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North Carolina Crime Dataset

Dataset Description

Dataset Summary

The dataset comprising public police incidents from various cities in North Carolina, spanning from the early 2000s to 2024, contains valuable information such as crime type, time, and location of occurrence.

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

  1. Crime Trend Analysis: Analyzing crime trends over time and across different locations. This could involve identifying patterns in crime rates, seasonal variations, or shifts in the types of crimes committed.

  2. Predictive Policing: Developing models to predict future crime occurrences based on historical data. This could help in resource allocation and proactive policing strategies.

  3. Geospatial Analysis: Mapping crime incidents to identify hotspots and regions with higher crime rates. This can aid in understanding geographical factors influencing crime and in deploying resources more effectively.

  4. Crime Type Classification: Using machine learning algorithms to automatically classify incidents into different crime types based on the incident descriptions.

  5. Time Series Analysis: Examining how crime rates change over time and understanding long-term trends or cyclic patterns.

Languages

English

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

Here is an illustrative example from the processed dataset (note that specific details are subject to change):

{
  "year": 2022,
  "city": "Raleigh",
  "crime_major_category": "Theft",
  "crime_specific_category": "Vehicle Theft",
  "latitude": 35.7796,
  "longitude": -78.6382,
  "start_time": "2022-05-15T14:00:00",
  "end_time": "2022-05-15T16:00:00",
  "clear_status": "Cleared by Arrest",
  "incident_address": "123 Main St, Raleigh, NC",
  "notes": "Weapon: None"
}

Data Fields

List and describe the fields present in the dataset. Mention their data type, and whether they are used as input or output in any of the tasks the dataset currently supports. If the data has span indices, describe their attributes, such as whether they are at the character level or word level, whether they are contiguous or not, etc. If the datasets contains example IDs, state whether they have an inherent meaning, such as a mapping to other datasets or pointing to relationships between data points.

  • example_field: description of example_field

Note that the descriptions can be initialized with the Show Markdown Data Fields output of the Datasets Tagging app, you will then only need to refine the generated descriptions.

A typical instance in the processed dataset can be represented in JSON format as follows:

  • year: The year when the incident occurred.
  • city: The city where the incident took place.
  • crime_major_category: The broad category of the crime.
  • crime_specific_category: The specific type of crime within the major category.
  • latitude and longitude: Geographical coordinates of the incident location.
  • start_time and end_time: The start and end times of the incident.
  • clear_status: The status of the case (e.g., cleared by arrest, under investigation).
  • incident_address: The detailed address where the incident occurred.
  • notes: Additional information about the incident, such as weapon used, if any.

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

The dataset, covering police incidents in select North Carolina cities from 2000 to 2024, aims to aid crime research. It provides a long-term view of crime patterns and trends, useful for criminologists, sociologists, and public policy researchers. The comprehensive data enables analyses of crime evolution and its socio-economic correlations. It also supports the development of predictive models for law enforcement and policy planning. Additionally, the dataset's multi-city scope allows for comparative studies to understand unique challenges and inform localized crime prevention strategies.

Source Data

I mainly uses 5 datasets as source data:

  • Cary:
    • Cary Open Data Portal - CPD Incidents
    • Details:
      • Size: 116317 rows * 34 columns
      • Column names: 'Crime Category', 'Crime Type', 'UCR', 'Map Reference', 'Incident Number', 'Begin Date Of Occurrence', 'Begin Time Of Occurrence', 'End Date Of Occurrence', 'End Time Of Occurrence', 'Crime Day', 'Geo Code', 'Location Category', 'District', 'Beat Number', 'Location', 'ID', 'Lat', 'Lon', 'Charge Count', 'Neighborhood ID', 'Apartment Complex', 'Residential Subdivision', 'Subdivision ID', 'Phx Activity Date', 'Phx Record Status', 'Phx Community', 'Phx Status', 'Record', 'Offense Category', 'Violent Property', 'timeframe', 'domestic', 'Total Incidents', 'Year'
  • Charlotte:
    • Charlotte Open Data Portal - CMPD Incidents
    • Details:
      • Size: 483632 rows * 30 columns
      • Column names: 'X', 'Y', 'YEAR', 'INCIDENT_REPORT_ID', 'LOCATION', 'CITY', 'STATE', 'ZIP', 'X_COORD_PUBLIC', 'Y_COORD_PUBLIC', 'LATITUDE_PUBLIC', 'LONGITUDE_PUBLIC', 'DIVISION_ID', 'CMPD_PATROL_DIVISION', 'NPA', 'DATE_REPORTED', 'DATE_INCIDENT_BEGAN', 'DATE_INCIDENT_END', 'ADDRESS_DESCRIPTION', 'LOCATION_TYPE_DESCRIPTION', 'PLACE_TYPE_DESCRIPTION', 'PLACE_DETAIL_DESCRIPTION', 'CLEARANCE_STATUS', 'CLEARANCE_DETAIL_STATUS', 'CLEARANCE_DATE', 'HIGHEST_NIBRS_CODE', 'HIGHEST_NIBRS_DESCRIPTION', 'OBJECTID', 'Shape', 'GlobalID'
  • Durham:
  • Raleigh:
    • This dataset is updated daily. I will monitor these updates and continue collecting data until February 15th, 2024.

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

Discussion of Biases

Other Known Limitations

Rights reserved by governments.

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

List the people involved in collecting the dataset and their affiliation(s). If funding information is known, include it here.

Licensing Information

The dataset from cities in North Carolina, including Cary, Charlotte, Durham, and Raleigh, is sourced from their respective open data portals, each with its specific licensing information and terms of use.

Cary's Open Data Portal operates under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. This allows for both commercial and non-commercial use, distribution, and adaptation of the data, as long as proper attribution is given and any derived works are shared under the same terms.

Charlotte's Open Data Portal serves as a resource for the public to explore, visualize, and download data, supporting the creation of new applications and maps using the available information. Durham's Open Data Portal is committed to making all government data publicly available for unrestricted use.

Raleigh's Open Data Policy stipulates that by using data from their site, users agree to the terms and conditions described under the City of Raleigh Open Data Privacy Policy. The City of Raleigh makes no warranties regarding the completeness, accuracy, or timeliness of the data, and disclaims all express or implied warranties, including those of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Users should be aware that the data format or schema may change as updates are made, and they use the information at their own risk.

Each city's portal reflects a commitment to transparency and public engagement, allowing unrestricted access and utilization of data for various purposes, with specific stipulations in Raleigh's policy and Cary's adoption of the CC BY-SA 4.0 license providing additional guidance on use and liability.

Citation Information

Contributions

Thanks to Town of Cary, City of Charlotte, and City of Raleigh for providing the raw dataset.