zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
紅黨 (挪威)
Red Party (Norway)

context: zh_tw: 紅黨（書面挪威語：Rødt；新挪威語：Raudt；北方薩米語：Ruoksat）是挪威的一個共產主義政黨。該黨成立於 2007 年 3 月 11 日，由紅色選舉聯盟和工人共產黨合併而成。它的意識形態是共產主義、馬克思主義。它的政治立場是極左翼。它的領導人是 Bjørnar Moxnes。總部位於奧斯陸。該黨曾派代表出席國際共產主義研討會。
en: The Red Party (Bokmål: Rødt, Nynorsk: Raudt, Northern Sami: Ruoksat) is a Norwegian far-left political party. The party was founded in March 2007 by a merger of the Workers' Communist Party and the Red Electoral Alliance. Bjørnar Moxnes is the Red Party's current leader.
qas: question: zh_tw: 挪威極左派政黨的名字是什麼？
en: What is the name given to Norwegian far-left political party?
answers: zh_tw: text: 紅黨
en: text: The Red Party

question: zh_tw: 誰是紅黨的代理領導人？
en: Who is the acting leader of the Red Party?
answers: zh_tw: text: Bjørnar Moxnes
en: text: Bjørnar Moxnes
利昂娜・伍茲

context: zh_tw: 利昂娜・伍茲（英語：Leona Woods，1919 年 8 月 9 日－1986 年 11 月 10 日），亦稱利昂娜・伍茲・馬歇爾（Leona Woods Marshall）和利昂娜・伍茲・馬歇爾・利比（Leona Woods Marshall Libby），美國物理學家，曾協助建立人類史上首個核反應堆與首枚原子彈。
qas: question: zh_tw: 利昂娜・伍茲出生於什麼時候？
en: When was Leona Woods born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1919 年 8 月 9 日

context: zh_tw: 戰後，她加入恩里科・費米研究所，隨後先後供職於普林斯頓高等研究院、布魯克黑文國家實驗室和紐約大學，並於 1962 年成為紐約大學教授。她的研究方向包括粒子物理、天體物理和宇宙學。1966 年，她與馬歇爾離婚，轉而與諾貝爾獎得主威拉得・利比結為伉儷。此外，她還是科羅拉多大學的教授和蘭德公司的職員。晚年，她關注生態環境問題，發明了一種利用樹木年輪中同位素比例來研究氣候變化的方法。同時，她強烈支援用食品輻照作為消滅有害細菌的手段。
qas: question: zh_tw: 1966 年後她和誰離婚了？
en: Who was she no longer married to after 1966?
answers: zh_tw: text: 馬歇爾

context: zh_tw: 費米的妻子勞拉（Laura Fermi）如此回憶伍茲：“（她是）一個高挑的年輕姑娘，長得像個運動員，可以擔當男人的工作，而且做得絲毫不差。她是恩裡克小組組裡唯一的女物理學家，她的母親與她一樣精力無窮，幾乎靠一己之力在芝加哥附近經營著一家農莊。為了緩解她母親的工作負擔，利昂娜把自己的時間一分為二，一部分貢獻給原子，一部分貢獻給馬鈴薯。” 同項目裡的科學家們一樣，伍茲對核輻射的風險並不放在心上。一天下午，她與威拉得・利比合作，焊接一個裝著鐳鹽和鈹金屬的罐子，在這期間，她的身體吸收了 200 倫琴的輻射，白細胞足足下降了一半。醫生們警告她，一位女性一生只有有限數量的卵細胞，暗示核輻射會影響她的生育，但她卻對此表示懷疑，一心只想著那個重要的罐子是不是焊接好了。1943 年 7 月，伍茲與約翰・馬歇爾結婚，並很快懷上了孩子。她把此事告訴了費米，他們一道瞞住沃爾特・津恩，怕後者堅持讓她遠離反應堆。為此，她甚至用寬鬆的藍粗棉布工作衫遮住懷孕的肚子。懷孕期間，她還得坐著沒有暖氣的軍用大巴上班，“每天早上都踩著點趕到，開始工作前每每嘔吐。” 第二年她生下了一個男孩，起名叫做彼得（Peter），之後僅僅休息了幾天，就又返回了工作崗位。當年，試驗取得初步成功，研究團隊帶著裝置儀器遷出芝加哥大學的冶金實驗室，入駐同在芝加哥的阿貢國家實驗室。
qas: question: zh_tw: 伍茲太太的母親從事什麼？
en: What was the occupation of Mrs. Wood's mother?
answers: zh_tw: text: 經營著一家農莊

context: zh_tw: 戰後，利昂娜・伍茲回到了芝加哥大學，加入原子能研究所（Institute for Nuclear Studies，現恩里科・費米研究所）。她參與到重水反應爐 Chicago Pile 3 的建設中，找出了一種使中子束百分之百自旋極化的方式，並測定了多種材質中子的折射率。1949 年，她的第二個孩子約翰・馬歇爾三世（John Marshall III）出生。1953 年，她成為芝加哥大學助理教授。
qas: question: zh_tw: 利昂娜第二個孩子叫什麼名字？
en: What was the name of Leona's second child?
answers: zh_tw: text: 約翰・馬歇爾三世（John Marshall III）
織女一

context: zh_tw: 織女一又稱為織女星或天琴座 α（α Lyr，α Lyrae），是天琴座中最明亮的恆星，在夜空中排名第五，是北半球第二明亮的恆星，僅次於大角星。它與大角星及天狼星一樣，是非常靠近地球的恆星，距離地球只有 25.3 光年；它也是太陽附近最明亮的恆星之一。在中國古代的「牛郎織女」神話中，織女為天帝孫女，故亦稱天孫。
qas: question: zh_tw: 天空中第五亮星距離太陽多遠？
en: The fifth-brightest star in the sky exists at what distance from the Sun?
answers: zh_tw: text: 25.3 光年

context: zh_tw: 天文學家對織女星進行過大量的研究，因此它「無疑是天空中第二重要的恆星，僅次於太陽」。織女星大約在西元前 12,000 年曾是北半球的極星，但因歲差現象，它在 13,727 年會再度成為北極星，屆時它的赤緯會達到 + 86°14'。織女星是太陽之外第一顆被人類拍攝下來的恆星，也是第一顆有光譜記錄的恆星。它也是第一批經由視差測量估計出距離的恆星之一。織女星也曾是測量光度亮度標尺的校準基線，是 UBV 測光系統用來定義平均值的恆星之一。在北半球的夏天，觀測者多半可在天頂附近的位置見到織女星，因為身為天文學上星等的標準，其視星等被定義為 0 等，因此天文學家會以織女星作為光度測定的標準。
qas: question: zh_tw: 天空中有重大意義的一顆星星是什麼？
en: What is considered a significant star in the sky?
answers: zh_tw: text: 織女星

context: zh_tw: 織女星當前的年齡大約是 4 億 5500 萬年， 已經快要超過它在主序星階段壽命的一半。織女星脫離主序星階段後，將變成一顆 M 型的紅巨星並失去大部分質量，最終成為一顆白矮星。織女星目前的質量超過太陽的 2 倍，實際光度為太陽的 37 倍。織女星可能是一顆盾牌座 δ 變星，光變週期約為 0.107 天。織女星核心產生的能量來自於碳氮氧迴圈（CNO 迴圈），這是一種以碳、氮、氧原子核為中介，把質子聚合為氦的核聚變過程。進行該核聚變過程需要大約 1500 萬度的高溫， 高於太陽核心溫度，也比太陽的質子 - 質子鏈反應效率還高。CNO 迴圈對溫度高度敏感，緊鄰的對流層將核心區聚變反應產生的 “灰” 均勻散佈， 對流層外圍是輻射層，最外層則是大氣層。這與太陽形成鮮明的對照：太陽的中心是輻射層，其外覆蓋的是對流層。天文學家已經對照 “標準光源” 對織女星的能量通量進行精確地測量。這顆恆星在波長為 5480 Å 的波段光通量為 3,650Jy，誤差範圍 2%。氫的吸收光譜線在織女星的可見光譜中佔據主導地位，特別是在電子主量子數 n=2 的巴耳末系。 其他元素的譜線相對來說比較微弱，其中比較強烈的譜線是電離的鎂、鐵、鈣線。 織女星的 X 射線輻射很微弱，這表明織女星的日冕肯定很微弱甚至不存在。因為織女星的極點朝向地球，所以極區日冕洞可能存在。天文學家可能難以證實日冕確實存在，因為許多 X 射線並不會隨著可見光一起被恆星發射出去。
qas: question: zh_tw: 織女星在未來會變成什麼？
en: What will Vega become in the future?
answers: zh_tw: text: 白矮星

context: zh_tw: 天文學家把原子量比氦更大的元素稱為 “金屬”。織女星光球層的金屬丰度只有太陽大氣層金屬丰度的 32%。 （跟織女星一樣，天狼星的金屬丰度也只有太陽的三分之一。） 太陽的金屬丰度（即比氦更重的元素丰度）約為 ZSol = 0.0172 ± 0.002。 從丰度上來說，織女星只有 0.54% 的組成元素比氦更重。
qas: question: zh_tw: 比氦的原子量大的元素的名稱是什麼？
en: What is the name for elements that have a higher atomic number than helium?
answers: zh_tw: text: 金屬

question: zh_tw: 織女星有多少組成元素比氦重？
en: How many elements are heavier than helium in Vega?
answers: zh_tw: text: 0.54%
中國器官移植

context: zh_tw: 中國器官移植始於 1960 年代，是目前世界上最大規模的器官移植專案。到 2004 年為止，中國器官移植已高達 13000 例。與此同時，中國也進行了一些創新性的器官移植，如包括骨頭在內的面部移植。中國政府歷史上曾採用死刑犯器官作為器官移植的來源，有人認為，中國自鎮壓法輪功後很可能非法使用被關押法輪功修煉者的器官。
qas: question: zh_tw: 器官移植始於何時？\n
en: when did organ transplantation begin?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1960 年代

context: zh_tw: 2006 年 3 月 16 日，衛生部發布《人體器官移植技術臨床應用管理暫行規定》，以對中國器官移植技術加強管理。
qas: question: zh_tw: 2006 年 3 月，衛生部頒佈了什麼新規定？\n
en: What new mandate was issued by the Ministry of Health in March 2006?
answers: zh_tw: text: 人體器官移植技術臨床應用管理暫行規定
私刑

context: zh_tw: 私刑作為一種有罪推定的懲罰形式，通常由自行指派的委員會、暴民或自發組織的治安維持者在沒有法律程式的情況下所執行。私刑在美國內戰前便存在於美國各州，特別是美南各州與美西拓荒區。「Lynching」這個詞彙被認為源自美國獨立戰爭時，維吉尼亞州治安法官 Charles Lynch 對保皇黨所命令的不受法律支配的刑罰。在內戰前的南方，廢奴主義的支持者常是暴民執行私刑的目標。戰後，私刑是恐怖主義的一種型式，用來威嚇自由的黑人投票和取得政治力量。一項對 1868 年至 1871 年的治安調查估計三 K 黨參與了超過 400 件私刑。黑人常被執行私刑因為他們被指控對抗白人的罪名；然而根據記者 Ida B. Wells 的研究，許多罪名經常被誇大，或根本沒有發生。
qas: question: zh_tw: 美國西部和南部的維吉蘭人採取了什麼樣的警戒懲罰來自己解決問題？
en: Vigilantes in the western and southern united states took matters into their own hands in which form of vigilante punishment?
answers: zh_tw: text: 「Lynching」這個詞彙被認為源自美國獨立戰爭時，維吉尼亞州治安法官 Charles

context: zh_tw: 私刑短暫的衰退，但在 19 世紀末又開始增加。私刑的數量在 1892 年達到高峰，共有 230 件，但這種非法行為一直持續到了 20 世紀，1935 年仍有 20 件。阿拉巴馬州塔斯提吉學院紀錄了 1880 年到 1951 年的私刑案例，顯示了 3437 名黑人和 1293 名白人受害者，幾乎全部是共和黨黨員。美國曆史上最大的單一私刑事件發生於 1873 年 4 月 13 日路易斯安那州的 Colfax，共一次處決了 280 名黑人。非裔美國人透過抗議、遊行、寫作等方式來抗議私刑。在 1915 年一個正當化私刑和三 K 黨的電影《一個國家的誕生》放映後，三 K 黨重新組織，並開始重新使用私刑來恐嚇非裔美國人。受害者通常是黑人男性，有時女性，通常被指控攻擊或強暴白人。大部份的私刑在 1960 年代後消失。
qas: question: zh_tw: 根據阿拉巴馬州塔斯提吉學院，有多少白人受到私刑的處決？
en: According to the Tuskegee institute how many white victims were there of lynchings?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1293
阿德利・曼蘇爾
Adly Mansour

context: zh_tw: 曼蘇爾 1945 年 12 月 23 日出生於開羅，畢業於埃及最負盛名的開羅大學法學院，獲公共法律和管理學兩個碩士學位，並曾在法國進修深造。曼蘇爾曾長期在前總統穆巴拉克政權中任職，出任過宗教部、教育部、農業部、總理府秘書處等部門的法律顧問。1983 年至 1990 年期間，曼蘇爾曾被借調到沙特工貿部擔任法律顧問。
en: Mansour was born in Cairo. He graduated from Cairo University Law School in 1967, earned a postgraduate degree in law in 1969, studied economics and earned a postgraduate degree in management science from Cairo University in 1970. He later attended France's École nationale d'administration (ENA) and graduated in 1977.
qas: question: zh_tw: 曼蘇爾從哪所法學院畢業？
en: What law school did Mansour graduate from?
answers: zh_tw: text: 開羅大學法學院
en: text: Cairo University Law School
森姆・烏迪迪
Samuel Umtiti

context: zh_tw: 2016 年 6 月 30 日，森姆・烏迪迪以 2500 萬歐元轉會費加盟至西甲球會巴塞隆納。2016 年 8 月 17 日，烏迪迪在 2016 年西班牙超級盃次回合對塞維亞時首次上場，該場比賽巴塞隆納以 3-0 取勝，贏得該屆超級盃冠軍。
en: On 30 June 2016, Umtiti signed for La Liga side Barcelona for a fee of €25 million. On 17 August, Umtiti made his first appearance for Barcelona in the second leg of the 2016 Supercopa de España which Barcelona won 3–0 versus Sevilla and lifted the trophy. Umtiti picked up a knee injury in September 2016 while in Barcelona training, causing him to miss a crucial La Liga clash against Atlético Madrid. He scored his first goal for the club, on 4 March 2017, against Celta de Vigo with Barcelona winning 5–0 at the Camp Nou. He would later play a vital role in the 2016–17 Champions League round of 16 second leg fixture against Paris Saint-Germain, as he started the match alongside Gerard Piqué and Javier Mascherano in a 3-man central defence partnership. Umtiti assisted his teammates in recovering from a 4–0 first leg deficit to a historic 6–1 victory, the biggest comeback in the history of the Champions League. He would cap off his first year in Spain by winning the 2016–17 Copa del Rey and by establishing himself firmly as first-choice in central defence for the club alongside Piqué.Now established as first-choice in defence at the club, after Barcelona's subpar 2017 Supercopa de España while reeling off the loss of Neymar, Umtiti began the season with great performances, under the guidance of new manager Ernesto Valverde. On 2 December, Umtiti injured his right hamstring and was ruled out for eight weeks. Umtiti scored the winning goal against Valencia CF at Camp Nou, on 14 April, in a 2–1 victory for the Catalans. A week later, on 21 April, Umtiti started for Barcelona in the 2018 Copa del Rey Final, holding a clean sheet in an eventual 5–0 victory over Sevilla at Wanda Metropolitano. Additionally, Umtiti won his first La Liga winners' medal during his second season in Spain, with the defender appearing in 40 games and scoring one goal across all competitions.On 3 June 2018, Umtiti signed a new five-year contract with Barcelona. The release clause was subsequently set at €500 million. Umtiti was named as a substitute for the 2018 Supercopa de España behind Piqué and a new summer signing Clément Lenglet. Despite not featuring and with Barcelona winning the match 2–1 against Sevilla, Umtiti claimed his fifth winners' medal since joining the club.
qas: question: zh_tw: 做這一切需要多少錢？
en: How much did it cost to do all of this?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2500 萬歐元
en: text: €25 million
石洞壁畫
Cave painting

context: zh_tw: 石洞壁畫是在洞穴或岩石上的繪畫，有時也稱為巖畫。一般多為史前所做。使用的顏料包括紅色和黃色赭石，赤鐵礦，氧化錳和木炭。最早的石洞壁畫可以上溯到 4 萬年前。
en: Pigments used include red and yellow ochre, hematite, manganese oxide and charcoal. Sometimes the silhouette of the animal was incised in the rock first, and in some caves all or many of the images are only engraved in this fashion, taking them somewhat out of a strict definition of "cave painting".
qas: question: zh_tw: 除過紅色還有什麼顏色的赭石被用於石洞壁畫？
en: Red and what color ochre are often used in pigments?
answers: zh_tw: text: 石洞壁畫
en: text: yellow
中性氫區
H I region

context: zh_tw: 的輻射是用來測量螺旋星系漩渦臂的一種技術，也可以用來描繪星系之間的互動作用造成的重力擾動。當兩個星系發生碰撞時，如同繩索般被抽離出來的物質，讓天文學家可以測量星系是如何移動的。
en: Mapping HI emissions with a radio telescope is a technique used for determining the structure of spiral galaxies. It is also used to map gravitational disruptions between galaxies. When two galaxies collide, the material is pulled out in strands, allowing astronomers to determine which way the galaxies are moving.
qas: question: zh_tw: 描繪 HI 是什麼？
en: What is Mapping HI?
answers: zh_tw: text: 用來測量螺旋星系漩渦臂的一種技術
en: text: technique used for determining the structure of spiral galaxies
尼古拉斯・斯皮克曼
Nicholas J. Spykman

context: zh_tw: 尼古拉斯・斯皮克曼（Nicholas John Spykman，1893 年 - 1943 年），荷蘭裔美國人，地緣戰略學家，國際關係學者，被稱為「圍堵政策之教父」。他是美國外交政策的古典現實主義的發起者之一，將東歐政治思想帶入美國。曾在耶魯大學國際研究所任職。他教學重點放在地緣政治學。49 歲死於癌症。
en: Nicholas John Spykman (pronounced "Speak-man", 13 October 1893 – 26 June 1943) was an American political scientist who was one of the founders of the classical realist school in American foreign policy, transmitting Eastern European political thought to the United States. A Sterling Professor of International Relations, teaching as part of the Institute for International Studies at Yale University, one of his prime concerns was making his students geographically literate, as geopolitics was impossible without geographic understanding.
qas: question: zh_tw: 尼古拉斯・斯皮克曼在哪一年去世？
en: What year did Nicholas John Spykman die?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1943 年
en: text: 1943
斯蒂芬・庫夫勒
Stephen Kuffler

context: zh_tw: 斯蒂芬・威廉・庫夫勒（匈牙利語：Stephen William Kuffler，1913 年 8 月 24 日－1980 年 10 月 11 日），生於匈牙利塔普，匈牙利籍 - 美籍神經生理學家，被公認為「現代神經科學之父」。1966 年，庫夫勒創立了哈佛大學神經生物學系，他在視覺、神經訊號編碼以及動物行為的神經基礎等多個領域做出了開創性的貢獻，影響深遠。他最著名的是在蛙上做的關於神經肌肉接頭，突觸前抑制和神經遞質 GABA 等方面的研究。1972 年，他被哥倫比亞大學授予路易莎・格羅斯・霍維茨獎。
en: Stephen William Kuffler  (August 24 Tap, Hungary, 1913 – October 11, 1980) was a pre-eminent Hungarian-American neurophysiologist. He is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Neuroscience". Kuffler, alongside noted Nobel Laureates Sir John Eccles and Sir Bernard Katz gave research lectures at the University of Sydney, strongly influencing its intellectual environment while working at Sydney Hospital. He founded the Harvard Neurobiology department in 1966, and made numerous seminal contributions to our understanding of vision, neural coding, and the neural implementation of behavior. He is known for his research on neuromuscular junctions in frogs, presynaptic inhibition, and the neurotransmitter GABA. In 1972, he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他以什麼神經遞質的名字而聞名？
en: What is the name of the neurotransmitter that he is known for?
answers: zh_tw: text: GABA
en: text: GABA
莉澤・邁特納
Lise Meitner

context: zh_tw: 1907 年邁特納赴柏林深造，她的導師中包括馬克斯・普朗克。在那裡她也第一次遇到了後來與她一起工作了 30 年的年輕的化學家奧托・哈恩。她以 “無薪客席” 的身份在哈恩在柏林大學化學研究所的實驗室裡工作。這個實驗室本來是一個木匠工場。當時在普魯士婦女還不準接受高等教育，而且不準進入教堂和學生實驗室，因此邁特納只能從後門進入研究所。至到 1909 年普魯士才正式允許婦女進入大學。1908 年她加入新教教會。
en: After one year of attending Planck's lectures, Meitner became Planck's assistant. During the first years she worked together with chemist Otto Hahn and together with him discovered several new isotopes. In 1909 she presented two papers on beta radiation. She also, together with Otto Hahn, discovered and developed a physical separation method known as radioactive recoil, in which a daughter nucleus is forcefully ejected from its matrix as it recoils at the moment of decay.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰幫助她發現了新的同位素？
en: Who helped her discovered new isotopes?
answers: zh_tw: text: 奧托・哈恩
en: text: Otto Hahn
國際失蹤者日
International Day of the Disappeared

context: zh_tw: 失蹤者可能遭到拘禁、被困外國、住院或死亡。透過其尋人服務部門，並與世界各地 189 個紅十字會和紅新月會合作，紅十字國際委員會致力於幫助這些家庭獲得有關親人命運的資訊。該組織提醒政府和其他團體他們有義務尊重家人對其親人命運的知情權。該組織還與失蹤者家人一起努力，幫助他們應對心理、社會、法律和經濟需求。秘密或不確定的監禁嚴重違反了一些人權理念，在武裝衝突的情況下，則嚴重違反了國際人道法。1992 年 12 月 18 日，聯合國大會通過了第 47/133 號決議《保護所有人不遭受強迫失蹤宣言》。據估計，在大約 30 個國家中都有秘密監禁的事情發生。人權高專辦被強迫或非自願失蹤問題工作組登記了約 46000 個在未知情形下失蹤之人的案例。
en: These missing may be detained, stranded in foreign countries, hospitalized or dead.  Through its tracing services and working with the 189 national Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies around the world, the ICRC seeks to obtain information about their fate on behalf of their families.   It reminds governments and other groups of their obligations to respect the families' right to know the fate of their loved ones.  It also works with families of the missing to help them address their particular psychological, social legal and financial needs.Imprisonment under secret or uncertain circumstances is a grave violation of some conceptions of human rights as well as, in the case of an armed conflict, of International Humanitarian Law. The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a Declaration on the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance as resolution 47/133 on December 18, 1992. It is estimated that secret imprisonment is practiced in about 30 countries. The OHCHR Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances has registered about 46,000 cases of people who disappeared under unknown circumstances.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1992 年聯合國通過了什麼決議？
en: What was adopted in December of 1992
answers: zh_tw: text: 《保護所有人不遭受強迫失蹤宣言》
en: text: Declaration on the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance

question: zh_tw: 當人們在武裝衝突期間遭到不公正待遇時，哪種法律被違反？
en: Which type of law is broken when people are held unjustly during an armed conflict?
answers: zh_tw: text: 國際人道法
en: text: International Humanitarian Law
弗拉維奧・曼佐尼
Flavio Manzoni

context: zh_tw: 曼佐尼在佛羅倫薩大學修讀建築學，專門研究工業設計。1993 年他加入藍旗亞設計中心（Centro Stile Lancia），三年後他成為該品牌汽車內飾設計的負責人。他參加過各種各樣的專案，例如藍旗亞 Dialogos 概念車和瑪莎拉蒂 3200GT 跑車。1999 年他搬到了巴塞羅那，成為西亞特汽車內飾設計總監，從事量產車西亞特 Altea 和西亞特 León 以及概念車西亞特 Salsa 和西亞特 Tango 的內飾設計工作。
en: Manzoni studied Architecture at University of Florence, specializing in industrial design. In 1993 he joined the Centro Stile Lancia, and three years later he was made responsible for Interior Design of the marque. He worked on various projects such as the interiors of the Lancia Dialogos and the Maserati 3200 GT. In 1999, he moved to Barcelona to become Interior Design Director at SEAT, and working in the interiors of the production cars SEAT Altea and SEAT León, and the concept cars SEAT Salsa and SEAT Tango.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1999 年他搬到哪裡去了？
en: Where did he move to in 1999?
answers: zh_tw: text: 巴塞羅那
en: text: Barcelona

question: zh_tw: 曼佐尼上學時專攻什麼？
en: What did Manzoni specialize in while attending school?
answers: zh_tw: text: 工業設計
en: text: industrial design
尤塔・烏爾皮萊寧
Jutta Urpilainen

context: zh_tw: 烏爾皮萊寧出生於南博滕區的拉普阿市鎮，就讀於于韋斯屈萊大學，2002 年獲得教育碩士學位。之後當教師一直到選為議員。2001 年起她是科科拉市鎮議會成員。她還在 2002 年灌製了自己的一張聖誕節頌歌 CD。
en: Born in Lapua, Southern Ostrobothnia, Urpilainen studied at the University of Jyväskylä, where she graduated as a Master of Education in 2002. She worked as a school teacher until her election to Parliament. She was also president of the Young European Federalists of Finland in 2001. She has been a member of Kokkola city council since 2001. In 2002, she made a CD of her own Christmas carols.Urpilainen has been a member of Parliament for the Vaasa constituency since 2003. She is a member of the Parliamentary Education and Culture Committee, a deputy member of the Parliamentary Finance Committee. She is also a member of the Advisory Council of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs.
qas: question: zh_tw: 她被選為議員前的職業是什麼？
en: What was her profession before her election to Parliament?
answers: zh_tw: text: 教師
en: text: teacher

question: zh_tw: 什麼時候她第一次成為議會一員？
en: When did she first start being a member of council?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2001
en: text: 2001
希臘歷史
History of Greece

context: zh_tw: 希臘歷史傳統上包括對於希臘人民，對於他們統治的地域，以及今天希臘國土內地區的歷史研究。這是由於古希臘史的信史和野史嚴重不足，也難以和實地發掘交相印證。另一方面，是與古希臘相關的事物以雅典為最多，而對其他城邦幾乎一無所知，經濟和社會方面的史料更是匱乏中的匱乏。另外，希臘人的居住範圍在歷史上有很大的變動，因此希臘歷史所牽涉的地域具有相當彈性，每一個時期都有自己的地域範圍。
en: The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically. The scope of Greek habitation and rule has varied throughout the ages and as a result the history of Greece is similarly elastic in what it includes. Generally, the history of Greece is divided into the following periods:
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個地區是希臘人民居住和統治的？
en: what area is inhabited and ruled by the Greek people?
answers: zh_tw: text: 希臘
en: text: Greece
洞熊
Cave bear

context: zh_tw: 末次冰期的洞熊缺乏前臼齒（其他熊具有 2 至 3 顆），但最後一顆臼齒大幅延長，並具有許多互補的尖點。雄性洞熊的肱骨與雌性洞熊的股骨長度類似現存的北極熊。而雄性洞熊的股骨的長度則近似於科迪亞克棕熊。
en: The cave bear had a very broad, domed skull with a steep forehead. Its stout body had long thighs, massive shins and in-turning feet, making it similar in skeletal structure to the brown bear. Cave bears were comparable in size to the largest modern-day bears. The average weight for males was 350 to 600 kg (770 to 1,320 lb), though some specimens weighed as much as 1000 kg (2,200 lb), while females weighed 225 to 250 kg (495 to 550 lb). Of cave bear skeletons in museums, 90% are male due to a misconception that the female skeletons were merely "dwarfs". Cave bears grew larger during glaciations and smaller during interglacials, probably to adjust heat loss rate.Cave bears of the last Ice Age lacked the usual two or three premolars present in other bears; to compensate, the last molar is very elongated, with supplementary cusps. The humerus of the cave bear was similar in size to that of the polar bear, as were the femora of females. The femora of male cave bears, however, bore more similarities in size to those of Kodiak bears.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在洞穴熊和北極熊身上可以找到什麼部分？
en: What part can be found in cave bear and polar bear?
answers: zh_tw: text: 肱骨
en: text: The humerus
網際網路社會學

context: zh_tw: 網際網路是社會學領域中，最新的研究物件之一，如美國曆史學家羅伯・丹屯說：它為社會帶來革命性的影響，「就像發生在昨天，或前天，完全看你怎樣計算這個時間距離」。網際網路起源自美國國防高等研究計劃署 1969 年開發的 ARPANET，「網際網路」（Internet）一詞則誕生於 1974 年。1990 年代中葉，全球資訊網（WWW）誕生，當圖形使用者介面和新功能如電子郵件出現後，網際網路也開始普及化了，出現非學術、軍事用途的商業網路。1995 年，微軟公司的 Internet Explorer 網頁瀏覽器正式釋出，Netscape 瀏覽器則晚了一些。Google 成立於 1998 年、維基百科在 2001 年上線，Facebook、Twitter 和 Youtube 等社群網站在 2000 年代中葉紛紛出現，當代資訊社會進入 Web 2.0 時代。全球網際網路使用者人口數正在持續上升中。
qas: question: zh_tw: 全球資訊網可以追溯到哪個 20 世紀 60 年代末的發展階段？
en: The World Wide Web can trace it's origins to what development in the late 1960's?
answers: zh_tw: text: ARPANET

context: zh_tw: 網際網路正逐漸成為一種政治工具。2004 年美國總統選舉中，民主黨籍總統候選人霍華德・迪恩利用網路作為宣傳工具，引起不少話題；2008 年，巴拉克・歐巴馬同樣利用網路為選情加溫。當代已有許多社會運動是透過網路發起，被稱為網際網路行動主義。這表示，政治力已經懂得利用網路作為工具，甚至懂得控制網路。許多國家如北韓、伊朗、沙烏地阿拉伯、中華人民共和國等均實行嚴格的網路審查制度，而泰國、俄羅斯、澳洲等國家則對網路言論進行監控。絕大多數國家出於阻止犯罪、鼓動自殺或兒童色情等理由都有網路審查措施，僅有少數非洲、中南美洲、大洋洲和蒙古國未實施網路審查。在某些國家，人民甚至只能連上治安單位許可的網際網路服務提供者。
qas: question: zh_tw: 在不同的國家，何種型別的公司有時會對警方列表中的特定網站進行訪問限制？
en: In various countries, what type of companies sometimes limit access to specific websites that are on police lists?
answers: zh_tw: text: 網際網路服務提供者

context: zh_tw: 當人們發現網際網路在經濟發展上的優勢後，電子商務也跟著出現，卻也證明某些認為網路會帶來貧富差距與數位落差的觀點，例如線上地圖與位置感知（location-aware）服務的誕生。電子商務衝擊大量未跟上科技發展的中小型企業與實體企業，並增長貧富差距。
qas: question: zh_tw: 是什麼加劇了經濟不平等？
en: What contributes to the reinforcement of economic inequality?
answers: zh_tw: text: 例如線上地圖與位置感知（location-aware）服務
美洲金翅雀
American goldfinch

context: zh_tw: 美洲金翅雀的雛鳥背部呈暗褐色，下身呈淡黃色。肩膀及尾巴都是暗黑色，雙翼及臀部有暗黃色的斑紋。雄性及雌性雛鳥都是一樣顏色的。
en: The immature American goldfinch has a dull brown back, and the underside is pale yellow. The shoulders and tail are dull black with buff-colored, rather than white, markings on wings and rump. This coloration is the same in both genders.The song of the American goldfinch is a series of musical warbles and twitters, often with a long note. A tsee-tsi-tsi-tsit call is often given in flight; it may also be described as per-chic-o-ree. While the female incubates the eggs, she calls to her returning mate with a soft continuous teeteeteeteete sound. The young begin to use a call of chick-kee or chick-wee shortly before fledging, which they use until they have left the nest entirely. There are two defense calls made by adults during nesting; a sweet call made to rally other goldfinches to the nest and distract predators, and a bearbee used to signal to the nestlings to quiet them and get them to crouch down in the nest to become less conspicuous.
qas: question: zh_tw: 翅膀上的斑紋是什麼顏色？
en: What color are the markings on the wings?
answers: zh_tw: text: 暗黃色
en: text: buff-colored
RAD51
RAD51

context: zh_tw: 人類的 Rad51 的基因位於第 15 號染色體。包括此基因在內，哺乳類共有七種類似 recA 的基因，包括 Rad51、Rad51L1/B、Rad51L2/C、Rad51L3/D、XRCC2、XRCC3 以及 DMC1。
en: In mammals, seven recA-like genes have been identified: Rad51, Rad51L1/B, Rad51L2/C, Rad51L3/D, XRCC2, XRCC3, and DMC1/Lim15. All of these proteins, with the exception of meiosis-specific DMC1, are essential for development in mammals. Rad51 is a member of the RecA-like NTPases.
qas: question: zh_tw: Rad51 是哪種基因？
en: What type of gene is Rad51?
answers: zh_tw: text: 類似 recA
en: text: recA-like
倫蒂尼恩
Londinium

context: zh_tw: 羅馬倫敦的重要考古發現，包括鑲嵌工藝、城牆瓦礫及古建築，曾藏於倫敦博物館及數間市政廳博物館（Guildhall Museum）。 1965 年後匯合，展於現今的倫敦博物館（近巴比肯藝術中心）。一間以倫敦港口歷史為主題的分館 —— 倫敦港區博物館（Museum of London Docklands），2003 年在道格斯島開幕。其他羅馬倫敦的考古發現，將由大英博物館繼續存放。城牆遺蹟大部分屬於中世紀，而羅馬時期一段在塔丘站附近、Coopers Row 8-10 號一間酒店的庭院，以及 Wood 街旁邊的 St Alphege Gardens 都可以見到。 有一段河堤可在倫敦塔上眺望。 圓形競技場的區域性遺蹟於市政廳藝廊（Guildhall Art Gallery）展出。 城西北的羅馬時期要塞，其西南塔樓仍可從 Noble 街見到。 偶有羅馬時期遺蹟納入了新建築地基的範圍，有待日後研究，但公眾一般無法造訪。
en: Major finds from Roman London, including mosaics, wall fragments, and old buildings were formerly housed in the London and Guildhall Museums. These merged after 1965 into the present Museum of London near the Barbican Centre. Museum of London Docklands, a separate branch dealing with the history of London's ports, opened on the Isle of Dogs in 2003. Other finds from Roman London continue to be held by the British Museum.Much of the surviving wall is medieval, but Roman-era stretches are visible near Tower Hill Station, in a hotel courtyard at 8–10 Coopers Row, and in St Alphege Gardens off Wood Street. A section of the river wall is visible inside the Tower. Parts of the amphitheatre are on display at the Guildhall Art Gallery. The southwestern tower of the Roman fort northwest of town can still be seen at Noble Street. Occasionally, Roman sites are incorporated into the foundations of new buildings for future study, but these are not generally available to the public.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在哪裡可以看到圓形競技場的區域性遺蹟？
en: Where can parts of the amphitheatre be viewed?
answers: zh_tw: text: 市政廳藝廊
en: text: Guildhall Art Gallery
一日可接受攝取量
Acceptable daily intake

context: zh_tw: ADI 值基於當下的研究，包括對動物人類的長期觀察。首先，不產生毒性作用的物質量無可見不良反應水平（NOAEL）被確定下來 。 通常這些研究會使用幾個不同的劑量，包括一些高劑量。 若是在對物質的不同效果進行研究的情況下，通常採用最低的 NOAEL。 然後，用 NOAEL（或其他出發點，如基準劑量水平（BMDL））除以常規 100 的安全係數，以考慮到測試動物和人之間的差異（因子 10）和可能存在的靈敏度差異（另一個因素 10）。 如果出發點價值含有不確定性，且有關資訊（NOAEL 或 BMDL）證明了這一點，則可以使用 100 以外的的安全係數。 例如，如果 ADI 基於來自人類的資料，安全係數通常為 10 而不是 100. ADI 通常以 mg /kg 體重給出。對於正常體重的成年人而言，ADI 是標準的安全攝入量，也就是該成年人每天消耗此物質的平均量。已經討論了對嬰兒安全因素的增加，但不是必需的，因為在兒童身上，化學物質的排出速度事實上通常更快。而且兒童一般患病率高於成年人，食物新增劑引起的不良反應可以容易地被偽裝成任何兒童常見的健康問題。此類的混淆對健康成年人來說將不會那麼容易。 ADI 不考慮非計量導致的個體過敏反應。
en: An ADI value is based on current research, with long-term studies on animals and observations of humans. First, a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), the amount of a substance that shows no toxic effects, is determined. Usually the studies are performed with several doses including high doses. In the case of several studies on different effects, the lowest NOAEL is usually taken.  Then, the NOAEL (or another point of departure such as a benchmark dose level (BMDL)) is divided by a safety factor, conventionally 100, to account for the differences between test animals and humans (factor of 10) and possible differences in sensitivity between humans (another factor of 10). safety factors with values other than 100 may be used if information on uncertainty about the value of the point of departure (NOAEL or BMDL) justify it. For instance, if the ADI is based on data from humans the safety factor is usually 10 instead of 100. The ADI is usually given in mg per kg body weight.The ADI is considered a safe intake level for a healthy adult of normal weight who consumes an average daily amount of the substance in question. Increased safety factors for infants have been discussed, but are not needed, because elimination of chemicals is in fact often more rapid in children and as children generally suffer higher illness rates than adults, adverse effects caused by food additives can easily be disguised as any number of things children usually suffer with. It would be far more difficult to argue the case with a healthy adult. The ADI does not take into account allergic reactions that are individual responses rather than dose-dependent phenomena.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在這些實驗中，大約使用多少個不同的劑量？
en: How many doses approximately are used in these experiments?
answers: zh_tw: text: 幾個
en: text: several

question: zh_tw: 無可見不良反應水平的首字母縮寫是什麼？
en: What is the acronym for no-observe-adverse-effect level?
answers: zh_tw: text: NOAEL
en: text: NOAEL
考馬斯亮藍
Coomassie Brilliant Blue

context: zh_tw: 考馬斯這個名字最初在 19 世紀末被一家設在英國 Blackley 的染料公司 Levinstein Ltd. 作為貿易名使用，用來售賣一些酸性羊毛染料。1896 年在第四次英國 - 阿散蒂戰爭期間，英國軍隊佔據了考馬斯鎮（今迦納庫馬西）。1918 年， Levinstein Ltd. 公司併入不列顛染料公司（British Deystuffs Cororation) ，後者在 1926 年成為帝國化學工業的一部分。雖然帝國化學工業公司仍然持有考馬斯這種商標，可是他們沒有再生產這種染料。
en: The name Coomassie was adopted at the end of the 19th century as a trade name by the Blackley-based dye manufacturer Levinstein Ltd, in marketing a range of acid wool dyes. In 1896 during the Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War, British forces had occupied the town of Coomassie (modern-day Kumasi in Ghana). In 1918 Levinstein Ltd became part of British Dyestuffs which in 1926 became part of Imperial Chemical Industries.  Although ICI still owns the Coomassie trademark, the company no longer manufactures the dyes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 考馬斯鎮現在叫什麼？
en: What is the town of Coomassie known as in present time?
answers: zh_tw: text: 庫馬西
en: text: Kumasi
尼爾斯・阿貝爾
Niels Henrik Abel

context: zh_tw: 在巴黎期間 ，阿貝爾曾染上肺結核，長期的旅行加劇了他的病情。1828 年聖誕節，他滑著雪橇到弗羅蘭拜訪他的未婚妻克里斯汀，兩人一起享受假期的歡愉使其病情稍有緩解。在此同時，克雷勒已為阿貝爾爭取到柏林大學的教授職位。克雷勒寫信告訴阿貝爾這個好訊息，但信件送達時已太遲了，兩天前，1829 年 4 月 6 日，阿貝爾已經病逝。
en: While in Paris, Abel contracted tuberculosis. At Christmas 1828, he traveled by sled to Froland to visit his fiancée. He became seriously ill on the journey; and, although a temporary improvement allowed the couple to enjoy the holiday together, he died relatively soon after on 6 April 1829, just two days before a letter arrived from August Crelle. Crelle had been searching for a new job for Abel in Berlin and had actually managed to have him appointed as a Professor at the University of Berlin. Crelle wrote to Abel to tell him, but the good news came too late.
qas: question: zh_tw: 阿貝爾是哪年去看未婚妻的？
en: What year did Abel go to see his fiancee?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1828
en: text: 1828
X-24 試驗機
Martin Marietta X-24

context: zh_tw: X-24 是 NASA 德萊頓飛行研究中心與美國空軍的一個聯合研究計劃中，從 1963 年至 1975 年在加利福尼亞州愛德華空軍基地試飛過的一組升力體飛機中的一個。這些升力體飛機將會證明飛行員有能力駕駛這種無機翼的飛機從太空返回地面。
en: The X-24 was one of a group of lifting bodies flown by the NASA Flight Research Center (now Armstrong Flight Research Center) in a joint program with the U.S. Air Force at Edwards Air Force Base in California from 1963 to 1975. The lifting bodies were used to demonstrate the ability of pilots to maneuver and safely land wingless vehicles designed to fly back to Earth from space and be landed like an airplane at a predetermined site.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在這個計劃中，NASA 和誰聯合？
en: Who did NASA join up with for the program?
answers: zh_tw: text: 美國空軍的一個聯合研究計劃中，從 1963 年至 1975 年在加利福尼亞州愛德華空軍基地
en: text: U.S. Air Force at Edwards Air Force Base

context: zh_tw: X-24A 是一種很胖的水滴型飛機。它的首次無動力滑翔是在 1969 年 4 月 17 日，飛行員為美國空軍的 Jerauld Gentry 少校，他也是 1970 年 3 月 19 日第一次有動力飛行的飛行員。X-24A 會被一架改裝了的 B-52 轟炸機帶入 45000 英尺（13.7 千米）的高空，然後與母機分離。在此之後它會一直滑翔到地面，或者先啟動火箭發動機，升到一定高度後再滑翔到地面。X-24A 共飛了 28 次，速度達到了 1036 英里／時（1667 千米／時），高度達到了 71400 英尺（21.8 千米）。
en: The X-24A was a fat, short teardrop shape with vertical fins for control. It made its first, unpowered, glide flight on April 17, 1969 with Air Force Maj. Jerauld R. Gentry at the controls. Gentry also piloted its first powered flight on March 19, 1970. The craft was taken to around 45,000 feet (13.7 km) by a modified B-52 and then drop launched, then either glided down or used its rocket engine to ascend to higher altitudes before gliding down. The X-24A was flown 28 times at speeds up to 1,036 mph (1,667 km/h) and altitudes up to 71,400 feet (21.8 km).
qas: question: zh_tw: X-24A 共飛了多少次？
en: How many times was the Gentry craft X-24A flown?
answers: zh_tw: text: 28 次
en: text: 28 times

context: zh_tw: 在整個計劃中，X-24A 共飛了 28 次。它與 HL-10 共同證明了太空梭的降落是不需要動力的。X-24A 達到的最高速度為 1036 英里／時（1667 千米／時），高度達到了 71400 英尺（21.8 千米）。為它提供動力的是一具 XLR-11 火箭發動機，理論上它的最大推力為 8480 磅（37.7 千牛）。
en: The X-24A was flown 28 times in the program that, like the HL-10, validated the concept that a Space Shuttle vehicle could be landed unpowered. The fastest speed achieved by the X-24A was 1,036 miles per hour (1667 km/h or Mach 1.6). Its maximum altitude was 71,400 feet (21.8 km). It was powered by an XLR-11 rocket engine with a maximum theoretical vacuum thrust of 8,480 pounds force (37.7 kN).
qas: question: zh_tw: X-24A 由於哪個部件能夠實現高速？
en: The X-24A was able to achieve high speeds due to which component?
answers: zh_tw: text: XLR-11 火箭發動機
en: text: XLR-11 rocket engine
喬・阿爾帕約
Joe Arpaio

context: zh_tw: 喬・阿爾帕約於 1993 年開始擔任美國亞利桑那州馬里科帕縣治安官（sheriff），並於 1996 年、2000 年、2004 年、2008 年和 2012 年連續當選治安官，2016 年正式退休。在阿爾帕約擔任治安官期間，其嚴厲打擊罪犯與非法移民，並因試圖以粉色囚服降低罪犯暴力衝突行為，並因對囚犯待遇消極而受到一些人士的不滿。2003 年，一些囚犯抗議室外溫度達 32℃而監獄缺少降溫裝置，對此阿爾帕約回應道：“在伊拉克，士兵們住在帳篷中，那裡高達 120 華氏度（約 49℃），他們可沒有犯下罪行，所以，閉上你們的嘴！”
en: Joseph Michael Arpaio (; born June 14, 1932) is an American former law enforcement officer and politician. He served as the 36th Sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona for 24 years, from 1993 to 2017, losing reelection to Democrat Paul Penzone in 2016.
qas: question: zh_tw: 喬・阿爾帕約曾擔任過什麼官職？
en: Joseph Michael Arpaio was a officer that served as what?
answers: zh_tw: text: 馬里科帕縣治安官（sheriff）
en: text: 36th Sheriff of Maricopa County
1981 年愛爾蘭絕食抗議

context: zh_tw: 1981 年愛爾蘭絕食抗議（英語：1981 Irish hunger strike）發生於北愛爾蘭問題中，它將一場為期五年的共和派囚犯抗議活動推向頂峰。這一抗議活動始於 1976 年的毛毯示威（blanket protest），當時英國政府取消了準軍事組織囚犯的特殊政治犯地位（Special Category Status）。1978 年，在若干離開牢房清理便壺的囚犯受到攻擊的事件之後，這一抗議示威升級為穢物示威（dirty protest），囚犯們拒絕清洗，並且在牢房牆壁上塗滿排洩物。1980 年，七名囚犯參與了持續 53 天的第一次絕食抗議。
qas: question: zh_tw: 1981 年愛爾蘭人捱餓持續了多久？
en: How long did the 1981 Irish hunger strikes last?
answers: zh_tw: text: 五年

context: zh_tw: 1981 年的第二次絕食抗議運動是囚犯同首相瑪格麗特・撒切爾夫人的最後攤牌。一名參與絕食的囚犯博比・桑茲在絕食運動期間當選為下院議員，這激起了全世界媒體的興趣。此次絕食運動在包括博比・桑茲在內的十名囚犯死去之後停止。有 100,000 人參加了桑茲的葬禮。這一抗議事件使得民族主義更為激進，並促使新芬黨成為一個主流政黨。
qas: question: zh_tw: 是什麼促使新芬黨成為一個受歡迎的政黨的？
en: What gave Sinn Fein the context to turn into a popular political party?
answers: zh_tw: text: 抗議

context: zh_tw: 1976 年 9 月 14 日，新關押囚犯 Kieran Nugent 開始發起 “毛毯示威”，愛爾蘭共和軍和愛爾蘭國家解放軍戰俘都拒絕穿上囚服，有些打赤膊有些用監獄裡的毛毯改做成衣服。1978 年獄警襲擊了出牢房 “倒尿屎盆”（例如，倒夜壺）的囚犯，這一事件後來升級為一場穢物示威運動，囚犯們不洗澡還把糞便抹在牆上。這些反抗運動都是為了獲得政治犯地位，為此他們提出後來為人們所知的 “五項要求”。
qas: question: zh_tw: 囚犯的衣服是用什麼做的？
en: What did the prisoners make garments out of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 監獄裡的毛毯

context: zh_tw: 漢弗萊・阿特金斯發表宣告稱桑茲的自殺 “出於某些人對他的啟示，即他的死對他們的事業有益。” 他的葬禮按照愛爾蘭共和國最高軍事榮譽進行，葬禮路線兩側排滿了超過十萬人。撒切爾夫人對他的死並未表示遺憾，她告訴下議院 “桑茲是一名罪犯。他選擇結束自己的生命。而這種選擇，他所在的組織並沒有給予被他們殺害的人。”
qas: question: zh_tw: 桑茲怎麼死？
en: How did Sands die?
answers: zh_tw: text: 結束自己的生命

context: zh_tw: 在喬・麥克唐納和馬丁・赫爾森死後，在七月許多抗議者家庭參加了一場由天主教牧師丹尼斯・福勒（Denis Faul）神父支援的一個會議。這些家庭考慮到缺乏和牧師集會的社群，隨後決定與格里・亞當斯（Gerry Adams）會晤。在會議上，福勒神父對亞當斯施壓要求設法結束這場罷工。亞當斯同意要求愛爾蘭共和軍領導層對群眾下達結束罷工的命令。第二天亞當斯開會向六百個抗議者簡要說明了由英國政府擬議的和解方案，以求結束這場罷工。罷工民眾拒絕了這個和解方案，深信接受低於 “五項要求” 的任何條款是對鮑比・桑得斯和其他死者所做犧牲的背叛。
qas: question: zh_tw: 與福勒神父的會面是在哪兩位先生的死亡之後？
en: The meeting with Father Faul followed the deaths of which two gentlemen?
answers: zh_tw: text: 在喬・麥克唐納和馬丁・赫爾森死後，在七月許多抗議者家庭參加了一場由天主教牧師丹尼斯・福勒（Denis
鮑里斯・利沃維奇・瓦西里耶夫
Boris Vasilyev (writer)

context: zh_tw: 鮑里斯・利沃維奇・瓦西里耶夫（俄語：Борис Львович Васильев，1924 年 5 月 21 日－2013 年 3 月 11 日），蘇聯作家、編劇、第二次世界大戰參戰軍人。代表作為中篇小說《這裡的黎明靜悄悄》。
en: Boris Lvovich Vasilyev (Russian: Борис Львович Васильев; 21 May 1924 – 11 March 2013) was a Russian writer and screenwriter. He is considered the last representative of the so-called lieutenant prose, a group of former low-ranking Soviet officers who dramatised their traumatic World War II experience.
qas: question: zh_tw: 瓦西里耶夫是何時出生的？
en: When was Vasilyev born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1924 年 5 月 21 日
en: text: 21 May 1924
深淵中的基督
Christ of the Abyss

context: zh_tw: 由於受到腐蝕和甲殼類動物的生長量，雕像曾經從水中取出修復，並於 2003 年恢復原貌。一隻手也曾經被錨分割，已被更換。這座雕像是在 2004 年 7 月 17 日回到了水裡的新基地。
en: The original bronze statue was placed in the Mediterranean Sea on 22 August 1954, at approximately 17 metres (56 ft) depth, and stands 2.5 metres (8 ft) tall. It was sculpted by Guido Galletti, based on an idea of Italian diving instructor Duilio Marcante. The statue was placed near the spot where Dario Gonzatti, the first Italian to use SCUBA gear, died in 1947. It depicts Christ offering a benediction of peace, with his head and hands raised skyward. The statue was subsequently dedicated to the memory of Marcante.Due to increasing amounts of corrosion and the growth of crustaceans, the statue was removed from the water and restored in 2003. A hand that had been detached, presumably by an anchor, was also replaced. The statue was returned to the water with a new base on 17 July 2004. The statue was cleaned in 2018.
qas: question: zh_tw: 該雕像何時被複原？
en: When was the statue restored?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2004 年 7 月 17 日
en: text: 17 July 2004
大賦格
Große Fuge

context: zh_tw: 1826 年初，出版商阿爾塔利亞在提出將大賦格從原本的絃樂四重奏作品中分拆之前，已向貝多芬指有「不少意見」希望此曲有一個鋼琴四手的改編版本（由於此曲當時並不受歡迎，因此這有可能僅是出版商的託辭），但當時貝多芬對此並無興趣。因此阿爾塔利亞轉而邀請奧地利作曲家安東改編。然而貝多芬對該改編不甚滿意，於是自行譜寫一更忠於原作的版本。此版本於其第十四絃樂四重奏（作品 131）後完成，阿爾塔利亞以作品 134 出版。2005 年 10 月 13 日，有報導稱賓夕凡尼亞州溫尼伍德的柏爾馬神學院，一名圖書館管理員找到鑑證過的貝多芬 1826 年手稿，標題為「Grosse Fuge (a piano four-hands version of the op. 133 string quartet finale)」。此篇樂章即是貝多芬的鋼琴四手聯彈改編，作品 134，已經失蹤了 115 年。
en: In July 2005 an authentic 1826 Beethoven manuscript titled "Grande Tugue [sic] à quatre mains" was found by a librarian at the Palmer Theological Seminary in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. The manuscript was authenticated by Dr. Jeffrey Kallberg at the University of Pennsylvania and by Dr. Stephen Roe, head of Sotheby's Manuscript Department. This was the four-hand piano arrangement of the Große Fuge, Op. 134. The manuscript had been missing for 115 years. It was auctioned by Sotheby's Auction House on 1 December 2005; it was bought for GBP 1.12 million (USD 1.95 million) by a then-unknown purchaser, who has since revealed himself to be Bruce Kovner, a publicity-shy multi-billionaire who donated the manuscript—along with 139 other original and rare pieces of music—to the Juilliard School of Music in February 2006. It has since become available in their online manuscript collection. The manuscript's known provenance is that it was listed in an 1890 catalogue and sold at an auction in Berlin to a Cincinnati, Ohio industrialist, whose daughter gave it and other manuscripts including a Mozart Fantasia to a church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1952. It is not known how the Beethoven manuscript came to be in the possession of the library.
qas: question: zh_tw: 一個著名作曲家的真實檔案被發現在哪裡？
en: A genuine document of a famous composer was discovered where?
answers: zh_tw: text: 賓夕凡尼亞州溫尼伍德的柏爾馬神學院
en: text: Palmer Theological Seminary in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
艾法度・摩拉利斯
Alfredo Morales

context: zh_tw: 2008 年 11 月，摩拉利斯在德國地區聯賽首次代表哈化柏林二隊上陣。2010 年，他獲提升至職業隊，並首次獲安排加入球會的夏季訓練營，但他並未入選球員名單之列。由於佩德代（Fanol Perdedaj）及拉斐爾接連受傷，他在 2010 年 12 月 5 日對 1860 慕尼黑的賽事中首次亮相一隊賽，但在該場球隊以 0:1 落敗。
en: His first steps he did at the famous club Borussia Pankow in the east of Berlin. In November 2008, Morales made his first match for the second team of Hertha BSC in the Regionalliga. In 2010, he was allowed to travel with the professional players to the summer training camp for first time, though he could not make it to the squad. Due to injuries to Fanol Perdedaj and Raffael, however, he made his professional debut for Hertha's first team on December 5, 2010, in a match against 1860 Munich, which Hertha lost 0–1.On May 17, 2013, Morales joined FC Ingolstadt on a two-year contract. Morales received a red card in the 80th minute of Ingolstadt's opening match against Erzgebirge Aue on July 19, 2013, after earning a spot in the starting XI. On May 16, 2018 Morales joined newly promoted Bundesliga team Fortuna Düsseldorf.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰的受傷讓莫拉萊斯獲得了與赫塔隊的主力一起踢球的時間？
en: Who was injured that allowed Morales to get playing time with Hertha's first team?
answers: zh_tw: text: 佩德代（Fanol Perdedaj）及拉斐爾
en: text: Fanol Perdedaj and Raffael
劍橋大學休斯學院
Hughes Hall, Cambridge

context: zh_tw: 起初，學院設在紐納姆學院裡的一座名為克羅夫頓（Crofton）的小樓內，共有 14 位學生。首任校長（任期：1885-1899）伊麗莎白・休斯（Elizabeth Phillips Hughes，1851-1925）畢業於紐納姆學院。1895 年，學院遷至專為其建造的大樓內。新大樓由威廉・福西特（William Fawcett）設計，面朝劍橋大學的芬那板球場（Fenner’s Cricket Ground）。該大樓沿用至今。瑪麗・休斯（Mary Hughes，1866-1956）的著書《一個八十年代的倫敦女孩》（A London Girl of the 1880s）回憶了她作者作為學院第一批學生的經歷，當時瑪麗名為茉莉・托馬斯（Molly Thomas）。
en: The college was initially founded as the Cambridge Training College for Women, and it began with 14 students in a small house in Newnham called Crofton Cottage. The first principal was a graduate of Newnham College, Elizabeth Phillips Hughes (1851-1925), who was in post from 1885 to 1899. In 1895, the college moved to a distinguished purpose-built building, designed by architect William Fawcett, overlooking Fenner's Cricket Ground - which continues to be the main college building to this day. One of the first matriculants, Molly Thomas, recounted the experience of the first class of students in A London Girl of the 1880s, published under her married name, M.V. Hughes.
qas: question: zh_tw: 莫莉・托馬斯的婚名是什麼？
en: What was Molly Thomass' married name?
answers: zh_tw: text: 瑪麗・休斯（Mary Hughes，1866-1956）的著書《一個八十年代的倫敦女孩》（A London Girl of the 1880s）
en: text: M.V. Hughes
卡斯特的復仇
Custer's Revenge

context: zh_tw: 正如 1980 年代早期的很多電子遊戲製作公司一樣，Mystique 終於被迫結業。它將旗下游戲的智慧財產權出讓給 Playaround 公司，後者以《西部嘿咻》之名繼續製作本作一段時間。Playaround 對本作進行了一些小修改，例如將女性角色的皮膚改黑，讓她張開手臂作出誘使 “卡斯特” 靠近的姿態。該公司還製作了本作的一個名為《撤退將軍》（General Retreat）的修改版，這次是由女性角色克服障礙來與 “卡斯特” 相會。相對於原作的弓箭，女主角面對的是炮彈。
en: In General Retreat, it is the woman who has to overcome various obstacles to have sex with Custer. Instead of arrows, cannonballs are fired at the woman.
qas: question: zh_tw: 用什麼來代替弓箭？
en: What was used in replacement of arrows
answers: zh_tw: text: 炮彈
en: text: cannonballs
甲基鋰
Methyllithium

context: zh_tw: 甲基鋰是一個有機鋰試劑，化學式為 CH3Li。這種 s 區的有機金屬化合物無論在固體或溶液中都是低聚態。這種高活性的化合物經常用於合成醚，並用於有機合成和有機金屬化學。涉及到它的反應需要在無水條件下進行，因為它與水劇烈反應。氧氣和二氧化碳也不能與它共存。因此甲基鋰使用前通常不事先製備，但可以溶解在各種醚溶液中儲存。
en: Methyllithium is the simplest organolithium reagent with the empirical formula CH3Li. This s-block organometallic compound adopts an oligomeric structure both in solution and in the solid state. This highly reactive compound, invariably used as a solution in ethers, is a reagent in organic synthesis as well as organometallic chemistry.  Operations involving methyllithium require anhydrous conditions, because the compound is highly reactive toward water. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are also incompatible with MeLi. Methyllithium is usually not prepared, but purchased as a solution in various ethers.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這個化合物採用什麼結構？
en: The compound adopts a what structure?
answers: zh_tw: text: 低聚態
en: text: oligomeric structure

question: zh_tw: 什麼條件是甲基鋰的最佳條件？
en: What conditions are optimal conditions for methyllithium?
answers: zh_tw: text: 無水條件
en: text: anhydrous conditions
基因表達譜
Gene expression profiling

context: zh_tw: 人類基因組包含了 19000 個蛋白編碼基因，它們協同工作，產生了 1000000 不同的蛋白質。這是由於透過可變剪接，轉錄後修飾機制以及翻譯後修飾機制，細胞可以利用一個基因模板製造出多個不同的蛋白質序列。通常情況下，一次質譜分析實驗可以識別大約 2000-10000 個蛋白質分子。一個細胞能產生的精確的蛋白質種類數量比知道每個基因能能產生多少 mRNA 更有價值，基因圖譜能在單次實驗中最大程度地提供出細胞功能總體態勢圖。
en: The human genome contains on the order of 25,000 genes which work in concert to produce on the order of 1,000,000 distinct proteins.  This is due to alternative splicing, and also because cells make important changes to proteins through posttranslational modification after they first construct them, so a given gene serves as the basis for many possible versions of a particular protein. In any case, a single mass spectrometry experiment can identify about
qas: question: zh_tw: 細胞自身發生重要變化的這個現象叫什麼？
en: What is the phenomenon called in which cells make important changes amongs themselves?
answers: zh_tw: text: 翻譯後修飾機制
en: text: posttranslational modification
JEdit
JEdit

context: zh_tw: jEdit 也有很方便的宏定義功能，可以用 BeanShell、Jython 和 JavaScript 等指令碼語言。
en: The application is highly customizable and can be extended with macros written in BeanShell, Jython, JavaScript and some other scripting languages.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼用於編寫宏的程式語言例子？
en: What is an example of a programming language used to write macros?
answers: zh_tw: text: BeanShell、Jython 和 JavaScript
en: text: BeanShell, Jython, JavaScript
傑克森・阿維利諾・科埃略
Jajá

context: zh_tw: 賈賈出自美洲 (MG) 青訓體系。2004 年 11 月，他加盟荷蘭豪門費耶諾德，之後被立即租借到比利時球隊韋斯特洛。 2006 年 1 月，賈賈加盟西班牙球隊赫塔費，並在 2006/07 賽季下半賽季得到 2 次出場機會。2006 年夏季，他被租借回到巴西，加盟弗拉門戈。之後他又被先後租借到比利時的根克和韋斯特洛。2008 年 2 月，賈賈和烏克蘭足球超級聯賽球隊哈爾科夫冶金簽約三年半。他在烏克蘭表現出色，並在 2008 年成為第二位贏得烏克蘭超級聯賽 MVP 的外籍球員。2010 年 8 月 7 日，他以 420 萬歐元的身價加盟土耳其球隊特拉布宗體育，和球隊簽約四年。 8 月 30 日，他在和安塔利亞體育的比賽上演在土耳其聯賽的首秀。 2010/11 賽季，他為球隊出場 29 次，射進 12 球。
en: A youth product of América-MG, Jajá Coelho arrived in Europe to sign for Dutch club Feyenoord in November 2004, but signed a loan deal with Westerlo immediately after his arrival to Rotterdam. Jajá joined Getafe CF in January 2006 after a year loan spell. After only two games for Getafe CF in 2nd half of 2005–06 season, he was loaned to Flamengo in the second half of the 2006 season, and later signed a loan deal with Racing Genk in the 2nd half of the 2006–07 season. Finally, he was loaned out to Westerlo in the 1st half of 2007–08.
qas: question: zh_tw: 租借協議是和哪球隊籤的？
en: What company was the loan deal signed with?
answers: zh_tw: text: 韋斯特洛
en: text: Westerlo
德國頌歌
Hymne an Deutschland

context: zh_tw: 《德國頌歌》（德語：Hymne an Deutschland）是德意志聯邦共和國的第一首國歌，使用於 1950 年 12 月 31 日至 1952 年 5 月 2 日。魯道夫・亞歷山大・施羅德（Rudolf Alexander Schröder）作詞，赫爾曼・路德（Hermann Reutter）作曲。由於《德意志之歌》在納粹時期作為國歌的歷史，西德總統特奧多爾・豪斯希望將《德國頌歌》採納為國歌，其音樂風格接近宗教音樂，但並未被國民熟悉。1952 年德國總理康拉德・阿登納最終說服總統將《德意志之歌》的第三段作為國歌。
en: Its lyrics were written by Rudolf Alexander Schröder in 1950. Hermann Reutter composed its tune after Carl Orff, whom Heuss wanted to have as composer, had rejected the request and suggested Reutter instead. Heuss’ attempts failed, and in 1952 he and Chancellor Adenauer recognized the "Deutschlandlied" as the new national anthem, with only the third stanza being sung on official occasions.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰作的詞？
en: who wrote the lyrics?
answers: zh_tw: text: 魯道夫・亞歷山大・施羅德（Rudolf Alexander Schröder）作詞，赫爾曼・路德（Hermann
en: text: Rudolf Alexander Schröder

question: zh_tw: 雷特創作了哪首歌？
en: Reutter composed which song?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《德意志之歌》
en: text: Deutschlandlied
萊克縣 (俄勒岡州)
Lake County, Oregon

context: zh_tw: 根據 2000 年人口普查，萊克縣擁有 7,422 居民、3,084 住戶和 2,152 家庭。其人口密度為每平方英里 1 居民（每平方公里 0.37 居民）。萊克縣擁有 3,999 間房屋單位，其密度為每平方英里 0.48 間（每平方公里 0.18 間）。萊克縣的人口是由 90.97% 白人、0.13% 黑人、2.37% 土著、0.71% 亞洲人、0.13% 太平洋島民、3.19% 其他種族和 2.48% 混血構成。而西班牙裔或拉丁美洲人佔了人口 5.44%。在 90.97% 白人當中，有 14.1% 為愛爾蘭人、13.8% 德國人以及 11.8% 為英國人。在 7,422 居民當中，有 95.9% 母語為英語以及 3.6% 為西班牙語。在 3,084 住戶中，有 29% 擁有一個或以上的兒童（18 歲以下）、58.6% 為夫妻、7.5% 為單親家庭、30.2% 為非家庭、23.70% 住戶為獨居，12.00% 住戶有同居長者。平均每戶有 2.39 人，而平均每個家庭則有 2.84 人。在 7,422 居民中，有 24.9% 為 18 歲以下、5.1% 為 18 至 24 歲、24.3% 為 25 至 44 歲、28.1% 為 45 至 64 歲以及 17.7% 為 65 歲以上。人口的年齡中位數為 43 歲，每 100 個女性就有 100.5 個男性。而每 100 個成年女性（18 歲以上）就有 98.3 個成年男性。萊克縣的住戶收入中位數為 $29,506，而家庭收入中位數則為 $36,182。男性的收入中位數為 $29,454，而女性的收入中位數則為 $23,475。萊克縣的人均收入為 $16,136。約 13.40% 家庭和 16.10% 人口在貧窮線以下，包括 20.4% 兒童（18 歲以下）及 9.5% 長者（65 歲以上）。
en: As of the census of 2000, there were 7,422 people, 3,084 households, and 2,152 families residing in the county.  The population density was 1 person per square mile (0/km2).  There were 3,999 housing units at an average density of 0 per square mile (0/km2).  The racial makeup of the county was 90.97% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 2.37% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 3.19% from other races, and 2.48% from two or more races.  5.44% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 14.1% were of Irish, 14.0% United States or American, 13.8% German and 11.8% English ancestry. 95.9% spoke English and 3.6% Spanish as their first language.
qas: question: zh_tw: 該縣的人口有 7422 人是在哪一年？
en: What year did the county have a population of 7,422?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2000 年
en: text: 2000
1999 年國際足協世界青年錦標賽
1999 FIFA World Youth Championship

context: zh_tw: 1999 年國際足協世界青年錦標賽是國際足總第 12 屆國際足總世界青年足球錦標賽，本屆主辦國為奈及利亞，比賽日期為 1999 年 4 月 3 日至 4 月 24 日。本次舉辦城市有 8 個，其為伊巴丹、拉哥斯、埃努古、哈科特港、卡諾、卡拉巴爾、卡杜納、包奇。
en: The 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship took place in Nigeria between 3 April and 24 April 1999. This was the 12th edition of the tournament.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1999 年 4 月奈及利亞舉行了哪項足球賽事？
en: Which soccer event was held in Nigeria in April 1999?
answers: zh_tw: text: 國際足總世界青年足球錦標賽
en: text: FIFA World Youth Championship
埃爾科縣
Elko County, Nevada

context: zh_tw: 根據 2000 年人口普查，埃爾科縣擁有 45,291 居民、15,638 住戶和 11,493 家庭。。其人口密度為每平方英里 3 居民（每平方公里 1 居民）。埃爾科縣擁有 18,456 間房屋單位，其密度為每平方英里 1 間（每平方公里 0.41 間）。埃爾科縣的人口是由 82.04% 白人、0.59% 黑人、5.30% 土著、0.68% 亞洲人、0.11% 太平洋島民、8.50% 其他種族和 2.78% 混血構成。而西班牙裔或拉丁美洲人佔了人口 19.73%。在 15,638 住戶中，有 43.00% 擁有一個或以上的兒童（18 歲以下）、59.30% 為夫妻、8.40% 為單親家庭、而有 26.50% 為非家庭。其中 20.90% 住戶為獨居，4.80% 為同居長者。平均每戶有 2.85 人，而平均每個家庭則有 3.33 人。在 45,291 居民中，有 32.50% 為 18 歲以下、8.80% 為 18 至 24 歲、31.50% 為 25 至 44 歲、21.30% 為 45 至 64 歲以及 5.90% 為 65 歲以上。人口的年齡中位數為 31 歲，每 100 個女性就有 108.80 個男性。每 100 個成年女性（18 歲以上）就有 109.40 個成年男性。埃爾科縣的住戶收入中位數為 $48,383，而家庭收入中位數則為 $52,206。男性的收入中位數為 $41,322，而女性的收入中位數則為 $24,653。埃爾科縣的人均收入為 $18,482。約 7.00% 家庭和 8.90% 人口在貧窮線以下。
en: There were 15,638 households out of which 43.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.30% were married couples living together, 8.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.50% were non-families. 20.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.33.
qas: question: zh_tw: 獨居人口的百分比是多少？
en: What is the percentage of population living on their own?
answers: zh_tw: text: 20.90%
en: text: 20.9