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library_name: transformers
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Hardware
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#### Software
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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## Glossary [optional]
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## More Information [optional]
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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## Model Card Contact
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[More Information Needed]
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library_name: transformers
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pipeline_tag: image-classification
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license: apache-2.0
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tags:
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- dino
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- vision
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inference: false
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# Vision Transformer (base-sized model) trained using DINOv2, with registers
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Vision Transformer (ViT) model introduced in the paper [Vision Transformers Need Registers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.16588) by Darcet et al. and first released in [this repository](https://github.com/facebookresearch/dinov2).
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Disclaimer: The team releasing DINOv2 with registers did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team.
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## Model description
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The Vision Transformer (ViT) is a transformer encoder model (BERT-like) [originally introduced](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929) to do supervised image classification on ImageNet.
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Next, people figured out ways to make ViT work really well on self-supervised image feature extraction (i.e. learning meaningful features, also called embeddings) on
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images without requiring any labels. Some example papers here include [DINOv2](https://huggingface.co/papers/2304.07193) and [MAE](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06377).
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The authors of DINOv2 noticed that ViTs have artifacts in attention maps. It’s due to the model using some image patches as “registers”. The authors propose a fix: just add some new tokens (called "register" tokens), which you only use during pre-training (and throw away afterwards). This results in:
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- no artifacts
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- interpretable attention maps
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- and improved performances.
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<img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/transformers/model_doc/dinov2_with_registers_visualization.png"
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alt="drawing" width="600"/>
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<small> Visualization of attention maps of various models trained with vs. without registers. Taken from the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.16588">original paper</a>. </small>
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Note that this model does not include any fine-tuned heads.
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By pre-training the model, it learns an inner representation of images that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks: if you have a dataset of labeled images for instance, you can train a standard classifier by placing a linear layer on top of the pre-trained encoder. One typically places a linear layer on top of the [CLS] token, as the last hidden state of this token can be seen as a representation of an entire image.
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## Intended uses & limitations
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You can use the raw model to classify an image into one of the 1000 possible ImageNet classes. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?other=dinov2_with_registers) to look for
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fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you.
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### How to use
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Here is how to use this model:
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```python
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from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, AutoModelForImageClassification
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import torch
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from PIL import Image
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import requests
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url = 'http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg'
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image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
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processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained('facebook/dinov2-with-registers-base-imagenet1k-1-layer')
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model = AutoModelForImageClassification.from_pretrained('facebook/dinov2-with-registers-base-imagenet1k-1-layer')
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inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
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with torch.no_grad():
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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logits = outputs.logits
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class_idx = outputs.logits.argmax(-1).item()
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print("Predicted class:", model.config.id2label[class_idx])
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```
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### BibTeX entry and citation info
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```bibtex
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@misc{darcet2024visiontransformersneedregisters,
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title={Vision Transformers Need Registers},
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author={Timothée Darcet and Maxime Oquab and Julien Mairal and Piotr Bojanowski},
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year={2024},
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eprint={2309.16588},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CV},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.16588},
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}
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```
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