Quantization
Quantization techniques reduce memory and computational costs by representing weights and activations with lower-precision data types like 8-bit integers (int8). This enables loading larger models you normally wouldn’t be able to fit into memory, and speeding up inference. Transformers supports the AWQ and GPTQ quantization algorithms and it supports 8-bit and 4-bit quantization with bitsandbytes.
Quantization techniques that aren’t supported in Transformers can be added with the HfQuantizer
class.
Learn how to quantize models in the Quantization guide.
QuantoConfig
class transformers.QuantoConfig
< source >( weights = 'int8' activations = None modules_to_not_convert: Optional = None **kwargs )
Parameters
- weights (
str
, optional, defaults to"int8"
) — The target dtype for the weights after quantization. Supported values are (“float8”,“int8”,“int4”,“int2”) - activations (
str
, optional) — The target dtype for the activations after quantization. Supported values are (None,“int8”,“float8”) - modules_to_not_convert (
list
, optional, default toNone
) — The list of modules to not quantize, useful for quantizing models that explicitly require to have some modules left in their original precision (e.g. Whisper encoder, Llava encoder, Mixtral gate layers).
This is a wrapper class about all possible attributes and features that you can play with a model that has been
loaded using quanto
.
Safety checker that arguments are correct
AqlmConfig
class transformers.AqlmConfig
< source >( in_group_size: int = 8 out_group_size: int = 1 num_codebooks: int = 1 nbits_per_codebook: int = 16 linear_weights_not_to_quantize: Optional = None **kwargs )
Parameters
- in_group_size (
int
, optional, defaults to 8) — The group size along the input dimension. - out_group_size (
int
, optional, defaults to 1) — The group size along the output dimension. It’s recommended to always use 1. - num_codebooks (
int
, optional, defaults to 1) — Number of codebooks for the Additive Quantization procedure. - nbits_per_codebook (
int
, optional, defaults to 16) — Number of bits encoding a single codebook vector. Codebooks size is 2**nbits_per_codebook. - linear_weights_not_to_quantize (
Optional[List[str]]
, optional) — List of full paths ofnn.Linear
weight parameters that shall not be quantized. - kwargs (
Dict[str, Any]
, optional) — Additional parameters from which to initialize the configuration object.
This is a wrapper class about aqlm
parameters.
Safety checker that arguments are correct - also replaces some NoneType arguments with their default values.
AwqConfig
class transformers.AwqConfig
< source >( bits: int = 4 group_size: int = 128 zero_point: bool = True version: AWQLinearVersion = <AWQLinearVersion.GEMM: 'gemm'> backend: AwqBackendPackingMethod = <AwqBackendPackingMethod.AUTOAWQ: 'autoawq'> do_fuse: Optional = None fuse_max_seq_len: Optional = None modules_to_fuse: Optional = None modules_to_not_convert: Optional = None exllama_config: Optional = None **kwargs )
Parameters
- bits (
int
, optional, defaults to 4) — The number of bits to quantize to. - group_size (
int
, optional, defaults to 128) — The group size to use for quantization. Recommended value is 128 and -1 uses per-column quantization. - zero_point (
bool
, optional, defaults toTrue
) — Whether to use zero point quantization. - version (
AWQLinearVersion
, optional, defaults toAWQLinearVersion.GEMM
) — The version of the quantization algorithm to use. GEMM is better for big batch_size (e.g. >= 8) otherwise, GEMV is better (e.g. < 8 ). GEMM models are compatible with Exllama kernels. - backend (
AwqBackendPackingMethod
, optional, defaults toAwqBackendPackingMethod.AUTOAWQ
) — The quantization backend. Some models might be quantized usingllm-awq
backend. This is useful for users that quantize their own models usingllm-awq
library. - do_fuse (
bool
, optional, defaults toFalse
) — Whether to fuse attention and mlp layers together for faster inference - fuse_max_seq_len (
int
, optional) — The Maximum sequence length to generate when using fusing. - modules_to_fuse (
dict
, optional, default toNone
) — Overwrite the natively supported fusing scheme with the one specified by the users. - modules_to_not_convert (
list
, optional, default toNone
) — The list of modules to not quantize, useful for quantizing models that explicitly require to have some modules left in their original precision (e.g. Whisper encoder, Llava encoder, Mixtral gate layers). Note you cannot quantize directly with transformers, please refer toAutoAWQ
documentation for quantizing HF models. - exllama_config (
Dict[str, Any]
, optional) — You can specify the version of the exllama kernel through theversion
key, the maximum sequence length through themax_input_len
key, and the maximum batch size through themax_batch_size
key. Defaults to{"version": 2, "max_input_len": 2048, "max_batch_size": 8}
if unset.
This is a wrapper class about all possible attributes and features that you can play with a model that has been
loaded using auto-awq
library awq quantization relying on auto_awq backend.
Safety checker that arguments are correct
GPTQConfig
class transformers.GPTQConfig
< source >( bits: int tokenizer: Any = None dataset: Union = None group_size: int = 128 damp_percent: float = 0.1 desc_act: bool = False sym: bool = True true_sequential: bool = True use_cuda_fp16: bool = False model_seqlen: Optional = None block_name_to_quantize: Optional = None module_name_preceding_first_block: Optional = None batch_size: int = 1 pad_token_id: Optional = None use_exllama: Optional = None max_input_length: Optional = None exllama_config: Optional = None cache_block_outputs: bool = True modules_in_block_to_quantize: Optional = None **kwargs )
Parameters
- bits (
int
) — The number of bits to quantize to, supported numbers are (2, 3, 4, 8). - tokenizer (
str
orPreTrainedTokenizerBase
, optional) — The tokenizer used to process the dataset. You can pass either:- A custom tokenizer object.
- A string, the model id of a predefined tokenizer hosted inside a model repo on huggingface.co.
- A path to a directory containing vocabulary files required by the tokenizer, for instance saved
using the save_pretrained() method, e.g.,
./my_model_directory/
.
- dataset (
Union[List[str]]
, optional) — The dataset used for quantization. You can provide your own dataset in a list of string or just use the original datasets used in GPTQ paper [‘wikitext2’,‘c4’,‘c4-new’,‘ptb’,‘ptb-new’] - group_size (
int
, optional, defaults to 128) — The group size to use for quantization. Recommended value is 128 and -1 uses per-column quantization. - damp_percent (
float
, optional, defaults to 0.1) — The percent of the average Hessian diagonal to use for dampening. Recommended value is 0.1. - desc_act (
bool
, optional, defaults toFalse
) — Whether to quantize columns in order of decreasing activation size. Setting it to False can significantly speed up inference but the perplexity may become slightly worse. Also known as act-order. - sym (
bool
, optional, defaults toTrue
) — Whether to use symetric quantization. - true_sequential (
bool
, optional, defaults toTrue
) — Whether to perform sequential quantization even within a single Transformer block. Instead of quantizing the entire block at once, we perform layer-wise quantization. As a result, each layer undergoes quantization using inputs that have passed through the previously quantized layers. - use_cuda_fp16 (
bool
, optional, defaults toFalse
) — Whether or not to use optimized cuda kernel for fp16 model. Need to have model in fp16. - model_seqlen (
int
, optional) — The maximum sequence length that the model can take. - block_name_to_quantize (
str
, optional) — The transformers block name to quantize. If None, we will infer the block name using common patterns (e.g. model.layers) - module_name_preceding_first_block (
List[str]
, optional) — The layers that are preceding the first Transformer block. - batch_size (
int
, optional, defaults to 1) — The batch size used when processing the dataset - pad_token_id (
int
, optional) — The pad token id. Needed to prepare the dataset whenbatch_size
> 1. - use_exllama (
bool
, optional) — Whether to use exllama backend. Defaults toTrue
if unset. Only works withbits
= 4. - max_input_length (
int
, optional) — The maximum input length. This is needed to initialize a buffer that depends on the maximum expected input length. It is specific to the exllama backend with act-order. - exllama_config (
Dict[str, Any]
, optional) — The exllama config. You can specify the version of the exllama kernel through theversion
key. Defaults to{"version": 1}
if unset. - cache_block_outputs (
bool
, optional, defaults toTrue
) — Whether to cache block outputs to reuse as inputs for the succeeding block. - modules_in_block_to_quantize (
List[List[str]]
, optional) — List of list of module names to quantize in the specified block. This argument is useful to exclude certain linear modules from being quantized. The block to quantize can be specified by settingblock_name_to_quantize
. We will quantize each list sequentially. If not set, we will quantize all linear layers. Example:modules_in_block_to_quantize =[["self_attn.k_proj", "self_attn.v_proj", "self_attn.q_proj"], ["self_attn.o_proj"]]
. In this example, we will first quantize the q,k,v layers simultaneously since they are independent. Then, we will quantizeself_attn.o_proj
layer with the q,k,v layers quantized. This way, we will get better results since it reflects the real inputself_attn.o_proj
will get when the model is quantized.
This is a wrapper class about all possible attributes and features that you can play with a model that has been
loaded using optimum
api for gptq quantization relying on auto_gptq backend.
Get compatible class with optimum gptq config dict
Safety checker that arguments are correct
Get compatible dict for optimum gptq config
BitsAndBytesConfig
class transformers.BitsAndBytesConfig
< source >( load_in_8bit = False load_in_4bit = False llm_int8_threshold = 6.0 llm_int8_skip_modules = None llm_int8_enable_fp32_cpu_offload = False llm_int8_has_fp16_weight = False bnb_4bit_compute_dtype = None bnb_4bit_quant_type = 'fp4' bnb_4bit_use_double_quant = False bnb_4bit_quant_storage = None **kwargs )
Parameters
- load_in_8bit (
bool
, optional, defaults toFalse
) — This flag is used to enable 8-bit quantization with LLM.int8(). - load_in_4bit (
bool
, optional, defaults toFalse
) — This flag is used to enable 4-bit quantization by replacing the Linear layers with FP4/NF4 layers frombitsandbytes
. - llm_int8_threshold (
float
, optional, defaults to 6.0) — This corresponds to the outlier threshold for outlier detection as described inLLM.int8() : 8-bit Matrix Multiplication for Transformers at Scale
paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.07339 Any hidden states value that is above this threshold will be considered an outlier and the operation on those values will be done in fp16. Values are usually normally distributed, that is, most values are in the range [-3.5, 3.5], but there are some exceptional systematic outliers that are very differently distributed for large models. These outliers are often in the interval [-60, -6] or [6, 60]. Int8 quantization works well for values of magnitude ~5, but beyond that, there is a significant performance penalty. A good default threshold is 6, but a lower threshold might be needed for more unstable models (small models, fine-tuning). - llm_int8_skip_modules (
List[str]
, optional) — An explicit list of the modules that we do not want to convert in 8-bit. This is useful for models such as Jukebox that has several heads in different places and not necessarily at the last position. For example forCausalLM
models, the lastlm_head
is kept in its originaldtype
. - llm_int8_enable_fp32_cpu_offload (
bool
, optional, defaults toFalse
) — This flag is used for advanced use cases and users that are aware of this feature. If you want to split your model in different parts and run some parts in int8 on GPU and some parts in fp32 on CPU, you can use this flag. This is useful for offloading large models such asgoogle/flan-t5-xxl
. Note that the int8 operations will not be run on CPU. - llm_int8_has_fp16_weight (
bool
, optional, defaults toFalse
) — This flag runs LLM.int8() with 16-bit main weights. This is useful for fine-tuning as the weights do not have to be converted back and forth for the backward pass. - bnb_4bit_compute_dtype (
torch.dtype
or str, optional, defaults totorch.float32
) — This sets the computational type which might be different than the input time. For example, inputs might be fp32, but computation can be set to bf16 for speedups. - bnb_4bit_quant_type (
str
, optional, defaults to"fp4"
) — This sets the quantization data type in the bnb.nn.Linear4Bit layers. Options are FP4 and NF4 data types which are specified byfp4
ornf4
. - bnb_4bit_use_double_quant (
bool
, optional, defaults toFalse
) — This flag is used for nested quantization where the quantization constants from the first quantization are quantized again. - bnb_4bit_quant_storage (
torch.dtype
or str, optional, defaults totorch.uint8
) — This sets the storage type to pack the quanitzed 4-bit prarams. - kwargs (
Dict[str, Any]
, optional) — Additional parameters from which to initialize the configuration object.
This is a wrapper class about all possible attributes and features that you can play with a model that has been
loaded using bitsandbytes
.
This replaces load_in_8bit
or load_in_4bit
therefore both options are mutually exclusive.
Currently only supports LLM.int8()
, FP4
, and NF4
quantization. If more methods are added to bitsandbytes
,
then more arguments will be added to this class.
Returns True
if the model is quantizable, False
otherwise.
Safety checker that arguments are correct - also replaces some NoneType arguments with their default values.
This method returns the quantization method used for the model. If the model is not quantizable, it returns
None
.
to_diff_dict
< source >( ) → Dict[str, Any]
Returns
Dict[str, Any]
Dictionary of all the attributes that make up this configuration instance,
Removes all attributes from config which correspond to the default config attributes for better readability and serializes to a Python dictionary.
HfQuantizer
class transformers.quantizers.HfQuantizer
< source >( quantization_config: QuantizationConfigMixin **kwargs )
Abstract class of the HuggingFace quantizer. Supports for now quantizing HF transformers models for inference and/or quantization. This class is used only for transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained and cannot be easily used outside the scope of that method yet.
Attributes
quantization_config (transformers.utils.quantization_config.QuantizationConfigMixin
):
The quantization config that defines the quantization parameters of your model that you want to quantize.
modules_to_not_convert (List[str]
, optional):
The list of module names to not convert when quantizing the model.
required_packages (List[str]
, optional):
The list of required pip packages to install prior to using the quantizer
requires_calibration (bool
):
Whether the quantization method requires to calibrate the model before using it.
requires_parameters_quantization (bool
):
Whether the quantization method requires to create a new Parameter. For example, for bitsandbytes, it is
required to create a new xxxParameter in order to properly quantize the model.
adjust max_memory argument for infer_auto_device_map() if extra memory is needed for quantization
adjust_target_dtype
< source >( torch_dtype: torch.dtype )
Override this method if you want to adjust the target_dtype
variable used in from_pretrained
to compute the device_map in case the device_map is a str
. E.g. for bitsandbytes we force-set target_dtype
to torch.int8
and for 4-bit we pass a custom enum accelerate.CustomDtype.int4
.
check_quantized_param
< source >( model: PreTrainedModel param_value: torch.Tensor param_name: str state_dict: Dict **kwargs )
checks if a loaded state_dict component is part of quantized param + some validation; only defined if requires_parameters_quantization == True for quantization methods that require to create a new parameters for quantization.
takes needed components from state_dict and creates quantized param; only applicable if requires_parameters_quantization == True
get_special_dtypes_update
< source >( model torch_dtype: torch.dtype )
returns dtypes for modules that are not quantized - used for the computation of the device_map in case
one passes a str as a device_map. The method will use the modules_to_not_convert
that is modified
in _process_model_before_weight_loading
.
postprocess_model
< source >( model: PreTrainedModel **kwargs )
Post-process the model post weights loading.
Make sure to override the abstract method _process_model_after_weight_loading
.
preprocess_model
< source >( model: PreTrainedModel **kwargs )
Setting model attributes and/or converting model before weights loading. At this point
the model should be initialized on the meta device so you can freely manipulate the skeleton
of the model in order to replace modules in-place. Make sure to override the abstract method _process_model_before_weight_loading
.
update_device_map
< source >( device_map: Optional )
Override this method if you want to pass a override the existing device map with a new
one. E.g. for bitsandbytes, since accelerate
is a hard requirement, if no device_map is
passed, the device_map is set to `“auto”“
update_missing_keys
< source >( model missing_keys: List prefix: str )
Override this method if you want to adjust the missing_keys
.
update_torch_dtype
< source >( torch_dtype: torch.dtype )
Some quantization methods require to explicitly set the dtype of the model to a target dtype. You need to override this method in case you want to make sure that behavior is preserved
This method is used to potentially check for potential conflicts with arguments that are
passed in from_pretrained
. You need to define it for all future quantizers that are integrated with transformers.
If no explicit check are needed, simply return nothing.