zetavg/mlqa_en_zh_tw huggingface dataset:
米格 - 19 戰鬥機
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19

context: zh_tw: 作為蘇聯空軍與東德空軍的主力裝備，米格 - 19 參加了大量對西方飛機的攔截行動。1957 年秋季，一架米格 - 19 的駕駛員報告稱發現了一架偵察機，事後發現這是一架 U-2。在 U-2 後來執行的幾次任務中，米格 - 19 多次起飛試圖攔截，但由於升限限制均未成功。在攔截中，米格 - 19 採用了一種被稱為 “倉卒向上射擊” 的機動，即透過開啟加力衝刺至本機升限（甚至略微超過），然後用機炮或火箭彈攻擊上方的 U-2。這樣的危險動作導致許多米格 - 19 進入尾旋狀態無法改出而墜毀。1960 年擊落加里・鮑爾斯所駕駛的 U-2 的行動中，由於指揮混亂，一架米格 - 19P 被己方的一枚 S-75（北約稱 SA-2）擊落，飛行員謝爾蓋・薩夫羅諾夫陣亡。1960 年 7 月 1 日，一架米格 - 19 擊落了一架 RB-47H（編號 S/N53-4281），但北約方面聲稱該機當時正位於北極圈內的公海上空，機上 6 名成員中 4 人死亡，2 人被俘，1961 年被釋放。1964 年 1 月 28 日，一架誤入東德領空的 T-39 被米格 - 19 擊落，機上 3 人死亡。
en: During their service with Soviet Anti-Air Defense and in East Germany, MiG-19s were involved in multiple interceptions of Western reconnaissance aircraft. The first documented encounter with a Lockheed U-2 took place in the autumn of 1957. The MiG-19 pilot reported seeing the aircraft, but could not make up the 2,234 m (7,000 ft) difference in altitude. When Francis Gary Powers's U-2 was shot down in the 1960 incident, one pursuing MiG-19P was also hit by the salvo of S-75 Dvina (NATO: SA-2 "Guideline") missiles, killing the pilot Sergei Safronov. In a highly controversial incident, on 1 July 1960, a MiG-19 shot down an RB-47H (S/N 53-4281) reconnaissance aircraft in international airspace over the Arctic Circle with four of the crew killed and two captured by the Soviets (they were released in 1961). In another incident, on 28 January 1964, a MiG-19 shot down a T-39 Sabreliner which had strayed into East German airspace while on a training mission; all three crewmembers were killed.
qas: question: zh_tw: 1960 年 7 月，有多少名蘇聯人在這場極具爭議的事件中被俘？
en: How many Soviets were caught in the highly controversial incident in July of 1960?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2
en: text: two
乙酸

context: zh_tw: 乙酸是一種簡單的羧酸，由一個甲基一個羧基組成，是一種重要的化學試劑。在化學工業中，它被用來製造聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯，後者即飲料瓶的主要部分。乙酸也被用來製造電影膠片所需要的醋酸纖維素和木材用膠粘劑中的聚乙酸乙烯酯，以及很多合成纖維和織物。家庭中，乙酸稀溶液常被用作除垢劑。食品工業方面，在食品新增劑列表 E260 中，乙酸是規定的一種酸度調節劑。
qas: question: zh_tw: E260 調節什麼樣的酸？
en: What kind of acid does E260 control?
answers: zh_tw: text: 乙酸

context: zh_tw: 以醋的形式，乙酸溶液（一般含 5% 到 18%（質量分數）的乙酸）被用作調味品，也被用來醃蔬菜和其他食物。一般來說，醃菜用的醋在濃度上比一般調味品醋濃度更大。食用醋的總量在世界乙酸年產量中只佔一個很小的比例，不過在歷史上，這卻是一個悠久的應用。
qas: question: zh_tw: 使用哪種調味品是眾所周知的應用。
en: Using what condiment is a well-known application.
answers: zh_tw: text: 醋
印度航空 101 號班機空難
Air India Flight 101

context: zh_tw: 印度航空 101 號班機空難是印度航空一班的來回賈特拉帕蒂・希瓦吉國際機場至倫敦希斯洛機場定期航班，1966 年 1 月 24 日，一架波音 707 客機墜毀於白朗峰附近，造成 117 人死亡。
en: Air India Flight 101 was a scheduled Air India passenger flight from Bombay to London that accidentally flew into Mont Blanc in France on the morning of 24 January 1966. The accident was caused by a misunderstood verbal instruction from the radar controller to the pilot in lieu of VOR data, one of the receivers being out of service. The crash was almost at the exact spot where Air India Flight 245, a Lockheed 749 Constellation on a charter flight, had crashed in 1950 with the loss of all 48 on board that aircraft.
qas: question: zh_tw: 101 號班機飛過哪裡？
en: Where did flight 101 fly?
answers: zh_tw: text: 白朗峰
en: text: into Mont Blanc in France
柏林
Berlin

context: zh_tw: 柏林無論是從文化、政治、傳媒還是科學上講都稱的上是世界級城市。該市經濟主要基於服務業，包括多種多樣的創造性產業、傳媒集團、議會舉辦地點。柏林扮演歐洲大陸上航空與鐵路運輸交通樞紐的角色，同時它也是歐盟內遊客數量最多的城市之一。主要的產業包括資訊科技、製藥、生物工程、生物科技、光學電子、交通工程和可再生能源。
en: Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations and convention venues. Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination. Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics.
qas: question: zh_tw: 柏林以什麼聞名？
en: What is Berlin known for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 文化、政治、傳媒還是科學
en: text: culture, politics, media and science
羅素的茶壺
Russell's teapot

context: zh_tw: 羅素寫道，如果他聲稱，有一個茶壺在地球和火星之間圍繞太陽轉，而他指望別人相信他的理由，居然是沒有人能證明這宣告是錯，他認為這顯然是荒謬的。羅素的茶壺至今仍然頻繁出現在有關神是否存在的討論中。
en: Russell specifically applied his analogy in the context of religion. He wrote that if he were to assert, without offering proof, that a teapot, too small to be seen by telescopes, orbits the Sun somewhere in space between the Earth and Mars, he could not expect anyone to believe him solely because his assertion could not be proven wrong.
qas: question: zh_tw: 羅素運用什麼比喻來反對宗教？
en: What is the analogy Russell uses to argue against religion?
answers: zh_tw: text: 有一個茶壺在地球和火星之間圍繞太陽轉
en: text: without offering proof, that a teapot, too small to be seen by telescopes, orbits the Sun somewhere in space between the Earth and Mars
克里斯・馬汀
Chris Martin

context: zh_tw: 克里斯・馬汀以個人的身分為不同的歌手撰寫了許多歌曲，包括 Embrace 樂團的「Gravity」和潔米莉雅（Jamelia）的「See It In a Boy's Eyes」等。他也與朗・賽克斯（Ron Sexsmith）、Faultline、街頭小子（The Streets）和伊安・馬克庫羅（Ian McCulloch）等人合作。此外，他在 2004 年底也參與了 Band Aid 20 的單曲「Do They Know It's Christmas?」，在其中擔任主唱。在 2005 年，馬汀和妮莉・費塔朵（Nelly Furtado）為了她的專輯《Loose》而合唱「All Good Things」這首歌曲。但唱片公司隨後認為克里斯的聲音聽起來音太粗而將這首歌從專輯中拿掉。他們一起在 2002 年的格拉斯頓伯裡音樂節（Glastonbury Festival）表演之後，曾有傳聞指出兩人是一對戀人。對此費塔朵開玩笑表示「是啊，他是我的男友 — 只是他還不知道而已」。在 2006 年和肯伊・威斯特（Kanye West）於 Abbey Road 錄音室 的現場即興演出後，馬汀也期待與他進行合作。他和肯伊・威斯特的合作歌曲預計會收錄在威斯特的新專輯《Graduation》中，預計在 2007 年下半年發行。馬汀對於嘻哈音樂的興趣不只如此，2006 年夏天他和饒舌歌手傑斯（Jay-Z）合作《王者再臨》（Kingdom Come）專輯。兩人曾先在年初見面，傑斯向馬汀表示他希望有合作的機會，因此兩人在之後一直保持連絡。馬汀為了歌曲「Beach Chair」編寫了一些和絃，並交給傑斯請嘻哈製作人德瑞博士（Dr. Dre）加入鼓聲節奏，最後完成這首歌曲。傑斯在 2006 年 9 月 27 日場次的歐洲巡迴演唱會中與馬汀一起演出了這首歌。
en: As a solo artist, Martin has written songs for a variety of acts including Embrace ("Gravity") and Jamelia ("See It in a Boy's Eyes", co-written with Coldplay producer Rik Simpson). Martin has also collaborated with Ron Sexsmith, Faultline, the Streets, and Ian McCulloch. He also sang a part of the vocals for the Band Aid 20 single, "Do They Know It's Christmas?" at the end of 2004. In 2005, Martin collaborated with Nelly Furtado on the track "All Good Things (Come to an End)", for her 2006 album, Loose. The two were once rumoured to be a couple, after they both performed at Glastonbury in 2002. Nelly Furtado joked about it, saying, "Yeah, he's my boyfriend—he just doesn't know it yet".Martin's fascination with hip hop was shown in mid-2006 when he collaborated with rapper Jay-Z for the rapper's comeback album Kingdom Come after the two met earlier in the year. Martin put some chords together for a song known as "Beach Chair" and sent them to Jay-Z who enlisted the help of hip-hop producer Dr. Dre to mix it. Coldplay producer Rik Simpson conceived and performed the drum beats. The song was performed on 27 September 2006 by the two during Jay-Z's European tour at Royal Albert Hall. Martin has also worked on a solo collaboration with Kanye West, with whom he shared an impromptu jam session during a 2006 concert at Abbey Road Studios. He performed the chorus of "Homecoming", from Kanye West's album Graduation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 費塔朵 2006 年的專輯叫什麼？
en: What was the name of Furtado's 2006 album?
answers: zh_tw: text: 《Loose》
en: text: Loose
國際帕拉林匹克委員會
International Paralympic Committee

context: zh_tw: 1989 年起擔任主席的為加拿大籍的羅伯特・斯特德沃德，他為創始主席至 2001 年，曾於加拿大成立加拿大殘疾人體育基金。
en: The International Paralympic Committee has had three presidents to date. Its founding president, who presided it from 1989 to 2001, was the Canadian Robert Steadward, who had previously founded the Canadian Sports Fund for the Physically Disabled. He was succeeded in 2001 by Philip Craven, a British Paralympian and former President of the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation, who served as President until 2017. Craven was succeeded by Brazil's Andrew Parsons, IPC Vice President from 2013 to 2017 and a former President of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee.
qas: question: zh_tw: 羅伯特・斯特德沃德的國際是什麼？
en: What was Robert Steadward's nationality?
answers: zh_tw: text: 加拿大籍
en: text: Canadian
維諾德・柯斯拉
Vinod Khosla

context: zh_tw: 維諾德・柯斯拉（古木基文：ਵਿਨੋਦ ਖੋਸਲਾ，英語：Vinod Khosla，1955 年 1 月 28 日－），生於印度德里，印度裔美國籍企業家，創業投資家。他是昇陽電腦的共同創辦者之一，也是第一任執行長與主席。1986 年，他加入風險投資公司，Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers。
en: Vinod Khosla (born 28 January 1955) is an Indian American billionaire engineer, businessman and venture capitalist. He is a co-founder of Sun Microsystems, and the founder of Khosla Ventures. In 2014, Forbes named him amongst the 400 richest people in the world. He is well-known for a failed decade-long legal battle to overturn the California Coastal Act and privatize Martins Beach.
qas: question: zh_tw: 維諾德・柯斯拉在哪月出生？
en: Which month was Vinod Khosla born in?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1 月
en: text: January
2014 年冬季奧林匹克運動會無舵雪橇比賽
Luge at the 2014 Winter Olympics

context: zh_tw: 總共有來自 24 個國家 110 名運動員參賽。哈薩克和東加 (也是首次參加冬奧) 都是首次參加冬奧無舵雪橇比賽。
en: 110 athletes from 24 nations are scheduled to participate, with number of athletes in parenthesis. Both Kazakhstan and Tonga (also making its Winter Olympics debut) marked their first Olympic appearances in the sport. India's athlete competed as an Independent Olympic Participants, as the Indian Olympic Association was suspended by the International Olympic Committee; the suspension was later lifted, but not before India's athlete had already competed under the Independent Olympic Participant banner. IOC decision to disqualify Russia was nullified by the Court of Arbitration for Sport.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些國家在奧運會期間首次亮相？
en: Which countries made their debut during the Olympics?
answers: zh_tw: text: 哈薩克和東加
en: text: Kazakhstan and Tonga
五朔節

context: zh_tw: 康瓦爾郡的（Padstow）每年舉行 「Obby-Oss」 (愛好馬匹) 節日。這被認為是英國最古老的土壤肥力儀式（fertility rites）之一；慶祝者會和 Oss 一起跳著舞穿過城鎮街道甚至私人花園，伴隨著手豐琴演奏者和身著用紅色或藍色的飾帶裝飾的白衣的演唱傳統「五朔節」歌曲的跟隨者。全鎮用春季綠樹裝飾每年有上千盤觀者參與。19 世紀前特殊的五朔節慶典曾在康瓦爾郡流傳甚廣，現又在聖艾夫斯和彭贊斯復甦。
qas: question: zh_tw: 多少人前來慶祝愛好馬匹節日？
en: How many people go to Obby-Oss?
answers: zh_tw: text: 上千

context: zh_tw: 若年份是閏年那麼就該由女性放置花柱。所有行動通常都是秘密的，由個人決定是否提示她 / 他自己的身份或保持匿名。
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰負責放置五朔節的花柱？
en: Who is in charge of placing the maypole?
answers: zh_tw: text: 女性
JQuery

context: zh_tw: jQuery 是一套跨瀏覽器的 JavaScript 函式庫，簡化 HTML 與 JavaScript 之間的操作。由約翰・雷西格（John Resig）在 2006 年 1 月的 BarCamp NYC 上釋出第一個版本。目前是由 Dave Methvin 領導的開發團隊進行開發。全球前 10,000 個訪問最高的網站中，有 65% 使用了 jQuery，是目前最受歡迎的 JavaScript 函式庫。
qas: question: zh_tw: 最終在哪一年成型？
en: What year did it finally come to be?
answers: zh_tw: text: 2006 年

context: zh_tw: jQuery 是開源軟體，使用 MIT 許可證授權。 jQuery 的語法設計使得許多操作變得容易，如操作文件物件（document）、選擇文件物件模型（DOM）元素、建立動畫效果、處理事件、以及開發 Ajax 程式。jQuery 也提供了給開發人員在其上建立外掛的能力。這使開發人員可以對底層互動與動畫、高階效果和高階主題化的元件進行抽象化。模組化的方式使 jQuery 函式庫能夠建立功能強大的動態網頁以及網路應用程式。
qas: question: zh_tw: 指令碼庫以什麼聞名？
en: What is the javascript library known for?
answers: zh_tw: text: 建立功能強大的動態網頁以及網路應用程式

context: zh_tw: 微軟和諾基亞已宣佈在他們的平臺上繫結 jQuery。微軟最初在 Visual Studio 中集成了 jQuery 以便在微軟自己的 ASP.NET AJAX 框架和 ASP.NET MVC Framework 中使用，而諾基亞則在他的 Web 執行時元件開發平臺中集成了 jQuery。MediaWiki 自從 1.16 版本後也開始使用 jQuery。
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼公司將 MVC 和 AJAX 框架整合到一個小部件開發平臺？
en: What company integrated the MVC and AJAX frame works into a widget development platform?
answers: zh_tw: text: 微軟最初在 Visual Studio 中集成了 jQuery 以便在微軟自己的 ASP.NET AJAX 框架和 ASP.NET MVC
巴黎 - 奧利機場
Orly Airport

context: zh_tw: 巴黎 - 奧利機場（法語：Aéroport de Paris - Orly，IATA 程式碼：ORY；ICAO 程式碼：LFPO）是一座位於瓦勒德馬恩省奧利的機場。機場距離巴黎市中心 13 公里（8.1 英里）。該機場的航班都是往歐洲、中東、非洲、加勒比地區、北美洲和東南亞地區。在戴高樂機場建成前，這座機場是全巴黎最重要的機場。現在多數國際航班都轉往戴高樂機場，只有部分國際航班和國內航班留在此機場。奧利機場是法國第二繁忙的機場。在 2007 年，客運量為 26,441,000。
en: Paris Orly Airport (French: Aéroport de Paris-Orly), commonly referred to as Orly (IATA: ORY, ICAO: LFPO), is an international airport located partially in Orly and partially in Villeneuve-le-Roi, 7 NM (13 km; 8.1 mi) south of Paris, France. It serves as a secondary hub for domestic and overseas territories flights of Air France and as the homebase for Transavia France.  Flights operate to destinations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Caribbean, North America, East Asia and Southeast Asia. Prior to the opening of Charles de Gaulle Airport in March 1974, Orly was the main airport of Paris. Even with the shift of most international traffic to Charles de Gaulle Airport, Orly remains the busiest French airport for domestic traffic and the second busiest French airport overall in passenger traffic, with 33,120,685 passengers in 2018. The airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris Aéroport. Since February 2018, the CEO of the airport has been Régis Lacote.
qas: question: zh_tw: 從巴黎 - 奧利機場起飛的航班，其目的地為哪些？
en: Where are some destinations flights from Paris Orly operate to?
answers: zh_tw: text: 歐洲、中東、非洲、加勒比地區、北美洲和東南亞地區
en: text: Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Caribbean, North America, East Asia and Southeast Asia
歐文衝鋒槍
Owen Gun

context: zh_tw: 歐文槍是在 1942 年開始正式由坎布拉港和紐卡斯爾的約翰・萊薩特工廠投入生產，在生產高峰期每個星期生產 800 支。1942 年 3 月至 1943 年 2 月之間，萊薩特生產了 28,000 枝歐文槍。然而，最初的一批彈藥型別竟然是錯誤的，以至 10,000 枝歐文槍無法提供彈藥。政府再一次推翻軍方的官僚主義作風​​，並讓彈藥透過其最後的生產階段，以及運送到當時在新幾內亞與日軍戰鬥的澳大利亞部隊的手中。在 1941 年至 1945 年間生產了約 50,000 枝歐文槍。在戰爭期間，歐文槍的平均生產成本為 $ 30。雖然它是有點笨重，因為其可靠性，歐文槍在士兵當中變得非常流行。它是如此成功，它也被紐西蘭、英國和美國訂購。歐文槍後來也被澳大利亞部隊在朝鮮戰爭和越南戰爭，特別是步兵組的偵察兵。這仍然是一枝制式的澳大利亞陸軍武器，直到 1960 年代中期，它被 F1 衝鋒槍所取代。
en: The Owen went into production at the John Lysaght factories at Port Kembla and Newcastle. Between March 1942 and February 1943, Lysaght's produced 28,000 Owen Guns. However, the initial batch of ammunition turned out to be the wrong type and 10,000 guns could not be supplied with ammunition. Once again the government overrode military bureaucracy, and took the ammunition through the final production stages and into the hands of Australian troops, at that time fighting Japanese forces in New Guinea. Approximately 45,000 Owens were produced from 1942 to 1944. During the war, the average cost to manufacture the Owen submachine gun was $30.Although it was somewhat bulky, the Owen became very popular with soldiers because of its reliability. New Zealanders fighting in the Guadacanal and Solomon Islands campaigns swapped their Thompson submachine guns for Owens, as they found the Australian weapons to be more reliable.The Owen was later used by Australian troops in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, particularly the scouts in infantry sections. It remained a standard weapon of the Australian Army until the mid-1960s, when it was replaced by the F1 submachine gun and, later, the M16.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼取代了制式武器？
en: What was the standard weapon replaced with?
answers: zh_tw: text: F1 衝鋒槍
en: text: F1 submachine gun
約瑟夫 - 伊尼亞斯・吉約丹
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin

context: zh_tw: 約瑟夫 - 伊尼亞斯・吉約丹（Joseph-Ignace Guillotin，1738 年 5 月 28 日－1814 年 3 月 26 日）是一名法國醫生，出生於法國西南部城市桑特，1789 年入選國民制憲議會。他是廢除殘酷死刑的主要倡導者之一，推動通過了一項要求所有死刑應由一個簡單而高效的裝置來執行的法律，使得斬首不再是貴族的特權，死刑儘可能的不痛苦。在醫院利用死屍進行了幾個令人滿意的試驗後，於 1792 年 4 月 25 日使用新式斷頭臺在巴黎市政廳廣場處死了一名強盜。最初，斷頭臺在西方語言中是以其發明人安託萬・路易的名字命名為 Louisette 或 Louison，後來改為以吉約丹的名字稱呼斷頭臺為 Guillotine。吉約丹醫生本人在 1814 年因肩膀生疽而過世，絕非如傳說中的死在源於其姓氏的斷頭臺。為避免和斷頭臺扯上關係，他的後人更改了自己的姓氏。
en: Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (French pronunciation: ​[ɡijɔtɛ̃]; 28 May 1738 – 26 March 1814) was a French physician, politician and freemason who proposed on 10 October 1789 the use of a device to carry out death penalties in France, as a less painful method of execution. Although he really did not invent the guillotine, and in fact opposed the death penalty, his name became an eponym for it. The actual inventor of the prototype was a man named Tobias Schmidt. working with the kings physician Antoine Louis.
qas: question: zh_tw: 吉約丹何時出生的？
en: When was Guillotin born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 1738 年 5 月 28 日
en: text: 28 May 1738
索馬利亞蘭
Somaliland

context: zh_tw: 農業被認為是一個前景光明的行業，特別是糧食和園藝的生產。礦產業也很有潛力，雖然目前只包括沙石場，但是各種礦產儲量豐富。當地的車輛有 99% 都是日本製造。最近一次在索馬利蘭附近的調查顯示該國擁有豐富的海上和內陸石油及天然氣儲量。在過去幾年中已經有一些油井被開採，但是鑑於該國不被承認的現狀，外國石油公司無法從中獲益。
en: Various telecommunications firms also have branches in Somaliland. Among these companies is Telesom, one of the largest operators in Somaliland. Founded in 2002 with the objective of supplying the local market with telecommunications services such as GSM, fixed line, and Internet access, it has an extensive network that covers all of Somaliland's major cities and more than 40 districts in both Somalia and Somaliland. Telesom also offers among the cheapest international calling rates at US$0.2 less than its nearest competitor. Other telecommunication firms serving the region include Somtel, Telcom and NationLink.Livestock is the backbone of Somaliland's economy. Sheep, camels, and cattle are shipped from the Berbera port and sent to Gulf Arab countries, such as Saudi Arabia.Agriculture is generally considered to be a potentially successful industry, especially in the production of cereals and horticulture. Mining also has potential, though simple quarrying represents the extent of current operations, despite the presence of diverse quantities of mineral deposits.
qas: question: zh_tw: 他們在採石場尋找什麼？
en: What are they searching for in the quarry?
answers: zh_tw: text: 礦產儲量
en: text: mineral deposits
胼胝體
Corpus callosum

context: zh_tw: 第一個研究胼胝體的是費城外科醫生比恩，1906 年他認為 “胼胝體特別大的人可能特別聰明”，並認為男子和女子有明顯區分。可能與當時的政治氣候相關他必須說不同人種胼胝體的大小不同。最後他自己待的實驗室的主任富蘭克林・默爾否認了他的理論。
en: The first study of the corpus with relation to gender was by R. B. Bean, a Philadelphia anatomist, who suggested in 1906 that "exceptional size of the corpus callosum may mean exceptional intellectual activity" and that there were measurable differences between men and women. Perhaps reflecting the political climate of the times, he went on to claim differences in the size of the callosum across different races. His research was ultimately refuted by Franklin Mall, the director of his own laboratory.Of more mainstream impact was a 1982 Science article by Holloway and Utamsing that suggested sex difference in human brain morphology, which related to differences in cognitive ability. Time published an article in 1992 that suggested that, because the corpus is "often wider in the brains of women than in those of men, it may allow for greater cross-talk between the hemispheres—possibly the basis for women’s intuition."More recent publications in the psychology literature have raised doubt as to whether the anatomic size of the corpus is actually different. A meta-analysis of 49 studies since 1980 found that, contrary to de Lacoste-Utamsing and Holloway, no sex difference could be found in the size of the corpus callosum, whether or not account was taken of larger male brain size. A study in 2006 using thin slice MRI showed no difference in thickness of the corpus when accounting for the size of the subject.
qas: question: zh_tw: 解剖學家比恩來自美國哪個城市？
en: The anatomist R.B. Bean is from which American city?
answers: zh_tw: text: 費城
en: text: Philadelphia
福州市
Fuzhou

context: zh_tw: 根據 2011 年的統計資料，福州全市常住總人口 720 萬人，全市戶籍總人口 649.41 萬人，市區常住人口 296.30 萬人，市區戶籍人口 190.02 萬人，均居福建第二位，市區非農業戶籍人口 158.33 萬人，居福建第一位，是中國的特大城市之一。福州當地居民以漢族的福州族群為主，還包括被官方識別為漢族的福州疍民以及畲族、滿族等少數民族人口。 根據官方統計，福州籍的海外人口達到 300 多萬，還有 80 萬福州族群分佈於臺灣。 2005 年福州的出生率、死亡率和自然增長率分別為 11.3‰、5.5‰、5.8‰，城鎮人口占 54.5％，老齡人口占 9.9%，其中 65 歲以上的老齡人口占 6.76%。 2002 年的失業率為 1.27%，2008 年城鎮人口失業率為 3.3%。20 世紀晚期以來，福州經濟快速發展，產生大量勞動力需求，因此大批來自福建省內其他地區和外省的外來人口湧入福州就業。21 世紀初福州的外來人口有 44.74 萬，主要分佈在市區，佔總人口的 7% 左右，大部分為來榕務工的勞動力，其中來自福建本省和外省的勞動力大概各佔一半，外省勞動力主要來自四川、江西、安徽、湖南、浙江、貴州。外來勞動力 60% 以上從事工業、建築業等行業，還有 16% 左右在服務性行業工作。外來人口填補了福州經濟發展對勞動力的需求，對促進經濟起到了積極作用，但另一方面，這些外來人口的犯罪率較高，也造成了福州市治安一定程度的惡化。2001 年左右，福州罪犯中的外來人口占到了 36%，相對於外來總人口所佔比例為 7% 而言，該資料大大超過了當地人口的犯罪率。
en: Fuzhou lies on the north (left) bank of the estuary of Fujian's largest river, the Min River. All along its northern border lies Ningde, and Ningde's Gutian County lies upriver. Its population was 7,115,370 inhabitants as of the 2010 census, of whom 4,408,076 inhabitants are urban representing around 61.95%, while rural population is at 2,707,294 representing around 38.05%. In 2015, Fuzhou was ranked as the 10th Fastest Growing Metropolitan Areas in the world by Brookings Institution.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在 2010 年人口普查中，是福州市區人口少還是農村人口少？
en: Which is smaller as of the 2010 census, the urban population or the rural population of Fuzhou?
answers: zh_tw: text: 農業戶籍人口
en: text: rural population
Xsolla
Xsolla

context: zh_tw: Xsolla 總部位於美國洛杉磯，在俄羅斯的莫斯科和彼爾姆以及烏克蘭的基輔，韓國的首爾都開設了辦事處。其服務被多家知名遊戲公司所採用：Valve（Steam）、Aeria Games、BigPoint、Gameforge、Ankama、Wargaming.net、Gaijin Entertainment、GoodGame Studios、Snail Games 等等。
en: Xsolla is headquartered in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California. It has offices in Moscow and Perm in Russia, Kiev in Ukraine and Seoul in South Korea. Companies that use the service include Valve, Twitch.tv, Epic Games, Aeria Games, BigPoint Games, Gameforge, Ankama Games, Gaijin Entertainment, Goodgame Studios, Snail Games, and Roblox Corporation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 韓國的辦事處在哪裡？
en: where is the office in South Korea?
answers: zh_tw: text: 首爾
en: text: Seoul
戰慄時空 2 首部曲：浩劫重生
Half-Life 2: Episode One

context: zh_tw: 遊戲的負評主要集中於劇情的長度，整個遊戲基本上只要 4 至 6 小時就可結束，許多人認為遊戲並不符合其所標定的價格。另外《電腦遊戲雜誌》（Computer Games Magazine）質疑三部曲的劇情可能會越走越偏，而身為首部曲的本作，最後將會淪為無足輕重的地位；Game Revolution 則對遊戲沒有新武器或是新場景而感到失望
en: Upon release, Episode One was sold in both retail stores and Valve's online Steam distribution system, where it was sold at a discount price. The game was also distributed by Electronic Arts as both a standalone release and as part of Half-Life 2: Platinum Collection. It was available for pre-load and pre-purchase through Steam on May 1, 2006, with Half-Life Deathmatch: Source and Half-Life 2: Deathmatch immediately available for play as part of the package. Episode One is available as part of a bundle package known as The Orange Box, which also includes Half-Life 2, Episode Two, Team Fortress 2, and Portal; and is available for Mac, PC, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3. About 1.4 million retail copies of Episode One were sold by 2008.Response to Episode One was generally positive, and reviewers praised the game for having more intricate, well-paced gameplay than Half-Life 2. The game's interactivity, particularly in the form of Alyx and her reactions to the player's actions and the events of the game, was also singled out for praise. PC Gamer commented that "while this inaugural episode may not be the essential FPS that Half-Life 2 is, I can't imagine any shooter fan who'd want to miss it." In its review, PC Gamer UK directed particular praise to the balance between puzzle-oriented and action-oriented challenges throughout the game. In Australia, the magazine PC PowerPlay awarded the game 10 out of 10. Edge praised the "deftness" with which the game was able to direct the player's eyes, and the strength of Alyx as a companion, concluding, "In an interactive genre bound to the traditions of the pop-up gun and invisible hero, it simply doesn't get more sophisticated than this."  Episode One earned a scores of 87/100 and 85.59% on review aggregators Metacritic and GameRankings respectively. IGN awarded Episode One "Best PC FPS of 2006" and described it as a "great bang for the buck using Valve's new episodic plan", although it did not offer "the complete experience that Half-Life 2 was". GameSpy ranked Episode One ninth on its 2006 "Games of the Year" list, and it also noted the implementation of Alyx as a believable and useful companion.A common criticism of the game is its short length. Episode One takes roughly 4–6 hours to complete, which raises the issue of whether the game justifies its price. Computer Games Magazine argued the futility of reviewing the game due to its episodic nature; as the first part of a three-part story arc, it is difficult to judge it when divorced from the final product. Game Revolution expressed disappointment at a lack of new features such as environments and weapons.
qas: question: zh_tw: 《第一章》需要多少小時才能完成？
en: How any hours did Episode One take to complete?
answers: zh_tw: text: 4 至 6
en: text: 4–6
LuaTeX
LuaTeX

context: zh_tw: LuaTeX 是作為帶有 Lua 指令碼引擎嵌入的 pdfTeX 版本發起的基於 TeX 的電腦排版系統。經過一段時間的開發後被 pdfTeX 小組採納作為 pdfTeX 的繼任者（本身是 eTeX 的擴充套件，後者也生成 PDF）。後來在專案中 Aleph 的功能被包含進去（尤其是多方向排印）。該專案最初由 Oriental TeX project 資助，由 Idris Samawi Hamid、Hans Hagen 和 Taco Hoekwater 發起。
en: LuaTeX is a TeX-based computer typesetting system which started as a version of pdfTeX with a Lua scripting engine embedded. After some experiments it was adopted by the pdfTeX team as a successor to pdfTeX (itself an extension of eTeX, which generates PDFs). Later in the project some functionality of Aleph was included (esp. multi-directional typesetting). The project was originally sponsored by the Oriental TeX project, founded by Idris Samawi Hamid, Hans Hagen, and Taco Hoekwater.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰採用了它？
en: Who adopted it?
answers: zh_tw: text: pdfTeX 小組
en: text: pdfTeX team
自由文化運動
Free-culture movement

context: zh_tw: 在 1998 年，美國國會通過了桑尼・波諾版權期限延長法案，由柯林頓總統簽署。這份法案將著作權的期限延長了二十年，使得原先在著作人身後的著作權保護期限增加至七十年。因為這份立法過程經過像是迪士尼這樣的企業大力遊說，有時被戲稱為「保護米老鼠法案」。勞倫斯・雷席格表示，版權法是阻礙文化發展，知識共享和技術創新，且是基於私人利益（而不是公共利益）的立法。他在 1998 年到美國各地的校園演講，催生了自由文化運動，也為斯沃斯莫爾學院的自由文化學生組織奠立了基礎。
en: In 1998, the United States Congress passed the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act which President Clinton signed into law. The legislation extended copyright protections for twenty additional years, resulting in a total guaranteed copyright term of seventy years after a creator's death. The bill was heavily lobbied by music and film corporations like Disney, and dubbed as the Mickey Mouse Protection Act. Lawrence Lessig claims copyright is an obstacle to cultural production, knowledge sharing and technological innovation, and that private interests – as opposed to public good – determine law. He travelled the country in 1998, giving as many as a hundred speeches a year at college campuses, and sparked the movement. It led to the foundation of the first chapter of the Students for Free Culture at Swarthmore College.
qas: question: zh_tw: 什麼在斯沃斯莫爾學院被建立？
en: What was founded at Swarthmore College?
answers: zh_tw: text: 自由文化學生組織
en: text: Students for Free Culture
黑麋鹿
Black Elk

context: zh_tw: 黑麋鹿（拉科塔語：Heȟáka Sápa；英語：Black Elk；1863 年 12 月－1950 年 8 月 19 日），北印地安奧格拉拉蘇族人，身兼獵人、戰士、巫醫及先知等角色，為北美印第安戰爭中的印地安領袖瘋馬之堂弟（其父與瘋馬之父為堂兄弟）。9 歲時曾目睹「偉大的幻景」（靈視，vision）。1882 年（19 歲）開始行醫。1886 年（23 歲）曾參加表演團赴芝加哥、紐約、倫敦等地演出「麋鹿儀式」，英國維多利亞女王曾親臨觀賞。曾參與多次與白人的戰役，包括 1890 年（27 歲）的傷膝河之役。
en: Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk) (December 1, 1863 – August 19, 1950) was a wičháša wakȟáŋ ("medicine man, holy man") and heyoka of the Oglala Lakota people. He was a second cousin of the war leader Crazy Horse.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰是瘋馬的血親？
en: Who was related to Crazy Horse?
answers: zh_tw: text: 黑麋鹿
en: text: Heȟáka Sápa
吉爾吉斯斯坦
Kyrgyzstan

context: zh_tw: 作為中亞古國，吉爾吉斯斯坦歷史達兩千年，經歷各種王朝與文化。因其被山巒環繞而相對孤立，吉爾吉斯文化得以較好傳承；又因地理位置，吉爾吉斯斯坦處於多個文化交匯點。儘管眾多部落族群在吉爾吉斯斯坦居住已久，但時有外來勢力入侵統治。直至 1991 年從原蘇聯獨立後，吉爾吉斯斯坦成為一個擁有獨立主權的民族國家。政治體制為單一制和議會制。吉爾吉斯斯坦至今仍時有民族衝突、叛亂以及經濟問題。現為獨聯體、歐亞經濟聯盟和集體安全條約組織成員國；同時也是上海合作組織、伊斯蘭合作組織、突厥議會和突厥文化國際組織成員國。
en: Since independence, the sovereign state has officially been a unitary parliamentary republic, although it continues to endure ethnic conflicts, revolts, economic troubles, transitional governments and political conflict. Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Turkic Council, the Türksoy community and the United Nations.
qas: question: zh_tw: 吉爾吉斯斯坦參與的伊斯蘭組織叫什麼名字？
en: What is the name fo the Islamic organisation that Kyrgyzstan is a part of?
answers: zh_tw: text: 伊斯蘭合作組織
en: text: the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
微分方程
Differential equation

context: zh_tw: 數學領域對微分方程的研究著重在幾個不同的面向，但大多數都是關心微分方程的解。只有少數簡單的微分方程可以求得解析解。不過即使沒有找到其解析解，仍然可以確認其解的部份性質。在無法求得解析解時，可以利用數值分析的方式，利用電腦來找到其數值解。 動力系統理論強調對於微分方程系統的量化分析，而許多數值方法可以計算微分方程的數值解，且有一定的準確度。
en: If a closed-form expression for the solution is not available, the solution may be numerically approximated using computers. The theory of dynamical systems puts emphasis on qualitative analysis of systems described by differential equations, while many numerical methods have been developed to determine solutions with a given degree of accuracy.
qas: question: zh_tw: 可以用什麼來找到解析表示式的數值解？
en: What can be used to find solution to closed-form expression?
answers: zh_tw: text: 電腦
en: text: computers
濱海灣浮動舞臺
The Float @ Marina Bay

context: zh_tw: 濱海灣浮動舞臺（英語：The Float@Marina Bay，或 Marina Bay Floating Platform）是世界上最大的浮動舞臺。位於新加坡濱海灣濱海蓄水池。
en: The Float at Marina Bay, stylised as The Float@Marina Bay and also known as the Marina Bay Floating Platform, is the world's largest floating stage. It is located on the waters of the Marina Reservoir, in Marina Bay, Singapore.
qas: question: zh_tw: 名稱風格如何？
en: How is the name stylized?
answers: zh_tw: text: 濱海灣浮動舞臺
en: text: The Float@Marina Bay
擁抱阿瑪
Mata Amritanandamayi

context: zh_tw: Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Devī （讀作：瑪妲・阿穆瑞達南達瑪依・蔕薇，傳統譯法：摩多・阿彌利哆難陀摩伊・提毗），原名 Sudhamani Idamannel，1953 年九月 27 日出生，是印度的印度教靈性導師暨上師，被信眾奉為聖人，尊稱為 Amma （讀作：阿瑪），意指「母親」或是「神聖母效能量」。因她不吝給人擁抱，因此也被稱為擁抱阿瑪。
en: Mātā Amritānandamayī Devī (born Sudhamani Idamannel; 27 September 1953), better known simply as Amma ("Mother"), is a Hindu spiritual leader and guru who is revered as a saint by her followers.
qas: question: zh_tw: 蔕薇尊稱為什麼？
en: What is Devi better known as?
answers: zh_tw: text: Amma
en: text: Amma
Adobe Illustrator
Adobe Illustrator

context: zh_tw: 被納入 Creative Suite 套裝後不用數字編號，而改稱 CS 版本，並同時擁有 Mac OS X 和 Microsoft Windows 作業系統兩個版本。維納斯的頭像從 Illustrator CS（實質版本號 11.0）被更新為一朵藝術化的花朵，增加創意軟體的自然效果。CS 版本新增功能有新的文字引擎（對 OpenType 的支援）、“3D 效果” 等等。
en: Illustrator CS2 (version 12) was available for both the Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows operating systems. It was the last version for the Mac which did not run natively on Intel processors. Among the new features included in Illustrator CS2 were Live Trace, Live Paint, a control palette and custom workspaces. Live Trace allows for the conversion of bitmap imagery into vector art and improved upon the previous tracing abilities. Live Paint allows users more flexibility in applying color to objects, specifically those that overlap. In the same year as the CS2 release, Adobe Systems announced an agreement to acquire Macromedia in a stock swap valued at about $3.4 billion and it integrated the companies' operations, networks, and customer-care organizations shortly thereafter.  Adobe now owned FreeHand along with the entire Macromedia product line and in 2007, Adobe announced that it would discontinue development and updates to the FreeHand program. Instead, Adobe would provide tools and support to ease the transition to Illustrator.CS3 included interface updates to the Control Bar, the ability to align individual points, multiple Crop Areas, the Color Guide panel and the Live Color feature among others. CS3 was released March 27, 2007.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪些作業系統支援 Illustrator CS2？
en: Which operating systems support Illustrator CS2?
answers: zh_tw: text: Mac OS X 和 Microsoft Windows
en: text: Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows
2037 轟炸機
2037 Bomber

context: zh_tw: 2037 轟炸機（英文：2037 Bomber）是一個非官方稱呼，它是美國空軍用以取代 B-2 幽靈戰略轟炸機的戰略轟炸機。據預測，2037 轟炸機將集隱形能力、超音速飛行能力、遠端轟炸能力和無人駕駛能力於一身。
en: The 2037 Bomber is the unofficial name given to a heavy strategic bomber planned by the United States Air Force, intended to serve as a replacement for the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit. The aircraft is projected to enter service in 2037 as a stealth, supersonic, long-range bomber aircraft with capability for unmanned operation.
qas: question: zh_tw: 2037 轟炸機能夠使用哪種型別的操作？
en: What type of operation will the 2037 Bomber model be capable of using?
answers: zh_tw: text: 無人
en: text: unmanned
奈加代三期文化
Naqada III

context: zh_tw: 城邦在這個時代，甚至更早的時期開始形成。各種小城邦在沿尼羅河出現。通過幾個世紀的征服，上埃及地區合併成為三個大國：提尼斯，納卡達和希拉孔波利斯。納卡達是在提尼斯和希拉孔波利斯之間第一個覆滅的。然後提尼斯征服下埃及。希拉孔波利斯與提尼斯關係是不確定的，這兩個國家可能和平地進行合併，隨著提尼斯王室統治全埃及的。幾個世紀，提尼斯國王被埋在阿拜多斯的烏姆・卡伯墓地。
en: State formation began during this era and perhaps even earlier. Various small city-states arose along the Nile. Centuries of conquest then reduced Upper Egypt to three major states: Thinis, Naqada, and Nekhen. Sandwiched between Thinis and Nekhen, Naqada was the first to fall. Thinis then conquered Lower Egypt. Nekhen's relationship with Thinis is uncertain, but these two states may have merged peacefully, with the Thinite royal family ruling all of Egypt. The Thinite kings were buried at Abydos in the Umm el-Qa'ab cemetery.
qas: question: zh_tw: 埃及的統治者都埋放在哪裡？
en: Where were the rulers of Egypt laid to rest?
answers: zh_tw: text: 阿拜多斯的烏姆・卡伯墓地
en: text: Abydos in the Umm el-Qa'ab cemetery
弗里德里希・奧古斯特・凱庫勒・馮・斯特拉多尼茨
August Kekulé

context: zh_tw: 這個理論來自於原子價的觀念，特別是碳的四價（Kekulé 在 1857 年末宣佈），和碳原子相互聯絡的能力（在 1858 年 5 月發表的一篇論文中宣佈）以確定分子中所有原子的鍵合順序。根據那些先行者們的想法，例如威廉姆森，愛德華・弗蘭克蘭德，威廉・奧丁，奧古斯特・羅朗，查爾斯 - 阿道夫・武爾茨等人，凱庫勒是化學結構理論（1857-58）的主要制定者。
en: In 1856 Kekulé became Privatdozent at the University of Heidelberg.  In 1858 he was hired as full professor at the University of Ghent, then in 1867 he was called to Bonn, where he remained for the rest of his career.  Basing his ideas on those of predecessors such as Williamson, Edward Frankland, William Odling, Auguste Laurent, Charles-Adolphe Wurtz and others, Kekulé was the principal formulator of the theory of chemical structure (1857–58). This theory proceeds from the idea of atomic valence, especially the tetravalence of carbon (which Kekulé announced late in 1857) and the ability of carbon atoms to link to each other (announced in a paper published in May 1858), to the determination of the bonding order of all of the atoms in a molecule. Archibald Scott Couper independently arrived at the idea of self-linking of carbon atoms (his paper appeared in June 1858), and provided the first molecular formulas where lines symbolize bonds connecting the atoms. For organic chemists, the theory of structure provided dramatic new clarity of understanding, and a reliable guide to both analytic and especially synthetic work. As a consequence, the field of organic chemistry developed explosively from this point. Among those who were most active in pursuing early structural investigations were, in addition to Kekulé and Couper, Frankland, Wurtz, Alexander Crum Brown, Emil Erlenmeyer, and Alexander Butlerov.Kekulé's idea of assigning certain atoms to certain positions within the molecule, and schematically connecting them using what he called their "Verwandtschaftseinheiten" ("affinity units", now called "valences" or "bonds"), was based largely on evidence from chemical reactions, rather than on instrumental methods that could peer directly into the molecule, such as X-ray crystallography.  Such physical methods of structural determination had not yet been developed, so chemists of Kekulé's day had to rely almost entirely on so-called "wet" chemistry. Some chemists, notably Hermann Kolbe, heavily criticized the use of structural formulas that were offered, as he thought, without proof.   However, most chemists followed Kekulé's lead in pursuing and developing what some have called "classical" structure theory, which was modified after the discovery of electrons (1897) and the development of quantum mechanics (in the 1920s).
qas: question: zh_tw: 凱庫勒的理論是在哪個科學領域？
en: In what area of science was the Kekulé's theory?
answers: zh_tw: text: 化學結構
en: text: chemical structure
白松縣 (內華達州)
White Pine County, Nevada

context: zh_tw: 根據 2000 年人口普查，白松縣擁有 9,181 居民、3,282 住戶和 2,159 家庭。其人口密度為每平方英里 1 居民（每平方公里 0.4 居民）。白松縣擁有 4,439 間房屋單位，其密度為每平方英里 0.5 間（每平方公里 0.19 間）。白松縣的人口是由 86.35% 白人、4.14% 黑人、3.29% 土著、0.78% 亞洲人、0.24% 太平洋島民、3.09% 其他種族和 2.10% 混血構成。而西班牙裔或拉丁美洲人佔了人口 10.98%。在 3,282 住戶中，有 31.20% 擁有一個或以上的兒童（18 歲以下）、51.80% 為夫妻、9.3% 為單親家庭、而有 34.2% 為非家庭。其中 29.6% 住戶為獨居，11.5% 為同居長者。平均每戶有 2.42 人，而平均每個家庭則有 3.01 人。在 9,181 居民中，有 24.2% 為 18 歲以下、7.6% 為 18 至 24 歲、29.9% 為 25 至 44 歲、24.8% 為 45 至 64 歲以及 13.5% 為 65 歲以上。人口的年齡中位數為 38 歲，每 100 個女性就有 128.6 個男性。而每 100 個成年女性（18 歲以上）就有 138.5 個成年男性。白松縣的住戶收入中位數為 $36,688，而家庭收入中位數則為 $44,136。男性的收入中位數為 $36,083，而女性的收入中位數則為 $18,309。白松縣的人均收入為 $19,785。約 10.3% 家庭和 11.0% 人口在貧窮線以下。
en: There were 3,282 households out of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.80% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.01.
qas: question: zh_tw: 獨居的住戶佔百分之多少？
en: What percentage of households were individual residences?
answers: zh_tw: text: 29.6%
en: text: 29.6%
馬丁・路德・金
Martin Luther King Jr.

context: zh_tw: 1964 年 10 月 14 日，諾貝爾委員會因小馬丁・路德・金長期以非暴力方法追求種族平等理想而授予他諾貝爾和平獎。1965 年，他與 SCLC 共同組織「由塞爾瑪向蒙哥馬利進軍」行動；隔年又將民權運動往北擴散至芝加哥。在他生命最後幾年，除了民權運動，金也關注美國的貧窮問題和越南戰爭，發表《越南背後：打破沉默的時刻》演講說明他對越戰的立場轉變。金以曾規劃全美性質的佔領華盛頓特區行動，是為「窮人運動」。1968 年 4 月 4 日，馬丁・路德・金遭人暗殺，地點是田納西州孟斐斯一家汽車旅館。金遇刺後，全美各地都出現暴動。之後，詹姆斯・厄爾・雷遭到逮捕，被指為殺害金的兇手；根據他的辯詞，他是與政府特工一同策劃或犯案的，直到暗殺案後 20 年仍如此堅稱。1999 年 7 月召開的民事審判庭上，餐廳老闆勞伊德・宙沃斯被指為金遇刺案的共犯。
en: On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In 1965, he helped organize the Selma to Montgomery marches. The following year, he and the SCLC took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. In his final years, he expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty and the Vietnam War. He alienated many of his liberal allies with a 1967 speech titled "Beyond Vietnam". J. Edgar Hoover considered him a radical and made him an object of the FBI's COINTELPRO from 1963 on. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, recorded his extramarital liaisons and reported on them to government officials, and on one occasion mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.
qas: question: zh_tw: 國王支援哪種抗議？
en: What type of protest did King advocate?
answers: zh_tw: text: 非暴力
en: text: nonviolent
孫達爾・皮柴
Sundar Pichai

context: zh_tw: 皮採在印度泰米爾納德邦出生並長大。他在印度理工學院坎普爾分校 (Indian Institutes of Technology Kanpur) 獲得過工學學士學位（冶金工程）並被授予學院銀獎章， 同時擁有斯坦福大學的理學碩士學位（材料科學與工程）以及賓夕法尼亞大學沃頓商學院的工商管理學碩士學位。
en: Pichai was born in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India in a Tamil family. His mother Lakshmi was a stenographer and his father, Regunatha Pichai was an electrical engineer at GEC, the British conglomerate. His father also had a manufacturing plant that produced electrical components. Pichai grew up in a two-room apartment in Ashok Nagar, Chennai.Pichai completed schooling in Jawahar Vidyalaya, a Central Board of Secondary Education school in Ashok Nagar, Chennai and completed the Class XII from Vana Vani school in the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. He earned his degree from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur in metallurgical engineering. He is currently a distinguished alumnus. He holds an M.S. from Stanford University in material sciences and engineering, and an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he was named a Siebel Scholar and a Palmer Scholar, respectively.
qas: question: zh_tw: 皮採出生於什麼樣的家庭？
en: Into what type of family was Pichai born?
answers: zh_tw: text: 泰米爾
en: text: Tamil
氬
Argon

context: zh_tw: 因為氬的低傳熱率和惰性，氬氣在水肺潛水可以用來作為膨脹潛水衣的氣體。氬氣還可以在水肺中代替氮氣（吸收純氧對身體不好，因此水肺中要新增其他氣體），因為氮氣在高壓下會溶進血液裡而造成氮麻醉，氬氣則可以減輕這種症狀（雖然一般來說，惰性氣體也會造成這種症狀）。使用特定的方法可以使氬氣離子化並且發光，這種功能可用於電漿燈和粒子物理學中的能量器。以氬作成的氬雷射會發出藍光，它在醫學外科中可用於連線動脈、去除腫瘤和治療眼睛的缺陷等。氬氣還可以用於濺鍍。另外氬 - 39 有 269 年的半衰期，可以用於測定地下水和冰層的年齡，而鉀 - 氬年代測定法適用鉀 - 40 衰變成氬 - 40 的過程來用於測定火成岩的年齡。
en: Argon is used for thermal insulation in energy-efficient windows. Argon is also used in technical scuba diving to inflate a dry suit because it is inert and has low thermal conductivity.Argon is used as a propellant in the development of the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR).  Compressed argon gas is allowed to expand, to cool the seeker heads of some versions of the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile and other missiles that use cooled thermal seeker heads. The gas is stored at high pressure.Argon-39, with a half-life of 269 years, has been used for a number of applications, primarily ice core and ground water dating. Also, potassium–argon dating and related argon-argon dating is used to date sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks.Argon has been used by athletes as a doping agent to simulate hypoxic conditions.  In 2014, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) added argon and xenon to the list of prohibited substances and methods, although at this time there is no reliable test for abuse.
qas: question: zh_tw: 氬 - 39 的半衰期是多長時間？
en: What is the half-life of Argon 39?
answers: zh_tw: text: 269 年
en: text: 269 years
大衛・勞埃德・約翰斯頓
David Johnston

context: zh_tw: 大衛・勞埃德・莊士敦 CC CMM COM CD FRSC (hon) （英語：David Lloyd Johnston，1941 年 6 月 28 日－）曾任麥吉爾大學和滑鐵盧大學校長。由前加拿大總理史提芬・哈珀提名及經加拿大女王伊利沙白二世的任命，於 2010 年 10 月 1 日接替莊美楷成為加拿大總督。
en: Johnston was born and raised in Ontario, studying there before enrolling at Harvard University and later Cambridge and Queen's universities. He went on to work as a professor at various post-secondary institutions in Canada, eventually serving administrative roles as dean of law at the University of Western Ontario, principal of McGill University, and president of the University of Waterloo. At the same time, Johnston involved himself with politics and public service, moderating political debates and chairing commissions in both the federal and provincial spheres, his most renowned position in that field being the chairmanship of the inquiry into the Airbus affair. He was in 2010 appointed as governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of then Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper, to replace Michaëlle Jean as viceroy and he occupied the post until succeeded by Julie Payette in 2017. At the time, Johnston was predominantly praised as a worthy choice for the Queen's representative, though his appointment was denounced by some Quebec sovereigntists.
qas: question: zh_tw: 史提芬・哈珀在政府扮演什麼角色？
en: What role  in government did Stephen Harper have?
answers: zh_tw: text: 總理
en: text: Prime Minister
克里斯・安吉爾
Criss Angel

context: zh_tw: 克里斯・安吉爾製作並主演了 A&E 網路的電視節目克里斯・安吉爾的街頭魔術。第一、第二季是在星球好萊塢酒店和賭場拍攝，而第三季則在拉斯維加斯的盧克索酒店拍攝。節目首映於 2005 年 7 月 20 日，內容包括水中漫步、在盧克索酒店表演的人體漂浮（表演在 39 盞聚光燈下進行，以致在太空中也觀測得到表演地）、身處裝有 C4 炸藥的木箱並在爆炸後存活、觀眾圍觀下的全景人體切割，以及躺臥在滿布玻璃碎床上經壓路機碾壓等等不可思議的幻術。另外，在第三季中，他因在疾駛的汽車中跳車而備受關注。在這次表演中，安吉爾負傷並中斷節目製作長達 3 周。
en: In 2005, Criss Angel became the creator, director, and executive producer of the A&E Network show Criss Angel Mindfreak, and had entered production in January. Seasons 1 and 2 were filmed at The Aladdin in Las Vegas, with Season 3 at the Luxor Las Vegas. Premiering on July 20, 2005, the show's illusions included walking on water, levitating, walking up the side of Luxor Hotel (in the light of 39 focused lamps that can be seen from space), floating between two buildings, causing a Lamborghini to disappear, surviving in an exploding C4 Crate, cutting himself in half in full view of an audience and getting run over by a steamroller while lying on a bed of broken glass.
qas: question: zh_tw: 第三季在哪家酒店拍攝？
en: What hotel was season 3 filmed at?
answers: zh_tw: text: 拉斯維加斯的盧克索酒店
en: text: Luxor Las Vegas
斯巴達克斯
Spartacus

context: zh_tw: 斯巴達克斯這個名字被證實也用於黑海地區：色雷斯王朝波斯普拉王國和本都的國王都曾使用過這個名字。而稱謂「斯巴達」（Sparta）、「斯巴大克斯」（Spardacus）或奧德李希（色雷斯一部落）撒西斯一世的父親的名字「斯巴多克斯」（Sparadokos）也廣為人知。
en: The name Spartacus is otherwise manifested in the Black Sea region. Kings of the Thracian dynasty of the Cimmerian Bosporus and Pontus are known to have borne it, and a Thracian "Sparta" "Spardacus" or "Sparadokos", father of Seuthes I of the Odrysae, is also known.
qas: question: zh_tw: 哪個國王？
en: which King?
answers: zh_tw: text: 色雷斯王朝
en: text: Kings of the Thracian dynasty
Emma Goldman

context: en: Emma Goldman: A Documentary History of the American Years, Volume 1 – Made for America, 1890–1901. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. ISBN 0-520-08670-8.
qas: question: zh_tw: 這部記錄片是基於哪幾年的？
answers: en: text: 1890–1901

context: en: My Disillusionment in Russia. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page and Co., 1923.
qas: question: zh_tw: Garden City 在那個州？
answers: en: text: New York
Milton Friedman

context: en: Friedman was also known for his work on the consumption function, the permanent income hypothesis (1957), which Friedman himself referred to as his best scientific work. This work contended that rational consumers would spend a proportional amount of what they perceived to be their permanent income. Windfall gains would mostly be saved. Tax reductions likewise, as rational consumers would predict that taxes would have to increase later to balance public finances. Other important contributions include his critique of the Phillips curve and the concept of the natural rate of unemployment (1968). This critique associated his name, together with that of Edmund Phelps, with the insight that a government that brings about greater inflation cannot permanently reduce unemployment by doing so. Unemployment may be temporarily lower, if the inflation is a surprise, but in the long run unemployment will be determined by the frictions and imperfections of the labor market.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰聲稱所得假說是佛利民最重要的成就？
answers: en: text: Friedman

context: en: Friedman was best known for reviving interest in the money supply as a determinant of the nominal value of output, that is, the quantity theory of money. Monetarism is the set of views associated with modern quantity theory. Its origins can be traced back to the 16th-century School of Salamanca or even further; however, Friedman's contribution is largely responsible for its modern popularization. He co-authored, with Anna Schwartz, A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 (1963), which was an examination of the role of the money supply and economic activity in the U.S. history. A striking conclusion of their research regarded the way in which money supply fluctuations contribute to economic fluctuations. Several regression studies with David Meiselman during the 1960s suggested the primacy of the money supply over investment and government spending in determining consumption and output. These challenged a prevailing, but largely untested, view on their relative importance. Friedman's empirical research and some theory supported the conclusion that the short-run effect of a change of the money supply was primarily on output but that the longer-run effect was primarily on the price level.
qas: question: zh_tw: 誰也研究了貨幣供給？
answers: en: text: Friedman's
Acetic acid

context: en: Acetic acid has 349 kcal per 100 g. Vinegar is typically no less than 4% acetic acid by mass. Legal limits on acetic acid content vary by jurisdiction. Vinegar is used directly as a condiment, and in the pickling of vegetables and other foods. Table vinegar tends to be more diluted (4% to 8% acetic acid), while commercial food pickling employs solutions that are more concentrated. The proportion of acetic acid used worldwide as vinegar is not as large as commercial uses, but is by far the oldest and best-known application.
qas: question: zh_tw: 使用哪種調味品是眾所周知的應用。
answers: en: text: vinegar

context: en: Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid). It consists of a methyl group attached to a carboxyl group. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is controlled by the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. In biochemistry, the acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
qas: question: zh_tw: E260 調節什麼樣的酸？
answers: en: text: acetic