【SoFi体育场】
SoFi体育场（SoFi Stadium）是一个位于美国加利福尼亚州英格尔伍德的露天体育场和综合娱乐区。体育场坐落于好莱坞公园马场（Hollywood Park Racetrack）的原址部份地方，距离洛杉矶国际机场约mi，在论坛体育馆的南边。
体育场在2020年9月启用，成为国家美式足球联盟洛杉矶公羊和洛杉矶电光的主场。第五十六届超级杯于2022年2月于此举行。2028年夏季奥林匹克运动会期间，开闭幕典礼和足球赛事将于此举行，射箭赛事于体育场外举行。
该场馆将举办2026年世界杯足球赛部分比赛。
== 设计 ==
西北侧入口，进入SoFi体育场和YouTube剧场之间的美国航空广场
东侧入口SoFi体育场综合体由HKS设计，包括体育场、一个步行广场和一个剧场。体育场上方有一个有着独立支撑物的透明顶棚，可以完全覆盖该建筑综合体。这个顶棚面积高达数百万平方英尺，由302个ETFE面板，其中46个可以被控制展开以提供通风。
SoFi Stadium was designed by HKS and consists of the stadium itself, a pedestrian plaza, and a performance venue. Above the stadium is an independently supported translucent canopy which covers the stadium proper, the adjacent pedestrian plaza, and the attached performance venue. The million-square-foot canopy is made up of 302 ETFE panels, 46 of which can be opened to provide ventilation, supported by a cable net. The canopy has 27,000 embedded LED pucks, which can project images and video that can also be seen from airplanes flying into Los Angeles International Airport. The stadium bowl has open sides and seats 70,240 spectators for most events, with the ability to expand by 30,000 seats for larger events. Despite the roof, the open sides of the stadium still make it vulnerable to lightning delays, with the first such delay in an NFL game between the Chargers and the Las Vegas Raiders on October 4, 2021. The attached music and theatre venue, known as the YouTube Theater, has a capacity of 6,000 seats. The stadium and performance center are considered to be separate facilities under one roof.
Another component of the stadium's design is the Infinity Screen by Samsung, an ovular, double-sided 4K HDR video board, the first of its kind, that is suspended from the roof over the field. Formerly known as "the Oculus" before a name change, the structure weighs abbr= and displays 80 million pixels. The Infinity Screen also houses the stadium's 260-speaker audio system, as well as 56 5G wireless antennas.
=== 奖项 ===
Sofi体育场获得了一系列的工程奖项，包括
* StadiumDB年度体育馆奖项
* 美国土木工程师协会的2021年杰出建筑工程奖
* West Basin市政水务颁发的杰出行动奖
== 历史 ==
=== 地点选定 ===
The stadium site was previously home to Hollywood Park, later sold and referred to as Betfair Hollywood Park, which was a thoroughbred race course from 1938 until it was shut down for racing and training in December 2013. Most of the complex was demolished in 2014 to make way for new construction with the rest demolished in late 2016 after the Hollywood Park Casino, which remained open after the track itself closed, moved to a new building. The current stadium was not the first stadium proposed for the site. The site was almost home to an NFL stadium two decades earlier. In May 1995, after the departure of the Rams for St. Louis, the National Football League team owners approved, by a 27–1 vote with two abstentions, a resolution supporting a plan to build a $200 million, privately funded stadium on property owned by Hollywood Park for the Los Angeles Raiders. Al Davis, who was then the Raiders owner, balked and refused the deal over a stipulation that he would have had to accept a second team at the stadium.
On January 31, 2014, the Los Angeles Times reported that Stan Kroenke, owner of the St. Louis Rams, purchased a adj=on parcel of land just north of the Hollywood Park site in the area that had been studied by the National Football League in the past for the 1995 Raiders proposal and that the league at one point attempted to purchase. This set off immediate speculation as to what Kroenke's intentions were for the site: After the site's former Hollywood Park owners gave up on getting an NFL stadium for the site in the mid-2000s it was sold and planned to be a Walmart Supercenter; however, in 2014, most of the speculation centered on the site as a possible stadium site or training facility for the Rams. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell represented that Kroenke informed the league of the purchase. As an NFL owner, any purchase of land in which a potential stadium could be built must be disclosed to the league. Speculation about the Rams' returning to their home of nearly fifty years had already been discussed when Kroenke was one of the finalists in bidding for ownership in the Los Angeles Dodgers, but speculation increased when the news broke that the Rams owner had a possible stadium site in hand.
2015 aerial view of former racetrack and complex site, with the Downtown Los Angeles skyline in background
Nearly a year went by without a word from Kroenke about his intentions for the land, as he failed to ever address the St. Louis media, or the Hollywood Park Land Company, about what the site may be used for. There was, however, speculation about the future of the Rams franchise until it was reported that the National Football League would not be allowing any franchise relocation for the 2015 season.
On January 5, 2015, Stockbridge Capital Group, the owners of the Hollywood Park Land Company, announced that it had partnered with Kroenke Sports & Entertainment to add the northern adj=on parcel to the rest of the development project and build a multi-purpose 70,240-seat stadium designed for the NFL. The project would include the stadium and a performance arts venue attached to the stadium with up to 6,000 seats. The previously approved Hollywood Park development was reconfigured to fit the stadium, and included plans for up to sqft of retail, sqft of office space, 2,500 new residential units, a luxury hotel with over 300 rooms, acre of public parks, playgrounds, open space, a lake, and pedestrian, bicycle, and mass-transit access for future services. On February 24, 2015, the Inglewood City Council approved plans with a 5–0 unanimous vote to combine the adj=on plot of land with the larger Hollywood Park development and rezone the area to include sports and entertainment capabilities. This essentially cleared the way for developers to begin construction on the venue as planned in December 2015.
It was reported in early February 2015 that "earth was being moved" and the site was being graded in preparation for the construction that would begin later in the year.
The project was competing directly with a rival proposal. On February 19, 2015, the Oakland Raiders and the San Diego Chargers announced plans for a privately financed $1.85 billion stadium that the two teams would have built in Carson if they were to move to the Los Angeles market. The project was, like the Inglewood project, also approved to move forward and cleared for development. The two projects spent the remainder of 2015 jockeying for the right to get approved by the NFL.
=== 建设 ===
The Forum. The new Hollywood Park Casino is in the foreground.
The NFL approved the Inglewood proposal and the Rams' relocation back to Los Angeles, 30–2, on January 12, 2016, over the rival proposal. On July 14, 2016, it was announced that Turner Construction and AECOM Hunt would oversee construction of the stadium and that the architectural firm HKS, Inc. would design the stadium. On October 19, 2016, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) determined that a adj=on tall LB 44 rotary drill rig would not pose a hazard to air navigation, so it approved the first of several pieces of heavy equipment to be used during construction. The stadium design had been under review by the FAA for more than a year because of concerns about how the structure would interact with radar at nearby Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). On December 16, 2016, it was reported in Sports Business Journal that the FAA had declined to issue permits for cranes needed to build the structure. "We’re not going to evaluate any crane applications until our concerns with the overall project are resolved," said FAA spokesman Ian Gregor. The FAA had previously recommended building the stadium at another site because of the risks posed to LAX—echoing concerns raised by former United States Secretary of Homeland Security Tom Ridge. The Rams held the groundbreaking construction ceremony at the stadium site on November 17, 2016. The ceremony featured NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell and Rams' owner Stan Kroenke. On December 23, 2016, the FAA approved the large construction cranes to build the stadium.
On May 18, 2017, developers announced that record rainfall in the area had postponed the stadium's completion and opening from 2019 until the 2020 NFL season. On August 8, 2017, the LA Stadium Premiere Center opened in Playa Vista, featuring interactive multimedia displays and models showcasing the design and features of the new stadium (with a particular focus on prospective buyers of premium suites and seats at the facility).
In March 2018, the NFL announced that it would relocate its NFL Media unit (which manages the NFL's in-house media units, including NFL Network, digital properties, and NFL Films among other units) from Culver City to a new adj=on facility neighboring the stadium in the Hollywood Park development including a studio capable of hosting audiences, as well as an outdoor studio. The new facility was completed in 2021. On June 26, 2018, the new stadium was ceremonially topped out.
As of August 2019, one year before the planned opening, Rams chief operating officer Kevin Demoff stated that the stadium was 75 percent complete.
The almost-completed stadium in July 2020
In January 2020, Demoff announced that construction was 85 percent complete, with roof and oculus work, as well as seat installation, still in progress. In February 2020, a large crane collapsed—no one was injured. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home orders issued by the California state government in March 2020, construction (exempted as a critical infrastructure project) continued with social distancing and heightened health and safety standards. Demoff acknowledged that there was a possibility that its completion could be delayed, explaining that it was "not the time you want to be finishing a stadium, in this environment as you prepare", but that "our stadium, and I believe the Raiders' stadium as well, will both be amazing when they are finished and when they will begin play, which will certainly happen in the near future, whether that's in July, August, September, in 2021". Five construction workers were reported to have tested positive, including an ironworker who had worked in an assembly area away from the structure, and a backfill operator who had worked in an "isolated area outside the building" and had not entered it. On June 5, 2020, construction on the facility was temporarily halted after an ironworker fell to his death through a hole in the roof created by the removal of a panel for maintenance. On June 9, 2020, construction on the facility resumed everywhere but the roof.
=== 取消或延期开幕暨第一场活动 ===
Interior of SoFi Stadium in November 2021
SoFi Stadium during the day in March 2021
The entirety of the NFL preseason was also cancelled; the Rams held their first practice at the stadium on August 22, 2020. On August 25, the Chargers and Rams announced that all games at the stadium would be held behind closed doors "until further notice". An official ribbon-cutting ceremony was hosted on September 8, ahead of its first NFL event on September 13—featuring the Rams hosting the Dallas Cowboys in the first Sunday-night game of the season. The first athletic contest with spectators present occurred on May 15, 2021, with LA Giltinis defeating Utah Warriors, 38–27, in a Major League Rugby match before 4,880 spectators. The Los Angeles Rams hosted the Chicago Bears for the first NFL regular-season game at the stadium with fans in attendance on September 12.
All of the originally announced summer concerts at the venue were cancelled or postponed by the pandemic, including a two-night stop on Taylor Swift's Lover Fest tour on July 25 and 26, 2020 (originally announced as the stadium's grand opening and later cancelled), and tours by Guns N' Roses (2020 Tour), Kenny Chesney (Chillaxification Tour), Tim McGraw (Here on Earth Tour), Mötley Crüe, and Def Leppard (The Stadium Tour).
On May 2, 2021, the stadium hosted its first major event with spectators present, the filming of the Global Citizen-organized concert special Vax Live: The Concert to Reunite the World, hosted by Selena Gomez and featuring Jennifer Lopez, Eddie Vedder, the Foo Fighters, H.E.R., J Balvin and the Duke of Sussex, which aimed to promote COVID-19 vaccination.
After COVID-19 restrictions were eased, SoFi Stadium hosted its first in-person concert event by American DJ Kaskade on July 17. Mexican regional music group Los Bukis kicked off their reunion tour on August 27 and 28, filling the stadium to capacity.
The Rolling Stones held two concerts on October 14 and 17. South Korean band BTS held a series of four concerts, titled Permission to Dance on Stage—LA, at the stadium on November 27–28 and December 1–2.
== 命名 ==
2019年9月15日，个人金融公司SoFi以每年3000万美元的价格购得新体育场20年的冠名权，命名为SoFi体育场（SoFi Stadium）。
In May 2019, the personal finance company SoFi Technologies, Inc. (the parent company of Social Finance, Inc) closed $500 million in a single funding round led by Qatar Investment Authority. On September 15, 2019, it was announced that  SoFi had acquired the naming rights to the new stadium under a 20-year deal valued at over $30 million per-year, a record for any naming rights for a sports venue. The company became an official partner of both the Rams and the Chargers, as well as a partner of the performance venue and surrounding entertainment district.
The covered open space formerly known as Champions Plaza between the playing field and the performance venue within the stadium was officially named American Airlines Plaza. The airline was named the first founding partner on August 6, 2019.
The performance venue was officially named YouTube Theater on June 28, 2021.
== 资金 ==
The stadium was built privately, but as of 2015, the developer was seeking significant tax breaks from Inglewood.reason=Article cited is from 2015
At the commencement of construction, the cost of the stadium was estimated at $2.66 billion. But internal league documents, produced by the NFL in March 2018, indicated a need to raise the debt ceiling for the stadium and facility to a total of $4.963 billion, making it the most expensive sports venue ever built. Team owners voted to approve this new debt ceiling at a meeting that same month. In May 2020, another $500 million in loans was approved by the NFL and the owners.
== 队伍 ==
The St. Louis Rams were first to commit to moving to the stadium, as NFL approval for their relocation to Los Angeles was obtained on January 12, 2016. The approval, as part of a concession made by Kroenke to get the stadium project and Rams relocation approved, also gave the San Diego Chargers the first option to relocate to Los Angeles and share the stadium with the Rams, conditioned on a negotiated lease agreement between the two teams. The option would have expired on January 15, 2017, at which time the Oakland Raiders would have acquired the same option. The Raiders eventually relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada, after having played a combined 47 years in Oakland (first from 1960 to 1981, and then again from 1995 to 2019).
On January 29, 2016, the Chargers and Rams came to an agreement in principle to share the stadium. Both teams would contribute a $200 million stadium loan from the NFL and personal seat license fees to the construction costs and would pay $1 per year in rent to the facility's controlling entity, StadCo LA, LLC. The same day, Chargers chairman and CEO Dean Spanos announced the team would remain in San Diego for the 2016 NFL season, while continuing to work with local government on a new stadium. Measure C (the Chargers stadium proposal) did not receive the requisite number of votes required for passage.
On January 12, 2017, the Chargers exercised their option and announced plans to relocate to Los Angeles for the 2017 season, making the Chargers the second tenant at the stadium and returning them to the market where they played their inaugural season in 1960.
The Chargers and Rams’ move into the stadium marked the return of major professional sports to Inglewood for the first time since the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Kings left The Forum for Staples Center in Downtown Los Angeles in May 1999.
SoFi Stadium is the first venue in the long 1936-year history of the Rams to be specifically designed for the team. In their years in Cleveland, the team had multiple stadium shares with high school teams and the baseball Indians, while the Los Angeles Coliseum was built two decades before the arrival of the team, and baseball's Anaheim Stadium had to be converted to also host football. Finally, The Dome at America's Center in St. Louis was built on speculation to host an NFL franchise, and not specifically to take in the Rams.
Major League Rugby team LA Giltinis played the first rugby match in the stadium on May 15, 2021.
== 主要活动 ==
=== NFL ===
==== 第五十六届超级杯 ====
Pre-game warmups before Super Bowl LVI
SoFi Stadium hosted Super Bowl LVI on February 13, 2022, marking the first Super Bowl to be played in the Los Angeles area since Super Bowl XXVII in 1993. The stadium was originally awarded Super Bowl LV (2021) at an NFL owners' meeting in May 2016; in May 2017, because the stadium's opening was delayed to 2020, the NFL chose to re-award Super Bowl LV to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa (which was the remaining city in a pool of four used to determine the hosts of Super Bowl LIII through LV), and award LVI to Los Angeles instead. Because issues may need to be addressed in an inaugural season, the NFL does not allow a stadium to host the Super Bowl during its first season of operation.
In 2022, SoFi Stadium became the first stadium to host a conference championship game and the Super Bowl in the same year. With the Rams winning the 2021 NFC Championship Game, they became only the second team to play a Super Bowl in their home stadium, although the Rams were the away team, since the AFC (Cincinnati Bengals) was the designated home team. With the Rams' victory in Super Bowl LVI, the stadium also became the second stadium to see their main tenant win the Super Bowl.
=== 大学橄榄球 ===
==== 大学橄榄球季后赛全国冠军 ====
On November 1, 2017, it was announced that the stadium will host the 2023 College Football Playoff National Championship. The winners of the Peach and Fiesta Bowls in 2023 will play on January 9, 2023.
==== LA Bowl ====
The Mountain West and Pac-12 conferences play a bowl game at SoFi Stadium known as the LA Bowl (officially known as the Jimmy Kimmel LA Bowl presented by Stifel). The conference tie-ins for the game moved from the Las Vegas Bowl. The inaugural edition of the game in 2021 featured Utah State defeating Oregon State 24–13.
=== 足球 ===
==== 2026年国际足总世界杯 ====
A local bid for Los Angeles in the 2026 FIFA World Cup was organized by private businesses led by AEG with assistance from the Los Angeles Sports and Entertainment District Commission (SoFi Stadium), LAFC, the LA Galaxy, and Rose Bowl Stadium. The Los Angeles City Council approved the bid after private businesses showed support and offered to pay hosting costs. The SoFi Stadium was not selected as a bidding venue in the winning Canada–Mexico–United States bid because the organizing committee left unbuilt venues out of its final evaluations. The United Bid committee stated they would re-evaluate the stadium selection process and re-visit SoFi Stadium as their main option stadium in the Los Angeles Metro area in mid-2021. The American bid to host the World Cup was awarded by FIFA on June 13, 2018.
=== 2028年夏季奥运会 ===
SoFi Stadium (which, per prior precedent, will be renamed for the duration of the Games according to sponsorship rules) will host the opening and closing ceremonies of 2028 Summer Olympics and Paralympics (with organizers proposing a split format for the Olympics that would also incorporate the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum). The stadium will also host archery and soccer (football) matches.
=== 摔角狂热 ===
In February 2020, WWE announced that SoFi Stadium would host WrestleMania 37—the 2021 edition of its flagship professional wrestling pay-per-view—on March 28, 2021. The Los Angeles Times had previously reported in April 2019 that SoFi Stadium was a "front-runner" to host a future edition of the event. As WrestleMania 36 in 2020 was not held as an in-person event at Raymond James Stadium due to COVID-19, WWE announced on January 16, 2021, that Inglewood's hosting of the event would be deferred to WrestleMania 39 on April 2, 2023, in favor of hosting WrestleMania 37 in Tampa instead. WrestleMania 39 will mark the sixth time that WrestleMania has been held in the Greater Los Angeles area, having last hosted it in 2005 at Staples Center.
=== 演唱会 ===
== 好莱坞公园 ==
The stadium is located in Hollywood Park, an entertainment complex and master-planned neighborhood named after the former horse racing track that sat on the site. Hollywood Park consists of over sqm that will be used for office space and condominiums, a 12-screen Cinepolis movie theater, ballrooms, outdoor spaces for community programming, retail, a fitness center, a luxury hotel, a brewery, up-scale restaurants and an open-air shopping and entertainment complex. Immediately adjacent to the stadium is Rivers Lake with a waterfall and fountain. The first establishment to open in Hollywood Park was the new Hollywood Park Casino, which opened on October 21, 2016.
=== 洛杉矶足联 ===
Hollywood Park is the home of NFL Los Angeles, the league's West Coast headquarters. Previously based in Culver City, a adj=on building next to the stadium houses office operations for hundreds of NFL Media employees that work for NFL RedZone, NFL.com and the NFL app. The building is also the home of NFL Network and many other department's supporting the league's media and business operations. In addition to office and studio space of which there are five soundstages, the facility features NFL Media's first outdoor studio and space to host studio audiences. The NFL Los Angeles campus opened on September 8, 2021.
=== YouTube电影院 ===
Attached to the southeast corner of the stadium canopy is the YouTube Theater which seats 6,000.
The first event scheduled was a concert by Mexican rock band Caifanes in September 2021.
== 交通资讯 ==
=== 大众运输 ===
The stadium will be accessible through Metro Rail via the K Line at Downtown Inglewood station which is set to open in late 2022.  It is also accessible through Metro Rail's C Line (formerly the Green Line), via local bus transfers from the nearby Crenshaw and Hawthorne/Lennox stations.
Beginning with the 2021 NFL season, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) began operating a game-day only free shuttle service from the Hawthorne/Lennox station to SoFi Stadium, operating every five to eight minutes starting three hours prior to kickoff time, and continuing until ninety minutes after the game's conclusion.  A second game-day shuttle line, this one operated by the city of Gardena's GTrans municipal bus service (Line 7X), originates from the Harbor Gateway Transit Center in Gardena, traveling to SoFi, with connections to the C Line's Harbor Freeway (I-105/110 and Figueroa Street), Crenshaw and Hawthorne/Lennox stations.
In 2018, the city of Inglewood and Los Angeles Metro began talks to build an mi automated people mover line that will connect the Downtown Inglewood K Line station with SoFi Stadium, as well as the Forum and the planned Los Angeles Clippers basketball arena, just south of the Hollywood Park site. The Inglewood Transit Connector will be operated by the city, in conjunction with Metro, and is planned to open in 2027.
== 流行文化 ==
* On September 9, 2020, the stadium's construction was the subject of a two-hour special called NFL Super Stadiums on Science Channel.
*In December 2021, the stadium was used as the venue for the Influencer Games, a YouTube Originals miniseries hosted by MrBeast (real name Jimmy Donaldson). The first video showed Jimmy put famous YouTubers and TikTokers against each other in a series of mini-games in various parts of the stadium complex, including in YouTube Theater. After that, the second video showed the remaining contestants play a game of hide and seek around the entire complex.
*During the first LA Bowl at the stadium, YouTuber Mark Rober teamed up with a local 12 year old named Anthony Hartman to build the world's largest t-shirt cannon per request of Jimmy Kimmel, with all three launching it during the halftime show.
*In February 2022, Dude Perfect, along with Mark Rober, hosted the 33rd episode of Overtime, a series by Dude Perfect at the stadium.