src/utils/openai.py

#
# Copyright (c) 2024, Daily
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
#

import aiohttp
import base64
import io
import json

from typing import AsyncGenerator, List, Literal

from loguru import logger
from PIL import Image

from pipecat.frames.frames import (
    AudioRawFrame,
    ErrorFrame,
    Frame,
    LLMFullResponseEndFrame,
    LLMFullResponseStartFrame,
    LLMMessagesFrame,
    LLMResponseEndFrame,
    LLMResponseStartFrame,
    TextFrame,
    URLImageRawFrame,
    VisionImageRawFrame
)
from pipecat.processors.aggregators.openai_llm_context import (
    OpenAILLMContext,
    OpenAILLMContextFrame
)
from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection
from pipecat.services.ai_services import (
    ImageGenService,
    LLMService,
    TTSService
)

try:
    from openai import AsyncOpenAI, AsyncStream, BadRequestError
    from openai.types.chat import (
        ChatCompletionChunk,
        ChatCompletionFunctionMessageParam,
        ChatCompletionMessageParam,
        ChatCompletionToolParam
    )
except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
    logger.error(f"Exception: {e}")
    logger.error(
        "In order to use OpenAI, you need to `pip install pipecat-ai[openai]`. Also, set `OPENAI_API_KEY` environment variable.")
    raise Exception(f"Missing module: {e}")


class OpenAIUnhandledFunctionException(Exception):
    pass


class BaseOpenAILLMService(LLMService):
    """This is the base for all services that use the AsyncOpenAI client.

    This service consumes OpenAILLMContextFrame frames, which contain a reference
    to an OpenAILLMContext frame. The OpenAILLMContext object defines the context
    sent to the LLM for a completion. This includes user, assistant and system messages
    as well as tool choices and the tool, which is used if requesting function
    calls from the LLM.
    """

    def __init__(self, *, model: str, api_key=None, base_url=None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._model: str = model
        self._client = self.create_client(api_key=api_key, base_url=base_url, **kwargs)

    def create_client(self, api_key=None, base_url=None, **kwargs):
        return AsyncOpenAI(api_key=api_key, base_url=base_url)

    def can_generate_metrics(self) -> bool:
        return True

    async def get_chat_completions(
            self,
            context: OpenAILLMContext,
            messages: List[ChatCompletionMessageParam]) -> AsyncStream[ChatCompletionChunk]:
        chunks = await self._client.chat.completions.create(
            model=self._model,
            stream=True,
            messages=messages,
            tools=context.tools,
            tool_choice=context.tool_choice,
        )
        return chunks

    async def _stream_chat_completions(
            self, context: OpenAILLMContext) -> AsyncStream[ChatCompletionChunk]:
        logger.debug(f"Generating chat: {context.get_messages_json()}")

        messages: List[ChatCompletionMessageParam] = context.get_messages()

        # base64 encode any images
        for message in messages:
            if message.get("mime_type") == "image/jpeg":
                encoded_image = base64.b64encode(message["data"].getvalue()).decode("utf-8")
                text = message["content"]
                message["content"] = [
                    {"type": "text", "text": text},
                    {"type": "image_url", "image_url": {"url": f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{encoded_image}"}}
                ]
                del message["data"]
                del message["mime_type"]

        chunks = await self.get_chat_completions(context, messages)

        return chunks

    async def _process_context(self, context: OpenAILLMContext):
        function_name = ""
        arguments = ""
        tool_call_id = ""

        await self.start_ttfb_metrics()

        chunk_stream: AsyncStream[ChatCompletionChunk] = (
            await self._stream_chat_completions(context)
        )

        async for chunk in chunk_stream:
            if len(chunk.choices) == 0:
                continue

            await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()

            if chunk.choices[0].delta.tool_calls:
                # We're streaming the LLM response to enable the fastest response times.
                # For text, we just yield each chunk as we receive it and count on consumers
                # to do whatever coalescing they need (eg. to pass full sentences to TTS)
                #
                # If the LLM is a function call, we'll do some coalescing here.
                # If the response contains a function name, we'll yield a frame to tell consumers
                # that they can start preparing to call the function with that name.
                # We accumulate all the arguments for the rest of the streamed response, then when
                # the response is done, we package up all the arguments and the function name and
                # yield a frame containing the function name and the arguments.

                tool_call = chunk.choices[0].delta.tool_calls[0]
                if tool_call.function and tool_call.function.name:
                    function_name += tool_call.function.name
                    tool_call_id = tool_call.id
                    await self.call_start_function(function_name)
                if tool_call.function and tool_call.function.arguments:
                    # Keep iterating through the response to collect all the argument fragments
                    arguments += tool_call.function.arguments
            elif chunk.choices[0].delta.content:
                await self.push_frame(LLMResponseStartFrame())
                await self.push_frame(TextFrame(chunk.choices[0].delta.content))
                await self.push_frame(LLMResponseEndFrame())

        # if we got a function name and arguments, check to see if it's a function with
        # a registered handler. If so, run the registered callback, save the result to
        # the context, and re-prompt to get a chat answer. If we don't have a registered
        # handler, raise an exception.
        if function_name and arguments:
            if self.has_function(function_name):
                await self._handle_function_call(context, tool_call_id, function_name, arguments)
            else:
                raise OpenAIUnhandledFunctionException(
                    f"The LLM tried to call a function named '{function_name}', but there isn't a callback registered for that function.")

    async def _handle_function_call(
            self,
            context,
            tool_call_id,
            function_name,
            arguments
    ):
        arguments = json.loads(arguments)
        result = await self.call_function(function_name, arguments)
        arguments = json.dumps(arguments)
        if isinstance(result, (str, dict)):
            # Handle it in "full magic mode"
            tool_call = ChatCompletionFunctionMessageParam({
                "role": "assistant",
                "tool_calls": [
                    {
                        "id": tool_call_id,
                        "function": {
                            "arguments": arguments,
                            "name": function_name
                        },
                        "type": "function"
                    }
                ]

            })
            context.add_message(tool_call)
            if isinstance(result, dict):
                result = json.dumps(result)
            tool_result = ChatCompletionToolParam({
                "tool_call_id": tool_call_id,
                "role": "tool",
                "content": result
            })
            context.add_message(tool_result)
            # re-prompt to get a human answer
            await self._process_context(context)
        elif isinstance(result, list):
            # reduced magic
            for msg in result:
                context.add_message(msg)
            await self._process_context(context)
        elif isinstance(result, type(None)):
            pass
        else:
            raise TypeError(f"Unknown return type from function callback: {type(result)}")

    async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
        await super().process_frame(frame, direction)

        context = None
        if isinstance(frame, OpenAILLMContextFrame):
            context: OpenAILLMContext = frame.context
        elif isinstance(frame, LLMMessagesFrame):
            context = OpenAILLMContext.from_messages(frame.messages)
        elif isinstance(frame, VisionImageRawFrame):
            context = OpenAILLMContext.from_image_frame(frame)
        else:
            await self.push_frame(frame, direction)

        if context:
            await self.push_frame(LLMFullResponseStartFrame())
            await self.start_processing_metrics()
            await self._process_context(context)
            await self.stop_processing_metrics()
            await self.push_frame(LLMFullResponseEndFrame())


class OpenAILLMService(BaseOpenAILLMService):

    def __init__(self, *, model: str = "gpt-4o", **kwargs):
        super().__init__(model=model, **kwargs)


class OpenAIImageGenService(ImageGenService):

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        image_size: Literal["256x256", "512x512", "1024x1024", "1792x1024", "1024x1792"],
        aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession,
        api_key: str,
        model: str = "dall-e-3",
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self._model = model
        self._image_size = image_size
        self._client = AsyncOpenAI(api_key=api_key)
        self._aiohttp_session = aiohttp_session

    async def run_image_gen(self, prompt: str) -> AsyncGenerator[Frame, None]:
        logger.debug(f"Generating image from prompt: {prompt}")

        image = await self._client.images.generate(
            prompt=prompt,
            model=self._model,
            n=1,
            size=self._image_size
        )

        image_url = image.data[0].url

        if not image_url:
            logger.error(f"{self} No image provided in response: {image}")
            yield ErrorFrame("Image generation failed")
            return

        # Load the image from the url
        async with self._aiohttp_session.get(image_url) as response:
            image_stream = io.BytesIO(await response.content.read())
            image = Image.open(image_stream)
            frame = URLImageRawFrame(image_url, image.tobytes(), image.size, image.format)
            yield frame


class OpenAITTSService(TTSService):
    """This service uses the OpenAI TTS API to generate audio from text.
    The returned audio is PCM encoded at 24kHz. When using the DailyTransport, set the sample rate in the DailyParams accordingly:
    ```
    DailyParams(
        audio_out_enabled=True,
        audio_out_sample_rate=24_000,
    )
    ```
    """

    def __init__(
            self,
            *,
            api_key: str | None = None,
            base_url: str | None = None,
            sample_rate: int = 24_000,
            voice: Literal["alloy", "echo", "fable", "onyx", "nova", "shimmer"] = "alloy",
            model: Literal["tts-1", "tts-1-hd"] = "tts-1",
            **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

        self._voice = voice
        self._model = model
        self.sample_rate=sample_rate
        self._client = AsyncOpenAI(api_key=api_key,base_url=base_url)

    def can_generate_metrics(self) -> bool:
        return True

    async def run_tts(self, text: str) -> AsyncGenerator[Frame, None]:
        logger.debug(f"Generating TTS: [{text}]")

        try:
            await self.start_ttfb_metrics()

            async with self._client.audio.speech.with_streaming_response.create(
                    input=text,
                    model=self._model,
                    voice=self._voice,
                    response_format="pcm",
            ) as r:
                if r.status_code != 200:
                    error = await r.text()
                    logger.error(
                        f"{self} error getting audio (status: {r.status_code}, error: {error})")
                    yield ErrorFrame(f"Error getting audio (status: {r.status_code}, error: {error})")
                    return
                async for chunk in r.iter_bytes(8192):
                    if len(chunk) > 0:
                        await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
                        frame = AudioRawFrame(chunk, self.sample_rate, 1)
                        yield frame
        except BadRequestError as e:
            logger.exception(f"{self} error generating TTS: {e}")