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---
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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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- lah
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- pnb
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datasets:
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- cis-lmu/Glot500
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- legacy-datasets/wikipedia
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- oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109
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library_name: transformers
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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tags:
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- goldfish
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---
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# pnb_arab_100mb
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Goldfish is a suite of monolingual language models trained for 350 languages.
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This model is the <b>Western Panjabi</b> (Arabic script) model trained on 100MB of data, after accounting for an estimated byte premium of 1.41; content-matched text in Western Panjabi takes on average 1.41x as many UTF-8 bytes to encode as English.
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The Goldfish models are trained primarily for comparability across languages and for low-resource languages; Goldfish performance for high-resource languages is not designed to be comparable with modern large language models (LLMs).
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Note: pnb_arab is an [individual language](https://iso639-3.sil.org/code_tables/639/data) code. It is not contained in any macrolanguage codes contained in Goldfish (for script arab).
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All training and hyperparameter details are in our paper, [Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages (Chang et al., 2024)](https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish/blob/main/goldfish_paper_20240815.pdf).
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Training code and sample usage: https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish
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Sample usage also in this Google Colab: [link](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1rHFpnQsyXJ32ONwCosWZ7frjOYjbGCXG?usp=sharing)
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## Model details:
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To access all Goldfish model details programmatically, see https://github.com/tylerachang/goldfish/model_details.json.
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All models are trained with a [CLS] (same as [BOS]) token prepended, and a [SEP] (same as [EOS]) token separating sequences.
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Details for this model specifically:
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* Architecture: gpt2
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* Parameters: 124770816
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* Maximum sequence length: 512 tokens
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* Training text data (raw): 141.46MB
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* Training text data (byte premium scaled): 100.005MB
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* Training tokens: 24761344 (x10 epochs)
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* Vocabulary size: 50000
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* Compute cost: 1.26391136550912e+17 FLOPs or ~11.9 NVIDIA A6000 GPU hours
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Training datasets (percentages prior to deduplication):
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* 51.15181%: [Glot500](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cis-lmu/Glot500), including [Wortschatz Leipzig Data](https://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/en/download), [OSCAR](https://oscar-project.org/), [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/en/), [Wikipedia Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/datasets/legacy-datasets/wikipedia)
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* 41.73099%: [Wikipedia 2023/08](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/)
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* 7.11696%: [OSCAR 2021/09](https://huggingface.co/datasets/oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109)
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* 0.00023%: [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/en/)
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## Citation
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If you use this model, please cite:
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```
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@article{chang-etal-2024-goldfish,
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title={Goldfish: Monolingual Language Models for 350 Languages},
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author={Chang, Tyler A. and Arnett, Catherine and Tu, Zhuowen and Bergen, Benjamin K.},
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journal={Preprint},
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year={2024},
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}
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```
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