README.md

metadata

tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:29992
  - loss:CosineSimilarityLoss
widget:
  - source_sentence: What did the Court direct the State Government to do?
    sentences:
      - >-
        In the consolidated proceeding therefore the tribunal had to decide
        firstly whether the bunga was the property of the Golden Temple. If it
        decided that, all the claims would necessarily fall 338 through. But if
        it held that the bunga was not the property of the Golden Temple it had
        to adjudicate on the respective claims of Jaswant Singh, Kesar Singh and
        Balwant Singh. By majority, the tribunal held that the bunga was not the
        property of the Golden Temple. It therefore had to decide to which of
        the three claimants under section 5, if any, the bunga could be held to
        belong. It negatived the claims of Kesar Singh and Jaswant Singh. As to
        Balwant Singh 's claim it held by a majority that Balwant Singh had no
        personal or private right in the bunga. It further held that the bunga
        was wakf property dedicated to the pilgrims to the Golden Temple and
        that the descendants of Maharaja Sher Singh were the managers of the
        bunga.
      - >-
        The second meeting was held on the 29th March, 1952, and the third on
        the 14th of June, 1952. The expert member was not present at any other
        meeting except the first and on the 27th of 741 May, 1952, he wrote a
        letter to the Chief Commissioner stating that he was proceeding to
        Europe on the 3rdd June, 1952, for a period of three months.
      - >-
        It is necessary to mention in this connection that on September 21, 1984
        this Court while granting special leave made an order of stay of
        operation of the High Court judgment pending hearing of the appeal. But
        subsequently on March 18, 1986 after hearing the learned counsels the
        interim order of stay was recalled in consideration of the fact that
        U.P. Public Service Commission had already cancelled the candidature of
        the appellant and withdrawn the recommendation made in his favour for
        the reason inter alia that he lacked in five years experience in Drug
        testing. This Court also directed the State Government to appoint a
        member or one Indian Administrative Service to function as the Food &
        Drug Controller, U.P. PG NO 42 It has been urged on behalf of the
        appellant, Dr. Bindal that the order of the Public Service Commission in
        cancelling the candidature of the appellant and withdrawing the
        recommendation made in his favour is wholly illegal and bad in as much
        as the Government has considered the certificates produced by the
        appellant and found that the appellant had the requisite experience of
        five years in Drug testing and as such he was appointed by the
        Government as Food and Drug Controller, U.P.
  - source_sentence: What power does Article 11 grant to Parliament?
    sentences:
      - >-
        Civil Appeal Nos. 1742 1743 of 1969. Appeals by Special Leave from the
        Judgment and order dated 12 12 1968 of the Allahabad High Court in
        R.S.A. No. 2777 of 1972. section N. Andley, Uma Datta and T. C. Sharma
        for the Appellant in CA 1742/69. A. P. section Chauhan and N. N. Sharma
        for Respondent No. 1 in CA 1742/69 and for the Appellant in CA 1743/69.
        1000 The Judgment of the Court was delivered by KOSHAL, J.
      - >-
        There is, therefore, a clear averment in the plaint that an equitable
        mortgage was created on May 10, 1947, and that was acknowledged by the
        agreement dated July 5, 1947. The 1st defendant did not file any written
        statement denying the said allegations.
      - >-
        In Raja Kulkarni and Ors. vs State of Bombay(1), one of the contentious
        canvassed before the Constitution Bench was that Sec. 13 of the Bombay
        Industrial Relations Act, 1946 as it then stood provided that a union
        can be registered as a representative union for an industry in a local
        area if it has for the whole of the period of three months next
        preceding the date of its application, a membership of not less than 15%
        of the total number of employees employed in any F industry in any local
        area. If the union does not satisfy that condition and has a membership
        of not less than 5%, it could be registered as a qualified union
        Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh was registered as a representative union
        while the Mill Mazdoor Sabha was registered as a qualified union. It was
        contended on behalf to Mill Mazdoor Sabha of which the appellants before
        this Court were the office bearers that the provisions that conferred an
        exclusive right only on the representative union to represent workmen
        was violative of fundamental freedoms guaranted to the members of Mill
        Mazdoor Sabha . (1) [1954] SCR 384. 508 or any other workman who is not
        a member of the representative union under article 19 (1) (a) and (c)
        and was also violative of article 14 inasmuch as the two representatives
        of workmen were denied equality before law or the equal protection of
        laws. The Constitution Bench repelled the contention observing that such
        a provision does no t deny either the fundamental freedom of speech and
        expression or the right to form association. The Court said that it is
        always open to the workmen who are not members of the representative
        union to form their own association or union and to claim higher
        percentage of membership so as to dethrone the representative union and
        take its place. This decision should have concluded the matter.
  - source_sentence: What is the only course open for the Government in these circumstances?
    sentences:
      - >-
        This definition is undoubtedly relevant in dealing with the question of
        continuous service by reference to the provisions of Industrial Disputes
        ' Act but its operation cannot be automatically extended in dealing with
        an interpretation of the words "continuous service" in an award made in
        an industrial dispute unless the context in which the expression is used
        in the award justifies it. In other words, the expression "continuous
        service" may be statutorily defined in which case the definition will
        prevail. An award using the said expression may itself give a definition
        of that expression and that will bind parties in dealing with claims
        arising from the award. Where, however, the award does not explain the
        said expression and statutory definitions contained in other Acts are of
        no material assistance it would be necessary to examine the question on
        principle and decide what the expression should mean in any given award
        '; and that is precisely what the tribunal had to do in the present
        case.
      - >-
        Before the enactment of section 289(2) if it disagreed with the finding,
        it could reject the proceeding on the ground that the matter was
        cognizable by the other court, As neither court was bound by the finding
        of the other, the litigant could not get relief in any forum. Section
        289(2) has been specially enacted to avoid such a deadlock. In such a
        situation, section 289(2) compels the court to refer the matter to the
        High Court and to obtain a Provisions corresponding to sections 290, 291
        and 289(1) were contained in sections 124 A, 124B, 124C and 124D of the
        Oudh Rent Act 1886 and sections 268, 269 and 267(1) of the Agra Tenancy
        Act, 1926.
      - >-
        Sub section (1) of section 125 Cr. P.C. provides as under: "If any
        person having. sufficient means ne glects or refuses to maintain (a) his
        wife, unable to maintain herself or (b) his legitimate or illegitimate
        minor child, whether married or not, unable to maintain itself, or (c)
        his legitimate or illegitimate child (not being a married daughter) who
        has at tained majority, where such child is, by reason of any physical
        or mental abnormality or injury unable to maintain itself, or (d) his
        father or mother, unable to maintain himself or herself, a Magistrate of
        the first class may, upon proof of such neglect or refusal, order such
        person to make a monthly allowance for the maintenance of his wife or
        such child, father or mother, at such monthly rate not exceeding five
        hundred rupees in the whole, as such Magistrate thinks fit, and to pay
        the same to such person as the Magistrate may from time to time direct:
        Provided that the Magistrate may order the father of a minor female
        child referred to in clause (b) to make such allow ance, until she
        attains her majority, if the Magistrate is satisfied that the husband of
        such minor female child, if married, is not possessed of sufficient
        means. "
  - source_sentence: What decision did these cases follow?
    sentences:
      - >-
        Samples of the seized illicit liquor were sent to the Chemical Analyst
        whose report, dated 10th of January 1991, indicated that the samples
        contained ethyl alcohol 34% v/v in water.
      - >-
        In that view of the matter the Trial Court held that the respondent was
        not entitled to the protec tion of the Bombay Rent Act conferred on a
        licensee by Maharashtra Act 17 of 1973. The Court allowed the appel
        lants ' application and made an order under section 43 of the S.C.C. Act
        directing the respondent to vacate and hand over peaceful possession of
        the premises to the appellants within one month from the date of the
        order i.e. the 11th Octo ber, 1974. This order was not appealable. Hence
        respondent filed a revision before the High Court.
      - >-
        Next, we come to Shyam Lal. His alienations were as follows: 19 6 97
        Mortgage. Shops in Sanbhal. Owner. exhibit W 1(C.A. 94) 9 11 07 do House
        in Sambhal. No recital exhibit TT 1(C.A. 94) 17 9 09 do Bilalpat. do
        exhibit UU 1 (C. A. 94) In addition, he made the following transfers
        jointly with his brother Pyare Lal: 18 1 06 Mortgage. Bilalpat & shops
        No recitals. exhibit EEE 1 in Sambhal. (C.A.94) 21 2 10 do Bilalpat &
        Sabz. do exhibit AA 1(C.A 94) Pyare Lal also made two transfers on his
        own 23 9 18 Sale Bilalpat. "Devolved on exhibit 15(C.A. 94) me"from
        Nanak Chand by right of inheritance. 2 1 20 do do do exhibit 18 (C. A.
        93) Lastly, there is Bhukban Saran, who is Maha Devi 's daughter 's son.
        He transferred as follows: 26 3 18 SaleHouses, etc.in Absoluteand
        Sambhal. exclusive exhibit MM 1 (C.A.92) owner. 9 1 21 Relinquish
        Bilalpat do exhibit DD 1 (C.A. 93) ment.
  - source_sentence: What entry is mentioned in relation to tax on land?
    sentences:
      - >-
        Now it is true that the so called will of 1864 does not make provision
        for the grandsons, nor does it expressly confer an absolute estate on
        the legatees, but the witness is illiterate and had to depend on what he
        was told about the contents and meaning of the document, and what we
        have to test is the truth of his assertion that the plaintiff Mukand Ram
        and Kanhaiya Lal, and other members of the family, told him that Mst.
        Pato had given the property to her daughters and grandsons. If they told
        him this, as he says they did, then it operates as an admission against
        Mukand Ram and shifts the burden of proof to him because he was one of
        the persons who made the statement. The statements made by the others
        are not relevant except in so far as they prove the conduct of the
        family. The plaintiff (P.W. 11 in C.A. 91/50) admits that Mst. Pato
        divided the estate but says that it was only for convenience of
        management and that neither she nor her daughters had, or pretended to
        have, anything more than a life estate. He denies that there was any
        gift or family arrangement. But he had to admit that the grandsons also
        got properties at the same time. His explanation is that it was for the
        purposes of "shradh" and pilgrimage to Gaya and he says that though they
        were given possession they were not the "owners".
      - >-
        This Court rejected ' that submission and held that after vesting of all
        the rights mentioned in. section 6 of the Act in the State of Uttar
        Pradesh, new bhumidhari rights came into existence under section 18 of
        the Act.
      - >-
        In that connection, the following observations lay down the guide lines:
        "It is well settled that the entries in the three legislative lists have
        to be interpreted in their widest amplitude and there fore if a tax can
        reasonably be held to be a tax on land it will come within entry 49.
        Further it is equally well settled that tax on land may be based on the
        annual value of the land and would still be a tax on land and would not
        be beyond the com petence of the State legislature on the ground that it
        is a tax on income: (See Ralla Ram vs The province of East Punjab: It
        follows therefore that the use to which the land is put can be taken
        into account in imposing a tax (1) ; (2)Quoted in Liberty cinema: P.
        484. 339 on it within the meaning of entry 49 of List II, for the annual
        value of land which can certainly be taken into account in imposing a
        tax for the purpose of this entry would necessarily depend upon the use
        to which the land is put." (p. 49).
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers

SentenceTransformer

This is a sentence-transformers model trained. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("rossieRuby/nyayadrishti-bert-v2")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What entry is mentioned in relation to tax on land?',
    'In that connection, the following observations lay down the guide lines: "It is well settled that the entries in the three legislative lists have to be interpreted in their widest amplitude and there fore if a tax can reasonably be held to be a tax on land it will come within entry 49. Further it is equally well settled that tax on land may be based on the annual value of the land and would still be a tax on land and would not be beyond the com petence of the State legislature on the ground that it is a tax on income: (See Ralla Ram vs The province of East Punjab: It follows therefore that the use to which the land is put can be taken into account in imposing a tax (1) ; (2)Quoted in Liberty cinema: P. 484. 339 on it within the meaning of entry 49 of List II, for the annual value of land which can certainly be taken into account in imposing a tax for the purpose of this entry would necessarily depend upon the use to which the land is put." (p. 49).',
    'Now it is true that the so called will of 1864 does not make provision for the grandsons, nor does it expressly confer an absolute estate on the legatees, but the witness is illiterate and had to depend on what he was told about the contents and meaning of the document, and what we have to test is the truth of his assertion that the plaintiff Mukand Ram and Kanhaiya Lal, and other members of the family, told him that Mst. Pato had given the property to her daughters and grandsons. If they told him this, as he says they did, then it operates as an admission against Mukand Ram and shifts the burden of proof to him because he was one of the persons who made the statement. The statements made by the others are not relevant except in so far as they prove the conduct of the family. The plaintiff (P.W. 11 in C.A. 91/50) admits that Mst. Pato divided the estate but says that it was only for convenience of management and that neither she nor her daughters had, or pretended to have, anything more than a life estate. He denies that there was any gift or family arrangement. But he had to admit that the grandsons also got properties at the same time. His explanation is that it was for the purposes of "shradh" and pilgrimage to Gaya and he says that though they were given possession they were not the "owners".',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 29,992 training samples
• Columns: sentence_0, sentence_1, and label
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence_0	sentence_1	label
  type	string	string	float
  details	min: 7 tokens mean: 15.09 tokens max: 45 tokens	min: 10 tokens mean: 153.59 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 0.0 mean: 0.48 max: 1.0

• Samples:

  sentence_0	sentence_1	label
  Why did the respondents dispute the demurrage charges?	The respondents disputed the right of the Port Trust to charge any demurrage for the period during which the goods were detained by the Customs authorities for analytical test. as well as for the Import Trade Control formalities.	1.0
  What was the paid up capital of the subsidiary Company?	The paid up capital of the subsidiary Company was Rs. 7,91,100 divided into 7,911 shares of Rs. 100 each.	1.0
  How many parts does the schedule attached to the Act have?	The schedule attached to the Act specifies, under two parts, the employments in respect of which the minimum wages of the employees can be fixed; and section 27 authorises the "appropriate Government", after giving three months ' notice of its intention to do so, to add to either part of the schedule, any other employment, in respect of which it is of the opinion that minimum rates of wages should be fixed under the Act.	1.0

• Loss: CosineSimilarityLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss"
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• num_train_epochs: 1
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: no
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1
• num_train_epochs: 1
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.0
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• tp_size: 0
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss
0.2667	500	0.2532
0.5333	1000	0.2527
0.8	1500	0.2524

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.12
• Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
• Transformers: 4.51.3
• PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
• Accelerate: 1.6.0
• Datasets: 2.14.4
• Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}