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<title> LEDITS++: Limitless Image Editing using Text-to-Image Models </title>
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<h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">LEDITS++: Limitless Image Editing using Text-to-Image Models</h1>
<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<span class="author-block">
<a>Manuel Brack</a>¹²,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a>Felix Friedrich</a>²³,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a>Katharina Kornmeier</a>²,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a>Linoy Tsaban</a>⁴,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a>Patrick Schramowski</a>¹²³⁶,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a>Kristian Kersting</a>¹²³⁵,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a>Apolinário Passos</a>
</span>
<p></p>
<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<span class="author-block">¹ German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI),</span>
<span class="author-block">² Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt,</span>
<span class="author-block">³ Hessian.AI,</span>
<span class="author-block">⁴ Hugging Face &#129303;,</span>
<span class="author-block">⁵ Centre for Cognitive Science, TU Darmstadt,</span>
<span class="author-block">⁶ LAION</span>
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<span>&#129303; Demo</span>
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<h2 class="title is-3 has-text-centered">Abstract</h2>
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<p>
Text-to-image diffusion models have recently received a lot of interest for their
astonishing ability to produce high-fidelity images from text only. Subsequent
research efforts are aiming to exploit the capabilities of these models and leverage
them for intuitive, textual image editing. However, existing methods often require
time-consuming fine-tuning and lack native support for performing multiple edits
simultaneously. To address these issues, we introduce LEDITS++ , an efficient yet
versatile technique for image editing using text-to-image models. LEDITS++ re-
quires no tuning nor optimization, runs in a few diffusion steps, natively supports
multiple simultaneous edits, inherently limits changes to relevant image regions,
and is architecture agnostic.
</p>
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alt="ledits++ teaser"/>
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<h2 class="title is-3">LEDITS++: Efficient and Versatile Textual Image Editing</h2>
</div>
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<p>
To ease textual image editing, we present LEDITS++, a novel method for efficient and versatile image
editing using text-to-image diffusion models. Firstly, LEDITS++ sets itself apart as a parameter-free
solution requiring no fine-tuning nor any optimization. We derive characteristics of an edit-friendly
noise space with a perfect input reconstruction, which were previously proposed for the DDPM
sampling scheme, for a significantly faster multistep stochastic differential-equation (SDE)
solver. This novel invertibility of the DPM-solver++ facilitates editing with LEDITS++ in as
little as 20 total diffusion steps for inversion and inference combined.
Moreover, LEDITS++ places a strong emphasis on semantic grounding to enhance the visual and
contextual coherence of the edits. This ensures that changes are limited to the relevant regions in the
image, preserving the original image’s fidelity as much as possible. LEDITS++ also provides users
with the flexibility to combine multiple edits seamlessly, opening up new creative possibilities for
intricate image manipulations. Finally, the approach is architecture-agnostic and compatible with any
diffusion model, whether latent or pixel-based.
</p>
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<h2 class="title is-3">Methodology
</h2>
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<p>
The methodology of LEDITS++ can be broken down into three components: (1) efficient image
inversion, (2) versatile textual editing, and (3) semantic grounding of image changes.
</p>
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<img src="static/images/ledits_teaser.jpg"
style="max-height:620px; max-width:1000px"
alt="diagram"/>
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<h2 class="title is-4">Component 1: Perfect Inversion</h2>
<p>
Utilizing T2I models for editing real images is usually done by inverting the sampling
process to identify a noisy xT that will be denoised to the input image x0.
We draw characteristics from <a href="https://inbarhub.github.io/DDPM_inversion/" target="_blank">edit friendly DDPM inversion</a> and propose an efficient
inversion method that greatly reduces the required number
of steps while maintaining no reconstruction error.
DDPM can be viewed as a first-order
SDE solver when formulating the reverse diffusion process as an SDE. This
SDE can be solved more efficiently—in fewer steps—
using a higher-order differential equation solver, hence we derive a new, faster
technique - <b>dpm-solver++ Inversion</b>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="content">
<h2 class="title is-4">Component 2: Textual Editing</h2>
<p>
After creating our re-construction sequence, we can edit the image by manipulating
the noise estimate εθ based on a set of edit instructions. We devise a dedicated
guidance term for each concept based on conditioned and unconditioned estimate. We
define LEDITS++ guidance such that it both reflects the direction of the edit (if we
want
to push away from/towards the edit concept) and maximizes fine-grained control over
the effect of the desired edit
</p>
</div>
<div class="content">
<h2 class="title is-4">Component 3: Semantic Grounding</h2>
<p>
In our defined LEDITS++ guidance, we include a masking term composed of the
intersection between the mask generated from
the U-Net’s cross-attention layers and a mask derived from
the noise estimate - yielding a mask both focused on relevant image
regions and of fine granularity.
We empirically demonstrate that these maps can also capture regions
of an image relevant to an editing concept that is not already present.
Specifically for multiple edits, calculating a
dedicated mask for each edit prompt ensures that the corresponding
guidance terms remain largely isolated, limiting
interference between them.
</p>
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<h2 class="title is-3">Interactive Demo</h2>
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type="module"
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<gradio-app src="https://editing-images-ledtisplusplus.hf.space"></gradio-app>
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<pre><code>@article{
}</code></pre>
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