【乳杆菌属】
乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）即为乳酸杆菌，是一种存在于人类体内的益生菌。乳杆菌因能够将碳水化合物发酵成乳酸而得名，可用于制造液态酸奶、固态奶酪、德国酸菜、啤酒、葡萄酒、泡菜、腌渍食品和其他发酵食品。益生菌能够帮助消化，有助人体肠脏的健康，因此酸奶被视为健康食品。
== 物种 ==
本属包括以下物种：
* 耐酸乳杆菌 Lactobacillus acetotolerans Entani et al., 1986
* Lactobacillus acidifarinae Vancanneyt et al., 2005
* Lactobacillus acidipiscis Tanasupawat et al., 2000
* 嗜酸乳杆菌 Lactobacillus acidophilus (Moro, 1900) Hansen & Mocquot, 1970，嗜酸杆菌
* 嗜酸产气乳杆菌 Lactobacillus acidophil-aerogenes，嗜酸产气杆菌，嗜酸产气乳杆菌
* 嗜酸病原乳杆菌 Lactobacillus acidophilus-pathogenes
* 敏捷乳杆菌 Lactobacillus agilis Weiss et al., 1982
* 嗜醇乳杆菌 Lactobacillus alcoholphilus
* Lactobacillus algidus Kato et al., 2000
* Lactobacillus alimentarius
* Lactobacillus amylolyticus Bohak et al., 1999
* Lactobacillus amylophilus Nakamura & Crowell, 1981
* Lactobacillus amylovorus Nakamura, 1981
* Lactobacillus animalis Dent & Williams, 1983
* Lactobacillus antri Roos et al., 2005
* Lactobacillus apinorum Olofsson et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus apis Killer et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus apodemi Osawa et al., 2006
* Lactobacillus aquaticus Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus aviarius Fujisawa et al., 1985
* Lactobacillus backii Tohno et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus bifermentans
* Lactobacillus bombi Killer et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus bombicola Praet et al., 2015
* Lactobacillus brantae Volokhov et al., 2012
* 短乳杆菌 Lactobacillus brevis (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1934
* Lactobacillus buchneri (Henneberg, 1903) Bergey et al., 1923
* Lactobacillus cacaonum De Bruyne et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus camelliae Tanasupawat et al., 2007
* Lactobacillus capillatus Chao et al., 2008
* 干酪乳杆菌 Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen, 1916) Hansen & Lessel, 1971
* Lactobacillus caviae Killer et al., 2017
* Lactobacillus cerevisiae Koob et al., 2017
* Lactobacillus ceti Monteros, Goyache, Herraez, Tames, Cruz, Dominguez & Fernandez-Garayzabal, 2008
* Lactobacillus ceti Vela et al., 2008
* Lactobacillus coleohominis Nikolaitchouk et al., 2001
* Lactobacillus colini Zhang et al., 2017
* Lactobacillus collinoides Carr & Davies, 1972
* Lactobacillus composti Endo & Okada, 2007
* Lactobacillus concavus Tong & Dong, 2005
* Lactobacillus coryniformis Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965
* Lactobacillus crispatus (Brygoo & Aladame, 1953) Moore & Holdeman, 1970
* Lactobacillus crustorum Scheirlinck et al., 2007
* Lactobacillus curieae Lei et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus curvatus (Troili-Petersson, 1903) Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965
* 德氏乳杆菌 (L.delbrueckii)
** 德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus，保加利亚乳杆菌
** 德氏乳杆菌指名亚种 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii
** Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis
* Lactobacillus dextrinicus (Coster & White, 1964) Haakensen et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus diolivorans Krooneman et al., 2002
* Lactobacillus equi Morotomi et al., 2002
* Lactobacillus equicursoris Morita et al., 2010
* Lactobacillus equigenerosi Endo et al., 2008
* Lactobacillus fabifermentans De Bruyne et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus faecis Endo et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus farciminis
* Lactobacillus farraginis Endo & Okada, 2007
* 发酵乳杆菌 Lactobacillus fermentum Beijerinck, 1901
* Lactobacillus floricola Kawasaki et al., 2011
* Lactobacillus florum Endo et al., 2010
* Lactobacillus formosensis Chang et al., 2015
* Lactobacillus fornicalis Dicks et al., 2000
* Lactobacillus fructivorans Charlton et al., 1934
* Lactobacillus frumenti Müller et al., 2000
* Lactobacillus fuchuensis Sakala et al., 2002
* Lactobacillus furfuricola Irisawa et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus futsaii Chao et al., 2012
* Lactobacillus gallinarum Fujisawa et al., 1992
* 戈氏乳杆菌 Lactobacillus gasseri Lauer & Kandler, 1980
* Lactobacillus gastricus Roos et al., 2005
* 加纳乳杆菌 Lactobacillus ghanensis Nielsen et al., 2007
* Lactobacillus gigeriorum Cousin et al., 2012
* Lactobacillus gorillae Tsuchida et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus graminis Beck et al., 1989
* Lactobacillus hammesii Valcheva et al., 2005
* Lactobacillus hamsteri Mitsuoka & Fujisawa, 1988
* 哈尔滨乳杆菌 Lactobacillus harbinensis Miyamoto et al., 2006
* Lactobacillus hayakitensis Morita et al., 2007
* 黑龙江乳杆菌 Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis Gu et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus helsingborgensis Olofsson et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus helveticus (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1925
* Lactobacillus herbarum Mao et al., 2015
* Lactobacillus hilgardii Douglas & Cruess, 1936
* Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis Tohno et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus hominis Cousin et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus hordei Rouse et al., 2008
* 惰性乳杆菌 Lactobacillus iners Falsen et al., 1999
* Lactobacillus ingluviei Baele et al., 2003
* Lactobacillus insicii Ehrmann et al., 2016
* Lactobacillus intestinalis
* Lactobacillus iwatensis Tohno et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus ixorae Techo et al., 2016
* Lactobacillus jensenii Gasser et al., 1970
* 约翰逊乳杆菌 Lactobacillus johnsonii Fujisawa et al., 1992
* Lactobacillus kalixensis Roos et al., 2005
* Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens Fujisawa et al., 1988
* Lactobacillus kefiri Kandler & Kunath, 1983
* Lactobacillus kimbladii
* Lactobacillus kimchicus Liang et al., 2011
* Lactobacillus kimchiensis Kim et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus kisonensis Watanabe et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus kitasatonis Mukai et al., 2003
* 朝鲜乳杆菌 Lactobacillus koreensis Bui et al., 2011
* Lactobacillus kullabergensis Olofsson et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus kunkeei Edwards et al., 1998
* Lactobacillus lindneri
* Lactobacillus malefermentans
* Lactobacillus mali Carr & Davies, 1970
* Lactobacillus manihotivorans Morlon-Guyot et al., 1998
* Lactobacillus mellifer Olofsson et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus mellis Olofsson et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus melliventris Olofsson et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus mindensis Ehrmann et al., 2003
* Lactobacillus mixtipabuli Tohno et al., 2015
* Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans Miyashita et al., 2015
* Lactobacillus mucosae Roos et al., 2000
* 牡丹江乳杆菌 Lactobacillus mudanjiangensis Gu et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus mulieris
* Lactobacillus murinus Hemme et al., 1982
* Lactobacillus nagelii Edwards et al., 2000
* Lactobacillus namurensis Scheirlinck et al., 2007
* Lactobacillus nantensis Valcheva et al., 2006
* Lactobacillus nasuensis Cai et al., 2012
* 嫩江乳杆菌 Lactobacillus nenjiangensis Gu et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus nodensis Kashiwagi et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus odoratitofui Chao et al., 2010
* Lactobacillus oeni Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus oligofermentans Koort et al., 2005
* Lactobacillus oris Farrow & Collins, 1988
* Lactobacillus oryzae Tohno et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus otakiensis Watanabe et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus ozensis Kawasaki et al., 2011
* Lactobacillus panis Wiese et al., 1996
* Lactobacillus panisapium
* Lactobacillus pantheris Liu & Dong, 2002
* Lactobacillus parabrevis Vancanneyt et al., 2006
* Lactobacillus parabuchneri Farrow et al., 1989
* Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al., 1989
* Lactobacillus paracollinoides Suzuki et al., 2004
* Lactobacillus parafarraginis Endo & Okada, 2007
* Lactobacillus paragasseri
* Lactobacillus parakefiri Takizawa et al., 1994
* Lactobacillus paralimentarius Cai et al., 1999
* Lactobacillus paraplantarum Curk et al., 1996
* Lactobacillus pasteurii Cousin et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus paucivorans Ehrmann et al., 2010
* Lactobacillus pentosiphilus Tohno et al., 2017
* Lactobacillus pentosus
* Lactobacillus perolens Back et al., 2000
* Lactobacillus plajomi Miyashita et al., 2015
* 植物乳杆菌 Lactobacillus plantarum (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1923
* Lactobacillus pobuzihii Chen et al., 2010
* Lactobacillus pontis Vogel et al., 1994
* Lactobacillus porci
* Lactobacillus porcinae Nguyen et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus psittaci Lawson et al., 2001
* Lactobacillus rapi Watanabe et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus rennini Chenoll et al., 2006
* Lactobacillus reuteri Kandler et al., 1982
* 鼠李糖乳杆菌 Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Hansen, 1968) Collins et al., 1989
* Lactobacillus rodentium Killer et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus rogosae Holdeman & Moore, 1974
* Lactobacillus rossiae Corsetti et al., 2005
* Lactobacillus ruminis Sharpe et al., 1973
* Lactobacillus saerimneri Pedersen & Roos, 2004
* Lactobacillus sakei Katagiri et al., 1934
* 唾液乳杆菌 Lactobacillus salivarius Rogosa et al., 1953
* 旧金山乳杆菌 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis
* Lactobacillus saniviri Oki et al., 2012
* Lactobacillus satsumensis Endo & Okada, 2005
* Lactobacillus secaliphilus Ehrmann et al., 2007
* Lactobacillus selangorensis (Leisner et al., 2000) Haakensen et al., 2011
* Lactobacillus senioris Oki et al., 2012
* Lactobacillus senmaizukei Hiraga et al., 2008
* Lactobacillus sharpeae Weiss et al., 1982
* 深圳乳杆菌 Lactobacillus shenzhenensis Zou et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus sicerae Puertas et al., 2014
* Lactobacillus silagei Tohno et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus silagincola Tohno et al., 2017
* Lactobacillus siliginis Aslam et al., 2006
* 相似乳杆菌 Lactobacillus similis Kitahara et al., 2010
* 松花江乳杆菌 Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis Gu et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus spicheri Meroth et al., 2004
* Lactobacillus suantsaicola Lin et al., 2020
* Lactobacillus sucicola Irisawa & Okada, 2009
* Lactobacillus suebicus Kleynmans et al., 1989
* Lactobacillus sunkii Watanabe et al., 2009
* 台湾乳杆菌 Lactobacillus taiwanensis Wang et al., 2009
* 泰国乳杆菌 Lactobacillus thailandensis Tanasupawat et al., 2007
* Lactobacillus tucceti Chenoll et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus ultunensis Roos et al., 2005
* Lactobacillus uvarum Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009
* Lactobacillus vaccinostercus Kozaki & Okada, 1983
* Lactobacillus vaginalis Embley et al., 1989
* Lactobacillus versmoldensis Kröckel et al., 2003
* Lactobacillus vespulae Hoang et al., 2015
* Lactobacillus vini Rodas et al., 2006
* Lactobacillus wasatchensis Oberg et al., 2016
* 襄樊乳杆菌 Lactobacillus xiangfangensis Gu et al., 2012
* Lactobacillus xujianguonis
* Lactobacillus yonginensis Yi et al., 2013
* Lactobacillus zeae
* Lactobacillus zymae Vancanneyt et al., 2005