三進位電腦
Ternary computer

context: zh_tw: 於 1840 年由 Thomas Fowler 就以平衡三進位制的設計，使用木材建造了一臺早期的計算機。第一臺數位電子三進位制計算機 Setun，是於 1958 年在蘇聯莫斯科國立大學由 Nikolay Brusentsov 所建造，它比二進位計算機在未來發展上更有優勢，但二進位計算機因其低耗電和低廉的生產成本，而於現代盛行。1970 年，布魯納多夫構建了一個增強版本，他稱之為 Setun-70。在 1973 年美國開發了在二進位計算機器上模擬三進位制計算的 Ternac 模擬器。
en: One early calculating machine, built by Thomas Fowler entirely from wood in 1840, operated in balanced ternary. The first modern, electronic ternary computer Setun was built in 1958 in the Soviet Union at the Moscow State University by Nikolay Brusentsov, and it had notable advantages over the binary computers which eventually replaced it, such as lower electricity consumption and lower production cost. In 1970 Brusentsov built an enhanced version of the computer, which he called Setun-70.  In the USA, the ternary computing emulator Ternac working on a binary machine was developed in 1973.The ternary computer QTC-1 was developed in Canada.
qas: question: zh_tw: 在 1970 年的時候當時最新的 brusentov 發展的電腦是什麼？
en: What was the latest computer developed by Brusentsov in the 1970?
answers: zh_tw: text: Setun-70。
en: text: Setun-70

question: zh_tw: 第一臺現代三元計算機的名稱是什麼？
en: What is the name of the first modern ternary computer?
answers: zh_tw: text: Setun，是於
en: text: Setun

context: zh_tw: 隨著生產二進位計算機元件的經濟規模出現，三進位制計算機受到關注而流行於世的可能性已經降低。然而 Donald Knuth 認為，以三元邏輯的簡單設計與高效，可能會有人再次投入研發；有種可能的可行方案是將光學計算機與三元邏輯系統相結合。使用光纖的三元計算機可以使用 0 和 2 的正交偏振光作為 1 和 -1。IBM 也有報導三元計算主題的論文，但它並沒有積極參與其中。
en: With the advent of mass-produced binary components for computers, ternary computers have diminished in significance. However, Donald Knuth argues that they will be brought back into development in the future to take advantage of ternary logic's elegance and efficiency. One possible way this could happen is by combining an optical computer with the ternary logic system. A ternary computer using fiber optics could use dark as 0 and two orthogonal polarizations of light as 1 and −1. IBM also reports infrequently on ternary computing topics (in its papers), but it is not actively engaged in it.The Josephson junction has been proposed as a balanced ternary memory cell, using circulating superconducting currents, either clockwise, counterclockwise, or off.  "The advantages of the proposed memory circuit are capability of high speed computation, low power consumption and very simple construction with fewer elements due to the ternary operation."In 2009, a quantum computer was proposed which uses a quantum ternary state, a qutrit, rather than the typical qubit. When the number of basic states of quantum element is d, it is called qudit.
qas: question: zh_tw: 由於大規模生產，大量減少了什麼？
en: What diminished in vast amounts due to mass production?
answers: zh_tw: text: Knuth 認為，以三元邏輯的簡單設計與高效，可能會有人再次投入研發；有種可能的可行方案是將光學計算機與三元邏輯系統相結合。
en: text: ternary computers

question: zh_tw: 誰是三進位制計算機的提倡者？
en: Who is a proponent of ternary computers?
answers: zh_tw: text: Donald Knuth
en: text: Donald Knuth

question: zh_tw: 約瑟夫森結使用什麼樣的電流？
answers: en: text: circulating superconducting currents

context: zh_tw: 約瑟夫遜結已被提出作為一個平衡的三元儲存器單元，採用迴圈超導電流，無論是順時針、逆時針，或關斷。“由於三元操作，所提出的儲存器電路的優點是具有高速計算能力，低功耗和非常簡單的構造，並具有較少的元件。”
qas: question: zh_tw: 約瑟夫森結使用什麼樣的電流？
en: What kinds of currents does the Josephson junction use?
answers: zh_tw: text: 迴圈超導電流