Knowledge Base/l.txt

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L, or l, is the twelfth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is el (pronounced ), plural els."L" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989) Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. (1993); "el", "ells", op. cit. ==History== Egyptian hieroglyph Phoenician lamedh Etruscan L Greek Lambda Latin L S39 x25px x25px x35px Latin L Lamedh may have come from a pictogram of an ox goad or cattle prod. Some have suggested a shepherd's staff. ==Use in writing systems== ===Phonetic and phonemic transcription=== In phonetic and phonemic transcription, the International Phonetic Alphabet uses to represent the lateral alveolar approximant. ===English=== In English orthography, usually represents the phoneme , which can have several sound values, depending on the speaker's accent, and whether it occurs before or after a vowel. The alveolar lateral approximant (the sound represented in IPA by lowercase ) occurs before a vowel, as in lip or blend, while the velarized alveolar lateral approximant (IPA ) occurs in bell and milk. This velarization does not occur in many European languages that use ; it is also a factor making the pronunciation of difficult for users of languages that lack or have different values for it, such as Japanese or some southern dialects of Chinese. A medical condition or speech impediment restricting the pronunciation of is known as lambdacism. In English orthography, is often silent in such words as walk or could (though its presence can modify the preceding vowel letter's value), and it is usually silent in such words as palm and psalm; however, there is some regional variation. ===Other languages=== usually represents the sound or some other lateral consonant. Common digraphs include , which has a value identical to in English, but has the separate value voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (IPA ) in Welsh, where it can appear in an initial position. In Spanish, represents [ʎ], [j], [ʝ], [ɟʝ], or [ʃ], depending on dialect. A palatal lateral approximant or palatal (IPA ) occurs in many languages, and is represented by in Italian, in Spanish and Catalan, in Portuguese, and in Latvian. In Washo, lower-case represents a typical [l] sound, while upper-case represents a voiceless [l̥] sound, a bit like double in Welsh. ==Other uses== The capital letter L is used as the currency sign for the Albanian lek and the Honduran lempira. It was often used, especially in handwriting, as the currency sign for the Italian lira. Historically, it was commonly used as a currency sign for the British pound sterling (to abbreviate the Latin , a pound); in modern usage it has been overtaken by the pound sign (£), which is based on it. The Roman numeral L represents the number 50. In recent years, the letters L and W have become an internet meme, respectively standing for loss and win. L, in particular, is commonly used in popular culture, often referring to the slang definition of ownership. Take the L, respectively, means to accept this particular defeat. ==Forms and variants== In most sans-serif typefaces, the lowercase letter ell , written , may be difficult to distinguish from the uppercase letter "eye" ; in some serif typefaces, the glyph may be confused with the glyph , the digit one. To avoid such confusion, some newer computer fonts (such as Trebuchet MS) have a finial, a curve to the right at the bottom of the lowercase letter ell. Another means of reducing such confusion used in mathematics, European road signs and in advertisements is to use symbol , which is a cursive, handwriting-style lowercase form of the letter "ell". In Unicode, this symbol is from the "letter-like symbols" block. In Japan, for example, this is the symbol for the liter. However, the International System of Units recommends using Unicode symbols or for the liter. Another solution, sometimes seen in Web typography, uses a serif font for the lowercase letter ell, such as , in otherwise sans-serif text. ==Related characters== ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== *IPA-specific symbols related to L: *IPA superscript symbols related to L: 𐞛 𐞜 *Extensions to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA): 𝼄 𐞝 *Uralic Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to L: and *ₗ : Subscript small l was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 *ȴ : L with curl is used in Sino-Tibetanist linguistics *Ꞁ ꞁ : Turned L was used by William Pryce to designate the Welsh voiced lateral spirant [ɬ] It is also used in the Romic alphabet. In Unicode, these are , and . *𝼦 : Small letter l with mid- height left hook was used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language. *Other variations are used for phonetic transcription: ᶅ ᶩ ᶪ ᶫ 𝼑 𝼓 *Ꝇ ꝇ : Broken L was used in some medieval Nordic manuscripts *Teuthonista phonetic transcription-specific symbols related to R: ** ** ** ** ** *L with diacritics: Ĺ ĺ Ł ł Ľ ľ Ḹ ḹ L̃ l̃ Ļ ļ Ŀ ŀ Ḷ ḷ Ḻ ḻ Ḽ ḽ Ƚ ƚ Ⱡ ⱡ ===Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations=== *ℒ ℓ : Script letter L (capital and lowercase, respectively) *£ : pound sign *₤ : lira sign *Ꝉ ꝉ : Forms of L were used for medieval scribal abbreviations ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== * : Semitic letter Lamedh, from which the following symbols originally derive **Λ λ : Greek letter Lambda, from which the following letters derive ***Л л : Cyrillic letter El ***Ⲗⲗ : Coptic letter Lamda ***𐌋 : Old Italic letter L, which is the ancestor of modern Latin L ****ᛚ : Runic letter laguz, which might derive from old Italic L ***𐌻 : Gothic letter laaz ==Computing codes== : 1 ==Other representations== == References == ==External links== * * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters
The L & N Marine Terminal Building is a historic site in Pensacola, Florida. It is located at Commendencia Street Wharf. On August 14, 1972, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. In 1989, the building was listed in A Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture, published by the University of Florida Press.A Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture, 1989, Gainesville: University of Florida Press, p. 7, ==References== ==External links== * current photo * detailed construction and historical data from the Library of Congress * Escambia County listings at National Register of Historic Places * Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs ** Escambia County listings Category:Buildings and structures in Pensacola, Florida Category:National Register of Historic Places in Escambia County, Florida
L is the 50th single (51st overall) by Japanese singer-songwriter Ayumi Hamasaki, released on 29 September 2010. It is Hamasaki's last release from the three-part project to celebrate fifty singles. Its title, L, is the Roman numeral for fifty. All of the songs from the single EP were recorded in Los Angeles. The single reached number 1, her 38th overall and 25th consecutive overall since "Free & Easy" on April 24, 2002. "L" has received an album certification for more than 100,000 copies shipped by the RIAJ, and the song "Virgin Road" has received a gold digital certification for paid downloads to cellphones. ==Music videos== The videos for Sweet Season and Virgin Road premiered September 27, 2010. The music video for Sweet Season starts with Hamasaki picking up her kids with her car, and driving back home. It shows Hamasaki and her kids having fun at the swimming pool outside their house. Near the end of the video, Hamasaki falls in the swimming pool slowly, with flashbacks of her and her kids. Then, she wakes up at the same place on her sofa, realizing that it was only a dream. She is dressed differently from before, changing from a sweet-looking mother into a weird looking woman, with heavy makeup. The second version of the video features new scenes of Hamasaki and her children in the living room singing, and scenes could be seen rewound. This version was not part of her Love Songs's music videos. The music video for Virgin Road features Austrian actor and model Manuel Schwarz (later to become Hamasaki's real-life husband). Virgin Road was Hamasaki's fifth-most expensive music videos, behind Jewel, Green, Fairyland and My Name's Women. The video's production reportedly cost $1,000,000. The music video was shot in Los Angeles and features Hamasaki and Schwarz getting married. After that, they are seen robbing a bank and gas station. The video represents was Hamasaki's first encounter with large guns. A police chase ensues, and Hamasaki throws the stolen money out of the car. Resting somewhere on the hill, helicopter throw grenades at the couple, but they escape. ==Overview== Hamasaki's 25th consecutive single breaks the record for the most consecutive number 1 singles by any female artist as well as any soloist since Seiko Matsuda in the 1980s; Matsuda's streak of 24 consecutive number-one singles was broken in 1989 when "Precious Heart" reached number 2, only lagging behind "Gravity of Love" by Tetsuya Komuro, who is also a major contributor to Hamasaki's 49th ("Crossroad") and 50th singles. ==Track listing== All lyrics written by Ayumi Hamasaki, except for "Seven Days War", which is a cover version of TM Network's song written by Mitsuko Komuro. === Jacket A === === Jacket B === === Jacket C === === Jacket D === ==Charts== === Oricon Sales Chart === Release Chart Peak position Debut Sales Sales total Chart run September 29, 2010 Oricon Daily Singles Chart 1 34,796 Oricon Weekly Singles Chart 1 70,715 94,573 8 weeks Oricon Monthly Singles Chart 6 92,478 Oricon Yearly Singles Chart 71 ==References== Category:2010 singles Category:Oricon Weekly number-one singles
,Ohba, Tsugumi and Takeshi Obata. "Character File 2: L." Death Note: How to Read 13. Viz Media. 10. known mononymously as L, is a fictional character in the manga series Death Note, created by Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata. He is an enigmatic, mysterious, and highly-esteemed international consulting detective whose true identity and background is kept a secret. He communicates with law enforcement agencies only through his equally inexplicable handler/assistant, Watari, who serves as his official liaison with the authorities. Though his past is shrouded in mystery, he has gained a reputation as arguably the world's greatest detective/criminal profiler. Throughout the series, he observes and spies on the activities of the series' protagonist, Light Yagami, a high school genius. L attempts to expose Light as the infamous serial killer "Kira", who is responsible for massacring high- profile criminals worldwide through apparently supernatural means. As the series progresses, the psychological mind-game between L and Light intensifies, and each becomes bent on uncovering the other's true identity through a series of intricate ploys and schemes. He serves as an ideological and visual foil to Light. ==Creation and conception== Tsugumi Ohba, the writer of the series, created L as a young adult, since he believed the story would not hold much interest if L were significantly older than his opponent, Light. For L's name, he wanted to use a single letter with a lot of significance; he considered "I" and "J", but eventually he chose "L" after careful consideration. Ohba left most of L's character design to Takeshi Obata, artist of the series. Obata asked Ohba if L could be "unattractive". Afterwards Ohba included ideas in his thumbnails, including L's manner of sitting, "he's English", and "he's listless". Ohba added details regarding L's mannerisms and his interests in sweets. Ohba credits Obata for the character designs. Obata commented that L's thumbnails by Ohba had no bags under his eyes, and that he had a "plain face with no expression" which was very useful. Obata drew L as an "attractive young man" until chapter 11, when the character appeared in person. After chapter 11, Obata and Ohba agreed to contrast his appearance with Light's. During the development of the early manga chapters, Obata feared L would appear "so suspicious that Light would know instantly it was L if they ever met". When Obata's editor told him that he wanted L to have a face "looking cool based on the angle", Obata added black bags under L's eyes. Obata cited Devilman's Akira Fudou when stating that he believed that black bags were appealing. In addition, Obata thought of a "dead eyes" concept, which involved L having "all-black eyes" and "mostly no eyebrows". Obata believes that black eyes usually makes a character goofier, but the bags "sharpen the character's gaze". Obata believes that the design evokes "a feeling of mystery" and that the reader cannot determine L's true thoughts. Obata also said that the bags under L's eyes were useful for inspiring speculation about his lifestyle and background. The outfit Obata designed for L was a "simple" white, long-sleeved shirt and jeans, to convey that L does not put thought into choosing his clothing. In Death Note 13: How to Read, Ohba presented an initial rough draft of L and said that, with a "cool expression" and without the bags under his eyes, L looked like a different person. Obata stated that the peculiar traits exhibited by L are best revealed "gradually". Obata added that if he drew L eating "mountains of sweets" before revealing his face, he would not have "much credibility as a super detective" and people would ask if he was "crazy". Both Ohba and Obata chose L as their favorite character from the series, with the former noting him as the "strongest" character in the series besides Light, and the latter due to "appearance, personality, everything". Obata said that he could never have created a character like L and that he enjoyed drawing him. Obata added that because of this, L was not "real" to him and that he liked that aspect of the character. L's fighting style has been described as similar to capoeira. However, Obata has denied considering this when drawing L's fights, saying that he was thinking of the most effective way to kick someone whilst handcuffed. He added that if the style resembles capoeira, then this "adds another element to it" and "that makes me happy". When designing color illustrations, Obata assigned specific colors to the main characters to help "get the atmosphere right"; gold was assigned to L. ===Casting=== In the anime adaptation, he is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi in Japanese, and by Alessandro Juliani in English. He is portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the live-action film series, by Kento Yamazaki in the TV drama, and by Lakeith Stanfield in the American film. ===Film adaptations=== Matsuyama had trouble portraying L and worried about his performance. He reasoned that L rarely interacted with others, and so portrayed him as if he did not "quite understand other people on an emotional level" and had trouble emulating L's postures."The stars ." The Star. Sunday October 29, 2006. Retrieved on December 3, 2009. He also ate sweets like those that L would eat, and considered the details of L's signature gestures."CAST." Sinchew. Retrieved on December 3, 2009. Matsuyama said that he and Tatsuya Fujiwara, the actor portraying Light, became "so immersed" in their character portrayals that they did not speak to one another while on the set; when filming ceased they conversed and "went out for a drink or two". Hideo Nakata, the director of L: Change the World, told The Daily Yomiuri that he wanted to exhibit L's "human side" that was not exhibited in the Death Note series.Kan, Saori. "23 days to live ." The Star. Sunday March 23, 2008. Retrieved on January 25, 2010. ==Appearances== ===In Death Note=== L, who also uses the aliases , , , and , the latter two for which he has developed reputations as the second- and third-best detectives in the world, is a very discreet and secretive individual and only communicates with the authorities through his assistant/representative Watari. He never shows his face to the world, instead representing himself with a capital L in blackletter font. His real name, L Lawliet, is only revealed in the guidebook Death Note 13: How to Read. Whilst presented as an enigmatic, nameless, highly-intelligent, cunning and globally-esteemed international consulting detective, L is revealed to actually be a tall, disheveled and gaunt youth in his 20s with a pale complexion and visible dark circles around his eyes. He is a socially-inept, awkward and somewhat misanthropic recluse. He has many notable quirks and eccentricities, such as holding things with his index finger and thumb, crouching instead of sitting, mostly walking around barefoot, and having an unnatural affinity for sweets, cakes, candies, dairy foods and confectionery foods. He is seen exclusively eating these foods but this diet has no apparent effect on his health and physiology. Even with these eccentricities, he is a highly-skilled, intellectually-astute and brilliant criminologist/crime investigator. He may come off as cold and cynical and often utilizes questionable methods and mostly takes up solving cases out of boredom rather than a sense of duty. However, he does have a strict moral code, is aware of his own flaws and shortcomings and is unwilling to cross morally repugnant standards, unlike Kira. L has spent most of his life dedicating himself to solving crime cases, and hunting down and apprehending notorious criminals and felons around the world. It is implied that he suffers from loneliness, internal torment and low self-esteem, even calling himself "a monster" at one point. He also possesses an unusually high intellect and uncanny skills in strategy, deduction, observation, reasoning and profiling, which have given him a high reputation amongst law enforcement agencies worldwide. At the start of the series, L carries out his own investigation of a series of mysterious serial-killings across the globe, all of which are carried out by an apparent supernatural serial-killer known as "Kira", which is the Japanese transliteration of the English word "killer". After deducing that the serial-killings are all connected and perpetrated by a single mastermind and are sourced from Japan, L allies himself with the Japanese police force and assists them in investigating the murders. Although he strongly suspects the series' protagonist, Light Yagami, a high school genius and the son of detective superintendent Soichiro Yagami, one of the primary members of the Kira investigation allied with L, to be Kira's alter-ego, he is unable to prove his theory, due to lack of evidence, but nonetheless remains suspicious of Light and carefully observes him. The majority of the series' initial focus is on L and Light's complex, cerebral and intricate psychological mind-game of cat and mouse, as both use their wits and intellect in an attempt to outdo the other and expose them. Though L comes very close to exposing Light as Kira, he is eventually killed by Rem before he can do so, but before his death his suspicion is confirmed that Light is Kira. Although L's death regresses the Kira investigation's progress, he had prepared a contingency plan to ensure that someone would continue the work of hunting down and apprehending Kira, by selecting two gifted child orphans to be his potential successors, one of whom eventually succeeds in exposing Light as Kira. Although his true identity and birth name is obscured in mystery throughout the series, L utilizes a number of aliases to maintain his anonymity, such as "Hideki Ryuga" or "Ryuzaki", the latter of which he uses as his primary pseudonym throughout the Kira investigation. Ohba said that L is the most intelligent character in the entire Death Note series because "the plot requires it." ===In film=== L is portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the live-action films that adapt the Death Note manga, with his portrayal and characterization of the character receiving wide praise for being earnestly faithful to his original manga counterpart. Unlike the manga, in the second film, his "death", caused by Rem writing his name in her Death Note, does not take effect, as L had written his own name in Misa's Death Note earlier. In the 2008 movie L: Change the World, which takes place in the 23 days that L has left before he dies, L decides to solve one last case, stopping a bio- terrorist organization led by "K" from spreading a deadly virus around the world. Along the way he meets a girl named Maki, FBI agent Suruga, and a boy whom he names Near. In the course of the film, L grew to have a close relationship with Near and Maki, and while he treats Maki like a younger sister, the girl seemingly became attracted to him. A day before his death, L made Near his successor and entrusted him to be taken care at the same orphanage where he grew up in. In Death Note: Light Up the New World, Kenichi Matsuyama reprises his role as L. He makes a cameo appearance with child Ryuzaki, who inherits his DNA, giving him a lollipop and telling him to not use the Death Note as Ryuzaki promises not to. He is also seen in a CG video that Ryuzaki created. Lakeith Stanfield portrays L in the live-action American film adaptation. In this adaptation, he is shown as an enigmatic, skillful and highly esteemed international consulting detective. He is calm and calculating, yet socially inept and eccentric. He communicates with the authorities only through his handler/assistant, "Watari", and is affiliated with a number of law enforcement agencies such as the FBI, CIA and Interpol. He has earned a reputation for solving numerous cold cases, and takes up the task of apprehending the world-famous serial killer known as "Kira", who is responsible for massacring numerous high-profile criminals around the world through apparently supernatural means. This version of the character retains much of his manga counterpart's traits and characteristics, such as his preference to crouch rather than sit, his fondness for sweets, his socially- awkward, quirky and eccentric personality, and his tendency to hold things with his index finger and thumb. His past also originates from a secluded orphanage, though his real name is given as "Lebensborn Atubia". After deducing Kira's location in Seattle by purposely seeding the names of obscure criminals to "Kira", he assists police detective James Turner, the local head of the "Kira" investigation in Seattle. As the investigation progresses, L deduces that "Kira" needs a name and face to kill his victims and eventually suspects Light Turner, James' teenaged son, is connected to the murders. L obsessively tries to expose him and assigns a group of FBI agents to shadow him, along with other potential "Kira" suspects. As the film progresses, he demonstrates a darker, more aggressive, unstable and morally ambiguous side of his personality, which is intensified by the eventual deaths of the FBI agents (which is attributed to Kira) and Watari's sudden disappearance. L becomes emotionally unstable and attempts to attack Light in his home when he refuses to confess that he is "Kira". L begins his own manhunt for Light when Watari is seemingly murdered by "Kira", and James issues an arrest warrant for L, whom he sees as increasingly unstable. Light hoodwinks the authorities by manipulating a number of criminals to continue carrying out his activities through the Death Note, while inducing himself into a medical coma. This seemingly proves Light's innocence, and L is taken off the case. After deducing Light's girlfriend Mia Sutton's connection with the serial-murders, L finds a hidden page of the Death Note within her home and contemplates writing Light's name in it. Elsewhere, Light is visited by Ryuk, the Death Note's original owner, who comments on how interesting he finds humans. L's background and past is briefly explored in this adaptation. His childhood originates from a secluded and currently abandoned orphanage named the St. Martin's Orphanage. There, he was subjected to a series of tests and experiments as part of a clandestine government project to raise intellectually-gifted orphans into skilled black ops agents. As a result, his mental psyche was severely affected, which explains his unusual quirks and his unstable, irrational behavior in the film's second half. After his training and the institute's subsequent shutdown, L gained a reputation as an expert international detective with the help of Watari, who kept his mental stability in check and acted as a handler. ===In other media=== In the light novel Another Note: The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases, L recruits FBI agent Naomi Misora to investigate a series of murders. While the story includes several phone discussions with him from Misora's perspective, he only appears in person at the end of the novel, when he goes by the name "Ryuzaki" - an alias he appropriates from the novel's serial murderer, Beyond Birthday, who masquerades as L under the alias "Rue Ryuzaki". The light novel also says that L won the aliases Eraldo Coil and Deneuve in a "detective war" with the real Coil and Deneuve. In the musical adaptation, L is portrayed by Teppei Koike in the Japanese version and Kim Junsu in the Korean version. In the demo recording, he was portrayed by Jarrod Spector In the live-action TV drama, L is portrayed by Kento Yamazaki. The miniseries version has a few differences with other versions. His main outfit in the ministries is a white shirt and white trousers. While capturing Higuchi, Light saves L's life from Higuchi's gunshot. Later, while L tells Light that Light had written L's name in a false Death Note and that L will tell others that Light is Kira, Mikami kills L. Then Near takes L's place and follows the videos left by L. L's funeral is shown at the end of the series. ==Reception== Publications from manga and anime have commended L's character. Tom S. Pepirium of IGN describes L as "the coolest, most well developed character in anime today". Pepirium said that the "excellent translation" is responsible for L being a "success" in the English- language dub of Death Note. Anime News Network found that the mental duels between L and Light are appealing to viewers of the series due to how each attempts to discover the identity of the other while at the same time wanting to hide their own. The Hyper staff and Mania Entertainment's Julie Rosato agreed with Martin, with the latter commenting that L's and Light's rivalry as one of the best parts from the series to the point of being something "unique" in a manga. PopCultureShock writer Carlos Alexandre also praised their rivalry, he found L to be "too smart" noting that "some careful listening and application of critical thinking will make apparent the holes in L’s supposedly superhuman logic, holes that simply, given L’s character, should not be there". While reviewing the manga's third volume, Mania Entertainment concludes the article by saying that L "wins this volume; he really drove it forward" due to how close he gets to Light in such little time, which makes Light lose his temper after meeting him despite how calm he normally is. Pepirium adds that Alessandro Juliani, L's voice actor, portrays his slurping and gulping sweets as "somehow non-irritating". Theron Martin has also repeatedly praised Juliani's work, noting that he "captures the eccentric brilliance of L". IGN ranked him as the 12th greatest anime character in 2009, saying that "Every good lead character needs a challenge, and L provided the opposition that the Death Note series required to captivate fans." and ranked him as the 19th greatest anime character in 2014. Manga artist Katsura Hoshino, a former assistant of Takeshi Obata, has said that she likes the way the L is often drawn as he gives the appeal of a chill character. In January 2007, Oricon made a poll in which they asked Japanese fans from manga and anime which characters from any series they would most like to see in spinoff series. The overall winner from the poll was L, who also ranked first in the women's poll and second in the men's poll. In the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation Awards (SPJA) from 2008 Alessandro Juliani was the winner in the category "Best Voice Actor (English)" for his work as L. Kappei Yamaguchi was the winner in the category "Best Voice Actor (Japanese)" from the 2009 SPJA Industry Awards for his work as L. L also won in the category "Best Male Character". In the NEO Awards 2007 from Neo, L won in the category "Best Manga Character". ==See also== * List of Death Note characters ==References== Category:Martial artist characters in anime and manga Category:Comics characters introduced in 2003 Category:Death Note characters Category:Fictional capoeira practitioners Category:Fictional code names Category:Fictional English people Category:Fictional heart attacks Category:Fictional murdered people Category:Fictional private investigators Category:Male characters in anime and manga
L is the stage name of Raphaële Lannadère,"L", tôt Ou tard, publisher website. Accessed on line June 26, 2012. a French singer-songwriter, born February 23, 1981.L (Raphaële Lannadère), evene.fr. Accessed on line June 26, 2012. == Biography == When very young, L sang and gave small concerts for her family. When she was close to 20 years old, with the help of an ethnomusicologist, she studied Gypsy, Corsican, and Bulgarian polyphonic music, as well as gospel and fado, which would affect her music and singing style.Chanson Boum ! 10–11, Hélène Hazéra, "L", franceculture.fr. June 12, 2011; accessed on line June 26, 2012. In 2002, she chose a stage name, L, her initial, and gave her first concert in the basement of a Parisian restaurant, accompanied by the future Babx (David Babin.) Many concerts followed where she performed classics of French song such as Piaf, Ferré, Brel and Barbara, and during which she refined her writing. She also sang with the Brazilians Ricardo Tete and Teofilo Chantre. Her 6-track EP was released in 2008, and broadcast on FIP, France Inter and Europe 1. In 2010, she was invited to the Découvertes du Printemps de BourgesLa jeune L prend son envol, Valérie Lehoux, April 19, 2011, revised December 27, 2011, Télérama; accessed on line June 26, 2012. and to the Chantier des Francos. She wrote for Camelia Jordana. Her first album, Initiale, was released in April 2011. She received the Barbara prize in 2011,Le prix Barbara 2011 est attribué à « L » , ArtéMédia, June 22, 2011. Accessed on line June 26, 2012. as well as the Grand Prix du Disque for French Song.Grands prix du disque et du DVD 2011, 64e Palmarès et Prix Charles Cros des Lyceens . Accessed on line June 26, 2012. == Discography == * Premières Lettres (6 tracks), Karbaoui Rec / Sounds (2008) * Initiale, Tôt ou tard (2011) * L., Tôt ou tard (2015) * Chansons, Tôt ou tard (2018) == References == Category:1981 births Category:French women singer-songwriters Category:French singer-songwriters Category:Living people Category:21st- century French singers
L is the second album by Godley & Creme. It was released in 1978. At 34 minutes, it is less than a third as long as the group's previous effort, the ill-received triple concept album Consequences (1977). Despite this, L was also not received well commercially. The songs contain much variation and artistry, dissonances, complex time signatures and melodies, poetic lyrics, and some echoes from Frank Zappa's Over-Nite Sensation (1973). Zappa is even name-checked on the song "Art School Canteen." The album was played almost completely by Godley and Creme, except for saxophones, and a brief vocal cameo by Paul Gambaccini. The lyrics retained the satirical stance of some 10cc material, with songs such as "The Sporting Life" and "Art School Canteen", which deal with suicide and art school angst. The album cover depicts an "L-plate", used in some countries to designate vehicles with novice drivers ("Learner"). Although the duo were generally known as 'Godley and Creme', the original cover merely repeats their surnames around its perimeter (on the back) and delineates their 'group' name as 'Godley + Creme' on the spine. == Track listing == ;Side 1 # "The Sporting Life" – 7:25 # "Sandwiches of You" – 3:17 # "Art School Canteen" – 3:00 # "Group Life" – 4:11 ;Side 2 # "Punchbag" – 4:44 # "Foreign Accents" – 4:37 # "Hit Factory/Business Is Business" – 7:08 == Personnel == Credits sourced from the original album liner notes and "Sound International" * Kevin Godley – lead and backing vocals, drums (1, 2, 4, 5), xylophone (1, 2, 6), roto-toms (1), percussion (1, 2, 7), congas (3), triangle (4), clavinet (5), high-hat (6), tonal percussion (6), snare drum (6), bongos (7), drum machine (7), bass guitar (4) * Lol Creme – lead and backing vocals, piano (1, 3-7), Rhodes electric piano (1, 4), guitars (1, 2, 4-7), Kramer bass guitar (1, 2, 5-7), Gizmo (1, 3, 5, 7), Farfisa organ (1), Guild 12-string acoustic guitar (3), Guild acoustic bass guitar (3), clavinet (4, 6), drums (7) * Andy Mackay – baritone (7), tenor (6, 7), soprano (7), and alto saxophone (6, 7) * Paul Gambaccini – Bad Samaritan voices (1) * Jonathan Handelsman – alto and soprano saxophones (4) * Chris Gray, Nigel Gray – engineers == References == Category:1978 albums Category:Godley & Creme albums Category:Mercury Records albums
L was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1920 to 1940. ==History== The West 11th and Lincoln Park line began service on May 9, 1920, as a through routing of the San Pedro and W. 11th Street Line and trackage on Main Street. The eastern end of the route formed a large counterclockwise loop through Lincoln Heights, with the complementing clockwise service through the segment routed to the West Adams and Lincoln Park line. It was given the letter designation L in 1921. In August 1924 loop was eliminated, with line now running bi-directional on Mission Place and the A Line taking over tracks on Broadway. That December the west end was rerouted to Spring and Ord Streets. L service took over the branch line which was built to serve the Glendale and Montrose Railway in 1925 — O and E cars initially had served been routed along the line. Tracks between Spring and Main Streets were eliminated in April 1926 to facilitate construction of the new Los Angeles City Hall. The following July, service to the Glendale and Montrose Railway depot was discontinued and the line was rerouted downtown to terminate at Spring and Court Streets. Cars followed a detour on P line tracks at the end of 1927 and routed to Spring and Temple Streets following constriction of the 1st Street Viaduct. On June 12, 1932, the line was rerouted downtown to terminate at Fountain Avenue and Edgemont Street — cars ceased running on Flower Street, 10th Street, Main Street, and Spring Street. Cars were briefly run through the new Hill Street Tunnel in 1939 before again being rerouted downtown. The final iteration of the L line began at Olympic Boulevard and Mullen Street and ended at the Civic Center, running via 10th (which was being rebuilt as Olympic), Country Club, Victoria, Hoover, 11th, Main, and Spring. The western end of the line was cut back to Menlo Avenue in April 1940, shortly before the service was discontinued on May 26. ==Sources== ==External links== * L Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway services introduced in 1920 Category:Railway lines closed in 1940 Category:1920 establishments in California Category:1940 disestablishments in California
L was recorded at several shows from moe.'s Fall 1999 tour, Former drummer Jim Loughlin returned to the band earlier in the year as a multi-instrumental utility man, adding to the drum work of Vinnie Amico. This set features the first released versions of "Can't Seem To Find" and "Captain America", predating their release on Dither by eight months. The album reached a peak position of #29 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart. Jammy Award winner (2000) for best live archival release. ==Track listing== ===Disc one (67:25)=== # Spine of a Dog (Derhak, Garvey, moe.) – 12:54 → #*Nov. 19, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA # Buster (Derhak, moe.) – 10:31 #*Nov. 19, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA # Can't Seem to Find (Schnier) – 5:36 #*Nov. 17, 1999 @ The Joint, Las Vegas, NV # Seat of My Pants (Schnier) – 11:29 #*Nov. 26, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA # Yodelittle (Schnier, moe.) – 15:25 #*Nov. 12, 1999 @ Boulder Theater, Boulder, CO # Plane Crash (Derhak, moe.) – 11:32 #*Oct. 9, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC ===Disc two (73:52)=== # Akimbo (Garvey, moe.) – 8:24 #*Nov. 27, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA # Captain America (Derhak) – 4:36 #*Nov. 20, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA # Meat (Schnier, moe.) – 8:03 #*Nov. 27, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA # St. Augustine (Derhak, moe.) – 10:39 #*Nov. 26, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA # Timmy Tucker (Derhak, moe.) – 23:25 → #*Oct. 8, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC # Recreational Chemistry (Schnier, moe.) – 18:47 #*Oct. 8, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC ==Personnel== moe. :Vinnie Amico - percussion, drums, producer :Rob Derhak - bass, songwriter, vocals, producer :Chuck Garvey - guitars (acoustic, electric), songwriter, vocals, producer :Jim Loughlin - guitar (acoustic), flute, percussion, songwriter, drums, producer :Al Schnier - guitars (acoustic, electric), mandolin, songwriter, vocals, producer Debbie Amico - photography Chris Burrows - production coordination Bil Emmons - engineer Fred Kevorkian - mastering John Siket - producer, mixing ==References== ==External links== *moe.'s webpage *[ All Music link] Category:Jammy Award winners Category:Moe (band) live albums Category:2000 live albums
The L 14th Street–Canarsie Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it serves the BMT Canarsie Line. The L operates at all times between Eighth Avenue in Chelsea, Manhattan, and Rockaway Parkway in Canarsie, Brooklyn. It also briefly enters Queens at Halsey Street, serving the neighborhood of Ridgewood. It is the first New York City Subway service to be automated using communications-based train control. The L commenced its current route and service pattern upon completion of the Canarsie Line in 1928. Express trains formerly ran along the L's trackage in central Brooklyn, running along the BMT Fulton Street Line in eastern Brooklyn, but were discontinued in 1956. Since then, the L has been entirely local. The L was originally the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation's 16 service. The 16 became the LL in 1967 and then the L in 1985. In the early 2000s, the L saw a dramatic increase in ridership since many neighborhoods along the route have experienced gentrification. From April 2019 to April 2020, late-night and weekend L service between Manhattan and Brooklyn was temporarily reduced as part of the 14th Street Tunnel shutdown, which sought to repair damage to the 14th Street Tunnel incurred by Hurricane Sandy in 2012. == History == ===Early history=== ==== 1924−1967 ==== November 26, 1967 – June, 1979 bullet dark gray "LL" train symbol in use from 1967 to 1979 June, 1979 – May 6, 1985 bullet Slate gray "LL" train symbol in use from 1979 to 1985 Original 16 designation for the BMT Canarsie Line service 100px The L was originally given the LL designation when letters were assigned to the BMT division. From 1928 to 1967, the same service was assigned the BMT number 16. In 1924, part of the eventual 14th Street–Canarsie Line opened, called the "14th Street–Eastern District Line" (commonly the "14th Street–Eastern Line"), and was given the number 16. This was extended east, and in 1928 it was joined to the existing BMT Canarsie Line east of Broadway Junction. Since that time, the 14th Street–Canarsie Line service has operated as it is today, except for an extension from Sixth Avenue to Eighth Avenue, which opened on May 30, 1931, to connect to the new Eighth Avenue Subway. The Eighth Avenue Terminal was originally built in IND style and has been restored to BMT style like Fulton Street and Broad Street. During rush hours, express service ran nonstop between Lorimer Street and Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues. (Locals usually ran from Eighth Avenue to Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues or Atlantic Avenue at these times.)Line by line history L train Before the 14th Street–Eastern and Canarsie Lines were connected, the Canarsie part of the line already had a number, 14, running from Lower Manhattan via the Broadway Elevated and called the Canarsie Line. When the 14th Street–Eastern Line was connected in 1928, this was renamed the Broadway (Brooklyn) Line, but continued to operate to Rockaway Parkway. Starting on September 23, 1936, express trains ran to Lefferts Boulevard via the connection with the Fulton Street Elevated at Atlantic Avenue. This connection was severed on April 30, 1956, then the service ran to Rockaway Parkway again, but was discontinued on August 23. The R27 to R38's roll signs had both L and LL for express and local service, even though the express never ran thereafter. ==== 1967−1985 ==== On November 26, 1967, with the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection, the BMT Eastern Division lines were given letters. The 14 to Canarsie was given the label (though the 14 main line was designated , continuing east from Broadway Junction towards Jamaica). On the other hand, the 16 became the LL. Canarsie service to Lower Manhattan was discontinued in 1968. When double letters were dropped on May 5, 1985, the LL became the L, and it still has that designation. === Skip-stop service proposal === In 1991, skip-stop service was proposed to speed service during the height of rush hours in the peak direction which would have reduced the running time from 41 minutes to 37 minutes. Under this plan, the K designation, which was previously used as the Broadway Brooklyn Local from 1967 to 1976, and as the Eighth Avenue Local from 1985 to 1988, would be repurposed and would appear in a gray bullet similar to the color the L uses. Both services would have common stops at Rockaway Parkway, Broadway Junction (then called Eastern Parkway), Myrtle Avenue, Lorimer Street, First Avenue, Union Square, Sixth Avenue and Eighth Avenue. L trains would stop at East 105th Street, Livonia Avenue, Atlantic Avenue, Wilson Avenue, DeKalb Avenue, Morgan Avenue, Grand Street, and Bedford Avenue; K trains would stop at New Lots Avenue, Sutter Avenue, Bushwick Avenue–Aberdeen Street, Halsey Street, Jefferson Street, Montrose Avenue, Graham Avenue and Third Avenue. This change was proposed as a service improvement alongside other changes that would have either reduced or eliminated service to balance the MTA's operational budget, but was never implemented. ===Modernization and rehabilitation=== ==== Ridership and CBTC ==== Ridership on the L has increased dramatically since 2000 since many neighborhoods along the route have experienced gentrification. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority's $443 million fleets of subway cars on the L was introduced in 2002, but by 2006 was already too small to handle growing ridership. The Transit Authority had projected that 212 Kawasaki-made R143 subway cars would be enough to accommodate ridership demands for years to come, but ridership has risen higher than expected. Therefore, sixty-eight new R160A cars manufactured by Alstom were equipped with CBTC so they could run on the L. The BMT Canarsie Line tracks underwent an extensive retrofit over to CBTC, a system that controls the trains via a computer onboard, as opposed manually operated by a human operator. This was completed in early 2009.MTA Capital Program Milestones Report While the retrofit has resulted in nearly two years of service changes and station closings, this system will eventually allow trains to run closer together and enables in-station "countdown clock" displays to note the exact time until the next train arrives. The line also used OPTO (one person train operation) beginning in June 2005, but a combination of public outcry regarding perceived safety issues, which increased after the July 2005 London tube bombings, heavy lobbying by the Transport Workers Union of America (TWU), as well as an arbitration ruling that MTA had breached its contract with TWU caused the Metropolitan Transportation Authority to end OPTO the following September. However, the MTA's successful implementation of countdown clocks on the L was the first in the system.MTA/Siemens train-arrival sign On April 27, 2003, midday L service was reduced to run every 8 minutes instead of every 6 minutes. ==== 14th Street Tunnel shutdown ==== Starting April 27, 2019, L service was limited between Third Avenue and Bedford Avenue on late nights and weekends to allow for repairs on the Canarsie Line tunnels under the East River, which were badly damaged by Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Trains in both directions operated on one tube between Third and Bedford Avenues while late night and weekend work was done on the other tube. The original plan was for a full 15-month closure with both tubes closed simultaneously west of Bedford Avenue, but the plans were revised in January 2019. On April 26, 2020, New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced the completion of the project, months ahead of schedule. ==Route== ===Service pattern=== The L uses the following lines with the same service pattern at all times. Line From To Tracks BMT Canarsie Line Eighth Avenue Canarsie–Rockaway Parkway all === Stations === The L runs on the BMT Canarsie Line in its entirety. 20px|L service Stations Subway transfers Connections Manhattan Canarsie Line Canarsie Line Canarsie Line Canarsie Line Canarsie Line (IND Eighth Avenue Line at ) M14A / M14D Select Bus Service (IND Sixth Avenue Line at ) Out-of-system transfer with MetroCard/OMNY: (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at ) PATH at M14A / M14D Select Bus Service (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) (BMT Broadway Line) M14A / M14D Select Bus Service M14A / M14D Select Bus Service M14A / M14D Select Bus Service Northbound M15 Select Bus Service Brooklyn NYC Ferry: East River Route (at North Sixth Street west of Kent Avenue) (IND Crosstown Line at ) (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line) Some a.m. rush hour trips begin or end their runs to/from Eighth Avenue at this station ↑ Station is ADA-accessible in the northbound direction only. (IND Fulton Street Line) (BMT Jamaica Line) LIRR Atlantic Branch at Out-of-system transfer with MetroCard/OMNY: (IRT New Lots Line at ) B15 bus to JFK Int'l Airport Some northbound rush hour trips begin at this station B82 Select Bus Service; free in-station transfer to B42 bus and westbound B6 and B82 buses. == Notes == == References == == External links == * MTA NYC Transit – L 14th Street – Canarsie Local * * # Category:New York City Subway services
L (Néry) Battery Royal Horse Artillery is the Tactical Group Battery of 1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery. ==Previous role== The Battery became a Tactical Group Battery in 2005, with its guns firing their last rounds in Otterburn in February 2005. *2006 – L/N (Nery) Battery (The Eagles Troop) RHA split to reform separately as L and N Batteries. N Battery returned to 3 RHA to become their Tactical Group Battery and L Battery became 1 RHA's Tactical Group Battery – supporting the HCR, 1st Mech Bde Formation Reconnaissance Regiment. ===Battery structure=== L (Nery) Battery are known as a Tactical Group Battery and they consist of approximately 30 personnel: * Battery Commanders FOO Party * FOO Party A - Commanded by the Battery Captain * FOO Party B - Commanded by a Captain. * Battery Commanders Tac Group ===Equipment=== L (Nery) Battery are currently equipped with CVRT, rather the Warrior OPV. They have Forward Air Controllers in each team. ==History== ===Formation=== L (Nery) Battery were formed in India in 1809 as 3rd Troop The Bengal Horse Artillery. ===19th century=== *1857 - The Battery was distinguished with service in the Indian Mutiny, when in action on 7 July 1857, Gunner William Connolly who was repeatedly injured, refused to leave his post on the gun. He was awarded L Battery's first Victoria Cross. *1889 - the Battery was renamed L Battery Royal Horse Artillery. ===World War One=== *1914 – L Battery accompanied the BEF to France. *1914 - The Action at Néry. On the morning of 1 September 1914 the German 4th Cavalry Division attacked 1st Cavalry Brigade and L Battery, who had been camped in the village of Néry. In the action that followed, L Battery, less for one gun, was all but destroyed. The 13-pounder gun manned by Captain Bradbury, WO2 Dorrell, Sergeant Nelson, and Gunners Osbourne and Darbyshire, managed to keep the single gun in action against the three German Batteries located a thousand yards away. The Artillery fire put down by this gun allowed the 1st Cavalry Brigade to deliver a successful Counter attack. For this action Captain Bradbury, WO2 Dorrell, Sergeant Nelson, were all awarded the Victoria Cross. ===World War Two=== L (Nery) Battery served with distinction during WW2 in North Africa and Italy. ===Cold War=== L (Nery) Battery also deployed to Palestine, Malaya, and Cyprus and Northern Ireland. ==Recent and current conflicts== ===Northern Ireland=== L (Nery) Battery deployed to Northern Ireland. ===Persian Gulf War=== Elements of the Battery also served in Operation Granby in the Persian Gulf. ===Balkan Wars=== *1993 – L Battery joined 1 RHA in Assaye Barracks Tidworth Camp when 2 Regt RA (formerly 2 RHA) disbanded. *1999- The Battery amalgamated with N Battery (The Eagle Troop) RHA to become L/N (Néry) Battery (The Eagle Troop) RHA. The Battery served in the Balkans. ===Operation TELIC in Iraq=== *2004 - L / N Battery served in Iraq on Op TELIC 4. ==See also== *British Army *Royal Artillery *Royal Horse Artillery *List of Royal Artillery Batteries == References == ==Bibliography== * ==External links== * * the centenary Commemoration of the Battle of nery Category:Royal Horse Artillery batteries Category:Royal Artillery batteries Category:1809 establishments in British India Category:Military units and formations established in 1809
L is the second studio album by British progressive rock musician Steve Hillage. It was recorded primarily in New York, at the Secret Sound, Woodstock, N.Y., and was produced and engineered by Todd Rundgren, using musicians from Todd Rundgren's band Utopia and others. According to liner notes supplied with the US pressing, Rundgren had only just become aware of Hillage, and following a letter from Hillage to Rundgren, and a reply from Rundgren, Hillage travelled to New York to meet, and the agreement to work together flowed from that. The cover features a clean-shaven Hillage (most of the publicity shots of Hillage during the 1970s show him with a full beard) holding his guitar, brightly backlit. Unusually for Hillage, half the songs on this album are covers. "Hurdy Gurdy Man" was written by Donovan, "Om Nama Shivaya" is based on a traditional Hindu mantra, and "It's All Too Much" was written by George Harrison, and originally appeared on the 1969 Beatles album, Yellow Submarine. The original Virgin catalogue number for this album on vinyl was V2066. An American pressing was issued on Atlantic Records, catalogue number SD 18205. In the Q & Mojo Classic Special Edition Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock, the album came 28th in its list of "40 Cosmic Rock Albums".Q Classic: Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock, 2005. == Charts == The album entered the UK charts on 16 October 1976, where it stayed for 12 weeks, hitting a peak of number 10.The Guinness book of British Hit Albums, 1983, page 80. This was the most successful of Steve Hillage's solo albums, the next most successful being Motivation Radio and Green, which reached numbers 28 and 30, respectively. == Track listing == ;Side one # "Hurdy Gurdy Man" (Donovan) – 6:32 # "Hurdy Gurdy Glissando" (Miquette Giraudy, Steve Hillage) – 8:54 # "Electrick Gypsies" (Hillage) – 6:24 ;Side two # "Om Nama Shivaya" (lyrics: Uma Nanda; music: Kesar Singh Narula) – 3:33 # "Lunar Musick Suite" (Giraudy, Hillage) – 11:59 # "It's All Too Much" (George Harrison) – 6:26 == Personnel == * Steve Hillage – guitar, vocals, EMS VCS 3, ARP Pro Soloist, shehnai * Miquette Giraudy – lady voice, Isis vibes * Roger Powell – RMI keyboard computer, piano, Moog synthesizer * Kasim Sulton – bass guitar * John Wilcox – drums * Don Cherry – trumpet, voices, bells, tambura * Larry Karush – tabla * Sonja Malkine – 15th century hurdy-gurdy == References == Category:1976 albums Category:Steve Hillage albums Category:Albums produced by Todd Rundgren Category:Virgin Records albums
L is the second and last album released by alternative rock group the Caulfields. The album was released on compact disc on April 22, 1997, by A&M; Records."Allmusic: L" ==Track listing== #"Figure It Out" – 3:47 #"President of Nothing" – 3:59 #"Waiting to Cry" – 2:52 #"Once Upon a Time" – 4:40 #"Invincible" – 3:22 #"Book of Your Life" – 3:17 #"The Kitchen Debate" – 3:13 #"Skeleton Key" – 3:46 #"All I Want Is Out" – 3:29 #"All Things to All People" – 3:01 #"Atlas Daughter" – 3:34 #"Heaven on the Moon" – 4:14 #"Beard of Bees" – 2:52 #"Tomorrow Morning" – 3:54 #"Born Yesterday" – 3:59 ==References== Category:1997 albums Category:The Caulfields albums Category:A&M; Records albums
In computational complexity theory, L (also known as LSPACE or DLOGSPACE) is the complexity class containing decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a logarithmic amount of writable memory space., Definition 8.12, p. 295., p. 177. Formally, the Turing machine has two tapes, one of which encodes the input and can only be read,On a read/write input tape, a linear amount of memory could be obtained by packing of symbols (as in the proof of the linear speedup theorem), thus evading the logspace contraint. whereas the other tape has logarithmic size but can be read as well as written. Logarithmic space is sufficient to hold a constant number of pointers into the input and a logarithmic number of boolean flags, and many basic logspace algorithms use the memory in this way. ==Complete problems and logical characterization== Every non-trivial problem in L is complete under log-space reductions,See , Theorem 7.13 (claim 2), p. 179. so weaker reductions are required to identify meaningful notions of L-completeness, the most common being first-order reductions. A 2004 result by Omer Reingold shows that USTCON, the problem of whether there exists a path between two vertices in a given undirected graph, is in L, showing that L = SL, since USTCON is SL- complete. One consequence of this is a simple logical characterization of L: it contains precisely those languages expressible in first-order logic with an added commutative transitive closure operator (in graph theoretical terms, this turns every connected component into a clique). This result has application to database query languages: data complexity of a query is defined as the complexity of answering a fixed query considering the data size as the variable input. For this measure, queries against relational databases with complete information (having no notion of nulls) as expressed for instance in relational algebra are in L. ==Related complexity classes== L is a subclass of NL, which is the class of languages decidable in logarithmic space on a nondeterministic Turing machine. A problem in NL may be transformed into a problem of reachability in a directed graph representing states and state transitions of the nondeterministic machine, and the logarithmic space bound implies that this graph has a polynomial number of vertices and edges, from which it follows that NL is contained in the complexity class P of problems solvable in deterministic polynomial time., Corollary 8.21, p. 299. Thus L ⊆ NL ⊆ P. The inclusion of L into P can also be proved more directly: a decider using O(log n) space cannot use more than 2O(log n) = nO(1) time, because this is the total number of possible configurations. L further relates to the class NC in the following way: NC1 ⊆ L ⊆ NL ⊆ NC2. In words, given a parallel computer C with a polynomial number O(nk) of processors for some constant k, any problem that can be solved on C in O(log n) time is in L, and any problem in L can be solved in O(log2 n) time on C. Important open problems include whether L = P, and whether L = NL., p. 297; , p. 180. It is not even known whether L = NP. The related class of function problems is FL. FL is often used to define logspace reductions. ==Additional properties== L is low for itself, because it can simulate log-space oracle queries (roughly speaking, "function calls which use log space") in log space, reusing the same space for each query. ==Other uses== The main idea of logspace is that one can store a polynomial-magnitude number in logspace and use it to remember pointers to a position of the input. The logspace class is therefore useful to model computation where the input is too big to fit in the RAM of a computer. Long DNA sequences and databases are good examples of problems where only a constant part of the input will be in RAM at a given time and where we have pointers to compute the next part of the input to inspect, thus using only logarithmic memory. ==See also== *L/poly, a nonuniform variant of L that captures the complexity of polynomial-size branching programs ==Notes== ==References== * * * * * Category:Complexity classes
Kim Myung-soo (; born March 13, 1992), known professionally as L, is a South Korean singer, actor, and model. He debuted as a vocalist of boy band Infinite in 2010 and its sub-group Infinite F in 2014. ==Early life== Kim Myungsoo was born on March 13, 1992, in Seoul, South Korea. He has a brother, Kim Moon-soo, who is two years younger than him. Kim attended Duk-soo High School and graduated from Daekyung University on February 15, 2013, majoring in practical music. ==Career== ===2010–2016: Music and acting career=== As a high school student, L auditioned for Woollim Entertainment after being street cast for his good looks. He was selected as the first member of idol group Infinite. He made his debut as a vocalist of the boy group in June 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2010. In 2011, he made his acting debut in Japanese drama Jiu Keishicho Tokushuhan Sousagakari, which aired on TV Asahi in July. In 2012, he was cast in tvN's romance comedy series Flower Band, as a guitarist of a rock group. He was also cast in MBC's sitcom What's The Deal, Mom? On May 15, 2013, L released a photo essay book titled L's Bravo Viewtiful, showing photos taken by him on a 93-day journey. The book was a best-seller, and reached No. 1 in pre-orders on online bookstores such as and Kyobo. In August 2013, he had a cameo in SBS's Master's Sun, playing the younger version of So Ji-sub's character. In 2014, he was cast in supporting roles in MBC's Cunning Single Lady and SBS's My Lovely Girl. With bandmates Sungyeol and Sungjong he comprised the subgroup Infinite F, which released a single album, Koi No Sign, in Japan on November 19, 2014, and a Korean album, Love Sign, in December 2014. In 2015, he was cast in his first film Mister Shark, about a boy who befriends a shark. In 2016, L was cast in the Korean-Chinese web drama My Catman. He also starred in the drama special The Day After We Broke Up, which was his first lead role. ===2017–present: Rising popularity and military enlistment=== In 2017, L starred in MBC's historical drama The Emperor: Owner of the Mask. His portrayal of a commoner who stands in for the king earned viewers' approval, and he was named Actor of the Month in June by MBC Dramanet. In 2018, L starred in the legal drama Ms. Hammurabi portraying a judge. His performance in the series was well-received, earning him increased recognition. In 2019, L starred in the fantasy romance drama Angel's Last Mission: Love. In August 2019, L left Woollim. In 2020, L starred in the fantasy romance drama Welcome as a cat who turns into a human male. In December 2020, L starred in historical comedy Royal Secret Agent. Before his enlistment, he released his debut single album Memory on February 3. He also held an online fan meeting on February 20. While serving his military enlistment, it was announced on September 25, 2021 that L will make his musical theatre debut in the military musical Meisa's Song alongside EXO's Chanyeol, B.A.P.'s Daehyun and actor Moon Yong-suk. On March 7, 2023, L signed a contract with Luke Media. == Personal life == === Military enlistment === On February 22, 2021, L enlisted for his mandatory military service as a member of the Republic of Korea Marine Corps. L was discharged on August 21, 2022. Later, on August 22, 2022, L posted on Instagram that he was discharged from military service. ==Discography== ===Single albums=== Title Details Peak chart positions Sales KOR * Memory * Released: February 3, 2021 * Label: Management 2sang, Universal Music * Formats: CD, digital download, streaming 5 *KOR: 18,844 === Singles === Title Year Peak chart position Sales Album KOR Charted songs: * As lead artist "It's All For You" 2013 — rowspan="3" "Reminisce" 2018 — Top Seed "Memory" 2021 — Memory Soundtrack appearances "Love U Like U" (with Kim Yerim) 2012 27 * KOR: 233,449 Flower Band OST "It's Okay Even If It's Not Me" 2017 — rowspan="2" The Emperor: Owner of the Mask OST "The Nights That I Miss You" 2019 — Angel's Last Mission: Love OST Compilation "Go Get Her" (with Park Jae-jung) 2016 — rowspan="2" King of Mask Singer Ep. 63 "In the Rain" — "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that region. ===Songwriting and producing credits=== Year Album Artist Song Lyrics Music Credited With Credited With 2013 L "It's All For You" 2018 Top Seed L "Reminisce" Jeong Min-ji ==Filmography== ===Television series=== Year Title Role Notes 2011 Jiu Jiu Japanese drama Welcome to the Wara Store Himself Voice only 2012 Flower Band Lee Hyun-soo Salamander Guru and The Shadows Himself Cameo, (Episode 3) What is Mom? Kim Myung-soo 2013 Master's Sun Joo Joong-won (young) 2014 Cunning Single Lady Gil Yo-han My Lovely Girl Shi-woo 2015 The Time We Were Not in Love Ki Sung-jae Cameo (Episode 2–4) 2016 One More Time Yoo Tan Drama special 2017 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Lee Sun 2018 Ms. Hammurabi Im Ba-reun 2019 Angel's Last Mission: Love Kim Dan 2020 Welcome Hong-jo 2020–2021 Royal Secret Agent Sung Yi-gyum 2023 Numbers Jang Ho-woo === Web series === Year Title Role Notes 2016 My Catman Jung Ho-yeon unreleased === Hosting === Year Title Notes 2022 2022 Changwon K-POP World Festival with AleXa and Sua (Billlie) == Theater == Year English title Korean title Role Notes 2021 The Meisa’s Song 메이사의 노래 Yeon Jun-seok Military musical ==Publication== ===Photobook=== Year Title Publisher Ref. 2013 L's Bravo Viewtiful Tokyo L's Bravo Viewtiful Part. 2 Tokyo ==Awards and nominations== Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination Award ceremony Year Category Nominee / Work Result APAN Star Awards 2018 Best New Actor Ms. Hammurabi Asia Artist Awards 2018 Best Icon L Asia Model Award 2019 Popular Star (Actor) Angel's Last Mission: Love KBS Drama Awards 2019 Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries Angel's Last Mission: Love Best New Actor 2019 Angel's Last Mission: Love Netizen Award, actor 2019 Angel's Last Mission: Love K-Drama Hallyu Star 2019 Angel's Last Mission: Love Best Couple Award 2019 Kim Myung-soo with Shin Hye-sun Angel's Last Mission: Love 2020 Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries Welcome 2021 Top Excellence Award, Actor Royal Secret Agent Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries Korea Drama Awards 2013 Best Young Actor Master's Sun 2017 Best New Actor The Emperor: Owner of the Mask 2019 Best New Actor Angel's Last Mission: Love 2022 Global Star Award Royal Secret Agent Korea First Brand Awards 2017 Male Acting Idol L MBC Drama Awards 2017 Excellence Award, Actor in a Miniseries The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Best New Actor 2017 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Popularity Award, actor 2017 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Best Character Award, Fighting Spirit Acting 2017 The Emperor: Owner of the Mask Seoul International Drama Awards 2021 Outstanding Korean Actor Royal Secret Agent Seoul Webfest Awards 2017 Best Rising Star My Catman Seoul Webfest Awards Special Award My Catman Soompi Awards 2018 Best Idol Actor The Emperor: Owner of the Mask The Seoul Awards 2017 Popularity Award, actor ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== * * Category:1992 births Category:Infinite (group) members Category:Living people Category:Male actors from Seoul Category:Singers from Seoul Category:South Korean male idols Category:South Korean male film actors Category:South Korean male singers Category:South Korean male television actors Category:South Korean pop singers Category:South Korean male web series actors Category:Republic of Korea Marine Corps personnel
L (Learning) is a 2011 Greek comedy-drama film directed by Babis Makridis in his debut, and written by Makridis and Efthymis Filippou, based on an original idea by Yorgos Giokas. It stars Aris Servetalis as a 40 year old man whose life rapidly changes over the course of a single day. Makridis had previously produced a short film, The Last Fakir (2005), which received the Newcomer's Prize at the 2005 International Short Film Festival in Drama. L, his first feature film, was the first Greek selection to compete at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival (19–29 January 2012) where its international premiere took place. It was also nominated to compete in the official Tiger Awards competition in the International Film Festival Rotterdam (25 January – 5 February 2012). The film was nominated for Best Script award at the Hellenic Film Academy Awards. A six-minute extract was first released at the Work Progress Section of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, at the Czech Republic in July 2011. ==Plot== A Man lives in his car. He is 40 years old and although he does not have a lot of free time, when he does, he chooses to spend it with his family. He meets his wife and two children at a specified day and time in car parking lots. His job is to locate and bring the finest honey to a 50-year-old man. A New Driver shows up and the Man gets fired. The Man's life changes and he finds it absurd that no one trusts him anymore. ==Cast== * Aris Servetalis as the Man * Makis Papadimitriou as the Black Rider * Yannis Bostantzoglou as the Boss * Eleftherios Matthaios as The Bear * Nota Tserniafski as the Wife * Stavros Raptis as the Friend * Thanassis Dimou as the New Driver * Christoforos Skamnakis as the Yachtsman * Pavlos Makridis as the Son * Natalia Tserniafski as the Daughter * Alexis Kanakis as Motorbiker * Antonis Iliakis as Meteor ==Production== ===Filming=== Filming took place during March and April 2011 in outdoor locations in Attica, Greece and additional filming took place at the end of July 2011. Filming was concluded within 27 days. ===Technical information=== The movie was filmed in 35mm with an Arriflex BL camera, is 87 minutes long, in colour, sound Dolby SRD, language Greek with English subtitles, 1:85:1 format, edited in Avid. ===Production credentials=== * Directed, by Babis Makridis * Script, Efthymis Filippou Babis Makridis, based on an original idea by Yorgos Giokas about a man who lives in his car * Location Manager, Dimitris Chalkiadakis * Line Producer, Yorgos Papadimitriou * Sets, Dafni Kalogianni * Costumes, Dimitris Papathomas * Sound, Stefanos Efthimiou * Mixing/Sound Design, Costas Fylaktidis * Music, Coti K * Editor, Yannis Chalkiadakis * Director of Photography, Thimios Bakatakis * Executive Producer, Peter Carlton, Christos V. Konstantakopoulos * Production, Beben Films (Amanda Livanou, Babis Makridis) * Co Production, NOVA, Feelgood Entertainment, Faliro House Productions, Top Cut, Modiano S.A., Dennis Iliadis, Efthymis Filippou, Yannis Chalkiadakis, Thimios Bakatakis, Yorgos Papadimitriou, Dimitris Papathomas, in association with Warp Films and the support of the Greek Film Center. ==Release and distribution== The movie was released in Greek movie theaters in February 2012 by Feelgood Entertainment movie distribution company. ==Festivals == *Sundance Film Festival 2012 . Official selection world drama competition. *Rotterdam Film Festival 2012 . IFFR's Tiger Awards Competition. *Copenhagen Film Festival 2012. Official competition for New talent grand pix *Indielisboa 2012. Official Competition. *Seattle International Film Festival 2012. New Directors Competition. *Melbourne International Film Festival 2012. Competition Telescope Section. *Mumbai Film Festival 2012. International Competition. *42 Molodist. Kyiv Film Festival 2012. International Competition. WINNER THE GRAND PRIX OF MOLODIST *Arizona Underground Film Festival 2012. International Competition. *Festival International du Film Indépendant de Bordeaux 2012. International Competition. *36o São Paulo International Film Festival. New Directors Competition. *Shadowline Salerno 2012. Official Competition. *Sydney Film Festival 2012. Section Push Me to the Edge *D' A Festival Internacional de cinema d'author de Barcelona 2012. *Istanbul Film festival 2012. At a special section called " What's happening in Greece?" *Karlovy Vary 2012. Section Another View. *Stockholm Film Festival 2012. Section Twilight Zone . *19th Greek Film Festival 2012 (Melbourne). *Eurasia Film Festival 2012. Section Cinema bridge: East *23 Ljubljana Film Festival 2012. Section Panorama *Sevilla Festival de Cine Europeo. 2012. Section: Focus Europa : Greece. *27º Festival international de cine de mar del plata FESTIVAL INTERNACIONAL DE CINE DE MAR DEL PLATA *18ο Vilnius International Film Festival Lithuania Programm Discoveries ==Words about L== *FILM DE CULTE *FLIX *FLIX GR *CUEDOTCOMFESSIONS *THE LIMERICK REVIEW *QUIET EARTH *ALTERNATIVE CHRONICLE *SUNDANCE FILM FESTIVAL *SBS.COM.AUSTRALIA *HOLLYWOOD REPORTER ==External links== * The official movie blog * * L official facebook page * L official site Category:2012 films Category:2012 comedy-drama films Category:Greek comedy-drama films Category:2010s Greek-language films
thumb|right|1st (Norwegian) edition L is a novel written by the Norwegian writer Erlend Loe. It is about a group of young men who go on an expedition to the small island Manuae in the Pacific Ocean. It was published in 1999, and was a big success.Nora Pröfrock “Stop making sense.“ - Erlend Loes Romane „Naiv.Super.” (1996) und ... 3638636402 2007 Einleitung Der Autor Erlend Loe (*1969) aus Trondheim gilt als einer der auffälligsten und erfolgreichsten ... (1996) und L (1999), von denen bis zum Jahre 2001 zusammen annähernd 200.000 Exemplare verkauft wurden ==Plot== The main theme in the story is an expedition to prove main character Erlend's theory about Pacific islands. He believes that their inhabitants came from South America on skates. This is, of course, an impossible theory, but the story is kept alive with Loe's personal, at times naïve, style. The book is divided into two parts. The first part is about how Erlend, inspired by Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki, came up with the theory, and the planning of the expedition. The second part is about the expedition itself, which takes place on Manuae in the Cook Islands. The seven boys in the expedition, including fictionalized versions of Loe and artist Kim Hiorthøy, all feel that they have not contributed to "build Norway", so this trip is like their way of saying "sorry", and placing Norway on the map once and for all. Erlend strongly believes that his theory is correct and that they will be praised as heroes when they return. In the end of the book the boys feel like this wasn't enough to place Norway on the map, so they start another experiment, where they try out the different ways of governing a country. For example, they try out apartheid and communism. They spend the last days on the island sitting around and waiting for the boat to pick them up. When they come home there is no marching band waiting at the airport, and realise that it will take more to get Norway "out there". ==References== Category:1999 Norwegian novels Category:20th-century Norwegian novels Category:Books by Erlend Loe Category:Novels set in Oceania
L 168-9 (also known as GJ 4332 or TOI-134) is a red dwarf star located away from the Solar System in the constellation of Tucana. The star has about 62% the mass and 60% the radius of the Sun. It has a temperature of and a rotation period of 29.8 days. L 168-9 is orbited by one known exoplanet. ==Nomenclature== The designation L 168-9 comes from Luyten's first catalogue of stars with high proper motion. In August 2022, this planetary system was included among 20 systems to be named by the third NameExoWorlds project. The approved names, proposed by a team from China, were announced in June 2023. L 168-9 is named Danfeng and its planet is named Qingluan, after mythological birds of ancient China. == Planetary system == The exoplanet L 168-9 b was discovered in 2020 using TESS. It is a terrestrial super-Earth with about 4.6 times the mass and 1.39 times the radius of Earth, and an estimated equilibrium temperature of . L 168-9 b is a target for observation and atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope, and has been observed as one of its first targets. == References == Category:Tucana (constellation) Category:M-type main-sequence stars Category:Planetary systems with one confirmed planet CD-60 08051 4332 115211 0134 Danfeng
L 6 () is a sailboat class designed by A. Kiselev and built in about 110 copies, sailed in the Baltic and Black Sea. ==References== Category:1950s sailboat type designs Category:Sailboat type designs by Soviet designers Category:Keelboats
L 97-12 (or WD 0752-676, or LHS 34, or Gliese 293) is a nearby degenerate star (white dwarf), located in the constellation Volans, the single known component of the system. ==Distance== Possibly, L 97-12 is the ninth-closest white dwarf after Sirius B, Procyon B, van Maanen's star, Gliese 440, 40 Eridani B, Stein 2051 B, GJ 1221 and Gliese 223.2. (However, there is probability, that white dwarfs GJ 1087, Gliese 518 and (with lesser probability) Gliese 915 may be located closer.) Trigonometric parallax of L 97-12 was included in the YPC (Yale Parallax Catalog), and subsequently it was measured more precisely in CTIOPI (Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) Parallax Investigation) 0.9 m telescope program: L 97-12 parallax measurements Source Paper Parallax, mas Distance, pc Distance, ly Ref. YPC van Altena et al., 1995 141.2 ± 8.4 7.08 ± 0.42 23.10 ± 1.37 CTIOPI 0.9 m TSN-21 (Subasavage et al., 2009) 126.25 ± 1.34 7.92 ± 0.08 25.83 ± 0.27 ==Physical parameters== The mass of L 97-12 is 0.59 ± 0.01 Solar masses, and its surface gravity is 108.00 ± 0.02 cm·s−2, or approximately 102,000 of Earth's, corresponding to a radius of , or 139% of Earth's. L 97-12 has temperature 5,700 ± 90 K, almost like the Sun, and cooling age, i.e. age as degenerate star (not including lifetime as main- sequence star and as giant star) 2.65 ± 0.10 Gyr. It has a white appearance due to similar temperature to Sun. ==See also== * List of star systems within 25–30 light-years ==Notes== ==References== Category:Volans Category:White dwarfs 0293 J07530814-6747314
L 98-59 (TOI-175, TIC 307210830) is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of , as measured by Gaia. Broadband photometry shows that it is an M3 dwarf star with four confirmed terrestrial- sized planets in transit, which were announced in March 2019 by TESS. In August 2021, new evidence was announced for a fifth, potentially habitable planet, labeled L 98-59 f. Though still unconfirmed, this planet is believed to have 2.46 times Earth's mass, and an orbital period of 23.15 days. ==Planetary system== The two innermost planets, b and c, as well as L 98-59 e are possibly hot rocky worlds. L 98-59 c has an uncertain indications of atmosphere as in 2023. L 98-59 d has large amounts of water, potentially as much as 30% of its entire mass, it may therefore have an ocean covering much of its surface. The three inner planets were discovered in 2019. The super- Venus planet L 98-59 e was discovered in 2021, along with potentially habitable (located in the middle of the habitable zone) super-Earth candidate L 98-59 f. In September 2021, suggested tests of the abilities of the Hubble Space Telescope and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope to detect and describe the atmospheric features of the three inner planets were reported. ==Gallery== == See also == * * * == References == == External links == * New ESO observations show rocky exoplanet has just half the mass of Venus (ESO press release) * TESS – Official Website * Smallest exoplanet found so far (video; 1:53; NASA; June 2019) Category:M-type main-sequence stars Category:Planetary systems with four confirmed planets 175 J08180763-6818468 Category:Volans
L 98-59 b is an exoplanet having a size between that of the Earth and Mars and a mass only half that of Venus. It orbits L 98-59, a red dwarf 35 light-years away in the constellation Volans. There are at least 3 (possibly 4) other planets in the system: L 98-59 c, d, e, and the unconfirmed L 98-59 f. Its discovery was announced on 27 June 2019 on the NASA website. It was the smallest planet discovered by TESS until the discovery of LHS 1678b, and was the lowest-mass planet whose mass has been measured using radial velocities until Proxima Centauri d was found in 2022. == Characteristics == L 98-59 b orbits in 2.25 days and stays so close to the star that it receives 22 times more energy than Earth receives from the Sun. There are 4 confirmed planets in the system but they are not in the habitable zone of the host star. The temperature of the planet detected by TESS is 330 °C. In 2022, transmission spectroscopy has indicated that the planet has either no atmosphere or opaque atmosphere with the high-altitude hazes. == References == Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2019 Category:Exoplanets discovered by TESS Category:Transiting exoplanets
thumb L Antonio Curet is an archaeologist who is a curator at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian. He was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He received his B.A. and M.A. in Chemistry from the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras. Curet then received his Ph.D. in Archaeology from Arizona State University in 1992 under Barbara L Stark. He started his career in academia as an assistant professor at Gettysburg college from 1993 to 1996. He then moved to the University of Colorado at Denver where he continued teaching as an assistant professor. He stayed from 1996 to 2000. He worked at the Field Museum as a curator from 2000 to 2013. During his time here he also taught as an adjunct professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, and DePaul University. In 2005 he published a book titled Caribbean Paleodemography. In 2009 he edited a book called Tibes: People, Power, and Ritual at the Center of the Cosmos. In 2013 he began working as a curator at the National Museum of the American Indian on the collections from Latin America and the Caribbean. == References == Category:American curators Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
L Army Corps (L. Armeekorps) was a corps in the German Army during World War II. ==Commanders== * General der Kavallerie (Lieutenant General) Georg Lindemann, 1 October 1940 – 19 January 1942 * General der Kavallerie (Lieutenant General) Philipp Kleffel, 19 January 1942 – 3 March 1942 * General der Infanterie (Lieutenant General) Herbert von Böckmann, 3 March 1942 – 20 July 1942 * General der Kavallerie (Lieutenant General) Philipp Kleffel, 20 July 1942 – 17 September 1943 * General der Infanterie (Lieutenant General) Wilhelm Wegener, 17 September 1943 – 24 September 1944 * Generalleutnant (Major General) Hans Boeckh-Behrens, 24 September 1944 – 24 October 1944 * General der Gebirgstruppe (Lieutenant General) Friedrich-Jobst Volckamer von Kirchensittenbach, 25 October 1944 – 11 April 1945 * Generalleutnant (Major General) Erpo Freiherr von Bodenhausen, 12 April 1945 – 8 May 1945 ==Area of operations== * Germany – October 1940 – April 1941 * Balkans – April 1941 – June 1941 * Eastern Front, northern sector – June 1941 – October 1944 * Kurland pocket – October 1944 – May 1945 ==See also== * List of German corps in World War II ==External links== * Army,50 Category:Military units and formations established in 1940 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Technology for Women (LBSITW), Thiruvananthapuram, is the first engineering college for women in the state of Kerala on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. This is the second engineering college managed by the LBS Centre for Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala the other being LBS College of Engineering, Kasargod. LBSITW is the only engineering college for women in the Government sector in the state of Kerala. The center is administered by a governing body and an executive committee. The Honorable Chief Minister is the Chairman of the governing body and the Honorable Minister of Education is the Vice- Chairman. The institution was inaugurated on 30 Oct 2001. Approved by the AICTE and affiliated to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, LBSITW is a Government of Kerala undertaking.http://www.aicte- india.org/downloads/ET/Kerala_ET.pdf Prof. M Abdul Rahiman, a first batch student of LBS College of Engg Kasargod is the Principal of this institute. He is also holding the charge of Director LBS Centre for Science & Technology, parent organisation of this institute. == Location == The college is situated in the heart of Thiruvananthapuram city at Poojapura. ==References== ==External links== * Category:Engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram Category:Women's universities and colleges in Kerala Category:Women's engineering colleges in India Category:2001 establishments in Kerala Category:Educational institutions established in 2001
The Bayer designations l Carinae and L Carinae are distinct. *for l Carinae, see HD 84810 *for L Carinae, see HD 90264 ==See also== *I Carinae *i Carinae *ι Carinae Carinae, l Category:Carina (constellation)