id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10,312,687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricity | Lubricity is the measure of the reduction in friction and/or wear by a lubricant. The study of lubrication and wear mechanisms is called tribology.
Measurement of lubricity
The lubricity of a substance is not a material property, and cannot be measured directly. Tests are performed to quantify a lubricant's performanc... | Lubricity | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 342 | [
"Tribology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Materials science",
"Surface science",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
10,313,131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle%20K.%20Plyler%20Prize | The Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics is a prize that has been awarded annually by the American Physical Society since 1977. The recipient is chosen for "notable contributions to the field of molecular spectroscopy and dynamics". The prize is named after Earle K. Plyler, who was a leading ex... | Earle K. Plyler Prize | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 146 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Chemistry awards",
"Science and technology awards",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
436,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond%20Light%20Source | Diamond Light Source (or Diamond) is the UK's national synchrotron light source science facility located at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire.
Its purpose is to produce intense beams of light whose special characteristics are useful in many areas of scientific research. In particular it can be ... | Diamond Light Source | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,478 | [
"Materials testing",
"Synchrotron radiation facilities"
] |
436,166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-frequency%20oscillator | A variable frequency oscillator (VFO) in electronics is an oscillator whose frequency can be tuned (i.e., varied) over some range. It is a necessary component in any tunable radio transmitter and in receivers that work by the superheterodyne principle. The oscillator controls the frequency to which the apparatus is tun... | Variable-frequency oscillator | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,210 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Wireless tuning and filtering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Electronic design",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design",
"Communication circuits"
] |
437,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20stress | Shear stress (often denoted by , Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section. Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cr... | Shear stress | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,597 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Quantity",
"Shear strength",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
437,861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20spectroscopy | In physics, atomic spectroscopy is the study of the electromagnetic radiation absorbed and emitted by atoms. Since unique elements have unique emission spectra, atomic spectroscopy is applied for determination of elemental compositions. It can be divided by atomization source or by the type of spectroscopy used. In th... | Atomic spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,356 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
438,040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret%20Mechanical%20Theatre | Cabaret Mechanical Theatre is an English organisation that mounts exhibitions around the world of contemporary automata by a collective of artists. Founded by Sue Jackson, the group played a central role in the revival of automata from the 1970s onwards,
and Jackson championed the idea of automata as a form of contempo... | Cabaret Mechanical Theatre | [
"Engineering"
] | 240 | [
"Automata (mechanical)",
"Automation"
] |
438,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossby%20wave | Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a type of inertial wave naturally occurring in rotating fluids. They were first identified by Sweden-born American meteorologist Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby in the Earth's atmosphere in 1939. They are observed in the atmospheres and oceans of Earth and other planets, owing ... | Rossby wave | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,213 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Atmospheric dynamics",
"Waves",
"Motion (physics)",
"Civil engineering",
"Physical oceanography",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
439,171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergmann%27s%20rule | Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that, within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions. The rule derives from the relationship between size in linear dim... | Bergmann's rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,879 | [
"Organism size",
"Biological rules",
"Ecogeographic rules",
"Thermodynamics",
"Animal size",
"Laws of thermodynamics"
] |
439,202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20cyclotron%20resonance | Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) is a phenomenon observed in plasma physics, condensed matter physics, and accelerator physics. It happens when the frequency of incident radiation coincides with the natural frequency of rotation of electrons in magnetic fields. A free electron in a static and uniform magnetic field w... | Electron cyclotron resonance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,157 | [
"Waves in plasmas",
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Ion source",
"Materials science",
"Waves",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
1,802,096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake%20Shield%20Facility | Wake Shield Facility (WSF) was a NASA experimental science platform that was placed in low Earth orbit by the Space Shuttle. It was a diameter, free-flying stainless steel disk.
The WSF was deployed using the Space Shuttle's Canadarm. The WSF then used nitrogen gas thrusters to position itself about behind the Space... | Wake Shield Facility | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 680 | [
"Thin film deposition",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
1,802,169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20linear%20operator | In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a continuous linear operator or continuous linear mapping is a continuous linear transformation between topological vector spaces.
An operator between two normed spaces is a bounded linear operator if and only if it is a continuous linear operator.
Continuous l... | Continuous linear operator | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,386 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Theory of continuous functions",
"Mathematical objects",
"Linear operators",
"Topology",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
1,803,558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%2C4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one | 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one or piperonyl methyl ketone (MDP2P or PMK) is a chemical compound consisting of a phenylacetone moiety substituted with a methylenedioxy functional group. It is commonly synthesized from either safrole (which, for comparison, is 3-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-2-propene) or its isomer... | 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one | [
"Chemistry"
] | 337 | [
"Ketones",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Functional groups",
"Human drug metabolites"
] |
1,803,894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulative%20necrosis | Coagulative necrosis is a type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction. In coagulative necrosis, the architectures of dead tissue are preserved for at least a couple of days. It is believed that the injury denatures structural proteins as well as lysosomal enzymes, thus blocking the proteoly... | Coagulative necrosis | [
"Biology"
] | 778 | [
"Cellular processes",
"Necrosis"
] |
1,804,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseous%20necrosis | Caseous necrosis or caseous degeneration () is a unique form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance. Unlike with coagulative necrosis, tissue structure is destroyed. Caseous necrosis is enclosed within a granuloma. Caseous necrosis is most notably associated with tuberculoma. The dead tiss... | Caseous necrosis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 446 | [
"Necrosis",
"Cellular processes",
"Histopathology",
"Microscopy"
] |
1,804,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde%20inversion | In music theory, retrograde inversion is a musical term that literally means "backwards and upside down": "The inverse of the series is sounded in reverse order." Retrograde reverses the order of the motif's pitches: what was the first pitch becomes the last, and vice versa. This is a technique used in music, specifica... | Retrograde inversion | [
"Physics"
] | 408 | [
"Symmetry",
"Musical symmetry"
] |
1,804,451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Frank%20Whittle%20Medal | The Sir Frank Whittle Medal is awarded annually by the Royal Academy of Engineering to an engineer,
normally resident in the United Kingdom, for outstanding and sustained achievement which has contributed to the well-being of the nation. The field of activity in which the medal is awarded changes annually.
Named after... | Sir Frank Whittle Medal | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 99 | [
"Science and technology awards",
"Royal Academy of Engineering",
"National academies of engineering",
"Engineering awards"
] |
1,804,746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20version%20control | In software development, distributed version control (also known as distributed revision control) is a form of version control in which the complete codebase, including its full history, is mirrored on every developer's computer. Compared to centralized version control (cf. monorepo), this enables automatic management ... | Distributed version control | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,536 | [
"Software engineering",
"Version control"
] |
1,804,889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20network | An acoustic network is a method of positioning equipment using sound waves. It is primarily used in water, and can be as small or as large as required by the users specifications.
Size of network
The simplest acoustic network consists of one measurement resulting in a single range between sound source and sound recei... | Acoustic network | [
"Physics"
] | 385 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
1,804,907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodchipper | A tree chipper or woodchipper is a machine used for reducing wood (generally tree limbs or trunks) into smaller woodchips. They are often portable, being mounted on wheels on frames suitable for towing behind a truck or van. Power is generally provided by an internal combustion engine from . There are also high power ... | Woodchipper | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 1,348 | [
"Woodworking machines",
"Machines",
"Physical systems"
] |
1,805,832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilocalorie%20per%20mole | The kilocalorie per mole is a unit to measure an amount of energy per number of molecules, atoms, or other similar particles. It is defined as one kilocalorie of energy (1000 thermochemical gram calories) per one mole of substance. The unit symbol is written kcal/mol or kcal⋅mol−1. As typically measured, one kcal/mol... | Kilocalorie per mole | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 400 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Chemical quantities",
"Energy (physics)",
"Thermodynamics",
"Units of chemical measurement",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Physical chemistry stu... |
20,541,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PITZ | The Photo Injector Test Facility at the DESY location in Zeuthen (PITZ) was built in 2002 in order to test and optimize sources of high-brightness electron beams for future free-electron lasers (FELs) and linear colliders. The focus at PITZ is on the production of intense electron beams with very small transverse emitt... | PITZ | [
"Physics"
] | 167 | [
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
20,542,082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20environment | The internal environment (or milieu intérieur in French; ) was a concept developed by Claude Bernard, a French physiologist in the 19th century, to describe the interstitial fluid and its physiological capacity to ensure protective stability for the tissues and organs of multicellular organisms.
Etymology
Claude Bern... | Internal environment | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 2,643 | [
"Physiology",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Homeostasis",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
20,543,137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita%20persicina | Amanita persicina, commonly known as the peach-colored fly agaric, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Amanita with a peach-colored center. Until , the fungus was believed to be a variety of A. muscaria.
A. persicina is distributed in eastern North America. It is both poisonous and psychoactive.
Taxonomy
Amanita p... | Amanita persicina | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 764 | [
"Poisonous fungi",
"Fungi",
"Toxicology",
"Fungus species"
] |
20,545,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%207424 | NGC 7424 is a barred spiral galaxy located 37.5 million light-years away in the southern constellation Grus (the Crane). Its size (about 100,000 light-years) makes it similar to our own galaxy, the Milky Way.
It is called a "grand design" galaxy because of its well defined spiral arms. Two supernovae and two ultralumin... | NGC 7424 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 752 | [
"Grus (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
20,547,156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDMNES | The FDMNES program calculates the spectra of different spectroscopies related to the real or virtual absorption of x-ray in material. It gives the absorption cross sections of photons around the ionization edge, that is in the energy range of XANES. The calculation is performed with all conditions of rectilinear or cir... | FDMNES | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 246 | [
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Computational physics",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Computational physics stubs",
"Physics software"
] |
19,363,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20calculus | In mathematics, geometric calculus extends geometric algebra to include differentiation and integration. The formalism is powerful and can be shown to reproduce other mathematical theories including vector calculus, differential geometry, and differential forms.
Differentiation
With a geometric algebra given, let a... | Geometric calculus | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,693 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Calculus"
] |
19,364,010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20vaccinology | Reverse vaccinology is an improvement of vaccinology that employs bioinformatics and reverse pharmacology practices, pioneered by Rino Rappuoli and first used against Serogroup B meningococcus. Since then, it has been used on several other bacterial vaccines.
Computational approach
The basic idea behind reverse vaccin... | Reverse vaccinology | [
"Biology"
] | 1,282 | [
"Vaccination"
] |
19,370,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENBOL | In astronomy, CENBOL (derived from "CENtrifugal pressure supported BOundary Layer) is a model developed by the astrophysicist Sandip Chakrabarti and collaborators to explain the region of an accretion flow around a black hole.
Centrifugal force dominated boundary layer
Because centrifugal force l2/r3 increases very ... | CENBOL | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 605 | [
"Black holes",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Density",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
3,423,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20retention%20curve | Water retention curve is the relationship between the water content, θ, and the soil water potential, ψ. The soil moisture curve is characteristic for different types of soil, and is also called the soil moisture characteristic.
It is used to predict the soil water storage, water supply to the plants (field capacity)... | Water retention curve | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 780 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Soil physics",
"Materials science",
"Hysteresis"
] |
3,423,593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc%20permeameter | The disc permeameter is a field instrument used for measuring water infiltration in the soil, which is characterized by in situ saturated and unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. It is mainly used to provide estimates of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil near saturation.
History
Conventional techniques for meas... | Disc permeameter | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,225 | [
"Environmental instrumentation",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Soil physics"
] |
3,424,459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing%20%28materials%20science%29 | In metallurgy and materials science, annealing is a heat treatment that alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to increase its ductility and reduce its hardness, making it more workable. It involves heating a material above its recrystallization temperature, maintaining a suitable temperatu... | Annealing (materials science) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,413 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Metallurgical processes",
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry",
"nan",
"Polymers",
"Metal heat treatments"
] |
3,424,660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input%20shaping | In control theory, input shaping is an open-loop control technique for reducing vibrations in computer-controlled machines. The method works by creating a command signal that cancels its own vibration. That is, a vibration excited by previous parts of the command signal is cancelled by vibration excited by latter parts... | Input shaping | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 204 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Classical mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Dynamics (mechanics)",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical vibrations",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
3,424,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace%20architecture | Aerospace architecture is broadly defined to encompass architectural design of non-habitable and habitable structures and living and working environments in aerospace-related facilities, habitats, and vehicles. These environments include, but are not limited to: science platform aircraft and aircraft-deployable systems... | Aerospace architecture | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,262 | [
"Spacetime",
"Space",
"Aerospace",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
3,427,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium-doped%20lutetium%20orthovanadate | Ytterbium-doped lutetium orthovanadate, typically abbreviated Yb:LuVO4, is an active laser medium. The peak absorption cross section for the pi-polarization is 8.42×10−20 cm2 at 985 nm, and the stimulated emission cross section at 1020 nm is 1.03×10−20 cm².
See also
List of laser types
Further reading
Laser gain... | Ytterbium-doped lutetium orthovanadate | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 104 | [
"Crystallography",
"Crystals"
] |
3,427,657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill%27s%20spherical%20vortex | Hill's spherical vortex is an exact solution of the Euler equations that is commonly used to model a vortex ring. The solution is also used to model the velocity distribution inside a spherical drop of one fluid moving at a constant velocity through another fluid at small Reynolds number. The vortex is named after Mica... | Hill's spherical vortex | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 423 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,428,881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93nuclear%20dynamics | Electron–nuclear dynamics (END) covers a set of quantum chemical methods not using the Born-Oppenheimer representation. It considers the motion of the nuclei and the electrons on the same time scales. The method therefore considers the molecular Hamiltonian as a whole without trying to solve separately the Schrödinger ... | Electron–nuclear dynamics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 199 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
3,428,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density%20on%20a%20manifold | In mathematics, and specifically differential geometry, a density is a spatially varying quantity on a differentiable manifold that can be integrated in an intrinsic manner. Abstractly, a density is a section of a certain line bundle, called the density bundle. An element of the density bundle at x is a function that ... | Density on a manifold | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,132 | [
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Manifolds",
"Space (mathematics)"
] |
4,623,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular%20cardinals%20hypothesis | In set theory, the singular cardinals hypothesis (SCH) arose from the question of whether the least cardinal number for which the generalized continuum hypothesis (GCH) might fail could be a singular cardinal.
According to Mitchell (1992), the singular cardinals hypothesis is:
If κ is any singular strong limit cardina... | Singular cardinals hypothesis | [
"Mathematics"
] | 863 | [
"Numbers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Cardinal numbers",
"Infinity"
] |
4,623,969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20hydride | Calcium hydride is the chemical compound with the formula , an alkaline earth hydride. This grey powder (white if pure, which is rare) reacts vigorously with water, liberating hydrogen gas. is thus used as a drying agent, i.e. a desiccant.
is a saline hydride, meaning that its structure is salt-like. The alkali meta... | Calcium hydride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 649 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Reducing agents",
"Desiccants",
"Materials",
"Metal hydrides",
"Matter"
] |
4,623,988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemflow | In hydrology, stemflow is the flow of intercepted water down the trunk or stem of a plant. Stemflow, along with throughfall, is responsible for the transferral of precipitation and nutrients from the canopy to the soil. In tropical rainforests, where this kind of flow can be substantial, erosion gullies can form at the... | Stemflow | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,037 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
4,624,037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throughfall | In hydrology, throughfall is the process which describes how wet leaves shed excess water onto the ground surface. These drops have greater erosive power because they are heavier than rain drops. Furthermore, where there is a high canopy, falling drops may reach terminal velocity, about , thus maximizing the drop's ero... | Throughfall | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 182 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
4,624,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throughflow | In hydrology, throughflow, a subtype of interflow (percolation), is the lateral unsaturated flow of water in the soil zone, typically through a highly permeable geologic unit overlying a less permeable one. Water thus returns to the surface, as return flow, before or on entering a stream or groundwater. Once water infi... | Throughflow | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 148 | [
"Hydrology",
"Hydrogeology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
7,973,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfinsen%27s%20dogma | Anfinsen's dogma, also known as the thermodynamic hypothesis, is a postulate in molecular biology. It states that, at least for a small globular protein in its standard physiological environment, the native structure is determined only by the protein's amino acid sequence. The dogma was championed by the Nobel Prize La... | Anfinsen's dogma | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 797 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Protein structure",
"Structural biology",
"Molecular biology"
] |
7,974,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion%20transformation | In mathematical physics, inversion transformations are a natural extension of Poincaré transformations to include all conformal, one-to-one transformations on coordinate space-time. They are less studied in physics because, unlike the rotations and translations of Poincaré symmetry, an object cannot be physically trans... | Inversion transformation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 852 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Equations of physics",
"Conservation laws",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Geometry",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
7,975,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completely%20metrizable%20space | In mathematics, a completely metrizable space (metrically topologically complete space) is a topological space (X, T) for which there exists at least one metric d on X such that (X, d) is a complete metric space and d induces the topology T. The term topologically complete space is employed by some authors as a synonym... | Completely metrizable space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 790 | [
"General topology",
"Topology"
] |
7,976,609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphygmograph | The sphygmograph ( ) was a mechanical device used to measure blood pressure in the mid-19th century. It was developed in 1854 by German physiologist Karl von Vierordt (1818–1884). It is considered the first external, non-intrusive device used to estimate blood pressure.
The device was a system of levers hooked to a sc... | Sphygmograph | [
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 381 | [
"Physiological instruments",
"Medical equipment",
"Measuring instruments",
"Medical technology"
] |
7,977,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20economics | Engineering economics, previously known as engineering economy, is a subset of economics concerned with the use and "...application of economic principles" in the analysis of engineering decisions. As a discipline, it is focused on the branch of economics known as microeconomics in that it studies the behavior of indiv... | Engineering economics | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,144 | [
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Engineering economics",
"Cost engineering"
] |
7,977,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oily%20water%20separator%20%28marine%29 | An oily water separator (OWS) (marine) is a piece of equipment specific to the shipping or marine industry. It is used to separate oil and water mixtures into their separate components. This page refers exclusively to oily water separators aboard marine vessels. They are found on board ships where they are used to sepa... | Oily water separator (marine) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,669 | [
"Ocean pollution",
"Separation processes by phases",
"Water treatment",
"Liquid-liquid separation",
"Water pollution",
"Environmental engineering",
"Waste treatment technology"
] |
7,978,745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%E2%80%93air%20battery | Aluminium–air batteries (Al–air batteries) produce electricity from the reaction of oxygen in the air with aluminium. They have one of the highest energy densities of all batteries, but they are not widely used because of problems with high anode cost and byproduct removal when using traditional electrolytes. This has ... | Aluminium–air battery | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,141 | [
"Electrochemistry",
"Electrochemical cells"
] |
7,981,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%20rate | In telecommunication and information theory, the code rate (or information rate) of a forward error correction code is the proportion of the data-stream that is useful (non-redundant). That is, if the code rate is for every bits of useful information, the coder generates a total of bits of data, of which are redund... | Code rate | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 265 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science stubs",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Computing stubs"
] |
14,296,821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20meteoric%20water%20line | The Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) describes the global annual average relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotope (oxygen-18 [O] and deuterium [H]) ratios in natural meteoric waters. The GMWL was first developed in 1961 by Harmon Craig, and has subsequently been widely used to track water masses in environment... | Global meteoric water line | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 711 | [
"Hydrology",
"Isotopes of hydrogen",
"Isotopes",
"Environmental engineering",
"Isotopes of oxygen"
] |
14,297,190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20N.%20Klein%20II | Robert Nicholas "Bob" Klein II is a stem cell advocate. He initiated California Proposition 71, which succeeded in establishing the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, of which Klein was the chairman of the governing board.
Before getting involved in stem cell advocacy, he was a housing developer and lawye... | Robert N. Klein II | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 708 | [
"Translational medicine",
"Tissue engineering",
"Stem cell research"
] |
14,297,624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%20box%20binding%20protein%201 | Y box binding protein 1 also known as Y-box transcription factor or nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YBX1 gene. YBX1 is an RNA binding protein that stabilises messenger RNAs modified with N6-methyladenosine.
Clinical significance
YBX1 is a potential drug tar... | Y box binding protein 1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 180 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,300,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Steam%20House | The Steam House () is an 1880 Jules Verne novel recounting the travels of a group of British colonists in the Raj in a wheeled house pulled by a steam-powered mechanical elephant. Verne uses the mechanical house as a plot device to have the reader travel in nineteenth-century India. The descriptions are interspersed wi... | The Steam House | [
"Physics"
] | 2,167 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Steam power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
14,303,643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H6 | The molecular formula C8H6 (molar mass: 102.13 g/mol, exact mass: 102.0470 u) may refer to:
Benzocyclobutadiene
Pentalene
Phenylacetylene
Calicene, or triapentafulvalene
Cubene
Molecular formulas | C8H6 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 67 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
6,074,076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20entry | Viral entry is the earliest stage of infection in the viral life cycle, as the virus comes into contact with the host cell and introduces viral material into the cell. The major steps involved in viral entry are shown below. Despite the variation among viruses, there are several shared generalities concerning viral e... | Viral entry | [
"Biology"
] | 1,390 | [
"Viral life cycle"
] |
6,074,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Association%20of%20Oil%20%26%20Gas%20Producers | The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) is the petroleum industry's global forum in which members identify and share best practices to achieve improvements in health, safety, the environment, security, social responsibility, engineering and operations.
The association was formed in London in 1974 t... | International Association of Oil & Gas Producers | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,454 | [
"Petroleum industry",
"Petroleum",
"Petroleum organizations",
"International energy organizations",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Energy organizations"
] |
12,634,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20Reviews%20in%20Biomedical%20Engineering | Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Begell House covering biomedical engineering, bioengineering, clinical engineering, and related subjects. The editor-in-chief is Chenzhong Li.
External links
Biomedical engineering journals
Bimonthly journals
Eng... | Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 68 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Bioengineering stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Medical technology stubs",
"Medical technology"
] |
12,636,409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20pore%20glycoprotein%20p62 | Nuclear pore glycoprotein p62
is a protein complex associated with the nuclear envelope. The p62 protein remains associated with the nuclear pore complex-lamina fraction. p62 is synthesized as a soluble cytoplasmic precursor of 61 kDa followed by modification that involve addition of N-acetylglucosamine residues, follo... | Nuclear pore glycoprotein p62 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 707 | [
"Glycoproteins",
"Glycobiology"
] |
12,637,359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20dioxide%20scrubber | A carbon dioxide scrubber is a piece of equipment that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2). It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from exhaled air in life support systems such as rebreathers or in spacecraft, submersible craft or airtight chambers. Carbon dioxide scrubbers are also used in controlled atm... | Carbon dioxide scrubber | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,661 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Geoengineering",
"Scrubbers",
"Greenhouse gases",
"Carbon capture and storage",
"Carbon dioxide"
] |
12,637,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morin%20transition | The Morin transition (also known as a spin-flop transition) is a magnetic phase transition in α-Fe2O3 hematite where the antiferromagnetic ordering is reorganized from being aligned perpendicular to the c-axis to be aligned parallel to the c-axis below TM.
TM = 260K for Fe3+ in α-Fe2O3.
A change in magnetic propertie... | Morin transition | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 101 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic ordering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
12,641,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-harmonic%20imaging%20microscopy | Second-harmonic imaging microscopy (SHIM) is based on a nonlinear optical effect known as second-harmonic generation (SHG). SHIM has been established as a viable microscope imaging contrast mechanism for visualization of cell and tissue structure and function. A second-harmonic microscope obtains contrasts from varia... | Second-harmonic imaging microscopy | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,002 | [
"Optical microscopy",
"Cell imaging",
"Microscopy"
] |
2,497,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20algebra | In mathematics, an alternating algebra is a -graded algebra for which for all nonzero homogeneous elements and (i.e. it is an anticommutative algebra) and has the further property that (nilpotence) for every homogeneous element of odd degree.
Examples
The differential forms on a differentiable manifold form an... | Alternating algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 185 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
2,498,708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum%20hexafluoride | Platinum hexafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula PtF6, and is one of seventeen known binary hexafluorides. It is a dark-red volatile solid that forms a red gas. The compound is a unique example of platinum in the +6 oxidation state. With only four d-electrons, it is paramagnetic with a triplet ground sta... | Platinum hexafluoride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 484 | [
"Fluorinating agents",
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
2,498,855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermatrix | In mathematics and theoretical physics, a supermatrix is a Z2-graded analog of an ordinary matrix. Specifically, a supermatrix is a 2×2 block matrix with entries in a superalgebra (or superring). The most important examples are those with entries in a commutative superalgebra (such as a Grassmann algebra) or an ordinar... | Supermatrix | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,261 | [
"Super linear algebra",
"Mathematical objects",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
2,500,686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude%20%28astronomy%29 | In astronomy, magnitude is a measure of the brightness of an object, usually in a defined passband. An imprecise but systematic determination of the magnitude of objects was introduced in ancient times by Hipparchus.
Magnitude values do not have a unit. The scale is logarithmic and defined such that a magnitude 1 star... | Magnitude (astronomy) | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,896 | [
"Units of measurement",
"Physical quantities",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Quantity",
"Observational astronomy",
"Units of measurement in astronomy",
"Logarithmic scales of measurement",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
2,501,388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite%20furnace%20atomic%20absorption | Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), also known as electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS), is a type of spectrometry that uses a graphite-coated furnace to vaporize the sample. Briefly, the technique is based on the fact that free atoms will absorb light at frequencies or wavelengths ... | Graphite furnace atomic absorption | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 850 | [
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Absorption spectroscopy"
] |
2,501,818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotech%20Defenders | The Robotech Defenders are a line of scale model kits released by Revell during the early 1980s with an accompanying limited comic series published by DC Comics. Contrary to what their name seems to imply, the "'Robotech Defenders'" are not part of the Robotech anime universe adapted by Carl Macek and released by Harm... | Robotech Defenders | [
"Physics"
] | 2,306 | [
"Scale modeling"
] |
2,503,009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel%20projection | In three-dimensional geometry, a parallel projection (or axonometric projection) is a projection of an object in three-dimensional space onto a fixed plane, known as the projection plane or image plane, where the rays, known as lines of sight or projection lines, are parallel to each other. It is a basic tool in descri... | Parallel projection | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,967 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Functions and mappings",
"Graphical projections",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
20,556,903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs%20boson | The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the fields in particle physics theory. In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even (positiv... | Higgs boson | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 17,724 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Mass",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Phase transitions",
"Particle physics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Subatomic particles",
"Scalar physical quantities... |
20,556,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson | In particle physics, a boson ( ) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2, ...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spin (, , , ...). Every observed subatomic particle is either a boson or a f... | Boson | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 918 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Bosons",
"Materials science",
"Subatomic particles",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Atomic",
"Matter",
" and optical physics"
] |
20,558,229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTCS%20scheme | In numerical analysis, the FTCS (forward time-centered space) method is a finite difference method used for numerically solving the heat equation and similar parabolic partial differential equations. It is a first-order method in time, explicit in time, and is conditionally stable when applied to the heat equation. Wh... | FTCS scheme | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 497 | [
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Computational physics"
] |
20,564,439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical%20adsorption | Supercritical adsorption also referred to as the adsorption of supercritical fluids, is the adsorption at above-critical temperatures. There are different tacit understandings of supercritical fluids. For example, “a fluid is considered to be ‘supercritical’ when its temperature and pressure exceed the temperature and ... | Supercritical adsorption | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,519 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Surface science"
] |
740,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin | Elastin is a protein encoded by the ELN gene in humans and several other animals. Elastin is a key component in the extracellular matrix of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). It is highly elastic and present in connective tissue of the body to resume its shape after stretching or contracting. Elastin helps skin return t... | Elastin | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,430 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Synthetic materials",
"Elastomers",
"Senescence",
"Materials",
"Aging-related proteins",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
740,818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siding%20%28construction%29 | Siding or wall cladding is the protective material attached to the exterior side of a wall of a house or other building. Along with the roof, it forms the first line of defense against the elements, most importantly sun, rain/snow, heat and cold, thus creating a stable, more comfortable environment on the interior side... | Siding (construction) | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,092 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Timber framing",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Structural system",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Types of wall",
"Civil engineering",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
740,871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglesite | Anglesite is a lead sulfate mineral with the chemical formula PbSO4. It occurs as an oxidation product of primary lead sulfide ore, galena. Anglesite occurs as prismatic orthorhombic crystals and earthy masses, and is isomorphous with barite and celestine. It contains 74% of lead by mass and therefore has a high specif... | Anglesite | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 605 | [
"Luminescence",
"Luminescent minerals",
"Materials",
"Gemstones",
"Matter"
] |
740,872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20aluminosilicate | Calcium aluminosilicate, an aluminosilicate compound with calcium cations, most typically has formula CaAl2Si2O8.
In minerals, as a feldspar, it can be found as anorthite, an end-member of the plagioclase series.
Uses
As a food additive, it is sometimes designated E556. It is known to the FDA as, at under 2% by weigh... | Calcium aluminosilicate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 124 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Inorganic compound stubs"
] |
740,874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium%20sulfate | Barium sulfate (or sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is odorless and insoluble in water. It occurs in nature as the mineral barite, which is the main commercial source of barium and materials prepared from it. Its opaque white appearance and its hi... | Barium sulfate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,033 | [
"Inorganic pigments",
"Sulfates",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Salts"
] |
740,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium%20oxide | Barium oxide, also known as baria, is a white hygroscopic non-flammable compound with the formula BaO. It has a cubic structure and is used in cathode-ray tubes, crown glass, and catalysts. It is harmful to human skin and if swallowed in large quantity causes irritation. Excessive quantities of barium oxide may lead to... | Barium oxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 502 | [
"Oxides",
"Salts"
] |
740,885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20fluoride | Calcium fluoride is the inorganic compound of the elements calcium and fluorine with the formula CaF2. It is a white solid that is practically insoluble in water. It occurs as the mineral fluorite (also called fluorspar), which is often deeply coloured owing to impurities.
Chemical structure
The compound crystallizes... | Calcium fluoride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 746 | [
"Salts",
"Materials",
"Optical materials",
"Crystallography",
"Crystals",
"Fluorides",
"Matter"
] |
741,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary%20encoder | A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical device that converts the angular position or motion of a shaft or axle to analog or digital output signals.
There are two main types of rotary encoder: absolute and incremental. The output of an absolute encoder indicates the current shaft positi... | Rotary encoder | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,440 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electromechanical engineering",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline"
] |
741,036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%20scale | The Newton scale is a temperature scale devised by Isaac Newton in 1701. He called his device a "thermometer", but he did not use the term "temperature", speaking of "degrees of heat" () instead. Newton's publication represents the first attempt to introduce an objective way of measuring (what would come to be called) ... | Newton scale | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 580 | [
"Scales of temperature",
"Obsolete units of measurement",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Units of measurement"
] |
741,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent%20control | Intelligent control is a class of control techniques that use various artificial intelligence computing approaches like neural networks, Bayesian probability, fuzzy logic, machine learning, reinforcement learning, evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms.
Overview
Intelligent control can be divided into the fo... | Intelligent control | [
"Mathematics"
] | 429 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
741,114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton%20%28program%29 | Dalton (named after John Dalton) is an ab initio quantum chemistry computer program suite, consisting of the Dalton and LSDalton programs. The Dalton suite is capable of calculating various molecular properties using the Hartree–Fock, MP2, MCSCF and coupled cluster theories. Version 2.0 of DALTON added support for dens... | Dalton (program) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 135 | [
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
742,288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s%20law%20of%20induction | Faraday's law of induction (or simply Faraday's law) is a law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (emf). This phenomenon, known as electromagnetic induction, is the fundamental operating principle of transformers, inductors, and ma... | Faraday's law of induction | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,130 | [
"Electrodynamics",
"Maxwell's equations",
"Equations of physics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
742,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s%20laws%20of%20electrolysis | Faraday's laws of electrolysis are quantitative relationships based on the electrochemical research published by Michael Faraday in 1833.
First law
Michael Faraday reported that the mass () of a substance deposited or liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the charge (, for which the SI unit is the am... | Faraday's laws of electrolysis | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 678 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Scientific laws",
"Equations",
"Electrochemistry",
"Electrolysis",
"Electrochemical equations"
] |
742,352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative%20test | In calculus, a derivative test uses the derivatives of a function to locate the critical points of a function and determine whether each point is a local maximum, a local minimum, or a saddle point. Derivative tests can also give information about the concavity of a function.
The usefulness of derivatives to find extr... | Derivative test | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,808 | [
"Differential calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
742,477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%20polygon | In mathematics, the Newton polygon is a tool for understanding the behaviour of polynomials over local fields, or more generally, over ultrametric fields.
In the original case, the ultrametric field of interest was essentially the field of formal Laurent series in the indeterminate X, i.e. the field of fractions of th... | Newton polygon | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,649 | [
"Symmetry",
"Number theory",
"Symmetric functions",
"Algebraic number theory",
"Algebra"
] |
10,319,792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation%20%28cell%20biology%29 | Fragmentation describes the process of splitting into several pieces or fragments. In cell biology, fragmentation is useful for a cell during both DNA cloning and apoptosis. DNA cloning is important in asexual reproduction or creation of identical DNA molecules, and can be performed spontaneously by the cell or intenti... | Fragmentation (cell biology) | [
"Biology"
] | 1,547 | [
"Cell biology"
] |
10,320,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid%20Dynamics%20Prize%20%28APS%29 | The Fluid Dynamics Prize is a prize that has been awarded annually by the American Physical Society (APS) since 1979. The recipient is chosen for "outstanding achievement in fluid dynamics research". The prize is currently valued at . In 2004, the Otto Laporte Award—another APS award on fluid dynamics—was merged into t... | Fluid Dynamics Prize (APS) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 362 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
10,325,676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20functional | Hybrid functionals are a class of approximations to the exchange–correlation energy functional in density functional theory (DFT) that incorporate a portion of exact exchange from Hartree–Fock theory with the rest of the exchange–correlation energy from other sources (ab initio or empirical). The exact exchange energy ... | Hybrid functional | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 974 | [
"Density functional theory",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
19,377,279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20Doppler%20vibrometer | A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) is a scientific instrument that is used to make non-contact vibration measurements of a surface. The laser beam from the LDV is directed at the surface of interest, and the vibration amplitude and frequency are extracted from the Doppler shift of the reflected laser beam frequency due t... | Laser Doppler vibrometer | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,598 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Astrophysics",
"Size",
"Measurement",
"Measuring instruments",
"Doppler effects"
] |
19,377,694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20transition | The spin transition is an example of transition between two electronic states in molecular chemistry. The ability of an electron to transit from a stable to another stable (or metastable) electronic state in a reversible and detectable fashion, makes these molecular systems appealing in the field of molecular electroni... | Spin transition | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 790 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
19,378,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation%20theory | Representation theory is a branch of mathematics that studies abstract algebraic structures by representing their elements as linear transformations of vector spaces, and studies modules over these abstract algebraic structures. In essence, a representation makes an abstract algebraic object more concrete by describing... | Representation theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 6,739 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures",
"Representation theory"
] |
19,378,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotodynamic%20pump | A rotodynamic pump is a kinetic machine in which energy is continuously imparted to the pumped fluid by means of a rotating impeller, propeller, or rotor, in contrast to a positive-displacement pump in which a fluid is moved by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and forcing the trapped volume into the pump's discharge. ... | Rotodynamic pump | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,356 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Turbomachinery",
"Pumps"
] |
19,379,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric%20pipette | A volumetric pipette, bulb pipette, or belly pipette allows extremely accurate measurement (to four significant figures) of the volume of a solution. It is calibrated to deliver accurately a fixed volume of liquid.
These pipettes have a large bulb with a long narrow portion above with a single graduation mark as it i... | Volumetric pipette | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 348 | [
"Measuring instruments",
"Volumetric instruments",
"nan",
"Analytical chemistry stubs"
] |
19,385,079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20variable%20formulation | In orbital mechanics, the universal variable formulation is a method used to solve the two-body Kepler problem. It is a generalized form of Kepler's Equation, extending it to apply not only to elliptic orbits, but also parabolic and hyperbolic orbits common for spacecraft departing from a planetary orbit. It is also ap... | Universal variable formulation | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 686 | [
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Equations of astronomy"
] |
7,984,007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traced%20monoidal%20category | In category theory, a traced monoidal category is a category with some extra structure which gives a reasonable notion of feedback.
A traced symmetric monoidal category is a symmetric monoidal category C together with a family of functions
called a trace, satisfying the following conditions:
naturality in : for eve... | Traced monoidal category | [
"Mathematics"
] | 165 | [
"Monoidal categories",
"Mathematical structures",
"Category theory",
"Category theory stubs"
] |
7,984,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase%20traffic%20theory | Three-phase traffic theory is a theory of traffic flow developed by Boris Kerner between 1996 and 2002. It focuses mainly on the explanation of the physics of traffic breakdown and resulting congested traffic on highways. Kerner describes three phases of traffic, while the classical theories based on the fundamental di... | Three-phase traffic theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 7,375 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Industrial engineering",
"Transportation engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
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