【蒂奥得螺属】
蒂奥得螺属（学名：Theodoxus）是腹足纲蜑螺科软体动物的一个属，体型细小，有螺厣，栖息于淡水或半咸水环境中。
== 分布 ==
本属物种分布于欧洲及北非，并往东延伸至伊朗南部。除本属以外，蜑螺科并没有其他属与本属具同域分布。这在蜑螺科相当例外，因为其他蜑螺科物种只分布于南半球的热带。本属物种均为蜑螺科仅有栖息于温带的物种。
== 形态描述 ==
本属物种的螺壳呈半卵形，具有平坦的壳口。没有螺脐。螺柱及内螺层溶解。
蒂奥得螺属物种间的差异，无论是大小、外壳膜上的颜色与花纹变化、螺厣及齿舌的细节都有很大差异，这使得本属物种的辨认比较困难。
== 生态 ==
These animals live on stones, and often also under stones, in up to 5–6 m depth or deeper, feeding on algal covers. Theodoxus  needs rough surfaces in order to be able to digest its food, so a stony 基质 (生物生活环境) is necessary. Green algae date=February 2021 are not consumed; Theodoxus  has no 纤维素酶s. These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other Theodoxus  animals; only one juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.
== 物种 ==
截至2007年，还未有对蒂奥得螺属作系统评价的研究。Bunje (2004) 的研究指出本属至少有34个现害种；而在2015年度的国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录列出了本属包括有至少23个物种。
本属包括下列各物种：
Subgenus Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912
* † Theodoxus petasatus (Seninski, 1905)
Subgenus Calvertia Bourguignat, 1880
* † Theodoxus acuticarinatus (Fuchs, 1870)
* † Theodoxus amblygonioides Wenz, 1930
* † Theodoxus amethystinus (Brusina, 1874)
* † Theodoxus anconae (Capellini, 1880)
* † Theodoxus angularis Gozhik, 2002
* † Theodoxus anonymus Anistratenko & Gozhik, 1995
* † Theodoxus atticus Kühn, 1963
* † Theodoxus barakovici (Brusina, 1902)
* † Theodoxus bessarabicus (Sinzov, 1896)
* † Theodoxus brusinai (Pavlović, 1931)
* † Theodoxus capellinii (Pantanelli, 1876)
* † Theodoxus capillaceus (Brusina, 1874)
* † Theodoxus crescens (Fuchs, 1870)
* † Theodoxus doderleini (d'Ancona, 1869)
* † Theodoxus dumortieri (Fontannes, 1878)
* † Theodoxus fasciatus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
* † Theodoxus gnezdai (Brusina, 1884)
* † Theodoxus grateloupianus (Férussac, 1823)
* † Theodoxus hoernesanus (Semper, 1867)
* † Theodoxus ingulenzis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
* † Theodoxus kalodictya (Andrusov, 1909)
* † Theodoxus koslinskyi (Porumbaru, 1881)
* † Theodoxus lamellatus (Brusina, 1892)
* † Theodoxus lineatus (Sinzov, 1896)
* † Theodoxus lorkovici (Brusina, 1878)
* † Theodoxus macedonicus Wenz, 1943
* † Theodoxus maculosus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
* † Theodoxus mayeri (Semper, 1867)
* † Theodoxus militaris (Neumayr, 1869)
* † Theodoxus miljkovici (Brusina, 1902)
* † Theodoxus millepunctatus (Brusina, 1902)
* † Theodoxus moeschi Locard, 1893
* † Theodoxus morulus Kühn, 1963
* † Theodoxus mutinensis (d'Ancona, 1869)
* † Theodoxus neumayri (Burgerstein, 1877)
* † Theodoxus nitens Gozhik, 2002
* † Theodoxus nivosus (Brusina, 1874)
* † Theodoxus novorossicus (Sinzov, 1896)
* † Theodoxus obtusangulaeformis Gozhik, 2002
* † Theodoxus oxytropida (Andrusov, 1909)
* † Theodoxus pavlovici Milošević, 1983
* † Theodoxus philippianus Locard, 1883
* † Theodoxus pilari (Brusina, 1884)
* † Theodoxus platystoma (Brusina, 1874)
* † Theodoxus pseudodanubialis (Sinzov, 1896)
* † Theodoxus pseudofluviatilis Locard, 1893
* † Theodoxus pseudograteloupanus (Sinzov, 1884)
* † Theodoxus radmanesti (Fuchs, 1870)
* † Theodoxus radovanovici (Brusina, 1893)
* † Theodoxus reiseri (Brusina, 1902)
* † Theodoxus rugosus (Pavlović, 1931)
* † Theodoxus sagittiferus (Brusina, 1874)
* † Theodoxus schachmaticus (Andrusov, 1909)
* † Theodoxus scoliogramma (Brusina, 1884)
* † Theodoxus semidentatus (Sandberger, 1875)
* † Theodoxus serrulatus (Brusina, 1892)
* † Theodoxus slavonicus (Brusina, 1878)
* † Theodoxus sophievkaensis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
* † Theodoxus stanae (Brusina, 1893)
* † Theodoxus stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
* † Theodoxus stefanescuiformis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
* † Theodoxus subquadrofasciatus Gozhik, 2002
* † Theodoxus subslavonicus Gozhik, 2002
* † Theodoxus sundicus (Andrusov, 1909)
* † Theodoxus suskalovici (Pavlović, 1903)
* † Theodoxus sycophantus (Brusina, 1878)
* † Theodoxus tropidophorus (Brusina, 1884)
* † Theodoxus turbinatus (Fuchs, 1870)
* † Theodoxus veljetinensis (Pavlović, 1903)
* † Theodoxus venustus (Brusina, 1897)
* † Theodoxus xanthozona (Brusina, 1884)
* † Theodoxus zagradovkaensis Gozhik, 2002
* † Theodoxus zivkovici (Pavlović, 1903)
Subgenus Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912
* † Theodoxus unguiculatus (Seninski, 1905)
Subgenus Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930
* † Theodoxus colchicus (Andrusov, 1912)
Subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855
* Theodoxus anatolicus (Récluz, 1841)
* † Theodoxus groyanus (Férussac, 1823)
* Theodoxus jordani (Sowerby)
* † Theodoxus micans (Gaudry & Fischer in Gaudry, 1867)
* Theodoxus niloticus (Reeve, 1856) - synonym: Theodoxus africanus (Reeve, 1856)
* † Theodoxus subdoricus Schütt, 1976
* Theodoxus subterrelictus Schütt, 1963
* Theodoxus peloponensis (Récluz, 1841)
* Theodoxus varius (Menke, 1828)
Subgenus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810
* Theodoxus altenai Schütt, 1965
* Theodoxus baeticus (Lamarck, 1822)
* † Theodoxus becenensis (Cobălcescu, 1883)
* † Theodoxus brenneri (Handmann, 1882)
* † Theodoxus carasiensis Jekelius, 1944
* † Theodoxus constantiae Stefanescu, 1896
* † Theodoxus culceri (Porumbaru, 1881)
* † Theodoxus cyrtocelis (Krauss, 1852)
* Theodoxus danubialis 	(Pfeiffer, 1828)
* † Theodoxus denisluensis (Oppenheim, 1919)
* † Theodoxus deperditus (Almera, 1894)
* † Theodoxus elongatulus (Philippi, 1844)
* † Theodoxus eugenii Jekelius, 1944
* Theodoxus euxinus (Clessin, 1886)
* Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) - 模式种. synonyms: Theodoxus brauneri (Lindholm, 1908) (but as separate species per); Theodoxus brauneri f. lacrymans Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus brauneri f.  alboguttata Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus brauneri f. pulherrima Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810. Bunje (2005) does not consider Theodoxus velox Anistratenko, 1999 to be a distinct species from Theodoxus fluviatilis.
* † Theodoxus gregarius (Thomä, 1845)
* Theodoxus heldreichi (Martens, 1879)
* † Theodoxus hisingeri (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841)
* Theodoxus hispalensis (Martens, 1879)
* † Theodoxus jekeliusi Jurišić-Polšak, 1979
* † Theodoxus leobersdorfensis (Handmann, 1887)
* Theodoxus meridionalis (Philippi, 1836)
* † Theodoxus milessii Papp, 1979
* † Theodoxus moosbrunnensis Papp, 1953
* † Theodoxus morellii (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841)
* Theodoxus pallasi Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Theodoxus lituratus (Eichwald, 1838)
* † Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouër, 1879)
* Theodoxus prevostianus (Pfeiffer, 1828)
* † Theodoxus punctatolineatus (Sinzov, 1896)
* Theodoxus saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1852)
* † Theodoxus scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880)
* † Theodoxus semiplicatus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
* † Theodoxus simplex (Fuchs, 1877)
* † Theodoxus subglobosus (Eichwald, 1853)
* Theodoxus subthermalis (Bourguignat in Issel, 1865) or Theodoxus fluviatilis subthermalis Issel, 1865
* Theodoxus transversalis (Pfeiffer, 1828)
* † Theodoxus trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839)
* † Theodoxus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944
* Theodoxus valentinus (Graells, 1846)
* † Theodoxus zografi (Brusina, 1902)
Subgenus ?
* † Theodoxus abnormis (Jenkins, 1864)
* † Theodoxus almelae (Revilla, 1958)
* Theodoxus astrachanicus Starobogatov, 1994
* † Theodoxus banaticus Jekelius, 1944
* † Theodoxus bohotinensis (Simionescu & Barbu, 1940)
* † Theodoxus bolivari (Royo Gómez, 1922)
* † Theodoxus bukowskii (Oppenheim, 1919)
* Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828)
* Theodoxus coronatus (Leach, 1815)
* † Theodoxus crenulatus (Klein, 1853)
* † Theodoxus cunici (Brusina, 1892)
* Theodoxus danasteri (Lindholm, 1908)
*  † Theodoxus doricus (Neumayr, 1880)
* Theodoxus euxinus (Clessin, 1886)
* Theodoxus gloeri Odabaşi & Arslan, 2015
* Theodoxus gurur Sands & Glöer, 2020
* † Theodoxus hellenicus (Bukowski, 1896)
* † Theodoxus imbricatus (Brusina, 1878)
* † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944
* Theodoxus karasunadate=April 2011
*  † Theodoxus licherdopoli (Stefanescu, 1896)
* Theodoxus luteofasciatus (Miller, 1879)
* Theodoxus macri (Sowerby, 1849)reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content
* Theodoxus maresi (Bourguignat, 1864)
* Theodoxus marteli (Pallary, 1920)
* Theodoxus milachevitchi Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966
* Theodoxus mutinensisdate=April 2011
* Theodoxus numidicus (Récluz, 1841)
* Theodoxus olivaceusdate=April 2011
* Theodoxus pallasi Lindholm, 1924
*  Theodoxus pallidus Dunker, 1861
* † Theodoxus pappi Sauerzopf, 1952
* † Theodoxus paradisii (Magrograssi, 1928)
* † Theodoxus patrae Esu & Girotti, 2015
* † Theodoxus percarinatus (Oppenheim, 1919)
* Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouêr, 1879)
* † Theodoxus politioanei Jekelius, 1944
* † Theodoxus politus Jekelius, 1944
* Theodoxus poppei Ahuir, 2020
* † Theodoxus postcrenulatus Papp, 1953
* † Theodoxus prozlatarici Jekelius, 1944
* † Theodoxus pseudodacicus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014 †
* † Theodoxus quadrifasciatus (Bielz, 1864) †
Theodoxus reticularis Sowerby, 1838 IT IS A SYNONYM OF Clithon reticularis http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/166739/0 -->
* † Theodoxus reticulatus Pană, 1990
Theodoxus retropictus UNREFERENCED - see probably Clithon retropictum -->
* † Theodoxus rhodiensis (Tournouër in Fischer, 1877)
* Theodoxus sarmaticus (Lindholm, 1901)
* Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877)
* † Theodoxus scriptus (Stefanescu, 1896)
* † Theodoxus serratiliniformis Geyer, 1914
* † Theodoxus sinjanus (Brusina, 1876)
* † Theodoxus soceni Jekelius, 1944
* † Theodoxus sphaeroidalis (Revilla, 1958)
* † Theodoxus spratti (Jenkins, 1864)
* † Theodoxus stoicai Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
* Theodoxus subthermalis Bourguignat in Issel, 1865
* † Theodoxus susuzianus Harzhauser, Neubauer & Hoşgör, 2018
* † Theodoxus timisensis Jekelius, 1944
* † Theodoxus trilophosensis Rust, 1997
* Theodoxus velascoi (Graëlls, 1846)
* Theodoxus velox V. Anistratenko in O. Anistratenko, Starobogatov & V. Anistratenko, 1999
* Theodoxus vespertinus (Sowerby II, 1849)
* Theodoxus wesselinghi Sands & Glöer, 2020
* Theodoxus wilkei Sands & Glöer, 2020
* † Theodoxus zlatarici Brusina, 1902)
Synonyms:
* † Theodoxus burdigalensis (d'Orbigny, 1852) : synonym of †  Theodoxus (Theodoxus) trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839)
* Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828) and Theodoxus cariosa are synonyms of Neritina cariosa (Wood, 1828)
* † Theodoxus dacicus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) leobersdorfensis dacicus Jekelius, 1944
* Theodoxus doriae Issel, 1865: synonym of  Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874) is a synonym of Neritina euphratica Mousson, 1874
* † Theodoxus intracarpatica Jekelius, 1944 : synonym of  † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944
* Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
* † Theodoxus mariae (Handmann, 1887): synonym of † Neritina mariae Handmann, 1887
* † Theodoxus martensi (Brusina, 1884): synonym of † Ninnia martensi (Brusina, 1884)
* Theodoxus neglectus is a synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)
* † Theodoxus oslavanensis Rzehak, 1893: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) cyrtocelis austriacus (Rzehak, 1893)
* Theodoxus oualaniense (Lesson, 1831): synonym of  Checked: verified by a taxonomic editorClithon oualaniense (Lesson, 1831)
* † Theodoxus perlongus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi perlongus Jekelius, 1944
* † Theodoxus petralbensis Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi petralbensis Jekelius, 1944
* † Theodoxus pictus (Férussac, 1823): synonym of † Agapilia picta (Férussac, 1823)
* Theodoxus reclivatus Say, 1822: synonym of  Neritina usnea (Röding, 1798)
* † Theodoxus rumanus (Stefanescu, 1896): synonym of † Theodoxus (Calvertia) stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
* † Theodoxus scamandri (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880):  synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880)
* Theodoxus vespertinus : synonym of Neritina vespertinus (Sowerby, 1849)
* † Theodoxus vetranici (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Neritina vetranici (Brusina, 1902)
* Theodoxus virginea (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Neritina virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)
* † Theodoxus (Vittoclithon) pictus bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839): synonym of † Agapilia picta bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839)
== 参考文献 ==
本条目包含源自公有领域的内容：
* Eichhorst T.E. (2016). Neritidae of the world. Volume 2. Harxheim: Conchbooks. Pp. 696-1366
== 外部连结 ==
* cite journal |last=Bandel |first=K. |year=2001 |title=The history of Theodoxus  and Neritina connected with description and systematic evaluation of related Neritimorpha (Gastropoda) |journal=Mittelungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut Universitat Hamburg |volume=85 |pages=65-164 |url=http://www.uni-hamburg.de/geol_pal/mangrove_print.html |language=en |access-date=2022-10-21 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726131013/http://www.uni-hamburg.de/geol_pal/mangrove_print.html |dead-url=unfit