【利哈乔夫汽车厂】
莫斯科利哈乔夫工厂股份有限公司（Завод имени Лихачёва），简称吉尔汽车厂（ЗиЛ, ZiL），是俄罗斯一家汽车与重型装备制造厂。有吉斯（ЗиС, ZiS）和吉尔（ЗиЛ, ZiL）两大汽车品牌，汽车技术更新换代较慢。
1916的建厂方案
==历史==
1915年从意大利菲亚特汽车厂引进卡车生产线，1916年沙俄建设的6家汽车厂之一，时称莫斯科汽车厂 (缩写为AMO，Автомобильное Московское Общество）。按许可证生产意大利菲亚特的F-15 1.5吨级卡车。虽然到1917年仅完成了三分之二的工程量，但这已是6家中进展最快的一家。由于随后的十月革命与俄国内战，该厂于1924年11月1日生产出第一辆车，AMO-F-15。1926年—1927年工厂只生产425辆汽车。1928年工厂年生产总量只有800辆。
1931年，苏联第一个五年计划期间，该厂得到美国A.J. Brandt Co.的技术改造, 美方还派专家赴苏现场指导，苏方也派人到美国汽车厂实习，援助中国一汽建厂的总专家（专家组组长）希格乔夫就曾在美国实习过。新建起巨大厂房，面积达120万平方米，工厂占地为500公倾，职工2.5万人，年产能力扩大到2.5万辆，1931年10月21日，新建工厂流水线投产。1931年10月1日起，“阿莫”工厂被命名为斯大林汽车厂（缩写为ZIS或ZiS，简称“吉斯”工厂）。1934年到1937年斯大林汽车厂又进行第二次扩建工程，生产新型的3NC—5载重车。1937年产量超过6万辆。1946年3月工厂进行第三次扩建改造，换型产品，新产品为“吉斯—150”，到1948年末日产达到250辆规模。
1956年6月24日，赫鲁晓夫反个人崇拜运动中，更名为利哈乔夫汽车厂，以其首任总经理Лихачёв, Иван Алексеевич命名。
==子公司==
生产越野牵引车与底盘，载重14-40吨。
==车型==
===豪华车===
* ZIS-101 (1936)仿制美国豪华轿车帕克德（Packard）制造出了供政府公务专用的8缸
* ZIS-102 (1938, convertible version of ZIS-101)
* ZIS-110 (1945年8月) 仿制美国1942年款“派克
超八”。一说该生产线是美国派克公司“派克180”的淘汰生产线。每年的产量只有十几辆手工定制车。“吉斯-110”还有敞篷版本。采用直列8缸汽油发动机，140匹马力，带同步器的3速手动变速箱，油耗为每百公里23升，最高车速能到达140公里。1958年停产时总产量为2083台。
* ZIS-115 (ZIS-110的防弹型，车身安装8mm厚的装甲，70mm厚的防弹玻璃，底盘也安装了装甲，能经受反步兵地雷的爆炸冲击，车厢内还有一道可升降的中隔玻璃。自重达到7.5吨。)
* ZIL-MZ (prototype sub-compact convertible, 1962)
* ZIL-111 (1958)
* ZIL-114 (1970)
* ZIL-115 (1972)
* ZIL-117 (1972, shortened ZIL-114)
* ZIL-4102 (prototype, 1988)
* ZIL-4104 (1978)
* ZIL-4105 (1988, armoured version of ZIL-41047)
* ZIL-41041 (1985, five-seat version of ZIL-41047)
* ZIL-41042 (station wagon version of ZIL-4104)
* ZIL-41044 (convertible version of ZIL-4104)
* ZIL-41045 (1983, upgraded ZIL-4104)
* ZIL-41047 (1985)
* ZIL-41072 (1988, escort version of ZIL-41047)
* ZIL-4112 (2005?, concept)
* ZIL-4112R (2012)
===卡车===
ZIL 130
ZIL 5301
ZIL 4331
fire truck AC 3.2-40 (ZiL-4331)
fire truck AC 3,0-40 (ZiL-4334)
* AMO-怀特：建厂后依靠维修美国怀特（White）卡车的过程中所积累的经验，自己开始生产载质量为3t的卡车。使用了该厂自己生产的部件及总成，其中一些还是由该厂设计的。
* AMO F-15 (1924, 菲亚特F-15的生产许可证)4缸化油器式水冷发动机，使用了磁石点火系统。4挡变速箱。后桥横梁与传动轴壳体设计成一个部件。为了防止车轮内胎的磨损加剧，该车型前轮的半轴角度设计为178°。原来变速器的操作杆及手刹均设置在驾驶室外侧，之后该厂对其作了改动，把它们移至靠近司机的地方，并新配备了蓄电池照明系统及喇叭。
* AMO-2 (1930)采用进口的汽车零部件，掌握了生产AMO-2型军用卡车的技术
* AMO-3 (1931)
* AMO-7 (1932, prototype tractor-trailer based on AMO-3)
* ZIS-5：1934年，AMO-3使用了一些新的更为先进的零部件，重新命名为吉斯（ZIS）-5型。可靠性强、维修便利、耐低温性好，6缸化油器发动机，带有蓄电池点火系统。干式双片离合器、4挡变速箱、双级主传动器以及机械传动式刹车装置。1944年，乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂生产的吉斯-5卡车投产，配备了56kW发动机以及轮胎压力更大的新型轮胎。至1948年停产，共生产了532311辆。
* ZIS-6 (1934, 引进了美国Autocar的Dispatch Model SA and Model SD)
* ZIS-10 (1934, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-5)
* ZIS-11 (1934, extra long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
* ZIS-12 (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
* ZIS-13 (1936, gas generator version of ZIS-5)
* ZIS-14 (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
* ZIS-15 (prototype replacement for ZIS-5, 1938)
* ZIS-21 (1939-1941, based on ZIS-5 but powered by wood gas)
* ZIS-22 (半履带车, 1939-1941, based on the ZIS-5)
* ZIS-23 (three axle prototype based on the ZIS-15)
* ZIS-24 (four-wheel-drive prototype based on the ZIS-15)
* ZIS-30 (1940, multifuel version of ZIS-5)
* ZIS-32 (1941, 4x4 version of the ZIS-5)
* ZIS-33 (1940, halftrack, based on the ZIS-5)
* ZIS-36 (1944, prototype 6x6 version of ZIS-5)
* ZIS-41 (1940, simplified version of ZIS-21)
* ZIS-42 (Halftrack, 1942-1944, based on the ZIS-5)
* ZIS-43 (1944, armed version of ZIS-42)
* ZIS-50 (1946, re-engined ZIS-5)
* ZIS-120N (1956, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-150)
* ZIS-121 (tractor-trailer version of ZIS-151)
* ZIS-128 (1954, prototype for ZIL-131)
* ZIS-E134 (1955, prototype off road vehicle)
* ZIS-150 (1947，中国引进后为CA-10)
* ZIS-151 (1948, ZIS-150的3轴全驱越野型，中国的对应车型为CA-30
)
* ZIS-153 (1952?, prototype halftrack based on ZIS-151)
* ZIS-156 (1947, gas generator version of ZIS-150)
* ZIS-253 (prototype)
* ZIS-585 (1949, dump-truck version of ZIS-150)
* ZIL-130 (1962, 1987年生产转移给乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂
* ZIL-131 (1967,3轴全驱越野型，防水发电机、密封性好的起动机以及屏蔽和密封良好的发动机点火系统，能用于气温在零下40℃至零上55℃。保有量较大，在俄罗斯随处可见。1987年生产转移给乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂
* ZIL-132 (1960, prototype off road vehicle)
* ZIL-133 (1975, three-axle version of ZIL-130)
* ZIL-134 (1957, prototype off road vehicle)
* ZIL-135 (1959, prototype off road vehicle) - later built by BAZ
* ZIL-136 (1957, prototype off road vehicle)
* ZIL-137 (prototype off road tractor-trailer based on ZIL-131)
* ZIL-138 (1975, LPG powered version of ZIL-130)
* ZIL-157军卡 (1958，3轴全驱越野型ZiS-150的改进型，具有了轮胎压力中央控制系统)
* ZIL-157R (1957, prototype off road vehicle based on ZIL-157)
* ZIL-164 (1957, improved ZIS-150)
* ZIL-164N (1957, tractor trailer version of ZIL-164)
* ZIL-165 (1958, prototype for ZIL-131)
* ZIL-166 (1957, gas generator version of ZIL-164)
* ZIL-E-167 (1962?)
* ZIL-169G (prototype for ZIL-4331)
* ZIL-E169A (1964, prototype cab-over truck)
* ZIL-170 (1969, prototype for KAMAZ-5320)
* ZIL-175 (1969, two-axle version of ZIL-170, prototype for Kamaz)
* ZIL-485 (amphibious vehicle based on ZIS-151)
* ZIL-553 (cement mixer based on ZIL-164)
* ZIL-555 (1964, dump truck based on ZIL-130)
* ZIL-585 (1957, dump truck based on ZIL-164)
* ZIL-2502 (dump truck based on ZIL-5301)
* ZIL-3302 (1992, prototype truck based on ZIL-119)
* ZIL-3906
* ZIL-4305 (1983, prototype truck based on ZIL-4104)
* ZIL-4327 (2004?)
* ZIL-4331 (1986)
* ZIL-4334 (2004)
* ZIL-4514 (dump truck based on ZIL-133)
* ZIL-4972
* ZIL-5301 "Bychok" ("Bull") (1992)
* ZIL-5901 (1970)
* ZIL-6404 (1996)
* ZIL-6309 (1999)
* ZIL-6409 (1999)
* ZIL-432720
* ZIL-432930 (2003)
* ZIL-433180 (2003)
* ZIL-436200 (2009)
===大客车===
interurban bus ZIS-127
ZIL-119
* AKZ-1 (1947-1948, based on ZIS-150 truck)
* AMO-4 (1932-1934, based on the AMO-3)
* ZIS-lux (prototype, based on the ZIS-6, 1934)
* ZIS-8 (1934-1938, 基于ZIS-11)
* ZIS-16 (1938-1942, 基于ZIS-5)
* ZIS-17 (prototype, based on the ZIS-15, 1939)
* ZIS-44 (based on the ZIS-5)
* ZIS-127 (1955-1961)
* ZIL-129 (short-range version of ZIS-127)
* ZIS-154 (1946–1950)
* ZIS-155 (1949–1957)
* ZIL-118 "Yunost" (1962-1970, based on ZIL-111)
* ZIL-119 (1971-1994, based on ZIL-118; also called ZIL-118K)
* ZIL-158 (1957-1959, based on ZIL-164)
* ZIL-159 (1959, prototype for LiAZ)
* ZIL-3207 (1991-1999, based on ZIL-41047)
* ZIL-3250 (1998-present, based on ZIL-5301)
===运动型车===
ZIS-112 Sports
* ZIS-101 Sport (1939)
* ZIS-112/1 (1951, based on ZIS-110)
* ZIS-112/2 (1956)
* ZIS-112/3 (1956)
* ZIL-112/4 (1957)
* ZIL-112/5 (1957, lengthened ZIL-112/4)
* ZIL-112 Sports (1960–62)
* ZIL-412 S (1962)
===其它===
Edward T. Lu, having landed with Soyuz TMA-2, is being recovered with a ZIL-49061 vehicle.
* B-3 half-tracked transporter
* ZIS-152 armored personnel carrier
* PES-1 amphibious vehicle (1966)
* ZIL-PKU-1 pneumatic tracked off-road vehicle (1965)
* ZIL-SHN-1 Amphibious Screw Vehicle (1968)
* ZIL-29061 Amphibious Screw Vehicle
* ZIL-4904 Amphibious Screw Vehicle
* ZIL-49042 prototype for "Bluebird" (1973)
* ZIL-4906 (1975?) "Bluebird" 6-wheeled amphibious vehicle, designed to carry the ZIL-2906. Used for the recovery of Soyuz capsules.
* ZIL-49061 (1975?) Amphibious rescue vehicle, passenger version of the ZIL-4906. Used for the recovery of Soyuz crews.