【克拉伦斯·托马斯】
克拉伦斯·托马斯（Clarence Thomas，），美国法学家。自1991年以来担任美国最高法院大法官，他是美国最高法院继瑟古德·马歇尔后第二位非裔美国人大法官，也是第一个于二战战后出生的大法官，他属于美国最高法院大法官的保守派。
== 背景 ==
托马斯出身贫寒，靠曾是黑奴后代的外祖父抚养长大。圣十字学院和耶鲁法学院毕业后，曾在教育部任职，1982年获罗纳德·里根总统任命为公平就业机会委员会（EEOC）主席。
== 大法官 ==
参见：Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination
1991年，老布什总统提名托马斯为大法官，接替另一位黑人法官瑟古德·马歇尔。
在美国参议院国会听证会的审批流程中，一份联邦调查局对托马斯在「美国公平就业机会委员会」（EEOC）的黑人女助理Anita Hill（法律教授）的询问笔录泄漏，其中安妮塔称托马斯在工作期间性骚扰她。在后来的国会听证会上，安妮塔指托马斯曾对她说过一些性暗示的话，让她感到压力和难堪，对她构成性骚扰。国会对其他工作人员的调查未能确认性骚扰的事实。
托马斯强烈反对堕胎和平权法案的立场，获得共和党、右翼的支持，但受到许多民主党及左翼的反对。最终美国参议院中以52比48票微小差距通过了托马斯的任命。41名共和党及11名民主党的参议员投下赞成票，46名民主党人及2名共和党参议员投反对票。
==相关影视==
*Confirmation (film)
*Anita Hill
== 参考文献 ==
== 延伸阅读 ==
* Cite book |last=Abraham |first=Henry J. |title=Justices, Presidents, and Senators: A History of the U.S. Supreme Court Appointments from Washington to Bush II |edition=5th |author-link=Henry J. Abraham |year=2007 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-0-7425-5895-3
* url=https://archive.org/details/structu_bro_2005_00_0271
* Cite journal |last=Carp |first=Dylan |title=Out of Scalia's Shadow |journal=Liberty |date=September 1998 |url=http://www.libertysoft.com/liberty/features/67carp.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213182727/http://www.libertysoft.com/liberty/features/67carp.html |archive-date=February 13, 2006
* Cite book |editor-last=Cushman |editor-first=Clare |title=The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 |edition=2nd |year=2001 |publisher=Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books |isbn=978-1-56802-126-3
* url=https://archive.org/details/justicesofunited0000unse
* Cite book|title=First Principles: The Jurisprudence of Clarence Thomas |url=https://archive.org/details/firstprinciplesj0000gerb |last=Gerber |first=Scott D |year=1999 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-3099-7|ref=none
* Cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |editor-last=Hall |editor-first=Kermit L. |editor-link=Kermit L. Hall |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-505835-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall
* ref=none
* cite web |title=Will Clarence Thomas Be the Court's Next Chief Justice? |last=Lazarus |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lazarus |date=January 6, 2005 |url=http://writ.news.findlaw.com/lazarus/20050106.html |work=FindLaw |access-date=May 15, 2010 |archive-date=August 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820043457/http://writ.news.findlaw.com/lazarus/20050106.html |url-status=live
* Cite book|title=Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas |url=https://archive.org/details/strangejusticese0000maye |last1=Mayer |first1=Jane |author-link1=Jane Mayer |last2=Abramson |first2=Jill |author-link2=Jill Abramson |year=1994 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |isbn=978-0-452-27499-0
* Cite book |title=The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography |last1=Martin |first1=Fenton S. |last2=Goehlert |first2=Robert U. |year=1990 |publisher=Congressional Quarterly Books |isbn=978-0-87187-554-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/ussupremecourtbi0000mart
* Cite journal|journal=Iowa Law Review |volume=90 |publisher=University of Iowa College of Law |page=931 |last=Onwuachi-Willig |first=Angela |author-link=Angela Onwuachi-Willig |date = January 2005|title=Just Another Brother on the SCT?: What Justice Clarence Thomas Teaches Us About the Influence of Racial Identity |ssrn=638281
* cite web |title=Touting Thomas: The Truth about America's Most Maligned Justice |last=Presser |first=Stephen B. |date=January–February 2005 |publisher=Legal Affairs |url=http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/January-February-2005/review_presser_janfeb05.msp |access-date=May 15, 2010 |archive-date=September 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925162030/http://legalaffairs.org/issues/January-February-2005/review_presser_janfeb05.msp |url-status=live
* Cite book|title=The Enigma of Clarence Thomas |last=Robin |first=Corey |author-link=Corey Robin |publisher=Metropolitan Books |year=2019 |location=New York |isbn=978-1-62779-383-4 |ref=none
* publisher=University Press of Kansas
* Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Andrew Peyton |author-link=Andrew Thomas (prosecutor) |year=2001 |title=Clarence Thomas: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/clarencethomasbi0000thom |publisher=Encounter Books |isbn=978-1-893554-36-8
* Cite book |last=Urofsky |first=Melvin I. |year=1994 |title=The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher=Garland Publishing |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8153-1176-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv
* Cite book |last1=Woodward |first1=Robert |author-link1=Bob Woodward |last2=Armstrong |first2=Scott |author-link2=Scott Armstrong (journalist) |year=1979 |title=The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court |title-link=The Brethren (non-fiction) |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-671-24110-0