【露螽亚科】
露螽亚科（学名：Phaneropterinae）是螽斯科的直翅目昆虫之下一个亚科，包括85个属、接近2060个物种，遍布全世界。
本亚科的学名源于旧世界物种露螽属（Phaneroptera），因为这个属的物种的内翅尖端外露（phanero-+ptera）。
Adult Phaneropterinae species with eggs
==形态描述==
The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all 直翅目, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs.
The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat. The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs. Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike 蝗科, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.
The 产卵管 and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.
==分类学==
露螽亚科是由德意志帝国的动物学家Hermann Burmeister于1838年建立。1，根据《直翅目物种档案》（Orthoptera Species File）列出本亚科接近100个属可再细分为下列各个族、亚族：
===Acrometopini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Europe, the Middle East, Africa
Orophus tessellatus
*Acrometopa Fieber, 1853
*Altihoratosphaga Hemp, Voje, Heller & Hemp, 2010
*Conchotopoda Karsch, 1887
*Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853
*Lamecosoma Ragge, 1960
*Peronura Karsch, 1889
*Peronurella Hemp, 2017
*Prosphaga Ragge, 1960
*Tenerasphaga Hemp, 2017
===Amblycoryphini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa
Amblycorypha insolita
===Barbitistini===
Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia
Barbitistes obtusus
Isophya species mating
===Catoptropterigini===
Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa
*Catoptropteryx Karsch, 1890
*Griffinipteryx Massa, 2016
===Ducetiini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia
Ducetia sp.
*Abaxisotima Gorochov, 2005
*Agnapha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
*条螽属 Ducetia Stål, 1874
*桑螽属 Kuwayamaea Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
*Noia Walker, 1870
*似条螽属 Paraducetia Gorochov & Kang, 2002
*Paragnapha Willemse, 1923
*脊尾螽属 Prohimerta Hebard, 1922
*素木螽属 Shirakisotima Furukawa, 1963
*拟鼓鸣螽属 Subibulbistridulous Shi, 2002
===Dysoniini===
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
===Ectemnini===
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas
*Ectemna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*Euthyrrhachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
===Elimaeini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia
Elimaea punctifera
*Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*掩耳螽属 Elimaea Stål, 1874
*半掩耳螽 Hemielimaea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*Orthelimaea Karny, 1926
===Holochlorini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific
Holochlora japonica female laying eggs
Poecilopsyra octoseriata
===Insarini===
Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas
Arethaea sp.
*Arethaea Stål, 1876
*Brachyinsara Rehn & Hebard, 1914
*Insara Walker, 1869
*Psilinsara Hebard, 1932
===Kevaniellini===
Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa
*Kevaniella Chopard, 1954
===Letanini===
Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia
*Himertula Uvarov, 1940
*Letana Walker, 1869
===Microcentrini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Microcentrum retinerve
===Mirolliini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia
*Amirollia Ingrisch, 2011
*斜缘螽属 Deflorita Bolívar, 1906
*Hemimirollia Ingrisch, 2011
*Hueikaeana Ingrisch, 1998
*奇螽属 Mirollia Stål, 1873
===Morgeniini===
Auth.: Karsch, 1890
*Mangomaloba Sjöstedt, 1902
*Morgenia Karsch, 1890
===Odonturini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsular, Africa, Pacific islands
Dichopetala castanea
===Otiaphysini===
Auth.: Karsch, 1889
*Debrona Walker, 1870
*Drepanophyllum Karsch, 1890
*Stenamblyphyllum Karsch, 1896
*Tetraconcha Karsch, 1890
===Pardalotini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*Pardalota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*Poecilogramma Karsch, 1887
===Percynini===
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
*Percyna Grant, 1964
*Sictuna Walker, 1869
===Phaneropterini===
Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide
nymph -->若虫
===Phlaurocentrini===
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa
*Buettneria Karsch, 1889
*Leiodontocercus Chopard, 1954
*Phlaurocentrum Karsch, 1889
===Phyllopterini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
===Plagiopleurini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
*Diplophyllus Saussure, 1859
*Parableta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*Plagiopleura Stål, 1873
===Plangiopsidini===
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
*Plangiola Bolívar, 1906
*Plangiopsis Karsch, 1889
===Poreuomenini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa
*Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893
*Paraporeuomena Massa, 2018
*Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
===Preussiini===
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa
*Enochletica Karsch, 1896
*Preussia Karsch, 1890
*Weissenbornia Karsch, 1888
===Pycnopalpini===
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America
===Scudderiini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Scudderia sp.
===Steirodontini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
Stilpnochlora couloniana
*Cnemidophyllum Rehn, 1917
*Emsleyfolium Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016
*Nicklephyllum Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
*Steirodon Serville, 1831
*Stilpnochlora Stål, 1873
===Terpnistrini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka
*Diogena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
*Gelotopoia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
*Terpnistria Stål, 1873
*Terpnistrioides Ragge, 1980
*Tropidophrys Karsch, 1896
===Trigonocoryphini===
Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia
*Cosmozoma Karsch, 1889
*Megotoessa Karsch, 1889
*Trigonocorypha Stål, 1873
===Tylopsidini===
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia
Tylopsis lilifolia
*Tylopsis Fieber, 1853
===Vossiini===
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia
===Zeuneriini===
Zeuneria melanopeza
Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa
*Gravenreuthia Karsch, 1892
*Zeuneria Karsch, 1889
===Genus groups and other incertae sedis===
Subtribe Trachyzulphina Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia
*棘露螽属 Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892
Genus groups include:
Male Acripeza reticulata
Caedicia simplex
These genera have not been placed in a tribe:
==参考文献==
==外部连结==
*Phaneropterinae