wiki_qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

question_id stringlengths 2 5	question stringlengths 14 103	document_title stringlengths 3 67	answer stringlengths 3 637	label class label 2 classes
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	It has been used in the context of alternative medicine since Halbert L. Dunn, M.D. , began using the phrase high level wellness in the 1950s.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	The modern concept of wellness did not, however, become popular until the 1970s.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	The term has been defined by the Wisconsin-based National Wellness Institute as an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	URL_http This is consistent with a shift in focus away from illness in viewing human health, typical of contexts where the term wellness is used.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	In other words, wellness is a view of health that emphasizes the state of the entire being and its ongoing development.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	The phrase can also be seen as an analogue to the medical term " homeostasis ".	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	Wellness can also be described as "the constant, conscious pursuit of living life to its fullest potential."	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	Halbert L. Dunn, M.D. , began using the phrase high level wellness in the 1950s, based on a series of lectures at a Unitarian Universalist Church in Arlington, Virginia, in the United States.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	Dunn (196, p. 4) defined wellness as "an integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	It requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning."	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	He also stated that "wellness is a direction in progress toward an ever-higher potential of functioning" (p. 6).	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	Alternative approaches to wellness are often denoted by the use of two different phrases: health and wellness, and wellness programs.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	These kinds of wellness programs offer alternative medicine techniques to improve wellness.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	Whether these techniques actually improve physical health is controversial and a subject of much debate.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	James Randi and the James Randi Educational Foundation are outspoken critics of this alternative new age concept of wellness.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	The behaviors in the pursuit of wellness often include many health related practices, such as natural therapies .	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	Wellness, as a luxury pursuit, is found obviously in the more affluent societies because it involves managing the body state after the basic needs of food, shelter and basic medical care have already been met.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	Many of the practices applied in the pursuit of wellness, in fact, are aimed at controlling the side effects of affluence, such as obesity and inactivity.	00
Q2884	what is the concept of "wellness" ?	Wellness (alternative medicine)	Wellness grew as a popular concept starting in the 19th century, just as the middle class began emerging in the industrialized world, and a time when a newly prosperous public had the time and the resources to pursue wellness and other forms of self-improvement.	00
Q2892	what was the first mario 3D game	List of video games featuring Mario	Mario , who serves as Nintendo 's mascot, is a fictional character created by game designer Shigeru Miyamoto and voiced by Charles Martinet .	00
Q2892	what was the first mario 3D game	List of video games featuring Mario	This is a list of video games where the character Mario plays a part, either as the protagonist , antagonist , supporting character , as part of an ensemble cast , as a cameo , or in a game within a game.	00
Q2892	what was the first mario 3D game	List of video games featuring Mario	It does not include simple references to the character, such as the portraits of Mario found in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past .	00
Q2892	what was the first mario 3D game	List of video games featuring Mario	The year indicated is the year the game was first released, most commonly in Japan ; games were sometimes released years later in other regions of the world.	00
Q2892	what was the first mario 3D game	List of video games featuring Mario	The list includes ports , remakes and compilations .	00
Q2892	what was the first mario 3D game	List of video games featuring Mario	It doesn't include any Virtual Console re-releases.	00
Q2896	who is not considered an eastern doctors of the church	Doctor of the Church	St. Isidore of Seville , a 7th century Doctor of the Church, depicted by Murillo (c. 1628) with a book, common iconographical object for a doctor.	00
Q2896	who is not considered an eastern doctors of the church	Doctor of the Church	Doctor of the Church ( Latin doctor, teacher, from Latin docere, to teach) is a title given by a variety of Christian churches to individuals whom they recognize as having been of particular importance, particularly regarding their contribution to theology or doctrine.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	A thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Video demonstrating a chemical reaction.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms , with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation .	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes may both occur.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents .	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change , and they yield one or more products , which usually have properties different from the reactants.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions , and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism .	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Chemical reactions are described with chemical equations , which graphically present the starting materials, end products, and sometimes intermediate products and reaction conditions.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Chemical reactions happen at a characteristic reaction rate at a given temperature and chemical concentration, and rapid reactions are often described as spontaneous , requiring no input of extra energy other than thermal energy.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Non-spontaneous reactions run so slowly that they are considered to require the input of some type of additional energy (such as extra heat, light or electricity) in order to proceed to completion ( chemical equilibrium ) at human time scales.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	Different chemical reactions are used in combinations during chemical synthesis in order to obtain a desired product.	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	In biochemistry , a similar series of chemical reactions form metabolic pathways .	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	These reactions are often catalyzed by protein enzymes .	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	These enzymes increase the rates of biochemical reactions, so that metabolic syntheses and decompositions impossible under ordinary conditions may be performed at the temperatures and concentrations present within a cell .	00
Q2897	what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?	Chemical reaction	The general concept of a chemical reaction has been extended to non-chemical reactions between entities smaller than atoms, including nuclear reactions , radioactive decays , and reactions between elementary particles as described by quantum field theory .	00
Q2902	what is the temperature of mammoth cave	Mammoth Cave National Park	Mammoth Cave National Park is a U.S. National Park in central Kentucky , encompassing portions of Mammoth Cave, the longest cave system known in the world .	00
Q2902	what is the temperature of mammoth cave	Mammoth Cave National Park	The official name of the system is the Mammoth-Flint Ridge Cave System for the ridge under which the cave has formed.	00
Q2902	what is the temperature of mammoth cave	Mammoth Cave National Park	The park was established as a national park on July 1, 1941.	00
Q2902	what is the temperature of mammoth cave	Mammoth Cave National Park	It became a World Heritage Site on October 27, 1981, and an international Biosphere Reserve on September 26, 1990.	00
Q2902	what is the temperature of mammoth cave	Mammoth Cave National Park	The park's are located primarily in Edmonson County, Kentucky , with small areas extending eastward into Hart County and Barren County .	00
Q2902	what is the temperature of mammoth cave	Mammoth Cave National Park	It is centered around the Green River , with a tributary , the Nolin River , feeding into the Green just inside the park.	00
Q2902	what is the temperature of mammoth cave	Mammoth Cave National Park	With of passageways it is by far the world's longest known cave system, being well over twice as long as the second-longest cave system, South Dakota 's Jewel Cave , which has just over of known passageways.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	The moons of Saturn (also known as the natural satellites of Saturn) are numerous and diverse ranging from tiny moonlets less than 1 kilometer across to the enormous Titan which is larger than the planet Mercury .	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	Saturn has 62 moons with confirmed orbits, 53 of which have names and only 13 of which have diameters larger than 50 kilometers.	11
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	Saturn has seven moons that are large enough to be ellipsoidal due to having planetary mass , as well as dense rings with complex orbital motions of their own.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	Particularly notable among Saturn's moons are Titan, the second- largest moon in the Solar System, with a nitrogen-rich Earth-like atmosphere and a landscape including hydrocarbon lakes and dry river networks; and Enceladus , which emits jets of gas and dust and may harbor liquid water under its south pole region.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	Twenty-four of Saturn's moons are regular satellites; they have prograde orbits not greatly inclined to Saturn's equatorial plane.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	They include the seven major satellites, four small moons which exist in a trojan orbit with larger moons, two mutually co-orbital moons and two moons which act as shepherds of Saturn's F Ring .	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	Two other known regular satellites orbit within gaps in Saturn's rings.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	The relatively large Hyperion is locked in a resonance with Titan.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	The remaining regular moons orbit near the outer edge of the A Ring , within G Ring and between the major moons Mimas and Enceladus.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	The regular satellites are traditionally named after Titans and Titanesses or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn .	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	The remaining 38, all small except one, are irregular satellites, whose orbits are much farther from Saturn, have high inclinations, and are mixed between prograde and retrograde .	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	These moons are probably captured minor planets , or debris from the breakup of such bodies after they were captured, creating collisional families .	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	The irregular satellites have been classified by their orbital characteristics into the Inuit , Norse , and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	The largest of the irregular moons is Phoebe , the ninth moon of Saturn, and was discovered at the end of the 19th century.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	The rings of Saturn are made up of objects ranging in size from microscopic to hundreds of meters, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons.	00
Q2903	what is the measurements of saturn's moons	Moons of Saturn	At least 150 moonlets embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	A cannon is any piece of artillery that uses gunpowder or other usually explosive-based propellants to launch a projectile.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	Cannon vary in caliber , range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire, and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	The word cannon is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as tube, cane, or reed.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	The plural of cannon is also cannon, though more commonly in America, cannons.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen out of common usage, replaced by "guns" or "artillery" if not a more specific term such as "mortar" or "howitzer".	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	In aviation, cannon generally describes weapons firing bullets larger than 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) in diameter.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	First used in China , cannon were among the earliest forms of gunpowder artillery, and over time replaced siege engines —among other forms of aging weaponry—on the battlefield.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	In the Middle East, the first use of the hand cannon is argued to be during the 1260 Battle of Ain Jalut between the Mamluks and Mongols .	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	The first cannon in Europe were probably used in Iberia in the 11 and 12th centuries, and English cannon were first deployed in the Hundred Years' War , at the Battle of Crécy , in 1346.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	On the African continent , the cannon was first used by the Somali Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi of the Adal Sultanate in his conquest of Ethiopia in 1529.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	It was during this period, the Middle Ages , that cannon became standardized, and more effective in both the anti-infantry and siege roles.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	After the Middle Ages most large cannon were abandoned in favor of greater numbers of lighter, more maneuverable pieces.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	In addition, new technologies and tactics were developed, making most defences obsolete; this led to the construction of star forts , specifically designed to withstand artillery bombardment though these too (along with the Martello Tower ) would find themselves rendered obsolete when explosive and armour piercing rounds made even these types of fortifications vulnerable.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	Cannon also transformed naval warfare in the early modern period , as European navies took advantage of their firepower.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	As rifling became commonplace, the accuracy and destructive power of cannon was significantly increased, and they became deadlier than ever, both to infantry who belatedly had to adopt different tactics, and to ships, which had to be armoured.	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	In World War I , the majority of combat fatalities were caused by artillery; they were also used widely in World War II .	00
Q2921	what is the size of the largest cannon ball	Cannon	Most modern cannon are similar to those used in the Second World War, although the importance of the larger caliber weapons has declined with the development of missiles .	00
Q2924	who is the founder of twitter	Twitter	Twitter is an online social networking service and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read text-based messages of up to 140 characters , known as "tweets".	00
Q2924	who is the founder of twitter	Twitter	Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey and by July, the social networking site was launched.	11
Q2924	who is the founder of twitter	Twitter	The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, with over 500 million registered users as of 2012, generating over 340 million tweets daily and handling over 1.6 billion search queries per day.	00
Q2924	who is the founder of twitter	Twitter	Since its launch, Twitter has become one of the ten most visited websites on the Internet, and has been described as "the SMS of the Internet ."	00
Q2924	who is the founder of twitter	Twitter	Unregistered users can read tweets, while registered users can post tweets through the website interface, SMS, or a range of apps for mobile devices.	00
Q2924	who is the founder of twitter	Twitter	Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco , with additional servers and offices in New York City , Boston , and San Antonio .	00
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	The OpenID logo	00
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	OpenID is an open standard that allows users to be authenticated by certain co-operating sites (known as Relying Parties or RP) using a third party service, eliminating the need for webmasters to provide their own ad hoc systems and allowing users to consolidate their digital identities .	11
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	Users may create accounts with their preferred OpenID identity providers , and then use those accounts as the basis for signing on to any website which accepts OpenID authentication.	00
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	The OpenID standard provides a framework for the communication that must take place between the identity provider and the OpenID acceptor (the "relying party").	00
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	An extension to the standard (the OpenID Attribute Exchange) facilitates the transfer of user attributes, such as name and gender, from the OpenID identity provider to the relying party (each relying party may request a different set of attributes, depending on its requirements).	00
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	The OpenID protocol does not rely on a central authority to authenticate a user's identity.	00
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	Moreover, neither services nor the OpenID standard may mandate a specific means by which to authenticate users, allowing for approaches ranging from the common (such as passwords) to the novel (such as smart cards or biometrics ).	00
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	The term OpenID may also refer to an identifier as specified in the OpenID standard; these identifiers take the form of a unique URI , and are managed by some 'OpenID provider' that handles authentication.	00
Q2931	what is google openid	OpenID	OpenID authentication is now used and provided by several large websites.	00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

It has been used in the context of alternative medicine since Halbert L. Dunn, M.D. , began using the phrase high level wellness in the 1950s.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

The modern concept of wellness did not, however, become popular until the 1970s.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

The term has been defined by the Wisconsin-based National Wellness Institute as an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

URL_http This is consistent with a shift in focus away from illness in viewing human health, typical of contexts where the term wellness is used.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

In other words, wellness is a view of health that emphasizes the state of the entire being and its ongoing development.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

The phrase can also be seen as an analogue to the medical term " homeostasis ".

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

Wellness can also be described as "the constant, conscious pursuit of living life to its fullest potential."

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

Halbert L. Dunn, M.D. , began using the phrase high level wellness in the 1950s, based on a series of lectures at a Unitarian Universalist Church in Arlington, Virginia, in the United States.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

Dunn (196, p. 4) defined wellness as "an integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

It requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning."

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

He also stated that "wellness is a direction in progress toward an ever-higher potential of functioning" (p. 6).

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

Alternative approaches to wellness are often denoted by the use of two different phrases: health and wellness, and wellness programs.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

These kinds of wellness programs offer alternative medicine techniques to improve wellness.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

Whether these techniques actually improve physical health is controversial and a subject of much debate.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

James Randi and the James Randi Educational Foundation are outspoken critics of this alternative new age concept of wellness.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

The behaviors in the pursuit of wellness often include many health related practices, such as natural therapies .

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

Wellness, as a luxury pursuit, is found obviously in the more affluent societies because it involves managing the body state after the basic needs of food, shelter and basic medical care have already been met.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

Many of the practices applied in the pursuit of wellness, in fact, are aimed at controlling the side effects of affluence, such as obesity and inactivity.

00

Q2884

what is the concept of "wellness" ?

Wellness (alternative medicine)

Wellness grew as a popular concept starting in the 19th century, just as the middle class began emerging in the industrialized world, and a time when a newly prosperous public had the time and the resources to pursue wellness and other forms of self-improvement.

00

Q2892

what was the first mario 3D game

List of video games featuring Mario

Mario , who serves as Nintendo 's mascot, is a fictional character created by game designer Shigeru Miyamoto and voiced by Charles Martinet .

00

Q2892

what was the first mario 3D game

List of video games featuring Mario

This is a list of video games where the character Mario plays a part, either as the protagonist , antagonist , supporting character , as part of an ensemble cast , as a cameo , or in a game within a game.

00

Q2892

what was the first mario 3D game

List of video games featuring Mario

It does not include simple references to the character, such as the portraits of Mario found in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past .

00

Q2892

what was the first mario 3D game

List of video games featuring Mario

The year indicated is the year the game was first released, most commonly in Japan ; games were sometimes released years later in other regions of the world.

00

Q2892

what was the first mario 3D game

List of video games featuring Mario

The list includes ports , remakes and compilations .

00

Q2892

what was the first mario 3D game

List of video games featuring Mario

It doesn't include any Virtual Console re-releases.

00

Q2896

who is not considered an eastern doctors of the church

Doctor of the Church

St. Isidore of Seville , a 7th century Doctor of the Church, depicted by Murillo (c. 1628) with a book, common iconographical object for a doctor.

00

Q2896

who is not considered an eastern doctors of the church

Doctor of the Church

Doctor of the Church ( Latin doctor, teacher, from Latin docere, to teach) is a title given by a variety of Christian churches to individuals whom they recognize as having been of particular importance, particularly regarding their contribution to theology or doctrine.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

A thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Video demonstrating a chemical reaction.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms , with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation .

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes may both occur.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents .

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change , and they yield one or more products , which usually have properties different from the reactants.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions , and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism .

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Chemical reactions are described with chemical equations , which graphically present the starting materials, end products, and sometimes intermediate products and reaction conditions.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Chemical reactions happen at a characteristic reaction rate at a given temperature and chemical concentration, and rapid reactions are often described as spontaneous , requiring no input of extra energy other than thermal energy.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Non-spontaneous reactions run so slowly that they are considered to require the input of some type of additional energy (such as extra heat, light or electricity) in order to proceed to completion ( chemical equilibrium ) at human time scales.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

Different chemical reactions are used in combinations during chemical synthesis in order to obtain a desired product.

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

In biochemistry , a similar series of chemical reactions form metabolic pathways .

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

These reactions are often catalyzed by protein enzymes .

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

These enzymes increase the rates of biochemical reactions, so that metabolic syntheses and decompositions impossible under ordinary conditions may be performed at the temperatures and concentrations present within a cell .

00

Q2897

what is an example of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat?

Chemical reaction

The general concept of a chemical reaction has been extended to non-chemical reactions between entities smaller than atoms, including nuclear reactions , radioactive decays , and reactions between elementary particles as described by quantum field theory .

00

Q2902

what is the temperature of mammoth cave

Mammoth Cave National Park

Mammoth Cave National Park is a U.S. National Park in central Kentucky , encompassing portions of Mammoth Cave, the longest cave system known in the world .

00

Q2902

what is the temperature of mammoth cave

Mammoth Cave National Park

The official name of the system is the Mammoth-Flint Ridge Cave System for the ridge under which the cave has formed.

00

Q2902

what is the temperature of mammoth cave

Mammoth Cave National Park

The park was established as a national park on July 1, 1941.

00

Q2902

what is the temperature of mammoth cave

Mammoth Cave National Park

It became a World Heritage Site on October 27, 1981, and an international Biosphere Reserve on September 26, 1990.

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Q2902

what is the temperature of mammoth cave

Mammoth Cave National Park

The park's are located primarily in Edmonson County, Kentucky , with small areas extending eastward into Hart County and Barren County .

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Q2902

what is the temperature of mammoth cave

Mammoth Cave National Park

It is centered around the Green River , with a tributary , the Nolin River , feeding into the Green just inside the park.

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Q2902

what is the temperature of mammoth cave

Mammoth Cave National Park

With of passageways it is by far the world's longest known cave system, being well over twice as long as the second-longest cave system, South Dakota 's Jewel Cave , which has just over of known passageways.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

The moons of Saturn (also known as the natural satellites of Saturn) are numerous and diverse ranging from tiny moonlets less than 1 kilometer across to the enormous Titan which is larger than the planet Mercury .

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

Saturn has 62 moons with confirmed orbits, 53 of which have names and only 13 of which have diameters larger than 50 kilometers.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

Saturn has seven moons that are large enough to be ellipsoidal due to having planetary mass , as well as dense rings with complex orbital motions of their own.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

Particularly notable among Saturn's moons are Titan, the second- largest moon in the Solar System, with a nitrogen-rich Earth-like atmosphere and a landscape including hydrocarbon lakes and dry river networks; and Enceladus , which emits jets of gas and dust and may harbor liquid water under its south pole region.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

Twenty-four of Saturn's moons are regular satellites; they have prograde orbits not greatly inclined to Saturn's equatorial plane.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

They include the seven major satellites, four small moons which exist in a trojan orbit with larger moons, two mutually co-orbital moons and two moons which act as shepherds of Saturn's F Ring .

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

Two other known regular satellites orbit within gaps in Saturn's rings.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

The relatively large Hyperion is locked in a resonance with Titan.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

The remaining regular moons orbit near the outer edge of the A Ring , within G Ring and between the major moons Mimas and Enceladus.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

The regular satellites are traditionally named after Titans and Titanesses or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn .

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

The remaining 38, all small except one, are irregular satellites, whose orbits are much farther from Saturn, have high inclinations, and are mixed between prograde and retrograde .

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

These moons are probably captured minor planets , or debris from the breakup of such bodies after they were captured, creating collisional families .

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

The irregular satellites have been classified by their orbital characteristics into the Inuit , Norse , and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

The largest of the irregular moons is Phoebe , the ninth moon of Saturn, and was discovered at the end of the 19th century.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

The rings of Saturn are made up of objects ranging in size from microscopic to hundreds of meters, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons.

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Q2903

what is the measurements of saturn's moons

Moons of Saturn

At least 150 moonlets embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

A cannon is any piece of artillery that uses gunpowder or other usually explosive-based propellants to launch a projectile.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

Cannon vary in caliber , range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire, and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

The word cannon is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as tube, cane, or reed.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

The plural of cannon is also cannon, though more commonly in America, cannons.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen out of common usage, replaced by "guns" or "artillery" if not a more specific term such as "mortar" or "howitzer".

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

In aviation, cannon generally describes weapons firing bullets larger than 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) in diameter.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

First used in China , cannon were among the earliest forms of gunpowder artillery, and over time replaced siege engines —among other forms of aging weaponry—on the battlefield.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

In the Middle East, the first use of the hand cannon is argued to be during the 1260 Battle of Ain Jalut between the Mamluks and Mongols .

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

The first cannon in Europe were probably used in Iberia in the 11 and 12th centuries, and English cannon were first deployed in the Hundred Years' War , at the Battle of Crécy , in 1346.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

On the African continent , the cannon was first used by the Somali Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi of the Adal Sultanate in his conquest of Ethiopia in 1529.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

It was during this period, the Middle Ages , that cannon became standardized, and more effective in both the anti-infantry and siege roles.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

After the Middle Ages most large cannon were abandoned in favor of greater numbers of lighter, more maneuverable pieces.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

In addition, new technologies and tactics were developed, making most defences obsolete; this led to the construction of star forts , specifically designed to withstand artillery bombardment though these too (along with the Martello Tower ) would find themselves rendered obsolete when explosive and armour piercing rounds made even these types of fortifications vulnerable.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

Cannon also transformed naval warfare in the early modern period , as European navies took advantage of their firepower.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

As rifling became commonplace, the accuracy and destructive power of cannon was significantly increased, and they became deadlier than ever, both to infantry who belatedly had to adopt different tactics, and to ships, which had to be armoured.

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

In World War I , the majority of combat fatalities were caused by artillery; they were also used widely in World War II .

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Q2921

what is the size of the largest cannon ball

Cannon

Most modern cannon are similar to those used in the Second World War, although the importance of the larger caliber weapons has declined with the development of missiles .

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Q2924

who is the founder of twitter

Twitter

Twitter is an online social networking service and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read text-based messages of up to 140 characters , known as "tweets".

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Q2924

who is the founder of twitter

Twitter

Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey and by July, the social networking site was launched.

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Q2924

who is the founder of twitter

Twitter

The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, with over 500 million registered users as of 2012, generating over 340 million tweets daily and handling over 1.6 billion search queries per day.

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Q2924

who is the founder of twitter

Twitter

Since its launch, Twitter has become one of the ten most visited websites on the Internet, and has been described as "the SMS of the Internet ."

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Q2924

who is the founder of twitter

Twitter

Unregistered users can read tweets, while registered users can post tweets through the website interface, SMS, or a range of apps for mobile devices.

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Q2924

who is the founder of twitter

Twitter

Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco , with additional servers and offices in New York City , Boston , and San Antonio .

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

The OpenID logo

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

OpenID is an open standard that allows users to be authenticated by certain co-operating sites (known as Relying Parties or RP) using a third party service, eliminating the need for webmasters to provide their own ad hoc systems and allowing users to consolidate their digital identities .

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

Users may create accounts with their preferred OpenID identity providers , and then use those accounts as the basis for signing on to any website which accepts OpenID authentication.

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

The OpenID standard provides a framework for the communication that must take place between the identity provider and the OpenID acceptor (the "relying party").

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

An extension to the standard (the OpenID Attribute Exchange) facilitates the transfer of user attributes, such as name and gender, from the OpenID identity provider to the relying party (each relying party may request a different set of attributes, depending on its requirements).

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

The OpenID protocol does not rely on a central authority to authenticate a user's identity.

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

Moreover, neither services nor the OpenID standard may mandate a specific means by which to authenticate users, allowing for approaches ranging from the common (such as passwords) to the novel (such as smart cards or biometrics ).

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

The term OpenID may also refer to an identifier as specified in the OpenID standard; these identifiers take the form of a unique URI , and are managed by some 'OpenID provider' that handles authentication.

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Q2931

what is google openid

OpenID

OpenID authentication is now used and provided by several large websites.

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