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VisionTextDualEncoder

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VisionTextDualEncoder

Overview

The VisionTextDualEncoderModel can be used to initialize a vision-text dual encoder model with any pretrained vision autoencoding model as the vision encoder (e.g. ViT, BEiT, DeiT) and any pretrained text autoencoding model as the text encoder (e.g. RoBERTa, BERT). Two projection layers are added on top of both the vision and text encoder to project the output embeddings to a shared latent space. The projection layers are randomly initialized so the model should be fine-tuned on a downstream task. This model can be used to align the vision-text embeddings using CLIP like contrastive image-text training and then can be used for zero-shot vision tasks such image-classification or retrieval.

In LiT: Zero-Shot Transfer with Locked-image Text Tuning it is shown how leveraging pre-trained (locked/frozen) image and text model for contrastive learning yields significant improvment on new zero-shot vision tasks such as image classification or retrieval.

VisionTextDualEncoderConfig

class transformers.VisionTextDualEncoderConfig < >

( projection_dim = 512 logit_scale_init_value = 2.6592 **kwargs )

Parameters

  • text_config_dict (dict) — Dictionary of configuration options that defines text model config.
  • vision_config_dict (dict) — Dictionary of configuration options that defines vison model config.
  • projection_dim (int, optional, defaults to 512) — Dimentionality of text and vision projection layers.
  • logit_scale_init_value (float, optional, defaults to 2.6592) — The inital value of the logit_scale paramter. Default is used as per the original CLIP implementation.
  • kwargs (optional) — Dictionary of keyword arguments.

VisionTextDualEncoderConfig is the configuration class to store the configuration of a VisionTextDualEncoderModel. It is used to instantiate VisionTextDualEncoderModel model according to the specified arguments, defining the text model and vision model configs.

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Examples:

>>> from transformers import ViTConfig, BertConfig, VisionTextDualEncoderConfig, VisionTextDualEncoderModel

>>> # Initializing a BERT and ViT configuration
>>> config_vision = ViTConfig()
>>> config_text = BertConfig()

>>> config = VisionTextDualEncoderConfig.from_vision_text_configs(config_vision, config_text, projection_dim=512)

>>> # Initializing a BERT and ViT model
>>> model = VisionTextDualEncoderModel(config=config)

>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> config_vision  = model.config.vision_config
>>> config_text = model.config.text_config

>>> # Saving the model, including its configuration
>>> model.save_pretrained('my-model')

>>> # loading model and config from pretrained folder
>>> vision_text_config = VisionTextDualEncoderConfig.from_pretrained('vit-bert')
>>> model = VisionTextDualEncoderModel.from_pretrained('vit-bert', config=vision_text_config)
from_vision_text_configs < >

( vision_config: PretrainedConfig text_config: PretrainedConfig **kwargs ) → VisionTextDualEncoderConfig

Returns

VisionTextDualEncoderConfig

An instance of a configuration object

Instantiate a VisionTextDualEncoderConfig (or a derived class) from text model configuration and vision model configuration.

to_dict < >

( ) → Dict[str, any]

Returns

Dict[str, any]

Dictionary of all the attributes that make up this configuration instance,

Serializes this instance to a Python dictionary. Override the default to_dict().

VisionTextDualEncoderProcessor

class transformers.VisionTextDualEncoderProcessor < >

( feature_extractor: FeatureExtractionMixin tokenizer: typing.Union[transformers.tokenization_utils.PreTrainedTokenizer, transformers.tokenization_utils_fast.PreTrainedTokenizerFast] )

Parameters

Constructs a VisionTextDualEncoder processor which wraps a vision feature extractor and a tokenizer into a single processor.

VisionTextDualEncoderProcessor offers all the functionalities of AutoFeatureExtractor and AutoTokenizer. See the __call__() and decode() for more information.

batch_decode < >

( *args **kwargs )

This method forwards all its arguments to VisionTextDualEncoderTokenizer’s batch_decode(). Please refer to the docstring of this method for more information.

decode < >

( *args **kwargs )

This method forwards all its arguments to VisionTextDualEncoderTokenizer’s decode(). Please refer to the docstring of this method for more information.

from_pretrained < >

( pretrained_model_name_or_path **kwargs )

Parameters

  • pretrained_model_name_or_path (str or os.PathLike) — This can be either:

    • a string, the model id of a pretrained feature_extractor hosted inside a model repo on huggingface.co. Valid model ids can be located at the root-level, like bert-base-uncased, or namespaced under a user or organization name, like dbmdz/bert-base-german-cased.
    • a path to a directory containing a feature extractor file saved using the save_pretrained method, e.g., ./my_model_directory/.
    • a path or url to a saved feature extractor JSON file, e.g., ./my_model_directory/preprocessor_config.json.

Instantiate a VisionTextDualEncoderProcessor from a pretrained VisionTextDualEncoder processor.

This class method is simply calling AutoFeatureExtractor’s from_pretrained and AutoTokenizer’s from_pretrained. Please refer to the docstrings of the methods above for more information.

save_pretrained < >

( save_directory )

Parameters

  • save_directory (str or os.PathLike) — Directory where the feature extractor JSON file and the tokenizer files will be saved (directory will be created if it does not exist).

Save a VisionTextDualEncoder feature extractor object and VisionTextDualEncoder tokenizer object to the directory save_directory, so that it can be re-loaded using the from_pretrained() class method.

This class method is simply calling save_pretrained and save_pretrained. Please refer to the docstrings of the methods above for more information.

VisionTextDualEncoderModel

class transformers.VisionTextDualEncoderModel < >

( config: typing.Optional[transformers.models.vision_text_dual_encoder.configuration_vision_text_dual_encoder.VisionTextDualEncoderConfig] = None vision_model: typing.Optional[transformers.modeling_utils.PreTrainedModel] = None text_model: typing.Optional[transformers.modeling_utils.PreTrainedModel] = None )

Parameters

  • config (VisionEncoderDecoderConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

This class can be used to initialize a vision-text dual encoder model with any pretrained vision autoencoding model as the vision encoder and any pretrained text model as the text encoder. The vision and text encoders are loaded via the from_pretrained() method. The projection layers are automatically added to the model and should be fine-tuned on a downstream task, like contrastive image-text modeling.

In LiT: Zero-Shot Transfer with Locked-image Text Tuning it is shown how leveraging pre-trained (locked/frozen) image and text model for contrastive learning yields significant improvment on new zero-shot vision tasks such as image classification or retrieval.

After such a Vision-Text-Dual-Encoder model has been trained/fine-tuned, it can be saved/loaded just like any other models (see the examples for more information).

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward < >

( input_ids = None pixel_values = None attention_mask = None position_ids = None return_loss = None token_type_ids = None output_attentions = None output_hidden_states = None return_dict = None ) → CLIPOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

    Indices can be obtained using CLIPTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • pixel_values (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_channels, height, width)) — Pixel values. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it. Pixel values can be obtained using a feature extractor (e.g. if you use ViT as the encoder, you should use ViTFeatureExtractor). See transformers.ViTFeatureExtractor.call() for details.
  • return_loss (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the contrastive loss.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

CLIPOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A CLIPOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (VisionTextDualEncoderConfig) and inputs.

  • loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when return_loss is True) — Contrastive loss for image-text similarity.
  • logits_per_image:(torch.FloatTensor of shape (image_batch_size, text_batch_size)) — The scaled dot product scores between image_embeds and text_embeds. This represents the image-text similarity scores.
  • logits_per_text:(torch.FloatTensor of shape (text_batch_size, image_batch_size)) — The scaled dot product scores between text_embeds and image_embeds. This represents the text-image similarity scores.
  • text_embeds(torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, output_dim) — The text embeddings obtained by applying the projection layer to the pooled output of CLIPTextModel.
  • image_embeds(torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, output_dim) — The image embeddings obtained by applying the projection layer to the pooled output of CLIPVisionModel.
  • text_model_output(BaseModelOutputWithPooling): The output of the CLIPTextModel.
  • vision_model_output(BaseModelOutputWithPooling): The output of the CLIPVisionModel.

The VisionTextDualEncoderModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> import requests
>>> from transformers import VisionTextDualEncoderModel, VisionTextDualEncoderProcessor, ViTFeatureExtractor, BertTokenizer

>>> tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased")
>>> feature_extractor = ViTFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained("google/vit-base-patch16-224")
>>> processor = VisionTextDualEncoderProcessor(feature_extractor, tokenizer)
>>> model = VisionTextDualEncoderModel.from_vision_text_pretrained("google/vit-base-patch16-224", "bert-base-uncased")

>>> # contrastive training
>>> urls = ["http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg", "https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2674/5850229113_4fe05d5265_z.jpg]
>>> images = [Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) for url in urls]
>>> inputs = processor(text=["a photo of a cat", "a photo of a dog"], images=images, return_tensors="pt", padding=True)
>>> outputs = model(input_ids=inputs.input_ids, attention_mask=inputs.attention_mask, pixel_values=inputs.pixel_values, return_loss=True)
>>> loss, logits_per_image = outputs.loss, outputs.logits_per_imag # this is the image-text similarity score

>>> # save and load from pretrained
>>> model.save_pretrained("vit-bert")
>>> model = VisionTextDualEncoderModel.from_pretrained("vit-bert")

>>> # inference
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)
>>> logits_per_image = outputs.logits_per_image # this is the image-text similarity score
>>> probs = logits_per_image.softmax(dim=1) # we can take the softmax to get the label probabilities

FlaxVisionTextDualEncoderModel

class transformers.FlaxVisionTextDualEncoderModel < >

( config: VisionTextDualEncoderConfig input_shape: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple] = None seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax._src.numpy.lax_numpy.float32'> **kwargs )

Parameters

  • config (VisionTextDualEncoderConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
  • dtype (jax.numpy.dtype, optional, defaults to jax.numpy.float32) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of jax.numpy.float32, jax.numpy.float16 (on GPUs) and jax.numpy.bfloat16 (on TPUs).

    This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given dtype.

    Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

    If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

This class can be used to initialize a vision-text dual encoder model with any pretrained vision autoencoding model as the vision encoder and any pretrained text model as the text encoder. The vision and text encoders are loaded via the from_pretrained() method. The projection layers are automatically added to the model and should be fine-tuned on a downstream task, like contrastive image-text modeling.

In LiT: Zero-Shot Transfer with Locked-image Text Tuning it is shown how leveraging pre-trained (locked/frozen) image and text model for contrastive learning yields significant improvment on new zero-shot vision tasks such as image classification or retrieval.

After such a Vision-Text-Dual-Encoder model has been trained/fine-tuned, it can be saved/loaded just like any other models (see the examples for more information).

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a Flax Linen flax.linen.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax linen Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

__call__ < >

( input_ids pixel_values attention_mask = None position_ids = None token_type_ids = None params: dict = None dropout_rng: PRNGKey = None train: bool = False output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None ) → FlaxCLIPOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

  • input_ids (numpy.ndarray of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

    Indices can be obtained using PreTrainedTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

    What are input IDs?

  • attention_mask (torch.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:

    • 1 for tokens that are not masked,
    • 0 for tokens that are masked.

    What are attention masks?

  • position_ids (numpy.ndarray of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

    What are position IDs?

  • pixel_values (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, num_channels, height, width)) — Pixel values. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it. Pixel values can be obtained using a feature extractor (e.g. if you use ViT as the encoder, you should use ViTFeatureExtractor). See transformers.ViTFeatureExtractor.call() for details.
  • output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
  • output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
  • return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

FlaxCLIPOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A FlaxCLIPOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (VisionTextDualEncoderConfig) and inputs.

  • logits_per_image:(jnp.ndarray of shape (image_batch_size, text_batch_size)) — The scaled dot product scores between image_embeds and text_embeds. This represents the image-text similarity scores.
  • logits_per_text:(jnp.ndarray of shape (text_batch_size, image_batch_size)) — The scaled dot product scores between text_embeds and image_embeds. This represents the text-image similarity scores.
  • text_embeds(jnp.ndarray of shape (batch_size, output_dim) — The text embeddings obtained by applying the projection layer to the pooled output of FlaxCLIPTextModel.
  • image_embeds(jnp.ndarray of shape (batch_size, output_dim) — The image embeddings obtained by applying the projection layer to the pooled output of FlaxCLIPVisionModel.
  • text_model_output(FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPooling): The output of the FlaxCLIPTextModel.
  • vision_model_output(FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPooling): The output of the FlaxCLIPVisionModel.

The FlaxVisionTextDualEncoderModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Examples:

>>> from PIL import Image
>>> import requests
>>> import jax
>>> from transformers import FlaxVisionTextDualEncoderModel, VisionTextDualEncoderProcessor, ViTFeatureExtractor, BertTokenizer

>>> tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased")
>>> feature_extractor = ViTFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained("google/vit-base-patch16-224")
>>> processor = VisionTextDualEncoderProcessor(feature_extractor, tokenizer)
>>> model = FlaxVisionTextDualEncoderModel.from_vision_text_pretrained("google/vit-base-patch16-224", "bert-base-uncased")

>>> # contrastive training
>>> urls = ["http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg", "https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2674/5850229113_4fe05d5265_z.jpg]
>>> images = [Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw) for url in urls]
>>> inputs = processor(text=["a photo of a cat", "a photo of a dog"], images=images, return_tensors="np", padding=True)
>>> outputs = model(input_ids=inputs.input_ids, attention_mask=inputs.attention_mask, pixel_values=inputs.pixel_values, return_loss=True)
>>> loss, logits_per_image = outputs.loss, outputs.logits_per_imag # this is the image-text similarity score

>>> # save and load from pretrained
>>> model.save_pretrained("vit-bert")
>>> model = FlaxVisionTextDualEncoderModel.from_pretrained("vit-bert")

>>> # inference
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)
>>> logits_per_image = outputs.logits_per_image # this is the image-text similarity score
>>> probs = jax.nn.softmax(logits_per_image, axis=1) # we can take the softmax to get the label probabilities
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