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+B & B Hospital (Baidya and Banskota Hospital) is a private hospital with the goal to provide health services to the community of Nepal founded in 1997. The hospital was established in 1977 in order to provide an extensive and affordable service to the community. B&B; was established by Dr. Jagdish Lal Baidya and Dr. Ashok K. Banskota. It is located over 2.26 acres and includes an educational wing called B&B; Medical Institute. B&B; Hospital's goal is to provide efficient healthcare in the country with many departments such as orthopedics, general surgery and urology, general medicine, plastic/cosmetic & maxillofacial surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, neuroscience, pediatrics, otorhinolaryngology, cardiology, oncology, cardiothoracic & vascular surgery, dental, psychiatry, dermatology & venereology, nephology, ophthalmology, pneumatology, anesthesiology, and nutrition. B&B; Hospital is known for their orthopedic, urological/surgical expertise. Employed at B&B; Hospital are 120 professional doctors and 500+ staff members. Patients can choose from several health packages including: women's health package for age below 40, women's health package for age above 40, men's health package, gold health package for male, gold health package for female above 40, gold health package for female below 40, basic women's health package, and basic health package. == Services == Services provided range from emergency and trauma care, outpatient department, in patient services, OT and surgical services, clinical laboratory, pharmacy, sociotherapy, optical diagnostics services, and radiology and imaging services. * Department of Orthopaedic Surgery- services include joint replacement surgery, arthroscopy and sports medicine, spine surgery and spinal deformity correction, paediatric orthopaedics, arm and hand surgery. * General Surgery and Urology- provides urology and laparoscopic services, as well as general surgery procedures. * General Medicine- services include upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, ERCP, haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, pulmonary function testing. * Plastic, Cosmetic and Maxilloficial Surgery- microvascular surgery, reconstructive, aesthetic and cosmetic operations are performed, as well as maxillofacial operations that manage simple to complex facial bone fractures. * Gynaecology and Obstetrics- the department deals with all obstetric emergencies, including prenatal and antenatal care, normal and abnormal deliveries, as well as providing safe abortion services, family planning and counseling services. All gynaecological procedures are performed, including laparoscopic major gynaecological surgery, colposcopy, hysterectomy and uro-gynaecological operations. * Neuroscience- the department is equipped to handle all kinds of head and spinal problems, such as various traumas, tumors, congenital anomalies, vascular problems, etc. The department is also involved in the hospital's academic activities. * Paediatrics-the department provides care for newborns admitted with cases like AGE, pneumonia, meningitis, etc. * ENT- departmental services include microsurgery of the ear, surgery of the nose and the throat, head and neck surgery. * Cardiology- services include emergency management and intensive care, cardiac catheterization, blood pressure and heart rhythm monitoring, angiography, angioplasty & stenting, device implantation, peripheral interventions, echocardiography and color doppler. * Oncology- the hospital's cancer centre provides medical and surgical treatment to patients, including daily OPD consultations, chemotherapy, treatment planning and surgical procedures. * Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery * Dental * Psychiatry * Dermatology and Venereology- active in both academic and research activities, the department offers consultations for skin and sexually transmitted diseases and cosmetological problems, allergo-diagnostic tests, electro- catheterization, mole excision and skin biopsies. * Nephrology- the services offered include OPD, pre- and post-transplant follow up, and haemodialysis. * Ophthalmology * Rheumatology * Anesthesiology * Nutrition & Dietetics * Dermatology & Venerology ==References== 5\. Hospital Site Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1997 Category:Hospitals in Nepal Category:Hospitals established in 1997 Category:1997 establishments in Nepal
+left|thumb|July, 2021 B & B Motor Company Building is a historic auto showroom and service center located in Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was built in 1925, and is a two-story reinforced concrete and structural clay tile building faced in brick. It features limestone trim and a high decorated parapet. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. ==References== ==External links== * Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1925 Category:Buildings and structures in Asheville, North Carolina Category:National Register of Historic Places in Buncombe County, North Carolina
+B & G Sides, Vol. 1-4 is a compilation album combining B & G Sides, Vol. 1, B & G Sides, Vol. 2, B & G Sides, Vol. 3, and B & G Sides, Vol. 4. It was released as a full set in 2008. The compilation is available only as an export outside the US. ==Track listing== # "The Painter (Intro)" - 0:49 # "See and Be Scene" - 3:06 # "Don't Shake My Tree" - 3:04 # "The Sound of Coming Down (Intro)" - 1:31 # "Everything Away" - 3:48 # "I Like Your Hair Long" - 3:58 # "Go Die (Intro)" - 1:49 # "12345678" - 3:28 # "Come Back To Me" - 3:55 # "Teenage Girls Hold the Keys to the World" - 1:53 # "The Sound of Coming Down" - 3:25 # "The Painter" - 6:48 ==References== Category:The Hard Lessons albums Category:2008 compilation albums
+B & H Tool Works, Inc. is a large tool and die company specializing in the design, build, and repair of Class "A" Progressive Dies. The company is headquartered in Richmond, Kentucky and was established in 1978 by Sammy Hammons and Tommy Brown. A second facility is located in Mount Vernon, Kentucky. At the Richmond facility, capabilities include CNC machining, Wire EDM, and 5-Axis laser cutting services. Equipment used includes two CNC Vertical Machining Centers, one Mazak Turning Center, four Wire EDM Centers, and one Prima 5-Axis Laser. Recently the company upgraded one of its older CNC mills to a Kitamura MyCenter-7X and added an Agiecut Classic Gold 3S Wire EDM Center. The Laser Department includes 2 100-Ton press brakes used to form and bend lasercut parts. Besides tool and die, B & H Tool Works also runs production of metal stampings for several industries, the largest being automotive. The company serves as a Tier 2 supplier to several large automobile manufacturers for metal stampings and tooling. B&H; now has 5 wire EDM machines and a total of 15 stamping presses. Recent construction has also added an additional of manufacturing and office space. ==External links== * Category:Tool manufacturing companies of the United States Category:Manufacturing companies based in Kentucky Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1978 Category:1978 establishments in Kentucky Category:Richmond, Kentucky
+The B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing is a historic site where a set of railroad bridges, originally built by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, span the Potomac River between Sandy Hook, Maryland and Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 14, 1978 for its significance in commerce, engineering, industry, invention, and transportation. With ==History== The original Harper's Ferry operated from 1733 until it was replaced by a timber covered road bridge in about 1824 at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers.Note: Harwood (p. 44) states an opening date of 1829. Built in 1836–1837, the B&O;'s first crossing over the Potomac was an covered wood truss. It was the only rail crossing of the Potomac River until after the American Civil War. The single-track bridge, composed of six river spans plus a span over the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, was designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, II. In 1837 the Winchester and Potomac Railroad reached Harpers Ferry from the south, and Latrobe joined it to the B&O; line using a "Y" span. John Brown used the B&O; bridge at the beginning of his failed attempt to start a slave insurrection in Virginia and further south. The bridge was destroyed during the Civil War and replaced temporarily with a pontoon bridge. The two crossings today, which are on different alignments, are from the late 19th century and early 20th century. A steel Pratt truss and plate girder bridge was built in 1894 to carry the B&O; Valley Line (now the CSX Shenandoah Subdivision) toward Winchester, Virginia, along the Shenandoah River. This was complemented in 1930–1931 with a deck plate girder bridge that carried the B&O; Main Line (now the CSX Cumberland Subdivision) to Martinsburg, West Virginia. A rail tunnel, known as the Harpers Ferry Tunnel, was built at the same time as the 1894 bridge to carry the Valley Line through the Maryland Heights, eliminating a sharp curve. In the 1930s the western portal was widened during the construction of the second bridge to allow the broadest possible curve across the river. === Accident === On December 21, 2019, a CSX freight train derailed on the bridge, sending several cars into the river. There were no injuries and the bridge was later reopened. ==Gallery== File:CSX locomotives, Harpers Ferry Tunnel.jpg|West Portal of the Harpers Ferry Tunnel File:Potomac River Crossing after Hurricane Ida, Harpers Ferry, WV.jpg|View from the Split Rock overlook in 2021 ==See also== *Harpers Ferry National Historical Park *Harpers Ferry Historic District *John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry *List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Maryland *List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia *List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland *List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia ==References== ==External links== * * * *, including photo in 1978, at Maryland Historical Trust Category:American Civil War sites in West Virginia Category:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridges Category:Bridges completed in 1851 Category:Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland Category:Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia Category:Buildings and structures in Jefferson County, West Virginia Category:Buildings and structures in Washington County, Maryland Category:Bridges over the Potomac River Category:Harpers Ferry, West Virginia Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Maryland Category:Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia Category:Jefferson County, West Virginia in the American Civil War Category:National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, West Virginia Category:Railroad bridges in Maryland Category:Railroad bridges in West Virginia Category:Transportation in Jefferson County, West Virginia Category:Transportation in Washington County, Maryland Category:Tourist attractions in Jefferson County, West Virginia Category:1851 establishments in Maryland Category:Steel bridges in the United States Category:Plate girder bridges in the United States Category:Pratt truss bridges in the United States Category:1851 establishments in Virginia Category:Interstate railroad bridges in the United States Category:Buildings and structures in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
+B & O Railroad Viaduct is a historic structure in Bellaire, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on June 22, 1976. ==History== ===Bridge=== The B&O; Railroad's first bridge across the Ohio River, built in 1857, served a rail line through Parkersburg, West Virginia. But the growing center of Chicago, Illinois, made a span between Benwood, West Virginia, and Bellaire more desirable. In 1865, the B&O; obtained the Central Ohio Railroad and later the Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad. These acquisitions linked Bellaire to the port of Sandusky on the shore of Lake Erie, and thence to Chicago. The proposal to build a bridge at Bellaire threatened a ferry business there, whose owners sought and obtained an injunction was filed in court. The railroad fought the injunction to the U.S. Supreme Court and won. Discussions into the building of the bridge began in the late 1860s and it was decided that the bridge would be a long-span wrought-iron-truss. The design of the bridge was handled by Jacob Linville, president of the Keystone Bridge Co., which manufactured its trusses. The bridge was completed in 1871. The approaches are made of cut sandstone blocks that elevate the rail line to the recommended height. The bridge itself consists of all wrought-iron trusswork resting on six cut stone piers sunk into the river bed. The bridge was featured in the 2010 film Unstoppable starring Denzel Washington and Chris Pine. Filming on the bridge in Bellaire ran from November 9 to 14, 2009.http://www.wtov9.com/news/21561836/detail.html ===Bridge spans=== thumb|left|The span in Benwood, West Virginia The spans to the bridge were completed in 1870. The Bellaire span contains 43 arched spans measuring wide and varying from in height over the roadways of downtown Bellaire. The span comes down from the north and curves at 6 degrees to the east. Each span contains 37 stones, representing the 37 states at the time of completion. The span in Benwood contains stone piers with iron truss-work supporting the railway above. The span comes in from the south and curves 270 degrees to the west. The span traverses several manufacturing sites and comes within feet of West Virginia Route 2. In total, the entire span contains of masonry, the piers and abutments contain . The bridge span is in length and the total cost was over $1,000,000. ==Historic uses== *Rail-related ==See also== *List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Ohio *List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia *Unstoppable (2010 film) ==Notes== ==External links== *Benwood Bridge at Bridgehunter *Benwood Bridge at Bridges & Tunnels * Category:National Register of Historic Places in Belmont County, Ohio Category:Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Category:Railroad bridges in Ohio Category:Truss bridges in the United States Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Ohio Category:Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia Category:National Register of Historic Places in Marshall County, West Virginia Category:Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia Category:Bridges completed in 1871 Category:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridges Category:Bridges over the Ohio River Category:Viaducts in the United States Category:Wrought iron bridges in the United States Category:Bridges in Belmont County, Ohio Category:Buildings and structures in Marshall County, West Virginia Category:1871 establishments in Ohio Category:1871 establishments in West Virginia Category:Interstate railroad bridges in the United States
+Brothers James and William Fisk-Moore were photographers active in Kent from around 1911. They traded under the name of B&W; Fisk-Moore Ltd, James having taken the name of Beaufort James Fisk-Moore. == Early life == Beaufort and William's mother was Louisa Fisk, born in 1839 in St Albans, Hertfordshire.Ancestry Library Edition In 1862 she married John Moore in the same city.Ancestry Library Edition The 1911 Census shows Beaufort J Fisk-Moore aged 34 and William Fisk-Moore aged 30 living as boarders in a house in Canterbury, Kent suggesting birth dates in 1877 and 1881 respectively. Both were born in Folkestone, Kent. It gives their occupation as photographers.Ancestry Library Edition == Business == The business traded in Canterbury at 4 St. Georges Gate, 7 St. George's Place and 10c Burgate Street. After many years of trading the partnership was dissolved in 1942 by mutual consent. == Legacy == Images attributed to B&W; Fisk-Moore appear in the collections of major galleries. The National Portrait Gallery holds two vintage bromide prints one of Bishop Albert William Lee the other of Bishop Alfred Carey Wollaston Rose. The British Museum holds a postcard size image, possibly a gelatin silver print of Tanzanian women in a rural setting. Beaufort and William's names appear in the Hewlett Johnson Papers held at the University of Kent. Within the Conway Library Collection of photographs at the Courtauld Institute of Art there are images attributed to B&W; Fisk-Moore. The collection includes glass and film negatives as well as prints covering different time periods of mainly architectural images. The collection is currently in the process of being digitised as part of the wider Courtauld Connects project. == References == Category:19th-century photographers Category:20th-century photographers Category:British photographers
+B is the second extended play by South Korea-based Thai rapper and singer BamBam. It was released on January 18, 2022. == Background and release == After starting working on a new album in May 2021, BamBam announced it on December 13. The release was preceded by the single "Who Are You" on December 28, which saw him collaborate with Kang Seul-gi of Red Velvet and for which he was credited as a composer, lyricist, producer and mixing engineer. B was published on January 18, 2022 along with the music video of "Slow Mo". The title of the record is a reference to the singer's name, and, as there are two versions of the album (pink and yellow), the letter gets doubled to form his initials, "BB". == Music and lyrics == B tells the story of the mysterious, changing and colorful world of BamBam, and consists of six tracks: BamBam is credited as a lyricist for all songs, with the exception of "Subliminal". At the press conference of the album, the singer said: "The concept, as I have already mentioned, is my personal world. I have put my colors and my stories in this album. So, when you listen to it, you will understand what BamBam is thinking". Through B, which contrasts with Ribbon's jubilant atmospheres, he wants people to get to know him beyond the cheerful side and to know what he means to say through his music. The extended play opens with "Intro (Satellites)", which, after a hypnotic and psychedelic beginning, switches to a trap beat before the second verse, and in which is BamBam's alter ego to speak. The two following tracks, "Who Are You" and "Slow Mo", are connected to each other. "Who Are You" is a sentimental indie-pop song, built on drum beats and acoustic guitar sounds, which shows a more sober side than "Ribbon". In it, the singer embraces the deepest reflections and insights that life has to offer, highlighting BamBam's awareness that he has new chances working as a soloist, and the opportunities to find his true identity. Lyrically, it's a conversation between two lovers who have drifted apart with time due to the gradual evolution and change of their personalities, and highlights the differences between falling in love and falling in love with the idea of love. The theme of the song is visually rendered in the music video through the use of reflections, mirrors and mazes. While "Who Are You" narrates of the feeling of being manipulated, but not negatively, by one's strongest alter ego, "Slow Mo" talks about accepting it, merging with it, and influencing each other to define your own personality; the hip hop beat harmonizes with the indie base and pop topline in a mid-tempo production. Both songs were written a year and a half to two before release. In "Subliminal", a trap R&B; track entirely in English, BamBam alludes to a complicated situation with a partner and sings that he is tired of the subliminal messages he receives. "Let Me Love You" is a romantic pop song written from the point of view of a person who cares deeply about their lover and wants to share their difficulties. Dedicated to fans, it's an extension of "Look So Fine" from the previous EP. The pop-rock "Ride or Die" closes the album. == Critical reception == Rolling Stone india called "Who Are You" "a turning point in BamBam's career, providing listeners with a nuanced understanding of his artistry", in which he "reestablishes his artistic identity through a euphonious performance laced with golden harmonizations and raspy renders", contrasted by Seulgi's "breathy, dulcet vocals." EnVi Media found that, compared to Ribbon, B shows the versatility of BamBam as a soloist thanks to a completely different sound. Rachel Collucci of The Kraze commented: "BamBam does a great job of showcasing a different side of himself, a vulnerability that presents itself in the lyrics of his songs and their performances. [...] All in all, BamBam has added another solid collection of songs to his discography. He continues to shine creatively and tell the story of who he is, a story that we will never get tired of listening to." == Commercial performance == Upon release, B debuted at #7 in South Korea on the Gaon Weekly Album Chart, rising to #5 the following week. "Slow Mo" entered the Gaon Download Chart at #4, while, back in December, "Who Are You" ranked #28. B ranked seventh on the Gaon Monthly Album Chart for January 2022 with copies sold. == Track listing == == Charts == Weekly chart performance for B Chart (2022) Peak position South Korean Albums (Gaon) 5 ==References== ==External links== * * * at ManiaDB * Category:2022 EPs Category:Korean-language EPs Category:BamBam albums
+B EP is a 2004 EP by the American math rock band Battles. It was part of a trio of EPs released by Battles over the course of three months, and has been called "another sketchbook revealing where the group could end up in the future." B EP was released on Warp Records. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== * Dave Konopka – Bass, Guitar, Effects * John Stanier – Drums * Ian Williams – Guitar, Keyboards * Tyondai Braxton – Guitar, Keyboards, Vocals ==References== Category:2004 EPs Category:Battles (band) EPs
+B is a compilation album of b-sides, rare recordings and unreleased material from English rock band I Am Kloot. The album was first released at gigs starting on 16 September 2009, and was available on 15 October via Townsend Records. The official release date was 2 November 2009. The cover art consisted of fan-submitted artwork featuring the letter B. Caution: the archive link not always works - sometimes it takes a couple of tries to see the archived page (instead of the "robots.txt" message ) == Track listing == The track listing for the album is as follows: === Disc 1 === 1\. "Titanic" 3:12 2\. "Proof (demo)" 2:48 3\. "This House Is Haunted" 4:16 4\. "Cinders" 1:54 5\. "Deep Blue Sea" 3:55 6\. "The Mermen" 3:49 7\. "Gods and Monsters (Two Lone Swordsmen Remix)" 4:44 8\. "Strange Little Girl" 2:16 9\. "Junk Culture" 3:38 10\. "Stop Taking Photographs" 1:56 11\. "Big Tears" 2:25 12\. "Monkeys" 2:16 13\. "By Myself" 2:59 14\. "A Million Things (demo)" 3:33 === Disc 2 === 15\. "Blue and Bone China" 2:49 16\. "Asleep at the Wheel" 3:36 17\. "Fat Kids in Photographs" 2:39 18\. "Ferris Wheels (demo)" 3:40 19\. "Tell Me Something" 3:36 20\. "The Face of Alabaster" 6:04 21\. "You Gotta Go" 3:11 22\. "The Great Escape" 2:28 23\. "Glimmer" 4:58 24\. "Life in a Day (live)" 2:57 25\. "Over My Shoulder (demo)" 3:00 26\. "86 TV's (alternative version)" 3:05 27\. "Twist (French)" 3:20 28\. "Dogs Howl" 1:59/8:00 the UK version includes a hidden track titled "Salomey Maloney" (lyrics by John Cooper Clarke; recited by Neil Bell) === Bonus tracks === Bonus tracks on the "European" 2xCD release and on the 2xLP release: 29 (CD2) / 15 (LP1). "I'm a Believer" 5:24 30 (CD2) / 16 (LP1). "The Red Dress" 4:24 === Track origins === Track 1 originally released on "Titanic/To You" 7" single Tracks 2, 27 originally released on "Morning Rain" single Tracks 3, 4 originally released on "Life in a Day" CD single 1 Tracks 5, 13 originally released on "Life in a Day" CD single 2 Track 6 originally released on "Untitled #1" 7" single Track 7 originally scheduled for release on "I Believe" single Track 8 originally released on "Maybe I Should" single Track 9, 10, 22 originally released on "Over My Shoulder" single Track 11, 12 originally release on "3 Feet Tall" single Tracks 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 28 previously unreleased on any format Track 18 original version appears on I Am Kloot Play Moolah Rouge Track 20 released as free download from I Am Kloot website in Christmas 2008 Track 24 originally released on "From Your Favourite Sky" single Track 25 originally released on We Love You, So Love Us Too compilation Tracks 4, 9, 13, 15, 19 and 22 all pre-date I Am Kloot and were originally performed by singer John Bramwell under the name Johnny Dangerously. == Personnel == * John Harold Arnold Bramwell – vocals, guitars. * Peter Jobson – bass, slide guitar, backing vocals, piano, organ. * Andy Hargreaves – drums, percussion, glockenspiel. == References == Category:2009 albums Category:I Am Kloot albums
+The B was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1920 to 1948, originally running from Ramona Boulevard and Miller Street in East Los Angeles to Ascot Avenue and 51st Street. ==History== ===Brooklyn and Ascot Lines (1895–1911)=== The first Brooklyn line was built in 1895 by the Los Angeles Consolidated Railway as a horsecar road. It terminated at the intersection of Brooklyn Avenue and Evergreen Avenue. The line was electrified the following year and rerouted downtown. In 1902 the route was bought by the Pacific Electric Railway to be standard gauged, but never was. In 1908, the Brooklyn Avenue Line ran from Arcade Depot to Evergreen Cemetery via 5th Street, Main Street, Macy, Pleasant Avenue, Bridge, and Brooklyn Avenue. Following the Great Merger of 1911, control of the route returned to the Los Angeles Railway. They extended the route north and east along Evergreen and Wabash Avenues to the city limits in 1915. ===Expansion and later removal (1911–1949)=== The line was rerouted on May 9, 1920 and given the letter designation B the following year. Tracks on 9th Street were taken over by the N Line and the remaining service was merged with the Ascot Line, a previously unconnected route which ran by way of Main Street, 12th Street, Hooper Avenue, a private right-of-way alongside the Santa Monica Air Line, and Ascot Avenue. (A section of this, between Adams Boulevard and 41st Street, has since been filled in.) In 1924, rush hour trips were extended northeast along the newly built Harrison Street (later Ramona Boulevard, and later still City Terrace Drive) to Alma Street in East Los Angeles. Completion of the Macy Street Bridge in April 1926 allowed through- routing to Brooklyn Heights. The line began serving Union Station upon its opening in 1939. The final extension of the line was north to City Terrace and Miller Street on March 13, 1931. Streetcars were replaced with trolleybuses on December 5, 1948. ==Sources== ==External links== * B Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Eastside Los Angeles Category:Railway services introduced in 1920 Category:Railway lines closed in 1949 Category:1920 establishments in California Category:1948 disestablishments in California
+The 'b' Album is a collection of B-sides and rarities released in 1996 by the Canadian folk band Moxy Früvous. A sticker on the packaging warned, "Not the third album!" At first self-published by the band, it was rereleased later that year with a revised track order in Canada by Warner Music Canada, and in the United States by Bottom Line Records. ==Track listing (Warner version)== # "I Love My Boss" # "The Greatest Man in America" (live) # "Johnny Saucep'n" # "Ash Hash" (by Bob Snider) # "Gord's Gold" # "Big Fish" # "Jenny Washington" # "The Ballad of Cedric Früvous" # "Entropy" # "The Kids' Song" (live) ==External links== *Album information page at fruvous.com Category:Moxy Früvous albums Category:1996 EPs
+The B Sixth Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored , since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The B operates only on weekdays between Brighton Beach in Brooklyn and 145th Street in Harlem, Manhattan, making express stops in Brooklyn along the BMT Brighton Line and in Manhattan along Sixth Avenue, and making local stops along Central Park West. During rush hours, the B is extended beyond 145th Street to and from Bedford Park Boulevard in the Bronx, making local stops along Grand Concourse. Prior to the B ran almost exclusively in Manhattan, as the BB, from 168th Street in Washington Heights during rush hours to 34th Street–Herald Square in Midtown Manhattan. Upon the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection, the B started running via the BMT West End Line (local) and BMT Fourth Avenue Line (express) in Brooklyn. A short-lived B service ran via the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan and the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn from 1986 to 1988 due to Manhattan Bridge renovation, while B service traveled the pre-1967 route between 168th and 34th Streets. After 1989, the B north of 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center used the IND Eighth Avenue Line to 168th Street on weekdays, and the IND 63rd Street Line on evenings and weekends. Late night service ran as a shuttle on the West End Line. Weekday service was rerouted to the Concourse Line in 1998, while off-peak service along 63rd Street ceased in 2000. The B started using the Brighton Line in 2004 after work on the north side of the Manhattan Bridge was completed. == History == The designation B was originally intended for express trains originating from the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan and operating in Midtown Manhattan on the IND Sixth Avenue Line. However, the original B service, beginning with the opening of the Sixth Avenue Line on December 15, 1940, ran as a rush-hour only local service between 168th Street–Washington Heights and 34th Street–Herald Square. This service was designated BB, conforming with the Independent Subway System (IND) convention using double letters to indicate local services. === Chrystie Street Connection === File:B Train (1967-1979).svg 1967��1979 bullet The Chrystie Street Connection and the express tracks of the Sixth Avenue Line opened on November 26, 1967, radically changing service. BB trains were combined with the former service, which ran on the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn and the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan. This created a through service from 168th Street to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via the Sixth Avenue Line express tracks and the Manhattan Bridge. During middays, service to and from Brooklyn terminated at West 4th Street. During late night hours and Sundays when B service did not operate, TT shuttles continued to operate on the West End Line. On July 1, 1968, the B was rerouted to terminate at 57th Street in Midtown Manhattan during middays and evenings, extending to 168th Street only during rush hours. The West End Line shuttles were also made part of the B route. On June 1, 1976, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) announced changes in subway service that were expected to save $12.6 million annually and were the third phase of the agency's plan to realign subway service to better reflect ridership patterns and reduced ridership. As part of the changes, which took effect on August 30, 1976, B service began running between 57th Street and Coney Island during all times, replacing K service, and alternate B trains commenced operating between 168th Street and Coney Island during rush hours. On December 14, 1976, the NYCTA announced severe cuts in bus and subway service in order to cut its budget by $30 million over the following 18 months in order to achieve a balanced budget, at the request of the Emergency Financial Control Board. As part of the cuts, late night B service was cut back to running as a shuttle between 36th Street and Coney Island via the West End Line. This change took effect on August 27, 1977. Initially, the 57th Street station was to be closed during late nights. However, a B shuttle also operated during late nights, running between 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center and 57th Street. The NYCTA approved four changes in subway service on April 27, 1981, including an increase in B service. The changes were made as part of the $1 million, two-year Rapid Transit Sufficiency Study, and were expected to take place as early as 1982, following public hearings and approval by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) board. As part of the changes, midday B service was going to be increased, replacing AA service. B service on the West End Line and Fourth Avenue Line express was to be supplemented by a new rush hour T train, running between Bay Parkway and Chambers Street on the Nassau Street Line. On June 1, 1983, the NYCTA proposed changes to increase service along Sixth Avenue and better connecting the line to the Bronx and Queens. As part of the changes, B train service would run to 168th Street at all times, with service to 57th Street during non-rush hours replaced by a new H train running between 57th Street and World Trade Center. With the extension of B service to 168th Street, AA service would be eliminated. The changes would have gone into effect in spring or summer 1984, pending approval by the MTA board. File:NYCS-bull-trans-B yellow.svg File:NYCS-bull-trans-Bd yellow.svg align="center" 1986–1988 bullets for BMT Broadway Line service; the diamond was for rush-hour service (peak-direction express) to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard. === Manhattan Bridge reconstruction (1986 to 2004) === ==== 1980s ==== The reconstruction of the Manhattan Bridge between 1986 and 2004 affected B service as the bridge's north side tracks, which led to the Sixth Avenue Line, were closed multiple times. These closures severed the connection between the northern and southern portions of the route. B service was split into two different services starting on April 26, 1986, with an expected completion date of October 26, 1986. The closure of the bridge's north side tracks caused the return of pre-November 1967 service patterns, before the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection: The orange B duplicated the former BB service, and the yellow B imitated the old service. The northern B service ran via Sixth Avenue, using an orange bullet, between 34th Street-Herald Square and 168th Street during rush hours only. The southern B service ran via the bridge and BMT Broadway Line, using a yellow bullet. It ran from Coney Island-Stillwell Avenue and terminated at Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard rush hours; Queensboro Plaza middays, evenings, and weekends; and 36th Street late nights as a shuttle. Service to 57th Street and Grand Street was replaced by an S shuttle running between these two points via the Sixth Avenue local. On May 24, 1987, evening and weekend Broadway Line B service was cut back from Queensboro Plaza to 57th Street–Seventh Avenue. Through B service on the Sixth Avenue Line resumed December 11, 1988, when the Manhattan Bridge's north side tracks reopened. Due to increased demand for Sixth Avenue service along Central Park West, B trains were extended local to 168th Street on middays and evenings, partially replacing the discontinued K service. During late nights, the B continued to operate as the West End Shuttle from 36th Street to Coney Island. B service operated to 57th Street during weekends and N service was increased to replace B service to Ditmars Boulevard. In May 1989, Sunday afternoon service was increased to run every 10 minutes instead of every 12 minutes. With the opening of the IND 63rd Street Line on October 29, 1989, B service was extended from 57th Street to 21st Street–Queensbridge on weekends. In addition, the span of through-service on weekends between Brooklyn and Manhattan was increased from 17 to 19 hours. The last Brooklyn-bound through train was the train leaving 57th Street at 1:12 a.m. as opposed to the one leaving at 12:11 a.m., and the last Manhattan-bound through-train was the train leaving Coney Island at 5:01 a.m. Saturdays or 5:21 a.m. Sundays, not the 5:42 a.m. Saturday train or the 6:21 a.m. Sunday train. Weekday service was also slightly modified, with Stillwell Avenue-bound trains running local along Fourth Avenue in Brooklyn until 8 a.m. instead of 7 a.m. On September 30, 1990, evening service was rerouted to 21st Street–Queensbridge to replace Q service with A service running local between 145th and 168th Streets in its place. B trains stopped operating between 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center and 168th Street between 8:15 p.m. and 6:45 a.m., saving the NYCTA $1.35 million annually. Also on this date, because N service resumed running via the Manhattan Bridge, B trains began skipping DeKalb Avenue. ====1990s==== The north side of the Manhattan Bridge closed on middays and weekends from April 30, 1995 until November 12, 1995, during which B trains ran only between Pacific Street and Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue, running local on the BMT West End Line and express on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line. From February 22, 1998 to May 22, 1999, B service was cut to 57th Street on evenings and weekends due to track and tunnel reconstruction of the IND 63rd Street Line. Service on that line was replaced by a shuttle to the BMT Broadway Line which ran every 20 minutes. The 57th Street station was closed from 12:30 to 6 a.m. daily during the project. The project had initially been slated to be completed in fall 1999, but normal service resumed in May 1999, ahead of schedule. 75px 1979-1988, 1998-2005 rush-hour service bullet The B and the switched northern terminals on March 1, 1998, ending the connection between the B and Washington Heights. The B was routed onto the IND Concourse Line to Bedford Park Boulevard during rush hours. Midday service terminated at 145th Street. The change was made to reduce crowding on the C and to reduce passenger confusion about the C's route. ====2000s==== On November 5, 2000, B service was taken off of the IND 63rd Street Line for signal and track work. It ran along the Eighth Avenue Line to 145th Street (terminating at Bedford Park Boulevard during rush hours) at all times except late nights. On July 22, 2001, the Manhattan Bridge's north side tracks closed and B service over the Manhattan Bridge was split into two services, similar to the 1986 changes. This time, the southern half of the route that ran via the Broadway Line was named the . B service ran on weekdays only, from 34th Street to Bedford Park Boulevard during rush hours and from 34th Street to 145th Street during middays and evenings. The Manhattan Bridge was fully reopened to subway service on February 22, 2004. B and D trains were once again extended through Grand Street station and over the bridge's north tracks into Brooklyn. However, rather than returning to the West End Line which it had served in some form since 1967, the B now ran express on the BMT Brighton Line to Brighton Beach (replacing the <Q>) in order to combine two weekday- only services, while the D replaced the B on the West End Line, running express on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn. B service now operated between Brighton Beach and Bedford Park Boulevard during rush hours and Brighton Beach and 145th Street on weekday middays and evenings. ===2004 to present=== From September 14, 2009 to October 3, 2011, B trains ran local in Brooklyn due to station renovations on the Brighton Line. In July 2019, the MTA introduced a proposal to end late evening service. Instead, B service would end around 9:30 PM, which it previously did prior to July 2008. In their proposal, the MTA noted that service often ended early on weeknights to accommodate planned work. From March 2020 to June 8, 2020, the B was temporarily suspended due to lack of ridership and train crew availability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. From December 30, 2021 to January 19, 2022, B service was again suspended due to a shortage of crew members exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. == Route == === Service pattern === The following table shows the lines used by the B, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times: Line From To Tracks Times Times Line From To Tracks weekdays rush hours IND Concourse Line Bedford Park Boulevard 155th Street local IND Concourse Line 145th Street 145th Street all IND Eighth Avenue Line 135th Street 59th Street–Columbus Circle local IND Sixth Avenue Line Seventh Avenue/53rd Street Broadway–Lafayette Street express Chrystie Street Connection Grand Street Grand Street all Manhattan Bridge Manhattan Bridge Manhattan Bridge north BMT Brighton Line DeKalb Avenue Brighton Beach express === Stations === For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above. 20px|B service Stations Subway transfers Connections/Other Notes The Bronx The Bronx The Bronx The Bronx The Bronx Concourse Line Concourse Line Concourse Line Concourse Line Concourse Line Some northbound a.m. rush hour trips terminate at this station Bx12 Select Bus Service Skipped by trains terminating at Kingsbridge Road (IRT Jerome Avenue Line) Bx6 Select Bus Service Manhattan Manhattan Manhattan Manhattan Manhattan (IND Eighth Avenue Line) Northern terminal for all midday and evening trains Eighth Avenue Line Eighth Avenue Line Eighth Avenue Line Eighth Avenue Line Eighth Avenue Line M60 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport M86 Select Bus Service M79 Select Bus Service (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) Sixth Avenue Line Sixth Avenue Line Sixth Avenue Line Sixth Avenue Line Sixth Avenue Line (IND Queens Boulevard Line) 20px|alt=Elevator access to mezzanine only (IRT Flushing Line at ) (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at , daytime only) (BMT Broadway Line at , daytime only) (42nd Street Shuttle at , daytime only) (IND Eighth Avenue Line at , daytime only) (BMT Broadway Line) M34 / M34A Select Bus Service PATH at Amtrak, LIRR, NJ Transit at Pennsylvania Station (IND Eighth Avenue Line) PATH at (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at ) Chrystie Street Branch Chrystie Street Branch Chrystie Street Branch Chrystie Street Branch Chrystie Street Branch Brooklyn Brooklyn Brooklyn Brooklyn Brooklyn Brighton Line Brighton Line Brighton Line Brighton Line Brighton Line (BMT Fourth Avenue Line) (IRT Eastern Parkway Line) LIRR Atlantic Branch at Atlantic Terminal (BMT Franklin Avenue Line) B82 Select Bus Service == References == == External links == * MTA NYC Transit – B Sixth Avenue Express * * # # Category:New York City Subway services
+B is a service on the S-train network in Copenhagen. It runs between Farum and Høje Taastrup and provides stopping services on the S-train system's Farum radia and Tåstrup radial. B is one of the base services on the network, running every 20 minutes from about 5:00 to 1:00 every day, and every 10 minutes between about 6:00 to 19:00 on weekdays. On Friday and Saturday nights there is also a 30 minutes service throughout the night. ==History== Since the first part of the Taastrup radial opened in 1953, letter B has been used for its principal service. Before that the characteristic of service B was that it was the stopping trains to Holte. Name Southern end Years Northern end 1b terminated at København H 1936–1940 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte 1b Frederikssundbanen: all stops to Valby 1940–1941 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte 1b all stops to Vanløse 1941–1949 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte 1b all stops to Ballerup 1949–1950 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte B terminated at København H 1950–1953 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte B Vestbanen: all stops to Glostrup 1953–1963 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte B all stops to Taastrup 1963–1979 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte B all stops to Taastrup 1979–1986 Hareskovbanen: all stops to Farum B all stops to Høje Taastrup 1986–1989 Hareskovbanen: all stops to Farum B all stops to Høje Taastrup 1989–2014 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte B all stops to Høje Taastrup 2014– Hareskovbanen: all stops to Farum ===Bb, L, B+=== From 1972 to 1979, the service on the Taastrup branch was supplemented on weekdays by service E (q.v.). In 1979 a separate daytime reinforcement service Bb was created; it ran every 20 minutes with a 10-minute offset to service B such that the Tåstrup radial effectively had a 10-minute frequency. Under the timetable doctrine followed in those years, a service letter such as B could not be used for more than exactly 3 trains an hour, so a separate service designation was needed for these daytime supplements. They later changed their name to L and then to B+, and were finally folded into B with the 2007 timetable. Name Southern end Years Northern end Bb Vestbanen: all stops to Taastrup 1979–1986 terminated at Hellerup Bb all stops to Høje Taastrup 1986–1989 terminated at Hellerup L all stops to Høje Taastrup 1989–1995 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte B+ all stops to Høje Taastrup 1995–2007 Nordbanen: all stops to Holte Joined into B from September 2007 Joined into B from September 2007 Joined into B from September 2007 Joined into B from September 2007 ===Bx=== Rush-hour supplements for B ran from 1955: Name Southern end Years Northern end – terminated at København H 1955–1963 Nordbanen: all stops to Lyngby – Vestbanen: all stops to Hvidovre 1960–1963 terminated at Hellerup Bx to Taastrup, non- stop København H - Hvidovre 1963–1972 to Lyngby, non-stop Østerport - Bernstorffsvej Bx to Taastrup, non-stop København H - Valby - Glostrup 1972–1979 to Lyngby, non-stop Østerport - Bernstorffsvej Bx to Taastrup, non- stop København H - Valby - Glostrup 1979–1986 Hareskovbanen: to Farum, non-stop Østerport - Kildebakke and Bagsværd - Værløse Bx as above, extended to Høje Taastrup 1986–1989 Hareskovbanen: to Farum, non-stop Østerport - Kildebakke and Bagsværd - Værløse Bx as above, plus all stops until Valby 1989–1993 as above, plus stop in Vangede Bx to Høje Taastrup, non-stop København H - Valby 1993–1995 to Hellerup, non-stop from Østerport Bx as above, except non-stop Valby - Glostrup 1995–2001 terminated at København H Bx as above, except non-stop Valby - Glostrup 2001–2002 to Hellerup, non-stop from Østerport Bx as above, except non-stop Valby - Glostrup 2002–2004 all stops to Hellerup Bx to Høje Taastrup daytime Mon-Fri; non-stop Danshøj - Glostrup 2005 Klampenborgbanen: all stops to Klampenborg daytime Mon-Fri No service in 2006 due to infrastructure works No service in 2006 due to infrastructure works No service in 2006 due to infrastructure works No service in 2006 due to infrastructure works Bx to Høje Taastrup rush hour Mon-Fri; non-stop Danshøj - Glostrup 2007-2009 Hareskovbanen: to Farum rush hour Mon-Fri; non-stop Ryparken - Vangede and in Skovbrynet Bx as above, but only morning rush Dec 2009– terminates at Østerport ==References== Category:S-train (Copenhagen)
+B was a banking brand in the United Kingdom which operated between 2016 and 2019 as a trading division of Clydesdale Bank plc. B focused on app-based banking and computer learning of personal finances to help customers manage their money. ==History== B offered an app-based current accounts that is paired with a savings account. B's bank cards use the Mastercard system for both debit and credit cards. B also offered a credit card, with a selling point of consistently low interest rates and no foreign transaction fees. In June 2019 CYBG plc, the parent company of Clydesdale Bank plc announced that the B brand was to be phased out and replaced by the Virgin Money brand in December 2019. B closed applications for new current accounts on 4 December 2019 and existing B accounts were re-branded as Virgin Money the following day. == See also == ==References== == External links == * Category:Banks established in 2016 Category:Companies based in Glasgow
+The ancient Egyptian b-hieroglyph (Gardiner D58) represents a foot or lower leg.Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, uniliteral: U3, p. 22-23. ==Gallery== File:Egypt Medicine2.jpg|Relief (also shows 3rd "m" vertical Baker's tool (hieroglyph) (mostly used as preposition)) File:Geroglifici Hatshepsut.JPG|External wall relief; (foot and leg hieroglyphs) FIle:Abousir Sahoure 07.jpg|Column relief ==See also== *Gardiner's Sign List#D. Parts of the Human Body *List of Egyptian hieroglyphs ==References== *Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, Ruth Schumann-Antelme, and Stéphane Rossini. c 1998, English trans. 2002, Sterling Publishing Co. (Index, Summary lists (tables), selected uniliterals, biliterals, and triliterals.) (softcover, ) Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: parts of the human body
+B 018, also pronounced in French B Zero Dix-Huit, is a nightclub that was established in 1994 in Beirut, Lebanon. Today, by staying true to its claim, "A Sound Ritual", B 018 offers an array of nights. From live bands to 80s night during the week and international and local house DJs on the weekends, the club feeds everything heart and ears desire. ==History== In the 1980s while Lebanon was still amidst war, Naji Gebran believed in music as therapy to ease the stress of the war.BO18, Beirut Night Life, Beirut night clubs, lebanon night clubs, night clubs in beirut He started organizing parties, under the name Musical Therapy, at his chalet.Ryder, Bethan. Bar and Club126, page According to Bethan Ryder in his book, Bar and Club, parties were later code-named B 018 due to the chalet's location 18 kilometers north of Beirut. Others have attributed the name, B 018, to the security, access-code number of the chalet.Le Petit Futé Liban, page 127 Another urban legend claimed that the number or the address of the chalet was B 018.World Press Review: Volume 50, 2003 In any case, the parties became so popular and overcrowded that in 1993, Naji moved them to a warehouse in an industrial area of Sin El Fil in 1994. The club was then officially Christened B 018 the venues predominant musical policy during its first incarnation was centered on contemporary and traditional Arabic music, Acid Jazz, Jazz and World Music sounds. In 1998, Bernard Khoury was hired to build a new home for B 018 at the Quarantaine, the neighborhood that witnessed some of the most horrific atrocities during the war. The plot of land where the club was built was believed to be the site of the former Palestinian camp.Frem, Sandra. Nahr Beirut : Projections on an Infrastructural Landscape In his design, Khoury wanted to arouse bottled-up remembrances of the war and that was expressed in the club itself, which was sunk in the ground like a communal grave, and seats inside were shaped like coffins.Kassir, Debevoise, and Fisk. Beirut, page 526 The design of B 018 has been labeled as "war architecture".Abitare, Issues 438-439, page 249 The design included a circular iron plate that could be moved to cover the entire hypogeal night club at closing time so that from a bird's-eye view, the club resembled a helicopter landing pad.Baglivo and Galofaro. Digital Odyssey: a New Voyage in the Mediterranean, page 63 During operation hours, the same covering plates could be lifted up, transforming the club into an open-air discothèque where revelers on the underground dance floor found themselves suddenly dancing under the starry sky of Beirut and their gyrating movements where reflected on the mirrored surfaces of the plates. ==Atmosphere== The club is one of Beirut's most popular discothèques. Known for its liberal atmosphere, the club has always been popular with artists and gay and lesbian patrons.Carter, Dunston, and Thomas. Syria and Lebanon, page 289 It is often frequented by international celebrities such as, Naomi Campbell and Dee Dee Bridgewater. Wallpaper magazine chose B018 as one of the best clubs in the world in 2004, 2005, and 2006.B018 Series Vol.1 - Mixed by Gunther & Stamina [Ready Mix Records] :: Beatportww.worldsbestbars.com/top-100.htm Local and international DJ's, like Danny Howells and Lee Burridge, have played at the club. ==Academic discourse== The club was the subject of Bernard Khoury's lecture, "New Wars in Progress" that was given at the University of Michigan's, School of Art & Design in 2009. It was also the subject of Khoury's lecture, "Combat Architecture", for the Lebanese Club at MIT in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ==In fiction== *The Cyclist: A Novel by Viken Berberian :As I ride to B 018, a stench more putrid than death permeates the night. It tickles my urge for a steak, causes my appetite to ache. B 018 is an industrial dance club tucked in a deserted district called The Quarantine. ==See also== *List of electronic dance music venues * Superclub ==References== ==External links== *Core Magazine *B 018, Official Website, discontinued since 2012 *B 018, Official Facebook Page with recent information *Bernard Khoury's "New Wars in Progress" Lecture at University of Michigan, School of Art & Design *Bernard Khoury's "Combat Architecture" Lecture to Lebanese Club @ MIT in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Category:Nightclubs in Lebanon Category:Buildings and structures in Beirut Category:Electronic dance music venues
+B 32 Muthal 44 Vare is 2023 Indian Malayalam-language film written and directed by Shruthi Sharanyam featuring Remya Nambeesan and Anarkali Marikar. == Cast == * Remya Nambeesan * Anarkali Marikar * Zarin Shihab * Aswathy Babu * Raina Radhakrishnan * Krisha Kurup * Harish Uthaman * Sajitha Madathil * Sajin Cherukayil == Production == ‘Aanandam’ song from the film was released on 29 March 2023. Later teaser and the trailer was released on 5 April 2023. Film got "U/A" censored and scheduled to release on 6 April 2023. Film selected for funding by the Kerala State Film Development Corporation (KSFDC) as part of a project launched in 2019-20 to promote women filmmakers. == Reception == Anjana George critic of Times of india gave 4 stars out of 5 and stated that "The film is a pathbreaking celebration for women and a thought provoker for society.". S.R.Praveen, critic of The Hindu, stated that "A sensitive, nuanced take on body politics". Cris critic of The News Minute gave 3.5 stars out 5 and appriciated the film. Vignesh Madhu critc of The New Indian Express stated that " The title B 32 Muthal 44 Vare, which refers to the bust sizes of women’s innerwear, is apt for this film as it deals with how a woman’s breasts have a telling impact on the course of her life. "and gave 3 out of 5 rating. Critcs from Mathrubhumi and Indian Express Malayalam gave mixture of review. ==Awards== * 2022: Padmarajan Award for Best Screenwriter – Shruthi Sharanyam"എം.മുകുന്ദനും വി.ജെ ജെയിംസിനും പത്മരാജൻ സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്‌കാരം; ചലച്ചിത്ര പുരസ്‌കാരം ലിജോ ജോസ് പെല്ലിശ്ശേരിക്കും ശ്രുതി ശരണ്യത്തിനും" . DC Books (in Malayalam). 22 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023. * 2022: Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film == References == == External links == * Category:2020s Malayalam-language films
+Angela Roxanna Boyd (born March 9, 1968), known by the stage name B Angie B, is a rhythm and blues vocalist and dancer. Boyd was notable as a backing vocalist and protégé for MC Hammer, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1991, she recorded for Hammer's Bust It Records label. She also released a charting album and three singles of her own with the label. Subsequent albums were less successful commercially, but Boyd continued occasionally releasing music in the 2000s and 2010s. AllMusic credits Boyd with exploring neo soul musical aesthetics within urban contemporary music, and described her as a forerunner to other African American female soul singers such as Mary J. Blige, Erykah Badu and Jill Scott. == Early life and education == Boyd was born and raised in the small rural town of Morton, Mississippi. She grew up singing and honing her vocals in a local church. She graduated from Morton High School in the Scott County School District in 1984. A few years later, she and her best friend made a decision to move out west to pursue a singing/music career together. The friend ended up getting pregnant and Boyd relocated to Oakland, California. It wasn't long after this relocation that Boyd was discovered by producer (and future husband) James Earley, and brought to MC Hammer's attention that Angie was a vocalist. Hammer is also the one credited with giving Boyd her stage name B Angie B, when Hammer said "just be Angie" one day. == Music career and personal life == B Angie B sang on "Pump It Up (Here's the News)" from MC Hammer's Let's Get It Started album (the version re-released on Capitol Records in 1988), and she became a backup singer during his concert tours. During one tour, she briefly dated Mike Tyson. Her next opportunity came in 1989 with Hammer's female rap trio Oaktown's 3.5.7. She added her vocals to their rap song "Juicy Gotcha Krazy" from the album Wild & Loose, and appeared in the music video with the group. In 1990, she continued to perform background vocals for Hammer during his successful Please Hammer Don't Hurt 'Em album and tour period. In early 1991, Hammer signed B Angie B to his Capitol-distributed Bust It Records imprint and soon her debut album was released, titled B Angie B. It was co-produced by Hammer and Felton Pilate, a former member of Con Funk Shun. In April 1991, the album debuted at number 11 on the Billboard Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It peaked at number 133 on the Billboard 200.Joel Whitburn, The Billboard Albums. 6th edition, 2006, p. 72. The release of the album was led by the single "So Much Love", followed by two covers: "Sweet Thing" (originally by Rufus & Chaka Khan) and "I Don't Want to Lose Your Love" (originally by The Emotions). The latter was the album's biggest hit, reaching number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100.Joel Whitburn, Top Pop Singles. 12th edition, 2009, p. 68. B Angie B toured with Johnny Gill around the time of the album's release. In July 1991, she began dating Tyson again, while on tour with several Bust It musicians. She would later become a prominent witness in Tyson's 1992 rape trial."Rapper's Visit to See Tyson Causes Stir at Prison". Jet, May 11, 1992. (Google Books link) She also appeared in the Kid 'n Play farce Class Act and sang on the soundtrack's title track "Class Act (Work That Body)", which was also released as a music video. Late in 1991, Boyd left Capitol Records. Boyd released a second album in 1995 on the Bust It label (with an independent distributor). She dropped the first "B" from her name, performing as simply Angie B. The album release was preceded by the single "It's My Life". Neither the album nor the single charted. Nevertheless, critics identified her as a forerunner of neo soul R&B;, which became more prominent over the course of the 1990s and beyond. Alex Henderson of AllMusic noted: "B Angie B did her part to bring soul music to a hip-hop/urban contemporary generation... She was doing that type of thing before the rise of Mary J. Blige, D'Angelo, Erykah Badu or Jill Scott." After 2000, B Angie B (then amicably divorced from James Earley) returned to Mississippi. Boyd had one child, a daughter, with Earley. Her 1991 solo debut B Angie B was reissued in mid-2005 via Capitol Records. It included a bonus DVD, along with previous releases with Oaktown's 3.5.7. In the summer of 2009, she released new music via her Myspace account (myspace.com/bangiebmusic), including a remake of "Ring My Bell". In 2013, B Angie B signed a recording contract with Monarchy Records, a division of the Spectra Music Group. Her most recent album "Stronger Than Ever" was released on April 22, 2013. This project is a collaboration with Italian DJs Max Mazzeo and Dirty Old Boyz. ==References== Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:American contemporary R&B; singers Category:People from Morton, Mississippi Category:21st-century American women singers Category:21st-century American singers
+b Aquarii refers to several different astronomical objects: * b1 Aquarii or 98 Aquarii * b2 Aquarii or 99 Aquarii * b3 Aquarii or 101 Aquarii Aquarii, b b Aquarii
+The B Avenue NE Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. At the time of its nomination it consisted of 210 resources, which included 167 contributing buildings, and 43 non-contributing buildings. This is a working and middle-class neighborhood northeast of the campus of Coe College. It includes single-family dwellings, a church, and a school. The buildings are representative of various architectural styles and vernacular building forms popular from c. 1875 to 1963. The oldest house was built in 1873 and moved here in the early 20th century. Bungalow, Craftsman, and American Foursquare houses are dominant. A simple side-tower church, originally Central Park Presbyterian Church, was built in 1904. For the most part, architect-designed buildings are a rarity here. The houses are designs from pattern books. Cedar Rapids architect William J. Brown designed Benjamin Franklin Junior High School (1923). ==References== Category:National Register of Historic Places in Cedar Rapids, Iowa Category:Historic districts in Cedar Rapids, Iowa Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
+The B B Chemical Company is an historic office and industrial building at 784 Memorial Drive in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was built in 1937 for the Boston Blacking Company, an adhesive manufacturer whose most famous brand name was Bostik, to a design by Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott, and is a prominent local example of Streamline Moderne architecture. From 1979 to 1996, it served as the headquarters of the Polaroid Corporation. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 under the incorrect name "B and B Chemical Company". It is now owned by The Bulfinch Companies of Needham, Massachusetts. ==Description and history== The former B B Chemical Company building is located in the Cambridgeport neighborhood of Cambridge, on the east side of Memorial Drive between River Street and Pleasant Street Extension. It is a basically rectangular structure, with a four-story central section flanked by three-storey wings. It has a frame of steel and concrete, and is mainly faced in buff brick. The central section is recessed from the wings, but a projecting cornice on the wings extends over the recess area to provide a curved canopy over the entrance. The central part of the center section is even taller, with a projecting rounded window bay topped by a clock face. The wings are symmetrical, with the ground floor composed mainly of glass blocks interspersed with regularly spaced horizontal windows. The upper floors are defined by long bands of horizontal windows. The building was designed by Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott and built in 1937 for the B B Chemical Company, a subsidiary of the United Shoe Machinery Corporation since 1929. In 1946, it described itself as supplying "adhesives and related compounds for the shoe leather, aircraft, rubber clothing and shipbuilding industries".Manning's Cambridge Directory, 1946, p. 122 The facility, which include a more simply designed second building behind this one, produced adhesives used in the shoe manufacturing process at other plants. It served as the headquarters for the Polaroid Corporation starting in 1979. It is now owned by The Bulfinch Companies, and is occupied by Harvard University's Information Technology group (HUIT). ==External links== * A 1946 photo showing the building labelled B B CHEMICAL ==See also== *National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts ==References== Category:Industrial buildings completed in 1937 Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Category:Buildings and structures in Cambridge, Massachusetts Category:Streamline Moderne architecture in Massachusetts Category:National Register of Historic Places in Cambridge, Massachusetts
+Balappa Bhimappa Chimmanakatti is a politician from the state of Karnataka. He is a leader of Indian National Congress. He won as MLA in 2013 from Badami assembly constituency. In 2018 assembly elections, then Chief Minister Siddaramaiah contested elections from Badami and hence Chimmanakatti did not contest. == Career == He has been the MLA of Badami in 1978, 1983, 1994, 1999 and 2013. He is the founder of Shri Kalidasa educational society in Badami, Bagalkot district. ==References== Category:Indian National Congress politicians Category:People from Karnataka Category:People from Bagalkot Category:People from Bagalkot district Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028 Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018 Category:Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004 Category:Karnataka MLAs 1994–1999 Category:Karnataka MLAs 1978–1983 Category:Karnataka MLAs 1983–1985
+B B Phuyal known as Bhanu Bhakta Phuyal (born 26 May 1986 at Morang district, Nepal) is a well-known film director in Nepal film industry for more than 12 years and chairman of Phuyal Shooting Studio Pvt. Ltd. He has started his career in this sector as an assistant director and actor. Later on, he paid attention to other dimensions of filmmaking such as production, cinematography, and direction besides acting. He has produced and directed several Nepali movies, documentaries and also music videos. His work as a director include the films The Last Kiss, Champion, and Love you Man. He has his own Shooting Studio name Phuyal Shooting Studio. ==Early life== Phuyal was passionate about movies since his childhood. In 2005, he got an opportunity to work in Nepali Film as Assistant Director. In the same year, he directed and played in another Nepali teleserial Barbadai paryo. Since then, his professional career takes up. Mr. Phuyal loves being versatile in his profession. Though he had started his journey as actor-cum-director. ==Filmography== Movie Year Role Champion 2015 Director Love you Man 2012 Director Last Kiss 2012 Director Romance 2013 Director RaktaBhog 2014 Director ==Awards== Year Award Category Movie Result 2013 Box Office Cine Award 2013 Director The Last Kiss ==References== Category:Nepalese film directors Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:People from Morang District Category:21st-century Nepalese film directors
+B Bar H Ranch, California is an unincorporated area with cultural and historical features and is a residential community in Riverside County, California. B Bar H Ranch is located between Palm Springs and Desert Hot Springs in the Seven Palms Valley. California Home Town Locator states the B Bar H Ranch Latitude is 33.9102927 and Longitude is -116.4819566. The GNIS entry date is January 19, 1981. B Bar H Ranch sits at an elevation of . B Bar H Ranch is approximately eight miles north of Palm Springs, California and approximately six miles south of Desert Hot Springs, California. B Bar H Ranch's approximate 240 acres are bordered by 18th Avenue to the north, Mountain View Road to the east, 20th Avenue to the south, and Bubbling Wells Road to the west. B Bar H Ranch consisted of approximately 899 residents as of the 2010 US Census. ==Historic beginning== thumb|left|Original B Bar H Ranch guest area - heated pool and sun bathing facilities During World War II, the B-bar-H Ranch was one of the Southern California Desert Cities area's most exclusive winter resorts. It was a place where prominent politicians, businessmen and bankers would socialize with Hollywood stars, writers and musicians. The Ranch was named after Hollywood mogul Lucienne Hubbard and his son-in-law Charles Bender. The two men purchased the land in 1927 from the Southern Pacific Land Company. Lucienne Hubbard was a writer and helped promote the B Bar H Ranch and surrounding areas' natural mineral hot springs. The Ranch soon became an exclusive by invitation only resort, and in 1937, the B Bar H Ranch opened its resort to the public. A 1935 ad states "Spend this Winter at the B Bar H Ranch, a California desert resort of the finest character. The West has no finer, more delightful place for winter relaxation than the B Bar H. Located in the midst of the desert beauties, you'll find quiet and rest, or thrilling sports and diversions...tennis, swimming, hunting, golf, hiking, camping, sun-bathing... and above all, exhilarating desert riding. Individual cottages... with the appointments and comforts of the finest hotels, but true to the traditions of the West. Select, friendly clientele. Opens Oct. 1st. B bar H Ranch in the Coachella Valley near Palm Springs." ==Celebrity guests== The B Bar H Ranch opened to the public in 1937 which was prior to the founding of Desert Hot Springs in 1941. Hollywood celebrities who visited and helped make the resort town of Palm Springs fashionable also vacationed, stayed and played at the B Bar H Ranch. Palm Springs Historical Society records indicate ranch celebrity guests included many famous people from the Golden Age of Hollywood: Bob Hope, Ray Milland, Bing Crosby, Ronald Colman, Tyrone Power, Joan Crawford, Lionel Barrymore, Irene Dunne, Eleanor Powell, Olivia de Havilland, Joan Fontaine, Gary Cooper, Marlene Dietrich, Robert Taylor, Joseph Selznick, and Darryl Zanuck. Newspaper clippings from the mid-1940s mention gymkhana events included not only calf roping and horse races—saddle and bareback, but also broomstick polo. At a Thanksgiving holiday gymkhana, guest Peter Lorre, vacationing with his wife along with acting couple Phil Harris and Alice Faye, served as the honorary arena director. ==Modern-day ranch== thumb|right|Bellini - Mid-Century Modern Home In 1940, the Ranch was purchased by Jay Kasler for $42,000, and Kasler closed the Ranch to the public in 1950. In 1978, Lenore "Lee" High purchased the Ranch. Since that time, the Ranch's land has been divided into quarter- acre lots, which were sold and developed. In 1948, Mary Pickford, a Canadian- born American film actress and producer, built a 7-bedroom, 8-bathroom, and 6,050-square-foot estate on 2.12 acres at the B Bar H Ranch where she lived and then later sold. Pickford was one of the most powerful women who ever worked in Hollywood. The property is now renovated and is available as AirBnb retreat! In 1967, developers requested the B Bar H Ranch be made into a mobile home park. The request was denied by the Riverside County Board of Supervisors for the unincorporated area consisting of 550 lots. In 1972, Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Post 1534 was founded by Joseph Lamar Stone and resides at 1 Clubhouse Drive on the south side of the B Bar H Ranch. The Post is housed inside the B Bar H Ranch's original guest area built in the early-to-mid 1900s. Mary Pickford donated the building to the VFW. It is one of the last VFW Posts in Southern California's Coachella Valley serving Riverside County Desert Cities. This includes and is not limited to Palm Springs, Cathedral City, Desert Hot Springs, La Quinta, Indio, Rancho Mirage, Palm Desert, Indian Wells, unincorporated County areas of Sky Valley, Desert Edge, B Bar H Ranch and other surrounding locations. There are approximately 35,000 veterans within the Coachella Valley. In 2005, Mark Bodon, a Palm Springs High School graduate, started a Company named Modern Living Spaces, aiming to build unique and sophisticated homes. By 2006, Mr. Bodon built 56 mid-century modern homes on the B Bar H Ranch land. He named the houses after cocktails: Manhattan, Cosmopolitan, Gibson, Brandy Alexander and Bellini. The Bellini was designed using the architectural specifications provided by architect Marshall Roath who on occasion visited a Bellini home to see the final work. The original home went up for sale in August 2020. ==Historical landmark== thumb|left|B Bar H Ranch Arch The B Bar H Ranch Arch was built in 1929 and still stands today. It is one of the last vestiges of the old dude ranch. The B Bar H Ranch Arch located at Bubbling Wells Road and El Serape Trail, marks what used to be the entrance to one of Southern California desert's finest winter getaways. The B Bar H Ranch Arch is a local artifact for surrounding cities. The Arch recently was the cover of a publication named Desert Hot Springs written by the Desert Hot Springs Historical Society. The publication identifies the Ranch and its Arch to be a part of Desert Hot Springs history. The Ranch, its history and its artifacts, is a historical part of Riverside County Unincorporated. The Palm Springs Historical Society first documented the Ranch's historical events dating back to its beginning in 1927. In 1929, the B Bar H Ranch Arch was designed and built for horses and horse back riders. The Arch is not designed for today's car and truck traffic. As reported in The Desert Sun from Palm Springs, California on July 29, 2007, someone driving near the Arch hit (and run) the stone structure, causing significant damage. The residents of the North side of the B Bar H Ranch gathered to make the repairs. ==External links== * *VFW Post 1534 ==References== Category:Coachella Valley Category:Unincorporated communities in Riverside County, California

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+D & C Builders Ltd v Rees [1965] EWCA Civ 3 is a leading English contract law case on the issue of part payment of debt, estoppel, duress and just accord and satisfaction. ==Facts== D & C Builders Ltd was a two man building firm run by Mr Donaldson and Mr Casey. They had done work for Mr Rees at 218 Brick Lane, London E1, coming to £732. Mr Rees had only paid £250. £482 was owing. D&C; were facing bankruptcy if they were not paid. Mrs Rees phoned up to complain that the work was bad, and refused to pay more than £300. D&C; reluctantly accepted and took a receipt marked ‘in completion of account’. After that, they consulted their solicitors and sued for the balance. ==Judgement== Lord Denning MR held that the doctrine of part payment of a debt not discharging the whole ‘has come under heavy fire’ but noted that estoppel, deriving from the principle laid down in Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co., could give relief in equity. Although in his opinion part payment of debt could satisfy a whole debt, he found that Mrs Rees had effectively held the builders to ransom. Therefore, any variation of the original agreement was voidable at the instance of the debtors for duress. ==See also== *Collier v P & MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd [2007] EWCA ==Notes== ==References== *'A strange sort of survival for Pinnel's case: Collier v P & MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd' (2008) 71(4) Modern Law Review 611–620 Category:Lord Denning cases Category:English enforceability case law Category:English estoppel case law Category:English duress case law Category:English unconscionability case law Category:1965 in British law Category:Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases Category:1965 in case law
+The D&RG; Narrow Gauge Trestle, also known as the Cimarron Canyon trestle, is a narrow-gauge railroad deck truss bridge crossing the Cimarron River near Cimarron, Colorado. Located within the Curecanti National Recreation Area, the trestle is the last remaining railroad bridge along the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad's Black Canyon route, a narrow-gauge passenger and freight line that traversed the famous Black Canyon of the Gunnison between 1882 and the 1940s. ==History== The Pratt Truss-style bridge was constructed in 1895 by the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, as part of the railroad's narrow gauge passenger and freight route between Gunnison and Montrose in Western Colorado. Crossing the turbulent Cimarron River just upstream from its confluence with the Gunnison River, the trestle replaced a wooden trestle built during the route's construction in 1882. Originally long, only the central span of it remains today. The last remaining Trestle on the route after the abandonment of the line in the 1950s and the inundation of the Gunnison in the 1960s, the structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. ==Static Display== thumb|left|The trestle and its train before the 2010 restoration Crossing the Cimarron River just upstream from its confluence with Crystal Reservoir, the bridge holds a static display composed of several pieces of railroad equipment. Representing the types of rolling stock used by the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad on the Black Canyon Route, the display includes a 2-8-0 steam locomotive, D&RGW; No. 278, built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1882, a coal tender paired with the engine in 1935, a boxcar, D&RGW; No.3132, built in 1904 by American Car and Foundry and a caboose, No. 0577, manufactured in 1886.D&RGW-related; Steam Locomotive Rosters Gifted by the railroad to the nearby town of Montrose in 1952, the engine, along with its tender and caboose, was leased to the National Park Service in 1973. ==2010 Restoration Project== In July 2010, the NPS began a program of restoring the Cimarron Canyon trestle and the rolling stock displayed on it, including the D&RGW; No. 278 steam locomotive. As a result, the stock was subsequently removed from the bridge and stored in a maintenance yard in Cimarron. While work on the bridge took place, the locomotive and rolling stock were sent to various firms in Colorado for cosmetic restoration. By late 2018, the entire restoration project had been completed and the D&RGW; No. 278, coal tender, boxcar, and caboose were placed back on the trestle on October 26, 2018.National Park Service – Cimarron Train Restoration Project ==See also== *Rio Grande 168 *Rio Grande 169 *Rio Grande 223 *Rio Grande 315 *Rio Grande 463 ==References== ==External links== * National Park Service: Cimarron Canyon Rail Exhibit Category:Railroad bridges in Colorado Category:Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Category:Gunnison River Category:Bridges completed in 1895 Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Montrose County, Colorado Category:Curecanti National Recreation Area Category:National Register of Historic Places in Montrose County, Colorado Category:Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Category:Pratt truss bridges in the United States Category:Metal bridges in the United States Category:Trestle bridges in the United States Category:1895 establishments in Colorado
+D is the debut studio album of composer Deuter, released in 1971 by Kuckuck Schallplatten. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== Adapted from the D liner notes. * Deuter – flute, guitar, synthesizer, production, engineering * Achim Elsner – mastering * Sigrid Müller-Gunow – photography, art direction ==Release history== Region Date Label Format Catalog Germany 1971 Kuckuck CS, LP MC 017 1998 CD 11009 2009 Missing Vinyl LP MV022 United Kingdom 2010 Esoteric CD EREACD1008 ==References== == External links == * Category:1971 debut albums Category:Deuter albums Category:Kuckuck Schallplatten albums Category:Esoteric Recordings albums
+D was a streetcar route in Los Angeles, California. The line was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1895 to 1947. ==History== ===Bonnie Brae Line (1895–1920)=== During the early days of LARy, the route ("Bonnie Brae") had to compete with multiple other streetcar companies, running a circuitous route to avoid them between Central Station and the northern portion of Westlake, by way of 5th Street, Olive Street, 6th Street, Figueroa Street, 7th Street, Alvarado Street, Webster Avenue, and Bonnie Brae Street. Following the Great Merger of 1911, Pacific Electric divested most of its Los Angeles local routes to LARy, allowing D to use former Los Angeles Inter-Urban Electric Railway trackage on West 6th street Westlake. The Figueroa and 7th street portions of the line were eliminated, shortening the trip by . ===D Line (1920–1947)=== In 1921, the Bonnie Brae Line was given the letter designation D. Cars originated at Fifth and Central, running west via Fifth; Olive; Sixth; a private right of way; and Larchmont as far as Melrose. Early in the 1920s, the 5th Street segment was extended so that 3, U, and D lines could run straight along 5th Street through Downtown and shortening the route by an additional . This made D little more than a branch of two much more popular routes. Service to Bonnie Brae was resumed in January 1925. With the closure of Central Station in 1940, and no major destinations on East 5th Street, ridership downtown reduced significantly (though the removal of the I line improved ridership in Westlake). Ridership along the route spiked in World War II, necessitating extending the service down U line tracks to Slauson. The route was removed by Los Angeles Transit Lines in 1947, largely replaced with trolley coach service. ==Sources== ==External links== * D Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway lines opened in 1920 Category:Railway lines closed in 1947 Category:1920 establishments in California Category:1947 disestablishments in California
+The D Sixth Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored , since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The D operates at all times between 205th Street in Norwood, Bronx, and Stillwell Avenue in Coney Island, Brooklyn via Grand Concourse in the Bronx, Central Park West and Sixth Avenue in Manhattan, the north side of the Manhattan Bridge, and Fourth Avenue and the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn. During daytime hours, the D runs express between 145th Street in Manhattan and 36th Street–Fourth Avenue in Brooklyn and local elsewhere. During rush hours in the peak direction, the D also runs express between Fordham Road in the Bronx and 145th Street in Manhattan. Overnight D service is only express in Manhattan and local elsewhere. In its early years, the D ran to World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan via the lower IND Eighth Avenue Line. From 1954 to 1967, the D ran via the IND Culver Line to Coney Island. With the completion of the Chrystie Street Connection, service was rerouted via the BMT Brighton Line, running there from 1967 to 2001. A short-lived D service ran via the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan to the Brighton Line in Brooklyn, while D service used the Sixth Avenue, Central Park West, and Concourse Lines in Manhattan and the Bronx. == History == thumb|left|Sixth Avenue Subway Will Be Opened to the Public at 12:01 A.M. Sunday, Dec. 15, 1940 === Early history === thumb|right|A poster showing the temporary DD service that resulted from a water main break D service began on December 15, 1940, when the IND Sixth Avenue Line opened. It ran from 205th Street, the Bronx to World Trade Center (at that time called Hudson Terminal) on the IND Eighth Avenue Line at all times, switching between the IND Sixth Avenue to the Eighth Avenue Lines just south of West Fourth Street–Washington Square. Service ran express via the Concourse Line during rush hours. Two trains started service at Bedford Park Boulevard in the morning rush hour. D service was increased on October 24, 1949, in order to offset the discontinuation of C service, which ran express via the Concourse Line and the Eighth Avenue Line. After the morning rush hour on weekdays, several D trains terminated at Bedford Park Boulevard. On December 29, 1951, Saturday peak direction express service in the Bronx was discontinued, along with the discontinuation of Saturday CC local service. On October 30, 1954, the Culver Ramp opened, providing a connection between the IND South Brooklyn Line and BMT Culver Line. D service was rerouted via these two lines to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue with alternate trains running to Church Avenue during rush hours. On Saturdays, four round trips ran between 205th Street and Kings Highway. D trains replaced F service on the South Brooklyn Line, and were sent over the new connection as the first IND service to reach Coney Island. The service was announced as Concourse–Culver and advertised as direct Bronx–Coney Island service. On May 13, 1957, alternate D trains were cut back to Church Avenue during weekday middays. Between October 7, 1957 and 1959, four rush hour trains ran to Euclid Avenue via the IND Fulton Street Line when the D started being inspected at Pitkin Yard. Four trains left 205th Street between 7:20 and 8:10 a.m., and one left Bedford Park Boulevard at 8:53 a.m. These four trains returned between 3 and 5 p.m. During the morning rush hour, several northbound trains ended at Bedford Park Boulevard. These trains ran express along the Fulton Street Line if they ran during the hour that A trains ran express along the line. From December 4 to 27, 1962, a special service labeled DD was provided due to a water main break. It ran local from 205th Street, Bronx to 59th Street–Columbus Circle, then continued as a local down the Eighth Avenue Line to West Fourth Street, where it switched to the Sixth Avenue Line and continued on its normal route to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via the Culver Line. === Chrystie Street === File:D Train (1967-1979).svg 1967–1979 and 1989–present bullet On November 26, 1967, the Chrystie Street Connection opened, connecting the Sixth Avenue Line with the north tracks of the Manhattan Bridge and the BMT Southern Division lines in Brooklyn. In conjunction with this project, the new express tracks on the Sixth Avenue Line between West Fourth Street–Washington Square and 34th Street were opened, providing additional capacity for the extra trains on the IND via the connection. On this date, D service was switched over to BMT Brighton Line via this new connector, running express on weekdays to Brighton Beach and local to Stillwell Avenue at all other times. The D replaced Q service, which had run local in Brooklyn (except during morning rush hours and early evenings) and express on the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan, terminating at 57th Street. In Manhattan, it ran express from West 4th Street to 34th Street rush hours only, with the using the express tracks to relay when it terminated at West 4th Street at other times. Service on the Culver Line to Coney Island was replaced by extended F service. On July 1, 1968, it would become the full-time Sixth Avenue Express when non-rush hours service and new KK service was extended to the new 57th Street–Sixth Avenue station. On August 19, 1968, to reduce conflicts at the Brighton Beach terminal, D service was truncated to Brighton Beach when it ran express on the BMT Brighton Line (morning rush hours through early evenings, and QB (rush- hour peak direction only) and QJ (morning rush hours through early evenings) were extended from Brighton Beach to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue. In addition, the span of Manhattan-bound D express service was increased by two hours, with the last express leaving Brighton Beach at 7:37 p.m. Effective January 2, 1973, the daytime QJ was truncated to Broad Street as the J, and the M was extended beyond Broad Street during the day along the QJ's former route to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue, via the Montague Street Tunnel and Brighton Line local tracks. Also, changes were made to D and M service on the Brighton Line. Northbound weekday M train service originating at Kings Highway would begin at 5:46 a.m., while northbound service from Coney Island would begin at 6:34 a.m. From 5:40 to 6:34 a.m. northbound D trains would run local from Brighton Beach to Kings Highway, and then run express to Prospect Park. Late morning and early afternoon D trains would from then on run express from Brighton Beach to Kings Highway. The span of D express service to Brighton Beach was extended by 45 minutes to 9:05 p.m. from Prospect Park, and the span of M service from Broad Street to Coney Island was extended by 45 minutes over the span of QJ service to cover local stops. === Rehabilitation work === File:NYCS-bull-trans-D yellow.svg 1986–1988 Yellow D bullet, serving the BMT Broadway Line D service was divided and ran in two sections when the north tracks of the Manhattan Bridge closed on April 26, 1986 due to construction, with regular service expected to resume on October 26, 1986. The northern section ran between Norwood–205th Street in the Bronx and 34th Street–Herald Square (the orange D) while the southern section ran express on the BMT Broadway Line from 57th Street–Seventh Avenue to Canal Street, then crossed the south tracks of the Manhattan Bridge into Brooklyn, and operated local along the Brighton Line to Stillwell Avenue (the yellow D). Service to Grand Street was replaced by the S shuttle, which ran via the Sixth Avenue local to 57th Street–Sixth Avenue. At this time, the local tracks on the BMT Brighton Line also underwent reconstruction, necessitating the suspension of express service. As a substitute, the D and Q ran skip-stop service between Newkirk Avenue and Sheepshead Bay on weekdays. D trains served Neck Road, Avenue M, and Avenue H; the Q served Avenue U and Avenue J, and both trains served Kings Highway. The first skip-stop train left Brighton Beach at about 6:30 a.m. while the last one left 57th Street–Seventh Avenue at about 7:30 p.m. On weekday evenings, between 8 p.m. and 1 a.m., D trains made all local stops, except Parkside Avenue and Beverley Road where service was only available in one direction. During late nights and weekends, D trains ran express between Prospect Park and Kings Highway depending on which tracks were being worked on. By 1987, as reconstruction on the Brighton Line progressed, the weekday skip-stop pattern expanded to Prospect Park, with D trains serving Beverley Road while Q trains served Cortelyou Road and Parkside Avenue, with Church Avenue as a mutual station. On December 11, 1988, the north tracks of the Manhattan Bridge reopened and the two sections of the D joined together running via Sixth Avenue Express. The D now ran as the full-time Brighton Local to Stillwell Avenue. From April 30 to November 12, 1995, the Bridge's north tracks closed during middays and weekends and during these hours, D service was cut south of 34th Street-Herald Square. In its place, the Q ran local in Brooklyn to Stillwell Avenue. On July 22, 2001, the north tracks were closed at all times and the southern (Broadway Line) tracks reopened. D service was again cut below 34th Street–Herald Square. In Brooklyn, D service was replaced by local service. After September 11, 2001, service was suspended. On weekends, the D ran local on Central Park West north of 59th Street to fill in the gap in service caused by the suspension until September 21. On February 22, 2004, full service on the Manhattan Bridge was restored and D trains were extended via the north tracks of the bridge to Brooklyn, replacing the as the Fourth Avenue Express (late nights local) and West End Local to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue. The D was moved to the West End Line instead of returning to the Brighton Line, which it had run on since 1967, to provide 24-hour service to both the Concourse Line and West End Line and avoid running two separate (B and D) shortened services outside of weekdays. This eliminated the need to run late-night and weekend shuttles on the West End Line as was done prior to 2002. From May 24, 2004 to fall 2004, signal modernization on the IND Concourse Line required the suspension of D express service in the Bronx. From September 18, 2021 until January 24, 2022, southbound D trains terminated at Bay 50th Street so work could be completed to protect Coney Island Yard from flooding. The IND Concourse Line's express track was closed from July 2, 2022 to January 23, 2023, with D trains using the local tracks at all times. == In popular culture == * Bob Dylan's 1966 song "Visions of Johanna" includes the lyric "And the all-night girls, they whisper of escapades out on the D train." At the time, the D used the IND Culver Line to Coney Island. * Biz Markie's song "Pickin' Boogers" from his debut album Goin' Off features the line "I was chillin one day/with my partner Kane/headed up to the rooftop/ridin' the D train." * The opening track on Yoko Ono's 2009 album Between My Head and the Sky is titled "Waiting for the D Train". The D passes through 72nd Street (opposite her apartment in the Dakota Building) but never stops there, as it is a local station. * Beginning in the late 1980s, numerous Top 10 Lists on Late Night with David Letterman contained references to the D train as a punchline theme. * The service is mentioned in the song "Boogie Down "by Man Parrish Ft. Freeze Force (MC John Ski) raps the following line: "You take the D to 205th Then go see me 'cause I got the gift And I'm the cool MC with the vicious sounds I'm not from the Bronx, but I still Boogie Down". * The service is mentioned in the song "3 The Hard Way" by Beastie Boys. Adam Yauch raps the following line: "Used to ride the D to beat the morning bell at Edward R. Murrow out on Avenue L..." (Referring to Edward R. Murrow High School, where the D served the station closest to the school, Avenue M, until 2001, when it was replaced by the ). * The service is mentioned twice in the song "Stop That Train" by the Beastie Boys. Mike D and Adrock rap the following line: "Same faces every day, but you don't know their names, party people going places on the D train". Adam Yauch raps the following line: "Groggy-eyed and fried, and I'm headed for the station, D train ride to Coney Island vacation." * The eponymous character of Seinfeld uses the D train to go to Coney Island in the episode "The Subway". * The 1980s folk-pop trio The Washington Squares includes a song titled "D Train" on their eponymous 1987 debut album. * Type O Negative refer to the D train as the chosen transport to Brighton Beach, where lead singer Peter Steele will kill his girlfriend in their songs "Xero Tolerance", "Hey Pete", and "Kill You Tonight". * It is also mentioned in an episode of The Penguins of Madagascar called "Gone In A Flash" where the penguins go to rescue Maurice and have to travel through the subway system. Additionally, in the episode "Dr. Blowhole's Revenge", when Julien is kidnapped by the lobsters, Mort starts his travel to save him by taking the subway to Coney Island. * The D train is the setting of the Amazon Prime series Riding The D With Dr. Seeds. * The Man Against Crime episode "Third Rail" (S4E19) starring Ralph Bellamy was filmed on the D train and at the 207th Street Yard in 1953. * Jean-Michel Basquiat generated much interest in his graffiti art, which took the form of spray-painted aphorisms that were targeted at the D train. * Joji's 2015 single "Thom" refers to the line in the lyric - "I take the D train to go to BK", referencing the service to Brooklyn. == Route == === Service pattern === The following table shows the lines used by the D, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times: Line From To Tracks Times Times Times Line From To Tracks non- rush rush peak late nights IND Concourse Line (full line) Norwood–205th Street all IND Concourse Line (full line) Bedford Park Boulevard 145th Street express IND Concourse Line (full line) Bedford Park Boulevard 145th Street local IND Eighth Avenue Line 135th Street 59th Street–Columbus Circle express IND Sixth Avenue Line Seventh Avenue Broadway–Lafayette Street express Chrystie Street Connection Grand Street all Manhattan Bridge north BMT Fourth Avenue Line DeKalb Avenue bypass BMT Fourth Avenue Line bridge BMT Fourth Avenue Line Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center 36th Street express BMT Fourth Avenue Line Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center 36th Street local BMT West End Line (full line) Ninth Avenue Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue local === Stations === For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above. 20px|D service Stations Subway transfers Connections The Bronx Concourse Line Concourse Line Concourse Line Concourse Line Concourse Line Some a.m. rush hour trips to and from Brooklyn begin or end their runs at this station Bx12 Select Bus Service (IRT Jerome Avenue Line) Bx6 Select Bus Service Express trains that normally bypass this station will stop when an event is being held at Yankee Stadium Manhattan (IND Eighth Avenue Line) Eighth Avenue Line Eighth Avenue Line Eighth Avenue Line Eighth Avenue Line Eighth Avenue Line M60 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) Sixth Avenue Line Sixth Avenue Line Sixth Avenue Line Sixth Avenue Line Sixth Avenue Line (IND Queens Boulevard Line) 20px|alt=Elevator access to mezzanine only (IRT Flushing Line at ) (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at , daytime only) (BMT Broadway Line at , daytime only) (42nd Street Shuttle at , daytime only) (IND Eighth Avenue Line at , daytime only) (BMT Broadway Line) M34 / M34A Select Bus Service PATH at Amtrak, LIRR, NJ Transit at Pennsylvania Station (IND Eighth Avenue Line) PATH at (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at ) Chrystie Street Branch Chrystie Street Branch Chrystie Street Branch Chrystie Street Branch Chrystie Street Branch Brooklyn Fourth Avenue Line Fourth Avenue Line Fourth Avenue Line Fourth Avenue Line Fourth Avenue Line (BMT Brighton Line) (IRT Eastern Parkway Line) LIRR Atlantic Branch at Atlantic Terminal (IND Culver Line at ) West End Line West End Line West End Line West End Line West End Line (BMT Sea Beach Line at ) B82 Select Bus Service (IND Culver Line) (BMT Sea Beach Line) (BMT Brighton Line) == Notes == == References == == External links == * MTA NYC Transit – D Sixth Avenue Express * * # # Category:New York City Subway services
+D is the first live album released by brazilian rock band Os Paralamas do Sucesso at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland. ==Track listing== All songs written by Herbert Vianna, except where noted: #"Será Que Vai Chover" - 5:28 #"Alagados" (Bi Ribeiro, João Barone, Herbert Vianna) - 7:15 #"Ska" - 2:55 #"Óculos" - 7:05 #"O Homem" (Bi Ribeiro, Herbert Vianna) - 4:32 #"Selvagem" (Bi Ribeiro, João Barone, Herbert Vianna) - 4:51 #"Charles, Anjo 45" (Jorge Ben Jor) - 4:47 #"A Novidade" (Bi Ribeiro, João Barone, Gilberto Gil, Herbert Vianna) - 4:08 #"Meu Erro" - 4:18 #"Será Que Vai Chover?" (studio version) - 5:08 ==Personnel== *Herbert Vianna - vocals, guitar *Bi Ribeiro - bass guitar *João Barone - drums, percussion *João Fera - keyboards *George Israel - saxophone in "Ska" ==References== Category:Os Paralamas do Sucesso live albums Category:1987 live albums Category:EMI Records live albums
+D is the fourth full-length studio album by the Texan band White Denim, released by Downtown Records on May 24, 2011 to wide critical acclaim. == History == After their third studio album, Fits, White Denim made some changes: they expanded from a power trio to a four-piece, adding a second guitarist Austin Jenkins and came to use more sophisticated studio. "First and foremost the gear we were using, it kind of brought out different performances. Before we were in a trailer, using a lot of lo-fi equipment to try to stretch it out, and with this one we played in a really nice studio and had access to things we hadn’t before, and we were kind of hearing everything much more clearly and it got different performances out of us," James Petralli said in an interview. This new approach, according to Allmusic, resulted in a work marked by "warmer, acoustic spirit and a more expansive, swirly psychedelic style". Speaking of a newcomer, James Petralli credited Jenkins with having "brought a lightness and sense of humor back to the group". "I think for a short while we were running the risk of losing that, which is crazy because fun and laughter have always been such an essential part of our collaboration," the singer/guitarist added. He discarded any doubts concerning the 'studio experience' which might have had any detrimental effect upon a band's collective psyche: "I don't feel like any of the 'soul' was lost. The quality of the equipment and environment should have an impact on the music, and it certainly did on this record". == Critical reception == Upon its release, D received critical acclaim from music critics. Aggregating website AnyDecentMusic? reports a score of 7.7 based on 22 professional reviews. AllMusic calls this "laboriously constructed" album "a masterpiece". The new production value (and occasional flute solo or dreamy string arrangement) did "nothing to water down the band's muscular interplay," according to Jason Lymangrover. A reviewer calls bassist Steve Terebecki and drummer Josh Block "one of the most badass rhythm sections this side of Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding", and praises guitarists Jenkins and James Petralli for playing off one another perfectly, "intertwining jazzy guitar noodling, prog scales, and rock riffs." "Everything is tightly structured, and melodies are of the highest importance, especially in the album's explosive single 'Drug,' which blends a raw groove and Southern Americana slack along with Summer of Love lyrics," the critic writes. According to Rolling Stone, White Denim are "...like a jam band that refuses to be boring", mixing sublimely "psychedelia, hardblues, boogie, prog rock and fusion riffs like inspired kids weaned on 64GB iPods and 64-ounce Slurpees" in a way that "often recalls late-Sixties Grateful Dead, when their songs still had garage-rock drive but were exploding every which way." "The freakouts are mathematically calibrated, come with joyous hooks, and can coalesce into something conventionally heroic," notes Uncut magazine. The album has been described as "White Denim's most thrillingly off-kilter record to date" and "another joyous rampage through rock's dusty attic" by Mojo and Q critics, respectively. Uncut placed the album at number 4 on its list of "Top 50 albums of 2011", while Mojo, NME, and Rolling Stone ranked it 6, 37, and 46, respectively. This album peaked #16 on the top heatseekers albums chart. The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. ==Track listing== All songs written and arranged by White Denim, except for "Burnished", written by White Denim and Lucas Anderson, and "Keys", written by White Denim with string arrangement by Jonathan Geer. ==Personnel== :James Petralli – vocals, guitars :Austin Jenkins – guitars :Steven Terebecki – bass guitar :Joshua Block – drums and percussion, mixing engineer (tracks 1, 2, 3, 6 and 8) :Danny Reisch – engineer :Mike McCarthy – producer, engineer (track 7), mixing engineer (tracks 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10) :Jim Vollentine – assistant engineer :Alex Coke – flute (track 6) :Heather Anderson – viola (track 10) :Amy Harris – viola (track 10) :Elizabeth S. Lee – cello (track 10) :Brian Hall – violin (track 10) :Emily Lazar – mastering engineer :Joe LaPorta – mastering engineer :Michael Hammett – artwork designer, photography :Bobby Weiss – photography ==References== Category:2011 albums Category:White Denim albums Category:Downtown Records albums
+is a Japanese visual kei metal/rock band formed in 2003 by Asagi, Ruiza and Sin, after their previous band Syndrome disbanded.Visunavi Profile Retrieved September 8, 2007. D's music includes heavy guitar songs, as well as melancholic ballads and even medieval music and folk dance from around the world. Their lyrics focus on love, human nature and esoteric themes, such as spirituality and the relationship between persons and nature, and their costumes are closely related to the stories they tell. Their styling matches their music: fantastical, gothic and elegant. == History == === 2003–2005: Formation and The Name of the Rose === In March 2003, D was formed with their initial lineup of vocalist Asagi, guitarist Ruiza, drummer Hiroki, guitarist Sin, and bassist Rena. They released their first EP, New Blood on July 18. Shortly before the release, Sin quit D, and not long after, Ruiza had to leave the band due to undisclosed health issues. D went on a short pause of activities from that point, however Asagi and Hiroki continued to play concerts under the name "Night of the Children" with a support guitarist, Tetsu. Meanwhile, Sin decided to leave the music scene and Hiroki called a former band member, Hide-Zou, to fill in. Once Ruiza was released from the hospital on September 27, D officially resumed activities with Hide-Zou replacing Sin on guitar. Two months after their reunion, they recorded their first single "Alice" which was given away for free at only one show in Tokyo that November. "Alice" was released as a single on November 27. On January 7 of the following year, they released their second EP: Paradox, which reached 13th place on the Oricon indies chart. During 2004, D released another EP Yume Narishi Kuuchuu Teien, as well as a single entitled "Mayutsuki no Hitsugi", which was only for sale at three concerts in November, in Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka. They also released a remastered version of their first EP, with a previously unreleased track "Gareki no Hana". New Blood: Second Impact was released on December 8 of that year, quickly followed by their fourth single, "Mahiru no Koe: Synchronicity". In 2005, Rena remained in the band long enough to release one more single and promotional video, "Yami Yori Kurai Doukoku no a Capella to Bara Yori Akai Jounetsu no Aria". On July 27, after finishing the recording of the forthcoming album, Rena left the band and Hide-Zou recorded bass for that release. They released their first full album titled The Name of the Rose on September 28 in two versions, each packaged with a DVD containing a different promotional video. D launched their own publication called Mad Tea Party Magazine on August 7. === 2006–2007: New lineup, Tafel Anatomie and Neo culture: Beyond the world === thumb|right|The band's logotype, used since 2006. On December 5, 2005, Tsunehito joined as the new bassist. The band re- released their first full album: The Name of the Rose, with re-recorded bass tracks by Tsunehito. The updated album contained three extra tracks: "Shiroi Yoru", "Tsukiyo no Renka", and "Mayutsuki no Hitsugi". Keeping with the trend of remastering their old albums, in 2006 D re-released their EPs Paradox and Yume Narishi Kuchuu Teien. The latter came with two additional tracks that were previously unreleased. Their seventh single, "Taiyou wo Okuru Hi", was released in two types: a limited edition with the promotional video for the title track, and a regular edition with an instrumental version of the title track. Two months later they released their second album, Tafel Anatomie on October 18, which ranked 36th on the Oricon weekly chart. In 2007, D launched an official fan club, Ultimate Lover, and released their first DVD of live concert footage, Tafel Anatomie: Tour 2006 Final on March 14. Soon after, the band announced in-store events and a three-date tour in Osaka, Nagoya, and Tokyo on their website to support their "Dearest You" single to be released on April 25. In the summer, D had a dual single release campaign, with "Ouka Sakisomenikeri" released on July 18 and "Schwarzschild" on August 15. On November 7, they released their third full-length album Neo culture: Beyond the world with an expanded version of their usual multiple-version marketing tactic; buyers could choose from two special editions each containing a DVD with different promotional video, and a regular edition with a thirty-six page booklet. === 2008–2010: Major label debut, Genetic World and 7th Rose === D signed with the major record label Avex Trax in 2008. Their last indies tour was called "Follow Me", and a DVD of footage from the final concert was released later in July. Their first major single called "Birth" was released on May 7. Their second major single, "Yami no Kuni no Alice/Hamon", was released on September 3. The title track was used as the theme for the movie Twilight Syndrome: Dead-Go-Round, and the b-side track "Hamon" was used as the ending theme for the Nintendo DS game Twilight Syndrome. Their first major label-sponsored concert entitled "Birth: Sora e no Kaiki" was held on August 8, followed by their year's end "Alice in Dark Edge" tour. Their first activity of 2009 was the release of their third major single, "Snow White". Then on February 25, they released their fourth full-length album titled Genetic World. In the months following, they released a special combination concert photo book and live album "D Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final", and a live DVD: D Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge in March. D's tour for Genetic World kicked off in April 2009 and ended that May. In September, Asagi opened a website for his company Rosen Kranz (God Child Records). Soon they announced the revival of Mad Tea Party Magazine, and it was decided that the eleventh volume and eighth special edition photo book would be released on October 13. D's fourth major single "Tightrope" was released on September 23. A previously unreleased song "Day by Day" was soon announced to be the theme song for a dating simulation game for Japanese mobile phones called LoveφSummit, part of the Neo Romance series from KOEI, as well as the title track of a new single that was to be released on December 2. The band's first single of 2010, "Kaze ga Mekuru Peji", was used as the opening theme for the television drama Shinsengumi Peacemaker, aired on TBS and MBS, and was scheduled for sale on March 10. Their fifth album, titled 7th Rose in honor of their seven years of activity,7th Rose promotional page at Rosen Kranz Retrieved June 10, 2007. was released later that month. A compilation DVD: D 1st Video Clips containing footage from their short television program Bara no Yakata, and several promotional videos from their independent and major releases was also released on March 31. Their single, "In the Name of Justice", was released on November 17, 2010. It featured two special editions, one carrying the song's PV, other packing "the making of" the title track, also including "Grand Master", and a regular edition featuring "Yoru no Me to Ginyushijin". === 2011–2012: World tour and Vampire Saga === On January 12, 2011, D released their sixth album called Vampire Saga. D covered Malice Mizer's song "Gekka no Yasoukyoku" for the compilation: Crush! -90's V-Rock Best Hit Cover Songs-. The album was released on January 26, 2011, and features current visual kei bands covering songs from bands that were important to the '90s visual kei movement. In the spring of 2011, D did its first overseas tour through Torpedo Productions, in May the group visited Europe and played with the tour name "VAMPIRE SAGA in Europe - 'Path of the Rose'". They visited France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Russia, England and Finland, and were at Project A-Kon 2011 in Texas. After returning to Japan, they released the single "Torikago Goten ~L'Oiseau bleu~" and created their official Facebook page. On November 21 the same year, the band released their new mini album titled Huang Di ~Yami ni Umareta Mukui~, the release was limited and sold out quickly thanks to the group's expanding fanbase and popularity. On April 20, 2012, was the first stop of D's second European tour. To promote their new single "Dying Message" and also to again feel the energy of their western fans. Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Poland, Italy, Austria, Russia and Finland was on the tour schedule. Last show was May 9 in Russia. Following this, they embarked on their first South American Tour (Chile, Brazil and Argentina) in May. After the tour the group released the single "Dying Message" on May 30, 2012. On July 18, D released the single "Danzai no Gunner". In the PV to "Danzai no Gunner", Asagi (vocal) used a gun for the first time to save Tsunehito (bass) from a mad doctor. From July to August the band did a promotion tour called "Danzai no Gunner". On October 18, the band released a documentary DVD about their visit in Europe "Dying message ~2012 Overseas Odyssey Tour Documentary & Off-Shot". On November 4, the band appeared on YouTube on the Online TV-show (visual kei)Viju Love Cafe, where they promoted their latest PV for "Namonaki Mori no Yumegatari". On November 14, the band released their latest EP called Namonaki Mori no Yumegatari with songs including "Hikari no Niwa", "Canis Lupus" and "Like a Black Cat - Mujitsu No Tsumi". The musicians are still in their infant years, reaching out into the world and broadening the visual kei stage. === 2013–2014: 10th Anniversary and Kingdom === In April 2013, around the celebration of their 10th anniversary, D released news about joining the major label Victor Entertainment. They released Treasure box, a greatest hits album which includes songs from their times under God Child Records label. Later that year, they released Bloody Rose "Best Collection 2007-2011", which includes material from their Avex Trax era. In May 2013, the band started their 10th anniversary tour. Between May 1 till 5th each band member had a show where their played their personal favorites from the band's many songs. The next 5 dates each had a show for each big record the band had released during their 10 years of performing. The band has expressed interest for a new tour in Europe. In July 2013, the band began touring Japan and visiting each of the members home towns in celebration of their major label signing with a new visual for "Rosenstrauss", focusing the theme of the tour on the character "Rosalie" of their vampire story. Hiroki collaborated with many musicians on Dead End's tribute album, specifically on the song "Dress Burning". On March 26, 2014, the band released new Best of album titled D Vampire Chronicle: V-Best Selection. Their seventh full-length album titled Kingdom was released on November 12, 2014. This album, it will continue D's popular vampire story, but is also described as a musical biography of the band: "beautiful, violent and transcending genre boundaries". D has announced that they went on an activity pause next year after finishing their 47-prefectures live tour due to worsening of vocalist Asagi's temporomandibular joint disorder. === 2015–present: Wonderland Savior === D's hiatus ended in mid 2015. On December 9, 2015, they released a new single "Master Key". This single continues the "Alice in Wonderland" theme that also ran through D's previous single "Happy Unbirthday", which was released in September. D held a tour also named "MASTER KEY" starting from November, they held the tour final at Akasaka Blitz (with the guests: Hello Kitty and My Melody) on December 11. On April 27, 2016, Asagi released a major debut solo single titled "Seventh Sense/屍の王者/アンプサイ". It features many well-known artists, including Hiro and Shuse of La'cryma Christi, Sakura of Zigzo, Hitoki of Kuroyume, Keiichi Miyako of Sophia, Ken Morioka of Soft Ballet, Sakito of Nightmare, Shinya of Dir En Grey, Shinya of Luna Sea, K-A-Z of Sads and many more. On October 26, D released their first album after their return from hiatus. They released their eighth album called Wonderland Savior. == Members == *, born on August 29, 1974, in Noshiro, Akita, is the vocalist, lyricist, and one of the main songwriters of D. Previously in the bands Balsamic (1994–1997), Je*Reviens (1998–2001), and Syndrome (2001–2002), he was also in a side project called Kochou with Tinc's drummer Takuma, formerly known as Shion in Syndrome. He founded the company record label God Child Records in 2006, under which D released most of their independent era works. He released a solo single that year entitled "Corvinus", and also developed a perfume of the same name, under the God Child subsidiary Rosen Kranz. *, D's guitarist and other main songwriter, was born on February 18, 1979, in Itami, Hyougo. He was previously in the bands Distray (1996–1999), Laybial (1999–2000), and Syndrome. Ruiza has also released three solo EPs: Ao no Hahen in 2002,amenity gain in 2006 and abyss in 2012 (the latter two stylized without capitals). *, born in Kanagawa on November 19, 1977, is the second guitarist of D. He was previously in the bands Lapis (1995–1997), Clair de Lune (1997–2000), As'Real (2000–2002), and S to M (2002–2003). *, D's current bass player, was born on March 5, 1984, in Yokohama, Kanagawa. His previous bands include Relude (2001–2003), Givuss (2003–2004), and Scissor (2004–2005). * was born on July 20, 1975, in Gunma, and is the drummer of D. He was previously in the bands Overtaker (1998–2000), Michiru Project (2001–2001), Aioria (2001–2002), and S to M (2002–2003). File:D_Asagi.jpg| File:D_Ruiza.jpg| File:D_Hide-Zou.jpg| File:D_Tsunehito.jpg| File:D_Hiroki.jpg| ;Timeline == Influence == Asagi said that X Japan, Luna Sea, Malice Mizer, L'Arc~en~Ciel, and Buck-Tick are the Japanese bands that influenced them the most. Asagi's favorite singers are women, naming Enya, Björk, and Amy Lee of Evanescence. Hiroki's favorites bands are Skid Row and Dream Theater, while Ruiza picked X Japan and Dream Theater, and Hide-Zou chose Luna Sea. Tsunehito's favorite Japanese bands are Kuroyume and Buck- Tick. Ruiza and Hide-Zou stated that they were influenced by Kouichi from Laputa.「MTPM05 Special Program! SPECIAL TALK BATTLE Everlasting-K x Ruiza & HIDE-ZOU」. 『Mad tea party MAGAZINE』, No. 5, pp. 63-67, 7 2006. == Discography == === Singles === * "Alice" (November 27, 2003) * "Yume Narishi Kuuchuu Teien" (夢なりし空中庭園) (May 12, 2004) * "Mayutsuki no Hitsugi" (繭月の棺) (November 4, 2004) * "Mahiru no Koe ~Synchronicity~" (真昼の声 ~Synchronicity~) (January 12, 2005) * "Shiroi Yoru" (白い夜) (February 17, 2005) * "Yami Yori Kurai Doukoku no Acapella to Bara Yori Akai Jounetsu no Aria" (闇より暗い慟哭のアカペラと薔薇より赤い情熱のアリア) (June 22, 2005) Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 81www.oricon.co.jp D Oricon Weekly Singles Ranking Retrieved February 20, 2011 * "Taiyou wo Okuru hi" (太陽を葬（おく）る日) (August 3, 2006) * "Dearest You" (April 25, 2007), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 43 * "Ouka Saki Some ni Keri" (桜花咲きそめにけり) (July 18, 2007) * "Schwarzschild" (August 15, 2007) * "Birth" (May 7, 2008), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 8 * "Yami no Kuni no Alice/Hamon" (闇の国のアリス/波紋) (September 3, 2008), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 9 * "Snow White" (January 21, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 6 * "Tightrope" (September 23, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 9 * "Day by Day" (December 2, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 16 * "Kaze ga Mekuru Page" (風がめくる頁) (March 10, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 22 * "Akaki Hitsuji ni Yoru Bansankai" (赤き羊による晩餐会) (July 28, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 24 * "In the name of justice" (November 17, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 22 * "Torikago Goten ~L'Oiseau Bleu~" (鳥籠御殿 ~L’Oiseau bleu~) (July 28, 2011) * "Huang Di ~Yami ni Umareta Mukui~" (皇帝 ~闇に生まれた報い~) (November 21, 2011) * "Nyanto-shippo "De"!?" (February 13, 2012) * "Ultimate lover" (February 13, 2012) * "Dying Message" (May 30, 2012) * "Danzai no Gunner" (断罪の銃士) (July 18, 2012) * "Bon Voyage!" (April 12, 2013) * "Rosenstrauss" (August 28, 2013) * "Dark wings" (December 11, 2013) * "Taiyou o Se ni Shite" (太陽を背にして) (December 15, 2013) * "Tsuki no Sakazuki" (月の杯) (July 23, 2014) * "Dandelion" (December 13, 2014) * "Happy Unbirthday" (September 16, 2015) * "Master Key" (December 9, 2015) * "Himitsu kessha K club" (秘密結社 K倶楽部) (July 16, 2016) === Mini albums === === Studio albums === * The Name of the Rose (September 28, 2005) Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 85 ** The Name of the Rose – Remastered Edition (February 8, 2006), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 83 * Tafel Anatomie (October 18, 2006), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 36 * Neo Culture: Beyond the World (November 7, 2007), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 31 * Genetic World (February 25, 2009), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 11 * 7th Rose (March 24, 2010), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 37 * Vampire Saga (January 12, 2011), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 29 * Kingdom (November 12, 2014) * Wonderland Savior (October 26, 2016) === Live albums === * Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final (March 18, 2009) === Compilation albums === * Treasure Box (April 7, 2013) * Bloody Rose "Best Collection 2007-2011" (August 21, 2013) * D Vampire Chronicle: V-Best Selection (March 26, 2014) === DVDs === * Tafel Anatomie: Tour 2006 Final (March 14, 2007) * Last Indies Tour 2008 Final: Follow Me (July 30, 2008) * Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final (March 18, 2009) * D 1st Video Clips (March 31, 2010) * In the Name of Justice Tour Final 2010 (April 27, 2011) * D Tour 2011 Vampire Saga ~Path of the Rose~ (October 20, 2011) * Dying message: 2012 Overseas Odyssey Tour Documentary & Off-Shot (October 18, 2012) * D 10th Anniversary Special Premium Live 2013 "Bon Voyage!" (October 30, 2013) * D Tour 2013 Rosenstrauss Documentary DVD (October 7, 2014) * 47 Todoufuken Tour Final At Maihama Amphitheater (March 18, 2015) * Ultimate lover Dai Nijyu-ichi ya (Ultimate lover 第二十一夜) (April 29, 2015) * D Tour 2015 Master Key Tour Document & 3songs Live (April 6, 2016) * Happy Unbirthday 2015.8.29 Akasaka BLITZ (April 6, 2016) == References == == External links == * * Mad Tea Party official website Category:CJ Victor Entertainment artists Category:Gan-Shin artists Category:Visual kei musical groups Category:Japanese hard rock musical groups Category:Musical groups established in 2003 Category:Musical groups from Kanagawa Prefecture Category:Japanese progressive metal musical groups Category:Japanese symphonic metal musical groups Category:Japanese gothic metal musical groups
+D is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language crime thriller film directed by Vishram Sawant, co-written by Manish Gupta and Ram Gopal Varma. Produced by Varma and Ronnie Screwvala, it was released in India on 3 June 2005. It is the third film in the Gangster film series. The film is a sequel to Varma's 2002 film Company. Like its predecessor, D is based on the real-life Mumbai underworld organization, the D-Company. The three Varma films Satya, Company and D are together considered an Indian Gangster Trilogy. The film features Randeep Hooda in his first lead appearance. ==Plot== Deshu (Randeep Hooda), a mechanic working in Dubai, returns to India after his mother's death in order to console his grieving sister and retired police constable father. Sometime later, Deshu unwittingly becomes the witness to a murder, when the henchmen of a gang led by Mangli, chase and kill a man in front of him. Even though he is aggressively pursued by the police to be a state witness, Deshu chooses not to testify after the gang intimidates and threatens him. Seeking revenge for the harassment, he joins a rival gang, led by Hashim, and ultimately kills Mangli. Due to his bravery and intelligence, Deshu quickly rises up the ranks, becoming the gang's unofficial second-in-command, much to the dismay of Hashim's two sons, Mukarram and Shabbir. Deshu begins a relationship with beautiful Bollywood actress, Bhakti Bhatnagar, after protecting her from sexual harassment by a male colleague, an association which opens him up to connections that go above and beyond the level of the gang. Resentful of his meteoric rise to power and his glamorous relationship, Mukarram and Shabbir begin to plot his demise. They plant the seeds of doubt in Hashim's mind and try to turn their father against his once most trusted member. At the same time, the Mumbai Police have begun to monitor Deshu and assign an Encounter Specialist to the case, in the hopes of bringing him down. Hashim finally relents and allows his sons to carry out an unwarranted attack on Deshu and his friend and partner, Raghav. Raghav and others are killed while Deshu survives; hellbent on revenge. He takes on the gang single-handedly and eliminates those involved in this attempted assassination one by one until he finally kills Mukarram and Shabbir. He intentionally spares the life of Hashim, since he is aware that Hashim has nothing left and will never be able to rebuild his gang again - effectively condemning him to a life of prolonged misery. Deshu, having successfully established himself as a crime lord and managing to evade the police on many occasions, crowns himself the Underworld King, and dreams of forming the "D" company - an organized crime syndicate which he plans to run like a well-tuned machine from outside India's borders. ==Cast== *Randeep Hooda as Deshu *Rukhsar Rehman as Bhakti Bhatnagar *Chunky Pandey as Raghav *Isha Koppikar as Gunjan *Goga Kapoor as Hashim Bhai *Yashpal Sharma as Shabbir *Sushant Singh as Mukarram *Raju Mavani as Mangli * Ishrat Ali as Tambe * Jaspal Sandhu as Uncle *Zakir Hussain as Babban Tikkekar *Deepak Shirke as Qureshi *Rajpal Yadav as Dance Artiste ==References== ==Further reading== * * * * * * * * ==External links== * * Category:2005 films Category:Indian gangster films Category:Indian crime thriller films Category:Indian sequel films Category:2005 crime thriller films Category:Films about organised crime in India Category:Films set in Mumbai Category:D-Company Category:UTV Motion Pictures films Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police Category:2005 directorial debut films Category:2000s Hindi- language films Category:Hindi-language crime thriller films
+D"D note", basicmusictheory.com is a musical note a whole tone above C, and is known as Re within the fixed-Do solfege system. Its enharmonic equivalents are C (C-double sharp) and E (E-double flat). It is the third semitone of the solfège. When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of middle D (D4) is approximately 293.665 Hz. See pitch for a discussion of historical variations in frequency. ==Designation by octave== Scientific designation Helmholtz designation Octave name Frequency (Hz) D−1 D͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵D or DDDD Subsubcontra D0 D͵͵ or ͵͵D or DDD Subcontra D1 D͵ or ͵D or DD Contra D2 D Great D3 d Small D4 d One-lined D5 d Two-lined D6 d Three-lined D7 d Four-lined D8 d Five-lined D9 d Six-lined D10 d Seven-lined ==Scales== ===Common scales beginning on D=== * D major: D E F G A B C D * D harmonic major: D E F G A B C D * D melodic major ascending: D E F G A B C D * D melodic major descending: D C B A G F E D * D natural minor: D E F G A B C D * D harmonic minor: D E F G A B C D * D melodic minor ascending: D E F G A B C D * D melodic minor descending: D C B A G F E D ===Diatonic scales=== * D Ionian: D E F G A B C D * D Dorian: D E F G A B C D * D Phrygian: D E F G A B C D * D Lydian: D E F G A B C D * D Mixolydian: D E F G A B C D * D Aeolian: D E F G A B C D * D Locrian: D E F G A B C D ===Jazz melodic minor=== * D ascending melodic minor: D E F G A B C D * D Dorian ♭2: D E F G A B C D * D Lydian augmented: D E F G A B C D * D Lydian dominant: D E F G A B C D * D Mixolydian ♭6: D E F G A B C D * D Locrian ♮2: D E F G A B C D * D altered: D E F G A B C D ==See also== * Piano key frequencies * D major * D minor * Root (chord) ==References== Category:Musical notes
+D is the sixth single album by South Korean band Big Bang, and the third from their Made Series. ==Background== The first poster of D was released on June 26, with the name of the title track, and the date of album release. The second poster with the second title track was released on the next day June 27. The two new songs were released on July 1, and the physical album will be released on the 7th. The release is supported by a live countdown on Naver Starcast on 30 June, 11 pm. ==Commercial performance== In less than 20 hours D sold over 500,000 copies in China. In only three days the album sold over 650,000 in China, making a record of the fastest selling album in China. After only 9 days the album sold over 800,000 copies and become the best selling album for Bigbang in China. Both singles sold over half million copies in the first week in South Korea. On August 1, 2016 the album reached 1 million digital sales in China. As of March 2017, the album has sold over 1.3 million copies on QQ Music, making it one of the best-selling digital albums in Chinese history. It charted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart on July 16, the album sold on July 89,017 copies. In Japan the album debuted at number 16, with total 4,917 copies sold. On YouTube, the video included on billboard's Most Viewed K-Pop Videos in America & Around the World in June, peaking No.9 on both America and World, with only counting less than 24 hours views. ==Reception== Before the releasing of the singles Tablo from Epik High called "If You" breathtaking, while "Sober" a song that "kicks asses". Yang Hyun-suk named "If You" the saddest song that BIGBANG has ever made. Billboard talked about "If You", saying that it was the "band's most instantly striking pieces in years." Osen talked about the mix between fun and sadness in the album, and how only BigBang can make it work, "Utmost tenderness and fun and exciting feelings are all mixed together in the song. Following the BIGBANG style but new, it was the pinnacle of BIGBANG style.", they called "If You" "is the saddest song ever in BIGBANG's history" and "Sober", "a song that everyone can enjoy cheerfully." G-Dragon received good reviews for his writing, "G-Dragon shows of his formidible songwriting chops, evoking the complexity of "Lies" or "Haru Haru"." Also calling D one of the best releases from MADE Series. ==Promotion== The first live performance was during their Made Tour in Bangkok, Thailand on July 11, 2015. == Track listing == ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2015) Peak position Japanese Albums (Oricon) 16 Japanese Western Albums (Oricon) 1 South Korean Albums (Gaon) 1 Taiwan East Asia Albums (G-Music) 1 === Monthly charts === Chart (July 2015) Peak position South Korean Albums (Gaon) 4 === Year-end charts === Chart (2015) Position South Korean Albums (Gaon) 26 ==Sales== Chart Sales South Korea (Gaon) 91,201 Japan (Oricon) 8,853 ==Release history== Region Date Format Label Worldwide July 1, 2015 Digital download YG South Korea July 1, 2015 Digital download YG South Korea July 7, 2015 CD Japan July 8, 2015 Digital download YGEX Taiwan July 14, 2015 CD Warner Music Taiwan ==References== ==External links== * *Big Bang Official Website Category:BigBang (South Korean band) albums Category:2015 albums Category:YG Entertainment albums Category:Avex Group albums Category:Korean-language albums Category:Single albums Category:Albums produced by Teddy Park Category:Albums produced by G-Dragon
+D is a horror-themed interactive movie and adventure game developed by Warp and directed by Kenji Eno. It was first published by Panasonic for the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer in 1995, later being ported to the Sega Saturn, PlayStation, and MS-DOS. The story follows Laura Harris as she goes to investigate a hospital after learning her father went on a mass murdering spree and barricaded himself inside. The hospital morphs into a castle upon her arrival, which she must explore to find her father. The player controls Laura through computer generated full-motion video (FMV) sequences, and must complete the game within two hours without a save or pause function. Development lasted about one year and was primarily done with Amiga 4000 computers to create the FMVs. It would be the first major release for the still-unknown Eno and Warp, and so Eno felt that if it were not successful he would retire from game development. He added scenes of violence and cannibalism to make the game more striking, however he believed the content would be too extreme for censors or publishers and feared the game would not be permitted for publishing. To ensure these scenes would not be censored, Eno submitted a "clean" version for late publisher approval, knowing they would require him to deliver the game to the manufacturer. On his way to the manufacturer, he switched the clean version with his master version containing the more disturbing content. The game was a commercial and critical success in Japan, selling a million copies and receiving a special edition re-release. Critics in the West praised D's horror elements, story, graphics, and presentation. Reviewers of the 3DO version found it to be one of the best games on the platform. For the PlayStation release, Sony did not print enough copies to match pre-orders. Eno was very upset with this, and would later take revenge on Sony by releasing his later games exclusively on Sega platforms. Warp dubbed the CG model for Laura Harris a "digital actress" and had "her" play different characters in two later games, Enemy Zero (1996) and D2 (1999), the stories for which are unrelated to D. Modern retrospectives find D less appealing, but still commend it for its place in history as a unique blend of cinema and gaming and an early example of mature horror game design. ==Gameplay== thumb|Laura finding an item for a puzzle|left D is an interactive movie which features adventure game elements, a horror genre storyline, and heavy use of full motion video. The player takes on the role of Laura Harris, played by a "digital actress" named Laura that appears in games by Warp, although the stories are unrelated. The player directs Laura's movements as she explores the game's environment, solves puzzles, and unravels the story. The movements occur through FMV sequences as she walks to the desired location, from where the player is greeted with a static screen which may contain items they can interact with or other paths to direct Laura. There is no save or pause function, and after two real-time hours, the other world will be closed off and Laura will be pulled back to the real world, ending the game. Depending on the player's actions, there are different endings. ==Plot== Taking place in 1997, the story begins when Laura Harris is contacted by Los Angeles police, receiving a disturbing message: her father, Dr. Richter Harris, director of the Los Angeles National Hospital, has gone on a mass murdering spree and barricaded himself in the hospital. Laura rushes to the scene of the crime, desperate to find an explanation for the well-respected doctor's actions. Upon entering the hospital, she is so horrified at the murdered bodies lying about the halls that she covers her eyes. When she uncovers them again, she finds herself in an unknown medieval castle. Unwilling to give up her search, Laura continues through the dark corridors of the castle. While attempting to find her father, she experiences a series of flashbacks of her mother being stabbed to death. Laura's father (taking the form of apparitions) warns her to leave, saying that staying too long means being stuck in the alternate reality forever. He warns that he will soon become an emotionless monster and will eventually try to kill her. Still shaken, Laura proceeds to find her father. Ultimately, Laura finds her father residing at the peak tower of the castle. He reveals the sordid past of his family: Laura and her father are part of a bloodline of cannibalistic vampires, dating back to the infamous Dracula. Driven by her vampiric urges, Laura killed and ate her mother years ago, but it was erased from her memory by her father. As Dr. Harris demands Laura to leave one last time, he begins to transform into a vampire. If the player approaches Dr. Harris at this point, he will consume Laura's flesh and fully transform. However, if the player shoots Dr. Harris with a revolver that can be found earlier in the game, the bullet will kill him and stop his transformation. As Laura tearfully cradles her dying father in her arms, he confesses that he allowed the transformation to occur out of scientific curiosity and thanks her for stopping him. With his death, the realm created by his mind fades and is replaced by the normal surroundings of the hospital. ==Development and release== thumb|right|Kenji Eno, president of Warp and lead director of D, seen here in 2007 Development of D lasted about one year and was directed by Warp president Kenji Eno. Eno was heavily inspired by Polarware's Transylvania adventure game series and he believes D would have never been created if it were not for playing those games. Eno and Warp were still relatively unknown in the industry, and D would be their first major title. With this in mind, Eno felt that he was gambling his development career on D, and if it were not successful he would stop developing games. There were three phases to D's development: the adventure game structure, the story creation, and finally violence was added. Since the adventure gameplay was largely finished before the story began to take fruition, flashbacks were added to detail the plot. The plot was largely based on that of Dracula, but Eno found it too boring, and so added violence and cannibalism to make the game more striking. The FMVs were created using Amiga 4000s. Eno believed D's violent cannibalistic themes would be deemed taboo or too horrifying by others and was worried the game would not be permitted for publishing. With this in mind, Eno kept many of the violent sequences a secret, including from other members of Warp. When the game was finished, he submitted a "clean" version (i.e. without the violent and disturbing story content) for approval. He deliberately submitted the master late, knowing that part of the penalty would require him to hand- deliver it to the manufacturers in the United States. While on the plane ride to the US, he switched the "clean" discs with the finalized discs including the horrific content, thus completely bypassing all censorship. D was a success in Japan. In total it sold one million copies there and the Saturn version reached the top of the sales charts in its first week. It was one of the few genuine hits for the 3DO in Japan, and drew a significant cult following of hardcore fans even before being ported to other systems. A Japanese re-release for the 3DO titled D's Diner: Director's Cut contained additional content and a bonus soundtrack disc. The PlayStation release of D was set to be published by Acclaim and manufactured by Sony. Orders for around 100,000 units had already been made before Sony decided to give their other titles manufacturing priority. Sony told Eno they had only manufactured 40,000 units, which made Eno very upset, but ultimately, Sony had only manufactured 28,000 units. This shortage upset Eno so much that he later announced, at a Sony event, that he would release his next games for the Sega Saturn. Warp's later games, including Enemy Zero (1996) and D2 (1999), were released exclusively on Sega platforms. ==Reception== The original 3DO release of D was well received.GameFan, volume 4, issue 1 (January 1996), pages 104-106 In their import review, GameFan staff stated they normally disliked interactive movie FMV games, but praised D for being innovative and creative, dubbing it "a masterpiece." In their review of the English release, they commended its horror elements and concluded it to be "the best FMV game likely ever to be made" and the best 3DO title at the time.GameFan, volume 3, issue 11 (November 1995), page 22 GamePro staff gave the game high scores for its presentation and likewise commended its scare factor. They called it "a frightening work of art" but cautioned that it was not for everyone.GamePro, issue 87 (December 1995), page 106 Next Generation reviewed the 3DO version first as an import, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that "This is without a doubt the most heavily atmospheric and creepy title to date for the 3DO - or for that matter, any home system." Their review of the domestic release said the graphics were astounding and enhanced the player's involvement in the creepy storyline. The reviewer criticized the English localization's dialogue and voice acting, and said the game suffers from low challenge and extremely short length, but still found the game enjoyable. Reviews for the Saturn and PlayStation ports were mostly positive although some were mixed. Sam Hickman from Sega Saturn Magazine commented that the game manages to be extremely creepy and terrifying despite having almost no bloodshed. He predicted that the game would be outclassed by Resident Evil (still in development at the time of the review), but concluded that D was the best horror game presently on the market. Four reviewers at Electronic Gaming Monthly commented that the Saturn version had reduced the load times seen in the 3DO version to almost nothing. They highly praised the storyline and intelligently designed puzzles, and described it as "scary enough to make you an insomniac." GamePro staff gave positive reviews for both the Saturn and PlayStation versions, recommending it to those looking for a horror experience.GamePro, issue 93 (June 1996), page 58GamePro, issue 91 (April 1996), page 78 Maximum staff likewise gave positive reviews to both versions, saying that D is similar to Myst (1993) and Mansion of Hidden Souls (1993) but ultimately better due to its more enticing story. They also praised the FMV graphics and cinematic presentation, but criticized it for its lack of longevity. The reviewers felt its short length, addictive gameplay, and lack of overly challenging puzzles ensured that the player will be finished with it very quickly. A Next Generation reviewer gave the same praises for the scary storyline and graphics, and also said the puzzles "are just challenging enough to satisfy and yet not so difficult as to impede your progress for very long." However, he felt the slow character movement and lack of longevity kept the game from being truly exceptional. Staff at Game Informer were more critical in their review of the Saturn version. They found the gameplay tedious but did praise the graphics and the storytelling, concluding the "story would make a great movie or book, but not a game." ===Accolades=== GameFan staff named D their 1995 3DO Game of the Year and the Best 3DO Graphic Adventure/FMV Game. GamePro staff ranked it the third best 3DO game for their 1995 Editors' Choice Awards.GamePro, issue 89 (February 1996), page 26 In 1996, GamesMaster ranked the Sega Saturn version 7th on their "The GamesMaster Saturn Top 10." ==Legacy== Modern retrospectives find D less appealing by contemporary standards, but have acknowledged its cult following and unique place in video game history. John Szczepaniak of Hardcore Gaming 101 could not find a reason to recommend D over other adventure games released prior or after, outside of the cannibalistic themes. He still recommended those interested to watch a walkthrough on YouTube. Alex Wawro of Gamasutra believed that D is worth studying as an early example of horror game design. Brittany Vincent of Rock, Paper, Shotgun called it a "quintessential example" of a period when developers were attempting to blend FMV techniques with traditional game design to build something coherent. She called it a "surrealistic" phase in video game development when it seemed that the worlds of cinema and games were colliding. Staff at Core Gamers called D a benchmark for horror adventure games and one of the first console games with a mature-themed atmosphere. In an article titled "The aging horror of Kenji Eno's D", Richard Mitchell of Engadget shared the same sentiments as others. He commended D for ushering in the era of survival horror by paving a path for games like Resident Evil, and said that without historical context, it's difficult to enjoy D in modern times. In 2008, Game Informer listed it among the worst horror games of all time. In 2016, Nightdive Studios, a company known for reviving neglected classics, re-released the MS-DOS port of D on Steam and GOG. ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * Category:1995 video games Category:3DO Interactive Multiplayer games Category:Acclaim Entertainment games Category:DOS games Category:First-person adventure games Category:Full motion video based games Category:Interactive movie video games Category:1990s horror video games Category:PlayStation (console) games Category:Puzzle video games Category:Sega Saturn games Category:Survival video games Category:Video games about cannibalism Category:Video games about mental health Category:Video games about vampires Category:Video games developed in Japan Category:Video games featuring female protagonists Category:Video games set in 1997 Category:Video games set in castles Category:Video games set in Los Angeles Category:Single-player video games Category:Video games directed by Kenji Eno Category:Warp (company) games
+D 4 Dance is an Indian dance reality series which premiered on Mazhavil Manorama and has completed five seasons of its series. ==Cast== ===Judges=== Judges Seasons 1 2 3 Reloaded 4 5 Neerav Bavlecha colspan="5" Priyamani colspan="3" Prasanna Sujit colspan="3" Mamta Mohandas colspan="3" Anu Sithara colspan="4" Miya George colspan="5" Paris Laxmi colspan="5" ===Hosts=== Hosts Seasons 1 2 3 Reloaded 4 5 Pearle Maaney colspan="4" colspan="2" Govind Padmasoorya colspan="2" colspan="4 " Sreejith Vijay colspan="5" Jewel Mary colspan="5" Adil Ibrahim colspan="2" colspan="2" colspan="2" Rahul Ravi colspan="4" Alina Padikkal colspan="4" Ankith Madhav colspan="4" Hakha Jafar colspan="4" Malavika Krishnadas colspan="5" Arjun colspan="5" Vincy Aloshious colspan="5" ==Series & Awards== Season Host Judges Launch Finale Sponsored by Winner Runner Up Second Runner Up 1 Jewel Mary Replaced By Pearle Maaney — Sreejith Vijay Replaced By Govind Padmasoorya Priyamani Neerav Bavlecha Prasanna Sujit Idea Cellular Ramzan Muhammed Aashiq Nawal Swathi Sreeram 2 Pearle Maaney — Govind Padmasoorya Priyamani Neerav Bavlecha Prasanna Sujit Gum On Pranav Sasidharan Fida Ashraf Saniya Iyappan 3 Pearle Maaney — Adil Ibrahim Priyamani Neerav Bavlecha Prasanna Sujit Eastern Solo Nasif Appu Duet Ann Mary & Vineesh Group Team Aliyans Solo Anna Prasad Duet Juhi & Bhavik Group RC Boys Solo Nakul Thampi Duet Akhil & Ashwin Group Maramkothees D4 Dance Reloaded Pearle Maaney — Adil Ibrahim Neerav Bavlecha Mamta Mohandas Kajaria Tiles Dilsha Prasanann, Rinosh Surendran Jerry,Vyshakh Vishnu ,Anna 4 Ankith Madhav replaced by Hakha Jafar replaced by Alina Padikkal — Rahul Ravi Priyamani Neerav Bavlecha —Mamta Mohandas replaced by Anu Sithara replaced by Prasanna Sujit Eastern Soorya Sreejith Vaiga Sinov 5 Vincy Aloshious Replaced by Malavika Krishnadas \- RJ Arjun Gopal Prasanna Sujit Miya George Paris Laxmi 3 September 2019 Chaidhik Anamika Lakshmi Shaji : Male : Female ;Awards :* Asiavision awards 2016 for Best Anchor- Govind Padmasoorya * Kerala state television awards : :* popular TV show - D3 :* Best Anchor - Govind Padmasoorya == Season 1 == The first season was titled as D 4 Dance. The show was first aired on 11 April 2014, and its last episode aired on 24 November 2014. It was hosted by Jewel Mary and Sreejith Vijay who was later replaced by Govind Padmasoorya and Pearly Maaney (as Jewel went away for movie shots, she rejoined towards the finale)). There were total of 18 contestants in which Ramzan Muhammed was declared as the winner of the show bagging 50 lakhs Indian Rupees. followed by Aashiq Nawal (2nd place), Swathi Sreeram (3rd place), Ajas N. (4th place), and Dilsha Prasanann (5th place). == Season 2 == The second season of the series was titled as D2 - D 4 Dance. The very first episode on- air was on 5 December 2014 and its final episode was telecasted on 13 September 2015 declaring Pranav Sasidharan as the winner of the season winning 5 Million Indian Rupees followed by Fida Ashraf (2nd place), Saniya Iyappan (3rd place), Suhaid Kukku (4th place), and Arjun Krishna (5th place). The show was hosted by Govind Padmasoorya and Pearle Maaney . Chemistry between Govind Padmasoorya and Pearle Maaney made the show more entertaining. They introduced different kinds of hosting styles to the Indian television. Their chemistry was one of the biggest reason for the high trp rating D2 received. Finale of D2 broke all the rating records of Malayalam television shows from 2014 to 2013. This was the first time a non Asianet show broke the rating records among Malayalam channels. In 2016, 18th Asianet film Award broke the record of D2 Grand finale after one year with various point difference . It was the best season among all D4 dance seasons. == Season 3 == The third season of the series is titled as D3 - D 4 Dance and is hosted by Pearle Maaney and actor Adil Ibrahim. The show was aired on 28 March 2016. The winner of the third season will be awarded 7.5 Million Indian Rupees as Rs.2.5 million to the each winner of Solo, Duet & Group performers. The show is directed by Yamuna. The contestants are selected by the auditions in Group, Solo and Duet performance. The show is judged by Priyamani, Neerav Bavlecha and Prasanna Sujit and the series consist of three mentors/vice captains who are all finalists of the previous seasons, Ramzan Muhammed, Pranav Sasidharan and Suhaid Kukku. These judges along with the vice captains are individually leading three teams, Master Rockers - Prasanna Sujit & Suhaid Kukku, Star Challengers - Priyamani & Pranav Sasidharan, Super Heroes - Neerav Bavlecha & Ramzan Muhammed. By the end of each episode, an achievement is given to the contestants as per the categories: Eastern Spicy Performance of The Day, Kalyan Silks Star Dancer of The Day, and Step of the Day The show claims to be India's first ever dance Reality television series to give a stage for the Transgender people of India. A few contestants for the solo and duet category were taken into D3 through a wild card entry. The main reason for this was due to the lack of solo contestants after 4th innings. The first prize for the Solo was won by Nasif Appu with a cash prize of 2.5 million rupees, followed by Anna Prasad. The first prize for the Duet category was won by Ann Mary and Vineesh also having the cash followed by Juhi and Bhavik. The first place for the Group category was won by Aliyans. The second prize was for RC Boys. === Solo=== * Nasif Appu (1st) * Anna Prasad (2nd) * Nakul Thampi (3rd) * Remya (4th) === Duet === * Ann Mary and Vineesh (1st) * Juhi and Bhavik (2nd) * Akhil and Ashwin (3rd) * Raees and Roshan (4th) === Group === * Aliyans (1st) * RC Boys (2nd) * Maramkothees (3rd) * DR Crew (4th) === Cast === ;Vice Captains * Suhaid Kukku * Ramzan Muhammed * Pranav Sasidharan ;Season 3 Guest Appearance * Abhirami Suresh * Amrutha Suresh * Arthana Binu * M G Rajamanickam IAS * Manu Nair * Master Chethan * Nishanthini IPS * Raj Zachariah * Sabareesh Prabhakar * Sruthi Menon * Sujith Vaassudev * Sumesh Anand * Sumesh krishnan * Vinay Fort * Avanthika Mohan * Deepu Karunakaran * Jayaram * Kunchacko Boban * Malavika Wales * Manju Pillai * Manju Warrier * Neha Saxena * Ramesh Pisharody * S. Sreesanth * Shane Nigam * Shobana * Suresh Gopi * Tovino Thomas * Unni Mukundan * Vedhika * Vijay Babu ===Innings=== ;1st innings *Dhamaka Group of series - Aliyans *Jodi No 1 - Raees and Roshan *Super Solo - Abhishek Anand ;2nd innings *Dhamaka Group of series - RC Boys *Jodi No 1 - Raees and Roshan *Super Solo - Nakul Thampi ;3rd innings *Dhamaka Group of series - RC Boys *Jodi No 1 - Raees and Roshan *Super Solo - Nasif Appu ;4th innings *Dhamaka Group of series - Maramkkothees *Jodi No 1 - Ann- Mary and Vineesh *Super Solo - Nasif Appu ;5th innings *Dhamaka Group of series - DR crew *Jodi No 1 - Ann Mary and Vineesh *Super Solo - Nasif Appu ;6th innings *Dhamaka Group of series - Aliyans *Jodi No 1 - Juhi & Bhavik / Raees & Roshan *Super Solo - Nasif and Nakul ;7th innings *Dhamaka Group of series - Aliyans *Jodi No 1 - Ann Mary and Vineesh *Super Solo - Nasif Appu ;Semi-finals *Dhamaka Group of series - RC boys *Jodi No 1 -Juhi and Bhavik *Super Solo - Nasif Appu ;D3 Season entry to final *Dhamaka Group of season - DR crew *Jodi No 1 - Ann Mary and Vineesh *Super Solo - Anna Prasad == D4 Dance Reloaded == Titled as D4 Dance Reloaded, is a show consisting of only 15 episodes. Judged by Neerav Bavlecha and Mamta Mohandas and hosted by Pearle Maaney and Adil Ibrahim. This is the fourth instalment in the D4 dance series and the show was aired on 21 November 2016. The super finale of the show was telecast on 20 and 21 December. This will be the shortest reality show in Malayalam Television which will get over in 15 episodes. Popular contestants of all the 3 seasons of the show will team up as a pair and compete for the title.10 pairs are competing in the show (total 20 contestants) and will be performing for 6 stages and the pair with the highest score at the end of 6 performances will win the title in the Grand Finale which will happen in late 2016. All 10 pairs are trained by 10 different choreographer's who had taken part in earlier seasons. Malayalam film actress and playback singer Mamta Mohandas and Neerav Bavlecha will judge the show. The show is sponsored by Kajaria Tiles and co-sponsored by Q7 Thinner, Sleepwell My Mattress and Bharthi TMT. Title winners Dilsha Prasanann and Rinosh Surendren (Choreographer Dileep Kumar) were awarded 1 million rupees by F2 Fashion to You casuals. === Guest appearance === * Bhavana * Lakshmi Gopalaswamy * Rahman * Vineeth === Participants === * Ajith and Swathi * Arjun and Sanjal * Bhavik and Shamaz * Dilsha and Rinosh * Jerry and Vysakh * Nakul Thampi and Saniya Iyappan * Renjini and Sneha * Rishi and Aradhya * Shameer and Rakhu * Sushmita and Dihin * Vishnu and Anna === Finalists === * Dilsha and Rinosh (1st) * Jerry and Vyshakh (2nd) * Vishnu and Anna (3rd) * Bhavik and Shamaz (4th) * Nakul and Saniya (5th) ==Season 4== The official fourth season of the series is titled as D4 - D 4 Dance Junior v/s Senior and is hosted by anchor turned actress Alina Padikkal and television actor Rahul Ravi. The show started airing on 1 May 2017. Ankith Madhav initially hosted the show With Rahul, from episode 11, Hakha Jafar had replaced Ankit Madhav and later in episode 36, Alina replaced Hakka. The winner of the season will be awarded 25 Lakh Rupees and the second prize winner will get Rs.10 Lakh. Later, Prasanna Master joined the jury replacing Mamta Mohandas and Anu Sithara. The final was held on 3 December 2017. The juniors won the series with Saniya receiving the fourth place with a cash prize of 1 lakh from Kajaria tiles, Sajin in third with 5 lakhs from I & u icecreams, second place was for Vaigha bagging 10 lakhs from Q7 thinner and the Winner- Surya with 25 lakhs from Bismi. === Top 4 === * Suriya * Vaigha * Sajin * Saniya ==Season 5== The official fifth season of D 4 Dance is launching on the channel from 6 April 2019 on every Saturday-Sunday at 8:00 PM. The show was hosted by RJ Arjun and Vincy Aloshious later replaced by Malavika Krishnadas ; Judges *Prasanna Sujit *Miya George *Paris Laxmi ;Winners * Winner: Chaithik * First runner-up: Anamika * Second runner-up: Lakshmi Shaji == References == Category:Indian reality television series Category:Dance competition television shows Category:2014 Indian television series debuts Category:Indian dance television shows Category:Malayalam-language television shows Category:Mazhavil Manorama original programming
+D 506 can refer to: *D. 506, the Rondo from Schubert's Piano Sonata in E minor D. 566 (Schubert) *Rule D 506, a rule of the US Securities Exchange Commission exempting certain businesses from securities regulation
+D 73 (), also known as Al Dhiyafa Road or 2nd Zabeel Road is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The road originates in Jumeirah, running south-eastward perpendicular to D 94 (Jumeirah Road). D 73 borders the localities of Al Jafilia and Satwa. The road's intersection with E 11 (Sheikh Zayed Road) near Zabeel forms the Trade Centre Roundabout. Important landmarks along the D 73 route include Union House, Jumeirah Rotana Hotel, Rydges Plaza, The Monarch Dubai, Etisalat Tower 2 and the Dubai World Trade Centre. ==References== Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates Category:Transport in Dubai
+D 75 (), also known as Sheikh Rashid Road or Al Qutaeyat Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The road begins in Bur Dubai, running perpendicular to D 92 (Al Mina Road). D 75 proceeds south-eastward towards the localities of Al Mankhool, Al Karama and Al Jafilia. The road eventually merges with Umm Hurair Road at the Al Karama Interchange. Important landmarks along the D 75 route include the consulate of Indonesia, Zabeel train station, Zabeel Park, Karama Shopping Centre and Karama Post Office. Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates Category:Transport in Dubai
+The D 80 (Salahuddin Road) is a road passing in Al Muraqqabat, Al Muteena and Al Khabisi in one of UAE emirates,Dubai, United Arab Emirates Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates
+D 85 (), also known as Baniyas Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The road begins near the north end of the Deira Corniche, and runs beside Dubai Creek south-eastwards. Passing important landmarks along the creek, D 85 ends near the Dubai Creek Golf & Yacht Club. Important landmarks along the D 85 route include the Hyatt Regency Dubai on the Deira Corniche, the Deira Twin Towers, Al Nasr Square, Etisalat Tower 1, Dubai Municipality, and the Deira City Centre. D 85 intersects with other roads to provide access to Bur Dubai — it intersects with D 92 (Al Mina Road/Al Khaleej Road) near Port Rashid to form the Al Shindagha Tunnel and with Umm Hurair Road in Deira to form the Al Maktoum Bridge. The word Baniyas is a reference to the dynastic tribe of the Al Maktoums. Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates Category:Transport in Dubai
+D 88 (also known as Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Road from the Bur Dubai side and Omar Bin Al Khattab Road from the Deira side) is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. ==See also== * Dubai route numbering system ==References== Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates Category:Transport in Dubai
+D 89, also known as Al Maktoum Road, Airport Road or Al Khawaneej Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. One of the longest intra-city roads, D 89 begins at the Deira Corniche and runs perpendicular to D 85 (Baniyas Road). From Deira, the road progresses south-eastward towards Dubai International Airport, intersecting with E 311 (Emirates Road) past the airport. It proceeds further south-east towards the localities of Al Khawaneej and Mirdif. Important landmarks along D 89 include the Deira Corniche, Deira Twin Towers, Dubai International Airport, Al Bustan Rotana Hotel, Le Meridian Hotel, Al Rashidiya Park and Mushrif Park. ==References== Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates Category:Transport in Dubai
+D 90 (), also known as Al Satwa Road, Al Mussallah Road or Mankhool Road is a route in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The road begins in the old Al Bastakiya area of Bur Dubai and runs roughly parallel to D 92 and D 94. The road is referred to as Al Mankhool Road when passing through the locality of Al Mankhool. The road passes through the locality of Al Satwa and ends in the locality of Al Safa. Important landmarks along D 90 include Al Bastakiya, Al Souk Al Kabir, Jumbo Electronics, Al Khaleej Centre and Majestic Hotel. Ramada hotel closed down in 2017. Metro stop: Green line, Al fahidi. ==References== Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates Category:Transport in Dubai
+thumb|left|Al Wasl Rd. D 92, () also known as Al Khaleej Road, Al Mina Road or Al Wasl Road, is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Beginning in the locality of Al Mamzar, D 92 progresses south-westward, past Deira, Al Shindagha, Port Rashid and Bur Dubai. D 92 then runs parallel to D 94 (Jumeirah Road) and D 90 (Satwa Road) before terminating at a junction with Umm Suqeim Street in Umm Suqeim. The road, which passes through Al Shindagha Tunnel, provides access to Bur Dubai. Important landmarks located along D 92 include the Dubai Gold Souk, Al Shindagha Tunnel, Falcon Roundabout, Iranian Consulate, American School of Dubai, Al Wasl Police Station, Safa Park and Dubai Police Academy. Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates Category:Transport in Dubai
+D 94, also known as King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Street, Jumeirah Road or Jumeirah Beach Road, and formerly Al Sufouh Road is a road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The road runs parallel to Dubai's coast along the Persian Gulf and along E 11 (Sheikh Zayed Road), connecting the sub-localities of Jumeirah (Jumeirah 1, 2 and 3). Once it enters the locality of Al Sufouh, D 94 becomes known as King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Street. It originates near Dubai Maritime City and the Dubai Dry Docks; and terminates after Jumeirah Beach Residence by turning south and merging with the Sheikh Zayed Road. Important landmarks along D 94 include Dubai Dry Docks, Jumeirah Grand Mosque, Mercato Mall, Dubai Zoo, Jumeirah Beach Hotel, Wild Wadi Water Park, Burj Al Arab, Madinat Jumeirah and Palm Jumeirah. The Jumeirah section of the road underwent a beautification and expansion project in the early 2000s which added another lane on both the directions of the road; and increased the greenery and barriers on the road medians. The Al Sufouh Tramway is being built along this route to connect Jumeirah and Umm Suqeim with the rest of the Dubai Metro network. The road was renamed in September 2016 from Al Sufouh Road to King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Street in honor of the Saudi Arabian King Salman's contributions to the wider Arab world. ==References== Category:Roads in the United Arab Emirates Category:Transport in Dubai
+D A V Public School, Tanda is located on the Saury River in the town of Tanda, in Uttar Pradesh province, India. ==Description== The school is a 10+2 co- educational institute providing education in a science 7 commerce stream. It represents and particularly supports the education of children from minority communities in the Ambedkar Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh. The DAV Public School is directly managed by the DAV College Management Society, New Delhi. The school was established in 1992 with the cooperation of Tanda Thermal Power project. The DAV Public School in Tanda has launched a school website. Davpstanda.co.in: Regional-Director ==References== ==External links== * *"D A V Public School Uttar Pradesh". www.icbse.com. Retrieved 11 November 2016. Category:High schools and secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh Category:Education in Ambedkar Nagar district Category:Educational institutions established in 1886 Category:1886 establishments in British India
+D Battery Royal Horse Artillery are a Close Support Battery of 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery They are currently based in Albemarle Barracks in Newcastle Upon Tyne. == History == In 1812, during the Peninsular War, the battery was part of Wellington's Army, where the battery participated in the Battle of Salamanca. ==See also== *British Army *Royal Artillery *Royal Horse Artillery *List of Royal Artillery Batteries ==References== ==Bibliography== * ==External links== * * * Category:Royal Horse Artillery batteries Category:Royal Artillery batteries Category:1794 establishments in Great Britain Category:Military units and formations established in 1794

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+I, or i, is the ninth letter and the third vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is i (pronounced ), plural ies.Brown & Kiddle (1870) The institutes of English grammar, p. 19. Ies is the plural of the English name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is rendered I's, Is, i's, or is. ==History== Egyptian hieroglyph ꜥ Phoenician Yodh Etruscan I Greek Iota Latin I 45px 30px 25px 64px Latin I In the Phoenician alphabet, the letter may have originated in a hieroglyph for an arm that represented a voiced pharyngeal fricative () in Egyptian, but was reassigned to (as in English "yes") by Semites, because their word for "arm" began with that sound. This letter could also be used to represent , the close front unrounded vowel, mainly in foreign words. The Greeks adopted a form of this Phoenician yodh as their letter iota () to represent , the same as in the Old Italic alphabet. In Latin (as in Modern Greek), it was also used to represent and this use persists in the languages that descended from Latin. The modern letter 'j' originated as a variation of 'i', and both were used interchangeably for both the vowel and the consonant, coming to be differentiated only in the 16th century. The dot over the lowercase 'i' is sometimes called a tittle. In the Turkish alphabet, dotted and dotless I are considered separate letters, representing a front and back vowel, respectively, and both have uppercase ('I', 'İ') and lowercase ('ı', 'i') forms. ==Use in writing systems== ===English=== In Modern English spelling, represents several different sounds, either the diphthong ("long" ) as in kite, the short as in bill, or the sound in the last syllable of machine. The diphthong developed from Middle English through a series of vowel shifts. In the Great Vowel Shift, Middle English changed to Early Modern English , which later changed to and finally to the Modern English diphthong in General American and Received Pronunciation. Because the diphthong developed from a Middle English long vowel, it is called "long" in traditional English grammar. The letter is the fifth most common letter in the English language. The English first-person singular nominative pronoun is "I", pronounced and always written with a capital letter. This pattern arose for basically the same reason that lowercase acquired a dot: so it wouldn't get lost in manuscripts before the age of printing: ===Other languages=== thumb|Pronunciation of the name of the letter in European languages|305x305px|left In many languages' orthographies, is used to represent the sound or, more rarely, . Language Pronunciation in IPA Notes Esperanto See Esperanto orthography. French See French orthography. German , , See German orthography. Italian Pronounced as long in stressed and open syllables, when in a closed stressed syllable or unstressed. See Italian orthography. Kurmanji represented with Portuguese /i/ See Portuguese orthography. ==Other uses== The Roman numeral I represents the number 1. In mathematics, a lowercase "" is used to represent the unit imaginary number, while an uppercase "" serves to denote an identity matrix. ==Forms and variants== In some sans serif typefaces, the uppercase letter I, 'I' may be difficult to distinguish from the lowercase letter L, 'l', the vertical bar character '|', or the digit one '1'. In serifed typefaces, the capital form of the letter has both a baseline and a cap height serif, while the lowercase L generally has a hooked ascender and a baseline serif. The uppercase I does not have a dot (tittle) while the lowercase i has one in most Latin-derived alphabets. However, some schemes, such as the Turkish alphabet, have two kinds of I: dotted (İi) and dotless (Iı). The uppercase I has two kinds of shapes, with serifs (x15px) and without serifs (x15px). Usually these are considered equivalent, but they are distinguished in some extended Latin alphabet systems, such as the 1978 version of the African reference alphabet. In that system, the former is the uppercase counterpart of ɪ and the latter is the counterpart of 'i'. ==Computing codes== : 1Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings. ==Other representations== ==Related characters== ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== *I with diacritics: Ị ị Ĭ ĭ Î î Ǐ ǐ Ɨ ɨ Ï ï Ḯ ḯ Í í Ì ì Ȉ ȉ Į į Į́ Į̃ Ī ī Ī̀ ī̀ ᶖ Ỉ ỉ Ȋ ȋ Ĩ ĩ Ḭ ḭ ᶤ *İ i and I ı : Latin letters dotted and dotless I *IPA-specific symbols related to I: *The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of the letter I: ** ** ** ** *Other variations used in phonetic transcription: ᵻ ᶤ ᶦ ᶧ 𝼚 *i : Superscript small i is used for computer terminal graphics *Ꞽ ꞽ : Glottal I, used for Egyptological yod *Ɪ ɪ : Small capital I *ꟾ : Long I *ꟷ : Sideways I ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== * : Semitic letter Yodh, from which the following symbols originally derive **Ι ι: Greek letter Iota, from which the following letters derive *** : Coptic letter Yota ***І і : Cyrillic letter soft-dotted I ***𐌉 : Old Italic I, which is the ancestor of modern Latin I **** : Runic letter isaz, which probably derives from old Italic I *** : Gothic letter iiz ==See also== * Tittle ==References== ==External links== * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters Category:Vowel letters
+I & I may refer to: *An expression in Iyaric, a dialect of English *Eye & I, a 1997 album by Kardinal Offishall
+I & I Survived is the seventh full-length studio album by hardcore punk band Bad Brains. This album inverts the emphasis of Bad Brains' previous albums, which stress their punk/metal/hard rock side alongside touches of reggae. In contrast, I & I Survived is a mostly instrumental offering emphasizing reggae, ska, and dub elements (including a horn section on several songs) with only occasional forays into hard rock and punk music. The voice of band vocalist H.R. does appear on the album, albeit in sampled form from previous albums. The album includes new songs alongside completely revamped remakes of a few Bad Brains classics such as 1983's "How Low Can a Punk Get?", two versions of the Quickness classic "Gene Machine", and a dancehall reggae version of the usually mellow "I & I Survive". Critic Todd Kristel of Allmusic.com gave the album 3-out-of-5 stars, describing it as "a solid effort even if it doesn't break a lot of new ground".Kristel, Todd. [ "I & I Survived (Dub) - Bad Brains"]. Allmusic. Retrieved October 10th, 2007. ==Track listing== # Jah Love (Jenifer, Miller) # Overdub (Jenifer, Miller) # How Low Can a Punk Get? (Jenifer, Miller) # I & I Survive (Jenifer, Miller) # Cowboy (Jenifer, Miller) # Gene Machine (Jenifer, Miller) # Ghetto (Ray Chinna Shim) # Rally (Jenifer, Miller) # September (Ray Chinna Shim) # Ragga Dub (Jenifer, Miller) # Gene Machine (remix) (Jenifer, Miller; remixed by Daryl Jenifer and Neil Robertson) # I & I Survive (Shiner Massive Mix) (Jenifer, Miller; remixed by Will Fulton, featuring Larry "Son Shiner" Devore) ==Personnel== *Dr. Know – guitar & keyboards *Darryl Jenifer – bass, programming & melodica *Earl Hudson – drums *Ted Orr – Tablas *Neil Robertson, Darryl Jenifer & Dr. Know – producers ==References== . Category:Bad Brains albums Category:2002 albums
+The I & M Building, also known as Colfax Place, is a historic building located at 220 W. Colfax in South Bend, Indiana. It is located next to the Commercial Building. The building, which was built in 1929, originally housed the offices of the Indiana and Michigan Electric Company. The Art Deco building was designed by Austin & Shambleau. The seven-story building is faced in marble on its front first story, limestone on the remainder of its front, and brick on its sides. Terra cotta separates the building's front center windows through the fifth story, while stone with terra cotta features separate the side windows. The building is one of the few Art Deco structures in South Bend and the only "pure" example of the style within its downtown business district. Note: This includes The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. After a brief tenure as a condominium development, the building is now used as office space. ==See also== *I and M Electric Co. Building-Transformer House and Garage ==References== Category:Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana Category:Art Deco architecture in Indiana Category:Office buildings completed in 1929 Category:Buildings and structures in South Bend, Indiana Category:National Register of Historic Places in St. Joseph County, Indiana
+I is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic action thriller film written and directed by S. Shankar. Produced and distributed by V. Ravichandran under his production company, Aascar Films, the film features Vikram, Amy Jackson and Suresh Gopi in lead roles while Santhanam, Upen Patel, Ojas Rajani (in her film debut) and Ramkumar Ganesan portray pivotal roles. The film tells the story of a rich and handsome bodybuilder and supermodel named Lingesan (played by Vikram), who became a Hunchback by the hands of his enemies by using a Virus. After being deformed, he exacts revenge upon those who were responsible for his predicament. Parts of the film were loosely based on The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Beauty and the Beast. The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman. Production design was handled by T. Muthuraj. P. C. Sreeram was the film's cinematographer and editing was done by Anthony. The visual effects were designed by V. Srinivas Mohan through Rising Sun Pictures. Weta Workshop had worked on the digital and prosthetic make-up and background arts for the film. Principal photography commenced on 15 July 2012. The filming lasted for two years and eight months, during which shooting was done extensively in China. Further schedules were filmed in locations in Chennai, Bangkok, Jodhpur, Kodaikanal, Pollachi, Bangalore and Mysore. The climax train fight scene was shot in the railway stations of Chengalpattu, Rayagada, Brahmapur and Visakhapatnam. The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi along with the original Tamil version. I was released on 14 January 2015; The film received mostly positive reviews from critics with praise for Shankar's direction, the performances (especially Vikram, Suresh Gopi and Amy Jackson), the technical aspects of the film (especially the visual effects, cinematography, costume design and makeup), and A.R. Rahman's soundtrack and background score, though the length, pace and editing received some criticism.Blockbuster is the word now for 'I'. Behindwoods.com (16 February 2015). Retrieved on 18 July 2015. The film was a commercial success, grossing ₹227—240 crore worldwide, becoming one of the highest grossing Tamil films of all time and Vikram's highest-grossing film. Vikram won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil for the film. == Plot == Lingesan is a bodybuilder from Chennai, whose main ambition is to become Mr. India. He wins the title of Mr. Tamil Nadu, which gives him direct entry to the Mr. India pageant. He has a crush on Diya, a leading supermodel. Diya is soon blacklisted, with all her advertisement film contracts cancelled by John, her co-star in all her advertisements, after she constantly rejected his sexual advances. To save her career, Diya decides to replace John with Lingesan, whom she had earlier met at one of her shoots, as her co-star for her next advertisement. The shooting is to take place in China at the same time when the Mr. India pageant is to take place, but Lingesan agrees, sacrificing his Mr. India ambitions in the process. Lingesan is given a makeover by Diya's stylist, a transgender woman Osma. The shoot initially does not go well as Lingesan is shy and awkward around Diya. On her director's advice, Diya pretends to fall in love with Lingesan so that he would loosen up and perform better during the shoot. The plan proves successful but Diya soon tells Lingesan the truth. Hurt, he focuses on modelling instead of her. They both gradually excel in the modelling industry as the lead pair. As time passes, Diya reciprocates Lingesan's love for her and they soon get engaged. In his journey from a bodybuilder to a top model, Lingesan became a rich and influential model. But Lingesan got many enemies, including John, whose modelling career was ruined due to Lingesan's rising popularity, forcing him to appear in local advertisements to stay afloat; Osma, who feels love for Lingesan and revealed her feelings to him, only to be rejected; advertisement company owner Indrakumar, whose company suffered losses when Lingesan refused to endorse their soft drink as it was reported to contain pesticides; and another bodybuilder Ravi, who also competed for the Mr. Tamil Nadu title but lost to Lingesan despite pressurizing the latter to withdraw. These four people conspire to take revenge on Lingesan and destroy his fame and modelling career. Two days before his wedding, Lingesan slowly starts to experience hair and teeth loss and a skin disorder. He consults his friend Vasudevan, a doctor who is also the guardian of Diya's family. Vasudevan claims that he is suffering from a rare and incurable genetic disease that results in premature ageing. Lingesan's condition worsens, with his face and body deforming, and eventually, he becomes a hunchback. In his current condition, Lingesan decides to disappear from the public eye and also from Diya's life by faking his death in a car accident. Only his friend Babu and Vasudevan know that he is alive. Nobody is ready to marry Diya due to her past with Lingesan. Lingesan asks Vasudevan to marry Diya as he is the only person who will be able to understand Diya's past and present situation. Vasudevan agrees and the wedding is fixed. On the eve of Diya's wedding, another doctor named Thiruvengadam reveals to Lingesan that, contrary to Vasudevan's claims, he is actually suffering from H4N2 influenza, caused by the "I" virus, which can only be transmitted by injection. Lingesan discovers that John, Osma, Indrakumar, Ravi and, to his horror, even Vasudevan, are responsible for injecting the virus into his body. Vasudevan has loved Diya since she was 10 years old and was enraged when she chose Lingesan over him. So, he sided with Lingesan's enemies and planned the entire operation to have Lingesan injected with the virus. Lingesan is then beaten up by them and tied up, but manages to escape later. Enraged and betrayed, Lingesan abducts Diya on the wedding day and keeps her safely in an old house without revealing his identity to her. Aided by Babu, Lingesan decides to take revenge on those who had deformed him by disfiguring them without killing them. He first immolates Ravi, who suffers severe burns. He then prepares a paste which he mixes with Osma's daily cosmetic products and unbeknownst to her she applies it on her body, causing her body to sprout huge growths of hair. Next, he douses Indrakumar with sugar syrup which causes a swarm of bees to sting him all over his body. He lures John to fight over a moving train and gets him electrocuted. Finally, he gets Vasudevan to unwittingly inject "I" virus into himself three-four times, causing his whole body to swell up. After achieving his revenge, Lingesan reveals his condition to Diya, who, though initially taken aback, still loves him despite his deformity. They decide to live a secluded life together. Lingesan undergoes stem cell treatment, blood transfusion,yoga and physiotherapy for his condition and soon returns to normal. ==Cast== * Vikram as Lingesan "Lee", a bodybuilder-turned supermodel * Amy Jackson as Diya, a supermodel and Lingesan's love interest (Voice dubbed by Raveena Ravi in Tamil and Chinmayi in Hindi) * Suresh Gopi as Dr. Vasudevan, Diya's family doctor and guardian- turned traitor * Santhanam as Babu, Lingesan's best friend * Upen Patel as John, another supermodel who loses his fame because of Lingesan's rise * G. Ramkumar as Indrakumar * Ojas Rajani as Osma Jasmine, a transgender makeup artist * M. Kamaraj as Ravi, another bodybuilder * Mahru Sheikh as Diya's Mother * Azhagu as Lingesan's father * T. K. Kala as Lingesan's mother * Mohan Kapoor as Sushil, ad film director * Srinivasan as Keerthivasan (guest appearance) * Yogi Babu as Keerthivasan's fan (guest appearance) * Alfred Hsing as John's henchman * Hello Kandasamy * R. Sarathkumar in a cameo appearance as himself ==Production== ===Origin=== In an interview with the Tamil channel Sun TV, held shortly after the release of Enthiran in October 2010, the film's lead actor Rajinikanth revealed that Shankar had approached and pitched three storylines for him to consider for his next venture, 15 years ago, post the release of his directorial, the Kamal Haasan-starrer Indian (1996). Rajinikanth was impressed with two of the scripts and agreed to star in the films, which became Sivaji (2007) and Enthiran (2010). The third script narrated by Shankar was centered on an aspiring bodybuilder who would later turn into a deformed hunchback following a freak accident. Rajinikanth was sceptical of it and refused it. Following the release of Nanban (2012), Shankar revived the project with Vikram in the lead, his second collaboration with the actor after Anniyan (2005). ===Development=== Shankar collaborated with writer-duo Suresh and Balakrishnan, to work on the script of his next film. His norm collaborator A. R. Rahman was signed in to compose the soundtrack album and background score for the film, working with Shankar for the tenth time. P. C. Sreeram was confirmed to do the film's cinematography in his maiden association with the actor. Action choreographer Peter Hein was initially roped in the project, but he had to back out, due to commitments with S. S. Rajamouli's film Baahubali (2015). As a result, Martial arts choreographer Yuen Woo-ping was selected for handling the stunt sequences. Additional stunt direction and supervision was done by Anl Arasu. VFX company Rising Sun Pictures under visual effects designer V. Srinivas Mohan was selected to provide the special effects in motion filming, while Indian film production designer T. Muthuraj was confirmed as the film's art director. In May 2012, Shankar visited New Zealand and met filmmaker Peter Jackson and Richard Taylor's special effects and prop company Weta Workshop. Sean Foot and Davina Lamont provided the prosthetic makeup for Vikram's beast get-up in the film and additional prosthetic makeup was done by Christien Tinsley and Dominie Till.Director Shankar hires 'Avatar' make-up artistes for 'I' – IBNLive. Ibnlive.in.com (19 March 2013). Retrieved on 18 July 2015. Gavin Miguel and Mary E. Vogt were in charge of the costume designing of the film's cast. The film was earlier reported to be titled as either Thendral or Therdal, while Azhagan and Aanazhagan were also used as alternate titles that Shankar had kept in mind. Since they were already used in the Tamil films released during 1991 and 1995, Shankar decided that a single alphabet would be the film's title. In mid-2012, the team confirmed that the project would be titled I. According to The Times of India, Shankar opted for the title I as he thought it "explains all the characteristics of the protagonist"; the word has a variety of meanings, which include "king, beauty, astonishment, guru, vulnerability, owner and arrow". The film's title got the name, as in the film, Lingesan (Vikram's character) was deformed due to H4N2 Influenza caused by the "I" virus that had transmitted due to an injection. In September 2014, producer and distributor V. Ravichandran, stated the project would cost about , however by October 2014, he and director Shankar was widely quoted as stating the budget would be less than . ===Casting=== In April 2012, Vikram was selected to feature in the lead role. Priyanka Chopra was initially reported to be in talks for the female lead.Vikram and Asin to act together in Shankar's next film. CNN-IBN.com (18 May 2012). Retrieved 15 April 2015. Later, Asin's name was suggested along with Chopra. It was reported that Deepika Padukone was also approached, but she denied her involvement in the film. Model-turned-actress Evelyn Sharma eventually selected for the female lead, by an audition, but had opted out due to language reasons. She claimed this in an interview, more than a week after the film's release.Evelyn Sharma wants to work in Tamil cinema. Hindustan Times. (22 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. Samantha Ruth Prabhu was then signed on, but she had opted out of the project citing scheduling conflicts. The role finally went to Amy Jackson, who was paid for acting in the film. Raveena Ravi dubbed the voice for her role. Santhanam, Upen Patel, Srinivasan and Suresh Gopi were selected to play the principal supporting characters in the film. Ramkumar Ganesan, a leading film producer and the elder son of the late-Tamil thespian Sivaji Ganesan, was also added to the cast to play a pivotal role in the film. Jiiva was considered for portraying the antagonist, but was unable to accept the offer due to his prior commitments. Hollywood actor Arnold Schwarzenegger was reported to play an award presenter for a brief scene. Ravichandran, however, denied the news, but said that he would appear in the audio launch of the film. To prepare for his role in I, Vikram took some weight loss and gain tips from Arnold as well. Make-up artiste Ojas M. Rajani, who previously worked with Shankar in Anniyan, was reported to play the role of a transgender make- up artiste in the film in addition to being the make-up artiste for Amy Jackson. Mr. Asia contest participant Syed Siddiq appeared in the action sequences featuring Vikram. ===Characterisation=== thumb|Vikram's look for the film after the character is deformed In the film, Vikram plays the character called 'Lingesan', who considers Arnold Schwarzenegger as a role model and aspires to win the Mr. Tamil Nadu title. Shankar had crafted the hair style of Vikram by taking the front curl look of the younger Arnold Schwarzenegger as a reference. As per director Shankar, among all get-ups in the film, the hunchbacked man character was the most difficult one to sketch. Vikram was confirmed to sport his hunchbacked get-up in most parts of the film. The bubbles observed on the character's face were reported to be designed by Weta. Amy Jackson plays a model in the film. On casting and re-defining her looks Shankar was quoted saying, "I wanted someone who could authentically look like a model and then fixed Amy Jackson". Vikram also went bald for the film to change his looks in the film easier. Santhanam was also asked to lose some weight for his character. Peter Ming used actual cyclists in China for a cycle fight scene that was shot there. ===Filming=== Principal photography officially commenced on 15 July 2012 accompanying a poster photo shoot that featured Vikram and Jackson. The first schedule of filming was completed in Chennai by early September 2012. The main cast and crew were off to China for a 50-day schedule to shoot certain stunt scenes while some song sequences were also filmed at locales in the northern part of the Hunan province. The schedule in China was wrapped up by late November 2012. In an interview with The Times of India, one of the film's line producer, Bill Chang was quoted saying, "We worked closely with S. Shankar for nearly 50 days in 2012, during which his film was shot in nine different locations. The range of locations available in China is simply mind-boggling. No other country in the world has such variety of locales ranging from colored mountains to futuristic city landscapes." Scenes in the song "Pookkalae Sattru Oyivedungal" were shot in Red Seabeach in Panjin and on Li river in Guilin. The canned footage of the track was put on hold by the Chinese film processing studio for a year, due to settlement disputes with the producer. In January 2013, a fight scene was filmed at an abandoned, 20-year-old factory in Chennai. Sixty percent of the shooting was completed by the end of the same month. By March 2013, four songs and three major action sequences were shot around China, Bangkok, Jodhpur, Kodaikanal, Pollachi and Chennai. In June 2013, a three-week filming schedule was completed in Bangalore, Mysore and Chennai, and 75% of the shooting was completed by July 2013. Filming was almost wrapped up by March 2014, with just one song sequence and patch-work for the film remaining. Shankar confirmed that the song would be shot after the film's audio launch. As per reports, a song of 5 minutes duration (later deciphered as "Ennodu Nee Irundhaal") was shot for 40 days. For filming the track, Vikram had gained a lot of weight of about 110 kg as he had to wear bulky costumes for the number. The song sequence was filmed at Prasad labs in Vadapalani, Chennai where a set was erected by Muthuraj. The climax train fight scene between Vikram and Upen Patel was shot in the railway stations of Chengalpattu, Visakhapatnam, Rayagada and Berhampur. On 24 September 2014, Jackson confirmed that the shooting of the film was completed. ===Post-production=== By October 2013, Shankar had almost spent more than for the shooting and post-production, that include extensive visual effects work. Due to the budget constraints, V. Ravichandran had tightened the cost of the film, which led to several complications regarding its production. In February 2014, Vikram started dubbing for the first half of the film, and had completed within March 2014. On 3 April 2014, film critic and journalist Sreedhar Pillai stated that the film's trailer was in stages of editing. Patchwork and dubbing for the film was completed on 11 September 2014. The visual effects work began during mid- January 2014 and processed for more than 9 months, according to VFX supervisor Srinivas Mohan. ==Music== A. R. Rahman composed the soundtrack album and background score for the film. The music of the Tamil version was launched at the Nehru Indoor Stadium in Chennai on 12 September 2014. Arnold Schwarzenegger, who was the inspiration of the character Lingesan, was invited as chief guest. The dubbed Hindi and Telugu versions of the soundtrack album were released on 31 December 2014. ==Marketing== The first look title poster of the film was unveiled on 15 July 2012. Stills featuring the lead pair were released in March 2014. The official motion poster teaser of the film was released on YouTube on 8 September 2014. The motion poster crossed 1 million views by the third day of its release. Two posters released on 12 September 2014, with J. Hurtado of Twitch Film labelling them as "out of this world". The producer screened a sneak preview of the teaser and the song "Ennodu Nee Irundhaal" for the critics in late August 2014. The teaser carried a dummy music score that was not composed by A. R. Rahman. The complete teaser trailer of the film was leaked on the internet on 2 September 2014. Although the leaked teaser lacked decipherability, the person who had leaked the teaser openly informed the team about it and challenged them to take action against him. After further inquiries, it was revealed that the culprit broke into producer Ravichandran's office during the night and had copied the teaser. However, Ravichandran refused to make changes to the leaked teaser, and planned to release it as per the original schedule. The teaser was unveiled at the audio launch of the film. Hurtado in his teaser review wrote, "We see Vikram taking on multiple characters including a Quasimodo-type, kicking monstrous amounts of ass in various action sequences, running across water, riding a cyborg motorcycle, and dancing up a storm in some absurdly colorful backgrounds" and concluded by saying "Shankar is nothing if not a visual stylist, and it looks like he's pulling out all the stops for this one". Prajakta Hebbar of IBNLive wrote, "When we heard that Tamil filmmaker Shankar was making a new film, we fully expected it to be larger-than-life, with a funky storyline and starring popular actors. But what we didn't expect was that feeling of thrill and intrigue", asserting that "Vikram and Shankar have us hooked with the teaser". Nivedita Mishra of the Hindustan Times elaborated in her teaser review, "Without doubt, the film's special effects are great by any standards. Now, whether or not, they have been indigenously put together or have been outsourced from the West, the producers alone will know, but just the desire to make a film that gets its production value right yet doesn't overdo it, is good enough. Here's hoping it will ignite a desire among Indians to go for the skies." and praised the spectacular landscapes, edgy camera angles, action sequences before concluding that "Shankar has put in a lot of effort to make this magnum opus worth a watch if teasers are to go by." Behindwoods wrote, "Anyone who sees this remarkably impactful teaser would keep rewinding what he / she saw, to relive the experience over and over again." The teaser crossed 1 million views in just 12 hours of its release, making it the first Indian film to do so, beating the record set by the teaser of Bang Bang! (2014), which crossed 1 million views in 13 hours. It reached 7 million views in 2 weeks after its release, becoming the only Tamil film to cross the mark till date. The making video of the film was released on 31 October 2014. The official trailer of the film was released on 17 December 2014. The Hindi-version of the trailer was attached with the prints of Aamir Khan-starrer PK (2014). Reviewing for the trailer, International Business Times stated: "The trailer which runs for two minutes will catch your breath for its wholesomeness. Revealing a very interesting or rather a fantasy type story with jaw dropping visuals, wonderful locations, thrilling stunts, beautiful heroine, colorful songs, multi-dimensional Vikram and above all great amount of hard work." The film was promoted by Vikram on Bigg Boss 8.'Big Boss 8': Vikram Shoots Special Episode to Promote 'I' on Salman Khan's Show Retrieved. 30 December 2014. ==Release== === Theatrical === A report from International Business Times published during December 2013, stated about the release of I, which will hit theatres on the occasion of Tamil New Year (14 April 2014), thereby clashing with Rajinikanth-starrer Kochadaiyaan. However, the film was pushed due to production delays. In February 2014, trade circuits reported that the film will be scheduled for release on the summer of 2014 (May—June). During late-July 2014, it was further reported that the film will be releasing on the occasion of Diwali (22 October 2014), which was officially confirmed by the producers during August, in clash with Vijay's Kaththi and Vishal's Poojai. The date was later pushed due to extensive post-production and dubbing works. In November 2014, the producers officially announced that the film will release on the occasion of Pongal (15 January 2015). The release date was later finalised as 14 January 2015. Prior to the release of the film, the Madras High Court passed an interim stay on the release till 30 January 2015, following a petition filed by Chennai-based Picturehouse Media Limited which alleged violation of financial and commercial agreements between the company and producers. However, Sreedhar Pillai, film critic and journalist had tweeted that the legal tussles between the two parties were solved amicably and announced that the film would release as planned. ==== Screenings and statistics ==== The film was scheduled to be released in 15,000 screens across the world, with 10,000 screens being allotted for the Chinese and English dubbed versions of the film. But, the plan was later backed off. The film was released in 3000 screens worldwide, including the Tamil, dubbed Telugu and Hindi versions of the film. In Tamil Nadu, the film was screened in more than 400–500 screens. In Kerala, the film was premiered at more than 232 theatres, the highest release for a Tamil film in that state. In the United States, the film was showcased 400 screens including the Tamil, Telugu and Hindi versions. It was also showcased in other overseas countries, such as United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore. The Telugu and Hindi-dubbed version of the film screened a day after the Tamil version's release, 15 January 2015. It is the first Tamil film to be released in Pakistan. The advance bookings for the film began on 11 January 2015, and saw a "tremendous response". On the evening of 11 January, the advance bookings began at Sathyam Cinemas and tickets for three days of the opening weekend, were almost sold out. The film also saw "solid booking" in major theatres such as AGS Entertainment's cinemas, PVR Cinemas' Sangam Theatre at R.K. Puram and the Abhirami theatre. Owing to the ticketing response, several single screens theatres, including Kasi theatre conducted a special early morning show for celebrities and noted VIP personalities. === Distribution === In September 2014, Sushma Cine Arts announced that they have acquired the Tamil Nadu theatrical rights. The distribution rights for the Telugu-dubbed version titled I: Manoharudu were purchased by Tirupathy Prasad and R. B. Choudary's joint distribution firm Mega Super Good Films, for a price of , thereby beating the distribution rights for Robo, the Telugu-dubbed version of Shankar's previous film Enthiran (2010) which was sold for . The Kerala theatrical rights were sold to Global United Media. AGS Entertainment acquired the theatrical distribution rights in the Chennai and Chengalpet regions. ===Home media=== The media rights of the film were purchased by Jaya TV for . The media rights included satellite rights and ringtones. ==Reception== ===Box office=== ====India==== According to Box Office India, I earned around nett in South India on its first day, setting records in Kerala and Telangana/AP. The film grossed over worldwide on its opening day. The film went on to collect nett in India in three days from all its versions. In its extended five-day weekend, the film earned nett in India from all three versions, with the Hindi version netting . The film grossed around worldwide from all versions twelve days after its release. According to Andhra Box Office, the film had collected worldwide and eventually became a commercial success. The final domestic net(India net) collections were 148.65 crore. In crores final domestic net collections were 148.65 crore, domestic gross 185 crore and worldwide ₹227—239 crore. ====Other territories==== I grossed US$697,346 in Tamil version and US$10,373 in dubbed Hindi version in USA in its first weekend.'I' scores over other releasesBox Office Overseas Report. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved on 18 July 2015. I(Tamil) grossed US$201,207 and I(Hindi) grossed US$4,009 in Canada in its first weekend. I(Tamil) grossed US$258,764 in UK-Ireland in first weekend. I(Tamil) grossed MYR 2,162,742 in Malaysia in first weekend. In first 10 days, I(Tamil) grossed US$789,298 in USA, US$323,714 in Canada, MYR 3,146,295 in Malaysia.Baby shines; Dolly Ki Doli fails to impressBox Office Overseas Report. Bollywood Hungama. 26 January 2015. In first 17 days, I(Tamil) grossed £386,542 in UK-Ireland and MYR 3,404,582 in Malaysia.Dull response for Hawaizaada, KhamoshiyanBox Office Overseas Report. Bollywood Hungama. 2 February 2015. ===Critical response=== I received mostly positive reviews from critics with praise for Shankar's direction, the performances (especially Vikram, Suresh Gopi and Amy Jackson), the technical aspects of the film (especially the visual effects, cinematography, costume design and makeup), and A.R. Rahman's soundtrack and background score, though the length, pace and editing received some criticism.'I' ('Ai') Movie Review Round-up: Vikram's Outstanding Performance Makes it Worth Watching. International Business Times. (14 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the movie has an approval score of 56% on the basis of 9 reviews with an average rating of 5.7 out of 10. Variety magazine's Ronnie Scheib wrote, "Shankar's visual ingenuity keeps things zippy for much of the hefty 188-minute running time, and star Chiyaan Vikram delivers a knockout three-pronged performance, but this cinematic bravura is offset by underdeveloped scripting, flatly one-dimensional villains and overdone lone-hero-vs.-swarms-of-murderous-attackers setpieces".‘I’ Review: Chiyaan Vikram's Triple-Threat Performance. Variety (18 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. Rachel Saltz from The New York Times wrote, "I is exuberant and unselfconscious but too cartoonish to engage your emotions. The onslaught of images and music will engage your senses, though, even as you're left giggling at the too-muchness of it all".Saltzjan, Rachel (14 January 2015) ‘I,’ a Tamil Film by Shankar, Starring Vikram. The New York Times J Hurtado from Twitch Film wrote, "I strains the boundaries of self-indulgence and modern tolerance in a way that has become something of a plague among Indian blockbusters. The film is amazing to look at, features a number of amazing set pieces, and some appropriately over the top action sequences, but even with everything including a few kitchen sinks thrown in, it may go on a bit too long for its own good".Review: Shankar's I: A Tale Full Of Sound And Fury, Signifying... Something?. TwitchFilm (15 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. Subhash K. Jha gave 4 stars out of 5 describing I as the "most exceptional" film from Shankar and wrote that it "takes us beyond the imaginable and the conceivable, fusing with fabulous flamboyance the fantasy element with a level of heightened reality that's commercial cinema's forte".I: Movie Review . SKJBollywood News (16 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. Filmfare also gave it 4 stars out of 5, stating that "Shankar balances a social critique along with technical gimmickry and here the message centres about our obsession with physical perfection and beauty."Movie Review:I. Filmfare.com (16 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. Komal Nahta felt that Shankar's direction was "first rate" and wrote "His vision is unique and the translation of his vision on to the celluloid is brilliant. He has kept the narration so interesting that the viewer's eyes remain glued to the screen. He has given the film a huge canvas and has made it an audio-visual treat.I (Dubbed) | Komal Nahta's Blog. Komalsreviews.wordpress.com (2015-01-16). Retrieved 2015-04-15. Rajeev Masand from IBN Live gave 3 out of 5 and wrote, "I from visionary Tamil director Shankar is a work of staggering ambition, somewhat weighed down by the filmmaker's own indulgence...(it) may be far from perfect, but for the most part it's pretty entertaining stuff".'I' review: There's a lesson in I for makers of masala movies – IBNLive. CNN- IBN.in.com. Retrieved 15 April 2015. The Times of India gave it 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "Shot mesmerisingly by PC Sreeram on virgin locales in China and India, with world class CG work, this spectacle works because at the core, it's a romantic-thriller told simplistically....This is pure escapist fare but will resonate with those who read fairy tales at bedtime".I Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India. The Times of India. (16 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. Rediff gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "The narrative lacks the pace; we usually associate with a Shankar's film. But he does tell a beautiful tale of love sullied by jealousies, greed and anger. The intriguing screenplay as the director alternates between the light-hearted past and the thrilling present keeps you engrossed".Vikram's I is definitely a Pongal treat – Rediff.com Movies. Rediff.com (14 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. Behindwoods.com rated the film 3 out of 5 and stated, "though the story is predictable beyond a point, it's an amalgamation of 'Masters' at play which works to a larger extent because of their huge efforts". India Today rated the film 3 out of and wrote "It's not everyday you will get to watch a visually rich movie like this". The Hindu stated, "Vikram's terrific performance is let down by an uninspired, exhausting movie". Daily News & Analysis gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, too, calling it a "great looking film but with shoddy writing and poorly sketched characters". Haricharan Pudipeddi, writing for IANS, rated the film 2 out of 5 and said, "All that's big may not necessarily be great. Hope Shankar realises that much better films can be made on a smaller canvas and much lower budget." Sify wrote, "I is definitely not the best of Shankar and he has to take the blame for poor writing. His story is predictable and there are no twists or scenes which keeps you engaged. Barring few eye-popping stunt scenes, a slew of beautiful unseen locations, breathtaking camera by PC Sreeram and few hummable songs by AR Rahman, I is very ordinary".Movie Review :. Sify.com. Retrieved 15 April 2015. Deccan Chronicle gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and said, "While the movie and the effort is good technically, its content is just average". Oneindia also rated the film 2.5 out of 5 saying, "For a movie which had so much of anticipation, I doesn't feed its audience enough to fulfill their expectations. The story is plain and doesn't look like a normal Shankar movie which would otherwise have interesting twists and turns." Gautaman Bhaskaran, writing for The Hindustan Times, rated the film two and a half stars, stating that Vikram's performance was the film's "only high point"; he noted that the film had similarities to the novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) and the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast (1756), "without infusing any novelty into these age-old yarns." Deepanjana Pal from Firstpost wrote, "I is too long, too stupid and too regressive to be entertaining" and also called it "superficial and the least fun Shankar film ever".I review: Vikram stars in a regressive, superficial and the least fun Shankar film ever. Firstpost.com (16 January 2015). Retrieved 15 April 2015. ===Accolades=== Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards 7 January 2016 Best Cinematographer Asianet Film Awards 7 February 2016 Most Popular Tamil Actor Asiavision Awards 18 November 2016 Excellence Award Edison Awards 14 February 2016 Mass Hero of the Year The Gorgeous Belle Best Editor Best Lyricist – for ("Pookkalae Sattru Oyivedungal") Best Playback Singer – Male – for ("Ennodu Nee Irundhaal") Iconic Spellbinder Best Stunt Director Filmfare Awards South 18 June 2016 Best Film – Tamil I Best Director – Tamil Best Actor – Tamil Best Music Director – Tamil Best Lyricist – Tamil – for ("Pookkalae Sattru Oyivedungal") – for ("Ennodu Nee Irundhaal") Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil – for ("Ennodu Nee Irundhaal") Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil – for ("Pookkalae Sattru Oyivedungal") IBNLive Movie Awards 7 March 2016 Best Actor Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards 28 April1 May 2016 Best Actor Best Lyricist Best Cinematographer South Indian International Movie Awards 30 June – 1 July 2016 Best Film – Tamil I Best Actor – Tamil Best Actress – Tamil Best Actor in a Negative Role – Tamil Best Lyricist – Tamil – for ("Ennodu Nee Irundhaal") Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil – for ("Ennodu Nee Irundhaal") == Notes == ==References== ==External links== * * * Category:2015 films Category:2010s Tamil-language films Category:2015 action thriller films Category:Bodybuilding films Category:Films shot in Bangkok Category:Films shot in China Category:Films shot in Bangalore Category:Films shot in Rajasthan Category:List of AA Films distributed Hindi Dubbed films Category:Indian romantic thriller films Category:Indian romantic action films Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films Category:Films directed by S. Shankar Category:Films about trans women Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman Category:Films shot in Mysore Category:Films shot in Chennai Category:Films set in China Category:Indian films about revenge
+I () is a 2016 Iranian film written and directed by Soheil Beiraghi. The film screened for the first time at the 34th Fajr Film Festival. == Plot == This film is the story of a woman named Azar who commits illegal acts against others and earns money in this way. The film's director said that "my first goal was to present a picture of an unusual woman and that I was going to portray her solo revolution against the law, the people and the norms of the surrounding society, and thus, the script was straightforward." == Cast == * Leila Hatami as Azar * Amir Jadidi as Arya * Behnoush Bakhtiari as Malihe * Mani Haghighi as Azar's reporter == Screening == === National === I film first screening was at the 34th Fajr Film Festival (February 2015). I started its screening out-of-festival on August 17, 2016, with a very low number of 14 cinemas and was extremely well received; So that after 10 days and only in 17 cinemas in Tehran and 10 cinemas in other cities, sales exceeded 600 million Tomans. The film became profitable in the second week of release and finally ended its national release on November 5 of the same year, with a total of three billion Tomans of domestic and foreign box office. === International === I film has participated in or been screened at festivals on four continents and in several countries. The film is also available at Amazon website. * Fajr Film Festival (Film's Domestic Festival) (1–11 February 2016/ Iran) The Best Supporting Actor "Amir Jadidi", The Best Supporting Actress "Behnoush Bakhtiari" * 20th POFF, Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, 11th - 27th Nov. 2016, Tallinn - Estonia (Forum Section) * 6th Iranian Film Festival, 10th - 21st Jan. 2017, Prague - Czech (competition section) * 7th London Iranian Film Festival, 28th Oct. - 7th Nov. 2016, London - UK * Museum of Fine Arts Houston, 20–22 January 2017, Houston, US * Museum of Fine Arts Boston, 26 and 28 January 2017, Boston, US * 6th Iranian Film Festival Australia, 20th Oct. - 13th Nov. 2016, Australia * Iranian Film Festival Zurich, May 2017, Zurich, Swiss * Smithsonian Institution, 11th Feb. 2017, Washington, US * Gene Siskel Film Center, 4th and 5th Feb. 2017, Chicago, US * Persian Cine Club, May 2017, Geneva, Swiss * China National Film Museum, 23 – 29 August 2017, Beijing, China * 15th Pune Int’l Film Festival, 12–19 January 2017, Pune - India * Guwahati Int'l Film Festival, October 28–2 November 2017, India == Awards == Year Award Category Recipient Result 2016 34th Fajr Film Festival New Vision I presence Willing of Simorgh I Best Supporting Actor Amir Jadidi Nominated Best Supporting Actress Behnoush bakhtiari 2017 The 19th Iran Cinema Festival Best Screenplay Soheil Beirghi Nominated Best Supporting Actress Behnoosh Bakhtiari Best Recording Nasser Entezari Best Voice Alireza Alaviyan == Commentary and controversy == === IRIB === Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) abstained from releasing the teaser trailers of I (Me) on the pretext that they had been shown on Gem TV, a Persian-language entertainment satellite channel. The film crew tried to convince them that they were unaware of the teaser's release on the satellite channel, but the IRIB's television commercial authorities simply asked for a property deed and did nothing more. The municipality made matters worse by not allowing the placement of any billboards or posters in public places which made the outdoor advertising of the movie practically impossible. On the other hand, the film's screening at the 34th Fajr International Film Festival in Mashhad was cancelled. If it weren't for the advertisements posted on the social networking platforms, I (Me) wouldn't be a box office success. The film was also ranked among the best works of the year by some film periodicals such as Film and 24. === Urban advertising and the press === Saeed Khani (producer) told ISNA that the film did not use TV, environmental and urban advertisements in any way and only managed to sell 600 million Tomans in ten days by using a team of 15 people to produce content in Social media. === Cancelling of the screening in Mashhad === I screening was canceled as part of the 34th Fajr Festival in Mashhad. === Using age ratings for promoting === Some critics have said that the phrase "watching this movie is not recommended for people under the age of 15" in the movie posters and teasers were used to advertise and attract teenage audiences to watch the movie, while the movie does not have such content. However, the agents stated that the age classification is determined by the show licensing council and its inclusion in the poster is the decision of this council. == Selling == Soheil Beirghi announced in the film's press conference that "if sales reach one billion and 10 million tomans, it will enter the profit stage." Therefore, this film, with a profit of 1 billion and 181 million tomans, has been able to more than double its production cost. To sell. The film's film monthly also called "Me" a "popular movie in theatres" which has garnered a lot of positive reviews from critics. == References == == External links == * Category:Films directed by Soheil Beiraghi
+"i" is the second album by A.R. Kane, released in 1989 on One Little Indian.Colin Larkin The Encyclopedia of Popular Music article on A.R. Kane 0857125958 2011 edition p.2006Buckley The Rough Guide to Rock article on A.R. Kane 2003 edition p39 The album engaged more overtly with pop, dance and electronic styles following the group's debut Sixty Nine. Like its predecessor, "i" was released to moderate sales figures and topped the UK independent charts. ==Reviews== In a mixed 1990 review, critic Greg Tate stated that the album "seems both more rudimentary and more calculating by comparison with the organic and uncontrived otherness of 69," noting their incorporation of "various received rock, reggae, and house song-forms" and opining that "the results are spotty." The AllMusic review by Jason Ankeny called the album "breathtaking in its scope and positively epic in its ambition," and concluded that, "largely overlooked upon its original release, i is still an underappreciated masterpiece." ==Track listing== == Personnel == *A.R. Kane – arranger, audio production, engineer, guitar, multi instruments, producer, string arrangements, vocals *Gini Ball, Sally Herbert, Jeremy Metcalfe – violin *Benny Di Massa – drums *Colin Cairns – bass *Sue Dench, Jocelyn Pook – viola *John Dent – cut, cutting engineer *The False Harmonies – strings *Lincoln Fong, Gerard Johnson, Paul Kendall, Nigel Kennedy, Gail Lambourne, Mick Roasty, Sam Smith, Ken Thomas, Jeff Ward – engineer *Girl, Lorna – vocals *Bonjo Iyabinghi Noah – percussion *Art Kane – arranger, engineer, instrumentation, producer, string arrangements *Maggie Tambala – bass, vocals *Martin McCarrick, Audrey Riley – cello *Billy McGee – string arrangements *Ray Shulman – bass, producer *Chris Tombling – balloon, violin *Halpin Grey Vermeir – cover design, design ==References== Category:1989 albums Category:A.R. Kane albums Category:One Little Independent Records albums
+I (Almost) Got Away with It is an American documentary television series on Investigation Discovery, debuting on January 12, 2010. The series profiles true stories of people who have committed crimes, and have avoided arrest or capture, but ultimately end up being caught. The series was created by executive producer David M. Frank of Indigo Films. ==Episodes== ===Season 1=== ===Season 2=== ===Season 3=== ===Season 4=== ===Season 5=== ===Season 6=== ===Season 7=== ===Season 8=== ==References== ==External links== * Category:2010s American documentary television series Category:2010 American television series debuts Category:2016 American television series endings Category:Investigation Discovery original programming
+I is the debut album from Wu-Tang Clan-affiliated producer Cilvaringz. Cilvaringz limited all production to in-house Wu-Tang producers only, a formula applied to Wu-Tang albums recorded between 1993 and 1997.Allmusic.com gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and an Album of the Month notation. I sold 62800 copies worldwide with the majority of sales in the United States. == Track listing == ==References== Category:2007 debut albums Category:Cilvaringz albums Category:Babygrande Records albums Category:Albums produced by RZA Category:Albums produced by Mathematics Category:Albums produced by Bronze Nazareth Category:Albums produced by 4th Disciple Category:Albums produced by Cilvaringz Category:Albums produced by True Master
+I is the debut studio album by Canadian hardcore punk band Cursed, released on February 25, 2003 via Deathwish Inc. (The title is rendered as "One" on the sleeve of the reissued album, and the context provided by the album's successors, II and III, reinforces the interpretation of the title as the Roman numeral.) It was recorded at Chemical Sound in Toronto, from October 19 to October 23, 2002. It received moderate critical acclaim. The album was reissued on vinyl by Trash Art! in 2007. ==Track listing== # Polygraph - 1:25 # God and Country - 4:16 # Promised Land - 1:00 # Bloody Mary - 2:03 # How Great Things Happen When You Give Up Hope - 6:32 # Nineteen Seventy Four - 2:50 # Negative Two Point Five - 2:05 # Guilt Parade - 3:14 # Another Day - 0:58 # Opposable Thumbs - 6:55 # Pariah - 1:14 # This Time Next Year (aka Dead or Alive) (unreleased track) - 2:08 ==Cultural reference== The song "God and Country" contains a reference to CCR's Fortunate Son (the line "some folks inherit star-spangled eyes"). ==References== Category:2003 debut albums Category:Cursed (band) albums Category:Deathwish Inc. albums Category:Albums produced by Kurt Ballou Category:Albums with cover art by Jacob Bannon
+I (И и; italics: И и) is a letter used in almost all Cyrillic alphabets with the exception of Belarusian. It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in "machine", or the near-close near-front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in "bin". ==History== Because the Cyrillic letter І was derived from the Greek letter Eta (Η η), the Cyrillic had the shape of up to the 13th century. The name of the Cyrillic letter І in the Early Cyrillic alphabet was (iže), meaning "which". In the Cyrillic numeral system, the Cyrillic letter І had a value of 8, corresponding to the Greek letter Eta. In the Early Cyrillic alphabet, there was little or no distinction between the letter and the letter , the latter of which was derived from the Greek letter Iota (Ι ι). Both remained in the alphabetical repertoire because they represented different numbers in the Cyrillic numeral system: eight and ten. In New Church Slavonic, they co-exist with each other with no pronunciation differences. But in Ukrainian and Rusyn, the two letters have different pronunciations. Other modern orthographies for Slavic languages eliminated one of the two letters in alphabet reforms of the 19th or the 20th centuries. The Russian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Bulgarian languages now use only , and Belarusian uses only . However, the letter was also used in Russian before the Bolshevik reform of 1918. ==Form== Originally, Cyrillic had the shape identical to the capital Greek letter Eta . The middle stroke was later turned counterclockwise, which resulted in the modern form resembling a mirrored capital Latin letter N and so is used in faux Cyrillic typography. However, the style of the two letters is not fully identical: in roman fonts, has heavier vertical strokes and serifs on all four corners, and has a heavier diagonal stroke and lacks a serif on the bottom-right corner. In roman and oblique fonts, the lowercase letter has the same shape as the uppercase letter . In italic fonts, the lowercase letter looks like the italic form of the lowercase Latin U . Both uppercase and lowercase handwritten forms of the Cyrillic letter I look like handwritten forms of the Latin letter U. == Usage == Since 1918, has been the tenth letter of the Russian alphabet, and in Russian, it represents , like the i in machine, except after some consonants (see below). In Russian, the letter typically denotes a preceding soft consonant and so is considered the soft counterpart to , which represents . However, unlike other "soft" vowels (, , and ), in isolation is not preceded by the semivowel. In Russian, the letter could be combined in the digraph (like , and ) to represent before it started around the 1950s, although that letter remains rare as people usually use (apparent confusion has remained in the transcription of some foreign words). was used significantly less in Russian before the Bolshevik reform of 1918: * ⟨і⟩ was used before all vowels and before the semivowel ⟨й⟩ except at the end of a morpheme in a compound word, where ⟨и⟩ was used. So англійскій (English) used ⟨і⟩, but пяти + акровый = пятиакровый (five-acre) used ⟨и⟩. * ⟨и⟩ was used as the last letter of a word and before consonants except in міръ for "world, universe, local community, commons, society, laity" (and words derived from it) to differentiate from миръ "peace"). After 1918, both are spelled мир. According to critics of the Bolshevik reform, the choice of Ии as the only letter to represent that side and the removal of Іі defeated the purpose of 'simplifying’ the language, as Ии occupies more space and, furthermore, is sometimes indistinguishable from Шш. is pronounced in (sounds like ), (sounds like ) and (sounds like ), because in Russian, the sound cannot be pronounced after "zh" , "sh" , and "ts" . In the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet is the ninth letter. It represents the sound and also occurs with a grave accent, ѝ, to distinguish orthographically the conjunction ("and") and the short form of the indirect object ("her"). In Kazakh, is used for and in native words and for in loanwords, and is used for in native words. In Belarusian, the letter (и) is not used at all, and the sound is represented by the letter , which is also known as Belarusian-Ukrainian I. The letter is the eleventh letter of the Ukrainian alphabet and represents the sound , a separate phoneme in Ukrainian. The Ukrainian can be transliterated to other languages that use the Cyrillic script by either and because of the lack of a uniform transliteration rule. Speakers of other Slavic languages can perceive Ukrainian as , , or sometimes even (see Ukrainian phonology for more on the pronunciation of ). The sound in Ukrainian is represented by the letter , just as in Belarusian. In the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, is the tenth letter of the alphabet. In Serbian, the letter represents , like the i in machine. In the Serbian Latin alphabet, the sound is represented by "I/i". In Macedonian, is the eleventh letter of the alphabet and represents the sound . It is transliterated from Russian as or from Ukrainian as or , depending on the romanization system. (See romanization of Russian and romanization of Ukrainian for more details.) In Tuvan, the letter can be written as a double vowel. === Stylistic uses === Due to its close resemblance to the Latin capital letter N, specifically as a "flipped" or "reflected" version of it, it is sometimes used stylistically as a replacement for N. This is commonly seen in Faux Cyrillic. The industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails notably use both N and И in its logo. The hard rock band Linkin Park have also used the glyph, particularly on the cover of their debut album Hybrid Theory. == Accented forms and derived letters == The vowel that is represented by can, as is the case for almost any other Slavonic vowel, be stressed or unstressed. The stressed variant is sometimes (in special texts like dictionaries or to prevent ambiguity) graphically marked by the acute, grave, the double grave, or the circumflex accent. Special Serbian texts also use with a macron to represent long unstressed variant of the sound. Serbian with a circumflex can be unstressed as well, which then represents the plural form of the genitive case to distinguish from other similar forms. Modern Church Slavonic orthography uses the smooth breathing sign (Greek and Church Slavonic: psili, Latin: spiritus lenis) above the initial vowels (for tradition alone since there is no difference in pronunciation). It can be combined with acute or grave accents if necessary. None of those combinations is considered to be a separate letter of respective alphabet, but one of them () has an individual code position in Unicode. with a breve forms the letter for the consonant or a similar semivowel, like the y in English "yes." The form has been used regularly in Church Slavonic since the 16th century, but it officially became a separate letter of alphabet only much later (in Russian in 1918). The original name of was I s kratkoy ('I with the short [line]'), later I kratkoye ('short I') in Russian. It is known similarly as I kratko in Bulgarian but as Yot in Ukrainian. Cyrillic alphabets of non-Slavic languages have additional -based letters like or . ==Related letters and similar characters== *Η η : Greek letter Eta *H h : Latin letter H *Ι ι : Greek letter Iota *I i : Latin letter I *Й й : Cyrillic letter Short I *І і : Cyrillic letter Dotted I ==Computing codes== ==References== ==External links== * * Category:Vowel letters
+I is an album by German band Die Krupps, released in 1992. Several songs on the album make use of film samples. On "Doppelgänger" and "The Power", samples of Star Wars can be heard. "One", which is a Metallica cover, contains samples from Born on the Fourth of July (1989), "Disciples of Discipline" contains samples from Omen III: The Final Conflict (1981). ==Track listing== ==Personnel== * Jürgen Engler – vocals, keyboard, guitar, samples * Ralf Dörper – samples * Rüdiger Esch – bass guitar * Volker Borchert – (live) drums * René Schütz – guitar on "Metal Machine Music", "Doppelgänger" and "The Dawning of Doom" * Frank Thoms – guitar on "Metal Machine Music", "Simply Say No" and "The Power and Rings of Steel" * Dirk Ivens – second voice on "The Dawning of Doom" ==References== Category:1992 albums Category:Die Krupps albums Category:Rough Trade Records albums
+I is the debut studio album by German DJ and record producer Felix Jaehn. It was released on 16 February 2018 by L'Agentur and Virgin Records. The album features guest vocals by Marc E. Bassy, Gucci Mane, Jasmine Thompson, Polina, Alma, and Herbert Grönemeyer. ==Track listing== Note: Tracklist adapted from iTunes. Notes * signifies a co-producer * signifies an additional producer * signifies a vocal producer * signifies an original producer ==Charts== Weekly chart performance for I Chart (2018) Peak position ==Certifications== ==References== ==External links== * Felix- Jaehn.com — official site Category:2018 debut albums
+I is the sixth studio album by Ikimono-gakari, released in Japan on July 24, 2013. It reached number one in the Oricon weekly charts for the week ending August 5 of that year making it the group's sixth consecutive number-one album. Consequently, Ikimono-gakari became the first mixed group in over seventeen years to achieve six consecutive number one albums on the Oricon weekly chart. == Release == The album was released in Japan on July 24, 2013 in two editions. The regular edition (ESCL-4091), had for its first pressings an Ikimono card #036 and a raffle ticket for additional prizes which included a T-shirt and a hand fan. The limited edition (ESCL-4089-90) included a DVD featuring a radio interview "イッキーモンキーのiラジオ" Ikkey Monkey's iRadio, a twelve- sided panorama photo shoot of the Ikimono-gakari members and a special box packaging to display pictures of the three members. The album contains five previously released tracks; four of which are A-side singles: "Haru Uta", "Kaze ga Fuiteiru", "1 2 3 ~Koi ga Hajimaru~" and "Egao". A fifth track, "Ashita no Sora", was the B-side to "1 2 3 ~Koi ga Hajimaru~". Though to an extent a reference to the songwriters themselves, the title "I" is largely a reference to the fact that the band had intended the listeners to develop a personal connection with the album and to give the impression that the songs were being sung from the listener's perspective. "I" is also significant for being the most common letter of the alphabet in "Ikimonogakari" and (when pronounced phonetically) sounds not only like 愛 ai the Japanese for love but also 哀 ai the Japanese for sadness, a reference to the emotions the band hopes convey to the listeners. ==Themes== Love is a common theme throughout the album, referenced frequently in "1 2 3 ~Koi ga Hajimaru~", "Koiato", "Nannde" and "Renaishousetsu". Whereas "1 2 3 ~Koi ga Hajimaru~", in keeping with previous singles such as "Kimagure Romantic" and "Natuzora Graffiti", describes the light-hearted and optimistic first love of a teenage girl, the others describe experiences of being broken hearted from various stages of adulthood, a theme which has rarely featured in recent Ikimono-gakari singles. "Ascending to the Capital" is also a common theme throughout later tracks, in particular "Tōkyō" and "Nukumori" where the theme is used as a metaphor to describe the emotions experienced by Yoshioka and Yamashita respectively in leaving their home town in Kanagawa prefecture behind to pursue a recording contract in the Japanese music industry. Various tracks hold individual references to the phonetic reading of the album title "I": "Koiato" references 逢い ai, the Japanese for meeting (often a loved one and often by chance) and "Kaze Koute Hana Yureru" refers to 藍 ai the Japanese for indigo. == Tie-ins == Tie-ins to media and commercial products. * "Kaze ga Fuiteiru" was the theme song for the NHK broadcasts of the London 2012 Summer Olympics. * "Haru Uta" was the theme song for the 2012 anime film Detective Conan: The Eleventh Striker. * "Egao" was the theme song for the 2013 Pokémon film ExtremeSpeed Genesect: Mewtwo Awakens. * "1 2 3 ~Koi ga Hajimaru~ " was used as a commercial song for Calpis in March 2013. * "My Sunshine Story" was used as a commercial song for the Nissan Serena from June 2013. ==Tour== The release of the album was followed by a tour of Japan entitled "いきものがかりの みなさん、こんにつあー!! 2013 ～ I ～" (To all Ikimono-gakari fans, hello tour! 2013 ~I~). In August 2013, during the build up to the tour, Ikimono-gakari released four trailers on their official site which included: interviews with vocalist Kiyoe Yoshioka, leader Yoshiki Mizuno and recording engineer for the album Toshirō Kai; as well as footage from previous tours. A total of twenty-five concerts were held, the first concert being held at Sun Dome Fukui in Fukui on September 1, 2013 and the last in Sun Arena in Mie on December 7, 2013. Concerts were also be held at: Yokohama Arena (Yokohama), Sendai Sekisui-Heim Super Arena (Sendai), Osaka-jō Hall (Osaka), Fukuoka Convention Center (Fukuoka), Makomanai Ice Arena (Sapporo), Ehime Budōkan (Ehime), Hiroshima Green Arena (Hiroshima), World Memorial Hall (Kobe), Ecopa Arena (Shizuoka), Nippon Budokan (Tokyo) and Nippon Gaishi Hall (Nagoya). Prior to the tour, it was expected that the tour would attract a total audience of two hundred thousand across the twenty-five concerts. ==Track listing== The source for romanized title tracks is Jpopasia.com (Source for track information: Ikimonogakari Official Site). English translations are unofficial. ==Release history== Country Date Format Label Japan July 24, 2013 digital download Epic Records Japan CD (ESCL-4091), 2CD limited edition (ESCL-4089-90) ==Charts== Chart (2013) Peak positions Sales Japan Billboard Top Albums 1 112,082 Japan Oricon Weekly Albums Chart 1 == Notes == ==References== ==External links== * Category:2013 albums Category:Ikimono-gakari albums Category:Albums produced by Seiji Kameda Category:Epic Records albums
+I is the debut studio album by Swedish metalcore band Imminence. The album was released on 9 September 2014 through We Are Triumphant Records and was produced by Christian Svedin. ==Critical reception== New Transcendence gave the album an almost perfect score 9/10 and saying: "In a word, Imminence are unique. Creative, crushing and catchy, they seamlessly stitch together the rough, warm cloth of metalcore with the smooth, thin silk of post-hardcore, making I a quilt that the listener will be anxious to wrap themselves in after a day in the freezing cold of monotonous metalcore." == Track listing == == Personnel == Imminence * Eddie Berg – lead vocals, violin, choir, art direction, illustration * Harald Barret – lead guitar, backing vocals * Alex Arnoldsson – rhythm guitar, piano recording * Fredrik Rosdahl – bass * Peter Hanström – drums Additional musicians * Niklas Johansson – cello * Ravn Hansen – piano Additional personnel * Christian Svedin – production, mixing, mastering, recording * Jakob Koc – design * Caroline Wallberg – logo == References == Category:2014 debut albums Category:Imminence (band) albums
+I is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, I is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter 13px|ng after having gone through the Gupta letter 13px. As an Indic vowel, "I" comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a vowel sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent "A" vowel. ==Āryabhaṭa numeration== Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The "I" sign was used to modify a consonant's value , but the independent vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself. ==Historic I== There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. I as found in standard Brahmi, 13px|I was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta 13px|I. Like all Brahmic scripts, Tocharian I 18px|I has an accompanying vowel mark for modifying a base consonant. In Kharoṣṭhī, the only independent vowel letter is for the inherent A. All other independent vowels, including I are indicated with vowel marks added to the letter A. ===Brahmi I=== The Brahmi letter 13px|I, I, is probably derived from the altered Aramaic Ayin 13px, and is thus related to the modern Latin O and Greek Omicron. Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi I can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. Brahmi I historic forms Ashoka (3rd-1st c. BCE) Girnar (~150 BCE) Kushana (~150-250 CE) Gujarat (~250 CE) Gupta (~350 CE) 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px ===Tocharian I=== The Tocharian letter 25px|I is derived from the Brahmi 13px|I. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a Fremdzeichen form. Tocharian consonants with I vowel marks Ki Khi Gi Ghi Ci Chi Ji Jhi Nyi Ṭi Ṭhi Ḍi Ḍhi Ṇi 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px Ti Thi Di Dhi Ni Pi Phi Bi Bhi Mi Yi Ri Li Vi 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px Śi Ṣi Si Hi 37px 37px 37px 37px ===Kharoṣṭhī I=== The Kharoṣṭhī letter I is indicated with the vowel mark 15px|I. As an independent vowel, I is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter A 15px|A. ==Devanagari I== I (इ) is a vowel of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|I, after having gone through the Gupta letter 13px|I. Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ઇ, and the Modi letter 𑘂. ===Devanagari Using Languages=== The Devanagari script is used to write the Hindi language, Sanskrit and the majority of Indo-Aryan languages. In most of these languages, इ is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. ==Bengali I== I (ই) is a vowel of the Bengali abugida. It is derived from the Siddhaṃ letter 13px|I, and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, इ. ===Bengali Script Using Languages=== The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the Bengali language and Assamese. In most languages, ই is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. ==Gujarati I== I (ઇ) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari I 13px|i, and ultimately the Brahmi letter 13px|i. ===Gujarati-using Languages=== The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ઇ is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. ==Javanese I== ==Telugu I== I (ఇ) is a vowel of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|I. It is closely related to the Kannada letter ಇ. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature. thumb|center|550px|Telugu I vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Ki, Khi, Gi, Ghi and Ngi. Note that how the vowel sign interacts with the base consonant is dependent on the location of the headline, the absence of a headline, and the presence of a tail to attach to. ==Malayalam I== I (ഇ) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|I, via the Grantha letter x15px|I i. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. ==Odia I== I (ଇ) is a vowel of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|I, via the Siddhaṃ letter x15px|I i. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia. Unlike other vowels, ଇ has an alternate subjoined matra form used on letters with an open top - ଖ (Kha), ଥ (Tha) and ଧ (Dha). ==Kaithi I== I (𑂅) is a vowel of the Kaithi abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|I, via the Siddhaṃ letter x15px|I I. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Kaithi usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Kaithi. ==Comparison of I== The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including I, are related as well. ==Character encodings of I== Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter I in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. I from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII. ==References== Category:Indic letters
+I is the seventh studio album by Japanese singer Juju. It was released on February 21, 2018, through Onenation. "I" became Juju's first solo number-one album on the Oricon Albums Chart. ==Background== I is Juju's first album in nearly a year and a half, since Snack Juju: Yoru no Request, and first studio album in over two years, since What You Want. The first pressing of the album includes a DVD featuring eight performances from Juju's Juju-en Special: Snack Juju Arena Tour 2017 concert held at Yokohama Arena on July 11, 2017. On November 6, 2017, Juju will announced she will be embarking on the Juju Hall Tour 2018 "I" in support of the album. The tour is set to commence on April 22, 2018 at the Mori no Hall 21 in Matsudo, Chiba. ==Commercial performance== I entered the daily Oricon Albums Chart at the number-one spot, selling 12,000 units sold. It debuted at the top of the weekly chart as well, logging sales of 29,000 copies. The album also debuted at number one on the Billboard Japan Top Albums Sales chart, and at number 2 on the Billboard Japan Hot Albums chart, where it missed out on the top spot to The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. ==Track listing== ==Charts== Chart (2018) Peak position Japan Weekly Albums (Oricon) 1 Japan Weekly Digital Albums (Oricon) 2 Japan Hot Albums (Billboard) 2 Japan Download Albums (Billboard) 2 Japan Top Albums Sales (Billboard) 1 ==Sales== ==References== ==External links== * New Album I Special Page Category:2018 albums Category:Juju (singer) albums Category:Onenation albums Category:Albums produced by her0ism
+"I" (stylized in lowercase) is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar featuring Ronald Isley of The Isley Brothers. It was released on September 23, 2014 as the lead single from Lamar's third studio album To Pimp a Butterfly. The song uses music from "That Lady", written by and originally performed by R&B; group The Isley Brothers, elements from which were re-recorded rather than being directly sampled from the original record. "I" won two awards at the 2015 Grammy Awards: Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song. ==Background== "i" was produced by Los Angeles producer Rahki, who also produced the song "Institutionalized". Although the version of "i" that appears on the album is drastically different from the single release, both versions contain a sample of the song "That Lady" by The Isley Brothers. Lamar personally visited Isley Brothers' lead vocalist Ronald Isley to ask his permission to sample the song: "I actually had to go to St. Louis and get the blessings from Ronald Isley," he said. "That was a trip. We got in the studio and just vibed and talked about how things were back then and how they are now, and you can actually hear him on the record with a few ad-libs that he actually did. We got it on camera and things like that, it’s a beautiful thing." Isley also performs on the song "How Much a Dollar Cost?" with singer-songwriter James Fauntleroy.NME News Desk (September 24, 2014). "NME News Kendrick Lamar says he visited Ronald Isley to ask to use 'That Lady' on new track 'I' | NME.COM". NME. The single cover for "i" features members of gangs the Bloods and the Crips forming a heart. On the subject of the cover art Lamar said in an interview with AMP Radio: "Where I'm from, there's a lot of gang culture and things like that, so instead of throwing on up gang signs, which we used to, I put a Blood and I put a Crip together and we’re throwing up hearts...sparking the idea of some type of change through music or through me because I go back to the city now and people give me the honor and respect that, you know, this kid can change a little bit something different that’s been going on in the community."HipHopDX (September 24, 2014). "Kendrick Lamar Discusses Blood, Crip Presence On "i" Cover Art". HipHopDX. The song's title has a significant connotation. In Hip Hop America, journalist Nelson George writes, "'i' is a powerful word in the vocabulary of the African American male," as it can be related to pride. While pride is one of the seven deadly sins, George's study explains how "this has been an invigorating source of self-empowerment," similar to the self-love Lamar preaches in his song. ==Music video== The video for the song premiered on Vevo and YouTube on November 4, 2014. It features cameos from singer Ron Isley and George Clinton. References are made to 2Pac and The Joker in the video. A short instrumental was played in the intro of the clip. The video is directed by Alexandre Moors. ==Critical reception and awards== "i" received critical acclaim from music critics. The track was placed at number ten on Rolling Stones 50 Best Songs of 2014 list. Billboard listed "i" as the second best song of 2014. "i" also was placed at number 14 on Spin's list of "The 101 Best Songs of 2014". In January 2015, "i" was ranked at number five on The Village Voices annual year-end Pazz & Jop critics' poll. "i" was nominated for Outstanding Music Video and Outstanding Song at the 46th NAACP Image Award. The song received two nominations at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards and won both Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song. == Chart performance == The song debuted and peaked at number 39 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it his fourth top 40 hit in the US. ==Usage in popular culture== The song has been used in film trailers for Top Five, Dope, How to Be Single, The Intern, and Roman J. Israel, Esq. In 2014, it was the official song for the NBA. It is featured in soundtrack for the 2018 video game Forza Horizon 4 as well. ==Track listing== * Digital download # "i" – 3:51 ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2014) Peak position ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2014) Position Australia Urban (ARIA)"ARIA Top 50 Urban Singles Chart". ARIA Charts. Retrieved August 17, 2018. 42 US Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) 65 ==Certifications== ==References== ==External links== * Category:2014 singles Category:Kendrick Lamar songs Category:Songs written by Kendrick Lamar Category:Interscope Records singles Category:Aftermath Entertainment singles Category:Top Dawg Entertainment singles Category:Songs written by Ronald Isley Category:Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance
+I is the first solo mini-album of South Korean singer Kim Jaejoong, a member of pop group JYJ. The EP was released on 17 January 2013 and is composed of rock songs, two of which were composed by Kim Ba-da from the rock band Sinawe. One of the songs, "나만의 위로" (Healing for Myself), was a soundtrack from the film Code Name: Jackal, which starred Jaejoong and Song Ji-hyo. The album was an immediate commercial success, with all 120,000 initial copies of the album selling out within two weeks. An additional 20,000 copies manufactured to cope with the high demand were similarly sold out. A repackaged edition titled Y, which includes two new tracks and two instrumental tracks, was released on 26 February 2013 and experienced similar success, with all 50,000 initial pressings of the album selling out within 24 hours of sale. ==Reception== The mini-album debuted at the top of both the Hanteo and Gaon weekly charts in Korea and broke previous pre-order records in Japan. The first single, "One Kiss", was released digitally on 8 January. The album debuted at number two on the Billboard World Chart. ==Track listing== ==Sales== Country Chart Edition Sales Cumulative Sales South Korea Gaon Physical Sales I 148,074 210,074 Y 62,000 Japan Oricon Physical Sales I 22,994 31,753 Y 8,759 ==Chart positions== ===Weekly album charts=== Country Chart Peak position South Korea Gaon Weekly Album Chart 1 Hanteo Weekly Chart 1 Japan Oricon Weekly Albums Chart 8 United States Billboard World Albums Chart 2 ===Monthly album charts=== Country Chart Peak position South Korea Gaon Monthly Album Chart 2 Hanteo Monthly Chart 2 Japan Oricon Monthly Albums Chart 29 ===Singles charts=== Country Chart Song Peak position South Korea Gaon Weekly Single Chart "Mine" 8 "One Kiss" 15 "Healing for Myself" 99 ===Other charts=== Country Chart Song Peak Position Thailand Channel [V] Asian Chart "Mine" 1 China YinYueTai Korea V Chart 1 Germany German Asian Music Chart 1 South Korea KBS Music Bank "Only Love" 16 ==References== ==External links== * Official music video of "Mine" Category:2013 EPs Category:A&G; Modes EPs Category:Kim Jae-joong albums Category:JYJ albums
+I (Originally titled as Kingston Wall) is the debut album from the Finnish group Kingston Wall. This album was originally released under the band's own record label, Trinity, in 1992. It was also licensed and released in Japan by Japanese Zero record label. Both of these prints have been sold-out in the 1990s and are considered somewhat collector's items. The original Trinity print featured a psychedelic cartoon drawing inside the album cover booklet. The Japanese print included English lyrics in the jewel case insert booklet as well as Japanese translations of the lyrics. In 1998, Finnish record label Zen Garden (later Sony BMG Finland) re-released the whole Kingston Wall discography as remastered versions along with a 2-disc limited print-version of each album which included a Bonus CD featuring rare/unreleased studio and live material. These 2-disc versions have also been sold-out and are considered collectibles. The album is still available as a remastered 1-disc version from Zen Garden (2006). ==Track listing== *All song written by Kingston Wall, except where noted. :1. "With My Mind" - 4:39 :2. "Used to Feel Before" - 4:02 :3. "I'm Not the One" - 3:43 :4. "Fire" - 2:58 (Jimi Hendrix) :5. "Waste of Time" - 6:26 :6. "Nepal" - 8:37 :7. "And I Hear You Call" - 4:55 :8. "Tanya" - 3:51 :9. - 16. "Mushrooms" - 21:09 ::I Prelude 1:18 ::II On My Own 6:50 ::III The Weep 2:01 ::IV Mushrooms 3:04 ::V Circumstances 2:18 ::VI Captain Relief 2:15 ::VII More Mushrooms 2:07 ::VIII The Answer 1:16 ===1998 re-issue limited edition bonus CD=== #"Freak-Out Intro" (live) – 2:13 (Kingston Wall) #"Purple Haze" (live) – 3:43 (J. Hendrix) #"Call Me the Breeze" (live) – 4:23 (J. J. Cale) #"Rocky Raccoon" (live) – 3:44 (McCartney & Lennon) #"Western Plain" (live) – 1:10 (Lead Belly) #"Freak-Out Outro" (live) – 3:54 (Kingston Wall) Live from Kingston Wall Freak-Out Club at Live Marathon, Helsinki, Autumn -91 ==Personnel== *Petri Walli - guitars, vocals, mixing *Jukka Jylli - bass, backing vocals, Egyptian horn on "Circumstances" *Sami Kuoppamäki - drums, percussion *Tom Vuori - mixing *Pauli Saastamoinen, Robert Palomäki - remastering (1998 reissue) *Kie Von Hertzen - cover design, illustrations *Mark Flynn - Sound effects, rambling on "More Mushrooms" and "Circumstances" *Petteri Vilkki - technical support, colors *Joni Vihervä - photography ==References== Category:1992 debut albums Category:Kingston Wall albums
+"I" is a song by the American rock band Kiss from their 1981 studio album Music from “The Elder”. It was the album's second single. == Background and writing == It is the 11th and last track on the Kiss 1981 studio album Music from “The Elder”. The song was written by Bob Ezrin and Gene Simmons and produced by Bob Ezrin. ==Personnel== *Paul Stanley – lead vocals, rhythm guitar *Gene Simmons – lead vocals, bass guitar *Ace Frehley - lead guitar, backing vocals *Eric Carr – percussion, backing vocals *Bob Ezrin - percussion *Allan Schwartzberg – drums == Reception == Brett Weiss's Encyclopedia of Kiss characterizes the song as "celebratory, fist-pumping, foot-stomping". == Commercial performance == The song reached No. 62 in Germany and No. 48 in the Netherlands. Kiss has a "forgotten" music video of this song on YouTube. == Charts == Chart (1981) Peak position Germany 62 == References == == External links == * Kiss – "I" at Discogs Category:1981 songs Category:1981 singles Category:Kiss (band) songs Category:Casablanca Records singles Category:Songs written by Bob Ezrin Category:Songs written by Gene Simmons Category:Song recordings produced by Bob Ezrin
+I (also: i) is the debut album of Norwegian singer-songwriter Kurt Nilsen. It was released on 8 September 2003 through BMG Norway. The album topped the charts in Norway, also reaching the top 10 in Belgium, and the top 20 in Germany. ==Track listing== # "Here She Comes" (Kurt Nilsen, Dag Ove Nilsen, Geir Johannessen) # "All You Have to Offer" (Nilsen, Nilsen) # "Breathe You In" (Christian Nystrøm, Nilsen, Nilsen) # "Last Day of Summer" (Nilsen, Nilsen) # "Lost in Despair" (Nilsen, Nilsen) # "Games We Play" (Andreas Johnson) # "Sue Me" (Nilsen, Nilsen, Johannessen) # "Wedding's Off" (Nilsen, Nilsen) # "Ordinary World" (Simon Le Bon, John Taylor, Warren Cuccurullo, Nick Rhodes) # "She's So High" (Tal Bachman) # "Smell the Roses" (Nilsen, Nilsen) # "I" (Nilsen, Nilsen) ==Charts== Chart (2003) Peak position ==References== Category:2003 debut albums Category:Kurt Nilsen albums Category:19 Recordings albums
+"I" (stylized as "i") is a song by American rapper Lil Skies, released as the second single from his debut studio album Shelby on March 1, 2019. The track reminisces on Skies' past experiences with love and personal struggles among other memories. == Music video == On February 28, 2019, Cole Bennett uploaded the music video for "I" on his YouTube account. The music video currently has over 95 million views as of July 2022. ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2019) Peak position Canada (Canadian Hot 100) 51 New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) 6 US Billboard Hot 100 39 US Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) 17 ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2019) Position US Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) 100 ==Certifications== ==References== Category:2019 songs Category:2019 singles Category:Atlantic Records singles Category:Lil Skies songs Category:Songs written by Kevin Gomringer Category:Songs written by Tim Gomringer Category:Songs written by Lil Skies Category:Song recordings produced by Cubeatz
+I was a streetcar route in Los Angeles, California. It was owned and operated by the Los Angeles Railway. ==History== The route was created from a former section of the West 1st and West 6th Street Line in 1919. It ran from 2nd and San Pedro to Alvarado and West 6th, mainly on West 1st Street. In the rerouting scheme of 1920, the route was shortened to 2nd and Broadway at the eastern end. It was given the letter designation I in 1921. Further rounds of truncation occurred between 1921 and 1932, usually related to road works. These left the outbound terminal at Bonnie Brae Street, where passengers could connect to a D car. Service ceased after November 1, 1939. ==Sources== ==External links== * I Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway services introduced in 1919 Category:1919 establishments in California Category:1939 disestablishments in California
+I is the fifth EP by Swedish extreme metal band Meshuggah. It was released on 13 July 2004 via Fractured Transmitter Recording Company. A remastered reissue was released on 30 September 2014. The "Special Edition" adds "Bleed" and "Dancers to a Discordant System" live from The Ophidian Trek and Pitch Black. ==Background== Meshuggah drummer Tomas Haake said of the EP, "That whole track was written and recorded just on random. Me and Fredrik would just jam on something, and when we found something that was kind of cool, he would walk into the control room. I would just record drums and it wasn't a set pattern, I would just kind of stray away from the pattern, but just keep going in that vibe. Then we had to chart everything and go bar by bar to record the guitars afterwards, because it's all just random." Thordendal would later post the chart of the first part of the song on his Instagram account. Haake later commented that the song was "originally recorded for Jason Popson's Fractured Transmitter record label" and that it was a "'one-off' that Nuclear Blast gave us the go-ahead for — as we were under contract with them." ==Track listing== The original vinyl release has track 1 on side A, and tracks 2-4 on side B while the 2016 re-issue only has track 1 ==Personnel== * Tomas Haake – drums * Mårten Hagström – rhythm guitar *Jens Kidman – vocals * Fredrik Thordendal – lead guitar, bass ==References== Category:Meshuggah albums Category:2004 EPs

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+K, or k, is the eleventh letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is kay (pronounced ), plural kays."K" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "kay," op. cit. The letter K usually represents the voiceless velar plosive. == History == Egyptian hieroglyph D Proto-Sinaitic K Proto-Canaanite kap Phoenician kaph Greek Kappa Latin K d 25px 25px 25px 40px Latin K The letter K comes from the Greek letter Κ (kappa), which was taken from the Semitic kaph, the symbol for an open hand."K". The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1977, online This, in turn, was likely adapted by Semitic tribes who had lived in Egypt from the hieroglyph for "hand" representing /ḏ/ in the Egyptian word for hand, ⟨ḏ-r-t⟩ (likely pronounced in Old Egyptian). The Semites evidently assigned it the sound value instead, because their word for hand started with that sound. K was brought into the Latin alphabet with the name ka /kaː/ to differentiate it from C, named ce (pronounced /keː/) and Q, named qu and pronounced /kuː/. In the earliest Latin inscriptions, the letters C, K and Q were all used to represent the sounds and (which were not differentiated in writing). Of these, Q was used before a rounded vowel (e.g. 'ego'), K before /a/ (e.g. 'calendis'), and C elsewhere. Later, the use of C and its variant G replaced most usages of K and Q. K survived only in a few fossilized forms such as Kalendae, "the calends". After Greek words were taken into Latin, the Kappa was transliterated as a C. Loanwords from other alphabets with the sound were also transliterated with C. Hence, the Romance languages generally use C, in imitating Classical Latin's practice, and have K only in later loanwords from other language groups. The Celtic languages also tended to use C instead of K, and this influence carried over into Old English. == Pronunciation and use == Pronunciations of Kk Language Dialect(s) Pronunciation (IPA) Environment Notes Esperanto hard Faroese hard soft Greek soft Latinization hard Latinization Icelandic soft soft, lenited hard hard, lenited Mandarin Standard Pinyin latinization Norwegian soft hard Swedish hard soft Turkish soft hard === English === English is now the only Germanic language to productively use "hard" (outside the digraph ) rather than (although Dutch uses it in loan words of Latin origin, and the pronunciation of these words follows the same hard/soft distinction as in English). The letter is silent at the start of an English word when it comes before the letter , as in the words "knight," "knife," "knot," "know," and "knee". Like J, X, Q, and Z, the letter K is not used very frequently in English. It is the fifth least frequently used letter in the English language, with a frequency in words of about 0.8%. === Number === In the International System of Units (SI), the SI prefix for one thousand is kilo-, officially abbreviated as k: for example, prefixed to metre/meter or its abbreviation m, kilometre or km signifies a thousand metres. As such, people occasionally represent numbers in a non-standard notation by replacing the last three zeros of the general numeral with K, as in 30K for 30,000. === Other languages === In most languages where it is employed, this letter represents the sound (with or without aspiration) or some similar sound. === Other systems === The International Phonetic Alphabet uses for the voiceless velar plosive. == Related characters == === Ancestors, descendants and siblings === * 𐤊 : Semitic letter Kaph, from which the following symbols originally derive * Κ κ/ϰ : Greek letter Kappa, from which K derives * К к : Cyrillic letter Ka, also derived from Kappa * K with diacritics: Ƙ ƙ, Ꝁ ꝁ, Ḱ ḱ, Ǩ ǩ, Ḳ ḳ, Ķ ķ, ᶄ, Ⱪ ⱪ, Ḵ ḵ ** Ꞣ and ꞣ were used in Latvian orthography before 1921 *The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of the letter K: ** ** ** *ₖ : Subscript small k was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 *Ʞ ʞ : Turned capital and small k were used in transcriptions of the Dakota language in publications of the American Board of Ethnology in the late 19th century. Turned small k was also used for a velar click in the International Phonetic Alphabet but its use was withdrawn in 1970. *𝼐 : Small capital turned k is used as a click letter *𝼃 : Small letter reversed k is used as a Voice Quality Symbol (VoQS) === Ligatures and abbreviations === * ₭ : Lao kip * Ꝃ ꝃ, Ꝅ ꝅ : Various forms of K were used for medieval scribal abbreviations == Computing codes == : 1 == Other representation == == Other usage == * "K" replacing "C" in satiric misspelling. * K is the unit symbol for the kelvin, used to measure thermodynamic temperature (note: degree sign is not used with kelvin scale). * K is the chemical symbol for element potassium (from its Latin name ). * Triangle K. * Unit prefix k, meaning 1000 times. * Josef K is the name of the principal character in Franz Kafka's novel The Trial. * In chess notation, the letter K represents the King (WK for White King, BK for Black King). * In baseball scoring, the letter K is used to represent a strikeout. A forwards oriented K represents a "strikeout swinging"; a backwards oriented K (9px) represents a "strikeout looking". * As abbreviation for OK, often used in emails and short text messages. * K is used as a slang term for Ketamine among recreational drug users. * In the CMYK color model, K represents black ink. * In International Morse code it is used to mean "over". * In fracture mechanics, K is used to represent the stress intensity factor. * In physics, k usually stands for Boltzmann's constant * K (logic). * K is used colloquially to mean kilometre (as in "a 10K run"). * K is used to indicate thousands, especially when expressing amounts of money, e.g. $20K = twenty thousand dollars. * In the United Kingdom under the old system (before 2001), a licence plate that begins with "K" for example "K123 XYZ" would correspond to a vehicle registered between August 1, 1992, and July 31, 1993. Again under the old system, a licence plate that ends with "K" for example "ABC 123K" would correspond to a vehicle that was registered between August 1, 1971, and July 31, 1972. * On Idaho license plates, an initial K in the plate number indicates it was issued in Kootenai County. == References == == External links == * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters
+The K & D Group, of Willoughby, Ohio, is an American major real-estate holder of numerous prominent office and residential properties in Northeast Ohio. K&D; Properties was originally established as a partnership by Douglas E. Price, III and Karen M. Paganini in 1984. The partnership began purchasing and renovating properties and formed K&D; in 1998 to manage and acquire future properties. Today, as Northeast Ohio’s largest privately owned property management and development firm, K&D; owns and manages over 45 apartment communities, consisting of nearly 10,000 units throughout Northeast Ohio, and includes properties attractive to high, moderate, and lower income individuals and families. Mr. Price functions as K&D;’s Chief Executive Officer, and Mrs. Paganini is its President. In 2016, it was announced by CEO Douglas Price III that the K&D; Group had purchased the historic Cleveland landmark, The Terminal Tower, for $38.5 million. This purchase was part of a $100 million project to transform floors four through 15 into luxury apartments. In 2021, K&D; was criticized for its slow response to flooding in its apartments at Terminal Tower. == Properties == Retrieved on 2015-10-21 * Terminal Tower * 668 Euclid Avenue * 1717 East Ninth BuildingMcFee, Michelle Jarboe (March 22, 2012). "K&D; Group plans to buy, remake East Ohio Building in downtown Cleveland as 223 apartments by 2014". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved 12 December 2012. * Halle BuildingMcFee, M.J. (December 4, 2014). K&D; Group buys Halle Building, garage from Forest City, plans 240-unit apartment conversion. The Plain Dealer * Hanna BuildingMcfee, M. J. (September 12, 2012). K&D; Group closes Hanna Building Annex deal, will start construction on Playhouse Square apartments. The Plain Dealer. * Keith BuildingMcFee, M.J. (February 19, 2015). K&D; Group set to buy Keith Building at Playhouse Square - but not for apartments. The Plain Dealer * Leader BuildingMcFee, M. J. http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2014/08/leader_building_in_downtown_cl.html Leader Building in Downtown Cleveland Fetches 5.4 Million in Sale to K&D; Group Retrieved on 2015-09-06 * Reserve SquareBullard, Stan. K&D; buys Reserve Square, Crain's Cleveland Business. 2005-08-31. * Stonebridge Condos * Stonebridge Plaza * Franklin Hall * 55 Public Square * Artcraft Building ==References== Category:Holding companies of the United States
+The K & L Avenue Landfill, also known by the spelling K&L; Avenue Landfill, is an Superfund site accessed from KL Avenue in Oshtemo Township, Kalamazoo County, Michigan. It is one of six Superfund sites in the Kalamazoo River watershed. The site was used as a sanitary landfill, first by Oshtemo Township from the 1960s until 1968, and then by Kalamazoo County. Landfill operations stopped in 1979 upon the discovery of contaminants in residential wells. Groundwater in the area was found to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds, phenols, and heavy metals, with localized polychlorinated biphenyl contamination in soils. In 1980 and 1981, impacted residences variously had new wells installed or were connected to a public water supply by the Kalamazoo County government. Additional residences were transferred to public water supplies in 1999 and 2004. In 2005 and 2006, a landfill cap was constructed, and in March 2008, the landfill's passive gas vents were replaced with a gas extraction system intended to address the generation of methane by the landfill. Groundwater contaminants determined to be (or to have formerly been) present at the site include: == See also == * List of Superfund sites in Michigan == References == Category:Superfund sites in Michigan Category:Geography of Kalamazoo County, Michigan Category:Landfills in the United States
+K is a 2002 film directed by Iranian American multimedia artist Shoja Azari, based on three short stories by Franz Kafka - "The Married Couple," "In the Penal Colony" and "A Fratricide." - which are all performed by the same group of actors. ==External links== * Category:2002 films Category:2002 drama films Category:Films based on multiple works Category:Films based on short fiction Category:Films based on works by Franz Kafka Category:American drama films Category:2000s English-language films Category:2000s American films
+The K Eighth Avenue Local, earlier the AA, was a rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. Its route bullet was colored on station signs, car rollsigns, and the official subway map since it ran on the IND Eighth Avenue Line. The K operated during midday, evenings, and weekends, making local stops between 168th Street in Washington Heights, Manhattan and World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan via Central Park West and Eighth Avenue in Manhattan. During late night hours, the A express made local stops on the IND Eighth Avenue Line. During rush hours, the , formerly the , ran between Bedford Park Boulevard and Euclid Avenue, replacing the K as the local on Eighth Avenue. It was discontinued in 1988 as part of a series of major service changes. ==History== ===Service as the AA=== thumb|Sixth Avenue Subway Will Be Opened to the Public at 12:01 A.M. Sunday, Dec 15, 1940 and AA service began on September 10, 1932 with the opening of the IND Eighth Avenue Line. The Independent Subway System (IND) used single letters to refer to express services and double letters for local services. The ran express and the AA ran local, from 168th Street to Hudson Terminal (now World Trade Center). The AA ran at all times, and it was extended to 207th Street during nights and on Sundays when the did not run. When the Eighth Avenue Line was extended to Jay Street–Borough Hall on February 1, 1933 the AA was extended there evenings and Sundays, when the did not run. On July 1, 1933, the AA was suspended when the Concourse Line opened and the new service provided local service on Eighth Avenue in its place. A service began running express in Manhattan at all times. AA service was restored as part of changes made in conjunction with the opening of the IND Sixth Avenue Line on December 15, 1940. The AA would only run during non-rush hours and Saturday late afternoon through all day Sunday service to Chambers Street. Rush hours, which at the time included Saturday mornings and afternoons, the AA did not run; it was replaced by the BB (later ) service, which instead ran on the Sixth Avenue Line. On January 5, 1952, AA service began operating during Saturday mornings and afternoons, replacing BB service. This pattern was unchanged until August 28, 1977, when late night service was replaced by an all local service. ===Service as the K=== thumb|This brochure was published in 1985 to explain the relabeling of double- letter subway services, including the creation of the K. On May 6, 1985, as part of the elimination of double letters, the AA was renamed the K. This service operated between 168th Street and World Trade Center during midday, evenings, and weekends. During late night hours, the A express made local stops on the Eighth Avenue Line. During rush hours, the , formerly the , ran between Bedford Park Boulevard and Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street, replacing the K as the local on Eighth Avenue. This change was not officially reflected in schedules until May 24, 1987. thumb|right|To scale line map On December 11, 1988, as part of the widespread service changes that day, the K was discontinued, being replaced by the train, which was expanded from its rush- hour only service to include midday service between 145th Street and Euclid Avenue, early evening (until 9 p.m.) service from 145th Street to World Trade Center, and weekend service matching the former K between 168th Street and World Trade Center. The was also expanded to middays to match part of the former K. == Final route == === Service pattern === The following table shows the lines used by the K service: Line From To Tracks IND Eighth Avenue Line 168th Street World Trade Center Local === Stations === For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above. 20px|K service Stations Subway transfers Connections Manhattan Manhattan Manhattan Manhattan Manhattan (IND Concourse Line) all times|link=List_of_New_York_City_Subway_services#Time_periods D8px|all times|link=List_of_New_York_City_Subway_services#Time_periods (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line), (IRT Flushing Line), (BMT Broadway Line), S 8px|all times|link=List_of_New_York_City_Subway_services#Time_periods (42nd Street Shuttle) at Times Square–42nd Street Port Authority Bus Terminal Note: Yellow B and D services discontinued Amtrak, LIRR, NJ Transit at Pennsylvania Station (BMT Canarsie Line) all times|link=List_of_New_York_City_Subway_services#Time_periods JFK 8px|all times except late nights|link=List_of_New_York_City_Subway_services#Time_periods (IND Sixth Avenue Line) PATH at Note: Grand Street Shuttle and JFK Express discontinued (IND Eighth Avenue Line at ) (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at ) PATH at == References == Category:1988 disestablishments Category:Defunct New York City Subway services
+K (Hondeghem) Battery is a battery of 5th Regiment Royal Artillery in the Royal Artillery. It currently serves in the Surveillance and Target Acquisition role and is equipped with MAMBA, a type of weapon locating radar. ==History== K Battery was formed by the East India Company as 2nd Troop Bengal Horse Artillery on 4 August 1809 in Acra, India, with the majority of the other ranks being British. This fact and that the battery were all mounted to ensure greater manoeuvrability, was unusual during this period. During the next 100 years the battery came under command of the Bengal Horse Artillery then the Royal Horse Artillery and is now under command of the Royal Artillery. In 1939, K Battery was the last Royal Horse Artillery battery to be mechanised. At outbreak of the Second World War, K Battery was the current Riding Troop at St John's Wood, and the battery joined 5th RHA, serving alongside G Battery, as part of the British Expeditionary Force during the Fall of France, consisting of D, E and F Troops. It was during the retreat to Dunkirk in 1940 with the British Expeditionary Force, that the battery gained its honour title. With the BEF retreating towards the Belgian coast as the German forces streamed through Belgium, the small village of Hondeghem lay on one of the Germans' main lines of advance and it became essential to hold it. However, the only troops available were K Battery and a detachment of one officer and 80 men of the 2nd Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery. The battery was armed with First World War Mark II 18-pounder guns which had been modernised by the fitting of road wheels and pneumatic tyres. Two of the guns of 'F' Troop were situated inside the village and the other two on the outskirts of the village. At about 07:30 on the morning of the 27 May the enemy, in the form of 6th Panzer Division, appeared and were engaged by the two outer guns. These guns destroyed several enemy vehicles and two or three tanks as they approached. An enemy tank closed on gun of J Sub Section firing its machine gun, the number 2 was killed. The tank then fired its main armament and scored a direct hit killing another member of the detachment and wounding Gunner Manning and Troop Sergeant Major Opie. Small arms fire poured into the gun pit wounding Gunner Manning again, but he gallantly insisted on remaining in action. The enemy tank was then engaged by the gun of I Sub Section just before it was destroyed while enemy infantry dashed in and captured the last few men of J Sub Section. Gunner Manning was taken to hospital by the Germans but died later of his injuries. The battle then surged into the streets of the village, with continuous, violent and sometimes confused street fighting was carried out for the next eight hours. The two remaining guns kept firing throughout at a very reduced range, as the Germans tried to establish machine guns in the upper windows of the houses. Throughout the day, as the battle continued, the guns were constantly being moved to fresh targets firing at 100 yards or less, but by 3pm the gun ammunition began running short, so the artillerymen used their rifles to fire at any Germans who showed their heads. Then at 4:15pm it was decided to try to save the last two guns and the survivors of the small force headed towards St Sylvestre, where the village was found to be occupied by the Germans with both infantry and medium tanks. It was now that the troop commander decided that the best course of action was to charge the enemy without delay. So at his command every man shouted at the top of their voice and assaulted the German position. The Germans lost their nerve and ran. After firing what little ammunition they had into the surrounding countryside, the little column resumed its retreat. The battery had suffered heavy losses, with 'F' Troop alone losing 45 men out of 63. However, they were rewarded with Major Hoare being awarded the D.S.O., Captain Teacher the M.C., Battery Sergeant Major Millard receiving the D.C.M., and Gunner Kavanagh was honoured with the M.M. In addition three men were Mentions-In-Despatches. After evacuation at Dunkirk the battery was rebuilt, with men from it going to help form CC Battery, as part of the re-organisation of the Royal Artillery, with the battery consisting of D and E/F Troops. It then, served along with G Battery and CC Battery, in 5th RHA, originally sailing to the Middle East as part of 8th Armoured Division, before 5 RHA joined 7th Armoured Division. It served in North Africa, Italy and North West Europe. ==See also== *British Army *Royal Artillery *Royal Horse Artillery *List of Royal Artillery Batteries *Bengal Horse Artillery Batteries ==References== ==Bibliography== * ==External links== * *The Royal Artillery Association *Royal Artillery Today *Ubique Collection *Fire Power Museum Category:Royal Artillery batteries Category:1809 establishments in British India Category:Military units and formations established in 1809
+K was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1913 to 1941. ==History== The East Jefferson and 38th Street line opened on February 1, 1913. It ran from Main Street and Jefferson Avenue to East 38th Street and Ascot Avenue via Jefferson, Central Avenue, and East 38th Street. Service was extended to USC in 1918. The route was given the letter designation K in 1921. Between 1932 and 1933, the line saw numerous reroutes. On September 11, 1933 the line began its ultimate routing, running from Ascot Avenue and East 38th Street to South Vermont Avenue and Florence Avenue. (38th Street was renamed to 41st Street in 1937.) The line was discontinued on October 5, 1941 and service from Jefferson and Vermont Avenues to USC was thereafter provided by the U line. The abandoned section became the basis for the company's bus route 18. ==Sources== ==External links== * K Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway lines opened in 1913 Category:Railway lines closed in 1941 Category:1913 establishments in California Category:1941 disestablishments in California
+The Tutts are a five-piece New Zealand rock band who, on the 21 November 2006, released their first single, titled "K". The song "K" is featured on C4, a New Zealand music television station, as the C4 "theme song". Also featured on the CD single is "WhiteOut", the Tutts second single. "K" reached number 19 on the New Zealand Singles Chart. There has also been a music video produced, which was funded by New Zealand On Air, and features on C4's music television programme, "Select Live". The video can be found here . This video won the "Best Breakthrough Video" award, in the 2006 Juice TV (another New Zealand music television station) Awards. The Tutts were also invited to perform "K" at the 2006 New Zealand Music Awards. The Tutts have performed "K" at the Big Day Out 2006-07. Category:2006 singles
+K is the debut album by English psychedelic rock band Kula Shaker, released on 16 September 1996. A concept album, themed on Indian mysticism, it became the fastest selling debut album in Britain since Elastica's debut the previous year, selling over 130,000 copies in the first week. The album reached the number-one position on the UK Albums Chart and number 200 on the US Billboard 200. It was voted number 879 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000). The Grateful Dead's psychedelic rock style is an influence on Kula Shaker's first and second albums. The hidden track after "Hollow Man" is a recording of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, speaking about his own guru. ==Artwork== The cover art (by comic-book artist Dave Gibbons) consists of various images related to the letter K, including: John F. Kennedy, Lord Kitchener, Karl Marx, Gene Kelly, Katharine Hepburn, Ken Dodd, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Danny Kaye, Kal-El (Superman), Boris Karloff (as Frankenstein's monster), Krishna, King Kong, Martin Luther King Jr., two Knights (a pair of Keys on one of them), a Kettle, Kali, the Kaiser, Nikita Khrushchev, Grace Kelly, the number 11 (symbolizing K), and Rudyard Kipling's book Kim. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== Kula Shaker *Crispian Mills – singing, electric and acoustic guitars, tamboura *Alonza Bevan – bass, piano, tabla, backing vocals *Paul Winterhart – drums *Jay Darlington – organ, Mellotron, piano Guest musicians *Wajahat Kahn – sarod (on "Sleeping Jiva") *Himangsu Goswami – tabla (on "Govinda" and "Jerry Was There") *Gouri Choudhury – backing vocals (on "Govinda", credited as "Gouri") *The Kick Horns – horns (on "Start All Over") ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Weekly chart performance for K Chart (1996–1997) Peak position ===Year-end charts=== Year-end chart performance for K Chart (1996) Position UK Albums (OCC) 16 Chart (1997) Position UK Albums (OCC) 38 ==Certifications== ==References== ==External links== *K at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed) Category:Kula Shaker albums Category:1996 debut albums Category:Albums produced by John Leckie Category:Columbia Records albums Category:Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy Category:Cultural depictions of Martin Luther King Jr. Category:Cultural depictions of Nikita Khrushchev Category:Cultural depictions of Wilhelm II Category:Cultural depictions of Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener
+thumb|right|The cider and an example of a K cider can K is a cider manufactured and distributed by C&C; Group plc. ==In the UK== Advertised under the slogan 'The Mark of Quality', the canned version available in the UK was initially 8.4% ABV. At one time, two bottled versions were available, one at 8.4% and the "K6" at 6.3%. The price of the 500 ml can was £1.39. As of 2017, the cans' ABV was reduced to 8%, and had a reduced retail price of £1.09. As of 2020, its ABV was reduced yet again to 7.5%. ==In the U.S.== A bottled version was available in the U.S. at 6.9% ABV. As of 2010, K is no longer available in the U.S. with the exception of special orders. ==The look== Cans and bottles of K have a distinctive trade dress, coloured black with a scarlet K in the centre of the container. ==References== Category:Somerset ciders Category:British brands Category:Brands of cider
+Krishna Kumar, better known by his stage name K, is an Indian music composer. ==Background== K did his schooling at Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan, Chennai, where he took lessons in playing the keyboard. He quickly progressed and finished Grade 8 certificate exams in music with the Trinity College of Music, London. K graduated in genetic engineering (BTech) from SRM University, Chennai. His musical talent found an outlet when he joined his first rock band aged 12, and then played with a successful funk/rock and roll band ‘Panatella’ for several years after that. He moved to creating jingles for advertisements and corporate films, singing several songs for the same. ==Music career== In the year 2010, K was brought on board for director Mysskin's film Yuddham Sei. The film's sound track was a hit. He then composed for Mysskin's Mugamoodi starring Jiiva. His next big career break came when famed cinematographer Rajeev Ravi roped him for his directorial venture in Malayalam, Annayum Rasoolum. The movie went on to become a cult favourite. He marked his debut in Bollywood with the Hindi remake of the hit Tamil film Pizza, by composing the background score of the movie. In 2015, the film Kirumi opened to positive response subsequently becoming one of the most acclaimed Tamil films of the year. Almost for the entire first half of the year 2016, K was working on the Dulquer Salmaan starrer Malayalam film Kammatipaadam, his second collaboration with Rajeev Ravi. K's background score for the film too received tremendous praise, with a reviewer saying "Composer K's music peps up these action sequences. With his adrenaline igniting music, he even manages to make the sight of bones cracking look cool. He is to Rajeev Ravi what Amit Trivedi and Sneha Khanwalker were to Anurag Kashyap in Gangs Of Wasseypur". Kallapadam, directed by debutant Vadivelu, was the first film in which K was featured on- screen. He had previously turned down a role in his first film 'Yuddham Sei', but had agreed to play one of the leads in Kallapadam. Directed by M.Manikandan of Kaaka Muttai and Kutrame Dhandanai fame, Aandavan Kattalai, his next major release was very well received. The music for the film, including the 9 songs, was supplemented by a background score where the lyrics of the songs were based on the dialogues on screen. In 2017, a Telugu remake of the film was made by Chinni Krishna, named London Babulu, which featured music re-used from K's Tamil original. The remake only featured 5 out of the 9 tracks from the original. Ammani, Lakshmy Ramakrishnan's 3rd film as a director, was released a month later amidst mounds of praises. The film received laurels from all sides, much to the surprise of the director who has been vocal in interviews about her expectations of a more neural response towards the film. The background music of the film was handled very maturely, leaving a lot of silent spaces, so as to not disturb the emotional and poignant storyline. The highlight of the Ammani album was 'Mazhai Ingillaye', sung by the prodigious Vaikom Vijayalakshmi, who rendered the song pitch perfect, adding to the unique blend of Carnatic music and synth sounds. In 2016, K composed the background score for N. Padmakumar's 'A Billion Colour Story' which won several awards and accolades worldwide, including Best Feature, LIFF, London, and Best Feature Audience Award, IFF, Los Angeles. In 2017, Sankalp Reddy's Ghazi (The Ghazi Attack) was released to raving reviews from viewers and critics alike. Produced by PVP Cinema, the film was released in three languages – Telugu, Tamil, and Hindi. The Hindi version of the film was distributed by Karan Johar’s Production House – Dharma Productions. K received widespread appreciation At the 65th National Film Awards 2018, the film won the Best Feature Film in Telugu. Anando Brahma, a Telugu horror- comedy directed by Mahi V Raghav starring Taapsee Pannu, was released on 18 August 2017. K composed the music for the film. The promo song features Malgudi Subha and is a rendition of a Mohammed Rafi song from 1970. K has worked on the music of Telugu film Yatra – a biographical film about Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy. The film is written and directed by Mahi V. Raghav and stars Mammootty as YSR. In 2019, K agreed to compose for Prasanna Vithanage’s off-beat Sinhala film Gaadi which premiered at Busan International Film Festival in October 2019. In late 2019, he was also signed by Mani Ratnam's Madras Talkies to compose the background score of Vaanam Kottattum, written and produced by Mani Ratnam and directed by his protege, Dhana Sekhar. K has composed the music for the 2023 German Documentary, Sara Mardini – Gegen den Strom directed by Charlie Wai Feldman. ==Film discography== === Feature films === ====Indian films ==== List of K Indian film credits Year Title Language Notes 2011 Yuddham Sei Tamil 2012 Mugamoodi Aarohanam 2013 Annayum Rasoolum Malayalam Onbadhule Guru Tamil 2014 Mahabalipuram Kaadu Pizza Hindi Background music only 2015 Cartoon Malayalam 49-O Tamil Kallappadam also actor (as Himself) Kirumi 2016 Ammani Aandavan Kattalai Kammatipaadam Malayalam A Billion Colour Story English 2017 The Ghazi Attack Hindi Telugu Anando Brahma Telugu London Babulu Remake of Aandavan Kattalai. Same music re-used. 2019 Yatra Kallan Tamil 2020 Vaanam Kottattum Background music only 2022 Panni Kutty 2023 Thuramukham Malayalam ====Foreign films==== List of K foreign film credits Year Film Language Notes 2023 Gaadi Sinhala Sri Lankan film === Short films === List of K short film credits Year Title Language Notes 2017 Her. Him. The Other Tamil-Sinhalese === Documentaries === List of K documentary film credits Year Title Language 2016 Silence in the Courts Sinhalese 2017 Is it too much to ask Tamil 2017 The Talwars – Behind Closed Doors English 2023 Sara Mardini – Gegen den Strom German ==Awards== 'Best Background Score' – Yuddham Sei at the 2013 BIG 92.7FM Tamil Melody Awards (2013). == References== == External links == * * Official Website Category:1987 births Category:Indian film score composers Category:Musicians from Tamil Nadu Category:Indian male singer-songwriters Category:Indian singer-songwriters Category:Living people Category:Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan schools alumni Category:People from Nagapattinam district Category:Indian male film score composers
+K is a proprietary array processing programming language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems. The language serves as the foundation for kdb+, an in-memory, column-based database, and other related financial products. The language, originally developed in 1993, is a variant of APL and contains elements of Scheme. Advocates of the language emphasize its speed, facility in handling arrays, and expressive syntax. == History == Before developing K, Arthur Whitney had worked extensively with APL, first at I. P. Sharp Associates alongside Ken Iverson and Roger Hui, and later at Morgan Stanley developing financial applications. At Morgan Stanley, Whitney helped to develop A+, a variant of APL, to facilitate migrating APL applications from IBM mainframe computers to a network of Sun workstations. A+ had a smaller set of primitive functions and was designed for speed and to handle large sets of time series data. In 1993, Whitney left Morgan Stanley and developed the first version of the K language. At the same time he formed Kx Systems to commercialize the product and signed an exclusive contract with Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS). For the next four years he developed various financial and trading applications using K for UBS. The contract ended in 1997 when UBS merged with Swiss Bank. In 1998, Kx Systems released kdb+, a database built on K. kdb was an in-memory, column-oriented database and included ksql, a query language with an SQL-like syntax. Since then, several financial products have been developed with K and kdb+. kdb+/tick and kdb+/taq were developed in 2001. kdb+, a 64-bit version of kdb+ was released in 2003 and kdb+/tick and kdb+/taq were released in 2004. kdb+ included Q, a language that merged the functions of the underlying K language and ksql. Whitney released a derivative of K called Shakti in 2018. == Overview == K shares key features with APL. They are both interpreted, interactive languages noted for concise and expressive syntax. They have simple rules of precedence based on right to left evaluation. The languages contain a rich set of primitive functions designed for processing arrays. These primitive functions include mathematical operations that work on arrays as whole data objects, and array operations, such as sorting or reversing the order of an array. In addition, the language contains special operators that combine with primitive functions to perform types of iteration and recursion. As a result, complex and extended transformations of a dataset can be expressed as a chain of sub-expressions, with each link performing a segment of the calculation and passing the results to the next link in the chain. Like APL, the primitive functions and operators are represented by single or double characters; however, unlike APL, K restricts itself to the ASCII character set (as does another APL variant, J). To allow for this, the set of primitive functions for K is smaller and heavily overloaded, with each of the ASCII symbols representing two or more distinct functions or operations. In a given expression, the actual function referenced is determined by the context. As a result, K expressions can be opaque and difficult to parse for humans. For example, in the following contrived expression the exclamation point `!` refers to three distinct functions: 2!!7!4 Reading from right to left the first `!` is modulo division that is performed on 7 and 4 resulting in 3. The next `!` is enumeration and lists the integers less than 3, resulting in the list 0 1 2. The final `!` is rotation where the list on the right is rotated two times to the left producing the final result of 2 0 1. The second core distinction of K is that functions are first-class objects, a concept borrowed from Scheme. First-class functions can be used in the same contexts where a data value can be used. Functions can be specified as anonymous expressions and used directly with other expressions. Function expressions are specified in K using curly brackets. For example, in the following expression a quadratic expression is defined as a function and applied to the values 0 1 2 and 3: {(3*x^2)+(2*x)+1}'!4 In K, named functions are simply function expressions stored to a variable in the same way any data value is stored to a variable. a:25 f:{(x^2)-1} Functions can be passed as an argument to another function or returned as a result from a function. == Examples == K is an interpreted language where every statement is evaluated and its results displayed immediately. Literal expressions such as strings evaluate to themselves. Consequently, the Hello world-program is trivial: "Hello world!" The following expression sorts a list of strings by their lengths: x@>#:'x The expression is evaluated from right to left as follows: # #:'x returns the length of each word in the list x. # > returns the indices that would sort a list of values in descending order. # @ uses the integer values on the right to index into the original list of strings. A function to determine if a number is prime can be written as: {&/x!/:2_!x} The function is evaluated from right to left: # !x enumerate the positive integers less than x. # 2_ drops the first two elements of the enumeration (0 and 1). # x!/: performs modulo division between the original integer and each value in the truncated list. # &/ find the minimum value of the list of modulo result. If x is not prime then one of the values returned by the modulo operation will be 0 and consequently the minimal value of the list. If x is prime then the minimal value will be 1, because x mod 2 is 1 for any prime greater than 2. The function below can be used to list all of the prime numbers between 1 and R with: 2_&{&/x!/:2_!x}'!R The expression is evaluated from right to left # !R enumerate the integers less than R. # ' apply each value of the enumeration to the prime number function on the left. This will return a list of 0's and 1's. # & return the indices of the list where the value is 1. # 2_ drop the first two elements of the enumeration (0 and 1) ==K financial products== K is the foundation for a family of financial products. Kdb+ is an in-memory, column- based database with much of the same functions of a relational database management system. The database supports SQL, SQL-92 and ksql, a query language with a syntax similar to SQL and designed for column based queries and array analysis. Kdb+ is available for several operating systems, including Solaris, Linux, macOS, and Windows (32-bit or 64-bit). ==See also== * J, another APL-inspired language * Q, the language of kdb+ and a new merged version of K and ksql. ==References== ==External links== * , Kx Systems * , kdb+ * Overview of K (with a link to K reference card) * Dennis Shasha - K as a Prototyping Language * K by Arthur Whitney (2005) * oK REPL for a K clone * Kona an open-source K3 implementation Category:APL programming language family Category:Array programming languages Category:Data-centric programming languages Category:Dynamic programming languages Category:Function-level languages Category:Proprietary database management systems Category:Programming languages Category:Dynamically typed programming languages Category:High-level programming languages Category:1993 software Category:Programming languages created in 1993
+Kang Yoon-sung (born November 16, 1983), better known by his stage name K, is a pop singer from South Korea under contract in Japan. He was born in Goyang. In 2004, after achieving little success with his first album in South Korea, K crossed over to Japan.Korea Times K-Pop Sets Eyes on Bigger Stage dated 22nd Jan, 2006 His first Japanese album, Beyond the Sea, has achieved a sales of over 300,000 copies. K put his musical activities on hold in 2010 so he could complete the Korean mandatory military service.Singer K to suspend activities ==Discography== ===Japanese studio albums=== Year Album Information Chart positions Total sales (subscription only) 2006 Beyond the Sea 2 142,000 Music in My Life 25 22,000 2009 Traveling Song 44 4,500 ===Other Japanese albums=== Year Album Information Chart positions Total sales 2007 The Timeless Collection Vol. 1 42 6,000 2009 Merry Christmas 63 3,100 2010 K-Best 22 9,500 2013 641 38 ===English albums=== Year Album Information Chart positions Total sales 2014 On My Journey 67 2015 Ear Food 71 === Korean albums === # K (April 28, 2004) # Beautiful Smile (January 20, 2006) === Singles === ==== As lead artist ==== Release Title Chart positions Total sales Album 2005 "Over..." 5 168,000 Beyond the Sea 10 31,000 "Girlfriend" 19 10,000 "Only Human" 5 200,000 2006 "The Day" 14 13,000 Music in My Life "Brand New Map" 20 14,000 25 12,000 2007 "Birth of Treasure" 42 3,800 Traveling Song (K x ET-King) 19 10,000 2008 "Play and Pray" 48 2,700 "525600 Min. (Seasons of Love)" 49 2,100 2010 33 3,600 K-Best "Dear..." 24 4,500 2013 "Christmas Time Again" 70 On My Journey 2015 "Years" Ear Food 2016 67 Non-album Single 2017 44 colspan="2" ==== As featured artist ==== Release Artist Title Chart positions Total sales Album 2008 Bright feat. K "Tegami" 39 2,300 Notes 4 You 2010 Tatsuya Ishii feat. K "Ocean Drive" 37 3,100 TBA === DVDs === * Film K: A Voice from the Heaven (February 15, 2006) * Film K Vol. 2: Music in My Life (June 25, 2008) * film K vol.3 live K in 武道館〜so long〜 20101130 (March 2, 2011) === Other appearances === * Wanna Be the Piano Man: (November 29, 2006) * Céline Dion Tribute: "To Love You More (featuring Aki)" (September 26, 2007) == Live tours == * Live K Tour 2006: Beyond the Sea (March—May 2006) * Live K Tour 2006: Winter (November—December 2006) * Live K Tour 2007: Music in My Life (June 2007) * Live K Tour 2008: Ki zu na (June 2008) * Live K Tour 2009 (March—May 2009) == References == == External links == *K Official web site Category:1983 births Category:Gr8! Records artists Category:Japanese-language singers of South Korea Category:K-pop singers Category:Japanese male pop singers Category:Living people Category:People from Goyang Category:South Korean male singers Category:South Korean J-pop singers Category:Sony Music Entertainment Japan artists Category:Studioseven Recordings artists Category:Stardust Promotion artists Category:21st-century Japanese singers Category:21st-century South Korean singers Category:21st-century Japanese male singers
+K + J.J. (also released as "Nuf Said") is an album by American jazz trombonists J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding featuring performances recorded in 1955 for the Bethlehem label.Payne, D. Kai Winding discography accessed July 11, 2016Edwards, D. & Callahan, M., Bethlehem Discography, Part 3: BCP-6000 Series, accessed July 12, 2016 ==Reception== AllMusic awarded the album 4½ stars and in its review by Stephen Cook, he states that "the arrangements and playing are so engaging and of such high quality that categorization dilemmas disappear. A fine disc". ==Track listing== # "Out of This World" (Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer) - 2:20 # "Thou Swell" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) - 2:55 # "Lover" (Rogers, Hart) - 5:34 # "Lope City" (J. J. Johnson) - 3:32 # "Stolen Bass" (Johnson) - 2:56 # "It's All Right With Me" (Cole Porter) - 5:06 # "Mad About the Boy" (Noël Coward) - 3:32 # "Yes Sir, That's My Baby" (Walter Donaldson, Gus Kahn) - 4:06 # "That's How I Feel About You" (Kai Winding) - 3:59 # "Gong Rock" (Winding) - 3:25 # "It's All Right With Me" [alternate take 15] (Porter) - 5:31 # "Lover" [alternate take] (Rogers, Hart) - 5:39 # "Gong Rock" [alternate take] (Winding) - 3:25 # "Lope City" [alternate take 11] (Johnson) - 3:42 # "It's All Right With Me" [alternate take 11] (Porter) - 6:24 # "Out of This World" [alternate take] (Arlen, Mercer) - 2:28 # "That's How I Feel About You" [alternate take] (Winding) - 4:08 *Recorded in New York City on January 26, 1955 (tracks 2, 4, 6, 11, 14 & 15) and January 26 and 27, 1955 (tracks 1, 3, 5, 7-10, 12, 13, 16 & 17) ==Personnel== *J. J. Johnson, Kai Winding - trombone *Dick Katz - piano *Milt Hinton (tracks 1, 3, 5, 7-10, 12, 13, 16 & 17), Wendell Marshall (tracks 2, 4, 6, 11, 14 & 15) - bass *Al Harewood - drums ==References== Category:Bethlehem Records albums Category:J. J. Johnson albums Category:Kai Winding albums Category:1955 albums
+K1-2 is a planetary nebula in the constellation Pyxis. It was discovered by Czech astronomer Luboš Kohoutek in 1961. The central star of the nebula—VW Pyxidis—is a post-common-envelope binary composed of a hot degenerate star and a cooler companion in a close orbit. A best-fit calculation from its orbit and spectra yields a white dwarf-like star with around 50% of the Sun's mass and a main sequence lie star around 70% as massive as the Sun. Jets of matter are emanating from the system. One study yielded a surface temperature of 85,000 K for the hotter star. ==References== Category:Planetary nebulae Category:Pyxis
+K 2.0 is the fifth studio album by English psychedelic raga rock band Kula Shaker. Recorded in 2015 at State Of The Ark, London, England and The Tea Rooms, Lompret, Belgium. Released on 12 February 2016 on CD, vinyl and digital download. ==Track listing== ;Bonus track ==Charts== Chart (2016) Peak position ==References== Category:2016 albums Category:Kula Shaker albums
+K 6 is a sailboat class designed by Einar Ohlson and built in about 50 copies. ==History== The K 6 designed by Einar Ohlson was the winner of a design competition held by Svenska Kosterbåtsförbundet. ==References== Category:1940s sailboat type designs Category:Sailboat type designs by Swedish designers Category:Keelboats
+K Alexander (born October 9, 1992) is a Canadian actor, writer, web series creator and YouTube personality, best known as LaFontaine in the popular LGBT web series Carmilla (2014–2016). In 2016, their Kickstarter and Indiegogo- funded web series Couple-ish (2015–2017) was nominated for a Streamy Award. == Early life == Alexander grew up in Ottawa, Ontario. As a child, they were very shy and found that a mandatory acting class led to improved self-confidence. Alexander attended the University of Toronto Mississauga in conjunction with Sheridan College for Theatre and Drama Studies. == Career == Alexander began a YouTube channel on June 15, 2011. Alexander's videos began to gain traction in 2014, when they became well known for playing LaFontaine in the web series Carmilla. In 2016, Alexander played Max in five episodes of Full Out. In the same year Alexander starred in the music video Melete by Laurence Made Me Cry. In addition to working as an actor, Alexander is also a musician and a writer and is also the creator of the web series Couple-ish, in which Alexander acts as a main character, writer, producer and theme song singer. Alexander plays the lead role, Dee Warson, who is a non-binary and pansexual artist. The series was funded through a successful Kickstarter campaign, which raised over $29,000 CAD. In 2016, the series was nominated for a Streamy Award in the Best Indie category, but ultimately lost to Brooklyn Sound. Another successful Indiegogo campaign was launched in November 2016 to fund a second season, with a fixed goal of $45,000 USD. The second season premiered on April 29, 2017. === Other work === On January 26, 2019, Alexander digitally released a debut EP titled Time Tells, produced by Erik Solarski (aka Soles), the co-writer of the Carmilla theme song "Love Will Have Its Sacrifices". Alexander was also the co-host of the Orphan Black after-show podcast. == Personal life == Alexander lives in Toronto, Ontario and identifies as queer and non-binary. Alexander prefers singular they/them pronouns. Alexander credited LaFontaine, the non-binary Carmilla character whom they played, with helping them to discover and accept their own identity. == Filmography == Year Title Role Notes 2014 Motives & Murders: Cracking the Case Michelle TV series, 1 episode 2014–2016 Carmilla S. LaFontaine KindaTV Digital Series, Main role 2016 Full Out Max TV Mini-Series, 5 episodes 2015–2017 Couple-ish Deanne 'Dee' Warson Web series, 44 episodes 2017 The Carmilla Movie S. LaFontaine 2019 The Bold Type Cammy Hartman TV series, 1 episode 2020 Slo Pitch Web series == References == == External links == * * Category:1992 births Category:Actors from Ottawa Category:Canadian web series actors Category:Canadian television producers Category:Living people Category:Writers from Ottawa Category:Canadian LGBT actors Category:Canadian non-binary actors Category:Canadian non-binary writers Category:21st-century Canadian actors Category:21st-century Canadian LGBT people
+Air Marshal K Anantharaman, PVSM, VSM is a retired officer of the Indian Air Force. He served as the Air Officer in Charge of Administration. He assumed the office on 1 February 2022 succeeding Air Marshal Vijay Pal Singh Rana. He superannuated on 31 May 2023. == Early life and education == K Anantharaman is an alumnus of Defence Services Staff College, Wellington, College of Defence Management and National Defence College, New Delhi. He attended the Combined Strategic Intelligence Training Programme at DIA, Washington DC in 2005. ==Career== K Anantharaman was commissioned in Administration branch of Indian Air Force in June 1985. In a career spanning over 38 years, held a number of important command and staff appointments. As Group Captain, he served as the Chief Administration Officer at New Delhi and later held role at the Training Command, Bengaluru. As Air Commodore, he served as the Chief Personnel Staff Officer at New Delhi. As Air Vice Marshal, he served as the Senior Officer-in- charge Administration, Western Air Command at New Delhi till February 2021. After his promotion to Air Marshal in February 2021, he served as the Director General, Administration till 31 January 2022. He took over as the Air Officer in Charge, Administration on 1 February 2022 from Air Marshal Vijay Pal Singh Rana. He also serves as the Commodore Commandant of the Air Force Administrative College. == Honours and decorations == During his career, K Anantharaman has been awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal in 2023 and Vishisht Seva Medal in 2016 for his service. Param Vishisht Seva Medal Vishisht Seva Medal == References == Category:Living people Category:Indian Air Force air marshals Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
+K B High School is a high school in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. == Overview == thumb|K B High School The school was established in 1971 to provide education for the children of the teachers and staff of Bangladesh Agricultural University. Later on the school expanded and over 2,000 students attended the school including the surrounding areas. From the beginning it made a very good success in the Board examination Secondary School Certificate in both science and arts. The main building consists three floors and there are three other structures which provide class rooms. It is one of the best schools in the district of Mymensingh and several times listed in the top 20 schools of Dhaka Board in S.S.C examination. == References == Category:Educational institutions established in 1971 Category:High schools in Bangladesh Category:1971 establishments in Bangladesh
+Koninklijke Beerschot Voetbalclub Antwerpen, or simply Beerschot, is a Belgian professional football club located in Antwerp, that competes in the second- tier First Division B after relegating from the top tier in the 2021–22 season. In 2013, KFCO Wilrijk decided to integrate the identity of Beerschot AC when they were relegated in the 2012–13 season, not only through their league position but also due to losing their professional licence through financial issues, being officially declared bankrupt on 21 May 2013 and folding shortly afterwards. The club colours are purple and white, they play their games on the club's home ground the Olympic Stadium often referred to as 't Kiel. == History == === KFCO Wilrijk=== The club was founded in 1921 as Football Club Wilrijk and joined The Belgian football association. As a result of the introduction of a national third division in 1926, the club played national football for the first time in their then short existence. Unfortunately the club ended third last, leading to their relegation after just one season. In 1931 the number of participants in the divisions was increased, causing FC Wilrijk to be included on the national level for the second time. FC Wilrijk lasted two seasons before being relegated again. In 1935 the club was promoted once more. Unlike their previous third division stays, FC Wilrijk showcased dominant football. This resulted in a 3rd position in the 1935–36 season and even becoming third division champions in the 1936–37 season. After winning their division the club was promoted to the second division lasting two seasons before being relegated in 1939. After a lengthy stay in the third division, FC Wilrijk was relegated to the Provincial division in 1949 which set a trend for the following decades. In 1993 KFC Wilrijk merged with Olympia Wilrijk 72. This other Wilrijk-based club, was founded in 1972 and part of the Royal Belgian Football Association, being assigned the association number 7727. Both clubs shared forces as KFC Olympia Wilrijk and continued under KFC Wilrijks association number 155. In 1994, the club reached the 4th division, playing national football for the first time in 45 years. In the 1995–96 season KFCO Olympia Wilrijk came in 3rd only two points short of standing victorious in their division. After eight years KFC Olympia Wilrijk ended third last, which led to being relegated. Their absence was short-lived however, as KFC Olympia Wilrijk was promoted the following year resulting in a three-year stay before being relegated. In 2008 the club was promoted again, only to be relegated in 2010. ===FCO Beerschot Wilrijk=== After Beerschot AC's bankruptcy in 2013, KFCO Wilrijk decided to harbour its fans. KFCO Wilrijk followed up by incorporating the name Beerschot and their respective colours in their own identity. The KBVB however decided that due to the name change, the club was no longer eligible to use the handle "royal" in their club name. Hence the club's name is FCO Beerschot Wilrijk rather than KFCO Beerschot Wilrijk. In order to retrieve their "royal" status, FCO Beerschot Wilrijk filed a successful application in June 2017. FCO Beerschot Wilrijk, became an instant success. Their season opener against Ternesse VV was attended by 8500 fans, which was a record for the Belgian provincial division at the time. This record was broken on 15 February 2014 during their game against fierce title contender FC De Kempen which was attended by 8982 fans and topped again, during their title game against KFC Katelijne-Waver on 22 March. This game was attended by almost 12000 fans and won by 5–0, gaining the club mathematic certainty about crowning themselves 2013–14 division champions. Due to the club's high attendance – weekly attendance that tops several first division teams – KFCO Beerschot Wilrijk is required to play their home games at the Olympisch Stadion (city of Antwerp) to guarantee the safety of their fans. This is the home ground of the fallen Beerschot VAC. The club reached an average of 7000 fans at home games during its first season in the 1st division of the province of Antwerp, which is quite a feat. This reputation was upheld during away games by bringing on average over 1500 fans, whom took pride in causing friendly banter in the most obscurely hidden cities and stadiums that the province of Antwerp holds. The club's success and vibe often lead to opponents renting bigger stadiums because the prospected attendance exceeds their own stadium capacity. 200px|thumb|right|Old logo used until 2019 when the name was changed from Beerschot Wilrijk to Beerschot For the 2014–15 season, FCO Beerschot Wilrijk was promoted to the 4th division in Belgian national football. In mid-March 2015, they held a 10-point lead over their closest rival. They were promoted to third division as champions of their group. In 2015–2016 they became champions of the third division after a sensational winning goal in the last minute of their last game. In 2016–2017 they became the first champion of the new '1st Amateur League' and gained promotion to the Proximus League, the second tier of Belgian football. In February 2018, Saudi prince Abdullah bin Musa'ad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, owner of the English Premier League side Sheffield United, announced his investment in Beerschot alongside Belgian construction company DCA.Saudische prins investeert in Beerschot Wilrijk - GVA ===Beerschot=== In 2019, the club changed its name to Beerschot, and also changed the club logo. They played in the Proximus League for three seasons, and played the promotion final each year. Finally, after losing to Cercle Brugge K.S.V. and K.V. Mechelen , they gained promotion to the Belgian Belgian First Division A at the end of the 2019-2020 season. ==Results== Season League League League League League League League League League Division Points Remarks Belgian Cup I II III IV P.I P.II P.III P.IV 1 First Provincial League 70 Promotion. 2014–15 1 Fourth Division C 71 Promotion. Fifth round 2015–16 1 Third Division B 71 Promotion. Third round Reformation of the Belgian football league system* IA IB IAm IIAm IIIAm P.I P.II P.III P.IV 2016–17 1 First Amateur Division 53 Promotion. Ranked first with 80 points. Fifth round 2017–18 3 First Division B 46 Winner of the first period title with 29 points. Sixth round 2018–19 2 First Division B 54 Winner of the second period title with 30 points. Seventh Round 2019–20 5 First Division B 43 Promoted. Winner of second period with 26 points. Sixth round 2020–21 9 First Division A 47 Seventh Round 2021–22 18 First Division A 16 Seventh Round *As a result, KFCO BW remained in the third division. ==Current squad== ===Out on loan=== ==Club Staff== Position Name Chairman Francis Vrancken Owner Abdullah bin Musad bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud Director Frédéric Van Den Steen Walter Damen Luc Neefs Abdullah Alghamdi Saad Allazeez Lucas Houben Philippe Verellen Manager Andreas Wieland Assistant manager Thomas Darazs Frank Magerman First-team coach Davy De Smedt First-team goalkeeping coach Tome Pačovski Performance analyst Bart Plasschaert Head of sports science Pieter Jacobs Doctor Dr. Kris Peeters Physiotherapist Olivier Meul Linske Peeters Benny Begine Managing Director Gunther Dieltjens Technical director Sander Van Praet Jan Van Winckel == Managers == Season Manager 2013–2014 Urbain Spaenhoven 2014–2015 Urbain Spaenhoven 2015–2016 Urbain Spaenhoven/ Dennis van Wijk 2016–2017 Marc Brys 2017–2018 Marc Brys 2018–2019 Stijn Vreven 2019–2021 Hernán Losada 2021 William Still 2021 Peter Maes 2021-2022 Javier Torrente 2022–present Greg Vanderidt == Club captains == Season Player 2013–2014 Davy De Smedt 2014–2015 Davy De Smedt 2015–2016 Davy De Smedt/Hannes Meeus 2016–2017 Jaric Schaessens 2018–2019 Tom Van Hyfte 2019–2021 Mike Vanhamel 2022–present Ryan Sanusi ==Top scorers== Season Player Goals 2013–2014 Peter Nijs 28 2014–2015 Dyron Daal 18 2015–2016 Hernán Losada 10 2016–2017 Hernán Losada 15 2017–2018 Hernán Losada 10 2018–2019 Dante Vanzeir 16 2019–2020 Raphael Holzhauser 8 2020–2021 Raphael Holzhauser 16 2021–2022 Joren Dom 5 ==Affiliated clubs== The following clubs are currently affiliated with:EPL side Sheffield United owners seal takeover of Indian club Calicut Quartz and rename it Kerala United FC. spotik.in. Retrieved 15 April 2021. * Sheffield United FC (2020–present) * Kerala United FC (2020–present) * Al-Hilal United (2020–present) * LB Châteauroux (2020–present) ==References== Category:2013 establishments in Belgium Category:Association football clubs established in 2013 Category:Football clubs in Antwerp Category:Belgian Pro League clubs
+K Blows Top: A Cold War Comic Interlude, Starring Nikita Khrushchev, America's Most Unlikely Tourist (2009) is a book by Peter Carlson published by PublicAffairs describing the 1959 visit of Nikita Khrushchev to the United States. == Synopsis == The book covers Nikita Khrushchev's visit to the United States, which took him to New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Iowa, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C., and included visits to 20th Century Fox, the Mark Hopkins Hotel, an Iowa farm, a Pittsburgh steel mill, and Camp David. Highlights included meeting Shirley MacLaine and Frank Sinatra on the set of Can-Can, visiting a Quality Foods supermarket in San Francisco, and meeting Harry Bridges, fiery labor leader, movie star Marilyn Monroe, and hostess Perle Mesta, among many other Americans, famous and not-so-famous. The title comes from a New York Times headline about Khrushchev's reaction when he was refused admission to Disneyland.C-SPAN, Carlson interview, August 31, 2009 ==Film adaptation== In 2013, the story was in pre-production as a made-for- television movie to be produced by Tom Hanks and starring Paul Giamatti. ==References== ==External links== * K Blows Top at PublicAffairs * Review in The Washington Post (June 8, 2009) * Carlson interviewed by Sergei Khrushchev about K Blows Top on C-SPAN's After Words, August 31, 2009 Category:2009 non- fiction books Category:Books about the Cold War Category:Nikita Khrushchev Category:PublicAffairs books
+Maria Carmela Brosas (born July 15, 1975K Brosas – Biography – IMDb), better known by her screen name K Brosas, is a Filipina actress, comedian, singer and television host. She was born in the Philippines to an American father and a Filipina mother and was a band member of Gladys and the Boxers and was lead singer when the group performed as K and the Boxers with Music Director Samuel Cruz Valdecantos, Bassist Nolit Abanilla, Drummer Solomon Valdecantos and Guitarist Eric Tuazon. In mid-2010, she became a co-host in the game show Pilipinas Win na Win. ==Biography== ===Early life=== Brosas was born in Borongan, Eastern Samar to a Filipino mother and an American father, whom she never knew. At a young age, her family transferred to Manila. She finished high school at St. Paul University Quezon City where she enrolled in an undergraduate B.S. Tourism course. ===Personal life=== Brosas' only daughter, Crystal, came out as lesbian in July 2020. Her daughter currently lives with her girlfriend, Pola Anne, which Brosas fully supports. ==Filmography== ===Television=== Year Title Role Network 2021-2022 Sing Galing! Herself / Host TV5 2020-2022 Lunch Out Loud Herself / Host 2020–present Bangon Talentadong Pinoy Herself / Guest Talent scout 2016–present It's Showtime Judge in Tawag ng Tanghalan ABS-CBN 2015 Kris TV Guest co-host 2015 3-in-1 Host 2014–2015 Quiet Please!: Bawal ang Maingay Herself / Host TV5 2014 Tunay Na Buhay Herself GMA Network Maalaala Mo Kaya: Santan Neneng ABS-CBN 2013 Wansapanataym: Ang Batang Buhawi Maring 2011 Entertainment Live Herself / Host 2011–2012 Maria La Del Barrio Carlotta 2011 Showtime Herself / Guest judge Talentadong Pinoy Herself / Judge TV5 2010 Showtime Herself (Appears in "Huliin ang Bituin" segment) ABS-CBN Laugh Out Loud Herself Pilipinas Win Na Win Herself / co-host IDOL Antonia "Toyang" Timbales 2009 Rated K Herself Lovers in Paris Michelle 2008 My Girl Tessie Legaspi MariMar Rowena GMA Network 2007 SOP Rules Herself / co-host All Star K! Herself / Guest Super Twins Akika HP: To the Highest Level Na! Toni 2006 HP: Ibang Level Na! Toni 2005 Darna Divina Demonica Hokus Pokus Toni 2004 Marinara Sushi Lou Extra Challenge Herself / Guest co-host SIS Herself / Guest Magpakailanman: The Kakai "K" Brosas Story Herself Bitoy's Funniest Videos Herself / co-host 2001 Ikaw Lang ang Mamahalin Flor 2001–2003 Eat Bulaga! Herself / co-host 2000 Idol Ko Si Kap ===Film=== Year Title Role Production company 2009 Tenement 2 Melissa Star Cinema 2009 Ang Tanging Pamilya: A Marry Go Round Deling 2012 ÜnOfficially Yours Vivora 2012 The Mistress Rosa 2013 Call Center Girl Lolay Skylight Films and Star Cinema 2017 Northern Lights: A Journey to Love Arlene Spring Films, Regal Entertainment, Star Cinema 2021 Will You Marry Honey Mavx ==References== ==External links== * * K Brosas on Twitter * * Website of K Brosas (WaPak!) Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:21st- century Filipino actresses Category:Filipino women comedians Category:Filipino film actresses Category:Filipino people of American descent Category:Filipino television actresses Category:Filipino television variety show hosts Category:People from Borongan Category:21st-century Filipino women singers Category:GMA Network personalities Category:ABS-CBN personalities Category:TV5 (Philippine TV network) personalities
+K Bye for Now (SWT Live) is the debut live album by American singer Ariana Grande. It was released on December 23, 2019, featuring Grande's setlist from her Sweetener World Tour in 2019, which contains guest appearances from Big Sean, Childish Gambino, Nicki Minaj and Zedd. All of its tracks were produced by Grande and Natural. The album reached number 79 on the Billboard 200. On June 12, 2021, CD and vinyl versions of the album were released for Record Store Day. ==Background== Grande embarked on the Sweetener World Tour starting in March 2019 to support her albums Sweetener (2018) and Thank U, Next (2019). On October 17, 2019, Grande tweeted a photo of her editing vocal files on her laptop and wrote "about to start coming thru and picking my favorite adlibs / performance moments on this flight ... just in case u want a live album one day". In November 2019, Grande continued to tease the album by sharing more photos onto Instagram of audio files named after different cities she performed in. On December 1, 2019, Grande shared an update on the production of the album. On December 10, 2019, Grande responded affirmatively to a fan that had asked if a live album would arrive before the year's end. On December 11, 2019, the album was put up for pre-saving on Spotify under the tentative title SWT Live and Grande shared the track listing on her Instagram. On December 22, 2019, Grande revealed on Twitter that the album would be titled K Bye for Now and would be released later that night following her final show of the Sweetener World Tour in Inglewood, California. ==Critical reception== Dani Blum from Pitchfork gave the album a rating of 7.4 out of 10 stating, "Grande's live album is both a capsule and a capstone, encompassing a nine- month, 102-show tour at what might be the peak of her career." ==Commercial performance== K Bye for Now (SWT Live) debuted at number 97 on the Billboard 200. As of June 2020, the live album has sold 4,000 copies in the United States. The album was released to music streaming and digital platforms. The album re-entered the Billboard 200 at number 79 in June 2021, when CDs and vinyl copies of the album were released. ==Track listing== All tracks are noted as "live", and produced by Grande and Natural. Notes * Live version of "Thank U, Next" contains an excerpt from "Video" by India Arie == Personnel == ===Production=== *Ariana Grande – vocals, lyrics, composer, production, vocal production, vocal arranger, mixing, engineering *Natural – production, musical director, mixing, engineering *Randy Merrill – mastering engineer *Tommy Brown – composer *Mr. Franks – composer *Max Martin – composer *Victoria Monét – composer *Savan Kotecha – composer *Ilya Salmanzadeh – composer *Pop Wansel – composer *Brian Malik Baptiste – composer *Babyface – composer *The Rascals – composer *Pharrell Williams – composer *Cole Potter – composer *Charles Anderson – composer *Nicholas Audino – composer *Anton Zaslavskli – composer ===Musicians=== *Ariana Grande – vocals *Aaron Spears – drums *Natural – guitar, keyboard *Eric Ingram – bass, synth bass *Nelson Jackson – keyboard ==Charts== Chart performance for K Bye for Now (SWT Live) Chart (2019–2021) Peak position Australian Albums (ARIA) 89 ==Release history== Release dates and formats for K Bye for Now (SWT Live) Region Date Format Label Various December 23, 2019 Republic United States June 12, 2021 Japan July 14, 2021 CD Universal ==References== Category:2019 live albums Category:Ariana Grande albums Category:Republic Records live albums
+Kishinchand Chellaram Law College, popularly known as KC Law College, is a law institution located at Churchgate, Mumbai. The institution was established in 1955 by Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board (HSNC Board). It is affiliated with the University of Mumbai. The college is located in the same campus as Kishinchand Chellaram College and the H.R. College of Commerce and Economics. == Workshops and conferences == ===23 July 2019=== A workshop on Magic of Forgiveness was organized in collaboration with Sadhu Vaswani Mission. A team from Sadhu Vaswani Mission consisting of Mrs. Neelam Deissiza, Ms. Asha Kripalani and Mr. Hitesh Mulchandani conducted the program. ===9 August 2019=== A workshop on the Draft of National Education Policy was organized at K. C. Law College to recommend the changes in the education which has been forwarded to the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. In the said workshop the teaching staff of South Mumbai Campus Colleges of H.S.N.C. Board i.e. K. C. College, H.R. College, Bombay Teachers Training College and Prin. K. M. Kudnani, College of Pharmacy were involved in drafting the recommendations. Prin. Dinesh Panjwani, Secretary, H.S.N.C. Board conducted the workshop. ===15 January 2020=== The Department of Law, University of Mumbai and K. C. Law College jointly organized a Workshop on Self Defense for girl students. Dr. Rajeshri Varhadi, H.O.D. Dept. Of Law and Prin. Dr. Kavita Lalchandani emphasized the need for such workshops for Women empowerment and their importance for women during the time of need. The trainer was Shri Shivaji Pawar who gave good demonstrations along with his assistance. Many female students voluntarily participated in the workshop. ===16 January 2020=== A workshop was organized on digital literacy for women by Maharashtra State Commission for Women in collaboration with Kishinchand Chellaram Law College for study of social change. The workshop was attended by more than 200 women participants from both rural and urban areas. The workshop was inaugurated by Principal Dr. Kavita Lalchandani and Ms. Rupali Kapse, Trainer on behalf of MSCW. The trainer started her session with the role and function of State Commission for women. She further explained the various applications which the government has started for digitalization of various things i.e. banking, complaints, etc. == Facilities == The institution is able to offer a number of facilities to the students and others. Some of such facilities include the following; ===Smart Class Board Room=== All classrooms are AV classrooms with smart boards. This helps in making learning more interesting, effective and enjoyable. ===Moot Court Room=== This helps in simulating the court room experience. The college hosts the Annual National Moot Court Competition every year. ===Computer Lab=== The KCLC campus has computer labs. ===Alumni Association Room=== The KCLC campus has Alumni Association Room for the alumnus of college. Also alumni have the chance to stay in contact with their college and with former fellow students. ===College Administration Office=== The KCLC Administration Office helps the students for all administrative work. ===Canteen=== The two canteens, "Butterfly" and "Kool Cafeteria", in the compound offer hygienic mini meals, snacks, tea, coffee, cold drinks, etc. ===Indoor Games and Sports=== The college provides facility to play carrom, chess etc. == Courses == The college offers a three-year Bachelor of Laws course and also various other certificate courses on intellectual property rights, world trade laws and alternative dispute resolution. == Notable alumni == *Ram Naik, Indian politician and Governor of Uttar Pradesh *Justice A.M Khanwilkar, Judge, Supreme Court of India *Justice P.B Colabavala, Judge, Bombay High Court *Justice Aloysius Aguiar, Additional Judge, Bombay High Court *Arif Bookvala, Senior Counsel, Bombay High Court *Sanjay Hegde, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India *Karan Mehta, Barrister, Bombay High Court *Aaditya Thackeray, Indian politician & Cabinet minister in Government of Maharashtra == References == == External links == * Official website Category:Universities and colleges in Mumbai Category:Law schools in Maharashtra

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+L, or l, is the twelfth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is el (pronounced ), plural els."L" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989) Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. (1993); "el", "ells", op. cit. ==History== Egyptian hieroglyph Phoenician lamedh Etruscan L Greek Lambda Latin L S39 x25px x25px x35px Latin L Lamedh may have come from a pictogram of an ox goad or cattle prod. Some have suggested a shepherd's staff. ==Use in writing systems== ===Phonetic and phonemic transcription=== In phonetic and phonemic transcription, the International Phonetic Alphabet uses to represent the lateral alveolar approximant. ===English=== In English orthography, usually represents the phoneme , which can have several sound values, depending on the speaker's accent, and whether it occurs before or after a vowel. The alveolar lateral approximant (the sound represented in IPA by lowercase ) occurs before a vowel, as in lip or blend, while the velarized alveolar lateral approximant (IPA ) occurs in bell and milk. This velarization does not occur in many European languages that use ; it is also a factor making the pronunciation of difficult for users of languages that lack or have different values for it, such as Japanese or some southern dialects of Chinese. A medical condition or speech impediment restricting the pronunciation of is known as lambdacism. In English orthography, is often silent in such words as walk or could (though its presence can modify the preceding vowel letter's value), and it is usually silent in such words as palm and psalm; however, there is some regional variation. ===Other languages=== usually represents the sound or some other lateral consonant. Common digraphs include , which has a value identical to in English, but has the separate value voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (IPA ) in Welsh, where it can appear in an initial position. In Spanish, represents [ʎ], [j], [ʝ], [ɟʝ], or [ʃ], depending on dialect. A palatal lateral approximant or palatal (IPA ) occurs in many languages, and is represented by in Italian, in Spanish and Catalan, in Portuguese, and in Latvian. In Washo, lower-case represents a typical [l] sound, while upper-case represents a voiceless [l̥] sound, a bit like double in Welsh. ==Other uses== The capital letter L is used as the currency sign for the Albanian lek and the Honduran lempira. It was often used, especially in handwriting, as the currency sign for the Italian lira. Historically, it was commonly used as a currency sign for the British pound sterling (to abbreviate the Latin , a pound); in modern usage it has been overtaken by the pound sign (£), which is based on it. The Roman numeral L represents the number 50. In recent years, the letters L and W have become an internet meme, respectively standing for loss and win. L, in particular, is commonly used in popular culture, often referring to the slang definition of ownership. Take the L, respectively, means to accept this particular defeat. ==Forms and variants== In most sans-serif typefaces, the lowercase letter ell , written , may be difficult to distinguish from the uppercase letter "eye" ; in some serif typefaces, the glyph may be confused with the glyph , the digit one. To avoid such confusion, some newer computer fonts (such as Trebuchet MS) have a finial, a curve to the right at the bottom of the lowercase letter ell. Another means of reducing such confusion used in mathematics, European road signs and in advertisements is to use symbol , which is a cursive, handwriting-style lowercase form of the letter "ell". In Unicode, this symbol is from the "letter-like symbols" block. In Japan, for example, this is the symbol for the liter. However, the International System of Units recommends using Unicode symbols or for the liter. Another solution, sometimes seen in Web typography, uses a serif font for the lowercase letter ell, such as , in otherwise sans-serif text. ==Related characters== ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== *IPA-specific symbols related to L: *IPA superscript symbols related to L: 𐞛 𐞜 *Extensions to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA): 𝼄 𐞝 *Uralic Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to L: and *ₗ : Subscript small l was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 *ȴ : L with curl is used in Sino-Tibetanist linguistics *Ꞁ ꞁ : Turned L was used by William Pryce to designate the Welsh voiced lateral spirant [ɬ] It is also used in the Romic alphabet. In Unicode, these are , and . *𝼦 : Small letter l with mid- height left hook was used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language. *Other variations are used for phonetic transcription: ᶅ ᶩ ᶪ ᶫ 𝼑 𝼓 *Ꝇ ꝇ : Broken L was used in some medieval Nordic manuscripts *Teuthonista phonetic transcription-specific symbols related to R: ** ** ** ** ** *L with diacritics: Ĺ ĺ Ł ł Ľ ľ Ḹ ḹ L̃ l̃ Ļ ļ Ŀ ŀ Ḷ ḷ Ḻ ḻ Ḽ ḽ Ƚ ƚ Ⱡ ⱡ ===Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations=== *ℒ ℓ : Script letter L (capital and lowercase, respectively) *£ : pound sign *₤ : lira sign *Ꝉ ꝉ : Forms of L were used for medieval scribal abbreviations ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== * : Semitic letter Lamedh, from which the following symbols originally derive **Λ λ : Greek letter Lambda, from which the following letters derive ***Л л : Cyrillic letter El ***Ⲗⲗ : Coptic letter Lamda ***𐌋 : Old Italic letter L, which is the ancestor of modern Latin L ****ᛚ : Runic letter laguz, which might derive from old Italic L ***𐌻 : Gothic letter laaz ==Computing codes== : 1 ==Other representations== == References == ==External links== * * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters
+The L & N Marine Terminal Building is a historic site in Pensacola, Florida. It is located at Commendencia Street Wharf. On August 14, 1972, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. In 1989, the building was listed in A Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture, published by the University of Florida Press.A Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture, 1989, Gainesville: University of Florida Press, p. 7, ==References== ==External links== * current photo * detailed construction and historical data from the Library of Congress * Escambia County listings at National Register of Historic Places * Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs ** Escambia County listings Category:Buildings and structures in Pensacola, Florida Category:National Register of Historic Places in Escambia County, Florida
+L is the 50th single (51st overall) by Japanese singer-songwriter Ayumi Hamasaki, released on 29 September 2010. It is Hamasaki's last release from the three-part project to celebrate fifty singles. Its title, L, is the Roman numeral for fifty. All of the songs from the single EP were recorded in Los Angeles. The single reached number 1, her 38th overall and 25th consecutive overall since "Free & Easy" on April 24, 2002. "L" has received an album certification for more than 100,000 copies shipped by the RIAJ, and the song "Virgin Road" has received a gold digital certification for paid downloads to cellphones. ==Music videos== The videos for Sweet Season and Virgin Road premiered September 27, 2010. The music video for Sweet Season starts with Hamasaki picking up her kids with her car, and driving back home. It shows Hamasaki and her kids having fun at the swimming pool outside their house. Near the end of the video, Hamasaki falls in the swimming pool slowly, with flashbacks of her and her kids. Then, she wakes up at the same place on her sofa, realizing that it was only a dream. She is dressed differently from before, changing from a sweet-looking mother into a weird looking woman, with heavy makeup. The second version of the video features new scenes of Hamasaki and her children in the living room singing, and scenes could be seen rewound. This version was not part of her Love Songs's music videos. The music video for Virgin Road features Austrian actor and model Manuel Schwarz (later to become Hamasaki's real-life husband). Virgin Road was Hamasaki's fifth-most expensive music videos, behind Jewel, Green, Fairyland and My Name's Women. The video's production reportedly cost $1,000,000. The music video was shot in Los Angeles and features Hamasaki and Schwarz getting married. After that, they are seen robbing a bank and gas station. The video represents was Hamasaki's first encounter with large guns. A police chase ensues, and Hamasaki throws the stolen money out of the car. Resting somewhere on the hill, helicopter throw grenades at the couple, but they escape. ==Overview== Hamasaki's 25th consecutive single breaks the record for the most consecutive number 1 singles by any female artist as well as any soloist since Seiko Matsuda in the 1980s; Matsuda's streak of 24 consecutive number-one singles was broken in 1989 when "Precious Heart" reached number 2, only lagging behind "Gravity of Love" by Tetsuya Komuro, who is also a major contributor to Hamasaki's 49th ("Crossroad") and 50th singles. ==Track listing== All lyrics written by Ayumi Hamasaki, except for "Seven Days War", which is a cover version of TM Network's song written by Mitsuko Komuro. === Jacket A === === Jacket B === === Jacket C === === Jacket D === ==Charts== === Oricon Sales Chart === Release Chart Peak position Debut Sales Sales total Chart run September 29, 2010 Oricon Daily Singles Chart 1 34,796 Oricon Weekly Singles Chart 1 70,715 94,573 8 weeks Oricon Monthly Singles Chart 6 92,478 Oricon Yearly Singles Chart 71 ==References== Category:2010 singles Category:Oricon Weekly number-one singles
+,Ohba, Tsugumi and Takeshi Obata. "Character File 2: L." Death Note: How to Read 13. Viz Media. 10. known mononymously as L, is a fictional character in the manga series Death Note, created by Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata. He is an enigmatic, mysterious, and highly-esteemed international consulting detective whose true identity and background is kept a secret. He communicates with law enforcement agencies only through his equally inexplicable handler/assistant, Watari, who serves as his official liaison with the authorities. Though his past is shrouded in mystery, he has gained a reputation as arguably the world's greatest detective/criminal profiler. Throughout the series, he observes and spies on the activities of the series' protagonist, Light Yagami, a high school genius. L attempts to expose Light as the infamous serial killer "Kira", who is responsible for massacring high- profile criminals worldwide through apparently supernatural means. As the series progresses, the psychological mind-game between L and Light intensifies, and each becomes bent on uncovering the other's true identity through a series of intricate ploys and schemes. He serves as an ideological and visual foil to Light. ==Creation and conception== Tsugumi Ohba, the writer of the series, created L as a young adult, since he believed the story would not hold much interest if L were significantly older than his opponent, Light. For L's name, he wanted to use a single letter with a lot of significance; he considered "I" and "J", but eventually he chose "L" after careful consideration. Ohba left most of L's character design to Takeshi Obata, artist of the series. Obata asked Ohba if L could be "unattractive". Afterwards Ohba included ideas in his thumbnails, including L's manner of sitting, "he's English", and "he's listless". Ohba added details regarding L's mannerisms and his interests in sweets. Ohba credits Obata for the character designs. Obata commented that L's thumbnails by Ohba had no bags under his eyes, and that he had a "plain face with no expression" which was very useful. Obata drew L as an "attractive young man" until chapter 11, when the character appeared in person. After chapter 11, Obata and Ohba agreed to contrast his appearance with Light's. During the development of the early manga chapters, Obata feared L would appear "so suspicious that Light would know instantly it was L if they ever met". When Obata's editor told him that he wanted L to have a face "looking cool based on the angle", Obata added black bags under L's eyes. Obata cited Devilman's Akira Fudou when stating that he believed that black bags were appealing. In addition, Obata thought of a "dead eyes" concept, which involved L having "all-black eyes" and "mostly no eyebrows". Obata believes that black eyes usually makes a character goofier, but the bags "sharpen the character's gaze". Obata believes that the design evokes "a feeling of mystery" and that the reader cannot determine L's true thoughts. Obata also said that the bags under L's eyes were useful for inspiring speculation about his lifestyle and background. The outfit Obata designed for L was a "simple" white, long-sleeved shirt and jeans, to convey that L does not put thought into choosing his clothing. In Death Note 13: How to Read, Ohba presented an initial rough draft of L and said that, with a "cool expression" and without the bags under his eyes, L looked like a different person. Obata stated that the peculiar traits exhibited by L are best revealed "gradually". Obata added that if he drew L eating "mountains of sweets" before revealing his face, he would not have "much credibility as a super detective" and people would ask if he was "crazy". Both Ohba and Obata chose L as their favorite character from the series, with the former noting him as the "strongest" character in the series besides Light, and the latter due to "appearance, personality, everything". Obata said that he could never have created a character like L and that he enjoyed drawing him. Obata added that because of this, L was not "real" to him and that he liked that aspect of the character. L's fighting style has been described as similar to capoeira. However, Obata has denied considering this when drawing L's fights, saying that he was thinking of the most effective way to kick someone whilst handcuffed. He added that if the style resembles capoeira, then this "adds another element to it" and "that makes me happy". When designing color illustrations, Obata assigned specific colors to the main characters to help "get the atmosphere right"; gold was assigned to L. ===Casting=== In the anime adaptation, he is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi in Japanese, and by Alessandro Juliani in English. He is portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the live-action film series, by Kento Yamazaki in the TV drama, and by Lakeith Stanfield in the American film. ===Film adaptations=== Matsuyama had trouble portraying L and worried about his performance. He reasoned that L rarely interacted with others, and so portrayed him as if he did not "quite understand other people on an emotional level" and had trouble emulating L's postures."The stars ." The Star. Sunday October 29, 2006. Retrieved on December 3, 2009. He also ate sweets like those that L would eat, and considered the details of L's signature gestures."CAST." Sinchew. Retrieved on December 3, 2009. Matsuyama said that he and Tatsuya Fujiwara, the actor portraying Light, became "so immersed" in their character portrayals that they did not speak to one another while on the set; when filming ceased they conversed and "went out for a drink or two". Hideo Nakata, the director of L: Change the World, told The Daily Yomiuri that he wanted to exhibit L's "human side" that was not exhibited in the Death Note series.Kan, Saori. "23 days to live ." The Star. Sunday March 23, 2008. Retrieved on January 25, 2010. ==Appearances== ===In Death Note=== L, who also uses the aliases , , , and , the latter two for which he has developed reputations as the second- and third-best detectives in the world, is a very discreet and secretive individual and only communicates with the authorities through his assistant/representative Watari. He never shows his face to the world, instead representing himself with a capital L in blackletter font. His real name, L Lawliet, is only revealed in the guidebook Death Note 13: How to Read. Whilst presented as an enigmatic, nameless, highly-intelligent, cunning and globally-esteemed international consulting detective, L is revealed to actually be a tall, disheveled and gaunt youth in his 20s with a pale complexion and visible dark circles around his eyes. He is a socially-inept, awkward and somewhat misanthropic recluse. He has many notable quirks and eccentricities, such as holding things with his index finger and thumb, crouching instead of sitting, mostly walking around barefoot, and having an unnatural affinity for sweets, cakes, candies, dairy foods and confectionery foods. He is seen exclusively eating these foods but this diet has no apparent effect on his health and physiology. Even with these eccentricities, he is a highly-skilled, intellectually-astute and brilliant criminologist/crime investigator. He may come off as cold and cynical and often utilizes questionable methods and mostly takes up solving cases out of boredom rather than a sense of duty. However, he does have a strict moral code, is aware of his own flaws and shortcomings and is unwilling to cross morally repugnant standards, unlike Kira. L has spent most of his life dedicating himself to solving crime cases, and hunting down and apprehending notorious criminals and felons around the world. It is implied that he suffers from loneliness, internal torment and low self-esteem, even calling himself "a monster" at one point. He also possesses an unusually high intellect and uncanny skills in strategy, deduction, observation, reasoning and profiling, which have given him a high reputation amongst law enforcement agencies worldwide. At the start of the series, L carries out his own investigation of a series of mysterious serial-killings across the globe, all of which are carried out by an apparent supernatural serial-killer known as "Kira", which is the Japanese transliteration of the English word "killer". After deducing that the serial-killings are all connected and perpetrated by a single mastermind and are sourced from Japan, L allies himself with the Japanese police force and assists them in investigating the murders. Although he strongly suspects the series' protagonist, Light Yagami, a high school genius and the son of detective superintendent Soichiro Yagami, one of the primary members of the Kira investigation allied with L, to be Kira's alter-ego, he is unable to prove his theory, due to lack of evidence, but nonetheless remains suspicious of Light and carefully observes him. The majority of the series' initial focus is on L and Light's complex, cerebral and intricate psychological mind-game of cat and mouse, as both use their wits and intellect in an attempt to outdo the other and expose them. Though L comes very close to exposing Light as Kira, he is eventually killed by Rem before he can do so, but before his death his suspicion is confirmed that Light is Kira. Although L's death regresses the Kira investigation's progress, he had prepared a contingency plan to ensure that someone would continue the work of hunting down and apprehending Kira, by selecting two gifted child orphans to be his potential successors, one of whom eventually succeeds in exposing Light as Kira. Although his true identity and birth name is obscured in mystery throughout the series, L utilizes a number of aliases to maintain his anonymity, such as "Hideki Ryuga" or "Ryuzaki", the latter of which he uses as his primary pseudonym throughout the Kira investigation. Ohba said that L is the most intelligent character in the entire Death Note series because "the plot requires it." ===In film=== L is portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the live-action films that adapt the Death Note manga, with his portrayal and characterization of the character receiving wide praise for being earnestly faithful to his original manga counterpart. Unlike the manga, in the second film, his "death", caused by Rem writing his name in her Death Note, does not take effect, as L had written his own name in Misa's Death Note earlier. In the 2008 movie L: Change the World, which takes place in the 23 days that L has left before he dies, L decides to solve one last case, stopping a bio- terrorist organization led by "K" from spreading a deadly virus around the world. Along the way he meets a girl named Maki, FBI agent Suruga, and a boy whom he names Near. In the course of the film, L grew to have a close relationship with Near and Maki, and while he treats Maki like a younger sister, the girl seemingly became attracted to him. A day before his death, L made Near his successor and entrusted him to be taken care at the same orphanage where he grew up in. In Death Note: Light Up the New World, Kenichi Matsuyama reprises his role as L. He makes a cameo appearance with child Ryuzaki, who inherits his DNA, giving him a lollipop and telling him to not use the Death Note as Ryuzaki promises not to. He is also seen in a CG video that Ryuzaki created. Lakeith Stanfield portrays L in the live-action American film adaptation. In this adaptation, he is shown as an enigmatic, skillful and highly esteemed international consulting detective. He is calm and calculating, yet socially inept and eccentric. He communicates with the authorities only through his handler/assistant, "Watari", and is affiliated with a number of law enforcement agencies such as the FBI, CIA and Interpol. He has earned a reputation for solving numerous cold cases, and takes up the task of apprehending the world-famous serial killer known as "Kira", who is responsible for massacring numerous high-profile criminals around the world through apparently supernatural means. This version of the character retains much of his manga counterpart's traits and characteristics, such as his preference to crouch rather than sit, his fondness for sweets, his socially- awkward, quirky and eccentric personality, and his tendency to hold things with his index finger and thumb. His past also originates from a secluded orphanage, though his real name is given as "Lebensborn Atubia". After deducing Kira's location in Seattle by purposely seeding the names of obscure criminals to "Kira", he assists police detective James Turner, the local head of the "Kira" investigation in Seattle. As the investigation progresses, L deduces that "Kira" needs a name and face to kill his victims and eventually suspects Light Turner, James' teenaged son, is connected to the murders. L obsessively tries to expose him and assigns a group of FBI agents to shadow him, along with other potential "Kira" suspects. As the film progresses, he demonstrates a darker, more aggressive, unstable and morally ambiguous side of his personality, which is intensified by the eventual deaths of the FBI agents (which is attributed to Kira) and Watari's sudden disappearance. L becomes emotionally unstable and attempts to attack Light in his home when he refuses to confess that he is "Kira". L begins his own manhunt for Light when Watari is seemingly murdered by "Kira", and James issues an arrest warrant for L, whom he sees as increasingly unstable. Light hoodwinks the authorities by manipulating a number of criminals to continue carrying out his activities through the Death Note, while inducing himself into a medical coma. This seemingly proves Light's innocence, and L is taken off the case. After deducing Light's girlfriend Mia Sutton's connection with the serial-murders, L finds a hidden page of the Death Note within her home and contemplates writing Light's name in it. Elsewhere, Light is visited by Ryuk, the Death Note's original owner, who comments on how interesting he finds humans. L's background and past is briefly explored in this adaptation. His childhood originates from a secluded and currently abandoned orphanage named the St. Martin's Orphanage. There, he was subjected to a series of tests and experiments as part of a clandestine government project to raise intellectually-gifted orphans into skilled black ops agents. As a result, his mental psyche was severely affected, which explains his unusual quirks and his unstable, irrational behavior in the film's second half. After his training and the institute's subsequent shutdown, L gained a reputation as an expert international detective with the help of Watari, who kept his mental stability in check and acted as a handler. ===In other media=== In the light novel Another Note: The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases, L recruits FBI agent Naomi Misora to investigate a series of murders. While the story includes several phone discussions with him from Misora's perspective, he only appears in person at the end of the novel, when he goes by the name "Ryuzaki" - an alias he appropriates from the novel's serial murderer, Beyond Birthday, who masquerades as L under the alias "Rue Ryuzaki". The light novel also says that L won the aliases Eraldo Coil and Deneuve in a "detective war" with the real Coil and Deneuve. In the musical adaptation, L is portrayed by Teppei Koike in the Japanese version and Kim Junsu in the Korean version. In the demo recording, he was portrayed by Jarrod Spector In the live-action TV drama, L is portrayed by Kento Yamazaki. The miniseries version has a few differences with other versions. His main outfit in the ministries is a white shirt and white trousers. While capturing Higuchi, Light saves L's life from Higuchi's gunshot. Later, while L tells Light that Light had written L's name in a false Death Note and that L will tell others that Light is Kira, Mikami kills L. Then Near takes L's place and follows the videos left by L. L's funeral is shown at the end of the series. ==Reception== Publications from manga and anime have commended L's character. Tom S. Pepirium of IGN describes L as "the coolest, most well developed character in anime today". Pepirium said that the "excellent translation" is responsible for L being a "success" in the English- language dub of Death Note. Anime News Network found that the mental duels between L and Light are appealing to viewers of the series due to how each attempts to discover the identity of the other while at the same time wanting to hide their own. The Hyper staff and Mania Entertainment's Julie Rosato agreed with Martin, with the latter commenting that L's and Light's rivalry as one of the best parts from the series to the point of being something "unique" in a manga. PopCultureShock writer Carlos Alexandre also praised their rivalry, he found L to be "too smart" noting that "some careful listening and application of critical thinking will make apparent the holes in L’s supposedly superhuman logic, holes that simply, given L’s character, should not be there". While reviewing the manga's third volume, Mania Entertainment concludes the article by saying that L "wins this volume; he really drove it forward" due to how close he gets to Light in such little time, which makes Light lose his temper after meeting him despite how calm he normally is. Pepirium adds that Alessandro Juliani, L's voice actor, portrays his slurping and gulping sweets as "somehow non-irritating". Theron Martin has also repeatedly praised Juliani's work, noting that he "captures the eccentric brilliance of L". IGN ranked him as the 12th greatest anime character in 2009, saying that "Every good lead character needs a challenge, and L provided the opposition that the Death Note series required to captivate fans." and ranked him as the 19th greatest anime character in 2014. Manga artist Katsura Hoshino, a former assistant of Takeshi Obata, has said that she likes the way the L is often drawn as he gives the appeal of a chill character. In January 2007, Oricon made a poll in which they asked Japanese fans from manga and anime which characters from any series they would most like to see in spinoff series. The overall winner from the poll was L, who also ranked first in the women's poll and second in the men's poll. In the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation Awards (SPJA) from 2008 Alessandro Juliani was the winner in the category "Best Voice Actor (English)" for his work as L. Kappei Yamaguchi was the winner in the category "Best Voice Actor (Japanese)" from the 2009 SPJA Industry Awards for his work as L. L also won in the category "Best Male Character". In the NEO Awards 2007 from Neo, L won in the category "Best Manga Character". ==See also== * List of Death Note characters ==References== Category:Martial artist characters in anime and manga Category:Comics characters introduced in 2003 Category:Death Note characters Category:Fictional capoeira practitioners Category:Fictional code names Category:Fictional English people Category:Fictional heart attacks Category:Fictional murdered people Category:Fictional private investigators Category:Male characters in anime and manga
+L is the stage name of Raphaële Lannadère,"L", tôt Ou tard, publisher website. Accessed on line June 26, 2012. a French singer-songwriter, born February 23, 1981.L (Raphaële Lannadère), evene.fr. Accessed on line June 26, 2012. == Biography == When very young, L sang and gave small concerts for her family. When she was close to 20 years old, with the help of an ethnomusicologist, she studied Gypsy, Corsican, and Bulgarian polyphonic music, as well as gospel and fado, which would affect her music and singing style.Chanson Boum ! 10–11, Hélène Hazéra, "L", franceculture.fr. June 12, 2011; accessed on line June 26, 2012. In 2002, she chose a stage name, L, her initial, and gave her first concert in the basement of a Parisian restaurant, accompanied by the future Babx (David Babin.) Many concerts followed where she performed classics of French song such as Piaf, Ferré, Brel and Barbara, and during which she refined her writing. She also sang with the Brazilians Ricardo Tete and Teofilo Chantre. Her 6-track EP was released in 2008, and broadcast on FIP, France Inter and Europe 1. In 2010, she was invited to the Découvertes du Printemps de BourgesLa jeune L prend son envol, Valérie Lehoux, April 19, 2011, revised December 27, 2011, Télérama; accessed on line June 26, 2012. and to the Chantier des Francos. She wrote for Camelia Jordana. Her first album, Initiale, was released in April 2011. She received the Barbara prize in 2011,Le prix Barbara 2011 est attribué à « L » , ArtéMédia, June 22, 2011. Accessed on line June 26, 2012. as well as the Grand Prix du Disque for French Song.Grands prix du disque et du DVD 2011, 64e Palmarès et Prix Charles Cros des Lyceens . Accessed on line June 26, 2012. == Discography == * Premières Lettres (6 tracks), Karbaoui Rec / Sounds (2008) * Initiale, Tôt ou tard (2011) * L., Tôt ou tard (2015) * Chansons, Tôt ou tard (2018) == References == Category:1981 births Category:French women singer-songwriters Category:French singer-songwriters Category:Living people Category:21st- century French singers
+L is the second album by Godley & Creme. It was released in 1978. At 34 minutes, it is less than a third as long as the group's previous effort, the ill-received triple concept album Consequences (1977). Despite this, L was also not received well commercially. The songs contain much variation and artistry, dissonances, complex time signatures and melodies, poetic lyrics, and some echoes from Frank Zappa's Over-Nite Sensation (1973). Zappa is even name-checked on the song "Art School Canteen." The album was played almost completely by Godley and Creme, except for saxophones, and a brief vocal cameo by Paul Gambaccini. The lyrics retained the satirical stance of some 10cc material, with songs such as "The Sporting Life" and "Art School Canteen", which deal with suicide and art school angst. The album cover depicts an "L-plate", used in some countries to designate vehicles with novice drivers ("Learner"). Although the duo were generally known as 'Godley and Creme', the original cover merely repeats their surnames around its perimeter (on the back) and delineates their 'group' name as 'Godley + Creme' on the spine. == Track listing == ;Side 1 # "The Sporting Life" – 7:25 # "Sandwiches of You" – 3:17 # "Art School Canteen" – 3:00 # "Group Life" – 4:11 ;Side 2 # "Punchbag" – 4:44 # "Foreign Accents" – 4:37 # "Hit Factory/Business Is Business" – 7:08 == Personnel == Credits sourced from the original album liner notes and "Sound International" * Kevin Godley – lead and backing vocals, drums (1, 2, 4, 5), xylophone (1, 2, 6), roto-toms (1), percussion (1, 2, 7), congas (3), triangle (4), clavinet (5), high-hat (6), tonal percussion (6), snare drum (6), bongos (7), drum machine (7), bass guitar (4) * Lol Creme – lead and backing vocals, piano (1, 3-7), Rhodes electric piano (1, 4), guitars (1, 2, 4-7), Kramer bass guitar (1, 2, 5-7), Gizmo (1, 3, 5, 7), Farfisa organ (1), Guild 12-string acoustic guitar (3), Guild acoustic bass guitar (3), clavinet (4, 6), drums (7) * Andy Mackay – baritone (7), tenor (6, 7), soprano (7), and alto saxophone (6, 7) * Paul Gambaccini – Bad Samaritan voices (1) * Jonathan Handelsman – alto and soprano saxophones (4) * Chris Gray, Nigel Gray – engineers == References == Category:1978 albums Category:Godley & Creme albums Category:Mercury Records albums
+L was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1920 to 1940. ==History== The West 11th and Lincoln Park line began service on May 9, 1920, as a through routing of the San Pedro and W. 11th Street Line and trackage on Main Street. The eastern end of the route formed a large counterclockwise loop through Lincoln Heights, with the complementing clockwise service through the segment routed to the West Adams and Lincoln Park line. It was given the letter designation L in 1921. In August 1924 loop was eliminated, with line now running bi-directional on Mission Place and the A Line taking over tracks on Broadway. That December the west end was rerouted to Spring and Ord Streets. L service took over the branch line which was built to serve the Glendale and Montrose Railway in 1925 — O and E cars initially had served been routed along the line. Tracks between Spring and Main Streets were eliminated in April 1926 to facilitate construction of the new Los Angeles City Hall. The following July, service to the Glendale and Montrose Railway depot was discontinued and the line was rerouted downtown to terminate at Spring and Court Streets. Cars followed a detour on P line tracks at the end of 1927 and routed to Spring and Temple Streets following constriction of the 1st Street Viaduct. On June 12, 1932, the line was rerouted downtown to terminate at Fountain Avenue and Edgemont Street — cars ceased running on Flower Street, 10th Street, Main Street, and Spring Street. Cars were briefly run through the new Hill Street Tunnel in 1939 before again being rerouted downtown. The final iteration of the L line began at Olympic Boulevard and Mullen Street and ended at the Civic Center, running via 10th (which was being rebuilt as Olympic), Country Club, Victoria, Hoover, 11th, Main, and Spring. The western end of the line was cut back to Menlo Avenue in April 1940, shortly before the service was discontinued on May 26. ==Sources== ==External links== * L Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway services introduced in 1920 Category:Railway lines closed in 1940 Category:1920 establishments in California Category:1940 disestablishments in California
+L was recorded at several shows from moe.'s Fall 1999 tour, Former drummer Jim Loughlin returned to the band earlier in the year as a multi-instrumental utility man, adding to the drum work of Vinnie Amico. This set features the first released versions of "Can't Seem To Find" and "Captain America", predating their release on Dither by eight months. The album reached a peak position of #29 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart. Jammy Award winner (2000) for best live archival release. ==Track listing== ===Disc one (67:25)=== # Spine of a Dog (Derhak, Garvey, moe.) – 12:54 → #*Nov. 19, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA # Buster (Derhak, moe.) – 10:31 #*Nov. 19, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA # Can't Seem to Find (Schnier) – 5:36 #*Nov. 17, 1999 @ The Joint, Las Vegas, NV # Seat of My Pants (Schnier) – 11:29 #*Nov. 26, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA # Yodelittle (Schnier, moe.) – 15:25 #*Nov. 12, 1999 @ Boulder Theater, Boulder, CO # Plane Crash (Derhak, moe.) – 11:32 #*Oct. 9, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC ===Disc two (73:52)=== # Akimbo (Garvey, moe.) – 8:24 #*Nov. 27, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA # Captain America (Derhak) – 4:36 #*Nov. 20, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA # Meat (Schnier, moe.) – 8:03 #*Nov. 27, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA # St. Augustine (Derhak, moe.) – 10:39 #*Nov. 26, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA # Timmy Tucker (Derhak, moe.) – 23:25 → #*Oct. 8, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC # Recreational Chemistry (Schnier, moe.) – 18:47 #*Oct. 8, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC ==Personnel== moe. :Vinnie Amico - percussion, drums, producer :Rob Derhak - bass, songwriter, vocals, producer :Chuck Garvey - guitars (acoustic, electric), songwriter, vocals, producer :Jim Loughlin - guitar (acoustic), flute, percussion, songwriter, drums, producer :Al Schnier - guitars (acoustic, electric), mandolin, songwriter, vocals, producer Debbie Amico - photography Chris Burrows - production coordination Bil Emmons - engineer Fred Kevorkian - mastering John Siket - producer, mixing ==References== ==External links== *moe.'s webpage *[ All Music link] Category:Jammy Award winners Category:Moe (band) live albums Category:2000 live albums
+The L 14th Street–Canarsie Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it serves the BMT Canarsie Line. The L operates at all times between Eighth Avenue in Chelsea, Manhattan, and Rockaway Parkway in Canarsie, Brooklyn. It also briefly enters Queens at Halsey Street, serving the neighborhood of Ridgewood. It is the first New York City Subway service to be automated using communications-based train control. The L commenced its current route and service pattern upon completion of the Canarsie Line in 1928. Express trains formerly ran along the L's trackage in central Brooklyn, running along the BMT Fulton Street Line in eastern Brooklyn, but were discontinued in 1956. Since then, the L has been entirely local. The L was originally the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation's 16 service. The 16 became the LL in 1967 and then the L in 1985. In the early 2000s, the L saw a dramatic increase in ridership since many neighborhoods along the route have experienced gentrification. From April 2019 to April 2020, late-night and weekend L service between Manhattan and Brooklyn was temporarily reduced as part of the 14th Street Tunnel shutdown, which sought to repair damage to the 14th Street Tunnel incurred by Hurricane Sandy in 2012. == History == ===Early history=== ==== 1924−1967 ==== November 26, 1967 – June, 1979 bullet dark gray "LL" train symbol in use from 1967 to 1979 June, 1979 – May 6, 1985 bullet Slate gray "LL" train symbol in use from 1979 to 1985 Original 16 designation for the BMT Canarsie Line service 100px The L was originally given the LL designation when letters were assigned to the BMT division. From 1928 to 1967, the same service was assigned the BMT number 16. In 1924, part of the eventual 14th Street–Canarsie Line opened, called the "14th Street–Eastern District Line" (commonly the "14th Street–Eastern Line"), and was given the number 16. This was extended east, and in 1928 it was joined to the existing BMT Canarsie Line east of Broadway Junction. Since that time, the 14th Street–Canarsie Line service has operated as it is today, except for an extension from Sixth Avenue to Eighth Avenue, which opened on May 30, 1931, to connect to the new Eighth Avenue Subway. The Eighth Avenue Terminal was originally built in IND style and has been restored to BMT style like Fulton Street and Broad Street. During rush hours, express service ran nonstop between Lorimer Street and Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues. (Locals usually ran from Eighth Avenue to Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues or Atlantic Avenue at these times.)Line by line history L train Before the 14th Street–Eastern and Canarsie Lines were connected, the Canarsie part of the line already had a number, 14, running from Lower Manhattan via the Broadway Elevated and called the Canarsie Line. When the 14th Street–Eastern Line was connected in 1928, this was renamed the Broadway (Brooklyn) Line, but continued to operate to Rockaway Parkway. Starting on September 23, 1936, express trains ran to Lefferts Boulevard via the connection with the Fulton Street Elevated at Atlantic Avenue. This connection was severed on April 30, 1956, then the service ran to Rockaway Parkway again, but was discontinued on August 23. The R27 to R38's roll signs had both L and LL for express and local service, even though the express never ran thereafter. ==== 1967−1985 ==== On November 26, 1967, with the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection, the BMT Eastern Division lines were given letters. The 14 to Canarsie was given the label (though the 14 main line was designated , continuing east from Broadway Junction towards Jamaica). On the other hand, the 16 became the LL. Canarsie service to Lower Manhattan was discontinued in 1968. When double letters were dropped on May 5, 1985, the LL became the L, and it still has that designation. === Skip-stop service proposal === In 1991, skip-stop service was proposed to speed service during the height of rush hours in the peak direction which would have reduced the running time from 41 minutes to 37 minutes. Under this plan, the K designation, which was previously used as the Broadway Brooklyn Local from 1967 to 1976, and as the Eighth Avenue Local from 1985 to 1988, would be repurposed and would appear in a gray bullet similar to the color the L uses. Both services would have common stops at Rockaway Parkway, Broadway Junction (then called Eastern Parkway), Myrtle Avenue, Lorimer Street, First Avenue, Union Square, Sixth Avenue and Eighth Avenue. L trains would stop at East 105th Street, Livonia Avenue, Atlantic Avenue, Wilson Avenue, DeKalb Avenue, Morgan Avenue, Grand Street, and Bedford Avenue; K trains would stop at New Lots Avenue, Sutter Avenue, Bushwick Avenue–Aberdeen Street, Halsey Street, Jefferson Street, Montrose Avenue, Graham Avenue and Third Avenue. This change was proposed as a service improvement alongside other changes that would have either reduced or eliminated service to balance the MTA's operational budget, but was never implemented. ===Modernization and rehabilitation=== ==== Ridership and CBTC ==== Ridership on the L has increased dramatically since 2000 since many neighborhoods along the route have experienced gentrification. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority's $443 million fleets of subway cars on the L was introduced in 2002, but by 2006 was already too small to handle growing ridership. The Transit Authority had projected that 212 Kawasaki-made R143 subway cars would be enough to accommodate ridership demands for years to come, but ridership has risen higher than expected. Therefore, sixty-eight new R160A cars manufactured by Alstom were equipped with CBTC so they could run on the L. The BMT Canarsie Line tracks underwent an extensive retrofit over to CBTC, a system that controls the trains via a computer onboard, as opposed manually operated by a human operator. This was completed in early 2009.MTA Capital Program Milestones Report While the retrofit has resulted in nearly two years of service changes and station closings, this system will eventually allow trains to run closer together and enables in-station "countdown clock" displays to note the exact time until the next train arrives. The line also used OPTO (one person train operation) beginning in June 2005, but a combination of public outcry regarding perceived safety issues, which increased after the July 2005 London tube bombings, heavy lobbying by the Transport Workers Union of America (TWU), as well as an arbitration ruling that MTA had breached its contract with TWU caused the Metropolitan Transportation Authority to end OPTO the following September. However, the MTA's successful implementation of countdown clocks on the L was the first in the system.MTA/Siemens train-arrival sign On April 27, 2003, midday L service was reduced to run every 8 minutes instead of every 6 minutes. ==== 14th Street Tunnel shutdown ==== Starting April 27, 2019, L service was limited between Third Avenue and Bedford Avenue on late nights and weekends to allow for repairs on the Canarsie Line tunnels under the East River, which were badly damaged by Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Trains in both directions operated on one tube between Third and Bedford Avenues while late night and weekend work was done on the other tube. The original plan was for a full 15-month closure with both tubes closed simultaneously west of Bedford Avenue, but the plans were revised in January 2019. On April 26, 2020, New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced the completion of the project, months ahead of schedule. ==Route== ===Service pattern=== The L uses the following lines with the same service pattern at all times. Line From To Tracks BMT Canarsie Line Eighth Avenue Canarsie–Rockaway Parkway all === Stations === The L runs on the BMT Canarsie Line in its entirety. 20px|L service Stations Subway transfers Connections Manhattan Canarsie Line Canarsie Line Canarsie Line Canarsie Line Canarsie Line (IND Eighth Avenue Line at ) M14A / M14D Select Bus Service (IND Sixth Avenue Line at ) Out-of-system transfer with MetroCard/OMNY: (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at ) PATH at M14A / M14D Select Bus Service (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) (BMT Broadway Line) M14A / M14D Select Bus Service M14A / M14D Select Bus Service M14A / M14D Select Bus Service Northbound M15 Select Bus Service Brooklyn NYC Ferry: East River Route (at North Sixth Street west of Kent Avenue) (IND Crosstown Line at ) (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line) Some a.m. rush hour trips begin or end their runs to/from Eighth Avenue at this station ↑ Station is ADA-accessible in the northbound direction only. (IND Fulton Street Line) (BMT Jamaica Line) LIRR Atlantic Branch at Out-of-system transfer with MetroCard/OMNY: (IRT New Lots Line at ) B15 bus to JFK Int'l Airport Some northbound rush hour trips begin at this station B82 Select Bus Service; free in-station transfer to B42 bus and westbound B6 and B82 buses. == Notes == == References == == External links == * MTA NYC Transit – L 14th Street – Canarsie Local * * # Category:New York City Subway services
+L (Néry) Battery Royal Horse Artillery is the Tactical Group Battery of 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery. ==Previous role== The Battery became a Tactical Group Battery in 2005, with its guns firing their last rounds in Otterburn in February 2005. *2006 – L/N (Nery) Battery (The Eagles Troop) RHA split to reform separately as L and N Batteries. N Battery returned to 3 RHA to become their Tactical Group Battery and L Battery became 1 RHA's Tactical Group Battery – supporting the HCR, 1st Mech Bde Formation Reconnaissance Regiment. ===Battery structure=== L (Nery) Battery are known as a Tactical Group Battery and they consist of approximately 30 personnel: * Battery Commanders FOO Party * FOO Party A - Commanded by the Battery Captain * FOO Party B - Commanded by a Captain. * Battery Commanders Tac Group ===Equipment=== L (Nery) Battery are currently equipped with CVRT, rather the Warrior OPV. They have Forward Air Controllers in each team. ==History== ===Formation=== L (Nery) Battery were formed in India in 1809 as 3rd Troop The Bengal Horse Artillery. ===19th century=== *1857 - The Battery was distinguished with service in the Indian Mutiny, when in action on 7 July 1857, Gunner William Connolly who was repeatedly injured, refused to leave his post on the gun. He was awarded L Battery's first Victoria Cross. *1889 - the Battery was renamed L Battery Royal Horse Artillery. ===World War One=== *1914 – L Battery accompanied the BEF to France. *1914 - The Action at Néry. On the morning of 1 September 1914 the German 4th Cavalry Division attacked 1st Cavalry Brigade and L Battery, who had been camped in the village of Néry. In the action that followed, L Battery, less for one gun, was all but destroyed. The 13-pounder gun manned by Captain Bradbury, WO2 Dorrell, Sergeant Nelson, and Gunners Osbourne and Darbyshire, managed to keep the single gun in action against the three German Batteries located a thousand yards away. The Artillery fire put down by this gun allowed the 1st Cavalry Brigade to deliver a successful Counter attack. For this action Captain Bradbury, WO2 Dorrell, Sergeant Nelson, were all awarded the Victoria Cross. ===World War Two=== L (Nery) Battery served with distinction during WW2 in North Africa and Italy. ===Cold War=== L (Nery) Battery also deployed to Palestine, Malaya, and Cyprus and Northern Ireland. ==Recent and current conflicts== ===Northern Ireland=== L (Nery) Battery deployed to Northern Ireland. ===Persian Gulf War=== Elements of the Battery also served in Operation Granby in the Persian Gulf. ===Balkan Wars=== *1993 – L Battery joined 1 RHA in Assaye Barracks Tidworth Camp when 2 Regt RA (formerly 2 RHA) disbanded. *1999- The Battery amalgamated with N Battery (The Eagle Troop) RHA to become L/N (Néry) Battery (The Eagle Troop) RHA. The Battery served in the Balkans. ===Operation TELIC in Iraq=== *2004 - L / N Battery served in Iraq on Op TELIC 4. ==See also== *British Army *Royal Artillery *Royal Horse Artillery *List of Royal Artillery Batteries == References == ==Bibliography== * ==External links== * * the centenary Commemoration of the Battle of nery Category:Royal Horse Artillery batteries Category:Royal Artillery batteries Category:1809 establishments in British India Category:Military units and formations established in 1809
+L is the second studio album by British progressive rock musician Steve Hillage. It was recorded primarily in New York, at the Secret Sound, Woodstock, N.Y., and was produced and engineered by Todd Rundgren, using musicians from Todd Rundgren's band Utopia and others. According to liner notes supplied with the US pressing, Rundgren had only just become aware of Hillage, and following a letter from Hillage to Rundgren, and a reply from Rundgren, Hillage travelled to New York to meet, and the agreement to work together flowed from that. The cover features a clean-shaven Hillage (most of the publicity shots of Hillage during the 1970s show him with a full beard) holding his guitar, brightly backlit. Unusually for Hillage, half the songs on this album are covers. "Hurdy Gurdy Man" was written by Donovan, "Om Nama Shivaya" is based on a traditional Hindu mantra, and "It's All Too Much" was written by George Harrison, and originally appeared on the 1969 Beatles album, Yellow Submarine. The original Virgin catalogue number for this album on vinyl was V2066. An American pressing was issued on Atlantic Records, catalogue number SD 18205. In the Q & Mojo Classic Special Edition Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock, the album came 28th in its list of "40 Cosmic Rock Albums".Q Classic: Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock, 2005. == Charts == The album entered the UK charts on 16 October 1976, where it stayed for 12 weeks, hitting a peak of number 10.The Guinness book of British Hit Albums, 1983, page 80. This was the most successful of Steve Hillage's solo albums, the next most successful being Motivation Radio and Green, which reached numbers 28 and 30, respectively. == Track listing == ;Side one # "Hurdy Gurdy Man" (Donovan) – 6:32 # "Hurdy Gurdy Glissando" (Miquette Giraudy, Steve Hillage) – 8:54 # "Electrick Gypsies" (Hillage) – 6:24 ;Side two # "Om Nama Shivaya" (lyrics: Uma Nanda; music: Kesar Singh Narula) – 3:33 # "Lunar Musick Suite" (Giraudy, Hillage) – 11:59 # "It's All Too Much" (George Harrison) – 6:26 == Personnel == * Steve Hillage – guitar, vocals, EMS VCS 3, ARP Pro Soloist, shehnai * Miquette Giraudy – lady voice, Isis vibes * Roger Powell – RMI keyboard computer, piano, Moog synthesizer * Kasim Sulton – bass guitar * John Wilcox – drums * Don Cherry – trumpet, voices, bells, tambura * Larry Karush – tabla * Sonja Malkine – 15th century hurdy-gurdy == References == Category:1976 albums Category:Steve Hillage albums Category:Albums produced by Todd Rundgren Category:Virgin Records albums
+L is the second and last album released by alternative rock group the Caulfields. The album was released on compact disc on April 22, 1997, by A&M; Records."Allmusic: L" ==Track listing== #"Figure It Out" – 3:47 #"President of Nothing" – 3:59 #"Waiting to Cry" – 2:52 #"Once Upon a Time" – 4:40 #"Invincible" – 3:22 #"Book of Your Life" – 3:17 #"The Kitchen Debate" – 3:13 #"Skeleton Key" – 3:46 #"All I Want Is Out" – 3:29 #"All Things to All People" – 3:01 #"Atlas Daughter" – 3:34 #"Heaven on the Moon" – 4:14 #"Beard of Bees" – 2:52 #"Tomorrow Morning" – 3:54 #"Born Yesterday" – 3:59 ==References== Category:1997 albums Category:The Caulfields albums Category:A&M; Records albums
+In computational complexity theory, L (also known as LSPACE or DLOGSPACE) is the complexity class containing decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a logarithmic amount of writable memory space., Definition 8.12, p. 295., p. 177. Formally, the Turing machine has two tapes, one of which encodes the input and can only be read,On a read/write input tape, a linear amount of memory could be obtained by packing of symbols (as in the proof of the linear speedup theorem), thus evading the logspace contraint. whereas the other tape has logarithmic size but can be read as well as written. Logarithmic space is sufficient to hold a constant number of pointers into the input and a logarithmic number of boolean flags, and many basic logspace algorithms use the memory in this way. ==Complete problems and logical characterization== Every non-trivial problem in L is complete under log-space reductions,See , Theorem 7.13 (claim 2), p. 179. so weaker reductions are required to identify meaningful notions of L-completeness, the most common being first-order reductions. A 2004 result by Omer Reingold shows that USTCON, the problem of whether there exists a path between two vertices in a given undirected graph, is in L, showing that L = SL, since USTCON is SL- complete. One consequence of this is a simple logical characterization of L: it contains precisely those languages expressible in first-order logic with an added commutative transitive closure operator (in graph theoretical terms, this turns every connected component into a clique). This result has application to database query languages: data complexity of a query is defined as the complexity of answering a fixed query considering the data size as the variable input. For this measure, queries against relational databases with complete information (having no notion of nulls) as expressed for instance in relational algebra are in L. ==Related complexity classes== L is a subclass of NL, which is the class of languages decidable in logarithmic space on a nondeterministic Turing machine. A problem in NL may be transformed into a problem of reachability in a directed graph representing states and state transitions of the nondeterministic machine, and the logarithmic space bound implies that this graph has a polynomial number of vertices and edges, from which it follows that NL is contained in the complexity class P of problems solvable in deterministic polynomial time., Corollary 8.21, p. 299. Thus L ⊆ NL ⊆ P. The inclusion of L into P can also be proved more directly: a decider using O(log n) space cannot use more than 2O(log n) = nO(1) time, because this is the total number of possible configurations. L further relates to the class NC in the following way: NC1 ⊆ L ⊆ NL ⊆ NC2. In words, given a parallel computer C with a polynomial number O(nk) of processors for some constant k, any problem that can be solved on C in O(log n) time is in L, and any problem in L can be solved in O(log2 n) time on C. Important open problems include whether L = P, and whether L = NL., p. 297; , p. 180. It is not even known whether L = NP. The related class of function problems is FL. FL is often used to define logspace reductions. ==Additional properties== L is low for itself, because it can simulate log-space oracle queries (roughly speaking, "function calls which use log space") in log space, reusing the same space for each query. ==Other uses== The main idea of logspace is that one can store a polynomial-magnitude number in logspace and use it to remember pointers to a position of the input. The logspace class is therefore useful to model computation where the input is too big to fit in the RAM of a computer. Long DNA sequences and databases are good examples of problems where only a constant part of the input will be in RAM at a given time and where we have pointers to compute the next part of the input to inspect, thus using only logarithmic memory. ==See also== *L/poly, a nonuniform variant of L that captures the complexity of polynomial-size branching programs ==Notes== ==References== * * * * * Category:Complexity classes
+Kim Myung-soo (; born March 13, 1992), known professionally as L, is a South Korean singer, actor, and model. He debuted as a vocalist of boy band Infinite in 2010 and its sub-group Infinite F in 2014. ==Early life== Kim Myungsoo was born on March 13, 1992, in Seoul, South Korea. He has a brother, Kim Moon-soo, who is two years younger than him. Kim attended Duk-soo High School and graduated from Daekyung University on February 15, 2013, majoring in practical music. ==Career== ===2010–2016: Music and acting career=== As a high school student, L auditioned for Woollim Entertainment after being street cast for his good looks. He was selected as the first member of idol group Infinite. He made his debut as a vocalist of the boy group in June 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2010. In 2011, he made his acting debut in Japanese drama Jiu Keishicho Tokushuhan Sousagakari, which aired on TV Asahi in July. In 2012, he was cast in tvN's romance comedy series Flower Band, as a guitarist of a rock group. He was also cast in MBC's sitcom What's The Deal, Mom? On May 15, 2013, L released a photo essay book titled L's Bravo Viewtiful, showing photos taken by him on a 93-day journey. The book was a best-seller, and reached No. 1 in pre-orders on online bookstores such as and Kyobo. In August 2013, he had a cameo in SBS's Master's Sun, playing the younger version of So Ji-sub's character. In 2014, he was cast in supporting roles in MBC's Cunning Single Lady and SBS's My Lovely Girl. With bandmates Sungyeol and Sungjong he comprised the subgroup Infinite F, which released a single album, Koi No Sign, in Japan on November 19, 2014, and a Korean album, Love Sign, in December 2014. In 2015, he was cast in his first film Mister Shark, about a boy who befriends a shark. In 2016, L was cast in the Korean-Chinese web drama My Catman. He also starred in the drama special The Day After We Broke Up, which was his first lead role. ===2017–present: Rising popularity and military enlistment=== In 2017, L starred in MBC's historical drama The Emperor: Owner of the Mask. His portrayal of a commoner who stands in for the king earned viewers' approval, and he was named Actor of the Month in June by MBC Dramanet. In 2018, L starred in the legal drama Ms. Hammurabi portraying a judge. His performance in the series was well-received, earning him increased recognition. In 2019, L starred in the fantasy romance drama Angel's Last Mission: Love. In August 2019, L left Woollim. In 2020, L starred in the fantasy romance drama Welcome as a cat who turns into a human male. In December 2020, L starred in historical comedy Royal Secret Agent. Before his enlistment, he released his debut single album Memory on February 3. He also held an online fan meeting on February 20. While serving his military enlistment, it was announced on September 25, 2021 that L will make his musical theatre debut in the military musical Meisa's Song alongside EXO's Chanyeol, B.A.P.'s Daehyun and actor Moon Yong-suk. On March 7, 2023, L signed a contract with Luke Media. == Personal life == === Military enlistment === On February 22, 2021, L enlisted for his mandatory military service as a member of the Republic of Korea Marine Corps. L was discharged on August 21, 2022. Later, on August 22, 2022, L posted on Instagram that he was discharged from military service. ==Discography== ===Single albums=== Title Details Peak chart positions Sales KOR * Memory * Released: February 3, 2021 * Label: Management 2sang, Universal Music * Formats: CD, digital download, streaming 5 *KOR: 18,844 === Singles === Title Year Peak chart position Sales Album KOR Charted songs: * As lead artist "It's All For You" 2013 — rowspan="3" "Reminisce" 2018 — Top Seed "Memory" 2021 — Memory Soundtrack appearances "Love U Like U" (with Kim Yerim) 2012 27 * KOR: 233,449 Flower Band OST "It's Okay Even If It's Not Me" 2017 — rowspan="2" The Emperor: Owner of the Mask OST "The Nights That I Miss You" 2019 — Angel's Last Mission: Love OST Compilation "Go Get Her" (with Park Jae-jung) 2016 — rowspan="2" King of Mask Singer Ep. 63 "In the Rain" — "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that region. ===Songwriting and producing credits=== Year Album Artist Song Lyrics Music Credited With Credited With 2013 L "It's All For You" 2018 Top Seed L "Reminisce" Jeong Min-ji ==Filmography== ===Television series=== Year Title Role Notes 2011 Jiu Jiu Japanese drama Welcome to the Wara Store Himself Voice only 2012 Flower Band Lee Hyun-soo Salamander Guru and The Shadows Himself Cameo, (Episode 3) What is Mom? Kim Myung-soo 2013 Master's Sun Joo Joong-won (young) 2014 Cunning Single Lady Gil Yo-han My Lovely Girl Shi-woo 2015 The Time We Were Not in Love Ki Sung-jae Cameo (Episode 2–4) 2016 One More Time Yoo Tan Drama special 2017 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Lee Sun 2018 Ms. Hammurabi Im Ba-reun 2019 Angel's Last Mission: Love Kim Dan 2020 Welcome Hong-jo 2020–2021 Royal Secret Agent Sung Yi-gyum 2023 Numbers Jang Ho-woo === Web series === Year Title Role Notes 2016 My Catman Jung Ho-yeon unreleased === Hosting === Year Title Notes 2022 2022 Changwon K-POP World Festival with AleXa and Sua (Billlie) == Theater == Year English title Korean title Role Notes 2021 The Meisa’s Song 메이사의 노래 Yeon Jun-seok Military musical ==Publication== ===Photobook=== Year Title Publisher Ref. 2013 L's Bravo Viewtiful Tokyo L's Bravo Viewtiful Part. 2 Tokyo ==Awards and nominations== Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination Award ceremony Year Category Nominee / Work Result APAN Star Awards 2018 Best New Actor Ms. Hammurabi Asia Artist Awards 2018 Best Icon L Asia Model Award 2019 Popular Star (Actor) Angel's Last Mission: Love KBS Drama Awards 2019 Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries Angel's Last Mission: Love Best New Actor 2019 Angel's Last Mission: Love Netizen Award, actor 2019 Angel's Last Mission: Love K-Drama Hallyu Star 2019 Angel's Last Mission: Love Best Couple Award 2019 Kim Myung-soo with Shin Hye-sun Angel's Last Mission: Love 2020 Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries Welcome 2021 Top Excellence Award, Actor Royal Secret Agent Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries Korea Drama Awards 2013 Best Young Actor Master's Sun 2017 Best New Actor The Emperor: Owner of the Mask 2019 Best New Actor Angel's Last Mission: Love 2022 Global Star Award Royal Secret Agent Korea First Brand Awards 2017 Male Acting Idol L MBC Drama Awards 2017 Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Best New Actor 2017 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Popularity Award, actor 2017 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Best Character Award, Fighting Spirit Acting 2017 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Seoul International Drama Awards 2021 Outstanding Korean Actor Royal Secret Agent Seoul Webfest Awards 2017 Best Rising Star My Catman Seoul Webfest Awards Special Award My Catman Soompi Awards 2018 Best Idol Actor The Emperor: Owner of the Mask The Seoul Awards 2017 Popularity Award, actor ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * * Category:1992 births Category:Infinite (group) members Category:Living people Category:Male actors from Seoul Category:Singers from Seoul Category:South Korean male idols Category:South Korean male film actors Category:South Korean male singers Category:South Korean male television actors Category:South Korean pop singers Category:South Korean male web series actors Category:Republic of Korea Marine Corps personnel
+L (Learning) is a 2011 Greek comedy-drama film directed by Babis Makridis in his debut, and written by Makridis and Efthymis Filippou, based on an original idea by Yorgos Giokas. It stars Aris Servetalis as a 40 year old man whose life rapidly changes over the course of a single day. Makridis had previously produced a short film, The Last Fakir (2005), which received the Newcomer's Prize at the 2005 International Short Film Festival in Drama. L, his first feature film, was the first Greek selection to compete at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival (19–29 January 2012) where its international premiere took place. It was also nominated to compete in the official Tiger Awards competition in the International Film Festival Rotterdam (25 January – 5 February 2012). The film was nominated for Best Script award at the Hellenic Film Academy Awards. A six-minute extract was first released at the Work Progress Section of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, at the Czech Republic in July 2011. ==Plot== A Man lives in his car. He is 40 years old and although he does not have a lot of free time, when he does, he chooses to spend it with his family. He meets his wife and two children at a specified day and time in car parking lots. His job is to locate and bring the finest honey to a 50-year-old man. A New Driver shows up and the Man gets fired. The Man's life changes and he finds it absurd that no one trusts him anymore. ==Cast== * Aris Servetalis as the Man * Makis Papadimitriou as the Black Rider * Yannis Bostantzoglou as the Boss * Eleftherios Matthaios as The Bear * Nota Tserniafski as the Wife * Stavros Raptis as the Friend * Thanassis Dimou as the New Driver * Christoforos Skamnakis as the Yachtsman * Pavlos Makridis as the Son * Natalia Tserniafski as the Daughter * Alexis Kanakis as Motorbiker * Antonis Iliakis as Meteor ==Production== ===Filming=== Filming took place during March and April 2011 in outdoor locations in Attica, Greece and additional filming took place at the end of July 2011. Filming was concluded within 27 days. ===Technical information=== The movie was filmed in 35mm with an Arriflex BL camera, is 87 minutes long, in colour, sound Dolby SRD, language Greek with English subtitles, 1:85:1 format, edited in Avid. ===Production credentials=== * Directed, by Babis Makridis * Script, Efthymis Filippou Babis Makridis, based on an original idea by Yorgos Giokas about a man who lives in his car * Location Manager, Dimitris Chalkiadakis * Line Producer, Yorgos Papadimitriou * Sets, Dafni Kalogianni * Costumes, Dimitris Papathomas * Sound, Stefanos Efthimiou * Mixing/Sound Design, Costas Fylaktidis * Music, Coti K * Editor, Yannis Chalkiadakis * Director of Photography, Thimios Bakatakis * Executive Producer, Peter Carlton, Christos V. Konstantakopoulos * Production, Beben Films (Amanda Livanou, Babis Makridis) * Co Production, NOVA, Feelgood Entertainment, Faliro House Productions, Top Cut, Modiano S.A., Dennis Iliadis, Efthymis Filippou, Yannis Chalkiadakis, Thimios Bakatakis, Yorgos Papadimitriou, Dimitris Papathomas, in association with Warp Films and the support of the Greek Film Center. ==Release and distribution== The movie was released in Greek movie theaters in February 2012 by Feelgood Entertainment movie distribution company. ==Festivals == *Sundance Film Festival 2012 . Official selection world drama competition. *Rotterdam Film Festival 2012 . IFFR's Tiger Awards Competition. *Copenhagen Film Festival 2012. Official competition for New talent grand pix *Indielisboa 2012. Official Competition. *Seattle International Film Festival 2012. New Directors Competition. *Melbourne International Film Festival 2012. Competition Telescope Section. *Mumbai Film Festival 2012. International Competition. *42 Molodist. Kyiv Film Festival 2012. International Competition. WINNER THE GRAND PRIX OF MOLODIST *Arizona Underground Film Festival 2012. International Competition. *Festival International du Film Indépendant de Bordeaux 2012. International Competition. *36o São Paulo International Film Festival. New Directors Competition. *Shadowline Salerno 2012. Official Competition. *Sydney Film Festival 2012. Section Push Me to the Edge *D' A Festival Internacional de cinema d'author de Barcelona 2012. *Istanbul Film festival 2012. At a special section called " What's happening in Greece?" *Karlovy Vary 2012. Section Another View. *Stockholm Film Festival 2012. Section Twilight Zone . *19th Greek Film Festival 2012 (Melbourne). *Eurasia Film Festival 2012. Section Cinema bridge: East *23 Ljubljana Film Festival 2012. Section Panorama *Sevilla Festival de Cine Europeo. 2012. Section: Focus Europa : Greece. *27º Festival international de cine de mar del plata FESTIVAL INTERNACIONAL DE CINE DE MAR DEL PLATA *18ο Vilnius International Film Festival Lithuania Programm Discoveries ==Words about L== *FILM DE CULTE *FLIX *FLIX GR *CUEDOTCOMFESSIONS *THE LIMERICK REVIEW *QUIET EARTH *ALTERNATIVE CHRONICLE *SUNDANCE FILM FESTIVAL *SBS.COM.AUSTRALIA *HOLLYWOOD REPORTER ==External links== * The official movie blog * * L official facebook page * L official site Category:2012 films Category:2012 comedy-drama films Category:Greek comedy-drama films Category:2010s Greek-language films
+thumb|right|1st (Norwegian) edition L is a novel written by the Norwegian writer Erlend Loe. It is about a group of young men who go on an expedition to the small island Manuae in the Pacific Ocean. It was published in 1999, and was a big success.Nora Pröfrock “Stop making sense.“ - Erlend Loes Romane „Naiv.Super.” (1996) und ... 3638636402 2007 Einleitung Der Autor Erlend Loe (*1969) aus Trondheim gilt als einer der auffälligsten und erfolgreichsten ... (1996) und L (1999), von denen bis zum Jahre 2001 zusammen annähernd 200.000 Exemplare verkauft wurden ==Plot== The main theme in the story is an expedition to prove main character Erlend's theory about Pacific islands. He believes that their inhabitants came from South America on skates. This is, of course, an impossible theory, but the story is kept alive with Loe's personal, at times naïve, style. The book is divided into two parts. The first part is about how Erlend, inspired by Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki, came up with the theory, and the planning of the expedition. The second part is about the expedition itself, which takes place on Manuae in the Cook Islands. The seven boys in the expedition, including fictionalized versions of Loe and artist Kim Hiorthøy, all feel that they have not contributed to "build Norway", so this trip is like their way of saying "sorry", and placing Norway on the map once and for all. Erlend strongly believes that his theory is correct and that they will be praised as heroes when they return. In the end of the book the boys feel like this wasn't enough to place Norway on the map, so they start another experiment, where they try out the different ways of governing a country. For example, they try out apartheid and communism. They spend the last days on the island sitting around and waiting for the boat to pick them up. When they come home there is no marching band waiting at the airport, and realise that it will take more to get Norway "out there". ==References== Category:1999 Norwegian novels Category:20th-century Norwegian novels Category:Books by Erlend Loe Category:Novels set in Oceania
+L 168-9 (also known as GJ 4332 or TOI-134) is a red dwarf star located away from the Solar System in the constellation of Tucana. The star has about 62% the mass and 60% the radius of the Sun. It has a temperature of and a rotation period of 29.8 days. L 168-9 is orbited by one known exoplanet. ==Nomenclature== The designation L 168-9 comes from Luyten's first catalogue of stars with high proper motion. In August 2022, this planetary system was included among 20 systems to be named by the third NameExoWorlds project. The approved names, proposed by a team from China, were announced in June 2023. L 168-9 is named Danfeng and its planet is named Qingluan, after mythological birds of ancient China. == Planetary system == The exoplanet L 168-9 b was discovered in 2020 using TESS. It is a terrestrial super-Earth with about 4.6 times the mass and 1.39 times the radius of Earth, and an estimated equilibrium temperature of . L 168-9 b is a target for observation and atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope, and has been observed as one of its first targets. == References == Category:Tucana (constellation) Category:M-type main-sequence stars Category:Planetary systems with one confirmed planet CD-60 08051 4332 115211 0134 Danfeng
+L 6 () is a sailboat class designed by A. Kiselev and built in about 110 copies, sailed in the Baltic and Black Sea. ==References== Category:1950s sailboat type designs Category:Sailboat type designs by Soviet designers Category:Keelboats
+L 97-12 (or WD 0752-676, or LHS 34, or Gliese 293) is a nearby degenerate star (white dwarf), located in the constellation Volans, the single known component of the system. ==Distance== Possibly, L 97-12 is the ninth-closest white dwarf after Sirius B, Procyon B, van Maanen's star, Gliese 440, 40 Eridani B, Stein 2051 B, GJ 1221 and Gliese 223.2. (However, there is probability, that white dwarfs GJ 1087, Gliese 518 and (with lesser probability) Gliese 915 may be located closer.) Trigonometric parallax of L 97-12 was included in the YPC (Yale Parallax Catalog), and subsequently it was measured more precisely in CTIOPI (Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) Parallax Investigation) 0.9 m telescope program: L 97-12 parallax measurements Source Paper Parallax, mas Distance, pc Distance, ly Ref. YPC van Altena et al., 1995 141.2 ± 8.4 7.08 ± 0.42 23.10 ± 1.37 CTIOPI 0.9 m TSN-21 (Subasavage et al., 2009) 126.25 ± 1.34 7.92 ± 0.08 25.83 ± 0.27 ==Physical parameters== The mass of L 97-12 is 0.59 ± 0.01 Solar masses, and its surface gravity is 108.00 ± 0.02 cm·s−2, or approximately 102,000 of Earth's, corresponding to a radius of , or 139% of Earth's. L 97-12 has temperature 5,700 ± 90 K, almost like the Sun, and cooling age, i.e. age as degenerate star (not including lifetime as main- sequence star and as giant star) 2.65 ± 0.10 Gyr. It has a white appearance due to similar temperature to Sun. ==See also== * List of star systems within 25–30 light-years ==Notes== ==References== Category:Volans Category:White dwarfs 0293 J07530814-6747314
+L 98-59 (TOI-175, TIC 307210830) is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of , as measured by Gaia. Broadband photometry shows that it is an M3 dwarf star with four confirmed terrestrial- sized planets in transit, which were announced in March 2019 by TESS. In August 2021, new evidence was announced for a fifth, potentially habitable planet, labeled L 98-59 f. Though still unconfirmed, this planet is believed to have 2.46 times Earth's mass, and an orbital period of 23.15 days. ==Planetary system== The two innermost planets, b and c, as well as L 98-59 e are possibly hot rocky worlds. L 98-59 c has an uncertain indications of atmosphere as in 2023. L 98-59 d has large amounts of water, potentially as much as 30% of its entire mass, it may therefore have an ocean covering much of its surface. The three inner planets were discovered in 2019. The super- Venus planet L 98-59 e was discovered in 2021, along with potentially habitable (located in the middle of the habitable zone) super-Earth candidate L 98-59 f. In September 2021, suggested tests of the abilities of the Hubble Space Telescope and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope to detect and describe the atmospheric features of the three inner planets were reported. ==Gallery== == See also == * * * == References == == External links == * New ESO observations show rocky exoplanet has just half the mass of Venus (ESO press release) * TESS – Official Website * Smallest exoplanet found so far (video; 1:53; NASA; June 2019) Category:M-type main-sequence stars Category:Planetary systems with four confirmed planets 175 J08180763-6818468 Category:Volans
+L 98-59 b is an exoplanet having a size between that of the Earth and Mars and a mass only half that of Venus. It orbits L 98-59, a red dwarf 35 light-years away in the constellation Volans. There are at least 3 (possibly 4) other planets in the system: L 98-59 c, d, e, and the unconfirmed L 98-59 f. Its discovery was announced on 27 June 2019 on the NASA website. It was the smallest planet discovered by TESS until the discovery of LHS 1678b, and was the lowest-mass planet whose mass has been measured using radial velocities until Proxima Centauri d was found in 2022. == Characteristics == L 98-59 b orbits in 2.25 days and stays so close to the star that it receives 22 times more energy than Earth receives from the Sun. There are 4 confirmed planets in the system but they are not in the habitable zone of the host star. The temperature of the planet detected by TESS is 330 °C. In 2022, transmission spectroscopy has indicated that the planet has either no atmosphere or opaque atmosphere with the high-altitude hazes. == References == Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2019 Category:Exoplanets discovered by TESS Category:Transiting exoplanets
+thumb L Antonio Curet is an archaeologist who is a curator at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian. He was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He received his B.A. and M.A. in Chemistry from the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras. Curet then received his Ph.D. in Archaeology from Arizona State University in 1992 under Barbara L Stark. He started his career in academia as an assistant professor at Gettysburg college from 1993 to 1996. He then moved to the University of Colorado at Denver where he continued teaching as an assistant professor. He stayed from 1996 to 2000. He worked at the Field Museum as a curator from 2000 to 2013. During his time here he also taught as an adjunct professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, and DePaul University. In 2005 he published a book titled Caribbean Paleodemography. In 2009 he edited a book called Tibes: People, Power, and Ritual at the Center of the Cosmos. In 2013 he began working as a curator at the National Museum of the American Indian on the collections from Latin America and the Caribbean. == References == Category:American curators Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
+L Army Corps (L. Armeekorps) was a corps in the German Army during World War II. ==Commanders== * General der Kavallerie (Lieutenant General) Georg Lindemann, 1 October 1940 – 19 January 1942 * General der Kavallerie (Lieutenant General) Philipp Kleffel, 19 January 1942 – 3 March 1942 * General der Infanterie (Lieutenant General) Herbert von Böckmann, 3 March 1942 – 20 July 1942 * General der Kavallerie (Lieutenant General) Philipp Kleffel, 20 July 1942 – 17 September 1943 * General der Infanterie (Lieutenant General) Wilhelm Wegener, 17 September 1943 – 24 September 1944 * Generalleutnant (Major General) Hans Boeckh-Behrens, 24 September 1944 – 24 October 1944 * General der Gebirgstruppe (Lieutenant General) Friedrich-Jobst Volckamer von Kirchensittenbach, 25 October 1944 – 11 April 1945 * Generalleutnant (Major General) Erpo Freiherr von Bodenhausen, 12 April 1945 – 8 May 1945 ==Area of operations== * Germany – October 1940 – April 1941 * Balkans – April 1941 – June 1941 * Eastern Front, northern sector – June 1941 – October 1944 * Kurland pocket – October 1944 – May 1945 ==See also== * List of German corps in World War II ==External links== * Army,50 Category:Military units and formations established in 1940 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
+Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Technology for Women (LBSITW), Thiruvananthapuram, is the first engineering college for women in the state of Kerala on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. This is the second engineering college managed by the LBS Centre for Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala the other being LBS College of Engineering, Kasargod. LBSITW is the only engineering college for women in the Government sector in the state of Kerala. The center is administered by a governing body and an executive committee. The Honorable Chief Minister is the Chairman of the governing body and the Honorable Minister of Education is the Vice- Chairman. The institution was inaugurated on 30 Oct 2001. Approved by the AICTE and affiliated to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, LBSITW is a Government of Kerala undertaking.http://www.aicte- india.org/downloads/ET/Kerala_ET.pdf Prof. M Abdul Rahiman, a first batch student of LBS College of Engg Kasargod is the Principal of this institute. He is also holding the charge of Director LBS Centre for Science & Technology, parent organisation of this institute. == Location == The college is situated in the heart of Thiruvananthapuram city at Poojapura. ==References== ==External links== * Category:Engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram Category:Women's universities and colleges in Kerala Category:Women's engineering colleges in India Category:2001 establishments in Kerala Category:Educational institutions established in 2001
+The Bayer designations l Carinae and L Carinae are distinct. *for l Carinae, see HD 84810 *for L Carinae, see HD 90264 ==See also== *I Carinae *i Carinae *ι Carinae Carinae, l Category:Carina (constellation)

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+0 + 2 = 1 is the fifth full-length album by Canadian punk band Nomeansno. Released in 1991, it was the fourth and final studio album to feature Nomeansno's longtime guitarist Andy Kerr. The proper follow-up to their most popular album, Wrong, the record was somewhat polarizing but generally well received by critics. ==Background and recording== By 1991, the members of Nomeansno had quit their day jobs and focused on their band, which was developing an increasingly large audience in Europe and North America. They had finished supporting their most widely acclaimed record, Wrong,Popoff, Martin: "The Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal", page 316. CG Publishing, 1997. the promotional tour for which yielded the live album Live + Cuddly. They recorded The Sky Is Falling and I Want My Mommy collaboratively with former Dead Kennedys vocalist Jello Biafra earlier in the year before beginning work on the proper follow-up to Wrong. In July, the band returned to Profile Sound Studios to record with Cecil English. They tracked 19 songs during the sessions, 11 of which appeared on the final record. The songs included a mix of hardcore punk, progressive rock, and experimentation, as well as "straightforward swinging grooves" as in the opening song "Now." All eight of the outtakes were eventually released. Two tracks, covers of The Subhumans's "Oh Canaduh" and D.O.A.'s "New Age," were issued as a 7-inch record on Allied Recordings later that year. Another, a cover of the track "Forward to Death," was included on the Dead Kennedys tribute album Virus 100. The remaining five outtakes were packaged with four demos and released as the compilation in 2010. Each of these five outtakes appeared on subsequent Nomeansno releases: "Cats, Sex, and Nazis" and "I Need You" on Why Do They Call Me Mr. Happy? (1993), "Blinding Light" on Mr. Right & Mr. Wrong: One Down & Two to Go (1994), and "Lost" on The Worldhood of the World (As Such) (1995). ==Release== The album was issued on CD, LP, and cassette by Alternative Tentacles in 1991. To support it, the band toured extensively in North America and Europe. Guitarist Andy Kerr left the band after the tour to emigrate to the Netherlands, and the band returned to its original two-piece formation of brothers Rob and John Wright. Nomeansno bought the rights to their back catalogue from Alternative Tentacles in 2002, and reissued 0 + 2 = 1 on CD and double LP in 2007. ==Reception== The album was received fairly well by critics. Writing for Ox-Fanzine, Joachim Hiller argued that the record helped to solidify the band's "godlike status" through "complex rhythms, harrowing chants, and unorthodox guitar work." In a retrospective review, AllMusic critic Adam Bregman assessed the album as "among their most far-out records" and worried that "[t]he songs here are incredibly long and somewhat repetitive." Nonetheless, Bregman concluded that the album "has a lot of great moments stretched out over a record that's way too long" and awarded it three out of five stars. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== ===Nomeansno=== *Andy Kerr (" ") – guitar, bass, vocals *John Wright (Mr. Right) – vocals, drums, keyboards, percussion, engineering, horns (track 2) *Rob Wright (Mr. Wrong) – vocals, bass, guitar ===Additional musicians=== *Mark Critchley – horns (track 2) *Lissa Beurge – backup vocals (track 6) ===Production and artwork=== *David Bruce – artwork *Brian (Who) Else – engineering *Cecil English – producer, engineering *George Horn – mastering ==References== Category:1991 albums Category:Nomeansno albums Category:Alternative Tentacles albums
+0 + 2 = 1 is a compilation album by Vancouver punk band Nomeansno. Recorded in 1991 and released as a digital album in 2010, it includes five outtakes and four demo tracks recorded for 0 + 2 = 1, Nomeansno's fifth full-length record and final album to feature Nomeansno's longtime guitarist Andy Kerr. ==Background and release== In July 1991, Nomeansno returned to Profile Sound Studios to record their follow-up to the album Wrong with producer Cecil English. They recorded 19 songs during the sessions, of which 11 appeared on the final record, 0 + 2 = 1 on Alternative Tentacles, two on the "Oh Canaduh" 7-inch EP on Allied Recordings, and one on the Dead Kennedys tribute album Virus 100. The remaining five outtakes were ultimately re-recorded for subsequent Nomeansno albums, but went unreleased in these earlier forms for 19 years. Andy Kerr, who departed the band after the touring in support of the album's release, later rediscovered the outtakes and demo versions of unused songs from the era. Ultimately, the band released these as 0 + 2 = 1 , a digitally released compilation through their own Wrong Records imprint. The album was initially issued as a free download. ==Track listing== All songs written by Nomeansno. #"Cats, Sex and Nazis" – 8:04 #"I Need You" – 7:31 #"Lost" – 6:16 #"Blinding Light" – 2:53 #"This Wound Will Never Heal" – 6:59 #"John Instrumental" (Demo) – 3:49 #"Victim's Choice" / "Happy Bridge" / "Intro Ghosts" (Demo) – 6:54 #"Now It's Dark" (Demo) – 5:06 #"Cats, Sex and Nazis" (Demo) – 8:32 ==Personnel== Nomeansno * Andy Kerr – guitar, bass, vocals * John Wright (Mr. Right) – vocals, drums, keyboards, percussion, engineering * Rob Wright (Mr. Wrong) – vocals, bass, guitar Production and design * David Bruce – artwork * Brian (Who) Else – engineering * Cecil English – producer, engineering ==References== ==External links== *0 + 2 = 1 on Discogs.com Category:2010 compilation albums Category:Nomeansno albums
+0 A.D. is a free and open-source real-time strategy video game under development by Wildfire Games. It is a historical war and economy game focusing on the years between 500 BC and 1 BC, with the years between 1 AD and 500 AD planned to be developed in the future. The game is cross-platform, playable on Windows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD. It is composed entirely of free software and free media, using the GNU GPLv2 (or later) license for the game engine source code, and the CC BY-SA license for the game art and music. ==Gameplay== thumb|right|The Cycladic Archipelago island map (2012) 0 A.D. features the traditional real-time strategy gameplay components of building a base, developing an economy, training an army, engaging in combat, and researching new technologies. The game includes multiple units and buildings specific to each civilization as well as both land and naval units. During the game, the player advances from "village phase", to "town phase", to "city phase". The phases represent the sizes of settlements in history, and every phase unlocks new units, buildings, and technologies. Multiplayer functionality is implemented using peer-to-peer networking, without a central server. ==Development== 0 A.D. originally began in 2001 as a comprehensive total conversion mod concept for Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings. The development team later decided that making the project as a mod was too limiting to their creative freedom, and elected to move their art and ideas to an in-house engine, making it a standalone game. The historical accuracy of the game elements has been the highest development priority. Unit and building names are shown in the original language of the civilization they belong to, and they are also translated into the language in which the user is playing the game. There is also a strong focus on attempting to provide high visual accuracy of unit armor, weapons, and buildings. On 10 July 2009, Wildfire Games released the source code for 0 A.D. under the GNU GPLv2 (or later) license, and made the artwork available under the CC BY-SA license. There were around ten to fifteen people working on 0 A.D. around 23 March 2010; but since development started, over 100 people have contributed to the project. On 5 September 2013, an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign was started with a goal. They raised a total of to be used to hire a programmer. The majority of the project's finances are managed by the Software in the Public Interest organization. There is no official release date set for the finished version of the game. The composers of the music in the game are Omri Lahav, Jeff Willet, Mike Skalandunas, and Shlomi Nogay. A 26-track soundtrack was released on 8 June 2018. ==Reception== In 2012, 0 A.D. received second place in the IndieDB Player's Choice Upcoming Indie Game of the Year competition. 0 A.D. has been generally well received. It was voted as LinuxQuestions.org "Open Source Game of the Year for 2013". Between 2010 and June 2021, the game was downloaded from SourceForge.net over 1.3 million times. ==See also== * Free and open source software * Linux gaming * List of free and open-source software packages * List of open source games * Year zero ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * * 0 A.D. Alpha 25 Trailer Category:Creative Commons-licensed video games Category:Crowdfunded video games Category:Free software that uses SDL Category:Indie games Category:Indiegogo projects Category:Linux games Category:MacOS games Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games Category:Multiplayer online games Category:Open-source video games Category:Strategy video games Category:Real-time strategy video games Category:Software that uses wxWidgets Category:Upcoming video games Category:Video games set in ancient Egypt Category:Video games set in ancient Greece Category:Video games set in ancient Rome Category:Video games set in antiquity Category:Video games set in India Category:Video games set in Iran Category:Windows games
+0 Avenue (Zero Avenue) is a road in the Lower Mainland, British Columbia straddling the Canada–United States border, stretching from Surrey to Abbotsford. The road runs parallel to the physical border between the two countries. The road begins near the Peace Arch Border Crossing, and continues eastward for , with gaps around the Pacific Highway and Lynden–Aldergrove Border Crossings. Boundary Road on the US side runs for 1.5 miles along 0 Avenue and again one mile to the west, with many cameras watching the border, before the U.S. road ends at the Lynden–Aldergrove Border Crossing. 0 Avenue continues west along the northern border of Peace Arch Historical State Park to Peace Arch Crossing. Small pedestrian bridges cross a trench on the border. At the eastern end of 0 Avenue, the road turns north. The road is a haven for smugglers, even though the border controls have tightened up since the September 11 attacks. The first known drug tunnel along the Canada–United States border was found east of the Lynden–Aldergrove crossing in 2005. Some asylum seekers have also tried to move to Canada from the U.S. via 0 Avenue. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on cross-border travel made 0 Avenue a meeting place for several cross-border couples. Once restrictions were lifted, some of these couples married at Peace Arch Park, a transnational park between Blaine and Surrey. == Major intersections == ==References== ==External links== * Category:Canada–United States border Category:Transport in Abbotsford, British Columbia Category:Transport in Langley, British Columbia (district municipality) Category:Transport in Surrey, British Columbia
+0 Day Attack on Earth is an multidirectional shooter developed by Japanese studio Gulti and published by Square Enix for the Xbox 360. The game was released on December 23, 2009, and revolves around players defending Paris, New York, and Tokyo from an alien assault. ==Gameplay== The game is a twin- stick shooter, where the movement is done with the left stick and shooting with the right. There is a main goal in each level, which is to take down a certain number of boss aliens before a timer goes down to zero. However, the skies are also filled with smaller ships, and there are pods and snakes that burst from the ground. Aiding the fight against the enemies are power-ups like spray gun and flame throwers, as well as special abilities like nitro boost that helps moving the ship out of any harm. 0 Day Attack on Earth consists of 28 levels that are split in groups of seven that take place in four cities. Each city is accurately depicted through satellite imagery, containing landmarks like Champs-Élysées, Tokyo Tower, and Arc de Triomphe. One of the features included is co-op play for up to four players (when playing offline, AI-controlled ships will support the player instead). Besides co-op, there are Capture the Flag and Capture Point multiplayer modes. ==Downloadable content== On January 13, 2010, the London Map Pack was released. It contains new London- based maps, new enemies and a higher difficulty setting. New maps can be played in the co-op mode but not in the Capture The Flag or Control Point modes. On February 3, 2010, it was followed up by the Night Missions Map Pack, where the New York, Tokyo and Paris maps are revisited, and the enemy only comes out after sunset, while also being stronger and more difficult to defeat. ==Reception== Upon its release, 0 Day Attack on Earth was met with "generally unfavorable" reviews from critics, with an aggregate score of 41% on Metacritic. ==References== ==External links== *Official website Category:2009 video games Category:Action games Category:Alien invasions in video games Category:Cooperative video games Category:Twin-stick shooters Category:Square Enix games Category:Video games about extraterrestrial life Category:Video games developed in Japan Category:Video games set in London Category:Video games set in New York City Category:Video games set in Paris Category:Video games set in Tokyo Category:Xbox 360 games Category:Xbox 360-only games Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games
+The trains were the first generation Shinkansen trainsets built to run on Japan's Tōkaidō Shinkansen high-speed line which opened in 1964. The last remaining trainsets were withdrawn in 2008. ==History== The 0 series (which were not originally classified, as there was no need to distinguish classes of trainset until later) entered service with the start of Tōkaidō Shinkansen operations in October 1964. These units were white with a blue stripe along the windows and another at the bottom of the car body, including the front pilot. Unlike previous Japanese trains (except for some trains running on standard gauge sections on the Ou Main Line and Tohoku Main Line) the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and all subsequent Shinkansen lines are between the rails. The trains were powered by 25 kV AC electricity at 60 Hz with all axles of all cars powered by traction motors, giving a operation top speed. The original trains were introduced as 12-car sets, with some sets later lengthened to 16 cars. Later, shorter trains of six cars and even four cars were assembled for lesser duties. Production of 0 series units continued from 1963 until 1986. Shinkansen sets are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years. The final remaining 0 series sets were six-car sets used on JR-West Kodama services on the San'yō Shinkansen between and , and on the Hakata-Minami Line until their retirement on 30 November 2008. Following retirement from regular service, JR- West ran a number of special commemorative Hikari runs in December 2008. Hikari 347, powered by set R61, arrived at Hakata Station at 6:01 pm on 14 December 2008, bringing to an end the 44 years of service of the 0 series trains. ==Set formations== ===Original 12-car H/K/N/R/S sets=== thumb|Interior of a 1st class car in May 1967 thumb|Analog speed display in the passenger compartment The initial shinkansen fleet delivered for use on Hikari and Kodama services on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen from 1 October 1964 consisted of 30 12-car sets formed of 1st- and 2nd-batch cars. Six sets, H1 to H6, were built by Hitachi between April and August 1964, six sets, K1 to K6, were built by Kisha between July and September 1964, six sets, N1 to N6, were built by Nippon Sharyo between March and September 1964, six sets, R1 to R6, were built by Kawasaki Sharyo between July and September 1964, and six sets, S1 to S6, were built by Kinki Sharyo between April and August 1964.Electric Trains for the New Tokaido Line Railway Gazette 5 February 1965 pages100-104 These sets were allocated to Tokyo and Osaka depots. A further 10 12-car sets (H7/8, K7/8, N7/8, R7/8, S7/8) were delivered between April and July 1965, formed of 120 3rd-batch cars, five 4th-batch sets were delivered between June and July 1966, and five 5th-batch sets were delivered between October and November 1966. The original 12-car sets were formed as follows, with two first-class cars (type 15 and 16) and two buffet cars (type 35). Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Designation Mc M' M M' MB M' MS M'S MB M' M M'c Numbering 21 26 25 26-200 35 26-200 15 16 35 26 25 22 ===12-car H/K/N/R/S/T Kodama sets=== A further 21 6th- to 9th-batch 12-car sets were delivered between 1967 and 1969 with only one first-class car (type 16) for use on Kodama services. The "T" sets were built by Tokyu Car Corporation. These sets were formed as follows. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Designation Mc M' M M' MB M' M M'S MB M' M M'c Numbering 21 26-100 25-100 26-300 35-100 26-300 25-300 16 35-100 26-100 25-100 22 ===16-car H/K/N/R/S Hikari sets=== The original 30 12-car sets were lengthened to 16 cars between December 1969 and February 1970 with the inclusion of new 10th-batch cars for Hikari services to handle the increased number of passengers travelling to and from Expo '70 in Osaka in 1970. From the opening of the San'yō Shinkansen in 1972, these sets were renumbered H1 to H30. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Designation Mc M' M M' MB M' M M' MS M'S MB M' M M' M M'c Numbering 21 26 25 26-200 35 26-200 25-700 26-700 15 16 35 26 25-500 26-700 25 22 ===16-car K Kodama sets=== thumb|The bulging nose of a 0 series train at Tokyo Station in July 1982 Between 1972 and 1973, the earlier 12-car Kodama sets were lengthened to 16 cars with the inclusion of new 13th- and 15th-batch cars, and were renumbered K1 to K47. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Designation Mc M' M M' MK M' M M' M M' M M'S MB M' M M'c Numbering 21 26 25 26-300 25-400 26-200 25-200 26-800 25-500 26-800 25-700 16 35 26 25 22 ===16-car H Hikari restaurant car sets=== With the opening of the Sanyo Shinkansen extension to Hakata, the fleet of 16-car H Hikari sets was reformed and increased between 1973 and 1974 with the inclusion of new 16th- and 17th-batch cars, including new restaurant cars (type 36) in addition to the buffet car (type 35). The fleet as of 10 March 1975 consisted of 64 sets, numbered H1 to H64. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Designation Mc M' M M' M M' M M'D MB M' MS M'S M M' M M'c Numbering 21 26 25 26-200 25-700 26-700 27 36 35 26-200 15 16 25-500 26 25 22 ===16-car NH Hikari sets=== thumb|A 16-car NH Hikari set in May 1989 Between 1977 and 1980, 35 new 16-car NH sets were formed of −1000 subseries cars (batches 22 to 29) for Hikari services on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and San'yō Shinkansen lines. The introduction of 100 series and later 300 series trains reduced the number of 0 series trains used on Hikari services, with 0 series Hikari services operated by JR Central ending in 1995. A small fleet was subsequently maintained by JR-West for use on additional holiday period Hikari services, with the last remaining unit, NH32, being disbanded in December 1999. The NH sets had two Green (first class) cars and a restaurant car in addition to a buffet car, although use of the restaurant cars was discontinued from the mid-1990s. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Designation Mc M' M M' M M' MA M'D MB M' MS M'S M M' M M'c Numbering 21-1000 26-1000 25-1000 26-1200 25-700 26-700 27 36 35-1000 26-1200 15-1000 16-1000 25-500 26-1000 25-1000 22-1000 File:Shinkansen 15-1019 01.jpg|Interior of Green car 15-1019 of set NH15 in 1982 File:Shinkansen 25-526 01.jpg|Interior of standard class car 25-526 of set NH15 in 1982 File:0 series NH restaurant car 19920817.jpg|Interior view of an NH set restaurant car in 1992 ===16-car YK sets=== thumb|right|16-car set YK8 on Tokaido Shinkansen Kodama service with "Arigatō 0 Series" sticker on final day of services, 19 September 1999 The 16-car YK sets were operated by JR Central on the all-stations Kodama services. These sets had upgraded reserved seat cars with 2+2 seating employing 100 series style seats, but only one Green car per 16-car set. Standard seating was 3+2 in standard class, and 2+2 in Green cars. The fleet was operated by JR Central on the Tokaido Shinkansen until the last units were withdrawn on 18 September 1999. In the last two months of service, they ran with "Arigatō 0 Series" stickers on the front ends. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Designation Mc M' M M' MB M' M M'S M M' M M' M M' M M'c Numbering 21 26 25 26 37 26 25 16 25 26 25 26 25 26 25 22 ====Interior==== File:0-yk-green.jpg|Interior of a Green car on a YK set in September 1999 ===12-car SK sets=== thumb|Set SK5 on a West Hikari service in March 1997 thumb|left|"West" logo on an SK set in March 1997 These 12-car SK sets based at Hakata Depot were operated by JR-West on Sanyo Shinkansen West Hikari services between Shin-Osaka and Hakata. Sets were formed of upgraded 5000 and 7000 subseries vehicles with improved seating, and buffet cars were refurbished with a special seating area. All standard class cars had upgraded 2+2 seating. The sets were recognizable externally by the addition of an extra thin blue line below the windows (similar to 100 series) and by the large "West" decals near the doors. Some sets originally included specially converted cinema cars, but these were withdrawn in 1996. Following the end of the West Hikari services on 21 April 2000, the remaining SK units were reformed into new 6-car R60 sets to replace unrefurbished sets on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama services. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Designation Mc M' M M' MB M' M M'S M M' M M'c Numbering 21 26 25 26 37 26 25 16 25 26 25 22 ===4-car Q sets=== thumb|right|Set Q4 at Hakata on a Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama service in July 1998 4-car Q sets were formed from March 1997 for use on Kodama shuttle services running between Hakata and /, and also for use on some Hakata-Minami Line duties. These sets had no Green car. The last remaining unit was withdrawn in September 2001. Set Q3 remained as a static training set at Shin-Shimonoseki Station until 2009, when it was replaced by 100 Series set P2. Car No. 1 2 3 4 Designation Mc M' M M'c Numbering 21 26 25 22 ===6-car R sets=== thumb|right|Set R61 in new JR-West "Kodama" livery at Higashi- Hiroshima Station on a Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama service in July 2003 thumb|left|"Children's Saloon" logo in March 1997 The 6-car R units with no Green car were first formed in June 1985, and were used on JR-West Kodama services between Shin-Osaka and Hakata. They were also used to operate services on the short Hakata-Minami Line from Hakata Station. The no. 3 cars of sets R2 and R24 were rebuilt as "Children's Saloons" with the former buffet counter area converted into a children's soft play area. These sets ran branded as "Family Hikari" during holiday periods. From March 1997 a refurbishment programme was commenced on the R sets, with new internal trim, rotating seats and new toilets/washing facilities. The refurbished units were recognisable externally by an extra thin blue line below the windows (as with West Hikari SK sets), and new "W" decals near the doors. From April 2000, 6-car "WR" sets were created from former SK unit cars and renumbered in the R60 series. These retained the larger buffet area (disused) and 2+2 seating of the former West Hikari trains, and gradually replaced the remaining unrefurbished R sets. These units initially retained their "West Hikari" branding, but were gradually repainted into the new JR-West "Kodama" livery from May 2002. Initially scheduled to be withdrawn in 2006, the last three remaining sets (R61/R67/R68) remained in service until 30 November 2008. By June 2008 they had been repainted into their original ivory and blue livery with silver roofs. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Designation Mc M' MB M' M M'c Numbering 21 26 37 26 25 22 ====Interior==== File:0 series R61 interior 20030719.JPG|2+2 seating in set R61 in July 2003 File:0 series R62 37-7302 Himeji 20020518.jpg|Interior of former buffet car 37-7302 in set R62 used as a general lounge area in May 2002 ==Preserved examples== A large number of former 0 series vehicles are preserved or stored in museums and various other locations around Japan. Outside Japan, the leading vehicle from a 0 series set is preserved at the National Railway Museum in York, UK. It was donated to the museum by JR-West in 2001.National Railway Museum based article on the acquisition of the donated 0 series Vehicle number Date built Date withdrawn Location Remarks 16-1 March 1964 March 1977 Preserved at the Kyoto Railway Museum, which opened in April 2016. (Formerly displayed at the Modern Transportation Museum in Osaka.) Cars from pre-production "C" set H1. 21-1 22-1 35-1 August 1964 Cars from first production set H2. 21-2 July 1964 The Railway Museum, Saitama From original set H2. Moved from Osaka in August 2008. Exhibited from October 2009.JR East press release: "鉄道博物館における0系新幹線車両の公開について" (8 June 2009). Retrieved on 8 June 2009. . Archived 10 June 2009. 22-2 JR-West Staff Training Centre, Suita, Osaka From original set H2. 21-25 April 1964 March 1978 The Railway Museum, Saitama Cab section only. Originally displayed outside Tokyo Transport Museum. 22-56 August 1967 February 1982 "Wine no Kuni" hotel, Ikeda, Hokkaidō Front third section only. 21-59 March 1968 Shintorimachi Park, Fuji, Shizuoka 21-73 July 1969 October 1984 Shinkansen Park, Settsu, Osaka 22-75 August 1969 March 1985 Ome Railway Park, Ome, Tokyo Repainted for short period into Tohoku ivory/green livery in late 1980s. 22-77 September 1969 March 1990 Satsuki Kindergarten, Fukuoka Used as a staff room and library. 36-84 1975 SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya 21-86 December 1971 November 1991 22-86 JR Central Hamamatsu Works 21-100 September 1973 October 1991 Akishima City Library, Akishima, Tokyo Used as library reading room. 21-141 June 1976 October 2000 The Railway History Park in Saijo, Ehime Prefecture Former set H94, later R52. Front half only. 22-141 National Railway Museum, York, UK A gift from JR-West presented to the NRM in 2001. To date, this unit is the only Shinkansen of any series preserved at a museum outside Japan. 22-1003 November 1976 November 1994 Namikawa Railway Heritage Park, Kameoka, Kyoto Cab section only. 21-2023 January 1985 June 1998 J-TREC factory, Yokohama Cab section only. Preserved at Sakuma Rail Park until November 2009. Moved to Tokyu Car from July 2010. 22-2029 March 1986 September 1999 Nippon Sharyo Factory, Toyokawa, Aichi 16-2034 1986 SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya 37-2523 1983 21-5035 (formerly 21-1032) June 1978 10 March 2004 Tainan HSR station, Tainan, Taiwan Cab from former set R1. Used as structure gauging car during the construction of the Taiwan High Speed Rail until 2008. On display at Tainan HSR station from June, 2021. 22-7007 – December 2008 Suita Yard, Osaka Prefecture Cab from former set R68. On display inside Suita City Kento Library since 11 November 2020. 21-7008 (formerly 21-2026) 1983 December 2008 Kawasaki Heavy Industries factory, Hyogo Prefecture Car of last operational set, R61 21-7038 – – Kawasaki Good Times World, within Kobe Maritime Museum West Hikari livery. Front third section. === Gallery === File:0 series 21-1 Kyoto Railway Museum 20161017.jpg|21-1 at the Kyoto Railway Museum in October 2016 File:JNR shinkansen 0kei 21-59.jpg|21-59 in Shintorimachi Park in Fuji, Shizuoka, in July 2013 File:新幹線公園ＳＥＣ.jpg|21-73 at Shinkansen Park in Settsu, Osaka, in May 2006 File:0 Series Shinkansen SCMaglev and Railway Park001.jpg|21-86 at SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya, in April 2013 File:0key22-86.JPG|22–86 at Hamamatsu Works in July 2006 File:JRshikoku tetsudo hobby train kiha32 3 0series 21-141.jpg|21-141 (left) at the Railway History Park in Saijo in December 2014 File:089-SFEC-YORK-20070827.JPG|22–141 on display at the National Railway Museum in York, UK, in August 2007 File:21-2023 J-TREC Yokohama 20131125.JPG|21-2023 preserved at the J-TREC factory in Yokohama in November 2013 File:TSHR Structure Gauge Test Car 01.jpg|21-5035 used as structure gauging car in Taiwan in August 2008 File:Shinkansen Series 0 car 21-7038.jpg|21-7038 at Kawasaki Good Times World in Kobe in July 2006 ==See also== *List of high-speed trains ==References== * * ==External links== Category:Central Japan Railway Company Category:West Japan Railway Company Category:Hitachi multiple units Category:Shinkansen train series Category:Nippon Sharyo multiple units Category:Kawasaki multiple units Category:Kinki Sharyo multiple units Category:Tokyu Car multiple units Category:25 kV AC multiple units Category:Train-related introductions in 1964 Category:Passenger trains running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations Category:Rolling stock innovations Category:Kisha Seizo multiple units
+#0 por Movistar Plus+ (read as Cero, Spanish for Zero) is a Spanish commercial television channel, launched on 1 February 2016 to replace Canal+. The channel is operated by Telefónica and is available on the digital satellite television and IPTV platform Movistar Plus+. == Programmes == ==References== ==External links== * Category:Television stations in Spain Category:Television stations in the Community of Madrid Category:Mass media in Madrid Category:Companies based in the Community of Madrid Category:Television channels and stations established in 2016 Category:2016 establishments in Spain
+0 to 1 no Aida (0と1の間; Hepburn: Zero to Ichi no Aida, Between 0 and 1) is the seventh studio album from Japanese idol girl group AKB48, released on . This album marks the tenth anniversary of the group, and contains a compilation of their top singles as well as an assortment of bonus tracks. This is the last album to feature long-time member and former AKB48 general director Minami Takahashi. == Overview == The seventh AKB48 album was announced in September 2015, during an event, and will be a special compilation to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Japanese idol group and the departure, or "graduation" of long-time member and former AKB48 general director Minami Takahashi. The album was released in three versions: * No. 1 Singles and Million Singles are two-CD editions which compile all of the groups' singles that have reached the #1 position on the Oricon charts plus three new tracks and all singles which have sold more than a million copies plus six new tracks respectively. * Complete Singles is a three-CD bundle which includes every single released up to date (both indie singles "Sakura no Hanabiratachi" and "Skirt, Hirari" are presented in newly remixed versions) plus three new tracks and a bonus DVD. * The Theater Edition features the same track list as Million Singles with the exception of the last three tracks, which are replaced by two new songs by sub-units Tentoumu Chu! and Dendenmu Chu!. ==Track listing== All tracks written by Yasushi Akimoto. ===No. 1 Singles=== ===Million Singles=== ===Complete Singles=== ===Theater Edition=== == Release history == Region Date Format Label Japan November 18, 2015 King Records (YOU BE COOL division) Hong Kong, Taiwan King Records ==Chart== Chart Peak Position Japan (Oricon) 1 ==References== Category:AKB48 albums Category:2015 compilation albums Category:2015 greatest hits albums
+0 to 100 may refer to: * 0 to 100 / The Catch Up, 2014 single by Drake * 0 to 100 km/h, a measure of acceleration (or, less commonly, 0 to 100 mph) * The act of losing one's temper (slang)
+"0 to 100 / The Catch Up" is a song recorded by Canadian rapper Drake. It was released on July 15, 2014, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, and Republic Records. The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on January 30, 2015, for selling over 1 million digital copies in the United States. ==Composition== "0 to 100 / The Catch Up" is a two part song with a length of six minutes and eight seconds. The first song, "0 to 100", is a stripped-back hip hop song that sonically and thematically resembles Drake's "Started from the Bottom" from his third studio album, Nothing Was the Same (2013). Instead of "starting from the bottom", "0 to 100" speaks of the rapper going from zero to one-hundred in order to gain ground on all of his competition. The second half of the song, titled "The Catch Up", features a sample of an unreleased James Blake song, and contrasts the boisterous claims of the first half with a pensive promise: that "if [Drake] hasn't passed you yet, watch [him] catch up now." ==Critical reception== The song received critical acclaim from music critics, appearing on several year-end top 10 lists. In July 2014, Billboard listed "0 to 100" as one of the "10 Best Songs of 2014 (so far)" saying that "months after releasing another hit album, Drizzy returned briefly to take it from '0 to 100' with careening bars punctuated by boasts like 'If I ain't the greatest, then I'm headed for it'." The magazine also listed the track as the best rap song of 2014. Rolling Stone listed the song as one of the "50 Best Songs of 2014", stating that it is "six minutes that pan across the whole Drake saga". HipHopDX named the song as one of the "Top 10 Singles of 2014". The song was nominated for Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. ==Usage in media== The song was used in a Sprite commercial starring Drake and Nas. The commercial was supposed to promote a limited-edition line of Sprite cans with hip-hop lyrics printed on them called "Obey Your Verse". The Sprite line featured the "Know yourself, know your worth" lyric from this song. The lyric "She gon' be upset if she keep scrollin' to the left, dawg / She gon' see some shit that she don't wanna see" is referenced in Letterkenny 1x06 "A Fuss in the Back Bush". The song is also featured in the NBA 2K16 basketball videogame soundtrack and is usually played during Golden State Warriors pre-match cutscenes as Warriors player Stephen Curry is mentioned in the song. ==Remixes== The instrumental became very popular among hip-hop artists, with several rappers such as the late XXXTentacion, Cassidy, Fat Trel, Remy Ma, David Stones, Montana of 300, G-Eazy, G-Unit (50 Cent, Lloyd Banks, Tony Yayo, Young Buck and Kidd Kidd), Gudda Gudda, Jin, Joell Ortiz, Lil Durk, Meek Mill, Ace Hood, Kurt Rock, Juice Box Boys, Papoose, Problem, Rich Homie Quan, Soulja Boy, Stiz Grimey, YFN Lucci, Uncle Murda, Vado, Waka Flocka Flame, Lil Mouse, Wiz Khalifa, Alpha Wann, Ernia and Stormzy recording their own versions of the song.Skinny Friedman, "0-100 Freestyles, Reviewed", Noisey Music by VICE, July 2, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014. The instrumental was used at the 2014 BET Hip Hop Awards for an on-stage cypher featuring various artists. == Personnel == Adapted from TIDAL and comments to HNHH. * Drake – vocals, songwriting * Boi-1da – production * Noel Cadastre – recording, additional drum programming "0 to 100" * Boi-1da – production, songwriting * Vinylz – songwriting * Frank Dukes – songwriting, sample producer * Chester Hansen – bass (uncredited; songwriter on sample) "The Catch Up" * Nineteen85 – co-production * 40 – co-production * James Blake – songwriting, sample producer (uncredited) == Charts == === Weekly charts === Chart (2014) Peak position Australia Urban (ARIA) 27 Germany (Deutsche Black Charts) 2 ===Year- end charts=== Chart (2014) Position US Billboard Hot 100 97 US Hot R&B;/Hip- Hop Songs (Billboard) 29 US Rhythmic (Billboard) 37 ==Certifications== ==Release history== Region Date Format Label Ref. United States July 15, 2014 Digital download August 5, 2014 Rhythmic contemporary radio ==References== Category:Drake (musician) songs Category:2014 songs Category:2014 singles Category:Song recordings produced by 40 (record producer) Category:Song recordings produced by Boi-1da Category:Song recordings produced by Vinylz Category:Songs written by Drake (musician) Category:Songs written by Vinylz Category:Songs written by Boi-1da Category:Songs written by 40 (record producer) Category:Songs written by Frank Dukes Category:Songs written by Nineteen85
+The time it takes a vehicle to accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour (0 to 97 km/h or 0 to 27 m/s), often said as just "zero to sixty", is a commonly used performance measure for automotive acceleration in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the rest of the world, 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62.1 mph) is used. Present production model performance cars are capable of going from 0 to 60 mph in under 5 seconds, while some exotic supercars can do 0 to 60 mph in between 2 and 3 seconds. Motorcycles have been able to achieve these figures with sub-500cc since the 1990s. The fastest automobile in 2015 was the Porsche 918 Spyder, which is a hybrid vehicle that takes 2.2 seconds to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph. In June 2021, the Tesla Model S was measured to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 1.98 seconds, not including first foot of rollout. == Methods == Measuring the 0 to 60 mph speed of vehicles is usually done in a closed setting such as a race car track or closed lot used for professional drivers. This is done to reduce risk to the drivers, their teams, and the public. The closed course is set up for test-drives in order to reduce any variables, such as wind, weather, and traction. Each variable can have a dramatic impact on the friction of the track and the drag placed on the vehicle, which will influence the overall 0 to 60 time that is recorded. The crew sets up accurate and precise measuring tools that are attached to computers. These tools included Doppler radar guns and precise timing instruments that are synchronized. This means that the driver is not worried about keeping time or the exact moment the car hits 60 miles per hour. The driver focuses solely on driving straight and fast with professional quick gear shifting. The car is timed and recorded going in two separate and opposite directions. This practice eliminates variables such as wind, directional traction of the track and driver performance. The two times are averaged together to achieve the commonly accepted 0 to 60 time. Jalopnik has said that launch control systems appearing on production exotic cars in the 2010s have made published 0 to 60 times invalid, since these cars have slower times from 5 mph to 60 mph. Some car magazines and manufacturers in the United States use a rolling start allowance term "1-foot rollout", which means that the timer is only started once the car has traveled , reducing the measured time by up to 0.3 seconds. ==See also== *List of fastest production cars by acceleration *List of fastest production motorcycles by acceleration *Vehicular metrics *Motorcycle testing and measurement ==References== Category:Measurement Category:Car performance
+0% financing or zero percent financing, alternatively known as discounted finance, is a widely used marketing tactic for attracting buyers of consumer goods, automobiles, real estate, or credit cards in different parts of the world. == Definition == For the buyer, the scheme is offered as a steal, without any levied interest for a specific period, subject to special terms or conditions. == Mathematics behind 0% finance == The financial mathematics behind the 0% finance scheme is somewhat complex, as the calculation differs with respect to the type of product and the country. These deals are offered by finance companies or banks in conjunction with a manufacturer or dealer network. The schemes offer "zero percent" finance, where a customer pays for the financing cost in an indirect manner. The indirect cost will include paying a processing fee, a significant amount as advance EMIs (equated monthly installments), as well as a minimum cash down payment. Often, the biggest cost may involve forfeiting a cash discount which might otherwise be available on a cash purchase. Suppose a customer opted for 0% finance to buy an electronic device worth $1000, offered on a term of 6 months' EMIs, with a $50 application processing fee and one month's EMI in advance. This sale actually results in a 12.48% effective interest rate for the customer. Several central banks have reacted strongly to zero percent or discounted interest rate schemes and want them stopped, as they feel consumers are misguided by such schemes into believing that bank funding comes for free. As such, schemes serve the purpose of attracting and exploiting vulnerable customers. Many agreements charge interest on the full price- backdated to the original purchase date- if the remaining debt is not cleared before the end of the free credit period. It has been suggested that credit providers make payment arrangements intentionally more difficult and exploit consumers' expectation that they will be sufficiently reminded (either by not reminding them or by presenting the reminder in an inconspicuous manner) in order to invoke this clause and generate income. Moreover, it has also been noted that with higher- value purchases such as car deals, the costs for the 0%-financing are compensated by going up with the price of the item. == References == Category:Loans Category:Interest rates
+0+1=1 (I Promise You) is the second extended play by South Korean boy group Wanna One, a project group created through the 2017 Mnet survival show, Produce 101 Season 2, composed of eleven trainees from different entertainment companies that will promote for 18 months under YMC Entertainment. The album was released digitally and physically on March 19, 2018, by YMC Entertainment, Stone Music Entertainment and CJ E&M; Music. ==Background and release== On February 26, Wanna One announced the release date of the special theme track and their second mini-album, titled 0+1=1 (I Promise You). The special theme track, "I Promise You (I.P.U.)" was released on March 5 along with its music video, marking the 333rd day since the group's first public appearance. The title track "Boomerang" was released on March 19 along with the album. "Boomerang" is an electro trap song that talks about one's heart reaching out to a significant other and returning after making a connection. ==Promotion== Wanna One held a comeback show on March 19, which was broadcast live on Mnet. It showcases the group's performances of their new songs as well as behind- the-scenes footage of their music video. ==Commercial performance== On March 5, it was announced that the number of pre-orders for the album has surpassed 700,000 copies, breaking the previous record set by the group. "I Promise You (I.P.U.)" topped six online music charts of six major music sites: Melon, Genie, Bugs, Mnet, Naver and Soribada; and achieved a real-time "all-kill" status on the day of its release. The song also won first place on Show! Music Core and Show Champion without any promotion. ==Track listing== ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2018) Peak position South Korean Albums (Gaon) 1 US World Albums (Billboard) 10 ===Year- end charts=== Chart (2018) Position South Korean Albums (Gaon) 4 ==Certifications== ==References== Category:2018 EPs Category:Korean-language EPs Category:YMC Entertainment EPs Category:Wanna One albums
+In lattice theory, a bounded lattice L is called a 0,1-simple lattice if nonconstant lattice homomorphisms of L preserve the identity of its top and bottom elements. That is, if L is 0,1-simple and ƒ is a function from L to some other lattice that preserves joins and meets and does not map every element of L to a single element of the image, then it must be the case that ƒ−1(ƒ(0)) = {0} and ƒ−1(ƒ(1)) = {1}. For instance, let Ln be a lattice with n atoms a1, a2, ..., an, top and bottom elements 1 and 0, and no other elements. Then for n ≥ 3, Ln is 0,1-simple. However, for n = 2, the function ƒ that maps 0 and a1 to 0 and that maps a2 and 1 to 1 is a homomorphism, showing that L2 is not 0,1-simple. ==External links== * Category:Lattice theory
+thumb|right|Poster thumb|right|Cover of the Catalog The Last Futurist Exhibition of Paintings 0,10 (pronounced "zero-ten") was an exhibition presented by the Dobychina Art Bureau at Marsovo Pole, Petrograd, from 19 December 1915 to 17 January 1916. The exhibition was important in inaugurating a form of non-objective art called Suprematism, introducing a daring visual vernacular composed of geometric forms of varying colour, and in signifying the end of Russia's previous leading art movement, Cubo-Futurism, hence the exhibition's full name. The sort of geometric abstraction relating to Suprematism was distinct in the apparent kinetic motion and angular shapes of its elements. ==Origin of the name== The mysterious number 0,10 refers to a figure of thought: Zero, either because it was expected that after the destruction of the old world, the year zero could begin again, or because the artists exhibiting wanted to find the core of painting, and ten, because ten artists were originally scheduled to participate. In fact, there were fourteen artists who participated in the exhibition. The non-numerical part of the exhibition's name - "Last Exhibition of Futurist Paintings" - was coined by the display's main organiser, Ivan Puni. ==Background== The first all-Futurist exhibition in Russia, "Tramway V", which was organised by Puni, opened in March that year. Vladimir Tatlin was the main focus of the exhibition, and the display was met with hostility that ultimately led to a succés de scandale. The public response to this previous exhibition would eventually lead Puni to bring together one last exhibition, the 0,10 Exhibition. Throughout that year, Kazimir Malevich was busily writing and painting about his new art movement inspired by Cubo-Futurism, Suprematism. ==Event== The exhibition itself opened on 19 December 1915, and closed on 17 January 1916. Malevich now felt ready to officially announce Suprematism, and thus thirty-nine pieces of his work were on display. Because Malevich and Tatlin were, due to an argument, rivals by the time the exhibition began, some of the artists decided to take sides. Thanks to Malevich's room planning which even Puni was unaware of, the artists who supported Malevich became the victors. In total, 155 works were shown. Highlights of the exhibition were Malevich's Black Square, Tatlin's Corner Counter Reliefs, and Olga Rozanova's Metronome. Black Square was seen by some visitors as being especially scandalous, because it was placed in the top corner of the room, a location where Russian Orthodox households place their icons. Corner Counter Reliefs were a series of abstract sculptures. Metronome was one of Rozanova's works during the middle stages in her career; the clock can be interpreted as combining moments with the infinite. Several related publications, for example the catalogue and Malevich's From Cubism to Suprematism, accompanied the exhibition. The poster was designed by Puni. ==Impact and legacy== Though only a single photograph of Malevich's exhibition space survives, the exhibition is credited as introducing a groundbreaking new era in avant-garde art. Malevich and several other artists would go on to paint in the Suprematist style, while Tatlin would become a Constructivist, and later become famous for his eponymous Tower. ==Artists== The following artists eventually exhibited: * Kazimir MalevichHonour, H. and Fleming, J. (2009) A World History of Art. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Publishing, p. 794. * Vladimir Tatlin * Ivan Puni * Liubov Popova * Ivan Kliun * Ksenia Boguslavskaya * Olga Rozanova * Nadezhda Udaltsova * Nathan Altman * Vasily Kamensky * Vera Pestel * Maria Ivanovna Vasilieva * Anna Mikhailovna Kirillova * Mikhail Menkov == See also == *Suprematism *Russian avant-garde *Vkhutemas ==Notes== ==References and sources== ;References ;Sources *Malevich: Journey to Infinity, 2008. Author: Gerry Souter, 255 pages in English language, publisher: Parkstone International, *Farewell to an Idea: Episodes from a History of Modernism, 2001. Author: T.J. Clark, 451 pages, Publisher: Yale University Press, == External links == *Museum of Modern Art, Art Terms; Suprematism. Category:Art exhibitions in Russia Category:Suprematism (art movement)
+0-0-1-3 is an alcohol abuse prevention program developed in 2004 at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base based on research by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism regarding binge drinking in college students. This program was a command-led collaboration between unit leaders, base agencies, and base personnel that utilized a three-tiered approach: (1) identify and assist high risk drinkers; (2) Develop a base culture, supportive of safe and responsible behaviors, including recreational options; and (3) Partnering with the broader community to promote alcohol prevention. == Explanation of the name == right|thumb|A Midshipman is subjected to a random breathalyzer test 0-0-1-3 stands for: *0 underage drinking offenses *0 drinking and driving incidents (DUI's) *1 drink per hour *3 drinks per evening The first two numbers reflect the law. One drink per hour is approximately the amount the body can metabolize. Three drinks per night was selected as a target below the amounts recognized by NIAAA as binge drinking (4 drinks for women, 5 drinks per men). In both national research and at FE Warren rates of injuries, assaults, criminal behavior and other problems increase dramatically with binge drinking. ==Three tier approach== The first tier included screening of all personnel for binge drinking utilizing a measure such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Persons identified as possibly at risk were offered an alcohol screening consultation with the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) program. Consistent with Air Force policy all active duty members who had alcohol-related misconduct incidents were also referred for evaluation. Based on evaluation results individuals were provided educational and motivational enhancement interventions, or if found to have a substance use disorder, entered into a treatment program. The second tier included a primary prevention-level education of all personnel regarding low- risk alcohol use, hazards of binge drinking and illness, a social norming media campaign targeted and pilot-tested for both young adult and older adult groups, development and promotion of alternative recreational options, and use of disciplinary and legal consequences, among other actions. This included development of the name 0-0-1-3 as both a slogan and a guideline for low risk alcohol use. Personnel from the age range at highest risk for binge drinking, 18-25, were involved in development and execution of these actions. thumb|Phase-1 info 0013explain thumb|(BLUE) Puke thumb|(ORANGE) Pregnancy The third tier included partnering with the Wyoming Governor's Council on Impaired Driving and the Advisory Council for the Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Program, as well as local law enforcement, the Chamber of Commerce, and others to promote responsibility and safety regarding alcohol beverage sales, service, and use. ==Initial results== Metrics collected in 2005 showed a "74% decrease in alcohol-related incidents such as driving violations, public drunkenness, domestic violence, sexual assault, thefts, and other infractions. The base also reported 81% fewer cases of underage drinking and 45% fewer drunken-driving arrests." Multiple other military bases adopted elements of the program including a grant-funded trials at five bases. The program served as the model for the Air Force's Culture of Responsible Choices (CoRC) program. A 0-0-1-3 program was also implemented by the senior administration of the United States Naval Academy in response to a string of alcohol-related incidents that generated a large amount of negative publicity during the 2005-2006 school year. Its primary aim there is to "promote responsible alcohol use" within the brigade of midshipmen. Although most health professionals recommend limiting alcohol consumption to 2-4 drinks per day for men, the three drink cap has contributed the most to its massive unpopularity among the brigade, as it is designed to ensure that no midshipman is able to achieve a blood alcohol content (BAC) level above the Maryland legal driving limit of 0.08 (even when not driving or operating machinery). == Enforcement == While the senior leadership at the Naval Academy insists that 0-0-1-3 is only a guideline for responsible alcohol use, its enforcement involves mandatory, random breathalyzer tests for all midshipmen regardless of age or rank. Those found in "violation" of 0-0-1-3 (evidenced by having a BAC above 0.08) are placed on record as having alcohol abuse issues, and repeat offenders are subject to severe administrative infractions, up to and including expulsion. In contrast, neither the U.S. Military Academy (West Point) nor the U.S. Air Force Academy conducts random breathalyzers or punishes students simply for blowing above a particular BAC when not driving a motor vehicle. == See also == * Alcohol advertising on college campuses * Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States == References == == Further reading == * * * * == External links == *Links about 0-0-1-3 on the United States Air Force CoRC resource website (archived versions) Category:Alcohol abuse in the United States Category:United States Naval Academy Category:Alcohol in the United States Category:Alcohol and the military
+0–10 V is one of the first and simplest electronic lighting control signaling systems, used as an early fluorescent dimming system. Simply put, the control signal is a DC voltage that varies between zero and ten volts. Two standards are recognized: current sourcing and current sinking. == Current Sourcing == Typically used in commercial and theatrical dimming, the controller sends volts to the device. The controlled lighting should scale its output so that at 10 V, the controlled light should be at 100% of its potential output, and at 0 V it should at 0% output (i.e., off). Dimming devices may be designed to respond in various patterns to the intermediate voltages, giving output curves that are linear for: voltage output, actual light output, power output, or perceived light output. Receivers have a nominal input impedance of 100±20 kΩ (i.e., maximum 1.0±0.2 mW at 10 V) thumb|0-10V dimmer In production lighting this system was replaced by analog multiplexed systems such as D54 and AMX192, which themselves have been almost completely replaced by DMX512. For dimmable fluorescent lamps (where it operates instead at 1–10 V, where 1 V is minimum and 0 V is off), the system is being replaced by DSI, which itself is in the process of being replaced by DALI. However, 0–10 V control again gained popularity in the 2010's. It is common in LED flat panel fixtures. == Current Sinking == Typically utilized in architectural lighting, a current sinking control scheme uses ballast or driver provided 10 V DC. The controller reduces the returned volts to the light. If the controller returns the full 10 V, the light will be at its brightest level. The light will be at minimum level if no volts are returned. The current sinking scheme creates a fail safe situation. Should a control wire be cut or the controller fail, the lights will illuminate. Commonly, the 10 V control voltage is supplied through a resistor. Control is achieved (and current is sunk) by connecting a variable resistor between the control voltage terminal and ground. The two resistors form a voltage divider to produce a control voltage Vc = Vs * (Rc / (Rc + Rs)) where Vc is the returned control voltage, Vs is the source voltage, Rc is the variable control resistance, and Rs is the source resistance. Vs may be greater than 10 V so that a maximum intended value of Rc produces a 10 V maximum control voltage. Rc must be adjusted to a value of 0 ohms (a direct short) to return a 0 V control voltage. As a practical matter, many 0-10 V dimming control inputs can be operated by replacing the variable control resistor with an electronic switch. When the switch is on, the control voltage is near 0 and the light is fully dim. When the switch is off, the control voltage is maximum and the light is fully bright. The switch is controlled by a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal, which alternately turns the switch on and off at a rapid rate. The relative proportion of off time vs. on time determines brightness. For example, if the switch is off 10% of the time, the resulting control signal would be the equivalent of 1 V produced with a variable resistor. The PWM method does not require selection of accurate resistance values. It can be applied simultaneously to control signals of multiple lights by connecting their control inputs in parallel. As of the early 2020's, a significant percentage of 0–10 V dimmable LED flat panels do not respond rapidly to control signal changes or even follow the average control signal value. A pulse width modulated control signal, as described above, does not work well with such fixtures. Dimming fluorescent ballasts and dimming LED drivers often use 0–10 V control signals to control dimming functions. In many cases, the dimming range of the power supply or ballast is limited. If the light output can only be dimmed from 100% down to 10%, there must be a switch or relay available to kill power to the system and turn the light completely off. Some 0–10 V controllers offer a built-in line voltage relay, others require an external line voltage relay. Some 0-10 V controllers, usually called 0-10 V Blink'n'Dim adapters, create a 0-10 V control signal in response to short blink signals from the power switch. Depending on the application, these options should be considered. == Advantages and disadvantages == The simplicity of the lighting system makes it straightforward to understand, implement and diagnose, and its low current (typically 1 mA) means it can be run along relatively thin cables with little voltage drop. However, since it requires one wire per control channel (plus a common return wire), a sophisticated system could have hundreds of wires, requiring expensive multicore cables and connectors. Over a long cable, the voltage drop requires every channel of the receiving device to be calibrated to compensate for the voltage losses. (This is only a theoretical limitation as the resistance of the thinnest practical wire is around 20 Ω/1000 m.) Capacitive coupling from nearby AC power cables can affect the signal to the fitting and even cause flickering. Signal wire running parallel to power cables for a fair distance would need to be screened. This is particularly difficult when control wires must be run inside closed and previously wired walls. When using this system, one must take into consideration the actual application, since controlling office lights is not the same as controlling theatrical lighting. 0–10 V lighting control is widely used in commercial and industrial lighting by ballast manufacturers such as GE, Philips, Universal, Metrolight, Sylvania, Creative Lighting, and Lumascape.Mark 7 0-10V - Products - Philips Lighting ElectronicsMetrolight Electronic BallastsCreative Lighting There are distributed control approaches on the market today that can be installed inside or very near the fixture(s) to be controlled thus eliminating the wire runs and the voltage drop. ==See also== * Dimmer * Lighting control console * Lighting control system ==References== * ESTA E1.3, Entertainment Technology - Lighting Control System - 0 to 10V Analog Control Protocol, Draft 9 June 1997 (CP/97-1003r1) (summarized) * IEC Standard 60929 Annex E - AC and/or DC-supplied electronic control gear for tubular fluorescent lamps - Performance requirements (abstract) Category:Stage lighting Category:Analog communication interfaces
+The 0-10,000 Fast Pairs or 10K Fast Pairs is held at the Fall American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC). The 10K Fast Pairs is a four-session matchpoint pairs event with two qualifying sessions and two final sessions; tables are permitted 11 minutes to finish their two-board rounds, rather than the standard 15 minutes. The event is restricted to players with fewer than 10,000 masterpoints. ==History== The inaugural 10K Fast Pairs was held in 2015 at the Fall NABC in Denver, Colorado. ==Winners== Year Winners Runners-up 2015 Vladislav Isporski, James Melville David MacRae, Christina van Leeuwen 2016 Mary Jane Gladfelter, Michael Gladfelter Rob Gordon, Dori Cohen 2017 Daniel Miles, Justyna Zmuda Joan Brody, Radu Nistor 2018 Hiroaki Miura, Keiko Miwa Joshua Donn, Peter Gelfand 2019 David Rodney, Rusty Krauss Li Yiting, Laura Dekkers 2020 Not held due to COVID-19 Not held due to COVID-19 2021 Bryan Delfs, Marc Sylvester Greg Resz, Jeff McKee 2022 Mike Develin, Eric Mayefsky Rick Clelland, Ying Zhang ==Sources== * *"ACBL Live" acbl.org. ACBL. Retrieved 1 August 2019. *"NABC Winners" acbl.org. ACBL. Retrieved 13 November 2020 ==References== ==External links== *ACBL official website Category:North American Bridge Championships
+The 0-10,000 NABC Pairs or 10K NABC Pairs is held at the Summer American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC). The 10K NABC Pairs is a four-session matchpoint pairs event with two qualifying sessions and two final sessions. The event is restricted to players with fewer than 10,000 masterpoints. ==History== The inaugural 10K NABC Pairs was held in 2014 at the Summer NABC in Las Vegas, Nevada. ==Winners== Year Winners Runners-up 2014 John Jones, Mark Bartusek John Hoffman, Leila Sink 2015 Frank Treiber III, Diane Travis Edward Piken, Viktor Anikovich 2016 David Rodney, Rusty Krauss Mohsin Chandna, Jay Kelkar 2017 Michael Lipkin, David Gurvich Pierre Daigneault, Francine Cimon 2018 Phil Clayton, Andrew Gumperz Edward Piken,Steve Cohen 2019 Robert Kuhnreich, Elliot Sternlicht Stephen Donahue, David Joyce ==References== ==Sources== * *"ACBL Live" acbl.org. ACBL. Retrieved 1 August 2019. *"NABC Winners" acbl.org. ACBL. Retrieved 1 August 2019 ==External links== *ACBL official website Category:North American Bridge Championships
+Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels on five axles and no trailing wheels. In the United Kingdom, this type is known as a Decapod, a name which is applied to types in the United States. In the United States, the type is known as ten-coupled. ==Overview== The lack of leading and trailing wheels makes this wheel arrangement unstable at speed, and it is a type usually confined to fairly low-speed work, such as switching (shunting), transfer runs, slow-speed drag freight, or running over mountainous terrain. The Russian E class was the most numerous single class of locomotive in the world, with around 11,000 manufactured. ==Usage== ===Austria=== thumb|A Gölsdorf 0-10-0 at work in Slovenia, Bled Jezero station, 1971 In 1899, Karl Gölsdorf introduced his famous 180.00 class for the Austrian State Railway, an 0-10-0 for mountain regions which had a remarkably low axle load. It employed the Gölsdorf axle system and had the drive, unusually, on the fourth axle. The class existed both as simple expansion and as two-cylinder compound engines, and they later worked in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania and France. ===Canada=== Three 0-10-0 locomotives were owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway. ===China=== Sixteen narrow gauge 0-10-0 locomotives, built by Baldwin Locomotive Works from 1924 to 1929, remained operational on the Yunnan-Kopei Railway until 1990. ===Finland=== The VR Class Vr3 0-10-0T was numbered in the range from 752 to 756 and nicknamed Rooster. The first locomotive was ordered in 1924 from Hanomag in Germany. No. 755 is stored at the Finnish Railway Museum. ===Germany=== The 0-10-0 type proved popular in Germany. Several types of freight tender locomotives of this arrangement were built between approximately 1905 and 1915, after which the wheel arrangement was abandoned in favor of the 2-10-0. Subsequent German locomotives of this type were tank locomotives, including classes BR82, BR87, BR940, BR941, BR942-4, BR945-17, BR9419-21 and BR975. ===Indonesia=== The Staatspoorwegen ter Sumatara's Westkust (SSS) built a railway line on the west coast of Sumatra from 1887 until 1896. This railway used to haul products from Ombilin coal mines to the port of Teluk Bayur in Padang. Severe terrain with 8% grades required a locomotive with great power. The E10 was a rack tank steam locomotive employed in West Sumatra, of which 22 were built from 1921 to 1928 by Esslingen in Germany and SLM (Schweizerische Lokomotiv-und Maschinenfabrik) in Switzerland. The E10 has four cylinders, with two cylinders dedicated to drive the rack gears. The class E10 eventually consisted of 39 locomotives, of which the last seven engines were built in 1967 by Nippon Sharyo, the last steam locomotives to be built by that firm. The class was used in regular service until the mid-1980s.Kautzor, 2010 Continental Ry. Jrnl. #163 ===Japan=== thumb|Former JNR class 4110 0-10-0 preserved in Hokkaido, Japan, 2005 Four 4100 class 0-10-0T locomotives, numbered from 4100 to 4103 and built by Krauss-Maffei in Germany, were imported to Japan in 1912. Based on this design, a total of 39 4110 Class 0-10-0T locomotives, numbered from 4110 to 4148, were built in Japan in 1914 and 1917. The last members of the class were withdrawn from service on JNR in 1950, but some were sold to private freight railways and remained in service as late as 1971. Four of the locomotives were sent to the Korean Peninsula in 1938, but their subsequent fate is unknown. ===Russia=== The 0-10-0 type was the principal standard freight locomotive in Russia and was manufactured in very large numbers. The E class (Cyrillic Э, not to be confused with Е-class), freight locomotive was made up of several sub-classes, all developed from the same original basic machine. The sub-classes included E, Em, , Esh, Eu, and Er. A number of both the Em and class received condensing tenders for working in areas where water supplies were scarce. These were designated Emk and Egk class respectively. However, these locomotives were experimental and the condensing tender was mainly used on the 2-10-0 SO19-series locomotive. The E class was the most numerous single class of locomotive in the world, with around 11,000 manufactured in Russia and other countries such as Czechoslovakia, Germany, Sweden, Hungary and Poland. This class even far outnumbered the German DRB Class 52 2-10-0 Kriegslok. The class was eventually superseded by the SO class which can be considered a further development of the E class, the L class and the FD class . Despite being superseded, it was not replaced, and the class was widely used until the end of steam in Russia. ===South West Africa=== In 1911, the Lüderitzbucht Eisenbahn (Lüderitzbucht Railway) in German South West Africa () placed six Decapod locomotives in service, built in 1910 by Henschel & Son for a French colony in Africa. The engines were rejected by French inspectors, however, and they were purchased by the German government for £2,000 each in 1911, on behalf of the Lüderitzbucht-Gesellschaft company who leased the Lüderitzbucht Eisenbahn and shared the profits with the government.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1948). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, January 1948. pp. 31–32.Henschel-Lieferliste (Henschel & Son works list), compiled by Dietmar Stresow. To protect the motion from wind-blown sand in the Namib Desert, it had plate shields arranged along the full length of the engine, hinged on the running board to allow access to the motion. The locomotives were placed in service on the Südbahn line from Lüderitzbucht via Seeheim to Kalkfontein, where they formed the mainstay of motive power. None of these engines survived the First World War. ===Taiwan=== A steam locomotive of this form served the sole purpose of pushing passengers up to the highest altitude station, 勝興, in Taiwan. ===Thailand=== Two Hanomag 0-10-0 steam Locomotives, numbers 401 and 402, were imported from Germany in 1913 for service in Siam and were used on standard gauge. In 1924 they were regauged to metre gauge. ===United Kingdom=== Only two 0-10-0 locomotives saw service on British railways. One was a suburban tank locomotive prototype, built by James Holden for the Great Eastern Railway in 1902 and called the Decapod. The other was a tender locomotive, No. 2290, built by the Midland Railway in 1919, specifically for use as a banker for the Lickey Incline. ===United States=== thumb|left|0-10-0 pusher locomotive of the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, The 0-10-0 was not very popular in the United States and North America in general and probably fewer than seventy of this type were constructed. For switching work, large locomotives were preferred, and when more than four driven axles were required, the preference was for articulated locomotives such as 0-6-6-0 and 0-8-8-0 Mallet engines. On mainlines, a with the added stability of its leading truck, or a 2-10-2 or 2-10-4 with room for larger fireboxes, were preferred. The first 0-10-0 in the United States was built to provide service on Madison Hill which, at 5.89%, has the steepest standard gauge grade in the country. It was a tank locomotive, designed in 1868 by Reuben Wells for the Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad and named for its designer. The Reuben Wells is on display at the Children's Museum of Indianapolis. It is long and weighs 55 tons. Later 0-10-0 versions were delivered in 1891 to the St. Clair Tunnel Company to haul trains between Sarnia, Ontario and Port Huron, Michigan. The next were a series of 21 locomotives for New York Central Railroad and its subsidiaries for hump yard work. Others included seven owned by Illinois Central Railroad, fifteen by Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, two by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and four, the heaviest built, for Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway. ==References== 10,0-10-0
+Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-10-2 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels on five axles, and two trailing wheels on one axle (usually in a trailing truck). Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification: E1 (also known as German classification and Italian classification) French classification: 051 Turkish classification: 56 Swiss classification: 5/6 == United States == In the US, this type is known as the Union after the only US railroad to have new locomotives built in this arrangement. These were ten 0-10-2s built for the Union Railroad in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. They were used as heavy duty transfer locomotives rather than switchers. In Greenville, Pennsylvania, one is on static display lettered for the Duluth Missabe and Iron Range Railway #604 (Upon dieselization, the Union RR sold all of theirs to the DM&IR;) . The Chicago & North Western Railway converted two 2-10-2 locomotives formerly owned by subsidiary Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha into 0-10-2 locomotives in 1944. They were classified J-1 both before and after conversion. One was scrapped in 1950 and the other in 1953. == Europe == In Germany, a number of narrow gauge tank locomotives were built with an 0-10-2 configuration. All used some form of articulated drive that allowed the outer driving axles to move sideways or radially to negotiate curves. An example was a group of locomotives built for the narrow gauge lines of Bosnia that utilised the Klose System for an articulated drive. ==External links== * Klose system locomotives, including an 0-10-2 . * Trains.com article mentioning the Union Railroad 0-10-2s . * Info sheet on the surviving Union Railroad 0-10-2. ==References== 10,0-10-2
+Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-12-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, twelve powered and coupled driving wheels on six axles, and no trailing wheels. ==Equivalent classifications== Other equivalent classifications are: *UIC classification: F (also known as German classification and Italian classification) *French classification: 060 *Turkish classification: 66 *Swiss classification: 6/6 ==Tender engine== The first example of the 0-12-0 was the Pennsylvania, designed by Jame Milholland for the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and built at its own shops in 1863. It weighed fifty tons and was, at the time, the heaviest steam locomotive in the world. It was intended to haul Pennsylvania coal trains. ==Tank engines== There were only two classes of 0-12-0T locomotives: The first was a class of three rack locomotives built by Lokomotivfabrik Floridsdorf in 1912 for use on the Erzberg Railway (Erzbergbahn) in Austria. Initially classified as class 269 by the kkStB, they passed to the BBÖ after World War I, the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1939, and finally the ÖBB after World War II. They all stayed in service until the 1970s. The only others of the type, was a class of ten 0-12-0T locomotives built by Hanomag in 1922 for the Bulgarian State Railways (BDŽ). They were initially numbered 4001–4010, but were renumbered 45.01 to 45.10 in 1935–1936. They were built as two-cylinder compound locomotives, with a boiler feeding a high-pressure cylinder discharging to a , both of which were connected to the driving wheels. The locomotives weighed . ==References== * * * 12,0-12-0 Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1863
+An 0-2-2, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is one that has two coupled driving wheels followed by two trailing wheels, with no leading wheels. The configuration was briefly built by Robert Stephenson and Company for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. ==Equivalent classifications== Other equivalent classifications are: *UIC classification: A1 (also known as German classification and Italian classification) *French classification: 011 *Turkish classification: 12 *Swiss classification: 1/2 == Liverpool & Manchester Railway == === Rocket === The 0-2-2 or Northumbrian wheel arrangement was first used for Stephenson's Rocket, their entry for the Rainhill Trials of 1829, a competition to choose a locomotive design for the new Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Stephenson recognised that the rules of the competition favoured a fast, light locomotive of only moderate hauling power. Although George Stephenson's previous designs had been heavy four-coupled freight locomotives, Rocket was almost entirely new. Stephenson was an advocate of the adhesion railway, against the fashion of the time, and believed that the light loads for Rainhill would even allow just a single driving axle. This allowed the simplification of not requiring either a chain drive between the axles or Stephenson's invention of the external coupling rods. Achieving adequate traction required more of Rocket's weight to be over the driving axle than the carrying axle. The heavy boiler was placed forwards, with the axle beneath it, giving a 0-2-2 layout rather than 2-2-0. The cylinders were set at a steep angle, as used the year before for Lancashire Witch, rather than the typical vertical cylinders of this period. The cylinders were thus over the firebox and both driver and fireman shared a footplate at the same, rear, end of the engine. Previously they had often been separated to their own ends of the engine. === Novelty === Ericsson and Braithwaite's entry for the Trials, their Novelty, was an 0-2-2 well tank locomotive. Both the driving wheels and trailing wheels were the same size, and there may also have been the facility to fit a coupling chain drive to give better adhesion "when needed". Novelty has also been described as a 2-2-0WT design, as there is no clear "front" or "rear" to this design. === Northumbrian === Rocket was the only locomotive to complete the trials successfully and Stephenson became the supplier of locomotives to the L&MR.; The 0-2-2 arrangement was subsequently used by Robert Stephenson and Company on eight locomotives supplied to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway after 1829:, Meteor, Comet, Dart, Arrow, Phoenix, North Star, Northumbrian, and Majestic. Like the rebuilt Rocket, these had their cylinders set low in a near-horizontal position. The Northumbrian type was superseded by the 2-2-0 Planet type. These reversed the layout, placing the cylinders inside, between the frames, and below the smokebox at the front. The inside cylinders were closer together, giving less of a rocking couple and so were less prone to yawing oscillation at speed. Placing the cylinders below the smokebox also permitted shorter steampipes and exhaust pipes to the blastpipe, giving better efficiency. Northumbrians were the last, and only, production locomotives with this wheel arrangement. After the Planets, most passenger locomotives began to use a 2-2-2 arrangement, with an additional front carrying axle to give better riding at speed. == Tank engines == thumb|left|Railmotor with 0-2-2 locomotive unit c.1905 In the early 20th Century a number of railmotors were built by various railway companies in the UK where the locomotive section had an 0-2-2 wheel arrangement, but they were designed to operate semi-permanently coupled to a coach unit. The LSWR C14 class used a similar layout, but reversed as a 2-2-0T. Their low adhesive weight gave them a poor performance and half of them were rebuilt as the 0-4-0T S14. ==References== Category:0-2-2 locomotives 2,0-2-2
+Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-2-2-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, four powered but uncoupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels. Some authorities place brackets around the duplicated but uncoupled wheels, creating a notation 0-(2-2)-0. ==Usage== The only recorded usage of the arrangement was in four locomotives designed by Patrick Stirling for the Glasgow and South Western Railway in 1855. The design was not successful and the locomotives were withdrawn by 1867. The Mount Washington Cog Railway has 8 0-2-2-0's in existence and only 2 are in working order, 3 are in storage, and the rest are on display. ==References== * 0-2-2-0 Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1855
+Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-2-4 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and four trailing wheels on two axles. ==History== thumb|right|Dundee and Newtyle Railway 0-2-4 This is a most unusual wheel arrangement, with the only known examples being three locomotives supplied to the 4ft 6in Dundee and Newtyle Railway by J and C Carmichael of Dundee in 1833. These were still in operation in 1847, but may have been scrapped in 1849 when the line was converted to the standard gauge. ==References== * * 2,0-2-4

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+O is a water-themed stage production by Cirque du Soleil, a Canadian circus and entertainment company. The show has been in permanent residence at the Bellagio in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, since October 1998. O, whose name is pronounced the same way as eau, the French word for "water", takes place around and above a pool of water. It features water acts such as synchronized swimming as well as aerial and ground acts. The O theatre, which is designed to resemble a 14th-century European opera house, has 1,800 seats, thus allowing the performance to be watched by 3,600 people a night since the performance usually plays twice in a given day, also designed to meet the special demands of the show. O was inspired by the "infinity and elegance of water's pure form," which pays tribute to the beauty of the theatre. A group of 150 stage technicians assist in the production of the show, the cast of which is 85 performers: international acrobats, synchronized swimmers, and divers. Some of them are former Olympic athletes. ==History== Since late October 2010, Cirque du Soleil has offered backstage tours of the O theatre. The experience allows visitors to see the backstage wings, training rooms, costume workshop, break area, underwater lighting area, and go up to a catwalk into the sound and lighting booths. Not every experience will be the same as the tour is conducted around a "regular day", so performers may or may not be training, rehearsing, or even working out. As of early 2011, O has grossed over a billion dollars since the show opened in 1998. O has received many awards, including the following: * Entertainment Design Award, best production show, 1998 * Las Vegas Review-Journal, best production show, 1999–2006 * THEA, live show category, 1999 * Prix Italia, creativity in high definition, 2009, for the documentary Flow O had its 10,000th performance on 1 September 2019. ==Set and technical information== The show has a cast of 85 acrobats, synchronized swimmers and divers performing in and above a 1.5 million-gallon pool. When maintenance needs to be performed, the pool is drained in about 12 hours to the Bellagio Lake, causing the lake's water level to rise . The pool is kept at and has an underwater speaker system and regulators that allow performers to breathe underwater. Every member of the cast is scuba-certified. The underwater stage lift was produced by Handling Specialty.Handling Specialty Turn Key Capabilities In order for the platform stage to rise and fall in the water without a wake, the rubber surface of the stage is perforated. Cold air vents under each seat help control the theatre temperature for the audience. The goal is to maintain two temperature zones in the theatre: the stage is kept at a higher temperature of , while the audience area is kept at a lower temperature of . A mesh false ceiling allows warm moist air to escape out of the top of the theatre. To minimize damage to the musical instruments, the musicians play from glass enclosures in the theatre. Some of the musical instruments used in the show are more than 100 years old. The unique string instrument heard in the soundtrack of O is an erhu, a traditional Chinese bowed string instrument. To maintain a fresh look on the performers, some performers have multiple sets of costumes so they may reappear dry despite having been in the water. Some of the costumes only have a lifespan of approximately 20 shows due to the bromide and chlorine in the water. Additional facts about the show: * Some of the props function as boats, like the umbrella that Le Vieux rides on the water. * There are 15 technicians underwater during the show, performing various tasks such as artist handling and props manipulation. * The horses that the Comets ride in the show weigh . * The clown house weighs over . * Hanging 49 feet above the stage, the carousel and téléphérique (a conveyor system) carry tons of equipment as well as performers during the show. * Most of the props that are used during the show are actually driven by the Performers who ride them. For instance, the carousel horses have a small propeller underneath their tails; they are controlled by a joystick located on the back of the horse. ==Costumes== Costumes for O drew inspiration from many sources: commedia dell'arte, the Baroque, India, the Arabian Nights, as well as Venetian courtly fashions. The costumes' silhouettes are defined by the design and are accentuated by the transparency of the selected materials and fabrics. Many costumes' base design are leotards which are then expounded upon: this includes the Zebras and Flayed Ones, among others. The Flayed Ones' leotards, for example, originally had hand-painted muscles on them, as digital screen-printing was inaccessible at the time of creation. Another special attribute critical to costumes in O is their treatment to help withstand the water and chemicals in it. To achieve this feat, roughly 40% of the costumes have been applied with a specific type of silicon sizing. In addition, the materials chosen are more durable and had to be able to both mould to the performer's body and dry quickly. Over the years the best fabric found for the costumes has been nylon mesh, which performs well either wet or dry. Additional facts regarding the costumes: * A separate room was built with timed heaters and fans to air-dry many of the costumes which cannot be tumble-dried. * Sixty loads of laundry are done nightly to wash the costumes which can be machine washed. * The swimmers' costumes are replaced every 3 months. * The Comets' costumes last for a full year. *All wigs and headpieces had to have chinstraps added. ==Music== The music of O was composed by Benoit Jutras and features a mix of classical Western and world instrumentation, including Chinese violin (erhu), bagpipes, African guitar and harp (kora), Colombian guitar, cello, ancient woodwinds and a wide variety of percussion instruments."O" - The Show - Video & Music cirquedusoleil.com. Retrieved 11-4-2009. During the show, the score is performed by a live band situated behind glass walls above and to the side of the stage. The glass protects the musicians' equipment from moisture damage. Os music was recorded at the Bellagio and released on November 24, 1998. () The album was re-released on September 6, 2005. () The songs are listed below with their corresponding act in parentheses. Album track list (and acts in the show accompanied by each song): # Jeux d'Eau (Solo and duo trapeze) # Mer Noire (Barge) # Tzelma (Interlude from bateau) # Africa (Interlude from clown act 1) # Remous (Bateau) # Svecounia (Interlude from contortion, cerceaux) # Nostalgie (Intro to russian swings) # Simcha (Character parade, Russian swings) # Gamelan (Contortion) # Ephra (Flying man and cadre) # Désert (Opening, nage, solo and duo trapeze) # Terre Aride (Fire) # O (Finale) Additional songs in the show not included on the album: * Danse (Clown act 2) (2001-present) * Debbie (Journey of Man) (Washington/solo trapeze) * Festival (Interlude from Fire) * Sur Terre (Clown act 2) (1998-2000) * Plouf (High dive) * La Glace (Clown act 1) (1998-2000) * Reda Ver.1 (Opening) (1998-2000) * Reda Ver.2 (Opening) (2001-present) * Confluence (Interlude from Cerceaux) * Merou (Washington trapeze) (1998 only) * Nenuphar (Intro to contortion) * Robinet (Clown act 1) (2001–present) * Humoresque No. 7 Opus 101 (Opening Interlude) (1998-2000) * Aurora (Opening Interlude) (2001–present) ==Filmography== In 2007, Cirque du Soleil released the film Flow (A Tribute to the Artists of "O"). The documentary was filmed in the O theatre and by the Colorado River. The film shows certain artists performing out around the river as well as on stage and provides information on the necessary technical equipment used to produce the performance. Bonus features of Flow include: performance clips, Russian swing act, technical information and film below the surface of the O pool, and information about the creation of O itself. In 2009, Flow won the Prix Italia award for the category of Creativity in High Definition.Prix Multimedia Winners The following acts were used in Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away: * Synchronised swimming * Bateau * Fire * Duo trapeze * Contortion * Aerial hoops ==References== ==External links== * * Official Bellagio site for O Category:Cirque du Soleil resident shows Category:Production shows in the Las Vegas Valley Category:Las Vegas shows
+O (О о; italics: О о) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. O commonly represents the close-mid back rounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in Scottish English "go". ==History== thumb|Some old Russian typewriters like this one were manufactured without the digit 0 as the letter O could be used instead. The Cyrillic letter O was derived from the Greek letter Omicron (Ο ο). ==Form== ===Modern fonts=== In modern-style typefaces, the Cyrillic letter O looks exactly like the Latin letter O and the Greek letter Omicron . ===Church Slavonic printed fonts and Slavonic manuscripts=== Historical typefaces (like poluustav (semi-uncial), a standard font style for the Church Slavonic typography) and old manuscripts represent several additional glyph variants of Cyrillic O, both for decorative and orthographic (sometimes also "hieroglyphic") purposes, namely: * broad variant (Ѻ/ѻ), used mostly as a word initial letter (see Broad On for more details); * narrow variant, being used now in Synodal Church Slavonic editions as the first element of digraph Oy/oy (see Uk (Cyrillic) for more details), and in the editions of Old Believers for unstressed "o" as well; * variant with a cross inside (Crossed O), Ꚛ, used in certain manuscripts as the initial letter of words окрестъ 'around, nearby' (the root of this Slavonic word, крест, means 'cross') and округъ 'district, neighbourhood' with their derivatives; * "eyed" variant (Monocular O) with a dot inside (Ꙩ/ꙩ), used in certain manuscripts in spelling of word око 'eye' and its derivatives. In many other texts, including the birchbark letters, the monocular O was not used as a hieroglyph but largely as a synonym of Broad On signalling the word-initial position; * "two-eyed" variants (Binocular O) with two dots inside (Ꙫ/ꙫ or Ꙭ/ꙭ), also double "O" without dots inside were used in certain manuscripts in spelling of dual/plural forms of the words with the same root 'eye'; * "many-eyed" variant (Multiocular O), ꙮ, used in certain manuscripts in spelling of the same root when embedded into word многоочитый 'many-eyed' (an attribute of seraphim). ==Usage== In Russian, O is used word- initially, after another vowel, and after non-palatalized consonants. Because of a vowel reduction processes, the Russian phoneme may have a number of pronunciations in unstressed syllables, including and . In Macedonian the letter represents the sound /ɔ/. In Tuvan the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel. ==Related letters and other similar characters== *Ο ο : Greek letter Omicron *O o : Latin letter O *0 : Digit Zero *Ё ё : Cyrillic letter Yo *Ѻ ѻ : Cyrillic letter Broad On *Ӧ ӧ : Cyrillic letter O with diaeresis *Ө ө : Cyrillic letter Oe *Ӫ ӫ : Cyrillic letter Oe with diaeresis *Ҩ ҩ : Cyrillic letter O-hook ==Computing codes== Exotic glyph variants of Cyrillic O are available only in Unicode: * broad Ѻ/ѻ: ** CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA: U+047A ** CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA: U+047B * narrow ᲂ does not just represent itself, but also used in digraph Oy/oy: ** CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NARROW O: U+1C82 ** CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK: U+0478 (deprecated in favor of combination of Cyrillic letters О and у, U+041E U+0443) ** CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK: U+0479 (deprecated in favor of combination of Cyrillic letters о and у, U+043E U+0443 or U+1C82 U+0443) * with a cross inside (Ꚛ/ꚛ): ** CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED O: U+A69A ** CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED O: U+A69B * doubled Ꚙ/ꚙ: ** CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE O: U+A698 ** CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE O: U+A699 * eyed Ꙩ/ꙩ: ** CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O: U+A668 ** CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR O: U+A669 * two-eyed (Ꙫ/ꙫ, Ꙭ/ꙭ): ** CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O: U+A66A ** CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O: U+A66B ** CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O: U+A66C ** CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O: U+A66D * many-eyed ꙮ: ** CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O: U+A66E * combining O for Church Slavonic abbreviations (as = '(Holy) Trinity'): ** COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O: 2DEA ==References== ==External links== * * Category:Vowel letters
+O is the debut studio album by Irish musician Damien Rice, originally released on 1 February 2002, in Ireland and in the United Kingdom. The album is dedicated to Rice's friend Mic Christopher, who died of a head injury in 2001. ==Background== Damien Rice was previously a member of the band Juniper, and upon its disbandment due to changes in creative direction, he took a sabbatical in rural Italy before returning to Ireland. He would meet with his second cousin, composer David Arnold who was impressed upon hearing Rice's songs and sent Rice's demo to music publishers to no success. Frustrated, Arnold worked with Rice to set up recording equipment for a home studio to make the album independently. He describes receiving a $500 loan from his father that would be forgiven on completion of the album. The recording process included opera singers, Gregorian chants, and a heavy influence from Lisa Hannigan, at the time Rice's personal and professional partner. Rice wanted to release the album without the backing of a major record label, believing if he signed such a deal it would compromise his future work, forcing him to move in directions he did not wish to. The album was released as "CD-sized hardcover book filled with personal artwork, lyrics, and photos." In 2003, it would get distribution support from Vector Records for the global release, a then-newly established label focused on independent artists. He later described his motivation as wanting "to forget about everybody else and make the next record that we're making just for ourselves again, because there's something about being in a space where you're not thinking of other people. You're just in a moment creating music and emotion and in a space with people you feel comfortable with. And that for me is the essence of what it is that we've done and what it is we do." ==Reception== O was released to critical and public acclaim in Europe and then globally. It peaked at number 8 on the UK Albums Chart, lasting 115 weeks on the chart, with two singles in the top 30 and "Cannonball" additionally peaking at number 9. thumb|left|Rice on tour for O at the Troubadour in 2003 In 2003, it won the Shortlist Prize for Artistic Achievement in Music, a then-prestigious award for albums that had sold less than 500,000 copies, though it would eventually go on to receive gold certification in America. The video for the song "Volcano" charted in the United States on VH1's Top 20 Video countdown in October 2003. ===Legacy=== In 2014, John Meagher of The Irish Independent described the album as, "one of the great Irish cultural success stories of the decade." In 2015, Donte Kirby of That Music Mag called it "an album that mined the vein of melancholy that comes from a relationship. If your partner just left you, if a close friend won’t pick up your calls or there’s an ache in your chest O might speak to you." In 2015, Paul Moore of Joe.IE describes the difficulty of retrospectively ranking tracks as "the whole record plays out as one incredibly atmospheric, haunting and immersive piece of music." ==Use in other media== Songs from the album are frequently featured, including use in over 37 television series and movies, and as of recently as 2017. *"The Blower's Daughter" was featured in the trailer for the 2004 Mike Nichols film Closer, as well as in the film itself. *"Cold Water" was featured in the 2003 film I Am David, in the end credits of the 2005 film Stay, also in the end credits of the final episode of the 2014 television crime thriller Prey and in the opening and closing scene of The Girl in the Café. In addition, it was featured in the 2010 French movie Little White Lies. The first bars are used to open several different scenes in aforementioned Closer. *"Delicate" was featured in the opening episode of the 2014 television drama The Affair's second season, during the ending sequence of the third episode of House M.D's second season, and during the first season of Lost. In addition, it was featured in the episode "TKO" of Money Heist. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== *Damien Rice – vocals, piano, guitar, percussion, clarinet, production *Lisa Hannigan – backing vocals, lead vocals on "Silent Night" (hidden track), piano *Vyvienne Long – cello *Mark Kelly – electric guitar, production *Shane Fitzsimons – bass guitar *Tom Osander aka Tomo – percussion, drums *Caroline "Caz" Fogerty – djembe *Doreen Curran – mezzo-soprano vocals on "Eskimo" *Nicholas Dodd – conducting *Colm Mac Con Iomaire – violin *Conor Donovan – timpani, percussion *Jean Meunier – improvisation, piano ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2002–2005) Peak position Australian Albums (ARIA) 67 Chart (2009) Peak position ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2003) Position UK Albums (OCC) 109 Chart (2004) Position UK Albums (OCC) 32 Chart (2005) Position UK Albums (OCC) 52 ==Release history== After the album's initial release and success, it was repackaged several times with additional material: *2003 – with bonus DVD *2003 – includes extended version of "Eskimo", which features "Woman Like a Man" from B-Sides, and brings the track's length to 21:42. *2004 – with extra track "Cannonball" (Remix) *2004 – double album pack: O and B-Sides *2005 – with extra tracks "Cannonball" (Remix) and "Unplayed Piano" *2018 – Deluxe and Standard vinyl editions, with 2 O "hidden" tracks and 4 B-Sides tracks ==References== Category:2002 debut albums Category:Albums produced by Damien Rice Category:Damien Rice albums Category:Vector Recordings albums Category:European Border Breakers Award-winning albums
+O is the second extended play by South Korean singer Yuju. It was released by Konnect Entertainment on March 7, 2023, and contains five tracks, including the lead single "Without U". ==Background and release== On February 14, 2023, Konnect Entertainment announced Yuju would be releasing her second extended play titled O on March 7, the promotional schedule was also released on the same day. On February 16, the mood teaser video was released. On February 27, the track listing was released with "Without U" announced as the lead single. On March 1, the highlight medley video was released. Two days later, the music video teaser for lead single "Without U" was released. ==Track listing== ==Charts== Chart performance for O Chart (2023) Peak position South Korean Albums (Circle) 15 ==Release history== Release history for O Region Date Format Label South Korea March 7, 2023 CD Konnect Various ==References== Category:2023 EPs Category:Korean-language EPs Category:Konnect Entertainment EPs
+O is the first full-length album from Eiko Shimamiya, it includes the hit single Higurashi no Naku Koro ni (opening from the same-titled anime). A limited edition with a DVD including the music video of Higurashi no Naku Koro ni is available. The album charted for five weeks on the Oricon charts and sold 10,000 copies. ==Track listing== ==Credits== * Eiko Shimamiya: Lyrics (excepting Sora no Mahoroba) and music (excepting Higurashi no Naku Koro ni) * Kazuya Takase: Arrangement for tracks 1, 4, 7, and 11. * Tomoyuki Nakazawa: Arrangement for tracks 2 and 11. Music for track 11. * SORMA: Arrangement for tracks 6 and 8. * Maiko Iuchi: Arrangement for tracks 5 and 12. * Additional arrangement: Jyunpei Fujita, C.G mix, Yui Isshiki respectively for tracks 3, 9, and 10. Category:2006 albums Category:Eiko Shimamiya albums
+O is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, O is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter 13px|ng after having gone through the Gupta letter 13px. As an Indic vowel, O comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a vowel sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent "A" vowel. ==Āryabhaṭa numeration== Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The ो sign was used to modify a consonant's value , but the vowel letter ओ did not have an inherent value by itself. ==Historic O== There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. O as found in standard Brahmi, 13px|O was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta 13px|O. Like all Brahmic scripts, Tocharian O 18px|O has an accompanying vowel mark for modifying a base consonant. In Kharoṣṭhī, the only independent vowel letter is for the inherent A. All other independent vowels, including O are indicated with vowel marks added to the letter A. ===Brahmi O=== The Brahmi letter O 13px|O, is probably derived from the altered Aramaic Waw 13px, and is thus related to the modern Latin F, V, U, W, Y and Greek Upsilon. Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi O can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with some vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. Brahmi O historic forms Ashoka (3rd-1st c. BCE) Girnar (~150 BCE) Kushana (~150-250 CE) Gujarat (~250 CE) Gupta (~350 CE) 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px ===Tocharian O=== The Tocharian letter 25px|O is derived from the Brahmi 13px|O. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a Fremdzeichen form. Tocharian consonants with O vowel marks Ko Kho Go Gho Co Cho Jo Jho Nyo Ṭo Ṭho Ḍo Ḍho Ṇo 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px To Tho Do Dho No Po Pho Bo Bho Mo Yo Ro Lo Vo 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px Śo Ṣo So Ho 37px 37px 37px 37px ===Kharoṣṭhī O=== The Kharoṣṭhī letter O is indicated with the vowel mark 15px|O. As an independent vowel, O is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter A 15px|A. ==Devanagari O== Ō (ऒ) is a vowel of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|Ō, after having gone through the Gupta letter 13px|Ō. Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ઓ, and the Modi letter 𑘌. ===Devanagari Using Languages=== The Devanagari script is used to write the Hindi language, Sanskrit and the majority of Indo-Aryan languages. In most of these languages, ऒ is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. ==Bengali O== Ō (ও) is a vowel of the Bengali abugida. It is derived from the Siddhaṃ letter 13px|Ō, and is marked by the lack of horizontal head line and less geometric shape than its Devanagari counterpart, ऒ. ===Bengali Script Using Languages=== The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the Bengali language and Assamese. In most languages, ও is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. ==Gujarati Ō== Ō (ઓ) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Ō 13px|o, and ultimately the Brahmi letter 13px|o. === Gujarati-using Languages === The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ઓ is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. ===Gujarati Candra O=== Candra O (ઑ, short O) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Candra O, and ultimately the Brahmi letter 13px|o. ====Gujarati-using Languages==== The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ઑ is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. ==Javanese O== ==Telugu O== O (ఒ) is a vowel of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|O. It is closely related to the Kannada letter ಒ. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature. Unlike other vowels, the O vowel sign has an alternate form in some typefaces that is used for the Gho, Jho, Mo and Yo syllables. thumb|200px|Telugu Gho and Ghō, showing the alternate forms of the vowel marks. thumb|center|550px|Telugu O vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Ko, Kho, Go, Gho and Ngo. Note that how the vowel sign interacts with the base consonant is dependent on the location of the headline, the absence of a headline, and the presence of a tail to attach to. ===Telugu Ō=== In addition, Telugu also contains a second O vowel, Ō (ఓ). It is also descended from the Brahmi letter 13px|O. It is closely related to the Kannada letter ಓ. The long Ō vowel sign generally interacts with a base consonant the same as short O, with an alternate vowel sign form in some typefaces for Ghō, Jhō, Mō and Yō. thumb|center|550px|Telugu Ō vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Kō, Khō, Gō, Ghō and Ngō. Note that how the vowel sign interacts with the base consonant is dependent on the location of the headline, the absence of a headline, and the presence of a tail to attach to. ==Malayalam O== O (ഒ) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|O, via the Grantha letter x15px|O o. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. ===Malayalam Ō=== Ō (ഓ, Long O) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It is a variation of the regular Malayalam short O vowel that appeared after Grantha. Like other Malayalam vowels, Ō has two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. ==Odia O== thumb|Odia independent and vowel sign O O (ଓ) is a vowel of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|O, via the Siddhaṃ letter x15px|O o. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia. ==Kaithi O== O (𑂋) is a vowel of the Kaithi abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|O, via the Siddhaṃ letter x15px|O O. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Kaithi usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Kaithi. ==Comparison of O== The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including O, are related as well. ==Character encodings of O== Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter O in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. O from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII. ==References== Category:Indic letters
+O was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway and ran until 1947. ==History== The O was formed from branches of existing lines. It ran on Main Street and 8th Street then to 1st and Virgil Avenue. Service began in 1918. Two years later, and was largely cut back to only run on Main Street with the northern end also running on Sunset Boulevard, North Spring Street, and Ord Street. The route was assigned the letter designation O in 1921. The line was extended north on February 3, 1924, leaving the old route at Spring and Ord and reaching Cypress to Verdugo Road, where an interchange with the Glendale and Montrose Railway was located. This service lasted four months before the terminus was reverted to Spring and Ord. The line was extended north again on July 4, 1926 via Main Street and Mission Road to Selig Place, adjacent to Lincoln Park. An additional extension south to Florence was built during the Great Depression in 1931. This routing remained until the line was discontinued on August 3, 1947. ==Sources== ==External links== * O Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway services introduced in 1918 Category:1918 establishments in California Category:1947 disestablishments in California
+O is the eighth studio album by Japanese J-pop singer and songwriter Maki Ohguro. It was released on 12 December 2001 under new label EMI Japan by distributors Universal Music Japan. The album includes two previously released singles, such as "Niji wo Koete" and "Yuki ga Furu Mae ni". "Promise I Do" features backing vocals of Japanese pop singer Hikaru Utada. The album reached No. 8 on its first week on the Oricon chart, and sold 89,000 copies. ==Track listing== All tracks arranged by Takeshi Hayama. ==In media== *Niji wo Koete: commercial song of Morinaga Milk Industry's Lactoferrin Yogurt *Yuki ga Furu Mae ni: theme song for Tokyo Broadcasting System Television television drama Kochira Dai San Kaishabu *Starlight ~Utsukushii Hoshi ni Kidzukanakereba~: theme song for Tokyo Broadcasting System Television program Zone *Promise I do: commercial song of Taisho Pharmaceutical Co.'s Zena ==References== Category:Universal Music Japan albums Category:Japanese-language albums Category:2001 albums Category:Maki Ohguro albums
+O is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. == Mongolian language == Letter Transliteration Alone Initial Medial Final Ligatures Transliteration Alone Initial Medial Final * Transcribes Chakhar ; Khalkha , , and . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * Indistinguishable from , except when inferred by its placement: it is only found in medial or final syllables if the initial syllable also carries it, or rarely when it carries the vowel . * = the final form used in loanwords, as in ( ). * = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound. * Derived from Old Uyghur waw (), preceded by an aleph () for isolate and initial forms. * Produced with using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. * In the Mongolian Unicode block, comes after and before . == Notes == == References == Category:Articles containing Mongolian script text Category:Mongolic letters Category:Mongolic languages Category:Tungusic languages
+"O (Oh!)" is a song written by Byron Gay and Arnold Johnson and performed by Ted Lewis and His Band. It reached No. 13 on the U.S. pop chart in 1920. ==Other charting versions== *Pee Wee Hunt and His Orchestra released a version of the song which reached No. 3 on the U.S. pop chart in 1953. ==Other versions== *All-Star Trio released a version of the song as a single in 1920, but it did not chart. *Billy Murray released a version of the song as a single in 1920, but it did not chart. *Sauter-Finegan Orchestra released a version of the song as the B-side to their 1953 single "The Moon is Blue". *Lawrence Welk and His Champagne Music released a version of the song as a single in 1953, but it did not chart. *Sy Oliver and His Orchestra released a version of the song as the B-side to their 1959 single "The Touch". *Bill Black's Combo released a version of the song on their 1964 album, Bill Black's Combo Goes Big Band. *Boots Randolph released a version of the song on his 1973 album, Sentimental Journey. ==References== Category:1919 songs Category:1919 singles Category:1953 singles Category:Billy Murray (singer) songs Category:Columbia Records singles Category:Capitol Records singles Category:Coral Records singles
+O is the debut studio album by American R&B; singer Omarion, released on February 22, 2005 via Epic Records and Sony Urban Music. Despite featuring explicit language, the album doesn't have a Parental Advisory label on the cover. It features three singles: the title track, "Touch" and "I'm Tryna." The album entered at number one on the Billboard 200, and has sold more than 750,000 copies in the United States as of November 2008. O went on to be certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B; Album at the 48th Grammy Awards.Grein, Paul. "Chart Watch Extra: What A Turkey! The 25 Worst- Selling #1 Albums" . Yahoo! Music. November 21, 2008. ==Critical reception== The album received mixed reviews by critics. Billboard contributor Gail Mitchell praised the collaboration between Omarion and his producers for delivering "a healthy helping of repeat-worthy songs." Jem Aswad of Entertainment Weekly said of the record, "[T]he ballads on this solo debut have way too much whipped cream, but there are some surprisingly tough touches of funk and crunk ("Drop That Heater," the Missy-esque "Take It Off")." AllMusic editor Andy Kellman said that the album works best when the tracks are "lighthearted, summery funk ("Never Gonna Let You Go (She's a Keepa)") and have production done by the Neptunes ("Touch") and Rodney Jerkins ("Drop That Heater") instead of being overly sexual, concluding that "Had Omarion been less concerned with street credibility, realizing that it might be better to allow his young fan base to mature along with him, this debut would've been more than satisfactory." Kathi Kamen Goldmark of Common Sense Media also found the content overdone in its musings of sexual imagery, saying that it sounds "more jarring than seductive", concluding that "[T]here's a lot of potential here, if the artist can come up with some better, more subtly sexy material." ==Commercial performance== The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 182,000 copies in its first week of release. In its second week, the album dropped to number eight on the chart, selling an additional 77,000 copies. In its third week, the album fell to number 12 on the chart, selling 45,030 more copies. On March 31, 2005, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 copies in the United States. As of April 2012, the album has sold 765,000 copies in the United States. ==Track listing== ;Notes * signifies a co- producer * signifies an additional producer *"I Wish" featured background vocals by Omarion and Quintin Aney. *"O" featured background vocals by Tank and Eric Dawkins. *"I'm Tryna" featured background vocals by Tank and Dawkins. *"Drop That Heater" featured background vocals by Omarion and Sean Garrett. *"Never Gonna Let You Go (She's a Keepa)" featured background vocals by Charles "Charlie" Crawford and Jamie Vick. *"I'm Gon' Change" featured background vocals by Omarion, One Chance and Pierre Medor. ;Sample credits *"Never Gonna Let You Go (She's a Keepa)" contains a replay of "Electric Frog (Part II)" as written by Richard Westfield, George Brown, Robert Bell, Ronald Bell, Claydes Smith and Robert Mickens. ==Personnel== Adapted from the O media notes. * Joel Campbell – bass, keyboard * Carey Drisdom – bass * Bryan Tate – trumpet * Ryan Tate – trombone * Percy Richard, Omarion Grandberry, Marques Houston, Henley Regisford Jr., Chris Stokes – executive producers * Pharrell, Darkchild, Chris Stokes, Tank, The Underdogs, Sean Garrett, Corna Boyz, AllStar, L.T. Hutton, Paul "Scooby" Smith – producers * Sean Garrett, Pierre Medor – vocal producers * Quintin Aney, Durrell Babbs, Charles "Charlie" Crawford, Eric Dawkins, One Chance, Sean Garrett, Pierre Medor – vocal assistance * David Ashton, Andrew Coleman, Brian Garten, Jaymz Hardy Martin III, Dabling Harward, Sam Lobue II, Chris 'TEK' O'Ryan, Angelo Quaglia, Dave Russell, Brian Summer, Wassim Zreik – engineers * Kevin Mahoney – assistant engineer * Kevin "KD" Davis, Jean-Marie Horvat, Dave Russell, Dexter Simmons, Phil Tan – mixing * Justin Shtuntz, Rob Skipworth – mixing assistance * Herb Powers – mastering * Ellen To – art direction * Kimo Easterwood, Jonathan Mannion, Joaquin Palting – photography ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2005) Peak position Australian Albums (ARIA) 83 ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2005) Position US Billboard 200 96 US Top R&B;/Hip-Hop Albums 27 ==Certifications== ==See also== * List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2005 * List of Billboard number-one R&B; albums of 2005 ==References== Category:2005 debut albums Category:Omarion albums Category:Epic Records albums Category:Sony Urban Music albums Category:Albums produced by Rodney Jerkins Category:Albums produced by the Neptunes Category:Albums produced by the Underdogs (production team) Category:Albums produced by Sean Garrett Category:Albums recorded at Record Plant (Los Angeles)
+"O" is a song by American singer Omarion. It was released on August 17, 2004, as the lead single from his debut album of the same name. "O" was the first choice for Omarion's debut single in the UK and was picked over "Touch", which was the original choice for his first UK single. The song was Omarion's first hit as a solo artist, peaking at number 27 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It also reached numbers 12 and 24 on both the Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs and Mainstream Top 40 charts respectively. The song also charted in New Zealand and the UK, peaking at numbers 18 and 47 respectively. ==Chart performance== "O" debuted at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of January 22, 2005. Eight weeks later, it peaked at number 27 the week of March 19, 2005 and stayed there for two weeks. It stayed on the chart for twenty weeks. ==Music video== Directed by Chris Stokes (who previously directed Omarion in the 2004 film You Got Served), the video features Omarion going over to a girl's house and getting intimate with her. Intercut are scenes of Omarion dancing on the roof of an apartment with his friends, a woman or by himself. The video won the BET Award for Viewer's Choice at the BET Awards 2005. ==Live performances== Omarion first performed "O" and "Touch" at the 2005 BET Awards on July 28, 2005. The performance was Military-themed with Omarion and the dancers dressed in Army outfits. He performed the song again at the 2005 American Music Awards on November 22, 2005, as part of a medley with Bow Wow's "Like You" and "Let Me Hold You". ==Awards and nominations== The song was nominated for Choice Music: Make-Out Song at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards, losing to "Oh" by Ciara featuring Ludacris. ==Track listing== UK - CD: 1 # "O" (album version) # "O" (Jiggy Joint remix) UK - CD: 2 # "O" (album version) # "O" (Jiggy Joint remix) # "O" (Urban clean remix) (featuring Ray Cash) # "O" (video) * Includes a poster ==Credits and personnel== Credits are adapted from the liner notes of O. ;Recording * Recorded and mixed at The Underlab, Los Angeles ;Personnel * The Underdogs – producer * Tank – co-producer, background vocals * Dave "Natural Love" Russell – recording, editing, mixer * Dabling "Hobby Boy" Harward – editing * Kevin Mahoney – assistant engineer * Eric Dawkins – background vocals ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2004) Peak position ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2005) Position US Billboard 100 91 US Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) 31 ==Certifications== ==Release history== Region Date Format(s) Label(s) United States Rhythmic contemporary · urban contemporary radio Epic ==References== Category:2004 songs Category:2004 debut singles Category:Omarion songs Category:Epic Records singles Category:Song recordings produced by the Underdogs (production team) Category:Songs written by Harvey Mason Jr. Category:Songs written by Damon Thomas (record producer) Category:Songs written by Antonio Dixon (songwriter) Category:Songs written by Eric Dawkins
+o is Tilly and the Wall's third studio album, released on June 17, 2008 through Team Love Records. The album was engineered and produced by Mike Mogis. The album was released on August 30, 2008 in Australia by Dew Process. ==Content== o was preceded by the Beat Control EP, which featured the title track and "Cacophony". "Beat Control" is not included on the album, although "Cacophony" is. The first single, "Pot Kettle Black", was available to download for free from the band's official website and the Spin website. The music video premiered on Stereogum. "Chandelier Lake" and "Too Excited" were performed at various live shows prior to the album's release, including Daytrotter. The track listings initially announced for o had "Jumbler" as the title for "Alligator Skin". ==Title and artwork== The album's track listing and release date was announced on March 21, 2008. However, the album was untitled. Tilly and the Wall leaned towards naming the album o, due to its oval-shaped frame for the artwork. The album's title was officially confirmed as o on May 6, when the band posted pre-order information on their official website. The oval-shaped frames include fan-submitted artwork and handmade prints by various artists. ==Track listing== All tracks by Tilly and the Wall. # "Tall Tall Grass" – 2:57 # "Pot Kettle Black" – 2:50 # "Cacophony" – 2:27 # "I Found You" – 2:36 # "Alligator Skin" – 2:20 # "Chandelier Lake" – 4:16 # "Dust Me Off" – 2:56 # "Falling Without Knowing" – 3:05 # "Poor Man's Ice Cream" – 2:33 # "Bloodflower" – 3:12 # "Too Excited" – 3:16 # "Heartbeats" – 2:58 (bonus track) The UK edition featured the single Beat Control instead of Heartbeats as a bonus track. ==Additional musicianship and credits== *Jill Becker – stomps (2, 9) *Clark Baechle – programming (8) *Mason Brown – guitar (1, 6, 11) *Julia Bryson – stomps (2, 9), group vocals (4, 9, 11) *Craig Dee – drums (2–4, 6, 7, 10, 11) *Elsa Fellows – stomps (2, 9), taps (3) *Tyler Hottovy – trombone (4) *David Matysiak – guitar (11), group vocals (4, 9, 11) *Mike Mogis – bass (2, 3, 9, 10), keyboards (2, 4, 6–8), electric guitar (4, 5, 7, 8), talkbox guitar (2, 7), percussion (3, 5, 6, 9), Mellotron (4, 6), bells (5), chimes (6), glockenspiel (9), additional programming (8) *Dan McCarthy – accordion (9) *Darci Pressnall – stomps (2, 9) *Chris Senseney – trumpet (3–5) *Ian Simons – saxophone (3, 5) *Nate Walcott – trumpet (7) *Breanne Wilkinson – stomps (2, 9), taps (3) *Nik Fackler, Karl Houfek Elle Lien, Branden Rapp, Chris Rivera, Kacynna Tompsett – group vocals (4, 9, 11) Recorded and produced by Mike Mogis at ARC Studios, December 2007 Engineering assistance by Ian Aeillo Mastered by Doug Van Sloun at Focus Mastering, February 2008 Layout by Jadon Ulrich ==References== ==External links== *Tilly and the Wall official website *Tilly and the Wall on MySpace *Team Love Records Category:2008 albums Category:Tilly and the Wall albums Category:Team Love Records albums Category:Albums produced by Mike Mogis
+O is a 2001 American romantic thriller film, and a modern adaptation of William Shakespeare's Othello, set in an American high school. It stars Mekhi Phifer, Julia Stiles, and Josh Hartnett. It was directed by Tim Blake Nelson and written by Brad Kaaya. The film contains many different styles of music, ranging from rap to opera. It was filmed in Charleston, South Carolina in the spring of 1999. Originally intended for release for October 17, 1999, it was shelved following the Columbine High School massacre; O was finally released on August 31, 2001. The film grossed $16 million at the United States box office, which was seen by distributor Lions Gate Films as a "box office success". ==Plot== During a high school basketball game, Odin James scores the basket that wins the game for his team. Later at an awards ceremony, the coach Duke Goulding presents the Most Valuable Player award to Odin for his efforts, an award he shares with his teammate Michael Cassio. In giving Odin the award, Duke passes over his son Hugo, Odin's teammate and friend. At a party celebrating the victory, Hugo plots with school outcast Roger Calhoun to go to the school's dean, Bob Brable, and tell him that Odin raped his daughter, Desi, whom Odin has been dating. Hugo promises Roger that Desi will be his after Odin is out of the way, but Roger is only a pawn in Hugo's ultimate plan to destroy Odin. Later, in another game, Odin's team wins once again. At the celebration party, Hugo engineers a fight between Roger and a very drunk Michael, who is temporarily suspended from the team. Hugo tells Michael to ingratiate himself with Desi so that she will talk to Odin on his behalf. Soon afterward, Hugo tells Odin that Michael and Desi have been spending a lot of time together, and that she may be cheating on him. Odin doesn't believe this at first, but gradually comes to suspect them. Odin questions Desi, but she calms him down and he believes her. Nevertheless, the stress of the situation drives Odin to begin using drugs. Hugo manipulates his girlfriend Emily into stealing a scarf for him that Odin gave to Desi. Hugo, in turn, gives it to Michael in hopes that Odin will believe Desi gave Michael the scarf in an effort to prove Desi is cheating on Odin. Meanwhile, Odin and Desi are having sex at a motel, during which Odin sees an image of Michael on top of Desi in the mirror; angered, he becomes very rough with Desi, to the point that she cries out for him to stop, a plea he ignores as he continues to rape her. Afterward, they lie together staring in opposite directions. After Odin assaults another student during a game in a drug-fueled rage, Hugo tells him about the scarf, convincing him that Desi is cheating on him. Enraged, Odin vows to kill her; Hugo then promises to kill Michael. Hugo, with Odin and Roger, plans to kill Michael and Desi. Hugo and Roger attempt to kill Michael in a carjacking, but it does not go as planned: Roger and Michael struggle, Hugo hits Michael with a crowbar, knocking him unconscious. Roger shoots Michael in the leg, and then Hugo turns the gun on Roger and kills him after telling him that Desi is dead. Odin and Desi are in Desi's room talking and Odin is pretending to make up with her. They are making out on the bed when suddenly Odin attacks her; Desi fights back, but he finally strangles her to death. Emily rushes into the room and sees Desi's corpse; she soon finds out what Hugo has done. She begins telling Odin that Hugo told her to steal the scarf and exposes his plot, and Hugo fatally shoots her when she refuses to be quiet. Odin finally realizes that Hugo has been manipulating him the entire time, and demands to know why; Hugo refuses to answer. When the police arrive, Odin tells them what happened and shoots himself, dying by suicide. As Hugo is taken into police custody, he says in voice over that he will have his day in the spotlight. ==Cast== * Mekhi Phifer as Odin James (based on Othello) * Josh Hartnett as Hugo Goulding (based on Iago) * Julia Stiles as Desi Brable (based on Desdemona) * Elden Henson as Roger Calhoun (based on Roderigo) * Andrew Keegan as Michael Cassio (based on Michael Cassio) * Rain Phoenix as Emily (based on Emilia) * Martin Sheen as Coach Duke Goulding (based on the Duke of Venice) * John Heard as Bob Brable (based on Brabantio) * Anthony Johnson as Dell * Rachel Shumate as Brandy (based on Bianca) == Production == Screenwriter Brad Kaaya's inspiration for the script came from Shakespeare's Othello, "the spate of suburban school shootings that rocked the country in the 1980s", and his own experiences as a black teenager attending a largely white private school. Tim Blake Nelson came across the script while filming Terrence Malick's The Thin Red Line, and was offered the chance to direct based on his directorial debut Eye of God. Filming began in Charleston, South Carolina in early 1999 and wrapped that March. Dimension Films, a division of Miramax, acquired the film two days into principal photography. ==Release== The official release date was initially October 17, 1999, but was postponed following the Columbine High School massacre in April of that year. The delay was likely due to the film's themes of sex and violence in high school, as suggested by its director. Another theory is that it was held back until after the 2000 U.S. presidential election. The film was initially due to be released by Miramax but the studio passed it to Lions Gate after O's producers sued for breach of contract. The film was finally released theatrically on August 31, 2001. ==Reception== The film has received moderately positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a approval rating based on reviews, with an average score of and a consensus: "Though well-intentioned and serious in its exploration of teen violence, O is an uneven experiment that doesn't quite succeed". On Metacritic, the film achieved an average score of 53 out of 100 based on 26 reviews, signifying "mixed or average reviews". Roger Ebert gave the film 3 and ½ stars out of 4 and wrote O is "a good film for most of the way, and then a powerful film at the end, when, in the traditional Shakespearean manner, all of the plot threads come together." Ebert added, "Mekhi Phifer makes a strong, tortured Odin, and delivers a final speech, which in its heartbreaking anguish, inspires our pity much as Othello's does. Josh Hartnett showed here, years before 'Pearl Harbor,' that he is capable of subtleties and complexities that epic did not dream of." Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle also gave a positive review, writing, "The result is that a tale of teen violence takes on qualities of timelessness and universality it would not otherwise possess, while the 'Othello' story leaps out with a rare immediacy." Other reviews pointed out how the modern setting of a Shakespeare adaptation emphasizes the improbability of plot events. Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote, "In modernizing this shattering tale of love, jealousy, deceit and betrayal, screenwriter Brad Kaaya has been faithful to the play's emotions and plot mechanics, but these elements become burdens in a context that can't support them, with the result the drama’s extreme and tragic actions seem fatally under motivated." Desson Howe of The Washington Post positively cited the "hearty performances from Mekhi Phifer, Julia Stiles and Josh Hartnett", but wrote "Hugo's scheming comes across as convoluted and transparent." ==Awards== O was nominated for a Black Reel Award for Best Actor for Mekhi Phifer. Tim Blake Nelson also won the Golden Space Needle Award at the Seattle international Film Festival for Best Director. ==See also== * List of basketball films ==References== ==External links== * * * * * * Category:2001 films Category:2001 drama films Category:2001 independent films Category:2000s American films Category:2000s English-language films Category:2000s teen drama films Category:African-American drama films Category:American basketball films Category:American independent films Category:American teen drama films Category:Dimension Films films Category:Films about drugs Category:Films about rape Category:Films about school violence Category:Films based on Othello Category:Films directed by Tim Blake Nelson Category:Films set in boarding schools Category:Films scored by Jeff Danna Category:Films shot in South Carolina Category:Lionsgate films Category:Modern adaptations of works by William Shakespeare Category:Teen films based on works by William Shakespeare
+The "O" is a gesture used predominantly at the University of Oregon (UO) in Eugene, Oregon, United States, and especially at events in which the school's athletic teams, the Oregon Ducks, are taking part. The gesture is used to show support for the team or university, and is formed by an individual matching up the fingertips of each hand after making the letter "C" with both hands. First used by University of Oregon band directors as a cue to indicate the song to be played, it gained its current meaning after a photograph of quarterback Joey Harrington appeared on the front page of The Oregonian making the "O" sign with his hands. == Origin == The gesture was first used by University of Oregon band directors, who relied on visual cues to direct the ensemble due to crowd noise. Steven Paul, who served as band director from 1983 to 1989, used the sign to prompt musicians to begin performing the fight song "Mighty Oregon". It was one of several gestures used by Paul and subsequent band directors, including Todd Zimbelman, who served as the band director from 1999 to 2005. It became popularized after a photograph of quarterback Joey Harrington making the "O" appeared on the front page of The Oregonian one day following the Civil War game in 2001. Harrington had made the gesture at the band, hoping to hear the fight song one more time. In 2014, Harrington recalled: The moment was photographed by Bruce Ely, photographer at The Oregonian, and Thomas Boyd, who worked for the Eugene Register-Guard at the time. Ely recalled, "I remember calling editors and telling them it would be a cool picture for the front page. It took off from there. I think Tom and I are the only two people that happened to be in position." Harrington displayed the gesture again at the Fiesta Bowl. == Adoption == Fans continued displaying the "O" at sporting events following the 2001 game. Nike gloves and other merchandise have been produced showing the symbol. According to John Canzano, sports writer for The Oregonian, the gesture has become "a universal non- verbal rally cry for the university". The Winter 2014 edition of the Oregon Quarterly includes a photograph of Lady Gaga "throwing the O" with a UO alumna. ==Controversy== As Oregon players began to use the gesture on the field after a good play, Fox Sports rules analyst Mike Pereira, a former NFL and college football official, indicated that he thought the use of the sign bordered on unsportsmanlike conduct, which could lead to a 15-yard penalty. Pereira later clarified his comments, indicating that the sign should be allowed, as long as it was not "prolonged" or "directed at an opponent." Teachers in an American Sign Language class at Oregon have cautioned that, since the gesture often ends up being improperly formed, it ends up having more of the spade-like shape of the sign for "vagina" rather than the letter "O". Former Ducks player LaMichael James, who took the class, avoided making the sign for fear of being misinterpreted. ==See also== * Big "O", a hillside letter representing the University of Oregon, located at Skinner Butte in Eugene, Oregon == References == Category:2001 establishments in Oregon Category:Hand gestures Category:Oregon Ducks Category:University of Oregon
+ㅗ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅗ is U+3151. ==Stroke order== center|Stroke order in writing ㅗ Category:Hangul jamo Category:Vowel letters
+In Japanese writing, the kana お (hiragana) and オ (katakana) occupy the fifth place, between え and か, in the modern Gojūon (五十音) system of collating kana. In the Iroha, they occupy the 27th, between の and く. In the table at right (ordered by columns, from right to left), お lies in the first column (あ行, "column A") and the fifth row (お段, "row O"). Both represent . Form Rōmaji Hiragana Katakana Normal a/i/u/e/o (あ行 a-gyō) o お オ ou oo ō おう, おぅ おお, おぉ おー オウ, オゥ オオ, オォ オー ==Derivation== お and オ originate, via man'yōgana, from the kanji 於. ==Variant forms== Scaled-down versions of the kana (ぉ, ォ) are used to express morae foreign to the Japanese language, such as フォ (fo). ==Stroke order== upright|alt=Stroke order in writing お|Stroke order in writing お upright|alt=Stroke order in writing オ|Stroke order in writing オ 200px|right|Stroke order in writing お The hiragana お is made with three strokes: #A horizontal line from left to right. #A stroke consisting of a vertical line, a small diagonal line going upwards and to the left, and an open curve heading right and downwards. #A small curved stroke on the right. 200px|right|Stroke order in writing オ The katakana オ is made with three strokes: # At the top, a horizontal stroke from left to right. # A downward vertical stroke cutting through the first stroke, with a small hook at the end facing left. # At the intersection of the first two strokes, a diagonal line going downwards and to the left. ==Other communicative representations== * Full Braille representation お / オ in Japanese Braille お / オ in Japanese Braille お / オ in Japanese Braille お / オ o おう / オー ō/ou +う / +ー chōon* When lengthening "-o" syllables in Japanese braille, a chōon is always used, as in standard katakana usage instead of adding an お / オ. * Computer encodings ==References== Category:Specific kana
+O A e o Z (also known as A e o Z, or "A" e o "Z", Portuguese: The A and the Z) is an album by Brazilian rock band Os Mutantes. It was their first record without founding member Rita Lee, and marked a shift in their sound to progressive rock. Recorded in 1973, but shelved until 1992, this was Arnaldo Baptista's last studio record with the group. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== ;Os Mutantes * Arnaldo Baptista – Hammond organ L100, Mellotron M400, Hohner clavinet C, cello, lead and backing vocals * Sérgio Dias – electric (Régulus II and Fender Stratocaster) and 12-string acoustic guitars, sitar, lead and backing vocals * Liminha – bass guitar (Regulus and Rickenbacker 4001), acoustic guitar, backing vocals * Dinho Leme – drums, tabla, backing vocals == References == Category:1992 albums Category:Os Mutantes albums Category:Polydor Records albums Category:Portuguese-language albums
+O Adeus de Fellini (Portuguese for Fellini's Farewell) is the debut album by Brazilian post-punk band Fellini. It was released in 1985 via independent record label Baratos Afins and re-released in CD form in 1995, with an additional live track. According to the band's frontman Cadão Volpato, the album's name is a nod to English post-punk band The Durutti Column's 1980 debut, The Return of the Durutti Column.Interview with Cadão Volpato, 2008 The track "Outro Endereço, Outra Vida" features samples of English disc jockey John Peel's voice. "Zäune" is sung by Thomas Pappon, entirely in German. ==Track listing== ==Notes== * "Funziona Senza Vapore" is also present in the compilation Não Wave, alongside another Fellini track, "Teu Inglês". It is also the name of a side project formed by Fellini's frontman Cadão Volpato in 1992. * "Rock Europeu" is also present in the compilation The Sexual Life of the Savages, alongside another Fellini track, "Zum Zum Zum Zazoeira". ==Personnel== ;Fellini * Cadão Volpato — lead vocals (on tracks 1–9) * Jair Marcos — acoustic and electric guitars * Ricardo Salvagni — drums * Thomas Pappon — bass, other instruments, lead vocals (on track 10) ;Additional personnel * Guinho — trumpet (on tracks 2, 6) * Leonor — cello (on track 10) * Teresa Berlink — female backing vocals (on track 3) ;Miscellaneous staff * Recorded in autumn 1985 in the Ônix project (8 channels), São Paulo, Brazil * Fellini and Walter Silva — cover * Luiz Carlos Calanca — phonographic production * Fellini and Pappon — production, arrangement and mixing * Luiz Carlos Calanca and Paulo Torres — remastering (cd version) * Peter Price — mix-aid ==References== ==External links== * O Adeus de Fellini at Fellini's official Bandcamp * O Adeus de Fellini at Deezer * Fellini on Baratos Afins' website * O Adeus de Fellini at Discogs * O Adeus de Fellini at Rate Your Music * O Adeus de Fellini at MusicBrainz Category:1985 debut albums Category:Fellini (band) albums Category:Portuguese-language albums
+"O Amar Desher Mati" (Bengali: ও আমার দেশের মাটি) is a Bengali patriotic song written by Rabindranath Tagore. It was written against the Partition of Bengal in 1905. Indira Debi Chowdhurani provided the notation of the song. This song was included in the book named "Shawdesh". It was composed in Pilu-Baul Raga and Dadra Taal. == Legacy == The song inspired the Bengali fighters during the Liberation War of Bangladesh. Bengali revolutionary Krishnagopal Chowdhury sang this song on his way to death sentence given by the British Raj on charges of sedition in 1934. The song was used in the Bengali film Ora Egaro Jon directed by Chashi Nazrul Islam. == Synopsis == The song recounts the narrative of the motherland's role as a nurturing entity towards her people, as well as the lamentable realization of their failure to reciprocate in kind. == References == == External links == * rabindra-rachanabali.nltr.org (Bengali) * kotharsur.com (Bengali) Category:1905 songs Category:Bengali- language songs Category:Rabindra Sangeet Category:Songs written by Rabindranath Tagore Category:Indian patriotic songs __FORCETOC__ __INDEX__
+O Amor Está no Ar is a Brazilian telenovela produced and televised by Rede Globo, March 31 to September 6, 1997, in 137 chapters. == Synopsis == The story takes place in the quiet and fictional city of Ouro Velho. Sofia Schneider (Betty Lago) is an exuberant woman of great class, intelligence, and solid ethical values inherited from her Jewish family, who emigrated to Brazil after the war. After the death of her husband, the aristocrat Victor Sousa Carvalho (Wolf Maya), Sofia takes over the business of the company Estrela Dourada, which explores water tourism in the local dam. But his mother-in-law, Úrsula (Nicette Bruno), does not accept the situation and begins a contest for control of the Sousa Carvalho family business. Ursula has an ally, the unscrupulous Alberto (Luís Melo) married to his daughter Milica (Suzana Gonçalves). The relationship is complicated by Sofia's sister, Julia Schneider (Natália do Vale), arriving from Europe to join Alberto to remove her sister from the company. Sofia has bigger problems at home. His daughter Luísa (Natália Lage), is a problematic adolescent and manipulated by her paternal grandmother. The relationship between mother and daughter gets more turbulent when they both fall in love with the same man, the aviator Léo (Rodrigo Santoro). == Cast == Actor/Actress Character Betty Lago Sofia Schneider Souza Carvalho Uchôa Natália Lage Luíza Schneider Souza Carvalho Uchôa (Lu) Rodrigo Santoro Leonardo Freitas Menezes (Léo) Eriberto Leão João Amaral Leite Luís Melo Alberto Santana Natália do Vale Júlia Schneider Nicette Bruno Úrsula Souza Carvalho Uchôa Georgiana Góes Frederica Guimarães Ribeiro (Cuca Chicotada) Oscar Magrini Pedro Olímpio Lady Francisco Candoca Guimarães Ribeiro (Candê) Nuno Leal Maia Alcebíades Guimarães Ribeiro (Guima) Tuca Andrada Vicente Souza Carvalho Uchôa Marcelo Faria Ivan Guimarães Ribeiro Ana Paula Tabalipa Camila Caco Ciocler Rabino Davi Isabela Garcia Flora Tato Gabus Mendes Filipe Schnaider Cláudia Lira Matilde Guimarães Ribeiro Monah Delacy Ester Schneider Flávio Migliaccio Peninha Suzana Gonçalves Emília Souza Carvalho / Milica Rodrigo Santiago Seabra Micaela Góes Beatriz Schneider Souza Carvalho Uchôa Lupe Gigliotti Tosca Ivan de Almeida Teobaldo Antônio Grassi Lacerda Helena Ramos Suzete Tonico Pereira Chicão (Francisco) Vera Mancini Chimbica Renato Rabello Gregório Cláudia Provedel Izabel Guimarães Ribeiro Alexandre Barbalho Dr. Machado Thierry Figueira Rodrigo Luíza Curvo Tatiana Guimarães Ribeiro Dan Stulbach Horácio Carla Fioroni Alaíde Patrick de Alencar Daniel Schneider Souza Carvalho Uchôa Elaine Mickely Carla Manitou Felipe Lucas Clara Garcia Lizete Ariela Goldman Heloísa Gilles Gwizdek Maciel ==References== ==External links== * Category:1997 Brazilian television series debuts Category:1997 Brazilian television series endings Category:1997 telenovelas Category:TV Globo telenovelas Category:Portuguese-language telenovelas
+O Amor Natural is a 1996 Dutch documentary film directed by Heddy Honigmann. The film was shot in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in Portuguese. == External links == * * O Amor Natural at Icarus Films Category:1996 documentary films Category:1996 films Category:Films directed by Heddy Honigmann Category:1990s Portuguese-language films Category:Dutch documentary films
+O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor is a studio album by João Gilberto, released in Brazil in 1961. The Portuguese title translates to The Love, the Smile and the Flower and is taken from the original lyrics of Antônio Carlos Jobim and Newton Mendonça's "Meditação", which is included in the album. The album was initially released in the United States in 1960 as Brazil's Brilliant João Gilberto (Capitol ST 10280).Discogs.com - Brazil's Brilliant João Gilberto. Richard S. Ginell, writing in AllMusic, says, "This vitally important record introduced João Gilberto, Antonio Carlos Jobim and thus, bossa nova to the United States in 1961, a year before Stan Getz scored a hit with "Desafinado.... Several Jobim standards-in-waiting -- "One Note Samba," "Corcovado," "Meditation," "Outra Vez"—were heard for the first time in North America on this LP."AllMusic.com - Brazil's Brilliant João Gilberto == Track listing == # Title Songwriters Length 1\. "Samba de Uma Nota Só" Antônio Carlos Jobim, Newton Mendonça 1:38 2\. "Doralice" Antônio Almeida, Dorival Caymmi 1:27 3\. "Só em Teus Braços" Antônio Carlos Jobim 1:48 4\. "Trevo de Quatro Folhas" (I'm Looking Over a Four Leaf Clover Mort Dixon, Harry M. Woods, Nilo Sérgio 1:23 5\. "Se é Tarde, Me Perdoa" Carlos Lyra, Ronaldo Bôscoli 1:45 6\. "Um Abraço no Bonfá" João Gilberto 1:36 7\. "Meditação" Antônio Carlos Jobim, Newton Mendonça 1:46 8\. "O Pato" Jayme Silva, Neuza Teixeira 2:00 9\. "Corcovado" Antônio Carlos Jobim 1:56 10\. "Discussão" Antônio Carlos Jobim, Newton Mendonça 1:49 11\. "Amor Certinho" Roberto Guimarães 1:52 12\. "Outra Vez" Antônio Carlos Jobim 1:51 == Credits == * Artwork - César Gomes Villela * Photography - Francisco Pereira * Producer - Aloysio de Oliveira ==References== *Gridley, Mark. Jazz Styles: History and Analysis. 9th. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, Print. Category:1960 albums Category:João Gilberto albums Category:Odeon Records albums
+O Anjo da Noite (English: The Angel of the Night) is a 1974 Brazilian film directed by Walter Hugo Khouri and starring Selma Egrei and Eliezer Gomes. == Cast == *Selma Egrei as Ana *Eliezer Gomes as Augusto *Lilian Lemmertz as Raquel *Pedro Coelho as Marcelo *Rejane Saliamis as Carolina *Isabel Montes as Beatriz *Fernando Amaral as Rodrigo *Waldomiro Reis == Awards == Gramado Film Festival #Best Director (won) #Best Actor (won) #Best Cinematography (won) #Best Film (nominee) São Paulo Association of Art Critics Awards #Best Film (won) #Best Music (won) == References == == External links == * Category:1974 films Category:1970s Portuguese-language films Category:Brazilian drama films Category:Films directed by Walter Hugo Khouri Category:Best Picture APCA Award winners Category:1974 drama films
+O Antagonista is a Brazilian independent investigative journalism website aligned with the political right. == History == O Antagonista was created by journalists Diogo Mainardi and Mário Sabino on January 1, 2015. In August 2015, journalist Claudio Dantas joined as a third collaborating member. In May 2017, Felipe Moura Brasil became part of the team. According to his journalists, his proposal is to give priority to opinions contrary to what they define as "political, economic and cultural protagonism", as the name of the portal indicates. The site also featured special collaborations such as those with deceased journalist Sandro Vaia, eventually publishes videos by presenter Danilo Gentili. In March 2016, fifty percent of O Antagonista was purchased by the financial publishing company Empiricus Research. In February 2020, Felipe Moura returned O Antagonista, after leaving the site to take over Jovem Pan. == Controversies == In 2016, former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva registered four complaints that became inquiries at the 17th Ipiranga Police Station, in São Paulo. Among the requests is the investigation of alleged crimes committed by journalists from O Antagonista and Veja magazine. Lula's defense said that "websites appear to exist only to attack the honor and image of the ex-president". In April 2017, journalist Paulo Henrique Amorim published on his blog Conversa Afiada a dialogue that took place when Marcelo Odebrecht was turning state's evidence. In the dialogue, Marcelo's lawyer reports to judge Sergio Moro that O Antagonista would be broadcasting a livestream of the testimony on his website. This, according to him, would undermine the private condition of the procedure determined by Moro. On April 15, 2019, Minister of the Supreme Federal Court Alexandre de Moraes ordered that a report made by O Antagonista and Revista Crusoé referring to a supposed relationship between Dias Toffoli and Marcelo Odebrecht be removed under penalty of daily fine, if not removed, of 100 thousand reais. The decision to censor the magazine's content caused criticism by organs that defend freedom of the press and expression, such as the National Association of Newspapers (ANJ), the National Association of Magazine Editors (ANER), the Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism ( ABRAJI) the Brazilian Press Association (ABI) and Transparency International. The Association of Federal Judges of Brazil (AJUFE) also repudiated the decision of Minister Alexandre de Moraes, which they considered "inadmissible". Later, Alexandre de Moraes reversed his decision and revoked his own act. == See also == * Censorship in Brazil == References == Category:Brazilian websites Category:Investigative journalism Category:Brazilian news websites Category:Conservative media

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+P & A Campbell was a shipping company based in Bristol which operated steamship services in the Bristol Channel between 1893 and 1979. ==History== In the early 19th century, steamships were introduced to Europe with Clyde steamer sailings which grew rapidly, with many private ship owners taking trippers and commuters from Glasgow down the River Clyde to previously remote areas where holiday houses developed around the Firth of Clyde. Robert Campbell, known as "Captain Bob", came from a family associated with sailings to the Gare Loch. In 1854 he became master of the Gareloch steamboat Duchess of Argyle bought by two of his uncles, and developed a good public reputation as captain of successive ships as their fleet took on sailings from Kilmun on the Holy Loch. In 1864 one was sold as a Confederate blockade runner, its replacement Vivid was built to run "in connection with the express trains on the Greenock Railway". Captain Bob Campbell's sons Peter and Alexander Campbell were also captains, and when he suffered long term illness they took over running of the fleet. In 1887 their paddle steamer Waverley was taken by Peter to the Bristol Channel on a charter, with great success, after a shaky start when the Campbells were summoned before the Bristol Magistrates in July 1887 for having an uncertified engineer for the Waverley. At this time the Caledonian Railway was extending the Greenock Railway to Gourock railway station and pier. In 1888 the Campbells agreed to sell them two of their steamers as the nucleus of the Caledonian Steam Packet Company, along with the goodwill of the Kilmun business. After Captain Bob died, Peter and Alexander Campbell moved their business to Bristol, and set up the White Funnel fleet for coastal cruising. The company was formally formed in 1893 and they used the White Funnel image as a company logo. During the First World War, twelve of the fleet were requisitioned by the Admiralty as minesweepers and a troop ship. Two ships, Brighton Queen and Lady Ismay were lost. During the Second World War the fleet was requisitioned again. Four new vessels were planned after the war, but only and were built. They lasted until 1967 and 1968 respectively. After this the company used motor vessels until 1979 when it finally folded. The company had a brief fling with high speed craft in the summer of 1963, using the experimental SRN2 as a ferry between Penarth and Weston-super-Mare. ==Archives== Records of P & A Campbell are held at Bristol Archives (Ref. 37980) (online catalogue 1), (Ref. 40140) (online catalogue 2), (Ref. 40505) (online catalogue 3). ==Vessels operated by Campbell== ==References== * Category:1887 establishments in England Category:Transport companies established in 1887 Category:Transport companies disestablished in 1979 Category:Defunct shipping companies of the United Kingdom Category:Defunct companies based in Bristol Category:1979 disestablishments in England Category:Bristol Channel
+P & K Enterprises, was an American manufacturer of composite and wooden propellers for homebuilt and ultralight aircraft. The company headquarters was located in Colfax, Indiana.Purdy, Don: AeroCrafter - Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook, page 84. BAI Communications. The company built fixed-pitch and ground-adjustable propellers with two to five blades for 2si, Rotax and Zenoah engines up to from wooden laminates and composites. ==See also== *List of aircraft propeller manufacturers == References == Category:Companies established in 1981 Category:Aircraft propeller manufacturers Category:Aerospace companies of the United States
+P was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1895 to 1958, and by the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority from 1958 to 1963. ==History== ===Pico Street Electric Railway (1887–90)=== The first streetcar line on Pico Boulevard was short lived, running from an orange grove at Lorde Street (present-day Harvard Boulevard) to the Plaza de Los Angeles by way of Pico, Maple Avenue, 7th Street, San Julian Street, 3rd Street, and Los Angeles Street. The company began running cars in January 1887 as the first electrified streetcar in the western United States. but went under within a few years. ===The modern route=== The Pico and First Street Line was one of the first routes built by the new Los Angeles Railway in 1895. Its route lay between Pico and Van Ness Avenue on the west and Brooklyn and Rowan avenues on the east, via Pico Boulevard, Main Street, Broadway, 1st Street, and Rowan Avenue. In 1919, Broadway was extended south from 11th and Main to Pico Boulevard, removing the line from Main Street entirely. thumb|left|A trolley crosses Alameda Street at 1st Street in Little Tokyo as it heads for Boyle Heights, . In the 1920 service rerouting, the western end of the West Pico and Santa Fe Station Line was combined with the eastern portion of the Boyle Heights and West 7th Street Line to form the West Pico & East First Street Line. The new line ran from Brooklyn and Rowan via Rowan, First, Broadway, and Pico to Delaware. It was assigned the letter designation P in 1921. While the route was unchanged for the rest of its existence, the Rimpau Loop and Dozier loop were added in 1935 and 1936, respectively. The line was commuted to the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority in 1958. Service was converted to motor coach operation on March 31, 1963. == Gage Street Shuttle Line == As part of the Los Angeles Railway's expansion, a shuttle line was built north from Rowan and Dozier along Rowan, Hammel and Gage to Blanchard Street, at the foot of what is now City Terrace. This service was designated as route 34. Ridership was very low and the route was discontinued by LATL. ==Rolling stock== In 1947, Los Angeles Railway purchased 40 PCC streetcars to replace the old rolling stock on the line. ==Partial restoration== The Gold Line Eastside Extension was a project by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (successor to LARy services) to establish a light rail line to East Los Angeles. From the previous terminus at Union Station, trains operate primarily via 1st Street to Indiana, though the majority of the line is in a tunnel. ==Sources== ==External links== * P Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway services introduced in 1920 Category:1920 establishments in California Category:Railway services discontinued in 1963 Category:1963 disestablishments in California
+__NOTOC__ The "P" symbol or "P" badge was introduced on 8 March 1940 by the Nazi Germany General Government with relation to the requirement that Polish workers (Zivilarbeiter) used during World War II as forced laborers in Germany (following the German invasion and occupation of Poland in 1939) display a visible symbol marking their ethnic origin. The symbol was introduced with the intent to be used as a cloth patch, which indeed was the most common form, but also reproduced on documents (through stamps) and posters. The badge was intended to be humiliating, and like the similar Jewish symbol, can be seen as a badge of shame. == Design and usage == The design was introduced in the Polish decrees (laws concerning Polish workers in Germany) of 8 March 1940. The symbol was a diamond with sides of five centimeters. The border (about half a centimetre wide) and the letter P (two and a half centimetres tall) were violet, while the inside of the symbol was yellow. The letter "P" badge was to be worn on the right breast of every garment worn. Those who did not obey the rules were subject to a fine of up to 150 Reichsmarks and arrested with a possible penalty of six weeks' detention. The choice of color and shape might have been chosen to avoid any association with national symbols of Poland. It was the first official, public badge-like mark intended for identification of individuals based on their racial or ethnic origin (or other social characteristics) introduced in Nazi Germany, preceding the better-known "Jewish yellow star" badge introduced a year later, in September 1941. In January 1945 the Central Office for Reich Security proposed a new design for a Polish badge, a yellow ear of corn on a red and white label, but it was never implemented. == Examples of usage == File:Arbeitsbuch Fur Auslander 1942.jpg|Arbeitsbuch Für Ausländer (Workbook for Foreigners) identity document issued to a Polish Forced Labourer in 1942 together with a letter "P" patch that Poles were required to wear attached to their clothing File:Anti-Polish poster published by Volksbund für das Deutschtum im Ausland (Association for 'Germanness' abroad) Gauverband Danzig Westpreußen (Association of the “shire or county”, Gdansk, West Prussia).png|Anti-Polish poster published by Volksbund für das Deutschtum im Ausland (Association for 'Germanness' abroad) Gauverband Danzig Westpreußen (Association of the "shire or county", Gdansk, West Prussia) == See also == * Nazi concentration camp badge == References == == Further reading == * * Category:Unfree labor during World War II Category:Nazi war crimes in Poland Category:Anti-Polish sentiment in Europe Category:Poland in World War II Category:Symbols introduced in 1940
+P is the debut and only album by American alternative rock band P, featuring Bill Carter, Johnny Depp, Gibby Haynes and Sal Jenco.Strong, Martin C. (2003) The Great Indie Discography, Canongate, , p. 248 It was released on November 21, 1995 through Capitol Records and was reissued on May 8, 2007, under the Caroline Records label. Produced by bassist Andrew Weiss, the album also featured contributions from Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea, Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones, and pianist and Los Angeles scene fixture Chuck E. Weiss. The album features a diverse "array of alternative rock, touching on funk metal, R.E.M.-style folk-rock, and grunge." The album also features cover versions of Daniel Johnston's "I Save Cigarette Butts" and ABBA's "Dancing Queen". The track "Michael Stipe", named after the R.E.M. frontman, was released as a single in 1995 and received airplay on alternative radio. ==Critical reception== CD Review magazine panned the album, stating, "Though the group aims to be something other than a Gen X conversation piece, much of this debut is pointless dross." In Q, David Quantick awarded the album one out of five stars. He wrote, "Records made by actors are dreadful (there are no exceptions)... The result makes the phrase 'self-indulgence' seem puny and not up to the job." Sandy Masuo of the Los Angeles Times gave the album three out of four stars, describing it as "a surreal blend of rough-hewn rock, Gothic Western twang and psychedelic dub." In a retrospective review, AllMusic senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted the band's eclectic musical style. He stated: "While they are musically proficient, some of their songs aren't quite up to par. Nevertheless, their debut album is a surprisingly enjoyable effort." ==Track listing== ==Personnel== ;P * Bill Carter – guitar, bass * Johnny Depp – guitar, bass * Gibby Haynes – vocals, artwork * Sal Jenco – percussion ;Additional musicians * Ruth Ellsworth-Carter – keyboards * Flea – bass * Steve Jones – guitar * Chuck E. Weiss – washboard ;Technical personnel * Andrew Weiss – production, bass, mellotron, Moog, guitar * Tim Devine – A&R; * Tommy Steele – art direction * Wendy Dougan – art direction, design * Christina Bookman – artwork (print production) * Richard Huredia – additional engineering * Tom Bunch – management ==References== ==External links== * Category:1995 debut albums Category:P (band) albums Category:Capitol Records albums Category:Caroline Records albums
+P was a short-lived American alternative rock band formed in early 1993 by Butthole Surfers frontman Gibby Haynes (vocals), actor Johnny Depp (guitar/bass), actor Sal Jenco (percussion), and songwriter Bill Carter (guitar/bass).Strong, Martin C. (2003) The Great Indie Discography, Canongate, , p. 248 ==History== The band performed their first show at the Austin Music Awards in 1993, and released their eponymous debut album on November 21, 1995, under Capitol Records. It was reissued on May 8, 2007 under Caroline Records. They often played the odd gig at The Viper Room, of which Depp used to be co- owner. One of these gigs was played on October 30, 1993, where the line-up included Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers. Haynes, along with other members of the line-up that night, was a good friend of actor River Phoenix. While the band were in the middle of their song "Michael Stipe", which includes the lines "I'm glad I met old Michael Stipe, I didn't get to see his car. Him and River Phoenix were leaving on the road tomorrow" and "but we didn't have a part, not a piece of our heart, not Michael, River Phoenix or Flea or me," Phoenix (unbeknownst to the band at the time) was outside the venue having seizures on the sidewalk. Phoenix died in the early hours of October 31 of heart failure, brought on by an overdose of cocaine and heroin. ==Discography== ;Studio albums * P (1995, Capitol Records) ;Singles * "Michael Stipe" (1995) ==References== ==External links== * Category:Alternative rock groups from California Category:Musical groups established in 1993 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1995 Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1997 Category:Capitol Records artists Category:Caroline Records artists Category:1993 establishments in California Category:Johnny Depp
+In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class. It contains all decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of computation time, or polynomial time. Cobham's thesis holds that P is the class of computational problems that are "efficiently solvable" or "tractable". This is inexact: in practice, some problems not known to be in P have practical solutions, and some that are in P do not, but this is a useful rule of thumb. ==Definition== A language L is in P if and only if there exists a deterministic Turing machine M, such that * M runs for polynomial time on all inputs * For all x in L, M outputs 1 * For all x not in L, M outputs 0 P can also be viewed as a uniform family of boolean circuits. A language L is in P if and only if there exists a polynomial-time uniform family of boolean circuits \\{C_n:n \in \mathbb{N}\\}, such that * For all n \in \mathbb{N}, C_n takes n bits as input and outputs 1 bit * For all x in L, C_{|x|}(x)=1 * For all x not in L, C_{|x|}(x)=0 The circuit definition can be weakened to use only a logspace uniform family without changing the complexity class. ==Notable problems in P== P is known to contain many natural problems, including the decision versions of linear programming, and finding a maximum matching. In 2002, it was shown that the problem of determining if a number is prime is in P.Manindra Agrawal, Neeraj Kayal, Nitin Saxena, "PRIMES is in P", Annals of Mathematics 160 (2004), no. 2, pp. 781–793. The related class of function problems is FP. Several natural problems are complete for P, including st-connectivity (or reachability) on alternating graphs. The article on P-complete problems lists further relevant problems in P. ==Relationships to other classes== 300px|thumb|right|A representation of the relation among complexity classes A generalization of P is NP, which is the class of decision problems decidable by a non-deterministic Turing machine that runs in polynomial time. Equivalently, it is the class of decision problems where each "yes" instance has a polynomial size certificate, and certificates can be checked by a polynomial time deterministic Turing machine. The class of problems for which this is true for the "no" instances is called co-NP. P is trivially a subset of NP and of co-NP; most experts believe it is a proper subset,Johnsonbaugh, Richard; Schaefer, Marcus, Algorithms, 2004 Pearson Education, page 458, although this belief (the \mathsf{P} \subsetneq \mathsf{NP} hypothesis) remains unproven. Another open problem is whether NP = co-NP; since P = co-P, a negative answer would imply \mathsf{P} \subsetneq \mathsf{NP}. P is also known to be at least as large as L, the class of problems decidable in a logarithmic amount of memory space. A decider using O(\log n) space cannot use more than 2^{O(\log n)} = n^{O(1)} time, because this is the total number of possible configurations; thus, L is a subset of P. Another important problem is whether L = P. We do know that P = AL, the set of problems solvable in logarithmic memory by alternating Turing machines. P is also known to be no larger than PSPACE, the class of problems decidable in polynomial space. Again, whether P = PSPACE is an open problem. To summarize: :\mathsf{L} \subseteq \mathsf{AL} = \mathsf{P} \subseteq \mathsf{NP} \subseteq \mathsf{PSPACE} \subseteq \mathsf{EXPTIME}. Here, EXPTIME is the class of problems solvable in exponential time. Of all the classes shown above, only two strict containments are known: * P is strictly contained in EXPTIME. Consequently, all EXPTIME-hard problems lie outside P, and at least one of the containments to the right of P above is strict (in fact, it is widely believed that all three are strict). * L is strictly contained in PSPACE. The most difficult problems in P are P-complete problems. Another generalization of P is P/poly, or Nonuniform Polynomial-Time. If a problem is in P/poly, then it can be solved in deterministic polynomial time provided that an advice string is given that depends only on the length of the input. Unlike for NP, however, the polynomial-time machine doesn't need to detect fraudulent advice strings; it is not a verifier. P/poly is a large class containing nearly all practical problems, including all of BPP. If it contains NP, then the polynomial hierarchy collapses to the second level. On the other hand, it also contains some impractical problems, including some undecidable problems such as the unary version of any undecidable problem. In 1999, Jin-Yi Cai and D. Sivakumar, building on work by Mitsunori Ogihara, showed that if there exists a sparse language that is P-complete, then L = P.Jin-Yi Cai and D. Sivakumar. Sparse hard sets for P: resolution of a conjecture of Hartmanis. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, volume 58, issue 2, pp.280-296\. 1999. . At Citeseer P is contained in BQP, it is unknown whether the containment is strict. ==Properties== Polynomial-time algorithms are closed under composition. Intuitively, this says that if one writes a function that is polynomial-time assuming that function calls are constant-time, and if those called functions themselves require polynomial time, then the entire algorithm takes polynomial time. One consequence of this is that P is low for itself. This is also one of the main reasons that P is considered to be a machine- independent class; any machine "feature", such as random access, that can be simulated in polynomial time can simply be composed with the main polynomial- time algorithm to reduce it to a polynomial-time algorithm on a more basic machine. Languages in P are also closed under reversal, intersection, union, concatenation, Kleene closure, inverse homomorphism, and complementation. ==Pure existence proofs of polynomial-time algorithms== Some problems are known to be solvable in polynomial time, but no concrete algorithm is known for solving them. For example, the Robertson–Seymour theorem guarantees that there is a finite list of forbidden minors that characterizes (for example) the set of graphs that can be embedded on a torus; moreover, Robertson and Seymour showed that there is an O(n3) algorithm for determining whether a graph has a given graph as a minor. This yields a nonconstructive proof that there is a polynomial-time algorithm for determining if a given graph can be embedded on a torus, despite the fact that no concrete algorithm is known for this problem. ==Alternative characterizations== In descriptive complexity, P can be described as the problems expressible in FO(LFP), the first-order logic with a least fixed point operator added to it, on ordered structures. In Immerman's 1999 textbook on descriptive complexity, Immerman ascribes this result to Vardi and to Immerman. Revised version in Information and Control, 68 (1986), 86–104. It was published in 2001 that PTIME corresponds to (positive) range concatenation grammars. citing http://mjn.host.cs.st- andrews.ac.uk/publications/2001d.pdf for the proof P can also be defined as an algorithmic complexity class for problems that are not decision problems (even though, for example, finding the solution to a 2-satisfiability instance in polynomial time automatically gives a polynomial algorithm for the corresponding decision problem). In that case P is not a subset of NP, but P∩DEC is, where DEC is the class of decision problems. ==History== Kozen states that Cobham and Edmonds are "generally credited with the invention of the notion of polynomial time." Cobham invented the class as a robust way of characterizing efficient algorithms, leading to Cobham's thesis. However, H. C. Pocklington, in a 1910 paper, analyzed two algorithms for solving quadratic congruences, and observed that one took time "proportional to a power of the logarithm of the modulus" and contrasted this with one that took time proportional "to the modulus itself or its square root", thus explicitly drawing a distinction between an algorithm that ran in polynomial time versus one that did not. ==Notes== ==References== * * Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. Introduction to Algorithms, Second Edition. MIT Press and McGraw–Hill, 2001. . Section 34.1: Polynomial time, pp. 971-979\. * * Section 7.2: The Class P, pp. 256-263;. ==External links== * * Category:Complexity classes
+P is a 2005 Thai-language horror feature film directed by Paul Spurrier.EAT MY BRAINS! - Exclusive Interview with P's Paul Spurrier It has been claimed to be the “first Thai film to be directed by a westerner”. ==Plot== Whilst growing up in rural Thailand, a young orphan girl named Dau (Suangporn Jaturaphut) is taught the ways of magic by her grandmother. But when the grandmother falls sick, Dau is lured to Bangkok to find work so that she can buy medicine. She finds herself working in a go-go bar, and her journey from naiveté to maturity is swift. She uses the magical skills her grandmother taught her to her advantage, but in doing so makes enemies within the bar. As her magic gets darker, and the consequences increasingly horrific, she gradually loses control, and something evil takes over.Weekly DVD & Blu-Ray Chopping List 20 October 2009 ==Cast== * Suangporn Jaturaphut as Dau/Aaw * Shaun Delaney as Rich Customer * John Kathrein as Customer * Chartchai Kongsiri as Policeman * Opal as Pookie * Pisamai Pakdeevijit as Grandmother * Supatra Roongsawang as New * Narisara Sairatanee as May * Amy Siriya as Mee ==References== ==External links== * * Category:2005 films Category:Thai-language films Category:Thai horror films Category:British horror films Category:2005 horror films Category:Films about magic Category:2000s British films
+P is a programming language for asynchronous event-driven programming and the IoT that was developed by Microsoft and University of California, Berkeley.Microsoft open-sources P language for IoT P enables programmers to specify systems consisting of a collection of state machines that communicate asynchronously in terms of events. P programs can run and be analyzed on any platform supported by .NET. Additionally, P programs can generate C# and C code. P is open source, licensed under MIT License, and available on GitHub. == See also == * Microsoft Research * Free software movement == References == == Further reading == * P: Safe asynchronous event-driven programming. Ankush Desai, Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, and Damien Zufferey. In Proceedings of ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI), 2013. * Systematic testing of asynchronous reactive systems. Ankush Desai, Shaz Qadeer, and Sanjit A. Seshia. In Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2015). * Building Reliable Distributed Systems With P. Ankush Desai, Ethan Jackson, Amar Phanishayee, Shaz Qadeer and Sanjit A. Seshia. University of California, Berkeley. Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2015-198. == External links == * * * P: Safe Asynchronous Event- Driven Programming * P: A programming language designed for asynchrony, fault- tolerance and uncertainty Category:Free and open-source software Category:Microsoft free software Category:Microsoft programming languages Category:Programming languages created in 2012 Category:Software using the MIT license Category:Systems programming languages Category:2012 software
+P. A. College of Engineering (P.A.C.E) is an engineering college located in Karnataka, India. It is situated at Konaje, 25 km from Mangalore. P.A.C.E was founded in 1999 by the Kerala-based businessman Dr. P.A. Ibrahim Haji. Approximately 1,450 engineering students graduate each year. ==About== The main building on the 60-acre campus was designed by Upalker Sadekar architects of Mumbai. The college was established with a sanctioned intake of 240 students per academic year; 60 students in each of four disciplines: Electronics and Communication, Telecommunications, Computer Science, and Information Science. Since then, three additional disciplines have been added - Mechanical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Civil Engineering. With these additions, the student intake per academic year doubled to 480 students. The Electronics and Communication, Biotechnology, Chemistry and Computer Science departments each have dedicated research centers. The trust continued its venture of establishing and running successful educational institutions. A Pre-University College was opened in the academic year 2005-06 with Science & Commerce streams having a combined student strength of 350. One of the factors of establishing this college was to have a feeder institution to the already established institution. The latest venture of the Trust is P.A. Polytechnic, which was established in 2006. P.A. Polytechnic offers Diploma education in Electronics & Communication, Electrical & Electronics, Civil Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering. In 2009 a Mechanical Engineering branch was added. The trust also runs hostels to house students. Boys live in one hostel, while girls live in another. Approximately 1,200 students are fed each day. The Trust has plans of continuing in the path of development turning the institutions into an autonomous and ultimately into a Deemed University. == UG courses == * B.E in Biotechnology (60 Intakes) * B.E in Civil Engineering (120 Intakes) * B.E in Computer Science and Engineering (120 Intakes) * B.E in Electrical Engineering (60 Intakes) * B.E in Electronics and Communication Engineering (120 Intakes) * B.E in Mechanical Engineering (180 Intakes) == PG courses == * M.Tech in Digital Communication Networks (18 Intakes) * M.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering (18 Intakes) * M.Tech in Thermal Engineering (18 Intakes) * M.Tech in VLSI Design (18 Intakes) * M.B.A (120 Intakes) == Research programme == * Bio-Technology * Chemistry * Electronics and Communication Engineering * Computer Science Engineering * Mechanical Engineering * Mathematics * Management Studies ==Research collaborations== *Institute of Chemistry : Research Centres: Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China *GenØk – Centre for Biosafety : Research Centres: University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway *University of Sains Malaysia (USM) : Research Centres: Malaysia Staff from different departments in PACE have collaborated with researchers in various Institutes and Universities in India and across the world that resulted in joint publications. Examples of such Institutes and Universities are Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia and BRAC University. ==Research clusters== * Drug Discovery (Synthesis and Biological Studies) * VLSI Design and Fuzzy Logic * High Performance Computing and Embedded Systems * Computational Fluid Dynamics * Flow in Jet and Turbo Jet Engines * Biotechnology ==Professional society chapters== * ISTE Student Chapter * CSI Student Chapter * IEEE Student Chapter * Linux Users Group (LUG) ==Awards and certifications== P.A.C.E. is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). It is affiliated with the Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU). The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) accredited the college in 2009. Several research grants have been awarded to the Department of Chemistry. P.A.C.E. has also been certified to the ISO 9001-2008. ==References== ==External links== * Category:Engineering colleges in Mangalore Category:Affiliates of Visvesvaraya Technological University
+The P B Lawrence Stakes, registered as the J J Liston Stakes, is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race held under weight for age conditions, for horses aged three years old and upwards, over a distance of 1400 metres, held at Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in August. Total prize money for the race is A$300,000. ==History== The inaugural running of the race in 1949 was run at Flemington Racecourse over a distance of one mile and was won by the English bred horse One Up. ===Name=== The race name from 1949 to 2010 was the J J Liston Stakes, named after J. J. Liston (a prominent horse owner and president of the Williamstown Race Club). In 2011 the race name was changed to honour Peter B. Lawrence, who served 12 years as Chairman of the MRC. ===Distance=== *1949-1964 – 1 mile (~1600m) *1965-1972 - 7 furlongs (~1400m) *1973 onwards – 1400 metres ===Grade=== *1949-1978 – Principal Race *1979 onwards Group 2 ===Venue=== *1949-1964 – Flemington Racecourse *1965-1983 – Sandown Park Racecourse * 1984 – Caulfield Racecourse *1985-1996 – Sandown Park Racecourse * 1997 – Caulfield Racecourse *1998-2001 – Sandown Park Racecourse *2002 onwards – Caulfield Racecourse ==Winners== * 2022 – Mr Brightside * 2021 – Sierra Sue * 2020 – Savatiano * 2019 – Mystic Journey * 2018 – Showtime * 2017 – Hartnell * 2016 – Miss Rose De Lago * 2015 – Mourinho * 2014 – Star Rolling * 2013 – Puissance De Lune * 2012 – Second Effort * 2011 – Whobegotyou * 2010 – Shoot Out * 2009 – Predatory Pricer * 2008 – Light Fantastic * 2007 – Apache Cat * 2006 – Pompeii Ruler * 2005 – Lad Of The Manor * 2004 – Regal Roller * 2003 – Super Elegant * 2002 – Sports * 2001 – Le Zagaletta * 2000 – Skoozi Please * 1999 – Inaflury * 1998 – Vonanne * 1997 – Happy Star * 1996 – Delsole * 1995 – Baryshnikov * 1994 – Mahogany * 1993 – Bundy Lad * 1992 – Jim's Mate * 1991 – Dr.Grace * 1990 – Sydeston * 1989 – Kairau Lad * 1988 – My Steely Dan * 1987 – Military Plume * 1986 – Luther's Luck * 1985 – King Delamere * 1984 – Bow Mistress * 1983 – Pleach * 1982 – Cobra * 1981 – Sovereign Red * 1980 – Grey Sapphire * 1979 – Waitangirua * 1978 – So Called * 1977 – Vice Regal * 1976 – Bold Mayo * 1975 – Wave King * 1974 – Brandy Balloon * 1973 – Zambari * 1972 – Tauto * 1971 – Tauto * 1970 – Regal Vista * 1969 – Maritana * 1968 – Winfreux * 1967 – Stellar Belle * 1966 – Tobin BronzeOfficial 1966 Result * 1965 – Samson * 1964 – Craftsman * 1963 – Nicopolis * 1962 – My Peak * 1961 – Anonyme * 1960 – My Peak * 1959 – Gay Saba * 1958 – Lord * 1957 – Syntax * 1956 – Cyklon King * 1955 – Cromis * 1954 – Clear Springs * 1953 – Bytact * 1952 – Ellerslie * 1951 – Chicquita * 1950 – Clement * 1949 – One Up ==See also== * List of Australian Group races * Group races ==References== Category:Horse races in Australia Category:Caulfield Racecourse
+P Battery (The Dragon Troop) is a battery of 5th Regiment, Royal Artillery in the Royal Regiment of Artillery. It currently serves in the Surveillance and Target Acquisition role and is equipped with weapon platform locating equipment, which include radar and sound ranging systems. ==History== The Rocket Troop Madras Horse Artillery was formed in 1805, at the request of the Madras Government and East India Company and it served in the Pindari and Mahratta Wars 1817–1819. It was re-designated as C Troop, Madras Horse Artillery in 1825. In 1840, the Troop was sent to China as part of an expeditionary force to fight in the First Opium War. Then in 1841, it provided artillery support for a combined land and sea force assaulted the formidable line of forts guarding the mouth of the Xi River, which cleared the way for an attack on Canton (now known as Guangzhou). For its contribution in the campaign, 'C' Troop was conferred the honorary title 'Dragon', and was given permission to include the Chineses dragon and the years '18401842' as part of its insignia. The Troop then served in the second Burma War between 1853 and 1855, and after much renaming, it became 'P' Battery Royal Horse Artillery in 1889. The Battery subsequently served in the Boer War 1900–1902 and as a training Battery during the First World War. The battery was part of M/P Battery in 3rd Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery (3 RHA) at the start of the Second World War and was equipped with the 2-pounder anti-tank guns. It latere became P battery, consisting of A, B and C troops at this time, still serving with 3rd RHA until the battery ceased to be part of the Regiment on 15 March 1941. After having its farewell dinner on 10 March, the higher regiment returned to the UK to be reformed as part of 6th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery (6 RHA). Many NCO's and men were absorbed by other Batteries of 3 RHA. The battery then served in 6 RHA, seeing service in Palestine, Libya and the Central Zone until 1951 and become 'P' Field Battery Royal Artillery in 1958. ==See also== *British Army *Royal Artillery *Royal Horse Artillery *List of Royal Artillery Batteries *Madras Horse Artillery Batteries ==References== ==Bibliography== * ==External links== * The Royal Artillery Association Category:Royal Artillery batteries Category:1816 establishments in British India Category:Military units and formations established in 1816
+P C K Prem (P C Katoch) is an Indian poet, novelist, short story writer, editor and critic, writing in English and Hindi. He is a former academician, civil servant, and member of the Himachal Public Service Commission, Shimla. ==Biography== P C K Prem (P C Katoch) born on 28 September 1945, at Garh Malkher, Palampur, Himachal, is an Indian Poet, novelist, short story writer, editor and critic writing in English and Hindi. He post-graduated from Panjab University, Chandigarh in 1970. He has one daughter Dr. Shivalik Katoch Pathania and a son P. Vikranta Jay Katoch. Presently, he lives with his wife Shakun in their farm at Palampur-176061, Himachal. ==Literary career== An author of more than fifty books in English and Hindi, P C K Prem, a former academician, civil servant and Member, Public Service Commission, Shimla, Himachal, has published nine collections of poetry, seven novels and two collections of short fiction in English. A few significant works on criticism are: Contemporary Indian English Poetry from Himachal (1992), English Poetry in India: A Comprehensive Survey of Trends and Thought-Patterns (2011), English Poetry in India: A Secular Viewpoint (2011), TEN Poetic Minds in Indian English Poetry and Time and Continuity (2016). Creative writings in Hindi include twenty novels, nine books on short fiction, one collection of poetry and criticism. He is a recipient of more than twenty literary/social awards including the prestigious HP State Guleri & Academy Awards, and Bharat Hindi Rattan Award. His critical articles on poetry and fiction have appeared in numerous anthologies. Many literary journals of International repute have also published his critiques on poetry and fiction. "Indeed, as a creative artist, PCK Prem has tremendous potential and vitality. In his writings he not only offers an exposé of our life in its shocking shallowness or outward show but also provides, down deep, a philosophical prop or basis to sustain our life", says Dr Atma Ram, former Director of Education and Advisor to the Government of Himachal. Prem's novel A Handsome Man was short-listed in the year 2002 for International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award. Moreover, Prem bagged Academy Award for his novel in Hindi, Sangyaheen ; Guleri Award for Vanshdaan, Bharat Hindi Ratan Award for contribution to Hindi Literature with special reference to KaalKhand. ==Published books in English== ===Poetry collection=== * Among the Shadows (1989), Narinder Publications, New Delhi * Enigmas of an Identity (1990), Rachna Publications, Rajpur, Palampur * Those Distant Horizons (1993), Abhinav Publication, New Delhi * The Bermuda Triangles (1996), Writers Workshop, Calcutta * Oracles of the Last Decade (1998), Writers Workshop, Calcutta * Rainbows at Sixty (2008), Prakash Book Depot, Bareilly * Of This Age and Obscurity and Other Poem (2011), Authorspress, New Delhi * Tales of Half-men and Other Poems (2014), Authorspress, New Delhi * Collage of Life (A collection of Poems) (2016), Authorspress, New Delhi * Yayati Returns & Other Poems (2017), The Poetry Society of India, Gurgaon * and the time chases -poems personal and impersonal Authorspress, New Delhi 2018 * Collected Poems of P C K PREM in Four Volumes, Authorspress, New Delhi 2020 ===Novels=== * Rainbows at Dawn (1991) Writers Workshop, Calcutta * A Night of Storms: Calcutta (1996), Writers Workshop, Calcutta * It Shall Be Green Again (1999), Writers Workshop, Calcutta * A Handsome Man (2001), Abhinav Publication, New Delhi * A Heart for the Man (2002), Book Enclave, Jaipur * Not Their Lives (2003) , Book Enclave, Jaipur ===Short story=== * Shadows at Dawn (1990), Writers Workshop, Calcutta * A Slinging Bag and other Stories (2011), Aavishkar Publishers, Jaipur * Areas of Hope (A Collection of Stories) (2018), Authorspress, New Delhi * Memorials and Other Stories ibid, 2020 ===Criticism=== * Contemporary Indian English Poetry from Himachal (1992), Konark Publishers, New Delhi * English Poetry in India: A Comprehensive Survey of Trends and Thought Patterns (2011), Authorspress, New Delhi * English Poetry in India: A Secular Viewpoint (2011), Aavishkar Publishers, Jaipur * Editor -Struggling for Life (A collection of Poems of Dr Mahendra Bhatnagar) (2015), New Delhi * Ten Poetic Minds in Indian English Poetry (2016), Authorspress, New Delhi * Time and Continuity (Twelve Contemporary Poets) (2016), Authorspress, New Delhi * History of Contemporary INDIAN ENGLISH POETRY -AN APPRAISAL VOLUME I, Authorspress New Delhi 2019 * History of Contemporary INDIAN ENGLISH POETRY -AN APPRAISAL VOLUME II, Authorspress New Delhi 2019 ===Ancient Literature=== * Light of Experience -Indian Literature and Universal Oneness (2013), Authorspress publication, New Delhi * Selected Tales from the Great Epic MAHABHARATA (Many have not read) (2014), Cyberwit.net. publication * Folk Tales from Himachal (2017), Authorspress, New Delhi * Folk Tales from the Northern Region of India (2017), Authorspress, New Delhi * THE LORD OF GODS VOLUME I (BASED ON SRIMAD BHAGAVATA MAHAPURANA) AUTHORSPRESS NEW DELHI 2019 * THE LORD OF GODS VOLUME II (BASED ON SRIMAD BHAGAVATA MAHAPURANA) AUTHORSPRESS NEW DELHI 2019 * As I Know - The Lord of the Mountains (Shiva Purana) Authorspress, Delhi 2021 ===Books on P C K Prem=== * P C K Prem –Echoing Time and Civilizations, Eds. Rob Harle, Sunil Sharma, Sangeeta Sharma, New Delhi: Authorspress Publication, 2015 * P C K Prem Ka Katha Sansar (The Fictional world of P C K Prem), Ed. Dr Jogindra Devi, Delhi: Nirmal Publications 2005 * P C K Prem –The Spirit of Age and Ideas in the novels of PCK Prem, Ed. Dr P V Laxmiprasad, New Delhi: Authorspress, 2016 ==Published books in Hindi== ===Poetry collection=== * Indradhanush Shabd Ho Gaye, Praveen Prakashan, Delhi 1992 ===Novels=== * Akash Mera Nahi, Praveen Prakashan, Delhi, 1988 * File Gawah Hai, Nalanda Prakashan, Delhi, 1988 * Dashansh, Anurag Prakashan, New Delhi, 1991 * Shankhnaad, Atma ram & Sons, Delhi, 1991 * Vishmoh, Rajesh Prakashan, Delhi, 1992 * Sangyaheen, Jagatram & Sons, Delhi, 1992 * Chhote Chhote Riste, Sanmarg Prakashan, Delhi, 1993 * KhudaHua Adami, Jawahar Prakashan, Delhi, 1993 * Vanshdaan, Sanmarg Prakashan, Delhi, 1994 * Itne Baras Baad, Nirmal Prakashan, Delhi, 1998 * Kaalkhand, Nirmal Prakashan, Delhi, 2000 [Five Volumes i.e. I. Aastha II. Manthan, III. Sangharsh, IV. Prayaschit, V. Pratishodh(2300 pages), (scholars of Hindi Literature consider it as one of the longest novels in Hindi)] * Adha Adhura Ek Din, Piyoosh Prakashan, Delhi, 1998 * Akash Aur Kauve, Bikram Prakahsan, Delhi, 2004 ===Short stories=== * Chhote Chhote Riste, Sanmarg Prakashan, Delhi, 1993 * Tinka Bhar Dard, Himachal Pustak Bhandar, Delhi, 1988 * Akritiaon Ke Beech, Archana Publication, Meerut, 1990 * Awaazedited, Himotkarsh Prakashan, Una, HP 1989 * Dhundh Me Ugte Sooraj, Rachna Publications, Palampur, 1990 * Riste, Bishanchand &Co.;, Delhi, 1998 * Chopal Khamosh Hai, Bishan chand & Company, 1998 * Teen Kadam Aur, Rajesh Prakashan, Delhi, 1999 *Bhule biserei Sandharva, 2019 Pushpaanjali Prakashan, Delhi 110053 ==References== ==Further reading== Articles on the works of P C K Prem: by D. C. Chambial * “Oracles of the Last Decade: Postcolonial Imaging of Human Suffering.” Postcolonial Readings in Indo-Anglian Literature. Ed. K.V. Dominic Delhi: Authorspress, 2009. Pages 57–63 Print. * “PCK Prem’s Monto: An Exposition of Political and Ideological Sham: A study in Text.” Yking concise Encyclopedia of Language, Literature and Culture: Eds. Satendra Kumar, Manoj Kumar. Jaipur: Yking Books Jaipur, 2014 print Pages 25–53 * “P. C. K. Prem’s Enigmas of Identity: Poems of Beauty and Hope.” The Complexities of the Inner World, Studies on Six Indian Poets in English- (Jayanta Mahapatra, Hazara Singh, P C K Prem, Gopikrishnan Kottor, Manas Bakshi, Chandramoni Narayanaswamy).Ed. K. V. Dominic New Delhi: Authorspress, 2012. Pages 88–101 Print * “P. C. K. Prem’s Monto: An Exposition of Political and Ideological Sham.” The Complexities of the Inner World, Studies on Six Indian Poets in English- (Jayanta Mahapatra, Hazara Singh, PCK Prem, Gopikrishnan Kottor, Manas Bakshi, Chandramoni Narayanaswamy). Ed. K. V. Dominic. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2012. Pages 102-134 Print by Jayshree Goswami and Mojibur Rahman. * “Shams are Conditions, False is your Pitying and You Think Wildly to Infuse a Concrete Meaning: The Dystopian Society of P. C. K. Prem.” The Complexities of the Inner World, Studies on Six Indian Poets in English. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2012. Pages 88–101 Print Pages 135-149 Print. by Jayshree Goswami * “When a Man Ailing Along/Waiting for a Meaning/Lost Long Ago” P. C. K. Prem: A Study in Culture.” The Complexities of the Inner World, Studies on Six Indian Poets in English. Ed. K. V. Dominic. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2012. Pages 150-169 Print by Aju Mukhopadhyay * “For P. C. K. Prem Life, Full of Delusion and Illusion, is Pathetic.” The Complexities of the Inner World, Studies on Six Indian Poets in English. Ibid. 191-198. Print. by Dr. Mallikarjun Patil * “P. C. K Prem’s A Night of Storms as a Psychological Novel.” New Aspects of Indian Writing in English Eds. Dr. M.F. Patel & Dr. B. K. Sharma, Jaipur: Sunrise Publishers & Distributors, 2010. Pages 83–89 Print * “P. C. K Prem’s A Night of Storms as a Psychological Novel.” Studies in Indian English Literature. Ed. Delhi: Sarup Book Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2010 Pages 280-286 Print by Dr. P.V. Laxmi Prasad * “Philosophical Realizations in the Poetry of P. C. K. Prem” The Complexities of the Inner World, Studies on Six Indian Poets in English. Pages 170-190 Print. * “Enigmas of Life in P. C. K. Prem’s Enigmas of An Identity.” Critical Evaluation of Contemporary Indian Poetry in English. Ed. K. V, Dominic. New Delhi: Access –an imprint of Authorspress, 2012 Pages 68–78 Print by V.V.B. Rama Rao * “Monto –A Fabulous Scoundrel: A Study of P. C, K. Prem’s Long Poem- Sensitivity and Cultural Multiplexity.” Recent Indian English Poetry. Jaipur: Aadi Publications, 2014 Pages 94–106 Print by T. Vasudeva Reddy * “Dynamics of Realism in the Poetry of P. C. K. Prem” The Complexities of the Inner World, Studies on Six Indian Poets in English. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2012. Pages 88–101 Print by Suman Sachar * “Prem’s Poetic Voice: A Search for Fusion through Confusion.” Indian English Poetry and Fiction (A Critical Evaluation). Eds. N. R, Gopal & Suman Sachar. Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors: 2000 Pages 178-184 Print by Dr. Sishupal Sehgal * “P. C. K. Prem’s Oracles of the Last Decade- Psychological Sufferings.” Critical Studies on Indian English Literature Volume 2 Jaipur: Mark Publishers 2010. Pages 250 -259 * “P. C. K. Prem’s Oracles of the Last Decade- Psychological Sufferings.” Critical Studies on Indian English Literature Volume 1 Jaipur: Pointer Publishers, 2010: Pages 163 -171 Print * “P. C. K. Prem’s Oracles of the Last Decade- Physical Sufferings.” Critical Studies on Indian English Literature. Volume 2 Jaipur: Mark Publishers 2010 Pages 218 -226 by Dr Arvind M. Nawale * "A Bureaucrat- turned Academician and a Creative Writer: The World of an IAS Officer and Passionate Poet: Literary Interview of P. C. K. Prem (P C Katoch). Ethics & Identity in Contemporary Indo-English Poetry. Eds. Capt. Dr Arvind M. Nawale, Dr Smita Jha, Dr Anindita Chatterjee. New Delhi: Authorspress, 2012. Pages 367-381 Print ==External links== * Biography at boloji.com Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:Indian male poets Category:English- language poets from India Category:Poets from Himachal Pradesh Category:English literature academics Category:People from Himachal Pradesh
+The Bayer designations p Carinae and P Carinae are distinct. *for p Carinae, see PP Carinae *for P Carinae, see V399 Carinae Carinae, p Category:Carina (constellation)
+Pegasus Company (also known as P Company or P Coy) is a training and selection organisation of the British Armed Forces based at the Infantry Training Centre, Catterick, North Yorkshire. P Coy run the 'Pre-Parachute Selection' courses for Parachute Regiment recruits and regular and reserve personnel from across the UK armed forces who volunteer to serve in a parachute role within 16 Air Assault Brigade. The current Officer Commanding (OC) Pegasus Company is Major Chris Braithwaite. == Background == Pre-Parachute Selection must be undertaken by all British Army candidates for parachute training who have not already undergone a strenuous form of training, such as UK Special Forces or the All Arms Commando Course. Training at P Coy culminates in a series of eight tests undertaken over a 5-day period (starting on a Wednesday and finishing on a Tuesday, with the weekend off). For recruits directly joining the Parachute Regiment, the tests are attempted at week 21 of training, All- Arms candidates attempt the tests after two and a half weeks of build-up training. Upon successful completion of the course, candidates participate in the Basic Parachute course which is conducted with assistance from the Parachute Training Support Unit (PTSU) on the base of RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire. == Eight Tests == All events are scored, except the trainasium event which is a straight pass or fail. The total score required to pass is 45, with 10 points (maximum) being awarded for each test. === 10 Miler === A march conducted as a squad over undulating terrain. Each candidate carries a 'bergen' backpack (not including water) and a rifle, which weighs 5kg. The march is to be completed in under 1 hour 50 minutes for Regulars, and 2 hours for Army Reserves. The event takes place on the Wednesday morning. === Trainasium === A unique assault course set above the ground, designed to test a candidate's suitability for military parachuting, and their ability to overcome fear and follow simple orders at considerable height. This is the only event which is a straight pass or fail; all the other events are scored. The event takes place on the Wednesday afternoon. === Log Race === A team event, in which eight people carry a log (a telegraph pole) weighing 60 kg over of undulating terrain. Candidates wear a helmet and webbing. This is supposed to be one of the hardest events. Points are awarded for determination, aggression and leadership. The event takes place on the Thursday morning. === Steeplechase === A timed cross-country run, with water obstacles, followed by an assault course. The steeplechase is to be completed wearing a helmet and boots. The march must be completed in 19 minutes, Army Reserve candidates have 20 minutes 30 seconds. The event takes place on the Thursday afternoon. === 2 Mile March === An individual effort over of undulating terrain, carrying a bergen (not including water), rifle, combat jacket, and helmet. Regular candidates have 18 minutes to complete the run, Army Reserve candidates have 19 minutes. The event takes place on the Friday morning. === 20 Mile Endurance March === A squadded march over the Catterick or Otterburn Training Areas. Candidates carry a bergen (not including water) and a rifle, which weighs 5kg. The march must be completed in under 4 hours and 30 minutes. Army Reserve candidates do not undertake this event. The event takes place on the Monday morning and afternoon. === Stretcher Race === Candidates are divided into teams of 12 people, and have to carry a stretcher over a distance of , each individual candidate wears a helmet, webbing and a slung rifle. No more than 4 candidates carry the stretcher at any given time, swapping round at regular intervals so that all candidates carry the stretcher for a certain distance. The event takes place on the Tuesday morning. === Milling === In this event, each candidate is paired with another of 'similar weight and build', and is given 60 seconds to demonstrate 'controlled physical aggression' in a milling contest - similar to boxing, except neither winning, losing, nor skill are pre-requisites of passing. Candidates are instead scored on their determination and aggression, while blocking and dodging result in points deducted. Candidates wear head guards, gum shields and boxing gloves. The event takes place on the Tuesday afternoon and is the final test of P Company before the beret parade where recruits, addressed as 'Joes' by training staff, find out whether they have passed and earned their Maroon Beret. == Women == In 2020, Capt Rosie Wild of 7 Para RHA became the first woman to pass All Arms Pre-Parachute Selection. In 2022, Pte Addy Carter of 16 Medical Regiment became the first female enlisted soldier to pass All Arms Pre-Parachute Selection. == References == == External links == * Category:British Army training Category:Military parachuting training Category:Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)
+P Cygni (34 Cygni) is a variable star in the constellation Cygnus. The designation "P" was originally assigned by Johann Bayer in Uranometria as a nova. Located about 5,300 light-years (1,560 parsecs) from Earth, it is a hypergiant luminous blue variable (LBV) star of spectral type B1-2 Ia-0ep that is one of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way. ==Visibility== The star is located about 5,000 to 6,000 light-years (1,500–1,800 parsecs) from Earth. Despite this vast distance, it is visible to the naked eye in suitable dark sky locations. It was unknown until the end of the 16th century, when it suddenly brightened to 3rd magnitude. It was first observed on 18 August (Gregorian) 1600 by Willem Janszoon Blaeu, a Dutch astronomer, mathematician and globe-maker. Bayer's atlas of 1603 assigned it the miscellaneous label P and the name has stuck ever since.Also noted in La stella nuova e peregrina comparsa l'anno 1600 sul petto del cigno, scoverta nuovamente (The new and strange star appeared in the year 1600 on the chest of the Cygnus (constellation), discovered again), by Giovanni Battista Hodierno, Published by Ignazio di Lazzari, Rome (1659). After six years the star faded slowly, dropping below naked-eye visibility in 1626. It brightened again in 1655, but had faded by 1662. Another outburst took place in 1665; this was followed by numerous fluctuations. Since 1715 P Cygni has been a fifth magnitude star, with only minor fluctuations in brightness. Today it has a magnitude of 4.8, irregularly variable by a few hundredths of a magnitude on a scale of days. The visual brightness is increasing by about 0.15 magnitude per century, attributed to a slow decrease in temperature at constant luminosity. P Cygni has been called a "permanent nova" because of spectral similarities and the obvious outflow of material, and was once treated with novae as an eruptive variable; however, its behaviour is no longer thought to involve the same processes associated with true novae. ==Luminous blue variable== P Cygni is widely considered to be the earliest known example of a luminous blue variable. However, it is far from a typical example. Typically, LBVs change in brightness with a period of years to decades, occasionally hosting outbursts where the brightness of the star increases dramatically. P Cygni has been largely unvarying both in brightness and spectrum since a series of large outbursts in the 17th century. Similar events have been seen in Eta Carinae and possibly a handful of extra-galactic objects. P Cygni does show evidence for previous large eruptions around 900, 2,100, and possibly 20,000 years ago. In more recent centuries, it has been very slowly increasing in visual magnitude and decreasing in temperature, which has been interpreted as the expected evolutionary trend of a massive star towards a red supergiant stage. ==Evolution== Luminous blue variables like P Cygni are very rare and short lived, and only form in regions of galaxies where intense star formation is happening. LBV stars are so massive and energetic (typically 50 times the mass of the Sun and tens of thousands of times more luminous) that they exhaust their nuclear fuel very quickly. After shining for only a few million years (compared to several billion years for the Sun) they erupt in a supernova. The recent supernova SN 2006gy was likely the end of an LBV star similar to P Cygni but located in a distant galaxy. P Cygni is thought to be in the hydrogen shell burning phase immediately after leaving the main sequence. It has been identified as a possible type IIb supernova candidate in modelling of the fate of stars 20 to 25 times the mass of the Sun (with LBV status as the predicted final stage beforehand). ==P Cygni profile== P Cygni gives its name to a type of spectroscopic feature called a P Cygni profile, where the presence of both absorption and emission in the profile of the same spectral line indicates the existence of a gaseous envelope expanding away from the star. The emission line arises from a dense stellar wind near to the star, while the blueshifted absorption lobe is created where the radiation passes through circumstellar material rapidly expanding in the direction of the observer. These profiles are useful in the study of stellar winds in many types of stars. They are often cited as an indicator of a luminous blue variable star, although they also occur in other types of star. In P Cygni itself, the size of the stellar wind H-alpha emission region is milli- arcseconds. At the distance of 1,600 parsecs this is a physical size of approximately 25 stellar radii. ==Companion== It has been proposed P Cygni's eruptions could be caused by mass transfer to a hypothetical companion star of spectral type B that would have a mass between 3 and 6 times the mass of the Sun and would orbit P Cygni each 7 years in a high eccentricity orbit. Infall of matter into the secondary star would produce the release of gravitational energy, part of which would cause an increase of the luminosity of the system. ==References== ==External links== * Spectrum * AAVSO Variable Star of the Month. P Cygni: September 2009 Category:Cygnus (constellation) Cygni, P Cygni, 34 193237 100044 Category:Luminous blue variables Category:B-type hypergiants Category:B-type supergiants 7763 16000818 BD+37 3871
+P D'Mello Road is a 6 km long arterial north–south access road in Mumbai. P D'Mello Road is the name of the 6 km stretch between the south-end of the Eastern Freeway and the north-end of the Colaba Causeway. The road comes under Mumbai's B Ward. , daily traffic on the road averaged of 22,600 vehicles. ==History== The road has been named in honour of the socialist trade union leader Placid D’Mello. D'Mello, who hailed from the Belman Parish in the erstwhile South Canara District , was a trade union leader who organised workers in Bombay. He was the founder of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Mazdoor Union (MMU), BEST Workers Union, Taximen's Union, Transport and Dock Workers Union as well as the All India Port and Dock Workers Federation. D'Mello was also a mentor of George Fernandes. On 23 January 2006, The Times of India reported that the State Government had decided to concretise, widen and remove slums from P D'Mello Road, as part of ongoing road improvements in Mumbai. The BMC began clearing slums in May 2007. The road was widened and the footpath was made narrower in an effort to keep the shanties from being rebuilt. The total cost for the widening was estimated to be . ==References== Category:Roads in Mumbai
+p Eridani is a binary star system in the constellation of Eridanus (the River) whose distance from the Sun is 26.7 light-years based upon parallax. It was found to be a double star in December 1825 by James Dunlop in Australia at his home at Paramatta, now spelt Parramatta. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued star. The system is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of about . This system consists of a pair of near identical K-type main-sequence stars with stellar classifications of K2V. Component A has visual magnitude 5.87, while component B is magnitude 5.76. They orbit each other with a period of 475.2 years, an eccentricity of 0.53, and a semimajor axis of . __NOTOC__ == Naming == The name "p Eridani", according to Nature, p. 589 (19 April 1883) has been "occasionally miscalled 6 Eridani, which would imply that it was one of Flamsteed's stars. Flamsteed, it is true has a star which he calls 6 Eridani. The designated letter 'p' was attached to a star by Lacaille in the catalogue at the end of his Coelum Australe Stelliferum. The number '6' is merely borrowed from Bode." The use of Bode numbers was commonly used in the early 19th century, but this antiquated system has now fallen into disuse for more than a century. == See also == * List of star systems within 25–30 light-years == References == == External links == * Category:K-type main-sequence stars Eridani, p Category:Binary stars Category:Eridanus (constellation) Eridani, p CD-56 00328 Eridani, 6 0066 010360/1 007751 0486/7
+P Gay Mountain is a mountain located in Adirondack Mountains of New York located in the Town of Indian Lake east of Indian Lake. ==References== Category:Mountains of Hamilton County, New York Category:Mountains of New York (state)
+P Henderson & Company, also known as Paddy Henderson, was a ship owning and management company based in Glasgow, Scotland and operating to Burma. Patrick Henderson started business in Glasgow as a merchant at the age of 25 in 1834. He had three brothers. Two were merchants working for an agent in the Italian port of Leghorn; the third, George, was a sea captain with his own ship. The brothers together invested in their first ship, the Peter Senn, and the business grew from there. Patrick died in 1841, and the business was taken over by his brother, Captain George Henderson. In 1848, George took into partnership a young man of outstanding ability, James Galbraith, who expanded the business from merchants, to ship owners and ship managers. The Company started trading to New Zealand in 1854 with sailing ships carrying Scottish emigrants, and the Royal Mail. ==Albion Shipping Company== In 1860, there being little cargo from New Zealand to Scotland, P Henderson & Co started to call at Burma with a regular service. This trade grew so quickly that in order to raise further capital, several new partners came in to form the Albion Shipping Company Ltd as ship owners. The vessels were managed by P. Henderson & Co. The Albion Shipping Company became the dominant British company in the New Zealand trade, and holders of the mail contract. In 1869 the Suez Canal was opened, making steamships more economic on the Glasgow – Burma route, so in 1870 P. Henderson & Co. started a steamship service between Glasgow, Liverpool and Burma. No mail contract was available on this route as all mail went via India. In 1874 the British and Burmese Steam Navigation Company Ltd (BBSN) was formed to increase the capital and spread the risk of the Burmese side of the business as it grew from the era of sailing ships into more expensive and much larger steamships. BBSN took over the fleet of steamships on the Burma route, and appointed P Henderson and Co as managing agents. Most of the shares in the new company were taken up by P Henderson partners and their associates. Ships' Masters were encouraged to take shares. Peter Denny took about a fifth of the capital. 1882 saw P. Henderson and Co. pioneer the first frozen meat shipment from New Zealand to London. It used refrigerated sailing ships, because as yet there were no coaling stations en route, and without them a steamship would have to have such large coal bunkers that they would take up too much valuable cargo space. ==Shaw, Savill & Albion Line== Nevertheless, steam propulsion increased trading possibilities and capital requirements that were beyond the capabilities of P. Henderson or the Albion Shipping Company to fulfil on their own, and so in 1882, the Albion Shipping Company amalgamated with Shaw Savill and Company to form the Shaw, Savill and Albion Company Ltd. After the amalgamation, P. Henderson & Co remained as managers and loading brokers for the new company in Glasgow. British and Burmese Steam Navigation Company Ltd remained as a shipowning company along with another member of the group, the Burmah Steam Ship Company Ltd. James Galbraith, the driving force of P. Henderson & Co, died in 1884. His death marked the end of an era of private capital, of pioneering and of expansion into unknown countries and technologies. ==P Henderson ships lost== In 1905 a P Henderson steamship, the cargo ship , ran aground and was wrecked off Maulmain in Burma. Henderson's quickly replaced the ship with a new built the following year, but the new ship's career was cut short in the First World War, when she disappeared in January 1917 with the loss of all 92 persons aboard. There is no Imperial German Navy record of her sinking, but she is presumed to have been sunk off the south coast of Ireland. That year P Henderson lost one more ship to enemy action. On 8 July 1917 the U-boat torpedoed the passenger and cargo ship off the south coast of Ireland. Fortunately all but one of those aboard survived. Just after the Armistice with Germany P Henderson lost another ship: on 19 December 1918 the passenger and cargo ship was destroyed by fire in Rangoon. In the 1920s and '30s P Henderson had a number of new ships built, including a new in 1921. P Henderson suffered greater losses in the Second World War. On 24 November 1939 the Pegu ran around in the area of the Crosby Channel off Liverpool. She broke her back and was wrecked in separate bow and stern sections. On 13 July 1940 the German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis sank the passenger and cargo liner Kemmendine in the middle of the Indian Ocean by shellfire. On 9 April 1942 the passenger ship was in Trincomalee in Ceylon when aircraft from a Japanese aircraft carrier attacked her and set her afire. Her crew abandoned ship and then she was sunk by shellfire. The Sagaing was raised by the Sri Lankan Eastern Naval Command unit in March 2018. On 1 August 1942 the cargo ship collided with the Dutch liner off the coast of South Africa. Kalewa sank but Boringia survived the collision and rescued everyone aboard. P Henderson's heaviest losses were in 1943. On 2 April the sank the cargo ship by torpedo off the coast of Portugal, killing six of her crew. On 9 May sank the cargo and passenger ship by torpedo off the coast of West Africa, killing all 66 people aboard. On 17 June sank the passenger ship in the Mediterranean. Yoma had been converted into a troopship, and the sinking killed 484 people. On 24 July sank the cargo ship by torpedo off the coast of Brazil, killing two members of the crew. ==Elder, Dempster Lines== Elder, Dempster Lines chartered P Henderson's fleet from 1947 and took over the company in 1952. Under Elder, Dempster modernisation of the P Henderson fleet continued, with new motor ships being delivered until at least 1961. In 1965 Ocean Steamship Co acquired control of the Elder, Dempster group. In 1967 after the Six-Day War Egypt closed the Suez Canal, so Ocean SS Co discontinued the Burma route and transferred Henderson's last three ships to Elder, Dempster. By 1970 all stock had been transferred to Elder, Dempster and the Henderson name vanished from the shipping trade. ==See also== * Irrawaddy Flotilla Company * SR Merchant Navy Class 35009 Shaw Savill – steam locomotive named after the shipping company ==References== ==External links== *P. Henderson & Co House Flag *National Archives Listing Category:Companies based in Glasgow Category:Defunct companies of Scotland Category:Scotland and the British Empire Category:Shipping companies of Scotland
+P Is for Pterodactyl: The Worst Alphabet Book Ever is a children's picture book written by Raj Haldar and Chris Carpenter and illustrated by Maria Tina Beddia. It showcases "English words with silent letters and bizarre spellings." The book was published by Sourcebooks Jabberwocky on November 13, 2018. It peaked at number 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list in the category for children's picture books. It has sold more than 210,000 copies. ==Publication== The idea for P Is for Pterodactyl originally came in 2016. Following the release of his album Ritualize, rapper Raj Haldar, whose stage name is Lushlife, celebrated with his friends. A friend's child brought some alphabet flash cards with him. Haldar and his friend Chris Carpenter, a software engineer, came up with the idea for the alphabet book. Artist Maria Tina Beddia joined the project at the recommendation of another mutual friend. Before the book found a publisher, there were a handful of rejections. Eventually, Sourcebooks Jabberwocky picked up the book. The book was published on November 13, 2018. ==Reception== The book was included on The New York Times "Standout New Picture Books" list on October 19, 2018. Maria Russo wrote: "You can curse the English language for its insane spelling rules (or lack thereof), or you can delight in it, as this raucous trip through the odd corners of our alphabet does." On November 6, 2018, a week before the book was published, a children's book website Imagination Soup praised the book on a Facebook post. The post went viral and gained over 4,000 comments. The book sold out of its first print run of 10,800 copies the day it was published. On December 30, 2018, the book reached number 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list in the category for children's picture books. It remained in the top ten books on that list for 18 weeks. ==Sequel== In 2020, the sequel, No Reading Allowed: The Worst Read-Aloud Book Ever, was released by Sourcebooks Explore. ==References== ==External links== * P Is for Pterodactyl at Sourcebooks Category:2018 children's books Category:Alphabet books Category:Sourcebooks books Category:American picture books
+P Is the Funk is the second installment of the George Clinton Family Series collection. The album was released in 1992 by P-Vine Records in Japan, and then was released later in the same year by AEM Records in the United States and Sequel Records in the United Kingdom. The album contains notable tracks such as the first song ever recorded by the Brides of Funkenstein entitled "Love Is Something" featuring P-Funk lead guitarist Eddie Hazel, as well radio commercials for the Ultra Wave album by Bootsy Collins. As with all of the Family Series CD's, George Clinton supplies background information of all of the songs featured on the CD (Track 11) ==Track listing and personnel== Clone Communicado *Artist: Funkadelic (1976) Producer: George Clinton *Drums: Tiki Fulwood *Guitar: Garry Shider, Glen Goins, Michael Hampton, Eddie Hazel *Keyboard: Bernie Worrell *Vocals: Dr. Funkenstein (Archie Ivy), Ron Ford, Funkadelic Does Disc Go with D.A.T. (Simon Says) *Artist: Parliament (1979) Producer: George Clinton, Ron Dunbar *Drums: Dennis Chambers *Bass: Donnie Sterling *Guitar: Gordon Carlton *Clavinet: Bernie Worrell *Horns: Horny Horns *Vocals: Lonnie Greene, Ron Dunbar, Donnie Sterling *Background Vocals: Parliament, Brides, Parlet Shove On *Artist: Jimmy G (1981) Producer: George Clinton, Ron Ford *Drums: Dean Ragland *Bass: Jimmy Giles *Guitar: Ron Ford *Piano: David Lee Chong *Fender Rhodes: David Lee Chong *Lead Vocals: Jimmy Giles *Background Vocals: Parlet, Ron Ford Rock Jam *Artist: Ron Ford (1980) Producer: Ron Ford, George Clinton *Background Vocals: Brides, Parlet *Drums: Dean Ragland *Guitar, Bass: Ron Ford *Keyboards: David Spradley Love Is Something *Artist: Brides of Funkenstein (1977) Producer: George Clinton *Drums: Tiki Fulwood *Bass: Billy "Bass" Nelson *Guitar: Jim Callon, Eddie Hazel *Clavinet, Synth: Bernie Worrell *Vocals: Eddie Hazel, Brides of Funkenstein, Jim Callon *Sax Solo: Darryl Dixon Every Booty (Get On Down) *Artist: Parliament (1979) Producer: Bootsy Collins, George Clinton *Drums: Frankie Waddy *Bass: Bootsy Collins *Guitar: Bootsy Collins, Michael Hampton *Keyboards: Bernie Worrell, Mudbone Cooper *Clavinet, Organ: Maceo Parker *Horns: Horny Horns *Percussion: Larry Fratangelo *Vocals: Funkadelic Personal Problems *Artist: Treylewd (1981) Producer: George Clinton *Drums: Tony Davis *Bass: Stevie Pannall *Guitars: Andre Williams *Vocals: Tracey Lewis, Andre "Foxxe" Williams Bubble Gum Gangster *Artist: Ron Ford (1981) Producer: Ron Ford, George Clinton *Drums: Man In The Box *Bass: Ron Ford *Keyboards: David Spradley *Guitars: Ron Ford *Background Vocal: Brides, Parlet She's Crazy *Artist: Jerome & Jimmy Ali (1980) *Guitars: Jerome Ali *Bass: Jimmy Ali *Drums: Dennis Chambers Think Right *Artist: Parlet & Brides of Funkenstein (1980) Producer: Ron Ford, George Clinton *Drums: Kenny Colton *Guitar: Tony Thomas, Michael Hampton *Keyboards: Nestro Wilson *Bass: Ron Ford *Vocals: Parlet In the Cabin of My Uncle Jam (P Is the Funk) *Artist: Funkadelic (1979) Producer: George Clinton *Drums: Kenny Colton *Bass: Jeff "Cherokee" Bunn *Guitars: Kevin Oliver, Garry Shider, Michael Hampton, Glen Goins, Eddie Hazel *Keyboards: Gary Hudgins, Bernie Worrell *Vocals: Ron Ford, Dr. Funkenstein, Archie Ivey, Nene My Love *Artist: Jessica Cleaves (1981) Producer: George Clinton, Ron Dunbar *Vocals: Jessica Cleaves Interview *The Family Commercials *George Clinton *Bootsy Collins Category:George Clinton (funk musician) albums Category:1993 albums
+The P J Bell Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies having set weights with penalties conditions, over a distance of 1200 metres, held annually at Randwick Racecourse in Sydney, Australia in the autumn during the ATC Championships series. Total prize money for the race is A$200,000. ==History== The race was inaugurated in 1985 and was named after the Champion mare Analie, who won the 1973 Doncaster Handicap and AJC Oaks. It was renamed in honour of the former Chairman of the Australian Turf Club, P J (Jim) Bell (1921-2006), who was chairman from November 1983 to 1992. ===Name=== *1985-1994 - Analie Handicap *1995-2009 - P J Bell Handicap *2010 - McGrath Estate Stakes * 2011 onwards - P J Bell Stakes ===Grade=== *1985-2013 - Listed Race *2014 onwards - Group 3 ===Venue=== *2011-2013 - Canterbury Park Racecourse *2014 onwards - Randwick Racecourse ==Winners== * 2022 - Heresy * 2021 - Matchmaker * 2020 - Rubisaki * 2019 - Multaja * 2018 - Houtzen * 2017 - Diddums * 2016 - Tempt Me Not *2015 - Miss Cover Girl *2014 - Politeness *2013 - Catkins *2012 - Ever The Same *2011 - Red Tracer *2010 - Zingaling *2009 - Ortensia *2008 - Espurante *2007 - Hot 'n' Ready *2006 - Kakakakatie *2005 - Rich Megadale *2004 - Besame Mucho *2003 - Private Steer *2002 - Oomph *2001 - She's Purring *2000 - Mulan Princess *1999 - Wynciti *1998 - Flickering Fire *1997 - Dane Ripper *1996 - Presina *1995 - Verocative *1994 - Hot To Race *1993 - Snippet's Girl *1992 - Regina Madre *1991 - Peignoir *1990 - Reverse Pass *1989 - St. Bridget's Well *1988 - Bronze Empress *1987 - Winged Prayer *1986 - Sweet Dream Lady *1985 - Deal Notes: * Date of race rescheduled due to postponement of the Easter Saturday meeting because of the heavy track conditions. The meeting was moved to Easter Monday, 6 April 2015. ==See also== * List of Australian Group races * Group races ==External links== * P J Bell Stakes (ATC) ==References== Category:Horse races in Australia
+Palliyulla Kariat Abdulla Koya (P K Abdulla Koya) (born 13 February 1957) is an NRI entrepreneur from Abu Dhabi and Garshom Award winner. He is the founder and chairman of the AKNOVEL Group. Abdulla Koya has helped over 50,000 people across country to gain self-employment. ==Early life== Abdulla Koya was born in Calicut, a well known coastal town and an important trade center in North Kerala. He is the third son of the late Kasmi Koya and Beevi. He was forced to find out small jobs as daily wages to support his family. He worked hard in several sectors for earning the minimum to help his family. In 1978, Abdulla Koya arrived in United Arab Emirates. ==Personal life== Abdulla Koya is married to Nazeema and has four children – Noora, Majidha, Ahamed Zayed and Shymah. ==Career history== Abdulla Koya has established his name in the stamp field with his branded products Sun Stamper with Japanese Technology during 1998 by providing products to the common business segment by associating with international manufactures and ADDPRINT stepped into the forefront of Stamp business within a short time. Koya entered the supply of telecommunication equipment, in the telecom and Power Project field through MELTRAX Electro Mechanical & communication system. His Other notable diversification are M/S National Tile Works, Beta Granite (P) Ltd, Walayar steels, Musou Micro Flash Foams Pvt Ltd., Crest Wood. Koya is also the director of CARE (The Cancer and Allied Ailments Research) Foundation. ==Philanthropy== Currently, he is the Vice Chairman of MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute. He has done various philanthropic activities across India. ==Awards== * Garshom International Award 2018 == References == Category:Garshom Awardees Category:Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates Category:1957 births Category:Living people Category:People from Abu Dhabi Category:Emirati people of Malayali descent Category:Businesspeople from Kozhikode Category:Businesspeople from Kerala
+Puliyakot Keshava Menon (1917 - 22 October 1979) was an Indian mathematician best known as Director of the Joint Cipher Bureau.Puliyakot Kesava Menon (1917-1979) (Bull. Math. Assoc. India 18 (1986), no. 1-4, 21-24) His sudden demise on 22 October 1979, ended active research in the areas of number theory, combinatorics, algebra and cryptography. ==Early life== P. Kesava Menon was born (1917) in Alathur, which is now part of the Palakkad District of Kerala state in India. His mother, Devaky Amma, hailed from the Kunissery Puliyakot family and, as per custom, Kesava Menon took his family name from his mother. His father, A K Krishnan Unni Kartha, hailed from Aiyiloor in the Palghat district. Menon grew up on Alathur under his uncle's supervision and hence his primary and high school education was conducted in modest surrounding at Alathur itself. ==Higher education== As was the custom for bright students from landed families those days, Menon had to travel to Madras city and join the Madras Christian College for his higher studies. There, he completed his MA in Mathematics and was awarded a scholarship to pursue research under the guidance of Prof R Vaidyanathaswamy. In 1941, the University of Madras awarded him a MSc Degree with a thesis entitled "Contributions to the theory of multiplicative arithmetic functions". ==Educator== Thereafter he was appointed lecturer at the Annamalai University, where he served for two years, before joining the staff of Madras Christian College again as a professor and warden of Seliyur Hall. He was devoted to his research work along with teaching, and, in 1948, he submitted his dissertation on "Contributions to the theory of numbers" for which he was conferred the highest and rarest degree of Doctor of Science (DSc). He theorized and published the classical inequality theory, which is today known as "Kesava Menon's classical inequality theorem" He published a paper on the subject of the continued fraction of the mathematician Ramanujan, as noted here in the Journal of the London Mathematical Society ==See also== *Menon design *Menon's identity ==References== Category:People from Palakkad district Category:1917 births Category:1979 deaths Category:Academic staff of Annamalai University Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians Category:Scientists from Kerala Category:Indian number theorists

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+S, or s, is the nineteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ess (pronounced ), plural esses."S", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "ess," op. cit. ==History== ===Origin=== Northwest Semitic šîn represented a voiceless postalveolar fricative (as in 'ip'). It originated most likely as a pictogram of a tooth () and represented the phoneme via the acrophonic principle."corresponds etymologically (in part, at least) to original Semitic ṯ (th), which was pronounced s in South Canaanite" Albright, W. F., "The Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from Sinai and their Decipherment," Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 110 (1948), p. 15. The interpretation as "tooth" is now prevalent, but not entirely certain. The Encyclopaedia Judaica of 1972 reported that the letter represented a "composite bow". Ancient Greek did not have a phoneme, so the derived Greek letter sigma () came to represent the voiceless alveolar sibilant . While the letter shape Σ continues Phoenician šîn, its name sigma is taken from the letter samekh, while the shape and position of samekh but name of šîn is continued in the xi. Within Greek, the name of sigma was influenced by its association with the Greek word (earlier ) "to hiss". The original name of the letter "sigma" may have been san, but due to the complicated early history of the Greek epichoric alphabets, "san" came to be identified as a separate letter, Ϻ.Woodard, Roger D. (2006). "Alphabet". In Wilson, Nigel Guy. Encyclopedia of ancient Greece. London: Routldedge. p. 38. Herodotus reports that "San" was the name given by the Dorians to the same letter called "Sigma" by the Ionians."" ('...the same letter, which the Dorians call "San", but the Ionians "Sigma"...'; Herodotus, Histories 1.139); cf. Nick Nicholas, Non-Attic letters . The Western Greek alphabet used in Cumae was adopted by the Etruscans and Latins in the 7th century BC, over the following centuries developing into a range of Old Italic alphabets including the Etruscan alphabet and the early Latin alphabet. In Etruscan, the value of Greek sigma (𐌔) was maintained, while san (𐌑) represented a separate phoneme, most likely (transliterated as ś). The early Latin alphabet adopted sigma, but not san, as Old Latin did not have a phoneme. The shape of Latin S arises from Greek Σ by dropping one out of the four strokes of that letter. The (angular) S-shape composed of three strokes existed as a variant of the four-stroke letter Σ already in the epigraphy in Western Greek alphabets, and the three and four strokes variants existed alongside one another in the classical Etruscan alphabet. In other Italic alphabets (Venetic, Lepontic), the letter could be represented as a zig- zagging line of any number between three and six strokes. The Italic letter was also adopted into Elder Futhark, as Sowilō (), and appears with four to eight strokes in the earliest runic inscriptions, but is occasionally reduced to three strokes () from the later 5th century, and appears regularly with three strokes in Younger Futhark. ===Long s=== The minuscule form ſ, called the long s, developed in the early medieval period, within the Visigothic and Carolingian hands, with predecessors in the half-uncial and cursive scripts of Late Antiquity. It remained standard in western writing throughout the medieval period and was adopted in early printing with movable types. It existed alongside minuscule "round" or "short" s, which was at the time only used at the end of words. In most Western orthographies, the ſ gradually fell out of use during the second half of the 18th century, although it remained in occasional use into the 19th century. In Spain, the change was mainly accomplished between 1760 and 1766. In France, the change occurred between 1782 and 1793. Printers in the United States stopped using the long s between 1795 and 1810. In English orthography, the London printer John Bell (1745–1831) pioneered the change. His edition of Shakespeare, in 1785, was advertised with the claim that he "ventured to depart from the common mode by rejecting the long 'ſ' in favor of the round one, as being less liable to error....."Stanley Morison, A Memoir of John Bell, 1745–1831 (1930, Cambridge Univ. Press) page 105; Daniel Berkeley Updike, Printing Types, Their History, Forms, and Use – a study in survivals (2nd. ed, 1951, Harvard University Press) page 293. The Times of London made the switch from the long to the short s with its issue of 10 September 1803. Encyclopædia Britannica's 5th edition, completed in 1817, was the last edition to use the long s. In German orthography, long s was retained in Fraktur (Schwabacher) type as well as in standard cursive (Sütterlin) well into the 20th century, and was officially abolished in 1941. Order of 3 January 1941 to all public offices, signed by Martin Bormann. The ligature of ſs (or ſz) was retained, however, giving rise to the Eszett , in contemporary German orthography. ==Use in writing systems== The letter is the seventh most common letter in English and the third-most common consonant after and . It is the most common letter for the first letter of a word in the English language. In English and several other languages, primarily Western Romance ones like Spanish and French, final is the usual mark of plural nouns. It is the regular ending of English third person present tense verbs. represents the voiceless alveolar or voiceless dental sibilant in most languages as well as in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It also commonly represents the voiced alveolar or voiced dental sibilant , as in Portuguese mesa (table) or English 'rose' and 'bands', or it may represent the voiceless palato-alveolar fricative , as in most Portuguese dialects when syllable-finally, in Hungarian, in German (before , ) and some English words as 'sugar', since yod-coalescence became a dominant feature, and , as in English 'measure' (also because of yod-coalescence), European Portuguese Islão (Islam) or, in many sociolects of Brazilian Portuguese, esdrúxulo (proparoxytone) in some Andalusian dialects, it merged with Peninsular Spanish and and is now pronounced . In some English words of French origin, the letter is silent, as in 'isle' or 'debris'. In Turkmen, represents . The digraph for English arises in Middle English (alongside ), replacing the Old English digraph. Similarly, Old High German was replaced by in Early Modern High German orthography. ==Related characters== ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== *ſ : Latin letter long s, an obsolete variant of s *ẜ ẝ : Various forms of long s were used for medieval scribal abbreviations *ẞ ß : German Eszett or "sharp S", derived from a ligature of long s followed by either s or z *S with diacritics: Ś ś Ṡ ṡ ẛ Ṩ ṩ Ṥ ṥ Ṣ ṣ S̩ s̩ Ꞩ ꞩ Ꟊꟊ Ŝ ŝ Ṧ ṧ Š š Ş ş Ș ș S̈ s̈ ᶊ Ȿ ȿ ᵴ ᶳ *ₛ : Subscript small s was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 *ˢ : Modifier letter small s is used for phonetic transcription *ꜱ : Small capital S was used in the Icelandic First Grammatical Treatise to mark gemination *Ʂ ʂ : S with hook, used for writing Mandarin Chinese using the early draft version of pinyin romanization during the mid-1950s *Ƨ ƨ : Latin letter reversed S (used in Zhuang transliteration) * 𝼩 : Latin small letter s with mid-height left hook was used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language. *IPA- specific symbols related to S: * Para-IPA version of the IPA fricative ɕ: 𝼞 𐞺 *Ꞅ ꞅ : Insular S *Ꟗ ꟗ : Used in Middle Scots *Ꟙ ꟙ : Latin letter Sigmoid S was used in medieval palaeography ===Derived signs, symbols, and abbreviations=== *$ : Dollar sign *₷ : Spesmilo *§ : Section sign *℠ : Service mark symbol *∫ : Integral symbol, short for summation (derived from long s) ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== * 𐤔 : Semitic letter Shin, from which the following symbols originally derive **archaic Greek Sigma could be written with different numbers of angles and strokes. Besides the classical form with four strokes (), a three-stroke form resembling an angular Latin S () was commonly found, and was particularly characteristic of some mainland Greek varieties including Attic and several "red" alphabets. ***Σ: classical Greek letter Sigma ****Ϲ ϲ: Greek lunate sigma ***** : Coptic letter sima *****С с : Cyrillic letter Es, derived from a form of sigma ***𐌔 : Old Italic letter S, includes the variants also found in the archaic Greek letter ****S: Latin letter S **** : Runic letter sowilo, which is derived from Old Italic S ***: Gothic letter sigil * Ս : Armenian letter Se ==Computing codes== : 1 ==Other representations== ==Chemistry== The letter S is used: * In a chemical formula to represent sulfur. For example, is sulfur dioxide. * In the preferred IUPAC name for a chemical, to indicate a specific enantiomer. For example, "(S)-2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid" is one of the enantiomers of mecoprop. ==See also== * Cool S * See about Ⓢ in Enclosed Alphanumerics ==Notes== == References == ==External links== * * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters
+The S & S Sandwich Shop (also known as the S&S; Diner and the S & S Restaurant) is a historic site in Miami, Florida. It is located at 1757 Northeast 2nd Avenue. On January 4, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.Historic Preservation Miami The small-scale, Art Deco building was constructed in 1938 and includes a facade of pigmented structural glass and aluminum arranged in horizontal and vertical bands of beige, white, and red. In 2017, the restaurant was evicted from the building, and the S & S Diner resumed at a nearby location. ==References== ==External links== * Dade County listings at National Register of Historic Places * Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs ** Dade County listings ** S & S Restaurant and Deli Category:Buildings and structures in Miami Category:National Register of Historic Places in Miami Category:Restaurants in Miami Category:Restaurants on the National Register of Historic Places Category:1938 establishments in Florida Category:Restaurants established in 1938 es:Iglesia de San Juan el Bautista (Miami)
+S & W Cafeteria is a historic S & W Cafeteria building located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District of Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina, USA. It was designed by the architect Douglas Ellington and built in 1929. It is a three-story, brick building in the Art Deco style. The front facade is sheathed in grey ashlar and features polychrome ornamentation and exotic stylistic motifs. In 1974, the S & W Cafeteria moved to the Asheville Mall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. In 2019, renovations began for the historic building to house S&W; Market, a food hall and event venue. S&W; Market opened in June 2021. ==References== ==External links== * Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina Category:Art Deco architecture in North Carolina Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1929 Category:Buildings and structures in Asheville, North Carolina Category:National Register of Historic Places in Buncombe County, North Carolina Category:Historic district contributing properties in North Carolina
+S is the second extended play (EP) by American singer SZA; it was self- released on April 10, 2013. After meeting members of independent label Top Dawg and releasing her debut EP See.SZA.Run (2012), SZA began working on S, beginning recording in May 2013. SZA worked with a variety of producers on the album, including Zodiac, Patrick Lukens, Brandun DeShay, WNDRBRD, Waren Vaughn and Felix Snow. S is characterized as an alt-R&B; album with production that "twists and mutates." Upon release S was met with acclaim from music critics, who commended the extended play's musical themes and direction. SZA promoted the extended play with the release of a music video for the song "Ice Moon"; the video was directed by Lemar & Dauley. == Background == SZA first met members of Top Dawg Entertainment during the CMJ Music Marathon in 2011, when her boyfriend's clothing company sponsored a show in which Kendrick Lamar was performing. A friend attending the show with her presented early SZA songs to TDE president Terrence "Punch" Henderson, who enjoyed the material and stayed in touch. On October 29, 2012, SZA released her debut self-released extended play entitled See.SZA.Run, which featured production from Brandun DeShay, APSuperProducer, among others. In June 2013, Top Dawg Entertainment stated plans to sign two more artists, announcing on July 14 that SZA had been signed to the label. == Recording == In May 2013, SZA revealed that she had been working with producers Holy Other and Emile Haynie, the latter of whom had previously worked with Lana Del Rey and Kid Cudi. SZA met Holy Other through mutual friends. After being in the same area as one another and working in the same studio, the pair began working together. SZA met producer Felix Snow via a mutual friend and they later began "hanging out", SZA described Felix as being "completely not the textbook producer" continuing to expand on working with Felix SZA said; > If you've ever seen him he wears sunglasses inside all day and sandals all > year round. He's basically always in yacht mode. He has a Tamagachi and a > Giga Pet, so he's a character-and-a-half. But we're like family. I went to > his house in Connecticut and played with his menagerie of animals and met > his parents and ate soup. == Critical reception == Adam Kevil of Consequence of Sound gave a positive review of the EP. Praising the album's musical direction, Kevil called the work sincere and "cool", continuing on to note how SZA's courage proves "she's equally as aware of her strengths as she is the potential for constant maturation and growth". == Track listing == Sample credits * "Castles" contains samples of "Everywhere", written by Christine McVie, and performed by Fleetwood Mac. * "Terror.Dome" and "Kismet (Outro)" contain snippets from the 1968 horror film, Rosemary's Baby. * "The Odyssey" contains a sample of an interview with Eartha Kitt from the 1982 documentary All By Myself - The Eartha Kitt Story. == Release history == Region Date Format Label United States April 10, 2013 Digital download Self-released ==See also== *Alternative R&B; == References == == External links == * Category:2013 EPs Category:Contemporary R&B; EPs Category:SZA albums
+S was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1895 to 1958, and by the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority from 1958 to 1963. The route was very popular due to its proximity to Hollywood as well as the sizable manufacturing district in South Los Angeles. ==History== ===San Pedro Line (1895–1911)=== The original San Pedro line began at an uncertain point in Downtown Los Angeles and reached the South Side of the city by way of Fourth Street, San Pedro Street, Park Avenue (present-day Avalon Boulevard), Gage Avenue, and South Central Avenue to 68th Street. ===S Line (1911–1963)=== Following the Great Merger of 1911, the tracks on Fourth Street were removed, and the San Pedro line now ran from San Pedro Street to Seventh Street from Downtown to the outskirts of Westlake. Here, the route took advantage of an old LAIU track on Hoover, Wilshire, and Commonwealth to continue northwest via Sixth Street, Vermont Avenue, Third Street, and Western Avenue to Santa Monica Boulevard on the southern edge of Hollywood. In 1921, the route was given the letter designation "S." During the LARy and LATL eras, further route changes were made. The LAIU shortcut to Sixth Street was eliminated and the route ran straight on 7th between San Pedro and Vermont, while the route's southern terminus was extended further south to the intersection of Avalon and Firestone Boulevard. When the N line was decommissioned in 1950, S was re-routed to fill in its route along 8th street. Operation of the line passed to Los Angeles MTA in 1958. Streetcar service ended on March 31, 1963, by which time the southern terminus had become Central and Manchester Avenue. ==Rolling stock== After 1955, PCC streetcars replaced the old rolling stock on the line. ==Sources== ==External links== * S Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway lines opened in 1895 Category:Railway lines closed in 1963 Category:1895 establishments in California Category:1963 disestablishments in California
+thumb|right|200px|The current bullet for the three shuttles Three services in the New York City Subway are designated as a S (shuttle) service. These services operate as full-time or almost full-time shuttles. In addition, three services run as shuttles during late night hours but retain their regular service designations. ==Shuttle services== ===Official designations=== All of the following services are officially labeled S. The "NYCT designator" column stands for New York City Transit's internal designation for the service. Shuttle name NYCT designator Division Northern terminal Southern terminal Service hours Notes Image 42nd Street Shuttle 0 (zero) A Times Square Grand Central Operates at all times except late nights. Two trains operate separately on each of two tracks. Rebuilt and reconfigured for ADA-accessibility from 2019-2022. 42nd Street Shuttle at Times Square Rockaway Park Shuttle H B Broad Channel or Rockaway Boulevard Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street Operates at all times. Three trains operate on the double-tracked Rockaway Park branch of the IND Rockaway Line. Rockaway Park Shuttle at Broad Channel Franklin Avenue Shuttle S/FS Franklin Avenue Prospect Park Operates at all times. Two trains operate on the mostly single-tracked BMT Franklin Avenue Line, passing each other near Botanic Garden. Franklin Avenue Shuttle at Park Place ===Late-night shuttles=== Route Name Northern terminal Southern terminal Notes Image Dyre Avenue Shuttle Eastchester–Dyre Avenue East 180th Street Formerly designated 9, before the line became an IRT line, and SS. Lefferts Boulevard Shuttle Euclid Avenue Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard link= (gray A) on the late night map and 20px|link= (blue S) in the schedule and on trains. Myrtle Avenue Shuttle Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue Myrtle Avenue Formerly designated SS. == Former uses == right Other routes have in the past been designated S or SS; the label has also been used for temporary shuttles due to construction. Before June 1979, all shuttles had the label SS; the designation S was reserved for "special"' services, including IND trains to Aqueduct Racetrack. The SS label was first applied in 1967, when all services were labeled due to the completion of the Chrystie Street Connection. Former uses of the S or SS designation include: * Bowling Green – South Ferry Shuttle (1909–1977) * Culver Shuttle (1954–1975) * Sixth Avenue Shuttle (1986–1988) – ran between 57th Street and Grand Street * 63rd Street Shuttle (1998–1999) * Grand Street Shuttle (2001–2004) * Brighton Shuttle (2022) – ran between Prospect Park and Coney Island Some shuttle routes also used the H or HH designation, which were the last to be assigned to the Independent Subway System. Former uses include the Court Street Shuttle from 1936 to 1946 and Rockaway Park Shuttle until 1993, when that route's label was changed to a blue S. A temporary shuttle that opened in November 2012 after Hurricane Sandy destroyed track connecting the Rockaways to the rest of the system used the H designation. When the Transit Authority began assigning labels to all services, the Third Avenue Elevated was designated as 8 because it was deemed too long to be considered a "shuttle". However, trains on this line showed SHUTTLE on their rollsigns instead of "8". The service was discontinued in 1973. === Full-time shuttles=== ==== Nassau Street Shuttle (1999) ==== This shuttle ran only from May to September 1999 during the rehabilitation of the Williamsburg Bridge. The shuttle ran from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm daily from Essex Street to Broad Street (Chambers Street on weekends, late nights, and evenings). ==== Myrtle Shuttle (2017-2018) ==== Two trains operated separately on each of two tracks on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line between Myrtle-Wyckoff Avenues and Middle Village-Metropolitan Avenue. They ran at all times between September 2, 2017, and April 27, 2018, due to construction on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line's connector with the BMT Jamaica Line. It was designated as an orange "M" on maps, schedules, and station and service notice signs, and as a brown "M" on the R42 rolling stock, which still had the brown "M" emblems that the route used before 2010. === Part-time shuttles === ==== Lenox Shuttle (mid-1900s – early 1970s) ==== The Lenox Terminal Shuttle (also Lenox Shuttle and Lenox Avenue Shuttle) ran between 148th Street and 135th Street when the did not run. Prior to the opening of the 148th Street station on May 13, 1968, it was called the 145th Street Shuttle, running only to 145th Street, and only from 9:00 pm to 1:00 am. It was in place by 1918, but may have been started in 1905 when the IRT White Plains Road Line opened to the IRT Lenox Avenue Line. Between 1969 and 1972, it was folded into the 3, but continued to run as a shuttle at those times. Late night 3 service ended on September 10, 1995,"Coming Transit Reductions: What They Mean for You," The New York Times, August 20, 1995, p. CY10 due to low ridership, and was not restored until July 27, 2008. During this time, the route was served by a free overnight shuttle bus. ==== Myrtle Shuttle (1969–1973) ==== After the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line south of Broadway ceased operation on October 3, 1969, the MJ service was discontinued and the current nighttime M shuttle was formed, using the lower- level platforms in the same station complex. Prior to 2014, when the M was extended to Essex Street during weekend days, it operated on weekends as well. However, this service was labeled SS and considered a separate route from the M until the two routes merged in 1973. ==== Bay Ridge Shuttle (1990–2002; 2004–2016) ==== On September 30, 1990, late night trains began operating as a shuttle in Brooklyn, between 36th Street (cut back from 57th Street in Manhattan) and 95th Street. In 1999, northbound trains began skipping 53rd Street and 45th Streets to avoid discharging passengers on tracks used by through trains. From September 8, 2002, until February 22, 2004, this service was extended northward to Pacific Street, due to reconstruction of the Coney Island station, running express north of 36th Street. On November 5, 2016, late night R trains were extended to Whitehall Street in Lower Manhattan. * * * * == Notes and references == ===Notes=== ===References=== == External links == * *nycsubway.org **New York City Subway Historical Maps **FAQ: The Letter, Number and Color Codes of the New York Subways *Line By Line History Category:New York City Subway services Category:Defunct New York City Subway services
+S (에스) is a South Korean project group consisting of three members: Kangta, Lee Ji-hoon and Shin Hye-sung. The group debuted in 2003, under the SM Entertainment label. After 11 years, they released and promoted another mini- album in 2014. ==History== In 2003, S released their first album Fr.In.Cl, which stands for Friends in Classic. In 2014, after more than a decade in hiatus, the group released their second mini-album Autumn Breeze on October 27. As member Kangta wrote and produced the songs, it was said that his "unique music style and the trio’s harmonious voices will create beautiful ballads".Kangta, Shin Hye Sung, and Lee Ji Hoon’s Project Group S to Release New Album Soompi . Retrieved 2014-10-23 On October 18, the group performed their title track "Without You (하고 싶은 거 다)" for the first time at SM Entertainment's agency-wide concert SM Town in Shanghai.Kangta, Shin Hye Sung, and Lee Ji Hoon’s Group S Wows Crowd of 30,000 At SM Town Concert in Shanghai Soompi. Retrieved 2014-10-23 The music video for the song was released on October 24, starring Kwon Yuri of Girls' Generation. The group continued to promote the song on various South Korean music programs, such as on Immortal Songs 2 on November 3.Kangta, Shin Hye Sung, Lee Ji Hoon’s Group S to Be on “Immortal Song” Soompi. Retrieved 2014-10-23 ==Band members== *Kangta *Shin Hye-sung *Lee Ji-hoon ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== Album Information Track listing 1st Fr. in. Cl * Release date: September 24, 2003 * Label: SM Entertainment ===EP=== Album # Information Track listing 1st Autumn Breeze *Released: October 27, 2014 *Released Under: SM Entertainment ==Concert tours== ===SMTown=== * 2014: SM Town Live World Tour IV ==Awards and nominations== Year Award-Giving Body Category Work Result 2003 Mnet Asian Music Awards Best Male Group "I Swear""2003 MMF part 1". Mwave. Retrieved 2014-08-20. Seoul Music Awards Hallyu Special Award ==References== Category:South Korean boy bands Category:South Korean contemporary R&B; musical groups Category:South Korean musical trios Category:Musical groups established in 2003 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2014 Category:Kangta
+S is the fifth novel in the Ring series by Koji Suzuki. It served as the basis of the film Sadako 3D and Sadako 3D 2. The novel was released in English on December 19, 2017, under the title S (Es). It was also released in French on April 10, 2014, and is sold under the title Sadako. == Plot == 25 years after the events of Spiral, Takanori Ando, graphic designer at Studio Oz, a CG production company, is dating high school teacher Akane Maruyama, who is pregnant with his child, planning to marry her soon to avoid exposing the fact that he impregnated her out of wedlock. Company president Yoneda gives Takanori a USB drive containing a suicide video that went viral a month ago, asking him to reconfigure it for a possible future project. Upon copying the video into his laptop, he realizes that the video changes slightly; the suicidal man's body is positioned in a lower position than the original, revealing his neck. When he asks Yoneda about the video's origin, Yoneda tells him that it was given to him by Kiyomi Sakata, producer of the latest film that Studio Oz is working on. Meanwhile, Akane feels stalked by a figure. During an encounter at the high school where she works, she faints and is taken to a hospital, where she briefly hallucinates meeting her deceased mother. One day, Akane unwittingly spots the copy of the suicide video. Consoling her, Takanori discovers that the video has changed further; the body is lowered to the extent that the man's face and the noose are now visible. The man is revealed to be Seiji Kashiwada, a serial killer who was apprehended a decade ago for murdering four girls and executed a month ago. Akane admits that she was his potential fifth victim. Fearing that he is still hunting her, Takanori promises to keep track of her using a GPS. Analyzing the video, Takanori deduces the location where it was shot and heads there, finding out that the room is currently occupied by a man named Hiroyuki Niimura. Takanori seeks the help of Tsuyoshi Kihara, who once researched the Kashiwada case. Kihara opines that Kashiwada was not truly guilty. Kihara spots that the room where the man was hanged contains a first edition copy of Ring, a book written by Kazuyuki Asakawa and published by his brother, Junichi, twenty five years ago. Kihara has crime scene photos of Kashiwada's house when he was apprehended, which contained seventeen copies of the same book, also first edition. Digging into the Ring case, Takanori is surprised that his father, Mitsuo, who now heads a private hospital, was involved. Mitsuo reveals the events that led to the propagation of the ring virus, but states that the virus is now extinct. Takanori suspects that Mitsuo is hiding something, especially after he gave an ambiguous answer about why the family registry mistakenly lists Takanori as being dead. Takanori deduces that he had died when he was three years old but somehow resurrected two years afterward. Upon further research of the Ring case, Takanori realizes that he has met Kashiwada years ago, but he was known as Ryuji Takayama back then. Connecting the dots between the physical similarities of Kashiwada's victims, Kihara theorizes that the victims were all clones of Sadako Yamamura, originator of the ring virus. It is possible that Kashiwada is hunting Sadako clones and, if he continues to hunt Akane, means that she is also a Sadako clone. During the premiere of Studio Oz's latest film, Takanori learns that Sakata's maiden name is Niimura. Requesting his friend to hack into her emails, Takanori connects to the emails of Hiroyuki, who is revealed to be Sakata's son. Hiroyuki keeps photos of the girls Kashiwada supposedly murdered, plus Akane's. Takanori finally realizes that Kashiwada had been framed and Hiroyuki was the real serial killer. The night after the information is found out, Takanori loses track of Akane's GPS. Just when he is about to go find her, the suicide video copy in his laptop turns on, only this time Seiji is not hanged. Seiji confirms that he is Ryuji, was the one who sent the video to Sakata, and recounts events surrounding the Ring virus. Akane arrives shortly, prompting Ryuji to reveal his secret: he fathered her with Masako Maruyama, the alias of the Sadako clone born from Mai Takano. As a result, Akane is not truly a clone, as she was conceived sexually, so could survive where the Sadako clones could not. Ryuji was the one who ended the ring virus for good; by stopping the film adaptation, destroying the first edition copies of Ring, and reprinting them with the cure formula, he managed to stop the virus from propagating. He relented to allow four Sadako clones to exist, but all of them ended up being murdered by Hiroyuki, a former student of his. Ryuji managed to save Akane, but in the process implicated the real Seiji Kashiwada, whom he impersonated and as a result was wrongly arrested and executed. Bidding farewell to them, Ryuji states that he will return to the "world where he came from". The next day, Takanori receives news of Hiroyuki's suicide in a train station, though he has a feeling that Akane was involved. Months later, Takanori and Akane hold their wedding. As Akane heads to her high school free from having to hide her pregnancy, she hears some girls discussing a rumor about a cursed video, hinting that the curse is about to start again. ==References== ==External links== * 'S' * Official product site Category:Japanese horror novels Category:The Ring (franchise) Category:Novels by Koji Suzuki Category:Vertical (publisher) titles Category:Japanese novels adapted into films
+is a light novel series with homoerotic themes written by Saki Aida with art by Chiharu Nara. It is about a detective who goes undercover and who begins a relationship with his "S" – his spy. It was published in English by Digital Manga Publishing between May 2008 and February 2009. ==Reception== Holly Ellingwood, writing for Active Anime, praised the "gripping" writing of the second novel and enjoyed the suspense of the third novel, recommending it to fans of Yellow. Michelle Smith, writing for PopCultureShock, said that she found the fourth volume to be "better than most" other yaoi novels, appreciating that the story was "trying to be about something more than sex". ==References== ==External links== * Category:2005 Japanese novels Category:2005 manga Category:Digital Manga Publishing titles Category:Light novels Category:Sharp Point Press titles Category:Yaoi light novels
+S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories. The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is "to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully". The modern implementation of S is R, a part of the GNU free software project. S-PLUS, a commercial product, was formerly sold by TIBCO Software. ==History== ==="Old S"=== S is one of several statistical computing languages that were designed at Bell Laboratories, and first took form between 1975–1976. Up to that time, much of the statistical computing was done by directly calling Fortran subroutines; however, S was designed to offer an alternate and more interactive approach, motivated in part by exploratory data analysis advocated by John Tukey. Early design decisions that hold even today include interactive graphics devices (printers and character terminals at the time), and providing easily accessible documentation for the functions. The first working version of S was built in 1976, and operated on the GCOS operating system. At this time, S was unnamed, and suggestions included ISCS (Interactive SCS), SCS (Statistical Computing System), and SAS (Statistical Analysis System) (which was already taken: see SAS System). The name 'S' (used with single quotation marks until 1979) was chosen, as it was a common letter in the suggestions and consistent with other programming languages designed from the same institution at the time (namely the C programming language). When UNIX/32V was ported to the (then new) 32-bit DEC VAX, computing on the Unix platform became feasible for S. In late 1979, S was ported from GCOS to UNIX, which would become the new primary platform. In 1980 the first version of S was distributed outside Bell Laboratories and in 1981 source versions were made available. In 1984 two books were published by the research team at Bell Laboratories: S: An Interactive Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics (1984 Brown Book) and Extending the S System. Also, in 1984 the source code for S became licensed through AT&T; Software Sales for education and commercial purposes. ==="New S"=== By 1988, many changes were made to S and the syntax of the language. The New S Language (1988 Blue Book) was published to introduce the new features, such as the transition from macros to functions and how functions can be passed to other functions (such as `apply`). Many other changes to the S language were to extend the concept of "objects", and to make the syntax more consistent (and strict). However, many users found the transition to New S difficult, since their macros needed to be rewritten. Many other changes to S took hold, such as the use of X11 and PostScript graphics devices, rewriting many internal functions from Fortran to C, and the use of double precision (only) arithmetic. The New S language is very similar to that used in modern versions of S-PLUS and R. In 1991, Statistical Models in S (1991 White Book) was published, which introduced the use of formula-notation (which use the `~` operator), data frame objects, and modifications to the use of object methods and classes. ===S4=== The latest version of the S standard is S4, released in 1998. It provides advanced object-oriented features. S4 classes differ markedly from S3 classes; S4 formally defines the representation and inheritance for each class, and has multiple dispatch: the generic function can be dispatched to a method based on the class of any number of arguments, not just one. ==References== ==External links== *Evolution of the S Language, by John M. Chambers, discusses the new features in Version 4 of S (in PostScript format) Category:Statistical programming languages Category:Programming languages created in 1976
+S is an axiomatic set theory set out by George Boolos in his 1989 article, "Iteration Again". S, a first-order theory, is two-sorted because its ontology includes “stages” as well as sets. Boolos designed S to embody his understanding of the “iterative conception of set“ and the associated iterative hierarchy. S has the important property that all axioms of Zermelo set theory Z, except the axiom of extensionality and the axiom of choice, are theorems of S or a slight modification thereof. ==Ontology== Any grouping together of mathematical, abstract, or concrete objects, however formed, is a collection, a synonym for what other set theories refer to as a class. The things that make up a collection are called elements or members. A common instance of a collection is the domain of discourse of a first-order theory. All sets are collections, but there are collections that are not sets. A synonym for collections that are not sets is proper class. An essential task of axiomatic set theory is to distinguish sets from proper classes, if only because mathematics is grounded in sets, with proper classes relegated to a purely descriptive role. The Von Neumann universe implements the “iterative conception of set” by stratifying the universe of sets into a series of "stages", with the sets at a given stage being possible members of the sets formed at all higher stages. The notion of stage goes as follows. Each stage is assigned an ordinal number. The lowest stage, stage 0, consists of all entities having no members. We assume that the only entity at stage 0 is the empty set, although this stage would include any urelements we would choose to admit. Stage n, n>0, consists of all possible sets formed from elements to be found in any stage whose number is less than n. Every set formed at stage n can also be formed at every stage greater than n.Boolos (1998:88). Hence the stages form a nested and well-ordered sequence, and would form a hierarchy if set membership were transitive. The iterative conception has gradually become more accepted, despite an imperfect understanding of its historical origins. The iterative conception of set steers clear, in a well-motivated way, of the well-known paradoxes of Russell, Burali-Forti, and Cantor. These paradoxes all result from the unrestricted use of the principle of comprehension of naive set theory. Collections such as "the class of all sets" or "the class of all ordinals" include sets from all stages of the iterative hierarchy. Hence such collections cannot be formed at any given stage, and thus cannot be sets. ==Primitive notions== This section follows Boolos (1998: 91). The variables x and y range over sets, while r, s, and t range over stages. There are three primitive two-place predicates: * Set–set: x∈y denotes, as usual, that set x is a member of set y; * Set–stage: Fxr denotes that set x “is formed at” stage r; * Stage–stage: r ~~\exist s[s Bxr is read as “set x is formed before stage r.” Identity, denoted by infix ‘=’, does not play the role in S it plays in other set theories, and Boolos does not make fully explicit whether the background logic includes identity. S has no axiom of extensionality and identity is absent from the other S axioms. Identity does appear in the axiom schema distinguishing S+ from S,Boolos (1998: 97). and in the derivation in S of the pairing, null set, and infinity axioms of Z.Boolos (1998: 103–04). ==Axioms== The symbolic axioms shown below are from Boolos (1998: 91), and govern how sets and stages behave and interact. The natural language versions of the axioms are intended to aid the intuition. The axioms come in two groups of three. The first group consists of axioms pertaining solely to stages and the stage-stage relation ‘<’. Tra: \forall r \forall s \forall t[r ~~“Earlier than” is transitive. Net: \forall s \forall t \exist r[t A consequence of Net is that every stage is earlier than some stage. Inf: \exist r \exist u [u The sole purpose of Inf is to enable deriving in S the axiom of infinity of other set theories. The second and final group of axioms involve both sets and stages, and the predicates other than '<': All: \forall x \exist r Fxr \,. Every set is formed at some stage in the hierarchy. When: \forall r \forall x [Fxr \leftrightarrow [\forall y (y \in x \rightarrow Byr) \land \lnot Bxr] ] \,. A set is formed at some stage iff its members are formed at earlier stages. Let A(y) be a formula of S where y is free but x is not. Then the following axiom schema holds: Spec: \exist r \forall y[A(y) \rightarrow Byr] \rightarrow \exist x \forall y[y \in x \leftrightarrow A(y)] \,. If there exists a stage r such that all sets satisfying A(y) are formed at a stage earlier than r, then there exists a set x whose members are just those sets satisfying A(y). The role of Spec in S is analogous to that of the axiom schema of specification of Z. ==Discussion== Boolos’s name for Zermelo set theory minus extensionality was Z-. Boolos derived in S all axioms of Z- except the axiom of choice.Boolos (1998: 95–96; 103–04). The purpose of this exercise was to show how most of conventional set theory can be derived from the iterative conception of set, assumed embodied in S. Extensionality does not follow from the iterative conception, and so is not a theorem of S. However, S + Extensionality is free of contradiction if S is free of contradiction. Boolos then altered Spec to obtain a variant of S he called S+, such that the axiom schema of replacement is derivable in S+ + Extensionality. Hence S+ + Extensionality has the power of ZF. Boolos also argued that the axiom of choice does not follow from the iterative conception, but did not address whether Choice could be added to S in some way.Boolos (1998: 97). Hence S+ + Extensionality cannot prove those theorems of the conventional set theory ZFC whose proofs require Choice. Inf guarantees the existence of stages ω, and of ω + n for finite n, but not of stage ω + ω. Nevertheless, S yields enough of Cantor's paradise to ground almost all of contemporary mathematics.”…the overwhelming majority of 20th century mathematics is straightforwardly representable by sets of fairly low infinite ranks, certainly less than ω + 20.” (Potter 2004: 220). The exceptions to Potter's statement presumably include category theory, which requires the weakly inaccessible cardinals afforded by Tarski–Grothendieck set theory, and the higher reaches of set theory itself. Boolos compares S at some length to a variant of the system of Frege’s Grundgesetze, in which Hume's principle, taken as an axiom, replaces Frege’s Basic Law V, an unrestricted comprehension axiom which made Frege's system inconsistent; see Russell's paradox. ==Footnotes== ==References== * . Reprinted in: . * . Category:Set theory Category:Systems of set theory Category:Z notation
+S 10 (also Abydos-south S10) is the modern name given to a monumental ancient Egyptian tomb complex at Abydos in Egypt. The tomb is most likely royal and dates to the mid-13th Dynasty. Finds from nearby tombs indicate that S10 suffered extensive state-sanctioned stone and grave robbing during the Second Intermediate Period, only a few decades after its construction, as well as during the later Roman and Coptic periods. These finds also show that S10 was used for an actual burial and belonged to a king "Sobekhotep", now believed to be pharaoh Sobekhotep IV (fl. c. 1725 BC). According to the Egyptologist Josef W. Wegner who excavated S10, the tomb might originally have been capped by a pyramid, although Aidan Dodson states that it is still unclear whether S10 was a pyramid or a mastaba. ==Description== thumb|Abydos, plan of tomb S10, as published in 1904 The tomb structure is part of a royal necropolis dating back to the late Middle Kingdom – Second Intermediate Period, which is located close to the ancient town of Wah-Sut, next to the much bigger funerary complex of Senusret III of the 12th Dynasty, at the foot of the so-called Mountain of Anubis, a natural hill in the form of a pyramid. It was first excavated in 1901–02 by Ayrton, Weigall and Petrie, who found it heavily looted and disturbed. The complex consists of a rectangular brick walled structure, some in size, described by the first excavators as a mastaba, who however gave no evidence supporting this classification. At the north side there is an entrance to a system of underground and limestone paved corridors leading to the burial chamber that was found heavily destroyed. More recent excavations discovered fragments of a canopic jar, demonstrating that the tomb was once used. There is evidence that the tomb was already heavily looted in the Second Intermediate Period. A massive (60-ton) red quartzite sarcophagus quarried at El-Gabal el-Ahmar near the modern Cairo, most likely originally located in this tomb, was found in a later royal tomb in the same necropolis (CS6). Planks from the cedar coffin from tomb S10 were reused by king Senebkay for his own neighboring burial (tomb CS9). The coffin was inscribed on the outside with Coffin Texts spells 777-785. Only few parts of the texts survived, but coffins with these spells are typical for the late Middle Kingdom at Abydos. On the fragments there appears the name of the king Sobekhotep. Nothing was found of the superstructure, but it is possible that there was a pyramid on top. Several fragments of a funerary stele were also found on site, however the stele was most likely reused in the adjacent intrusive tomb of king Senebkay, and none of the fragments were found in context. On the fragments of the stela appears again the name Sobekhotep. ==Attribution== thumb|upright|Statue of Sobekhotep IV, for whom S10 might have been built. Since the discovery of the tomb and until 2015, it was unknown who was buried here. Excavations in 2003 and in 2014 made it very likely that the structure was once a royal tomb. At the latter date, during the excavation directed by Josef W. Wegner of the University of Pennsylvania, a fragment of a funerary tomb stela bearing a relief naming a king Sobek[hotep] was found inside the enclosure, on the eastern side of the complex, close to where a small funerary chapel might once have existed. While in early press reports, published just after the discovery, king Sobekhotep I was named as the possible owner of the tomb, further analyses now indicate that this might belong to Sobekhotep IV instead. Indeed, not only do the fragments of wooden sarcophagus uncovered indicate a late Middle Kingdom date for the construction of S10, but its size means that its owner would have had to reign for long enough to complete it. This only leaves Sobekhotep III, IV, and VI as possibilities, with Sobekhotep IV being the most likely as he enjoyed the longest reign of these three kings. In addition, Sobekhotep IV is the only one of these kings for whom it is known with certainty that he undertook other works in Abydos. As a corollary, the nearby and slightly larger tomb S9 most likely belongs to Sobekhotep IV's predecessor and brother, Neferhotep I. ==References== ==Sources== * * * * * * * * Category:Tombs of ancient Egypt Category:Abydos, Egypt sites
+S 30 is a sailboat class designed by Knud Reimers and built in about 300 copies. ==History== The S 30 was designed by Knud Reimers for Göta Segelsällskap and Swedish Sailing Federation and produced by Fisksätra varv. ==References== Category:1970s sailboat type designs Category:Sailboat type designs by Swedish designers Category:Keelboats Category:Sailboat types built in Sweden
+S 9 (also Abydos-south S9) is the modern name given to a monumental ancient Egyptian tomb complex at Abydos in Egypt. The tomb is most likely royal and dates to the mid-13th Dynasty, during the late Middle Kingdom. Finds from the area of the tomb indicate that S9 suffered extensive, state-sanctioned stone and grave robbing during the Second Intermediate Period, only a few decades after its construction, as well as during the later Roman and Coptic periods. Although no direct evidence was found to determine the tomb owner, strong indirect evidence suggest that the neighbouring and slightly smaller tomb S10 belongs to pharaoh Sobekhotep IV (fl. c. 1725 BC). Consequently, S9 has been tentatively attributed by the Egyptologist Josef W. Wegner to Sobekhotep IV's predecessor and brother, Neferhotep I (fl. c. 1735 BC). According to Wegner, the tomb might originally have been capped by a pyramid. ==Description== ===Location=== Tomb S9 is part of a royal necropolis dating back to the late Middle Kingdom – Second Intermediate Period, which is located immediately northeast of the causeway leading to the much bigger funerary complex of Senusret III of the 12th Dynasty, close to the ancient town of Wah-Sut and at the foot of the so-called Mountain of Anubis, a natural hill in the form of a pyramid. It was first summarily explored by Émile Amélineau and subsequently excavated by Ayrton, Weigall and Petrie in 1901–1902. The tomb was covered in sand and proved to have been heavily disturbed, for example, the stone roof of the subterranean chambers had been plundered. ===Layout=== thumb|Plan of the substructures of the tomb S9 in Abydos as uncovered by the 1901–1902 excavations. Tomb S9 comprises the remains of a mudbrick inner enclosure wall, over in size, as well as a section of an outer whitewashed wavy wall in front of the northern side. There, lay a small rectangular chapel of which only one course of bricks survives, and beyond the entrance to the substructures. The overall layout of the tomb complex is very similar to that of the Southern Mazghuna pyramid. The substructures were dug into the hard sand, some below the surface, and lined with smooth limestone blocks. A passage leads to a quartzite portcullis, intended to stop tomb robbers from reaching the burial chamber. Beyond the portcullis was a stone-lined chamber in dimensions, the floor of which hid a further passage blocked by two portcullises, one of limestone and another of quartzite. Beyond, lies the burial chamber housing a massive sarcophagus built from three blocks of quartzite sandstone, roughly hewn on the outside, but well polished on the inside. The southern end of the burial chamber also had a recess meant to hold grave goods. Overall, the plan of the substructures of tomb S9 is similar to those found in the Pyramid of Khendjer. Small fragments of burned wood were uncovered there during the 1901 excavations suggest that the wooden coffin of the king was destroyed. Since then, burned bandages, small pieces of inscribed, gilded plaster from the king's mummy mask, and pieces of wood and faience inlay, stone jars, beads, and bone needles were unearthed in the substructures as well as in the rubbles of the enclosure wall. ===Type=== No traces of the superstructures once capping tomb S9 have survived and determining its type—mastaba or pyramid—remains difficult. Ayrton, Weigall and Petrie believed S9 was a mastaba, because of the enclosing wall which they thought would have held the sand packed on top of the substructures. However, the royal nature of S9 and S10 as well as their architectural similarities to pyramids of the late Middle Kingdom in the area of Memphis have led Wegner to suggest S9 might have been a pyramid too. In spite of these arguments, the Egyptologist Aidan Dodson asserts that it is still unclear whether S9 was a mastaba or a pyramid. ==Attribution== Excavations in 2003 and in 2014 made it very likely that this structure as well as the neighbouring one S10 were originally royal tombs. At the latter date, during excavations directed by Josef W. Wegner of the University of Pennsylvania, a fragment of a funerary tomb stela bearing a relief naming a king Sobek[hotep] was found inside the enclosure of tomb S10, on the eastern side of the complex, where a funerary temple might once have existed. In addition, fragments of wooden coffin inscribed for the same Sobekhotep were uncovered in later Second Intermediate Period tombs adjacent to S10. These fragments indicate a late Middle Kingdom date for the construction of S10. While in early press reports, published just after these discoveries, King Sobekhotep I was named as the possible owner of the tomb, further analyses now indicate that S10 might belong to Sobekhotep IV instead. Indeed, not only do the fragments of wooden coffin uncovered indicate a late Middle Kingdom date for the construction of S10, but its size means that its owner would have had to reign for long enough to complete it. This only leaves Sobekhotep III, IV, and VI as possibilities, with Sobekhotep IV being the most likely as he enjoyed the longest reign of these three kings. In addition, Sobekhotep IV is the only one of these kings for whom it is known with certainty that he undertook other works in Abydos. As a corollary, tomb S9 likely belongs to Sobekhotep IV's predecessor and brother, Neferhotep I. This is perhaps indirectly confirmed by the observation that both Sobekhotep IV and Neferhotep I are known to have been particularly active in Abydos. ==References== ==Sources== * * * * * * Category:Tombs of ancient Egypt Category:Abydos, Egypt sites Category:Buildings and structures of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
+S Antliae is a W Ursae Majoris-type eclipsing binary star in Antlia. ==Characteristics== S Antilia is classed as an A-type W Ursae Majoris variable, since the primary is hotter than the secondary and the drop in magnitude is caused by the latter passing in front of the former. S Antilia varies in apparent magnitude from 6.27 to 6.83 over a period of 15.6 hours. The system shines with a combined spectrum of A9V. The system's orbital period is 0.648 days. The stars' centres are an average of 3.31 times the sun's radius apart, which places their surfaces just 3.4 times the sun's radius apart. Thus, the two stars will eventually merge to form a single fast- spinning star. Calculating the properties of the component stars from the orbital period indicates that the primary star has a mass 0.79 times and a diameter 1.46 times that of the Sun, and the secondary has a mass 0.47 times and a diameter 1.13 times that of the Sun. The primary has a surface temperature of 7800 K, while the secondary is a little cooler at 7340 K. The two stars have similar luminosity and spectral type as they have a common envelope and share stellar material. The system is thought to be around two billion years old. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.84 milliarc seconds as measured by the Hipparcos satellite, this system is from Earth. Analysing and recalibrating yields a parallax of 13.30 and hence a distance of . ==History== The star's variability was first recorded in 1888 by H.M. Paul, when it had the shortest known period of any variable star. It was initially thought to be an Algol-type eclipsing binary, but this was discounted by E.C. Pickering on account of it lacking a shallow minimum in its maximum and the width of its minimum period. Alfred H. Joy noted the similarity of its light curve to W Ursae Majoris in 1926, concluding the system was indeed an eclipsing binary with two stars of spectral type A8. ==References== Category:Antlia 082610 Category:W Ursae Majoris variables Antliae, S 3798 046810 Category:Durchmusterung objects Category:A-type main-sequence stars
+S Apodis , also known as HD 133444 is a variable star located in the southern circumpolar constellation Apus. It has an apparent magnitude ranging from 9.6 to 17, which is below the limit for naked eye visibility. The object is located relatively far at a distance of approximately 15,000 light years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of . HD 133444 has been known to be a variable star since 1896. However, its nature as a carbon star was not observed until 1967 by astronomer Brian Warner. In 1973, HD 133444 was listed as a R Coronae Borealis variable. These are extremely hydrogen-deficient supergiants thought to have arisen as the result of the merger of two white dwarfs and fewer than 100 have been discovered as of 2013. A decade later, S Apodis was observed to have a change it its pulsation mode. S Apodis has a stellar classification of R3, indicating that it is a R-type carbon star. It has a mass of either or , depending on the model. However, it has expanded to an average radius 132 times that of the Sun. It radiates 960 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of , giving it an orange hue. An infrared excess has been detected around the star, indicating the presence of circumstellar dust. The dust has a temperature of 730 K. ==References== Category:Apus Category:R Coronae Borealis variables 133444 Apodis, S Category:Durchmusterung objects 074179 15092452-7203451
+S Arae (S Ara) is an RR Lyrae-type pulsating variable star in the constellation of Ara. It has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 9.92 and 11.24 during its 10.85-hour pulsation period, and it exhibits the Blazhko effect. ==References== Category:Ara (constellation) Category:RR Lyrae variables Category:A-type bright giants 088064 Arae, S Category:Durchmusterung objects
+S. B. Patil is a junior college in Pune. Its science and commerce college was Established in 2014. SBPCSC is one of the top college in Pune. It is located in Ravet Pune. ==About college== It is science and commerce college. It provide student excellent knowledge about every subject. It is located in Ravet. It provide bus facility to student who stay away from the college. It managed by PCET trust. ==Infrastructure and amenities== *Multi purpose hall for indoor games *Classrooms with E-learning facility *Well equipped laboratories *Amly stocked library *Spacious Campus *Reading room *Hostel facility *Bus facility *Tutorial room *Playground for sports and extra curricular activities ==Departments== *CS & IT Department *English Department *Geography Department *Mathematics Department *Physics Department *Chemistry Department *Biology Department ==See also== * List of educational institutions in Pune == External links == * Official website * To interact with students, visit Category:Science colleges in India Category:Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University Category:Universities and colleges in Pune Category:Education in Pimpri-Chinchwad Category:Educational institutions established in 2014 Category:2014 establishments in Maharashtra
+S Bannister (born 1787) was an early British equestrian performer and tightrope walker. Her sister Mary Bannister was also an equestrian performer (with swords). ==Life== Bannister was born in 1787.John M. Turner, ‘Bannister, James (1758/9–1836)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 6 July 2017 She was the daughter of James Bannister and she had a sister named Mary. Her father was one of the first people to take a circus on tour in Britain. When his equestrian show arrived in Stamford in 1804 she was with him. She and the circus toured in Scotland and Northern England until her father went bankrupt (he later died in 1836). left|thumb|A poster for the "Olympic Circus" and "Equestrian Troupe" Her riding and tightrope skills however were said to create "much celebrity" and she went to work at Britain's first circus, Astley's Amphitheatre. When Astley died in 1821 she was the head horserider and she stayed and worked for the new manager, William Davis, and then for Charles Dibdin. She disappears from the records after marrying Edward Wilson. Although another source says that she married not Wilson but Clough and she appeared as Mrs Clough. ==Mary Bannister== Her younger sister Mary was also an accomplished equestrian performer and she was known for showing off her skills with swords whilst riding horses. She would train women to ride but she was known for appearing at Covent Garden and in pantomime. She retired after she married the tightrope dancer Thomas Wilson. She died in Camberwell on 20 November 1877. ==References== Category:1787 births Category:British horse trainers Category:Tightrope walkers Category:Year of death unknown Category:18th- century circus performers
+S Boötis is a Mira variable in the constellation Boötes. It ranges between magnitudes 7.8 and 13.8 over a period of approximately 270 days. ==References== Category:Boötes Category:Mira variables 126289 Category:M-type giants 070291 Boötis, S Category:Durchmusterung objects
+The S Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge, spanning Salt Fork about east of Old Washington, Ohio. Built in 1828, it is one of the best-preserved surviving bridges built for the westward expansion of the National Road from Wheeling, West Virginia to Columbus, Ohio. S bridges derive their name from the sharply curving approaches to the span. The bridge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The bridge is closed to traffic, and may be seen from Blend Road on the north and Rhinehart Road on the south. ==Description and history== The S Bridge is located about four miles east of Old Washington, just north of the current alignments of Interstate 70 and County Road 690. The latter provides access to the roads leading to the bridge, Blend Road and Rhinehart Road. The road alignment it follows is historically that of the National Road, and later United States Route 40. The bridge is approximately long, including approach elements. The main span is a segmented stone arch, whose crown is typically above the streambed. The bridge is built out of randomly laid ashlar stone, which rises to low parapets giving a roadway width of . There are large stone buttresses reinforcing each end of the arched section. The bridge's characteristic S shape is derived from the sharply curving approaches on either side of the main span. The National Road was a project authorized by the United States Congress when it created the state of Ohio, in order to provide a reliable transport route across the Appalachian Mountains. The road was completed to Wheeling in 1818, and Congress authorized an extension to Columbus in 1825. This bridge was built as part of that expansion project, and was the major route by which Ohio and the Old Northwest were settled. This is one of four surviving S bridges built in Ohio for the National Road. ==See also== *National Historic Landmarks in Ohio *List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio ==References== ==External links== * at the National Park Service's NRHP database Category:Bridges completed in 1828 Category:National Historic Landmarks in Ohio Category:National Road Category:Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Category:Transportation in Guernsey County, Ohio Category:National Register of Historic Places in Guernsey County, Ohio Category:Buildings and structures in Guernsey County, Ohio Category:Stone arch bridges in the United States
+S Burjavalasa is a village located in Dattirajeru tehsil of Vizianagaram District. It is 15 km away from Dattirajeru and 45 km away from Vizianagaram. ==References== Category:Villages in Vizianagaram district
+Satish Chandra Rai (12 February 1929 - 28 August 2016) was a surgeon from Uttar Pradesh. He was the first elected mayor of Lucknow and personal doctor to two Prime Ministers. == References == Category:1937 births Category:2016 deaths Category:Politicians from Lucknow Category:Mayors of Lucknow Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh
+S Canis Minoris is a variable star in the equatorial constellation Canis Minor. It has a peak apparent visual magnitude of , which lies below the minimum brightness that is normally visible to the naked eye. The star is located at a distance of approximately 1,600 light-years from the Sun based on stellar parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of about +68 km/s. This is an aging red giant star with a stellar classification of M7-8e, where the 'e' suffix indicates emission lines in the spectrum. It is a Mira-type long period variable that varies by an amplitude of 4.27 in visual magnitude over a period of . Evidence has been found of asymmetry in this star, suggesting a non-spherical shape. Abundance-wise, it is an oxygen-rich giant and the emission feature is of the oxygen-rich silicate class as it sheds silicate dust from its atmosphere. The star is shedding mass at the rate of ·yr−1. ==References== Category:M-type giants Category:Mira variables Category:Canis Minor Category:Durchmusterung objects 059950 036675 Canis Minoris, S Category:Emission-line stars
+The Bayer designations S Carinae and s Carinae are distinct. Due to technical limitations, both designations link here. For the star * S Carinae or HD 88366 * s Carinae or HD 90853 Carinae, A Category:Carina (constellation)

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+T, or t, is the twentieth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is tee (pronounced ), plural tees."T", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "tee", op. cit. It is derived from the Semitic Taw 𐤕 of the Phoenician and Paleo- Hebrew script (Aramaic and Hebrew Taw ת/𐡕/ 10 px, Syriac Taw ܬ, and Arabic ت Tāʼ) via the Greek letter τ (tau). In English, it is most commonly used to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, a sound it also denotes in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second-most commonly used letter in English-language texts. ==History== Phoenician Taw Etruscan T Greek Tau 30px 30px 45px Taw was the last letter of the Western Semitic and Hebrew alphabets. The sound value of Semitic Taw, Greek alphabet Tαυ (Tau), Old Italic and Latin T has remained fairly constant, representing in each of these; and it has also kept its original basic shape in most of these alphabets. ==Use in writing systems== ===English=== In English, usually denotes the voiceless alveolar plosive (International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA: ), as in tart, tee, or ties, often with aspiration at the beginnings of words or before stressed vowels. The digraph often corresponds to the sound (a voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant) word-medially when followed by a vowel, as in nation, ratio, negotiation, and Croatia. The letter corresponds to the affricate in some words as a result of yod-coalescence (for example, in words ending in "-ture", such as future). A common digraph is , which usually represents a dental fricative, but occasionally represents (as in Thomas and thyme.) In a few words of modern French origin, the letter T is silent at the end of a word; these include croquet and debut. ===Other languages=== In the orthographies of other languages, is often used for , the voiceless dental plosive , or similar sounds. ===Other systems=== In the International Phonetic Alphabet, denotes the voiceless alveolar plosive. ==Related characters== ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== *T with diacritics: Ť ť Ṫ ṫ ẗ Ţ ţ Ṭ ṭ Ʈ ʈ Ț ț ƫ Ṱ ṱ Ṯ ṯ Ŧ ŧ Ⱦ ⱦ Ƭ ƭ ᵵ ᶵ *Ꞇ ꞇ : Insular T, also used by William Pryce to designate the voiceless dental fricative [θ] *ᫎ : Combining small insular t was used in the Ormulum * : Turned small t is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) *𐞯 : Modifier letter small t with retroflex hook is a superscript IPA letter *𝼉 : Latin small letter t with hook and retroflex hook is a symbol for a voiceless retroflex implosive *𝼍 : Latin small turned t with curl is a click letter *Uralic Phonetic Alphabet- specific symbols related to T: ** ** ** ** *ₜ : Subscript small t was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 *ȶ : T with curl is used in Sino-Tibetanist linguistics *Ʇ ʇ : Turned capital T and turned small t were used in transcriptions of the Dakota language in publications of the American Board of Ethnology in the late 19th century *𝼪 : Small t with mid-height left hook was used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language. ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== *𐤕 : Semitic letter Taw, from which the following symbols originally derive **Τ τ : Greek letter Tau *** : Coptic letter Taw, which derives from Greek Tau ***Т т : Cyrillic letter Te, also derived from Tau *** : Gothic letter tius, which derives from Greek Tau ***𐌕 : Old Italic T, which derives from Greek Tau, and is the ancestor of modern Latin T **** : Runic letter teiwaz, which probably derives from old Italic T *ፐ : One of the 26 consonantal letters of Ge'ez script. The Ge'ez abugida developed under the influence of Christian scripture by adding obligatory vocalic diacritics to the consonantal letters. Pesa ፐ is based on Tawe ተ. ===Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations=== *™ : Trademark symbol *₮ : Mongolian tögrög *₸ : Kazakhstani tenge *৳ : Bangladeshi taka ==Computing codes== : 1 ==Other representations== == Explanatory notes == ==References== ==External links== * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters Category:Cross symbols
+T & AT&A;: Test and Albert. How Trish Stratus survived this I will never, ever know. was a professional wrestling tag team in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), consisting of Test and Albert. T & A had Trish Stratus as their team manager, with their name being a pun on the initials of the two wrestlers and the slang expression "T&A;" (referring to tits and ass), spawning numerous coarse jokes on fan's signs and from commentator Jerry Lawler in reference to the buxom Trish Stratus. ==History== Test and Albert met in Dory Funk Jr.'s training center, the Funkin' Conservatory, where they were trained. Following this, both men took on individual careers in the business leading them to the WWF, where they were repackaged as a tag team during 2000. On the March 19, 2000, episode of Sunday Night Heat Stratus made her debut with the gimmick of scouting wrestlers to form a team. Shortly after this, Test and Albert (who both wrestled on that show) became her wards. Their first match as a team was on the March 30 episode of SmackDown!, when they lost to the Hardy Boyz. Their first pay-per-view match was at WrestleMania 2000, when they defeated Steve Blackman and Al Snow. They competed against established teams in the WWF's tag team division, including Road Dogg and X-Pac, The Godfather and D'Lo Brown, and Holly Cousins, before beginning a feud with the Dudley Boyz. In a match against the Dudley Boyz at the Backlash 2000 pay-per-view Stratus was the recipient of a powerbomb through a table from Bubba Ray Dudley, although T & A won the match. They continued competing against teams including the Hardy Boyz and the Dudley Boyz for the next few months, and on June 25, they competed for the WWF Tag Team Championship in a four-way elimination match at King of the Ring, but were the first team eliminated after Matt Hardy pinned Test. Test, Albert and Stratus began a feud with the Hardy Boyz, Matt and Jeff, and their manager Lita, which led to a six-person intergender tag team match at Fully Loaded, which T & A lost when Lita pinned Stratus. During a feud with the Acolytes Protection Agency (APA), the two men parodied the team under the name T & APA (Test & Albert Protection Agency). As part of this feud, all three members of T & A were supposed to face Bradshaw and Faarooq of the APA and Lita in a six-person tag team match on October 22, at the No Mercy pay-per- view, but T & A attacked the APA backstage, so the match never started. They then attacked Lita at ringside until the Hardy Boyz saved her. A feud with Holly Cousins (Hardcore, Crash and Molly) followed, and at Survivor Series, the Holly Cousins, with Steve Blackman replacing Hardcore, defeated T & A in a six-person match when Molly pinned Stratus. In December 2000, Albert turned on Test, causing storyline internal injuries which resulted in bleeding from Test's mouth. Trish continued to manage Albert for a while, but eventually began a storyline involving Vince McMahon and eventually broke out as a wrestler on her own. Albert went on to join X-Pac and Justin Credible in their own stable, X-Factor. Test defeated William Regal to win the European title. He went on to feud with Eddie Guerrero over the European title before eventually joining The Alliance and later The Un-Americans. Test was released in November 2004 and returned in June 2006 and left again in January 2007. He died on March 13, 2009, in his Florida apartment. Albert was renamed A-Train in 2002 and was later released in November 2004, but returned in March 2012 as Lord Tensai or just Tensai. He would become the head coach for the WWE developmental branch in August 2014 for NXT. ==References== Category:WWE teams and stables
+The T & G Building stands on the corner of Queen Street and Albert Street in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. thumb|left|Close-up of the plaque The original building named for the T&G; (Temperance and General) Mutual Life Assurance Society Company stood from 1923 to 1966. == Occupation during World War II == The building was taken over by Lieutenant Robert Melloy of the Hirings Section, No. 1 Lines of Communication (No. 1 L of C), Australian Army, and was occupied from 20 February 1943 to 31 December 1944. The tenants of the building resisted the occupation, led by a Dr Streeter, and they formed a committee to submit a protest to the Federal Government. Lt. Melloy agreed to help them submit their protest, on the condition that they vacate the premises immediately a decision was made. Two hours after submitting their protest, Lt. Melloy received orders to proceed with the military occupation of the building. Upon being advised by Lt. Melloy of the outcome, Dr. Streeter was one of the first to leave the building. The building was used as the Headquarters for the US Army Forces in the Far East. == New T&G; Building == In 1969 a new version of the building was completed on the original site. It is 25 storeys high and at the time was Brisbane's tallest building. Today the building houses a variety of businesses, including a doctors' surgery, and a hairdressing salon. Other businesses include a watch repairer and taxation accountant. An arcade was established at the ground level. ==See also== *T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society *T & G Building, Geelong ==References== Category:Buildings and structures in Brisbane Category:Queen Street, Brisbane
+thumb|280px|T & G building in Geelong The T & G Building is a distinctive building in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is located on the corner of Moorabool and Ryrie Streets. The building's style is a blend of Art Deco and Classicism. Both of these styles can be noted in the buildings geometric grooves, vertical lines and stepped form. The exterior of the ground floor features chevron grill patterns, a feature that is particular of Art Deco archicture. Construction was announced by the T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society in June 1933, partly with the idea of stimulating employment while Geelong was still suffering the effects of the Great Depression. The building cost AU£37,000 ($74,000, about $ today) and was completed in 1934. In June 1934 the unique 'Father and Son' clock was switched on. As well as having the usual four clock faces at the top of the tower, the mechanism includes two life-sized cast bronze figures of a farmer and his son, in typical period farm-workers' dress, who emerge from a window in the south side of the upper section the tower and strike the hour on large bell they are both holding. They symbolise a father handing over responsibility to his son, and urging him to continue the good work. By the mid-1990s the building had fallen into disrepair, the clock was unreliable, and the Father and Son no longer appeared to strike the hour. A public campaign led by the Geelong Advertiser resulted in the repainting of the building and the clock being repaired. Much of the ground floor was vacant during 2012, but the building was bought and restored by Dean Montgomery and his brother. In mid-2014, it was purchased by Deakin University to use as student accommodation. The conversion of the building into 33 studio apartments and common areas was commissioned to Studio 101 Architects in Geelong and built by Nicholson Construction. ==See also== *T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society *T & G Building, Brisbane ==References== ==Further reading== *Begg, Peter. (1990). Geelong - The First 150 Years. Globe Press. Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1934 Category:Buildings and structures in Geelong Category:1934 establishments in Australia
+T & G Mutual Life Assurance Building is a heritage-listed office building at 45 Hunter Street, Newcastle, City of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. == History == The building was built in 1923 for McIlwraith McEacharn Line Pty Ltd and named Scottish House. It was designed by Spain and Cosh and built by contractors Stuart Brothers. The cost of the building and land amounted to approximately £100,000. In 1935, it was bought by the T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society for approximately £90,000, in what was then the biggest sale of any single freehold property in Newcastle. In the early 1990s, the building was known as Hunter House. ==Description== The T & G Building is a seven- storey rendered brick building in the English Renaissance style with a corner tower. It originally consisted of five storeys with a basement, with an additional two floors added after the building was bought by T & G. == Heritage listing == T & G Mutual Life Assurance Building was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. == See also == == References == === Attribution === ==External links== Category:New South Wales State Heritage Register Category:Newcastle, New South Wales Category:Office buildings in New South Wales Category:Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
+The T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society was an insurance company that operated in Australia and New Zealand.Investment Savings and Insurance Association (ISI) New Zealand The 'T & G' stood for 'Temperance & General'.State Library of Victoria: T & G (Temperance & General) Mutual Life Assurance Society Building The company was founded in Victoria in 1876,Guide to Australian Business Records emerging from the Assurance branch of the Independent Order of Rechabites with 132 policies. The branch was severed from the I.O.R. after six years of operations.Commemoration Centenary & History of T&G; Mutual Life Society By 1920, the society had 385,000 policies and by 1930 had grown to become the largest ordinary-industrial life society operating solely within Australia and New Zealand, with 737,000 policies, with an income of nearly £4 million, and assets totaling over £16 million. By 1952 the income had increased to £16 million and funds to £86 million. In 1983 the T&G; Society amalgamated with National Mutual.Townsville City Council: T & G BUILDING which was itself purchased by Axa in the 1990s. == The T&G; Buildings == The T&G; Mutual Life Assurance Society was notable amongst Australian insurance companies for expanding its reach and visibility with a building program of 20 almost matching landmark buildings in cities and town across Australia and New Zealand in the interwar period. Other insurance companies also built numerous office buildings in many cities, but fewer in number or not all in matching style. Colonial Mutual built about eight matching office blocks across Australasia and South Africa (designed by Hennessy & Hennessy), while AMP built far more, but in various styles over many decades. In the boom years of the 1880s they built prominent headquarters in Melbourne and Sydney, the Melbourne one on Swanston Street on the north side of the Melbourne Town Hall, and another even larger one in Sydney on Elizabeth Street on the corner of Park Street, overlooking Hyde Park. In 1908 T&G; purchased the large, ornate Edwardian Moirs Chambers in St Georges Terrace, Perth for its branch there, and had a presence in other cities and towns. Starting in the mid 1920s, T&G; buildings appeared in all the capital cities and numerous regional centres across Australia and New Zealand, the majority of which featured a landmark tower with a distinctive stepped top and the company's name in a kind of corporate advertising. All but one were designed by the Melbourne firm of A & K Henderson, those of the 1920s designed in a matching classical style, which evolved into a more varied vertical Art Deco style in the 1930s. The towers often made them the most prominent buildings in the smaller towns, and the Melbourne and Sydney T&G; buildings were amongst the largest, most prominent, interwar commercial buildings in both cities. In the postwar years, the T&G; continued this program, but in the form of more typical modernist office towers, branded mainly by the prominent signage. All except four of the interwar T&G; buildings still exist, and are often still landmarks in many towns and cities across Australasia. == List of T & G buildings == Interwar period *Australia ** Brisbane (T & G Building, Brisbane), cnr Albert and Queen Streets, completed 1924, A&K; Henderson. 9th mansard level added 1936, also by A&K; Henderson. (demolished c1970) ** Adelaide, cnr King William and Grenfell Streets, 1925, A&K; Henderson.Emporis: Adelaide T&G; Building In 2016 operating as the Quest on King William Hotel. ** Bendigo, 31-33 View Street, 1925, A&K; Henderson. ** Rockhampton, William Street, 1928, A&K; Henderson. ** Melbourne, cnr Collins and Russell Streets, 1929, extended 1939 to the west with new tower, and 1959 to the south, A&K; Henderson. ** Sydney, cnr Elizabeth and Park Streets, north half with tower completed 1930, southern in 1932, A&K; Henderson. (demolished c1976) ** Geelong (T & G Building, Geelong), Cnr Ryrie and Moorabool Street, completed 1934. A&K; Henderson ** Mildura, cnr Eighth and Langtree Mall, 1937, A&K; Henderson. (alterations to an earlier building) A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Mildura T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria ** Newcastle (T & G Mutual Life Assurance Building), cnr Hunter and Watt Streets, 1937 (addition of two floors and alterations to earlier building), A&K; Henderson. ** Hobart, cnr Collins and Murray Streets, 1938, A&K; Henderson.National Library of Australia: Murray St & T&G; [building] from St Davids [picture] : Hobart, Tasmania ** Horsham, cnr McLachlan and Firebrace Streets, 1940, A&K; Henderson.Image: Horsham street ** Warrnambool, cnr Liebig and Lava Streets, 1940, A&K; Henderson.A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Warrnambool T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria ** Albury, 553 Dean Street, tower front designed by A&K; Henderson added to an earlier building in 1940. ** Wagga Wagga, cnr Fitzmaurice Street and Gurwood. Possibly 1941 alteration of an earlier building. ** Townsville (T&G; Building, Townsville), cnr Flinders and Stanley Streets, designed 1939, A&K; Henderson.A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Auckland T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria Not built until well after the war, completed 1959 (demolished 2008) *thumb|T&G; Townsville, completed 1959, demolished 2008New Zealand **Christchurch, cnr Hereford and Liverpool Streets, 1926, A&K; Henderson with Alsop & Martin.A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Christchurch T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria Last known as Kenton Chambers, and demolished in 2011 following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. ** Wellington, cnr Lambton Quay and Grey Street, 1928, A&K; Henderson with Atkins & Mitchell as supervising architects. Now known as Harcourt's Building. ** Auckland, cnr Wellesley and Elliott Streets, 1929 alteration by A&K; Henderson of a 1909 warehouse.A&K; Henderson Architectural Drawings for Auckland T&G; held by the State Library of Victoria ** Napier, cnr Marine Parade and Emerson Street, 1936, Mitchell & Mitchell architects of Wellington. ** Palmerston North, 16-22 Broadway, 1938, A&K; Henderson Postwar ** Dunedin, New Zealand, 1956. ** Hamilton, 149 Alexandra Street, c1962. ** Perth, built in 1960, altered 1980s, now known as Citibank House ** Darwin, c1970. ** Brisbane, 1970 replacing the earlier building. ** Sydney, 1978, replacing the earlier building with a 40-storey tower. ==See also== * T & G Building, Brisbane * T & G Building, Geelong * T & G Building, Perth * T & G Building, Townsville * T & G Building, Wellington ==Notes== ==References== *Shirley Thomas, T & G : yours for life : the history of T & G Mutual Life Society Limited 1876-1976, T. & G. Mutual Life Society Limited ==External links== Category:Financial services companies established in 1876 Category:Defunct financial services companies of Australia Category:Insurance companies of Australia Category:1876 establishments in Australia
+T & T High School () is an educational institution in Motijheel T & T Colony, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Although the school was set up to cater for the children of the surrounding areas, students come from all parts of Dhaka. It was established in 1962 as a junior school, but was later converted to a high school. ==References== Category:High schools in Bangladesh Category:Educational institutions established in 1962 Category:Schools in Dhaka District Category:Organisations based in Motijheel Category:1962 establishments in East Pakistan
+T is an upcoming 2023 Indian Odia-language Biography film directed by Jitesh Kumar Parida, starring Debasish Sahoo, Prasanjeet Mohapatra, Usasi Misra, Ranbeeir Kalsi and Hara Rath. The film is a biography based on India's first transgender Taxi Driver Meghna Sahoo. ==Plot== Meghna, born as Vishnu, is subjected to abuse for exhibiting feminine behavior. She later turns to sex work in the Kinnar locality to explore her sexuality. After getting a corporate job, Meghna is terminated when her transgender identity is discovered. She undergoes sex reassignment surgery and starts working as India's first transgender taxi driver. Meghna becomes an advocate for the kinnar community and engages in social work to help improve their lives. Despite facing opposition and violence, Meghna remains dedicated to her cause and becomes a leader of her community. ==Cast== *Debasish Sahoo *Prasanjeet Mohapatra *Usasi Misra *Ranbeeir Kalsi *Hara Rath ==Production== The trailer and poster of social film ‘T’ was showcased at the India pavilion during the 75th Cannes Film Festival The film is slated for April, 2023 release. == References == == External links == * Category:2020s Odia-language films Category:Indian biographical drama films Category:2023 films Category:Upcoming films Category:Indian LGBT-related films Category:2023 LGBT-related films Category:Films about trans women Category:Biographical films about LGBT people
+The T Second Avenue Local is a prospective rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. It is proposed to run on the Second Avenue Subway in Manhattan and its route symbol will be . The first phase of the Second Avenue Subway opened in January 2017, from 63rd Street to 96th Street, and is served by the train. * * * The full Second Avenue Line will be built in four phases, and the planned T service will not run until the third phase of the line opens from Houston Street to 63rd Street. Currently, the third phase is not funded or scheduled. From 1961 to 1968, the T and TT designations were also used for trains running along the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn, which was replaced by the train and later by the W. The West End Line is now served by the . ==Historical designation== ===Original service=== 100px Original 3 designation for the West End Line The T designation was originally used for West End local and express trains in Brooklyn. The elevated BMT West End Line opened in 1916, replacing the original West End surface Line that opened in 1863 and branched off of the former Fifth Avenue Elevated. The BMT West End Line connected to the recently- opened BMT Fourth Avenue Line subway. The new elevated line's service was originally labeled 3 by the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT). On June 24, 1916, 3 service began running between 18th Avenue and Chambers Street on the BMT Nassau Street Line via the Manhattan Bridge and the Nassau Street Loop. This service was extended to 25th Avenue on July 29, 1916 and Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue on December 23, 1918. On September 4, 1917, the first part of the BMT Broadway Line opened, and 3 service ran to 14th Street–Union Square. Chambers Street service was probably suspended until the remainder of the Nassau Street loop was completed. Service began running to the newly opened Times Square–42nd Street station on January 15, 1918. Service began running part-time to 57th Street–Seventh Avenue on July 10, 1919, and this extension was probably axed in 1920. The BMT Nassau Street Line and the Nassau Loop were completed on May 31, 1931. Weekday rush hour service and Saturday morning local resumed service from Bay Parkway or 62nd Street to Chambers Street running via the Montague Tunnel, and returning via the Manhattan Bridge south tracks. The Saturday morning rush hour local service to Chambers Street, on June 24, 1950, was discontinued. All express trains began running to 57th Street on May 2, 1957. On October 24, 1957, late night service was replaced by locals to Chambers Street, running via the tunnel in both directions, and terminating at Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue. Express service was eliminated during middays, being replaced by locals extended to Coney Island on May 28, 1959. At this time all locals to Chambers Street began running via the tunnel in both directions. 90px|90px R10–R38 rollsigns Letters began appearing in the summer of 1961, when R27 subway cars began running on the line. Express trains were given the label of T, and the locals were given the label of TT, in accordance with the Independent Subway System's old system labeling express trains with single letters and local trains with double letters. On January 1, 1961, rush hour T expresses began running to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard in along the BMT Astoria Line in Queens, and until April 2, 1962 so did Saturday service. TT local service on January 1 began running between Bay Parkway and Chambers Street. During middays, local service only ran between Coney Island and Chambers Street. After April 2, 1962, T service began running to 57th Street during evenings and Saturdays; on nights and Sundays TT shuttle service ran to 36th Street. On May 2, 1962, T trains ceased stopping at 49th Street. ===Post-Chrystie Street Connection=== File:TT Train (1967).svg Short-lived TT bullet from 1967-1968 alt=R32 T Line Roll Sign|thumb|209x209px|T appearing on an R32 rollsign The T was discontinued on November 26, 1967, after the Chrystie Street Connection opened. This connection linked the new express tracks of the IND Sixth Avenue Line to the Manhattan Bridge, allowing for increased subway service between Brooklyn and Midtown Manhattan. As a consequence, the connection between the Nassau Street Line and the Manhattan Bridge was severed, ending the Nassau Street Loop in Lower Manahttan. The BB, a Sixth Avenue Line service which formerly operated solely in Manhattan, was now extended to Brooklyn via the Manhattan Bridge, running along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line and BMT West End Line to Coney Island. This new B service replaced T and TT service into Manhattan. However, late-night and Sunday shuttle service between Coney Island and 36th Street was still labeled TT. The new color scheme for subway routes introduced that day included a blue TT bullet. On July 1, 1968, the TT designation was discontinued entirely with late-night and Sunday shuttle service labeled B instead. In the 40 or so years after the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection, a series of service changes caused by construction work led to service patterns temporarily mimicking those of the original T and TT services. From April 26, 1986 to December 11, 1988, the northern tracks of the Manhattan Bridge, leading to the Sixth Avenue Line, closed for repairs, akin to the conditions of the subway prior to the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection. During this time, the T's old service pattern was almost exactly recreated, with B service running via Broadway Express from Coney Island to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard during rush hours, and during middays, evenings and weekends to Queensboro Plaza. The TT's route via the BMT Nassau Street Line was replicated in 1987, when the M was rerouted from the Brighton Line to the West End Line running to Bay Parkway. The M ran on the BMT Nassau Street and West End Lines on weekdays until June 25, 2010. The Manhattan Bridge's north side tracks closed for repairs again on July 22, 2001; B service in Brooklyn via the Sixth Avenue Line was replaced by the new service, running via Broadway express to Astoria-Ditmars Boulevard, essentially recreating the T route once again.BMT West End Line This lasted until February 22, 2004, when, following the completion of repairs to the Manhattan Bridge, the was rerouted over the West End Line, providing full-time service via Sixth Avenue Express, which continues today. The T bullet appeared on R32 rollsigns as a black letter on a white circle. The T was programmed into R44 and R46 side signs as a West End route, with various Broadway, Sixth Avenue and Nassau Street designations. ==Planned Second Avenue Subway service== ===Designation=== During planning for the Second Avenue Subway in the early 2000s, the MTA decided to designate the line's future full-length service with the letter T, in part because: * The letters O and I are too easily confused with the digits 0 and 1, respectively. * The letter K was used until the late 1980s to denote services on the IND Eighth Avenue Line, and earlier on the BMT Jamaica Line, and thus is not preferred. * The letter V was in use at the time (and until 2010) to denote services on the IND Sixth Avenue Line and IND Queens Boulevard Line. * H is the Rockaway Park Shuttle's internal route designator. * The letters P, U and Y are more easily confused with common words. The Ts route emblem is colored (hex triplet #00ADD0, which could also be considered robin's egg blue or teal) because the color had also been used for the JFK Express in the past. In 2011, turquoise was considered "the color of the year", and at the time of the color's selection in the 2000s, it was also considered a very upscale color. ===Planned service pattern=== When the construction of the Second Avenue Subway's Phase 3 is completed, the proposed T service will operate from Harlem–125th Street to Houston Street. After Phase 4 opens, T service will run the full length of the line, from Harlem–125th Street to Hanover Square. The new T service is planned to operate at a frequency of 14 trains per hour during rush hours. As planned, the T will use the following lines with the same service pattern at all times. Line From To Tracks IND Second Avenue Line Harlem–125th Street Houston Street (Phase 3) all IND Second Avenue Line Harlem–125th Street Hanover Square (Phase 4) all ===Planned station listing=== Should Phase 3 of the Second Avenue Subway be built, the proposed T route would run entirely in Manhattan and would be the only non-shuttle New York City Subway service to run only within one borough. Station Phase Transfers and connections Notes Manhattan Introduction in Phase 3 Introduction in Phase 3 Introduction in Phase 3 Introduction in Phase 3 Introduction in Phase 3 2 Northern terminal station for train (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) M60 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport connection to Harlem–125th Street (Metro-North Railroad) at Lexington Avenue and 125th Street 2 2 1 1 1 55th Street 3 (IND Queens Boulevard Line) at (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) at 42nd Street 3 (IRT Flushing Line) (IRT 42nd Street Shuttle) (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) at Grand Central–42nd Street connection to Grand Central Terminal (Metro-North Railroad, with connection to Long Island Rail Road once East Side Access Project is completed) 34th Street 3 M34/M34A Select Bus Service 23rd Street 3 M23 Select Bus Service 14th Street 3 (BMT Canarsie Line) at Houston Street 3 (IND Sixth Avenue Line) at Southern terminal station for train (Phase 3) Phase 4 extension Phase 4 extension Phase 4 extension Phase 4 extension Phase 4 extension 4 (IND Sixth Avenue Line) Chatham Square 4 at Worth Street Seaport 4 at Fulton Street Hanover Square 4 at Old Slip Southern terminal station for train (Phase 4) ==References== Category:Defunct New York City Subway services
+T is the third Japanese studio album (sixth overall) by South Korean pop group Tohoshinki, released on January 22, 2008 by Rhythm Zone. It at #4 on the Oricon weekly charts. The album's biggest competition in sales was with Zard's "Zard Request Best: Beautiful Memory", the last album after its lead vocalist Izumi Sakai's death in 2007. According to the members, the "T" stands for several things, such as "Tohoshinki", "Title", "Third" album, "Top" and "Try".Mashup! 音王 MUSIO Interview 1/15/08 It could also stand for "Trick/Trust" and the group's "Teamwork". A week before the album's release, the single " Purple Line" had debuted and reached #1 in Oricon weekly sales. The management played a different strategy to promote the album by splitting the members into teams which travelled separately to different cities in Japan for a week and appeared on radio shows and TV programs. The song "Kiss したまま、さよなら" was specially composed and written by members Micky Yoochun and Hero Jaejoong, included only in 2CD+2DVD version. The song Trick is a song that is a mix of 5 songs (released after the album), each dedicated to a separate member. The first letter in the following five singles spell out the name 'Trick'. ==Music videos== Several songs in the album were singles previously released which had associated music videos, however not all are included in the DVD of the album. List of songs with PVs, in order of release: * "Lovin' You" * "Summer Dream" * "Shine/Ride On" * "Last Angel" * "Forever Love" * "Together" * "Purple Line" ==Track listing== ;Notes * CD + DVD and 2 CD + 2 DVD versions do not include tracks 14 & 15 ("Forever Love (Acappella version)" & "Lovin' You (Haru's "Deep Water" Mix)") ==Release history== Country Date Label Japan January 22, 2008 Rhythm Zone Hong Kong January 30, 2008 Avex Asia South Korea SM Entertainment China February 2008 Polydor China ==Charts and sales== ===Oricon sales charts (Japan) Oricon Style=== Release Chart Peak position Sales total January 23, 2008 Oricon Daily Albums Chart 2 30,003 Oricon Weekly Albums Chart 4 52,273 Oricon Monthly Albums Chart 30 52,273 Oricon Yearly Albums Chart 98,459 ===Korea foreign albums & singles chart=== Release Chart Position Sales Total January 30, 2008 January Monthly Chart 무제 문서 1 21,412 February 29, 2008 February Monthly Chart 무제 문서 6 26,983 March 31, 2008 March Monthly Chart 무제 문서 12 29,161 ===Singles included in album=== Date Title Chart position 2007-06-13 "Lovin' You" 2 2007-08-01 "Summer: Summer Dream/Song for You/Love in the Ice" 2 2007-09-19 "Shine/Ride On" 2 2007-11-14 "Forever Love" 4 2007-12-09 "Together" 3 2008-01-16 "Purple Line" 1 ==References== Category:2008 albums Category:TVXQ albums Category:Avex Group albums Category:Japanese-language albums
+240px|thumb|right|(detailed) Close-up of hieroglyphs; 2 uses of t. The ancient Egyptian Bread bun hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. X1 for the side view of a bread bun. It is also the simple shape of a semicircle. The hieroglyph is listed under the Gardiner category of loaves and cakes. The bread bun hieroglyph is used in the Ancient Egyptian language hieroglyphs for the alphabetic consonant letter t.Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, uniliteral: U23, p. 62-63. A later alternative t, is a pestle, with curved top, Gardiner U33. U33 =="Bread bun/semi-circle" as feminine determiner== Besides alphabetic-t, the bread bun is used for words that are feminine, as an end qualifying determinant, often shown before other qualifying ideograms or determinants in the hieroglyphic word block-(quadrat hieroglyphic block). It is one of the most frequently used signs in hieroglyphic writing. ==Palermo Stone== The t hieroglyph is used extensively throughout the Palermo Stone of the 24th to 23rd century BC, and it is used in the first row (Row I of VI), for the naming of King Tiu of Lower Egypt (a King of the North). ===Palermo Stone, King Series, Row I (predynastic)=== The following is the list of predynastic pharaohs (Nile Delta north) represented on the Palermo Piece of the 7-piece Palermo Stone: The sequence is in the proper order with the beginning Pharaoh on the right: (reading right-to-left, seven complete names pictured in year- registers): *Mekh, Wazner, Neheb, Thesh, Tiu (Tiu), Khayu, Hsekiu. \---- .G17:F32.M13:K5.N35:U14.V13:N39..X1*M17:G43..L6:E9.S29:D28 *Owl...Papyrus...Ripple......Tether...Bread&Feather.Bivalve...Cloth; *Belly.....Fish......Plow........Lake.............Quail.........Newborn...Ka Note: On the Palermo Stone all the hieroglyphs face in the other direction (Gardiner signs are only facing left; on the stone they face right (reading right-to-left)). The source of the following Pharaohs is only from this King List; a few have artifacts that further confirm their reign (the Double Falcon King). The pharaohs deficient in information are: Hsekiu, Khayu, Tiu (pharaoh), Thesh, Neheb, Wazner, Mekh. File:Narmer-Tjet2.JPG|Narmer Palette detail, from late 3rd millennium Ancient Egypt File:PelermoStoneFragment- PetrieMuseum.png|Nile River flood levels recorded on 1-piece of the 7--piece Palermo Stone. Note the 2-uses of t. File:Pietra di Palermo (geroglifici) 1.jpg|Palermo piece (at Palermo Museum), of the 7--piece Palermo Stone ==The Egyptian hieroglyph alphabetic letters== The following two tables show the Egyptian uniliteral signs. (24 letters, but multiple use hieroglyphs) a G1 y M17-M17 ' D36 (w,u) G43 B b P p M G17 N N35 R D21 H1 h H2 H Kh2 F32 S O34 (Sh)=Š N37 Q/K2 N29 K k T t Ch--Tj V13 D d Dj I10 L/(R) (special) (Ptolemaic, etc.) E23 \-- -- -- -- a i (ee) y ii ' ah, (aïn) w, (u) (oo) B P F M N R H1 H2 (Kh)1 (Kh)2 S Sh (Sh) K emphatic K G T Tj Ch Tsh D Dj (additionally 4 for vert/horiz) -- -- -- -- -- Aa15 M (horiz) M2-Plinth S3 N (vert) (see: N (red crown)) S29 S (vert) S (folded) cloth) File:Egyptian-M.png M (3rd-M -2nd-vert) M3-Baker's tool (vertical) (additionally 3 for equivalents) -- -- -- -- -- M17-M17-(2-reeds) is--Z4-(2-strokes) y2-Two strokes G43-(quail) is--Z7-(coil) letter w, u (see w2-Coil) U33 T (no. 2) T2-Pestle ==See also== *Gardiner's Sign List#X. Loaves and Cakes *List of Egyptian hieroglyphs ==References== ==Bibliography== *Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, Ruth Schumann-Antelme, and Stéphane Rossini. c 1998, English trans. 2002, Sterling Publishing Co. (Index, Summary lists (tables), selected uniliterals, biliterals, and triliterals.) (softcover, ) Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: alphabet-vulture-a-to-cobra-dj Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: loaves and cakes
+thumb|right|Earlier design of the cover of T: The New York Times Style Magazine T: The New York Times Style Magazine is a perfect-bound magazine publication of The New York Times newspaper dedicated to fashion, living, beauty, holiday, travel, and design coverage. It was launched in August 2004. It was published 13 times per year between 2013 and 2016, and since January 2017 has been published 11 times per year. It is distributed with the Sunday edition of the newspaper. Janet Froelich was creative director until 2009. T is not a supplement of The New York Times Magazine, but a distinct publication with its own staff. Since December 2007, an international edition has been distributed with the weekend edition of The New York Times International Edition (or International New York Times, formerly the International Herald Tribune). In 2010, its first country-specific edition, T Qatar was launched by Ravi Raman. It was followed by T China, T Japan, T Singapore and T Spain the first licensed edition in the European market. ==Editorship== Stefano Tonchi was editor until 2010; his replacement was Sally Singer. Singer left in 2012 and was replaced by Deborah Needleman. In 2013, Brendan Monaghan was announced as the first publisher, whilst Monaghan and Sebastian Tomich were jointly named vice presidents of advertising. Monaghan departed T in 2015 and in March 2016, former Women's Health Associate Publisher, Elizabeth Webbe Lunny joined the magazine as Vice President and Publisher. Deborah Needleman left T in late November 2016, after four years in the position. Executive editor Whitney Vargas was filling in for Needleman in the interim, but Vargas left the magazine in February. T's previous articles editor Nick Haramis recently took the job of editor-in-chief of Interview magazine. Under Needleman's leadership, T underwent a redesign and increased its ad pages. The luxury magazine had its ad pages grow by 30 percent in the first three quarters of 2016, compared to the same period in 2012, to 934 pages, according to Business of Fashion. Since the editorial departures, T’s advertising business under Lunny has largely been down with steep declines in paging in key 2017 Women's & Men's Spring Fashion issues. In 2017, Hanya Yanagihara took the helm as the editor-in-chief of T. ==Awards== The American Society of Magazine Editors' National Magazine Awards, sometimes known as "Ellies," were given to the New York Times Style Magazine and the New York Times Magazine in 2019. Both publications are owned by the same company. In 2021, the New York Times Style Magazine won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence, Service, and Lifestyle, one of the most prestigious honors given by the American Society of Magazine Editors each year. Mamadi Doumbouya, a photographer who works with the Magazine, was named a recipient of an ASME Next award. T also had a finalist in the video category for "Long Island’s Enduring Black Beachfront Community," directed by Joshua Kissi. ==References== ==External links== * Category:Lifestyle magazines published in the United States Category:Magazines established in 2004 Category:Magazines published in New York City Category:The New York Times Category:Newspaper supplements Category:Sunday magazines
+t is a novel by Victor Pelevin first published in 2009. The novel recounts the journey of the martial arts master Count T. (a reference to Leo Tolstoy), who escapes from his home persecuted by the tsarist police and makes his way to the Optina Monastery, which in the context of this novel takes on the features not of the famous monastery of Orthodoxy, but of some Shambhala, or some obscure place of spiritual enlightenment that exists in the real world. The leitmotif of this novel-metaphor is the relationship between author and hero, creator and creature, predestination and free will. ==Plot== The main hero of the book, Count T., also known as Iron Beard, is a menace of villains and a favorite of the capital's "yellow" press, an adventurer and bon vivant, an expert in cross-dressing, a master of martial arts "naznas" (or "non- resistance to evil by violence"), a good shooter an excellent thrower of knives and other sharpened objects. The action of the novel begins in the early 20th century, on the train. In the compartment traveling gentleman in a checkered jacket and a priest, they are talking about Count Tolstoy. Then all of a sudden they pull out their pistols. It turns out that one is a disguised Count T., and the other is a detective who is after him. The Count leaps from the window of the train, and the gendarmes knock on the compartment door. The prototype of this grotesque character was, of course, the great Russian classic Leo Tolstoy, who turned into a superhero, a "Russian Zorro" with the battle cry "Beware! As is the custom with superheroes, Count T. makes a quest – to spite his enemies seeks the Optina Monastery, of which, due to a slight concussion, he remembers nothing but the name. On his way he sweeps away hordes of foes and has enlightened conversations with his compartment mate, the provincial landlady and the gypsy baron... Pretty soon Count T. learns that he is only a character in a book that is composed not even by one author, and the whole brigade of literary slaves, working at the request of a publishing house, expecting to earn money on the novel. From this moment begins traditional for Pelevin arguments about what is the author, the world, the reader – and whether there is at all Count T., if all his words, thoughts and actions are no more than letters on the monitor, and his life irreversibly changes depending on whether the team of authors is writing an action movie, a patriotic drama or content for a computer shooter. Other extraordinary figures also appear on the pages of the book: Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, a champion of axe-fighting and dismemberment of dead souls, Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov, Vasily Ivanovich Chapayev, and some others. Like most of Pelevinin's novels, this one, too, is divided into exactly three parts. * 1. The false facade, the imitation of reality. * 2. The hero's gradual epiphany and dealing with all sorts of clues that explain to him that everything is not really what it seems. * 3. Finally, the hero's attempt to become himself, to get out of false fetters. The difference between this novel and the previous ones is the unexpectedly loud, humanistic ending. The heroes of previous novels, having achieved true knowledge, most often simply left our world, moving into another, either joyfully bright or sadly sad. In this novel, the hero discovers that he does in fact exist, that he is not a fiction, and that those who allegedly manipulate him are in fact only suggesting it. At the end of the novel, Tolstoy is already talking to his horse without fear, for he knows that although demons do exist, they simply cannot be succumbed to. The horse reads his new poems to the Count. ==References== Category:Novels by Victor Pelevin Category:2009 novels Category:2009 Russian novels
+T 1173/97 100px| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office Issued July 1, 1998 Board composition {| align="center" Chairman: P. K. J. van den Berg Members: V. Di Cerbo, R. R. K. Zimmermann T 1173/97, also known as Computer program product/IBM or simply Computer program product, is a decision of a Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), issued on July 1, 1998. It is a landmark decision for interpreting Article 52(2) and (3) of the European Patent Convention (EPC) and whether computer programs are excluded from patentability under the EPC. It mainly held that :"a computer program product is not excluded from patentability under if, when it is run on a computer, it produces a further technical effect which goes beyond the "normal" physical interactions between program (software) and computer (hardware)".T 1173/97, headnote 1. Decision T 1173/97 distinguished computer programs with a technical character from those with a non-technical character, and was thus based on an approach differing "Slightly different" according to the Board, in reasons 11. 5. from the view taken by a number of previous decisions of the Boards of Appeal that all computer programs were excluded under Art. 52(2)(c) and (3) EPC.T 1173/97, reasons 11.1. Examples of such previous decisions are cited in the reasons 11.2. T 1173/97, along with T 935/97 (not published in the Official Journal of the EPO), are considered to be "groundbreaking decisions".Ian Muir, Matthias Brandi-Dohrn, Stephan Gruber, European Patent Law: Law and Procedure Under the EPC and PCT, 2002, Oxford University Press, , page 135 (see also page 137). The Enlarged Board of Appeal has described T 1173/97 as :"seminal in its definition of 'further technical effect' and abandonment of the contribution approach to [the exclusion under Article 52(2) and (3) EPC]".Opinion G 3/08 of May 12, 2010, Reasons 10.8.1. == Reasoning == The Board first examined the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the EPC.T 1173/97, reasons 2.1. It confirmed that the TRIPS Agreement could not be directly applied to the EPC, but thought it appropriate to take the TRIPS Agreement into consideration, since it "gives a clear indication of current trends".T 1173/97, reasons 2.3. The Board considered that "it is the clear intention of TRIPS [and in particular Art. 27(1) TRIPS Art. 27(1) TRIPS states that "patents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application".] not to exclude from patentability any inventions, whatever field of technology they belong to, and therefore, in particular, not to exclude programs for computers". The Board however pointed out that "the only source of substantive patent law for examining European patent applications [at that moment was] the European Patent Convention".T 1173/97, reasons 3. The Board therefore considered Art. 52(2) and (3) EPC and concluded that the combination of Art. 52(2) and (3) EPC (exclusion of computer programs, but only when the application relates to computer programs "as such") "demonstrates that the legislators did not want to exclude from patentability all programs for computers".T 1173/97, reasons 4.1. The Board then endeavored to determine the meaning of the expression "as such" in Article 52(3) EPC.T 1173/97, reasons 4.2. It concluded that, if a computer program has a technical character, it should be considered patentable, since the technical character of an invention is generally accepted as an essential requirement for its patentability,T 1173/97, reasons 5.1 to 5.4. In other words, "having technical character means not being excluded from patentability under the "as such" provision pursuant to Article 52(3) EPC."T 1173/97, reasons 9.4. === Technical character === The Board next held that :"[for] the purpose of interpreting the exclusion from patentability of programs for computers under Article 52(2) and (3) EPC, ... programs for computers cannot be considered as having a technical character for the very reason that they are programs for computers".T 1173/97, reasons 6.1. otherwise, since all computer programs are suitable to run on a computer, no distinction could be made between, on the one hand, computer programs with a technical character and, on the other hand, computer programs as such.T 1173/97, reasons 6.3. In other words, the mere fact that an invention is a computer program is not a sufficient reason to conclude that it has a technical character, when interpreting these legal provisions. The technical character of computer programs, in view of these provisions, was found by the Board in the "further effects deriving from the execution (by the hardware) of the instructions given by the computer program", where these further effects have a technical character.T 1173/97, reasons 6.4. An invention which brings about a technical effect may be considered to be an invention. A computer program must be considered to be invention within the meaning of Art. 52(1) EPC if it produces a technical effect.T 1173/97, reasons 6.5. Elaborating more on the further technical effect, the Board held that "a computer program product may ... possess a technical character because it has the potential to cause a predetermined further technical effect." Therefore "computer programs products are not excluded from patentability under all circumstances". To summarize, the Board held that: :"a computer program claimed by itself is not excluded from patentability if the program, when running on a computer or loaded into a computer, brings about, or is capable of bringing about, a technical effect which goes beyond the "normal" physical interactions between the program (software) and the computer (hardware) on which it is run".T 1173/97, reasons 13. The Board also took the view that :"it does not make any difference whether a computer program is claimed by itself or as a record on a carrier". === Remittal === The case was then remitted to the first instance, i.e. the Examining Division, for further prosecution, and "in particular for examination of whether the wording of the ... claims [avoided] exclusion from patentability under Article 52(2) and (3) EPC."T 1173/97, order 2. === Opinion on the contribution approach === The Board also used the opportunity to state that "determining the technical contribution an invention achieves with respect to the prior art is ... more appropriate for the purpose of examining novelty and inventive step than for deciding on possible exclusion under Article 52(2) and (3)."T 1173/97, reasons 8. This was later emphasized in decisions T 931/95 and T 258/03. == Later legal developments == As explained by the Enlarged Board of Appeal in its opinion G 3/08 of May 12, 2010, one particular view taken by the Board in decision T 1173/97 was not followed by later case law, in particular by later decision T 424/03. The Board in T 1173/97 took the view that it did not make any difference whether a computer program is claimed by itself or as a record on a carrier (in both cases a "further technical effect" would be required to comply with Article 52(2) and (3) EPC). This view however has been considered by the Enlarged Board of Appeal as contrary to the own premises of T 1173/97.Opinion G 3/08 of May 12, 2010, Reasons 10.8.8. The Board in T 424/03 (following and extending the reasoning of decision T 258/03) came to the conclusion that a claim to a computer program on a computer-readable medium necessarily avoids exclusion from patentability under Article 52(2) EPC,G 3/08, Reasons 10.7. restricting the need of a "further technical effect" (to meet the provisions of Article 52(2) and (3) EPC) to computer programs claimed by themselves (i.e., not claimed on a computer-readable medium for instance). == See also == * Software patents under the European Patent Convention * List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC * G 3/08, opinion issued by the Enlarged Board of Appeal following a referral by the President of the European Patent Office on the question of patentability of computer programs; the referral was eventually rejected as inadmissible == Notes and references == == External links == * Decision T 1173/97 on the "EPO boards of appeal decisions" section of the EPO web site * Category:Software patent case law Category:European Patent Office case law Category:1998 in case law Category:1998 in Europe
+T 258/03 100px| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office Issued April 21, 2004 Board composition {| align="center" Chairman: S. V. Steinbrener Members: R. S. Wibergh, B. J. Schachenmann T 258/03, also known as Auction Method/Hitachi, is a decision of a Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), issued on April 21, 2004. It is a landmark decision for interpreting Article 52(1) and (2) of the European Patent Convention (EPC) which built on the principles suggested by the same Board in T 641/00 (Comvik, Two identities). This decision, amongst others, but notably this one and T 641/00, significantly affected the assessment of an invention’s technical character and inventive step. It mainly stated that "a method involving technical means [was] an invention within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC"T 258/03, headnote 1 and in stating so contrasts with T 931/95 (Pension Benefit Systems Partnership), which held that "the mere fact that data processing and computing means, i.e. technical means, [were] recited in a method claim [did] not necessarily confer a technical character to the claimed method".T 931/95, Reasons 3 T 258/03 put apparatus and method claims on an equal footing for the patentability examination of Article 52(2) EPC. In other words, the Board of Appeal in this decision "pointed the way to the new test and argued that the term ‘invention’ in the definition of patentable inventions set out in Article 52(1) of the EPC was merely to be construed as ‘subject matter having technical character’. Thus, the presence of computer hardware in a claim to a business method, providing a technical character, would now be sufficient to overcome the business method objection, regardless of technical contribution."Nick Reeve, Down to business, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, July 2007; 2: 445 - 451. == Reasoning on patentable subject- matter == The invention in the application under examination related to an "automatic Dutch auction method executed in a server computer". The Board of Appeal first made it clear that: # there are four requirements to be fulfilled for some claimed subject-matter to be patented: "(1) it should be an "invention", and this invention must be (2) new, (3) inventive, and (4) industrially applicable",T 258/03, Reasons 3.1 that # the term "invention" is to be construed as "subject-matter having technical character", and finally that # the "verification that claimed subject-matter is an invention within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC" must be done before performing the three other tests, i.e. the novelty, the inventive step and the industrial applicability tests. Consequently, and having regard to the structure of the EPC, the Board held that "it should be possible to determine whether subject- matter is excluded under Article 52(2) EPC without any knowledge of the state of the art (including common general knowledge)". This approach confirmed that the Boards of Appeal of the EPO have abandoned the "contribution approach", which consisted in deciding whether a claimed subject-matter is an invention by deciding whether it brought forward a contribution to the art in a field non excluded from patentability, and therefore by inherently taking into account prior art during this first step.T 258/03, Reasons 3.2 and 3.3 The Board then confirmed the fact that a mixture of technical and non-technical feature may be patentable,T 258/03, Reasons 3.4 and inferred that "a compelling reason for not refusing under Article 52(2) EPC subject-matter consisting of technical and non-technical features is simply that the technical features may in themselves turn out to fulfil all requirements of Article 52(1) EPC."T 258/03, Reasons 3.5 Therefore, an apparatus claim comprising clearly technical features such as a "server computer", "client computers" and a "network" is an invention within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC (as held in T 931/95).T 258/03, Reasons 3.7 But, the Board also held that the approach also applies to method claims, thus departing from T 931/95. The Board justified this with the following analysis: :"an assessment of the technical character of a method based on the degree of banality of the technical features of the claim would involve remnants of the contribution approach by implying an evaluation in the light of the available prior art or common general knowledge."T 258/03, Reasons 4.3 What may be viewed as general guidelines for the examination of patentable subject-matter under the EPC were then stated or confirmed: :"What matters having regard to the concept of "invention" within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC is the presence of technical character which may be implied by the physical features of an entity or the nature of an activity, or may be conferred to a nontechnical activity by the use of technical means. Hence, (...), activities falling within the notion of a non-invention "as such" would typically represent purely abstract concepts devoid of any technical implications."T 258/03, Reasons 4.5 == Consequences == This "comparatively broad interpretation of the term "invention" in Article 52(1) EPC will include activities which are so familiar that their technical character tends to be overlooked, such as the act of writing using pen and paper." However, as the Board put it, "this does not imply that all methods involving the use of technical means are patentable. They still have to be new, represent a non-obvious technical solution to a technical problem, and be susceptible of industrial application."T 258/03, Reasons 4.6 == Reasoning on inventive step == Although the claims were held to be inventions within the meaning of Article 52(1), (2) and (3) EPC, they were found to lack inventive step. The application was refused. More precisely, the invention was viewed as a mixture of technical and non-technical features, and was assessed with respect to the requirement of inventive step by taking account only the features which contributing to a technical character (in accordance with the principles of T 641/00).T 258/03, Reasons 5.3 No step of the claimed method was found to be designed "in such a way as to be particularly suitable for being performed on a computer" so that it may have contribute in a technical manner to inventive step.T 258/03, Reasons 5.8 A particular method step which may have been a candidate involving technical contribution was found by the Board to result from "a routine programming measure well within the reach of the skilled person". == See also == * G 3/08, opinion of the Enlarged Board of Appeal * List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC * Software patents under the European Patent Convention == References == == External links == * Decision T 258/03 on the "EPO boards of appeal decisions" section of the EPO web site * Category:Software patent case law Category:European Patent Office case law Category:2004 in case law Category:2004 in Europe Category:Auction case law
+T 641/00 100px| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office Issued September 26, 2002 Board composition {| align="center" Chairman: S. V. Steinbrener Members: S. C. Perryman, R. R. K. Zimmermann T 641/00, also known as Two identities/COMVIK, is a decision of a Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), issued on September 26, 2002. It is a landmark decision regarding the patentable subject matter requirement and inventive step under the European Patent Convention (EPC). More generally, it is a significant decision regarding the patentability of business methods and computer-implemented inventions under the EPC. The Board in T 641/00 held that: :An invention consisting of a mixture of technical and non-technical features and having technical character as a whole is to be assessed with respect to the requirement of inventive step by taking account of all those features which contribute to said technical character whereas features making no such contribution cannot support the presence of inventive step.T 641/00, Headnote 1. Non-technical aspects of an invention must be treated as constraints in the formulation of the objective technical problem in the context of the problem- solution approach, the approach which is generally applied by the EPO for assessing whether an invention involves an inventive step.T 641/00, Headnote 2. == Background == European patent was granted on March 5, 1997, and related to a digital mobile telephone system using of a single-user multi-identity IC card (multi-identity SIM card). The patent was opposed and was revoked on lack of inventive step by the Opposition Division.Pursuant to The patent proprietor, Comvik GSM AB, appealed the revocation decision. == Reasoning == The Board based its reasoning on the "problem-solution approach" "according to which an invention is to be understood as a solution to a technical problem".T 641/00, Reasons 5. The "problem-solution approach" comprises and requires the following steps: * an "identification of the technical field of the invention (which will also be the field of expertise of the person skilled in the art to be considered for the purpose of assessing inventive step)," * an "identification of the closest prior art in this field", * an "identification of the technical problem which can be regarded as solved in relation to this closest prior art, and * an "assessment of whether or not the technical feature(s) which alone or together form the solution claimed, could be derived as a whole by the skilled person in that field in an obvious manner from the state of the art". If no technical problem can be derived from the application, then an invention within the meaning of does not exist, and the claimed subject-matter is not patentable. Where a feature in the claim cannot be considered as contributing to the solution of any technical problem by providing a technical effect it has no significance for the purpose of assessing inventive step.T 641/00, Reasons 6. "[W]here the claim refers to an aim to be achieved in a nontechnical field, this aim may legitimately appear in the formulation of the [objective technical problem] as part of the framework of the technical problem that is to be solved, in particular as a constraint that has to be met."T 641/00, Reasons 7. The technical professional or skilled person would, in a realistic situation, receive knowledge of the features which do not as such make a contribution to the technical character of the invention (the non-technical features) as part of the task information given to him (the objective technical problem).T 641/00, Reasons 13 and 14. In other words, it is permissible to include non-technical features into the formulation of the technical problem, so that they cannot support a finding of inventive step. "The skilled person [is] an expert in a technical field. If the technical problem is concerned with a computer implementation of a business, actuarial or accountancy system, the skilled person [is] someone skilled in data processing, and not merely a business man, actuary or accountant."T 641/00, Reasons 8. Based on this reasoning, the Board considered that the invention as claimed in the patent did not meet the requirement of inventive step and upheld the opposition decision to revoke the patent.T 641/00, Reasons 1. == Interpretation == On June 2, 2006, the Board in decision T 928/03 ("Video game/KONAMI") interpreted the Comvik decision. It held that applying the approach of T 641/00 in a fair manner, i.e. treating non- technical aspects as constraints in the formulation of the technical problem, must bear in mind its purpose: on the one hand, the approach is to make sure that non-technical aspects do not support a finding of inventiveness; on the other hand, actual contributions to the technical character by any feature of an invention must be taken into account when assessing inventive step. == See also == * List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC * Software patents under the European Patent Convention == References == == External links == * Decision T 641/00 on the "EPO boards of appeal decisions" section of the EPO web site * Category:Software patent case law Category:European Patent Office case law Category:2002 in case law Category:2002 in Europe
+T 931/95 100px| Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office Issued September 8, 2000 Board composition {| align="center" Chairman: P. K. J. van den Berg Members: R. R. K. Zimmermann, V. Di Cerbo T 931/95, commonly known as Pension Benefit Systems Partnership, is a decision of a Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), issued on September 8, 2000. At the time, it was a landmark decision for interpreting Article 52(1) and (2) of the European Patent Convention (EPC) but has now largely been superseded by the decisions in T 641/00 (Comvik, Two identities) and T 258/03 (Hitachi, Auction Method). It stated that having a technical character is an implicit requirement of the EPC to be met by an invention in order to be patentable.T 931/95, headnote 1 In other words, the technical character requirement is inherent to the notion "invention" in Article 52(1).T 931/95, Reasons 5 It also confirmed that methods only involving economic concepts and practices of doing business, or methods for doing business as such, are not inventions within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC, and are therefore not patentable.T 931/95, headnote 2 In 2001, decision T 931/95, along with decision T 769/92 ("Sohei case"), were considered the most relevant cases from the EPO Boards of Appeal regarding business methods.Yannis Skulikaris, Software-Related Inventions and Business- Related Inventions, Patent World, February 2001. == Decision == The Board of Appeal first drew a distinction between a method for doing business as such, excluded under Article 52(2)(c) EPC (Article 52(2) EPC provides that methods for doing business are not regarded as inventions within the meaning of ), and a method for doing business having a technical character.T 931/95, Reasons 3 The mere fact that data processing and computing means, i.e. technical means, are recited in a method claim does not necessarily confer a technical character to the claimed method. In other words, "technical means for a purely nontechnical purpose and/or for processing purely nontechnical information does not necessarily confer technical character". In contrast, regarding an apparatus claim, the Board stated that This distinction of treatment between methods and apparatuses is justified by the mention of "method" but not apparatus in the exclusion of Art. 52(2)(c) EPC. The recent decision T 258/03 does not make this distinction between method and apparatus claims anymore. Regarding the fact that the meaning of the term "technical" or "technical character" may not be particularly clear, the Board stated this also applied to the term "invention". "(...) [T]he fact that the exact meaning of a term may be disputed does in itself not necessarily constitute a good reason for not using that term as a criterion, certainly not in the absence of a better term: case law may clarify the issue." The Board also rejected the so-called "contribution approach",Nick Reeve, Down to business, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, July 2007; 2: 445 - 451. which consists in distinguishing between "new features" of an invention and features of that invention which are known from the prior art when examining whether the invention concerned may be considered to be an invention within the meaning of Art. 52(1) EPC. Although the claim under examination was found to meet Art. 52 EPC requirement, the claim was eventually considered to lack inventive step.T 931/95, Reasons 8 The improvement put forward by the invention belonged to the field of economy and could not therefore contribute to inventive step. == See also == * Software patents under the European Patent Convention * List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC == References == == External links == * Decision T 931/95 on the "EPO boards of appeal decisions" section of the EPO web site * Category:Software patent case law Category:European Patent Office case law Category:2000 in case law Category:2000 in Europe
+T A Dellaca Ltd v PDL Industries Ltd [1992] 3 NZLR 88 is a cited case in New Zealand law regarding the requirement of some form of signature on a document required under the Contracts Enforcement Act 1956. ==References== *R D Mulholland, "Part performance: Back to classical theory" in "Law of contract" [1993] NZLJ 109. See further pages 291 and 361. *The Abridgement of New Zealand Case Law. Permanent Supplement (No 5) to Volumes 1 to 18. Butterworths. Wellington. 1995. Pages 217 and 1244. Google *New Zealand Recent Law Review 1994. Page 35. *[1994] NZLJ 396 and 397 *[1997] NZLJ 104 *(2000) New Zealand Law Journal 196 and 197 *Butterworths Current Law Digest. 2004. Page 116. Google *Butterworths Current Law. 1992. Paragraphs 202 and 264. Google *Butterworths Current Law. 1993. Pages 250 and 257. Google *(1998) 13 Journal of Contract Law 111 *Stephen Todd and Jeremy Finn. Contract Law in New Zealand. Fourth Edition. Wolters Kluwer. 2019. Note 412. *David Wright. Remedies. Federation Press. 2010. Page 174. Google *I C F Spry. The Principles of Equitable Remedies. Fifth Edition. LBC Information Services. 1997. Page 267. *Stephen Mason. Electronic Signatures in Law. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2012. Pages 51 and 64. Category:High Court of New Zealand cases Category:New Zealand contract case law Category:1991 in New Zealand law Category:1991 in case law
+T Andromedae (T And) is a variable star of the Mira type in the constellation Andromeda. Like all the stars of this kind, T And is a cool asymptotic giant branch star of spectral type M4e-M7.5e. Its brightness varies periodically, completing a cycle in 281 days. The peak luminosity, however, is different every variability cycle, but can reach a peak magnitude mv=7.70.General Catalogue of Variable Stars, s.v. T. And. Thomas David Anderson discovered that T Andromedae is a variable star, in 1894. The next year, Edward Charles Pickering examined archival photographic plates to derive a light curve for the star, and calculated a period of 281 days. Measurements of the angular size variations of T And made with the Palomar Testbed Interferometer show no clear correlation with the star's brightness variations. ==References== ==External links== *Image Category:Andromeda (constellation) 001795 Category:Mira variables Andromedae, T Category:M-type giants Category:Emission-line stars Category:Durchmusterung objects
+T Antliae (also abbreviated T Ant) is a Classical Cepheid variable star that is between 10 and 12,000 light-years away from the Sun in the constellation of Antlia. A yellow-white supergiant with a spectral type of F6Iab, it ranges between apparent magnitude 8.86 and 9.76 over a period of 5.89820 days. ==Variability== T Antliae varies in brightness regularly every 5.89820 days. The light curve is extremely consistent and shows a rapid rise taking 23% of the period, with a slower decline. The maximum brightness of apparent magnitude 8.86 and the minimum of 9.76 are also extremely consistent. The amplitude, light curve shape, period, and consistency, all mark T Antliae as a Cepheid variable. However, the exact sub-type has been debated. It has been considered a type II Cepheid, and old population II star, but is now thought to be a younger more massive Classical Cepheid variable, also known as a δ Cepheid. The period has been calculated to be increasing by about half a second per year. The increasing period implies that the effective temperature of T Antliae is decreasing, something that would happen both during the initial crossing of the instability strip after a star has left the main sequence, and again following a blue loop. The first crossing of the instability strip is very rapid and T Antliae is judged to be crossing it for the third time (the second time occurs with increasing temperature at the start of the blue loop). The brightness changes of Cepheid variables are caused by pulsations in their outer layers, causing both the temperature and radius to change. The radius of T Antliae has been calculated to vary by as it pulsates, around 10% of its radius. The temperature, and hence the spectral type, also vary. Spectral types between F6 and G5 have been published for T Antliae. == Stellar system == The timing of the light variations of T Antliae show a small scatter which can be fitted to a sine curve. This has been proposed to be due to light travel time caused by orbital movement of the variable star. This is based on somewhat uncertain data from old photograph records, and there is no confirmation of a companion. A compatible orbit would take 42.4 years to complete, with a semimajor axis around 10.8 Astronomical Units. A sparse open cluster lies around the position of T Antliae. Fitting of isochrones to the brighter stars shows a main sequence turnoff consistent with the position of T Antliae in the H-R diagram. The bluest stars in the cluster, and T Antliae itself, best match an isochrone of 100 million years. Fitting to redder stars in the cluster gives an age of around 79 million years. == References == Category:Antlia Category:Binary stars Category:Classical Cepheid variables Category:F-type supergiants Antliae, T 046924 Category:Durchmusterung objects
+T App Folio is an integrated app for government to citizen provided by Government of Telangana in India. The service, as a part of Mee Seva 2.0, an integrated app that provides services like Mee Seva services, RTA services, fee payments and bill payment services etc.IT Minister KT Rama Rao launches T App Folio It is available in Telugu and English.Technology should help common man: KTR | The Siasat Daily ==History== It was launched on 28 February 2018 by IT minister of Telangana, K. T. Rama Rao.Telangana launches m-Governance app ==Services== Around 150 services including the most used services like MeeSeva, RTA services, fee payments and bill payments. Other informational services like location services like MeeSeva centers, Ration shops, Hy-Fi hotspots are available on the app. ==Platform== The platform supports single sign on feature for using multiple services in on go. It is now extended to mobile platform under M-Governance. T app folio is an app with 180 services from various departments bundled into one single app, similar to Government of India’s, UMANG.Telangana moves to mobile governance – The Hindu ==References== Category:Government of Telangana Category:Electronic funds transfer Category:Mobile payments Category:Online payments Category:Payment systems Category:E-government in India
+thumb|left|Location of T Aurigae (circled in red) T Aurigae (or Nova Aurigae 1891) was a nova, which lit up in the constellation Auriga in 1891. Thomas David Anderson, an amateur astronomer in Edinburgh, reported that he was "almost certain" he saw the nova at 02:00 UT on 24 January 1892, when it was slightly brighter than χ Aurigae (apparent magnitude 4.74). He mistook the star for 26 Aurigae, although he noted to himself that it seemed brighter than he remembered it being. He saw it twice more during the following week. On 31 January 1892 he realized his mistake, and wrote a note to Ralph Copeland (the Astronomer Royal of Scotland) reporting his discovery. Professor Copeland immediately reported the discovery via telegram to William Huggins, who made the first spectroscopic observations of T Aurigae on 2 February 1892, when the star was a magnitude 4.5 object. T Aurigae was the first nova to be observed spectroscopically. Strope and Schaefer report that the peak brightness of T Aurigae was magnitude 4.5,. Pre-discovery images on photographic plates allowed the a light curve beginning in late 1891 to be constructed. AAVSO data shows that T Aurigae's quiescent magnitude is 15.3. In 1958 observations of the stars forming T Aurigae with the Crossley telescope showed that it is an eclipsing binary, with a period of 4.9 hours, and an eclipse depth of 0.18 magnitudes. T Aurigae was the third nova that was discovered to be a short- period eclipsing binary, and that discovery led to increased speculation that the nova phenomenon was connected to close binary star pairs. Today it is believed that all novae are binary stars, with a "donor" star orbiting a white dwarf. The stars are so close to each other that matter is transferred from the donor star to the white dwarf. ==Nebula== T Aurigae is surrounded by an emission nebula (shell) which is roughly elliptical (25 arc seconds by 19 arc seconds in size) and resembles a planetary nebula. Its 3-dimensional shape is similar to a prolate ellipsoid, but it has a central waist, making it shaped somewhat like a peanut. Santamaria et al. obtained images of this shell from 2016 through 2019 and by comparing those images to archival images dating back to 1956, they were able to determine that the shell is expanding at about 0.01 arc seconds per year, corresponding to an expansion velocity of about 350 km/sec. ==References== ==External links== * https://web.archive.org/web/20050912175943/http://www.tsm.toyama.toyama.jp/curators/aroom/var/nova/1600.htm Category:Novae Category:Auriga (constellation) Category:1892 in science Aurigae, T 036294 1841 Category:Durchmusterung objects
+T Ball can refer to: *Tennis *Tee-ball or T-ball *Tetherball
+right|thumb|The logo of the bank before the rebranding TBank (formerly Aspis Bank - ) was a commercial bank in Greece. Its headquarters were in Athens and it had 72 branches across Greece as of September 2008. The bank was being traded on the Athens Stock Exchange. Aspis Bank was rebranded as TBank on 20 July 2010, following its acquisition by TT Hellenic Postbank () http://www.capital.gr/Articles.asp?id=964001 (Greek)http://www.imerisia.gr/article.asp?catid=12814&subid;=2&pubid;=46029148 (Greek) In 2013, the Eurobank Group acquired “New TT Hellenic Postbank S.A”. The operational merger of New TT Hellenic Postbank was completed in May 2014, with the integration of former T Bank systems. ==External links== * Official Website ==References== Category:Defunct banks of Greece Category:Companies formerly listed on the Athens Exchange Category:Greek companies established in 1992 Category:Banks established in 1992
+T Battery (Shah Sujah's Troop) Royal Artillery is an air defence battery of the Royal Artillery that serves with the British Army's 12 Regiment Royal Artillery. It is stationed at Baker Barracks, Thorney Island, West Sussex. Formed 1838 as Shah Sujah's Troop, it was part of Shah Sujah's force that attempted to restore him to power in Afghanistan. After the assassination of Shah Sujah in 1842, the battery was transferred to the Bengal Army of the Honourable East India Company. It remained loyal during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and took part in the Siege of Delhi where its commander, George Renny, won the Victoria Cross. In the aftermath, it was transferred to the British Army's Royal Horse Artillery (RHA), eventually becoming T Battery Royal Horse Artillery. It took part in the Second Boer War and the First World War (Western Front and in Italy). The post-war reductions in the RHA saw the battery revert to the Royal Artillery in 1920. In 1926 it was officially granted its Honour Title "Shah Sujah's Troop". It then took part in the Second World War (Middle East and Italy again). Since the Second World War, it has seen a wide variety of service as anti-tank and anti-aircraft gunners, as a towed and self-propelled anti-aircraft missile battery and as a Headquarters unit. It has spent much of that time in Germany as part of the BAOR, but also served in Northern Ireland (Operation Banner) and took part in the Falklands War and the Gulf War. The Bty disbanded on the 31/10/1991 with the bulk of the members of the Battery going to 9 Plassey Bty and forming Friday troop. Temporarily reroled to Javelin prior to being the first Troop to convert to the new weapon system HVM starstreak mounted on the Stormer AFV. The Battle honours and name of the Bty then went to the Regts HQ Bty thus then being called THQ Bty Shah Sukah's Troop RA. ==History== ===Early history=== The battery was formed on 13 September 1838 as Shah Sujah's Troop, Horse Artillery at Delhi and Meerut. It was raised as part of Shah Sujah's force of 6,000 troops which invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to restore him to power. Equipped with ten 6 pounder guns and two 12 pounder howitzers, it was twice the normal strength of a battery. It was commanded by Captain William Anderson of the Bengal Artillery. For two years, from the winter of 1839, it served at Kandahar. After the assassination of Shah Sujah in 1842, the battery was withdrawn to Ferozepore. It was transferred to the Bengal Army of the Honourable East India Company and became the 5th (Native) Troop, 1st Brigade, Bengal Horse Artillery on 23 December 1842. It served in the First Anglo-Sikh War and on frontier expeditions. ===Indian Mutiny=== By the time the Indian Rebellion of 1857 broke out, the Bengal Horse Artillery had grown to 13 batteries, organized as three brigades. Four of these batteries were manned by sepoys (native Indian soldiers) and two mutinied: 4th Troop, 1st Brigade at Neemuch and 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade at Multan. Shah Sujah's Troop remained loyal and it took part in the Siege of Delhi where its commander, George Renny, won the Victoria Cross. All four Native Bengal batteries were promptly reformed as European units. As a result of the Rebellion, the British Crown took direct control of India from the East India Company on 1 November 1858 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1858. The Presidency armies transferred to the direct authority of the British Crown and its European units were transferred to the British Army. Henceforth artillery, the mutineers most effective arm, was to be the sole preserve of the British Army (with the exception of certain Mountain Artillery batteries). On 19 February 1862, the Bengal Horse Artillery transferred to the Royal Artillery as its 2nd and 5th Horse Brigades. On transfer, Shah Sujah's Troop became E Battery, 2nd Horse Brigade (E/2 in short) at Allahabad. ===Late Victorian era=== A reorganization of the horse artillery on 13 April 1864 saw 2nd Brigade became C Brigade. As battery designations were tied to the brigade the battery was assigned to, the batteries were also redesignated and it became F/C Battery at Lucknow. This was the first in a bewildering series of redesignations. From 1866, the term "Royal Horse Artillery" appeared in Army List hence the battery was designated F/C Battery, Royal Horse Artillery from about this time. Further reoganisations saw the number of brigades reduced to three (of 10 batteries each) then two (of 13 batteries each) and consequently lead to the redesignation of the battery as F/D (16 January 1873), C/E (1 April 1875), C/C (1 July 1877), and N/B (28 March 1882). The brigade system was finally abolished on 1 July 1889. Henceforth, batteries were designated in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation. The battery took on it final designation as T Battery, Royal Horse Artillery. Equipped with six 12 pounders, the battery was sent to South Africa with the 1st Cavalry Brigade and saw active service in the Second Boer War, notably at the Battle of Paardeberg (27 February 1900). ===First World War=== On 1 March 1901, a new brigade system was introduced, this time as a tactical, rather than administrative, formation. The battery was assigned to XIII Brigade- Division, RHA along with U Battery. In 1903 this was redesignated as XIII Brigade, RHA and was stationed in South Africa with the battery at Krugersdorp. By 1905 it was in India and it took part in the Rawalpindi Parade. On 1 October 1906, the brigade was redesignated as XI Brigade, RHA. By the time the First World War broke out, the battery had been re-equipped with six quick-firing 13 pounders. It was still assigned to XI Brigade (though U Battery was at Lucknow in India) and was stationed at Abbassia, Cairo serving in the Force in Egypt. It returned to Europe and joined XIV Brigade, 7th Division on the Western Front on 21 December 1914. It served with the division on the Western Front until February 1917. It missed the actions in 1914, but saw considerable action serving in the battles of Neuve Chapelle (1013 March 1915), Aubers Ridge (9 May), Festubert (1519 May), and Givenchy (15 and 16 June). On 19 June, the battery replaced its 13 pounders with six 18 pounders. It then took part in the Battle of Loos (25 September8 October 1915), the Somme (120 July and 37 September 1916) and the Operations on the Ancre (1115 January 1917). On 10 February 1917, the battery and brigade left 7th Division and became XIV Army Brigade, RHA. It moved to the Italian Front in December 1917, before returning to the Western Front in March 1918. At the Armistice, it was serving as Army Troops with the Third Army still armed six 18 pounders. ===Inter-war period=== Post-war plans for the RHA envisioned that it would have 27 batteries in nine brigades. XIV Brigade was disbanded in Germany in May 1919 and in June the battery returned to the United Kingdom and was stationed at Aldershot and Newbridge. Clarke states that the battery was assigned to IX Brigade, RHA which was based at Trowbridge with N, S and U Batteries but that it probably did not join the other batteries at Trowbridge as the brigade was broken up very soon after being organized. In contrast, Frederick says it joined IV Brigade, RHA which was at Newbridge and Kilkenny with I and L Batteries. In either case, the new organisation was short-lived as the usual post-war reductions took their toll and the Royal Horse Artillery was reduced to five brigades and 15 batteries. Consequently, on 4 May 1920, T Battery was redesignated as 146th Battery, RFA and joined 1st Brigade Royal Field Artillery. Between 1922 and 1924 it served with the brigade at the Royal School of Artillery at Larkhill. On 1 November 1922 it was redesignated as 111th Battery, RFA before resuming its original designation as T Battery, Royal Field Artillery on 1 March 1924 when it transferred to 15th Brigade Royal Field Artillery. As the Royal Field Artillery was reamalgamated into the Royal Artillery, it became T Battery, Royal Artillery on 1 May 1924. In commemoration of its origins, the Honour Title "Shah Sujah's Troop" was officially granted to the battery on 13 October 1926. With effect from May 1938, brigades were redesignated as regiments and 15th Brigade became 15th Field Regiment, RA. T Battery was still with the regiment on the outbreak of the Second World War with R, S and U Batteries and was stationed at Lahore, India. ===Second World War=== The battery served with 15th Field Regiment throughout the Second World War. In November 1940 they moved from Lahore to Rawalpindi. From 1938, field artillery brigades had been reorganized from three or four six-gun batteries to two 12-gun batteries. Rather than disband existing batteries, they were instead linked in pairs. Strangely, this did not happen in 15th Field Regiment until 12 November 1940 (after arrival in Rawalpindi) when T Battery was linked with R Battery as R/T Battery (and S and U batteries were linked as S/U Battery). The experience of the BEF in May 1940 had already shown the limitations of having artillery regiments formed with two 12-gun batteries: field regiments were intended to support an infantry brigade of three battalions (or armoured brigade of three regiments). This could not be managed without severe disruption to the regiment. As a result, field regiments were reorganised into three 8-gun batteries but this did not happen in 15th Field Regiment until November 1942. On 27 June 1941 it departed India and arrived in Iraq on 3 July where it was assigned to the 2nd Indian Armoured Brigade Group. It went with the brigade to Persia in August and returned to Iraq in October. It was at Quayarrah (or Qaiyara) on 31 January 1942 and Mosul on 31 March. It was unlinked from R Battery at Sheraiba (or Shuabia) on 9 November and was once again T Battery, RA. 2nd Indian Armoured Brigade (by now renumbered as 252nd Indian Armoured Brigade) came under the command of 31st Indian Armoured Division and the regiment came under the direct command of the division on 1 August 1942. It left the division and Iraq on 1 September 1943 when it was transferred to Egypt, arriving on 11 September. On 21 October, 31st Indian Armoured Division also arrived in Egypt and the regiment rejoined the division. The division was preparing to take part in the Italian Campaign; however more armoured formations were not needed in Italy and division remained in Egypt, Syria and Lebanon. On 15 November 1943, the regiment left the Indian establishment and was assigned to the 7th AGRA (Army Group Royal Artillery). By January 1944, the regiment had been equipped with Sexton 25 pounder self-propelled guns. In July 1944, it moved to Italy where it served with the British 8th Army and U.S. 5th Army. 15th Field Regiment ended the war in Italy as a self-propelled artillery regiment. ===Post-war=== Plans were put in place at the end of 1946 to create a total of eight RHA regiments to form the artillery element of the 6th and 7th Armoured Divisions in the British Army of the Rhine. 7th Regiment, RHA was to be an Anti-Tank Regiment with R, S, T and U Batteries. T Battery became RHA on 15 November 1946. Initially formed in the BAOR in October 1946, the decision was rescinded in March 1947 before the regiment was fully constituted. On 1 April 1947, the regiment became 12th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery and the battery reverted to Royal Artillery. It has remained with 12th Regiment ever since. Equipped with 17 pounder anti-tank guns, it was initially based in Palestine from May 1947 before returning to England (Woolwich) briefly in 1948. It then moved to Libya and on to Trieste in June 1950. In February 1951, it moved to Germany for the first time and joined the BAOR at Celle. On arrival in Germany, 12th Regiment was converted to the anti-aircraft role as part of 6th Armoured Division and the battery was re-equipped with Bofors guns (initially with the L/60 variant, later L/70). It spent most of the 1950s and 1960s in Germany, though from 1963 to 1966 it was at Tampin, Malaya (at the time of the confrontation). From 25 Nov 1971 to 17 Mar 1972 it undertook the first of nine roulement tours to Northern Ireland (Operation Banner) in the infantry role, either with 12th Regiment or separately. thumb|alt=Photograph of a missile in the process of launching in the night.|A Rapier missile speeds towards its target during a live firing exercise. It moved to Rapier Barracks, Kirton-in-Lindsay in August 1972. From July 1973, 9 (Plassey) Battery of the regiment began trials with the Rapier anti-aircraft missile and by September 1975 the regiment was back in Germany fully equipped with the new system. It returned to Rapier Barracks in May 1981 and was there when the Falklands War broke out. T Battery was dispatched to the South Atlantic to take part in the conflict. It was back in Germany in January 1985, by now equipped with Tracked Rapier. From there, it deployed to the Gulf in January 1991 to take part in the Gulf War. The Bty disbanded on the 31/10/1991 with the bulk of the members of the Battery going to 9 Plassey Bty and forming F troop. Temporarily reroled to Javelin prior to being the first Troop to convert to the new weapon system HVM starstreak mounted on the Stormer AFV. The Battle honours and name of the Bty then went to the Regts HQ Bty thus then being called THQ Bty Shah Sujah's Troop RA. In April 1993, T Battery rerolled as the Headquarters battery of 12th Regiment. It undertook a tour to Cyprus as part of UNFICYP (December 1995 to June 1996) and to Kosovo in 1999. It returned to England in 2009 and has been based at Baker Barracks, Thorney Island, West Sussex since then. ===Current status=== Under Army 2020 plans, 12th Regiment was reorganized. The battery relinquished its headquarters role to 170 (Imjin) Battery and was rerolled as a self-propelled air defence battery. It is equipped with Starstreak Surface-to-air missiles mounted on Stormer armoured vehicles. ==See also== *British Army *Royal Artillery *Royal Horse Artillery *List of Royal Artillery Batteries ==Notes== ==References== ==Bibliography== * * * * * * * * ==External links== * * * Category:Royal Horse Artillery batteries Category:Royal Artillery batteries Category:1838 establishments in British India Category:Military units and formations established in 1838 Category:Honourable East India Company regiments

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+U, or u, is the twenty-first and sixth-to-last letter and fifth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is u (pronounced ), plural ues."U", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993)Brown & Kiddle (1870) The institutes of English grammar, page 19. Ues is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is rendered U's, Us, u's, or us. ==History== U derives from the Semitic waw, as does F, and later, Y, W, and V. Its oldest ancestor goes to Egyptian hieroglyphics, and is probably from a hieroglyph of a mace or fowl, representing the sound [v] or the sound [w]. This was borrowed to Phoenician, where it represented the sound [w], and seldom the vowel [u]. In Greek, two letters were adapted from the Phoenician waw. The letter was adapted, but split in two, with the first one of the same name (Ϝ) being adapted to represent [w], and the second one being Upsilon (), which was originally adapted to represent , later fronted, becoming . In Latin, a stemless variant shape of the upsilon was borrowed in early times as U, taking the form of modern-day V — either directly from the Western Greek alphabet or from the Etruscan alphabet as an intermediary — to represent the same sound, as well as the consonantal , num — originally spelled NVM — was pronounced and via was pronounced . From the 1st century AD on, depending on Vulgar Latin dialect, consonantal developed into (kept in Spanish), then later to . During the late Middle Ages, two minuscule forms developed, which were both used for or the vowel . The pointed form ⟨v⟩ was written at the beginning of a word, while a rounded form ⟨u⟩ was used in the middle or end, regardless of sound. So whereas 'valour' and 'excuse' appeared as in modern printing, 'have' and 'upon' were printed 'haue' and 'vpon', respectively. The first recorded use of ⟨u⟩ and ⟨v⟩ as distinct letters is in a Gothic alphabet from 1386, where ⟨v⟩ preceded ⟨u⟩. Printers eschewed capital ⟨U⟩ in favor of ⟨V⟩ into the 17th century and the distinction between the two letters was not fully accepted by the French Academy until 1762. The rounded variant became the modern-day version of U and its former pointed form became V. ==Pronunciation and use== Pronunciations of Uu Languages in italics do not use the Latin alphabet; the table refers to latinizations Language Dialect(s) Pronunciation (IPA) Environment Notes Afrikaans Chinese Standard Chinese /u/ After the Pinyin consonants , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , In Pinyin /y/ After the Pinyin consonants , , , . To make the /y/ sound after the consonants or , is used. Danish Usually Before two consonants Dutch Before two consonants Usually English In "bury" and "burial" In "busy" and "business" Stressed and not preceding a consonant Sometimes Usually Following or and preceding a vowel silent Following or and preceding vowels and , usually in French loanwords Esperanto Faroese Before two consonants Usually French Usually Before vowels German Before two consonants Usually Icelandic Usually Before two consonants Indonesian Standard Indonesian /u/ Always Italian Usually Before vowels Japanese Usually silent Unstressed, between two consonants Lithuanian Low German Before two consonants Usually Malay Usually Before vowels Norwegian Before two consonants Usually Portuguese Usually Before vowels /ɐ/ Only in some recent loanwords Spanish Usually Before vowels Swedish Before two consonants Usually Welsh Northern dialects Southern dialects thumb|Pronunciation of the name of the letter in European languages|305x305px|left ===English=== In English, the letter has four main pronunciations. There are "long" and "short" pronunciations. Short , found originally in closed syllables, most commonly represents (as in 'duck'), though it retains its old pronunciation after labial consonants in some words (as in 'put') and occasionally elsewhere (as in 'sugar'). Long , found originally in words of French origin (the descendant of Old English long u was respelled as ), most commonly represents (as in 'mule'), reducing to after (as in 'rule'), (as in 'June') and sometimes (or optionally) after (as in 'lute'), and after additional consonants in American English (see do–dew merger). (After , have assimilated to in some words) In a few words, short represents other sounds, such as in 'business' and in 'bury'. The letter is used in the digraphs , (various pronunciations, but usually /aʊ/), and with the value of "long u" in , , and in a few words (as in 'fruit'). It often has the sound before a vowel in the sequences (as in 'quick'), (as in 'anguish'), and (as in 'suave'), though it is silent in final -que (as in 'unique') and in many words with (as in 'guard'). Additionally, the letter is used in text messaging, Internet and other written slang to denote 'you', by virtue of both being pronounced . One thing to note is that certain varieties of the English language (i.e. British English, Canadian English, etc.) use the letter U in words such as colour, labour, valour, etc.; however, in American English the letter is not used and said words mentioned are spelled as color and so on. It is the thirteenth most frequently used letter in the English language, with a frequency of about 2.8% in words. ===Other languages=== In most languages that use the Latin alphabet, represents the close back rounded vowel or a similar vowel. In French orthography the letter represents the close front rounded vowel (); is represented by . In Dutch and Afrikaans, it represents either , or a near-close near-front rounded vowel (); likewise, the phoneme is represented by . In Welsh orthography the letter can represent a long close front unrounded vowel () or short near-close near-front unrounded vowel () in Southern dialects. In Northern dialects, the corresponding long and short vowels are a long close central unrounded vowel () and a short lowered close central unrounded vowel (), respectively. and are represented by . ==Other uses== The symbol 'U' is the chemical symbol for uranium. In the context of Newtonian mechanics 'U' is the symbol for the potential energy of a system. 'u' is the symbol for the atomic mass unit and 'U' is the symbol for one enzyme unit. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the close back rounded vowel is represented by the lower case ⟨u⟩. U is also the source of the mathematical symbol ∪, representing a union. It is used mainly for Venn diagrams and geometry. It is used as for micro- in metric measurements as a replacement for the Greek letter μ (mu), of which it is a graphic approximation when that Greek letter is not available, as in "`um`" for μm (micrometer). Some universities, such as the University of Miami and the University of Utah, are locally known as "The U". U (or sometimes RU) is a standard height unit of measure in rack units, with each U equal to . U is also used the letter in the coat of arms/flag of the Ustaše. U is an honorific in Burmese. ==Related characters== ===Ancestors, descendants and siblings=== *𐤅: Semitic letter Waw, from which the following symbols originally derive ** υ : Greek letter Upsilon, from which U derives ***V v : Latin letter V, descended from U ****W w : Latin letter W, descended from V/U ***Y y : Latin letter Y, also descended from Upsilon ***У у : Cyrillic letter U, which also derives from Upsilon ***Ү ү : Cyrillic letter Ue **Ϝ ϝ : Greek letter Digamma ***F f : Latin letter F, derived from Digamma *IPA-specific symbols related to U: *Uralic Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to U: ** ** ** ** ** ** ** *Teuthonista phonetic transcription-specific symbols related to U: ** ** ** ** ** *ᶸ : Modifier letter small capital u is used for phonetic transcription *Ꞿ ꞿ : Glottal U, used in the transliteration of Ugaritic *U with diacritics: Ŭ ŭ Ʉ ʉ ᵾ ᶶ Ꞹ ꞹ Ụ ụ Ü ü Ǜ ǜ Ǘ ǘ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ Ṳ ṳ Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ṷ ṷ Ǔ ǔ Ȗ ȗ Ű ű Ŭ ŭ Ư ư Ứ ứ Ừ ừ Ử ử Ự ự Ữ Ữ Ủ ủ Ū ū Ū̀ ū̀ Ū́ ū́ Ṻ ṻ Ū̃ ū̃ Ũ ũ Ṹ ṹ Ṵ ṵ ᶙ Ų ų Ų́ ų́ Ų̃ ų̃ Ȕ ȕ Ů ů ** and are used in the Mazahua language and feature a bar diacritic ===Ligatures and abbreviations=== *∪ : Union *∩ : Intersection, an upside-down upper case "U" ==Computing codes== : 1 ==Other representations== ==References== ==External links== * * * Category:Vowel letters Category:ISO basic Latin letters
+U & Cube Festival 2019 in Japan is the first joint concert of 'U-Cube' that was established in November 2018 by Cube Entertainment and the Japanese subsidiary of Universal Music Japan. The concert takes place at Musashino Forest Sport Plaza in Tokyo. The event is scheduled nine months after United Cube Concert – One concert held at KINTEX. The concert was attended by 6,000 fans. ==Background== U & Cube Festival 2019 in Japan marks the agency's first family concert in six years since the "United Cube Concert 2013" in Yokohama in 2013. ==Artist== * Lee Hwi-jae * BtoB * CLC * Pentagon * Lai Kuan-lin * Yoo Seon-ho * (G)I-dle * A Train To Autumn * Wooseok x Kuanlin ==Set list== This set list is representative of the show on March 23, 2019. VCR # Young & One # That Season You Were In # Farewell Again # Hann (Alone) # Latata # Give Me Your # Senorita # Maybe Spring # Lemon (Kenshi Yonezu cover) # I'm A Star # Hypey # Black Dress # No Oh Oh (Japanese ver.) # Show # No # Gorilla (Japanese ver.) # Cosmo # Naughty Boy # Shine (Japanese ver.) # Big Wave # Swimming # Follow Your Dreams # Mermaid # Cube performance team # Beautiful Pain # Friend # Missing You ; Encore # Blowin’ Up # Upgrade ==Media== Air Date Country Network Ref. May 21 – present Worldwide CUBE TV Hangtime app, CUBE TV ;Blueray & DVD * 2019 U-Cube festival Japan Blueray & DVD ;Film *September 6 - Aeon Cinema Ebetsu *September 7 - Aeon Cinema Kohoku New Town *September 7 - Aeon Cinema Wonder Nagoya *September 7 - Aeon Cinema Ibaraki Osaka *September 7 - Aeon Mall Fukuoka ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * Tv * Apple Store * Android Category:K-pop concerts
+"U & Mi" is a 1991 song by Sweden-based musician and producer Dr Alban, released as the third single from his debut album, Hello Afrika (1990). It is the follow-up to his very successful single, "No Coke" and was a notable hit in several countries. Produced by Denniz Pop, who also co-wrote it with Dr. Alban, it became a top 10 hit in Finland, Portugal and Switzerland, and a top 20 hit in Austria, Germany, Spain and Sweden. A music video was also produced to promote the single. ==Critical reception== Pan-European magazine Music & Media commented, "New recipe from the same private practice. For the follow-up to Hello Afrika and No Coke the Swedish bush doctor has added a spoonful of Real Milli Vanilli to his magic potion. Top-40 programmers must take a shot of it." ==Track listing== * 7" single, Sweden (1991) #"U & Mi" (The 7" Radiomix) #"U & Mi" (The 7" Dancemix) * 12" single, Sweden (1991) #"U & Mi" (The 12" Dancemix) – 5:13 #"U & Mi" (The 7" Radiomix) – 3:27 #"U & Mi" (The Gregorian Mix) – 4:18 #"U & Mi" (The Gregorian Dub) – 4:00 #"U & Mi" (The Techno Mix) – 7:12 * CD maxi, Germany (1991) #"U & Mi" (Eee-Motion Mix) – 6:30 #"U & Mi" (Swe&Me; Mix) – 5:11 #"U & Mi" (Swe-Tech Mix) – 7:11 ==Charts== Chart (1991) Peak position Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) 50 Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) 6 Portugal (AFP) 10 Spain (AFYVE) 15 ==References== Category:1991 singles Category:1991 songs Category:Dr. Alban songs Category:English-language Swedish songs Category:Logic Records singles Category:Song recordings produced by Denniz Pop Category:Songs written by Denniz Pop Category:Songs written by Dr. Alban
+U (У у; italics: У у) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the close back rounded vowel , somewhat like the pronunciation of in "boot" or rule. The forms of the Cyrillic letter U are similar to the lowercase of the Latin letter Y (Y y; Y y). == History == Historically, Cyrillic U evolved as a specifically East Slavic short form of the digraph used in ancient Slavic texts to represent . The digraph was itself a direct loan from the Greek alphabet, where the combination (omicron-upsilon) was also used to represent . Later, the o was removed, leaving the modern upsilon-only form. Consequently, the form of the letter is derived from Greek upsilon , which was parallelly also taken over into the Cyrillic alphabet in another form, as Izhitsa . (The letter Izhitsa was removed from the Russian alphabet in the orthography reform of 1917/19.) It is normally romanised as "u", but in Kazakh, it is romanised as "w". In the Cyrillic numeral system, the Cyrillic letter U had a value of 400. ==In other languages== In Tuvan the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel. In certain languages, U is used to mark labialization. ==Related letters and other similar characters== *Υ υ : Greek letter Upsilon *U u : Latin letter U *Y y : Latin letter Y *Ў ў : Cyrillic letter Short U, used in Belarusian, Dungan,However, many Dungan books are set using Ӯ, with macron, instead of Ў, with breve, like the Dungan- Russian dictionary (1968). There is no ambiguity since it is the only У-with- a-diacritic in Dungan. It is used in Dungan syllables for which pinyin would use -u except in those with labial consonants (in du, ' nu, lu, gu, hu, zu, ru, etc. but not bu or mu) Siberian Eskimo (Yuit), Uzbek *Ӯ ӯ : Cyrillic letter U with macron, used in Tajik and Carpatho-Rusyn *Ӱ ӱ : Cyrillic letter U with diaeresis, used in Altai (Oyrot), Khakas, Gagauz, Khanty, Mari *Ӳ ӳ : Cyrillic letter U with double acute, used in Chuvash *Ү ү : Cyrillic letter straight U, used in Mongolian, Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir, Dungan and other languages *Ұ ұ : Cyrillic letter Straight U with stroke, used in Kazakh *Ꭹ Ꮍ : The syllables gi and mu of the Cherokee syllabary; Ꭹ (gi) notably appearing in the Cherokee self-designation ᏣᎳᎩ (Tsalagi) *ע: The Hebrew letter Ayin *У̊: Cyrillic letter U with ring,used in shugnhi orthography. ==Computing codes== ==References== ==External links== * * Category:Vowel letters
+U is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, U is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter 13px|ng after having gone through the Gupta letter 13px. As an Indic vowel, U comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a vowel sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent "A" vowel. ==Āryabhaṭa numeration== Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The उ sign ु was used to modify a consonant's value , but the vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself. ==Historic U== There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. U as found in standard Brahmi, 13px|U was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta 13px|U. Like all Brahmic scripts, Tocharian U 18px|U has an accompanying vowel mark for modifying a base consonant. In Kharoṣṭhī, the only independent vowel letter is for the inherent A. All other independent vowels, including U are indicated with vowel marks added to the letter A. ===Brahmi U=== The Brahmi letter U 13px|U, is probably derived from the altered Aramaic Waw 13px, and is thus related to the modern Latin F, V, U, W, Y and Greek Upsilon. Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi U can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. Brahmi U historic forms Ashoka (3rd-1st c. BCE) Girnar (~150 BCE) Kushana (~150-250 CE) Gujarat (~250 CE) Gupta (~350 CE) 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px ===Tocharian U=== The Tocharian letter 25px|U is derived from the Brahmi 13px|U. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a Fremdzeichen form. Tocharian consonants with U vowel marks Ku Khu Gu Ghu Cu Chu Ju Jhu Nyu Ṭu Ṭhu Ḍu Ḍhu Ṇu 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px Tu Thu Du Dhu Nu Pu Phu Bu Bhu Mu Yu Ru Lu Vu 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px 37px Śu Ṣu Su Hu 37px 37px 37px 37px ===Kharoṣṭhī U=== The Kharoṣṭhī letter U is indicated with the vowel mark 15px|U. As an independent vowel, U is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter A 15px|A. ==Devanagari U== U (उ) is a vowel of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|U, after having gone through the Gupta letter 13px|U. Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ઉ, and the Modi letter 𑘄. ===Devanagari-using languages=== The Devanagari script is used to write the Hindi language, Sanskrit and the majority of Indo-Aryan languages. In most of these languages, उ is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. ==Bengali u== U (উ) is a vowel of the Bengali abugida. It is derived from the Siddhaṃ letter 13px|U, and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, उ. ===Bengali script-using languages=== The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the Bengali language and Assamese. In most languages, উ is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. ==Gujarati U== U (ઉ) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari U 13px|u, and ultimately the Brahmi letter 13px|u. ===Gujarati-using languages=== The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ઉ is pronounced as . Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. In addition to the standard vowel sign, U forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant R: * ર (r) + ઉ (u) gives the ligature ru: 100px ==Javanese U== ==Telugu U== U (ఉ) is a vowel of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|U. It is closely related to the Kannada letter ಉ. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature. thumb|center|550px|Telugu U vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Ku, Khu, Gu, Ghu and Ngu. As a right-side attaching vowel mark, it does not alter the shape of the underlying consonant, although there are variants of the vowel mark that attach in different ways. ==Malayalam U== U (ഉ) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|U, via the Grantha letter x15px|U u. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. Some vowel signs, such as U, can also form a ligature with some consonants, although this is much more common in old-style paḻaya lipi texts than in the modern reformed paḻaya lipi orthography. thumb|center|550px|Malayalam U vowel sign on ക, ഖ, ഗ, ഘ, & ങ: Ku, Khu, Gu, Ghu and Ngu in paḻaya lipi. ==Odia U== thumb|Odia independent vowel and vowel sign U. U (ଉ) is a vowel of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|U, via the Siddhaṃ letter x15px|U u. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable- initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia. ==Kaithi U== U (𑂇) is a vowel of the Kaithi abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter 13px|U, via the Siddhaṃ letter x15px|U U. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Kaithi usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Kaithi. ==Comparison of U== The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including U, are related as well. ==Character encodings of U== Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter U in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. U from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII. ==References== Category:Indic letters
+U was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. Also referred to as the University Line, it provided service to the University of Southern California. ==History== The Los Angeles Consolidated Electric Railway University Line dates to November 12, 1891, when the Los Angeles Consolidated Electric Railway began operating on tracks run down McClintock Avenue. The route initially terminated at the Los Angeles Santa Fe station. The line came under the ownership of Los Angeles Railway Company in 1895 and was rerouted in Downtown, terminating at Spring and West 2nd Street. In 1910, the route was combined with trackage built by the Los Angeles and Redondo Railway Company along South Central Avenue, creating a "U" shaped route between Central Alameda and USC via Downtown. At the university end, tracks split to three branches: west on 39th to Western, east on 39th to the entrance to Agricultural Park (now Exposition Park), and south to Dalton Avenue and West 45th Street. The Agricultural Park segment was removed from the line in February 1915 and the Dalton segment was rerouted to terminate at Vernon Avenue and Arlington Avenue. As part of the 1920 rerouting scheme, the line operated as the university and Central Avenue Line which had three branches. These services were designated as the "U" line in 1921. The remaining 39th Street branch line was abandoned on October 5, 1941, and the service was converted to bus operation on August 3, 1947. Segments of the line were absorbed into other routes, the 3 and F, while tracks on McClintock, 32nd, Hoover, Union, 23rd and Estrella were removed. ==Sources== ==External lists== * U Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway services introduced in 1912 Category:1912 establishments in California Category:1937 disestablishments in California Category:University of Southern California
+U is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. == Mongolian language == Letter Transliteration Alone Initial Medial Final Ligatures Transliteration Alone Initial Medial Final Separated suffixes Transliteration upright=0.12 — — — Whole upright=0.12 — upright=0.12 — — * Transcribes Chakhar ; Khalkha , , and . Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter . * Indistinguishable from . * = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound. * Derived from Old Uyghur waw (), preceded by an aleph () for isolate and initial forms. * Produced with using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. * In the Mongolian Unicode block, comes after and before . == Notes == == References == Category:Articles containing Mongolian script text Category:Mongolic letters Category:Mongolic languages Category:Tungusic languages
+U is the debut studio album by Japanese girl group NiziU. It was released on November 24, 2021, through JYP Entertainment and Sony Music Entertainment Japan. The album has 12 tracks including its 5 singles released previously, the lead single "Chopstick", and the special single "Need U" with an addition of 7 more tracks from the album's limited edition version B. The album was released in three physical versions, one normal version and two limited edition versions, A and B. == Track listing == == Charts == ===Weekly charts=== Weekly chart performance of U Chart (2021) Peak position Japanese Albums (Oricon) 1 Japanese Combined Albums (Oricon) 1 Japanese Hot Albums (Billboard Japan) 1 ===Monthly charts=== Monthly chart performance for U Chart (2021) Peak position Japanese Albums (Oricon) 3 ===Year-end charts=== Year-end chart performance for U Chart (2021) Position Japanese Albums (Oricon) 16 Japanese Hot Albums (Billboard Japan) 26 Chart (2022) Position Japanese Hot Albums (Billboard Japan) 46 == References == Category:2021 albums Category:JYP Entertainment albums Category:Sony Music Entertainment Japan albums Category:NiziU albums
+"U" is a song by South Korean pop group Super Junior, and is the group's follow-up release to their debut album Twins. The single topped CD sales charts during the first several weeks after its release on June 7, 2006. "U" Tops CD Sales Charts "U" peaked at #1 on the monthly MIAK K-pop album charts and sold 91,416 copies by 2008.All sales numbers taken from the Music Industry Association of Korea. Last known sales numbers here. The song won a total of five music recognitions, being Super Junior's most successful single in the music charts until the release of "Sorry, Sorry" in March 2009. Promotional performances for the title song, "U", did not complete until September 2006. The last general performance for the song was in August 2007 in Tokyo, Japan. Since the Korean release of "U" in 2006, there has been two more releases of "U" in two different languages, Mandarin and Japanese. The Mandarin version of the single's title song "U" was released in a special Taiwan edition on June 15, 2007. On July 9, 2008, "U / Twins" was released in Japan, which included a Japanese version of "U" in the limited edition release. Super Junior-M, Super Junior's Mandopop subgroup, also released a cover of "U" on April 8, 2008, marking it the second Mandarin version and third remake of "U". In this version, however, the lyrics were changed completely from the first Mandarin version. Also, new incorporations of a new jazz swing style with new acoustic guitar arrangements and an added hip-hop dance bridge and violin bridge were added to make the song suitable for the Chinese language while keeping close to the original Korean pop vibe. ==History== Prior to "U", Super Junior was known for their member line-up, a concept very similar to Japanese girl group Morning Musume. Certain members of Super Junior's first generation were to be switched out and new members were to be added, which would form a second Super Junior generation. However, after the addition of a thirteenth member, Kyuhyun, the group ended their status as a project group and began to release productions as a group with permanent status. "U" is Kyuhyun's debut single. "U" was made available for download on May 25, 2006 via Super Junior's official website. The second track from the single, "Endless Moment", became available for download four days later. "U" had over 400 thousand downloads within five hours of release and ultimately exceeded 1.7 million downloads, crashing the server. Composed by Norwegian composer Ken Ingwersen and British musician Kevin Simm with the arrangement of Korean musician Hwang Sung-je, the song was promoted to be a song of "pure pop and dance" with contemporary R&B; influences and harmonization. The rap lyrics of the song were written by Eunhyuk, in which the rap is divided to two solos, the first half for Eunhyuk and the second half for Kibum. Donghae also rapped in the background of Kibum's solo. The song lyrics was written by Tae Hoon, who also wrote the song lyrics for another Super Junior song, Dancing Out. Several remixed versions of "U" were performed, but none of them were released as official singles. One remixed version of the song contains a dance bridge in the middle of the song right before the rap, and another version had the song completely mixed, creating a different pop vibe throughout the whole song. ==Reception== "U" became one of Super Junior's biggest hits. "U" yielded number-one spots for five consecutive weeks on two of Korea's top music programs for the first time in the group's career. The song was crowned as SBS Popular Songs' Mutizen Song of the week as soon as it was released, being the first award for the group since debut. The song then stayed as Mutizen Song for three weeks on the same program, also simultaneously grabbing two top awards from M.NET's M!Countdown for two weeks. Before promotions for "U" ended, "Dancing Out" was released on July 23, 2006 as part of SMTown's annual summer album, grabbing two awards as soon as it was released. "U" gained critical success, and Super Junior collected over seven awards in five of South Korea's top music award ceremonies as 2006 came to a close, winning Best New Group and popularity awards. "U" peaked at #1 on the monthly MIAK K-pop album charts, having sold 83,010 copies by 2007, selling more than their debut album Twins by the first half of 2007.All sales numbers taken from the Music Industry Association of Korea. Last known sales numbers here. The Taiwanese edition of "U" debuted at #6 and peaked at #5 on the Five Music J-pop/K-pop Chart of Taiwan and charted in the top ten for six weeks."J-Pop/K-Pop Chart Week 40 (6 - 12 October 2006)" Five Music Chart Retrieved 12 December 2007 Since the single's release, the song "U" had won Super Junior over five notable music awards. Super Junior won their first award since their debut after the release of "U" on June 25, 2006 as the SBS Popular Songs Mutizen Song, and stayed as Mutizen song for three consecutive weeks. The single also won Super Junior the Best New Group at the prestigious M.Net/KM Music Festival on November 25, 2006. The single has since earned more awards. ==Music video== The music video for "U" contains only scenes of the Super Junior members performing their group dance. Yoona of fellow SM Entertainment group Girls' Generation provides the only female role in the music video. The four-minute video mainly consists of the thirteen members performing their choreographed dance. Much popping, sliding, and waving were used in the performance, like many of Super Junior's other street dancing techniques. Chest movements and hip movements are heavily used and the pelvic thrust is also used in the dance, which became a famous action in future "U" parody dances. The music video on SM Town's YouTube channel, originally uploaded on September 28, 2009, was remastered in high definition and in 4K on January 5, 2022. ==Track listing== ===Korea "U" single=== ===Taiwan U special edition (EP+DVD)=== # "U" (就是你) [Mandarin version] -- 3:45 # "Dancing Out" -- 3:43 # "U" (就是你) [Korean version] -- 3:45 # "Endless Moment" (無盡的時刻) -- 3:38 # "Lovely Day" (美好的一天) -- 3:02 # "U" [Instrumental] -- 3:45 # "Endless Moment" (無盡的時刻) [Instrumental] -- 3:45 # "Lovely Day" (美好的一天) [Instrumental] -- 3:45 ;DVD # "U" (就是妳) [Music video] # "Dancing Out" [Music video] # Making of "U - Music Video" [Traditional Chinese subtitles] ==Korean Release== ===Chart positions=== Charts (2006) Debut Position Peak Position MIAK (South Korea) 1 1 ===Sales=== Charts (2006) Toral sales MIAK (South Korea) +92,000 ==Japanese release== "U / Twins" is a Japanese CD single released by Super Junior to commemorate their first Japan fan-meeting at Nippon Budokan in Tokyo and to celebrate the grand opening of their official Japanese website on April 1, 2008. It was released in Japan on July 9, 2008. The single peaked at #4 on Japan's Oricon Daily Chart on day of release, but dropped down four places in its second. The single was notable for being the first Korean single to be listed in the top 10 of Japan's Oricon Weekly Chart. The single includes a Japanese version of "U", performed entirely in Japanese except the rap segment, which is performed in English. However, it was only included in the limited version of the single as a bonus track. The limited version was released for free to fans who attended the fanmeeting. ===Track listing=== # "U" # "Twins" # "Miracle" # "Endless Moment" # [Limited Bonus Track] "U" [Japanese version] ====DVD==== # "U" [Music video] # Making of "U - Music Video" [Japanese subtitles] ===Chart positions=== Charts (2008) Debut Position Peak Position Oricon Daily Singles Chart 4 4 Oricon Weekly Singles Chart 8 8 ==Release history== Country Date Distributing label Format South Korea 7 June 2006 SM Entertainment Digital, CD Taiwan 4 October 2006 Avex Taiwan Limited Deluxe Edition album (CD) Taiwan 23 March 2007 Avex Taiwan Limited Regular Edition album (CD) Taiwan 15 June 2007 Avex Taiwan Special Edition album (CD+VCD) Taiwan 13 July 2007 Avex Taiwan Special Edition album (CD+DVD) Japan 9 July 2008 CD+DVD ==Credits and personnel for "U"== ===Super Junior=== *Leeteuk - vocals and background (main, chorus) *Heechul - vocals and background (main, chorus) *Han Geng - vocals and background (main, chorus) *Yesung - vocals and background (main, chorus) *Kang-In - vocals and background (main, chorus) *Shindong - background vocals (chorus) *Sungmin - vocals and background (main, chorus) *Eunhyuk - rap lyrics, vocals and background (rap, chorus) *Donghae - vocals and background (main, rap, chorus) *Siwon - vocals and background (main, chorus) *Ryeowook - vocals and background (main, chorus) *Kibum - vocals and background (rap, chorus) *Kyuhyun - vocals and background (main, chorus) ===Studio=== *Ken Ingwersen - composition *Kevin Simm - composition *Tae Hoon - song lyrics *Hwang Sung-je - arrangement *KAT - recording *Lee Seong-ho - mixing *Jeon Hoon - mastering *Lee Soo-man - producer *SM Entertainment - executive producer *SM Studios - studio recording, mixing, mastering and editing ==Super Junior-M's cover== "U" is the first promotional single for Super Junior-M, the third official sub- unit of Super Junior. The song and music video were released online in China on April 8, 2008, on the day of Super Junior-M's debut. The song, including the rap, is completely performed in Mandarin, which differs from the previous Mandarin version done by Super Junior, where the rap segment is performed in Korean. Although the lyrics convey a similar meaning, the lyrics of the two Mandarin versions are different. "U" is one of the twelve tracks featured in Super Junior-M's debut studio album, Me, which was released in April 2008 in China and South Korea, and later throughout Asia in May 2008. Super Junior-M's modified version of "U" contains heavier bass instruments, a closer musical approach to hip hop and jazz. The song also has extra music bridges, such as a violin bridge performed by Henry (reminiscent of Super Junior's Don't Don) and an added dance bridge, which makes the song almost a minute longer than the original Korean release. Super Junior member Yesung appears in the song as a stock vocal as his parts are originally from the original Korean version of "U". The dance choreography for Super Junior-M's "U" is also completely changed from the original. The choreography contains a variety of styles, such as different elements of street dancing and jazz dance to complement the maturity in the song, which slightly differs the image from the main group. The music video features the now f(x) member and leader Victoria, with her face dominating the mirrors, and the Super Junior-M members searching for her presence. ===Musical personnel of Super Junior-M's "U"=== *Han Geng - vocals (main, chorus, background) *Siwon - vocals (main, background) *Donghae - vocals (main, rap, background) *Kyuhyun - vocals (main, chorus, background) *Henry - vocals (main, rap, chorus, background) *Ryeowook - vocals (main, chorus, background) *Zhou Mi - vocals (main, rap, background) *Yesung - stock background vocal *Yi Zhen - Chinese lyrics *Ken Ingwersen - composition *Kevin Simms - composition *Yoo Young-jin - background vocal, arrangement == Accolades == Music program wins Program Date Inkigayo (SBS) June 25, 2006 July 9, 2006 July 16, 2006 M Countdown (Mnet) July 6, 2006 July 20, 2006 ==References== ==External links== *SM Entertainment's Official Site *Super Junior's Official Site *Super Junior Official Avex Site *Super Junior Japanese Official Site *Super Junior-M's Official Site Category:2006 singles Category:Super Junior songs Category:SM Entertainment singles Category:Korean- language songs Category:Songs written by Kevin Simm
+U is a possible astronomical body detected by Chile's Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) during a survey for substellar objects in the Alpha Centauri system. In images taken on 7 July 2014 (343.5 GHz) and 2 May 2015 (445 GHz), researchers discovered a source in the far infrared located within 5.5 arcseconds of . Based on its proper motion, it was at first thought to be a part of the Alpha Centauri system. Further analysis, however, found that the object must be closer to the Solar System, and that it may be gravitationally bound to the Sun. The researchers suggest that the object may be an extreme trans-Neptunian object (ETNO) beyond , a super-Earth at around , or a very cool brown dwarf at around . The research was published on the arXiv in December 2015, but was later withdrawn pending further study. Additional observations of the detection at 343.5 GHz could not be made, whereas the detection at 445 GHz was confirmed to greater than 12σ. A single point of data, however, is insufficient for proper analysis, and further observations must be made to better determine this object's nature and its orbit. Other astronomers have expressed skepticism over this claim. Mike Brown thinks that it is statistically improbable for a new Solar System object to be accidentally observed in ALMA's extremely narrow field of view, whereas Bruce Macintosh suggests that the detections may be artifacts introduced due to ALMA's calibration methods. == References == Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2015 Category:Scattered disc and detached objects Category:Possible dwarf planets
+U was an interactive youth-oriented New Zealand television channel, owned and operated by TVNZ. The channel launched on 13 March 2011, and featured reality programming, as well as an interactive live show and music content. It replaced the now defunct TVNZ 6. Leading up to the launch of U, there were 13 days' worth of promotional videos and programming information aired to advertise the new channel. Initially, U closed down every night at midnight, playing the Goodnight Kiwi animation to signal the end of nightly broadcast. During its closedown period of 12-midnight to 12-noon, the channel looped a video of non-stop dancing with text reading U 'returns at midday'. From February 2012, the channel began broadcasting infomercials from midnight until midday, except on Saturday and Sunday mornings, when it is illegal to broadcast adverts. On Saturday and Sunday, the channel closes down as usual, with infomercials played until 6am, a graphic is displayed from 6am until midday, and then the broadcast 'returns at midday'. In April 2013, the channel launched U Late, a late night version of its flagship programme U Live, but without the music videos. It was described as late night antics and chat, live and interactive every evening. On 29 July 2013, TVNZ announced that U would cease broadcast on 31 August 2013, after two years since the channel launch. ==Pre-launch== In preparation of the launch of U, TVNZ established a Facebook page for their new channel, giving fans information and offering one person the chance to schedule a selected segment of programming on the new channel for a month (known as U TV). On the evening of 28 February 2011, TVNZ 6 was officially shut down, allowing TVNZ to air promotional material for the new channel. At 3 pm on 9 March 2011, TVNZ activated its U Live application on Facebook, which, upon the launch of the channel, would allow users to share content and have it displayed as part of the U Live TV show. ==Launch== U was launched on 13 March 2011 at 4 pm on Freeview channel 6 and Sky channel 16. The first program to air was U Live. ==Closure== TVNZ closed U on 31 August 2013 at 7 pm after two years running at a loss. TVNZ announced that time-shift channel TV2+1 would launch to replace the channel on 1 September 2013 at 7 am. The final show to screen on U was U Live with the entire crew giving a farewell message, the final song to play on U Live was 2 Times by Ann Lee. After the end credits for U Live, a message was displayed on the U channel advising viewers of the new channel number for TV One +1 and TV2+1 (now TVNZ 1 +1 and TVNZ 2 +1 respectively). The channel numbers vary for viewers of Sky, Freeview and Igloo. ==U Live== The flagship show of U was U Live, a live show which aired 4pm – 7pm daily. The show featured music, interviews, and other general interest content. Viewers were invited to participate via a Facebook application, where they could vote in polls, take part in discussions, and view the show via a live commercial and graphic free stream. Comments and polls were then selected and displayed on screen during broadcast. U Live was hosted by Rose Matafeo, Connor Nestor, Matt Gibb, Eli Matthewson and former George FM breakfast host Kirsteen MacKenzie. U Live drew many parallels to TVNZ's rival network MediaWorks' youth-oriented show Four Live, which aired on FOUR. ==U's themed nights== U had themed programming for the different days of the week, with each theme having a distinctive title. Selected programming available on each night is listed below. Day Theme Shows Monday "Guts Monday" BMX Road Fools; Airtime; Speeders Specials; Homegrown Maniacs Tuesday "Dude Tuesday" The Cool Guy Files; Rhett And Link – Commercial Kings; Tough Guy Or Chicken? Wednesday "Pash Wednesday" The Shire; Tough Love – New Orleans Thursday "Girl Thursday" Made in Chelsea; Sorority Girls; Big Rich Texas Friday "Knock Out Friday" The Exclusives; Real World – Road Rules Saturday "U Again Saturday" Repeated programming Sunday "U Go Sunday" Travelling Unplugged; Roam; Ultimate Traveller; Amazing Adventures of a Nobody * Programming until closure () ==References== Category:Defunct television channels in New Zealand Category:Television channels and stations established in 2011 Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2013 Category:English-language television stations in New Zealand
+U is a double album, the seventh studio album overall, by the British psychedelic folk group the Incredible String Band (ISB) and was released on Elektra Records in October 1970. The majority of the material featured on the album was taken from the mixed-media production of the same name, which saw the band backed by the dancing troupe the Stone Monkey. The concept of U derived from the ISB's fascination and subsequent conversion to Scientology in 1969. Although the show, along with the songs, were seen as ambitious, U was a commercial failure for the ISB. The album managed to chart at number 183 on the Billboard 200,Whitburn, Joel; Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Albums, 1955-1996; p. 366. fairing considerably better in the UK where it peaked at number 34 on the UK Albums Charts.Chart Archive - Incredible String Band(Link redirected to OCC website) == Background == In 1969, after researching its concepts, the members of the ISB had joined the Church of Scientology, and expressed some of their changing views on their subsequent studio album, Changing Horses, later in the year. In November 1969, at the Hotel Chelsea in New York City, the ISB met two ex-members of David Medalla's kinetic art group the Exploding Galaxy, after the troupe unsuccessfully tried to negotiate a recording contract with MGM Records. Former members Malcolm Le Maistre and Rakis, as well as their newly formed dance ensemble the Stone Monkey, took residency at the ISB's commune in Glen Row to help the band, especially Robin Williamson, realise their vision for a multi-media stage act. Described as a "surreal parable in song and dance" by Williamson, U was "neither a pageant, a play, dance, theater, nor pantomime, though there were elements of all of those" in the show. For the plot, Williamson explained "the vague notion was, a soul incarnates out of nowhere, lives, and then vanishes again at the other end. Hence the idea 'U'", although the performances themselves hardly followed a coherent storyline. On 8 April 1970 the three-hour U show opened at London's Roundhouse where it ran for ten consecutive days. As many as 12 dancers accompanied the band on stage; the dancing aspect was reminiscent of the group's early performing days with the duo Mimi and Mouse. Another booking, this time for six days at the Fillmore West in San Francisco, came at the ISB's own expense, and the financial fallout forced the group to complete the shows without the Stone Monkey in a standard concert format. In an attempt to recoup the financial losses of the "U" show, record producer Joe Boyd booked the band, along with session musicians Janet Shankman, Peter Grant, and Maistre, into a San Francisco studio to record the nearly two hours of material that is featured on the double album. U was recorded in just 48 hours; Williamson recalled "We just went day and night for two days and two nights, in shifts, and finished. I can't remember what the reasons were, but we had to be done in a hurry. In a way, it seemed to fit". Regardless of the time constraints, the album still contained characteristically complex instrumentals and overdubbing. The music on the album was taken from the songs the band performed on the U tour, showcasing a staggering diversity of psychedelia, folk rock, and traditional folk arrangements long associated with the group, as well as new, highly progressive elements. ==Release== U was released in October 1970 on the Elektra label (catalogue item 7E-2002 in the US, catalogue item 2665 001 in the UK). In the US, the album peaked at number 183 on the Billboard 200, remaining on the charts for three weeks, and on the UK Albums Charts it managed to reach number 34 during a two-week stay. Also, in Melody Maker magazine the album charted in the top 20, before dropping off in a few weeks. The album's cover by Shankman was literal interpretation of the show as it featured a mult-colored "U". Inside the gatefold sleeve were photographs depicting the band and the Stone Monkeys in the midst of a performance of the "U" show. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== "El Wool Suite": * Mike Heron - sitar; * Robin Williamson - gimbri, flute, clay drums; * Rose Simpson - tabla, guitar "The Juggler's Song": * Robin Williamson - vocal, guitar, bass, mandolin; * Licorice McKechnie - vocal "Time": * Robin Williamson - vocal, 12-string guitar, mandolin "Bad Sadie Lee": * Janet Shankman - vocal; * Mike Heron - piano, vocal; * Robin Williamson - fiddle, Jew's harp, washboard, vocal; * Licorice McKechnie - vocal; * Rose Simpson - vocal; * Peter Grant - banjo "Queen of Love": * Robin Williamson - vocal, guitar, bass; * Janet Shankman - harpsichord; * Tom Constanten - arranger "Partial Belated Overture": * Mike Heron - piano, guitar; * Robin Williamson - shanai, fiddle; * Rose Simpson - bass "Light in Time of Darkness / Glad to See You": * Mike Heron - vocal, piano; * Rose Simpson - bass "Walking Along with You": * Rose Simpson - vocal; * Mike Heron - guitar, vocal; * Robin Williamson - bass "Hirem Pawnitof / Fairies' Hornpipe": * Mike Heron - vocal, guitar, mandolin; * Robin Williamson - fiddle; * Licorice McKechnie - spoons; * Rose Simpson - bass "Bridge Theme": * Mike Heron - guitar; * Robin Williamson - shanai, soondri; * Licorice McKechnie - drums; * Rose Simpson - bass "Bridge Song": * Licorice McKechnie - vocal; * Mike Heron - guitar, vocal; * Robin Williamson - lead guitar, vocal; * Rose Simpson - bass, vocal "Astral Plane Theme": * Robin Williamson - guitar "Invocation": * Robin Williamson - Greg Heat's voice sitar "Robot Blues": * Robin Williamson - vocal, piano "Puppet Song": * Robin Williamson - vocal, guitar "Cutting the Strings": * Robin Williamson - vocal, guitar, mandolin, gimbri, fiddle, flute; * Licorice McKechnie - vocal; * Mike Heron - sitar "I Know You": * Licorice McKechnie - vocal, guitar "Rainbow": * Mike Heron - vocal, piano, organ, guitar, bass; * Robin Williamson - drums, vocals, soondri, fiddle, flute, mandolin; * Licorice McKechnie - vocals, drums; * Rose Simpson - vocals, bass; * Mal and Malcolm - vocals ==Charts== Chart Entry date Peak position Weeks charted UK Albums Chart 31 October 1970 34 2 The Billboard 200 23 January 1971 183 3 ==References== Category:1970 albums Category:The Incredible String Band albums Category:Albums produced by Joe Boyd Category:Elektra Records albums Category:Warner Music Group albums
+The cuneiform U sign is found in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. It can be used for the alphabetic u, instead of the more common 2nd u, (ú). It has two other uses, commonly. It can be used for the number 10 (especially the Amarna letters from Tushratta of Mitanni, or Burna-Buriash II the king of Babylon), but its probable greater use is for the conjunction, u, with any of the conjunction meanings: and, but, else, etc. Of the three u's, by graphemic analysis (Buccellati, 1979), the commonness is as follows:Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96. :Ù (cuneiform), conjunction only (but also rare, for alphabetic "u") :ú (cuneiform), alphabetic 'u' :u (cuneiform), alphabetic (minor), 10, conjunction (highest use) Both Ù (cuneiform) and ú are in the top 25 most used signs,Buccellati, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96. but E (cuneiform) and "u (cuneiform)" are not; other vowels (or combination) in the 25 are: a (cuneiform), i (cuneiform), and ia (cuneiform), (which has a secondary use as suffix, "-mine", or "my", thus in top 25 most used signs). Suffix "iYa" is used in the Middle East\Southwest Asia at present day to end placenames, or other names: "My Xxxxx". ==Amarna letters uses== The use of u for numeral 10 has been explained above. It is used in the letters from Tushratta, speaking of the ancestral relations with former father kings: ...my father loved your father (the Pharaoh) 10 times more, and I have 10 times more love now. May our relations... be forever "inter-related". (Amarna letter EA 19, 2nd paragraph, setting up the letter of a 13 paragraph letter, topics about daughter for Pharaoh's wife, love, gold, etc.) Amarna letter EA 252, Labaya to Pharaoh, titled: Sparing One's Enemies,Moran, 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 252, Sparing One's Enemies, pp. 305-306. explains his actions in defending 'his position', after cities have been overtaken. He states in idiomatic iconography: "....my parts are eaten!..(.U.)And..I am slandered!. He continues in parable form: ".....if an ant is attacked (pinched), should it just sit (take it), or bite (the) hand back!?".... He continues to then discuss the men who have taken a city, (and a cult statue), and defends his past, and future actions. ==Partial list of signs beginning with wedge (u)== Partial list of signs beginning with u, from the Epic of Gilgamesh (Parpola, 1971), and the Amarna letters: * Cuneiform-u--Sign No. 1--- 100x24px|-(conjunction use, and "10"; occasionally for u) * Cuneiform-AMAR, ṣur, zur--Sign No. 2---100x24px|; Sumerogram: See!-(AMAR) (Akkadian, "amāru")-(Note: minus the vertical stroke) * Cuneiform-di--Sign No. 3--- 100x24px| * Cuneiform-ki--Sign No. 4---100x24px| * Cuneiform-mi-(Sign 5) * Cuneiform-ši, lim, or IGI ("in 'face' of", "before" Sumerogram)--Sign No. 6--- 175x42px|--(Abdi-Ashirta), Abdi-A-Ši-iR-Ta, (wedge-sign, 4th sign) * Cuneiform-u--Sign No. u-1---100x24px| * Cuneiform-ú--Sign No. u-2--- 100x24px|-(approximate: only 3 verticals for ú, (the common alphabetic u)) * Cuneiform-Ù-(u-3)--Sign No. 7---100x24px| ** (With an added horizontal, 100x24px|,after the left vertical) Also: * Cuneiform-ar, (Shuwardata of Amarna letter EA 282) * Cuneiform-nim-(nem, nim, num, and Sumerograms NIM, NUM) (EA 34) == See also == * Winkelhaken – one of the five basic wedge elements used in Akkadian cuneiform, identical to u. ==References== === Citations === ===Bibliography=== *Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95–100. *Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ) * Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I through Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages. *Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors Claude Schaeffer, with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian", author Giorgio Buccellati, ( i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB,Royal, OB,non-Royal letters). \---- File:C+B-Assyria- CuneiformImage12.PNG|(minus a short "horizontal stroke" right of large "wedge- stroke") Most common of the u's: 3rd u, Ù (cuneiform), conjunction for And, but, else, etc. File:Tablet Zimri-Lim Louvre AO20161.jpg|Line 3, left (example) Ù (cuneiform) 3rd U: conjunction for And, but, else, etc. Category:Cuneiform signs
+U is a 2006 French animated film directed by Serge Élissalde and Grégoire Solotareff. It was at the 2007 Seattle International Film Festival. ==References== ==External links== * * Category:2006 films Category:2006 animated films Category:French animated films Category:2000s French films
+ㅜ (u) is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅜ is U+315C. ==Stroke order== center|Stroke order in writing ㅜ Category:Hangul jamo Category:Vowel letters
+"U + Me (Love Lesson)" is a song by American singer Mary J. Blige from her 13th studio album, Strength of a Woman (2017). It was released on February 17, 2017, as the album's second single. Brandon "B.A.M." Hodge produced "U + Me (Love Lesson)" and co-wrote it with Charles Hinshaw, David D. Brown, and Mary J. Blige. It is a soul ballad, and its lyrics revolve around a breakup. Music critics identified its message as similar to that of Blige's previous single, "Thick of It" (2016). "U + Me (Love Lesson)" received positive reviews from critics for its composition and lyrics. The single charted on several Billboard charts, peaking at number one on the Adult R&B; Songs chart. Blige promoted the song through live performances. ==Recording and release== Brandon "B.A.M." Hodge produced "U + Me (Love Lesson)" and co-wrote it with Charles Hinshaw, David D. Brown, and Mary J. Blige. Hinshaw also provided background vocals. Jaymz Hardy-Martin III recorded and mixed the track, and David Kim worked as an assistant mixer. The vocals were recorded by Marshall Bryant, with assistance from Dexter Randall. The single was recorded at Windmark Recording in Santa Monica, California, engineered at the Marvin's Room, and mixed at the Chalice Recording Studio—both in Los Angeles. Capitol released "U + Me (Love Lesson)" as a digital download on February 17, 2017. It was the second single from Blige's 13th studio album, Strength of a Woman (2017). On May 2, 2017, she sang it at the iHeartRadio Theater in New York City. On May 19, 2017, Blige performed the song as part of a medley during Today's Citi Concert series. ==Composition and lyrics== Lasting four minutes and 59-seconds, "U + Me (Love Lesson)" is a midtempo soul ballad. Michael Saponara of Vibe wrote that it contained elements of soul music, and Andy Kellman of AllMusic interpreted the composition as "a machine-soul ballad". Ammar Kalia of Clash described the instrumental as composed of "trap-influenced sub-bass and heavier drum programming", and Andy Gill of The Independent wrote that the song shared the same "skittish modern beats" as Blige's single "Love Yourself" (2017). Kyle Eustice of HipHopDX described the single as a "sultry breakup ballad" with lyrics referencing Blige's divorce from Kendu Issacs. Eustice wrote that the song revolves around "bouncing back from a devastating blow". Music critics compared the song's message to that of Blige's previous single "Thick of It" (2016). Andy Kellman felt that it "could not have been made at any other point in Blige's career". Lyrics include: "The lies you told to me make it easy for me to leave, You plus me wasn't the best thing" and "And I just can't deny the fact / we don't belong together / Guess it ain't the real thing." She talks about a relationship that does not add up to a happy ending singing: "You plus me was a love lesson / In too deep with our imperfections." Blige also sings about getting over a breakup with the lyrics: "Gotta keep on pushin' / Love myself through the hard times." ==Reception== The song received a positive critical response. Praising how listeners could relate to the song's lyrics, a Jet writer said that Blige had "another vocal peak". Kylie Eustice wrote that Blige "turned [her] pain into art", and Michael Saponara described the song as "a therapeutic anthem to anyone going through a bad break up or tough times with a loved one". Ammar Kalia enjoyed how the single differed from the "orchestral swells" typically used in Blige's music, and referred to it as "refreshing". Soul Bounce's D-Money commended the song for its "undeniable head nod factor and empowering lyrics". "U + Me (Love Lesson)" charted on several Billboard charts. The song peaked at number 18 on the R&B; Songs Billboard chart on May 27, 2017, and stayed on the chart for five weeks. It reached number 11 on the R&B;/Hip-Hop Airplay Billboard chart on May 20, 2017, and remained on the chart for 20 weeks. The single peaked at number one on the Adult R&B; Songs Billboard chart on May 6, 2017, and remained on the chart for 25 weeks. "U + Me (Love Lesson)" reached number eight on the Billboard Adult R&B; songs year-end chart. The song received a nomination for Outstanding Song, Traditional at the 2018 NAACP Image Awards. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== *Backing Vocals – Charles "Prince Charlez" Hinshaw *Engineer [Additional] – Marshall Bryant, Michael Frenke *Mixed By [Assistant] – David Kim *Mixed By, Recorded By – Jaymz Hardy-Martin III *Producer – Brandon "B.A.M." Hodge *Recorded By [Additional, Assistant] – Dexter Randall *Recorded By [Additional] – Marshall Bryant *Written-By – Brandon Hodge, Charles Hinshaw, David D. Brown, Mary J. Blige ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2017) Peak position ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2017) Position US Adult R&B; Songs (Billboard) 8 ==Release history== Country Date Format Label United States February 17, 2017 Digital download Capitol ==Notes== ==References== == External links == * Category:2017 singles Category:2017 songs Category:2010s ballads Category:Mary J. Blige songs Category:Capitol Records singles Category:Songs written by Mary J. Blige Category:Soul ballads
+"U + Ur Hand" is a song by American pop singer Pink. It was lined up as the third single from her fourth studio album I'm Not Dead (2006). It was released on August 28, 2006, and ignited controversy due to its explicit lyrical content and strong language. The song was written by Pink, Max Martin and Dr. Luke, the same trio who wrote Pink's previous hit single "Who Knew" and the song is also co-written by Rami Yacoub. The two songs eventually became Pink's first two singles to receive Platinum certifications from Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the first two among a series of hits by Martin and Dr. Luke that followed, including Pink's first solo number-one hit on the US Billboard Hot 100, "So What". "U + Ur Hand" is credited for re- energizing Pink's career in the US and sales of I'm Not Dead in the country, as the album re-entered the Billboard 200 with the song's success, after weeks out of the chart. It peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Pink's seventh top-ten hit on the chart, and was ranked number 29 on Billboards year-end chart for 2007. The single performed well internationally, peaking atop the radio charts of the Czech Republic and Hungary and reaching the top 10 in over 10 other countries. ==Writing and controversy== Pink wrote the song with Max Martin, Luke Gottwald, and Rami, with a lyrical focus on mocking the men who would flirt with her in clubs. The title refers to the line "looks like it's just me and my hand tonight", which was a phrase she had heard guys using. The song has often been compared to the Veronicas' song "4ever" due to similarities, which are attributed to the fact both songs are written by the same songwriters. The song caused controversy in the U.S. because of its "racy" references to masturbation, and consequently some radio stations refused to play it. Pink and her publicist further stated that she was prohibited from singing "U + Ur Hand" on the U.S. television show American Idol because of such references.Baldacci, Leslie. "Shocking pink" . Chicago Sun-Times. May 15, 2007. Retrieved July 4, 2007. After being asked to change the title and lyrics to "U + Ur Heart", she said, "You want me to rewrite my song for you. For American fucking Idol? What does that even mean, how do you have sex with your heart?""Pink Visits Austereo's Kyle And Jackie O". popdirt.com. May 25, 2007. Retrieved July 4, 2007. She performed "Who Knew" instead. ==Release and reception== Pink reportedly wanted "U + Ur Hand" to be the second single from I'm Not Dead, but "Who Knew" was released as the second and "U + Ur Hand" was instead released as the third. The single had success in Europe, reaching number 10 in the United Kingdom, number four in Germany and number 11 in France; it peaked inside the top ten on the European Hot 100 Singles chart.Visakowitz, Susan. "Pink's latest album gets another chance". Reuters March 24, 2007. In Australia the song peaked at number five on the ARIA Singles Chart and is certified platinum for sales of 70,000 copies. It was ranked at number 25 on ARIA's Top 100 Singles of 2006. It was released to radio in the United States on October 30."Available for Airplay - 2006 - 10/30 Mainstream" . FMBQ. Retrieved July 4, 2007. In January 2007 "U + Ur Hand" debuted on the Hot 100 at number 94,Cohen, Jonathan. "Beyonce's 'Irreplaceable' Starts '07 Atop Hot 100". Billboard. January 4, 2007. Retrieved March 2, 2007. and it peaked at number nine. It was the most successful single from I'm Not Dead in the U.S., and her highest-charting song since "Just Like a Pill" (2002). "U + Ur Hand" peaked at number 24 on the Canadian Hot 100, in the first edition of the chart provided by Billboard."Canadian Hot 100 - U + Ur Hand". Billboard. July 7, 2007. Retrieved July 4, 2007. Billboard magazine credited the single with causing an increase in the U.S. sales of I'm Not Dead, which returned to the Billboard 200 albums chart in the same period the single entered the Hot 100.Caulfield, Keith. "Ask Billboard - Pink: Still Not Dead". Billboard. February 16, 2007. Retrieved February 23, 2007. The album later re-entered the top 100 on the strength of "U + Ur Hand" and a resurgence of interest in "Who Knew".Bronson, Fred. "Chart Beat Chat - Suddenly In The Pink". Billboard. March 30, 2007. Retrieved April 3, 2007. According to Tom Carraba, Zomba Label Group general manager and executive vice president of sales and marketing, the "patience" of radio stations, the "great" music video for the single and Pink's participation in Justin Timberlake's FutureSex/LoveShow tour was responsible for the increase in popularity of "U + Ur Hand", which consequently led to renewed interest in the album. Carraba said the single "is the vehicle that will reignite the U.S. marketplace. We think we have a number-one record on our hands." One program director at the radio station WBBM-FM attributed the success of the single to its appeal to women, calling it "a female anthem" and "very fitting to people who are sick of getting hit on by guys at the club, and want to give them a nice buzz off ... [i]t's relevant to what's going on with young people". The song was well received by music critics. Rolling Stone said in their review of I'm Not Dead that Pink "sets a proudly bitchy tone in the song",Walters, Barry. "Pink - I'm Not Dead". Rolling Stone. April 4, 2006. Retrieved March 30, 2007. and Allmusic described Pink as "taunting and teasing" in "U + Ur Hand".[ "I'm Not Dead - Pink"]. Allmusic. Retrieved March 30, 2007. British newspaper The Guardian wrote, "the pithy put-downs of ["U + Ur Hand"] make bearable the sudden shift from classy beats to lumpen power pop".Clarke, Betty. "Pink, I'm Not Dead". The Guardian. March 31, 2006. Retrieved March 30, 2007. Entertainment Weekly told that "including one that's destined to be an instant word-of-mouth smash: the irresistibly rude U + Ur Hand, in which Pink tells a drunken club suitor just whom he'll be having sex with later (the title provides the answer)." NY Times also praised: "Pink stays playfully upbeat when she's irritated. U + Ur Hand uses a Joan Jett stomp to give a singles-bar Lothario a brusque brushoff, warning, I'm not here for your entertainment/ You don't wanna mess with me tonight. ==Music video== Pink shot the music videos for "U + Ur Hand" and "Stupid Girls" simultaneously, before the decision was made to release the latter as the first single from I'm Not Dead. Dave Meyers directed both videos. The "U + Ur Hand" video was shot in Sun Valley, California, at the Haziza Gallery in Los Angeles, at La Center Studios and at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Hollywood, California in December 2005."Making of the U + Ur Hand Video", part 1. YouTube"Making of the U + Ur Hand Video", part 2. YouTube Pink stated that in the "U + Ur Hand" video she was "glammed" up and that it took four hours of make-up and one hour of shooting for every different look in the video.Vineyard, Jennifer. "Pink Would Rather Fall Off A Car Than Get Glammed Up For Her Videos". MTV News. December 21, 2005. Retrieved March 23, 2007. She said she wanted it to be "a colorful video". The outfit that Pink was wearing in the bedroom scene consisted of pieces of black lace that was imported from France and cost US$300 per yard of the fabric. The actor in the tea garden scene is Tristan Castro. The music video for "U + Ur Hand" premiered on Canada's MuchMusic network on July 18, 2006, and was released in Europe at the end of August. In the United States it premiered on MTV's Total Request Live on September 29 as the "First Look" for that day. Six days after its debut, the video reached number one on TRL, Pink's second video to do so after the video for her 2003 single "Trouble". It shows Pink as "Lady Delish", in a Garage, training in a Gym, sitting on a balcony, in a 'Tea Garden', at a party and on a bed. The video features Pink posing as several of New Zealand artist Martin Emond's characters, including "Baby Red Knuckles", "Rocker Bikergirl" and "Hard Candy". In the video, she has six different looks. During the video, Pink is shown reading a book with pictures of each scene that follows. The use of these characters was uncredited and unauthorised. At the time of the video release, Illicit Streetwear and the Martin F. Emond estate were reviewing their options to take action."Pinks Illicit Style". Illicit Streetwear (via archive.org). Retrieved October 12, 2006. ==Track listings== * UK CD1 # "U + Ur Hand" – 3:36 # "Crash & Burn" (feat. Gentleman) – 4:28 * UK CD2 # "U + Ur Hand" – 3:36 # "Crash & Burn" (feat. Gentleman) – 4:28 # "U + Ur Hand" (Beat Culting Club Mix) – 6:42 # "U + Ur Hand" (Bimbo Jones Remix) – 8:15 # "U + Ur Hand" (video) – 3:40 ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2006–2007) Peak position Croatia (HRT) 10 Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) 8 Germany Airplay (BVMI) 2 Poland (Polish Airplay Charts) 2 Romania (Romanian Top 100) 8 Venezuela Pop Rock (Record Report) 2 ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2006) Position Australia (ARIA) 25 Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) 42 CIS (TopHit) 150 Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) 41 Germany (Official German Charts) 46 Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) 25 Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) 50 UK Singles (OCC) 70 Chart (2007) Position CIS (TopHit) 43 Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) 98 Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) 4 Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) 91 Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) 98 US Billboard Hot 100 29 US Adult Top 40 (Billboard) 13 ==Certifications== ==Release history== Release dates and formats for "U + Ur Hand" Region Date Format Label(s) United Kingdom August 28, 2006 CD single RCA Germany September 29, 2006 Sony BMG Australia October 2, 2006 United States October 31, 2006 Contemporary hit radio LaFace November 6, 2006 Hot adult contemporary radio ==References== Category:2006 songs Category:2006 singles Category:LaFace Records singles Category:Music videos directed by Dave Meyers (director) Category:Number-one singles in the Czech Republic Category:Number-one singles in Hungary Category:Obscenity controversies in music Category:Pink (singer) songs Category:Song recordings produced by Dr. Luke Category:Song recordings produced by Max Martin Category:Songs about sexual assault Category:Songs with feminist themes Category:Songs written by Dr. Luke Category:Songs written by Max Martin Category:Songs written by Pink (singer) Category:Songs written by Rami Yacoub
+"U 2 Luv" is a song by American singer-songwriters Ne-Yo and Jeremih. It was released on May 29, 2020. The song interpolates elements of two classic 1980s hits – Mtume's "Juicy Fruit" and Zapp's "Computer Love". On October 23, 2020, an official remix was released, featuring rapper Lil Durk and singer Queen Naija. The song peaked at number 66 on the Billboard Hot 100, marking Ne-Yo's first appearance on the charts since 2014's "Time of Our Lives". Eventually, the song was included on his eighth studio album, Self Explanatory (2022). ==Background== Ne-Yo described the song on Instagram, referencing the COVID-19 quarantine: "My friend Jeremih and I have created the perfect soundtrack for you and quarantine bae". ==Music video== The video was uploaded on August 8, 2020, directed by Chad Tennies and Caleb Seales. The visual follows Ne-Yo and his wife, Crystal Renay, as they take to the floor of a closed roller skating rink – with a cameo from comedian Jess Hilarious – while Jeremih and his girlfriend enjoy a cozy night at home. ==Charts== Chart (2020) Peak position ==References== Category:2020 singles Category:2020 songs Category:Ne- Yo songs Category:Jeremih songs Category:Songs written by Ne-Yo Category:Songs written by Jeremih Category:Songs written by James Mtume Category:Songs written by Larry Troutman Category:Songs written by Shirley Murdock
+U 47 – Kapitänleutnant Prien () is a 1958 black-and-white German war film portraying the World War II career of the U-boat captain Günther Prien. It stars Dieter Eppler and Sabine Sesselmann and was directed by Harald Reinl. ==Plot== The film begins shortly after the outbreak of World War II when Günther Prien reports to the commander of the U-boat force, Karl Dönitz. Dönitz orders Prien as commander of U-47 to infiltrate the Royal Navy's primary base at Scapa Flow to inflict as much damage as possible. Prien accomplishes his mission and receives a hero's welcome on his return.Cooke & Silberman 2010, p. 62. Following these events, pastor Kille, a former schoolmate of Prien, approaches Prien in need of help. Kille offers refuge to victims of Nazi oppression. Prien initially declines, stating he is a soldier and not involved in politics. The attempt by Kille's sister Alwine, who is engaged to Prien's first officer Thomas Birkeneck, also fails to convince Prien. As the war progresses, Prien is plagued by his bad conscience, asking himself if his attitude is correct. A dramatic incident occurs following the sinking of a freighter. U-47 rescues two survivors. These turn out to be German refugees who are trying to escape from Nazi Germany. The two chose to remain at sea over the prospect of returning to Germany. Prien finally believes, that as a figure of public interest, he could influence and change something for the better. He goes to visit the imprisoned pastor Kille. Prien promises him help, not realizing that their conversation is overheard. Thus Prien himself attracts the attention of the Gestapo, the secret police.Cooke & Silberman 2010, p. 63. The visit remains without consequences for Prien. U-47 is sunk on its next war patrol. Prien and his cook (Der Smut) are rescued by a British ship, which is then sunk by another German submarine under the command of Prien's former first officer, Birkeneck. Prien's hat is retrieved from the sea putting Birkeneck in a state of shock. Subsequently, he fails to give the order to dive on time and his boat is sunk by attacking enemy aircraft. ==Historical accuracy== The story is loosely based on Prien's combat record and command of submarine . His most famous exploit was the sinking of the British battleship at anchor in the Home Fleet's anchorage in Scapa Flow.Busch and Röll 2003, pp. 15–20. His achievements as U-boat commander were highly idolized by Joseph Goebbels' Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda.Ossmann-Mausch 2006, p. 151. Every character depicted in the film, except for Prien and Admiral Dönitz, who is not mentioned by name in the film, is fictitious. Prien's portrayal as an active member of the German resistance is also fictitious. U-47s destruction and Prien's death is another invention of the movie makers. To date, there is no official record of what happened to the U-47 or her 45 crewmen.Busch and Röll 2003, p. 20. The submarine shown in the film was the Spanish submarine G-7, formerly the . ==Cast== ==References== Citations Bibliography * * * * * ==External links== * * "U47 - Kapitänleutnant Prien" at filmportal.de Category:1958 films Category:1950s war films Category:Biographical films about military personnel Category:Films directed by Harald Reinl Category:German biographical films Category:1950s German- language films Category:German war films Category:West German films Category:World War II submarine films Category:Constantin Film films Category:1950s German films
+U Account is a UK-based digital current account alternative founded by Alex Letts, ex-owner of Ffrees Family Finance, and U Holdings Ltd. In 2019, the business was acquired by Shelby Finance Ltd, a subsidiary of Morses Club PLC. U Account is Closing in May 2022 ==History== With backing from Finance Yorkshire, U was originally founded as Ffrees in Sheffield in 2012 as a family savings initiative and a modern-day challenger to the 'Big Four' banks. In 2019, U was bought by U Holdings Ltd, a company with the same team and management that founded the product under Ffrees Family Finance. In June 2019, U Holdings Ltd was acquired by Shelby Finance Ltd, a subsidiary of Morses Club PLC. The company now trades under the name of U Account. Since launch, U Account has secured £11m of funding from UK and citywide investors and amassed over 50,000 account holders. ==Technology== The U platform integrates multiple banking systems, including those of partners GPS, Bottomline Technologies and Wirecard in a centralised account. In early 2017, U added a free Android and iOS mobile app to its existing product offerings. With the app, users can check their account balance as well as view recent transaction history, transfer money to and from sub-accounts known as 'Extra Accounts' and seek help and support. Work is currently in progress on the development of functionalities surrounding card status and activation, as well as external payments. In April 2018, U integrated PayPoint, enabling their customers to pay cash into their accounts at any of the 29,000 participating retailers in the UK. PayPoint integration has been a significant development for U Account holders, who had previously only been able to add funds via BACS or Faster Payment. In June 2020, U was forced to temporarily suspend activities on customer's accounts due to an investigation into their card provider, Wirecard, by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). ==References== Category:Financial services companies established in 2012 Category:Financial services companies of England
+"U Ain't Goin' Nowhere" was the third single from Young Buck's second album, Buck the World.Check out the new Young Buck Single! . young-buck.com. Accessed July 31, 2007 It features contemporary R&B; singer LaToiya Williams and was produced by Dr. Dre and Mark Batson. ==Music video== In the music video, the song is cut off about halfway through the video and goes to his other song, "Buck the World", which features Lyfe Jennings.. The video was directed by Gil Green (director). The music video was unique as it was filmed in Havana Cuba. The filming in Cuba was made possible after Interscope Records and Gil Green received special authorization from The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). == Charts == Chart (2007) Peak position ==Personnel== *Young Buck: vocals *LaToiya Williams: vocals *Mark Batson: keyboard *Dawaun Parker: keyboard *Mike Elizondo: guitar *Mixed and produced by Dr. Dre ==References== == External links == * Category:2007 singles Category:Young Buck songs Category:Song recordings produced by Dr. Dre Category:Song recordings produced by Mark Batson Category:G-Unit Records singles Category:Interscope Records singles Category:2007 songs Category:Songs written by Young Buck Category:Songs written by Mike City Category:Songs written by Dr. Dre
+U Airlines () was"." U Airlines profile." an airline based in Thailand, which began operations in April 2012. U Airlines operated only charter flights. == History == U Airlines Co. Ltd. was founded in April 2012 . In August 2012, U Airlines received its first aircraft, an Airbus A320-200 and the inaugural flight was on September 16, 2012 with Bangkok-Yancheng route at Don Mueang International Airport. == Fleet == As of August 2014, U Airlines has one Airbus320. == References == Category:Defunct airlines of Thailand Category:Airlines established in 2012 Category:Airlines disestablished in 2014 Category:Thai companies established in 2012 Category:2014 disestablishments in Thailand
+"U Already Know" is a R&B; song recorded by American R&B; band 112 for their fifth studio album Pleasure & Pain (2005). Slim and Q share lead vocals, with Daron providing ad libs at the end. == Track listing == #"U Already Know" (Radio Edit) — 3:16 #"U Already Know" (Instrumental) — 3:16 #"U Already Know" (Call Out) — 1:16 ;Official Remixes #"U Already Know" (Murder Remix featuring Ja Rule & Harry O) #"U Already Know" (Roc-A-Fella Remix featuring Foxy Brown) == Charts == ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2005) Peak position ===Year-end charts=== Chart (2005) Position US Billboard Hot 100 97 US Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) 21 == References == "Already know"- David Williams Category:2004 singles Category:112 (band) songs Category:Foxy Brown (rapper) songs Category:Bad Boy Records singles Category:Songs written by Lil' Eddie Category:Songs written by Sean Garrett Category:2004 songs Category:Hip hop soul songs
+U América FC is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Lima. ==History== The club was founded with the name of América Cochahuayco, subsequently in 1996 the club changed by name Universitario de América until 1997. In the 2011, the club changed by name to U América FC. The club was 1999 Segunda División Peruana champion, but was defeated by Deportivo Pesquero in the Promotion Play-off. In the 2003 Segunda División Peruana, the club was relegated to the Copa Perú. The club was promoted to the 2005 Segunda División Peruana as 2004 Liga Departamental de Lima champion. In the 2011 Peruvian Segunda División, the club was relegated to the 2012 Copa Perú when it was defeated by Coronel Bolognesi in the relegation playoff. They classified to the Regional Stage as Peruvian Segunda Division relegatees where they had a short one game campaign in which they lost to Márquez FC. ==Historic Badges== Image:América Cochahuayco.png| ==Honours== ===National=== *Peruvian Segunda División: 1 ::Winners (1): 1999 *Liga Distrital de San Luis: 2 ::Winners (2): 1992, 2004 ==See also== *List of football clubs in Peru *Peruvian football league system Category:Football clubs in Peru Category:Association football clubs established in 1980
+U Andromedae is a variable star in the constellation of Andromeda, at a distance of approximately . It is a star of spectral type M6e and it is classified as a Mira variable. U Andromedae is the variable star designation of this star. Its brightness varies by several magnitudes with a mean period of , although the exact length of each cycle is somewhat variable. Similarly, the magnitude of each maximum and minimum varies. The mean apparent magnitude is 11.6, with a mean maximum magnitude of 9.9. The brightest recorded maxima are at magnitude 9.0, and the faintest minima at magnitude 15.0. The rise to maximum brightness is faster than the fall to minimum, taking on average 40% of the period. The large amplitude, long period, and shape of the light curve mean that U Andromedae is classified as a Mira variable, a type of pulsating asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. It was first observed to be variable by Thomas D. Anderson during 1894 and 1895. AGB stars have exhausted both hydrogen and helium in their cores and are not massive enough to fuse carbon and oxygen, so they erratically fuse helium and hydrogen shells outside the core. ==References== Category:Mira variables Category:Andromeda (constellation) 007482 Category:M-type giants Andromedae, U Category:Durchmusterung objects Category:Emission-line stars J01152971+4043082 Category:IRAS catalogue objects

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+Y, or y, is the twenty-fifth and penultimate letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. According to some authorities, it is the sixth (or seventh if including W) vowel letter of the English alphabet. In the English writing system, it mostly represents a vowel and seldom a consonant, and in other orthographies it may represent a vowel or a consonant. Its name in English is wyeAlso spelled wy, plural wyes. (pronounced ), plural wyes."Y", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "wy", op. cit. ==Name== In Latin, Y was named I graeca ("Greek I"), since the classical Greek sound , similar to modern German ü or French u, was not a native sound for Latin speakers, and the letter was initially only used to spell foreign words. This history has led to the standard modern names of the letter in Romance languages – i grego in Galician, i grega in Catalan, i grec in French and Romanian, i greca in Italian – all meaning "Greek I". The names igrek in Polish and in Vietnamese are both phonetic borrowings of the French name. In Dutch, the letter is either only found in loanwords, or is practically equivalent to the digraph IJ. Hence, both Griekse ij and i-grec are used, as well as ypsilon. In Spanish, Y is also called i griega; however, in the twentieth century, the shorter name ye was proposed and was officially recognized as its name in 2010 by the Real Academia Española, although its original name is still accepted. The original Greek name υ ψιλόν (upsilon) has also been adapted into several modern languages. For example, it is called Ypsilon in German, ypsilon in Dutch, i in Icelandic. Both names are used in Italian, ipsilon or i greca; likewise in Portuguese, ípsilon or i grego. In Faroese, the letter is simply called seinna i ("later i") because of its later place in the alphabet. Old English borrowed Latin Y to write the native Old English sound (previously written with the rune yr ). The name of the letter may be related to 'ui' (or 'vi') in various medieval languages; in Middle English it was 'wi' , which through the Great Vowel Shift became the Modern English 'wy' . ==History== Summary of the sources of Modern English "Y" Phoenician Greek Latin English (approximate times of changes) Old Middle Modern 75px 100px V → U → V/U/UU → V/U/W Y → Y (vowel ) → Y (vowel ) → Y (vowels) 75px 100px C → G → Ᵹ (consonantal , or ) → Ȝ (consonantal , or ) → Y Y (consonant) thumb|right|75px|The later, Phoenician version of waw The oldest direct ancestor of English letter Y was the Semitic letter waw (pronounced as ), from which also come F, U, V, and W. See F for details. The Greek and Latin alphabets developed from the Phoenician form of this early alphabet. Since Late Middle English, the letter Y came to be used in a number of words where earlier Middle English spelling contained the letter yogh (Ȝȝ), which developed from the letter G, ultimately from Semitic gimel – as described below (As a side note - Modern Greek lowercase gamma is somewhat similarly shaped to the lowercase letter ). ===Vowel=== The form of the modern letter Y is derived from the Greek letter upsilon. It dates back to the Latin of the first century BC, when upsilon was introduced a second time, this time with its "foot" to distinguish it. It was used to transcribe loanwords from the prestigious Attic dialect of Greek, which had the non-Latin vowel sound (as found in modern French cru (raw), or German grün (green)) in words that had been pronounced with in earlier Greek. Because was not a native sound of Latin, Latin speakers had trouble pronouncing it, and it was usually pronounced . Some Latin words of Italic origin also came to be spelled with 'y': Latin silva ('forest') was commonly spelled sylva, in analogy with the Greek cognate and synonym ὕλη.Oxford English Dictionary Second edition, 1989; online version June 2011, s.v. 'sylva' The letter Y was used to represent the sound in the writing systems of some other languages that adopted the Latin alphabet. In Old English and Old Norse, there was a native sound, and so Latin U, Y and I were all used to represent distinct vowel sounds. But, by the time of Middle English, had lost its roundedness and became identical to I ( and ). Therefore, many words that originally had I were spelled with Y, and vice versa. The distinction between and was also lost in later Icelandic and Faroese, making the distinction purely orthographic and historical, but not in the mainland Scandinavian languages, where the distinction is retained. It may be observed that a similar merger of into happened in Greek around the beginning of the 2nd millennium, making the distinction between iota (Ι, ι) and upsilon (Υ, υ) purely a matter of historical spelling there as well. In the West Slavic languages, Y was adapted as a sign for the close central unrounded vowel ; later, merged with in Czech and Slovak, whereas Polish retains it with the pronunciation . Similarly, in Middle Welsh, Y came to be used to designate the vowels and in a way predictable from the position of the vowel in the word. Since then, has merged with in Southern Welsh dialects, but is retained. In Modern English, Y can represent the same vowel sounds as the letter I. The use of the letter Y to represent a vowel is more restricted in Modern English than it was in Middle and early Modern English. It occurs mainly in the following three environments: for upsilon in Greek loan-words (system: Greek σύστημα), at the end of a word (rye, city; compare cities, where S is final), and in place of I before the ending -ing (dy-ing, justify- ing). ===Consonant=== As a consonant in English, Y normally represents a palatal approximant, (year, yore). In this usage, the letter Y has replaced the Middle English letter yogh (Ȝȝ), which could represent . (Yogh could also represent other sounds, such as , which came to be written gh in Middle English.) ===Confusion in writing with the letter thorn=== When printing was introduced to Great Britain, Caxton and other English printers used Y in place of Þ (thorn: Modern English th), which did not exist in continental typefaces. From this convention comes the spelling of the as ye in the mock archaism Ye Olde Shoppe. But, in spite of the spelling, pronunciation was the same as for modern the (stressed , unstressed ). Pronouncing the article ye as yee () is purely a modern spelling pronunciation. ==Pronunciation and use== Pronunciations of Yy Language Dialect(s) Pronunciation (IPA) Environment Notes Afrikaans Albanian Azerbaijani Cornish Usually Before multiple consonants Before vowels Czech Danish Before multiple consonants Usually Dutch Archaic spelling of English In a stressed open syllable; sometimes in an unstressed open syllable Before vowels Unstressed at the end after a consonant or "E" Unstressed; stressed before a consonant Faroese Before two consonants Usually Finnish German Alemannic Standard In some words Before two consonants Usually Guaraní Icelandic Khasi before vowels Lithuanian Malagasy Manx Norwegian Before multiple consonants Usually Polish Slovak Spanish As a standalone word, after vowels in diphthongs, in archaic spelling of proper names Before vowels, word-initially Before vowels Swedish Before multiple consonants Usually Turkish Turkmen Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Northern , , Southern , , , ===English=== As : * at the beginning of a word as in yes * at the beginning of a syllable before a vowel as in beyond, lawyer, canyon As : * under stress in an open syllable as in my, type, rye, lying, pyre, tyre, typhoon * in a stressed open syllable as in hyphen, cycle, cylon * in a pretonic open syllable as in hypothesis, psychology * word-finally after a consonant, as in ally, unify As : * without stress at the end of multi-syllable word, as in happy, baby, lucky, accuracy * used as a diphthong in combination with e at the end of some words, as in money, key, valley As non-syllabic : * in diphthongs at the end of words, as in play, grey, boy As : * in a closed syllable without stress and with stress as in myth, system, gymnastics * in a closed syllable under stress as in typical, lyric * in an open syllable without stress as in physique, oxygen Other: * combining with as under stress (like in bird), as in myrtle, myrrh * as (schwa) in words like martyr In English morphology, -y is an adjectival suffix. Y is the ninth least frequently used letter in the English language (after P, B, V, K, J, X, Q, and Z), with a frequency of about 2% in words. ===Other languages=== thumb|Pronunciation of written in European languages (Actual pronunciation may vary) represents the sounds or (sometimes long) in the Scandinavian languages. It can never be a consonant (except for loanwords). In Dutch and German, appears only in loanwords and proper names. In Dutch, it usually represents . It may sometimes be left out of the Dutch alphabet and replaced with the digraph. In addition, and are occasionally used instead of Dutch and , albeit very rarely. In German orthography, the pronunciation has taken hold since the 19th century in classical loanwords – for instance in words like typisch 'typical', Hyäne, Hysterie, mysteriös, Syndrom, System, Typ. It is also used for the sound in loanwords, such as Yacht (variation spelling: Jacht), Yak, Yeti; however, e.g. yo-yo is spelled "Jo-Jo" in German, and yoghurt/yogurt/yoghourt "Jog(h)urt" [mostly spelled with h]). The letter is also used in many geographical names, e.g. Bayern Bavaria, Ägypten Egypt, Libyen Libya, Paraguay, Syrien Syria, Uruguay, Zypern Cyprus (but: Jemen Yemen, Jugoslawien Yugoslavia). Especially in German names, the pronunciations or occur as well – for instance in the name Meyer, where it serves as a variant of , cf. Meier, another common spelling of the name. In German the y is preserved in the plural form of some loanwords such as Babys babies and Partys parties, celebrations. A that derives from the ligature occurs in the Afrikaans language, a descendant of Dutch, and in Alemannic German names. In Afrikaans, it denotes the diphthong . In Alemannic German names, it denotes long , for instance in Schnyder or Schwyz – the cognate non-Alemannic German names Schneider or Schweiz have the diphthong that developed from long . In Hungarian orthography, y is only used in the digraphs "gy," "ly," "ny," "ty," in some surnames (e. g. Bátory), and in foreign words. In Icelandic writing system, due to the loss of the Old Norse rounding of the vowel , the letters and are now pronounced identically to the letters and , namely as and respectively. The difference in spelling is thus purely etymological. In Faroese, too, the contrast has been lost, and is always pronounced , whereas the accented versions and designate the same diphthong (shortened to in some environments). In both languages, it can also form part of diphthongs such as (in both languages), pronounced , and , pronounced (Faroese only). In French orthography, is pronounced as when a vowel (as in the words cycle, y) and as as a consonant (as in yeux, voyez). It alternates orthographically with in the conjugations of some verbs, indicating a sound. In most cases when follows a vowel, it modifies the pronunciation of the vowel: , , . The letter has double function (modifying the vowel as well as being pronounced as or ) in the words payer, balayer, moyen, essuyer, pays, etc., but in some words it has only a single function: in bayer, mayonnaise, coyote; modifying the vowel at the end of proper names like Chardonnay and Fourcroy. In French can have a diaeresis (tréma) as in Moÿ-de-l'Aisne. In Spanish, was used as a word-initial form of that was more visible. (German has used in a similar way.) Hence, was a symbol sharing the initials of Isabella I of Castille () and Ferdinand II of Aragon. This spelling was reformed by the Royal Spanish Academy and currently is only found in proper names spelled archaically, such as Ybarra or CYII, the symbol of the . Appearing alone as a word, the letter is a grammatical conjunction with the meaning "and" in Spanish and is pronounced . As a consonant, represents in Spanish. The letter is called , literally meaning "Greek I", after the Greek letter ypsilon, or . In Portuguese, (called ípsilon in Brazil, and either ípsilon or i grego in Portugal) was, together with and , recently reintroduced as the 25th letter, and 19th consonant, of the Portuguese alphabet, in consequence of the Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990. It is mostly used in loanwords from English, Japanese and Spanish. Loanwords in general, primarily gallicisms in both varieties, are more common in Brazilian Portuguese than in European Portuguese. It was always common for Brazilians to stylize Tupi-influenced names of their children with the letter (which is present in most Romanizations of Old Tupi) e.g. Guaracy, Jandyra, Mayara – though placenames and loanwords derived from indigenous origins had the letter substituted for over time e.g. Nictheroy became Niterói. Usual pronunciations are , , and (the two latter ones are inexistent in European and Brazilian Portuguese varieties respectively, being both substituted by in other dialects). The letters and are regarded as phonemically not dissimilar, though the first corresponds to a vowel and the latter to a consonant, and both can correspond to a semivowel depending on its place in a word. Italian, too, has (ipsilon) in a small number of loanwords. The letter is also common in some surnames native to the German-speaking province of Bolzano, such as Mayer or Mayr. In Guaraní, it represents the vowel . In Polish, it represents the vowel (or, according to some descriptions, ), which is clearly different from , e.g. my (we) and mi (me). No native Polish word begins with ; very few foreign words keep at the beginning, e.g. yeti (pronounced ). In Czech and Slovak, the distinction between the vowels expressed by and , as well as by and has been lost (similarly to Icelandic and Faroese), but the consonants d, t, n (also l in Slovak) before orthographic (and historical) are not palatalized, whereas they are before . can never begin any word, while can never begin a native word. In Welsh, it is usually pronounced in non-final syllables and or (depending on the accent) in final syllables. In the Standard Written Form of the Cornish Language, it represents the and of Revived Middle Cornish and the and of Revived Late Cornish. It can also represent Tudor and Revived Late Cornish and and consequently be replaced in writing with . It is also used in forming a number of diphthongs. As a consonant it represents . In Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Karelian and Albanian, is always pronounced . In Estonian, is used in foreign proper names and is pronounced as in the source language. It is also unofficially used as a substitute for and is pronounced the same as in Finnish. In Lithuanian, is the 15th letter (following and preceding in the alphabet) and is a vowel. It is called the long i and is pronounced , like in English see. When used as a vowel in Vietnamese, the letter represents the sound ; when it is a monophthong, it is functionally equivalent to the Vietnamese letter . There have been efforts to replace all such uses with altogether, but they have been largely unsuccessful. As a consonant, it represents the palatal approximant. The capital letter is also used in Vietnamese as a given name. In Aymara, Indonesian/Malaysian, Turkish, Quechua and the romanization of Japanese, ⟨y⟩ is always a palatal consonant, denoting , as in English. In Malagasy, the letter represents the final variation of . In Turkmen, represents . In Washo, lower-case represents a typical wye sound, while upper-case represents a voiceless wye sound, a bit like the consonant in English hue. ===Other systems=== In the International Phonetic Alphabet, corresponds to the close front rounded vowel, and the related character corresponds to the near-close near-front rounded vowel. The SI prefix for 1024 is yotta, abbreviated by the letter Y. ==Related characters== ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== *Y with diacritics: Ý ý Ỳ ỳ Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ẏ ẏ Ỵ ỵ ẙ Ỷ ỷ Ȳ ȳ Ɏ ɏ Ƴ ƴ * and are used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) * IPA superscript letters: 𐞠 𐞲 𐞡 * 𝼆 : Small letter turned y with belt is an extension to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA) * is used in the Teuthonista phonetic transcription system *ʸ is used for phonetic transcription *Ỿ ỿ : Y with loop is used by some Welsh medievalists to indicate the schwa sound of ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== *𐤅: Semitic letter Waw, from which the following symbols originally derive **Υ υ : Greek letter Upsilon, from which Y derives *** : Coptic letter epsilon/he (not to be confused with the unrelated Greek letter Ε ε called epsilon) ***𐌖 : Old Italic U/V, which is the ancestor of modern Latin V and U *** : Gothic letter /, which is transliterated as w ***У у : Cyrillic letter U, which derives from Greek upsilon via the digraph omicron-upsilon used to represent the sound /u/ ***Ѵ ѵ : Cyrillic letter izhitsa, which derives from Greek upsilon and represents the sounds /i/ or /v/. This letter is archaic in the modern writing systems of the living Slavic languages, but it is still used in the writing system of the Slavic liturgical language Church Slavonic. ***Ү ү : Cyrillic letter Ue (or straight U) ***Ұ ұ : Kazakh Short U ===Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations=== * ¥ : Yen sign * ⓨ : In Japan, ⓨ is a symbol used for resale price maintenance. ==Computing codes== On the standard US/UK keyboard Y is the sixth letter of the top row; On the QWERTZ keyboard used in Central Europe it is replaced there by Z, and is itself positioned at the bottom left. ==Other representations== == Notes == ==References== ==External links== * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters Category:Vowel letters
+Y is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language suspense-thriller film written and directed by Sunil Ibrahim. The film was released on 17 November 2017. ==Plot== Arun and Teena, a young couple, were walking down the street, laughing and clicking pictures when some auto-rickshaw drivers mocked them. A few minutes later, a few thugs take illicit photographs of Teena, which angers Arun, and he incites a fight. At Teena's request, Arun stops fighting and walks back while the thugs warn Arun that they will kidnap Teena in front of him. At the same time, a speeding van kidnaps Teena, taking her to a flat nearby where many prominent personalities live. A distraught Arun is unable to find her. With the help of a few auto-rickshaw drivers, they find the flat but cannot go inside as the watchman does not allow them to enter, fearing that it will create chaos for the residents. They decide to call the police. Meanwhile, in the flat, Mohan and his family, consisting of a wife and their daughter, are planning to move to Bangalore. Salim runs an illicit business and is desperate to make a thirty-crore rupee transaction with the help of a Goonda leader. While the Goonda cannot go down as a few other men are waiting for him down the road, he chit-chats with a woman working for Salim. Down the road, a police Sub-inspector questions Arun and others who witnessed Teena's kidnapping. The thugs are waiting for the Goonda leader, and two journalists are secretly watching the drama of the crime and reporting it. Arun does not disclose to the police the nature of his and Teena's relationship. Salim calls the woman working for him and instructs her to release the Goonda leader as he is of no use anymore and to leave him to the thugs waiting for him down the road. In turn, Salim asks another guy, a friend of the Goonda to conduct the transaction on his behalf. He reluctantly accepts. Mohan and his family are packing bags and about to leave. While Arun is helplessly sitting, unable to do anything. The CCTV cameras are turned off on the instructions by Salim, which makes Teena unlocatable. Later, Arun reveals that Teena is an online friend of Jeevan, an old police commissioner who has come to investigate the case. On his order, the police search the flats but find nothing. After a few more hours, Mohan goes down the road and creates a scene that alarms the thugs, who promise him that they will find Teena, to locate the Goonda leader. Mohan, Arun, and the thugs forcefully enter the flat, pushing the watchman. The Sub-inspector witnesses the break-in but doesn't interfere, thinking it to be the only way to locate Teena. The leader of the thugs waiting down meets the woman with The Goonda leader and apologizes to her as they cannot track the leader, which reveals that the woman was the one who ordered The thugs to beat and Kill The Goonda leader. Arun finds Teena Unconscious in the basement. With the help of Mohan, Teena, and Arun, and gets into the car with SI and speeds toward Hospital. Then the story is revealed. Teena, Arun, and Mohan, with the help of the woman who is Arun's sister has made this kidnapping plan. It was done to extract money from Salim, who has harassed them all at some point in their life. They have robbed the money, which is ploy as to teach Salim a lesson. The woman has hidden Teena in a room, and when all the people enter the flat, Arun finds the guy who was assigned to carry out the transaction unconscious, and robbed the money. Mohan Kept the Money in the bag and took the car. The woman reveals the plan to the Goonda leader, who finds that the thugs waiting for him are part of the plan. They initially angered the SI but later learn that what they have done is right because they have just robbed the money, earned in illicit ways. The SI asks them to leave and happily calls his wife, walking down the road. ==Cast== * Alencier Ley Lopez as Sub-Inspector * Dheeraj Denny as Arun * Jins Baskar as Goonda leader in the flat * Yahiya as Mohan * Shini Ambalathodi as Mohan's wife * Sruthi Susan Sam as Teena * Reshma Shenoy as Arun's sister * Justin Varghese as one of the local thugs * Abhiram Suresh as Shaiju, an autorickshaw driver * Anoop Ramesh as Pop * Safeer Sait as the former Member of Parliament * Rajagopalan P as Salim * Khalfan as the Freak Boy * Anand Manmadhan as Subhair * Diljit Gore as Lawrence, the Facility Manager * Abhiram Suresh Unnithan as Shaiju * Gibin G Nair as Manu * Rahul Nair as Benoy * Asna as Mohan's daughter * Santhosh Varghese as the Special Investigation Officer * Don Mathew as male reporter * Lydia Sebastian as female Reporter * Ebrahim Maheen as the Security Guard == Production == The film is produced by Vibezon Movies and is scheduled for release in 17 November 2017. Shooting was in 2016 March at a single location, Keston road, Thiruvananthapuram. It was 25 days night schedule as story takes place during night time. ==Music== The songs composed by Pramod Bhaskar and background score of the film composed by Mejo Joseph respectively while the lyrics are penned by M R Vibin and promo song written by Lawrence Fernandez. The songs featured in the film are sung by Deepak, Prashanth Prabhakar, Sangeetha Anand and Varsha S Nair. The soundtrack was officially released on 13 August 2018. The music of the Promo song is given by Assan Nidheesh SD and sung by Sithara Krishnakumar and Abhilash Kallayam. ===Tracks=== * Ee Theruvil : Prasanth Prabhakar, Sangeetha Ananth * Hey Thandanane : Sithara Krishnakumar, Abhilash Kallayam == Release == The film is released on 17 November 2017 in 34 theaters across Kerala. == Reviews == The Times of India reviewed the film with 3.5/5, as a "convincing thriller with a line-up of mostly fresh faces." The Deccan Chronicle rated it 3.5/5 noting the film was "A freshly brewed formula". == References == Category:2017 films Category:2010s Malayalam-language films Category:Films directed by Sunil Ibrahim
+Y is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language thriller film directed by Ajit Suryakant Wadikar and written by Swapneel Sojwal and Ajit Wadikar. The film starring Mukta Barve, Nandu Madhav, Prajakta Mali, Omkar Govardhan, Sandeep Pathak, Rohit Kokate, Suhas Sirsath. Y was screened at MAMI Festival in 2019. It was theatrically released on 24 June 2022. == Synopsis == Story of the film Dr. Aarti Deshmukh revolves around a medical officer. Aarti, a mother of a daughter, is tasked with investigating the medical systems involved in female foeticide. In front of the conscientious Aarti who does his job well, Dr. Purushottam stands as a challenge. Despite many attempts, Aarti does not find any evidence against Purushottam. Purushottam eventually uses his powers to transfer Aarti, but in the days remaining before the transfer, Aarti takes up the task of gathering evidence. == Cast == * Mukta Barve * Prajakta Mali * Omkar Govardhan * Sandeep Pathak * Nandu Madhav * Rohit Kokate * Rasika Chavan * Pradeep Bhosale * Suhas Sirsat * Nitin Bansode == Reception == === Critical reception === Y film received positive reviews from critics. Kalpeshraj Kubal of The Times of India gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote " Y, which derives its name from the Y is a film that conveys an important message and should be watched for that". Keyur Seta of Cinestaan.com also gave it 3 stars out of 5 and similarly found that "But what really stops this good film from being superlative is the abrupt climax. In fact, when the end credits start rolling, it becomes difficult to believe that the film has ended". A reviewer from Maharashtra Times gave the film a rating of 3/5 and wrote "This movie will surely enlighten you. The movie is also satisfactory in technical terms. The background score is especially good". Vishal Ghatge of ABP Majha also gave it 3 stars out of 5 and wrote "It would have worked even if it had not been told from the very first frame that this movie is a commentary on a serious topic. Without simplifying everything, some things should have been left for the audience to understand". == References == == External links == * Category:2020s Marathi-language films
+Y is the second EP by South Korean boy band MBLAQ, and was released through J.Tune Entertainment South Korea on May 17, 2010. The only single "Y" was released to Korean music portals on the same date as the EP release. The album is labeled as a "single-album" (single or maxi single) in Korea, however, the album falls into the category of an EP (extended play or mini album), and technically does not qualify as a single. ==Track listing== ==Music videos and singles== * "Y" was the only single to be released from the boys follow up EP. The teaser was officially released on 13 May 2010 in South Korea. The full music video was released at midnight on 19 May 2010. The boys received some back lash after Joon's character held a gun to his girlfriend and shot her in the music video. The boy's label responded with an apology, and a statement stating they would remove the scene. * "One Better Day" was also performed during promotions for "Y". The boys officially started promoting "One Better Day" on 20 May 2010, back to back with "Y". The song was never released as a single, nor was a music video produced. ==References== ==External links== * MBLAQ's Official Site Category:2010 EPs Category:MBLAQ EPs Category:Korean- language EPs
+Y is the debut studio album of English post-punk band The Pop Group. The album was produced by dub musician Dennis "Blackbeard" Bovell at Ridge Farm Studios in Surrey, and was released on 20 April 1979 through Radar Records. It was reissued in 1996 by Radar, 2007 by Rhino/Radar (each with 1-2 bonus tracks from the "She Is Beyond Good and Evil" single), and in 2019 by Mute Records, including deluxe LP/12" and CD editions with bonus outtakes and live albums, to mark its 40th anniversary. Y initially received mixed critical reviews but has since received acclaim. Pitchfork ranked it at number 35 on its list of The Top 100 Albums of the 1970s. The Wire included it in its list of "The 100 Most Important Records Ever Made". ==Background and recording == Inspired by the energy of punk rock but disillusioned by its musical traditionalism, The Pop Group initially set out as funk band, drawing influence from black dance music and radical political traditions. Soon after forming, they began to gain notoriety for their live performances, landing them a contract with Radar Records and a cover of the NME. They issued their debut single, "She Is Beyond Good and Evil" in early 1979. To record their debut, the group teamed with British dub reggae producer Dennis Bovell. Critic Simon Reynolds wrote that "Bovell's mix of acid-rock wildness and dub wisdom made him [...] the ideal candidate for the not hugely enviable task of giving The Pop Group's unruly sound some semblance of cohesion," noting that he grounded the band's sound in its rhythm section while utilizing a variety of production effects. Writing for Fact, Mark Fisher characterized the album's sound as a "delirial montage of funk, free jazz, Jamaican audio-mancy and the avant-garde," describing it as "both carvernous and propulsive, ultra-abstract yet driven by dance music’s physical imperatives." He noted the "sonic alchemy" of Bovell's production work. PopMatters wrote that the group "sharpened the straightforward guitar lines of punk, the bounding throb of funk rhythms, and the sonic manipulation of dub and let them penetrate each other in ridiculously slapdash fashion." == Critical reception == Upon its release, Y received mixed reviews. In 1979, the NME described it as "a brave failure. Exciting but exasperating." In recent years, the album has risen in critical estimations. Simon Reynolds called it "a heroic mess, glorious in its overreach." In 2008, Mark Fisher wrote "Joy Division’s Closer is often considered the crown jewel of post-punk, but Y – inchoate with potential, the fire to Joy Division’s ice – has an equal claim." Stylus Magazine called the album "a landmark of lunatic post-punk," writing that "these are political punk tunes deconstructed so that only the skeleton remains, and weaving between those bare bones are some of the nastiest sounds ever made." In 2004, Pitchfork ranked Y at number 35 on its list of the greatest albums of the 1970s, saying that "unlike most of the late-70s' no- wave types (and perennial imitators), The Pop Group were less concerned with eschewing convention than with vehemently eviscerating it." PopMatters named it the 11th best post-punk album ever in 2017. The album has had a lasting impact, with artists such as the Minutemen, Primal Scream, Sonic Youth and Nick Cave citing the album as an influence on their work. Minutemen bassist Mike Watt commented that "The Pop Group said 'let’s take Funkadelic and put it with Beefheart. Why not?'" === Accolades === Publication Country Accolade Year Rank Rockerilla Italy Albums of the Year 1979 14 The Wire United Kingdom The 100 Most Important Records Ever Made 1992 * Spex Germany The 100 Albums of the Century 1999 51 Il Mucchio Selvaggio Italy 100 Best Albums by Decade (1971-1980) 2002 41 Rock de Lux Spain The 200 Best Albums of All Time 2002 145 Paul Morley United Kingdom Words and Music, 5 x 100 Greatest Albums of All Time 2003 * Pitchfork United States Top 100 Albums of the 1970s 2004 35 PopMatters United States The 50 Best Post-Punk Albums Ever 2017 11 Stylus United States Top 101-200 Albums of All Time 2004 168 Blow Up Italy 600 Essential Albums 2005 * Uncut United Kingdom The 100 Greatest Debut Albums 2006 82 The Guardian United Kingdom 1000 Albums to Hear Before You Die 2007 * (*) designates unordered lists. == Track listing == Original album 2007 Rhino/Radar Reissue CD 1 and 11 are the A and B sides of the "She is Beyond Good and Evil" single. The 1996 reissue CD and LP on Radar consists of tracks 1-10 above. 2019 Mute 40th Anniversary Reissues The original album appears in all versions in its original track order, half-speed remastered at Abbey Road Studios. The CD includes "She is Beyond Good and Evil" and "3'38" as tracks 10 and 11, while the LP and the deluxe and regular vinyl box sets include them as an extra 45 RPM 12" single, which was also half-speed remastered. A limited edition cassette (its first legitimate release on that format) contains the album only, but the enclosed download code includes the single tracks. Also included in the deluxe vinyl and CD sets (and reissued as stand alone vinyl LPs in 2020) were two extra related albums, with studio outtakes and live performances of the album's songs. All the vinyl versions except the 2020 extras reissues include download cards for high-definition digital files of their respective audio contents. Alien Blood Y Live! == Personnel == Adapted from the Y liner notes. ;The Pop Group * Gareth Sager – guitar, saxophone, piano * Bruce Smith – drums, percussion * Mark Stewart – vocals * Simon Underwood – bass guitar * John Waddington – guitar ;Additional musicians * Disc O'Dell – musical direction ;Technical personnel * Dennis Bovell – production * Mike Dunne – engineering * Brian Gaylor – assistant engineering * Eddy Gorecki – mastering * The Pop Group – production ==Release history== Region Date Label Format Catalog United Kingdom 1979 Radar LP RAD 20 Japan Warner-Pioneer Corporation P-10705F United Kingdom 1996 Radar CD SCANCD14 Japan WPCR-722 United Kingdom 2007 Rhino, Radar 5101-19920-2 Japan 2013 Warner Music Group WPCR-15282 == References == == External links == * Category:1979 debut albums Category:The Pop Group albums Category:Radar Records albums
+thumb|upright=1.3|A commercially-sold Y board, featuring three pentagonal points in the hex grid, forming a quarter of a geodesic sphere Y is an abstract strategy board game, first described by John Milnor in the early 1950s.John F. Nash. Some games and machines for playing them. RAND Corporation Report D-1164, February 2, 1952. https://www.rand.org/pubs/documents/D1164.htmlMartin Gardner. 2008. Hexaflexagons, Probability Paradoxes, and the Tower of Hanoi. Cambridge University Press. Page 87.Donald Knuth. 2011. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4A. Addison-Wesley. Page 547. The game was independently invented in 1953 by Craige Schensted and Charles Titus. It is a member of the connection game family inhabited by Hex, Havannah, TwixT, and others; it is also an early member in a long line of games Schensted has developed, each game more complex but also more generalized. ==Gameplay== Y is typically played on a triangular board with hexagonal spaces; the "official" Y board has three points with five-connectivity instead of six-connectivity, but it is just as playable on a regular triangle. Schensted and Titus' book Mudcrack Y & Poly-Y has a large number of boards for play of Y, all hand-drawn; most of them seem irregular but turn out to be topologically identical to a regular Y board. thumb|200px|right|A simple board, 8 spaces per side As in most games of this type, one player takes the part of Black and one takes the part of White; they place stones on the board one at a time, neither removing nor moving any previously placed stones. The pie rule can be used to mitigate any first-move advantage. ==Rules== The rules are as follows: * Players take turns placing one stone of their color on the board. * Once a player connects all three sides of the board, the game ends and that player wins. The corners count as belonging to both sides of the board to which they are adjacent. As in most connection games, the size of the board changes the nature of the game; small boards tend towards pure tactical play, whereas larger boards tend to make the game more strategic. ==Relation to other connection games== thumb|200px|left|Schensted and Titus argue that Y is a superior game to Hex because Hex can be seen as a subset of Y. Schensted and Titus argue that Y is a superior game to Hex because Hex can be seen as a subset of Y. Consider a board subdivided by a line of white and black pieces into three sections. The portion of the board at the bottom-right can then be considered a 5×5 Hex board, and played identically. However, this sort of artificial construction on a Y board is extremely uncommon, and the games have different enough tactics (outside of constructed situations) to be considered separate, though related. Mudcrack Y & Poly-Y also describes Poly-Y, the next game in the series of Y-related games; after that come Star and *Star. ==Criticism== Y, like Hex, yields a strong first-player advantage. The standard approach to solving this difficulty is the "pie" rule: one player chooses where the first move will go and the other player then chooses who will be the first player. Y's chief criticism is that on the standard hexagonal board a player controlling center can easily reach any edge no matter what the other player does. This is because the distance from the center to an edge is only approximately 1/3 the distance along the edge from corner to corner. As a result, defending an edge against a center attack is very difficult. Schensted and Titus attacked this problem with successive versions of the game board, culminating in the present "official" board with three pentagons inserted among the hexagons. They noted that were players to play on a hemisphere rather than a plane with hexagons, with the equator divided into three "sides" (each 1/3 the circumference of the hemisphere), the distance from the "north pole" of the hemisphere to the equator was 1/4 the circumference, and thus the distance ratio improved from 1/3 to 3/4. This made defending a side from a center attack much more plausible. Thus the present "official" board is essentially a geodesic dome hemisphere squashed flat into a triangle to provide this effect.Craige Schensted. "A Bit of History". In The Game of Y (Game Manual). Kadon Enterprises Inc. ==No draws== It has been formally shown that Y cannot end in a draw.Y Can't End in a Draw That is, once the board is complete there must be one and only one winner. ==The first player wins== In Y the strategy-stealing argument can be applied. It proves that the second player has no winning strategy. The argument is that if the second player had a winning strategy, then the first player could choose a random first move and then pretend that she is the second player and apply the strategy. An important point is that an extra stone on the board is never a disadvantage in Y. Y is a complete and perfect information game in which no draw can be conceived, so there is a winning strategy for one player. The second player has no winning strategy so the first player has one. It is nevertheless possible for the first player to lose by making a sufficiently bad move, since although that stone has value, it may have significantly less value than the second move—an important consideration for understanding the nature of the pie rule. If the "pie rule" is in force, however, the second player wins, because the second player can in principle evaluate whether or not the first move is a winning move and choose to invoke the pie rule if it is (thereby effectively becoming the first player). In practice, assuming the pie rule is in force and the official Schensted/Titus board is being used, Y is a very well balanced game giving essentially equal chances for any two players of equal strength. The balance is achieved because the first player will intentionally make a move that is sufficiently "bad" that it is not clear to the second player whether it is a winning move or a losing move. It is up to the judgement of the second player to make this difficult determination and invoke the pie rule accordingly. ==See also== *Hex *Connection games ==References== Bibliography * Browne, Cameron. Hex Strategy: Making the Right Connections. * Schensted, Craige and Titus, Charles. Mudcrack Y & Poly-Y. ==External links== * Y on HexWiki * Category:Board games introduced in 1953 Category:Abstract strategy games Category:Connection games
+thumb|First edition Y is the debut novel of American-Canadian writer Marjorie Celona. It was published in 2012 by Hamish Hamilton. ==Plot== Shortly after being born on Vancouver Island, Shannon is abandoned in front of a YMCA and discovered by Vaughn, an exercise fiend who has arrived at the YMCA before it's opened. Shannon is moved to a few foster homes before finally being adopted by a single mother named Miranda in order to be a sister to her only daughter, Lydia-Rose. Though Miranda tries to be a good parent to Shannon, Shannon feels like an outsider in her relationship with Miranda and Lydia- Rose. As she grows older amblyopia in one of her eyes causes her to go blind in one eye and her strange looks mean she is occasionally bullied. After she runs away to Vancouver and is brought back by the police, Shannon begins to search for her birth parents, encountering Vaughn along the way. With help from a social worker Shannon is able to contact a man she believes is her biological father, Harrison Church. After contacting him by letter, Shannon learns that she was born the day after her half-brother, Eugene, died after ingesting a mixture of cough-syrup and cocaine while Harrison and her mother, Yula, were off getting high in the woods. Yula abandoned her in front of the YMCA knowing that she would have to give up custody of her child anyway after her son's death and not wanting her daughter to know about the things her parents had done. ==Awards== Y won the Waterstones 11 literary prize and was a shortlisted nominee for the Center for Fiction's Flaherty-Dunnan First Novel Prize, the Amazon.ca First Novel Award"Kim Thuy, Marjorie Celona among finalists for Amazon.ca First Novel Award". National Post, February 27, 2013. and a longlisted nominee for the Scotiabank Giller Prize."Victoria author makes Giller Prize long list". Victoria Times-Colonist, September 4, 2012. ==References== Category:2012 Canadian novels Category:Novels set in British Columbia Category:2012 debut novels Category:Hamish Hamilton books
+"Y Ahora Te Vas" () is a song written and produced by Mexican singer and songwriter, Marco Antonio Solís. It was performed by him as the lead singer of Los Bukis. It was released as the second single from his 11th Grammy nominated studio album Si Me Recuerdas (1988). This song became their first #1 single on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart. "Y Ahora Te Vas" has also been included on several compilation albums released by Los Bukis including their two #1 albums 30 Inolvidables (2002) and Crónica de Dos Grandes (2004). This song also has been covered by a handful of performers including Conjunto Atardecer, Victor García, Grupo Santa Clara, Inicial de Durango, Los Komplices, Mar Azul, Tito Nieves, Banda R-15, Notable, La Nueva Luna, Estela Núñez, Orquesta Noche Sabrosa, Otro Sentido, Lefty Pérez, Raulin Rodríguez, Raulin Rosendo and Los 6 de Durango. "Y Ahora Te Vas" debuted on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart at #45 on February 20,1988 and climbed to the Top 10 five weeks later. It reached the top position of the chart on April 23,1988, replacing "Debo Hacerlo" by Mexican singer-songwriter, Juan Gabriel, and being replaced one week later by Ana Gabriel's "Ay Amor". "Y Ahora Te Vas" ranked at #12 on the Hot Latin Tracks Year-End Chart of 1988 and became the third Top 10 single for the group on the chart after "Éste Adiós" (1986) and "Tú Carcel" (1987). Los Bukis won the Lo Nuestro Award in 1989 for Best Regional Mexican Song for this single, Best Regional Mexican Album (Si Me Recuerdas) and Best Regional Mexican Group. In 2013, Colombian singer, Jorge Celedón, and Solís recorded a new version of the song in vallenato for the former's album Celedon Sin Fronteras. This new version peaked at #6 on the Colombian National-Report charts. ==References== Category:1988 singles Category:1988 songs Category:2013 singles Category:Songs written by Marco Antonio Solís Category:Los Bukis songs Category:Spanish-language songs Category:Fonovisa Records singles Category:1980s ballads Category:Latin ballads Category:Pop ballads
+Y B Normal? was a Canadian sketch comedy TV show."WIC has Atlantis’ NightMan/Kids these days…" by Meg Mathur at playbackonline.ca It originally aired on The Comedy Network between 1998 and 1999."Tarzan, Lord of Hollywood North/Five easy Faces" at playbackonline.ca"Hank & Mike: The final frontier" by Bruce DeMara at www.thestar.com Its sketches are all set in Aylmer, Quebec. ==Cast== *P-H Dallaire as various characters *Matthiew Klinck as various characters *Ron Langton as various characters *Paolo Mancini as Mike the easter bunny (season 2, one episode in season 1) and various other characters *Thomas Michael as Hank the easter bunny (season 2, one episode in season 1) and various other characters ===Guest cast=== *Adam F. da Silva *Steve Baskin *Leah Chisholm *Louis Durand == Season 1 == == Season 2 == ==Episodes== ==Airings== ==DVD release summary== Title Ep # Region 1 Season One 6 TBA Season Two 13 TBA ==Behind the scenes== ==References== ==External links== * *The Comedy Network Category:1990s Canadian sketch comedy television series Category:1998 Canadian television series debuts Category:1999 Canadian television series endings Category:CTV Comedy Channel original programming
+Phạm Thị Xuân Ban (born 1 July 1961, writing as Y Ban) is a Vietnamese writer of short stories, poet and journalist. She published her poetry on her Facebook timeline. Her books I am Woman, 2006 (I am Đàn bà), Hey, have you really seen anything?, 2011 (Này hỏi thật đã thấy gì chưa đấy?) were put on censorship ban in Vietnam. ==Early life and education== Ban was born 1 July 1961 in Nam Định, Vietnam. She graduated from the Vietnam National University, Hanoi in 1982, and in 1992 graduated from the Nguyễn Du School of Creative Writing. ==Writing career== Ban works as a reporter for Giao Duc va Thoi Dai (Education in our era). Her first short story was published in the Armed Forces Literary Review in 1983. She has published five collections of short stories, the first of which Người đàn bà có ma lực : truyện ngá̆n (The Female Exorcist) won second prize in a national writing competition in 1993. She has also had 70 stories published in anthologies. She started to write in 1989 with two awards for her work "The Letter to Mother Au Co" ("Bức thư gửi Mẹ Âu Cơ") and "The Woman with Magic" ("Người đàn bà có ma lực") about Military Arts. She also worked at Department of Education and is a member of Writers Association. ==Censorship== Two of her books, I am Woman, 2006 (I am Đàn bà), Hey, have you really seen anything?, 2011 (Này hỏi thật đã thấy gì chưa đấy?), after publishing were put on censorship ban in Vietnam. Afterwards, Y Ban wrote a letter in 2013 denying the merit of the Vietnam Writers Association for the novel Game of destroying emotions (Trò chơi hủy diệt cảm xúc) and resigned from office of a Spokeswoman of Council of Vietnam Writers Association. ==Poetry== Y Ban says in her poetry, that she posted only on her Facebook page, about all the world, everyday matters, corruption, ecological crimes like Formosa plant's pollution of waters in Vietnam, or poverty, like in poem "Ritual before meals". After winning International Poetry slam reading in Hanoi, that was organized by French Embassy, she traveled in May 2017 in France to voice her woman's say, that sometimes restricted in Vietnam by a taboo. ==Selected publications== * * ==References== Category:1961 births Category:Living people Category:21st-century Vietnamese women writers Category:Vietnamese women short story writers
+Y Bandana are a Welsh language alternative rock band that formed in Caernarfon in 2008. The band is composed of brothers Tomos Owens (keyboard) and Siôn Owens (bass guitar), their cousin Gwilym Bowen Rhys (lead vocals, guitar) and Robin Jones (percussion). They are known for combining humorous lyrics with catchy melodies. The band have achieved great success in the Welsh language rock scene and have been the recipients of numerous awards, including awards from the Welsh-language magazine "Y Selar" for best song three years running ("Cân y Tân" 2010, "Wyt ti'n nabod Mr Pei?" 2011, "Heno yn yr Anglesey" 2012) and best band three times in 2010, 2011 and 2012 as well as the award for best single 2012. They featured frequently at the Maes B festival during the annual National Eisteddfod, with their ninth consecutive - and final - appearance in August 2016 at Abergavenny. Shortly before the Eisteddfod, the band announced they will disband at the end of the year, with their last gig performed in their hometown in October 2016. The band was awarded in four categories in 'Gwobrau'r Selar 2016': Best Band; Best Song - Cyn i'r lle ma gau; Best Album - Fel Tôn Gron; Best Artwork - Fel Tôn Gron. Gwilym Bowen Rhys is also a member of the folk band Plu with his sisters Elan and Marged, and his first solo album came out in August 2016. Siôn Owens is also a member of the band uumar. ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== *Y Bandana (2011) *Bywyd Gwyn (2013) *Fel Tôn Gron (2016) ===Singles=== *"Dal dy Drwyn" / "Cân y Tân" (2010) *"Heno yn yr Anglesey" / "Geiban" (2012) *"Mari Sâl" (2014) ==References== ==External links== * Category:Welsh-language bands Category:Welsh alternative rock groups Category:Welsh rock music groups Category:Musical groups established in 2008
+Y Bandana is the self-titled debut studio album of the Welsh language alternative rock band Y Bandana, released in the United Kingdom on 31 January 2011. ==Track listing== ==Dal dy Drwyn/Cân y Tân== "Dal dy Drwyn" and "Cân y Tân" were released on 2 August 2010 as a double A-side single before being included on the album Y Bandana. The songs have received generally favourable reviews from critics.http://themmp.tv/reviews/2011/02/y-bandana-y-bandana/ The song "Dal dy Drwyn" has been noted for its humorous lyrics and catchy melody as it "bemoans the smell of another with Arctic Monkeys precision", and the nature of the song is evident in its title, which translates into English as "hold your nose". The band achieved an award for the best single in Welsh language magazine Y Selar in 2010, while the song "Cân y Tân" won the award for best song in the same year. ===Track listing=== ==References== Category:2011 albums Category:Welsh-language albums
+thumb|Title page of the 1588 Welsh Bible , by William Morgan, was the first complete translated version of the Bible to appear in Welsh in 1588. == Background == It took some years for the translation to be completed in printed form between the Act of Parliament of 1563 and its publication in 1588. Morgan was a Cambridge graduate and later became bishop of Llandaff and St Asaph. He based his translation on the Hebrew and Greek original Bibles, consulting also the English Bishops' and Geneva versions. included original translations as well as adaptations of Salesbury's New Testament. In addition to allowing the Welsh poplatulation to read the Bible in their own language, the translation established the literary form of the Welsh language and was highly influential on the development of Welsh literature. == 1630 version == The 1630 edition of was largely identical to previous printed editions, apart from its size. The 1630 version is known as the first family or everyday Bible in the Welsh language. Bishop Richard Parry of St Asaph was initially considered its main contributor, modifying William Morgan's 1588 translation of the Bible; he himself did not recognize any other contributing partners. However, evidence shows that his brother-in-law, scholar Dr John Davies, reformed and standardized most of Morgan's 1588 translation. == See also == * Bible translations into Welsh == References == == External links == * A digital facsimile of a 1588 copy Category:Welsh literature
+Y Bergam was a fourteenth-century poet and prophet from Maelor, an area that was once part of north east Wales and now is in Wrexham County Borough, England. His prophesies are known to have inspired a number of vaticinatory poems (Cywyddau Brud), such as those found in Early Vaticination in Welsh (1937). == References == == Further reading == * Category:14th-century Welsh poets Category:Welsh male poets Category:Year of birth unknown Category:Year of death unknown
+Y Bham Enuol (Y Bhăm Êñuôl; Y Bham for short; 1913-20 April 1975) was a Rhade civil servant and a prominent figure during the Vietnam War. Y Bham Enuol was born in Buôn Ma Thuột, Đắk Lắk Province in 1913. On May 1, 1958, he established BAJARAKA, an organization seeking autonomy for minorities in the Central Highlands. BAJARAKA was the predecessor of the United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (FULRO), which played an important role during the Vietnam War. Y Bham was selected president of FULRO. On 20 September 1964, Y Bham was arrested and deported to Cambodia. Later, he lived in Phnom Penh. When the Communist Party of Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge) seized Phnom Penh on 17 April 1975, Y Bham and other FULRO leaders living in Phnom Penh sought refuge in the French Embassy. On 20 April they were all taken out and executed. However, members of FULRO did not know of his death until, after seventeen years American journalist Nate Thayer informed the group that Y Bham had been executed.Nate Thayer, "Forgotten Army: The Rebels Time Forgot," Far Eastern Economic Review, Sept 10, 1992, pp. 16–22. ==References== Category:1913 births Category:1975 deaths Category:People from Đắk Lắk Province Category:Rade people Category:People of the Vietnam War Category:People executed by the Khmer Rouge
+Y Blew (The Hairs) was a Welsh rock band founded in 1967. Although short lived, having pressed and released just one single, the band are recognized as the first rock band to sing in Welsh. Formed in 1967 by five students from the University of Aberystwyth: Maldwyn Pate (vocals), Richard Lloyd (lead guitar), Dafydd Evans (bass guitar), Dave Williams (keyboards) and Geraint Evans (drums). The band took their name ("The Hairs" in English) from the long- haired fashion that was popular at the time. The band raised £2,000 to support their recording and touring, and played their first gig in the Memorial Hall at Talybont at Easter 1967. The band took their music on the road that year with three tours, including playing at the National Eisteddfod in Bala. In summer 1967 they released their one and only single, Maes B. The band ensured their gigs were well publicised, and as well as distinctive posters and flyers they used billboards to advertise themselves. Despite disbanding in the autumn of that year, their place in Welsh music history was secured and artefacts by the band are now in the possession of the National Library of Wales and Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales. ==Formation== In the 1960s music in the Welsh language was still largely influenced by male voice choirs, chapel and traditional Noson Lawen singing. The pop music that did exist in Welsh was generally light acoustic folk music having little in common with the current fashions in Anglo-American pop and rock releases. As social attitudes changed during the 1950s and 1960s the outlook of many younger Welsh speakers also started to change. Following the outcry over the destruction of Welsh speaking villages to build projects such as dam supplying water for cities in England there was an upsurge of support for Welsh issues and the language. Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (Welsh Language Society) a protest movement campaigning for legal recognition of Welsh was established. It was also widely realised that the Welsh language culture needed to renew itself in order to make it relevant to younger generations. > Mae eisiau i bobol sgrechian mewn Cymraeg sâl > We need to get people to scream in bad Welsh – Y Blew "Y Blew's aim was to reach the Welsh speakers and non Welsh speakers who weren't into politics and start a Welsh language scene", according to Dafydd Evans, one of the founders, in an interview in 1986. Maldwyn Pate had tried to start a Welsh language band 'Y Pedwar Cainc' in 1966 with fellow Aberystwyth students but their only performance in Aberafan had not gone down well with an audience surprised to hear amplified instruments. The following year, 1967, Y Blew were formed. Following a successful performance to Aberystwyth students they were invited to play in Talybont by Robat Gruffudd, founder of Y Lolfa publishing house. This too was a success and the band decided to spend the summer on tour. ==Tours== thumb|350px|left|Poster for Y Blew, at Talybont Memorial Hall, Friday, 7 July 1967. Five shillings entry price The band self- promoted three highly successful tours of south Wales, attempting to ensure the most professional organization they could. The first in June, the second in July and the third August–September. At the time it was not possible to hire PA systems or vans – the group having to obtain substantial loans to buy equipment and their own van. The band also paid 'bouncers' rather than the usual practice in Welsh language events of relying on friends or volunteers. Large advertising hoardings were booked and thousands of flyers with the slogan "Mae'r Blew yn dod" (Y Blew are coming) were distributed. The gigs where well attended, often all the young people of a small town or village coming to see the new phenomenon of a band singing in Welsh. Following one gig the band found that messages in lipstick had been written all over their van by enthusiastic female fans. Not having time to compose 25 or so new songs for the tours, the band translated current popular hits: > We did covers from Sergeant Pepper translated into Welsh, we even did 'San > Francisco' by Scott McKenzie in Welsh, and some by Cream, that sort of thing > and some of our own, particularly stuff that gave the guitarist Richard > Lloyd a chance. He was a quite a good player, the style at the time was to > stand right up to the amp to get feedback – Dafydd Evans ==Bala Eisteddfod, 1967== The band's only performance north of Corris was at the 1967 Eisteddfod festival in Bala. The festival site was divided into Maes A (A field), Maes B (B field), Maes C etc. with the young people camping on 'Maes B' where the band set up a performance, bringing the spirit of psychedelia to an otherwise traditional festival. ==Band split== The band performed up until Christmas 1967 before splitting up at the end of the year, the various members going their own ways. Singer Maldwyn Pate going to New York to be a choreographer, guitarist Rick Lloyd eventually became a member of the a cappella group The Flying Pickets who had a Christmas number one hit in 1983 in the UK Singles Chart with their cover of Yazoo's track 'Only You'. Following the end of the Y Blew, it took almost five years for the next Welsh language rock groups to be formed – with Brân and Edward H Dafis in 1972-3. > I think it took time for the penny to drop. The ethos of Welsh speakers was > based on 'Peralau Tâf', 'Y Peldyrau' (acoustic folk bands) ... that's the > sort of thing that went at that time. – Dafydd Evans interviewed in 1986. =="Maes B" single== thumb|175px|left Y Blew were invited to record a single with Cambrian Records whose usual output was male voice choirs, acoustic folk and traditional music. However, the band were of the opinion that the Cambrian's one-track recording studio would not be suitable. Instead they accepted an offer from Pontardawe based Qualiton as they were able to offer the use of the BBC studio in Swansea. The song on A side of the single "Maes B" takes its name from the field at the Eisteddfod where the band had played. The lyrics, however, make no direct mention of the event. The lyrics reflect the psychedelic influence of pop songs of the era with lines such as: pam 'na nei di ddod 'da fi i weld y tylwyth teg a chael clywed cloc y dref yn taro tair ar ddeg (why not come with me to see the fairies and hear the town clock strike thirteen) The song "Maes B" was written the evening prior to the recording by Dave Williams (keyboards) with suggestions from Maldwyn Pate (vocals). Dave Williams's main interest at the time being Tamla Motown is clearly heard in the drum intro. "Maes B" and the song on the other side of the record were both recorded in a matter of hours – the band desperate to get to Aberystwyth for two concerts that same evening. The drummer had not heard the song before going into the studio. On the record Maldwyn Pate can be heard to sing 'Snos' rather than 'Nos' (night) but there was no time to re-record a corrected version. The group where hoping for a heavier, more contemporary sound, similar to Cream or "Hey Joe" by Jimi Hendrix a huge hit at the time. Unfortunately for the band limited technology and number of tracks at the BBC Swansea studio curtailed these ambitions. It is believed that approximately 2,000 singles were pressed. The song received little radio air play, the Welsh language seldom heard on the radio at that time with broadcasting services being almost completely based in London. The single was however played on a panel programme reviewing latest releases on newly launched BBC Radio 1 (Radio 1 started on air in October 1967 a month before 'Maes B' was released). Not surprisingly given the then low status of the Welsh language, the panel were of the opinion that the record was just a strange gimmick. According to Dafydd Evans They sold quite well in south Wales, but we didn't perform in the north so the sales there were less. ===Side 2 – "Beth Sy'n Dod Rhyngom Ni"=== The flip side of the record is "Beth Sy'n Dod Rhyngom Ni (what comes between us)", the Blew's version of Curtis Mayfield's "You Must Believe Me". Y Blew had heard the song on The Spencer Davis Group's The Second Album. Mayfield had originally recorded the song with his trio The Impressions, reaching No. 15 in the U.S. Billboard charts in 1964. The song also appeared on the Impression L.P. People Get Ready. The Trwynau Coch (Red Noses) recorded a cover version of "Beth Sy'n Dod Rhyngom Ni" on their 1980 L.P. Rhedeg Rhag y Torpidos (Run from the Torpedoes) (1980, SAIN-1186M). ==Tributes and references to "Maes B"== Y Blew received little attention in the years following 1967, the Welsh language music scene largely growing form bands such as Brân and Edward H Davis formed some five years later. In 1986, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg published a fanzine 'Hanes y Blew' (history of Y Blew) including a transcription of an in-depth interview recorded with Dafydd Evans. The fanzine also included archive press cuttings and photos. It was not until 1987 that a TV documentary about the band appeared on S4C. The programme included clips of Y Blew's original TV performances and interviews with the members and fans. At the end of the programme the original line up re-record "Maes B" in a modern studio. Also in 1987 the annual National Eisteddfod festival returned to Bala with a number of radio and magazine articles referring to "Maes B" and Y Blew. It was decided to name the Eisteddfod's rock music stage and campsite 'Maes-B' in honour of the band. Named after Maes B * Maes B – The annual National Eisteddfod's rock music stage and nearby campsite is now named Maes-B in honour of the band. * Maes E – Song by Datblygu released in 1997. The 'E' in question is ecstasy that had been in at the height of its popularity in the 1990s. * Maes D – The Eisteddfod's pavilion for learners of the language has been named Maes D (the 'D' from Dysgwyr – Learners). * MaesE.com – a popular Welsh language on line web forum founded in 2002 by Nic Davis. * Maes T – An on line database of Welsh language technology terminology ==External links== thumb|right * Maes B – Y Blew on YouTube * Beth Sy'n Dod Rhyngom Ni on YouTube * Maes-E – Datblygu on YouTube * You Must Believe Me – The Impressions on YouTube * Second Album – Spencer Davies Group on YouTube * The song "Maes B" appears on the CD 'Degawdau Roc (1967–82) Recordiau Sain, 2004, SCD2376 Dafydd Evans' Book * Y Blew a Buddugoliaeth Gwynfor Cofant Dafydd Evan. (Y Blew and Gwynfor's Victory – Dafydd Evan's memoirs). Y Lolfa, * Items of Y Blew memorabilia at the National Library of Wales ==See also== * Maes (eisteddfod) ==Notes== ==Bibliography== * Category:Welsh rock music groups Category:Welsh- language bands Category:Musical groups established in 1967 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1967
+Y Borth may refer to: * Borth - a village in north Ceredigion. * Menai Bridge - a town on Anglesey whose Welsh name Porthaethwy is very commonly abbreviated to Y Borth as in Ffair Y Borth.
+("The Little Cottage") is a royal wendy house standing close to Royal Lodge within Windsor Great Park in England since 1932. ==History== The two-thirds scale thatched cottage was a gift to Princess Elizabeth for her sixth birthday (later Queen Elizabeth II) from the people of Wales and placed in the grounds of Royal Lodge. Designed by architect Edmund Willmott as a Welsh-cottage style playhouse, it measures 24 feet long, eight feet deep and with a ceiling height of five feet. Built from materials left over from the redevelopment of Llandough Hospital, it has four rooms: kitchen; living room; and accessed via oak stairs a bedroom; and a bathroom. Services include full running hot and cold water, electricity and a heated towel rail in the bathroom. The kitchen has a working fridge, gas cooker and a miniature blue and white porcelain dining and tea set. In the living room is a working miniature radio, a little oak dresser, a bookcase filled with Beatrix Potter's books, and a picture of their mother the Duchess of York hangs over the oak mantlepiece. On 17 February 1932, an insurance policy for the house was taken out in the name of Princess Elizabeth of York. On being transported from its construction site in the Welsh Valleys to Drill Hall, Cardiff, the tarpaulin covering the house caught fire, damaging the cottage. Quickly repaired under the insurance policy, the house was presented to Duke of York and his wife on their visit to Greyfriars Hall, Cardiff, on 16 March 1932. The keys were presented to the royal couple by school girl Jean Blake, daughter of plumber and engineer William Blake who helped to construct the cottage, on behalf of the "Princess Elizabeth Model House Committee". Initially put on public display at the Daily Mail-sponsored Ideal Home Exhibition at the Olympia exhibition centre, London, it was then sent on a tour of the UK to raise funds for children's hospital charities. Fully repaired, it was sited on its final location close to Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park, before the Princesses were allowed to play with it from December 1933. In 2012 as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, it was restored under a plan initiated and managed by Princess Beatrice, paid for by her father Prince Andrew, Duke of York. Restored under a pale green and cream colour scheme, the works included new curtains and upholstery, the paintwork was refreshed, the roof was rethatched and the cottage rewired. ==Further reading== * * * * * * * * ==References== ==External links== * , at Royal Collection Trust * * Category:Buildings and structures in Windsor Great Park Category:Thatched buildings in England Category:1932 establishments in England Category:Royal residences in the United Kingdom Category:Elizabeth II
+Y Byd (The World) was an attempt to launch the first Welsh language daily newspaper. It was scheduled to be published five days a week, from Monday to Friday, as of Monday 3 March 2008. However, on 15 February 2008, the proposed newspaper's owners, Dyddiol, abandoned the plans, citing 'insufficient' funding from the Welsh Assembly Government. Publication was initially held up by the need to find sufficient subscribers, causing several delays to proposed launch dates. Prior to the cessation of its plans, £300,000 worth of subscriptions had been placed and staff were being employed. The company was hoping to attract 5,000 subscribers ahead of the planned launch. The paper was due to employ 24 people from headquarters in Machynlleth and receive funding from Powys County Council. The editor for Y Byd was due to be Aled Price, a former BBC Cymru journalist, with Catrin Rogers, a local newspaper editor in London, deputising.Enwi golygydd Y Byd (Editors' names for Y Byd), BBC News Online, 28 November 2006 The paper would have cost 70p daily, with Friday's copy — which would have included a weekend supplement — retailing at £1.20. == Y Byd abandoned == On 5 February 2008, the Welsh Assembly minister for the Welsh language, heritage and culture Plaid Cymru's Rhodri Glyn Thomas, announced a subsidy grant of £200,000 to Welsh-language newspapers and magazines every year for the next three years.Extra cash for Welsh newspapers, BBC News Online, 5 February 2008 However, the grant was considerably short of £600,000 (for the first year) hoped by the owners of Y Byd. Prior to this announcement, a review into the Welsh-medium press by the Welsh Language Board concluded that there was not enough evidence for a viable daily newspaper in the Welsh language.'Quick' newspaper decision call, BBC News Online, 14 January 2008 On 15 February 2008, a statement by Dyddiol announced that plans for Y Byd had been abandoned.Daily Welsh newspaper abandoned, BBC News Online, 15 February 2008 In the statement, Ned Thomas, the chairman of Dyddiol criticised the Assembly government for not meeting a pledge to expand funding and support for Welsh-language press. The editor of Y Byd, Aled Price resigned following the funding announcement by Rhodri Glyn Thomas. The company is now said to be considering other options for Welsh-language press. == See also == * List of newspapers in Wales *List of Celtic-language media *Lá Nua - Irish language daily, based in Belfast (7,000 circulation) == References == == External links == * Y Byd website * Y Byd website * Welsh language paper is unveiled, BBC News Online, 20 June 2007 Category:Newspapers published in Wales Category:Welsh-language newspapers Category:2006 establishments in Wales
+(Welsh for The World on Four) is a Welsh-language current affairs television programme, which has broadcast on S4C since the channel was launched in November 1982. It is produced by ITV Cymru Wales. The programme's reporters have brought stories from the four corners of the world to Welsh screens. In the 1980s, long-serving reporter Tweli Griffiths secured the first interview with Libyan dictator Colonel Gaddaffi. Reports also covered the fall of the Berlin wall, the Chernobyl disaster and the Persian Gulf war. The programme is also famed for securing high-profile exclusive interviews in Wales, such as with Sion Aubrey Roberts, the only person to be jailed over the Meibion Glyndwr arson campaign and Ryan James, a vet from Ammanford who had been wrongly jailed after being accused of murdering his wife. More recently, a series of undercover investigations into west Wales puppy farms have led to several pressure groups to call for a change in legislation by the Welsh Government to protect animals. Senior producer Eifion Glyn travelled undercover to Zimbabwe in 2008 to show the horrors of life there under Robert Mugabe's rule and also journeyed to Afghanistan for the second time in 2013 to produce a series of programmes documenting the lives of Welsh troops fighting the Taliban. At home, a raw portrayal of the lives of two heroin addicts in Cardiff won the Best Current Affairs Award at the 2009 Celtic Media Festival. In 2013, another expose of the heroin scene, this time on the island of Anglesey, won the BAFTA Cymru award for current affairs. The team also secured a moving exclusive interview with the grandparents of April Jones after the young girl's disappearance in 2012. Success at the BAFTA Cymru awards followed in 2014 with a moving response to Typhoon Haiyan and in 2015 with an emotional portrayal of the lack of provision for young people battling mental health issues in Wales. == People == Editor Branwen Thomas === Notable former staff === *Lowri Gwilym *Betsan Powys *Menna Richards ==References== Category:S4C original programming Category:1982 British television series debuts Category:Current affairs shows
+Y Byd yn ei Le (English: The World in its Place) is a Welsh television current affairs series broadcast on S4C since 2018. It was presented by the former BBC Chief Political Correspondent, Guto Harri, until 2022. ==Background== The first programme of Y Byd yn ei Le was broadcast on S4C on 12 June 2018 and included an interview by the programme's presenter Guto Harri, with UK Prime Minister Theresa May, during her visit to the Welsh Conservative Conference. As well as interviews with prominent Wales and UK politicians, the programme aimed to bridge the gap between politicians and people on the ground in their towns and communities. Each programme normally includes a street 'surgery' where a politician answers questions directly to members of the public in a Welsh town or city. The first programme had Wales Assembly member Eluned Morgan meeting people in Ammanford. In the Autumn of 2018 S4C commissioned two more series of the programme. Young journalist Elen Davies joined the programme as a co-presenter in February 2019. ==Notable events== In September 2018 Harri interviewed controversial personality Katie Hopkins about her anti- Welsh language views. This received some criticism for giving Hopkins a 'platform' for her views. Harri responded that "We challenge and expose flaws... Outrageous views need confronting." S4C released the interview online on 27 September and broadcast a shorter clip in the programme on Tuesday 3 October 2018. Two days before the 2019 general election, Harri interviewed UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, for Y Byd yn ei Le. Johnson was questioned about Brexit and the recent resignation of the Conservative's Secretary of State for Wales, Alun Cairns. ==References== ==External links== * S4C – Y Byd yn ei Le Category:2018 British television series debuts Category:2010s Welsh television series Category:Current affairs shows Category:S4C original programming
+Y C McNease (February 1, 1936 – March 7, 2023) was a former American college football coach. He was the head football coach at the University of Idaho for the 1968 and 1969 seasons. ==Playing career== Born in Raleigh, Mississippi, McNease graduated from Leland High School in Leland in 1956,directory.lhsreunion.org - 1956 - accessed 2012-05-04 and joined the U.S. Marines. After his three years of military service, he attended junior college and transferred to Florida State, where he was on the roster for the 1961 and 1962 seasons as an end and center,nolefan.org - Florida State football - Y C McNease - accessed 2012-04-05nolefan.org - Florida State football - year-by- year rosters - accessed 2012-04-05 and also played linebacker and fullback. Well into his twenties and losing his hair, McNease was nicknamed "Pappy" by his younger FSU teammates.nolefan.org - Florida State football - 1961 - year- in-review - accessed 2012-04-05 ==Coaching career== Following his playing career, McNease was an assistant coach for five seasons at four schools; Florida State, Wichita State, Texas-El Paso, and Michigan. He was named the head coach at the University of Idaho in January 1968 at age 31, at an annual salary of $16,800. McNease succeeded Steve Musseau and placed a new emphasis on the passing game; the Vandals were 5–5 and 3–1 in the Big Sky in his first season, but they struggled with injuries and slipped to 2–8 with only one win in conference in 1969. After just two seasons at Idaho, McNease was dismissed in May 1970 following spring practices. Though reasons were not fully disclosed by the university, it was attributed to his disciplinary tactics and player unrest. Additionally, an altercation reportedly occurred with a player in a Memorial Gym hallway and resulted in a ripped coat. Several months after his dismissal, McNease filed a $1 million breach of contract lawsuit in U.S. District Court against the university. An out-of-court settlement was reached in 1973 for just under $24,800. McNease coached as an assistant for the next three seasons at Kansas State (1970) and back at UTEP, until his resignation in late October 1972, which followed the resignation of head coach Bobby Dobbs. ==After coaching== McNease left coaching and worked in the insurance and financial services industry, with stops in Athens, Georgia, and back on the Palouse in the Moscow-Pullman area in the early 1980s. As of 2010, he was a resident of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.doi.idaho.gov - insurance - accessed 2012-04-05 ==Name== His unique first name is simply "Y C" and is unpunctuated; his last name is pronounced in three syllables (Mac-Nee-See). ==Head coaching record== ==References== Category:1936 births Category:Living people Category:American football centers Category:American football ends Category:American football fullbacks Category:American football linebackers Category:Idaho Vandals football coaches Category:Michigan Wolverines football coaches Category:Kansas State Wildcats football coaches Category:UTEP Miners football coaches Category:Florida State Seminoles football coaches Category:United States Marines Category:People from Raleigh, Mississippi Category:Coaches of American football from Mississippi Category:Players of American football from Mississippi Category:Military personnel from Mississippi
+Y Carinae (Y Car) is a Classical Cepheid variable, a type of variable star, in the constellation Carina. Its apparent magnitude varies from 7.53 to 8.48. The primary Cepheid pulsation period is 3.6 days, but it also pulsates with a secondary period of 2.56 days. It is known as a double-mode Cepheid, or a beat Cepheid since the two periods interfere to produce slow variations at a beat frequency. The variable primary star is in a triple system with a very close pair of hot main sequence stars. The period of the outer pair is 2.76 years. The inner pair are constrained to orbit in less than 31 days, but the exact nature of the orbit is unknown. The existence of the close binary pair throws into doubt previous calculations of the mass of the pulsating star. The existence of high numbers of triple systems and short period Cepheids suggests that some at least of the short period Cepheids may have formed by mergers. ==References== Category:Carina (constellation) Category:F-type giants Carinae, Y 091595 Category:Classical Cepheid variables 051653 Category:Durchmusterung objects J10331084-5829550 Category:Triple star systems
+Y Centauri or Y Cen (HD 127233, HIP 70969) is a semiregular variable star in the constellation of Centaurus. The variability in the star was discovered by Williamina Fleming in 1895 and published in the Third Catalogue of Variable Stars. The photographic magnitude range was given as 7.7 - 8.8, but the variability was described as "somewhat doubtful". It was later given the designation HV 52 in the Harvard Catalogue of Variable Stars. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars lists it as a semiregular variable star with a period of 180 days and a visual magnitude range of 8.0 - 9.1. A study of Hipparcos satellite photometry found a small amplitude range of 0.2 magnitudes at a visual magnitude of 8.53. The distance of the star is poorly known. The revised Hipparcos annual parallax of 3.50 mas gives a distance of 900 light years. A study taking into account the variability of the star found a parallax of 5.57 mas, corresponding to a distance of 585 light years. Both estimates have a margin of error over 20%. The Gaia Data Release 2 parallax lies between these two values and appears more accurate with a margin of error around 5%, but with a large value for astrometric noise. Gaia EDR3 does not list a parallax for this star. Y Centauri is an asymptotic giant branch star 330 times as luminous as the sun. Its spectral type varies between M4 and M7 as it pulsates. The star has been observed to produce 22 GHz water maser emission, although later searches did not find any maser emission. ==References== == Notes == Category:Centaurus Category:Semiregular variable stars Centauri, Y Category:M-type giants Category:Asymptotic-giant-branch stars Category:Emission-line stars 070969 127233 Category:Durchmusterung objects
+Y Chhean is a Cambodian politician. He belongs to the Cambodian People's Party and was elected to represent Pailin in the National Assembly of Cambodia in 2003."Election results". Cambodia National Election Committee. Accessed June 18, 2008. ==References== Category:Members of the National Assembly (Cambodia) Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Cambodian People's Party politicians Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

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+The Z & M Coach Company operated public buses in Queens, New York City. It was established in 1926. == History == The Z & M Coach Company was incorporated on August 19, 1926, by Frederick M. Zander. The company's first route, later the Q27, started in October 1928 to connect the subway in Flushing at Main Street and Amity Street to the Rosewood section of Bayside. Zander was fined $25 twice in November for operating the route without a license. He continued operating the service despite the order to stop service until he obtained a permit for it. Rosewood residents banded together to raise money and hire the bus like a taxi to allow service to continue. The bus route was supported by the Rosewood Improvement Association and the East Flushing Civic Association. The route originally operated between Flushing and the Horace Harding Expressway, and was known as the Flushing—Rosewood route. In 1931, the New York City Board of Estimate was deciding which bus route franchises would be given to which private operators. Along with thirty other bus routes, the Q27 was tentatively assigned to the North Shore Bus Company, as part of Zone B (Flushing and Northern Queens). In 1932, the company operated a route from Flushing to Queens Village, which was divided into two five-cent fare zone. At the time, the franchise for the route was pending before the Board of Estimate. At the time, the company was not operating the Q27 to its eastern terminal named in the franchise contract. However, this was not viewed as a significant breach in the contract since that area was largely unpopulated, and since no riders ride the full length of the route. As of March 1, 1933, Z & M Coach Corporation used six buses on its Q27 route and twelve buses on its unfranchised Flushing to Queens Village route. At the time, the Q27 was not operated to its eastern terminal. Z & M obtained a one-year franchise to the route on December 30, 1932. On May 2, 1933, the New York State Transit Commission granted the company a certificate of public convenience and necessity for the route for the duration of the franchise. New York City granted the company another franchise for the Q27 and a franchise for the new Q26 route on April 26, 1935, for a period beginning at the end of the first contract, and ending no later than December 31, 1938. On November 9, 1936, the operation of these routes was transferred to the North Shore Bus Company. On that same date, the company started operating the Q1 and Q32, which had been operated by North Shore. Between December 31, 1936, and April 27, 1937, the company operated a route running between the Kew Gardens–Union Turnpike subway station and 165th Street and Shelton Avenue in Jamaica. In 1938, eleven new buses were placed into service. ==References== Category:Bus transportation in New York City Category:Transport companies established in 1926 Category:1926 establishments in New York (state)
+Z is a 1969 political thriller film directed by Costa-Gavras, from a screenplay he co-wrote with Jorge Semprún, adapted from the 1967 novel of the same name by Vassilis Vassilikos. The film presents a thinly-fictionalized account of the events surrounding the assassination of the democratic Greek politician Grigoris Lambrakis in 1963. With its dark view of Greek politics and its downbeat ending, the film captures the director's outrage about the junta that then ruled Greece. The title refers to a popular Greek protest slogan (, ) meaning "he lives," in reference to Lambrakis. A French and Algerian co-production, the film stars Jean-Louis Trintignant as the investigating magistrate, an analogue of Christos Sartzetakis, who would become the Greek president from 1985 to 1990. International stars Yves Montand and Irene Papas also appear, but despite their star billing, they have very little screen time. Jacques Perrin, who also produced the film, plays a key role as a photojournalist. Other actors in the film include Pierre Dux, Charles Denner, François Périer, Georges Géret and Bernard Fresson. The musical score was composed by Mikis Theodorakis. Z was the first film and one of only a handful to be nominated by the Academy Awards for both Best Picture and Best Foreign Language Film. It won the latter as well as the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Film. At the 27th Golden Globe Awards, its producers refused the award to protest the film's exclusion from the Best Motion Picture – Drama category. ==Plot== The film centers on the right-wing, military-dominated government of an unnamed Mediterranean state (based on Greece). The story begins with the closing moments of a rather dull government lecture on agricultural policy until the leader of the security police takes over the podium for an impassioned speech describing the government's program to combat leftism by using the metaphors "a mildew of the mind", an infiltration of "isms" and "sunspots". The scene shifts to preparations for a political rally of the opposition faction in which the left-leaning, pacifist deputy is to give a speech advocating nuclear disarmament. There have been attempts by the government to prevent the speech from being delivered. The venue has been changed to a much smaller hall, logistical problems have appeared out of nowhere and the people handing out leaflets about the change of venue are attacked by thugs under the command of the police. On his way to the venue, the deputy is hit on the head by one of the right-wing anticommunist protestors, some of whom are sponsored by the government, but carries on with his sharp speech. As the deputy crosses the street from the hall after giving his speech, a delivery truck speeds past him, and a man on the open truck bed strikes him down with a club. The injury eventually proves fatal, and the police manipulate witnesses to force the conclusion that the deputy was simply run over by a drunk driver. However, the police do not control the hospital, where the autopsy disproves their interpretation. The examining magistrate, with the assistance of a photojournalist, now uncovers sufficient evidence to indict not only the two right-wing militants who committed the murder but also four high-ranking military police officers. The action of the film concludes with one of the deputy's associates rushing to see his widow to give her the surprising news of the officers' indictments. The widow looks distressed and appears not to believe things will change for the better. An epilogue provides a synopsis of the subsequent turns of events. Instead of justice being served, the prosecutor is mysteriously removed from the case, several key witnesses die under suspicious circumstances, the assassins receive relatively short sentences, the officers receive only administrative reprimands, the deputy's close associates die or are deported and the photojournalist is sent to prison for disclosing official documents. The heads of the government resign after public disapproval, but before elections are carried out, a coup d'état occurs, and the military seize power. They ban modern art, popular music, avant-garde novelists, modern mathematics, classic and modern philosophers and the use of the term "Ζ" (, or , which is used by protesters against the former government), which refers to the deputy and means "He lives." ==Cast== ==Background== The 1963 murder of Greek politician and physician Grigoris Lambrakis and subsequent military junta served as the basis for the story. Among Costa-Gavras' references to the actual events was the frequency with which the military compared ideologies to diseases, seen when the General compares -isms to mildew. The Magistrate was based on real-life Greek jurist Christos Sartzetakis. Costa-Gavras opted to show the Deputy had adulteries and conflicts with his wife to demonstrate he was simply a man. Costa-Gavras was also motivated by the suspicious disappearance of Mehdi Ben Barka in 1965. Some American viewers infer parallels between the film and the assassination of John F. Kennedy, particularly given how some stylistic elements seem to mimic the Zapruder film. That said, Costa-Gavras has stated that the Zapruder film had not been widely circulated in Europe at the time and that Kennedy's assassination did not influence the production. ==Production== Principal photography took place in Algiers at actor Jacques Perrin's suggestion, which the filmmakers approved for its Mediterranean environment and because the Ministry of Culture was accommodating. In Algiers, the Hotel St. Georges and the central square were filming locations, while Paris' Théâtre des Champs-Élysées was used for the ballet scenes. Marcel Bozzuffi performed his own stunts wrestling on the "Kamikaze" vehicle due to the production's lack of budget for professional stunt performers. Costa-Gavras chose Z as the title of the film based on its common occurrence in Greek graffiti for "He lives" (or even "Lambrakis you live; be our guide!" [Λαμπράκη ζεις, εσύ μας οδηγείς!; Lambráki zis, esý mas odigís!]); Costa-Gavras acknowledged a one-letter film title was unconventional and said Yves Montand expressed concern it would be confused with Zorro, but Costa-Gavras said the novelty of the idea won him over. ==Soundtrack== The soundtrack by Mikis Theodorakis was a hit record. The Greek junta had placed the composer under house arrest but he was able to give his approval to Costa-Gavras for the use of existing musical pieces. The film features, but does not credit, Pierre Henry's contemporary hit song "Psyché Rock". The soundtrack as released on LP and CD replaces Henry's song with a similar track written by Theodorakis titled "Café Rock." # Main Title (Antonis) from the "Mauthausen Trilogy" of Mikis Theodorakis # The Smiling Youth # The Chase-The Smiling Youth # Murmur of the Heart # Cafe Rock # Arrival of Helen-The Smiling Youth # Batucada # The Smiling Youth (Bouzouki Version) # The Smiling Youth # Who's Not Talking About Easter # Finale-The Smiling Youth # Murmur of the Heart # In This Town "The Happy Youth" and "Who's Not Talking About Easter" were among the poems adapted from Brendan Behan's play The Hostage by Theodorakis in 1962. By referring to the Irish struggle against British rule rather than Greek realities, the poems offered a way to circumvent censorship in Greece and condemn Greece's post-war right- wing establishment. "The Smiling Youth" (το γελαστό παιδί) was also one of the nicknames of Lambrakis. ==Release== Z was picked up for U.S. distribution by the specialty company/New York City theatre chain Cinema 5. ==Reception== Prints of the film were acquired by the Black Panther Party and shown at underground screenings. An advance copy of the film was shown at the United Front Against Fascism conference in 1969. It first aired on American television on The ABC Monday Night Movie in March 1974. ===Critical response=== At the time of release, Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert, who named Z the best film of 1969, liked the screenplay and its message, and wrote, "[Z] is a film of our time. It is about how even moral victories are corrupted. It will make you weep and will make you angry. It will tear your guts out...When the Army junta staged its coup in 1967, the right-wing generals and the police chief were cleared of all charges and 'rehabilitated.' Those responsible for unmasking the assassination now became political criminals. These would seem to be completely political events, but the young director Costa-Gavras has told them in a style that is almost unbearably exciting. Z is at the same time a political cry of rage and a brilliant suspense thriller. It even ends in a chase: Not through the streets but through a maze of facts, alibis and official corruption." In 2006, James Berardinelli wrote, "Z was the third feature film from Greek-born Costa- Gavras, but it is the movie that captured him to the world's attention, winning a Best Foreign Language Film Oscar. It introduced the director's signature approach of combining overt political messages with edge-of-the-seat tension." Jonathan Richards wrote in 2009, "It's hard to overstate the impact that this Oscar-winning procedural thriller had in 1969, on a world roiling in political activism, repression, and discord. In the U.S., the Vietnam War was on the front burner, the populace was passionately engaged, and the police riots outside the '68 Chicago Democratic Convention and the murder of Black Panther Fred Hampton were raw wounds. With this stylish, intense indictment of the assassination of a leftist political leader by a right wing government cabal in his native Greece, director Costa-Gavras struck a nerve that resonated here and around the globe." On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 94% "fresh" score based on 47 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2/10. The site's consensus states: "Powerfully effective, this anti-fascist political thriller stands out as both high-conscience melodrama and high-tempo action movie." The film was voted in Time's list of The 15 Best Political Films of All Time. The film was selected to be screened in the Cannes Classics section of the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. ===Box office=== The film had a total of 3,952,913 admissions in France and was the 4th highest-grossing film of the year. It was also very popular in the United States grossing $17.3 million, being one of the top five highest-grossing non-English language films there. == Awards and nominations == Z was the second foreign-language film in Academy history to receive a nomination for Best Picture, after Grand Illusion. Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Academy Awards 7 April 1970 Best Picture Ahmed Rachedi, Jacques Perrin Academy Awards Best Director Costa- Gavras Academy Awards Best Adapted Screenplay Jorge Semprún, Costa-Gavras Academy Awards Best Foreign Language Film Costa-Gavras Academy Awards Best Film Editing Françoise Bonnot BAFTA Awards 1970 Best Film Costa-Gavras BAFTA Awards Best Screenplay Costa-Gavras, Jorge Semprun BAFTA Awards Best Editing Françoise Bonnot BAFTA Awards Best Film Music Mikis Theodorakis BAFTA Awards United Nations Award Costa-Gavras Cannes Film Festival 8 – 23 May 1969 Jury Prize Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Jean- Louis Trintignant Directors Guild of America Award 1970 Best Director Costa- Gavras Golden Globes 2 February 1970 Best Foreign Language Film National Society of Film Critics January 1970 Best Film New York Film Critics Circle 25 January 1970 Best Film New York Film Critics Circle Best Director == Legacy == Filmmakers Paul Greengrass and Aki Kaurismäki listed the film in their top 10 films of all time for the 2012 Sight and Sound poll. The French filmmaker Mathieu Kassovitz listed the film as influential to his work. The French filmmaker Rachid Bouchareb listed Z as an influence on his film Outside the Law. It is regarded as one of American filmmaker Oliver Stone's favorite films that inspired his filmmaking. John Milius also cited the film as an influence. The American filmmaker Steven Soderbergh listed Z as an inspiration on his film Traffic and stated that he: "wanted to make it like [Costa- Gavras]'s Z". The American filmmaker William Friedkin listed Z as one of his favorite films and mentioned the film's influence on him when directing his film The French Connection: "After I saw Z, I realized how I could shoot the French Connection. Because he [Costa-Gavras] shot 'Z' like a documentary. It was a fiction film but it was made like it was actually happening. Like the camera didn't know what was gonna happen next. And that is an induced technique. It looks like he happened upon the scene and captured what was going on as you do in a documentary. My first films were documentaries too. So I understood what he was doing but I never thought you could do that in a feature at that time until I saw Z."Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: As an homage, Friedkin cast actor Marcel Bozzuffi in a similar role. The American actor and filmmaker Ben Affleck listed the film as an influence for his film Argo. ==See also== * List of submissions to the 42nd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film * List of Algerian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film * Shanghai, a Hindi film based on Z ==References== ==External links== * * * * * Z background and analysis at Plaka * Z: Sounding the Alarm an essay by Armond White at the Criterion Collection Category:1969 films Category:1960s French-language films Category:1960s Russian-language films Category:1960s English-language films Category:1960s crime thriller films Category:1960s French films Category:1960s in Greek politics Category:Algerian drama films Category:Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award winners Category:Best Foreign Language Film Golden Globe winners Category:Docudrama films Category:Edgar Award-winning works Category:French political thriller films Category:French crime thriller films Category:English-language French films Category:English-language Algerian films Category:Existentialist films Category:Films about assassinations Category:Films based on Greek novels Category:Films directed by Costa Gavras Category:Films set in Greece Category:Films shot in Algeria Category:Films shot in France Category:Films shot in Paris Category:Films set in 1963 Category:Films about coups d'état Category:Films about political repression Category:Films à clef Category:Films scored by Mikis Theodorakis Category:Films about anti-fascism Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award Category:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film winners Category:Political films based on actual events
+Z () is a 1999 Indian Kannada-language mystery thriller film written and directed by K. Praveen Nayak. It stars Prakash Rai, Prema and Ritu Shivpuri in the lead roles and features five different composers tuning for the soundtrack. Z was released on 19 February 1999. It was dubbed in Telugu and released in Telugu as Maha Natudu. ==Plot summary== == Cast == * Prakash Rai as Prakash * Prema as Prema * Ritu Shivpuri * Sundeep Malani * Tennis Krishna * Harsha Darbar * Kote Prabhakar * Agro Chikkanna * Sunitha * Nagesh Mayya * Dinesh Mangalore * K. Praveen Nayak * Vaijanath Biradar * Bank Suresh * Fayaz Khan * A. S. Murthy == Soundtrack == Five composers contributed six tracks for the film, including the film's director Praveen Nayak, who composed one song and wrote lyrics for two others. S. No. Song Title Music Director Singer(s) Lyrics 1 "Prema Prema" Rajesh Ramanath Rajesh Krishnan, Sowmya Raoh K. Praveen Nayak 2 "Reelo Reelo" Murali Mohan Murali Mohan, L. N. Shastry Murali Mohan 3 "Nee Rathiyu Naa Rathanu" K. Praveen Nayak Mangala Sadhu Kokila 4 "Thutiyali Thutiyu" Rajesh Ramanath Sowmya Raoh K. Praveen Nayak 5 "Choli Aata" Praveen D. Rao L. N. Shastry Achyuth 6 "Kele Kishori" V. Manohar Rajesh Krishnan, Sowmya Raoh V. Manohar == Reception == A critic from The New Indian Express wrote that "The only reason to watch this movie is if you have nothing else to do". Jyothi Raghuram of The Hindu wrote "Praveen’s story rambles, and his dialogues are simplistic. His screenplay is in keeping with all of this. Yet, this debutant director cannot be written off, for ‘Z” does have its moments of pluses, and Praveen, his flashes of directorial grip." == References == == External links == * Category:1999 films Category:1990s Kannada-language films Category:Indian thriller films Category:Films scored by V. Manohar Category:Films about filmmaking Category:1999 directorial debut films Category:1999 thriller films Category:Films scored by Rajesh Ramnath
+Z is a 2019 Canadian horror film directed by Brandon Christensen and based on a script written by Christensen and Colin Minihan. The film stars Keegan Connor Tracy, Jett Klyne, and Sean Rogerson. ==Plot== A couple is terrorized by their eight-year old son’s imaginary friend. ==Cast== * Keegan Connor Tracy as Elizabeth "Beth" Parsons * Jett Klyne as Joshua Parsons * Sean Rogerson as Kevin Parsons * Sara Canning as Jenna Montgomery * Stephen McHattie as Dr. Seager * Chandra West as Georgia * Ali Webb as Mrs. Hirsch * Deborah Ferguson as Alice Montgomery * Luke Moore as Z * Fox Rose as Daniel * Jayson Therrien as Beth's Dad * Sarah Munn as Young Beth * Grace Christensen as Young Jenna ==Development== Keegan Connor Tracy stated that the film "was such a huge emotional journey for me and I had to sort of sequester myself a lot to stay in that woman’s mental and emotional space". ==Release== Z was released as a Shudder exclusive on May 7, 2020. ==Reception== Critical reception has been positive and the movie holds a rating of on Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews. ==References== ==External links== * * Category:2019 horror thriller films Category:English-language Canadian films Category:Films about imaginary friends Category:2010s English-language films Category:Shudder (streaming service) original programming Category:Canadian horror thriller films Category:2010s Canadian films
+Z (Z [ZETTO]) is the fifth album released by the Japanese metal band Aion. Promotional videos were made for the songs "Truth" and "Ira Ira". There is also live footage of them performing the songs "So Many" and "Confession", recorded at the "Ariola Meeting 1993". This is the band's first release with new drummer Shu. ==Track listing== ==Personnel== *Nov – vocals *Izumi – lead and rhythm guitars *Dean – bass guitar *Shu – drums ==References== Category:1993 albums Category:Aion (Japanese band) albums
+Z is the third extended play (EP) by American R&B; singer SZA. It was released on April 8, 2014, by Top Dawg Entertainment. After amassing two self-released EPs, See.SZA.Run and S, as well as meeting with members of Top Dawg Entertainment, she subsequently signed a recording contract with the indie label. The recording of the EP took place in Carson, California during the summer of 2013 with the help of her Top Dawg labelmate Isaiah Rashad, among others. An alternative R&B; and neo soul album, Z has a diverse musical style that incorporates contemporary urban genres such as soul, hip hop, and minimalist R&B;, as well as 1980s synth-pop elements. Its production is characterized by layers of sliced, delayed, and reversed vocals, which are synthetic and fluid. Its lyrics explore the complexities of romantic relationships, sexuality, nostalgia, and abandonment. The album was written by SZA herself, with production handled by Mac Miller, Emile Haynie and others. Z received generally positive reviews from music critics, who commended its production and musical style. Critics also praised the EP's lyrical content and SZA's vocals, as well as comparing the EP to the work of singer and songwriter Lorde. Z debuted on the US Billboard 200 at number thirty-nine, selling 6,980 copies in its opening week. It peaked at number nine on the US Hip-Hop/R&B; chart. To date, the EP has sold over 26,000 copies in the US. == Background == SZA first met members of Top Dawg Entertainment at the CMJ 2011, when her boyfriend's clothing company sponsored a show in which Kendrick Lamar was performing. A friend attending the show with her foisted early SZA songs onto TDE president Terrence "Punch" Henderson, who liked the material and stayed in touch. On October 29, 2012, SZA released her debut self-released extended play entitled See.SZA.Run, which featured production from brandUn DeShay and APSuperProducer, among others. In June 2013, Top Dawg Entertainment announced they were planning to sign two more artists. On July 14, it was revealed Top Dawg had signed the upcoming singer SZA to the label. SZA's intention was to release another EP, but she felt she owed "people more", leading her to release the full-length album. == Recording == SZA said the public could expect to hear a "completely different level of insight" into her life through this album. She described the recording process as not being "rushed or afraid", and that she had "vocal freedom" during the process. During the writing process SZA felt she "ran out of shit to say", which led her to force herself to "dig deeper... It's funny because I get to choose all these crazy producers who I never got to work with before, so I'm getting to know myself around some of the most creative minds ever." In May 2013, SZA revealed that she had been working with producers Holy Other and Emile Haynie, the latter of whom had previously worked with Lana Del Rey and Kid Cudi. The majority of Z was recorded in Carson, California in the summer of 2013, in a "little club house" along with labelmate Isaiah Rashad. The experience gave SZA a crucial ally within the crew, and the two have since made a habit of collaborating. About recording the EP, SZA said, "Him and all his producers would kick open my door in the morning and jump on the bed and light blunts at 9 AM... Now we're each other's security blanket, in a way. We just get each other really well." SZA met producer Felix Snow via a mutual friend and they later began "hanging out". SZA described him as being "completely not the textbook producer". On working with Felix, SZA said, > If you've ever seen him he wears sunglasses inside all day and sandals all > year round. He's basically always in yacht mode. He has a Tamagachi and a > Giga Pet, so he's a character-and-a-half. But we're like family. I went to > his house in Connecticut and played with his menagerie of animals and met > his parents and ate soup. == Composition == Z contains alternative, synth-pop, modern R&B; style, neo soul, and hip hop genres; the album's instrumentals "vary in groove". The album's production is characterized as being "mainly synthetic" with guitar work scattered throughout. Z featured a "genre agnostic utopia dripping with mood"; the album was described as straddling the "line between minimalist R&B;, '80s synth pop and soul". The production is "consistently fluid" and built over "layers of sliced, delayed, and reversed vocals." The album has "unraveling lyrics" that touch upon themes of sexuality, nostalgia, and abandonment, and which have been compared to the work of Lorde. SZA's vocals were described as merging and melting into the album's production, creating a "chilled aesthetic". According to Michael Madden from Consequence of Sound, Z follows in the same vein as her previous EPs See.SZA.Run and S; Madden noted that, like her previous work, Z sounds "organic and self-sufficient. The tricky part is getting to that point". He described the album's genre as being "agnostic", noting that Z is not just one style of music and is versatile, with a musical style that is not just "R&B;, pop, soul, or one thing at all". Madden described the album's lyrical content as sometimes being "purposefully general" and sometimes "an ambitious but quick reference", which he compared to the rapper Angel Haze and their debut album Dirty Gold. The album opens with "U R", a "slow-moving, emotional track" that was produced by rapper Mac Miller. It is a "disorienting" song that is built over a variety of instrumentals featuring "twangy guitar, subtle synthesizers, echoing vocals, delicate piano chords, and futuristic sound effects." The musical style then moves into a more upbeat, energetic set of songs. "Child's Play" features rapper Chance the Rapper. It was produced by DAE ONE and XXYYXX, and contains minimalist drums and synths. Its lyrics mention Nintendo and Street Fighter. "Julia" is an uptempo synth-pop song that contains a "danceable, energetic vibe" described as being built on a "glorious" and "glittering" production, with lyrics that revolve around romantic relationships. The album's fourth song, "Warm Winds", features rapper and labelmate Isaiah Rashad, whose vocals have been described as sounding like backing vocals. "HiiiJack" is a R&B; song produced by Toro y Moi, whose lyrics are about love. "Green Mile" was compared to the work of singer Jessie Ware, and is built over a "crashing" sound with a "dark, shady beat". Lyrically the song describes the difficult ending of a relationship and the "massacre" of love. "Babylon" is an "alt-R&B;" song featuring rapper Kendrick Lamar and produced by DJ Dahi. It has been described as having an "airy, mystical croon" coupled with Lamar's "fluid, and at times ravenous, flow". "Sweet November" is musically more upbeat than some of the EP's previous material. It contains "breathy" vocals and guitar riffs, while its lyrics are about "love and life lessons". The song contains guitar, piano and organ instruments and a sample of Marvin Gaye's "Mandota", which was originally featured on the deluxe edition of his 1973 album Let's Get It On. "Shattered Ring" is a pop song that contains "haunting vocals" and "guitar tabs", as well as borrowing "songwriting and vocal cues from country and acoustic music." "Omega" is a R&B; song that is described as "goth-hop" with "bold and oblique" elements. ==Marketing and sales== After appearing on a variety of songs by her fellow Top Dawg Entertainment artists, SZA announced the title and release date of her next EP, and released a new video. It was announced that the EP titled Z would be released on April 8, 2014. Prior to its release, Metacritic named the EP as one of their "45 Notable Upcoming Albums" during March and May, calling it a "noteworthy album". The same company also placed the album on their "Most Anticipated Albums" of 2014. To promote the Z EP, SZA performed at several performance showcases at the SXSW Music Festival in Austin, Texas. The EP was preceded by the release of video of the lead single, "Babylon", which was directed by APLUSFILMZ. The visuals feature SZA leaving her unimportant essentials behind as she gets baptized in the swamp's murky waters. On March 26, 2014, SZA released the single "Child's Play", featuring Chance the Rapper. On May 14, 2014, SZA released a music video for the song "Warm Winds", featuring Isaiah Rashad. The video was directed by APLUSFILMZ, and depicts SZA and Rashad running through a field and walking down a deserted path. On July 11, 2014, SZA released a video for "Julia" from the EP, which featured a snippet of a new song entitled "Tender". Z made its chart debut in the United Kingdom, where it charted at number 32 on the UK R&B; Chart, the week ending April 19, 2014, and at number 197 on the UK Albums Chart. Z debuted on the US Billboard 200 at number 39, selling 6,980 copies in its first week of availability, where it charted for just one week. The album also debuted at number nine on the US Top R&B;/Hip-Hop Albums chart and at number five on the US Top R&B; Albums chart, where it charted for three weeks on the former and four weeks on the latter. To date, the EP has sold over 26,000 copies in the US. == Critical reception == At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 66, based on 15 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews." Ben Benjamin of Neon Tommy praised Z, comparing it to the work of singer Lorde and calling Z "compelling", yet "slightly static". He felt it worked well within its "narrow dynamic range", but noted that the album's end began "one of the few adrenaline boosters on the entire record", in which SZA had an "aptitude for injecting deep listening into songs that will please even the shallowest ears". Ryan B. Patrick from Exclaim! gave Z eight out of ten stars, calling the work a "quality beginning" and praised the "fresh futurist sound". He noted "Sweet November" and "Julia" as standout tracks. Steven Goldstein from HipHopDX gave the album three and half stars out of five; he called it a strong debut. He praised the album's "nostalgic trance about heartbreak and self-questioning." On the other hand, Goldstein felt that sometimes SZA fell "victim to Pop platitudes." Brandon Soderberg from Spin magazine commended the album's "atmospheric" tones and called the album's lyrical content "compelling". However, he felt the "elements melt into the background" and described the genre as "weeded R&B.;" Writing for Consequence of Sound, Michael Madden commended the "organic" themes but felt the album did not "get to the point". He praised SZA's vocals, calling them her "biggest asset." The album was included on numerous year-end critics' lists, including Exclaim!, who placed the album at number seven on their Soul and R&B; albums list. Z was thirty-four on Vibe Magazines end-of- year list, and number ten on Sweden's Nöjesguiden international list. == Track listing == == Charts == Chart (2014) Peak position UK Albums (OCC) 197 == Release history == Region Date Format Label United States April 8, 2014 Digital download Top Dawg == References == == External links == * Category:2014 EPs Category:Albums produced by DJ Dahi Category:Albums produced by Emile Haynie Category:Albums produced by Mac Miller Category:Contemporary R&B; EPs Category:Neo soul EPs Category:Top Dawg Entertainment albums Category:SZA albums
+Z is the fourth studio album by psychedelic rock band My Morning Jacket. This collection features a much spacier and more polished sound than previous releases, making heavy use of synthesizers throughout and incorporating reggae and dub influences. The heavy reverb that was a defining characteristic of the band's prior recordings is largely absent. The songs on the album are more focused and shorter compared to the band's previous albums. A double-live album, Okonokos, was recorded at the end of the Z Tour and was released on September 26, 2006; it features live versions of eight of Z's 10 songs. In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 457 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. The magazine has also ranked the album 31st on its list of the 100 best albums of the 2000s and 23rd of the 40 greatest stoner albums ever. ==Background and production== In September 2003, My Morning Jacket released its third album It Still Moves. It was the band's first album to be released by ATO Records. It Still Moves was well received by critics and peaked at number two on the Heatseekers Albums in the United States. During the subsequent tour, guitarist Johnny Quaid and keyboardist Danny Cash quit the band on amicable terms, and were replaced by guitarist Carl Broemel and keyboardist Bo Koster. Drummer Patrick Hallahan said that while the arrival of new members put the band in an awkward position, it was also a liberating experience. "We thought, 'Let's take ourselves out of our element.'" For the next My Morning Jacket album, the band members wanted to experiment with unique arrangements and a greater usage of musical soundscapes when compared to their previous albums. Vocalist Jim James said the band went out of their comfort zone, and decided to record the album at the remote Allaire Studios in the Catskill Mountains instead of in their hometown of Louisville, Kentucky. According to bassist Tom Blankenship: "We had been talking for years about really locking ourselves in when we did an album, and now there was no excuse but to be in the studio all the time. You'd wake up and have breakfast and grab your coffee and walk into the control room." Z was the first My Morning Jacket album to have a professional producer. James had previously produced every album, which he said was out of pride. Before the recording sessions began, James met producer John Leckie, who was known for his work with bands such as Pink Floyd and Radiohead. Leckie was also a tape operator on the George Harrison album All Things Must Pass, one of James' favorite albums. James said Leckie's perspective as an outsider played a pivotal role in the production of the album. According to James: "Sometimes when everybody in the band is just there, you know, people don't want to hurt anyone's feelings, or you might think that it was a good take because everyone is tired. We really learned the value of having another ear there." ==Composition== This album was seen by reviewers as a shift in the musical genre of the band and vocal style of James, in part due to working with John Leckie and the inclusion of genres such as reggae on "Off the Record". ==Digital rights management== The CD was one of the more high-profile releases in 2005 featuring digital rights management technology to prohibit owners from playing the music on a computer or creating digital copies. United States pressings of this CD contain MediaMax CD-3 by SunnComm. The band's manager, Mike Martinovich, expressed their dissatisfaction with the technology and it was abandoned on subsequent releases. The band themselves provided information on their website about how to bypass the software, and also offered to burn individual copies of the album for fans, free of copy-protection software. ==Critical reception== The album was the second highest rated album of 2005 according to Metacritic, behind Sufjan Stevens' Illinois; the album has a total score of 90 out of 100. Technically, both Z and Illinois were tied for the highest Metacritic rating in 2005, with a score of 90 each. However, the score for Illinois was based on a larger overall number of reviews: 40, compared to 31 for Z. Online music magazine Pitchfork Media placed Z at number 146 on their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s, calling it My Morning Jacket's OK Computer. In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 457 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.Wenner, Jann S., ed. (2012). Rolling Stone - Special Collectors Issue - The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. USA: Wenner Media Specials. The magazine has also ranked the album 31st on its list of the 100 best albums of the 2000s and 23rd of the 40 greatest stoner albums ever. In March 2022, the album ranked at number 1 on WFPK Louisville's "Top 500 Albums of the 2000's Countdown" which was conducted by a public poll. ==Track listing== All songs written by Jim James, except where noted: #"Wordless Chorus" – 4:12 #"It Beats 4 U" – 3:46 #"Gideon" – 3:39 #"What a Wonderful Man" – 2:25 #"Off the Record" (James, Tom Blankenship, Patrick Hallahan) – 5:33 #"Into the Woods" – 5:21 #"Anytime" – 3:56 #"Lay Low" – 6:05 #"Knot Comes Loose" – 4:02 #"Dondante" – 8:01 The U.S. and Japanese pressing of the album contains the B-side "Chills"; digital copies include the other b-side "How Could I Know" (length 5:27) as well. ==Personnel== My Morning Jacket *Tom Blankenship – bass guitar *Carl Broemel – guitar, saxophone on "Dondante" *Patrick Hallahan – drums *Jim James – vocals, lead and Rhythm guitars, and production *Bo Koster – keyboards Additional musicians and technical personnel *Andrew Bird – strings, and whistles on "Gideon", "Into the Woods", and "It Beats 4 U" *John Leckie – production *M. Ward – acoustic guitar and choirs on "Into the Woods" Artwork *Katie Beach *Guy Burwel *Nicolai Denchev *Mike Fulkerson *Brandon Jones *Kathleen Lolley ==Release history== Release formats for Z Region Date Label Format Catalog Worldwide Badman LP 947 United States ATO/RCA Compact Disc 71067 Europe BMG 21448 United States ATO 21601 Japan BMG 21448 2006 24078† United States 2008 ATO LP 8808821601 United States August 21, 2020 ATO 2×LP, purple vinyl† †This edition includes the bonus track "Chills" ==References== ==External links== * * * Category:2005 albums Category:Albums produced by Jim James Category:Albums produced by John Leckie Category:ATO Records albums Category:Bertelsmann Music Group albums Category:Jam band albums Category:My Morning Jacket albums Category:Southern rock albums Category:Space rock albums
+Z (often stylized as _Z_) is the nom de plume of an anonymous Tunisian political cartoonist and online activist whose humorous cartoons and writings have appeared on his online blog DébaTunisie, which he launched in 2007, and have targeted the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the administrations that followed the Tunisian Revolution of 2011. ==History== Z, an architect, launched his blog on August 28, 2007. He first began criticizing government development projects in the Tunisian capital, Tunis, and the fact that residents had no say on the matter. Z believed that the government's plans threatened the natural habitat of the city's local flamingo population. A signature pink flamingo later became his blog's mascot, and appeared in many of his future drawings. In 2008, he started posting cartoons on DébaTunisie. Among his first drawings was one of a small demonstration by a group of pink flamingos protesting the government's projects. His first cartoon featuring the country's president, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, was posted in March 2009, ahead of the upcoming presidential election that same year, which depicts men in a mosque bowing in the direction of a mural portrait of Ben Ali instead of Mecca. The government took notice of his online activism in October 2009 after he drew a cartoon titled "La Comédie électorale", two days following Ben Ali's re-election. A month later, authorities arrested and later released an online blogger and university professor named Fatma Riahi, wrongly assuming her to be Z, whose blog they had already tried to shut down. ===Post-revolution=== In the days and months following the stepping down of Ben Ali on January 14, 2011, Z posted a series of cartoons about his optimistic vision for a Tunisia in which the country's social and political constituents, particularly secularists and Islamists, would coexist peacefully. He chose, however, to remain anonymous, believing that "nothing really changed" in regards to Tunisia's censorship issue. Following Tunisia's first free election since Ben Ali's overthrow, which saw the Islamist Ennahda Movement win the majority of seats, Z attracted criticism from Islamists and online followers due to some cartoons that were perceived as insulting to Islam. On August 7, 2012, he wrote on his blog: "It is evident that I will soon be regarded as an outlaw the moment the Constituency validates the anti-blasphemy law." ==Style== Among the noticeable themes in Z's writings and cartoons are the "mauves", supporters of the government of Ben Ali, whom he calls "Zaba" (acronym of his full name). He also refers to Islamists as the "bleus", who are under the leadership of "Zaballah", a play on words merging Zaba (the initials of Zine el Abidine Ben Ali) with "Allah". Another recurrent feature in his cartoons is the "Ben Simpsons" family, representing the typical secular Tunisian bourgeoisie that is alarmed by the country's political developments. ==See also== *Political cartoons in the Middle East ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== *DEBATunisie - official website of Z Category:Tunisian cartoonists Category:Living people Category:Freedom of expression in Africa Category:Pseudonymous artists Category:People of the Tunisian Revolution Category:1979 births
+thumb|Zzzzzz as it appears in the June 1971 issue of the Los Angeles Central White Pages Zzzzzz, later just Z, was a dial-a-joke service active in the 1970s and early 1980s. Started by Bob Bilkiss (1949–1989) of West Los Angeles in 1970, it operated from the 213 area code and was named so to appear last in the Los Angeles telephone directory. Emerging from a wave of dial-a-joke numbers in Los Angeles in the turn of the 1970s, Zzzzzz enjoyed a high level of popularity in its day. For several years, it was the busiest residential telephone number in the United States, if not the world. ==History== ===Conception and development=== Zzzzzz was launched by Bob Bilkiss of West Los Angeles, who originally operated the service from his residential phone line, in February 1970. Bilkiss, then a student of Santa Monica College, said that Zzzzzz grew out of a whimsical desire to have the first and last entries in the Los Angeles telephone directory. He was able to obtain the first listing because the phone books of Pacific Bell used the street name as a second sort key when two entries had the same name. There was already a entry with the name "A"; Bilkiss's appeared above it because his street name started with a B. To obtain the last listing in the book, however, Pacific Bell required Bilkiss to prepare a notarized statement that "Zzzzzz" was his official nickname. He got a friend to bear witness that his "nickname" was due to his propensity for falling asleep in class. The February 1970 issue of the Pacific Bell telephone directory was the first time Zzzzzz's number, 837-5566 (later 836-5566), was published. Bilkiss's phone line—by this point not set up as a dial-a-joke service—rang nonstop on the first day of February as a consequence, much to the chagrin of his parents, who had to set up another phone line in the household because of the sheer volume of calls. Bilkiss recruited his friend Dave Friedman, an engineering student at UCLA, to devise an answering machine for the line, along with a counter that would advance every time the answering machine would take a call. The first recordings on the answering machine was a teaser reel comprising humorous impersonations of people curious to the purpose of Zzzzzz's entries in the phone book, as a way to build further interest for the launch of Zzzzzz as a dial-a-joke service. The line was updated weekly, and the number of calls per week were logged. The line initially attracted hundreds of callers per day. By 1972, this had grown to 1,500 per day; it reached 100,000 calls in December 1970. Callers frequently encountered busy signals when trying to reach the line due to the volume of traffic—a fact that was spoofed by the line in one skit. Bilkiss and Friedman rented an apartment on Los Palmas Avenue from which to run the service. By 1971 the service had grown to a staff of five, including writer Jeff Robbins, announcer and tape editor John Shannon and cartoonist Jerry Leibowitz. Starting in June 1970, Zzzzzz began advertising hour-long "live" shows, wherein callers could talk to Bilkiss and company, twice a week. It was through these shows that the crew discovered the young Shannon in 1970, who had considerable experience in production work. Shannon became Zzzzzz's announcer and was responsible for the line's format refresh in September 1970. ===Content and technical details=== Though Pacific Bell was rumored to have split the profits they made from calls to the line with the Zzzzzz staff, Zzzzzz was an entirely non-profit affair, with Bilkiss paying for the monthly telephone bill (about $5.85 in 1979). In 1971, Bilkiss explained that he and his colleagues represented "a sort of melting pot ... a cross-section of interests ... a combination of long-hairs and short-hairs. We are all in college except for Jeff and we're all 21 except for John, who is 19". He and Friedman initially spent two to three days a week recording jokes, which at the onset were spoofs of contemporary radio and television advertisements and programs. They later gained access to a small professional recording studio by way of a friend in broadcasting. Friends and acquaintances volunteered their voice talents, while Bilkiss and Friedman acquired a stack of royalty-free production music and produced their own sound effects for use in skits. To prevent the recordings from wearing out due to the heavy traffic the line received, the answering machine was built to be rugged and outfitted with high-quality, high-fidelity tape stock. Bilkiss defined the skits in Zzzzzz as middle-of-the-road and apolitical, explaining that "We like humor that doesn't point a finger at anyone or insult anyone". In addition he explained that he and his staff were drug-free, stating, "Somehow we never find neither time nor desire for it. We have enough going on with Z to turn us on". Bilkiss and Friedman occasionally hijacked the line from the answering machine to talk to their callers directly. From doing this they found that their audience comprised a varied audience: children, switchboard operators, businesspeople calling from expensive long-distance lines and phone phreaks. The nationalities of their callers also ran the gamut, with Bilkiss in 1973 saying that they received calls from Europe, New Zealand, Japan and Vietnam. ===Final years=== The number of reels of tape the Zzzzzz staff recorded had grown to several hundred by 1979. New weekly recording mostly ceased by 1974; afterwards Bilkiss and Friedman only recorded when the inspiration struck. After Bilkiss graduated from Santa Monica College and UCLA, he worked at Magtec, a manufacturer of audiotape, before moving to AT&T; to work as a national sales manager for their Recording subsidiary in 1975. He and Friedman later worked full-time as telephone systems designers and consultants in the late 1970s, still running Zzzzzz as a hobby on the side. The line was still operational in 1982. Bilkiss died in 1989, in Culver City, California, survived by his wife and two daughters. ==Archives== Select excerpts from Zzzzzz have been digitized and uploaded to DialAJoke.us, an online repository run by Ronald Gibson dedicated to dial-a-joke lines of Zzzzzz's day. More recordings are available online from phone phreak Evan Doorbell. ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * Zzzzzz on DialAJoke.us Category:1970 establishments in California Category:1980s disestablishments in California Category:Humor media Category:Telephone numbers in the United States
+Z is a 1996 real-time strategy computer game by The Bitmap Brothers. It is about two armies of robots (red and blue) battling to conquer different planets. A sequel, Z: Steel Soldiers, was published in 2001. ==Plot== The game opens with Commander Zod shooting the Bitmap Brothers Logo off the screen. Meanwhile, a Supply Ship is adrift in space. Its occupants, two robots named Brad and Allan, wake up to the radio buzzer. The two find two new messages from Commander Zod. The first shows Zod telling about his delivery, one hour overdue; the second shows him threatening to "kick their red butts" if he finds out about them slacking off. Allan and Brad just resume their mission. The two constantly steer the ship in a bunch of twists and turns (one sends them knocking the game's title into the opening credits, which are just visible in space), and finally arriving at their first destination. Their mission sends them across twenty levels on five planets, fighting enemy soldiers. Only when the five planets are conquered will the party begin. After the final level, Zod gets a promotion to Supreme Space Colonel. Zod and the other soldiers celebrate by drinking many cans of rocket fuel, and by the next morning, so many discarded cans litter the ground that Brad and Allan are sick. Zod gets into the Supply Ship with Brad and Allan and decides to show them how to fly the spacecraft. Zod uses the ship to pull acrobatic stunts in space, leaving Brad thrilled. When Allan pulls another can of rocket fuel from the box, he notices a "do not shake" warning on its side. He shakes it up and tosses it to Zod. When Zod opens the can, an explosion blows the ship apart. Brad and Allan are hurled off, and Zod's hat can be seen floating in deep space. ==Gameplay== Unlike traditional real-time strategy (RTS) games, collecting resources or building specific structures is unnecessary for creating an army - the same principle that was introduced by Nether Earth, one of the RTS games ancestors. Regions and structures within their borders that actually manufacture the units are captured by moving troops to their respective flags. All that is needed to do is to hold acquired position for a certain amount of time while the unit is manufacturing. The more regions are under the player's control, the less the time required. More powerful units take more time to construct. The objective of the game is to eliminate the opponent by taking out their command Fort: either by sending a unit to enter it, or by destroying it directly. Alternatively, destroying all of the opponent's units immediately wins the game. At the start of every mission, each side is given control of their Fort and a small group of units. A host of unmanned turrets and vehicles are usually scattered about the map and sending a robot to these will allow the player to add them to their army. However, the assigned robot will remain in the captured vehicle or turret as a pilot or a gunner although he may be removed from the gun effectively splitting him from his squad. The game is significantly different from others of its type: for example, vehicle drivers can take damage from enemy fire, and if the driver is destroyed, the vehicle they were commandeering will be unmanned and can be captured by either side. At the time of its release, Z was also noted for being more complex, intense, and challenging compared to other games of its time, like the original Command & Conquer, where the gameplay usually boiled down to tankrushing AIs showing a lack of aggression. Further different robot types behaved differently. Units such as a sniper with a higher intelligence level are less likely to pop up from a tank because they are likely to be shot. The game starts off with simple, symmetric levels where the CPU starts with roughly the same hardware as the player. As the game progresses, the levels become more complex, demanding more skill to control all units effectively, and the computer gains an advantage in starting units. For example, the CPU's fort usually has substantially more powerful guard turrets. The computer also gains more logistic advantages. Combat takes place on several planets, with 4 missions on each. When one is successfully captured, a space ship transports the robot army to another. ==Versions== There are 2 main versions for PC use, one for DOS named Z and another one for Windows 95 named Z 95 & Expansion (that give Zeditor and Extension pack with additional challenging levels from 20 to 35. Each of these level are parallel; so 21 is the same kind as level 1 but with a bigger map and all units available). The former used to require DOSBox (an open source DOS emulator for various operating systems) to run on a modern Windows XP system. A workaround for Z 95's incompatibility with Windows XP which allows Z 95 to run on a Windows XP system without any form of emulation was posted on the ZZone forums. The workaround, named Z Expansion XP, involves disabling some protected instructions in the Z 95 executable and contains a custom installer since the original Z 95 installer refuses to run under Windows XP. In the concerning forum thread the Z Expansion XP workaround is also reported to work under Windows Vista. Ports for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn were released in 1997 and 1998 only in Europe. Both were handled by Krisalis Software and published by GT Interactive. Even though the Saturn mouse was never released in Europe, the Saturn version of Z includes mouse support. A mobile version of Z was developed by Peter Harrap and TickTock Games and was published by KavCom. It was released on iPhone and iPad in 2011, with further releases on BlackBerry Playbook, Android, and Kindle in 2012. The mobile version remake by TickTock Games was also released for Mac in 2012, and then published by Kiss Ltd and KavCom for Windows PC on Steam and GOG.com in July 4th of 2014. There was also a "Directors cut version". There was a very limited number of these mostly given away at the launch party. There were only a couple of levels with this version and it featured "R" rated audio for the robot voices. ===Difference between Z and Z 95=== There are few differences between the Z DOS version and the Z 95 version. Most of all Z 95 was made much more compatible with Windows 95 which was becoming more and more popular. Also some more levels were added to the so-called Expansion Kit. The Z DOS version has an interface for loading the game as its first step. In Z 95 the interface is still there but modified and is just a normal interface using APIs of Windows 95 without the eyecandy buttons. Z DOS version is much slower, which affects the game play, whereas the Z 95 version improves the speed and lets the game feel like a real time strategy field. Also, a few unit statistics were changed to improve the game's balance. ==Reception== Reviewing the PC version, Chris Hudak of GameSpot called Z "the alcoholic, head-banging, gap-toothed, punch-drunk, inbred cousin of Command & Conquer." He particularly praised the game's accessibility, the networked multiplayer, and the ability to blast through obstructive terrain, though he found some issues with the AI. A Next Generation critic commented that Z stands out from other real-time strategy games because of the absence of resource management, which puts the focus of the game on fast reaction time and raw strategy rather than on economics. He said Z lacks the longevity of its nearest competition, since it has relatively few missions and the two sides use the same units, but is "a very good, original game that's enjoyable in its own right" with its AI, interface, and multiplayer mode all being strong assets. PC Zone magazine described Z as "a brilliant strategy game that is so hard you can't help but get value for money from it ... Like all Bitmap Bros' games, there are loads of little touches that will amuse you, from the incompetent piss-head droids in the cut-scenes, flying you from level to level and crashing on the people flagging them in, to the voice which says, when you're struggling, 'You are so crap'." Computer Gaming World gave it a 3.5/5, and called it an "excellent quick-'n'-dirty version of Command & Conquer, stripped down for speed and playability." They said that "if you don't mind a game that's on the short side, and you are a real-time tactical game lover with a good sense of humor, then buckle into your computer chair, dude, and crack open a cold can of Rocket Fuel, because Z is going to be your favorite letter." Reviewing the Saturn port, Sega Saturn Magazines Lee Nutter gave the AI for both friendly and enemy troops the highest of praise, and also commented on the addictiveness of the gameplay and the effectiveness of the point-and-click controls. However, he rated it the weakest of the three war simulators available for the Saturn in Europe, citing its short length, lack of multiplayer, and comparatively shallow gameplay. According to Sega Saturn Magazine, "The PC version was a hit (despite being released on the same day as Quake)". The re-release by Tick Tock Games received a negative review from Softpedia, which criticized the lack of modern enhancements, arguing that both the gameplay and graphics of Z had aged badly. ==Legacy== ===ZZone=== During a period of no official support, the game was 'kept alive' with the help of an unofficial fan website called ZZone. The fan community created fan fixes for Z95 support past Windows 95. It also data mined for the original graphic and sound assets from the game. ===The Zod Engine (Remake)=== The Zod Engine is an actively developed open source remake of the game. Its main focus is to provide a cross platform friendly source base which is multiplayer oriented. Considering that the original is easily available the developers of the Zod Engine decided not to focus their efforts on the single player aspect but instead to make single player merely an option of multiplayer. The Zod Engine currently entails almost all of the original features and gameplay of the original game and is in a Beta stage. It is derived out of the efforts of the hackers at the ZZone website and is available at SourceForge.http://zod.sourceforge.net/ The Zod Engine has had an article written about it by the magazine Linux Format June 2011. ==References== ==External links== * *Z at GameSpy *The Zod Engine Category:1996 video games Category:Android (operating system) games Category:BlackBerry PlayBook games Category:Classic Mac OS games Category:DOS games Category:GT Interactive games Category:IOS games Category:Krisalis Software games Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games Category:PlayStation (console) games Category:Real- time strategy video games Category:Sega Saturn games Category:Sony Interactive Entertainment games Category:The Bitmap Brothers games Category:Video games about robots Category:Video games developed in the United Kingdom Category:Video games set on fictional planets Category:Virgin Interactive games Category:Windows games
+The Z 23000 was a type of railcar run by the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP). The trains, better known during their 50 years of service as the "automotrices Z" (English: Z railcars), were brought in from 1934 to serve la Ligne de Sceaux in the southern suburbs of Paris, which had been modernized and electrified by 1937. The Z 23000 were built with identical motors and were the first generation of modern self-propelled locomotive technology engineered for the future regional metro network, which would not be created until forty years later under the name Reseau Express Regional (RER). == History == In 1930, the CMP ordered the Z 23000, intended to be suitable for reliable and efficient suburban service on the Sceaux Line, which was being radically modernized and electrified at the time of the order. These new railcars introduced several new features, including four pairs of doors per side (similar to equipment used on the Paris Métro) allowing for faster passenger boarding at stations, high platform boarding, longer cars without significant gaps at curved platforms, light construction for faster acceleration and simple, reliable electrical equipment. The railcars were equipped with a pantograph for capturing the 1.5 kV DC power from overhead catenary lines. The Z 23000 railcars were ordered in several installments: the first phase in 1934, built by the Forges et ateliers de constructions électriques de Jeumont company, followed by a second order in 1937, a third in 1942 and a fourth in June 1950. Similarly, the commercial implementation of the railcars was also rolled out in multiple phases between November 1937 and December 1938 (for the first two series) on the Sceaux Line, which had just been modernised and electrified. Two final orders were placed in 1959 for 21 engines and in 1961 for a further 25. A total of 148 railcars were built over a period of almost 30 years. The Z 23000 also played a part in the integration of the Sceaux and the RER B Lines in 1977, initially extending to Châtelet-Les Halles. They received some technical improvements at this time to accommodate the steeper gradients on the new tracks for the RER B. The line has a north–south ramp with a gradient of 40 per thousand. RATP engineers tested the railcars on the Line A ramp between Le Vésinet et Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The brakes needed replacing, and the wheels were upgraded to monoblock (there were also some spoke wheels.) However the Z 23000, designed for a continuous 1500 V current, had limited functionality on the RER B because north of Gare du Nord the line was electrified using SNCF's incompatible 25 kV AC system. Because of this, the RATP ordered the MI 79 (French: Matériel d'Interconnexion de 1979, English: interconnection rolling stock of 1979) trainsets for the RER B, which could use both electric systems (interconnect). === Withdrawal === Because of these issues, the Z 8100 (or MI 79) model was brought in. The RATP planned to withdraw the Z 23000 from service by 1983, but technical issues with the MS 61 (which would soon operate exclusively on the RER A) forced 24 trains of the then-new MI 79 to leave the RER B to make up for the shortfall. Withdrawal actually began in 1984, but the process was slowed down by a cold wave in 1985–86, which caused technical issues with the MI 79 fleet, forcing the surviving Z 23000 units to make up for the shortfall. The withdrawal of the Z 23000 was necessary to free up the terminus tracks at Gare du Nord for the opening of the first section of the RER D on 27 September, as well as the opening of the Saint-Michel – Notre-Dame platforms in the following year: although the Z 23000 was upgraded to climb a 4.08% gradient from to Châtelet, the momentum would have been lost if the train stopped at Saint Michel. The last Z 23000 train ran on 27 February 1987, fifty years after the railcars were introduced on the Sceaux Line, from Gare du Nord to Orsay-Ville. After its official withdrawal from service, two runs took place on the southern part of the line, in 1990 and 1994. == Order list == Order Number purchased Numbering Original owner Ordered Builder Delivered Notes 1 21 Z 23221-241 CMP 1934 Decauville 1937 Delivered in "duck blue" livery 24 Z 23242-265 CFMCF 12 Z 23266-277 2 4 Z 23278-281 CMP 1937 CFMCF ? 14 Z 23451-464 PO 1937 1938 3 5 Z 23282-286 CMP 1942 Brissonneau et Lotz 1947 Delivered in "celtic green" livery 10 Z 23287-296 1949 4 14 Z 23297-310 RATP 20 June 1950 1952 Fluorescent lights instead of chandeliers 5 21 Z 23311-331 2 October 1959 1961 6 25 Z 23332-356 1961 1962 == Preserved examples == The Z 23461 is preserved in its original "duck blue" livery at the Cité du train museum in Mulhouse. The RATP preserves five railcars in the Villeneuve-Saint-Georges reserve. Z 23237 has been restored into the "celtic green" livery, while Z 23342, Z 23312, Z 23326 and Z 23328 were preserved in the same blue and gray livery they had when they were retired. == Photo gallery == MS61 Z23237.jpg|MS 61 (left), Z 23237 (right) preserved at Villeneuve-Saint-Georges Z 23237 cabine conducteur.jpg|Control cab Z 23237 plan ligne.jpg|Route map Z 23237 1er classe.jpg|First class seat Z 23237 lustre.jpg|Chandelier ==References== Category:SNCF multiple units Category:Réseau Express Régional multiple units Category:Electric multiple units of France
+The Z 2N (French: Automotrice Z à 2 niveaux, English: two-level Z series) is a family of double-deck electric multiple unit trainsets that are operated on the Réseau Express Régional (RER), a hybrid suburban commuter and rapid transit system and the Transilien, a suburban commuter rail system, both serving Paris and its Île-de-France suburbs. == Variants == There are five variants of the Z 2N that have been produced: *The Z 5600 is the original version of the Z 2N, it is a single-voltage trainset (1.5 kV DC). 52 trains were built between 1982 and 1985 by , TCF, and TCO. Currently the type is primarily assigned to the RER C line, and the TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté line. *The Z 8800 added dual-voltage capabilities (1.5 kV DC and 25 kV AC). 58 trains were built between 1985 and 1988 by ANF, CIMT, and TCO. Currently the type is assigned to the RER C line, and the Transilien N and U lines. *The Z 20500 is dual-voltage capable and is an improved version of the Z 8800. 194 trains were built between 1988 and 1998 by Alsthom, ANF, and CIMT. Currently the type is assigned to the RER C and D lines, and the Transilien P and R lines. **The Z 92050 is mechanically identical to the Z 20500, but with a different class number because they were purchased by the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region for TER services. The trains were purchased by the Île-de-France region in December 2012 and refurbished to more closely resemble the rest of the Z 20500 class. Six trains were built in 1996 by GEC-Alsthom, ANF, and CIMT. Currently the type is assigned to Transilien Line P. *The Z 20900 is dual- voltage capable and is an improved version of the Z 20500. 54 trains were built between 2001 and 2004 by Alstom and Bombardier. Currently the type is assigned to the RER C. The RENFE Class 450 (built 1988) and CP Class 3500 (built 1999) are also based on the Z 2N family of trains. == Gallery == File:Z5669 (35T) à Vitry par Cramos.JPG|SNCF Z 5600 File:Z8828 01.jpg|SNCF Z 8800 File:2017-06-07 SNCF Class Z 20500, Livrée Transilien at Gare de Fontainebleau - Avon 2.jpg|SNCF Z 20500 File:Z 92050 Arras.jpg|SNCF Z 92050 File:Z20900 sqy.jpg|SNCF Z 20900 File:Ut 450 STVC.jpg|RENFE Class 450 File:Fertagus 3500 (35610075761).jpg|CP Class 3500 == References == Category:Réseau Express Régional multiple units Category:Electric multiple units of France Category:SNCF multiple units
+Z Andromedae is a binary star system consisting of a red giant and a white dwarf. It is the prototype of a type of cataclysmic variable star known as symbiotic variable stars or simply Z Andromedae variables. The brightness of those stars vary over time, showing a quiescent, more stable phase and then an active one with a more pronounced variability and stronger brightening and/or dimming. ==Binary system== Z Andromedae is a binary star system. The two components have a circular orbit that takes 759 days to complete. The red giant is around twice the mass of the sun and 880 times its luminosity, but its effective temperature is only 2,800 K. The white dwarf is around a thousand times the luminosity of the sun during the quiescent phase, but up to 10 times more luminous during the active phases. Its temperature is as high as 150,000 K when quiescent, but drops below 100,000 K when active. It also spins around its rotation axis every 1,682 seconds and displays a strong magnetic field. The evolved red giant star is losing mass, since radiation pressure overcomes the low gravity on the surface. The outflow of matter is captured by the gravitational field of the white dwarf and falls on its surface in the end. At least during the active phase an accretion disk forms around the white dwarf. ==Variability== thumb|left|Light curve of Z Andromedae, showing a typical outburst in 1986 and the abnormally long active period from 2000 onwards During the quiescent phase, most of the white dwarf luminosity comes from stable hydrogen burning on its surface, and photons emitted this way ionize the wind of the red giant which causes nebular emission. The giant star, however, follows a quasi-periodic activity cycle (similar to the solar cycle) roughly every 7,550 days; when the activity of the star is enhanced, the stellar wind becomes stronger, and in response the white dwarf increases in size and cools, triggering the active phase. In the quiescent phase, the brightness of Z Andromedae is modulated by the orbital period of the system, and can reach a magnitude of mv = 11.3 at minimum. During the active phase Z Andromedae makes luminosity outbursts and can increase its brightness up to a magnitude of mv = 7.7. Eclipses from the red giant are still visible in this phase. During this phase, a shorter periodicity of 685 days is observed; this could be a beat period between the unknown rotation period of the giant star and the orbital period, which arise from the non-spherical outflow of matter from the atmosphere of the giant star. Z Andromedae started an unusually long active phase in September 2000, brightening by several magnitudes multiple times over at least a decade. During the outbursts, irregular brightness variations (up to 0.065 magnitudes) were observed at timescales shorter than a day, interpreted as warping in the accretion disk. If models for this source are correct, it should enter a quiescent phase again in 2020. ==Spectrum== ===Optical=== The spectrum of Z Andromedae has been recognised as extremely peculiar since the early 20th century. Early spectra during a bright period, showing only emission lines against a red continuum, were interpreted as a star embedded in dense nebulosity. As the star's brightness faded, the spectrum lost the high excitation "nebular" lines and developed absorption lines with P Cygni profiles. These spectra were readily identified as being due to a hot nova-like star with a cool companion. Emission lines identified included low ionization states of hydrogen and helium with high ionization states of oxygen and iron. The MK spectral classification is typical of a cool giant, for example M4.5. The exact spectral type has been shown to vary, for example between M5 in 1987 and M3.5 in 1989. Infrared observations gave a combination spectral type of M2III + B1eq. Here the luminosity class of III is for a normal giant star, and the peculiarity codes eq indicate emission lines with P Cygni profiles. ===Ultraviolet=== Z Andromedae shows also a strong ultraviolet emission, which follows the optical behaviour; absorption lines identified during the quiescent phase becomes emission lines during outbursts. Elements identified in this region of the spectrum are carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon in their ionized states. ===Radio=== The radio flux from Z Andromedae at the beginning of outbursts is lower than the usual quiescent level, and has a maximum after the optical one. After the outbursts, radio jets can be seen flowing out of this system, in a direction perpendicular to the orbital plane. ===X-ray=== Z Andromedae is much fainter in X-ray, and has not been detected when in the quiescent phase. During outbursts, X-ray emission comes from shock-heated plasma, where the kinetic energy of the outflowing material is converted in X-ray radiation. This emission "mimics" a blackbody radiation with a temperature different from the one of the white dwarf, but its real nature can be identified because it shows absorption edges (which shows also the presence of neon) and an excess at high frequencies. ==Bipolar jets== Following the 2006 outburst, the hydrogen Balmer emission lines included faint wings at a velocity of ±1,150 km/s. Since extended radio outflows had previously been seen during the long 2000-2002 outbursts, collimated jets along the axis of the system were the most likely explanation for this phenomenon. It is thought that the jets are only present during bright outbursts. The jets were observed again during subsequent outbursts; their velocity is highly variable at the beginning but settles on a constant velocity after roughly 1 month. A single jet can also occur. The jets could be formed by material that cannot accrete on the white dwarf that reaches the Eddington limit. ==References== ==Further reading== * * * * * * * * * * ==External links== * Image Z Andromedae * AAVSO chart for Z Andromedae * AAVSO long-term light curve of Z And * Z Andromedae: The Prototype of the Symbiotic Class AAVSO 221650 Category:Z Andromedae variables Category:Andromeda (constellation) Andromedae, Z Category:M-type giants J23333994+4849059 116287 Category:Durchmusterung objects Category:IRAS catalogue objects
+Z Apodis (Z Aps) is a variable star in the constellation of Apus. It has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 10.8 and 12.8, over a period of 39.37 days. Although described in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as a cataclysmic variable star, it appears that it is a pulsating variable star, and has been classed as an RV Tauri variable star, type RVa. Other sources classify it is a type II (W Virginis) Cepheid. ==References== Category:Apus Category:RV Tauri variables Apodis, Z J14065484-7122167
+The IBM System z Application Assist Processor (zAAP), previously known as the zSeries Application Assist Processor, is a mainframe processor introduced by IBM in 2004. zAAP engines"Engine" is the common name for a primary mainframe CPU. Mainframes contain numerous secondary assist processors, so the use of "engine" to refer to a primary workload processor is an attempt to avoid confusion with these I/O, network, and other assist processors. are dedicated to running specific Java and XML workloads under z/OS, accelerating performance. zAAPs are available for zSeries 990 and 890 servers and later zSeries and zEnterprise models. Beginning with the IBM z13, the zAAP functionality is integrated with zIIP processors (zAAP on zIIP). Currently a zAAP engine contains the same underlying hardware as any other mainframe engine. However, IBM uses microcode to limit code execution to Java and XML workloads only. As with Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) and zIIP, zAAPs are not specifically optimized to run Java faster or better. IBM does not change the "software model" or MSU rating on its mainframes with the installation of zAAPs. Consequently, IBM's customers do not incur software license charges for their zAAPs, reducing their costs of running Java- and XML-oriented applications. The number of zAAPs cannot exceed the number of central processors (CPs, general purpose engines) within a zSeries/z9 machine. IBM made the zAAP feature (i.e. the microcode) generally available on June 30, 2004, although the required z/OS release was not generally available until September 24, 2004. zAAPs work with z/OS V1R6 and higher, and Java 1.4.1 and higher. IBM modified the z/OS dispatcher and Workload Manager (WLM) to switch pure Java workload to the dedicated engines. These modifications are completely transparent to Java applications. However, because Java must at least occasionally call native system services (I/O services, for example), some conventional processor (CP) capacity must be available to initiate and sustain a zAAP engine. Major software subsystems that could benefit from zAAP (i.e. that rely on Java workloads) include WebSphere Application Server, WebSphere Business Integration Server Foundation, WebSphere Process Server, WebSphere Message Broker, Db2, CICS Transaction Server, CICS Transaction Gateway, IMS, and (JZOS and z/OS UNIX System Services) Batch, among others. In 2007, IBM added zAAP support to the XML System Services for z/OS, so now products such as DB2 9 for z/OS can also take advantage of zAAPs for XML- related processing. The first commercial production workload for zAAP began on September 1, 2004, at an undisclosed Midwestern U.S. insurance company performing claims processing. The company used Java 1.4.2, WebSphere Application Server Version 5.1, and a near-final z/OS V1R6 build on a zSeries 990 (2084-304/A08 with two zAAPs). This deployment is probably a mainframe record for speed of both development and adoption, since IBM only began its zAAP design project in 2003. ==Support for zAAPs== Third-party independent software vendors (ISVs) have introduced support for execution of their products on zAAP Specialty Engines by using Java or XML Services toolkit from IBM. For example, Ivory Server for z/OS and Ivory Server for CICS from GT Software, Inc. provide zAAP support for XML parsing using the optional IBM z/OS XML Services feature. The Ivory Server for Java will also take advantage of the zAAP in addition to supporting zIIP and the Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL). == See also == * Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) * zIIP == References == == External links == * Category:IBM mainframe technology Category:Java enterprise platform
+thumb|right| A Z Battery was a short range anti-aircraft weapon system, launching diameter rockets from ground-based single and multiple launchers, for the air defence of Great Britain in the Second World War. The rocket motors were later adapted with a new warhead for air-to-ground use as the RP-3. ==Development== The solid-fuel 3 inch (76 mm) rocket used by the Z Batteries was known as the UP-3 (Unrotated Projectile) and had been developed in the late 1930s by the Projectile Development Establishment at Fort Halstead in Kent under the direction of Alwyn Crow. The naval weapon had been enthusiastically backed by Winston Churchill when he was First Lord of the Admiralty at the outbreak of war. By June 1940, Churchill was Prime Minister and he requested "large supplies of [rocket] projectors" for the anti-aircraft defence of the mainland. The development of British rockets was under the control of Professor Frederick Lindemann and he enthusiastically backed Churchill's suggestion. The naval weapon was intended to bring down low-flying aircraft with a trailing wire, at the end of which was an explosive mine; the land-based system was intended to have a high explosive warhead, detonated by a specially designed photoelectric (PE) proximity fuse. The rocket was propelled by special solvent-free cordite, which was initially manufactured at ROF Bishopton in Scotland; in December 1940, a new propellant factory was commissioned at Ranskill, which was in production by the start of 1942. By August 1940, more than 7,000 rocket projectors were available to Anti-Aircraft Command but output of the rockets lagged and by April only 18,600 had been made, of which Anti-Aircraft Command was allocated 8,400, preference being granted to the Admiralty; the command was only able to operate 840 launchers with ten rockets apiece. In October 1940, an experimental Z Battery became operational at Cardiff in South Wales under the command of Major Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. Trials against a radio-controlled Queen Bee target aircraft were successful, although the Director of Artillery at the Ministry of Supply suspected that the results were "fixed". Despite this Churchill and Lindemann drove the project forward and by 1942, 2.4 million rockets were being produced annually. ==Service== thumb| The first Z Batteries were equipped with a single-rocket launcher, the Projector, 3-inch, Mark 1. It was soon found that the rockets did not perform as accurately as the trials had suggested and that the proximity fuses were rarely effective. Salvo-fire was introduced and projectors capable of firing an ever-larger number of rockets were developed. The Projector, 3-inch, No 2, Mk 1 was a twin launcher and the No 4 Mk 1 and Mk 2 fired ripples of 36 rockets. During the Battle of Britain in an attack on RAF Kenley by Dornier Do 17 bombers, AC2 David Roberts brought down one of the two attacking aircraft destroyed, using the RAF's newest anti-aircraft weapon, a line of twenty-five rockets that deployed a barrage of cables suspended on parachutes. This weapon, the naval version of the Z Barrage, was an example of the hodge-podge of weapons issued to the RAF in the early war years. The other Dornier 17 was shot down by Corporal John Miller of the Scots Guards, using a Lewis gun; both men were awarded the Military Medal. From early 1942, the manning of Z Batteries began to be transferred to the Home Guard, as the equipment was comparatively simple to operate and the rounds were lighter. The age limit for Home Guards to work on Z Batteries was 60, whereas it was 40 for those posted to conventional anti- aircraft guns and coast defence batteries, because of the heavier ammunition. ==Ground attack version== The No 2 and No 4 projectors were used in the North African Campaign, mounted on converted QF 3-inch 20 cwt gun trailers. The emergency use of a No 4 projector against an Axis infantry attack in that theatre provided the inspiration for the No 8 Projector, better known as the Land Mattress, a surface-to-surface rocket system, used by the Canadian Army in 1945. The UP-3 rocket was also developed into the RP-3 air-to-ground anti- tank rocket. == See also == * AA Mine Discharger, a Japanese anti-aircraft mortar. * Holman Projector, a steam-powered anti-aircraft grenade launcher. * Henschel Hs 297 / 7.3 cm Föhn-Gerät, a German anti-aircraft rocket system. * Bethnal Green disaster == Footnotes == ==References== ==Bibliography== * * * * * * == External links == * A Brief Assessment of the role of Fort Halstead in Britain's early Rocket Programmes and the Atomic Bomb Project * BBC : "Z" Battery, Rocket AA in Hyde Park by Lionel Francis * Memories of the Home Guard * Underground Kent - Z Rocket Category:Anti-aircraft weapons Category:World War II weapons of the United Kingdom Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1940
+Z Battery RA was a Battery of 5th Regiment Royal Artillery in the Royal Artillery. It had the Surveillance and Target Acquisition role and was equipped with various weapon platform locating equipment using radars and acoustic sound ranging assets. ==Early history== ===First formation=== Z Battery was originally raised in Poona, India on 1 April 1824 as 4th Troop, Bombay Horse Artillery, part of the Bombay Presidency Army of the Honourable East India Company. As a result of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British Crown took direct control of India from the East India Company on 1 November 1858 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1858. The Presidency armies transferred to the direct authority of the British Crown and its European units were transferred to the British Army. Henceforth artillery, the mutineers most effective arm, was to be the sole preserve of the British Army (with the exception of certain Mountain Artillery batteries). On 19 February 1862, the Bombay Horse Artillery transferred to the Royal Horse Artillery as its 4th Brigade and 4th Troop became D Battery, 4th Horse Brigade, RA. A reorganization of the horse artillery on 13 April 1864 saw 1st Brigade split as A and B Brigades, 2nd Brigade became C Brigade, 3rd Brigade became D Brigade, 4th Brigade became E Brigade, and 5th Brigade became F Brigade. As battery designations were tied to the brigade the battery was assigned to, the battery was now designated D Battery, E Brigade, the first of a bewildering series of redesignations. From 1866, the term "Royal Horse Artillery" appeared in Army List hence the battery was designated D Battery, E Brigade, RHA from about this time. Throughout this period, the battery was based at Ahmednager. On 1 February 1871 it was designated H Battery, C Brigade, became H Battery, D Brigade on 16 January 1873 and E Battery, E Brigade on 1 April 1875. Another reorganization on 1 July 1877 saw E Brigade disbanded with its batteries distributed amongst A, B and C Brigades. The battery was now redesignated E Battery, C Brigade at Aldershot. By January 1882, the battery was at Kirkee. On 1 April 1882, C Brigade was in its turn disbanded with its batteries distributed amongst A and B Brigades. The battery was now redesignated N Battery, A Brigade at Canterbury. The battery took partas N/A Battery in the Anglo-Egyptian War, notably the Battle of Tel el-Kebir in September 1882. The battery was disbanded in February 1884. The brigade system was abolished on 1 July 1889. From now on, RHA batteries would be designated in a single sequence. ===Reformed=== Z Battery, RHA was reformed on 13 February 1900. The Brigade system was revived on 1 March 1901 and the battery was assigned to the 4th Brigade-Division, RHA on formation (along with AA Battery, RHA). In 1903, the brigade was redesignated IV Brigade, RHA and was stationed at Newbridge in Ireland. On 1 October 1906, the brigade was redesignated XIV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery and was broken up on 1 August 1913. The battery was transferred to II Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery at Canterbury and was disbanded again on 24 December 1913. ==World War I== ===(Tempy) Z Battery=== As a result of the action at Néry on 1 September 1914, L Battery, RHA was almost destroyed as an operational unit: of five Officers, three were killed and two wounded; of 200 Other Ranks, 20 were killed and 29 wounded; and five of six 13 pounders were lost. It had to be withdrawn to England to reform. (Tempy) Z Battery, RHA was formed on 1 September from the Centre and Left Sections of I Battery, RHA to replace L Battery in VII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery, 1st Cavalry Division. On 3 September, the Left Section of I Battery was replaced by a section of D Battery, RHA. On 15 September, this section returned to D Battery and on 17 September a section of J Battery, RHA joined. On 27 September, the sections of I and J returned to their batteries and (Tempy) Z Battery ceased to exist. The next day, H Battery, RHA joined 1st Cavalry Division in its place. During the battery's brief existence, 1st Cavalry Division saw action in the First Battle of the Marne and the First Battle of the Aisne. ===Z Battery=== Z Battery, RHA was reformed on 9 October 1914 equipped with six 13 pounders. It joined the Ipswich based G Battery and O Battery in V Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery. V Brigade, RHA was assigned to 8th Division on formation in October 1914. With 8th Division, it crossed to France on 4 and 5 November 1914 and served with the division on the Western Front until January 1917. While with the division, it served in the battles of Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, and of the Somme. On 8 June 1915, the battery was re-armed with six 18 pounders. On 13 January 1917, V Brigade, RHA left 8th Division and became V Army Brigade, RHA. At the Armistice, it was serving as Army Troops with the Fourth Army. By October 1919, the battery had joined the newly reformed VIII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery. On 4 January 1920, the battery was absorbed into B Battery, RHA. ==Recent operations== Z Battery deployed on Operation Herrick 13 and 18 in Afghanistan. ==See also== *British Army *Royal Artillery *Royal Horse Artillery *List of Royal Artillery Batteries ==Notes== ==References== ==Bibliography== * * * * * ==External links== * * The Royal Artillery Association * Fire Power Museum Category:Royal Artillery batteries Category:1824 establishments in British India Category:Military units and formations established in 1824
+The Z Bend lookout is a popular tourist lookout on the Murchison River Gorge in Western Australia. It is located at ,Gazetteer of Australia (1996). Belconnen, ACT: Australian Surveying and Land Information Group. about east of Kalbarri, in the Kalbarri National Park. One of four lookouts in the national park, it is situated on a sharp bend in the gorge. The view includes an excellent section through the Tumblagooda Sandstone, a geological sequence of fluvial and coastal deposits over deep. ==Facilities== Picnic seating and toilets are situated next to the car park. From the car park there is a walk of about to the gorge lookout. There is then a climb of about to the bed of the Murchison River. ==References== Category:Tourist attractions in Western Australia Category:Landforms of Western Australia
+Elizabeth Anne "Z" Berg (born June 28, 1986) is an American musician. She was a founding member, guitarist, and lead vocalist of the indie rock group the Like. Berg's father is former Geffen Records A&R; exec/record producer Tony Berg. ==Musical career== Berg co-founded the Like along with members Charlotte Froom and Tennessee Thomas at the age of 15. Following the hiatus of the Like in 2011, Berg formed the band JJAMZ along with James Valentine (Maroon 5), Jason Boesel (Bright Eyes/Rilo Kiley), Alex Greenwald (Phantom Planet), and Michael Runion.KROQ: JJAMZ’s Z. Berg Made A Suicide Pact With Friends, Isn’t Afraid To Jump. October 23, 2012. Accessed February 16, 2014. Their debut album, Suicide Pact, was released on July 10, 2012, via Dangerbird Records.Spin: JJAMZ, 'Suicide Pact' (Dangerbird). July 16, 2012. Accessed February 16, 2014. Following Valentine's departure from the band it was renamed Phases, and a new record, For Life, was released under the new name and lineup on September 18, 2015. Music critic Dan Cairns described her voice as "Björk meets Harriet Wheeler". In 2018, Z Berg released four songs as a solo artist, "I Fall For the Same Face Every Time" and "I Go to Sleep" (released February 25, 2018) and "Time Flies" (released 11 May 2018). She also directed the music video for "Time Flies." Z Berg released the music video for her song "All out of Tears" on 26 September 2018 and the single was released on music platforms on 2 October 2018. In December 2018, Berg collaborated with Ryan Ross on the Christmas single "The Bad List". September 30, 2019 marked the first show of The Dead End Kids Club tour, a 7 show tour that she performed on alongside Ryan Ross, Dan Keyes, and Palm Springsteen. The tour concluded with a Halloween show in San Francisco on October 28, 2019. Berg released her first solo album, Get Z to a Nunnery, in July 2020. ==Discography== ;Studio albums * Get Z to a Nunnery (2020) ;EP * Covers and Love Letters: Screaming into the Void (2021) ;Digital singles * "I Fall For the Same Face Every Time" * "I Go to Sleep" (2018) * "Time Flies" (2018) * "All Out of Tears" (2018) * "The Bad List" (featuring Ryan Ross) (2018) ==References== ==External links== * Category:Living people Category:American women singer-songwriters Category:Singer-songwriters from California Category:1986 births Category:Crossroads School alumni Category:21st-century American women singers Category:21st-century American singers Category:Phases (band) members Category:The Like members
+Z Brewer, previously known as Zac Brewer (born Heather Brewer; September 21, 1973), is an American writer of young adult fiction. Their debut series, The Chronicles of Vladimir Tod, was published by Dutton Juvenile. == Personal life == Brewer grew up with a history of being bullied, which led them to become an anti-bullying and mental health awareness advocate. Brewer lives in Missouri with their husband, child, and four cats. == Publications == ===The Chronicles of Vladimir Tod=== * Eighth Grade Bites (Dutton Juvenile, 2007) * Ninth Grade Slays (Dutton Juvenile, 2008) * Tenth Grade Bleeds (Dutton Juvenile, 2009) * Eleventh Grade Burns (Dutton Juvenile, February 9, 2010) * Twelfth Grade Kills (Dutton Juvenile, September 19, 2010) ===The Slayer Chronicles=== A spin-off trilogy of the Vladimir Tod series. * First Kill (Dutton Juvenile, September 20, 2011) * Second Chance (Dutton Juvenile, October 16, 2012) * Third Strike (Dutton Juvenile, February 20, 2014) ===Legacy of Tril=== * Soulbound (Dial Books, June 19, 2012) ‘’Soulbroken’’ ===Stand-alone novels=== * The Cemetery Boys (HarperCollins, March 31, 2015) * The Blood Between Us (HarperCollins, May 3, 2016) *Madness (Harper Teen, September 19, 2017) *Into the Real (HarperCollins, October 6, 2020) === Short stories and anthologies === * The Ghost of Ben Hargrove (HarperCollins, October 7, 2014) * Foretold: 14 Tales of Prophecy and Prediction (Delacorte Press, August 28, 2012) * Dear Bully: Seventy Authors Tell Their Stories (HarperCollins, September 6, 2011) * Eternal: More Love Stories with Bite (Smart Pop, November 2, 2010) * Fear: 13 Stories of Suspense and Horror (Dutton Books for Young Readers, September 2, 2010) ==References== ==External links== * Category:1973 births Category:21st- century American novelists Category:American bloggers Category:American children's writers Category:American writers of young adult literature Category:Living people Category:Video bloggers Category:American LGBT writers Category:21st-century American male writers
+Z Cam may refer to: * Z Camelopardalis, a dwarf nova in the Camelopardalis constellation * ZCam, a brand of 3D time-of-flight camera products in the 2000s by 3DV Systems
+Z Camelopardalis (Z Cam) is a cataclysmic variable star system in the northern constellation of Camelopardalis. It has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 9.8 and 14.5. This system is the prototype star for the family of Z Camelopardalis variable stars: dwarf novae with standstills at a brightness intermediate between their maxima and minima. It may be the same bright nova that was recorded by Chinese astrologers in the autumn of 77 BCE. Z Camelopardalis was discovered photographically in 1904 by Henry Park Hollis during work for the Astrographic Catalogue. It is surrounded by an extensive shell thought to have been ejected in a nova explosion, the largest known of its type. The size and expansion of this shell sets a firm lower limit since the last eruption of at least 220 years. ==Gallery== File:Z Camelopardalis light curve.png|Z Camelopardalis light curve showing a characteristic standstill interrupting the otherwise regular eruptions File:Gas Shell Around Z Cam.jpg|Gas shell Around Z Camelopardalis File:Z Camelopardalis GALEX.jpg|Z Camelopardalis in ultraviolet ==References== ==External links== * Category:G-type main-sequence stars Category:Dwarf novae Category:Camelopardalis Camelopardalis, Z J08251318+7306391
+Z Canis Majoris (Z CMa) is a B-type star in the constellation of Canis Major. It has an average apparent visual magnitude of approximately 10, though has brightened by 1-2 magnitudes in irregular outbursts in 1987, 2000, 2004 and 2008. The star is a complex binary system only 300,000 years old with two main components separated by an estimated 100 astronomical units (AU) or 0.1" as seen from Earth. The southeast component is an FU Orionis star (a type of pre- main-sequence star in a phase of very high mass accretion resulting in an accretion disk which dominates the optical spectrum) that is 1300 times as luminous as the Sun, has 3 times its mass and 13 times its diameter and a surface temperature of 10,000 K. The northwest component is a Herbig Ae/Be star that has been calculated to be 12 times as massive as the Sun with 1690 times its diameter, and shining with 2400 times its luminosity, though there is some uncertainty about its properties. It is enveloped in an irregular roughly spherical cocoon of dust that has an inner diameter of 20 and outer diameter of 50 AU. The cocoon has a hole in it through which light shines that covers an angle of 5 to 10 degrees of its circumference. Both stars are surrounded by a large envelope of in-falling material that left over from the original cloud that formed the system. Both stars are emitting jets of material, that of the Herbig Ae/Be star being much larger - up to 11.7 light- years (3.6 parsecs) long. It is unclear whether the most recent (and brightest) brightening in 2008 was due to the Herbig Ae/Be star increasing in luminosity or a hole appearing in the cocoon. ==References== Category:FU Orionis stars Category:Herbig Ae/Be stars Category:Canis Major Category:B-type stars 053179 034042 Canis Majoris, Z Category:Durchmusterung objects
+Z Carinae and z Carinae are designations referring to stars in the constellation Carina. The Bayer designation z Carinae (z Car) is shared by two stars in the constellation Carina: * HD 96566 (z1 Carinae), the brighter of the pair, often referred to as simply z Carinae * V371 Carinae (z2 Carinae) They are separated by 0.53° on the sky. The variable star designation Z Carinae is used by the star HD 88946, a 10.20m Mira variable. Category:Carina (constellation) Carinae, z
+Z Chamaeleontis (abbreviated Z Cha) is a dwarf nova variable star system approximately 377 light-years away from the Sun, where two stars orbit each other every 1.78 hours. The system comprises an eclipsing white dwarf and red dwarf and possibly a yet unconfirmed third low-mass substellar companion. == Substellar companion == Dai et al. (2009) invoke the presence of a third object to explain orbital period variations with an apparent periodicity of roughly 28 years. The third body could yield a minimum mass 20 times greater than Jupiter and be located 9.9 Astronomical Units away from the dwarf nova, being likely a low-mass brown dwarf. thumb|left|Possible makeup of the Z Chamaeleontis Star system. == See also == * HW Virginis * NN Serpentis * OY Carinae == References == Category:Chamaeleon Category:Eclipsing binaries Category:Dwarf novae Category:Hypothetical planetary systems Chamaeleontis, Z Category:White dwarfs Category:M-type main-sequence stars

app.py ADDED Viewed

	@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@

+from Functions.write_stream import user_data
+import streamlit as st
+from llama_index.core import SimpleDirectoryReader, VectorStoreIndex, ServiceContext
+from llama_index.llms.llama_cpp import LlamaCPP
+from llama_index.llms.llama_cpp.llama_utils import messages_to_prompt, completion_to_prompt
+from langchain.embeddings.huggingface import HuggingFaceEmbeddings
+directory = "temp/"
+documents = SimpleDirectoryReader(directory).load_data()
+llm = LlamaCPP(
+# You can pass in the URL to a GGML model to download it automatically
+model_url='https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.1-GGUF/resolve/main/mistral-7b-instruct-v0.1.Q2_K.gguf',
+# optionally, you can set the path to a pre-downloaded model instead of model_url
+model_path=None,
+temperature=0.75,
+max_new_tokens=256,
+# llama2 has a context window of 4096 tokens, but we set it lower to allow for some wiggle room
+context_window=3900,
+messages_to_prompt=messages_to_prompt,
+completion_to_prompt=completion_to_prompt,
+verbose=True,
+)
+print("working -3")
+embed_model = HuggingFaceEmbeddings(model_name="thenlper/gte-large")
+print("working -2")
+service_context = ServiceContext.from_defaults(
+    chunk_size= 256,
+    llm=llm,
+    embed_model=embed_model
+)
+print("working -1")
+index = VectorStoreIndex.from_documents(documents, service_context=service_context, show_progress=True)
+print("working 0")
+query_engine = index.as_query_engine()
+###############=============    USER INTERFACE (UI    )###############=============
+st.title("Wiki Bot")
+if "messages" not in st.session_state:
+    st.session_state.messages = []
+for message in st.session_state.messages:
+    with st.chat_message(message["role"]):
+        st.markdown(message["content"])
+prompt = st.chat_input("Enter Your Question:")
+if prompt:
+    with st.chat_message("user"):
+        st.markdown(prompt)
+    st.session_state.messages.append({"role":"user","content":prompt})
+    reply= query_engine.query(prompt)
+    response = user_data(function_name=reply)
+    with st.chat_message("assistant"):
+        st.write_stream(response)
+    print("working!!")
+    st.session_state.messages.append({"role":"assistant","content":reply})

requirements.txt ADDED Viewed

	@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@

+langchain
+sentence-transformers
+transformers
+llama-index
+llama-cpp-python
+llama-index-llms-llama-cpp
+llama-index-embeddings-langchain
+streamlit