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Big Transfer (BiT)

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Big Transfer (BiT)

Overview

BiT モデルは、Alexander Kolesnikov、Lucas Beyer、Xiaohua Zhai、Joan Puigcerver、Jessica Yung、Sylvain Gelly によって Big Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learning で提案されました。ニール・ホールズビー。 BiT は、ResNet のようなアーキテクチャ (具体的には ResNetv2) の事前トレーニングをスケールアップするための簡単なレシピです。この方法により、転移学習が大幅に改善されます。

論文の要約は次のとおりです。

*事前トレーニングされた表現の転送により、サンプル効率が向上し、視覚用のディープ ニューラル ネットワークをトレーニングする際のハイパーパラメーター調整が簡素化されます。大規模な教師ありデータセットでの事前トレーニングと、ターゲット タスクでのモデルの微調整のパラダイムを再検討します。私たちは事前トレーニングをスケールアップし、Big Transfer (BiT) と呼ぶシンプルなレシピを提案します。いくつかの慎重に選択されたコンポーネントを組み合わせ、シンプルなヒューリスティックを使用して転送することにより、20 を超えるデータセットで優れたパフォーマンスを実現します。 BiT は、クラスごとに 1 つのサンプルから合計 100 万のサンプルまで、驚くほど広範囲のデータ領域にわたって良好にパフォーマンスを発揮します。 BiT は、ILSVRC-2012 で 87.5%、CIFAR-10 で 99.4%、19 タスクの Visual Task Adaptation Benchmark (VTAB) で 76.3% のトップ 1 精度を達成しました。小規模なデータセットでは、BiT は ILSVRC-2012 (クラスあたり 10 例) で 76.8%、CIFAR-10 (クラスあたり 10 例) で 97.0% を達成しました。高い転写性能を実現する主要成分を詳細に分析※。

Usage tips

  • BiT モデルは、アーキテクチャの点で ResNetv2 と同等ですが、次の点が異なります: 1) すべてのバッチ正規化層が グループ正規化 に置き換えられます。 2) 重みの標準化 は畳み込み層に使用されます。著者らは、両方の組み合わせが大きなバッチサイズでのトレーニングに役立ち、重要な効果があることを示しています。 転移学習への影響。

このモデルは、nielsr によって提供されました。 元のコードは こちら にあります。

Resources

BiT を始めるのに役立つ公式 Hugging Face およびコミュニティ (🌎 で示されている) リソースのリスト。

Image Classification

ここに含めるリソースの送信に興味がある場合は、お気軽にプル リクエストを開いてください。審査させていただきます。リソースは、既存のリソースを複製するのではなく、何か新しいものを示すことが理想的です。

BitConfig

class transformers.BitConfig

< >

( num_channels = 3 embedding_size = 64 hidden_sizes = [256, 512, 1024, 2048] depths = [3, 4, 6, 3] layer_type = 'preactivation' hidden_act = 'relu' global_padding = None num_groups = 32 drop_path_rate = 0.0 embedding_dynamic_padding = False output_stride = 32 width_factor = 1 out_features = None out_indices = None **kwargs )

Parameters

  • num_channels (int, optional, defaults to 3) — The number of input channels.
  • embedding_size (int, optional, defaults to 64) — Dimensionality (hidden size) for the embedding layer.
  • hidden_sizes (List[int], optional, defaults to [256, 512, 1024, 2048]) — Dimensionality (hidden size) at each stage.
  • depths (List[int], optional, defaults to [3, 4, 6, 3]) — Depth (number of layers) for each stage.
  • layer_type (str, optional, defaults to "preactivation") — The layer to use, it can be either "preactivation" or "bottleneck".
  • hidden_act (str, optional, defaults to "relu") — The non-linear activation function in each block. If string, "gelu", "relu", "selu" and "gelu_new" are supported.
  • global_padding (str, optional) — Padding strategy to use for the convolutional layers. Can be either "valid", "same", or None.
  • num_groups (int, optional, defaults to 32) — Number of groups used for the BitGroupNormActivation layers.
  • drop_path_rate (float, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The drop path rate for the stochastic depth.
  • embedding_dynamic_padding (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to make use of dynamic padding for the embedding layer.
  • output_stride (int, optional, defaults to 32) — The output stride of the model.
  • width_factor (int, optional, defaults to 1) — The width factor for the model.
  • out_features (List[str], optional) — If used as backbone, list of features to output. Can be any of "stem", "stage1", "stage2", etc. (depending on how many stages the model has). If unset and out_indices is set, will default to the corresponding stages. If unset and out_indices is unset, will default to the last stage. Must be in the same order as defined in the stage_names attribute.
  • out_indices (List[int], optional) — If used as backbone, list of indices of features to output. Can be any of 0, 1, 2, etc. (depending on how many stages the model has). If unset and out_features is set, will default to the corresponding stages. If unset and out_features is unset, will default to the last stage. Must be in the same order as defined in the stage_names attribute.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a BitModel. It is used to instantiate an BiT model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the BiT google/bit-50 architecture.

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Example:

>>> from transformers import BitConfig, BitModel

>>> # Initializing a BiT bit-50 style configuration
>>> configuration = BitConfig()

>>> # Initializing a model (with random weights) from the bit-50 style configuration
>>> model = BitModel(configuration)

>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> configuration = model.config

BitImageProcessor

class transformers.BitImageProcessor

< >

( do_resize: bool = True size: Dict = None resample: Resampling = <Resampling.BICUBIC: 3> do_center_crop: bool = True crop_size: Dict = None do_rescale: bool = True rescale_factor: Union = 0.00392156862745098 do_normalize: bool = True image_mean: Union = None image_std: Union = None do_convert_rgb: bool = True **kwargs )

Parameters

  • do_resize (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to resize the image’s (height, width) dimensions to the specified size. Can be overridden by do_resize in the preprocess method.
  • size (Dict[str, int] optional, defaults to {"shortest_edge" -- 224}): Size of the image after resizing. The shortest edge of the image is resized to size[“shortest_edge”], with the longest edge resized to keep the input aspect ratio. Can be overridden by size in the preprocess method.
  • resample (PILImageResampling, optional, defaults to PILImageResampling.BICUBIC) — Resampling filter to use if resizing the image. Can be overridden by resample in the preprocess method.
  • do_center_crop (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to center crop the image to the specified crop_size. Can be overridden by do_center_crop in the preprocess method.
  • crop_size (Dict[str, int] optional, defaults to 224) — Size of the output image after applying center_crop. Can be overridden by crop_size in the preprocess method.
  • do_rescale (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to rescale the image by the specified scale rescale_factor. Can be overridden by do_rescale in the preprocess method.
  • rescale_factor (int or float, optional, defaults to 1/255) — Scale factor to use if rescaling the image. Can be overridden by rescale_factor in the preprocess method. do_normalize — Whether to normalize the image. Can be overridden by do_normalize in the preprocess method.
  • image_mean (float or List[float], optional, defaults to OPENAI_CLIP_MEAN) — Mean to use if normalizing the image. This is a float or list of floats the length of the number of channels in the image. Can be overridden by the image_mean parameter in the preprocess method.
  • image_std (float or List[float], optional, defaults to OPENAI_CLIP_MEAN) — Standard deviation to use if normalizing the image. This is a float or list of floats the length of the number of channels in the image. Can be overridden by the image_std parameter in the preprocess method. Can be overridden by the image_std parameter in the preprocess method.
  • do_convert_rgb (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to convert the image to RGB.

Constructs a BiT image processor.

preprocess

< >

( images: Union do_resize: bool = None size: Dict = None resample: Resampling = None do_center_crop: bool = None crop_size: int = None do_rescale: bool = None rescale_factor: float = None do_normalize: bool = None image_mean: Union = None image_std: Union = None do_convert_rgb: bool = None return_tensors: Union = None data_format: Optional = <ChannelDimension.FIRST: 'channels_first'> input_data_format: Union = None **kwargs )

Parameters

  • images (ImageInput) — Image to preprocess. Expects a single or batch of images with pixel values ranging from 0 to 255. If passing in images with pixel values between 0 and 1, set do_rescale=False.
  • do_resize (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_resize) — Whether to resize the image.
  • size (Dict[str, int], optional, defaults to self.size) — Size of the image after resizing. Shortest edge of the image is resized to size[“shortest_edge”], with the longest edge resized to keep the input aspect ratio.
  • resample (int, optional, defaults to self.resample) — Resampling filter to use if resizing the image. This can be one of the enum PILImageResampling. Only has an effect if do_resize is set to True.
  • do_center_crop (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_center_crop) — Whether to center crop the image.
  • crop_size (Dict[str, int], optional, defaults to self.crop_size) — Size of the center crop. Only has an effect if do_center_crop is set to True.
  • do_rescale (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_rescale) — Whether to rescale the image.
  • rescale_factor (float, optional, defaults to self.rescale_factor) — Rescale factor to rescale the image by if do_rescale is set to True.
  • do_normalize (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_normalize) — Whether to normalize the image.
  • image_mean (float or List[float], optional, defaults to self.image_mean) — Image mean to use for normalization. Only has an effect if do_normalize is set to True.
  • image_std (float or List[float], optional, defaults to self.image_std) — Image standard deviation to use for normalization. Only has an effect if do_normalize is set to True.
  • do_convert_rgb (bool, optional, defaults to self.do_convert_rgb) — Whether to convert the image to RGB.
  • return_tensors (str or TensorType, optional) — The type of tensors to return. Can be one of:
    • Unset: Return a list of np.ndarray.
    • TensorType.TENSORFLOW or 'tf': Return a batch of type tf.Tensor.
    • TensorType.PYTORCH or 'pt': Return a batch of type torch.Tensor.
    • TensorType.NUMPY or 'np': Return a batch of type np.ndarray.
    • TensorType.JAX or 'jax': Return a batch of type jax.numpy.ndarray.
  • data_format (ChannelDimension or str, optional, defaults to ChannelDimension.FIRST) — The channel dimension format for the output image. Can be one of:
    • "channels_first" or ChannelDimension.FIRST: image in (num_channels, height, width) format.
    • "channels_last" or ChannelDimension.LAST: image in (height, width, num_channels) format.
    • Unset: Use the channel dimension format of the input image.
  • input_data_format (ChannelDimension or str, optional) — The channel dimension format for the input image. If unset, the channel dimension format is inferred from the input image. Can be one of:
    • "channels_first" or ChannelDimension.FIRST: image in (num_channels, height, width) format.
    • "channels_last" or ChannelDimension.LAST: image in (height, width, num_channels) format.
    • "none" or ChannelDimension.NONE: image in (height, width) format.

Preprocess an image or batch of images.

BitModel

class transformers.BitModel

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (BitConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The bare BiT model outputting raw features without any specific head on top. This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( pixel_values: Tensor output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) → transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndNoAttention or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • pixel_values (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_channels, height, width)) — Pixel values. Pixel values can be obtained using AutoImageProcessor. See BitImageProcessor.call() for details.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndNoAttention or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndNoAttention or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BitConfig) and inputs.

  • last_hidden_state (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_channels, height, width)) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

  • pooler_output (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, hidden_size)) — Last layer hidden-state after a pooling operation on the spatial dimensions.

  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_channels, height, width).

    Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.

The BitModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, BitModel
>>> import torch
>>> from datasets import load_dataset

>>> dataset = load_dataset("huggingface/cats-image")
>>> image = dataset["test"]["image"][0]

>>> image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("google/bit-50")
>>> model = BitModel.from_pretrained("google/bit-50")

>>> inputs = image_processor(image, return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state
>>> list(last_hidden_states.shape)
[1, 2048, 7, 7]

BitForImageClassification

class transformers.BitForImageClassification

< >

( config )

Parameters

  • config (BitConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

BiT Model with an image classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled features), e.g. for ImageNet.

This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

< >

( pixel_values: Optional = None labels: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) → transformers.modeling_outputs.ImageClassifierOutputWithNoAttention or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • pixel_values (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_channels, height, width)) — Pixel values. Pixel values can be obtained using AutoImageProcessor. See BitImageProcessor.call() for details.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
  • labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for computing the image classification/regression loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]. If config.num_labels > 1 a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.ImageClassifierOutputWithNoAttention or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.ImageClassifierOutputWithNoAttention or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (BitConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.
  • logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, config.num_labels)) — Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).
  • hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each stage) of shape (batch_size, num_channels, height, width). Hidden-states (also called feature maps) of the model at the output of each stage.

The BitForImageClassification forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, BitForImageClassification
>>> import torch
>>> from datasets import load_dataset

>>> dataset = load_dataset("huggingface/cats-image")
>>> image = dataset["test"]["image"][0]

>>> image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("google/bit-50")
>>> model = BitForImageClassification.from_pretrained("google/bit-50")

>>> inputs = image_processor(image, return_tensors="pt")

>>> with torch.no_grad():
...     logits = model(**inputs).logits

>>> # model predicts one of the 1000 ImageNet classes
>>> predicted_label = logits.argmax(-1).item()
>>> print(model.config.id2label[predicted_label])
tiger cat

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