【水原华城】
水原华城（k=수원 화성）或华城（k=화성）是韩国京畿道水原市中央的一座堡垒。这个朝鲜堡垒由朝鲜王朝正祖从1794年到1796年建成，以纪念他的父亲庄献世子。华城位于首尔以南30千米处，其城墙围绕水原市区中心大部，内建有朝鲜正祖的行宫。1997年经联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。
水原华城设施完备，有城墙、宫殿、四个城门以及两座水门。水原川是水原主要河川，会经由水门，流过华城的中央。
== 建造 ==
水原华城堡垒地图
最初，正祖建设华城的动机是迁都，因为水原是汉城和黄海之间的战略要地。同时，正祖希望远离汉城内炽烈的党争，并让水原成为和汉城比肩的首善之城。因此他出台激励政策，不仅奖励搬迁到水原的人民，还免除其十年租税。正祖还下令在华城内建造学校等公共建筑，使其匹配首都的职能。
另外一个原因是，正祖希望避免万历朝鲜战争时朝鲜战线崩溃的历史重演。当时朝鲜的城墙大多是用于简单防御，而人民在战争时要撤退到单独建造的山城中去避难。华城与众不同之处在于将防御功能结合在城墙里，城墙上不仅有用于防御的弩台和雉堞，亦有用于攻击的暗门。
华城于1794年开始建造，1796年10月10日竣工，主要设计者是实学家丁若镛。丁若镛在华城的设计中结合了朝鲜与中国的传统建筑技术，以及刚刚传入朝鲜的西洋知识。例如，华城城墙的主要材料不是土而是砖，建造时也使用了滑轮和起重机。
建设华城总共投入人力七十万，成本为银两八十万七千两及米一千五百袋。由于实学的影响，华城的建设不是通过徭役这样的义务形式，而是政府雇佣劳力并支付报酬完成。
==华城建筑记录==
正祖驾崩后不久，记录华城建造过程的档案《华城城役仪轨》（화성성역의궤）在1801年被公开。这份仪轨共十卷，第一卷是建筑计划及监工的名单；接下来六卷是建造的实录，例如来自王室的命令及工人的报酬支付情况。最后三卷记载了宫殿建设情况，以及人员的分工。在仪轨中还记载了各种建材的详细用量。朝鲜战争中，华城遭到严重破坏，因此从1970年起，韩国方面便按照这份仪轨修复了华城。
法文版于1898年由法国驻韩国领事昂利·谢瓦利埃（Henry Chevalier）出版，德文版则参考班贝格大学赵斗元（조두원/Cho Doo-won）的论文翻译而来。
== 主要建筑 ==
*长安门，华城北门，门楼五间，左右有双阙，门外有瓮城
*八达门，华城南门
*苍龙门，华城东门
*华西门，华城西门
*华虹门，建于正北的水门
*访花随柳亭，位于华虹门之东，又名东北阁楼
*西将台
*华城行宫，正门为中阳门，正殿为惠庆宫居住的奉寿堂，国王寝宫为洛南轩，还有长乐堂、景龙馆、维与宅、左翊门、右翊门、新丰楼、未老闲亭等建筑。
*华城乡校
*大有屯，位于华城西北方的国营农场
*万石渠，石砌水库
==结构介绍==
水原华城城墙
===城墙===
城墙的长度为5.74公里，长度介乎于4至6米之间，最初包围约1.3平方公里的土地。在平原上的城墙会高过两侧的山丘，因为山上的城墙无需造得太高便可构成地势优势。雉堞高1.2米左右，为砖石材质。城墙维护状况良好，适于步行。
===四大城门===
==== 长安门 ====
长安门是华城的北门，也是正门，同时是现今韩国最大的古城门。它是仿照崇礼门建造的，为重檐庑殿顶，材质也类似。长安门外有瓮城，设有两个敌台。长安门的名称显然是来自中国古都长安，寄托了正祖希望华城繁荣昌盛的愿望。
==== 八达门 ====
八达门是华城的南门，与长安门一样是重檐庑殿顶，有瓮城和两个敌台。其名称是寓意“四通八达”。如今八达门两侧的城墙已经损坏，成为繁华的商业街。
==== 苍龙门 ====
苍龙门是华城的东门，单檐庑殿顶，有瓮城。名称来源取自“青龙”。如今的苍龙门是1978年重建的。
==== 华西门 ====
华西门是华城的西门，单檐庑殿顶，有瓮城。
===现今的入口===
由于华城重建时已是1970年代，许多居民区和道路当时已经建成，因此不得不采取妥协，保留这些现代化设施。对于其中三条步道来说，这些步道已经被重建为两个相邻结构之间的桥梁：
* 进入北门的桥梁介乎北门长安门和北东敌台之间
* 进入东门的桥梁介乎东北弩台与东北空心墩之间
* 进入西门的桥梁介乎西门华西门与西北空心墩之间。此外，与八达山相关的两个小地下通道也被保留。它们分别位于西1炮塔和南炮塔附近。
至于最大的南入口，已倒塌的城墙和四个结构（西南和东南敌台，南暗门和南空心墩）根本没有重建，现在的八达门仍然与华城其他部分隔绝，平日周围只剩车水马龙。
===其他结构===
在水原华城城墙上的所有结构（见下面的描述）中，最引人注目的是
* 水门
* 剩余的两个烽墩，而两层至三层楼和独特的木制凉亭就在顶部，并拥有枪支射击和监视的铳眼。
* 空心墩，它有五个烟囱可以使烟雾或火焰发出不同的信号。当一个人烟囱被点燃是当是区域表明和平，两个烟囱意味著敌人被发现，三个烟囱警告说敌人即将到来，四个烟囱意思是敌人已经进入城市，五个烟囱同时亮起来是一场警戒，战斗已经开始了。
===砲楼与铺楼===
因为汉字词在朝鲜语中会出现同音异义，而砲楼和铺楼用谚文都写作포루，因而产生华城几个设防结构的命名冲突。根据官方权威文件《华城城役议轨》，为华城不同种类的设防结构取不同的名称是方便分类。这样就可以将砲楼和铺楼分类。
以下图片集展示了这些结构在设计中的差异及作用性:
==城墙上48个主要结构==
沿城墙的48个原始结构（包括已经消失的部分）可以按照其功能进行排序：
* 主要城门 (4): 南、东、北和西
* 水门 (2): 南、北
* 烽墩 (1): 烽墩
* 甬道 (1): 西南甬道 (용도)
* 将台 (2): 东、西
* 角楼 (4): 东南、东北、西北、西南
* 敌台 (4): 南东, 北东, 北西, 南西
* 暗门 (5): 南, 东, 北, 西, 西南
* 空心墩(3): 南, 东北, 西北
* 舖楼 (5): 东2, 东1, 东北, 东, 西
* 砲楼 (5): 东, 北东, 北西, 西, 南
* 弩台 (2): 东北, 西
* 雉楼 (10): 东3, 东2, 东1, 北东, 西1, 西2, 西3, 东南1, 东南2, 南
其中四个结构被排除在重建之外。西南和东南门敌台，南暗门和南空心墩均位于南门(八达门)附近。它们将继续被清除，以提供游客和居民所需的现代化道路。
这48个结构也可以如「首尔指南」般按照「城墙」列出， 或「亚洲历史建筑」
. 在这里，这些结构以南门（使用水原公共交通的接入点）开始以逆时针方向顺序列出。
#南门 (남문)
#南东敌台 (남동적대)
#南暗门 (남암문)
#南空心墩 (남공심돈)
#南水门 (남수문)
#东南角楼 (동남각루)
#西三雉 (동삼치)
#东二舖楼 (동이포루)
#烽墩 (봉돈)
#东二雉 (동이치)
#东砲楼 (동포루)
#东一雉 (동일치)
#东一舖楼 (동일포루)
#苍龙门 (창룡문)
#东北弩台 (동북노대)
#东北空心墩 (동북공심돈)
#东将台 (동장대)
#东暗门 (동암문)
#东北砲楼 (동북포루)
#北暗门 (북암문)
#东北角楼 (동북각루)
#华虹门 (화홍문)
#北东砲楼 (북동포루)
#北东雉 (북동치)
#北东敌台 (북동적대)
#长安门 (장안문)
#北西敌台 (북서적대)
#北西砲楼 (북서포루)
#北砲楼 (북포루)
#西北空心墩 (서북공심돈)
#西门 (서문)
#西北角楼 (서북각루)
#西一雉(서일치)
#西砲楼 (서포루)
#西二雉 (서이치)
#西弩台 (서노대)
#西将台 (서장대)
#西暗门 (서암문)
#西砲楼 (서포루)
#西三雉 (서삼치)
#西南暗门 (서남암문)
#西南甬道 (용도)
#甬道西雉 (용도서치)
#西南角楼 (서남각루)
#甬道东雉 (용도동치)
#南砲楼 (남포루)
#南雉 (남치)
#南西敌台 (남서적대)
===南门 (남문)===
八达门 （팔달문），通常被称为南门 （남문），坐落于水原市中心要道之圆环上。  Its stone base is capped with a two-storey wooden pavilion surrounded by a stone wall. A small, semi-circular protective wall known as an ongseong, is located on the south side (outside) of the gate.  The gate also houses a bell called Paldalmun Dongjong, which was originally cast in Gaeseong in 1080 and was refounded in 1687 by Dohwaseung, the chief priest of Manuisa Temple, for use in Buddhist ceremonies.  123 cm tall and 75 cm in diameter, it hangs from a dragon-shaped suspension ring, has a flue pipe to set the tone and has a slightly curved body - features which are typical of Korean bells of that era.  This particular bell's flue pipe has a design of the dragon's tail entwined around it and is topped with a lotus flower.  The top of the bell has a line of Sanskrit words around it, while the bottom is decorated with arabesque designs.  The decorative nipples are interspaced with Bodisattvas holding lotus flowers.  The bell is very similar in design to that in Tongdosa,  which differs notably from Paldalmun's only in size.
由于在韩战期间八达门幸免于难，所以没有经历与城墙上其他结构的广泛重建。 因此，一些横梁已经广泛下垂，所以自2010年9月开始，八达门正在进行全面拆除，修理和重新组装门的屋顶。
===东南敌台 (남동적대)===
华城南北门两旁都设有敌台。今天只剩下北门(长安门)得以保留。
===南暗门 (남암문)===
此门已经消失。
===南空心墩 (남공심돈)===
南空心墩, like that standing by Hwaseomun, was an observation tower standing beside the Suwoncheon.  It is part of the section of Hwaseong which has not been restored.
===南水门 (남수문)===
南水门, meaning South Floodgate, sat across the Suwoncheon at the downstream end of the city walls.  The gate was a little over a kilometre from Hwahongmun, the gate at the upstream end.  Construction began on February 28, 1794, was interrupted, but continued in November 1795, the structure being completed on March 25, 1796, but having been fully operational since completion of its basic structure on January 16 that year.  The bridge had nine arches for the water to flow beneath: two more than Hwahongmun because of increase in flow.  Above the bridge there was a large brick structure instead of the usual gatehouse, as this section of Hwaseong was one of the most vulnerable.  This took up two thirds of the space above the arches, the remaining third being the bridge.
This gate was swept away in a flood in 1846. It was restored but washed away again by a flood in 1922. During the general restoration of the Fortress in 1975, no consensus was obtained on how to rebuild the gate, and the area remained reserved in its ancient status.
The issue arose again during the rehabilitation of the entire Suwon Stream, inside and outside the Fortress, that was initiated in 2006.
Concerning Namsumun, the restoration was launched in June 2010  and the restored floodgate is 29.4m long, 5.9m wide and 9.3m high. The inauguration was 2012-6-9.
===东南角楼 (동남각루)===
东南角楼, sits on top of a small rise above the former location of Namsumun.  Its location serves its purpose as a lookout tower well, as much of Hwaseong and the area outside to the south and east can been seen from here.
===东三雉 (동삼치)===
Dongsam Chi, the third eastern turret, lies halfway from the south-east pavilion to the second eastern sentry post.  Like other turrets, it extends a short distance perpendicularly from the wall to enable guards to see and attack assailants who had already reached the fortress.
===东二舖楼 (동이포루)===
Dong-i Poru, the second eastern sentry post, like other sentry posts, is a wooden structure sitting on a turret.  Construction of this post was completed on July 3, 1796 and it was intended to defend the beacon tower.  For this purpose, it extends further out from the wall than the north-western sentry post.  It also lacks wooden front doors.
===烽墩 (봉돈)===
烽墩, the beacon tower, sits midway from Paldalmun to Changnyongmun.  It is located intentionally in direct line with Haenggung so that the king could see its signals.  Smokes and lights were used to signal the state of threats.  The southernmost of its five chimneys was used during peacetime.
===东二雉 (동이치)===
东二雉, the second eastern turret, like the other nine turrets around Hwaseong, allowed soldiers to look out in many directions along the exterior of the wall.  Unlike the other two eastern turrets, the outer corners of this structure are rounded, the others forming sharp right angles.
===东砲楼 (동포루)===
东砲楼, the eastern GunTower, lies between the two eastern turrets.  Construction of the post was completed on July 16, 1796.  As with other GunTowers in Hwaseong, the interior is of multiple levels to allow various angles for firearms and other weapons.
===东一雉 (동일치)===
Dong-il Chi, the first eastern turret, is the first turret south of the first eastern sentry post, lying 0 along the wall towards the beacon tower.
===东一舖楼 (동일포루)===
Dongil-SentryPost, the first eastern sentry post, was completed on July 10, 1796.  Like the second eastern sentry post, it extends further from the wall than most posts.
===东门 (동문)===
苍龙门 (창룡문), 通常被称为东门 (동문),它位处在一个主要的路口。它的石头基座上盖著数层木制的亭子。朝鲜战争期间东门被摧毁，及后在1975年进行重建。
===东北弩台 (동북노대)===
Dongbuk Nodae is one of two crossbow platforms in the fortress and is situated within reach of the east gate and has a wide field of view as it sits on a corner of the wall, enabling archers to target assailants from many angles.
===东北空心墩 (동북공심돈)===
东北空心墩，意指东北瞭望台，位于苍龙门对面。外表呈椭圆形，楼高 0，三层。可沿著旋转形楼梯直达天台。
===东将台 (동장대)===
Dongjangdae, meaning eastern command post, stands next to Dongbuk Gongsimdon, facing Changnyongmun across an archery field.  When the king was in residence in Haenggung, within the fortress walls, there were two generals and four soldiers on guard in this command post at all times.  (There were five night shifts.)  Each officer was armed with a bow and arrow, sword and baton.  The command post is nicknamed Yeonmudae, a reference to its second function as a training camp.
===东暗门 (동암문)===
东暗门，为东端暗门， 位于东将台 0之上 , was used for passage of people, animals and munitions.  Construction of the gate, which sits beneath a brick structure surmounted with a large round parapet, was completed on March 25, 1796.
===东北舖楼 (동북포루)===
东北舖楼位于北部和东部的暗门之间，保护了他们的郊外。
这个结构不能与北东砲楼（동북포루）混淆。
===北暗门 (북암문)===
北暗门（북암문），官方称为第3北暗门（제3북암문）是三个原结构中唯一剩下的暗门。它靠近东北角楼。
===东北角楼 (동북각루)===
The north-east pavilion is known as Dongbuk Gangnu and nicknamed Banghwasuryujeong.  It sits above Yongyeon, a pond surrounded by a small garden.  It was originally intended to be the second battle command post, though its scenic location made it a place favoured instead for feasts.
===华虹门 (화홍문)===
Hwahongmun, otherwise known as Buksumun, is the gate under which the Suwoncheon flows on entering the area encompassed by Hwaseong and exited through Namsumun. The gate has the obvious function of being a bridge, but also housed cannons for defensive purposes.  The Suwoncheon was widened at this point and the gate has seven arches through which it passes.
===北东砲楼 (북동포루)===
Bukdong-GunTower sits between Janganmun and Hwahongmun. This tower controls the North-East outskirts of the Fortress, and protects Hwahongmun. It was completed on September 23, 1794. Not to be confused with 동북포루, the East-North SentryPost.
===北东雉 (북동치)===
北东雉（북동치），是位处东北的雉楼。坐落于北东敌台的东边。
===北东敌台 (북동적대)===
Bukdong Jeokdae is a platform immediately to the east of Janganmun.  It housed a cannon to protect the gate and its ongseong.
===长安门 (장안문)===
长安门 （장안문），通常被称为北门 （북문），为南韩最大城门。亦有部分人称之全球最大， as it is through this gate that visitors from Seoul will have entered Suwon and this would be in keeping with King Jeongjo's original desire to move the capital of the country to Suwon.  Janganmun's stone base is capped with a two-storey wooden pavilion.  A small, semi-circular protective wall known as an ongseong, is located outside the gate.  The gate was destroyed in the Korean War and reconstructed in the 1970s.
===北西敌台 (북서적대)===
Bukseo Jeokdae is a platform immediately to the west of Janganmun.  It housed a cannon to protect the gate and its ongseong.
===北西砲楼 (북서포루)===
Bukseo-GunTower is adjacent to Bukseo Jeokdae.  Made from black bricks, it is divided into three storeys internally by boards.  Firearms were secreted on these floors. The roof is unusual in design, being gabled on the inner side (towards the wall) and angled to the outer side (away from the wall).  Construction was completed on September 24, 1794.
===北砲楼 (북포루)===
Buk-SentryPost is another Sentry Post containing hidden firearms.  This is closer to Hwaseomun than to Janganmun.  Today a tourist information centre and public toilet stand on the north side of the structure.  Construction was completed on February 20, 1795.
===西北空心墩 (서북공심돈)===
Seobuk Gongsimdon is an observation tower standing directly adjacent to Hwaseomun, giving it the obvious function of being a lookout post to protect the gate.  Built from bricks on three sides, its inside is partitioned into three storeys with two wooden floors, from which soldiers could fire cannons and other firearms.  It is said that, in 1797, on visiting Suwon, King Jeongjo claimed to his companions that this was the first gongsimdon in Korea.  Its construction was completed on March 10, 1796.
===西门 (서문)===
华西门 (화서문)是华城的西门。它的石头基座上盖著一层层的木制亭子。
===西北角楼 (서북각루)===
Seobuk Gangnu, facing a hill known as Sukjisan, is the lookout post immediately anti-clockwise from Hwaseomun.  With less of a wide field of view than from the other side of the gate, it is shorter than the gongsimdon a short distance to the north-east.  The pavilion's ground floor is fitted with an under-floor heating system.
===西一雉 (서일치)===
Seo-il Chi, meaning West Turret 1, is a small bulge in the wall to allow soldiers to fire upon anyone attempting to scale Hwaseong from the outside.
===西砲楼 (서포루)===
Seo-GunTower sits partway up the hill named Paldalsan when heading anti-clockwise from Hwaseomun to Seojangdae. It controls the outskirts of Mount Paldal, and protects the Western Command Post (seojangdae). It was completed on May 30, 1796, and was one of Hwaseong's most heavily armed posts.
This structure shall not be confused with the Seo-SentryPost.
===西二雉 (서이치)===
Seo-i Chi, the second turret on the west of Hwaseong, stands just below Seonodae on the slopes of Paldalsan.  Its purpose, as with any turret, was to provide a location to attack people trying to scale the walls.
===西弩台 (서노대)===
Seonodae is an octagonal, steep-stepped, black brick platform directly adjacent to Seojangdae at the crest of Paldalsan when heading uphill from Hwaseomun.  From here, archers could attack assailants in a wide range of directions and facing downhill, too.
===西将台 (서장대)===
Seojangdae, meaning western command post, sits atop Paldalsan, a small hill over which the higher section of Hwaseong runs.  Seojangdae was destroyed by a fire in 1996 and was reconstructed afterwards.  However, on May 1, 2006, an arsonist attacked Seojangdae. The arsonist reportedly caused the fire by lighting his clothes and underwear with a cigarette lighter.  The fire caused about ₩6 billion in damage (about $6 million), destroying the upper floor of the watchtower.  Seojangdae was reconstructed in 2007.
===西暗门 (서암문)===
Seoammun, the West Secret Gate, lies 0 south of Seojangdae.  Sitting on a forested part of the ridge of the hill Paldalsan, it was designed to provide access in and out under cover.  Today, it is easily accessible from the road outside, being located near Jindallae (Azalea) Public Toilets.
===西舖楼 (서포루)===
Seo-SentryPost sits on a turret projecting from the wall 0. It controls and protects the West Secret Gate that sits immediately southwards. The structure was completed on August 18, 1796.
This structure shall not be confused with the Seo-GunTower, which sits on the other side of Seojangdae.
===西三雉 (서삼치)===
Seosam Chi, the third western turret, has the same function as the other nine turrets around Hwaseong.  It sits just north of the south-western spur.
===西南暗门 (서남암문)===
Seonam Ammun is the beginning of a path to Seonam Gangnu, the south-western pavilion.  The gate used to contain a house known as a posa, and Seonam Posa, the south-western posa, sat above the gate, enabling soldiers to keep watch and issue alerts.
===西南甬道 (용도)===
为了控制沿著八达山的山脊，华城堡垒有一个甬道。它始于山顶的西南暗门，经过八达山的西南端，最后到达西南角楼，又名华阳楼（화양루）。如今这个位置提供了饱览水原市的大景观，包括水原站。
===甬道西雉 (용도서치)===
两个雉楼位于西南暗门到西南角楼方向的中间。它在暗门右侧，西南一雉（서남일치）延伸至华城西部，俯瞰著水原市向西湖方湖。它也被称为勇道西雉（용도서치）。
===西南角楼 (서남각루)===
西南角楼（서남각루），华阳楼（화양루）,位于西南暗门的尖端，可以看到许多水原建筑，包括水原站。
===甬道东雉 (용도동치)===
这两个雉楼位于西南暗门的西南方向到西南角楼的中间。即在西南角楼的右边，西南二稚（서남이치）一直往东延伸，俯瞰著南部八达门的城墙（现在八达山上已经变得树木茂盛了，但现在看不到）。它通常被称为甬道东雉 (용도동치)。
===南砲楼 (남포루)===
南砲楼（남포루）坐在甬道和南堡楼之间，并控制堡垒的郊区，，特别接近八达门。
===南雉 (남치)===
南雉（남치），南雉楼（남치루）,位处八达门上的八达山山坡上的城墙上，突然出现于南砲楼下面。
===南西敌台 (남서적대)===
当时南北门两旁都是守卫台。今天，只剩下北门守卫台保留下来。
==1795年8日大巡行==
正祖因父亲庄献世子墓园—永祐园风水不佳，且在墓穴中有蛇，因此将其从杨州拜峰山迁移至水原华山脚下，并更名为显隆园。原位于华山脚下的水原郡官衙及村庄奉命一同搬迁至八达山脚下。而每年都为正祖都会组织一次皇室巡行，敬拜他父亲的坟墓。1795年二月的皇家巡行最大型的一次，适逢正祖母亲献敬王后六十岁生辰，同时也是其已故父亲诞辰六十周年。（请紧记，在韩国的出生日是算1岁，所以韩国人的60岁生日是指61岁）。在1795年的巡行是一个巨大的事件，动员共5,661人和1,417匹马。
像往常一样，这个庭园事件也被皇家图书馆记录下来，根据《园幸乙卯整理仪轨》（원행을묘뎡니의궤）(乙卯= 1795年)。每一个仪轨，本文件的几个「正式副本」已经被确认（正本更为珍贵，为国王使用而保留）。 该仪轨的主要文件是八屏: 华城行幸图 屛风(화성행행도 병풍）如今，这个屏风存在三个副本中，其中一个是棕褐色的，另是一个蓝色（见下面的画廊）和一个彩色，17 而朝鲜国王使用的副本。最后一份可以在三星艺术博物馆看到，并在2005-04-15被指定为国宝1430号。
这些画作描绘了巡行的重要事件，尽管画廊小组的顺序并不反映巡行实际的程序。
# 在华城的圣庙进行祭祀, 1795年2月11日
# 文武考试, 1795年2月11日
# 在奉寿堂为正祖母亲举行六十生辰宴会, 1795年2月13日
# 洛南轩的养老宴, 1795年2月14日
# 在守将台的夜间军事演习, 1795年2月12日
# 世祖在得中亭进行射箭活动, 1795年2月14日
# 巡行期间回到行宫, 1795年2月15日
# 在鹭梁津巡行期间穿越汉江上的一座浮桥, 1795年2月16日
在奉寿堂举行的宴会，像当时的传统绘画类似。然而，描绘返回行宫的巡行的场景的组成形式是「之」的形状，这是著名的法院画家金弘道的终身画作的特征。画廊最后一幕描绘了巡行队伍横渡在汉江一座浮桥上展现出独特的作品，这在当时在皇室巡行画中很少见到类似场景。
根据皇室记录，正祖的母亲献敬王后对于如此宏伟的规模和惊人精确度的屏风感到非常高兴，她奖励了七位参与其中的画家。分别是崔得贤（최득현）、金得臣（김득신）、李命奎（이명규），张汉宗（장한종）（1768 - 1815），尹硕根（윤석근），许寔（허식）（1762 - ？）和李寅文（이인문）。
这些小组和山城的军事图之间的比较很有趣：庭园画家的重点似乎更多地针对文官(例如: 龙渊在何处?以及如何通过北暗门(북암문)到达这个池塘？)。而不是关注军事(例如东将台在图中消失了)。其中一个原因被认为是出于某种军事「机密」的考虑。
==重建和维修==
水原华城主要的重建工作是在1970年代进行，虽然在之后经过都定期维护。 在下列表中概括了各项重建的成本（韩圆₩）（来自京畿道的数据）。
* 直至2008年冬天水原市议会正在对城墙进行维护，而南门的屋顶正在进行彻底的拆除和重建。
* 直至2011年3月，东北空心炖开始进行维护工程
* 南水门的全面维护工作在2010年6月展开，实际闸长29.4米，宽5.9米，高9.3米。重开典礼是2012年6月9日。
==节日和表演==
水原华城有几个值得观看的表演和节日。大部分表演在行宫前面的广场进行，如下。
===周末表演===
在三月至十一月的每个星期六下午二时举行各种传统表演。
===武术表演===
二十四武术表演是按照正祖国王时代他所采用的惯例而进行的演示。二十四武术表演在1790年由李德木和朴齐家以及武术大家白东秀（백동수）制作武术教学的教科书，教科书大多内容是由朝鲜王朝的艺术所组成的。这些武术是由华城的士兵在壮勇营（장용엉）的监督下所练习的。示范活动由3月至11月11日（星期一除外）每天早上11时，而12月仅在星期六和星期日举行。
===皇家卫队仪式===
这个仪式是在重建十九世纪九十年代在华城的皇家卫队仪式，由被提拔为「训练守卫」（훈련수위）的皇室卫兵。当时在韩国最大的军营中有一万二千人守卫。当正祖国王于1789年将他父亲的遗体搬到水原时，他命名为显隆园（현륭원），并派兵从这个营中守卫新园址。1793年将水原城的名称从水原地改为华城，在墙内修建了一个附属于华城的壮勇营（장용엉）。根据华城的官方网站表示，这个表演将从3月到11月每个星期日的下午2点举行。
==虚构描述==
水原华城堡垒是韩国电视剧正祖暗杀之谜－8天的拍摄场地。该部电视剧描述1795年正祖为他母亲献敬王后60岁生日所组织的庆典，同时也纪念了他已故父亲庄献世子六十岁生日。
剧本是基于2006年由午世英（오세영）撰写的小说《远行2006》（원행）。剧中除虚构的元素之外，主要参考两个历史的来源。恨中录序列中许多部分被广泛使用，纪录在庄献世子死亡之前（1762年）的闪回部分，而朝鲜皇室图书馆的官方文件则用于1795年的建设华城的活动纪录文件：《园幸乙卯整理仪轨》（원행을묘뎡니의궤）以及关于华城整体的《华城城役仪轨》（화성성역의궤）p. 384-396。
==游览提示==
水原华城提供列车游城服务，它由一辆动力车和三辆乘用车组成。电动车的前部具有龙头的形式，象征著正祖国王的权威和强大的能力。乘客车类似于国王的轿车椅子，以显示皇家权威和方便观众游览沿途景色。