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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
7,984,958	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatnagar%E2%80%93Gross%E2%80%93Krook%20operator	The Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook operator (abbreviated BGK operator) term refers to a collision operator used in the Boltzmann equation and in the lattice Boltzmann method, a computational fluid dynamics technique. It is given by the formula where is a local equilibrium value for the population of particles in the direct...	Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook operator	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	129	[ "Fluid dynamics stubs", "Computational fluid dynamics", "Computational physics", "Statistical mechanics", "Computational physics stubs", "Fluid dynamics" ]
7,989,919	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermomechanical%20analysis	Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. Thermomechanical analysis is a subdiscipline of the thermomechanometry (TM) technique. Related techniques and terminology Thermomechanometry...	Thermomechanical analysis	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	3,378	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Materials science", "nan" ]
7,990,093	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulation	In organic chemistry, annulation (; occasionally annelation) is a chemical reaction in which a new ring is constructed on a molecule. Examples are the Robinson annulation, Danheiser annulation and certain cycloadditions. Annular molecules are constructed from side-on condensed cyclic segments, for example helicenes a...	Annulation	[ "Chemistry" ]	257	[ "Ring forming reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
4,628,609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprotinin	The drug aprotinin (Trasylol, previously Bayer and now Nordic Group pharmaceuticals), is a small protein bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), or basic trypsin inhibitor of bovine pancreas, which is an antifibrinolytic molecule that inhibits trypsin and related proteolytic enzymes. Under the trade name Trasylol,...	Aprotinin	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,338	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
4,630,125	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20cell	An artificial cell, synthetic cell or minimal cell is an engineered particle that mimics one or many functions of a biological cell. Often, artificial cells are biological or polymeric membranes which enclose biologically active materials. As such, liposomes, polymersomes, nanoparticles, microcapsules and a number of o...	Artificial cell	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	6,035	[ "Synthetic biology", "Biological engineering", "Cell biology", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular genetics" ]
4,632,596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombieri%E2%80%93Vinogradov%20theorem	In mathematics, the Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem (sometimes simply called Bombieri's theorem) is a major result of analytic number theory, obtained in the mid-1960s, concerning the distribution of primes in arithmetic progressions, averaged over a range of moduli. The first result of this kind was obtained by Mark Barba...	Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	422	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Sieve theory", "Theorems in analytic number theory", "Combinatorics", "Theorems in number theory" ]
4,633,401	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease%20P	Ribonuclease P (, RNase P) is a type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA. RNase P is unique from other RNases in that it is a ribozyme – a ribonucleic acid that acts as a catalyst in the same way that a protein-based enzyme would. Its function is to cleave off an extra, or precursor, sequence of RNA on tRNA molecules. Fu...	Ribonuclease P	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,498	[ "Catalysis", "Ribozymes" ]
4,636,561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-transfer%20insulators	Charge-transfer insulators are a class of materials predicted to be conductors following conventional band theory, but which are in fact insulators due to a charge-transfer process. Unlike in Mott insulators, where the insulating properties arise from electrons hopping between unit cells, the electrons in charge-transf...	Charge-transfer insulators	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	462	[ "Quantum phases", "Electron", "Phases of matter", "Quantum mechanics", "Electronic band structures", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter" ]
33,516	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave	In physics, mathematics, engineering, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities. Periodic waves oscillate repeatedly about an equilibrium (resting) value at some frequency. When the entire waveform moves in one direction, it is said to be a trave...	Wave	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	6,778	[ "Physical phenomena", "Mathematical objects", "Differential equations", "Equations", "Waves", "Motion (physics)" ]
33,537	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing	A wing is a type of fin that produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodyn...	Wing	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,725	[ "Aerospace engineering", "Aerodynamics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
33,550	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood	Wood is a structural tissue/material found as xylem in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulosic fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in t...	Wood	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	9,683	[ "Plants", "Natural materials", "Building engineering", "Biodegradable materials", "Materials science", "Architecture", "Biodegradation", "Construction", "Materials", "Botany", "Wood sciences", "Matter", "Building materials" ]
33,629	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20interaction	In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, also called the weak force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation. It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioa...	Weak interaction	[ "Physics" ]	3,865	[ "Physical phenomena", "Force", "Weak interaction", "Physical quantities", "Fundamental interactions", "Particle physics", "Nuclear physics" ]
33,662	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20topology	In mathematics, weak topology is an alternative term for certain initial topologies, often on topological vector spaces or spaces of linear operators, for instance on a Hilbert space. The term is most commonly used for the initial topology of a topological vector space (such as a normed vector space) with respect to it...	Weak topology	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,583	[ "General topology", "Topology", "Space", "Geometry", "Spacetime" ]
33,691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20equation	The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynam...	Wave equation	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	5,911	[ "Physical phenomena", "Equations of physics", "Functions of space and time", "Mathematical objects", "Classical mechanics", "Equations", "Waves", "Wave mechanics", "Spacetime" ]
33,721	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly%20interacting%20massive%20particle	Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are hypothetical particles that are one of the proposed candidates for dark matter. There exists no formal definition of a WIMP, but broadly, it is an elementary particle which interacts via gravity and any other force (or forces) which is as weak as or weaker than the weak...	Weakly interacting massive particle	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	3,864	[ "Dark matter", "Hypothetical particles", "Unsolved problems in astronomy", "Physics experiments", "Concepts in astronomy", "Astroparticle physics", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Astrophysics", "Experimental physics", "Particle physics", "Subatomic particles", "Exotic matter", "Physics bey...
33,868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casorati%E2%80%93Weierstrass%20theorem	In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Casorati–Weierstrass theorem describes the behaviour of holomorphic functions near their essential singularities. It is named for Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass and Felice Casorati. In Russian literature it is called Sokhotski's theorem, because it was discovered inde...	Casorati–Weierstrass theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	823	[ "Articles containing proofs", "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Theorems in complex analysis" ]
33,894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheatstone%20bridge	A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. The primary benefit of the circuit is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements (in contrast with something like a simple...	Wheatstone bridge	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,035	[ "Electrical resistance and conductance", "Physical quantities", "Measuring instruments", "Impedance measurements", "Electrical meters" ]
34,151	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20crystallography	X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer can produce a thr...	X-ray crystallography	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	8,556	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "X-rays", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Protein methods", "Protein biochemistry", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Laboratory techniques in condensed matter physics", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Diffraction", "Condens...
34,417	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum%20game	Zero-sum game is a mathematical representation in game theory and economic theory of a situation that involves two competing entities, where the result is an advantage for one side and an equivalent loss for the other. In other words, player one's gain is equivalent to player two's loss, with the result that the net im...	Zero-sum game	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,439	[ "Game theory game classes", "Game theory", "Non-cooperative games" ]
34,420	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc	Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodic table. In some respects, zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements e...	Zinc	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	11,697	[ "Chemical elements", "Redox", "Alchemical substances", "Reducing agents", "Atoms", "Matter" ]
34,477	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziegler%E2%80%93Natta%20catalyst	A Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, is a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes (alpha-olefins). Two broad classes of Ziegler–Natta catalysts are employed, distinguished by their solubility: Heterogeneous supported catalysts based on titanium compounds are used in poly...	Ziegler–Natta catalyst	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,477	[ "Catalysis", "Catalysts", "Coordination complexes", "Coordination chemistry", "Materials science", "Polymer chemistry", "Chemical kinetics" ]
34,521	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%20notation	The Z notation is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems. It is targeted at the clear specification of computer programs and computer-based systems in general. History In 1974, Jean-Raymond Abrial published "Data Semantics". He used a notation that would later be taught in...	Z notation	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	718	[ "Software engineering", "Specification languages", "Z notation" ]
1,197,531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian%20system	A Hamiltonian system is a dynamical system governed by Hamilton's equations. In physics, this dynamical system describes the evolution of a physical system such as a planetary system or an electron in an electromagnetic field. These systems can be studied in both Hamiltonian mechanics and dynamical systems theory. Ove...	Hamiltonian system	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,157	[ "Hamiltonian mechanics", "Theoretical physics", "Classical mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
1,197,767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20interface%20material	A thermal interface material (shortened to TIM) is any material that is inserted between two components in order to enhance the thermal coupling between them. A common use is heat dissipation, in which the TIM is inserted between a heat-producing device (e.g. an integrated circuit) and a heat-dissipating device (e.g. a...	Thermal interface material	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	825	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Chemical equipment", "Materials science", "Thermodynamics", "Heat exchangers", "nan" ]
1,197,980	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downregulation%20and%20upregulation	In biochemistry, in the biological context of organisms' regulation of gene expression and production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus. The complementary proce...	Downregulation and upregulation	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,555	[ "Biochemistry", "Cell biology", "Genetics", "Molecular biology" ]
1,198,458	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling%20chip	A boiling chip, boiling stone, or porous bit anti-bumping granule is a tiny, unevenly shaped piece of substance added to liquids to make them boil more calmly. Boiling chips are frequently employed in distillation and heating. When a liquid becomes superheated, a speck of dust or a stirring rod can cause violent flash...	Boiling chip	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	283	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
1,198,956	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional%20convergence	In mathematics, a series or integral is said to be conditionally convergent if it converges, but it does not converge absolutely. Definition More precisely, a series of real numbers is said to converge conditionally if exists (as a finite real number, i.e. not or ), but A classic example is the alternating harmo...	Conditional convergence	[ "Mathematics" ]	232	[ "Sequences and series", "Functions and mappings", "Convergence (mathematics)", "Mathematical structures", "Series (mathematics)", "Calculus", "Mathematical objects", "Mathematical relations", "Integral calculus" ]
1,199,421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20multiplier	In electronics, a frequency multiplier is an electronic circuit that generates an output signal and that output frequency is a harmonic (multiple) of its input frequency. Frequency multipliers consist of a nonlinear circuit that distorts the input signal and consequently generates harmonics of the input signal. A sub...	Frequency multiplier	[ "Engineering" ]	1,884	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Communication circuits" ]
1,199,510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomaly-based%20intrusion%20detection%20system	An anomaly-based intrusion detection system, is an intrusion detection system for detecting both network and computer intrusions and misuse by monitoring system activity and classifying it as either normal or anomalous. The classification is based on heuristics or rules, rather than patterns or signatures, and attempts...	Anomaly-based intrusion detection system	[ "Engineering" ]	477	[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Computer networks engineering", "Computer network security" ]
1,200,324	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective%20available%20potential%20energy	In meteorology, convective available potential energy (commonly abbreviated as CAPE), is a measure of the capacity of the atmosphere to support upward air movement that can lead to cloud formation and storms. Some atmospheric conditions, such as very warm, moist, air in an atmosphere that cools rapidly with height, can...	Convective available potential energy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	2,586	[ "Physical quantities", "Chemical engineering", "Quantity", "Meteorological quantities", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
1,200,465	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20agonist	In pharmacology, an inverse agonist is a drug that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that of the agonist. A neutral antagonist has no activity in the absence of an agonist or inverse agonist but can block the activity of either; they are in fact sometimes calle...	Inverse agonist	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,004	[ "Receptor agonists", "Pharmacology", "Neurochemistry", "Pharmacodynamics" ]
1,200,537	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comodule	In mathematics, a comodule or corepresentation is a concept dual to a module. The definition of a comodule over a coalgebra is formed by dualizing the definition of a module over an associative algebra. Formal definition Let K be a field, and C be a coalgebra over K. A (right) comodule over C is a K-vector space M ...	Comodule	[ "Mathematics" ]	627	[ "Mathematical structures", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Algebraic structures", "Coalgebras", "Module theory" ]
1,201,310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accumulated%20cyclone%20energy	Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) is a metric used to compare overall activity of tropical cyclones, utilizing the available records of windspeeds at six-hour intervals to synthesize storm duration and strength into a single index value. The ACE index may refer to a single storm or to groups of storms such as those with...	Accumulated cyclone energy	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,857	[ "Quantity", "Physical quantities", "Meteorological quantities" ]
1,201,321	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition%20principle	The superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually. So that if input A produces response X, and input B produces response Y, then inpu...	Superposition principle	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,349	[ "Physical phenomena", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Waves", "Motion (physics)", "Mathematical physics" ]
1,201,430	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DLVO%20theory	In physical chemistry, the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory explains the aggregation and kinetic stability of aqueous dispersions quantitatively and describes the force between charged surfaces interacting through a liquid medium. It combines the effects of the van der Waals attraction and the electrostat...	DLVO theory	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,141	[ "Colloidal chemistry", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Colloids", "Surface science", "nan", "Physical chemistry" ]
17,173,535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austempering	Austempering is heat treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most notably steel and ductile iron. In steel it produces a bainite microstructure whereas in cast irons it produces a structure of acicular ferrite and high carbon, stabilized austenite known as ausferrite. It is primarily used to improve mechanical pro...	Austempering	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,926	[ "Metallurgical processes", "Metal heat treatments" ]
17,177,316	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather%20testing%20of%20polymers	Accelerated photo-ageing of polymers in SEPAP units is the controlled polymer degradation and polymer coating degradation under lab or natural conditions. The prediction of the ageing of plastic materials is a subject that concerns both users and manufacturers. It covers plastic materials (polymers, fillers and vario...	Weather testing of polymers	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,762	[ "Polymers", "Materials degradation", "Materials science", "Polymer chemistry" ]
17,181,411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilayer%20soft%20lithography	Multilayer soft lithography (MSL) is a fabrication process in which microscopic chambers, channels, valves and vias are molded within bonded layers of elastomer. Commercial PDMS stamps can mold materials such as optical adhesive in a sequential process to create the bonded layers. See also Soft lithography Referen...	Multilayer soft lithography	[ "Materials_science" ]	76	[ "Nanotechnology", "Microtechnology", "Lithography (microfabrication)" ]
17,182,647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter%E2%80%93Saxton%20equation	In mathematical physics, the Hunter–Saxton equation is an integrable PDE that arises in the theoretical study of nematic liquid crystals. If the molecules in the liquid crystal are initially all aligned, and some of them are then wiggled slightly, this disturbance in orientation will propagate through the crystal, and...	Hunter–Saxton equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,208	[ "Equations of fluid dynamics", "Equations of physics", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Mathematical physics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
15,449,295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization%20process%20model	The normalization process model is a sociological model, developed by Carl R. May, that describes the adoption of new technologies in health care. The model provides framework for process evaluation using three componentsactors, objects, and contextsthat are compared across four constructs: Interactional workability, r...	Normalization process model	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	991	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Diffusion" ]
15,452,231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%20stress	In physical oceanography and fluid dynamics, the wind stress is the shear stress exerted by the wind on the surface of large bodies of water – such as oceans, seas, estuaries and lakes. When wind is blowing over a water surface, the wind applies a wind force on the water surface. The wind stress is the component of thi...	Wind stress	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,897	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Chemical engineering", "Physical oceanography", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
12,647,205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Library%20of%20Mathematical%20Functions	The Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (DLMF) is an online project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop a database of mathematical reference data for special functions and their applications. It is intended as an update of Abramowitz's and Stegun's Handbook of Mathematical Func...	Digital Library of Mathematical Functions	[ "Mathematics" ]	210	[ "Special functions", "Computational mathematics", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical tables", "Mathematical relations", "Numerical analysis", "Approximations" ]
12,647,784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse/Haute%20Marne%20Underground%20Research%20Laboratory	The Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory is a laboratory located 500 metres underground in Bure in the Meuse département. It allows study of the geological formation in order to evaluate its capacity for deep geological repository of high-level and long-lived medium-level radioactive waste. It is managed b...	Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory	[ "Engineering" ]	901	[ "Nuclear research institutes", "Nuclear organizations" ]
12,649,653	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BOP%20reagent	BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) is a reagent commonly used for the synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and amines in peptide synthesis. It can be prepared from 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and a chlorophosphonium reagent under basic conditions. This reagent has advantages in...	BOP reagent	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	280	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Peptide coupling reagents", "Functional groups", "Organic compounds", "Organophosphorus compounds", "nan", "Reagents for organic chemistry", "Biochemistry", "Reagents for biochemistry", "Organic compound stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
3,431,092	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20force%20member	In the field of engineering mechanics, a zero force member is a member (a single truss segment) in a truss which, given a specific load, is at rest: neither in tension, nor in compression. Description In a truss, a zero-force member is often found at pins (any connections within the truss) where no external load is a...	Zero force member	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	431	[ "Structural engineering", "Statics", "Structural analysis", "Classical mechanics", "Mechanical engineering", "Aerospace engineering" ]
3,431,556	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbosteamer	A turbosteamer is a BMW combined cycle engine using a waste heat recovery unit. Waste heat energy from the internal combustion engine is used to generate steam for a steam engine which creates supplemental power for the vehicle. The turbosteamer device is affixed to the exhaust and cooling system. It salvages the heat ...	Turbosteamer	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	319	[ "Physical quantities", "Engines", "Steam power", "Engine technology", "Power (physics)" ]
3,432,612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cembrene%20A	Cembrene A, or sometimes neocembrene, is a natural monocyclic diterpene isolated from corals of the genus Nephthea. It is a colorless oil with a faint wax-like odor. Cembrene A itself has little importance as a chemical entity, being a trail pheromone for termites; however, the chemical structure of cembrene is cent...	Cembrene A	[ "Chemistry" ]	172	[ "Insect pheromones", "Chemical ecology" ]
3,432,674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFP-L3	In oncology, AFP-L3 is an isoform of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a substance typically used in the triple test during pregnancy and for screening chronic liver disease patients for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AFP can be fractionated by affinity electrophoresis into three glycoforms: L1, L2, and L3 based on the reactiv...	AFP-L3	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,826	[ "Chemical pathology", "Tumor markers", "Biomarkers" ]
3,432,792	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine%20oxide	In chemistry, an amine oxide, also known as an amine N-oxide or simply N-oxide, is a chemical compound that has the chemical formula . It contains a nitrogen-oxygen coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or substituent-groups attached to nitrogen. Sometimes it is written as or, alternatively, as ....	Amine oxide	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,550	[ "Amine oxides", "Functional groups" ]
3,434,894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-enhanced%20Raman%20spectroscopy	Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy or surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures such as plasmonic-magnetic silica nanotubes. The enhancement factor can be as much as 1010 to 1011, which mea...	Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	2,921	[ "Plasmonics", "Surface science", "Condensed matter physics", "Nanotechnology", "Solid state engineering" ]
3,436,139	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondcrete	Pondcrete is a mixture of cement and sludge. Its role is to immobilize hazardous waste and, in some cases, low-level and mixed-level radioactive waste, in the form of solid material. The material was used by the United States Department of Energy and its contractor, Rockwell International, in an attempt to handle the...	Pondcrete	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	669	[ "Structural engineering", "Water treatment", "Environmental impact of nuclear power", "Hazardous waste", "Radioactivity", "Environmental engineering", "Concrete", "Waste treatment technology", "Radioactive waste" ]
3,436,583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20packing%20factor	In crystallography, atomic packing factor (APF), packing efficiency, or packing fraction is the fraction of volume in a crystal structure that is occupied by constituent particles. It is a dimensionless quantity and always less than unity. In atomic systems, by convention, the APF is determined by assuming that atoms a...	Atomic packing factor	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,031	[ "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Materials science" ]
238,181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs%20free%20energy	In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure–volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure. It also pro...	Gibbs free energy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	3,743	[ "State functions", "Thermodynamic properties", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Energy (physics)", "Thermodynamic free energy", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Physical properties" ]
238,199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s%20law	In physical chemistry, Henry's law is a gas law that states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is directly proportional at equilibrium to its partial pressure above the liquid. The proportionality factor is called Henry's law constant. It was formulated by the English chemist William Henry, who studied the to...	Henry's law	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	3,946	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Underwater diving physics", "Engineering thermodynamics", "Equilibrium chemistry", "Thermodynamics", "Gas laws", "nan", "Mechanical engineering", "Physical chemistry" ]
238,301	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%20electrophoresis%20of%20nucleic%20acids	Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids is an analytical technique to separate DNA or RNA fragments by size and reactivity. Nucleic acid molecules are placed on a gel, where an electric field induces the nucleic acids (which are negatively charged due to their sugar-phosphate backbone) to migrate toward the positively cha...	Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	3,258	[ "Instrumental analysis", "Biochemical separation processes", "Molecular biology techniques", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Electrophoresis" ]
238,560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya%20Prigogine	Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (; ; 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist of Russian-Jewish origin, noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility. Prigogine's work most notably earned him the 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermody...	Ilya Prigogine	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,705	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Physical chemists", "Computational chemists", "Theoretical chemistry", "Computational chemistry", "Theoretical chemists", "Thermodynamics", "Thermodynamicists" ]
238,680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avogadro%27s%20law	Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) or Avogadro-Ampère's hypothesis is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law. A modern statement is: Avogadro's law states that ...	Avogadro's law	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,275	[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Chemical quantities", "Amount of substance", "Gas laws", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
238,689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meselson%E2%80%93Stahl%20experiment	The Meselson–Stahl experiment is an experiment by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1958 which supported Watson and Crick's hypothesis that DNA replication was semiconservative. In semiconservative replication, when the double-stranded DNA helix is replicated, each of the two new double-stranded DNA helices consi...	Meselson–Stahl experiment	[ "Biology" ]	1,036	[ "Genetics techniques", "DNA replication", "Molecular genetics" ]
238,706	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-fetoprotein	Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoglobulin, or alpha fetal protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene. The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q13.3). Maternal AFP serum level is used to screen for Down syndrome, neural tube d...	Alpha-fetoprotein	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,261	[ "Biomarkers", "Tumor markers", "Glycoproteins", "Glycobiology", "Chemical pathology" ]
238,790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene%20blue	Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or ...	Methylene blue	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	3,731	[ "Genetics techniques", "Chlorides", "Inorganic compounds", "Genetic engineering", "Salts", "Redox indicators", "Histology", "Electrochemistry", "Microscopy" ]
238,839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin	Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; several of these species carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish, it is found in several other animals (e.g., in blue-ringed o...	Tetrodotoxin	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	5,048	[ "Matter", "Chemical ecology", "Secondary metabolites", "Guanidine alkaloids", "Alkaloids by chemical classification", "Zwitterions", "Metabolism", "Ions" ]
239,038	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction	Construction is a general term meaning the art and science of forming objects, systems, or organizations. It comes from the Latin word constructio (from com- "together" and struere "to pile up") and Old French construction. To 'construct' is a verb: the act of building, and the noun is construction: how something is bu...	Construction	[ "Engineering" ]	6,276	[ "Construction" ]
239,050	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20manager	A project manager is a professional in the field of project management. Project managers have the responsibility of the planning, procurement and execution of a project, in any undertaking that has a defined scope, defined start and a defined finish; regardless of industry. Project managers are first point of contact f...	Project manager	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,343	[ "Building engineering", "Computer occupations", "Civil engineering", "Architecture" ]
239,126	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Jones%20%28mathematician%29	William Jones, FRS (16751 July 1749) was a Welsh mathematician best known for his use of the symbol (the Greek letter Pi) to represent the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. He was a close friend of Sir Isaac Newton and Sir Edmund Halley. In November 1711, Jones became a fellow of the Royal Societ...	William Jones (mathematician)	[ "Mathematics" ]	720	[ "Pi-related people", "Pi" ]
239,462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase	A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below. However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin...	Phosphodiesterase	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,454	[ "Biochemistry", "Molecular biology" ]
240,060	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory%20sequence	A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism. Regulation of gene expression is an essential feature of all living organisms and viruses. Description In DNA, regulation of gene expression normally happens ...	Regulatory sequence	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,329	[ "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Regulatory sequences" ]
240,123	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticity%20%28physics%29	In physics and materials science, plasticity (also known as plastic deformation) is the ability of a solid material to undergo permanent deformation, a non-reversible change of shape in response to applied forces. For example, a solid piece of metal being bent or pounded into a new shape displays plasticity as permanen...	Plasticity (physics)	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	4,078	[ "Solid mechanics", "Deformation (mechanics)", "Materials science", "Plasticity (physics)", "Mechanics" ]
240,224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20state	The standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions. A degree sign (°) or a superscript Plimsoll symbol (⦵) is used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in enthalpy (ΔH°), change in...	Standard state	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,603	[ "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
240,228	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20pump	The biological pump (or ocean carbon biological pump or marine biological carbon pump) is the ocean's biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere and land runoff to the ocean interior and seafloor sediments. In other words, it is a biologically mediated process which results in the sequestering of c...	Biological pump	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	12,634	[ "Chemical oceanography", "Aquatic ecology", "Ecosystems" ]
240,244	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20interaction	In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or of different species (interspecific interactions). These effects may be short-term, or long-term, both often strongly inf...	Biological interaction	[ "Biology" ]	2,366	[ "Behavior", "Biological interactions", "Ecology", "nan", "Ethology" ]
18,380,504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson%20symbol	The Pearson symbol, or Pearson notation, is used in crystallography as a means of describing a crystal structure. It was originated by W. B. Pearson and is used extensively in Peason's handbook of crystallographic data for intermetallic phases. The symbol is made up of two letters followed by a number. For example: Di...	Pearson symbol	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	600	[ "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Materials science" ]
18,383,939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20Raman%20scattering	X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) is non-resonant inelastic scattering of X-rays from core electrons. It is analogous to vibrational Raman scattering, which is a widely used tool in optical spectroscopy, with the difference being that the wavelengths of the exciting photons fall in the X-ray regime and the corresponding ex...	X-ray Raman scattering	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	938	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "X-ray scattering", "Scattering", "X-ray spectroscopy", "Spectroscopy" ]
18,384,964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20pond	Full pond is an American phrase used to describe the water level of a lake, reservoir or other body of fresh water when the level is just below the spillway, or is otherwise at a maximum, sustainable and safe level. Technically, a body of water can have a water level higher than full pond when the inflow of water in...	Full pond	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	174	[ "Hydrology", "Environmental engineering" ]
18,388,258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho-Radia	Tho-Radia was a French pharmaceutical company making cosmetics between 1932 and 1968. Tho-Radia-branded creams, toothpastes and soaps were notable for containing radium and thorium until 1937, as a scheme to exploit popular interest for radium after it was discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie, in a fad of radioactive q...	Tho-Radia	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	886	[ "Radioactive quackery", "Radioactivity", "Nuclear physics" ]
18,388,283	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20chemistry	Crystal chemistry is the study of the principles of chemistry behind crystals and their use in describing structure-property relations in solids, as well as the chemical properties of periodic structures. The principles that govern the assembly of crystal and glass structures are described, models of many of the techno...	Crystal chemistry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	343	[ "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Materials science" ]
6,075,294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonyl%20halide	In chemistry, a sulfonyl halide consists of a sulfonyl () group singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula , where X is a halogen. The stability of sulfonyl halides decreases in the order fluorides > chlorides > bromides > iodides, all four types being well known. The sulfonyl chlorides and fluorid...	Sulfonyl halide	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,393	[ "Functional groups" ]
6,078,504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharitonov%27s%20theorem	Kharitonov's theorem is a result used in control theory to assess the stability of a dynamical system when the physical parameters of the system are not known precisely. When the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial are known, the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion can be used to check if the system is stable (...	Kharitonov's theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	414	[ "Theorems in dynamical systems", "Mathematical theorems", "Equations of physics", "Theorems in algebra", "Applied mathematics", "Control theory", "Circuit theorems", "Theorems about polynomials", "Dynamical systems", "Mathematical problems", "Physics theorems" ]
6,079,068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapour%20pressure%20of%20water	The vapor pressure of water is the pressure exerted by molecules of water vapor in gaseous form (whether pure or in a mixture with other gases such as air). The saturation vapor pressure is the pressure at which water vapor is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed state. At pressures higher than saturation va...	Vapour pressure of water	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,352	[ "Thermodynamic properties", "Quantity", "Thermodynamics", "Physical quantities" ]
1,808,258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically%20active%20radiation	Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. This spectral region corresponds more or less with the range of light visible to the human eye. Photons at sho...	Photosynthetically active radiation	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,189	[ "Biochemistry", "Photosynthesis" ]
1,809,324	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnocline	A pycnocline is the cline or layer where the density gradient () is greatest within a body of water. An ocean current is generated by the forces such as breaking waves, temperature and salinity differences, wind, Coriolis effect, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of celestial bodies. In addition, the physical ...	Pycnocline	[ "Physics", "Biology" ]	1,700	[ "Aquatic ecology", "Ecosystems", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical oceanography" ]
1,810,027	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twine	Twine is a strong thread, light string or cord composed of string in which two or more thinner strands are twisted, and then twisted together (plied). The strands are plied in the opposite direction to that of their twist, which adds torsional strength to the cord and keeps it from unravelling. This process is sometime...	Twine	[ "Engineering" ]	1,482	[ "Construction", "Fasteners" ]
1,810,201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biclustering	Biclustering, block clustering, Co-clustering or two-mode clustering is a data mining technique which allows simultaneous clustering of the rows and columns of a matrix. The term was first introduced by Boris Mirkin to name a technique introduced many years earlier, in 1972, by John A. Hartigan. Given a set of sample...	Biclustering	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	3,015	[ "Biological engineering", "Computational problems", "Bioinformatics", "Mathematical problems", "NP-complete problems" ]
1,810,909	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag-reducing%20aerospike	A drag-reducing aerospike is a device (see nose cone design) used to reduce the forebody pressure aerodynamic drag of blunt bodies at supersonic speeds. The aerospike creates a detached shock ahead of the body. Between the shock and the forebody a zone of recirculating flow occurs which acts like a more streamlined for...	Drag-reducing aerospike	[ "Chemistry" ]	526	[ "Drag (physics)", "Fluid dynamics" ]
1,811,292	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20selectivity	Functional selectivity (or “agonist trafficking”, “biased agonism”, “biased signaling”, "ligand bias" and “differential engagement”) is the ligand-dependent selectivity for certain signal transduction pathways relative to a reference ligand (often the endogenous hormone or peptide) at the same receptor. Functional sele...	Functional selectivity	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,282	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacodynamics", "Signal transduction", "Biased ligands", "Biochemistry", "Neurochemistry" ]
1,811,328	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Association%20of%20Petroleum%20Producers	The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP), with its head office in Calgary, Alberta, is a lobby group that represents the upstream Canadian oil and natural gas industry. CAPP's members produce "90% of Canada's natural gas and crude oil" and "are an important part of a national industry with revenues of abo...	Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,716	[ "Petroleum technology", "Natural gas technology", "Hydraulic fracturing" ]
20,570,809	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galoter%20process	The Galoter process (also known as TSK, UTT, or SHC; its newest modifications are called Enefit and Petroter) is a shale oil extraction technology for the production of shale oil, a type of synthetic crude oil. In this process, the oil shale is decomposed into shale oil, oil shale gas, and spent residue. Decompositio...	Galoter process	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,750	[ "Petroleum technology", "Oil shale technology", "Synthetic fuel technologies" ]
20,571,589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation%20of%20chemicals	The regulation of chemicals is the legislative intent of a variety of national laws or international initiatives such as agreements, strategies or conventions. These international initiatives define the policy of further regulations to be implemented locally as well as exposure or emission limits. Often, regulatory ag...	Regulation of chemicals	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,502	[ "Regulation of chemicals" ]
20,572,735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold%20displacement%20energy	In materials science, the threshold displacement energy () is the minimum kinetic energy that an atom in a solid needs to be permanently displaced from its site in the lattice to a defect position. It is also known as "displacement threshold energy" or just "displacement energy". In a crystal, a separate threshold disp...	Threshold displacement energy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,827	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Radiation", "Condensed matter physics", "Radiation effects", "Matter" ]
20,575,029	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitized%20regenerative%20fuel%20cell	A unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) is a fuel cell based on the proton exchange membrane which can do the electrolysis of water in regenerative mode and function in the other mode as a fuel cell recombining oxygen and hydrogen gas to produce electricity. Both modes are done with the same fuel cell stack By defini...	Unitized regenerative fuel cell	[ "Chemistry" ]	345	[ "Electrochemistry", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Electrochemistry stubs", "Electrolysis" ]
20,575,238	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20rescue	Synthetic rescue (or synthetic recovery or synthetic viability when a lethal phenotype is rescued ) refers to a genetic interaction in which a cell that is nonviable, sensitive to a specific drug, or otherwise impaired due to the presence of a genetic mutation becomes viable when the original mutation is combined with ...	Synthetic rescue	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	596	[ "Gene therapy", "Genetic engineering" ]
20,575,536	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability%20%28semiconductor%29	Reliability of a semiconductor device is the ability of the device to perform its intended function during the life of the device in the field. There are multiple considerations that need to be accounted for when developing reliable semiconductor devices: Semiconductor devices are very sensitive to impurities and pa...	Reliability (semiconductor)	[ "Materials_science" ]	1,159	[ "Semiconductor device fabrication", "Microtechnology" ]
20,579,385	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand%20flow%20technology	Demand flow technology (DFT) is a strategy for defining and deploying business processes in a flow, driven in response to customer demand. DFT is based on a set of applied mathematical tools that are used to connect processes in a flow and link it to daily changes in demand. DFT represents a scientific approach to flo...	Demand flow technology	[ "Engineering" ]	3,416	[ "Lean manufacturing" ]
20,579,517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway%20Technology	The Gateway cloning method is a method of molecular cloning invented and commercialized by Invitrogen since the late 1990s, which makes use of the integration and excision recombination reactions that take place when bacteriophage lambda infects bacteria. This technology provides a fast and highly efficient way to tran...	Gateway Technology	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,609	[ "Biochemistry", "Molecular biology" ]
19,388,009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAMIT	WAMIT is a computer program for computing wave loads and motions of offshore structures in waves. It is based on the linear and second-order potential theory. The velocity potential is solved by means of boundary integral equation method, also known as panel method. WAMIT has the capability of representing the geometry...	WAMIT	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	164	[ "Computational physics stubs", "Computational fluid dynamics", "Computational physics", "Fluid dynamics stubs", "Fluid dynamics" ]
19,389,837	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20quantum%20mechanics	In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive particles propagating at all velocities up to those comparable to the speed of light c, and can accommodate massless particles. The theory has application in high energy...	Relativistic quantum mechanics	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	6,471	[ "Electromagnetism", "Physical phenomena", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Atomic", "Atomic physics", "Fundamental interactions", "Theory of relativity", "Particle physics", " molecular", "Mathematical physics", " and optical physics" ]
19,393,933	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfenvalerate	Esfenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide marketed under the brand Asana. It is the (S)-enantiomer of fenvalerate. In the United States, a limit of .05 ppm of the chemical's residue is permissible in food. References Insecticides Nitriles 4-Chlorophenyl compounds	Esfenvalerate	[ "Chemistry" ]	76	[ "Functional groups", "Organic compounds", "Nitriles", "Organic compound stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
19,394,645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned%20Kock	Nereu Florencio "Ned" Kock is a Brazilian-American philosopher. He is a Texas A&M Regents Professor of Information Systems at Texas A&M International University. Background Kock holds a B.E.E. in Electrical Engineering from the Federal Technological University of Parana at Curitiba, Brazil, a M.Sc. in computer scienc...	Ned Kock	[ "Technology" ]	877	[ "Information systems", "Information systems researchers" ]
17,188,258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc%20shedding	Disc shedding is the process by which photoreceptor cells in the retina are renewed. The disc formations in the outer segment of photoreceptors, which contain the photosensitive opsins, are completely renewed every ten days. Photoreceptors The retina contains two types of photoreceptor – rod cells and cone cells. Ther...	Disc shedding	[ "Chemistry" ]	943	[ "Histology", "Microscopy" ]
17,190,371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrakis%28hydroxymethyl%29phosphonium%20chloride	Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula [P(CH2OH)4]Cl. It is a white water-soluble salt with applications as a precursor to fire-retardant materials and as a microbiocide in commercial and industrial water systems. Synthesis, structure and reactions...	Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride	[ "Chemistry" ]	867	[ "Organophosphorus compounds", "Organic compounds", "Functional groups" ]
17,192,084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatman%20plc	Whatman plc is a Cytiva brand specialising in laboratory filtration products and separation technologies. Whatman products cover a range of laboratory applications that require filtration, sample collection (cards and kits), blotting, lateral flow components and flow-through assays and other general laboratory accesso...	Whatman plc	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	607	[ "Chemical equipment", "Filtration", "Filters" ]

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