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+ ---
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+ language: en
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+ tags:
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+ - tapas
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+ - sequence-classification
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ ---
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+
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+ # TAPAS large model
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+
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+ This model has 2 versions which can be used. The latest version, which is the default one, corresponds to the `tapas_inter_masklm_large_reset` checkpoint of the [original Github repository](https://github.com/google-research/tapas).
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+ This model was pre-trained on MLM and an additional step which the authors call intermediate pre-training. It uses relative position embeddings by default (i.e. resetting the position index at every cell of the table).
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+
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+ The other (non-default) version which can be used is the one with absolute position embeddings:
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+ - `revision="no_reset"`, which corresponds to `tapas_inter_masklm_large`
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+
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+ Disclaimer: The team releasing TAPAS did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by
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+ the Hugging Face team and contributors.
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+
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+ ## Model description
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+
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+ TAPAS is a BERT-like transformers model pretrained on a large corpus of English data from Wikipedia in a self-supervised fashion.
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+ This means it was pretrained on the raw tables and associated texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it
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+ can use lots of publicly available data) with an automatic process to generate inputs and labels from those texts. More precisely, it
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+ was pretrained with two objectives:
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+
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+ - Masked language modeling (MLM): taking a (flattened) table and associated context, the model randomly masks 15% of the words in
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+ the input, then runs the entire (partially masked) sequence through the model. The model then has to predict the masked words.
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+ This is different from traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that usually see the words one after the other,
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+ or from autoregressive models like GPT which internally mask the future tokens. It allows the model to learn a bidirectional
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+ representation of a table and associated text.
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+ - Intermediate pre-training: to encourage numerical reasoning on tables, the authors additionally pre-trained the model by creating
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+ a balanced dataset of millions of syntactically created training examples. Here, the model must predict (classify) whether a sentence
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+ is supported or refuted by the contents of a table. The training examples are created based on synthetic as well as counterfactual statements.
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+
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+ This way, the model learns an inner representation of the English language used in tables and associated texts, which can then be used
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+ to extract features useful for downstream tasks such as answering questions about a table, or determining whether a sentence is entailed
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+ or refuted by the contents of a table. Fine-tuning is done by adding one or more classification heads on top of the pre-trained model, and then
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+ jointly train these randomly initialized classification heads with the base model on a downstream task.
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+
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+
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+ ## Intended uses & limitations
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+
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+ You can use the raw model for getting hidden representatons about table-question pairs, but it's mostly intended to be fine-tuned on a downstream task such as question answering or sequence classification. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?filter=tapas) to look for fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you.
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+
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+
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+ ## Training procedure
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+
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+ ### Preprocessing
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+
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+ The texts are lowercased and tokenized using WordPiece and a vocabulary size of 30,000. The inputs of the model are
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+ then of the form:
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+
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+ ```
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+ [CLS] Sentence [SEP] Flattened table [SEP]
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Pre-training
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+
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+ The model was pre-trained on 32 Cloud TPU v3 cores for 1,000,000 steps with maximum sequence length 512 and batch size of 512.
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+ In this setup, pre-training on MLM only takes around 3 days. Aditionally, the model has been further pre-trained on a second task (table entailment). See the original TAPAS [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.398/) and the [follow-up paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.findings-emnlp.27/) for more details.
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+
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+ The optimizer used is Adam with a learning rate of 5e-5, and a warmup
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+ ratio of 0.01.
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+
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+ ### BibTeX entry and citation info
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{herzig2020tapas,
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+ title={TAPAS: Weakly Supervised Table Parsing via Pre-training},
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+ author={Jonathan Herzig and Paweł Krzysztof Nowak and Thomas Müller and Francesco Piccinno and Julian Martin Eisenschlos},
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+ year={2020},
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+ eprint={2004.02349},
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+ archivePrefix={arXiv},
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+ primaryClass={cs.IR}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{eisenschlos2020understanding,
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+ title={Understanding tables with intermediate pre-training},
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+ author={Julian Martin Eisenschlos and Syrine Krichene and Thomas Müller},
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+ year={2020},
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+ eprint={2010.00571},
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+ archivePrefix={arXiv},
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+ primaryClass={cs.CL}
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+ }
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+ ```