【Roussel Uclaf】
Roussel Uclaf S.A.是法国制药产业。赛诺菲制药企业的几家前身公司之一。
== 历史 ==
It was the second largest French pharmaceutical company before it was acquired by 霍伊斯特公司 of 美因河畔法兰克福, 德国 in 1997, with pharmaceutical operations combined into the Hoechst Marion Roussel (HMR) division in the United States. Roussel Uclaf's agrochemical operations had been transferred to Hoechst Schering AgrEvo GmbH in 1994.
HMR subsequently merged in 1999 with Rhône-Poulenc to form Aventis, which then merged in 2004 with Sanofi-Synthélabo to form 赛诺菲, which was since renamed Sanofi. Hoechst Schering AgrEvo merged in 1999 with Rhône-Poulenc's agrochemical division to form Aventis CropScience, which was acquired by 拜耳 in 2002 and combined with Bayer's agrochemical division to form Bayer CropScience.
== RU-486 ==
In April 1980, as part of a formal research project at Roussel-Uclaf for the development of 糖皮质激素受体 受体拮抗剂s, chemist Georges Teutsch synthesized 美服培酮 (RU-38486, the 38,486th compound synthesized by Roussel-Uclaf from 1949 to 1980; shortened to RU-486); which was discovered to also be a 孕酮受体 antagonist.url=https://archive.org/details/ru486pillthatcou00lade isbn=1-86152-191-Xpmid=10846319bibcode=1989Sci...246..994C bibcode=1990Sci...247..622P bibcode=1990SciAm.262f..42U url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclesofdrug0000unse/page/1 doi=10.1093/humrep/9.suppl_1.12isbn=978-1-60119-339-1title=Novel steroids assigned to Roussel Uclaf  In October 1981, endocrinologist Étienne-Émile Baulieu, a consultant to Roussel-Uclaf, arranged tests of its use for medical abortion in eleven women in 瑞士 by gynecologist Walter Herrmann at the 日内瓦大学's Cantonal Hospital, with successful results announced on April 19, 1982.pmid=6814714  On October 9, 1987, following worldwide clinical trials in 20,000 women of mifepristone with a 前列腺素 analogue (initially 硫前列酮 or 吉美前列素, later 米索前列醇) for medical abortion, Roussel-Uclaf sought approval in France for their use for medical abortion, with approval announced on September 23, 1988.
== 堕胎产品 ==
1988年10月21日，为了回应反堕胎的抗议和大多数 (54.5%) 所有者HoechstAG的担忧，Roussel-Uclaf高管和董事会以16票对4票决定于1988年10月26日宣布停止米非司酮的分销
两天后，法国政府下令Roussel-Uclaf重新分发米非司酮。法国卫生部长Claude Évin 解释说：「我不能允许因堕胎争论剥夺妇女代表医学进步的产品。从政府批准该药物的那一刻起，RU-486立即已成为女性的财产，这不仅仅是一家制药公司的财产。」1988年4月至1990年2月，仅法国已有34,000名妇女使用免费分发的米非司酮。
Roussel-Uclaf began selling Mifegyne (mifepristone) to hospitals in France in February 1990 at a price (negotiated with the French government) of $48 per 600 mg dose.
Mifegyne was subsequently approved in 大不列颠岛 on July 1, 1991, and in 瑞典 in September 1992, but until his retirement in late April 1994, Hoechst AG chairman Wolfgang Hilger, a devout 天主教会, blocked any further expansion in availability.url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/16/us/fda-says-company-delays-abortion-pill.htmlurl=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24140469.html?dids=24140469:24140469&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT  On May 16, 1994, Roussel-Uclaf announced that it was donating without remuneration all rights for medical uses of mifepristone in the U.S. to the Population Council, which subsequently licensed mifepristone to Danco Laboratories, a new single-product company immune to antiabortion boycotts, which won 美国食品药品监督管理局 approval as Mifeprex on September 28, 2000.
On April 8, 1997, after buying the remaining 43.5% of Roussel-Uclaf stock in early 1997,page=A8url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/11/business/hoechst-to-buy-rest-of-roussel.html Hoechst AG ($30 billion annual revenue) announced the end of its manufacture and sale of Mifegyne ($3.44 million annual revenue) and the transfer of all rights for medical uses of mifepristone outside of the U.S. to Exelgyn S.A., a new single-product company immune to antiabortion boycotts, whose CEO was former Roussel-Uclaf CEO Édouard Sakiz.url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/11401570.html?dids=11401570:11401570&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FTpage=A3pmid=12292550doi=10.1136/bmj.314.7088.1145m  In 1999, Exelgyn won approval of Mifegyne in 11 additional countries, and in 28 more countries over the following decade.url=http://gynuity.org/downloads/Mife_approval_2009_map.pdf