【烟管蜗牛科】
烟管蜗牛科（学名：Clausiliidae），亦作烟管螺科或密封蜗科，是烟管蜗牛总科之下的一种小型和非常长的科级分类。本科物种主要都是左旋物种的陆生蜗牛、会呼吸空气的有肺类腹足纲直神经亚纲柄眼目软体动物page1=105。
本科旧属柄眼目中尿道亚目（Mesurethra）及泛有肺类真有肺类柄眼类非正式群组弯尿道类。
，本科连同现生种及化石种合共有1300个物种，是陆生蜗牛当中其生物多样性最高的分类单元（参照Orthalicidae，在整个腹足纲来说也只是仅次于海生的小塔螺科）。
本科物种在台湾的名称叫作「烟管-{}-蜗牛科」，这是得名于其壳口的独特「烟管」解剖结构，叫作「腔襞」page1=116，让牠们可以将牠们的壳口变得可以像一扇趟门那样把壳口关闭起来。
==型态描述==
Megalophaedusa martensi is the largest species of the family Clausiliidae in the world. The individual in the photograph has a shell which is 45.5 mm long. The whole snail weighs 3.2 g live.
几乎所有本科的贝壳都是左旋的page1=105，这在腹足纲物种的螺壳来说并不常见。壳的表面有肋样构造page1=105。壳长约10到15 mmpage1=105。
These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired, with numerous whorls.
The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture usually has visible folds.
===「烟管」===
Clausilia dubia的「烟管」构造。
烟管蜗牛科物种在肺螺类腹足纲软体动物来说相当特殊，因为牠们大多数的壳口都有称为「腔襞」的类似「烟管」构造，就像一扇趟门一样。这种「烟管」与口盖并不一样，因为在肺螺类物种都已有外套膜肺，并没有「口盖」这种构造。
腔襞是一种石灰质构造，舌形或调匙形，可将其壳口完全关闭，以防止肉食性的甲虫幼虫入侵其柔软的身体。腔襞有不同的形态，如「月形」page1=116或「弓形」zgdwz腔襞、「倒C形腔襞」page1=124、「工形腔襞」page1=118、「平行腔襞」page1=128等，还可以分为多个部分，如：上腔襞、下腔襞、月形襞及主襞等page1=116。腔襞有「闭板」及「腔襞板」（clausilium slides）将其封闭：「闭板」是附生于壳轴的板状构造，而腔襞板则是壳内壁的板状突起page1=116，由壳壁折叠而形成。
==生物学==
本科物种的染色体的单倍体介乎21到30之间page1=139,142。
==分类学==
本科的模式属是烟管蜗牛属（Clausilia small|Draparnaud, 1805）。
根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，本科是弯尿道类非正式群组的成员，而这个群组在2010年的修订被归类为泛有肺类真有肺类演化支的成员。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》，曲尿道类支序和泛有肺类都不再使用。
===2005年分类===
根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，本科包括下列各亚科：
*烟管蜗牛亚科 Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
** tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 - synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924
** tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
*subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
** tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913
** tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) - synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923
** tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 - synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.)
** tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
** tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972
*subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999
*subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981
*斜管螺亚科 Garnieriinae C.R. Boettger, 1926
**斜管螺族 Garnieriini C.R. Boettger, 1926
**伞管螺族 Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002
*subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978
** tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978
** tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985
*subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
*subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
** tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962
** tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
** tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
** tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
** tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
** tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
** tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
** tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
*subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930
*subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
** tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
** tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 - synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954
*subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927
===2017年分类===
根据2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》，烟管蜗牛科是柄眼目旋蜗牛亚目烟管蜗牛下目之下的烟管蜗牛总科的成员。本科之下的亚科从过往的11个亚科缩减至8个亚科21个族，分别如下：
* Subfamily Alopiinae A.J. Wagner, 1913
** Tribe Alopiini A.J. Wagner, 1913
** Tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923)
** Tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956
** Tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
* Subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
* 斜管螺亚科 Garnieriinae C.R. Boettger, 1926
* Subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
* Subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
* Subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923
* Subfamily Peruiniinae H. Nordsieck, 2005
* 管螺亚科 Phaedusinae A.J. Wagner, 1922
** 管螺族 Phaedusini A.J. Wagner, 1922
** Tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927
** Tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007
==属==
以下详列本科之下各个亚科所属的分类单元：
===烟管蜗牛亚科===
烟管蜗牛亚科（Clausiliinae）包括以下两族：
*烟管蜗牛族（Clausiliini）
** 烟管蜗牛属 Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805 - with two subgenera: Clausilia and Strobeliella H. Nordsieck, 1977
** Erjaveci a Brusina, 1870
** Fusulus Fitzinger, 1833 - with two subgenera: Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Fusulus
** Julica H. Nordsieck, 1963
** Macrogastra Hartmann, 1841 - with three subgenera: Macrogastra, Pseudovestia H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Pyrostoma Vest, 1867
** Micridyla H. Nordsieck, 1973
** Neostyriaca A. J. Wagner, 1920
** Pseudofusulus H. Nordsieck, 1977 - has the only one species: Pseudofusulus varians
** Ruthenica Lindholm, 1924
*tribe Gracillariini
** Graciliaria Bielz, 1867
=== Alopiinae ===
Alopiinae
tribe Alopiini
* Alopia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Alopia and Kimakowiczia Szekeres, 1969
* Herilla H. & A. Adams, 1855
* Triloba Vest, 1867
tribe Cochlodinini
* Cochlodina A. Férussac, 1821 - with four subgenera: Cochlodina; Cochlodinastra H. Nordsieck, 1977; Paracochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969; Procochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969
* Macedonica O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Delimini
* Barcania Brandt, 1956
* Charpentieria Stabille, 1864 - with four subgenera: Charpentieria; Gibbularia Monterosato, 1908; Mauritanica O. Boettger, 1877; Siciliaria Vest, 1867 and Stigmatica O. Boettger, 1877
* Delima Hartmann, 1842 - with four subgenera: Delima; Dugiana Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; Piceata O. Boettger, 1877 and Semirugata O. Boettger, 1877
* Dilataria Vest, 1867
* Papillifera Hartmann, 1842
tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
* Agathylla H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Agathylla and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969
* Albinaria Vest, 1867 - also include former genera Carinigera Moellendorff, 1873; Cristataria Vest, 1867; Isabellaria Vest, 1867; Sericata O. Boettger, 1878.
* Inchoatia Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006
* Lampedusa - with two subgenera Imitatrix Westerlund, 1884 and Lampedusa
* Leucostigma A. J. Wagner, 1919
* Medora H. & A. Adams, 1855
* Muticaria Lindholm, 1925
* Strigilodelima A. J. Wagner, 1924
tribe Montenegrinini
* Montenegrina O. Boettger, 1877
* Protoherilla A. J. Wagner, 1921
=== Baleinae ===
* Alinda H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Alinda and Pseudalinda O. Boettger, 1877
* Balea J. E. Gray, 1824
* Bulgarica O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera Bulgarica, Pavlovicia H. Nordsieck, 1973 and Strigilecula Kennard & Woodward, 1923
* Lacinaria Hartmann, 1842
* Likharevia H. Nordsieck, 1975
* Menissa H. & A.Adams, 1855
* Mentissella H. Nordsieck, 1973
* Micropontica O. Boettger, 1881 - with two subgenera: Baleopsina Lindholm, 1924 and Micropontica
* Mucronaria O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Index O. Boettger, 1877 and Mucronaria
* Quadriplicata O. Boettger, 1878
* Vestia Hesse, 1916 - with three subgenera: Brabenecia H. Nordsieck, 1974; Vestia and Vestiella H. Nordsieck, 1877
=== Constrictinae ===
Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera:
* † Constricta O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily
===斜管螺亚科===
斜管螺亚科（Garnieriinae）包括下列各属：
* Garnieria Bourguignat, 1877
* 斜管螺属 Grandinenia H. Minato & C. Chen, 1984
* Indonenia Ehrmann, 1927
* Megalauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007
* Neniauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2002
* 伞管螺属 Tropidauchenia Lindholm, 1924
** subsp. Euryauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007
** subsp. Tropidauchenia
=== Eualopiinae ===
Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera:
tribe † Eualopiini
* † Eualopia O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily
tribe † Rillyini
* † Rillya Munier-Chalmas in P. Fischer, 1883 - type genus of the tribe
=== Laminiferinae ===
* Laminifera O. Boettger, 1863 - the type genus of the family Laminiferinae. Its type species is fossil. (Actual status of the genus?)
* Bofilliella Ehrmann, 1927
* Neniatlanta Bouguignat, 1876
=== Mentissoideinae ===
* Acrotoma O. Boettger, 1881 - with four subgenera: Acrotoma, Acrotomina H. Nordsieck, 1977; Bzybia H. Nordsieck, 1977 and Castelliana Suvorov, 2002
* Akramowskia H. Nordsieck, 1975
* Armenica O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Armenica and Astrogena Szekeres, 1970
* Bitorquata O. Boettger, 1877
* Boettgeria O. Boettger, 1863 - with two subgenera: Boettgeriaand Loosjesiella Neubert & Groh, 1998
* Elia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: Acroeuxina O. Boettger, 1877; Caucasica O. Boettger, 1877; Elia and Megaleuxina O. Boettger, 1877
* Euxina O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Euxina and Illunellaria Lindholm, 1924
* Euxinastra O. Boettger, 1888 - with two subgenera: Euxinastra and Odonteuxina H. Nordsieck, 1875
* Euxinella H. Nordsieck, 1973
* Filosa O. Boettger, 1877
* Galeata O. Boettger, 1877
* Idyla H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Idyla and Strigilidyla H. Nordsieck, 1994
* Kazancia Neubert, 1992 - with two subgenera: Kazancia and Lasica Neubert, 1995
* Macroptychia O. Boettger, 1877
* Mentissoidea O. Boettger, 1877
* Olympicola Hesse, 1916
* Phrygica H. Nordsieck, 1994
* Roseniella Thiele, 1931 - with two subgenera: Chavchetia Neubert, 1992 and Roseniella
* Sabaeola Lindholm, 1925
* Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883
* Strigileuxina H. Nordsieck, 1975
* Strumosa O. Boettger, 1877
* Sumelia H. Nordsieck, 1994
===大口管螺亚科===
大口管螺亚科（Neniinae Ehrmann, 1927）主要分布于南美洲，但亦有少数分布于中国南部、南亚及东南亚，包括以下各属：
* Andinia Polinski, 1922
* Andiniella Weyrauch, 1958
* Audiniastra H. Nordsieck, 2005
* Bequaertinenia Weyrauch, 1964 - with two subgenera: Bequaertinenia and Miranenia Grego & Szekeres, 2004
* Brevinenia Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005
* Columbinia Polinski, 1924 - with three subgenera: Columbinia; Paranenia Rehder, 1939 and Steatonenia Pilsbry, 1926
* Cyclonenia H. Nordsieck, 1999
* Cylindronenia Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Cylindronenia and Cylindroneniella H. Nordsieck, 2007
* Ehrmanniella Zilch, 1949
* Gonionenia Pilsbry, 1926
* Gracilinenia Polinski, 1922
* Hemicena Pilsbry, 1949
* Incaglaia Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Gibbonenia Zilch, 1954 and Incaglaia
* Incania Polinski, 1922
* Leuconenia H. Nordsieck, 2005
* 大口管螺属 Nenia H. & A. Adams, 1855
* Neniaptyx H. Nordsieck, 2007
* Neniatracta Pilsbry, 1926
* Neniella Grego & Sekeres, 2004
* Neniops Pilsbry, 1926
* Nenisca Rehder, 1939
* Parabalea Ancey, 1882
* Peruinia Polinski, 1922
* Pfeifferiella Weyrauch, 1957
* Pseudogracilinenia Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984
* Steeriana Jousseaume, 1900
* Symptychiella H. Nordsieck, 1999 - with two subgenera: Divnenia H. Nordsieck, 2005 and Symptychiella
* Temesa H. & A. Adams, 1855
* Zilchiella Weyrauch, 1957
===管螺亚科===
管螺亚科（Phaedusinae Thiele, 1931）包括以下各属：
管螺族 Phaedusini
* 管螺属 Phaedusa H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: Metaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Phaedusa; Pseudophaedusa Tomiyama, 1984 and Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Megalophaedusini
* Leptacme Ehrmann, 1927
* Oospira Blanford, 1872 - with five subgenera: Atractophaedusa Ehrmann, 1927; Formosana O. Boettger, 1877; Formosanella H. Nordsieck, 2003; Oospira; Paraformosella H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Siphonophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
* Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Prozaptyx Loosjes, 1950 and Zaptyx
tribe ?
* Acanthophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2007
* Bathyptychia Lindholm, 1925 - with three subgenera: Bathyptychia; Brachyptychia H. Nordsieck, 2001 and Strictiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
* Celsiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
* Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera: Cylindrophaedusa and Montiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
* Dautzenbergiella Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: Dautzenbergiella and Mansuyiella H. Nordsieck, 2003
* Diceratoptyx Pilsbry, 1905
* 真管螺属 Euphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877： - with five subgenera: Dentiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; Euphaedusa; Papilliphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; Tauphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Telophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003：又名小烟管蜗牛属。
* Fuchsiana Gredler, 1887
* 拟管螺属 Hemiphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877：with 10 subgenera: Dendrophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002; Hemiphaedusa; Hemiphaedusoides H. Nordsieck, 2001; Hemizaptyx Pilsbry, 1905; Labyrinthiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Margaritiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Notoptychia Ehrmann, 1927; Pinguiphaedusa Azuma, 1982; Placeophaedusa Minato, 1994 and Selenophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
* Heterozaptyx Pilsbry, 1906
* Juttingia Loosjes, 1965 - with two subgenera: Juttingia and Pseudohemiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
* Lindholmiella Ehrmann, 1927
* Liparophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
* Loosjesia H. Nordsieck, 2002
* Luchuphaedusa Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Luchuphaedusa and Nesiophaedusa Pilsbry, 1905
* Macrophaedusa Moellendorff, 1883
* Macrophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 2001
* Megalophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with four subgenera: Megalophaedusa; Mesophaedusa Ehrmann, 1929; Mesozaptyx Kuroda, 1963 and Mundiphaedusa Minato, 1979. (Neophaedusa is a synonym of Megalophaedusa).
* Metazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
* Miraphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2005
* Oligozaptx Pilsbry, 1905
* Paraphedusa O. Boettger, 1877
* Parazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
* Pliciphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1998
* Pulchraptyx Minato, 1981
* Reinia Kobelt, 1876 - with three subgenera: Parareinia H. Nordsieck, 1998; Pictophaedusa Azuma, 1982 and Reinia
* Renschiphaedusa Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973
* Selenoptyx Pilsbry, 1908
* Serriphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
* Sinigena Lindholm, 1925
* Stereozaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
* Streptodera Lindholm, 1925
* Synprosphyma Germain, 1919 - with two subgenera; Excussispira Lindholm, 1925 and Synprosphyma
* Thaumatoptyx Pilsbry, 1908
* Tyrannophaedusa Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Aulacophaedusa Azuma, 1982 and Tyrannophaedusa
* Tyrannozaptyx Käufel, 1930
* Zaptychopsis Ehrmann, 1927
=== Serrulininae ===
* Caspiophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
* Dobatia H. Nordsieck, 1973
* Graecophaedusa Rähle, 1982
* Laeviphaedusa Likharev & Stelkov, 1965
* Microphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1978
* Nothoserrulina Németh & Szekeres, 1995
* Pamphylica Németh & Szekeres, 1995
* Pravispira Lindholm, 1924
* Pontophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
* Pontophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 1994
* Sciocochlea C. Boettger, 1935
* Serrulina Mousson, 1873
* Serrulinella H. Nordsieck, 1984
* Truncatophaedusa Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovács 1994
* Tsoukatosia Gittenberger, 2000 - with two subgenera: Agiosspeleikos A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 and Tsoukatosia
==保育==
尽管非海洋软体动物当中本科物种看似易危Lydeard 2004，但在《国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》只有9个本科的物种被列入名录内。
==参考文献==
==延伸阅读==
* cite journal |last1=Maltz |first1=T. K. |last2=Sulikowska-Drozd |first2=A. |year=2008 |title=Life Cycles of Clausiliids of Poland — Knowns and Unknowns |journal=Annales Zoologici |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=857-880 |doi=10.3161/000345408X396783 |language =en
* Nordsieck H. (2007). Worldwide Door Snails. ConchBooks, 213 pp. 978-3-939767-07-7.
* Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails". Doctoral thesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Leiden University.  HTM date=20170319022625 ,  PDF.
* Uit de Weerd D. R., Piel W. H. & Gittenberger E. (2004). "Widespread polyphyly among Alopiinae snail genera: when phylogeny mirrors biogeography more closely than morphology". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33(3): 533-548. 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.010
==外部连结==
* Nordsieck H. (2005–2007).  www.clausilia.de at Internet Archive.
* Nordsieck H.:  http://www.hnords.de date=20200801004058 : Internet journal for the malacology of landsnails (with special regard to Clausiliidae).
*  BioLib info date=20190922132434