【牡蛎属】
牡蛎属（学名：Ostrea）是牡蛎目牡蛎科之下的一个海洋双壳纲软体动物的属WoRMS_138298，其物种均可食用。
Fossil valves of Ostrea forskali from Pliocene of Italy
==化石纪录==
本属物种的历史非常悠久：其化石纪录最远可追溯至二叠纪到第四纪期间（2.59亿年前至现在），而且遍布全世界。
现时本属之下有约150个化石种。
==历史==
当Central California太平洋海岸进行考古学发掘之时，至少有一个本属物种（当中包括Ostrea lurida）的化石被发掘出来。这表明了早期的美国原住民丘马什人以这些物种为其食物来源。
==物种==
过往本属物种最高曾多达400个，但现时绝大多数均已被分到不同的属去。4，WoRMS纪录的物种计有WoRMS_138298：
* Ostrea angelica Rochebrune, 1895
* Ostrea arcula Marwick, 1928 †
* Ostrea atherstonei Newton, 1913
*Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1844
* Ostrea circumpicta Pilsbry, 1904
*Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857
* 密鳞牡蛎 O. denselamellosa ：又名拖鞋牡蛎。
* Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758
* Ostrea futamiensis Seki, 1929
* Ostrea libella Weisbord, 1964
*Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
* Ostrea margaritae Pilsbry, 1918 †
* Ostrea megodon Hanley, 1846
* Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny, 1842
*Ostrea stentina Payraudeau, 1826
* Ostrea tatei Suter, 1913 †
* Ostrea waitangiensis Marwick, 1928 †
异名
*O. albertensis †Russell & Landes, 1937
*O. angasi Sowerby, 1846
*O. angulata †Sowerby, 1840
*O. angusta †Deshayes, 1824
*O. anomialis †Lamarck, 1819
*O. antarctica †Zinsmeister, 1984
*O. arenicola †Tate, 1886
*O. aupouria Dinamani, 1981
*O. beloiti †Logan, 1899
*O. bicolor †Hanley, 1854
*O. blackensis †Stephenson, 1923
*O. brongniarti †Bronn, 1856
*O. californica Mareon, 1858
*O. carolinensis †Conrad, 1832
*O. castellobrancoi †Maury 1936
*O. cochlear †Poli, 1795
*O. compressirostra †Say, 1824
*O. costaricensis †Olsson, 1922
* 缘齿牡蛎 O. crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871：今作Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)。
*O. crenulimarginata †Gabb, 1860
*O. cristata Born, 1778
*O. cubitus †Deshayes, 1832
*O. cumingiana Dunker, 1846
*O. cynthiae †Maury, 1912
*O. democraciana †Hodson et al., 1927
*O. dorsalis †Azzaroli, 1958
*O. edulis Linnaeus, 1758- Edible oyster or Belon oyster
* 棘刺牡蛎 Ostrea echinata
*O. edwilsoni †Stoyanow, 1949
*O. eorivularis †Oyama & Mizuno, 1958
* O. equestris (Say, 1834)- Crested oyster
*O. erici †Hertlein, 1929
*O. flavicans Linnaeus, 1758
* 叶片牡蛎 Ostrea foliumpage1=82：又名薄片牡蛎，今作Dendostrea folium。
*O. forskali †Chemnitz, 1785
*O. fraasi †Mayer-Eymar, 1888
*O. frondosa †de Serres, 1829
*O. gajensis †Vredenburg, 1928
*O. gingensis †Schlotheim, 1813
*O. glabra Linnaeus, 1758
*O. golfotristensis †Maury 1912
*O. haleyi †Hertlein, 1933
*O. hippopus †Tate, 1886
* 舌骨牡蛎 Ostrea hyotispage1=82
*O. hyotidoidea †Tate, 1899
*O. imbricata † Lamarck, 1819
*O. incisa †Martin, 1883
*O. invalida †White, 1887
*O. iridescens Gray, 1854
*O. jogjacartensis †Martin, 1914
*O. khamirensis †Cox, 1936
*O. latimarginata †Vredenburg, 1908
*O. longirostris † Lamarck, 1806
*O. ludensis †Deshayes, 1861
*O. lutaria †Hutton, 1885
*O. maculosa Forskål, 1775
*O. manubriata †Tate, 1887
*O. marginidentata †Wood, 1861
*O. matercula †de Verneuil, 1845
*O. mauricensis †Gabb, 1860
*O. mesenterica †Morton, 1834
*O. messor †Maury, 1925
*O. minbuensis †Cotter, 1923
*O. minerensis † Russell & Landes, 1937
*O. minuta Linnaeus, 1758
*O. miradorensis †Olsson, 1931
*O. monetalis † Martin, 1931
* 咬齿牡蛎 Ostrea mordax：今作黑齿牡蛎
*O. negritensis †Olsson, 1928
*O. normalis †Gardner, 1926
*O. obliterata Linnaeus, 1758
*O. pangadiensis †Hislop, 1859
*O. paracasensis †Rivera, 1957
*O. parasitica †Gmelin, 1791
*O. paroxis †Lesueur, 1829
*O. parrensis †Vega et al., 1999
*O. pejerreyensis †Rivera, 1957
*O. pellucens Linnaeus, 1758
*O. pesfelis Linnaeus, 1758
*O. petrosa †Fuchs, 1879
*O. peytoni †Richards, 1947
*O. pileosimilis †Martin, 1931
*O. plicatula Gmelin, 1791
*O. portoricoensis †Hubbard, 1920
*O. princeps †Woods, 1850
*O. procyonis †Maury, 1924
*O. prona †Wood, 1861
*O. protoimbricata †Vredenburg, 1928
*O. pseudocrassissima †Fuchs, 1878
*O. pseudodigitalina †Fuchs, 1879
*O. pseudorissensis †Vredenburg, 1928
*O. pulaskensis †Harris, 1892
*O. radula Linnaeus, 1758
*O. raveneliana †Tuomey & Holmes, 1855
*O. resupinata †Deshayes, 1858
*O. retusa Sowerby, 1871
*O. russelli †Russell & Landes, 1937
*O. samanensis †Olsson, 1928
*O. sanguinea Linnaeus, 1758
*O. saxitoniana †McLearn, 1929
*O. seymourensis †Zinsmeister, 1984
*O. soleniscus †Meek, 1893
*O. striatula Linnaeus, 1758
*O. sturtiana †Tate, 1886
*O. subangulata †d'Orbigny, 1852
*O. submissa †Deshayes, 1864
*O. subradiosa †Bohm, 1926
*O. superficialis Forskål, 1775
*O. tacalensis †Hodson et al., 1927
*O. tayloriana †Gabb, 1866
*O. thalassoklusta †Maury, 1912
* 大连湾牡蛎 Ostrea talienwhanensis
* O. tridacnaeformis Cox, 1927
*O. turkestanensis †Romanovski, 1880
*O. uncinta †Lamarck, 1806
*O. ungulata †Nyst, 1843
*O. ventilabrum †Goldfuss, 1826
*O. vestita †Fuchs, 1883
*O. wiedenmayeri †Hodson et al., 1927
*O. wollastoni †Finlay, 1927
==参考文献==
* James Dwight Dana (1996) Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History, American Book Co., 1088 pages
* C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham  date=20190329002533
==外部连结==
* Ostrea