【大鼠属】
大鼠属（学名：Rattus）又名家鼠属、大家鼠属、狭鼠属等等，是一个包括多种中型、长尾啮齿类物种，为鼠总科鼠科鼠亚科之下的一个属。
在人类生活环境中最常见的是黑鼠（R. rattus）与褐鼠（R. norvegicus）。在日常生活中，属于其他啮齿类科与属的物种亦有时被当作是大鼠，而这些物种跟大鼠属物种亦有多种特征相似。
==物种==
本属包括下列各物种：
** 黄胸鼠 Rattus flavipectus (Milne-Edwards, 1871)
*地位未定 incertae sedis
** Annandale's rat (Rattus annandalei) – Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore
** Enggano rat (Rattus enganus) – Indonesia
** Philippine forest rat (Rattus everetti) – the Philippines
** 波利尼西亚鼠（Rattus exulans）：生活于菲济及大多数波利尼西亚岛屿、纽西兰、复活节岛及夏威夷。
** Hainald's rat (Rattus hainaldi) – Indonesia
** Hoogerwerf's rat (Rattus hoogerwerfi) – Indonesia
** Korinch's rat (Rattus korinchi) – Indonesia
** †麦克礼鼠（Rattus macleari）：圣诞岛
** Nillu rat (Rattus montanus) – Sri Lanka
** Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat (Rattus morotaiensis) – Indonesia
** †牛犬鼠（Rattus nativitatis）：圣诞岛
** Kerala rat (Rattus ranjiniae) – India
** New Ireland forest rat (Rattus sanila)
** Andaman rat (Rattus stoicus) – Andaman Islands
** Timor rat (Rattus timorensis) – Timor
*R. norvegicus group
** 大足鼠（Rattus nitidus）：孟加拉、不丹、中国、印度、印尼、寮国、缅甸、尼泊尔、帛琉、菲律宾、泰国及越南
** 褐鼠（Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)）：除南极洲以外的全世界
** Turkestan rat (Rattus pyctoris; obs. Rattus turkestanicus) – Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, and Pakistan
*R. rattus group
** Sunburned rat (Rattus adustus) – Enggano Island, Indonesia
** 印支林鼠 (Rattus andamanensis) – Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam
** 银腹鼠（Rattus argentiventer）：东南亚
** 巴鲁大家鼠（Rattus baluensis）：马来西亚
** Aceh rat (Rattus blangorum)
** Nonsense rat (Rattus burrus) – India
** Hoffmann's rat (Rattus hoffmanni) – Indonesia
** Koopman's rat (Rattus koopmani) – Indonesia
** 黄毛鼠（Rattus losea (Swinhoe, 1871)）：中国、寮国、台湾、泰国及越南
** Mentawai rat (Rattus lugens) – Indonesia
** Mindoro black rat (Rattus mindorensis) – the Philippines
** Little soft-furred rat (Rattus mollicomulus) – Indonesia
** Osgood's rat (Rattus osgoodi) – Vietnam
** Palm rat (Rattus palmarum) – India
** 黑鼠 Rattus rattus：除南极洲以外的全世界
** Sahyadris forest rat (Rattus satarae)
** Simalur rat (Rattus simalurensis) – Indonesia
** 亚洲家鼠（Rattus tanezumi Temminck, 1844）：柬埔寨、中国、Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam
** Tawitawi forest rat (Rattus tawitawiensis) – the Philippines
** Malayan field rat (Rattus tiomanicus) – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand
*R. xanthurus group
** Bonthain rat (Rattus bontanus; obs. Rattus foramineus) – Indonesia
** Opossum rat (Rattus marmosurus) – Indonesia
** Peleng rat (Rattus pelurus) – Indonesia
** Southeastern xanthurus rat (Rattus salocco) - Indonesia
** Yellow-tailed rat (Rattus xanthurus) – Indonesia
*R. leucopus group (New Guinean group)
** Vogelkop mountain rat (Rattus arfakiensis)
** Western New Guinea mountain rat (Rattus arrogans)
** Sula rat (Rattus elaphinus) – Indonesia
** Spiny Ceram rat (Rattus feliceus) – Indonesia
** Giluwe rat (Rattus giluwensis) – Papua New Guinea
** Japen rat (Rattus jobiensis) – Indonesia
** Cape York rat (Rattus leucopus) – Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea
** Eastern rat (Rattus mordax) – Papua New Guinea
** Moss-forest rat (Rattus niobe) – Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
** New Guinean rat (Rattus novaeguineae) – Papua New Guinea
** Arianus's rat (Rattus omichlodes)
** Pocock’s highland rat (Rattus pococki)
** Large New Guinea spiny rat (Rattus praetor) – Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands
** Glacier rat (Rattus richardsoni) – Indonesia
** 小棘鼠 (Rattus steini) – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
** Van Deusen's rat (Rattus vandeuseni) – Papua New Guinea
** Slender rat (Rattus verecundus) – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
*R. fuscipes group (Australian group)
** Dusky rat (Rattus colletti) – Australia
** Bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) – Australia
** Australian swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) – Australia
** Dusky field rat (Rattus sordidus) – Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea
** Pale field rat (Rattus tunneyi) – Australia
** Long-haired rat (Rattus villosissimus) – Australia
==参看==
*鼠肉
* 东方鼠虱：蚤科
==参考文献==
==延伸阅读==
* Barnett, S. Anthony (2002) The Story of Rats: Their Impact on Us, and Our Impact on Them, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW, 202 pages, ISBN 1-86508-519-7.
* Hendrickson, R. (1983) More Cunning than Man: A Complete History of the Rat and its Role in Civilization, Kensington Books. ISBN 1-57566-393-7.
* Jahn, G. C., P. Cox, S. Mak, and N. Chhorn (1999) "Farmer participatory research on rat management in Cambodia", In G. Singleton, L. Hinds, H. Leirs and Zhibin Zhang Eds. Ecologically-based rodent management ACIAR, Canberra. Ch. 17, pp. 358–371. ISBN 1-86320-262-5.
*  pages = 21–26
*  Matthews, I. (1898).  Full Revelations of a Professional Rat-Catcher, after 25 Years’ Experience date=20201222195822 . 1st ed. Manchester: Friendly Societies Printing Co. ISBN 1-905124-64-3.
* Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 1993. "Family Muridae" in D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. "Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference", Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 501–755.
* Nowak, R. M. (1999) Walker's Mammals of the World Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
* Sullivan, Robert (2004). Rats: A Year with New York's Most Unwanted Inhabitants. Granta Books, London.
* Sullivan, Robert (2005). Rats: Observations on the History and Habitat of the City's Most Unwanted Inhabitants. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 1-58234-477-9.
==外部连结==
*  High-Resolution Images of the Rat Brain
*  National Bio Resource Project for the Rat in Japan
*  Rat Behaviour and Biologydate=20070410135419
*  Rat Genome Databasedate=20070316054502