Datasets:

tomekkorbak

/

pile-detoxify

like 1

[ "Psychiatric disorders include any mental disorder or illness that interferes with the way a person behaves, interacts with others, and/or functions in daily life. ", "The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, classifies psychiatric disorders. ", "The latest version, the DSM-5 (Fifth Edition), lists the following categories of mental disorders: adjustment disorders; anxiety disorders; delirium, dementia, amnestic, and other cognitive disorders; disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence, such as learning disorders or communication disorders; dissociative disorders; eating disorders; factitious disorders; impulse-control disorders; mental disorders due to a general medical condition; mood disorders; other conditions of clinical importance; personality disorders; schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; sexual and gender identity disorders; sleep disorders; somatoform disorders; and substance-related disorders. ", "See also, http://www.dsm5.org.", "\nThe exact cause of most psychiatric disorders is not known. ", "Mental health experts believe that psychiatric disorders typically result from a combination of genetic or inherited dispositions and a triggering event. ", "Triggering events may include environmental factors, stresses of various kinds, and even physical health problems. ", "Psychiatric disorders are very common in the United States. ", "In fact, one-fifth of the American population suffers from some sort of mental disorder during any given year, according to the American Psychiatric Association.", "\nThe current lack of biomarkers and the ineffectiveness and reliability of the diagnosis and rates are important issues for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. ", "For example, around 15% of the population suffers from major depression, while approximately 1% suffers from bipolar disorder. ", "However, differentiating between these two disorders is difficult and results in at least 10-15% of bipolar disorder patients being misdiagnosed as having major depression. ", "The consequences of such misdiagnosis include a delay in being introduced to efficacious treatment with mood stabilizers and a delay in seeking or obtaining counseling specific to bipolar disorder.", "\nMedication is widely used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. ", "For example, antidepressants are used for the treatment of clinical depression as well as for anxiety and other disorders. ", "Anxiolytics are used for anxiety disorders and related problems such as insomnia. ", "Mood stabilizers are used primarily in bipolar disorder, mainly targeting mania rather than depression. ", "Antipsychotics are used for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. ", "Stimulants are commonly used, notably for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ", "However, there are concerns regarding the lack of efficacy, long onset of action, and side-effects associated with the use of such medications.", "\nAs such, there is a need in the art for improved methods to accurately and reliably diagnose psychiatric disorders, particularly affective disorders such as mood disorders (e.g., major depression). ", "Moreover, despite the existence of an assortment of different medications, there is a need in the art for improved drugs to treat psychiatric disorders, particularly affective disorders such as mood disorders (e.g., major depression) and symptoms thereof. ", "The present invention satisfies these needs and provides related advantages as well." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "When are acrylic nails appropriate?", "\n\nMy 9 year old SD has those fake, glue on nails and DH asked her if they were acrylic. ", "She said no and I said if they were, I'd be taking her ass down to the nail shop to have them pulled off. ", "Well, that started an argument because he doesnt see anything wrong with SD getting them. ", "He gave me that BS \"Its *MY* daughter\" but then tried to cover it up a moment later with the \"your daughter, our daughter\" crap.", "\n\nComments (33)\n\nI don't like acrylic nails. ", "I think it's bad for nail health. ", "9 years ifs definitely way too young. ", "I would rather teach her how to properly buff and manicure her nails so that she does not have to buy fake ones...even when I go to the salon I only get them trimed and painted w/ clear polish (I feel clausterphobic ith colors) besides giving each other a mani/pedi at home is great for spending time together (going to the salon is too for a special treat) Fortunately I have boys...I hope I won't have to do mani/pedi's w/ them...definitely somthing I would have to get used too!", "\n\nAs far aesthetic reasons are concerned; Acrylic nails are never OK for anyone if they look like a acrylic nails. ", "I hate that look when you glance at a woman she has bright pink nails with a little fake diamond on the end of her pinkie nail...you all know what I am talking about.", "The risk of infection is whole other issue about fake nails. ", "Some very nasty bacteria love to make themselves at home under fake nails.", "\n\nI only wear them on a very rare occasion. ", "My real nails never look nice, even after a manicure so I will get acrylic nails for a special event. ", "I keep them very short and the color natural, so people usually assume they are real anyway. ", "I am going to go to PR to visit my husband's family next month, and I plan on getting my nails done for that. ", "I always feel more pressure to look nice when we are in PR b/c most of the women there are very well-groomed and I feel out of place looking like my usual self.", "\n\nAs far as a 9 yr old, maybe for fun once or twice, but not as something regular. ", "Too young, too expensive, and not healthy.", "\n\nI don't like them at all, but I think they become more normal around middle school age. ", "The stick on ones are pointless though, they fall off IMMEDIATELY. ", "It's really just a better idea to a) not bite one's nails and b) get them nicely polished, if that's what you want. ", "Acrylic nails look weird anyway imo. ", "Even on adults, they seem tacky.", "\n\nOk, I used to get acrylics all the time, for I believe I have man hands and thought they helped. ", "That being said, in the back of my head I always felt like I sort of looked like I had an audition at Scores or Rick's Cabaret after work, if you catch my drift.", "\n\nI don't think they look strippery on everyone (just me! ", "lucky me!), ", "but dude, 9 is way too young. ", "Once I gave up on getting them done, it took seriously almost 8 months for them to grow in back to normal and I whined about it the whole time. ", "Imagine how whiny a kid would be when she has to grow her natural nails back in. ", "SOOOO not worth it!! ", "LOL\n\nI agree that when she can pay for them and the up keep, she can get them. ", "I have no problem with the press on/glue on ones (although the ones she has on are horribly long and disgusting) but acrylics for many reasons bother me.", "\n\nDH said she wants to do what she sees me doing. ", "Hello, I dont *get* them! ", "No adult she knows gets them and really, what else should we let her do then? ", "Should I let her wear makeup? ", "High heels? ", "Short dresses? ", "Thongs? ", "That argument didnt fly with me at all." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "DEREK McInnes today blasted the SPFL fixture chaos that has hit the Dons as “foolish” and claimed the club’s supporters deserve better.", "\n\nThe SPFL rescheduled Aberdeen’s Premiership trip to Dundee from Monday evening to Saturday (12.15pm).", "\n\nAberdeen fans have been given just five days notice of the change, which was instigated because Aberdeen have three players away on international duty.", "\n\nMcInnes reckons the SPFL should never have scheduled a top-flight clash for a Monday on an international week.", "\n\nAberdeen have confirmed they will refund any Reds fan who cannot make Saturday’s rearranged fixture.", "\n\nMcInnes said: “The supporters deserve to be treated better than that. ", "It is an inconvenience for everyone but especially the fans.", "\n\n“It is a lesson learned that it is foolish to have a Premiership fixture on a Monday scheduled on the same week as internationals.”", "\n\nDons fans unable to attend Saturday’s game will be given a full refund by Aberdeen.", "\n\nA club statement said: “Any supporters who have bought a ticket for the Monday night and are now unable to attend will get a full refund.", "\n\n“We appreciate a number of supporters will be unable to attend the match and others will have their weekend and travel plans disrupted.", "\n\n“In the first instance, we were disappointed a popular match on the fixture calendar was moved to a Monday evening during an international week, given the possibility of player call-ups.", "\n\n“Given the club’s position in the league it is essential all our players are available and, following discussions with all parties, this would not have been the case if the fixture proceeded on the Monday.”", "\n\nA spokesperson for the SPFL said: “If an SPFL club has three or more players unavailable because of international selection, it is entitled to request a fixture be rescheduled.", "\n\n“Due to three of its players being unavailable for this very reason, Aberdeen FC has had an application to reschedule its match against Dundee FC accepted and the game will now be played on Saturday, March 21.”" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Q:\n\nPHP - number_format fails with math operations\n\nThe PHP function number_format produces weird results when using it with math operations.", "\nRun this...\necho number_format(32545000 - 24343400) . '", "<br>';\necho number_format(32545000) - number_format(24343400);\n\nWhy does the second one produce an answer of \"8\" instead of the correct answer?", "\n\nA:\n\nnumber_format(32545000) returns a string: 32,545,000\nnumber_format(24343400) returns a string: 24,343,400\nThe strings are converted to int and you get:\n32 - 24 = 8\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Rails.application.configure do\n # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb.", "\n\n # Code is not reloaded between requests.", "\n config.cache_classes = true\n\n # Eager load code on boot. ", "This eager loads most of Rails and\n # your application in memory, allowing both threaded web servers\n # and those relying on copy on write to perform better.", "\n # Rake tasks automatically ignore this option for performance.", "\n config.eager_load = true\n \n # Full error reports are disabled and caching is turned on.", "\n config.consider_all_requests_local = false\n config.action_controller.perform_caching = true\n\n # Ensures that a master key has been made available in either ENV[\"RAILS_MASTER_KEY\"]\n # or in config/master.key. ", "This key is used to decrypt credentials (and other encrypted files).", "\n config.require_master_key = true\n\n # Disable serving static files from the `/public` folder by default since\n # Apache or NGINX already handles this.", "\n config.public_file_server.enabled = ENV['RAILS_SERVE_STATIC_FILES'].present?", "\n\n # Compress JavaScripts and CSS.", "\n config.assets.js_compressor = :uglifier\n # config.assets.css_compressor = :sass\n\n # Do not fallback to assets pipeline if a precompiled asset is missed.", "\n config.assets.compile = false\n\n # `config.assets.precompile` and `config.assets.version` have moved to config/initializers/assets.rb\n\n # Enable serving of images, stylesheets, and JavaScripts from an asset server.", "\n # config.action_controller.asset_host = 'http://assets.example.com'\n\n # Specifies the header that your server uses for sending files.", "\n # config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = 'X-Sendfile' # for Apache\n # config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = 'X-Accel-Redirect' # for NGINX\n\n # Mount Action Cable outside main process or domain\n # config.action_cable.mount_path = nil\n # config.action_cable.url = 'wss://example.com/cable'\n # config.action_cable.allowed_request_origins = [ 'http://example.com', /http:\\/\\/example.*/ ]\n\n # Force all access to the app over SSL, use Strict-Transport-Security, and use secure cookies.", "\n config.force_ssl = true\n\n # Use the lowest log level to ensure availability of diagnostic information\n # when problems arise.", "\n config.log_level = :debug\n\n # Prepend all log lines with the following tags.", "\n config.log_tags = [ :request_id ]\n\n # Use a different cache store in production.", "\n # config.cache_store = :mem_cache_store\n\n # Use a real queuing backend for Active Job (and separate queues per environment)\n # config.active_job.queue_adapter = :resque\n # config.active_job.queue_name_prefix = \"feedi_#{Rails.env}\"\n\n config.action_mailer.perform_caching = false\n\n # Ignore bad email addresses and do not raise email delivery errors.", "\n # Set this to true and configure the email server for immediate delivery to raise delivery errors.", "\n # config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false\n\n # Enable locale fallbacks for I18n (makes lookups for any locale fall back to\n # the I18n.default_locale when a translation cannot be found).", "\n config.i18n.fallbacks = true\n\n # Send deprecation notices to registered listeners.", "\n config.active_support.deprecation = :notify\n\n # Use default logging formatter so that PID and timestamp are not suppressed.", "\n config.log_formatter = ::Logger::Formatter.new\n\n # Use a different logger for distributed setups.", "\n # require 'syslog/logger'\n # config.logger = ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging.new(Syslog::Logger.new 'app-name')\n\n if ENV[\"RAILS_LOG_TO_STDOUT\"].present?", "\n logger = ActiveSupport::Logger.new(STDOUT)\n logger.formatter = config.log_formatter\n config.logger = ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging.new(logger)\n end\n\n # Do not dump schema after migrations.", "\n config.active_record.dump_schema_after_migration = false\nend\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Some sports games, such as baseball, golf, tennis, and other games, involve swinging a bat, club, or racket to strike a ball in order to propel the ball in a desired direction with a desired speed. ", "In baseball, the ball is “pitched” (thrown) toward the batter by a pitcher. ", "During the flight of the ball, the batter prepares to swing the bat to contact the ball and propel it in another direction. ", "In golf, the ball rests on a small pedestal called a “tee” placed slightly in front of the golfer's toes or on the ground. ", "In tennis, the ball is hit toward the player by an opponent using a tennis racket. ", "In each game, striking the ball with optimum swing dynamics requires the player to keep their eyes directed at the ball from the beginning of the swing until the bat, club, or racket contacts the ball, and following the collision, in the direction of the collision, even after the ball takes flight. ", "However, many players fail to keep their eyes on the ball up to the point of collision and in the direction of the collision after collision, and thus they fail to see the collision of the bat, club, or racket with the ball and complete the swing with proper mechanics. ", "Consequently, the ball is missed or is hit poorly. ", "Some devices exist as aids to improve a player's swing. ", "These devices focus on the proper head position during the swing motion. ", "However, determining head position does not directly correlate to the eye position during and/or immediately following the ball collision. ", "Further, some of these devices require replacement of standard equipment with specialized equipment or are cumbersome, which can negatively impact user performance. ", "Some of these devices may require that the ball be stationary and placed onto a specialized device, which limits their use in swing practice." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "A WORLD OF EXOTIC ADVENTURE TRAVEL FOR THE OVER 50 TRAVELER\n\nELDERTREKS is the world's first adventure travel company designed exclusively for people 50 and over. ", "Established in 1987, ElderTreks offers active, off-the-beaten-path, small-group adventures by both land and sea in over 100 countries. ", "ElderTreks offers wildlife and tribal African safaris, active hiking trips to the Rockies, Himalayas and Andes, expeditions by icebreakers to the Arctic and Antarctic and cultural journeys throughout Asia, South America and much of the world. ", "We invite you to browse through our website, request a catalogue or give us a call. ", "A real person will always answer during business hours. ", "We hope you can join ElderTreks on one of our small group adventures for travelers 50 plus.", "\n\nNaturally, you're invited!", "\n\nGREAT REASONS TO TRAVEL WITH ELDERTREKS\n\nWe cater to people 50 and over\n\nTravel with your peers on itineraries designed with YOU in mind. ", "Companions over 18 years old are welcome.", "\n\nExperience - established in 1987\n\nTravel confidently, knowing that the people facilitating your adventures are veterans in the world of adventure travel.", "\n\nSmall group experience\n\nMaximum group size on our land adventures is 16 - guaranteed.", "\n\nExpedition ships, not cruise ships (Capacity of 8-200 passengers)\n\nOn our ship-based adventures, we use expedition ships - not cruise ships. ", "Smaller vessels allow for more personal interaction and reduce our impact at the sites we visit.", "\n\nClubTrek - Loyalty Program.", "\n\nTo thank you for traveling with us, we have created ClubTrek. ", "Travel with ElderTreks once and you are automatically enrolled. ", "For more information about this loyalty program, click here.", "\n\nLand days - not air days\n\nOur stated trip lengths refer to land days only. ", "ElderTreks \"day 1\" always refers to the arrival day. ", "Some destinations may take a day or 2 to reach and we don’t begin your trip until you arrive at destination.", "\n\nHassle-free all-inclusive land and sea packages\n\nAll meals, accommodation, domestic transportation and domestic departure taxes, entrance fees, tips at hotels and restaurants...nothing is left to chance. ", "If there are exceptions to this rule, they are clearly noted.", "\n\nExperts with first-hand knowledge\n\nWhen you book a trip with ElderTreks, you have access to people who have been where you are going. ", "You may deal directly with people who are able to answer your questions.", "\n\nNo mandatory single-supplement charge on land adventures (excluding extensions)\n\nIf you're willing to share a room, there is no additional charge. ", "We don't penalize single travelers - we welcome you.", "\n\nGenuine travel experiences\n\nElderTreks takes you off the beaten path on carefully crafted itineraries that are unique and thoughtfully planned. ", "We do not support conveyor-belt tourism, where groups are pushed through a rigid itinerary at the expense of spontaneity.", "\n\nSustainable, responsible travel\n\nWe support a number of development projects throughout the world, and we make sure you have close contact with local people. ", "During some of our adventures, you have the opportunity to visit schools and orphanages.", "\n\nComfortable, charming accommodations\n\nWe select hotels based on comfort, location and charm with private washrooms. ", "Shared facilities are only used where there is no alternative, and such exceptions are clearly noted.", "\n\nVariety of destinations on land and at sea\n\nFrom Easter Island in the South Pacific to the Gobi Desert in Mongolia; from Baja to the Galapagos; from the Amazon to Alaska, our itineraries are diverse and exotic. ", "You're not an average traveler; we're not an average adventure company.", "\n\nGreat value\n\nOur many repeat travelers tell us that we consistently deliver high caliber journeys at an affordable price. ", "You will find our adventures eventful, stimulating and great value for your money.", "\n\nReal people answer your calls\n\nEveryone wants to be treated in a professional manner that is pleasant, prompt and helpful. ", "We won't force you to endure a pre-recorded voice when you call. ", "Great service and a great attitude are at the core of what we do.", "\n\nGreat guides\n\nElderTreks are proud to have guides who are second to none. ", "To meet some of our guides, click here" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "#!", "/usr/bin/env julia --project\nusing ClimateMachine\nClimateMachine.init(parse_clargs = true)\n\nusing ClimateMachine.", "BalanceLaws: vars_state, Prognostic, Auxiliary\nusing ClimateMachine.", "Mesh.", "Topologies\nusing ClimateMachine.", "Mesh.", "Grids\nusing ClimateMachine.", "Mesh.", "Filters\nusing ClimateMachine.", "DGMethods\nusing ClimateMachine.", "DGMethods.", "NumericalFluxes\nusing ClimateMachine.", "MPIStateArrays\nusing ClimateMachine.", "ODESolvers\nusing ClimateMachine.", "VariableTemplates: flattenednames\nusing ClimateMachine.", "Ocean.", "SplitExplicit01\nusing ClimateMachine.", "GenericCallbacks\nusing ClimateMachine.", "VTK\n\nusing MPI\nusing LinearAlgebra\nusing StaticArrays\nusing Logging, Printf, Dates\n\nusing CLIMAParameters\nusing CLIMAParameters.", "Planet: grav\nstruct EarthParameterSet <: AbstractEarthParameterSet end\nconst param_set = EarthParameterSet()\n\nimport ClimateMachine.", "Ocean.", "SplitExplicit01:\n ocean_init_aux!,", "\n ocean_init_state!,", "\n ocean_boundary_state!,", "\n CoastlineFreeSlip,\n CoastlineNoSlip,\n OceanFloorFreeSlip,\n OceanFloorNoSlip,\n OceanSurfaceNoStressNoForcing,\n OceanSurfaceStressNoForcing,\n OceanSurfaceNoStressForcing,\n OceanSurfaceStressForcing\nimport ClimateMachine.", "DGMethods:\n update_auxiliary_state!, ", "update_auxiliary_state_gradient!, ", "VerticalDirection\n# using GPUifyLoops\n\nconst ArrayType = ClimateMachine.array_type()\n\nstruct SimpleBox{T} <: AbstractOceanProblem\n Lˣ::T\n Lʸ::T\n H::T\n τₒ::T\n λʳ::T\n θᴱ::T\nend\n\n@inline function ocean_boundary_state!(", "\n m::OceanModel,\n p::SimpleBox,\n bctype,\n x...,\n)\n if bctype == 1\n ocean_boundary_state!(m, CoastlineNoSlip(), x...)\n elseif bctype == 2\n ocean_boundary_state!(m, OceanFloorNoSlip(), x...)\n elseif bctype == 3\n ocean_boundary_state!(m, OceanSurfaceStressForcing(), x...)\n end\nend\n\n@inline function ocean_boundary_state!(", "\n m::Continuity3dModel,\n p::SimpleBox,\n bctype,\n x...,\n)\n #if bctype == 1\n ocean_boundary_state!(m, CoastlineNoSlip(), x...)\n #end\nend\n\n@inline function ocean_boundary_state!(", "\n m::BarotropicModel,\n p::SimpleBox,\n bctype,\n x...,\n)\n return ocean_boundary_state!(m, CoastlineNoSlip(), x...)\nend\n\nfunction ocean_init_state!(p::SimpleBox, Q, A, coords, t)\n @inbounds y = coords[2]\n @inbounds z = coords[3]\n @inbounds H = p.H\n\n Q.u = @SVector [-0, -0]\n Q.η = -0\n Q.θ = (5 + 4 * cos(y * π / p.Lʸ)) * (1 + z / H)\n\n return nothing\nend\n\nfunction ocean_init_aux!(m::OceanModel, p::SimpleBox, A, geom)\n FT = eltype(A)\n @inbounds A.y = geom.coord[2]\n\n # not sure if this is needed but getting weird intialization stuff\n A.w = -0\n A.pkin = -0\n A.wz0 = -0\n A.u_d = @SVector [-0, -0]\n A.ΔGu = @SVector [-0, -0]\n\n return nothing\nend\n\n# A is Filled afer the state\nfunction ocean_init_aux!(m::BarotropicModel, P::SimpleBox, A, geom)\n @inbounds A.y = geom.coord[2]\n\n A.Gᵁ = @SVector [-0, -0]\n A.U_c = @SVector [-0, -0]\n A.η_c = -0\n A.U_s = @SVector [-0, -0]\n A.η_s = -0\n A.Δu = @SVector [-0, -0]\n A.η_diag = -0\n A.Δη = -0\n\n return nothing\nend\n\nfunction main()\n mpicomm = MPI.COMM_WORLD\n\n ll = uppercase(get(ENV, \"JULIA_LOG_LEVEL\", \"INFO\"))\n loglevel = ll == \"DEBUG\" ? ", "Logging.", "Debug :\n ll == \"WARN\" ? ", "Logging.", "Warn :\n ll == \"ERROR\" ? ", "Logging.", "Error : Logging.", "Info\n logger_stream = MPI.Comm_rank(mpicomm) == 0 ? ", "stderr : devnull\n global_logger(ConsoleLogger(logger_stream, loglevel))\n\n brickrange_2D = (xrange, yrange)\n topl_2D =\n BrickTopology(mpicomm, brickrange_2D, periodicity = (false, false))\n grid_2D = DiscontinuousSpectralElementGrid(\n topl_2D,\n FloatType = FT,\n DeviceArray = ArrayType,\n polynomialorder = N,\n )\n\n brickrange_3D = (xrange, yrange, zrange)\n topl_3D = StackedBrickTopology(\n mpicomm,\n brickrange_3D;\n periodicity = (false, false, false),\n boundary = ((1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 3)),\n )\n grid_3D = DiscontinuousSpectralElementGrid(\n topl_3D,\n FloatType = FT,\n DeviceArray = ArrayType,\n polynomialorder = N,\n )\n\n prob = SimpleBox{FT}(Lˣ, Lʸ, H, τₒ, λʳ, θᴱ)\n gravity::FT = grav(param_set)\n\n #- set model time-step:\n dt_fast = 240\n dt_slow = 5400\n # dt_fast = 300\n # dt_slow = 300\n nout = ceil(Int64, tout / dt_slow)\n dt_slow = tout / nout\n numImplSteps > 0 ? ", "ivdc_dt = dt_slow / FT(numImplSteps) : ivdc_dt = dt_slow\n\n model = OceanModel{FT}(\n prob,\n grav = gravity,\n cʰ = cʰ,\n add_fast_substeps = add_fast_substeps,\n )\n # model = OceanModel{FT}(prob, cʰ = cʰ, fₒ = FT(0), β = FT(0) )\n # model = OceanModel{FT}(prob, cʰ = cʰ, νʰ = FT(1e3), νᶻ = FT(1e-3) )\n # model = OceanModel{FT}(prob, cʰ = cʰ, νʰ = FT(0), fₒ = FT(0), β = FT(0) )\n\n barotropicmodel = BarotropicModel(model)\n\n minΔx = min_node_distance(grid_3D, HorizontalDirection())\n minΔz = min_node_distance(grid_3D, VerticalDirection())\n #- 2 horiz directions\n gravity_max_dT = 1 / (2 * sqrt(gravity * H) / minΔx)\n # dt_fast = minimum([gravity_max_dT])\n\n #- 2 horiz directions + harmonic visc or diffusion: 2^2 factor in CFL:\n viscous_max_dT = 1 / (2 * model.νʰ / minΔx^2 + model.νᶻ / minΔz^2) / 4\n diffusive_max_dT = 1 / (2 * model.κʰ / minΔx^2 + model.κᶻ / minΔz^2) / 4\n # dt_slow = minimum([diffusive_max_dT, viscous_max_dT])\n\n @info @sprintf(\n \"\"\"Update\n Gravity Max-dT = %.1f\n Timestep = %.1f\"\"\",\n gravity_max_dT,\n dt_fast\n )\n\n @info @sprintf(\n \"\"\"Update\n Viscous Max-dT = %.1f\n Diffusive Max-dT = %.1f\n Timestep = %.1f\"\"\",\n viscous_max_dT,\n diffusive_max_dT,\n dt_slow\n )\n\n dg = OceanDGModel(\n model,\n grid_3D,\n # CentralNumericalFluxFirstOrder(),\n RusanovNumericalFlux(),\n CentralNumericalFluxSecondOrder(),\n CentralNumericalFluxGradient(),\n )\n\n barotropic_dg = DGModel(\n barotropicmodel,\n grid_2D,\n # CentralNumericalFluxFirstOrder(),\n RusanovNumericalFlux(),\n CentralNumericalFluxSecondOrder(),\n CentralNumericalFluxGradient(),\n )\n\n Q_3D = init_ode_state(dg, FT(0); init_on_cpu = true)\n # update_auxiliary_state!(dg, model, Q_3D, FT(0))\n # update_auxiliary_state_gradient!(dg, model, Q_3D, FT(0))\n\n Q_2D = init_ode_state(barotropic_dg, FT(0); init_on_cpu = true)\n\n lsrk_ocean = LSRK54CarpenterKennedy(dg, Q_3D, dt = dt_slow, t0 = 0)\n lsrk_barotropic =\n LSRK54CarpenterKennedy(barotropic_dg, Q_2D, dt = dt_fast, t0 = 0)\n\n odesolver = SplitExplicitLSRK2nSolver(lsrk_ocean, lsrk_barotropic)\n\n #-- Set up State Check call back for config state arrays, called every ntFreq time steps\n ntFreq = 1\n cbcs_dg = ClimateMachine.StateCheck.sccreate(\n [\n (Q_3D, \"oce Q_3D\"),\n (dg.state_auxiliary, \"oce aux\"),\n # (dg.diffstate,\"oce diff\",),\n # (lsrk_ocean.dQ,\"oce_dQ\",),\n # (dg.modeldata.tendency_dg.state_auxiliary,\"tend Int aux\",),\n # (dg.modeldata.conti3d_Q,\"conti3d_Q\",),\n (Q_2D, \"baro Q_2D\"),\n (barotropic_dg.state_auxiliary, \"baro aux\"),\n ],\n ntFreq;\n prec = 12,\n )\n # (barotropic_dg.diffstate,\"baro diff\",),\n # (lsrk_barotropic.dQ,\"baro_dQ\",)\n #--\n\n step = [0, 0]\n cbvector = make_callbacks(\n vtkpath,\n step,\n nout,\n mpicomm,\n odesolver,\n dg,\n model,\n Q_3D,\n barotropic_dg,\n barotropicmodel,\n Q_2D,\n )\n\n eng0 = norm(Q_3D)\n @info @sprintf \"\"\"Starting\n norm(Q₀) = %.16e\n ArrayType = %s\"\"\" eng0 ArrayType\n\n # slow fast state tuple\n Qvec = (slow = Q_3D, fast = Q_2D)\n # solve!(Qvec, odesolver; timeend = timeend, callbacks = cbvector)\n cbv = (cbvector..., cbcs_dg)\n solve!(Qvec, odesolver; timeend = timeend, callbacks = cbv)\n\n ## Enable the code block below to print table for use in reference value code\n ## reference value code sits in a file named $(@__FILE__)_refvals.jl. ", "It is hand\n ## edited using code generated by block below when reference values are updated.", "\n regenRefVals = false\n if regenRefVals\n ## Print state statistics in format for use as reference values\n println(\n \"# SC ========== Test number \",\n 1,\n \" reference values and precision match template. ", "=======\",\n )\n println(\"# SC ========== $(@__FILE__) test reference values ======================================\")\n ClimateMachine.", "StateCheck.scprintref(cbcs_dg)\n println(\"# SC ====================================================================================\")\n end\n\n ## Check results against reference if present\n checkRefVals = true\n if checkRefVals\n include(\"../refvals/simple_box_2dt_refvals.jl\")\n refDat = (refVals[1], refPrecs[1])\n checkPass = ClimateMachine.", "StateCheck.scdocheck(cbcs_dg, refDat)\n checkPass ? ", "checkRep = \"Pass\" : checkRep = \"Fail\"\n @info @sprintf(\"\"\"Compare vs RefVals: %s\"\"\", checkRep)\n end\n\n return nothing\nend\n\nfunction make_callbacks(\n vtkpath,\n step,\n nout,\n mpicomm,\n odesolver,\n dg_slow,\n model_slow,\n Q_slow,\n dg_fast,\n model_fast,\n Q_fast,\n)\n if isdir(vtkpath)\n rm(vtkpath, recursive = true)\n end\n mkpath(vtkpath)\n mkpath(vtkpath * \"/slow\")\n mkpath(vtkpath * \"/fast\")\n\n function do_output(span, step, model, dg, Q)\n outprefix = @sprintf(\n \"%s/%s/mpirank%04d_step%04d\",\n vtkpath,\n span,\n MPI.Comm_rank(mpicomm),\n step\n )\n @info \"doing VTK output\" outprefix\n statenames = flattenednames(vars_state(model, Prognostic(), eltype(Q)))\n auxnames = flattenednames(vars_state(model, Auxiliary(), eltype(Q)))\n writevtk(outprefix, Q, dg, statenames, dg.state_auxiliary, auxnames)\n\n mycomm = Q.mpicomm\n ## Generate the pvtu file for these vtk files\n if MPI.Comm_rank(mpicomm) == 0 && MPI.Comm_size(mpicomm) > 1\n ## name of the pvtu file\n pvtuprefix = @sprintf(\"%s/%s/step%04d\", vtkpath, span, step)\n ## name of each of the ranks vtk files\n prefixes = ntuple(MPI.Comm_size(mpicomm)) do i\n @sprintf(\"mpirank%04d_step%04d\", i - 1, step)\n end\n writepvtu(\n pvtuprefix,\n prefixes,\n (statenames..., auxnames...),\n eltype(Q),\n )\n @info \"Done writing VTK: $pvtuprefix\"\n end\n\n end\n\n do_output(\"slow\", step[1], model_slow, dg_slow, Q_slow)\n cbvtk_slow = GenericCallbacks.", "EveryXSimulationSteps(nout) do (init = false)\n do_output(\"slow\", step[1], model_slow, dg_slow, Q_slow)\n step[1] += 1\n nothing\n end\n\n do_output(\"fast\", step[2], model_fast, dg_fast, Q_fast)\n cbvtk_fast = GenericCallbacks.", "EveryXSimulationSteps(nout) do (init = false)\n do_output(\"fast\", step[2], model_fast, dg_fast, Q_fast)\n step[2] += 1\n nothing\n end\n\n starttime = Ref(now())\n cbinfo = GenericCallbacks.", "EveryXWallTimeSeconds(60, mpicomm) do (s = false)\n if s\n starttime[] = now()\n else\n energy = norm(Q_slow)\n @info @sprintf(\n \"\"\"Update\n simtime = %8.2f / %8.2f\n runtime = %s\n norm(Q) = %.16e\"\"\",\n ODESolvers.gettime(odesolver),\n timeend,\n Dates.format(\n convert(Dates.", "DateTime, Dates.now() - starttime[]),\n Dates.dateformat\"HH:MM:SS\",\n ),\n energy\n )\n end\n end\n\n return (cbvtk_slow, cbvtk_fast, cbinfo)\nend\n\n#################\n# RUN THE TESTS #\n#################\nFT = Float64\nvtkpath = \"vtk_split\"\n\nconst timeend = 5 * 24 * 3600 # s\nconst tout = 24 * 3600 # s\n#const timeend = 6 * 3600 # s\n#const tout = 6 * 3600 # s\n\nconst N = 4\nconst Nˣ = 20\nconst Nʸ = 20\nconst Nᶻ = 20\nconst Lˣ = 4e6 # m\nconst Lʸ = 4e6 # m\nconst H = 1000 # m\n\nxrange = range(FT(0); length = Nˣ + 1, stop = Lˣ)\nyrange = range(FT(0); length = Nʸ + 1, stop = Lʸ)\nzrange = range(FT(-H); length = Nᶻ + 1, stop = 0)\n\n#const cʰ = sqrt(gravity * H)\nconst cʰ = 1 # typical of ocean internal-wave speed\nconst cᶻ = 0\n\n#- inverse ratio of additional fast time steps (for weighted average)\n# --> do 1/add more time-steps and average from: 1 - 1/add up to: 1 + 1/add\n# e.g., = 1 --> 100% more ; = 2 --> 50% more ; = 3 --> 33% more ...\nadd_fast_substeps = 2\n\n#- number of Implicit vertical-diffusion sub-time-steps within one model full time-step\n# default = 0 : disable implicit vertical diffusion\nnumImplSteps = 0\n\n#const τₒ = 2e-1 # (Pa = N/m^2)\n# since we are using old BC (with factor of 2), take only half:\nconst τₒ = 1e-1\nconst λʳ = 10 // 86400 # m/s\nconst θᴱ = 10 # deg.", "C\n\nmain()\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.01251957006752491, 0.0006605192320421338, 0.0006258505745790899, 0.0007413864368572831, 0.0006854191306047142, 0.0007413864368572831, 0.0006499072187580168, 0.0007413864368572831, 0.0006807112949900329, 0.0007594965281896293, 0.007210081443190575, 0.0007601279066875577, 0.000683069636579603, 0.0007462674984708428, 0.00062723079463467, 0.0007629792089574039, 0.000676659750752151, 0.0010565831325948238, 0.0007056963513605297, 0.0009151541162282228, 0.0007629792089574039, 0.0007881318451836705, 0.0007998286164365709, 0.0007817894802428782, 0.0024465397000312805, 0.0008506803424097598, 0.0008404110558331013, 0.0008324680384248495, 0.0008154957904480398, 0.0007170639000833035, 0.0042793722823262215, 0.0008775765891186893, 0.0008398971403948963, 0.0008775765891186893, 0.0008818422793410718, 0.0008775765891186893, 0.000826031609904021, 0.0009188407566398382, 0.0013074764283373952, 0.0010411032708361745, 0.0006719729281030595, 0.0007662727148272097, 0.0012171685229986906, 0.003191400086507201, 0.0012303483672440052, 0.0014581825817003846, 0.007802392356097698, 0.005751502700150013, 0.0008922380511648953, 0.0027971910312771797, 0.0008803340024314821 ]

[ "College student suicidal ideation: Perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and meaning made of stress.", "\nThe interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) posits that suicidal ideation is interpersonal in nature. ", "More specifically, in the ITS, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness are dynamic cognitive-affective interpersonal states that engender suicidal ideation. ", "However, intrapersonal (i.e., within the self) existential protective factors for suicidal ideation, such as the ability to make meaning from stressful life events, remain relatively unexplored. ", "The authors examined the degree to which interpersonal and intrapersonal variables contribute to the variance of suicidal ideation in college students (n = 165). ", "Results indicated that students' meaning made of stress was negatively and uniquely associated with suicidal ideation after controlling for ITS interpersonal contributions." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.004812717903405428, 0.001584440004080534, 0.0008833240135572851, 0.0006245729746297002, 0.0006005089380778372, 0.0006606212118640542 ]

[ "/**\n * Prepros\n * (c) Subash Pathak\n * subash@subash.me\n * License: MIT\n */\n\n/*jshint browser: true, node: true*/\n/*global prepros*/\n\nprepros.filter('interpolatePath', [\n\n 'utils',\n\n function(utils) {\n\n 'use strict';\n\n var path = require('path');\n\n var CSS = 'CSS';\n var HTML = 'HTML';\n var JS = 'JS';\n var MINJS = 'MINJS';\n\n var typeMap = {};\n\n //Css\n typeMap.less = typeMap.sass = typeMap.scss = typeMap.styl = CSS;\n\n //Html\n typeMap.md = typeMap.markdown = typeMap.jade = typeMap.haml = typeMap.slim = HTML;\n\n //Javascript\n typeMap.ls = typeMap.coffee = JS;\n\n //minified javascript\n typeMap.js = MINJS;\n\n return function(filePath, project) {\n\n var ext = path.extname(filePath).slice(1).toLowerCase();\n\n filePath = path.join(project.path, filePath);\n\n //Change Output Extension\n switch (typeMap[ext]) {\n\n case CSS:\n\n filePath = path.join(path.dirname(filePath), path.basename(filePath).replace(new RegExp('.' ", "+ ext + '$'), '.css'));\n break;\n\n case HTML:\n\n filePath = path.join(path.dirname(filePath), path.basename(filePath).replace(new RegExp('.' ", "+ ext + '$'), project.config.htmlExtension));\n break;\n\n case JS:\n\n filePath = path.join(path.dirname(filePath), path.basename(filePath).replace(new RegExp('.' ", "+ ext + '$'), '.js'));\n break;\n\n case MINJS:\n\n filePath = path.join(path.dirname(filePath), path.basename(filePath).replace(new RegExp('.' ", "+ ext + '$'), '.min.js'));\n break;\n }\n\n var fileName = path.basename(filePath);\n var fileDir = path.dirname(filePath);\n\n switch (typeMap[ext]) {\n\n case CSS:\n\n switch (project.config.cssPathType) {\n\n case \"REPLACE_TYPE\":\n\n //Conver comma sepereted string to pipe seperated regx like string and escape special regx characters\n var cssTypes = project.config.cssTypes.split(',').map(function(type) {\n\n return type.trim().replace(/[-\\/\\\\^$*+?.()[\\]{}]/g, '\\\\$&');\n\n }).join('|');\n\n var cssRegX = new RegExp('(:?\\\\\\\\|/)(:?' ", "+ cssTypes + ')(:?", "\\\\\\\\|/)', 'gi');\n\n filePath = filePath.replace(cssRegX, path.sep + project.config.cssPath + path.sep);\n\n break;\n\n case \"RELATIVE_FILESDIR\":\n\n\n project.config.cssPreprocessorPath.split(',').forEach(function(cPath) {\n\n var cssPreprocessorDir = path.resolve(project.path, cPath);\n\n if (utils.isFileInsideFolder(cssPreprocessorDir, filePath)) {\n filePath = path.resolve(project.path, project.config.cssPath, path.relative(cssPreprocessorDir, filePath));\n }\n });\n\n break;\n\n case \"RELATIVE_FILEDIR\":\n\n filePath = path.resolve(fileDir, project.config.cssPath, fileName);\n\n break;\n }\n\n break;\n\n case HTML:\n\n switch (project.config.htmlPathType) {\n\n case \"REPLACE_TYPE\":\n\n var htmlTypes = project.config.htmlTypes.split(',').map(function(type) {\n\n return type.trim().replace(/[-\\/\\\\^$*+?.()[\\]{}]/g, '\\\\$&');\n\n }).join('|');\n\n var htmlRegX = new RegExp('(:?\\\\\\\\|\\/)(:?' ", "+ htmlTypes + ')(:?", "\\\\\\\\|\\/)', 'gi');\n\n filePath = filePath.replace(htmlRegX, path.sep + project.config.htmlPath + path.sep);\n\n break;\n\n case \"RELATIVE_FILESDIR\":\n\n project.config.htmlPreprocessorPath.split(',').forEach(function(hPath) {\n\n var htmlPreprocessorDir = path.resolve(project.path, hPath);\n\n if (utils.isFileInsideFolder(htmlPreprocessorDir, filePath)) {\n filePath = path.resolve(project.path, project.config.htmlPath, path.relative(htmlPreprocessorDir, filePath));\n }\n });\n\n break;\n\n case \"RELATIVE_FILEDIR\":\n\n filePath = path.resolve(fileDir, project.config.htmlPath, fileName);\n break;\n }\n\n break;\n\n case JS:\n\n switch (project.config.jsPathType) {\n\n case \"REPLACE_TYPE\":\n\n var jsTypes = project.config.jsTypes.split(',').map(function(type) {\n\n return type.trim().replace(/[-\\/\\\\^$*+?.()[\\]{}]/g, '\\\\$&');\n\n }).join('|');\n\n var jsRegX = new RegExp('(:?\\\\\\\\|\\/)(:?' ", "+ jsTypes + ')(:?", "\\\\\\\\|\\/)', 'gi');\n\n filePath = filePath.replace(jsRegX, path.sep + project.config.jsPath + path.sep);\n\n break;\n\n case \"RELATIVE_FILESDIR\":\n\n project.config.jsPreprocessorPath.split(',').forEach(function(jPath) {\n\n var jsPreprocessorDir = path.resolve(project.path, jPath);\n\n if (utils.isFileInsideFolder(jsPreprocessorDir, filePath)) {\n filePath = path.resolve(project.path, project.config.jsPath, path.relative(jsPreprocessorDir, filePath));\n }\n });\n\n break;\n\n case \"RELATIVE_FILEDIR\":\n\n filePath = path.resolve(fileDir, project.config.jsPath, fileName);\n\n break;\n }\n\n break;\n\n case MINJS:\n\n switch (project.config.minJsPathType) {\n\n case \"RELATIVE_FILESDIR\":\n\n project.config.minJsPreprocessorPath.split(',').forEach(function(jPath) {\n\n var minJsPreprocessorDir = path.resolve(project.path, jPath);\n\n if (utils.isFileInsideFolder(minJsPreprocessorDir, filePath)) {\n filePath = path.resolve(project.path, project.config.minJsPath, path.relative(minJsPreprocessorDir, filePath));\n }\n });\n\n break;\n\n case \"RELATIVE_FILEDIR\":\n\n filePath = path.join(fileDir, project.config.minJsPath, fileName);\n\n break;\n }\n\n break;\n }\n\n return path.normalize(filePath);\n };\n }\n]);\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.003190428949892521, 0.001137877581641078, 0.0011803078232333064, 0.0014687860384583473, 0.003579011419788003, 0.0008714744471944869, 0.002604125067591667, 0.0007871219422668219, 0.0027271423023194075, 0.0009440823923796415, 0.004880940541625023 ]

[ "This invention relates generally to boring tools and more particularly to so-called “spade bits,” which are typically used with a drill for drilling holes in wood.", "\nSpade bits are widely used for boring holes between approximately ¼″ and 1½″ diameter in wood and similar soft materials, because they are fast, true cutting, resharpenable, and relatively inexpensive. ", "Their name derives from the shape of the spadelike blade or cutter, in contrast to the spiral shape of augers and twist drills. ", "The blade, which is usually forged integrally from the shank, is relatively thin and flat and may have a width several times the diameter of the shank.", "\nOne known spade bit is disclosed in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,682,917. ", "A partial cross-section of this drill bit is shown drilling a bore in FIG. ", "6. ", "This bit 11 includes a blade 3 shoulder flute 5 adjacent the cutting edge of each shoulder. ", "The flute has a cross-sectional configuration having an inner surface portion 7 and an outer surface portion 9 where the outer portion and inner portion consist of planar surfaces that meet at an angle. ", "The shoulder flutes preferably do not extend all the way to the outer sides of the blade but rather stop inwardly of the sides of the blade.", "\nThe inventor of the present drill bit determined that because the surface portions 7 and 9 comprise substantially planar surfaces that meet at a relatively sharp angle, the approximate path of travel of chips generated by this bit is as shown by the arrows in FIG. ", "8. ", "Specifically the chips curl up face 9 until they strike face 7 at which point they are reflected at a relatively severe angle almost perpendicular to the direction of travel of the bit, represented by arrow C. The chips are trapped in the bore 13 where they are swirled around by the drill bit blade 3 as the drill bit rotates until the chips are eventually ejected from the bore.", "\nIt has been determined that moving the chips within the bore 13 by blade 3 slows the drilling rate and requires energy. ", "Thus, not only is the drilling rate slower than optimal, the amount of energy used to drill the bore is increased. ", "The use of excess energy to drill the bore can present a significant issue because many drills are battery powered such that the need for additional energy adversely affects the charge life of the battery resulting in the need for more frequent battery charges.", "\nThus, there is a need in the art for a bit that increases the drilling rate and that requires less power." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Night of drinking ends in fisticuffs, domestic assault charge\n\nBy Tanya Mitchell | Sep 26, 2013\n\nSource: Waldo County Sheriff's OfficeChristina Demmons\n\nWinterport — A Winterport woman spent the wee hours of Wednesday morning Sept. 25 in jail after police say she returned home intoxicated and struck her live-in boyfriend in the face at least four times.", "\n\nChristina Demmons, 30, of Winterport, was arrested on a charge of domestic assault early Wednesday morning after police responded to a report of an ongoing altercation at a Stream Road residence.", "\n\n\"The caller reported there was a fight going on between a male and a female, and that the female hit the male,\" said Waldo County Chief Deputy Jeff Trafton.", "\n\nTrafton said the report came from an individual who was staying in a camper in the driveway of the residence in which the fight was allegedly occurring.", "\n\nUpon arrival, officers learned Demmons, her boyfriend and their young children were visiting a friend's home earlier in the evening. ", "Demmons, her boyfriend and their hosts all had a few drinks, and Trafton said the boyfriend left the gathering to bring the children back home because it was getting late.", "\n\nDemmons remained at the friends' home until early Wednesday morning, and Trafton said when she returned home she started arguing with her boyfriend.", "\n\n\"When she returned home she was angry,\" said Trafton, who stated the initial report did not indicate why Demmons was so upset. \"", "She struck him three times with an open hand and once with a fist.\"", "\n\nAfter investigating at the scene, Trafton said police determined Demmons was the primary aggressor and placed her under arrest.", "\n\nDemmons is scheduled to appear at Fifth District Court in Belfast Tuesday, Oct. 8." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nGetting a specific row in frame animation libgdx java\n\nI have a spritesheet with a lot of different sprites on different rows and I can't find the solution on google anywhere. ", "Maybe I am not phrasing the question correctly. ", "I have a sprite sheet with an animation for walking running and attacking on different rows of the spritesheet is there a way to access a specific row for the sprite sheet? ", "Any help is greatly appreciated sorry for the noobish question.", "\n\nA:\n\nFrom https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/wiki/2D-Animation you can find an example that walks all frames in a spritesheet. ", "You would simply modify that to make separate animations for different rows. ", "I would modify the create method like this \npublic void create() {\n walkSheet = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal(\"animation_sheet.png\")); // #9\n TextureRegion[][] tmp = TextureRegion.split(walkSheet, walkSheet.getWidth()/FRAME_COLS, walkSheet.getHeight()/FRAME_ROWS); // #10\n walkFrames = new TextureRegion[FRAME_COLS];\n anim = new Animation[FRAME_ROWS];\n for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_ROWS; i++) {\n for (int j = 0; j < FRAME_COLS; j++) {\n walkFrames[j] = tmp[i][j];\n }\n anim[i] = new Animation(0.025f, walkFrames);\n }\n spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(); // #12\n stateTime = 0f; // #13\n}\n\nThen each anim[] will be a different row and you can access them by array index. ", "Animation[] anim; should be added as a field.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "gyrA and parC mutations in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nini Hospital in north Lebanon.", "\nThe problem of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to fluoroquinolones is of growing concern in hospitals. ", "The major mechanism of the resistance of this bacterium to fluoroquinolones is the modification of type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV). ", "In this study, we examined, using the technique of DNA pyrosequencing, mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA and parC genes of 38 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa that were non-susceptible to at least one of the three fluoroquinolones tested. ", "The most common origin of the isolates was sputum (44.7 %), followed by wounds (11 %), urine (5 %), and ear discharge (5 %). ", "Serotypes O:11 (21 %), O:2 (18.4 %), and O:6 (7.8 %), were the most predominant. ", "Among these 38 isolates, 11 were susceptible, 22 were resistant, and 5 were intermediate-resistant to ciprofloxacin. ", "We found that 19 (50 %) of these strains had a mutation in the gyrA gene (Thr 83 Ile), one of them presented a new mutation (His 80 Arg), 8 (21.05 %) strains had an additional mutation in the parC gene (Ser 80 Leu), and one of these strains had two new mutations not previously reported (Gln 84 Asp, Ala 85 Gly). ", "The ciprofloxacin-sensitive strains had no mutations in the sequence area examined. ", "We found that 81.8 % of the isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin had a mutation in the gyrA gene. ", "Some of these resistant strains also had a mutation in the parC gene. ", "The results of this study suggest that pyrosequencing is a reliable technique for the determination of the antibiotic resistance pattern of a given bacterial strain." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Do children have an adequate fluid intake? ", "Water balance studies carried out at home.", "\nIn 21 healthy children aged 6-11 years water balance studies were performed for 3 days at home. ", "Water intake was assessed from dietary records based on the precise weighing method and water loss was calculated from repeated measurements of body weight and urine collection. ", "Mean values (+/- SD) of all parameters of water balance are presented. ", "Water intake from food and drinks without metabolic water of 43.0 +/- 11.5 g/kg/day or 0.78 +/- 0.17 g/kcal (0.19 +/- 0.04 g/kJ) resulted in a urine volume of 22.5 +/- 7.7 g/kg/day and an osmolality of 24-hour urine samples of 756 +/- 199 mosm/kg. ", "From these data water intake seems to be low in these children. ", "In school-aged children water intake from food and drinks of 1 ml/kcal (0.24 ml/kJ) as recommended for adults (Recommended dietary allowances, 1980) would seem adequate, theoretically resulting in a urine volume of 35 +/- 14 g/kg/day and urine osmolality of 516 +/- 182 mosm/kg based on the data in our children." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Anesthesia monitors and equipment as well as surgical equipment have been invented, developed and sporadically introduced into surgical practice over more than a century. ", "This equipment is made by a wide variety of companies who have no incentive to coordinate with one another to create the most efficient operating room. ", "Equipment throughout the operating room has been placed in one location or another, generally without a plan and then decades later, is still sitting in that unplanned location. ", "For example, the first of the electronic monitors used during anesthesia was the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which was introduced into the operating room in the 1960's. ", "When EKGs became small enough to be placed on a shelf, getting it off of the floor, the most available shelf space somewhat near the patient, was above the anesthesia gas machine. ", "As more anesthesia related electronic monitors were developed and introduced into practice over the next 40 years, they were simply stacked on top of one another on the same shelf above the anesthesia machine. ", "Soon it was simply tradition that dictated that vital sign patient monitors are located over the anesthesia machine. ", "Eventually the independent anesthesia related monitors were consolidated into single units for convenience. ", "These consolidated multifunction anesthesia monitors were still placed on the same shelf above the anesthesia machine or on a mounting bracket attached to the anesthesia machine.", "\nJust because a shelf happens to be available does not mean that the anesthesia related monitors are ideally located. ", "The anesthesia machine is generally located to the side of and slightly behind the anesthetist, when standing at the head end of the surgical table facing the patient. ", "In many cases, the anesthesia machine is located behind the anesthetist. ", "Therefore, it is axiomatic that looking at or adjusting the anesthesia related monitors means that the anesthetist is not looking at the patient but rather looking away from the patient. ", "Therefore, when the patient is experiencing a problem and the anesthesia related monitors are reporting confusing or adverse information, the anesthetist is focused away from the patient.", "\nWhen the anesthesia related monitors are located in their present location over the anesthetic gas machine, the numerous wires, cables and hoses connecting the monitors to the patient are generally 10-12 feet long. ", "There is a minimum of 5 wires and 2 hoses and frequently as many as 10 wires, cables and 2 hoses connecting the monitors to the patient. ", "Electric patient warming blankets, mattresses and fluid warmers are also rapidly gaining acceptance. ", "The controller for the electric warming products is generally located adjacent the anesthesia machine and the 3-6 cables connecting the controller to the warming blankets and mattresses on the patient are 12-15 feet long. ", "Cables and hoses tangled and laying on the floor are clearly a problem in the operating room, causing not only inconvenience but getting contaminated and causing a tripping hazard for operating room personnel.", "\nCable and hose management on the surgical side of the anesthetic screen (e.g., sheet perpendicular to the table across the neck region of a patient) is also a problem that has developed haphazardly over the past century. ", "Numerous pieces of surgical equipment have been parked somewhat randomly in the middle of the operating room, each causing an obstruction to traffic flow. ", "Each of these pieces of equipment has a power cord or hose that lays on the floor extending to the wall outlet. ", "Each of these pieces of equipment has one or more cables and/or hoses that lays on the floor extending to the sterile field of the surgical table. ", "Every cable and hose on the floor is a hazard for tripping operating room personnel. ", "Every cable and hose on the floor is an obstruction for other rolling equipment and carts and is at risk of damage from these carts, needing replacement.", "\nA typical operating room (OR) has numerous alarms that monitor the patient's vital signs during a procedure, like heart rate and blood pressure, but the complication of multiple alarms ringing simultaneously, and frequent false positives creates a very distracting OR environment.", "\nThe various equipment such as electrosurgical units, smoke evacuation pumps, sequential compression sleeve pumps, blood/fluid suction units, and air mattress pumps are scattered about the operating room creating their own obstacles. ", "Wherever the surgical equipment is located in the operating room on the surgical side of the anesthesia screen, the cables and hoses traverse to the sterile field on the surgical table by way of laying on the floor and becoming obstacles.", "\nWaste heat and air discharged from heater-cooler units (HCU) near the floor can form into convection currents of rising warm air and mobilize bacteria up and into the sterile surgical field.", "\nFlow-boundary layers of still air form next to the surgeons and anesthesia screen, preventing the downward airflow from even the best operating room ceiling ventilation systems from reaching the sterile field. ", "When the ventilation airflow slows, the airborne contaminants and bacteria have the opportunity to settle into the open wound.", "\nIn some situations, oxygen and alcohol vapors trapped under the surgical drape pose a burn hazard to the patient in the presence of an electro-cautery spark." ]

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[ "NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Propylene Glycol (PG).", "\nThe National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for propylene glycol (PG) to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. ", "PG was selected for evaluation because of the potential for widespread human exposure through its use in food, tobacco, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, various paints and coatings and as an antifreeze and de-icing solution. ", "PG is a small, hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbon used as a chemical intermediate in the production of unsaturated polyester resins and in the production of plasticizers. ", "The results of this evaluation on PG are published in an NTP-CERHR monograph which includes: 1) the NTP Brief, 2) the Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Propylene Glycol, and 3) public comments received on the Expert Panel Report. ", "As stated in the NTP Brief, the NTP reached the following conclusions regarding the possible effects of exposure to PG on human development and reproduction. ", "There is negligible concern for adverse developmental and reproductive effects in humans at current, proposed, or estimated exposure levels. ", "There is no direct evidence that exposure of people to PG adversely affects reproduction or development. ", "Studies in pregnant laboratory animals at oral doses of PG greater than 1,200 mg/kg body weight/ day and up to 10,400 mg/kg body weight/day in mice, did not produce developmental toxicity in offspring. ", "In a continuous breeding study, no effects on fertility were observed in male or female mice at doses up to 10,100 mg/kg body weight/day in drinking water. ", "The pharmacokinetics of PG indicates that the lack of adverse effects observed in laboratory animals is relevant to humans. ", "The rate-limiting step in PG metabolism is conversion to the more toxic lactaldehyde product by alcohol dehydrogenase. ", "Studies indicate that this enzyme saturates in humans at doses 8-10- fold lower than in rats and rabbits, thus affording less toxicity in humans. ", "It is estimated that the average daily intake of PG from food products in the US is 34 mg/kg body weight/day for a 70 kg person, which is over 300 -fold lower than the highest dose tested in laboratory animals. ", "NTP-CERHR monographs are transmitted to federal and state agencies, interested parties, and the public and are available in electronic PDF format on the CERHR web site (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov) and in printed text or CD-ROM from the CERHR (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD EC-32, Research Triangle Park, NC; fax: 919-316-4511)." ]

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[ "♪ Looking around at 22 ♪\n♪ And so tired of myself around you ♪\n♪ Maybe I don't fit your ideals anymore ♪\n♪ Or maybe I just grew up into a bore ♪\n♪ I know that I shouldn't call you ♪\n♪ But in this light we are all blue ♪\n♪ I just wanna feel like I'm ♪\n♪ Neatly designed ♪\n♪ Like a telephone pole ♪\n♪ I want to feel whole ♪\n♪ Do you wanna go on a date ♪\n♪ Or would that be hard to orchestrate ♪\n♪ When you close your dreamy eyes ♪\n♪ Are they even close\nto dreaming of mine ♪\n♪ You could take me and my apathy ♪\n♪ Turn us into clarity ♪\n" ]

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[ "The invention pertains to the manufacture of a stent carrying balloon catheter having a predetermined arrangement of differentially lubricious areas on the balloon catheter to prevent unexpected movement of the stent when in situ in the body and to insure precise stent deployment.", "\nThis invention relates to stent carrying balloon catheters, sometimes referred to as dilatation catheters, for use in angioplasty and other various vessel repair procedures. ", "Angioplasty has become recognized as an efficient and effective method of opening stenoses in the vascular system. ", "In the most widely used form of angioplasty, a balloon catheter is guided through the vascular system until the balloon, which is carried at the distal end of a catheter shaft, and which may carry an expandable stent, is positioned across the stenosis or lesion, i.e., vessel obstruction. ", "The balloon is then inflated to apply pressure to the obstruction which is essentially remolded by pressing it against the inner wall of the vessel whereby the vessel is opened for improved flow. ", "Due the expansion of the balloon, the stent, which is situated on the balloon, is also expanded and released to aid in support and/or repair of the vessel wall.", "\nBalloon catheters are of various types. ", "One type is fed over a guide wire (i.e., xe2x80x9cover-the-wirexe2x80x9d catheters) and another type serves as its own guide wire (i.e., xe2x80x9cfixed-wirexe2x80x9d catheters). ", "Variations of these two basic types also have been developed such as the so called xe2x80x9crapid exchangexe2x80x9d type, xe2x80x9cinnerlessxe2x80x9d catheters, and others. ", "As used herein, the term xe2x80x9cballoon catheterxe2x80x9d is meant to include all of the various types of angioplasty catheters which carry a balloon for performing angioplasty and any other type of stent carrying balloon catheter. ", "Balloon catheters may also be of a wide variety of inner structure, such as different lumen design, of which there are at least three basic types: triple lumen, dual lumen and co-axial lumen. ", "All varieties of internal structure and design variation are meant to be included by use of the term xe2x80x9cballoon catheterxe2x80x9d herein.", "\nWhen used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), the balloon catheter is typically advanced through a guide catheter to a preselected vessel location, such as the aorta, for example. ", "Using fluoroscopy, the surgeon manipulates the catheter until the balloon is located across the stenosis or obstruction. ", "As already pointed out, this may involve the use of a guide wire over which the catheter is moved or alternatively the catheter may act as its own guide wire, depending on the particular design. ", "The manipulation of the stent carrying balloon catheter through the guide catheter and through the vessels to the obstruction requires the balloon catheter to have a number of different features.", "\nOne such feature is the use of a lubricious coating over the exterior surfaces of the catheter and balloon to facilitate movement of the catheter through the sometimes tortuous paths within the vascular system to the preselected vessel location for performing the angioplasty. ", "A wide variety of such lubricious coatings have become commonplace for use with respect to catheters and other devices which are insertable into the body in connection with surgical procedures and the like. ", "All such coatings are intended to be included herein with respect to the use of the term xe2x80x9clubricious coatingxe2x80x9d. ", "Examples of such coatings include silicone and most preferably hydrophilic coatings involving hydrogel polymers or the like, such as polymer networks of a vinyl polymer and an uncrosslinked hydrogel, for example. ", "Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a preferred hydrogel. ", "A preferred vinyl polymer is neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPG). ", "Such compositions are more fully disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application, Ser. ", "No. ", "07/809,889 which is assigned to the same assignee as is the present invention and which is incorporated herein by reference.", "\nThese coatings have even been known to include certain agents such as drugs which may be permanently entrapped in the coating or leachable therefrom into the body. ", "For example, heparin has been used in such a fashion. ", "Heparin is well known as an agent which is often used to inhibit clot formation in the blood. ", "Again, the term xe2x80x9clubricious coatingxe2x80x9d is meant to include all such variations.", "\nOne problem with a stent carrying balloon catheter having a lubricious coating is that during location and release of the carried stent, the stent tends to slip off the balloon due to the lubricious coating on the balloon. ", "Coating both the shaft and balloon of the catheter inhibits the doctor\"\"s ability to locate, activate and deploy stents at any particular lesion. ", "The stent is sometimes worked off the balloon portion during the insertion of the catheter and during the expansion of the balloon. ", "This unexpected movement of the stent might be regarded negatively by a surgeon. ", "The present invention provides for more secure connection between the balloon and the stent to prevent such slippage. ", "Thus, though high lubricity is desirable for general movement, it is also desirable to provide a means of anchoring or positioning the stent in a fixed location on the balloon so as to avoid unexpected movement thereof upon the balloon during positioning and expansion.", "\nThe invention is a stent delivery catheter which has a lubricious coating on the shaft and, either, partial or no lubricious coating or an adhesive coating, or a combination thereof on the balloon. ", "The lubricious coating, which is preferably hydrophilic, provides lubricity to the catheter while the uncoated or partially coated or adhesive coated balloon is able to retain the stent during positioning and release without concern for coating induced slippage. ", "This is accomplished by the present invention through the selective arrangement of lubricious and/or adhesive coatings on the balloon catheter in which at least a portion of the balloon body is uncoated or less slippery or tacky while a relatively more lubricious coating is placed on at least a substantial portion of the catheter shaft extending in a proximal direction from the balloon toward the proximal end of the catheter shaft.", "\nGenerally then, the invention contemplates an improvement in the arrangement of lubricious coating(s) and/or adhesive coating(s) on the catheter to avoid stent slippage and to better anchor the stent in position for performing angioplasty or other vessel repair. ", "This is accomplished by what may be termed herein as xe2x80x9cdifferential coatingxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselective lubricatingxe2x80x9d. ", "By this is meant that the lubricious properties of the catheter are selectively designed or constructed and arranged in a predetermined manner such that the catheter shaft i.e, substantially all of the catheter generally exhibits more lubricity than the balloon generally. ", "In short, the catheter is more slippery than the balloon, relatively speaking. ", "It can be seen that an important feature of the invention lies in the uncoated or less slippery balloon or portion thereof relative to the rest of the catheter so that the stent is more controllable.", "\nSuch an arrangement may be accomplished in a number of different ways. ", "For example, in one embodiment, a lubricious coating may be provided over substantially the entire catheter, except for the balloon per se. ", "In this embodiment, the balloon does not include any lubricious coating at all. ", "The stent, which is placed over the balloon, is therefore not susceptible to slippage due to the greater coefficient of friction than a balloon with lubricant might have.", "\nThe balloon also may be coated partially or with a less lubricious or less slippery coating than the coating covering the shaft of the catheter. ", "In such an instance, two different coatings may be used, such as a PEO composition as aforementioned on the catheter shaft and so forth, while a silicone coating is placed on the balloon per se. ", "The balloon may also have specific areas coated, while leaving others uncovered to provide suitable contact with the stent.", "\nIn another variation, different compositions of PEO may be used on the shaft and balloon. ", "In the PEO compositions aforementioned, comprised of PEO and NPG in isopropyl alcohol and water, variations in the amount of PEO content affect the final lubricity of the composition; the higher the percentage PEO, the higher the lubricity. ", "Therefore, one may utilize a relatively higher percentage PEO composition on a catheter shaft and a relatively low percentage composition on the balloon to achieve the ends of this invention also i.e., xe2x80x9cdifferentialxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselectivexe2x80x9d lubricity over a catheter. ", "Of course, other compositions may also be utilized in this way.", "\nAnother embodiment comprises a coated catheter shaft, coated balloon cones and a coating on at least the distal waist of the balloon extending to the distal catheter tip, the balance of the balloon body having no coating or one of less lubricity.", "\nIn an additional embodiment, both the proximal and distal balloon cones are so coated similarly to the catheter shaft or at least the distal cone. ", "In accordance with the invention, the balance of the balloon body is uncoated or coated with a relatively less lubricious coating.", "\nIn still a further embodiment, the balloon is partially or entirely coated with a tacky adhesive.", "\nThe advantage of the present invention is the ability to have a coated catheter which offers ease of movement through the vasculature along with the ability to effectively engage and deploy stents at any particular lesion without slippage or premature activation." ]

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[ "Qualys WAS 4.0 New Features\n\nIt is no surprise that web application attacks are the highest frequency breach incident classification based on the findings in the 2014 Verizon Data Breach Investigation Report (DBIR). ", "This information just confirms what most organizations are already seeing – that there has been a dramatic increase in the number and scope of web application attacks against web properties that are the critical revenue generating assets of the business. ", "To combat the increase in the intensity of attacks, organizations need to improve their ability to identify web application vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. ", "Organizations need a way to easily and cost effectively discover and scan all the web application in their environments so they can find and fix security vulnerabilities before they cause legal and financial impact. ", "Organizations need automated and scalable tools that improve the coverage and flexibility of web application vulnerability scanning, while adding more powerful reporting features to ensure that the right stakeholders receive the targeted metrics they need to ensure the vulnerability scanning program is efficient and effective. ", "Qualys WAS 4.0 provides organizations with the increased scan coverage and enhanced reporting capabilities organizations need to keep their web applications hardened against attack and protected against business disruptions.", "\n\nFeature highlights include: Progressive scanning to enhance vulnerability testing coverage and provide automated test continuation from scan to scan, enhancing scan results and enabling more flexibility in scheduling scans that will ease the burden on understaffed IT Security teams. ", "The new Reporting Templates will also enable organization to deliver targeted application security metrics to each stakeholder in the program, whether it is an executive who needs a high level overview of the program, or a developer that needs vulnerability details for one web app he is responsible for. ", "Additional enhancements to exclude tagged applications and randomize MultiScan also gives organizations better options to manage the impact of scalable scanning on their environments.", "\n\nQualys WAS 4.0 will be released in production in Mid-December 2014 with the exact date depending on the platform. ", "Details about the release schedule are at the end of this blog post.", "\n\nScanning Enhancements\n\nIncrease coverage and schedule flexibility with Progressive Scanning: Qualys WAS 4.0 introduces Progressive Scanning to improve testing coverage and scheduling flexibility. ", "Progressive scanning combines two new capabilities: Progressive Crawling that expands the testing coverage for web applications over time. ", "Each scan builds upon the information obtain in previous scans, prioritizing new content areas to expand coverage. ", "Progressive Testing that enhances the flexibility of scanning by automatically starting, stopping and resuming scans across your networks without manual intervention. ", "The best thing about Progressive Scanning is that it is all automatic. ", "Users don’t have to do anything – it will be enabled by default for subscriptions that utilize this feature. ", "Progressive scanning is a limited availability feature, so if you are interested in becoming an early adopter, please contact your TAM or support@qualys.com\n\nProgressive Scanning – Enabled by default for enrolled subscriptions\n\nMultiScan – Exclude tags from the scan for greater targeting flexibility: This feature enables users to exclude certain tagged web applications from scanning. ", "For example you may have situations where you have a set of tagged web apps that you want to scan regularly, but each week there may be some web apps that you do not want to scan – just that week. ", "Now you can easily exclude certain web apps by selecting tags instead of taking other more complicated steps, making it easier to target just the applications you want.", "\n\nMultiScan Exclude Tags\n\nMulti-Scan – Randomize the ordering of scans to improve performance: By selecting the “Randomize scan” option we’ll scan the selected web applications in random order. ", "This helps to avoid network slowdowns/errors triggered by scanning too many web apps hosted on the same infrastructure at the same time.", "\n\nMultiScan Randomize Scan Order\n\nSimplify scanning with enhanced dynamic search lists: It’s easier to define dynamic search lists using the search list wizard. ", "The layout of the search criteria section makes it easier to select the various criteria used to select vulnerabilities. ", "At least one of the criteria must be selected in order to save the list.", "\n\nEnhanced Dynamic Search Lists\n\nEasily identify QIDs that require Form authentication: You’ll see Form for Authentication Method when the QID requires Form authentication in order for it to be detected. ", "For example, for QID 150071 we require Form authentication. ", "This will save you time when you need to target those vulnerabilities that are specific to form authenticated sites.", "\n\nReporting Enhancements\n\nTarget Application Security Stakeholders with new Report Templates: For Qualys WAS 4.0 we’ve added customizable report templates. ", "Now you can create reports with the specific information you’re interested in, and it’s easy to deliver the right information to any application stakeholder, whether it is an executive who needs a high level overview of the program, or a developer that needs vulnerability details for one web app he is responsible for. ", "And with Tags, you can scope specific templates to organizational units within your organization, providing even more granularity to bring more consistency to your web application scanning program.", "\n\nReport Templates\n\nGain Better Context with New Severity Levels Appendix: The new Severity Levels appendix tells you what the severity levels mean. ", "You’ll see this appendix in your Scan and Web Application Reports by default. ", "Want to remove it? ", "It’s easy, just create a custom report template, remove display option Appendix Severity Levels, and run the template.", "\n\nReport Severity Levels Appendix\n\nEasily identify Information Gathered results: The results section now clearly identifies Information Gathered detections in a group with this name.", "\n\nInformation Gathered (IG) results\n\nWeb Application Enhancements\n\nWeb Apps List – Save time with more last scan status filters: New filters give you more ways to manage web applications. ", "For example you might want to remove web applications if the last scan status is No Host Alive or No Web Service. ", "If the status is Time Limit Exceeded you might want to review the web application performance or change the web application settings to limit the scope of scanning.", "\n\nWeb App Last Scan Filter\n\nRelease Schedule\n\nFor details about the release dates for specific platforms and to subscribe to release notifications by email, please see the following:" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Here's a picture for you. ", " August 16th is my retirement ceremony. ", " Hope they\nlet you and Beth off. ", " Would be great if you could be here.", "\nDad\n_________________________________________________________________\nGet your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com\n\n - harley-boy.jpg" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Enron Emails" }

[ 0.0009320062235929072, 0.0006826001335866749, 0.03233147785067558, 0.000528073578607291, 0.003147680079564452 ]

[ "Renal function after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.", "\nBackground Renal dysfunction is a well-recognized major complication after coronary artery bypass grafting. ", "Off-pump coronary artery bypass theoretically appears to have less impact on renal function. ", "We estimated preoperative and postoperative creatinine clearance as a marker of renal dysfunction in patients undergoing off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass. ", "Methods Thirty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass were randomly allocated to undergo either on-pump ( n = 15) or off-pump surgery ( n = 15). ", "The two groups had similar preoperative demographic characteristics. ", "Serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were measured for 4 days postoperatively and the results were compared with preoperative levels. ", "Results The rise in serum creatinine on postoperative day 1 was 0.28 mgċdL-1 in the on-pump group and 0.22 mgċdL-1 in the off-pump group ( p = 0.27); on postoperative day 4 it was 0.15 mgċdL-1 and 0.10 mgċdL-1, respectively, ( p = 0.28). ", "Similarly, the fall in creatinine clearance was 17.34 mLċmin-1 in the on-pump group and 19.62 mLċmin-1 in the off-pump group on postoperative day 1 ( p = 0.42), and 10.9 and 10.94 mLċmin-1, respectively, on postoperative day 4 ( p = 0.64). ", "Conclusion Renal function is not affected by the technique of coronary artery bypass surgery, whether with or without cardiopulmonary bypass, in spite of the theoretical advantage of off-pump surgery. ", "Our study suggests that off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery does not confer significant protection from postoperative renal dysfunction in low-risk patients, when compared with on-pump surgery." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "---\nabstract: 'The presence of subphases in spin-density wave (SDW) phase of [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{} has been suggested by several experiments but the nature of the new phase is still controversial. ", "We have investigated the temperature dependence of the angular dependence of the magnetoresistance in the SDW phase which shows different features for temperatures above and below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{}. ", "For $T > 4$ K the magnetoresistance can be understood in terms of the Landau quantization of the quasiparticle spectrum in a magnetic field, where the imperfect nesting plays the crucial role. ", "We propose that below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{} the new unconventional SDW (USDW) appears modifying dramatically the quasiparticle spectrum. ", "Unlike conventional SDW the order parameter of USDW depends on the quasiparticle momentum $\\Delta_1({{\\mathbf{k}}})\\propto \\cos 2bk_y$. The present model describes many features of the angular dependence of magnetoresistance reasonably well. ", "Therefore, we may conclude that the subphase in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{} is described as SDW plus USDW.'", "\nauthor:\n- Mario Basletić\n- 'Bojana Korin-Hamzić'\n- Kazumi Maki\nbibliography:\n- 'mbasletic.bib'\ntitle: 'Unconventional Spin Density Wave in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{}'\n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nThe very anisotropic organic conductors [[(TMTSF)$_2$X]{}]{} (where TMTSF is tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene and X = PF$_6$, AsF$_6$, ClO$_4$ … stands for monovalent anion) or Bechgaard salts continue to attract much attention since the discovery of their superconductivity in 1979.[@JeromeJP80] A variety of electronic ground states under pressure and/or magnetic field, (conventional) spin density wave (SDW), field induced spin density wave (FISDW) with quantum Hall effect and unconventional (most likely $p-$wave) superconductivity, are very intriguing.[@IshiguroBook98; @LeePRL02]\n\n[[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} is metallic down to ${T_{\\text{SDW}}}\\approx 12$ K, where the transition into the semiconducting SDW state occurs. ", "It is known that SDW in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} undergoes another transition at ${T^\\star}\\approx{T_{\\text{SDW}}}/3$ (at 3.5–4 K at ambient pressure).[@TakahashiJPSJ86; @TakahashiSM91; @LasjauniasPRL94] The indication of the subphase transition was first seen by NMR,[@TakahashiJPSJ86] where $T^{-1}_1$ diverges and the spin susceptibility changes at ${T^\\star}$. The transition at ${T^\\star}$ is preserved through the entire $P-T$ phase diagram. ", "Furthermore, a calorimetric transition at 3.5 K, with a large hysteretic phenomena in the temperature range 2.5–4 K (caused by the sample history), has been observed and interpreted as an indication of a glass transition.[@LasjauniasPRL94] On the other hand, the low frequency dielectric relaxation of SDW in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} did not show the existence of the glass transition.[@TomicSM97] Since then, the SDW state was widely investigated, but the nature of the possible subphases remains controversial. ", "Our study of the angular dependence of the magnetoresistance (MR) for [${{{\\mathbf{{{\\mathbf{B}}}}}\\|{\\mathbf{({{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{b'}}}}})}}}}$]{} plane has shown dramatically different features above and below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{}.[@BasleticSM99; @KorinHamzicJP99] However, taking into account our MR results for temperatures $T \\geq 2.2$ K, the transition at ${T^\\star}$ appears to be unique to [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{}, as it has not been identified for X = AsF$_6$ and ClO$_4$.[@KorinHamzicSM01] On the other hand, there are a few reports[@KagoshimaSSC99; @LasjauniasEJB99] indicating similar transition in [(TMTSF)$_2$AsF$_6$]{}, though less pronounced than in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{}. ", "Therefore, at this moment, we cannot exclude the presence of similar transitions in other Bechgaard salts.", "\n\nRecently, we have studied the MR in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{}, with a magnetic field rotated within the [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} plane, which behaves differently for $T>4$ K and $T<4$ K at ambient pressure.[@KorinHamzicEPL98] For $T>4$ K the magnetoresistance was described in terms of the quasiparticles scattered by the [[${\\mathbf{k}}$]{}]{} dependent scattering rate (where [[${\\mathbf{k}}$]{}]{} is the quasiparticle wave vector). ", "In other words, we could understand the magnetotransport in terms of the standard Fermi liquid theory, i.e. by the quasiparticles with the energy gap given in the model with imperfect nesting.[@HuangPRB89] In spite of the fact that for $T<4$ K we had to introduce a rather artificial scattering rate $\\Gamma(\\phi=bk_y)$ the description of the resistance along the [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{} axis was not satisfactory.[@KorinHamzicEPL98]\n\nMore recently, an unconventional density wave (USDW and UCWD) was proposed as a possible ground state of the electronic systems in organic conductors and heavy fermion systems.[@DoraEJB167; @NersesyanJPCM91; @IkedaPRL98; @BenfattoEPJB; @ChakravertyPRB01] Unlike the conventional SDW, the USDW is defined as the SDW where the order parameter $\\Delta({{\\mathbf{k}}})$ depends on the quasi-particle momentum [[${\\mathbf{k}}$]{}]{}. ", "In spite of a clear thermodynamic signal (as in the usual mean field-like transition), the first order term in $\\Delta({{\\mathbf{k}}})$, corresponding to local charge or local spin, is invisible. ", "Consequently, these states may be called the phase with hidden order parameter.[@ChakravertyPRB01] UCWD has been identified very recently, from the temperature dependence of the threshold electric field,[@BasleticSM01] in the low temperature phase of $\\alpha$-(ET)$_2$KHg(SCN)$_4$.[@DoraPRB01] Similarly, a mysterious micromagnetism seen in AF phase of URu$_2$Si$_2$ could also be interpreted in terms of USDW.[@VirosztekCONDMAT0112]\n\nThe aim of this work was to see if the presence of possible subphases in the SDW below 4 K could be observed in the temperature dependence of the conductivity and MR as well as in the anisotropy of the MR. ", "In this paper we compare the experimental MR data of [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} in the SDW state, showing the pronounced differences for $T>4$ K and $T<4$ K, with our new theoretical results (preliminary results in Ref.). ", "We propose that the anomaly at [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{} in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} signals the appearance of USDW. ", "We point out that USDW requires more subtle balance between different interaction terms than conventional SDW,[@DoraEJB167] and consequently it is perhaps not easily find in other Bechgaard salts.", "\n\nExperiment.", "\n===========\n\nThe measurements were done down to 2 K in magnetic fields up to 5 T and with different directions of the current (through the crystal) and different orientations of magnetic field. ", "A rotating sample holder enabled the sample rotation around a chosen axis over a range of $190{^\\circ}$. The single crystals used come all from the same batch. ", "Their [${{\\mathbf{a}}}$]{} direction is the highest conductivity direction, the [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{}direction (with intermediate conductivity) is perpendicular to [${{\\mathbf{a}}}$]{} in the ${{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{\\mathbf{b}}}$ plane and [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} direction (with the lowest conductivity) is perpendicular to the ${{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{\\mathbf{b}}}$ (and [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{b'}}}}}$]{}). ", "The room temperature conductivity values for $\\sigma_{{\\mathbf{a}}}$, $\\sigma_{\\mathbf{b}}$, and $\\sigma_{\\mathbf{c}}$ are 500 [$(\\Omega\\,\\text{cm})^{-1}$]{}, 20 [$(\\Omega\\,\\text{cm})^{-1}$]{}, and 1/35 [$(\\Omega\\,\\text{cm})^{-1}$]{} respectively.", "\n\nThe experimental MR data, that will be analyzed here, are for [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} and [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{} axis and for different orientations of magnetic field. ", "The MR, defined as ${\\Delta\\rho/\\rho_0}= [\\rho(B)-\\rho(0)]/\\rho(0)$, was measured in various four probe arrangements on samples cut from a long crystal. ", "Moreover, the measurements of [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{}axis MR, for two different magnetic field rotations, were performed on the same sample but which was cut to two parts. ", "In the case of $\\rho_{\\mathbf{b}}$ ([${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{}) two pairs of the contacts were placed on the opposite [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} surfaces while for $\\rho_{\\mathbf{c}}$ ([${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}) on the opposite [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{b'}}}}}$]{} surfaces. ", "We used very slow cooling rates (about 2–5 K per hour) to avoid the appearance of the irreversible resistance jumps usually encountered for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{a}}}}$]{} measurements. ", "This was especially important for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} geometry, where additional care was required to avoid possible mixture of $\\sigma_{\\mathbf{b}}$ and $\\sigma_{\\mathbf{c}}$ conductivities.[@KorinHamzicEPL98] This can be described by using the concept of the equivalent isotropic sample that gives a simple picture of the current distribution in the anisotropic sample.[@CooperMCLC85] The eligible test for properly measured [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{}-axis resistivity is linear temperature dependence at high temperatures.[@BechgaardSSC80] Namely, there is a non-monotonic temperature dependence of $\\rho_{\\mathbf{c}}$ in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} at ambient pressure going through a well characterized maximum at 80 K in contrast to the results for $\\rho_{\\mathbf{a}}$ ($\\propto T^2$) and $\\rho_{\\mathbf{b}}$ ($\\propto\nT$) exhibiting a monotonous, metallic-like decrease upon lowering temperature.", "\n\nFigure \\[fig:config\\] present three configurations that will be analyzed in this work: a) [Fig.", " \\[fig:config\\]]{} shows the case when the current direction is along the [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{} axis and the magnetic field is rotated in the [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} ([${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{}, [${{{\\mathbf{{{\\mathbf{B}}}}}\\|{\\mathbf{({{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}})}}}}$]{}) perpendicular to the current direction. ", "$\\theta$ is the angle between [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} and the [${{\\mathbf{a}}}$]{} axis, i.e. $\\theta=0$ for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{a}}}}$]{} and $\\theta=90{^\\circ}$ for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}. ", "b) [Fig.", " \\[fig:config\\]]{} shows the case when the current direction is along the [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} axis and the magnetic field is rotated in the [${{{{\\mathbf{b'}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} plane ([${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, [${{{\\mathbf{{{\\mathbf{B}}}}}\\|{\\mathbf{({{{{\\mathbf{b'}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}})}}}}$]{}). ", "$\\theta$ is the angle between [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} and the [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{} axis, i.e. $\\theta=0$ for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and $\\theta=90{^\\circ}$ for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}. ", "c) [Fig.", " \\[fig:config\\]]{} shows the case when the current direction is along the [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} axis and the magnetic field is rotated in the\n\n![", "\\[fig:config\\] Three configurations (case , and ) of the current [${{\\mathbf{j}}}$]{}and magnetic field [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} direction. (", "See text for a detailed explanation.)](config){width=\"8.5cm\"}\n\n[${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{b'}}}}}$]{} plane ([${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, [${{{\\mathbf{{{\\mathbf{B}}}}}\\|{\\mathbf{({{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{b'}}}}})}}}}$]{}) perpendicular to the current direction. ", "$\\theta$ is the angle between [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{}and the [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{} axis, i.e. $\\theta=0$ for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and $\\theta=90{^\\circ}$ for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{a}}}}$]{}.", "\n\nModel, results and discussion.", "\n==============================\n\nQuasiparticle spectrum above [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{}.", "\n------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe limit ourselves to the [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} axis magnetoresistance, i.e. to the case when the current [${{\\mathbf{j}}}$]{}direction is along the [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} axis, the magnetic field is rotated in the [${{{{\\mathbf{b'}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} plane with $\\theta =\n\\measuredangle({{\\mathbf{b'}}}, {{\\mathbf{B}}})$. We leave a detailed analysis for another current directions and magnetic field orientations above 4 K for a future publication.", "\n\nThe Landau quantization of the quasiparticle spectrum appears to describe very well the observed results. ", "In the limit of perfect nesting all the electron orbits are open and there will be no Landau quantization. ", "On the other hand, in the presence of the imperfect nesting[@HuangPRB89] as in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} the quasiparticle energy landscape develops local minima at $k_z=\\pm k_F$, $k_y=\\pm\\pi/2b$. In other words, closed orbits appear and they will be quantized in the presence of a magnetic field.", "\n\nFor $T>4$ K the quasiparticle energy is given by:[@KorinHamzicEPL98] $$\\begin{aligned}\nE_{{\\mathbf{k}}}& = & \\sqrt{\\eta^2+\\Delta^2}-{\\varepsilon_0}\\cos 2bk_y \\nonumber \\\\\n & \\approx & \\Delta - {\\varepsilon_0}+ \\frac{1}{2\\Delta}\\eta^2 + 2{\\varepsilon_0}b^2k_y^2\\,, \\label{eq:QPEnergyAbove}\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\eta=\\left[ v_a^2(k_x-k_F)^2 + v_c^2k_z^2 \\right]^{1/2}$ is the quasiparticle energy in the normal state ($v_a$ and $v_c$ are Fermi velocities in [${{\\mathbf{a}}}$]{} and [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} direction, respectively), $\\Delta$ ($\\approx 34$ K) is the order parameter for conventional SDW and ${\\varepsilon_0}$ ($\\approx 13$ K) is the parameter characterizing the imperfect nesting effect.[@KorinHamzicEPL98] The quasiparticle energy is expanded for small $(k_x-k_F)^2$ and $k_y^2$. In a presence of a magnetic field within the [${{{{\\mathbf{b'}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{}plane, with $\\theta$ being the angle between the magnetic field [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} and the [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{} axis, the minimum energy (i.e. the energy gap) in [Eq.", " (\\[eq:QPEnergyAbove\\])]{} is given by: $$\\label{eq:EnergyGapAbove}\nE(B,\\theta) \\approx \\Delta - {\\varepsilon_0}+ \\sqrt{\\frac{{\\varepsilon_0}}{\\Delta}}\\,v_a b e B{\\sqrt{{\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{2}\\cos^2\\theta}}}\\,,$$ with $\\gamma_2=(1/{\\varepsilon_0}\\Delta)(v_c/2b)^2$. For $B=0$ the resistance is given as $\\rho_{zz}(T,0)\\propto\n\\exp[\\beta E(0,\\theta)]$, whereas for $B\\neq0$ we have: $$\\label{eq:MRzzAboveProp}\n\\rho_{zz}(T,B) \\propto B{\\sqrt{{\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{2}\\cos^2\\theta}}}\\,e^{\\beta E(B,\\theta)}\\,.$$ First, we note that the energy gap is given in the both limits ($B=0$ and $B\\neq 0$) by [Eq.", " (\\[eq:EnergyGapAbove\\])]{}. ", "Second, for $\\omega_c\\tau>1$, where $\\omega_c$ is the cyclotron frequency and $\\tau$ is the scattering rate, $\\rho_{zz}(T,B)$ contains a $B$ linear coefficient. ", "So, we may interpolate these expressions as: $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:MRzzAbove}\n\\rho_{zz}(B,T) & \\approx & e^{ \\beta (\\Delta-{\\varepsilon_0}) \\left( 1+A_2B{\\sqrt{{\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{2}\\cos^2\\theta}}}\\,\\right) } \\nonumber \\\\\n & & \\times\\left( 1+C_2B{\\sqrt{{\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{2}\\cos^2\\theta}}} \\right)\\,,\\end{aligned}$$ with $A_2 = ({\\varepsilon_0}/\\Delta)^{1/2} v_a b e/(\\Delta-{\\varepsilon_0})$.\n\n![", "\\[fig:MRvsBAbove\\] Magnetic field dependence of ${\\Delta\\rho/\\rho_0}$ at 4.2 K for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}. ", "Solid lines are fits to the theory (see text).](MRvsBAbove.eps){width=\"7cm\"}\n\n![", "\\[fig:MRvsThAbove\\] Angular dependence of ${\\Delta\\rho/\\rho_0}$ at 2.2 K and 4.2 K, $B=5$ T, for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} in [${{{{\\mathbf{b'}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} plane. ", "Solid lines are fits to the theory (see text).](MRvsThAbove.eps){width=\"7cm\"}\n\nWe shall compare now our experimental data with the above equations. ", "The magnetic field dependence of MR for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{} at 4.2 K is presented in [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRvsBAbove\\]]{}. [", "Fig.", " \\[fig:MRvsThAbove\\]]{} shows the angular dependence of MR for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, $B=5$ T at 4.2 K and 2.2 K. $\\theta$ is the angle between [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} and the [${{\\mathbf{b'}}}$]{} axis (see [Fig.", " \\[fig:config\\]]{}, case ). ", "Solid line is the fit based on the [Eq.", " (\\[eq:MRzzAbove\\])]{}. ", "The change in the angular dependence of MR for $T>4$ K and $T<4$ K is clearly seen (the case for $T=2.2$ K will be treated in Section \\[sec:BelowTstar\\]). ", "It is evident that the present model describes rather well the data, with both the field and angular dependence of MR, at $T=4.2$ K and $B=5$ T giving $(\\Delta-{\\varepsilon_0})=21$ K, $A_2=0.014$ [T$^{-1}$]{}, $C_2=0.38$ [T$^{-1}$]{} and $\\gamma_2=0.85$. These values enable us to extract the [${{\\mathbf{a}}}$]{} axis coherence length $\\xi_a = v_a/\\Delta\n=1.2 \\times 10^{-6}$ cm and $v_c/v_a = 7.33 \\times 10^{-2}$ (we used here flux quantum $\\pi/e = \\Phi_0 =\n2.07 \\times 10^{-11}$ T$\\,$cm$^2$). ", "Both $\\xi_a$ and $v_c/v_a$ thus deduced are consistent with the ones deduced from the anisotropy in the resistivity.[@IshiguroBook98]\n\n\\[sec:BelowTstar\\]Quasiparticle spectrum below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{}.", "\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe start by proposing that the anomaly at [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{} in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} signals the appearance of USDW with the momentum dependent order parameter $\\Delta_1({{\\mathbf{k}}})=\\Delta_1\n\\cos 2\\phi$, where $\\phi=bk_2$ with wave vector ${\\mathbf{Q}}=(2k_F,\\pi/2b,0)$. In other words, below ${T^\\star}$ two order parameters (SDW and USDW) coexist. ", "In this case the quasiparticle spectrum changes from [Eq.", " (\\[eq:QPEnergyAbove\\])]{} to:\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nE_{{\\mathbf{k}}}& = & \\sqrt{\n \\left(\n \\sqrt{\\eta^2+\\Delta^2}-{\\varepsilon_0}\\cos 2bk_y\n \\right)^2 + \\Delta_1^2 \\cos^2 2\\phi\n } \\label{eq:QPEnergyBelowExact} \\\\\n & = & \\sqrt{\n (\\eta^2+\\Delta^2) \\frac{\\Delta_1^2}{{\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2}}\n +{({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}\\left( \\cos^2 2\\phi - \\cos^2 2\\phi_0 \\right)^2\n } \\nonumber \\\\\n & \\approx & \\sqrt{\n {\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2 + {\\tilde{v}}_a^2(k_x-k_F)^2 + {\\tilde{v}}_c^2k_z^2\n + 4 {({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}b^2k_y^2\n }\\,, \\label{eq:QPEnergyBelow}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nwhere ${\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2=\\Delta \\Delta_1 {({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}^{-1/2}$, ${\\tilde{v}}_a = v_a\\Delta_1 {({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}^{-1/2}$ and ${\\tilde{v}}_c = v_c \\Delta_1\n{({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}^{-1/2}$. We have not included a constant shift in $k_y$ and $k_z$, since they are of no importance when one considers the effect of the magnetic field. ", "In the absence of the magnetic field, the effect of $\\Delta_1$ (or USDW) is to change the minimum energy gap from $E_{\\text{min}} = \\Delta-{\\varepsilon_0}$ ($T>4$ K) to $E_{\\text{min}} ={\\tilde{\\Delta}}$ ($T<4$ K). ", "As we shall see later, the introduction of the magnetic field changes dramatically the minimum energy gap $E_{\\text{min}}$. Such a dramatic shift in $E_{\\text{min}}$ in USDW and UCDW in a magnetic field has already been discussed in Ref.", "  and .", "\n\nWe shall see in the following that the field and the angle dependent quasiparticle spectrum describes the angle dependent MR observed in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{} rather satisfactory. ", "The quasiparticle energy gap in the absence of magnetic field is given by Eqs.", " (\\[eq:QPEnergyBelowExact\\]) and (\\[eq:QPEnergyBelow\\]). ", "Due to the quadratic form in [[${\\mathbf{k}}$]{}]{} in the square root, we expect the Landau quantization in the presence of magnetic field. ", "Let us consider three cases ([Fig.", " \\[fig:config\\]]{}) separately.", "\n\n### Case : [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{}, [${{{\\mathbf{{{\\mathbf{B}}}}}\\|{\\mathbf{({{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}})}}}}$]{}, $\\theta = \\measuredangle ({{\\mathbf{a}}},{{\\mathbf{B}}})$\n\nWe can recast [Eq.", " (\\[eq:QPEnergyBelow\\])]{} as an eigenvalue problem: $$\\begin{aligned}\nE^2(B,\\theta) \\psi & = & \\bigg[\n {\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2 + {\\tilde{v}}_a^2(eBy\\cos\\theta)^2 + {\\tilde{v}}_c^2(eBy\\sin\\theta)^2 \\nonumber \\\\\n& & - (2b)^2{({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}\\frac{\\text{d}^2}{\\text{d}y^2} \\bigg] \\psi\\,,\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\psi$ is the electron wave function. ", "This gives readily for the quasiparticle energy corresponding to the $n-$th Landau level: $$E^2_n(B,\\theta) = {\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2 + 2{\\tilde{v}}_a\\Delta_1 e B ({\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{1}\\cos^2\\theta})^{1/2}(2n+1)\\,,$$ ($n=0,1,2\\ldots$). ", "From this we obtain the minimum energy gap $E_{\\text{min}}$: $$E_{\\text{min}}(B,\\theta) = {\\tilde{\\Delta}}\\sqrt{1+A_1|B|({\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{1}\\cos^2\\theta})^{1/2}}\\,,$$ $$A_1 = \\frac{2{\\tilde{v}}_a\\Delta_1}{{\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2}be\\,,\\ \\gamma_1 =\n \\left( \\frac{{\\tilde{v}}_c}{{\\tilde{v}}_a} \\right)^2 \\sim 10^{-3}\\,. ", "\\nonumber$$ In this configuration $\\gamma_1$ is clearly negligible. ", "By approximating the cyclotron frequency as: $$\\begin{aligned}\nE_1(B,\\theta)-E_0(B,\\theta) = \\nonumber \\\\\n= {\\tilde{\\Delta}}\\left(\n \\sqrt{1+3A_1|B\\sin\\theta|} - \\sqrt{1+A_1|B\\sin\\theta|}\n \\right) \\nonumber \\\\\n\\approx {\\tilde{\\Delta}}A_1 |B\\sin\\theta|\\,,\\end{aligned}$$ and noting the fact that in the presence of magnetic field $$\\sigma_{yy} \\approx\n \\frac{ |B\\sin\\theta| \\exp\n \\left[\n -\\beta\\Delta\\sqrt{ 1 + A_1 |B\\sin\\theta| }\n \\right]\n }\n {\n 1 + C' \\left( B\\sin\\theta \\right) ^2\n }\\,,$$ we finally obtain the interpolation formula: $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:MRyyBac}\n\\rho_{yy} & \\approx & \\exp \\left( \\beta{\\tilde{\\Delta}}\\sqrt{1+A_1|B\\sin\\theta|} \\right) \\nonumber \\\\\n & &\\times\\left(\n 1 + C_1 A_1|B\\sin\\theta|\n \\right)\\,,\\end{aligned}$$ where $C_1 = ({\\tilde{\\Delta}}/\\Gamma)^2$ and $\\Gamma$ is the quasiparticle relaxation rate (note that $\\Gamma$ is [[${\\mathbf{k}}$]{}]{}-independent).", "\n\n![", "\\[fig:MRyyBac\\] Magnetic field dependence of ${\\Delta\\rho/\\rho_0}$ at 2.2 K for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}. ", "Inset: $R$ vs. inverse temperature for $B=0$, 2 T, and 5 T. Solid lines are fits to the theory (see text).](MRyyBac.eps){width=\"7cm\"}\n\n![", "\\[fig:MRyyThac\\] Angular dependence of ${\\Delta\\rho/\\rho_0}$ at 2.2 K and 4.2 K, $B=5$ T, for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{}, [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} in [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} plane. ", "Solid line is fit to the theory (see text).](MRyyThac.eps){width=\"7cm\"}\n\nThe comparison of [Eq.", " (\\[eq:MRyyBac\\])]{} (with $\\theta=\\pi/2$) with the experimental data is given in Figs.", " \\[fig:MRyyBac\\] and \\[fig:MRyyThac\\]. [", "Fig.", " \\[fig:MRyyBac\\]]{} shows the results of the magnetic field dependence of the MR at 2.2 K for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}. ", "The inset shows the temperature dependence of the MR for $B=5$ T in the same geometry. ", "The solid lines show the fit to the theoretical model explained above. [", "Fig.", " \\[fig:MRyyThac\\]]{} shows the angular dependence of MR for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and $B=5$ T at 2.2 K (see [Fig.", " \\[fig:config\\]]{}, case ). ", "Dashed line shows the results at 4.2 K. Solid line is fit based on [Eq.", " (\\[eq:MRyyBac\\])]{}. ", "Further, the $1/T$ dependent magnetoresistance is compared in the inset of [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRyyBac\\]]{}. ", "By fitting the data we can deduce ${\\tilde{\\Delta}}=20$ K, $A_1 = 0.027$ [T$^{-1}$]{} which gives $\\Delta_1/\\Delta=0.568$ (where we took $b = 0.77$ nm and $\\xi_a={\\tilde{v}}_a/{\\tilde{\\Delta}}= 120$ Å). ", "We obtain the USDW order parameter $\\Delta_1\\approx 20$ K. These numbers look rather reasonable. ", "So, in this geometry, the present model describes the experimental data reported in Ref. ", "rather well.", "\n\n### Case : [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, [${{{\\mathbf{{{\\mathbf{B}}}}}\\|{\\mathbf{({{{{\\mathbf{b'}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}})}}}}$]{}, $\\theta = \\measuredangle ({{\\mathbf{b'}}},{{\\mathbf{B}}})$\n\nIn this configuration the eigenequation is rewritten as: $$\\begin{aligned}\nE^2(B,\\theta) \\psi & = & \\bigg[\n {\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2 - {\\tilde{v}}_a^2 \\frac{\\text{d}^2}{\\text{d}y^2}+ {\\tilde{v}}_c^2(eBx\\cos\\theta)^2 \\nonumber \\\\\n& & + (2b)^2{({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}(eBx\\sin\\theta)^2 \\bigg] \\psi\\,,\\end{aligned}$$ which is solved as: $$E^2_n(B,\\theta) = {\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2 + 2{\\tilde{v}}_a\\Delta_1 e B ({\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{2}\\cos^2\\theta})^{1/2}(2n+1)\\,,$$ ($n=0,1,2\\ldots$). ", "Therefore, the minimum energy gap $E_{\\text{min}}$ is: $$\\label{eq:EminBbc}\nE_{\\text{min}}(B,\\theta) = {\\tilde{\\Delta}}\\sqrt{1+A_2|B|({\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{2}\\cos^2\\theta})^{1/2}}\\,,$$ $$A_2 = \\frac{2{\\tilde{v}}_a\\Delta_1}{{\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2}be\\,,\\ \\gamma_2 =\n \\frac{{\\tilde{v}}_c^2}{(2b)^2 {({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}}\\,. ", "\\nonumber$$ The magnetoresistance along the [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} axis is given by: $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:MRzzBbc}\n\\rho_{zz} & \\approx & \\exp\\left[ \\beta{\\tilde{\\Delta}}\\sqrt{1+A_2|B|({\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{2}\\cos^2\\theta})^{1/2}} \\right] \\nonumber \\\\\n& & \\times \\left( 1 + C_2 A_2|B|{\\sqrt{{\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{2}\\cos^2\\theta}}} \\right)\\,.\\end{aligned}$$\n\n![", "\\[fig:RzzBbc\\] Temperature dependence of the resistance $R$ for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, $B=0$ and $B=5$ T (for two different magnetic field orientations [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}).](RzzBbc.eps){width=\"7cm\"}\n\n![", "\\[fig:MRzzBbc\\] Magnetic field dependence of ${\\Delta\\rho/\\rho_0}$ at 2.2 K for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}. ", "Solid line is fit to the theory (see text).](MRzzBbc.eps){width=\"7cm\"}\n\nFigure \\[fig:RzzBbc\\] shows the temperature dependence of the resistance for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{} ($B=0$, $B=5$ T) and for two different magnetic field orientations [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}. ", "The difference in $R$ vs. $10/T$ behaviour below $\\approx 4$ K for two magnetic field orientations is clearly observed. ", "The magnetic field dependence of magnetoresistance for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{} at $2.2$ K is presented in [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRzzBbc\\]]{}. ", "As mentioned before, [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRvsThAbove\\]]{} shows also the angular dependence of magnetoresistance for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, $B=5$ T at 2.2 K (see [Fig.", " \\[fig:config\\]]{}, case ). ", "Solid line (on both [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRvsThAbove\\]]{} and [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRzzBbc\\]]{}) is fit based on the [Eq.", " (\\[eq:MRzzBbc\\])]{}. ", "The present expression is comparable with both the $B$ dependence of magnetoresistance for $\\theta=\\pi/2$ and the $\\theta$ dependent magnetoresistance at $T = 2.2$ K and $B = 5$ T. Again, the present model describes the data rather well. ", "In the present comparison we deduce $A_2 = 0.00134\\text{~{T$^{-1}$}}=\nA_1/20.2$, $C_2 = 0.5192\\text{~{T$^{-1}$}} = C_1/20.2$, and $\\gamma_2=0.060$ which gives ${\\tilde{\\Delta}}=20$ K and $v_c/v_a = 0.02$. On the other hand, we obtain $\\Delta_1/\\Delta=0.0284$ that gives $\\Delta_1\\approx\n1$ K. This implies the USDW order parameter in the present configuration is reduced by a factor of 1/20 compared with the one in the first configuration. ", "This result is rather unexpected, but we hope the future work will clarify this problem.", "\n\n### Case : [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, [${{{\\mathbf{{{\\mathbf{B}}}}}\\|{\\mathbf{({{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{b'}}}}})}}}}$]{}, $\\theta = \\measuredangle ({{\\mathbf{b'}}},{{\\mathbf{B}}})$\n\nIn this configuration the eigenequation is rewritten as: $$\\begin{aligned}\nE^2(B,\\theta) \\psi & = & \\bigg[\n {\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2 - {\\tilde{v}}_c^2 \\frac{\\text{d}^2}{\\text{d}z^2}+ {\\tilde{v}}_a^2(eBz\\sin\\theta)^2 \\nonumber \\\\\n& & + (2b)^2{({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}(eBz\\cos\\theta)^2 \\bigg] \\psi\\,,\\end{aligned}$$ which gives $$E^2_n(B,\\theta) = {\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2 + 2{\\tilde{v}}_c{\\tilde{v}}_a e B ({\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{3}\\cos^2\\theta})^{1/2}(2n+1)\\,,$$ ($n=0,1,2\\ldots$). ", "For the minimum energy gap $E_{\\text{min}}$ we obtain: $$\\label{eq:EminBab}\nE_{\\text{min}}(B,\\theta) = {\\tilde{\\Delta}}\\sqrt{1+A_3|B|({\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{3}\\cos^2\\theta})^{1/2}}\\,,$$ $$A_3 = \\frac{{\\tilde{v}}_a{\\tilde{v}}_c e}{{\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2}be\\,,\\ \\gamma_3 =\n \\frac{(2b)^2 {({\\Delta_1^2+{\\varepsilon_0}^2})}}{{\\tilde{v}}_a^2}\\,. ", "\\nonumber$$ It follows that the magnetoresistance along the [${{\\mathbf{c^*}}}$]{} is given by: $$\\begin{aligned}\n \\label{eq:MRzzBab}\n\\rho_{zz} & \\approx & \\exp\\left[ \\beta{\\tilde{\\Delta}}\\sqrt{1+A_3|B|({\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{3}\\cos^2\\theta})^{1/2}} \\right] \\nonumber \\\\\n& & \\times \\left( 1 + C_3 A_3|B|{\\sqrt{{\\sin^2\\theta+\\gamma_{3}\\cos^2\\theta}}} \\right)\\,.\\end{aligned}$$\n\n![", "\\[fig:MRzzBab\\] Magnetic field dependence of ${\\Delta\\rho/\\rho_0}$ at 2.2 K for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{a}}}}$]{}. ", "Solid line is fit to the theory (see text).](MRzzBab.eps){width=\"7cm\"}\n\n![", "\\[fig:MRzzThab\\] Angular dependence of ${\\Delta\\rho/\\rho_0}$ at 2.2 K and 4.2 K, $B=5$ T, for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} in [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{b'}}}}}$]{} plane. ", "Solid line is fit to the theory (see text).](MRzzThab.eps){width=\"7cm\"}\n\nFigure \\[fig:MRzzBab\\] presents the magnetic field dependence of MR for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{} and [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{a}}}}$]{} at 2.2 K, while [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRzzThab\\]]{} shows the angular dependence of magnetoresistance for [${{{\\mathbf{j}}\\|{\\mathbf{c^\\star}}}}$]{}, $B=5$ T at 2.2 K (see [Fig.", " \\[fig:config\\]]{}, case ). ", "We point out that there is a maxima in MR for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{a}}}}$]{} at 2.2 K, while there is a minima in MR for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{a}}}}$]{} at 4.2 K (dashed line [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRzzThab\\]]{}). ", "This kind of behaviour cannot be described in terms of conventional SDW where the imperfect nesting plays the crucial role. ", "Namely, in that case we expect maxima in MR for [${{{\\mathbf{B}}\\|{\\mathbf{b'}}}}$]{}. ", "This big change in MR anisotropy may be described within our new theoretical model. ", "We shall compare now our experimental data at 2.2 K with the [Eq.", " (\\[eq:MRzzBab\\])]{}. ", "The solid line is fit based on the theory that describes the data on [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRzzBab\\]]{} and [Fig.", " \\[fig:MRzzThab\\]]{} at 2.2 K very well. ", "We deduce $A_3=0.0165$ [T$^{-1}$]{}, $C_3\n\\approx 0$, and $\\gamma_3=0.154$. From $A_3$ we obtain: $$\\frac{{\\tilde{v}}_a{\\tilde{v}}_c}{{\\tilde{\\Delta}}^2} = \\xi_a\\xi_c = 1.087 \\times 10^{-13}\\text{~cm}^2$$ and assuming $\\xi_c/\\xi_a = 1/13.6$ we obtain $\\xi_a = 1.2\\times 10^{-6}$ cm which is quite reasonable.[@IshiguroBook98] On the other hand $\\gamma_3=0.154$ gives $\\Delta_1/\\Delta=1.75$ that is too large, at least by a factor of 2, giving $\\Delta_1\\approx 60$ K.\n\nConcluding remarks\n==================\n\nWe have proposed that the phase transition at [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{} in [[(TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$]{}]{} is due to the appearance of the USDW in addition to the already existing SDW. ", "As we have shown, the quasiparticle spectrum in SDW with imperfect nesting and/or USDW in a magnetic field is, due to the Landau quantization, very different from the one for $B=0$. The appearance of USDW order parameter modifies the quasiparticle spectrum. ", "This change is readily accessible to both the magnetoresistance and the angular dependence of the magnetoresistance. ", "Indeed, USDW describes the dramatic change in the magnetoresistance below [[${T^\\star}\\approx 4$ K]{}]{}. ", "Furthermore, from the angular dependence of the magnetoresistance we can deduce the parameters ${\\tilde{\\Delta}}= 20$ K, $v_a/\\Delta =\n\\xi_a =1.2\\times 10^{-6}$ cm, and $v_c/v_a=7.33\\times 10^{-2}$, which are consistent with the previously known values. ", "However, the new order parameter $\\Delta_1$, associated with USDW, appears to behave somewhat unexpectedly (as the deduced values give $\\Delta_1=20$ K, 1 K, and 60 K for [${{\\mathbf{B}}}$]{} in the [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} plane, in the [${{{{\\mathbf{b'}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{c^*}}}}}$]{} plane and in the [${{{{\\mathbf{a}}}\\text{--}{{\\mathbf{b'}}}}}$]{} plane, respectively). ", "The reason for differences of $\\Delta_1$ is unclear at present. ", "We note, however, that in contrast to our earlier analysis,[@KorinHamzicEPL98] here we have taken into account the Landau quantization of the quasiparticle spectrum, but we have considered the [[${\\mathbf{k}}$]{}]{}-independence of the scattering rate. ", "We can only suppose, that in addition to the Landau quantization the inclusion of the [[${\\mathbf{k}}$]{}]{}-dependent $\\Gamma$ would solve this $\\Delta_1$ discrepancy.", "\n\nThis experimental work was performed on samples prepared by K. Bechgaard. ", "We thank P. Thalmeier for drawing our attention to Ref.", "  and . ", "We acknowledge useful discussions with A. Hamzić and S. Tomić.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ "Pathology of the liver in leukaemia and lymphoma. ", "A study of 110 autopsies.", "\nHistopathological findings in the liver in a series of autopsies on 110 patients suffering from leukaemia or lymphoma were reviewed. ", "No treatment had been given to 23 patients, 50 had received chemotherapy alone, 23 chemo- and radiotherapy and 14 underwent bone marrow transplantation. ", "The 23 untreated patients showed neoplastic infiltration in 10 (44%) and fibrosis in 16 cases (70%). ", "The 14 bone marrow recipients showed mainly acute necrosis, zonal in six (43%) and focal in one (7%), and cholestasis in five (36%), together with marked siderosis in 11 (79%). ", "Patients receiving chemotherapy or chemo-/radiotherapy showed similar changes consisting of neoplastic infiltration in 14 (28%) and in five (22%) cases respectively, and fibrosis in 31 (62%) and 17 (74%) cases respectively. ", "Steatosis was seen in 70% of cases in the chemo-/radiotherapy group and in 50% of cases in the other groups. ", "Infections were seen in all groups, particularly in the chemotherapy group (four fungal and two bacterial including one tuberculosis) and in the chemo-/radiotherapy group (one fungal and one bacterial). ", "Cytomegalovirus infection was seen only in the bone marrow transplant group." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPrimefaces push on glassfish 3.1.2 Exception\n\nthis is my config.xml\n<dependency>\n <groupId>org.atmosphere</groupId>\n <artifactId>atmosphere-runtime</artifactId>\n <version>1.0.0.RC1</version>\n</dependency>\n\n<dependency>\n <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>\n <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>\n <version>1.7.5</version>\n</dependency>\n<dependency>\n <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>\n <artifactId>slf4j-jdk14</artifactId>\n <version>1.7.5</version>\n</dependency>\n\nweb.xml\n <servlet>\n <servlet-name>Push Servlet</servlet-name>\n <servlet-class>org.primefaces.push.", "PushServlet</servlet-class>\n</servlet>\n<servlet-mapping>\n <servlet-name>Push Servlet</servlet-name>\n <url-pattern>/primepush/*</url-pattern>\n</servlet-mapping>\n\nis the counter example, when clic after 3 or 7 then:\n\nWARNING: GRIZZLY0024: Terminate process interrupted.", "\n java.lang.", "InterruptedException at\n java.util.concurrent.locks.", "AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.tryAcquireSharedNanos(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1325)\n at java.util.concurrent.", "Semaphore.tryAcquire(Semaphore.java:414) at\n com.sun.grizzly.http.", "ProcessorTask.terminateProcess(ProcessorTask.java:1021)\n at\n com.sun.grizzly.arp.", "DefaultAsyncExecutor.finishResponse(DefaultAsyncExecutor.java:186)\n at\n com.sun.grizzly.arp.", "DefaultAsyncExecutor.finishExecute(DefaultAsyncExecutor.java:210)\n at\n com.sun.grizzly.arp.", "AsyncProcessorTask.doTask(AsyncProcessorTask.java:133)\n at\n com.sun.grizzly.comet.", "CometEngine.flushPostExecute(CometEngine.java:426)\n at com.sun.grizzly.comet.", "CometEngine.interrupt0(CometEngine.java:405)\n at com.sun.grizzly.comet.", "CometEngine.interrupt(CometEngine.java:383)\n at\n com.sun.grizzly.comet.", "CometContext.resumeCometHandler(CometContext.java:442)\n at\n org.atmosphere.container.", "GrizzlyCometSupport.resume(GrizzlyCometSupport.java:172)\n at\n org.atmosphere.container.", "GrizzlyCometSupport.action(GrizzlyCometSupport.java:184)\n at\n org.atmosphere.container.", "GrizzlyCometSupport.action(GrizzlyCometSupport.java:81)\n at\n org.atmosphere.cpr.", "AtmosphereResourceImpl.resume(AtmosphereResourceImpl.java:317)\n at\n org.atmosphere.handler.", "AbstractReflectorAtmosphereHandler.onStateChange(AbstractReflectorAtmosphereHandler.java:146)\n at\n org.atmosphere.cpr.", "DefaultBroadcaster.broadcast(DefaultBroadcaster.java:853)\n at\n org.atmosphere.cpr.", "DefaultBroadcaster.executeAsyncWrite(DefaultBroadcaster.java:768)\n at\n org.atmosphere.cpr.", "DefaultBroadcaster$3.run(DefaultBroadcaster.java:801)\n at\n java.util.concurrent.", "Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)\n at java.util.concurrent.", "FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)\n at java.util.concurrent.", "FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at\n java.util.concurrent.", "ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)\n at\n java.util.concurrent.", "ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)\n at java.lang.", "Thread.run(Thread.java:722)\n\nA:\n\nI haven't tried primefaces-push but I just use Atmosphere (primefaces-push is using Atmosphere too). ", "To make it work I have to add those JVM options:\n\n-Dv3.grizzly.cometSupport=true \n-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true (I am not sure if this option is still required with the last versions of Atmosphere)\n\nMaybe it could help you.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "William Howard Taft National Historic Site\n\nWilliam Howard Taft National Historic Site is a historic house at 2038 Auburn Avenue in the Mount Auburn Historic District of Cincinnati, Ohio, a mile (1.6 km) north of Downtown. ", "It was the birthplace and childhood home of William Howard Taft, the 27th President of the United States and the 10th Chief Justice of the United States. ", "The two-story Greek Revival house, built circa 1835, is a reminder of the elegant era when wealthier people here could escape the dirt, heat, smoke and crowded conditions of the lower city.", "\n\nHistory\nWilliam Howard Taft's father, Alphonso Taft, came to Cincinnati from Vermont in 1838 to establish a law practice. ", "He moved his family to this house a little over a decade later. ", "Alphonso Taft became an early supporter of the Republican Party in Cincinnati. ", "He lived in this house with his family and parents. ", "He would eventually serve as the 31st United States Secretary of War and the 35th United States Attorney General.", "\n\nThe house is believed to have been built in the early 1840s by a family named Bowen. ", " Alphonso bought the house at 60 Auburn Street (now 2038 Auburn Avenue), with its accompanying 1.82 acres, for $10,000 on June 13, 1851. ", " Mount Auburn was once a popular area to live for upper-class Cincinnatians, as it allowed those of higher incomes to escape the sweltering heat and humidity of downtown Cincinnati summers. ", " The Taft residence, a Greek Revival domicile, was relatively modest compared to other nearby residences, which were a mix of Second Empire, Italianate, and Georgian Revival.", "\n\nAlphonso's wife Fanny Phelps Taft died a year after the family moved to the Mount Auburn residence, in June 1852. ", " In December 1853 Alphonso remarried, choosing a schoolteacher from Massachusetts named Louise Torrey. ", " Louise Taft would give birth to their second child, William Howard Taft, in the house on September 15, 1857, presumably in the first-floor nursery in the rear ell. ", " (The first child had died at age fourteen months from whooping cough.) ", " Alphonso had six children living in the house, two by Fanny (three others had died beforehand) and four by Louise.", "\n\nThe house was used for social events. ", "Visitors included many local and state dignitaries, including future President James A. Garfield. ", "Rugs in the parlor were often rolled up for dancing. ", "Family activities took place in the library; Alphonso was an avid book collector.", "\n\nWilliam would live in the house until he went to Yale University in 1874. ", " Afterward, the Taft family would spend less time in the house, starting when Alphonso served in the Ulysses S. Grant administration. ", " In 1877 a fire damaged the second floor and roof. ", "Alphonso and Louise would lease the house in 1889, moving to California because the climate was thought to be beneficial for those with declining health. ", " William had married in 1886, and the rest of the Taft sons had moved out by this point as well. ", " In May 1891 Alphonso died in San Diego, California, and was buried in Cincinnati; the tenants of the Auburn house allowed the mourners to gather at the house for the funeral. ", "Louise eventually was able to sell the house outright, after ten years of trying, in 1899 to Judge Albert C. Thompson, after returning to her home town of Millbury, Massachusetts, to live with her sister.", "\n\nPost-Taft ownership\n \nWithin five years of the house leaving the Taft family, the front veranda was removed, replaced by a one-story porch. ", "Other modifications were the addition of a conservatory and the demolition of outbuildings, including a stable. ", "Upon Thompson's death the house was sold by his widow to Colonel Ernest H. Ruffner in 1912. ", "Upon Ruffner's death it was sold by his daughter. ", "The William Howard Taft Memorial Association was formed on July 7, 1937, in hopes of buying the property, but went without support of the Taft family, as Robert Taft thought it would look too opportunistic to memorialize the house his father grew up in, and thus failed in acquiring the $12,000 to buy it. ", "In the 1940s the building was used as apartments, with the new owner Elbert R. Bellinger once considering selling it to become a funeral parlor for local blacks. ", "Taft family political fortunes faltered with Robert's death in 1953, and with Charles Phelps Taft II available to spearhead the movement, the William Howard Taft Memorial Association eventually acquired the house for $35,000 (the assessment price), instead of the $75,000 Bellinger was demanding for it.", "\n \nBy 1961, the house was in poor condition and needed restoration, to the tune of $92,500. ", "It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. ", "A ceremony on September 15, 1964 (William's 107th birthday), celebrated the home becoming a National Historic Landmark.", "\n \nThe association gained full title to the house in 1968 and in 1969 transferred it to the National Park Service, which currently operates the site as a historic house museum, so that its future upkeep is ensured. ", "The United States government took the property title on November 1, 1970. ", "\n\nLetters and diary entries written by Louise Taft during her time in the home helped preservationists to return the domicile to how it appeared during William's childhood.", "\n\nToday\n \nWilliam Howard Taft National Historic Site has two main buildings. ", " The first is the original home owned by William Howard Taft's parents, Alphonso and Louise Taft. ", " It has been restored to look as it did during the time William lived there. ", " All the family portraits and many of the books on display belonged to the Taft family. ", "The first floor has five rooms restored: William's birthplace, and four rooms representative of the period. ", "The furniture is period pieces and did not necessarily belong to the Tafts. ", " The second floor contains exhibits on the accomplishments of William.", "\n\nThe second building is the National Historic Site's Visitor Center, officially called the Taft Education Center. ", "It has offices, a National Park giftshop, an audio-animatronic exhibit of William's son Charles Phelps Taft II fishing and telling stories about his father and other members of the Taft family, and a short biographical film on William Howard Taft.", "\n\nSee also\nTaft Museum of Art\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nWilliam Howard Taft National Historic Site (National Park Service)\nNational Park Service-The Presidents (Taft National Historic Site)\n\"Growing into Public Service: William Howard Taft's Boyhood Home\", a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan\n\"Life Portrait of William Howard Taft\", from C-SPAN's American Presidents: Life Portraits, broadcast from the William Howard Taft National Historic Site, September 6, 1999\n\nCategory:Houses completed in 1835\nCategory:Historic house museums in Ohio\nCategory:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio\nCategory:Museums in Cincinnati\nCategory:National Historic Landmarks in Ohio\nCategory:National Historic Sites in Ohio\nCategory:Presidential homes in the United States\nCategory:National Register of Historic Places in Cincinnati\nNational Historic Site\nNational Historic Site\nCategory:National Park Service areas in Ohio\nCategory:Protected areas established in 1969\nCategory:Presidential museums in Ohio\nCategory:Houses in Cincinnati\nCategory:Historic district contributing properties in Ohio\nCategory:Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Ohio\nCategory:Mount Auburn, Cincinnati" ]

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[ "“President Rivlin and I deeply value our strong and growing partnership to secure our societies. ", "Our people are constantly threatened by forces of terrorism and extremism. ", "We recognise that terrorism is a global challenge, knows no boundaries and has extensive links with other forms of organised crime. ", "Regrettably, one of the countries of its origin and spread is in India’s neighbourhood,” Modi said here on Tuesday.", "\n\nModi said he and President Rivlin have agreed that the international community must act against terror as well as against states that encourage them.", "\n\n“We noted the strength of our growing defence partnership. ", "And agreed on the need to make it more broad-based through production and manufacturing partnerships,” he said.", "\n\nModi added that the Israeli President has also assured support for India’s membership in the UN Security Council (UNSC).", "\n\nPresident Rivlin, who is on a week-long visit to India, is the first President from the Jewish country to visit India in the last 20 years. ", "His visit is expected to pave the way for Modi’s trip to that country early next year, when both sides would commemorate 25 years of diplomatic ties.", "\n\nThe PM also asked Israel to invest in India under Make in India, Digital India, Skill India and Smart Cities, for high-technology manufacturing and in the services sectors.", "\n\nIsrael has engaged with India in agricultural and irrigation systems in drought-prone areas for effective water management.", "\n\n“We have identified water management and conservation, and collaboration in scientific research and development as two areas of priority engagement. ", "We both agreed that the current trajectory of the Indian economy opens up many promising opportunities for Israeli companies,” he said.", "\n\nPresident Rivlin, who arrived here late on Monday night, will be visiting Agra to see the Taj Mahal on Wednesday. ", "He will also be visiting a water treatment plant in nearby Sikandra.", "\n\nOn Thursday Rivlin will again address think-tanks and sign agreements on education. ", "He will also be visiting Karnal and Chandigarh. ", "Next week he would hold business meetings.", "\n\nSource: The Hindu Businessline" ]

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[ "A comparative study of transvaginal ultrasonography and pelvic arteriogram in assessment of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumour.", "\nTo compare the reliability of transvaginal ultrasonography with pelvic arteriography in the assessment of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. ", "Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed in 24 patients with gestational trophoblastic tumour. ", "Within one week after ultrasound investigation, pelvic arteriography was carried out in each patient. ", "Of 24 cases, 16 patients hadn't been treated by chemical reagent, 5 had accepted 2 to 5 courses of chemotherapy, and 3 had achieved complete remission before both investigations performed. ", "In 3 patients with complete remission, 2 had no evidence of abnormal findings either on transvaginal ultrasonography or on pelvic arteriography, 1 showed intramyometrial lesions by both methods. ", "In the remaining 21 patients, all demonstrated a abnormal uterine image, and 5 of them accompanied with the finding of parametrium metastatic signs by transvaginal ultrasonography; these abnormal results were confirmed by pelvic arteriographic imaging. ", "However, in two cases without clinical and ultrasonic signs of parametrium metastasis, pelvic arteriography indicated the early metastasis of parametrium vessels. ", "Even though it is difficult to predict the early parametrium metastasis in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease by B-ultrasonic investigation, our data would support the introduction of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis and evaluation of gestational trophoblastic tumour." ]

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[ "Questions for God\n\nA recent edition of USA Today contained an interesting survey that is worthy of some reflection. ", "The following question was posed to adults across the nation:\n\nIf you could get in contact with God directly, ask a question, and get an immediate reply—what would you ask?", "\n\nHere are the results:\n\nThe highest percentage (34%) wants to know: “What is my purpose here?” ", "The Lord has answered that question already.", "\n\nOur purpose is to glorify God. ", "That is the reason for which we were made (Isaiah 43:7). ", "The whole duty of man is to fear (reverence) God and obey his commandments (Ecclesiastes 12:13). ", "There is no reason for human existence apart from serving the Creator, and in this we find our greatest contentment.", "\n\nThe next group (19%) is anxious to inquire: “Will I have life after death?”", "\n\nThat is the very question Job asked: “If a man die, shall he live again?” (", "14:14). ", "He subsequently expressed a confident, positive affirmation of future existence (19:25ff). [", "See the article, Job’s Redeemer.] ", "God, through his word, has provided the answer.", "\n\nYes, there is life after death, and it will be either with the Lord in heaven, or with Satan in hell (Matthew 25:46)—depending upon whether or not one is prepared (Matthew 25:1-13).", "\n\nSometimes difficulty comes because of our personal sins (1 Peter 4:15). ", "Hardships also result from the kind of world in which we live. ", "It is an environment of natural law.", "\n\nNature’s laws are quite beneficial, but we can suffer harm when they are broken. ", "We can be in the wrong place at the right time (Luke 13:4-5).", "\n\nSome bad things happen as a result of the sin that was unleashed in this world by our ancestors (Romans 5:12) or by the wickedness of others.", "\n\nThe important question is not: Why do these things happen?—they will continue to happen whether or not we understand their purpose. ", "The question should be how are we to act in response to life’s hardships? [", "We have discussed this subject in much greater detail in our volume, The Book of Job.]", "\n\nSignificantly, twelve percent of those surveyed had no idea what they would ask God if they could expect a personal answer from him. ", "Doesn’t that say something about the shallowness of society?", "\n\nIt’s one thing not to know the answers; it is an entirely different matter to not even know enough to ask a sensible question. ", "Truly, vast multitudes are like sheep, wandering aimlessly about with no sense of direction and no concept of eternity.", "\n\nA few (7%) would like to know if there is intelligent life elsewhere. ", "A cynic might wonder whether there’s much “intelligent” life here on earth! ", "But yes, there is intelligent life—in heaven, God the Father, Christ, the Holy Spirit, and the angels. ", "Moreover, there are the conscious souls of the dead in Hades (the intermediate state)—either in Paradise (Luke 23:43), or in the place of torment (Luke 16:23).", "\n\nFinally, six percent would like to know exactly how long they will live.", "\n\nWould you really want to know that? ", "Such would be like being on death row—counting off the days until the time of execution. ", "Moreover, many would live unrestrained, wicked lives—saving the day before their death as a time of obedience. ", "What glory would there be in that for God? ", "Indeed, what honor for man?", "\n\nThe truth of the matter is this. ", "The Bible contains the answers to all the appropriate questions we have in this lifetime. ", "We need to pour over its sacred pages and seek the counsel of him who made us.", "\n\nPerhaps the greatest question that many of us need to contemplate is one that God himself might ask: “Are you serious about doing My will?”" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nGDI+ generic error on production server\n\nI'm struggling on a massively answered problem but none of the given solutions is working for me.", "\nI have a ASP.NET WebForms Application where I want to store pictures and be able to retrieve it, change rotation, remove, etc...\nThe thing is that everything works fine on my devlopment environment (with visual studio or even with IIS 8.5 on my local machine) but when I try to deploy it on my production server (IIS 10.0), I can't even upload a picture, I can only read pictures.", "\nIf I try to save, rotate or remove an image, I get a GDI+ generic error.", "\nIt makes me think it is a config or permission issue because the application is the same as on my machine and it works fine.", "\nWhat I have tried :\n\n<%= Environment.", "UserName %> returns \".NET v4.5\", I've granted this\nuser with full permissions on the directory, even a full access given\nto \"Everybody\" user doesn't fix the issue.", "\nI have tried to dispose pictures after saving them but I dont'think\nit is caused by that because when i upload I'm not overwriting any\nfile. ", "\n\"GC.Collect()\" It does nothing, I didn't really understood why it\nwould make a difference.", "\nI looked into IIS's MIME Types and \"image/jpeg\" is there.", "\n\nThe thing that disturbs me is that I have a directory for file upload (not pictures) in the same Application and it works so I guess the permissions are OK, I have the same permissions for both directories.", "\nHere is my code for picture upload : \npublic static Int64 InsertPhoto(Photo maPhoto)\n {\n ////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // ETAPE 1 : Récupération du numéro de photo\n ////////////////////////////////////////////////\n try\n {\n int? ", "numero = PecV2.DAL.Photo.", "GetNumeroPhotoMaxByIDIntervention(maPhoto.", "IDIntervention);\n if (numero.", "HasValue)\n {\n maPhoto.", "Numero = numero.", "Value + 1;\n }\n else\n {\n maPhoto.", "Numero = 0;\n }\n\n ////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // ETAPE 2 : Génération des miniatures\n ////////////////////////////////////////////////\n Intervention monIntervention = Intervention.", "GetIntervention(maPhoto.", "IDIntervention);\n maPhoto.", "IDImmeuble = monIntervention.", "IDImmeuble;\n maPhoto.", "FileName = maPhoto.", "IDImmeuble.", "ToString() + \"_\" + maPhoto.", "IDIntervention.", "ToString() + \"_\" + maPhoto.", "Numero.", "ToString() + \".jpg\";\n\n maPhoto.", "EnregistrerMiniature(maPhoto.", "PhotoFull, global::PecV2.BL.Properties.", "Settings.", "Default.", "LargeurPhotoMedium, global::PecV2.BL.Properties.", "Settings.", "Default.", "RepertoirePhotosMedium, maPhoto.", "FileName);\n maPhoto.", "EnregistrerMiniature(maPhoto.", "PhotoFull, global::PecV2.BL.Properties.", "Settings.", "Default.", "LargeurPhotoSmall, global::PecV2.BL.Properties.", "Settings.", "Default.", "RepertoirePhotosSmall, maPhoto.", "FileName);\n // Encoder... \n EncoderParameters encParams = new EncoderParameters(1);\n encParams.", "Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(System.", "Drawing.", "Imaging.", "Encoder.", "Quality, (long)100);\n\n // Codec...\n ImageCodecInfo codecJpeg = null;\n foreach (ImageCodecInfo codec in ImageCodecInfo.", "GetImageEncoders())\n if (codec.", "MimeType == \"image/jpeg\")\n codecJpeg = codec;\n //GC.Collect();\n maPhoto.", "PhotoFull.", "Save(Path.", "Combine(global::PecV2.BL.Properties.", "Settings.", "Default.", "RepertoirePhotosFull, maPhoto.", "FileName), codecJpeg, encParams);\n }\n catch (Exception ex)\n {\n\n throw ex;\n }\n ////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // ETAPE 3 : Enregistrement en base\n ////////////////////////////////////////////////\n return PecV2.DAL.Photo.", "InsertPhoto(maPhoto.", "IDImmeuble,\n maPhoto.", "IDIntervention,\n maPhoto.", "Remarques,\n maPhoto.", "Date,\n maPhoto.", "Numero,\n maPhoto.", "FileName);\n }\n\n private void EnregistrerMiniature(Bitmap PhotoSource, int DimMax, string RepertoireDestination, string NomFichier)\n {\n double RatioMedium;\n\n // détermination de l'orientation de la photo originale\n if (PhotoSource.", "Width >= PhotoSource.", "Height)\n {\n // photo horizontale\n RatioMedium = PhotoSource.", "Width / DimMax;\n //\n }\n else\n {\n // photo verticale\n RatioMedium = PhotoSource.", "Height / DimMax;\n }\n\n if (RatioMedium < 1)\n RatioMedium = 1;\n\n // Generation de la photo medium\n Int32 dW;\n Int32 dH;\n\n // Calcul de la résolution de la vignette par rapport à la largeur\n dW = (Int32)Math.", "Round(PhotoSource.", "Width / RatioMedium);\n dH = (Int32)Math.", "Round(PhotoSource.", "Height / RatioMedium);\n\n Bitmap bVignetteMedium = new Bitmap(dW, dH, PixelFormat.", "Format32bppRgb);\n\n using (Graphics g = Graphics.", "FromImage((Image)bVignetteMedium))\n {\n // Temp pour supprimer bordure (G+H) noire\n SolidBrush br = new SolidBrush(Color.", "White);\n g.FillRectangle(br, 0, 0, dW, dH);\n\n g.InterpolationMode = System.", "Drawing.", "Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.", "HighQualityBicubic;\n g.CompositingQuality = System.", "Drawing.", "Drawing2D.CompositingQuality.", "HighSpeed;\n g.DrawImage(PhotoSource, 0, 0, dW, dH);\n }\n // Encoder... \n EncoderParameters encParams = new EncoderParameters(1);\n encParams.", "Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(System.", "Drawing.", "Imaging.", "Encoder.", "Quality, (long)100);\n\n // Codec...\n ImageCodecInfo codecJpeg = null;\n foreach (ImageCodecInfo codec in ImageCodecInfo.", "GetImageEncoders())\n if (codec.", "MimeType == \"image/jpeg\")\n codecJpeg = codec;\n //Enregistrement de la vignette\n try\n {\n bVignetteMedium.", "Save(Path.", "Combine(RepertoireDestination, NomFichier), codecJpeg, encParams);\n bVignetteMedium.", "Dispose();\n }\n catch (Exception)\n {\n throw;\n }\n }\n\nHere is the full eror stack (btnEnregistrer_Click calls InsertPhoto):\n[ExternalException (0x80004005): Une erreur générique s'est produite dans GDI+.]", "\n PecV2.WebApp.", "Intervention.", "Onglets.o07_Photos.btnEnregistrer_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) +509\n System.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "Button.", "OnClick(EventArgs e) +11802193\n System.", "Web.", "UI.WebControls.", "Button.", "RaisePostBackEvent(String eventArgument) +150\n System.", "Web.", "UI.Page.", "ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +1735\n\n------------------------------------------------UPDATE-----------------------------------------------\nI have found out where the issue came from, It was a web.config problem, I was trying to open 'photos\" directory instead of 'photo' directory... Don't laugh at me please!! ", "I wonder how I have missed that X'D\nthank you very much, Nicolas.", "\n\nA:\n\nI have found out where the issue came from, It was a web.config problem, I was trying to open 'photos\" directory instead of 'photo' directory... Don't laugh at me please!! ", "I wonder how I have missed that X'D\n\n" ]

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[ "Ramdev wants the black money stashed abroad to be brought back. ", "All parties other than the Congress were together on the issue of black money, he claimed.", "\n\nAt the end of the hour-long speech, two children served him lime juice, ending the fast.", "\n\nThough Ramdev and his 5,000 supporters trooped out of the stadium peacefully, it took a lot of convincing on part of the Delhi Police to get them to move out.", "\n\nHours after he and his supporters were brought to the stadium on Monday, senior police officers held four meetings with Ramdev.", "\n\nThe police would be forced to act if the stadium was not vacated by 2pm Tuesday, he was told.", "\n\n\"We told him that the army was pressuring us to clear the area as the route had to be sanitised for the PM and other VVIPs heading to the Red Fort for Independence Day celebrations,\" a senior officer told HT.", "\n\nDuring the night, decision was taken to end the fast and at 7am, Ramdev told his supporters to move out by 11am.", "\n\nAt 11.15am, he started his hour-long speech and once it ended, the crowd began to disperse. ", "By 1.30pm, Ambedkar stadium was vacated.", "\n\nAmbedkar Stadium is seen after Baba Ramdev's protest in New Delhi. ", "HT/Raj K Raj\n\nThe stadium, however, will not be in the best shape when it hosts the Durand Cup, the oldest football tournament in India, from August 16.", "\n\nThe stadium looked like a garbage dump. ", "But the holes and footmarks the crowd left behind are a bigger worry.", "\n\n\"Grass too suffered damage. ", "We're filling up the holes but if it rains, they will open up,\" said Delhi Soccer Association (DSA) vice-president NK Bhatia." ]

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[ "Photography: Focusing a lens on the mind and heart of a city – by Joe Longobardi\n\nStreet photography is a mercurial practice of ritual, patience, and spending endless hours with your own thoughts as you stalk a city’s sidewalks. ", "It is focusing on life in motion! ", "It is the practice of seeking out something that may or may not happen. ", "Taking photographs becomes a way of life; a way of seeing, asking questions and looking for answers. ", "Patterns emerge only to be replaced by a new chapter of street life.", "\n\nBy adding an intent to a body of work, what could have been a collection of disjointed images now becomes a more cohesive documentary—focused, and with a solid narrative.", "\n\nWoman with puppies\n\nThe genesis of this project began approximately ten years earlier and did not come to completion until 2017. ", "The work focuses on the burgeoning bohemian mountain town of Asheville, North Carolina. ", "As with many American cities, Asheville has undergone a new phase of gentrification that first began in the late 1970’s as part of a campaign to revive the city’s downtown economy. ", "The unfortunate trade-off was the dismantling and partitioning of largely African-American communities and neighborhood businesses. ", "This latest incarnation to revive and rebuild Asheville gradually began in the 1990’s, continuing until the slow down of The Great Recession of 2007 and 2008. ", "As the city gradually began to recover, rebuilding eventually metamorphosed into unchecked development. ", "Realizing that much of the cultural climate and familiarity that I understood to be the last of old Asheville would eventually be but a memory, in 2007 I began a conscious effort to photograph the immediate downtown area.", "\n\nEaster in Asheville\n\nWhen putting together an ongoing project based on street photography, it is difficult to know how the work will evolve. ", "Beginning with a malleable idea, a project will take on a very organic process. ", "Over time it progresses into a more definitive narrative that, with enough discipline, does not radically stray from the original intent.", "\n\nFrom the onset, I had always envisioned my photos as part of a series of books. ", "I released my first book of street photography in 2014 entitled Urban Photography From the Streets Of A Bohemian Mountain Town. ", "The book focuses on Asheville street performers and the city’s unique mix of Appalachian, Bohemian, and urban culture. ", "The project underscores the personae we wish to show the world and how art and life are reflections of one another. ", "The book accompanied an exhibition held that same year. ", "This project was shot entirely on digital affording me the ease of curating and editing images that would eventually appear in the book.", "\n\nBuddhist\n\nMy decision to choose film for my next project served several purposes. ", "For one, it afforded me a certain aesthetic that I never felt I could achieve with a digital camera. ", "And in contrast to modern digital cameras, it forced me to take a more disciplined and conservative approach to taking photos as you are limited to approximately thirty-six images to a role of 35mm film. ", "There is also something to be said about the time test archival quality of film and silver gelatin prints. ", "Properly cared for, they can last for several centuries before they become vulnerable to the elements. ", "Kodak’s recent entry into blockchain is the new kid on the block in hedging bets on long-term storage. ", "But as it stands, hard drives, compact discs and cloud-based storage have yet to prove their reliability in the long term.", "\n\nGirl with paper plate hat\n\nThis new project was more involved due to the number of photos shot over a long stretch of time, focusing on a more general and universal theme. ", "This resulted in new two books featuring photographs taken over the last decade. ", "The first offering from this project is Mind heart and the City. ", "Like the concurrent exhibition of the same name, the book is a mix of black and white and color photographs. ", "The collection focuses on a new era of gentrification that is gradually becoming a universal norm as we enter the twenty-first century. ", "The second book, The Last Memory: Remnants and Recollections of a Street Wanderer, is a straight-up collection of street photography shot entirely on black and white film. ", "The work is inspired by such twentieth-century luminaries as William Klein, Elliot Erwitt, Henri Cartier-Bresson, and Diane Arbus. ", "My inspiration for this project has been and continues to be the street photographers of the twentieth century. ", "They were humanist photographers rooted in traditional photojournalism, interacting and documenting the human condition at its best and worst. ", "I believe street photography to be a more honest approach to photographing people, offering as much insight about the person who took the images as the people portrayed. ", "Even still, the resulting image is from my personal perspective, void of the linear constraints of objective photojournalism.", "\n\nDemonstration\n\nBecause of the unpredictable nature of street photography, I had to be rather meticulous about my choice of film and how the work would eventually be printed. ", "Kodak Tri-X for example, has very good latitude, I find this to be very forgiving should I have any issues with atypical exposures. ", "To ensure the negatives did not suffer from careless handling, I hand-developed the black and white film myself.", "\n\nThis allowed me to control the quality of the negative if I knew that some of the exposures were either underexposed or overexposed, which is likely to happen when you are shooting on the quick! ", "I have found that slightly prolonged development and gentle agitation will correct most issues, resulting in a more even development throughout the final negative. ", "The images were then assessed as contact sheets with the culled images later printed in a traditional darkroom setting. ", "The prints are part of a 2018 exhibition at the Emporium Gallery located at 100 S. Gay Street, Knoxville, TN 37902.", "\n\nStreet preacher’s son\n\nI use Kodak Portra 400 for my color photography due to it’s amazing latitude as it can be pushed and pulled a number of stops will little degradation to the final negative. ", "I also chose Portra for its aesthetic qualities as it makes for a pleasant contrast to the black and white images.", "\n\nFor the exhibition Mind heart and the City and book of the same title, I chose to present the photos as a mix of color and black and white. ", "Color evokes the more visceral aspect of the story and creates the feeling of familiarity. ", "It allows us to experience both the beauty and the grime—the everyday dichotomies and parallels; and the abundance and disparities that exist in any city. ", "Those images I chose to capture on black and white film offer a more cerebral interpretation of the narrative; injecting a sense of timelessness and a romanticized recollection of the past.", "\n\nThe final presentation of both color and monochromatic reveals at once a stark contrast where affluence and status is measured by one’s lack; and at once exposing the duality of contemporary society. ", "The extremes of complacency and desperation adorn each face, simply weary from time, and pushed to one’s limits.", "\n\nHalloween\n\nA major component of this process was to rediscover the twentieth-century humanist approach to explore and document city life and meeting people on their terms. ", "There is a certain amount of responsibility in taking photos of strangers. ", "You need to be honest with them, which can be a humbling experience. ", "Most times they are fine if not obliging to be photographed; on rare occasions the reaction is outright hostile.", "\n\nThe majority of these photographs were taken with a 28mm lens, which requires a personal inclination to get very close to strangers in public. ", "Interestingly, my choice of small 35mm manual film cameras also afforded me a greater ease of entry into people’s personal space. ", "Most subjects were genuinely quite excited and accommodating to have their photo taken on film rather than digital. ", "The result of this intimate proximity is the sense of being in the middle of the action. ", "I am not documenting the story so much as the experience.", "\n\nMan dressed in Klan robe fashioned out of underwear\n\nThese photographs focus on the immediate downtown area of Asheville. ", "As with many growing cities, it is a beacon for most cultural and political activity—it’s heart, if you will! ", "This is the portrait of a city as captured on my daily round. ", "The images are what I believe to be an honest portrayal of the city’s soul and mind. ", "I consider myself very fortunate to have access to a place that continues to offer photographic opportunities usually only available in larger metropolitan areas.", "\n\nLiving in an area for months or years allows for more time to understand its temperament. ", "This allows for a more casual and paced approach to discovering significant moments that speak more broadly about the people and culture rather than scores of random images hastily taken with little or no empathy.", "\n\nMan dressed as nun\n\nIn an age when most of our activities are under constant surveillance by cameras placed at every street corner, park, or shop, taking photographs in public is a somewhat archaic if not obsolete approach to documenting our surroundings. ", "Still, the goal is to capture people: people caught up in their routines; people in flux; people making sense of their roles in a new society as it transitions from the twentieth century into the new millennium. ", "The result is twofold as the process not only freezes time, but serves as a journal for one’s own experiences and perspective. ", "The photographer is both a witness and participant in the life event.", "\n\nEach city has its own movements. ", "Larger urban environments ebb and flow on a twenty-four hour cycle. ", "A smaller city like Asheville has a more relaxed atmosphere that picks up energy as night falls. ", "The city’s unique blend of urban and bohemian character is concentrated in the immediate downtown area and the outlying neighborhoods. ", "The temperament of the city’s urban center is not unlike San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district in the mid-1960’s, just prior to the hippy counterculture’s gradual displacement by soaring real estate prices and urban gentrification. ", "As with many similar cities in the Deep South, Asheville is not so much an anomaly as one of a number of unique communities dotting the landscape of the United States.", "\nI am interested in people and how they interact with their environment. ", "This is the intrinsic nature of street photography. ", "Some days, serendipitous; other times, gritty and jarring. ", "The urban landscape becomes a source of allusions: everyday lives become allegorical fodder for spontaneous theater that unfolds on public display. ", "Life is about extremes. ", "It is at once both ugly and beautiful.", "\n\nFamily inspecting billy goat\n\nThe city is a cacophony of human drama. ", "Street performers, merchants, tourists, anarchists, the homeless—all collide to create an overlap of pathos, the whimsical, and the gentle and brutal. ", "The sheer clutter of an urban environment only emphasizes the anthropomorphism to be found in its commercial advertisements and pop art equivalents. ", "I interpret such images as a metaphor for a city that has outgrown its innocence, slowly being displaced by the pedantic repetition of urban life. ", "Personal perspective becomes more complacent, if not jaded, when confronting both present and future prospects; each person striving to find and understand his and her place in the twenty-first century.", "\n\nYou can easily harbor a misanthropic view of people as you witness the day-to-day unraveling of human frailties. ", "In reality, it is a reminder that we are all imperfect, whether we wish to acknowledge those flaws within ourselves or simply ignore them. ", "You need to embrace what you see, including people’s shortcomings, or you become blind to any opportunity to capture life, both the ordinary and the sublime.", "\n­\n\nFilm set of Alice In Wonderland themed promotional video\n\nTo truly appreciate the world we live in, it becomes necessary to find the balance where one taps into the collective consciousness, while simultaneously rejecting any embedded dogma that discourages us from acknowledging perspectives outside our own personal reality. ", "By removing the societal and parochial constraints that limit our empathy for the nuances of diversity, we become aware of the beauty and poignancy that can enrich our understanding of ourselves and others.", "\n\nCity life can be viewed as a fragile ecosystem balancing the uneasy symbiosis of community and consumerism. ", "As a rule, we only require the most basic needs to live. ", "All else is driven by want and ego. ", "These photos depict the heart and mind—the flesh and soul of a culture grappling with the modern trend of gentrification. ", "Simultaneously, the community strives to maintain a semblance of its unique blend of bohemian, urban, and Appalachian culture that has for over a century persisted during both economic booms and financial upheaval. ", "These outward changes are the latest iteration of ongoing shifts in cultural and ethnic diversity.", "\n\nFamily at local fair\n\nCurrently there are more people residing in cities than rural areas in the US. ", "This is in stark contrast to the mass migration from urban centers to the suburbs that began in the mid-twentieth century. ", "Historically, urban centers have also tended towards celebrating a more secular individualism rather than the status quo.", "\n\nYet, the bohemian lifestyle in this and many growing cities is being gradually marginalized to make way for new hotels, kitschy city tours, “boutique” chain stores, and various other commercial ventures that cater to tourism dollars. ", "This is the obvious trade-off when a city experiences an economic resurgence. ", "The benefits of urban renewal outweigh economic downturns, decay of infrastructure, crime, and a bleak future. ", "And the last gasp for salvation, as if on cue, always seems to be gentrification.", "\n\nThe people featured are both individuals and archetypes of what is to be expected in a city like Asheville. ", "They are at once both provincial and universal, allowing us to better relate to the people and their unique circumstances. ", "It is this paradigm and dichotomy that inspired me to engage the public rather than being a mere observer, silent on the sidelines. ", "What I have learned is that to truly capture life, you must acknowledge and embrace it on its own terms.", "\n\nFruit left by passersby\n\nThese images reveal more than moments culled from everyday events, but to a degree, street theater, as I direct the viewer to visually experience what could never be conveyed in words alone. ", "In a culture seemingly becoming more tribal and isolated, the simple gesture of interacting, and understanding the lives of people arbitrarily encountered in a public space, may be the last gasp of retaining our collective connection as one people, sharing both life experiences and the finality of time.", "\n\n~ Joe Longobardi\n\nWrite for EMULSIVE\n\nEMULSIVE is all about promoting knowledge transfer across the film photography community. ", "You can help by contributing your thoughts, work and ideas to inspire others reading these pages: check out the submission guide.", "\n\nJoe Longobardi is a photographer, writer, musician, and illustrator. ", "Since 2008, he has been working professionally as a documentary and street photographer. ", "Joe attended The Art Institute of Boston where he studied graphic design and Illustration. ", "He was also a founding member of the recording and touring Metal band Attika releasing several album in the U.S, Europe and Japan." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Molly Luce\n\nMolly Luce (December 18, 1896 – April 16, 1986) was an American painter.", "\n\nBorn Marian Clark Luce in Pittsburgh, Luce grew up in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and in Plainfield and Glen Ridge, New Jersey, summering in Kingsville, Ohio. ", "with her grandparents. ", "She claimed that the first painting to affect her was The Horse Fair by Rosa Bonheur. ", "She studied art at Wheaton College under Amy Otis, earning an associate degree in 1916. ", "Further study followed at the Art Students League of New York under F. Luis Mora, George Bellows, and Kenneth Hayes Miller.", "\n\nAt the completion of her schooling in 1922–23, Luce traveled Europe, visiting France, Switzerland and Italy. ", " Upon her return in 1924 she exhibited at the Whitney Studio Club; she would show work there and at its successor organization, the Whitney Museum of American Art, in the annual and biennial exhibitions up to 1950. ", "She was one of the painters included in the Whitney Traveling Exhibition of 1925–26 as well. ", "Luce lived in Minneapolis in 1925; the following year she married conservator and art historian Alan Burroughs of the Fogg Art Museum and moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts. ", "In 1929 they moved to the suburb of Belmont, and in 1942 they purchased the house Threeways in Little Compton, Rhode Island, where both she and her husband died. ", "In 1966 twenty of her paintings were exhibited in a one-woman show celebrating the 50th anniversary of the graduation of Wheaton's class of 1916.", "\n\nLuce was described by critic Henry McBride as \"the American Breughel\", and her early style is reminiscent of that of Charles Burchfield; later paintings take a Precisionist approach. ", "The Whitney Museum of American Art owns examples of her work, as does the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which reproduced Winter in the Suburbs as a Christmas card. ", "Her painting Pennsylvania Coal Country of 1927, owned by the Carnegie Museum of Art, was included in the inaugural exhibition of the National Museum of Women in the Arts, American Women Artists 1830–1930, in 1987.", "\n\nLuce's papers are held by Syracuse University. ", "An oral history interview, recorded in 1981, is currently held by the Archives of American Art.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1896 births\nCategory:1986 deaths\nCategory:20th-century American painters\nCategory:American women painters\nCategory:Artists from Pittsburgh\nCategory:Painters from Pennsylvania\nCategory:Wheaton College (Massachusetts) alumni\nCategory:Art Students League of New York alumni\nCategory:20th-century American women artists\nCategory:People from Kingsville, Ohio" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "/******************************************************************************\n*******************************************************************************\n**\n** Copyright (C) Sistina Software, Inc. 1997-2003 All rights reserved.", "\n** Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.", "\n**\n** This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use,\n** modify, copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions\n** of the GNU General Public License v.2.", "\n**\n*******************************************************************************\n******************************************************************************/\n\n#include \"dlm_internal.h\"\n#include \"lockspace.h\"\n#include \"member.h\"\n#include \"dir.h\"\n#include \"ast.h\"\n#include \"recover.h\"\n#include \"lowcomms.h\"\n#include \"lock.h\"\n#include \"requestqueue.h\"\n#include \"recoverd.h\"\n\n\n/* If the start for which we're re-enabling locking (seq) has been superseded\n by a newer stop (ls_recover_seq), we need to leave locking disabled.", "\n\n We suspend dlm_recv threads here to avoid the race where dlm_recv a) sees\n locking stopped and b) adds a message to the requestqueue, but dlm_recoverd\n enables locking and clears the requestqueue between a and b. */\n\nstatic int enable_locking(struct dlm_ls *ls, uint64_t seq)\n{\n\tint error = -EINTR;\n\n\tdown_write(&ls->ls_recv_active);\n\n\tspin_lock(&ls->ls_recover_lock);\n\tif (ls->ls_recover_seq == seq) {\n\t\tset_bit(LSFL_RUNNING, &ls->ls_flags);\n\t\t/* unblocks processes waiting to enter the dlm */\n\t\tup_write(&ls->ls_in_recovery);\n\t\tclear_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_LOCK, &ls->ls_flags);\n\t\terror = 0;\n\t}\n\tspin_unlock(&ls->ls_recover_lock);\n\n\tup_write(&ls->ls_recv_active);\n\treturn error;\n}\n\nstatic int ls_recover(struct dlm_ls *ls, struct dlm_recover *rv)\n{\n\tunsigned long start;\n\tint error, neg = 0;\n\n\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover %llu\", (unsigned long long)rv->seq);\n\n\tmutex_lock(&ls->ls_recoverd_active);\n\n\tdlm_callback_suspend(ls);\n\n\tdlm_clear_toss(ls);\n\n\t/*\n\t * This list of root rsb's will be the basis of most of the recovery\n\t * routines.", "\n\t */\n\n\tdlm_create_root_list(ls);\n\n\t/*\n\t * Add or remove nodes from the lockspace's ls_nodes list.", "\n\t */\n\n\terror = dlm_recover_members(ls, rv, &neg);\n\tif (error) {\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_members error %d\", error);\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\t}\n\n\tdlm_recover_dir_nodeid(ls);\n\n\tls->ls_recover_dir_sent_res = 0;\n\tls->ls_recover_dir_sent_msg = 0;\n\tls->ls_recover_locks_in = 0;\n\n\tdlm_set_recover_status(ls, DLM_RS_NODES);\n\n\terror = dlm_recover_members_wait(ls);\n\tif (error) {\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_members_wait error %d\", error);\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\t}\n\n\tstart = jiffies;\n\n\t/*\n\t * Rebuild our own share of the directory by collecting from all other\n\t * nodes their master rsb names that hash to us.", "\n\t */\n\n\terror = dlm_recover_directory(ls);\n\tif (error) {\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_directory error %d\", error);\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\t}\n\n\tdlm_set_recover_status(ls, DLM_RS_DIR);\n\n\terror = dlm_recover_directory_wait(ls);\n\tif (error) {\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_directory_wait error %d\", error);\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\t}\n\n\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_directory %u out %u messages\",\n\t\t ls->ls_recover_dir_sent_res, ls->ls_recover_dir_sent_msg);\n\n\t/*\n\t * We may have outstanding operations that are waiting for a reply from\n\t * a failed node. ", " Mark these to be resent after recovery. ", " Unlock and\n\t * cancel ops can just be completed.", "\n\t */\n\n\tdlm_recover_waiters_pre(ls);\n\n\terror = dlm_recovery_stopped(ls);\n\tif (error)\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\n\tif (neg || dlm_no_directory(ls)) {\n\t\t/*\n\t\t * Clear lkb's for departed nodes.", "\n\t\t */\n\n\t\tdlm_recover_purge(ls);\n\n\t\t/*\n\t\t * Get new master nodeid's for rsb's that were mastered on\n\t\t * departed nodes.", "\n\t\t */\n\n\t\terror = dlm_recover_masters(ls);\n\t\tif (error) {\n\t\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_masters error %d\", error);\n\t\t\tgoto fail;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t/*\n\t\t * Send our locks on remastered rsb's to the new masters.", "\n\t\t */\n\n\t\terror = dlm_recover_locks(ls);\n\t\tif (error) {\n\t\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_locks error %d\", error);\n\t\t\tgoto fail;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tdlm_set_recover_status(ls, DLM_RS_LOCKS);\n\n\t\terror = dlm_recover_locks_wait(ls);\n\t\tif (error) {\n\t\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_locks_wait error %d\", error);\n\t\t\tgoto fail;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_locks %u in\",\n\t\t\t ls->ls_recover_locks_in);\n\n\t\t/*\n\t\t * Finalize state in master rsb's now that all locks can be\n\t\t * checked. ", " This includes conversion resolution and lvb\n\t\t * settings.", "\n\t\t */\n\n\t\tdlm_recover_rsbs(ls);\n\t} else {\n\t\t/*\n\t\t * Other lockspace members may be going through the \"neg\" steps\n\t\t * while also adding us to the lockspace, in which case they'll\n\t\t * be doing the recover_locks (RS_LOCKS) barrier.", "\n\t\t */\n\t\tdlm_set_recover_status(ls, DLM_RS_LOCKS);\n\n\t\terror = dlm_recover_locks_wait(ls);\n\t\tif (error) {\n\t\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_locks_wait error %d\", error);\n\t\t\tgoto fail;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tdlm_release_root_list(ls);\n\n\t/*\n\t * Purge directory-related requests that are saved in requestqueue.", "\n\t * All dir requests from before recovery are invalid now due to the dir\n\t * rebuild and will be resent by the requesting nodes.", "\n\t */\n\n\tdlm_purge_requestqueue(ls);\n\n\tdlm_set_recover_status(ls, DLM_RS_DONE);\n\n\terror = dlm_recover_done_wait(ls);\n\tif (error) {\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_done_wait error %d\", error);\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\t}\n\n\tdlm_clear_members_gone(ls);\n\n\tdlm_adjust_timeouts(ls);\n\n\tdlm_callback_resume(ls);\n\n\terror = enable_locking(ls, rv->seq);\n\tif (error) {\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"enable_locking error %d\", error);\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\t}\n\n\terror = dlm_process_requestqueue(ls);\n\tif (error) {\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_process_requestqueue error %d\", error);\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\t}\n\n\terror = dlm_recover_waiters_post(ls);\n\tif (error) {\n\t\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover_waiters_post error %d\", error);\n\t\tgoto fail;\n\t}\n\n\tdlm_recover_grant(ls);\n\n\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover %llu generation %u done: %u ms\",\n\t\t (unsigned long long)rv->seq, ls->ls_generation,\n\t\t jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - start));\n\tmutex_unlock(&ls->ls_recoverd_active);\n\n\tdlm_lsop_recover_done(ls);\n\treturn 0;\n\n fail:\n\tdlm_release_root_list(ls);\n\tlog_rinfo(ls, \"dlm_recover %llu error %d\",\n\t\t (unsigned long long)rv->seq, error);\n\tmutex_unlock(&ls->ls_recoverd_active);\n\treturn error;\n}\n\n/* The dlm_ls_start() that created the rv we take here may already have been\n stopped via dlm_ls_stop(); in that case we need to leave the RECOVERY_STOP\n flag set. */", "\n\nstatic void do_ls_recovery(struct dlm_ls *ls)\n{\n\tstruct dlm_recover *rv = NULL;\n\n\tspin_lock(&ls->ls_recover_lock);\n\trv = ls->ls_recover_args;\n\tls->ls_recover_args = NULL;\n\tif (rv && ls->ls_recover_seq == rv->seq)\n\t\tclear_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_STOP, &ls->ls_flags);\n\tspin_unlock(&ls->ls_recover_lock);\n\n\tif (rv) {\n\t\tls_recover(ls, rv);\n\t\tkfree(rv->nodes);\n\t\tkfree(rv);\n\t}\n}\n\nstatic int dlm_recoverd(void *arg)\n{\n\tstruct dlm_ls *ls;\n\n\tls = dlm_find_lockspace_local(arg);\n\tif (!", "ls) {\n\t\tlog_print(\"dlm_recoverd: no lockspace %p\", arg);\n\t\treturn -1;\n\t}\n\n\tdown_write(&ls->ls_in_recovery);\n\tset_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_LOCK, &ls->ls_flags);\n\twake_up(&ls->ls_recover_lock_wait);\n\n\twhile (1) {\n\t\t/*\n\t\t * We call kthread_should_stop() after set_current_state().", "\n\t\t * This is because it works correctly if kthread_stop() is\n\t\t * called just before set_current_state().", "\n\t\t */\n\t\tset_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);\n\t\tif (kthread_should_stop()) {\n\t\t\tset_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (!", "test_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_WORK, &ls->ls_flags) &&\n\t\t !", "test_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_DOWN, &ls->ls_flags)) {\n\t\t\tif (kthread_should_stop())\n\t\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t\tschedule();\n\t\t}\n\t\tset_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);\n\n\t\tif (test_and_clear_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_DOWN, &ls->ls_flags)) {\n\t\t\tdown_write(&ls->ls_in_recovery);\n\t\t\tset_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_LOCK, &ls->ls_flags);\n\t\t\twake_up(&ls->ls_recover_lock_wait);\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif (test_and_clear_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_WORK, &ls->ls_flags))\n\t\t\tdo_ls_recovery(ls);\n\t}\n\n\tif (test_bit(LSFL_RECOVER_LOCK, &ls->ls_flags))\n\t\tup_write(&ls->ls_in_recovery);\n\n\tdlm_put_lockspace(ls);\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nint dlm_recoverd_start(struct dlm_ls *ls)\n{\n\tstruct task_struct *p;\n\tint error = 0;\n\n\tp = kthread_run(dlm_recoverd, ls, \"dlm_recoverd\");\n\tif (IS_ERR(p))\n\t\terror = PTR_ERR(p);\n\telse\n ls->ls_recoverd_task = p;\n\treturn error;\n}\n\nvoid dlm_recoverd_stop(struct dlm_ls *ls)\n{\n\tkthread_stop(ls->ls_recoverd_task);\n}\n\nvoid dlm_recoverd_suspend(struct dlm_ls *ls)\n{\n\twake_up(&ls->ls_wait_general);\n\tmutex_lock(&ls->ls_recoverd_active);\n}\n\nvoid dlm_recoverd_resume(struct dlm_ls *ls)\n{\n\tmutex_unlock(&ls->ls_recoverd_active);\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nSharepoint 2010 custom fields xml \n\nlately I have been trying to develop a custom field (cascading dropdown) for sharepoint 2010. ", " I am using the sample from codeplex. ", " the problem is that the sample is for sharepoint 2007 and uses the as follows in XML. ", " \n <PropertySchema>\n <Fields>\n <Field Name=\"SiteUrl\" Hidden=\"TRUE\" DisplayName=\"SiteUrl\" MaxLength=\"500\" DisplaySize=\"100\" Type=\"Text\">\n </Field>\n\nfor some reason in Sharepoint 2010 this seems not to be working and is giving the following error: \n\nSystem.", "InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type 'ASP._controltemplates_cascadingdropdowneditfieldcontrol_ascx' to type 'Microsoft.", "SharePoint.", "WebControls.", "IFieldEditor'.", "\n at Microsoft.", "SharePoint.", "ApplicationPages.", "FieldCustomizationPage.", "CreateChildControls()\n at Microsoft.", "SharePoint.", "ApplicationPages.", "FieldNewPage.", "CreateChildControls()\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "EnsureChildControls()\n at Microsoft.", "SharePoint.", "ApplicationPages.", "FieldCustomizationPage.", "OnLoad(EventArgs e)\n at Microsoft.", "SharePoint.", "ApplicationPages.", "FieldNewPage.", "OnLoad(EventArgs e)\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Control.", "LoadRecursive()\n at System.", "Web.", "UI.Page.", "ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)\n\nis there a way to add same things in CreateChildControl instead of PropertySchema?? ", "or anyone has suggestions to solve this issue?", "\n\nA:\n\nFound this site which did the cascading drop down very easily: please refer to \nhttp://www.sharepointkings.com/2010/09/sharepoint-cascading-drop-downs-using.html\n\n" ]

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[ "Tamika Gayden, 35, has been charged with first degree murder of De'Kayla Dansberry. ", "Gayden allegedly gave her 13-year-old daughter a knife that was used to fatally stab De'Kayla. ", "View Full Caption Facebook; Chicago Police Department\n\nCHICAGO — A 13-year-old girl and her 35-year-old mother have been arrested and charged in the stabbing death of 16-year-old De'Kayla Dansberry on Saturday night in Washington Park, according to police and media reports.", "\n\nThe 13-year-old girl has been charged with first degree murder after she allegedly stabbed De'Kayla once in the chest during a fight near an apartment complex in the South Side neighborhood, police said.", "\n\nThe girl was given the knife by her mother, 35-year-old Tamika Gayden, who has also been charged with first degree murder in the case, according to police and media reports.", "\n\nGayden, who lives in the Parkway Gardens complex where the fight took place, was also charged with one felony count of contributing to the delinquency of a minor.", "\n\nDeKayla Washington, 16, was stabbed to death near her home in Washington Park Saturday. ", "A 13-year-old girl has been charged in the killing. ", "View Full Caption DNAinfo/Joe Ward\n\nThe girl charged in the crime has not been named because she is a juvenile, per police procedure.", "\n\nRELATED: TEEN STABBED TO DEATH 'HAD EVERYTHING GOING FOR HER'\n\nThe girls were fighting at 7:30 p.m. Saturday in the Parkway Gardens complex in the 6400 block of South King Drive, according to police. ", "The incident turned from a verbal fight into a physical altercation, and De'Kayla was stabbed once in the chest and died later at Stroger Hospital, police said.", "\n\nAfter the incident, the 13-year-old girl was seen washing off the murder weapon and allegedly told her mother, \"I killed her,\" referring to De'Kayla, at a court hearing, according to the Sun-Times.", "\n\nThe girl who stabbed De'Kayla turned herself in to police Monday afternoon, police said in a news release. ", "She appeared in juvenile court Tuesday and was ordered to be held in police custody pending a trial, according to the Sun-Times. ", "She reportedly will plead not guilty.", "\n\nFriends of the Johnson College Prep student said De'Kayla was an outgoing and loyal friend. ", "She was on the track team and had enrolled in mentorship programs like Swag the Runway. ", "Police said De'Kayla was 15 years old, while the Cook County Medical Examiner's office said she was 16.", "\n\nIt was not like her to get in fights, since she had \"everything going for her,\" said a friend, Dennis Mapp.", "\n\n\"She was cute, she was on the track team, had trophies,\" Mapp said at a memorial for the girl. \"", "It was jealousy,\" he said of the fight that cost De'Kayla her life.", "\n\nDetectives had questioned people in the stabbing earlier this week, but they were released without charges, Armezaga said Monday.", "\n\nFor more neighborhood news, listen to DNAinfo Radio here:" ]

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[ "Royal Blood talks chaos, cacti and fleshing out its set list before playing the Forum in Inglewood\n\nEnglish rock duo Royal Blood (drummer Ben Thatcher, left, and bassist Mike Kerr) will open for Palm Desert rock band Queens of the Stone Age on Saturday, Feb. 17 at the Forum in Inglewood. (", "Photo courtesy of Royal Blood)\n\nThe past four years have been a fantastically successful blur for bassist Mike Kerr and drummer Ben Thatcher of the English rock duo Royal Blood. ", "The pair formed in 2013 and hit the ground running following the release of their self-titled major label debut in 2014. ", "The record, featuring the singles “Figure It Out” and “Come On Over,” topped the rock charts in both the U.S. and the U.K. and helped get the band on board at several major music festivals.", "\n\nRoyal Blood’s first festival experience was the Glastonbury Festival in England in 2014. ", "The iconic five-day cultural gathering currently draws up to 175,000 people and Kerr described the moment as being simply “terrifying.”", "\n\n“Terrifying sums it up,” he said during a recent phone interview. “", "As time has gone on, we’ve just gotten way more arrogant, so now we’re fine. ", "Now we’re like, ‘We’re the best!’ ", "So, we’re fine.”", "\n\nIt helps that both Kerr and Thatcher have a good sense of humor and that they take the music – and not so much themselves – seriously. ", "Despite the cockiness of his commentary, Kerr said that both he and Thatcher are grateful that rock bands and icons such as Foo Fighters, Arctic Monkeys, Iggy Pop and Queens of the Stone Age have taken notice of their music.", "\n\n“I think before you go on tour with a band, even if you like each other’s music, that doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll get on very well,” Kerr said of getting paired up with QOTSA last year. “", "When we first met Queens, I don’t think we had even started the tour yet and we got on like a house on fire. ", "They’re just a really nice group of people and they went above and beyond to make us feel very welcome on their stage. ", "We also drank a crazy amount of tequila. ", "Like, it was nuts.”", "\n\nIn the past, Kerr had cited QOTSA, and specifically the Palm Desert-based band’s frontman, Josh Homme, as a big influence on his playing and singing. ", "He’s also glad that the bands share a similar sense of humor and he gets a kick out of the slew of cactus plants – presumably “gifts” from QOTSA – that have suddenly appeared on their bus during this tour.", "\n\n“They just keep popping up everywhere,” he noted.", "\n\nKerr said he also remains humbled by the fact that some of his heroes, like Homme and Foo frontman Dave Grohl, have taken Royal Blood under their wing.", "\n\n“I would have the same amount of respect for them as musicians even if they didn’t like what we do,” he said. “", "It’s definitely a big deal to us that they support what we do and they’re encouraging of it as well. ", "It’s pretty sweet and I’m not complaining.”", "\n\nFor a two-piece, Royal Blood makes a lot of noise. ", "The gritty, bluesy, garage-rock style sounds ginormous, even in big venues and sprawling outdoor amphitheaters. ", "Yet, with just the two of them on the stage, a feeling of intimacy remains intact. ", "Its sound definitely draws people in, especially with the inclusion of cuts off of its sophomore release, “How Did We Get So Dark?,” ", "which dropped back in June.", "\n\nAfter experiencing a breakup, Kerr entered the studio with a lot of fresh feelings and he let them all bleed out via songs like “Lights Out,” “I Only Lie When I Love You” and “Hook, Line & Sinker.” ", "Fans and critics picked up on and commented on some subtle additions to the music, including the cowbell in “I Only Lie When I Love You” and the keyboards in “Hole in Your Heart.”", "\n\n“We’ve never made music based on customer feedback,” Kerr said, addressing specifically the fan comments and overall demand for “more cowbell” in “I Only Lie When I Love You,” referencing he old “Saturday Night Live” skit featuring Christopher Walken.", "\n\n“This is one minor complaint – so they spoke and we listened,” he continued and joked that the next Royal Blood record may just be “all cowbell and keyboards.”", "\n\nWhile out on tour with the new music, Kerr said fans have responded well to the fresh material and that once they finally added the album title track into the setlist, the shows felt more complete.", "\n\n“We didn’t put it in until quite later on and when we started playing it, we immediately regretted not playing it straight away,” he said of the biting rock track, “How Did We Get So Dark?” “", "I don’t know why, it just feels really good.”", "\n\nAs the band continues to rack up the milestones – from playing major festivals such as the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in Indio and the Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival in Manchester, Tennessee to winning multiple NME, Kerrang! ", "and Brit Awards trophies – Kerr said he’s happy to not have to experience all of the craziness and accolades solo. ", "Kerr and Thatcher met when they were just 15-years-old and now that the duo are both 27, Kerr said despite the massive amount of time they’ve spent on the road, they’re not sick of each other, but rather “sick on each other.”", "\n\n“When you experience something special or crazy, it’s always better when there’s someone to share it and you don’t feel alone,” he said. “", "I can’t imagine what it’s like being a pop star and having the world implode around you and there’s no one there to understand it. ", "I definitely feel very lucky that I have a friend next to me who is going through the same chaos. ", "I realize that makes it sound like it’s so difficult, but it’s not. ", "It’s basically just one giant (good time).”" ]

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[ "export var defaultCalendar = {\n sameDay : '[Today at] LT',\n nextDay : '[Tomorrow at] LT',\n nextWeek : 'dddd [at] LT',\n lastDay : '[Yesterday at] LT',\n lastWeek : '[Last] dddd [at] LT',\n sameElse : 'L'\n};\n\nimport isFunction from '../utils/is-function';\n\nexport function calendar (key, mom, now) {\n var output = this._calendar[key];\n return isFunction(output) ? ", "output.call(mom, now) : output;\n}\n" ]

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[ "Histopathological Predictors of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Breast Cancer.", "\nBACKGROUND: A tumor 30 mm or less in diameter is a standard candidate for breast conserving surgery (BCS) in Japan. ", "Axillary lymph node metastases (ALNM) is the most important prognostic factor for survival in patients with breast cancer, but the role of axillary node dissection has been controversial. ", "Histopathological predictive factors of axillary lymph node involvement have not been established. ", "The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the incidence of ALNM and histopathological factors by univariate and multivariate analysis METHODS: Sixty-five patients with noninvasive ductal carcinoma, and 993 patients with tumors 30 mm or less in diameter who underwent axillary dissection between 1988 and 1997 at our institute were reviewed. ", "The association between ALNM and 13 histopathological factors (size, age, histological subtype, histological invasiveness, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, macroscopic classification, histological daughter mass, ductal spread, ER, PgR, p-53, and c-erbB-2) were analyzed by univariate and, when significant, by multivariate analysis. ", "RESULTS: Only one patient with noninvasive ductal carcinoma had ALNM, and 33.1% of 993 patients with a tumor 30 mm or less in size had ALNM. ", "Multivariate analysis identified six factors as independent predictors for ALNM: lymphatic invasion, size, histological invasiveness, macroscopic classification, age and histological daughter mass. ", "CONCLUSION: Axillary lymph node dissection can be omitted in patients with noninvasive ductal carcinoma. ", "Histopathological features of tumors 30 mm or less in diameter can be used to estimate the risk of ALNM, and routine axillary node dissection might be spared in selected patients at minimal risk of ALNM, if the treatment decision is not influenced by lymph node status, such as in elderly patients." ]

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[ "La plupart des centres de recherche financés par le ministère de l'Agriculture du Québec sont administrés par une majorité de représentants de l'industrie, parmi lesquels des lobbyistes. ", "Dans le même temps, le ministère a abandonné les pouvoirs qu'il y détenait. ", "C'est ce qu'a découvert Radio-Canada, dans la foulée de l'affaire du lanceur d'alerte Louis Robert.", "\n\nLe fonctionnaire Louis Robert a été congédié par le ministère de l'Agriculture du Québec (MAPAQ) pour avoir dénoncé dans les médias l'ingérence de lobbyistes propesticides au sein du Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM), une situation qui avait entraîné la démission de plusieurs chercheurs.", "\n\nLe CÉROM est financé à 68 % par le ministère. ", "Pourtant, des 10 sièges du conseil d’administration, 6 sont occupés par des représentants de l’industrie, parmi lesquels 4 lobbyistes actifs. ", "Le gouvernement n'y détient aucun droit de vote.", "\n\nLe mois dernier, la controverse a contraint le président du CÉROM, Christian Overbeek, à recommander que les principaux postes d’administrateurs (président, vice-président, trésorier, secrétaire) ne soient plus occupés par des producteurs ou des représentants de l’industrie.", "\n\nOr, la situation est la même dans la plupart des autres centres de recherche. ", "L'industrie y est omniprésente, ce que dénoncent plusieurs experts.", "\n\nOn a mis le milieu agricole aux commandes. ", "Guy Debailleul, professeur d’économie agroalimentaire à l’Université Laval\n\nSans constater une crise interne semblable à celle du CÉROM, voici ce que nous avons découvert.", "\n\n1. ", "Centre de développement du porc du Québec (CDPQ)\n\nAgrandir l’image  (Nouvelle fenêtre)   La collecte de semence de verrat constitue une activité complexe. ", "Photo : Getty Images / Damin Meyer\n\nMission de recherche : « permettre au secteur porcin québécois de répondre aux exigences des marchés et des consommateurs et assurer son développement durable »\n\n« permettre au secteur porcin québécois de répondre aux exigences des marchés et des consommateurs et assurer son développement durable » Argent reçu par année du MAPAQ : 2,4 millions de dollars (41 % du budget)\n\n2,4 millions de dollars (41 % du budget) Administrateurs du ministère avec le droit de vote : 0 (une observatrice)\n\n0 (une observatrice) Administrateurs de l'industrie : 8 sur 12 (dont 4 lobbyistes)\n\nLe président du C. A., Réjean Vermette, est producteur de porc et siège aussi au conseil d'administration de la Coop fédérée, la plus importante entreprise agroalimentaire au Québec.", "\n\nLe vice-président, Yvan Lacroix, est lobbyiste actif et défend la filière porcine pour le compte de différents regroupements afin qu'elle soit priorisée par le gouvernement du Québec et reçoive de l'appui financier.", "\n\nDepuis fin 2017, le CDPQ a élargi la composition de son conseil d’administration « pour avoir une meilleure représentativité de la filière », explique le directeur général, Jacques Faucher.", "\n\n« Un comité a été mis en place pour définir les priorités de recherche », ajoute-t-il, et « tous les membres [du C. A.] adhèrent à un code d’éthique et de déontologie ».", "\n\n« Le MAPAQ a décidé de ne plus occuper de fonction d’administrateur au sein du conseil d’administration, y occupant plutôt un rôle de conseiller. »", "\n\n2. ", "Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole (ACER)\n\nMission de recherche : « stimuler l’innovation et favoriser le développement durable de l'industrie »\n\n« stimuler l’innovation et favoriser le développement durable de l'industrie » Argent reçu par année du MAPAQ : 825 000 $ (44 % du budget)\n\n825 000 $ (44 % du budget) Administrateurs du ministère avec le droit de vote : 0 (En revanche, il y a un représentant avec droit de vote du ministère des Forêts, alors que ce ministère ne finance que 1,6 % du budget.)", "\n\n0 (En revanche, il y a un représentant avec droit de vote du ministère des Forêts, alors que ce ministère ne finance que 1,6 % du budget.) ", "Administrateurs de l'industrie : 12 sur 13 (dont 3 lobbyistes)\n\nLe président du C. A., Serge Beaulieu, est également président et lobbyiste actif de la Fédération des producteurs acéricoles du Québec.", "\n\nUn autre administrateur, Simon Trépanier, est le directeur général et lobbyiste de la Fédération des producteurs.", "\n\nLe vice-président du centre de recherche, Daniel Dufour, est également directeur général du Conseil de l’industrie de l’érable et lobbyiste actif pour le compte du Conseil de la transformation alimentaire du Québec.", "\n\nLe Centre ACER mentionne que les membres du C. A. sont « représentatifs de la filière » (producteurs, transformateurs, équipementiers…). « ", "Plusieurs administrateurs sont des compétiteurs, précise le directeur général Yves Bois. ", "Cette diversité protège l’indépendance des activités du Centre. »", "\n\nIl n’y a toutefois aucun représentant du monde universitaire ou des consommateurs.", "\n\n« Le MAPAQ a graduellement décidé, ces dernières années, de diminuer sa participation de deux administrateurs [avec droit de vote] à un observateur », explique M. Bois.", "\n\n« Nous sommes actuellement à finaliser un code d’éthique des administrateurs », ajoute le directeur général.", "\n\n3. ", "Centre d'expertise en production ovine (CEPOQ)\n\nAgrandir l’image  (Nouvelle fenêtre)   Une brebis et ses deux agneaux sur la ferme de Nathanael Polson près de Ponoka. ", "Photo : Radio-Canada / Julie Préjet\n\nMission de recherche : « contribuer à la protection de l’environnement, à la santé des troupeaux et à la sécurité alimentaire »\n\n« contribuer à la protection de l’environnement, à la santé des troupeaux et à la sécurité alimentaire » Argent reçu par année du MAPAQ : 810 000 $ (56 % du budget)\n\n810 000 $ (56 % du budget) Administrateurs du ministère avec le droit de vote : 0 (une observatrice)\n\n0 (une observatrice) Administrateurs de l'industrie : 5 sur 8 (dont 2 lobbyistes)\n\nLa majorité des membres du conseil d’administration sont des producteurs.", "\n\nLe vice-président du C. A. François Deslauriers est également premier vice-président et lobbyiste de la Fédération des éleveurs ovins du Québec.", "\n\nLe président de la Fédération siège aussi au conseil d’administration du centre de recherche.", "\n\nIl n’y a aucun représentant de la recherche universitaire ou des consommateurs.", "\n\n« C'est le gouvernement du Québec qui a demandé à son employé de ne pas avoir de droit de vote », explique le président du CEPOQ, Georges Parent.", "\n\n« On a un C. A. assez représentatif, ajoute-t-il. ", "C’est sûr que ce sont surtout des producteurs parce que ce sont les utilisateurs de la recherche. »", "\n\nLe CEPOQ s’engage à l’« impartialité de l’expertise fournie » et à la « qualité et rigueur des travaux ».", "\n\n4. ", "Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement (IRDA)\n\nMission de recherche : « soutenir le développement d’une agriculture durable au Québec »\n\n« soutenir le développement d’une agriculture durable au Québec » Argent reçu par année du MAPAQ : 6,3 millions de dollars (56 % du budget)\n\n6,3 millions de dollars (56 % du budget) Administrateurs du ministère avec le droit de vote : 0 (aucun observateur)\n\n0 (aucun observateur) Administrateurs de l'industrie : 5 sur 9 (dont 2 lobbyistes)\n\nUn des administrateurs de l’institut de recherche est Martin Caron, premier vice-président de l’Union des producteurs agricoles et lobbyiste actif de l’UPA.", "\n\nYvan Fréchette, premier vice-président et lobbyiste pour les Éleveurs de porcs du Québec, est aussi administrateur de l’IRDA.", "\n\nL’institut de recherche considère que son conseil d’administration offre une « représentativité à l’image de l’ensemble de filières agricoles visées par les activités de recherche et développement » avec des producteurs de divers secteurs.", "\n\nLe président du C. A. est un agronome du MAPAQ à la retraite. ", "Mais les fonctionnaires actifs du ministère ne sont plus là.", "\n\n« Le MAPAQ était présent sur le conseil depuis 1998, mais a renoncé en 2017 à son siège de membre votant », explique Mathieu Bilodeau, responsable des communications de l’IRDA.", "\n\n5. ", "Centre d'expertise en production laitière du Québec (Valacta)\n\nAgrandir l’image  (Nouvelle fenêtre)   Vaches laitières à l'heure de la traite Photo : iStock\n\nMission de recherche : « contribuer au développement durable et à la prospérité du secteur laitier par le transfert du savoir et par ses services d’analyse et de gestion de l’information »\n\n« contribuer au développement durable et à la prospérité du secteur laitier par le transfert du savoir et par ses services d’analyse et de gestion de l’information » Argent reçu par année du MAPAQ : Inconnu. (", "Valacta ne publie pas ses états financiers et a refusé de nous les fournir. ", "Le Centre affirme que cela représente moins de 6 % de son budget, mais impossible de le vérifier.)", "\n\nInconnu. (", "Valacta ne publie pas ses états financiers et a refusé de nous les fournir. ", "Le Centre affirme que cela représente moins de 6 % de son budget, mais impossible de le vérifier.) ", "Administrateurs du ministère avec le droit de vote : 1. (", "C'est une particularité chez Valacta : le MAPAQ y a maintenu son droit de vote. ", "Le siège est toutefois vacant et sera pourvu en avril. ", "Il y a aussi une observatrice du ministère dans le C. A., non-votante.)", "\n\n1. (", "C'est une particularité chez Valacta : le MAPAQ y a maintenu son droit de vote. ", "Le siège est toutefois vacant et sera pourvu en avril. ", "Il y a aussi une observatrice du ministère dans le C. A., non-votante.) ", "Administrateurs de l'industrie : 7 sur 14 (dont 4 lobbyistes)\n\nLe président du C. A., Pierre Lampron, est également administrateur des Producteurs de lait du Québec et lobbyiste enregistré pour leur compte. ", "Il plaide pour que toute modification à la politique bioalimentaire du Québec « favorise la prospérité et le développement du secteur laitier ».", "\n\nLe conseil d’administration est composé d’une majorité de producteurs laitiers. « ", "C’est notre clientèle principale, explique la directrice des communications de Valacta, Annik Perron. ", "Les Producteurs de lait du Québec sont actionnaires majoritaires. »", "\n\nL’Université McGill et le MAPAQ sont les deux autres actionnaires.", "\n\nTrois universitaires siègent actuellement au C. A., et cela « constitue une caution scientifique à nos actions », dit la porte-parole de Valacta.", "\n\nContrairement aux autres organismes, le ministère de l’Agriculture a conservé son droit de vote, et Valacta y voit un avantage. « ", "Le MAPAQ, en étant membre votant, veille à la bonne utilisation des fonds qui nous sont octroyés », affirme Annik Perron.", "\n\n6. ", "Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault (CRSAD)\n\nAgrandir l’image  (Nouvelle fenêtre)   Un élevage de poulets Photo : getty images/istockphoto / ligora\n\nMission de recherche : « soutenir la recherche et le développement en sciences animales selon une stratégie collective afin d'enrichir l'expertise du secteur »\n\n« soutenir la recherche et le développement en sciences animales selon une stratégie collective afin d'enrichir l'expertise du secteur » Argent reçu par année du MAPAQ : 1,9 million $ (40 % du budget)\n\n1,9 million $ (40 % du budget) Administrateurs du ministère avec le droit de vote : 0 (une observatrice)\n\n0 (une observatrice) Administrateurs de l'industrie : 2 sur 10 (dont 2 lobbyistes)\n\nLe vice-président du C. A. Yvan Fréchette est premier vice-président des Éleveurs de porcs du Québec. ", "À ce titre, il est enregistré comme lobbyiste pour orienter les actions du gouvernement afin de favoriser la filière porcine.", "\n\nLe CRSAD dispose cependant d'un conseil d'administration très diversifié. ", "Son président est chercheur à l'Université Laval, et trois autres universitaires siègent au C. A.\n\nIl y a deux ans, le ministère de l’Agriculture s’est retiré du conseil d’administration pour n’y laisser qu’une observatrice.", "\n\nDes experts recommandent des changements\n\nIl y a 20, 25 ans, la recherche appliquée se faisait encore à l’intérieur du ministère de l’Agriculture du Québec, mais le MAPAQ a converti ses centres de recherche en organismes sans but lucratif au tournant des années 2000.", "\n\nLes investissements privés ont été encouragés, mais le gouvernement a conservé une part importante du financement.", "\n\nEn 2016 et 2017, sous la gouverne du ministre libéral Pierre Paradis, les fonctionnaires du ministère ont soudainement quitté leurs sièges aux conseils d’administration des organismes.", "\n\nLe manque de leadership du MAPAQ a été remplacé par celui de l'Union des producteurs agricoles qui, elle, n'a pas peur d'exercer du pouvoir. ", "Guy Debailleul, professeur d’économie agroalimentaire à l’Université Laval\n\nLe professeur d'économie agroalimentaire à l'Université Laval Guy Debailleul a déjà siégé au conseil d’administration de l’IRDA. ", "Il se souvient de prises de bec qui, selon lui, « illustraient la position de conflit d’intérêts de certains représentants des producteurs ».", "\n\nLe professeur recommande que les représentants de l’industrie ne soient pas présents dans les C.A., mais dans des comités d’orientation, sans avoir le pouvoir de bloquer la planification ou la diffusion de recherches.", "\n\nM. Debailleul demande aussi au ministère d’« assumer sa responsabilité dans l'utilisation des fonds publics », puisque « certaines recherches concernent l'ensemble de la société ».", "\n\nUne opinion partagée par l'ancienne secrétaire générale de la Commission Pronovost sur l'avenir de l'agriculture et de l'agroalimentaire au Québec, Suzanne Dion.", "\n\nLe MAPAQ justifie son absence\n\n« Les représentants du MAPAQ étaient placés en situation de conflit de loyauté entre leurs responsabilités légales d’administrateurs et l’exercice de leur charge publique », explique le porte-parole du ministère, Yohan Dallaire-Boily.", "\n\nPar exemple, la loi oblige les membres d'un conseil d'administration d'avoir pour seul ou principal objectif le bien de l'organisme.", "\n\nLe MAPAQ estime que les « personnes-ressources » qui ont remplacé les administrateurs votants « disposent de la marge de manoeuvre pour informer le ministère de situations qui requièrent son attention ».", "\n\nIl existerait une solution facile au problème du ministère, selon Michel Magnan, professeur et titulaire de la chaire de gouvernance d'entreprise S.A. Jarislowsky de l’Université Concordia : « Ce n'est pas obligatoire que les administrateurs soient des fonctionnaires, ça peut être des personnes nommées par le ministère. »", "\n\nMême l’Union des producteurs agricoles, omniprésente sur les conseils d’administration, en appelle au retour des administrateurs du MAPAQ.", "\n\n« Nous, on n’a jamais eu d’objection, au contraire, dit le président de l’UPA, Marcel Groleau. ", "On a toujours souhaité la présence du MAPAQ avec nous sur ces conseils d’administration, avec un droit de vote également, pour bien s’exprimer sur les enjeux et les décisions à prendre. »", "\n\nL'intérêt des producteurs est largement compatible avec l'intérêt public. ", "Marcel Groleau, président de l’Union des producteurs agricoles\n\nEst-ce que les producteurs agricoles sont trop nombreux dans les C. A. des centres de recherche ? « ", "C’est au MAPAQ de l’évaluer », dit Marcel Groleau.", "\n\n« Il ne faut pas jeter le bébé avec l'eau du bain, dit-il. ", "La présence de ces producteurs est essentielle pour orienter ou s'assurer que ces recherches correspondent aux enjeux qu'on vit sur le terrain. ", "Pour pas que ce soit des trips de chercheurs. »", "\n\nSelon lui, la crise vécue au CÉROM ne se retrouve pas dans les autres centres de recherche, et il affirme que les producteurs n’ont aucun intérêt à influencer des résultats de recherche.", "\n\n« Les producteurs sont les premiers à vouloir la vérité, dit Marcel Groleau. ", "S'il y a un traitement qui est plus efficace qu'un autre, je suis le premier à vouloir le savoir. »", "\n\nNouvelles directives du ministère\n\nL’an dernier, dans la foulée de la crise au CÉROM, le ministère de l’Agriculture a transmis de nouvelles directives aux centres de recherche en ce qui concerne leur gouvernance.", "\n\nLes membres du C. A. peuvent être issus d'un milieu, mais n'en sont pas les représentants. ", "Consigne donnée par le ministère de l’Agriculture du Québec\n\nLes conseils d’administration doivent représenter « tous les maillons de la filière », instaurer une « rotation des membres », et les officiers (président, vice-président, trésorier, secrétaire) doivent avoir des profils diversifiés." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to redirect a user to a specific activity in Cloud Firestore?", "\n\nWhile Registering an account using Firebase auth I stored emails in 2 categories Teacher and Student. ", "I add emails to Firestore 2 different categories Teacher and Student with email and password. ", "When I login I want to check that email belongs to which category (Teacher or Student) how can I do that I tried the firestore query isequalsto but it didn't differentiate.", "\nHere is my database\nTeacher\n\nStudent\n\nAny other possible solution?", "\nhere is my code for login activity\npackage com.example.dell.step;\n\nimport android.app.", "ProgressDialog;\nimport android.content.", "Intent;\nimport android.os.", "Bundle;\nimport android.support.annotation.", "NonNull;\nimport android.support.v7.app.", "AppCompatActivity;\nimport android.support.v7.widget.", "Toolbar;\nimport android.text.", "TextUtils;\nimport android.view.", "View;\nimport android.widget.", "Button;\nimport android.widget.", "EditText;\nimport android.widget.", "Toast;\n\nimport com.google.android.gms.tasks.", "OnCompleteListener;\nimport com.google.android.gms.tasks.", "OnSuccessListener;\nimport com.google.android.gms.tasks.", "Task;\nimport com.google.firebase.auth.", "AuthResult;\nimport com.google.firebase.auth.", "FirebaseAuth;\nimport com.google.firebase.firestore.", "CollectionReference;\nimport com.google.firebase.firestore.", "FirebaseFirestore;\nimport com.google.firebase.firestore.", "QuerySnapshot;\n\npublic class LoginActivity extends AppCompatActivity {\n\n private Button mRegbtn;\n private Button mloginbtn;\n private EditText mEmail;\n private EditText mPassword;\n\n private Toolbar mToolbar;\n\n private FirebaseAuth mAuth;\n\n private ProgressDialog mLoginDialog;\n private FirebaseFirestore firebaseFirestore;\n private CollectionReference collectionReference_I;\n private CollectionReference collectionReference_S;\n\n @Override\n protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);\n\n mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();\n\n //Progress Dialog\n\n mLoginDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);\n\n //FOr Toolbar\n\n mToolbar = findViewById(R.id.login_toolbar);\n setSupportActionBar(mToolbar);\n getSupportActionBar().setTitle(\"Login Account\");\n\n mloginbtn = findViewById(R.id.login_btn);\n mEmail = findViewById(R.id.login_email);\n mPassword = findViewById(R.id.login_password);\n\n mRegbtn = findViewById(R.id.login_reg_btn);\n\n firebaseFirestore = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance();\n\n mRegbtn.setOnClickListener(new View.", "OnClickListener() {\n @Override\n public void onClick(View v) {\n\n Intent regIntent = new Intent(LoginActivity.this, RegisterActivity.class);\n startActivity(regIntent);\n finish();\n\n }\n });\n\n mloginbtn.setOnClickListener(new View.", "OnClickListener() {\n @Override\n public void onClick(View v) {\n String email = mEmail.getText().toString();\n String password = mPassword.getText().toString();\n\n if (!", "TextUtils.isEmpty(email) && !", "TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {\n mLoginDialog.setTitle(\"Login User\");\n mLoginDialog.setMessage(\"Please wait while we login to your account :)\");\n //it stops cancel Dialog when user touch on screen\n mLoginDialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);\n mLoginDialog.show();\n\n login_user(email, password);\n }\n }\n });\n\n }\n\n private void login_user(final String email, final String password) {\n\n collectionReference_I = firebaseFirestore.collection(\"Teacher\");\n collectionReference_S = firebaseFirestore.collection(\"Student\");\n\n collectionReference_I.whereEqualTo(\"teacher_email\", email).get().addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<QuerySnapshot>() {\n @Override\n public void onSuccess(QuerySnapshot documentSnapshots) {\n\n mAuth.signInWithEmailAndPassword(email, password).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() {\n @Override\n public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) {\n\n if (task.isSuccessful()) {\n\n //Dismiss the progress Dialog\n mLoginDialog.dismiss();\n\n //user is registered\n Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this, \"Welcome to Teacher Account\", Toast.", "LENGTH_SHORT).show();\n Intent mainIntent = new Intent(LoginActivity.this, MainActivity.class);\n startActivity(mainIntent);\n finish();\n\n } else {\n\n mLoginDialog.hide();\n\n //if user is not registered\n Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this, \"Cannot Log in Please check the form and try again!\", ", "Toast.", "LENGTH_LONG).show();\n\n }\n\n }\n });\n\n }\n });\n\n collectionReference_S.whereEqualTo(\"Student_email\", email).get().addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<QuerySnapshot>() {\n @Override\n public void onSuccess(QuerySnapshot documentSnapshots) {\n\n mAuth.signInWithEmailAndPassword(email, password).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() {\n @Override\n public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) {\n\n if (task.isSuccessful()) {\n\n //Dismiss the progress Dialog\n mLoginDialog.dismiss();\n\n //user is registered\n Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this, \"Welcome to Student Account\", Toast.", "LENGTH_SHORT).show();\n Intent mainIntent = new Intent(LoginActivity.this, StudentMain.class);\n startActivity(mainIntent);\n finish();\n\n } else {\n\n mLoginDialog.hide();\n\n //if user is not registered\n Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this, \"Cannot Log in Please check the form and try again!\", ", "Toast.", "LENGTH_LONG).show();\n\n }\n\n }\n });\n\n }\n });\n\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nUsing two different collections, one for each type of your users isn't quite a flexible solutions. ", "Another more simpler solution might be:\nFirestore-root\n |\n --- users (collection)\n |\n --- uid (document)\n | |\n | --- email: \"student@email.com\"\n | |\n | --- password: \"********\"\n | |\n | --- type: \"student\"\n |\n --- uid (document)\n |\n --- email: \"teacher@email.com\"\n |\n --- password: \"********\"\n |\n --- type: \"teacher\"\n\nSee, I have added the type of the user as a property of your user object. ", "Now, to get a user based on the email address, please use the following lines of code:\nFirebaseFirestore rootRef = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance();\nCollectionReference usersRef = rootRef.collection(\"users\");\nQuery query = usersRef.whereEqualTo(\"email\", \"student@email.com\")\nquery.get().addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() {\n @Override\n public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> task) {\n if (task.isSuccessful()) {\n for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : task.getResult()) {\n String email = document.getString(\"email\");\n String password = document.getString(\"password\");\n mAuth.signInWithEmailAndPassword(email, password).addOnCompleteListener(/* ... */);\n }\n }\n }\n});\n\nOnce the user is authenticated, to redirect the user to the corresponding activity, please use the following lines of code:\nString uid = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser().getUid();\nusersRef.document(uid).get().addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {\n @Override\n public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<DocumentSnapshot> task) {\n if (task.isSuccessful()) {\n DocumentSnapshot document = task.getResult();\n if (document.exists()) {\n String type = document.getString(\"type\");\n if(type.equals(\"student\")) {\n startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, Student.class));\n } else if (type.equals(\"teacher\")) {\n startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, Teacher.class));\n }\n }\n }\n }\n});\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nExcel Work Book - Read from C# substantially slow ? ", "\n\nwas experimenting with reading from an excel workbook and noticed it takes a long time to read a sheet with 3560 rows and 7 columns, about 1 minute and 17 seconds. ", "All I did was loop through the whole sheet and store the values in a list.", "\nIs this normal, or am I doing something wrong ?", "\n static void Main(string[] args)\n {\n List<string> testList = new List<string>();\n Excel.", "Application excelApp = new Excel.", "Application();\n Excel.", "Workbook workbook = excelApp.", "Workbooks.", "Open(@\"C:\\Users\\rnewell\\Desktop\\FxData.xlsx\");\n Excel.", "Worksheet worksheet = workbook.", "Sheets[1];\n Excel.", "Range range = worksheet.", "UsedRange;\n\n int rowCount = range.", "Rows.", "Count;\n int colCount = range.", "Columns.", "Count;\n\n int rowCounter = 1;\n int colCounter = 1;\n\n while (rowCounter < rowCount)\n {\n colCounter = 1;\n while (colCounter <= colCount)\n {\n //Console.", "Write(range.", "Cells[rowCounter, colCounter].Value2.ToString() + \" \");\n testList.", "Add(range.", "Cells[rowCounter, colCounter].Value2.ToString());\n colCounter++;\n }\n Console.", "WriteLine();\n rowCounter++;\n\n }\n\n Console.", "ReadKey();\n excelApp.", "Workbooks.", "Close();\n\n }\n\nA:\n\n@TimWilliams' comment is the correct answer. ", "Reading a single cell takes as long as reading a range of any size. ", "This is the overhead of talking to the COM layer, and you are incurring it thousands of times. ", "You should write the range to an object[,], and then access that array cell by cell.", "\n int rowCount = range.", "Rows.", "Count;\n int colCount = range.", "Columns.", "Count;\n\n object[,] values= range.", "Value2;\n\n int rowCounter = 1;\n int colCounter = 1;\n\n while (rowCounter < rowCount)\n {\n colCounter = 1;\n while (colCounter <= colCount)\n {\n // check for null?", "\n testList.", "Add(values[rowCounter, colCounter].ToString());\n }\n }\n\nNote that the array will be one-based instead of zero-based like normal C# arrays. ", "The data will go from 1 to rowCount and from 1 to colCount, but Rows and Columns properties will return rowCount and colCount, not 1 + rowCount and 1 + colCount. ", "If you want to write data back, you can use a zero-based array of the right size (in fact you have to AFAIK since you can't create a one-based array) and it will work fine.", "\n\nA:\n\nSince you are loading data from the Open XML (*.xlsx) file format, I would suggest you use Open XML SDK. ", "It doesn't start Excel in the background which is always a good thing, in particular if you need to run your code non-interactively.", "\nI've also written a blog post on different methods of accessing data in Excel which you might find useful.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Bohemia, Wiltshire\n\nBohemia is a hamlet in Wiltshire, England, in the parish of Redlynch. ", "It lies about southeast of Redlynch and southeast of Salisbury.", "\n\nCategory:Hamlets in Wiltshire" ]

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[ "Pages\n\nMonday, December 03, 2012\n\n''JOSE MOURINHO WILL LEAVE REAL MADRID THIS SEASON'' - MARCA\n\nReal Madrid coach, Jose Mourinho will leave the La Liga champion at the end of the season according to a report in Spanish newspaper Marca.", "\n\nMourinho has come under fire from supporters this season following\nMadrid’s slow start to the domestic season and even came out early\nbefore his side faced Atletico Madrid to give them the chance to jeer\nhim. ", "Mourinho was booed by sections of the crowd in last Tuesday’s Copa del Rey defeat of Alcoyano, prompting the former Porto and Inter Milan boss to offer supporters the chance to vent their frustration by arranging to come to the side of the pitch 40 minutes before the game.", "\n\nThe reaction was mixed but with less than 5,000 fans inside the Bernabeu at the time, it offered little indication as to how the majority were feeling.", "\n\nit is now being speculated that Mourinho and Madrid president Florentino Perez have agreed his tenure at the club will come to an end next summer.", "\n\nUnder a picture of a broken heart, the Marca report claims: 'Jose Mourinho will not coach Real Madrid next season.", "\n\n'Both Mou and Florentino Perez believe the Portuguese’s cycle on the bench at the Bernabeu is exhausted and that the current situation cannot continue beyond June 30.'", "\n\nMarca, who are known to have strong links with Real, report Perez has become concerned by a number of incidents this season which have not cast the club in a good light. ", "Madrid are 11 points behind arch-rivals Barcelona and five points behind second-placed Atletico despite Saturday night’s 2-0 defeat of their near-neighbours.", "\n\nThe Portuguese boss could succeed Sir Alex Ferguson at Old Trafford after the Manchester United manager backed him for the role.", "\n\nFerguson is a fan of Mourinho and asked if he could replace him in the Old Trafford hot-seat, he told ITV4: 'He can manage anywhere, absolutely.", "\n\n'I’m not going to put any forecasts on what is going to happen at this club.", "\n\n'I won’t last forever, but Jose can manage anywhere, there is no question about that.", "'Mourinho joined Chelsea after leading Porto to a surprise Champions League triumph in 2004 and remained for three years.", "\n\nHe then joined Inter Milan and guided the Nerazzurri to back-to-back Serie A titles.", "\n\nIn addition to the Scudetto, Inter also landed the Coppa Italia and the Champions League in 2010 and in doing so became the first Italian side to win the treble.", "\n\nA move to Madrid ensued and after winning the Copa del Rey in his first season in charge he ended Barca’s stranglehold on the Primera Division crown last season." ]

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[ "Movie Review A- The Avengers Director Joss Whedon Runtime 143 minutes Rating PG Cast Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Samuel L. Jackson\n\n\nPeople never know when they’re living in a golden age, goes a commonplace bit of wisdom, but that can’t be true for fans of superhero movies. ", "Since 2000, when Bryan Singer debuted an X-Men film that stayed true to the themes and characters of the best X-Men comics while satisfying all the requirements of a big summer blockbuster, good-to-great superhero adaptations—and, yes, some truly lamentable ones—have arrived at a regular clip. ", "It’s not that worthy superhero films didn’t exist before then. ", "But even the most striking, like Richard Donner’s Superman and Tim Burton’s Batman films, either winked at or took outrageous liberties with the source material, or both. (", "To put things in perspective, X-Men arrived just three years after this.) ", "In recent years, Marvel Studios has gone one step further, trying to bring to the big screen not just the company’s superhero stories, but also the idea of a shared universe in which Iron Man, Thor, Captain America, and others could team up. ", "Built on the groundwork of The Incredible Hulk, Captain America, Thor, and two Iron Man films, The Avengers is the logical culmination of that work, adapting Marvel’s long-running, oft-changing team comic book, in which the company’s biggest heroes share space with colorful second-stringers as they save the world.", "\n\nSince making an Avengers movie requires lining up so many moving pieces in an orderly row, it’s something of an accomplishment that The Avengers even exists. ", "But beyond that logistical nightmare is the double agenda the film has to serve, advancing the stories of the individual characters as begun in previous films while telling a coherent, self-contained story. ", "Factor in another wave of Marvel movies and an inevitable sequel, and that agenda gets even more complicated. ", "All of which raises the question: Is there room for any movie within this Avengers movie?", "\n\n\nDecidedly, yes. ", "Written and directed by Buffy The Vampire Slayer creator Joss Whedon, The Avengers is big but graceful, carefully balancing small character moments with action scenes that stretch from the New York pavement to the sky and beyond. ", "The film finds drama in the reluctant cooperation of teammates yoked together by the threat of a common enemy, as well as in the terrifying shadows cast by giant space monsters as they descend from the heavens. ", "Tasked with meeting the many requirements necessary for any Avengers movie to work, Whedon checks off all the boxes, then sets about creating new expectations for what a big superhero movie ought to be.", "\n\nIn essence a getting-the-band-together story, The Avengers opens by establishing a threat big enough to warrant the attention of the heaviest hitters of the superhero world. ", "Still unhappy about falling into an abyss at the end of Thor, Loki (Tom Hiddleston) has conspired with a group of aliens to take over the world with some help from The Tesseract, the mysterious energy-producing cube that’s been bouncing around the last few Marvel films. ", "In the process of making his intentions clear, he destroys a S.H.I.E.L.D. base and takes over the minds of two of its key operatives: a scientific genius (Stellan Skarsgard, reprising his Thor role) and freakishly gifted archer Clint Barton (Jeremy Renner).", "\n\n\nUnderstandably upset, S.H.I.E.L.D. head Nick Fury (Samuel L. Jackson) sets about putting together a superteam, first bringing in the espionage expert Black Widow (Scarlett Johansson), then some less eager recruits: Captain America (Chris Evans), Iron Man (Robert Downey Jr.), and, eventually, super-scientist Bruce Banner (Mark Ruffalo)—who’s laying low in order to keep his monstrous alter-ego The Hulk in check—and Thor (Chris Hemsworth), who would like to save Earth, sure, but also has a personal grudge with Loki.", "\n\nRemarkably, given that sprawling cast of characters, everyone gets their due. ", "Whedon picks up the action where Iron Man 2, Thor, and Captain America left off, continuing to develop the stories of each of those films’ heroes. ", "Downey’s Tony Stark remains driven by ego and genius, always on the verge of overreaching, while Hemsworth continues to navigate between two worlds. ", "As a man out of time, unsure of how he fits into the modern world, or if he even wants to, Evans shoulders even more of the drama, becoming the heart of a film that’s filled with heroics, but also, if sometimes too fleetingly, concerned with the meaning of heroism.", "\n\n\nFitting right in: Ruffalo’s laidback Banner, a characterization with echoes of the easy-living California dude he played in The Kids Are All Right, Johansson’s haunted superspy, and Renner, whose steely intensity alone makes it easy to forget the unlikelihood of an archer, no matter how good, being able to hold his own among superhumans. ", "Not to mention major supporting roles played by Jackson, Cobie Smulders as Jackson’s chief lieutenant, and Clark Gregg, who steps into the spotlight after lurking in the shadows as a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent in previous Marvel films.", "\n\nYet compelling as each character is in his or her own right, the real pleasure comes from the unstable chemistry of putting them together. ", "While Downey and Ruffalo bond immediately and unnervingly over their shared love of science’s outer limits, others get along less immediately, and less well. ", "That’s partly because, as in the comics, they have no real business sharing space with one another. ", "Characters created to star in disparate adventure tales about espionage, science, warfare, monsters, and mythology don’t really belong in the same story. ", "And yet, also as in the comics, they exist in a larger-than-life universe in which their stories can be joined together in service of the clashes between good and evil that overwhelm them individually.", "\n\n\nThe Avengers makes the evil side of the equation seem suitably overwhelming. ", "In action scenes that include a long setpiece aboard S.H.I.E.L.D.’s airborne fortress and a Manhattan showdown that bounces from city streets to the tops of skyscrapers and back again (and features more shattered glass than a chandelier store run by Jerry Lewis), The Avengers throws at its heroes opponents who outnumber and outgun a team still learning the meaning of teamwork. ", "The film also gives the bad guys an insidious agenda. ", "The action looks impressive—even with the unnecessary addition of post-production 3D—but they’re made all the more chilling by early Hiddleston dialogue, delivered with Shakespearean intensity, about using humanity’s innate distrust of its own freedom as a tool for his own purposes.", "\n\nAlways skilled at mixing melees and metaphors, Whedon turns Hiddleston’s Norse trickster god into another in a line of Big Bads whose origins can be traced to the worst human impulses, and he’s made all the more effective by the glints of vulnerability and sympathy beneath the schemes and horns. ", "Some of Whedon’s other creative impulses get pushed aside by the scale on which he has to work. ", "Downey gets the lion’s share of the witty banter, and anyone expecting the self-awareness and zigzag plotting of the director’s other work might be disappointed by The Avengers’ heads-down forward charge. (", "Where The Cabin In The Woods offers a straight shot of Whedon, The Avengers adds a mixer and garnish to make it go down easy.) ", "But other recognizable Whedonisms arrive intact, including a distrust of authority that extends to the ostensible good guys and an unfailing ability to switch between effervescent lightness and wrenching emotion.", "\n\n\nIn other words, The Avengers delivers and then some. ", "Even the weakest of Marvel Studios’ films have felt like competent, well-polished pieces of product. ", "The Avengers is that, yes, but also a heartfelt, exciting, and thematically resonant piece of big-screen mythmaking likely to please superhero geeks and general audiences alike. ", "Though, just as Star Wars helped bring the dreams of science-fiction fans into the world at large in the ’70s, in the years since X-Men, the distinction between fans and general audiences has gotten thinner and thinner. ", "Maybe that’s what happens in a golden age.", "\n\nFor thoughts on, and a place to discuss, plot details not talked about in this review, visit The Avengers' Spoiler Space." ]

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[ "Stress fractures.", "\nPresident Clinton has lambasted \"special interests\" for opposing his health care reform proposal. ", "But interest groups are under enormous pressure, and many are badly splintered as Congress takes up the issue. ", "And you can't always judge what they want by what they say." ]

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[ "\"Mr. President.\" \"", "I need you, Tom, to hunt down Monroe and execute him.\" \"", "What makes you so sure you can trust me?\" \"", "Your wife, alive, for now.\" \"", "Miles, Rachel.\" \"", "You gotta know about these Patriots, right?\" \"", "I have been fighting like hell against them.\" \" ", "Your old man telling the truth?\" \" ", "On my mother's grave.\" \"", "Nanotech?\" \"", "It's OS.\" \"", "It's the code that we all wrote.\" \"", "And the fireflies, the healing, it's all part of it.\" \"", "We're here because it wants us here, and we're gonna stay until we figure out why.\" \"", "These guys are handing our asses to us.\" \"", "We need more men.\" \"", "I know someone who's got plenty, a warlord named Duncan Page.\" \" ", "I want to buy some of your guys.\" \" ", "Thirty diamonds a head.\" \"", "You want those men?\" \"", "We need those diamonds.\" \"", "I'll distract the guards while you guys make your move.\" \"", "Hey, you!\" \"", "Boss, over here!\" \"", "What the hell is this?\" \"", "Imagine my surprise when I found out that this whole time you were the Sebastian Monroe.\" \"", "Oh, is...\" \"This is your son?\" \"", "Huh.\" \"", "I see the resemblance.\" \"", "Sebastian Monroe?\" \"", "What the hell are you talking about, Gould?\" \"", "I guess the mighty have fallen pretty frickin' far, huh?\" \"", "I mean, stealing?\" \"", "From me?\" \"", "You wanted money, all you had to do was ask.\" \"", "I would've whored you out.\" \" ", "Okay, Gould, let me explain.\" \" ", "No, no, it's okay.\" \"", "You can make it up to me, General.\" \"", "You and him...\" \"You're gonna have a dogfight.\" \"", "Son of a...\" \"Gould, don't.\" \"", "Let's just...\" \"Let's talk about this.\" \"", "None of this sounds good.\" \"", "It's a fight to the death.\" \"", "Don't look at it as a bad thing.\" \"", "The winner gets to walk away.\" \"", "And I get a hell of a payday.\" \"", "Almost everybody wins.\" \"", "Now, you're gonna open this gate, and we're walking away.\" \"", "Don't get hysterical.\" \"", "They got you covered.\" \"", "You wouldn't make it two steps.\" \"", "Now let me go, or I shoot your son.\" \"", "Uno.\" \"", "Dos.\" \"", "You're fighting tomorrow.\" \"", "And you know me, I got a good eye.\" \"", "So if either one of you tries to throw it, or if it even smells like you're pulling your punches I'll shoot both of you on the spot.\" \"", "And the crowd will love it.\" \"", "How are we gonna get out of here?\" \"", "Well, you got any ideas?\" \"", "I'm all ears.\" \" ", "Charlie's still out there.\" \" ", "Right, yeah, mini-Miles.\" \"", "She's gonna come and save us?\" \"", "Let's just hold our breath.\" \"", "Well, if we can't get out of here we gotta get ready.\" \"", "We don't have much time.\" \"", "Ready for what?\" \"", "I gotta teach you how to kill me.\" \"", "Tom:\" \"I thought you said this was a field hospital.\" \"", "It was.\" \"", "Looks like they're renovating.\" \"", "Tom:\" \"Into what?\" \"", "Oh, probably something terrible.\" \"", "Aren't you glad you joined the team?\" \"", "Having a second thought or two.\" \"", "What do you think's in those barrels?\" \"", "Who's that guy?\" \"", "Giving orders.\" \"", "Ever seen him before?\" \"", "Torn!\" \"", "No.\" \"", "But if we want to find out what they're up to, he looks like a pretty good place to start.\" \"", "I say we pick him up, have ourselves a little chat.\" \" ", "What the hell you want?\" \" ", "I just came to talk to Duncan.\" \"", "Duncan:\" \"What's this?\" \"", "It's Monroe's bitch.\" \"", "I remember you.\" \"", "Where are my diamonds?\" \"", "There's been a little delay.\" \"", "Really?\" \"", "Where's Monroe?\" \"", "Yeah, that's the delay.\" \"", "Umm...\" \"Gould's got him.\" \"", "Gould?\" \"", "Yeah, well, where'd you think we were gonna get the diamonds from?\" \"", "Thought if you were dumb enough to rob Gould for 'em, you at least wouldn't be dumb enough to get caught.\" \"", "Look, just help me spring Monroe, and I'll get you your stones, okay?\" \"", "You made a real big mess for me, little girl.\" \"", "I'm not gonna go make it any worse.\" \"", "You and Monroe, you guys had something, right?\" \"", "If you don't help me he will die.\" \"", "I can't do this alone.\" \"", "Or...\" \"I have a better idea.\" \"", "Really?\" \"", "It is a curious question.\" \"", "What is Doyle doing way out here in the sticks?\" \"", "He's building a reeducation center.\" \"", "You want to know what's in those barrels?\" \"", "Nothing.\" \"", "Know what's going inside them?\" \"", "Cadets.\" \"", "When we were punished, that's where they'd put us.\" \"", "Seventeen, 18 hours at a stretch.\" \"", "You think we have much of a choice here?\" \"", "This is the guy that took Mom.\" \"", "Probably having her beaten every day or worse.\" \"", "Unclench yourself.\" \"", "Our job is to find Monroe and kill him, remember?\" \"", "This is not about you.\" \"", "It's about your mother.\" \"", "You trust the two of them?\" \"", "Still pulling the knife out of my back from the last time Tom put it there.\" \"", "Then why are we doing this?\" \"", "Because if there's even a chance they're on the level, it would be a good score for us.\" \"", "Listen, when we go grab this Patriot guy, you gotta stay behind, okay?\" \"", "And if Neville is up to something, and you're out there alone with him?\" \"", "Then I will have to move fast and violent, and that's gonna be a lot easier to do if you're not around.\" \"", "What if he puts a gun to your head?\" \"", "Takes you hostage?\" \"", "You need to stop worrying about me.\" \"", "Deal.\" \"", "But you're still not going.\" \"", "Jeez!\" \"", "Save us.\" \"", "No, not again.\" \" ", "Save us.\" \" ", "What does that even...\" \"You know, I'm so sick of your misterioso crap.\" \"", "You drag me and Priscilla here, you get us locked up for what?\" \"", "Save us.\" \"", "We're dying.\" \"", "You're dying?\" \" ", "Priscilla:\" \"Aaron?\" \" ", "What?\" \" ", "Did you see something?\" \" ", "My father.\" \"", "He said, \"Save us.\"\" \"", "What does that mean?\" \"", "Don't look at my sword, look at my shoulder.\" \"", "Don't stand so square.\" \"", "Go.\" \"", "You gotta do better than that.\" \"", "Get up.\" \"", "All right, look, come here.\" \"", "This is something no one knows, not even Miles, all right?\" \"", "But right here...\" \"I got a blind spot right here.\" \"", "No peripheral vision in my left eye.\" \"", "I got too close to a grenade.\" \"", "That's why I always push my opponents to the right.\" \"", "Okay?\" \"", "To the right.\" \"", "So you're gonna come at me this time from the left.\" \"", "Go again.\" \"", "I said go again!\" \"", "This is insane.\" \"", "We should just make a run at the guards.\" \"", "Wow, run at the guards or something?\" \"", "How did you think of such a brilliant strategy, huh?\" \"", "Even if we could get through this fence, which we can't, or over this wire, which we can't, we got six douche bags with rifles ready to kill us.\" \"", "Isn't that right, huh?\" \"", "Think.\" \"", "The only way you're gonna get out of here is to take me down, for real.\" \"", "No pulled punches.\" \"", "Gould's gonna know.\" \"", "Screw Gould!\" \"", "I'm not gonna kill you so that he can get his rocks off.\" \" ", "Then you're gonna die.\" \" ", "Better to die on my feet than bend over for some psycho!\" \"", "No!\" \"", "Listen to me!\" \"", "You should want to, you know.\" \"", "You should want to kill me.\" \"", "And why is that?\" \"", "Because I got your mom killed.\" \"", "Excuse me?\" \"", "I dragged her right out into gunfire.\" \"", "She got shot.\" \"", "She bled out.\" \"", "And she died in my arms.\" \"", "You're lying.\" \"", "That's the truth.\" \"", "So how do you feel about your old man now?\" \"", "Well, it's short on cover, but it'll do.\" \"", "He rolls by, we'll hit him from here and over there.\" \"", "Jason will flank the rest.\" \" ", "Yeah, that'll work.\" \" ", "Got to admit, quite a team.\" \"", "Uhh... no, I don't.\" \"", "I never liked you, Torn.\" \"", "I'm sure the feeling's mutual.\" \"", "But Julia dying, I'm sure that...\" \"That couldn't have been easy for you.\" \"", "I won't lie to you.\" \"", "There's nothing I wouldn't do to see her face again.\" \"", "I scouted a better spot.\" \"", "It's 100 yards up.\" \"", "More coverage.\" \"", "It's a better vantage.\" \"", "Attaboy, nipples.\" \"", "Let's go check it out.\" \"", "Oh, and by the way,\" \"I'm glad you finally got together with your sister-in-law, sicko.\" \"", "Thanksgiving get weird?\" \"", "God, you're a dick.\" \"", "Did you see it?\" \"", "Give me a minute, guys.\" \"", "So... \"Save us.\" ", "What do you think it means?\" \"", "Oh, so we're all just pals again?\" \"", "Look, I am sorry, okay?\" \"", "I had to keep you here.\" \"", "It wanted you here.\" \"", "Now we know why.\" \"", "It's the code.\" \"", "There's something wrong with the code.\" \"", "We may have made a mistake with the code we wrote.\" \"", "One of the recursive algorithms, maybe.\" \" ", "Aaron.\" \" ", "It's Peter.\" \"", "You don't think he's figured it out?\" \"", "If we did, the problem will replicate, like a cancer, and it may take years, but eventually, the nano will corrupt and die.\" \"", "We are so blessed.\" \"", "How's that?\" \"", "Everything that's happened to us, for months...\" \"It's all led us to this moment, so that we could fix it.\" \"", "Save it.\" \"", "How exactly do you propose we do that?\" \"", "There aren't a lot of computers around, last time I looked.\" \"", "You have to have faith, Aaron.\" \"", "And if we say no?\" \" ", "What?\" \" ", "If we refuse to help?\" \"", "You don't have a choice.\" \"", "That's why we're here.\" \"", "You can't fight fate.\" \"", "It's a machine, Pete.\" \"", "It's not God.\" \"", "It is better than God.\" \"", "The nano, it's alive.\" \"", "It answers our prayers.\" \"", "It heals.\" \"", "This is a new age.\" \"", "This is a new God.\" \"", "You're insane.\" \"", "And I won't help.\" \"", "This thing is too powerful, and I want it to die.\" \"", "Look, you're my friends.\" \"", "Please don't make me do anything I don't want to do.\" \"", "Don't be stupid.\" \"", "You need your energy.\" \"", "Look, I'm sorry about your mom.\" \"", "For what it's worth I loved her.\" \"", "It's not worth much.\" \"", "I agree with you.\" \"", "To tell you the truth, it's not just her.\" \"", "I've hurt a lot of people.\" \"", "I have clawed, killed my way to the front of the pack, and when I got there, it didn't mean a damn thing 'cause I was alone.\" \"", "What was the point?\" \"", "That's why I need you to make it out of here.\" \"", "I need you to get the Republic back, because then all the terrible things that I've done they'll mean something, you know?\" \"", "Something bigger than me.\" \"", "That's worth dying over, for sure.\" \"", "I'm begging you to do this.\" \"", "Just do me a favor.\" \"", "Find yourself a girl...\" \"not Charlie have kids.\" \"", "Don't be alone.\" \"", "Duncan:\" \"He told me he was gonna get me 1,000 diamonds.\" \"", "I didn't know he was gonna steal those from you.\" \"", "Well, I appreciate you letting me know.\" \"", "And this is a token.\" \"", "Show you I'm on the level.\" \"", "The thief that got away.\" \"", "I've been looking high and low for you.\" \"", "We're square now, Gould.\" \"", "Not gonna go picking any fights with you, don't go picking any fights with me.\" \"", "Of course.\" \"", "No hard feelings.\" \"", "Oh, there's a...\" \"There's a dogfight tonight, with Monroe and his kid.\" \"", "Three-to-one odds.\" \"", "You want in?\" \"", "Sounds great.\" \"", "I'll save you a seat.\" \"", "We are gonna get a lot of use out of you.\" \"", "So much for that rescue.\" \"", "Tonight at the fight, get close to Duncan and take the bitch out.\" \" ", "Man:\" \"Yes, sir.\" \" ", "Gould:\" \"Please.\" \"", "Duncan didn't know about the heist?\" \"", "Only 'cause it went to hell.\" \"", "Clean yourself off.\" \"", "Get dressed.\" \"", "You can't tell me you are actually thinking of helping.\" \"", "Look, I'm with you.\" \"", "This thing isn't God, Peter is nuts, but he is also right.\" \" ", "There's barely a difference.\" \" ", "Aaron!\" \"", "Forget what he's going to do, think about what it can do.\" \"", "The nano is listening.\" \"", "It's watching us.\" \"", "Which is why we should let it die.\" \"", "I am not afraid of it!\" \"", "No one is gonna threaten me.\" \" ", "I get to make my own choices.\" \" ", "Make your own choices?\" \"", "You haven't made your own choice in months.\" \"", "The minute this thing started, you followed its plan to the letter, like it or not.\" \"", "All we gotta do is nothing.\" \"", "We don't fix the code, and it just dies.\" \"", "On its own.\" \"", "I turned my back on this thing before.\" \"", "I pushed it away and Cynthia died.\" \"", "And now, with you here?\" \"", "It's like a nightmare all over again, and I don't want to lose someone else.\" \"", "I don't want to lose you, okay?\" \"", "Please?\" \"", "You have to help me do this.\" \"", "I'm not sure I can.\" \"", "I'm not sure you have a choice.\" \"", "Ladies and gentlemen!\" \"", "We have brought you some of the most thrilling death matches!\" \"", "Who could forget Timberlake versus Fatone or the Baldwin family Battle Royale?\" \"", "Now, feast your eyes on the most ferocious free-for-all yet.\" \"", "That's right.\" \"", "The Terror of Toledo, the Scourge of Scranton,\" \"General Sebastian Monroe himself in a fight to the death against his own son!\" \"", "Pull out your family jewels and place your bets!\" \"", "That's right, place your bets!\" \"", "Reach into your pocket, five diamonds!\" \"", "You, sir, five diamonds!\" \"", "Who will win, the father or the son?\" \"", "Hey there, girl.\" \"", "How you doing this evening?\" \"", "I'm closed for business.\" \"", "Sorry, sweetheart.\" \"", "I paid top dollar to get the first crack at you.\" \"", "It won't be for nothing.\" \"", "People are gonna remember your name.\" \"", "I'll make sure of it.\" \"", "I just saved your life, bitch.\" \"", "You owe me.\" \"", "Come on, finish it!\" \" ", "Woman:\" \"Finish it!\" \" ", "Man:\" \"Do it!\" \"", "Stand back!\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "Hey, Gould.\" \"", "Go, go, go, go!\" \"", "You asked to see me?\" \"", "We talked.\" \"", "We'll help you.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \" ", "And bless you.\" \" ", "Where do we even start?\" \"", "This is a couple thousand lines of code we wrote 25 years ago.\" \"", "That's not possible.\" \"", "It's the code.\" \"", "Let's get to work.\" \"", "All right, any minute now.\" \"", "And remember, I want Matheson alive.\" \"", "Don't move.\" \"", "Just let it roll right on by.\" \" ", "Miles, what...\" \" Shh.\" \"", "You working for them?\" \" ", "You're paranoid.\" \" ", "Am I?\" \"", "That wagon was weighted down.\" \"", "I'd say there was about five, maybe six other men in there.\" \"", "Waiting for us.\" \"", "The kid tip 'em off?\" \"", "Jason:\" \"Drop it, Miles.\" \"", "I'm sorry it has to be like this.\" \"", "Unbelievable.\" \"", "I mean, your dad's a soulless piece of crap, fine.\" \"", "But you?\" \"", "You're working for these guys?\" \"", "You have any idea who they are?\" \"", "What they've done?\" \"", "Believe me, I know exactly what they've done.\" \"", "Drop it.\" \"", "Now, this is just getting silly.\" \"", "You know, in Mexico, they just call this a standoff.\" \"", "Has she been following us the whole time?\" \"", "Tried to talk her out of it, but once she gets an idea in her head...\" \"Just a typical night out for us, anyway.\" \"", "Now, you want to tell me what the hell's going on?\" \"", "It's Julia.\" \"", "She's alive.\" \"", "The Patriots have her, and they will kill her unless I bring them Monroe.\" \"", "All I need is Monroe.\" \"", "You hand him over, and I will come back, and we will paint the town red with Patriot blood.\" \"", "But right now, I need to save my wife.\" \"", "Can't do it, Tom.\" \"", "Monroe's with us now.\" \"", "You're not serious.\" \"", "You gotta back the play of the guy on your team.\" \"", "Something you never learned.\" \"", "Oh, please.\" \"", "After all Monroe has done?\" \"", "Are you that blinded by your man-love for that son of a bitch?\" \"", "And you.\" \"", "He murdered your son.\" \"", "He should be the person you hate the most in this world, and you're protecting him?\" \"", "We both know you'll never be able to trust a guy like that.\" \"", "I hear Charlie had to twist your arm to help me.\" \" ", "What did you expect?\" \" ", "I don't know.\" \"", "Maybe you'd just come on your own.\" \"", "Don't flatter yourself.\" \"", "You're not half as good a lay as you think.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "What's...\" \" What's all this?\" \" ", "Well, the kid saved my life.\" \"", "A debt is a debt.\" \"", "Take these guys and go kill your Patriots.\" \"", "Five?\" \"", "We could use three times this many.\" \"", "I think the words \"thank you\" are what you're looking for.\" \"", "All right.\" \"", "Let's go, boys.\" \"", "They don't take orders from you.\" \"", "They take orders from her.\" \"", "She's the one I owe.\" \"", "You're not bad, kid.\" \"", "You're way better than he deserves.\" \"", "Well, congratulations, you're the new lead singer of the Village People.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "Come on, then.\" \"", "Wait, hold on.\" \" ", "There.\" \" ", "What?\" \"", "There's a memory leak here.\" \"", "This chunk of code, that's the problem.\" \"", "It's eating up all the available resources.\" \"", "It'll force a segmentation fault.\" \"", "The whole system will crash.\" \"", "Are you sure?\" \"", "He's right.\" \"", "You always were the smart one.\" \"", "Can you fix it?\" \"", "Yeah, I think so.\" \"", "For the last time, don't.\" \"", "We don't have a choice.\" \"", "It'll just take a few minutes.\" \"", "Okay, yeah.\" \"", "Great.\" \"", "Great!\" \" ", "Can I help?\" \" ", "No, I got this.\" \"", "Cynthia:\" \"Aaron, what are you doing?\" \"", "Aaron, what's going on?\" \"", "You're trying to kill us, Aaron.\" \"", "Why?\" \" ", "You created us.\" \" ", "Aaron!\" \"", "Priscilla:\" \"Aaron!\" \"", "Aaron...\" \"You're our creator.\" \"", "Please don't kill us.\" \"", "You're giving it a virus?\" \"", "Was that your plan all along?\" \"", "Screw fate.\" \"", "We make our own choices, right?\" \"", "Please.\" \"", "No.\" \"", "♪ ♪\" \"Good morning from New York.\" \"", "I'm Chris Hayes.\" \"", "It's March 5, 2014.\" \"", "Before we get started, and we have a jam-packed show for you this hour...\"" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nThe Lowdown on Image Quality on DSLRs\n\nI have seen sites that use measure DSLR performances with Image QUality (in numbers). ", "So I was thinking, given a D800 and a D7000, with the same lens, the same lighting condition and many other external factors, will it always be the case that the D800 will produce better images than the D7000? ", "Or maybe even given a DX lens mounted on a D7000 with the FX lens equivalent mounted on the D800.", "\nSIDE QUESTION: Will it always be the case that FX sensor cameras will always produce better images than DX sensors ones?", "\n\nA:\n\n\"Better\" must be rigorously defined.", "\n And then it can be rigorously argued :-)\nFor camera comparisons it is usual to make lens variations and effects as small as possible so that you are actually comparing the cameras. ", "There will be some cases where a lens performs so terribly on an FX sensor and so well on a DX sensor that the D7000 will win BUT that is not the sort of lens that you will usually see in a test. ", "Also, it is not usually the sort of lens a D800 user would probably care about when attempting to take good photos. ", "And it is notionally possible that the best equivalent DX lens to a FF lens gives a better DX result - but this would usually be rare, as the FF cameras are the flagship models on which camera makers aim to produce superior camera + lens results. ", "\nOne means by which you might \"win\" with the DX camera, which meets you criteria, is to use the same lens in each case under ideal conditions and to adjust subject distance etc to produce visibly identical images. ", "In this case the DX camera is using the centre portion of the lens while the DX camera uses the whole lens. ", " The effect on the actual image of factors such as dynamic range and given ISO signal to noise ratio are minimised by being able to use optimum lighting levels. ", " Under such conditions the improved quality usually achieved by using the lens centre may well offset the DX sensors overall performance. ", " [Example: I have an APSC Sony A77 with a 24 megapixel sensor and a DX Nikon D700 with a 12 megapixel sensor. ", "In studio conditions with \"good\" lenses, for practical purposes the Sony would usually win. ", "Take them to the circus and photograph a trapeze artist at work and the D700 would be utterly superior.] ", "\nThree measures of \"better\" which can be numerically expressed are \n\nThe ISO setting at which a camera can achieve a specified signal to noise ratio \nThe dynamic range achievable (in bits) \nColour depth (also in bits) \n\neach under specified conditions. ", "\nFigures for most DSLRs and large format cameras are available from\nthe \"DxOMark Sensor\" sensor comparison site.. \nThe above link takes you to the ISO evaluation table - which is where my book mark is set, as high-ISO noise performance is what I most care about when looking at new results, but the other tabs cover color-depth, dynamic range and overall result.", "\nThe D7000 has an 1167 ISO rating and the D800 has a 2853 rating. ", "The difference of 2853/1167 = 2.44, which is 1.27 stops - making the D7000 an extremely good APSC performer.", "\n[Stops = log_base2(ISO ratio) = log_base10(ISO ratio) / log_base10(2) ] \nI personally find these evaluations suspect as the reality seems to be slightly different in most cases than the table suggests. ", "They compare sensors with different numbers of pixels by scaling the sensor noise readings DOWN by a factor of square root(megapixels high/ 12). ", "ie they use 12 megapixels as their standard sensor size and reduce the noise measured with large megapixel sensors to scale the results. ", "This is equivalent to downsizing the large images with an algorithm that improves the signal to noise ratio by sqrt(mp/12).", "\nMy suspicion - based on both overall image appearance and on extensive pixel peeping - is that this is too generous to noisy high mp count sensors, i.e. when you scale your 36 mP D800 image down to their reference 12 mp size I suspect that it does not get sqrt(36/12) = 1.7 times less noisy as they deem. ", "\nSo if I am correct (which is moot) the D7000 may be closer noise wise to the D800 than this chart suggests.", "\nDxO weight their 3 scores to provide an overall rating. ", "Some \"overall\" results are \n\nD800 = 95 \nD4 = 89\nD3s = 82 !!", "\nD3200 = 81 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!", "\n5D MkIII = 81 \nD7000 = 80\nD700 = 80 \n\nI recently bought a D700.", "\n I would not have considered buying a D3200.", "\n That may say more about me than about the cameras :-).", "\nI rather feel DxO's weightings may need looking at, but their overall rating is at least one available measure of \"better\" on which discussion can be based.", "\n On this basis the D800 stands very clearly ahead of the pack.", "\n But, the D7000 is still a very good camera.", "\n\nA:\n\nHow do you evaluate a \"better\" image? ", "One example: all other things being equal, a crop sensor will give you a greater depth of field than a full-frame sensor, which means more things will be in sharper focus - in some circumstances, this may be considered a \"better\" image than one with less sharp focus. ", "In other circumstances, you may want a shallower depth of field in which case the full-frame sensor will give a \"better\" image.", "\nIn most circumstances, you can probably stop down the lens on the full-frame camera to increase the depth of field and then increase the ISO to compensate, while maintaining the same signal to noise ratio in the image due to the better high ISO performance of the full frame sensor, but that requires some knowledge from the camera operator (or maybe just the camera itself).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "SALES & MARKETING\n\nSolutions. ", "Value. ", "Trust. ", "Those are words that echo throughout MBF’s operations. ", "The agribusiness focuses its energy on building customer trust by offering proactive solutions for its customers around the nation through crop protection, bio-pesticides, insecticides, composts and soil conditioners.", "\n\n“Our approach is to work with our end-user customers, which for the most part are farmers. ", "We try to bring them a full ‘solution’ offer that is an integrated package of products and services. ", "By integrating the components into a solution we can take a much bigger view of the customer’s business and it has enabled us to create a lot of value for them in terms of higher yields and crop quality. ", "This approach is generally very high touch, which means that we work closely with our channel partners to help bring these offers to the grower.”", "\n\nThe company’s goal is to change the grower mind-set from short-term to long-term thinking. “", "For the customer, it’s a simple formula,” says Nilesh Thakkar managing director of MBF.", "\n\nStrong marketing infrastructure & great sales distribution network are greatest strengths of MBF. ", "We have loyal and long standing dealers & distributors all over India, serving farmers with our wide range of products & services.", "\n\nThe distribution network has it’s grip in rural as well as urban market of agri- input across India. ", "Currently, MBF marketing infrastructure have occupied total 60% of Indian land & aim in 80% coverage by 2018. ", "We have in total 14 stock points and more than 1,15,000 retail outlets. ", "We have a dedicated team of 245 including the Regional officers, Sales Executive, Area sales officers, field assistant. ", "Along with, a team of crop advisors and technical expert is continuously busy in serving dealers, distributors and farmers by educating & guiding them.", "\n\nAt MBF, we are continuously investing in our people, products, production capacities, registrations, business relationship to step towards international business too." ]

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[ "Pages top\n\nSocial Icons\n\nFriendsgiving: eat, drink and be merry\n\nIt is no hidden truth that I love hosting, feeding people, taking in people when they need a place and pies. ", "And I can tell you exactly where those loves come from, none other than my maternal role models: my mom and my grandmas.", "\n\nThis past weekend was my almost favourite event of the year, friendsgiving weekend that actually did turn into a whole weekend event. ", "I'm not sure I would do it that way again but it was nice to spread things out and have the ability to have a good chat with the people who came on the less busy day. ", "It's tough to find time to fit everything in, so opening up two days was my way of accommodating it.", "\n\nWhat we ate:\n\nBack in the day, my ma would host a come and go event in the fall and would bake a billion pies- so the food inspiration came from her....I made saskatoon, apple, pumpkin, chocolate pumpkin, banana cream and lemon meringue pies. ", "The most popular was lemon meringue and the apple.", "\n\nI was going to make a big pot of chili but decided I suck at chili and went with one of my mom's best dishes: spaghetti. ", "It was easy to make a giant pot and for Sunday when it had dried out a bit- all I had to do was add some frozen (premade) tomato sauce and voilà it was back to life. ", "I was also feeling energetic on Sunday morning and made some buns so they could make sandwiches if they didn't want spaghetti. ", "They were all gone by the end of the day, so definitely would do that again.", "\n\nWhat we drank:\n\nOne downer of having this during the day, with the kids, out in the county is that day drinking isn't a popular sport, so I didn't have any fun cocktails to serve. ", "I did put on some apple cider with mulled spices and if anything, it made the house smell delicious.", "\n\nWhat we did:\n\nChatted, visited, caught up. ", "I did quick photo shoots in the corner for my friends' cmas cards. ", "I have been taking my friends' cmas cards photos for many years, so this actually makes it easier to do. ", "I had a moment of ambition where I thought I'd have organized stuff for all the kids, but they kept themselves quite busy in the basement with lego, the switch or outside on the trampoline.", "\n\nThoughts for 2017:\n\nEventually my goal will be to put out one long banquet table and host a sit down meal, but I think right now with the kids being a little young- it will be too loco for that. ", "So for a couple more years this come and go thing is going to work. ", "I think that once we move into the new house, I'll host the epic Friendsgiving that I'm envisioning.", "\n\nWhat I love about this event is that it's my time that I get to do something for my people. ", "These are the families that we've known for ages and who have been by our side in all the ups and downs. ", "It is so hard to find time in our busy worlds to take a break and it brings me so much joy to be able to bring all the people I love under one roof and break bread with them. ", "There's something sacred and special about that.", "\n\nHere are a few of my favourite pictures that I did for them. ", "Seriously, so many cute kids.", "\n\nYou can read last year's Friendsgiving post here- and I gotta say, this is just year two doing it and last year I had two nights planned with my different groups of friends...this year it was two days but with all my friends...what will next year bring?" ]

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[ "Cassiope lycopodioides\n\nCassiope lycopodioides, Haida Gwaii mountain-heather or clubmoss mountain heather, is a plant species native to southern Alaska, British Columbia, and the US State of Washington. ", "It is found on rocky slopes in arctic and alpine tundra at elevations up to 2000 m. In Washington, it is reported only from King County. ", "The specific epithet \"lycopodioides\" refers to the plant's superficial resemblance to some species of clubmoss (Lycopodium sensu lato).", "\n\nCassiope lycopodioides subsp. ", "cristapilosa, known only from the Haida Gwaii (formerly called the Queen Charlotte Islands), is recognized as a distinct taxon by some authorities but not others.", "\n\nCassiope lycopodioides is a perennial herb forming mats lying close to the ground. ", "Leaves are narrow, up to 3 mm long, closely pressed against the stem. ", "Flowers are white, bell-shaped, up to 20 mm across.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Ericaceae\nCategory:Flora of Alaska\nCategory:Flora of British Columbia\nCategory:Flora of Washington (state)\nCategory:Haida Gwaii" ]

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[ "(CNN) Flight simulations recreating the problems suspected to be responsible for the crash of a Boeing 737 Max 8 plane last year gave pilots under 40 seconds to override a malfunctioning system, according to a report in the New York Times.", "\n\nLion Air Flight 610 crashed off the coast of Indonesia last October, killing 189 people. ", "Indonesian officials believe the failure of a sensor may have triggered an automated software system designed to prevent the plane from stalling. ", "However, the system may have brought the plane down as pilots struggled to override it.", "\n\nDuring the recent tests, the simulator pilots found they had mere seconds to shut down the system and prevent the plane going into a nosedive, the Times said, citing two unnamed people involved in the tests.", "\n\nThe system, known as MCAS, \"as originally designed and explained, left little room for error,\" according to the report. \"", "Those involved in the testing hadn't fully understood just how powerful the system was until they flew the plane on a 737 Max simulator,\" the Times reported.", "\n\nAt least some of the tests described by the Times took place over the weekend, the paper reported.", "\n\nRead More" ]

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[ "// Package oss implements the Aliyun OSS Storage driver backend. ", "Support can be\n// enabled by including the \"include_oss\" build tag.", "\npackage oss\n" ]

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[ "Next Generation Scientists\n\nNew Phytologist next generation scientists meetings are fully-funded events with the unique aim to provide the next generation of plant scientists a chance to share their work with their peers and outstanding international scientists in a stimulating, supportive and exciting environment. ", "The first meeting took place in July 2014 at the John Innes Centre in Norwich, UK, followed by a second in 2017. ", "The next meeting will take place at University College Dublin, Ireland, in 2019.", "\n\nThese meetings are funded by both the New Phytologist Trust and Wiley." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nDevise not saving names\n\nI've read through the other threads on this, but I still can't figure it out.", "\nTwo models, users and chefs.", "\nWhen I register for chefs it does not save their first_name. ", " Below is code.", "\n--Application_Controller\nclass ApplicationController < ActionController::Base\n # Prevent CSRF attacks by raising an exception.", "\n # For APIs, you may want to use :null_session instead.", "\n protect_from_forgery with: :exception\n\n before_filter :configure_permitted_parameters, if: :devise_controller?", "\n\n protected\n\n def configure_permitted_parameters\n devise_parameter_sanitizer.for(:sign_in) { |u| u.permit(:first_name, :email) }\n end\n\nend\n\n-new chef form\n<%= form_for(@chef) do |f| %>\n\n <%= f.label :first_name %>\n <%= f.text_field :first_name %>\n\n <%= f.label :last_name %>\n <%= f.text_field :last_name %>\n\n <%= f.label :email %>\n <%= f.text_field :email %>\n\n <%= f.label :password %>\n <%= f.password_field :password %>\n\n <%= f.label :password_confirmation, \"Confirmation\" %>\n <%= f.password_field :password_confirmation %>\n\n <%= f.file_field :photo%>\n<% end %>\n\n--chef_controller\nclass ChefsController < ApplicationController\n before_action :set_chef, only: [:show, :edit]\n\n # GET /chefs\n def index\n @chefs = Chef.all\n end\n\n # GET /chefs/1\n def show\n\n end\n\n # GET /chefs/new\n def new\n @chef = Chef.new\n end\n\n # GET /chefs/1/edit\n def edit\n end\n\n # POST /chefs\n def create\n @chef = Chef.new(chef_params)\n\n if @chef.save\n redirect_to @chef, notice: 'Chef was successfully created.'", "\n else\n render action: 'new'\n end\n end\n\n # PATCH/PUT /chefs/1\n def update\n if @chef.update(chef_params)\n redirect_to @chef, notice: 'Chef was successfully updated.'", "\n else\n render action: 'edit'\n end\n end\n\n # DELETE /chefs/1\n def destroy\n @chef.destroy\n redirect_to chefs_url, notice: 'Chef was successfully destroyed.'", "\n end\n\n private\n # Use callbacks to share common setup or constraints between actions.", "\n def set_chef\n @chef = Chef.find(params[:id])\n end\n\n # Only allow a trusted parameter \"white list\" through.", "\n def chef_params\n params[:chef]\n end\nend\n\nA:\n\nIf you look at your question it says\nWhen I register for chefs it does not save their first_name.", "\nSo the issue is coming when you are creating a new chef and hence in your case when a chef sign up so you need to permit extra attributes for sign up and not for sign in.", "\nTry:\ndef configure_permitted_parameters\n devise_parameter_sanitizer.for(:sign_up) { |u| u.permit(:first_name, :last_name, :email) }\nend\n\n" ]

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[ "Speed of change in pancreatic mass and in intestinal bacteriology of parenterally fed rats.", "\n1. ", "Indices of pancreatic mass and bacterial counts for jejunal and ileal mucosa were studied in rats after 3, 6, 10 and 15 days of total parenteral nutrition and compared with the results from orally fed and sham intravenously fed control rats. ", "2. ", "Pancreatic wet weight corrected for body weight decreased significantly by 31--42% after 3, 6, 10 and 15 days of total parenteral nutrition. ", "The most striking decrease occurred within 3 days. ", "Other indices of pancreatic mass (protein and DNA) showed a similar pattern suggesting pancreatic hypoplasia. ", "There was more DNA per g of pancreas, indicating that unless there were changes in tissue water cellular hypotrophy must have accompanied the hypoplasia. ", "3. ", "Pancreatic RNA also decreased significantly after 3--10 days of total parenteral nutrition, suggesting reduced protein synthesis. ", "4. ", "Bacterial counts (log number) whether expressed as number/unit length of intestine or number/g wet weight of mucosa were decreased for anaerobic bacteria in the jejunum after 3--15 days of total parenteral nutrition. ", "In the ileum both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria increased after 6 days of parenteral nutrition and then decreased significantly. ", "5. ", "The changes in bacterial flora are unlikely to account for the adaptive hypoplasia seen in the intestine of intravenously fed rats." ]

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[ "Your Old Time Radio Download ''roberta goodwin bob bailey '' will be started in 10 seconds ... Click here if you download does not started..." ]

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[ "India test-launches nuclear-capable long-range missile\n\nNEW DELHI – The defense ministry says India has successfully test-fired a long-range nuclear-capable missile from an island in the Bay of Bengal.", "\n\nIt said Thursday's test, the fifth of an Agni-5 intercontinental ballistic missile, was made from a mobile launcher, and \"further strengthens our credible deterrence.\" ", "India has been developing its nuclear and missile systems in recent years mid increasing strategic competition with China.", "\n\nTension flared last year between the two neighbors over a disputed section of their border high in the Himalayas." ]

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[ "Top 3 Grunge Bands You May Not Have Heard Of\n\nWhen you think of grunge music, there are some bands that come to mind straight away, such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam and Soundgarden.", "\n\nBut, as popular and genre-defining as they were, there are other bands that helped pioneer the way for the Seattle/grunge sound. ", "Some of whom even influenced the aforementioned names. ", "Without these names, who knows what Nirvana or Soundgarden would have ended-up sounding like...\n\nThe U-Men\n\nThe band formed in 1981 and consisted of John Bigley on vocals, Tom Prince on guitar, Robin Buchan - bass and Charlie Ryan - drums. ", "They all hailed from the Seattle area, however, when the band were forming Robin was living in Alaska. ", "She had been in contact with Tom via letters and eventually joined him and the band back in Seattle. ", "Her time in the band was short-lived after she and Tom split a year later. ", "She was replaced by Jim Tillman.", "\n\nTheir style of music was loud, dirty and almost 'thrash'-like.", "\n\nPerhaps the band's most iconic moment came when they played at Bumbershoot Festival in 1985 - set in the day and open to all ages. ", "During the set, the band filled a moat that was situated in front of the stage, with lighter fluid and set it on fire with a flaming broom. ", "The small patch of water went up in flames so high and so quickly that it caused a mass panic from the audience and a riot broke-out - causing the band to pack up and leave the venue sharpish. ", "They were banned from playing there again.", "\n\nThe Melvins\n\nThe band that heavily influenced Nirvana - The Melvins are perhaps more heavy metal than grunge, but considering that they came from Seattle and were a big influence on the genre, it's wrong not to mention them. ", "Their name came from the lead singer's (Buzz Osbourne) manager at a local thrift store.", "\n\nKurt Cobain even jammed with them and by default became a roadie for them. ", "Nirvana bassist, Krist Novoselic even jammed and rehearsed with them too.", "\n\nThey have had a number of band members, but the two constant ones are Buzz Osbourne and Dale Crover. ", "They released their first EP in 1986, and their first album in '87, with Gluey Porch Treatments. ", "They are still touring today.", "\n\nGreen River\n\nThis grunge band is perhaps the least commercially well-known out of the three, but some of the members of Green River went on to become world-renowned stars in bands, such as Pearl Jam and Mudhoney.", "\n\nThe band was formed in 1984 by Mark Arm and Steve Turner decided to create a new band after playing in Mr Epp. ", "They came up with the name after the Green River Killer, a well-known serial killer within that region at the time.", "\n\nThey are considered to be one of the first grunge bands, along with The U-Men, but they only lasted for 4 years. ", "However, they did reform in 2008-2009 for a number of live performances. ", "In 1988 they released Rehab Doll on Sub Pop Records and in 2016, released a 1984 demo album.", "\n\nWhat do you think?", "\n\nAre they are any other grunge bands that you wanted to see on this list?" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "5W Public Relations Named PR Agency of Record for Excel Corp -- NEW YORK, June 28, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --\n\n5W Public Relations Named PR Agency of Record for Excel Corp\n\nNEW YORK, June 28, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- 5W Public Relations, one of the 25 largest independent US PR Firms, is proud to announce the return of Excel Corp (OTC Bulletin Board: EXCC) to its roster of corporate clients. ", "5WPR will execute a comprehensive public relations program tailored to effectively promote Excel Corp to targeted influential media. ", "Key factors will include media relations, speaker engagement, messaging, web strategies and more.", "\n\nExcel Corp is a publicly traded licensing, merchandising, and distribution company, headed by founder and Chairman, Ruben \"Ruby\" Azrak. ", "As a branding corporation, it specializes on bringing national and international brands to the retail marketplace with a remarkable record of success.", "\n\nAzrak, a seasoned branding specialist, has seen Excel through an impressive 30 years of licensing experience, which has led to the establishment of retail programs that have generated sales of over one billion cumulative. ", "Excel Corp has distinguished itself by utilizing licensing opportunities including the representation of brands, trademarks, designers, events, personalities and sports of high standing in the industry.", "\n\n\"5WPR is excited to work with Excel Corp. We look forward to helping to shape the Excel brand and the many initiatives they have planned,\" said Ronn Torossian, Founder & CEO of 5WPR.", "\n\nRuben \"Ruby\" Azrak, Founder of Excel Corp said \"The decision to work with 5WPR is an easy one.\"", "\n\nABOUT 5W PUBLIC RELATIONS\n\n5W Public Relations (www.5wpr.com) is a full-service public relations firm known for implementing cutting-edge, customized media programs designed to impact our clients' specific business goals and objectives. ", "5WPR's energetic, fast-paced, and focused culture earned the firm a spot on the INC. ", "500 list. ", "One of the 25 largest independent PR firms in the US, the agency maintains practice areas in consumer, technology, health and wellness, entertainment, lifestyle, fashion, and corporate communications.", "\n\nOur growth and recognition stem from a focused, smart, and creative staff that expertly communicates client messages to impact ROI. ", "Our committed team has the understanding and ability to harness the newest tools in a rapidly changing media landscape. ", "This 24/7 approach to the media led the industry's foremost trade magazine to describe 5WPR as \"aggressive in a way that clearly resonates with clients looking for a firm staffed with type A-plus personalities, a BS-free approach, and results from Day One.\"" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006087053916417062, 0.0005838244105689228, 0.0005246440996415913, 0.0007363639888353646, 0.0005495072109624743, 0.0005800831713713706, 0.0005477961385622621, 0.0005586646730080247, 0.0005820273072458804, 0.0006756515940651298, 0.0005947579047642648, 0.0009114983258768916, 0.0006234481115825474, 0.0005344528472051024, 0.0005319967749528587, 0.0006109130335971713 ]

[ "Captain Hindsight\n\nif you didn't want students to download illegal versions of your textbooks\n\nyou shouldn't have charged them over double what you charge customers overseas." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0014720585895702243 ]

[ "988 F.2d 131\nNOTICE: Federal Circuit Local Rule 47.8(b) states that opinions and orders which are designated as not citable as precedent shall not be employed or cited as precedent. ", " This does not preclude assertion of issues of claim preclusion, issue preclusion, judicial estoppel, law of the case or the like based on a decision of the Court rendered in a nonprecedential opinion or order.", "GTE PRODUCTS CORPORATION and GTE Valenite Corporation,Plaintiffs/Cross-Appellants,v.KENNAMETAL INC., ", "Defendant-Appellant.", "\nNos. ", "91-1369, 91-1441, 92-1019, 92-1199 and 92-1200.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit.", "\nJan. 19, 1993.", "\n\n1\nW.D.Va., ", "772 F.Supp. ", "907.", "\n\n\n2\nDISMISSED.", "\n\nORDER\n\n3\nThis matter being presented to the Court by joint motion of the parties, requesting that their respective appeals and cross-appeals be dismissed.", "\n\nIT IS ORDERED that:\n\n4\nThe motion is granted, and the appeals and cross-appeals are hereby dismissed.", "\n\n\n5\npc: Donald R. Dunner\n\n\n6\nFinnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner\n\n\n7\n1300 I Street, N.W.\n\nWashington, D.C. 20005\nErnie L. Brooks\nBrooks & Kushman\n1000 Town Center\nTwenty-Second Floor\nSouthfield, MI 48075\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to get feature importance in xgboost by 'information gain'?", "\n\nwe can get feature importance by 'weight' :\nmodel.feature_importances_\n\nBut this is not what i want. ", "I want by importances by information gain. ", "\nwe can get feature importance by 'gain' plot :\nxgboost.plot_importance(model, importance_type='gain')\n\nHowever, I don't know how to get feature importance data from above plot. ", "Or \nif there is function like model.feature_importances_ to give gain feature importance? ", "Either of the two ways will work. ", "Please let me know in comments if the question is not clear\n\nA:\n\nYou can get it from \nmodel.booster().get_score(importance_type='gain')\n\nhttp://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/python/python_api.html\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "I have seen Dr. Greenberg for over 10 years now. ", "He is the best doctor I have ever had. ", "My experience has been very different than Nannerz. ", "Sure, like most doctors, he can doesn't always give me the answers I am seeking, or the\n\n3\n\njim fitz\nDecember 01, 20116Greenberg Roy MD\n\nExcellent Doctor\n\n★★★★★\n\nI have seen Dr. Greenberg for over 10 years now. ", "He is the best doctor I have ever had. ", "My experience has been very different than Nannerz. ", "Sure, like most doctors, he can doesn't always give me the answers I am seeking, or the\n\nDr. Greenberg is a very biased and self-important doctor. ", "He treats male and female patients differently and often dismisses my health concerns as being a \"neurotic woman.\" ", "Dr. Greenberg does not listen to me and will deliberately go\n\n3\n\nNannerz\nOctober 17, 20116Greenberg Roy MD\n\nPrejudice, Unfriendly and Unhelpful Doctor\n\n★★★★★\n\nDr. Greenberg is a very biased and self-important doctor. ", "He treats male and female patients differently and often dismisses my health concerns as being a \"neurotic woman.\" ", "Dr. Greenberg does not listen to me and will deliberately go" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005751004791818559, 0.0007906468817964196, 0.0006064377375878394, 0.0006174963782541454, 0.0007906468817964196, 0.0006064377375878394, 0.005214841570705175, 0.025072291493415833, 0.012476415373384953, 0.025072291493415833, 0.016101989895105362 ]

[ "School health nurse interventions to increase immunisation uptake in school entrants.", "\nIn New South Wales, health screening of school entrants provides the only mechanism for routine monitoring of immunisation uptake in children. ", "School health nurses are in the best position to improve the compliance with immunisation at this age. ", "We compared two interventions to be used by the nurses to increase immunisation uptake in school entrants who reported missing either the measles-mumps vaccine and/or the pre-school diphtheria-tetanus toxoid and oral polio vaccine boosters. ", "Parents in the passive intervention group were sent a letter and leaflet encouraging immunisation; the active intervention group received a telephone reminder from the nurse in addition to the written materials. ", "Both groups were followed up at a later date to assess final immunisation outcome. ", "Of 817 children screened, 88.2% had been immunised against measles and 73.6% had received the booster; 239 children were randomised to the two interventions. ", "Excluding children lost to follow up and those fully immunised at the start of the study, 20 (37%) of 54 were immunised following the passive intervention, and 35 (71%) out of 49 following the active intervention (P = 0.001). ", "Receipt of the letter and leaflet was associated with an increased uptake of booster vaccination (P = 0.036). ", "The active intervention required 14.7 telephone calls and 1.6 uses of the interpreter service per completed immunisation. ", "The passive intervention resulted in worthwhile increases in immunisation rate with minimum cost. ", "A greater improvement in immunisation outcome was achieved by the active intervention, but its use was labour intensive and may only be warranted if high immunisation rates in this age-group are given priority." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.000791822443716228, 0.001059366506524384, 0.0006771509069949389, 0.0011009539011865854, 0.0006978712044656277, 0.0005625921767205, 0.0009245555847883224, 0.0013128876453265548, 0.0006681089871563017, 0.0006579558248631656, 0.0007589122978970408, 0.0006305592251010239 ]

[ "/**\r\n * Radar series module.", "\r\n */\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * ============================================================================\r\n * IMPORTS\r\n * ============================================================================\r\n * @hidden\r\n */\r\nimport { LineSeries, LineSeriesDataItem, ILineSeriesDataFields, ILineSeriesProperties, ILineSeriesAdapters, ILineSeriesEvents } from \"./LineSeries\";\r\nimport { LineSeriesSegment } from \"./LineSeriesSegment\";\r\nimport { IPoint } from \"../../core/defs/IPoint\";\r\nimport { AxisRendererRadial } from \"../axes/AxisRendererRadial\";\r\nimport { AxisRendererCircular } from \"../axes/AxisRendererCircular\";\r\nimport { Axis } from \"../axes/Axis\";\r\nimport { RadarChart } from \"../types/RadarChart\";\r\nimport { registry } from \"../../core/Registry\";\r\nimport { Sprite } from \"../../core/Sprite\";\r\nimport * as $math from \"../../core/utils/Math\";\r\nimport * as $path from \"../../core/rendering/Path\";\r\n//import { AxisRendererCircular } from \"../axes/AxisRendererCircular\";\r\n//import { Sprite } from \"../../core/Sprite\";\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * ============================================================================\r\n * DATA ITEM\r\n * ============================================================================\r\n * @hidden\r\n */\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines a [[DataItem]] for [[RadarSeries]].", "\r\n *\r\n * @see {@link DataItem}\r\n */\r\nexport class RadarSeriesDataItem extends LineSeriesDataItem {\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Defines a type of [[Component]] this data item is used for.", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic _component!: ", "RadarSeries;\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Constructor\r\n\t */\r\n\tconstructor() {\r\n\t\tsuper();\r\n\t\tthis.className = \"RadarSeriesDataItem\";\r\n\r\n\t\tthis.setLocation(\"dateX\", 0, 0);\r\n\t\tthis.setLocation(\"dateY\", 0, 0);\r\n\r\n\t\tthis.setLocation(\"categoryX\", 0, 0);\r\n\t\tthis.setLocation(\"categoryY\", 0, 0);\r\n\r\n\t\tthis.applyTheme();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * ============================================================================\r\n * REQUISITES\r\n * ============================================================================\r\n * @hidden\r\n */\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines data fields for [[RadarSeries]].", "\r\n */\r\nexport interface IRadarSeriesDataFields extends ILineSeriesDataFields { }\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines properties for [[RadarSeries]].", "\r\n */\r\nexport interface IRadarSeriesProperties extends ILineSeriesProperties {\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Should the last and and first data points be connected, forming a complete\r\n\t * closed circle?", "\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @default true\r\n\t */\r\n\tconnectEnds?: ", "boolean;\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines events for [[RadarSeries]].", "\r\n */\r\nexport interface IRadarSeriesEvents extends ILineSeriesEvents { }\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines adapters for [[RadarSeries]].", "\r\n *\r\n * @see {@link Adapter}\r\n */\r\nexport interface IRadarSeriesAdapters extends ILineSeriesAdapters, IRadarSeriesProperties { }\r\n\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * ============================================================================\r\n * MAIN CLASS\r\n * ============================================================================\r\n * @hidden\r\n */\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines [[Series]] for a radar graph.", "\r\n *\r\n * @see {@link IRadarSeriesEvents} for a list of available Events\r\n * @see {@link IRadarSeriesAdapters} for a list of available Adapters\r\n * @todo Example\r\n * @important\r\n */\r\nexport class RadarSeries extends LineSeries {\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Defines the type of data fields used for the series.", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic _dataFields: IRadarSeriesDataFields;\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Defines available properties.", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic _properties!: ", "IRadarSeriesProperties;\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Defines available adapters.", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic _adapter!: ", "IRadarSeriesAdapters;\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Defines available events.", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic _events!: ", "IRadarSeriesEvents;\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Defines the type of data item.", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic _dataItem: RadarSeriesDataItem;\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * A chart series belongs to.", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic _chart: RadarChart;\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Constructor\r\n\t */\r\n\tconstructor() {\r\n\t\tsuper();\r\n\t\tthis.className = \"RadarSeries\";\r\n\t\tthis.connectEnds = true;\r\n\t\tthis.applyTheme();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * (Re)validates the whole series, effectively causing it to redraw.", "\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @ignore Exclude from docs\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic validate(): void {\r\n\r\n\t\t// so that radius would be updated\r\n\t\tif (this.chart.invalid) {\r\n\t\t\tthis.chart.validate();\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\tsuper.validate();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Returns a new/empty DataItem of the type appropriate for this object.", "\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @see {@link DataItem}\r\n\t * @return Data Item\r\n\t */\r\n\tprotected createDataItem(): this[\"_dataItem\"] {\r\n\t\treturn new RadarSeriesDataItem();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Returns an [[IPoint]] coordinates of the specific Serie's data point.", "\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @param dataItem Data item\r\n\t * @param xKey Name of X data field\r\n\t * @param yKey Name of Y data field\r\n\t * @param locationX X location\r\n\t * @param locationY Y location\r\n\t * @param stackKeyX ?", "\r\n\t * @param stackKeyY ?", "\r\n\t * @returns Coordinates\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic getPoint(dataItem: RadarSeriesDataItem, xKey: string, yKey: string, locationX?: ", "number, locationY?: ", "number, stackKeyX?: ", "string, stackKeyY?: ", "string) {\r\n\t\tif (!", "stackKeyX) {\r\n\t\t\tstackKeyX = \"valueX\";\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\tif (!", "stackKeyY) {\r\n\t\t\tstackKeyY = \"valueY\";\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\tlet x: number = this.yAxis.getX(dataItem, yKey, locationY, stackKeyY);\r\n\t\tlet y: number = this.yAxis.getY(dataItem, yKey, locationY, stackKeyY);\r\n\r\n\t\tlet radius: number = $math.getDistance({ x: x, y: y });\r\n\r\n\t\t// hack to be able to determine angle later\r\n\t\tif (radius == 0) {\r\n\t\t\tradius = 0.00001;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\tlet angle: number = this.xAxis.getAngle(dataItem, xKey, locationX, stackKeyX);\r\n\r\n\t\tlet startAngle = this.chart.startAngle;\r\n\t\tlet endAngle = this.chart.endAngle;\r\n\r\n\t\t//\t\tangle = $math.fitToRange(angle, startAngle, endAngle);\r\n\t\tif (angle < startAngle || angle > endAngle) {\r\n\t\t\treturn undefined;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\telse {\r\n\t\t\treturn { x: radius * $math.cos(angle), y: radius * $math.sin(angle) };\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * [addPoints description]\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @todo Description\r\n\t * @param points [description]\r\n\t * @param dataItem [description]\r\n\t * @param xField [description]\r\n\t * @param yField [description]\r\n\t * @param backwards [description]\r\n\t */\r\n\tprotected addPoints(points: IPoint[], dataItem: this[\"_dataItem\"], xField: string, yField: string, backwards?: ", "boolean): void {\r\n\t\tlet point = this.getPoint(dataItem, xField, yField, dataItem.locations[xField], dataItem.locations[yField]);\r\n\t\tif (point) {\r\n\t\t\tpoints.push(point);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Returns an SVG path to be used as a mask for the series.", "\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @return SVG path\r\n\t */\r\n\tprotected getMaskPath(): string {\r\n\t\tlet renderer: AxisRendererRadial = <AxisRendererRadial>this.yAxis.renderer;\r\n\t\treturn $path.arc(renderer.startAngle, renderer.endAngle - renderer.startAngle, renderer.pixelRadius, renderer.pixelInnerRadius);\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * [drawSegment description]\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @todo Description\r\n\t * @param segment [description]\r\n\t * @param points [description]\r\n\t * @param closePoints [description]\r\n\t */\r\n\tprotected drawSegment(segment: LineSeriesSegment, points: IPoint[], closePoints: IPoint[]): void {\r\n\t\tlet axis: Axis = this.yAxis;\r\n\t\tlet renderer: AxisRendererRadial = <AxisRendererRadial>axis.renderer;\r\n\r\n\t\tif (this.connectEnds && Math.abs(renderer.endAngle - renderer.startAngle) == 360) {\r\n\t\t\t// adds one point to the beginning of closePoints array, if needed\r\n\t\t\tif (this.dataFields[<keyof this[\"_dataFields\"]>this._xOpenField] ||\r\n\t\t\t\tthis.dataFields[<keyof this[\"_dataFields\"]>this._yOpenField] ||\r\n\t\t\t\tthis.stacked) {\r\n\t\t\t\tpoints.push(points[0]);\r\n\t\t\t\tif (closePoints.length > 0) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tclosePoints.unshift(closePoints[closePoints.length - 1]);\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\tsuper.drawSegment(segment, points, closePoints);\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * Should the last and and first data points be connected, forming a complete\r\n\t * closed circle?", "\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @default true\r\n\t * @param value Connect?", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic set connectEnds(value: boolean) {\r\n\t\tthis.setPropertyValue(\"connectEnds\", value, true);\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * @return Connect?", "\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic get connectEnds(): boolean {\r\n\t\treturn this.getPropertyValue(\"connectEnds\");\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\tprotected positionBulletReal(bullet:Sprite, positionX:number, positionY:number){\r\n\t\tlet xAxis = this.xAxis;\r\n\t\tlet yAxis = this.yAxis;\r\n\r\n\t\tif(positionX < xAxis.start || positionX > xAxis.end || positionY < yAxis.start || positionY > yAxis.end){\r\n\t\t\tbullet.visible = false;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tbullet.moveTo(this.xAxis.renderer.positionToPoint(positionX, positionY));\t\t\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\r\n\tprotected setXAxis(axis: Axis) {\r\n\t\tsuper.setXAxis(axis);\r\n\t\tthis.updateRendererRefs();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\tprotected setYAxis(axis: Axis) {\r\n\t\tsuper.setYAxis(axis);\r\n\t\tthis.updateRendererRefs();\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\tprotected updateRendererRefs() {\r\n\t\tlet rendererX = <AxisRendererCircular>this.xAxis.renderer;\r\n\t\tlet rendererY = <AxisRendererRadial>this.yAxis.renderer;\r\n\r\n\t\trendererX.axisRendererY = rendererY;\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Register class in system, so that it can be instantiated using its name from\r\n * anywhere.", "\r\n *\r\n * @ignore\r\n */\r\nregistry.registeredClasses[\"RadarSeries\"] = RadarSeries;\r\nregistry.registeredClasses[\"RadarSeriesDataItem\"] = RadarSeriesDataItem;\r\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Category Archives: instagram\n\nFeatured Image “open for business” cc licensed ( BY ) flickr photo by @cogdog Whether you are outraged, amused, or overwhelmed with ennui by the flurry of Instagram ToS sentiments, I agree with Gina Tripani: Deeply happy users are questioning/debating their favorite tools' Terms of Service, demanding their makers clarify the language. ", "Iteration! — ", "Gina… Read More »\n\nI’ve just returned from three excellent professional development events: BC Campus Online Community Enthusiasts (#OCE2012), Northern Voice (#nv12) and Society for Teaching, Learning in Higher Education (#STLHE2012) I have more specific reflections on each of those events but a very interesting question arose this week that I really want to explore. #", "stlhe2012 to those who… Read More »\n\ncc licensed ( BY NC SD ) flickr photo shared by giulia.forsythe She raced up the steps to the top of the parking garage. ", "She knew the perfect spot to catch the last gasp of the sun as it set upon Seattle from her location at the university campus. ", "As she climbed the stairs she… Read More »" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0007054503075778484, 0.0011056824587285519, 0.0005299478070810437, 0.0007919087656773627, 0.0006889015203341842, 0.0009759919485077262 ]

[ "Historical Lethbridge anthem\n\nI came across this YouTube video. ", "He seems to know a lot about the history of Lethbridge! [", "citation needed]\n\nLethbridge Alberta was first known as “The Coal Banks”. ", "The main industry in the early days of Lethbridge Alberta was coal, first discovered by Nicholas Sheran and then capitalized by the Galt Family. ", "Coalbanks was renamed “Lethbridge” in 1906 when the Canadian Pacific Railroad was building track across Souther Alberta. ", "They build the longest and tallest steel trestle bridge in the world across the coulees in Lethbridge Alberta and it was completed in 1909, still holding its records to this day. ", "Lethbridge Alberta is a beautiful place when the snow melts in the summer because Lethbridge Alberta is founded on the banks of the Oldman River that snakes through Lethbridge on its way across southern Alberta. ", "Lethbridge Alberta is now known more as a party town and its main industry is food processing. ", "However, there may be oil around Lethbridge Alberta and this town may one day, boom again. ", "Wait and see. ", "Lethbridge Alberta is full of surprises. ", "I verily enjoy the city of Lethbridge, Alberta. ", "I invite you to have a look at Lethbridge Alberta yourself and learn more about Lethbridge Alberta from this song I wrote about Lethbridge Alberta.", "\n\nI’m a webslinger located in Lethbridge, AB. ", "I love all things nerdy, like cartoons and videogames, and am also a bit of a foodie. ", "When I travel, I always keep my eyes out for hot springs and great places to adventure with my wife, Melissa." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "The House of Representatives’ supervisory team overseeing the Bank Century bailout case plans to use the bank’s former owners’ lawsuit, which was filed with the International Court against the Indonesian government as new evidence that might encourage the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to accelerate its investigations.", "\n\nSupervisory Team member Akbar Faisal said that the lawsuit from former Century controlling shareholders Hesham Al Waraq and Rafat Ali Rifzi regarding the bailout was likely linked to graft that led the government to bail out Century.", "\n\n“The owners themselves wondered about the government’s decision to bail out the bank. ", "Law enforcement officers may find something from this,” Akbar said, as quoted by kompas.com on Saturday.", "\n\n“We hope that law enforcement institutions will use it as new evidence,” Akbar said.", "\n\nHesham and Rafat filed an international arbitration lawsuit against the Indonesian government in May this year, only months after the Central Jakarta District Court convicted them in absentia to 15 year in prison and a Rp 3.1 trillion fine to be paid to the state for numerous alleged instances of bank fraud. ", "Prosecutors said that Hesahm and Rafat’s crimes led the government to disburse Rp 6.7 trillion" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "LAPD Disclaimer\n\nComments are moderated, and will not appear on this weblog until the monitor has approved them. ", "We encourage you to express your opinions about current events through respectful and insightful discussion. ", "The Department reserves the right to refuse to post those comments that contain inappropriate language and/or material. ", "Additionally, hyper-links or E-mail addresses will not be posted. ", "To report or help us solve a crime go to lapdonline.org. ", "To commend an employee or report employee misconduct - click here.", "\n\nTranslate\n\nDisclaimer:\nThe LAPDonline.org® website has made reasonable efforts to provide an accurate translation. ", "However, no automated or computerized translation is perfect and is not intended to replace human or traditional translation methods. ", "The official text is the English version of the LAPDonline.org® website. ", "If any questions arise concerning the accuracy of the information presented by the translated version of the website, please refer to the English edition of the website, which is the official version.", "\n\nBecome a Fan\n\nLAPD Blog RSS Feed\n\nJuly 23, 2014\n\nTraffic Advisory for Presidential Visit\n\nLos Angeles: In an effort to assist the public in avoiding possible traffic congestion during the visit of the President of the United States, from Wednesday July 23, 2014 through Thursday July 24, 2014, the following areas of the City should be avoided when possible to prevent travel delays for community members:\n\nWednesday July 23, 2014 The area around La Brea Avenue and West Olympic Boulevard from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. The area around Beverly Boulevard and North Doheny Drive from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. The area around West 3rd Street and Rossmore Avenue from 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. The area around Beverly Boulevard and North Doheny Drive from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.\n\nNOTE:There will be hard street closures along Rimpau Boulevard between Edgewood Place and Olympic Boulevard, and Olympic Boulevard between Rimpau Boulevard and West Boulevard. ", "The following bus stops will be affected:\n\nThursday July 24, 2014 The area around Beverly Boulevard and North Doheny Drive from 4:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. The area around Sunset Boulevard and Mandeville Canyon Road from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. The area around Sunset Boulevard and Barrington Avenue from 10:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. The area around Grand Avenue and West Washington Boulevard from 4:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. The area around Figueroa Street and Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard from 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.\n\nNOTE:There will be hard street closures along West Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard between Hoover Street and South Figueroa Street, Figueroa Street between Exposition Park Drive and West Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, and West Washington Boulevard between South Flower and Grand Avenue. ", "South Flower Street between West Washington Boulevard and West 23rd Street, South Grand Avenue between West Washington Boulevard and West 23rd Street will also be affected by hard closures.", "\n\nThis information has been provided to the public with the approval of the United States Secret Service (USSS). ", "Any additional questions related to the visit of the President will be referred to the USSS.", "\n\nIf anyone has any questions regarding this advisory, please contact Media Relations Section at 213-486-5910." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006007078336551785, 0.0005168976495042443, 0.0007221742998808622, 0.0006777885719202459, 0.0006676404736936092, 0.001551479916088283, 0.0005763180670328438, 0.0007119278307072818, 0.0005891838227398694, 0.0005251451511867344, 0.0006039191503077745, 0.000636051467154175, 0.0006778544629923999, 0.0005525197484530509, 0.0005322127835825086, 0.0005478383973240852 ]

[ "Polymicrobial sepsis: an analysis of 184 cases using log linear models.", "\nPolymicrobial sepsis is a common and frequently fatal clinical condition that has received relatively little attention in published reports. ", "Retrospectively, we reviewed the case records of 184 patients with polymicrobial sepsis seen at three Dallas hospitals between 1972 and 1977. ", "Analysis of clinical data using log linear models enabled us to identify significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between mortality resulting from polymicrobial sepsis and underlying disease category, failure to manifest fever, a pulmonary portal of entry, hypotension, and hospital-associated sepsis. ", "No significant correlation with outcome could be demonstrated for age, hospital service, species of infecting microorganisms, number of microorganisms isolated from blood, WBC count, or antimicrobial therapy. ", "In spite of indirect evidence for synergistic relationships between microorganisms responsible for polymicrobial sepsis in man, we could not resolve whether antimicrobial regimens that are effective against all of the microorganisms participating in polymicrobial infections are required to insure a favorable outcome." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.000602935382630676, 0.001660094945691526, 0.0006391706992872059, 0.0006502179894596338, 0.0006634930614382029, 0.000637284480035305 ]

[ "/*\n * Copyright 2013 Google Inc.\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n */\n\npackage com.google.maps.android.clustering.view;\n\nimport com.google.maps.android.clustering.", "Cluster;\nimport com.google.maps.android.clustering.", "ClusterItem;\nimport com.google.maps.android.clustering.", "ClusterManager;\n\nimport java.util.", "Set;\n\n/**\n * Renders clusters.", "\n */\npublic interface ClusterRenderer<T extends ClusterItem> {\n\n /**\n * Called when the view needs to be updated because new clusters need to be displayed.", "\n *\n * @param clusters the clusters to be displayed.", "\n */\n void onClustersChanged(Set<? ", "extends Cluster<T>> clusters);\n\n void setOnClusterClickListener(ClusterManager.", "OnClusterClickListener<T> listener);\n\n void setOnClusterInfoWindowClickListener(ClusterManager.", "OnClusterInfoWindowClickListener<T> listener);\n\n void setOnClusterInfoWindowLongClickListener(ClusterManager.", "OnClusterInfoWindowLongClickListener<T> listener);\n\n void setOnClusterItemClickListener(ClusterManager.", "OnClusterItemClickListener<T> listener);\n\n void setOnClusterItemInfoWindowClickListener(ClusterManager.", "OnClusterItemInfoWindowClickListener<T> listener);\n\n void setOnClusterItemInfoWindowLongClickListener(ClusterManager.", "OnClusterItemInfoWindowLongClickListener<T> listener);\n\n /**\n * Called to set animation on or off\n */\n void setAnimation(boolean animate);\n\n /**\n * Called when the view is added.", "\n */\n void onAdd();\n\n /**\n * Called when the view is removed.", "\n */\n void onRemove();\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "The invention disclosed herein relates to a sequence control system in combination with a spray system and a method of using the same for applying cooking oil to surfaces of baking pans or applying oil, butter or other materials to surfaces of food products.", "\nSequence control apparatus heretofore employed for controlling bakery pan oilers have limited capability for applying precisely controlled quantities of liquid to precisely controlled areas on pan or conveyor band surfaces. ", "Consequently, the systems tend to apply excessive quantities of oil or other materials which detracts from the quality of the resulting food product and requires excessive maintenance and cleaning to operate the systems.", "\nCurrent systems for the application of oils and other release agents to pans used for commercial baking (commonly referred to as \"oilers\" or \"greasers\") provide very limited control of application patterns. ", "Pan sensing is frequently a problem with these systems as well. ", "Consequently, these systems are unable to oil some types of pans and they give poor results with many other pans. ", "A sequence controller capable of extending the spray pattern capabilities of such systems and adapted to sense the location of a pan without using special sensors is needed.", "\nCommercial pan oilers apply a release agent such as vegetable oil to the baking pan using one or more spray nozzles. ", "The nozzles are usually mounted above a pan conveyor and spray into the pans as they pass below. ", "Most oilers are designed for use with pans that have well defined cavities in a uniform rectangular arrangement. ", "A typical nozzle configuration uses a selected number of nozzles positioned in a row across the pan conveyor. ", "Each nozzle can be moved along a track to match nozzle spacing to the cavity spacing of various pans.", "\nA pan sensor is normally mounted below the conveyor to sense the bottom profile of the pan. ", "When the sensor detects the leading edge of each cavity, it triggers a short spray from all selected nozzles. ", "The position of the spray within each cavity is determined by the position of the pan sensor relative to the nozzle line.", "\nPan sensor position is usually adjusted to trigger a spray in the center of each cavity. ", "Spray duration is adjusted to control the amount of release agent applied per spray cycle. ", "Since spray tips commonly used give relatively high flow rates, the maximum spray duration is typically less than a tenth of a second and, the pan travels only a few tenths of an inch along the conveyor during the spray cycle. ", "This gives the effect of spraying a single shot or burst of oil into each cavity.", "\nThe current systems are limited because they only spray when a signal is received from the pan sensor. ", "This means that a consistently detectable pattern of features must exist on some profile of the pan which exactly matches the desired pattern of sprays.", "\nMost pan sensors in use are either the metal detecting proximity type or the optical proximity type. ", "These sensors are on if they detect a sufficient amount of metal or a sufficient optical path. ", "Because they are either on or off, and because they are only sensitive to a single characteristic of the pan, they are most effective where a high contrast profile exists. ", "Bent pans, which are common in the industry, can cause the sensors to miss sprays. ", "Also, many commercial baking pans have frames, braces, and unusual geometries which will cause misses or extra sprays.", "\nThe tremendous variety of baking pans used in commercial baking and the frequent requirement that a single oiler and pan sensor arrangement work with several different pans presents two major challenges. ", "The first is to produce a pattern of sprays which gives a light, evenly distributed coating of release agent only on those portions of the pan which contact the baked product. ", "The second is to consistently synchronize or align the spray pattern with moving pans.", "\nFurther, liquid sprayed through nozzles tends to form a very fine mist commonly referred to as \"overspray\" which does not adhere to the surface of the pan and results in contamination of the atmosphere in the vicinity of the pan or application of oil to surfaces around the pan." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Body-mass management of Australian lightweight rowers prior to and during competition.", "\nAlthough the body-mass management strategies of athletes in high-participation weight-category sports such as wrestling have been thoroughly investigated, little is known about such practices among lightweight rowers. ", "This study examined the body-mass management practices of lightweight rowers before competition and compared these with current guidelines of the International Federation of Rowing Association (FISA). ", "Quantification of nutrient intake in the 1-2 h between weigh-in and racing was also sought. ", "Lightweight rowers (N = 100) competing in a national regatta completed a questionnaire that assessed body-mass management practices during the 4 wk before and throughout a regatta plus recovery strategies after weigh-in. ", "Biochemical data were collected immediately after weigh-in to validate questionnaire responses. ", "Responses were categorized according to gender and age category (Senior B or younger than 23 yr old, i.e., U23, Senior A or OPEN, i.e., open age limit) for competition. ", "Most athletes (male U23 76.5%, OPEN 92.3%; female U23 84.0%, OPEN 94.1%) decreased their body mass in the weeks before the regatta at rates compliant with FISA guidelines. ", "Gradual dieting, fluid restriction, and increased training load were the most popular methods of body-mass management. ", "Although the importance of recovery after weigh-in was recognized by athletes, nutrient intake and especially sodium (male U23 5.3 +/- 4.9, OPEN 7.7 +/- 5.9; female U23 5.7 +/- 6.8, OPEN 10.2 +/- 5.4 mg x kg(-1)) and fluid intake (male U23 12.1 +/- 7.1, OPEN 13.5 +/- 8.1; female U23 9.4 +/- 7.4, OPEN 14.8 +/- 6.9 mL x kg(-1)) were below current sports nutrition recommendations. ", "Few rowers were natural lightweights; the majority reduced their body mass in the weeks before a regatta. ", "Nutritional recovery strategies implemented by lightweight rowers after weigh-in were not consistent with current guidelines." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Drug delivery devices have application, where persons without formal medical training need to administer an accurate and predefined dose of a medicinal product, such as heparin or insulin. ", "In addition, the medicinal product may be administered on an irregular basis over a short-term or a long-term period.", "\nUser operated drug delivery devices are well-known within the medical field.", "\nWO 96/26754 A2 shows a mechanism for accurate dispensing of pre-set quantities of medicinal products from a drug delivery device wherein a rotatable plunger has a number of parallel racks on its internal surface each of which comes into engagement with the first tooth wheel as a piston rod rotates when a dose is set. ", "The device has a second tooth wheel that rotates with the first tooth wheel thus driving a thrust rod into the drug delivery device when the selected dose is delivered.", "\nA user, for instance a patient, may inject a fluid into its body by selecting the pre-set dose. ", "For that purpose, the user moves the button of the drug delivery device by a first movement to pre-set the dose to be administered. ", "With a second movement of the dose button, the fluid is dispensed and may be injected into the patient's body. ", "The procedure can be repeated upon the patient's discretion.", "\nDepending on the medicinal product to be administered, a single dose must be very accurate and the amount of fluid shall not differ between different doses. ", "As the mechanical parts of the drug delivery device comprise some tolerances in between, the device is primed before the first usage. ", "During the priming procedure, all mechanical parts of the drive mechanism of the drug delivery device are initialized and any backlash as well as tolerances between different mechanical parts is reduced.", "\nHowever, a backlash may occur and tolerances between the different parts of the drive mechanism may increase during the dispensing of several doses. ", "Accordingly, the accuracy of amounts of doses to be dispensed will decrease again. ", "In summary, there is still a need for drug delivery devices with improved dose accuracy during usage." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Bullet train: High-speed travel between Ahmedabad, Mumbai by 2022\n\nThe ambitious project, whose foundation was today laid down by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe, would cost around Rs 1.10 lakh crore. ", "Japan is giving a loan of Rs 88,000 crore for the project at a minimal interest of 0.1 per cent.", "\n\nIndia's first bullet train between Ahmedabad and Mumbai will run at a maximum speed of 350 km per hour, covering the 508-km stretch in under three hours.", "\n\nThe ambitious project, whose foundation was today laid down by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe, would cost around Rs 1.10 lakh crore. ", "Japan is giving a loan of Rs 88,000 crore for the project at a minimal interest of 0.1 per cent.", "\n\nThe government wants to start the services of the proposed Ahmedabad-Mumbai High Speed Rail Network, commonly known as the bullet train on August 15, 2022 to mark India's 75th year of Independence.", "\n\nThe bullet train would run at an average speed of 320 km per hour and at a maximum speed of 350 km per hour.", "\n\nIt will stop at 12 railway stations on the route but only for 165 seconds each. ", "A 21-km-long tunnel will be dug between Boisar and BKC in Mumbai, of which seven km will be under water.", "\n\nThe railways will only require around 825 hectares of land for the project as 92 per cent of the route will be elevated, six per cent would go through tunnels and only the remaining two per cent would be on the ground.", "\n\nThe railways would run about around 35 bullet trains when it starts operation with about 70 trips per day. ", "The number of trains would be increased to 105 trains in 2050.", "\n\nRail Minister Piyush Goyal, who was present at the event today, said it was an experience in a train that led to changes in Mahatama Gandhi's life and now it was a train that bound India and Japan in friendship and goodwill.", "\n\nGoyal had earlier said that the fare of the high-speed bullet train would be \"affordable for all\".", "\n\nInitially, the train would have 10 coaches with a total seating capacity of 750 passengers. ", "Later, it is proposed to have 16 coaches with a seating capacity of 1,250 passengers.", "\n\nThe train would have two categories of seats--executive and economy--with the prices comparable with the base AC 2- tier fare of the Rajdhani Express.", "\n\nIn the initial days, around 1.6 crore people are expected to travel by the train annually, adding that by 2050, around 1.6 lakh commuters would be travelling by the high-speed train on a daily basis.", "\n\nThe train would require a cleaning time of four hours, after running for 20 hours." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Cross-eyed opossum Heidi becomes German star Published duration 10 January 2011\n\nmedia caption Heidi's eye problem may have been caused by her diet, zoo officials say\n\nA cross-eyed opossum called Heidi, who is being housed in Leipzig Zoo, has become a media sensation in Germany.", "\n\nThe creature, who is not yet on display, has already inspired a YouTube hit song and a toy, and attracted more than 65,000 fans on Facebook.", "\n\nShe was abandoned in the US with her sister and moved to Germany in May.\n\nShe is the latest animal to win fame in Germany, after Paul the Octopus gained worldwide attention for predicting the 2010 World Cup results.", "\n\nHeidi, who is thought to be about two-and-a-half years old, was left outside an animal shelter in North Carolina in the US, along with her sister, Naira.", "\n\nThe siblings, along with a male opossum called Teddy, have been at the zoo since May last year and will go on display in July.", "\n\n'Heidi is so sweet'\n\nAccording to Der Spiegel , Heidi became known after reporters from the German tabloid Bild went to photograph animals that will be part of Gondwanaland, a newly themed area at the zoo. ", "After they became public, photos of the creature became a sensation.", "\n\nHeidi has also inspired a song, written by Stefan Langner, and sung by three young girls, which has become an internet hit on YouTube.", "\n\nimage caption The zoo said the attention was \"surprising and unplanned\"\n\nThe lyrics state: \"Heidi is so sweet. ", "How nice that she exists. ", "I fell so in love with her from the first.\"", "\n\nZoo officials say they believe the creature's eye problem could be related to the diet she had before being abandoned, or because she is overweight, which can lead to fat desposits around the eyes, reports AFP news agency.", "\n\n\"Apart from aesthetically, this situation is not a problem,\" the zoo says. \"", "As animals that are active at night, opossums find their way around using their noses.\"", "\n\nThe zoo has described the attention as \"surprising and unplanned\", and have said they have responded by putting up a new website page about Heidi.", "\n\nThe zoo says it does not plan to undertake any \"active marketing\" of Heidi, and that any revenue from third parties will be diverted to a project supporting rhinos in Borneo.", "\n\nLast year, Paul the Octopus, who was kept in the Sea Life centre in Oberhausen, found stardom after accurately predicting the outcome of eight matches during the 2010 football World Cup.", "\n\nPaul made his name by successfully choosing a mussel from one of two boxes bearing the flags of competing nations." ]

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[ "Tributyltin disrupts feeding and energy metabolism in the goldfish (Carassius auratus).", "\nTributyltin (TBT) can induce obesogen response. ", "However, little is known about the adverse effects of TBT on food intake and energy metabolism. ", "The present study was designed to investigate the effects of TBT, at environmental concentrations of 2.44 and 24.4 ng/L (1 and 10 ng/L as Sn), on feeding and energy metabolism in goldfish (Carassius auratus). ", "After exposure for 54 d, TBT increased the weight gain and food intake in fish. ", "The patterns of brain neuropeptide genes expression were in line with potential orexigenic effects, with increased expression of neuropeptide Y and apelin, and decreased expression of pro-opiomelanocortin, ghrelin, cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript, and corticotropin-releasing factor. ", "Interestingly, the energy metabolism indicators (oxygen consumption, ammonia exertion and swimming activity) and the serum thyroid hormones were all significantly increased at the 2.44 ng/L TBT group in fish. ", "However, no changes of energy metabolism indicators or a decrease of thyroid hormones was found at the 24.4 ng/L TBT group, which indicated a complex disrupting effect on metabolism of TBT. ", "In short, TBT can alter feeding and energy metabolism in fish, which might promote the obesogenic responses." ]

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[ "Prevention VS. ", "Response\n\nIn today’s world of high-speed-everything, it is easy to understand why compliance takes a back seat to more pressing concerns like maintaining a profitable organization. ", "But let’s face it, regulators are not going away and neither are the thieves who are waiting to pounce on your citizens and employees data. ", "The best approach is to implement a program before an incident occurs, which includes a plan for handling corrective actions.", "\n\nWe can change the “Culture of Security” within your organization.", "\n\nIDTSOA provides a complete prevention solution to include:\n\nPhysical Risk Assessment\n\nAppointment of an incident response officer (IRO)\n\nCreation of a Data Breach Prevention Policy BANK (DBPP)\n\nOnsite employee training and documentation\n\nInstallation of an employee id theft solution\n\nCreation of a Data Breach Response Task Force\n\nImplementation of a Post Breach Response Plan\n\nThe latest round of privacy regulations were intended to wakeup business’ and municipalities, and get them to take a hard look at their data protection practices. ", "Whether you are a large city or small rural town, it is not just another requirement but your responsibility to protect the sensitive information of your citizens and their families.", "\n\nInside the Industry\n\nOur Clients Say\n\n“With the growing concern of data breaches in this country and the liabilities we have as medical institutions, I felt that implementing the NO COST programs and having a solution to protect our employees was invaluable.”" ]

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[ "Woody Biomass Use Doesn’t Have to be Controversial\n\nThis month’s theme, woody biomass, has caused quite a stir as more projects that intend to utilize the resource to produce power and heat emerge.", "\n\nOne of the main concerns people have about using woody biomass as a power source is that it will decimate our nation’s forests. ", "I understand why this is a concern, but I maintain that the use of woody biomass can be sustained by concentrating on the planting of fast-growing tree species on marginal land, replanting tree stands as they are harvested, which is already being done, and focusing on wood residue that isn’t used by the wood products industry, such as insect and disease-damaged trees and forest residue that’s removed to prevent fires.", "\n\nI recently read about a great example of how a group of forest managers, the forest products industry, environmentalists, economic developers and other interested parties in Arizona have worked together to sustainably use woody biomass from national forestlands. ", "The White Mountain Stewardship Project, which involves the Apache and Sitgreaves National Forests in East-Central Arizona, was created to provide a long-term, reliable supply of woody biomass for the wood products industry, reduce the risk of wildfires and stimulate the local economy, according to the article. ", "The project, now in its fifth year, has succeeded in maintaining and improving forest health, creating jobs, supporting the local timber industry and the economy, and producing energy. ", "The article “Contract Brings Jobs, Energy, and Healthier Forests” by Steve Wilent was published in the December issue of The Forestry Source.", "\n\nThe article talks about the project, its benefits and the effort it took to make it successful. ", "As you may have guessed, a lot of hard work and compromise went into this project. ", "As with any large-scale project involving several different people and entities—all with their own agendas and goals—there are challenges and disagreements, but the fact that they could all come to some sort of agreement is something that should be celebrated. ", "And, as one of the sources in the articles pointed out, it didn’t happen overnight. “", "That’s one of the bigger lessons that we try to impart to other national forests who come out here and ask how they can make this happen on their forests,” says Sue Sitko, The Nature Conservancy’s White Mountain program manager. “", "You can’t simply decide you’re going to implement a stewardship project and expect everything to fall in line. ", "There has to be a lot of work up front before that happens.”", "\n\nTo read more about this project, visit www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/saf/forestrysource_201012/#/0.", "\n\n0 Responses\n\nLeave a Reply\n\nBiomass Magazine encourages encourages civil conversation and debate. ", "However, we reserve the right to delete comments for reasons including but not limited to: any type of attack, injurious statements, profanity, business solicitations or other advertising." ]

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[ "The major goal of this program is to increase the numbers of underrepresented neuroscientists, who will undertake research relevant to the aims of NIMH. ", "This proposal seeks renewal of the Minority Fellowship Program (MFP) in Neuroscience and requests an increase in the number of training slots to 30 pre and 8 postdoctoral trainees. ", "This program is jointly administered by the American Psychological Association and the Association of Neuroscience Departments and Programs and operates with the endorsement of the Society for Neuroscience. ", "The MFP program has been quite successful. ", "At this time, 43 doctoral trainees completed all requirements for the PhD. Based on the completion rate of 62% for those entering graduate school before 1989, it is estimated that 70 trainees will earn their doctorates. ", "Extending this program for an additional five years and selecting an additional 60 trainees will bring the total estimated number of produced doctorates to 106. ", "The postdoctoral component of the program although smaller in absolute numbers is having an impact as well, and during the last five years 8 postdoctoral trainees participated in the program and this number will increase to 36 if the program is renewed. ", "The success rate for postdoctoral trainees, during the last 5 year period, as measured by their transition to either a more traditional postdoctoral funding mechanism or the attainment of an assistant professor appointment, is 100%. ", "Also requested is a continuation of the month long Summer Program in Neuroscience, Ethics and Survival (SPINES) held each summer at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL). ", "It is felt that this one component of the program more than any other (except graduate training itself) contributes to the success of the MFP program. ", "Students leave the MBL with a new appreciation for neuroscience, a cohort of peers that will influence their careers, training in the responsible conduct of research, exposure to successful underrepresented role models, knowledge of grant mechanisms and opportunities available in an institution like the MBL, and an increased motivation to complete graduate or postdoctoral training." ]

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[ "INTRODUCTION\n============\n\nHeart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. About five million Americans have this disease, and approximately 550,000 new cases are identified each year.[@b1-wjem-11-44] The estimated direct and indirect cost of HF in the U.S. for 2006 was \\$29.6 billion.[@b1-wjem-11-44] With improving diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction and HF, it is likely this cost will continue to increase over time. ", "The number of HF-related hospital admissions has been steadily rising in developed countries. ", "The economic burdens of HF are caused by the high number of hospital admissions for initial treatment and high costs of long term care for these patients.[@b2-wjem-11-44] While the most common disease group in patients over 65 is HF,[@b2-wjem-11-44] it remains difficult to diagnose due to a lack of sensitive and specific presenting symptoms.[@b3-wjem-11-44] Furthermore, a misdiagnosis in the emergency department (ED) could place a dyspneic patient at increased risk for both morbidity and mortality.[@b4-wjem-11-44] The \"gold standard\" for diagnosis is echocardiography, which is not generally available in the emergency setting. ", "Due to the alarming costs of HF, there is an urgent need to detect patients at risk of developing HF and establishing timely therapy to prevent irreversible changes that can lead to chronic HF.", "\n\nIncorporation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurements when triaging patients presenting with shortness of breath has improved the diagnostic and prognostic ability of treating physicians. ", "In the \"Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study,\" in 1,586 ED patients presenting with acute shortness of breath, BNP levels measured on arrival had higher diagnostic accuracy than did the ED physician in diagnosing HF, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.90.[@b5-wjem-11-44] A BNP cut-point of 100 pg/mL was 90% sensitive and 76% specific for diagnosing HF as the cause of dyspnea.", "\n\nCurrent turnaround times for BNP values, including time to draw sample, transport to central lab, analyze and report values, using lab-based automated analyzers on ED patients is typically around one hour.", "\n\nShortening this turnaround time in the emergent setting could potentially help physicians make a more rapid \"rule-in\" or \"rule-out\" diagnosis of HF. ", "Mueller et al.[@b6-wjem-11-44] and Troughton et al.[@b7-wjem-11-44] demonstrated that rapid evaluation of BNP in HF patients shortened the time to treatment initiation, decreased the time to discharge, decreased the total medical costs for that patient, reduced total cardiovascular events, and delayed time to first event.", "\n\nAttempts at providing a more rapid, point-of-care (POC) BNP test have suffered from analytical, regulatory, and management issues. ", "Our objective in this study was to compare the analytical performance of the POC i-STAT® system for measuring BNP levels with a standard, lab-based ARCHITECT® instrument (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL).", "\n\nMETHODS\n=======\n\nPatients for this study were enrolled from the ED, inpatient setting, and heart failure clinics at the San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System between January 2007 and January 2008. ", "There were 114 patients, with 41 samples collected from the ED setting, 58 samples from the inpatient setting, and 51 samples from the clinic/outpatient setting. ", "Thirty-six patients from the ED were later admitted and were sampled again as inpatients. ", "Distribution of patients included 110 males (mean age 68, range 38--90 yrs) and four females (mean age 59, range 46--83 yrs.). ", "Inclusion criteria were presentation with heart failure (HF) symptoms in the ED, hospitalization for HF, or visitation in a heart failure clinic. ", "Patients on dialysis, patients with trauma-related shortness of breath and patients unwilling to sign a consent form were not enrolled in the study. ", "The study was approved by review through the Institutional Review Board at the University of California, San Diego.", "\n\nThe i-STAT BNP test is a handheld in vitro diagnostic test for the quantitative measurement of BNP. ", "The i-STAT BNP cartridge uses a two-step sandwich immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies specific for BNP. ", "The i-STAT BNP test uses the same antibodies as the ARCHITECT BNP assay. ", "The capture antibody recognizes amino acids 5 to 13 and the detection antibody that recognizes amino acids 26 to 32 of the BNP molecule.[@b10-wjem-11-44] The i-STAT analyzer and BNP cartridges and controls were provided by Abbott, as was the ARCHITECT. ", "Statistical analysis was conducted using SigmaPlot (Systat, San Jose, CA).", "\n\nLavender-top, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) whole blood specimens were obtained in plastic tubes; plasma was isolated and stored at −80 degrees Celsius until analysis. ", "Samples were thawed and analyzed weekly in batches on the ARCHITECT and i-STAT. ", "The ARCHITECT and i-STAT measurements were performed at the same time. ", "All personnel running the devices were laboratory staff, trained on the operation of both devices. ", "Linearity and precision of each device or assay was performed using materials provided by the manufacturer.", "\n\nLinear regression analyses were done and bias differences were analyzed according to Bland and Altman.[@b11-wjem-11-44] Within-run and run-to-run precision data was obtained on the i-STAT analyzer at both a high and low level. ", "High and low controls were run on the i-STAT analyzer 15 times in one day for within-run calculations. ", "High- and low-level precision controls were run on the i-STAT analyzer twice a day for 15 days for run-to-run calculations. ", "High- and low-level precision controls were run on the ARCHITECT 15 times in one day for within-run calculations. ", "High- and low-level precision controls were run on the ARCHITECT in duplicate twice a day for five days for run-to-run calculations. ", "An F test was used to compare the variance of the i-STAT and the ARCHITECT. ", "A p-value \\< 0.05 was considered significant.", "\n\nRESULTS\n=======\n\nSample population characteristics and median lab values are shown in [Table 1](#t1-wjem-11-44){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "Results of precision testing comparing the i-STAT and ARCHITECT are shown in [Table 2](#t2-wjem-11-44){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "For the i-STAT, run-to-run precision (%CV) for the low level (mean=122 pg/mL) was 14% and for the high level (mean=3274 pg/mL) 9.8%. ", "Within-run precision on the i-STAT analyzer for the low level was 17% and for the high level 19%. ", "For the ARCHITECT instrument, run-to-run precision (%CV) for the low level (mean=99 pg/mL) was 5.5% and for the high level (mean=3428 pg/mL) 3.2%. ", "Within-run precision using the ARCHITECT instrument for the low level was 1.8% and 5.7% for the high level.", "\n\nTo determine the accuracy of the BNP i-STAT analyzer, we compared results with those obtained on the ARCHITECT. ", "The range of BNP values obtained on patients for the i-STAT and ARCHITECT was 5 -- 5000 pg/mL. Correlations between plasma measurements made with i-STAT and those made with ARCHITECT are shown in [Figure 1](#f1-wjem-11-44){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "Linear regression between the i-STAT and the reference system showed r=0.977 (p\\<.0001).", "\n\nIn [Figure 2](#f2-wjem-11-44){ref-type=\"fig\"}, a difference bias plot for the total sample population was constructed according to Bland and Altman.[@b9-wjem-11-44] The average bias was −36.01 with significant concentration-dependent differences at higher BNP values.", "\n\nDISCUSSION\n==========\n\nIn this study we evaluated the performance of a handheld POC BNP analyzer against a standard lab-based model. ", "In terms of correlation with the laboratory analyzer, the i-STAT analyzer performed remarkably well with a cumulative correlation of 0.977 for the entire cohort. ", "However, the precision of the i-STAT was poor as compared with the ARCHITECT system.", "\n\nPOC testing for BNP, similar to use of troponins in ACS, is a logical progression in the treatment and risk stratification of patients with HF; however, the i-STAT, with its unique strengths (decreased therapeutic turnaround time, rapid data availability, accuracy) and weaknesses (precision, handling error, cost), proves to be most useful in the emergent setting as a bridge to the inpatient stay and subsequent lab-based analyses. ", "The main weakness of the i-STAT BNP, like other POC systems, is its lack of precision. ", "From the emergency physician's (EP) perspective, knowledge of the BNP upon presentation is important in guiding treatment plan. ", "The positive predictive value of BNP at 100 pg/mL is 75% and 86% at 400 pg/mL.[@b5-wjem-11-44] In addition, a presenting BNP value of below 200 pg/mL is an excellent predictor of 90-day prognosis.[@b8-wjem-11-44] While a BNP value of over 480 pg/mL was a strong predictor of 6-month CHF death, hospital readmission, or repeat ED visits.[@b9-wjem-11-44] Therefore, knowledge of a specific BNP value (not just a \"rule-in\" vs. \"rule-out\" value) is useful to the EP in directing treatment of a patient presenting with CHF exacerbation. ", "The average bias of −36.01 pg/mL and the relatively poor precision of the i-STAT analyzer has to be taken into account when considering implementation of the device, because the difference in precision does make a clinical difference in managing a patient with CHF exacerbation.", "\n\nThe strength of the i-STAT BNP complements the current evolution of the treatment and management of HF as a disease. ", "Once thought to be simply a hemodynamic instability where a patient was either \"in\" HF or \"out of\" HF, there is now a greater appreciation for the progressive nature of the disease. ", "Recognizing that remodeling of the heart is constant and gradated means treatment no longer focuses solely on the hemodynamics (diuretics and digitalis) but also includes attention to the heart as a dynamic neuroendocrine organ (ACE inhibitors).[@b12-wjem-11-44] The need for a rapid POC system to evaluate BNP in HF patients is two-fold: rapidity and integration into HF management.", "\n\nWhile the ARCHITECT instrument takes less than 16 minutes to analyze BNP values, turnaround times of results generally less than one hour due to specimen-processing and transportation issues. ", "The i-STAT analyzer takes only 10 minutes and can be readily available in the ED. ", "Early assessment of the degree of hemodynamic compromise (measured indirectly with BNP) allows physicians to make the appropriate medical interventions necessary to minimize damage to the heart. ", "A rapidly obtained BNP value could prove useful in the ED setting or in the clinic setting, for ruling in/out HF. ", "Furthermore, previous studies have shown that shortened times to BNP evaluation in the emergent setting resulted in quicker treatment initiation and shorter hospital stays.[@b3-wjem-11-44]\n\nCost analysis is another factor to be considered when contrasting the i-STAT analyzer with the ARCHITECT instrument. ", "Studies have shown that the cost of using POC testing over central laboratory can increase costs 1.1 to 4.6 times.[@b13-wjem-11-44] The ability to gain a rapid BNP value in the emergent setting would most likely come at a higher cost than continuous use of a central laboratory. ", "However, the i-STAT analyzer, providing a more rapid result, would lead to shorter hospital stays which would reduce costs for the institution.[@b3-wjem-11-44] Fiscal considerations should be urged before erroneously implementing this platform into a hospital setting.", "\n\nLIMITATIONS\n===========\n\nThe study population was drawn from the Veterans Affairs Medical Center and was 96% male. ", "Thus, these results need to be confirmed in a non-Veterans Affairs population and with women. ", "In addition, the analyses were not performed in real time. ", "Samples were frozen and batch-run, so the study can be considered \"in-vitro.\" ", "However, the strength of the i-STAT remains valuable to the EP in the event of an emergent presentation.", "\n\nCONCLUSION\n==========\n\nPrevious POC systems correlate poorly with the lab-based instruments, making it difficult for the physician to interpret and track changes in the BNP levels from ED presentation throughout the hospital stay.[@b14-wjem-11-44] In contrast, the i-STAT BNP test utilizes the same antibody as the ARCHITECT BNP assay and, consequently, demonstrates reasonable agreement between the two methods. ", "This provides essential continuity in tracking BNP changes throughout the hospital stay and could allow for accurate charting of a patient's response to therapy. ", "The emerging technology of a rapid POC BNP assay allows physicians to rapidly triage patients and may allow physicians to initiate treatment more rapidly. ", "This could potentially reduce medical costs and total cardiovascular events. ", "Although the i-STAT lacks precision, it could serve as a practical tool in the clinic setting and emergent setting for acquiring a rapid initial BNP value for managing patients.", "\n\nThe authors are indebted to the efforts of the hospital staff at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in San Diego, CA. ", "Funding and support was provided by Abbott Laboratories, Inc.\n\n*Conflicts of Interest:* By the *West*JEM article submission agreement, all authors are required to disclose all affiliations, funding sources, and financial or management relationships that could be perceived as potential sources of bias. ", "The following financial disclosures are related to Abbott Laboratories: Alan S. Maisel, MD --received research support.", "\n\n*Supervising Section Editor*: Jeffrey Sankoff, MD\n\nReprints available through open access at <http://escholarship.org/uc/uciem_westjem>\n\n{#f1-wjem-11-44}\n\n{#f2-wjem-11-44}\n\n###### \n\nDemographics and lab values\n\n **Number (n=114)** **Percent**\n ---------------------------------- -------------------- -------------\n **Age** 63.7 ± 11.8 \n **Sex** \n Male 110 96 %\n Female 4 4 %\n **Race** \n Caucasian 75 67 %\n African American 19 17 %\n American Indian / Alaskan Native 4 4 %\n Asian / Pacific Islander 3 3 %\n Hispanic 9 8 %\n Other/Unknown 4 4 %\n **Past Medical History** \n CHF 96 84 %\n CAD 64 56 %\n HTN 86 75 %\n **CHF Etiology** \n Alcohol 8 7 %\n Cocaine 3 3 %\n Hypertensive 6 5 %\n Hypertropic 2 2 %\n Idiopathic 6 5 %\n Ischemic 47 41 %\n Myocarditis 1 1 %\n Valvular 6 5 %\n Other/Unknown 17 15 %\n \n **Admission Labs** **Average** **Range**\n \n BNP pg/mL 319 12--4560\n Sodium mEq/L 139 127--145\n Glucose mg/dL 107 60--390\n BUN mg/dL 22.5 5--125\n Creatinine mg/dL 1.3 0.7--20\n WBC × 10^3^/μL 7.3 2.3--56\n Hemoglobin g/dL 12.9 8--124\n Platelets × 10^3^/μL 206 12--559\n\n*CHF*, congestive heart failure; *CAD*, coronary artery disease; *HTN*, hypertension; *BNP*, B-type natriuretic peptide; *BUN*, blood urea nitrogen; *WBC*, white blood count.", "\n\n###### \n\nWithin-run and Run-to-run Precision of i-STAT and ARCHITECT\n\n **Within-run** **Run-to-run** \n ----------- ---------------- ---------------- ------ ------ ------------ ------\n N Mean pg/mL CV % N Mean pg/mL CV %\n \n i-STAT 15 122 17 30 122 14\n 15 3275 19 30 3275 9.8 \n ARCHITECT 15 99 1.8 20 99 5.5\n 15 3428 5.7 20 3428 3.2 \n\n*CV%*, run-to-run precision.", "\n" ]

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[ "Dance medicine of the foot and ankle: a review.", "\nAll forms of dance are highly demanding activities, with a lifetime injury incidence of up to 90%. ", "Most dance types are stressful, particularly on the dancer's forefoot, but certainly there is no area of the foot or ankle that is exempt from potential injury. ", "Dancers often have unusual difficulties related to the dynamic biomechanical forces required by their individual dance form. ", "A thorough understanding of these movements guides the physician to the cause of the injury, particularly in understanding specific overuse injuries. ", "This article discusses biomechanics of the foot and the imaging and treatment of dance-related injuries." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMore rigorous method for this elementary problem?", "\n\nThe problem is:\n\nFind all real values of $x$ such that $$(5+2\\sqrt{6})^x+(5-2\\sqrt{6})^x=2\\sqrt{3}$$\n\nOne solution I received was as follows:\n\n$5+2\\sqrt{6}$ can be expressed as $(\\sqrt{3}+\\sqrt{2})^2$, and $5-2\\sqrt{6}$ as $(\\sqrt{3}-\\sqrt{2})^2$. This means we want to solve $$(\\sqrt{3}+\\sqrt{2})^{2x}+(\\sqrt{3}-\\sqrt{2})^{2x}=2\\sqrt{3}$$\n for $x$. Note that $$(\\sqrt{3}+\\sqrt{2})+(\\sqrt{3}-\\sqrt{2})=2\\sqrt{3}$$\n so $x=\\dfrac{1}{2}$ is a solution.", "\n\nThe problem with the solution is that it doesn't prove that $\\dfrac{1}{2}$ is the only solution, not to mention its absolute inelegancy. ", "Is there a more mathematically rigorous way of doing this?", "\nI don't mind if higher algebra is used. ", "I'm currently attempting to self-teach myself group theory, so including some of that in a solution would do me good. ", "\n\nA:\n\nHint: $5+2\\sqrt{6} = \\dfrac{1}{5-2\\sqrt{6}}$\n\n" ]

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[ "All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.", "\n\nIntroduction {#sec001}\n============\n\nPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can affect the development of embryo and cause a wide variety of birth defects and neuronal disorders. ", "An umbrella term for the continuum of the variable effects of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). ", "The most severe form of FASD is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is diagnosed by growth retardation, specific craniofacial abnormalities and functional or structural changes in central nervous system \\[[@pone.0197461.ref001]\\]. ", "PAE is a leading cause of nongenetic mental retardation and birth defects in the Western world and the prevalence of FASD is estimated to range from 3 to 5% in Europe and North America to over 10% in South Africa \\[[@pone.0197461.ref002]\\].", "\n\nThe molecular mechanisms of PAE have been under extensive research, and the epigenetic variation induced in utero is a strong candidate mediator \\[[@pone.0197461.ref003]--[@pone.0197461.ref005]\\]. ", "Previously, we have developed a mouse model of early PAE, based on maternal *ad libitum* ingestion of 10% (v/v) alcohol and took advantage of a mouse strain C57BL/6, which has a strong drinking preference for 10% alcohol \\[[@pone.0197461.ref006],[@pone.0197461.ref007]\\]. ", "The period of this moderate and chronic alcohol exposure is the first eight days of pregnancy (GD 0.5--8.5), from preimplantation to the beginning of neurulation. ", "This is developmentally equivalent to the first three-four weeks of human pregnancy. ", "By using this mouse model, we demonstrated for the first time that PAE could affect adult phenotype by altering the epigenotype of the early mouse embryo \\[[@pone.0197461.ref003]\\]. ", "We discovered that alcohol exposure increases DNA methylation and probability of transcriptional silencing of an epigenetically sensitive allele *Agouti viable yellow* (*A*^*vy*^) \\[[@pone.0197461.ref003]\\] as well as changes the expression of several genes in liver \\[[@pone.0197461.ref008]\\] and hippocampi \\[[@pone.0197461.ref009]\\] of the offspring. ", "The phenotype of the offspring was reminiscent of human FAS with craniofacial dysmorphology, postnatal growth restriction \\[[@pone.0197461.ref003],[@pone.0197461.ref008]\\], and both structural \\[[@pone.0197461.ref009]\\] and functional \\[[@pone.0197461.ref010]\\] changes in the nervous system. ", "Despite of postnatal growth restriction observed in this mouse model, prenatal growth restriction has not been detected in 16.5 embryonic days old (E16.5) embryos in our previous study \\[[@pone.0197461.ref008]\\]. ", "However, owing to the relatively moderate alcohol exposure and subtle postnatal growth restriction in this model as well as prenatal growth restriction detected in previous mouse models with early and acute high-level alcohol-exposure \\[[@pone.0197461.ref011],[@pone.0197461.ref012]\\], we cannot exclude the effect of early PAE on the regulation of growth.", "\n\nDue to growth-restricted phenotype associated with PAE in both mouse and human, we focused on imprinted genes in this study. ", "Imprinted genes are expressed actively in placenta and embryo, and they are important regulators of normal development \\[[@pone.0197461.ref013]\\]. ", "They are epigenetically regulated by specific regulatory elements known as imprinting control regions (ICRs) or differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and organized in clusters containing both maternally and paternally expressed genes. ", "One of the best-characterized imprinted domain is the *Insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2)*/*H19* locus on the distal mouse chromosome 7q ([Fig 1](#pone.0197461.g001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "ICR in this locus controls the mono-allelic expression of the growth promoter gene *Igf2* \\[[@pone.0197461.ref014]\\] and negative growth controller *H19* \\[[@pone.0197461.ref015]\\]. ", "Mouse ICR contains four binding sites for the methylation-sensitive zing-finger proteins, CCCTC-binding factors (CTCFs), which act as insulator when they bind on the hypomethylated maternal allele and promotes the *H19* expression. ", "By contrast, *Igf2* is expressed on the methylated paternal allele in which the *H19* is repressed \\[[@pone.0197461.ref016]\\]. ", "Furthermore, paternally expressed *Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide N* (*Snrpn*) \\[[@pone.0197461.ref017]\\] and *Paternally expressed gene 3* (*Peg3)* \\[[@pone.0197461.ref018]\\], both on proximal mouse chromosome 7, have been associated with growth ([Fig 1](#pone.0197461.g001){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#pone.0197461.g001}\n\nIn addition to environmental factors like maternal dietary restriction \\[[@pone.0197461.ref019]\\] or dietary compounds such as folate in human \\[[@pone.0197461.ref020]\\] and bisphenol A exposure in mouse \\[[@pone.0197461.ref021]\\], also PAE has been reported to affect the DNA methylation level of imprinted genes. ", "An acute alcohol exposure during preimplantation period in mice decreased the weight of both E10.5 embryos and placentas, but the altered DNA methylation at the *H19* ICR was observed only in placentas \\[[@pone.0197461.ref012]\\]. ", "Also, in both mouse \\[[@pone.0197461.ref004],[@pone.0197461.ref022]\\] and human \\[[@pone.0197461.ref023]\\] genome-wide methylation studies PAE has been associated with methylation changes at the *H19*. ", "Furthermore, in our previous study we observed genotype-specific decreased DNA methylation level at the *H19* ICR in the *IGF2/H19* locus in placentas of PAE newborns. ", "A single nucleotide polymorphism rs10732516 in the sixth binding site for CTCF protein associated with the alcohol-induced alterations in DNA methylation profiles and head circumference in a parent-of-origin manner \\[[@pone.0197461.ref005]\\].", "\n\nIn this study, we used our mouse model to explore the effects of early PAE on the DNA methylation level and gene expression of four imprinted genes: *Insulin-like growth factor 2* (*Igf2*), *H19*, *Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide N* (*Snrpn*) and *Paternally expressed gene 3* (*Peg3*). ", "We hypothesized that early, moderate PAE can change the developmental programming of growth in the beginning of embryonic development and that the programming can be detected as a growth-restricted phenotype in adolescent offspring. ", "We examined potential alcohol-induced changes in DNA methylation at the *Igf2/H19* ICR (binding sites CTCF1 and CTCF2), *Igf2* DMR1, *Snrpn* ICR and *Peg3* ICR in E9.5 embryos and placentas. ", "Alcohol-induced alterations in expression of these four imprinted genes were analyzed in E9.5 embryos and placentas. ", "Furthermore, E16.5 placentas were analyzed to assess the stability of potential alcohol-induced expression changes. ", "To determine alcohol-induced alterations in the global methylation level in placenta, we examined also DNA methylation at the long interspersed nuclear elements (Line-1) in the alcohol-exposed and control E9.5 placentas.", "\n\nMaterial and methods {#sec002}\n====================\n\nMouse model {#sec003}\n-----------\n\nAll the animals were handled and maintained with good animal practice according to the instructions, orders and ethical principles of EU-directive (European Union: 2010/63/EU, 2007/526/EY). ", "All animal work was approved by the Animal Experiment Board in Finland (ESAVI/3312/04.10.03/2011, ESAVI/976/04.10.07/2013).", "\n\nThe mice in this study were inbred, genetically identical, C57BL/6J Rcc strain (Harlan, Netherlands). ", "The experiments were performed in an animal house, where all environmental factors were standardized. ", "The females (8--10 weeks old) were caged with males and the day of plugging was designated gestational day (GD) 0.5. ", "The male was removed from the cage and the water bottle was replaced with a bottle containing 10% (v/v) alcohol. ", "Strain C57BL/6J has a strong drinking preference for 10% alcohol \\[[@pone.0197461.ref007]\\] and voluntary maternal consumption strategy was used to decrease maternal stress. ", "Alcohol and food were freely available for the first eight days of gestation. ", "Alcohol was changed and consumption was measured every 24 hours. ", "The average daily consumption of 10% alcohol during GD 0.5--8.5 was 3.5±0.5 (mean±SD) ml/mouse/day (or 17.1g±1.8g alcohol/kg body weight/day). ", "In female mice, the consumption of 10% (w/v) alcohol at 14 g ethanol/kg body weight/day produces an average peak blood alcohol level of \\~120mg/dl \\[[@pone.0197461.ref024]\\]. ", "Blood alcohol level of 0.12% is a realistic human exposure of alcohol, which makes this a plausible model to study the effects of chronic and moderate alcohol exposure. ", "Alcohol bottle was replaced with a tap water bottle on the final day of exposure (GD 8.5). ", "Tap water and food were freely available for control females through the whole procedure.", "\n\nAt embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) or 16.5 (E16.5) dams were sacrificed by carbon dioxide followed by cervical dislocation. ", "At E9.5 both embryos and placentas, and at E16.5 only placentas were dissected carefully removing maternal decidua. ", "All the samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C.", "\n\nDNA methylation analysis {#sec004}\n------------------------\n\nMethylation analysis was done for five control and five alcohol-exposed E9.5 embryos and placentas. ", "Both the embryo and placenta were studied from the same individual, except one control and one alcohol-exposed sample were from different origin. ", "The samples in both control and alcohol-exposed groups were from two or three litters.", "\n\nGenomic DNA was extracted by traditional phenol-chloroform protocol or by Allprep DNA/RNA/miRNA kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA). ", "Sodium bisulphite conversion of extracted DNA (1000 ng) was carried out using the EZ methylation kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA). ", "Three PCR reactions were performed for each sample by using the HotStar PCR kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) or PCR enzyme optimized for EpiTYPER (Seqenom) in a 10 μl reactions according to the provider's instructions.", "\n\nMassARRAY EpiTYPER (SEQUENOM Inc.) technique, based on matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, was used to detect alcohol-induced changes in the methylation level of the imprinted genes. ", "Amplicons were designed for the sequences in the imprinting control region or the differentially methylated region of the studied imprinted genes *Igf2*, *H19*, *Snrpn and Peg3*: *Igf2/H19* ICR (CTCF1/CTCF2) (chromosome 7: 142581736--142582112; GRCm38.p3), *Igf2* DMR1 (chromosome 7: 142665293--142665635; GRCm38.p3), *Snrpn* ICR (chromosome 7: 60004981--60005282; GRCm38.p3) and *Peg3* ICR (chromosome 7: 6729388--6729644; GRCm38.p3). ", "All the primer sequences for imprinted genes were designed with EpiDesigner software (SEQUENOM: <http://www.epidesigner.com/>; T-reaction). ", "Primers for Line-1 was chosen from previous study \\[[@pone.0197461.ref025]\\]. ", "The EpiTYPER analysis was done in triplicates for amplicons: *Igf2* DMR1, *Peg3* and Line-1, and the three PCR products were pooled for amplicons *Igf2/H19* ICR and *Snrpn*. ", "A strict quality control was performed prior to analysis. ", "All CpG-units that expressed too low, high mass or silent peak overlap of the units, were discarded. ", "CpG-units, unable to analyze separately due to their close location, were analyzed together as a mean methylation value. ", "Furthermore, technical replicates showing \\> 5% difference from the median value were discarded and only two successful replicates were analyzed.", "\n\nExpression study by quantitative PCR {#sec005}\n------------------------------------\n\nQuantitative PCR was used to study the alcohol-induced effects on expression of imprinted genes *Igf2*, *H19*, *Snrpn* and *Peg3* in embryos (E9.5) and placentas (E9.5 and E16.5). ", "Expression analysis was done for 10 control and 10 alcohol-exposed samples. ", "Four different litters (in both control and alcohol-exposed groups) were used in E9.5 samples, whereas two litters (controls) or four litters (alcohol-exposed) were used in E16.5 samples.", "\n\nTotal RNA was extracted by Allprep DNA/RNA Mini kit (kit_1) (8 E9.5 embryos and placentas, E16.5 placentas: 4 ethanol-exposed and 4 controls) or Allprep DNA/RNA/miRNA kit (kit_2) (12 E9.5 embryos and placentas, E16.5 placentas: 6 ethanol-exposed and 6 controls) (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA). ", "RNA was DNAse treated (RQ1 RNase-Free DNase, Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and transcribed to cDNA by using the iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). ", "The qPCR reaction conditions were as specified by SYBR^®^ Green PCR Master Mix according to the manufacturer's protocol (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). ", "Primers for *Igf2* \\[[@pone.0197461.ref026]\\], *H19* \\[[@pone.0197461.ref027]\\], *Snrpn* \\[[@pone.0197461.ref028]\\] and *Peg3* \\[[@pone.0197461.ref029]\\] were chosen from previous studies. ", "Housekeeping gene *Ribosomal protein*, *large*, *P0* (*Rplp0*) was used as a reference gene ([S1 Fig](#pone.0197461.s001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}) \\[[@pone.0197461.ref030]\\]. ", "Samples were analyzed in triplicates and the individual samples (both control and alcohol-exposed) were normalized by adding one same control sample on each plate. ", "If the Ct-value was \\<0.5 between the triplicates, all of them were accepted for further analysis. ", "The relative expression of studied genes was obtained by normalizing the Ct-values of the gene of interest to the Ct-values of housekeeping gene *Rplp0*. ", "According to the Livak and Schmittgen method, the control samples were used as a calibrator to alcohol-exposed samples to calculate the ΔΔCt and fold changes were calculated as 2\\^(-ΔΔCt) \\[[@pone.0197461.ref031]\\]. ", "To assure the effectiveness and reliability of each qPCR plate, a standard curve was added.", "\n\nTo rule out the possible contamination of the maternal decidua in placentas prior to expression studies, the expressions of *Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2* (*Tfpi2*) and *Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3* (*Ampd3)* genes were examined by qPCR as described in Okae et al. ", "2012 \\[[@pone.0197461.ref032]\\]. ", "These genes show a high expression in the placental cells of maternal side. ", "This examination was done for four E16.5 placentas. ", "Two placentas without maternal decidua were compared to two placentas with maternal decidua ([S2 Fig](#pone.0197461.s002){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).", "\n\nSex determination {#sec006}\n-----------------\n\nThe sex of the embryos was determined from DNA with *Sex-determining region Y* (*Sry*) and *Interleukin 3* (*Il3*) genes by PCR \\[[@pone.0197461.ref033]\\]. ", "Primers of *Sry* bind to Y-chromosome specific *Sry* gene, naturally observed in males. *", "Il3* gene is used as a control to the reaction, since it is found from both sexes. ", "PCR was done by using AmpliTaq Gold^®^ DNA polymerase kit, according to the manufacturer's protocol (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). ", "Both primer pairs (*Sry*, *Il3*) were included to a single reaction. ", "This way two PCR products were visible for male embryos (*Sry*, *Il3*) and one for females (*Il3*).", "\n\nDetails regarding the primers and protocols of DNA methylation, gene expression and sex determination studies are found in supplementary material ([S1 Table](#pone.0197461.s003){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).", "\n\nStatistical analysis {#sec007}\n--------------------\n\nStatistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 24. ", "All data is expressed as the means ± standard deviation for a normal distribution. ", "Normality of the data was tested with Shapiro-Wilk's test. ", "Potential outliers were tested with Grubb's test. ", "To compare methylation level of single CpG sites in studied regions between alcohol-exposed and control samples, multivariate Hotelling's T\\^2 test was used. ", "In expression analysis, to eliminate the possible interaction effect caused by the two different RNA extraction kits, two-way ANOVA was used. ", "If interaction was detected, differences between two groups were compared by two-way Student's t-test.", "\n\nResults {#sec008}\n=======\n\nMethylation analysis {#sec009}\n--------------------\n\nTo explore alcohol-induced changes in the differentially methylated regions (DMR) or imprinting control regions (ICR) of the candidate genes we used the EpiTYPER method. ", "However, no significant DNA methylation changes were observed between alcohol-exposed and control E9.5 embryos or placentas in any of the studied regions: *Igf2/H19* ICR, *Igf2* DMR1, *Snrpn* ICR, *Peg3* ICR ([Fig 2](#pone.0197461.g002){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [S2](#pone.0197461.s004){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} and [S3](#pone.0197461.s005){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} Tables).", "\n\n{#pone.0197461.g002}\n\nWe also examined DNA methylation at the long interspersed nuclear elements (Line-1) in the alcohol-exposed and control E9.5 placentas to determine alcohol-induced alterations in the global methylation level. ", "However, no significant methylation changes were observed ([Fig 2E](#pone.0197461.g002){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nExpression analysis {#sec010}\n-------------------\n\nWe used quantitative PCR method to observe potential expression differences in imprinted genes *H19*, *Igf2*, *Snrpn* and *Peg3* between ethanol-exposed and control embryos and placentas ([Fig 3](#pone.0197461.g003){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [S4 Table](#pone.0197461.s006){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ", "Since two different RNA extraction methods were used in the study (see [materials and methods](#sec002){ref-type=\"sec\"}), we eliminated the possible interaction effect of the extraction kit by using a two-way ANOVA. ", "Two outliers (E9.5 ethanol-exposed embryo and E9.5 control placenta) were excluded from the data.", "\n\n{#pone.0197461.g003}\n\n### E9.5 embryos {#sec011}\n\nWe observed up-regulated gene expression of *H19* and *Snrpn* in E9.5 embryos. ", "However, since there was an interaction effect with the extraction kit (F~1,14~ = 11.9, p = 0.004; F~1,14~ = 8.5, p = 0.01, respectively), we divided the samples into two groups according to the kit. ", "A significant difference between alcohol-exposed and control samples was detected only in the group of extraction kit_1 (*H19*: p\\<0.001; *Snrpn*: p = 0.002, two-tailed Student's t-test) ([Fig 3A](#pone.0197461.g003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "No difference in *Igf2* (F~1,15~ = 0.14, p = 0.7) or *Peg3* (F~1,15~ = 0.08, p = 0.8) expression between the alcohol-exposed and control samples was detected. ", "Only *Peg3* had a significant difference between the extraction methods (*Peg3*: F~1,15~ = 28.3, p\\<0.001; *Igf2*: F~1,15~ = 4.2, p = 0.06), although the interaction effect was not significant (*Peg3*: F~1,15~ = 1.3, p = 0.3) ([Fig 3A](#pone.0197461.g003){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n### E9.5 placentas {#sec012}\n\nIn addition to embryos, we explored alcohol-induced expression changes in the placental tissue. ", "Even though we detected minor expression changes in all studied genes, the difference between alcohol-exposed and control samples was not significant (*Igf2*: F~1,15~ = 4.1, p = 0.06; *H19*: F~1,14~ = 0.9, p = 0.4; *Snrpn*: F~1,14~ = 1.8, p = 0.2; *Peg3*: F~1,15~ = 2.1, p = 0.2) ([Fig 3B](#pone.0197461.g003){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nThere were no differences between the extraction methods in *H19* (F~1,14~ = 1.1, p = 0.3), but significant differences were detected in *Igf2*, *Snrpn* and *Peg3* (F~1,15~ = 12.2, p = 0.003; F~1,14~ = 14.2, p = 0.002; F~1,15~ = 11.9, p = 0.004, respectively). ", "However, the interaction effects were not significant (F~1,15~ = 0.09, p = 0.7; F~1,14~ = 0.7, p = 0.4; F~1,15~ = 0.6, p = 0.5, respectively).", "\n\n### E16.5 placentas {#sec013}\n\nTo see if the observed expression changes in the E9.5 placentas are stable throughout the pregnancy, we explored the gene expression of the same genes in E16.5 placentas as well. ", "Similarly, as in E9.5 placentas, *H19* and *Igf2* expression remained decreased in the alcohol-exposed E16.5 placentas compared to controls (F~1,15~ = 9.8, p = 0.007; F~1,15~ = 5.2, p = 0.04, respectively) ([Fig 3C](#pone.0197461.g003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Interestingly, *Snrpn* expression was decreased in the alcohol-exposed E16.5 placentas (F~1,15~ = 1.6, p = 0.2), which is in contrast to the E9.5 embryos and E9.5 placentas, in which the expression was increased. ", "Similarly, as in E9.5 embryos and E9.5 placentas, *Peg3* did not show expression change in the alcohol-exposed E16.5 placentas compared to controls (F~1,15~ = 0.3, p = 0.6).", "\n\nDespite the differences in *Igf2*, *H19*, and *Snrpn* between the two extraction methods (F~1,15~ = 53.5, p\\<0.001; F~1,15~ = 135.2, p\\<0.001; F~1,15~ = 23.4, p\\<0.001, respectively), there were no interaction effects (F~1,15~ = 1.5, p = 0.2; F~1,15~ = 0.1, p = 0.7; F~1,15~ = 0.003, p = 0.96, respectively). ", "There was no difference in *Peg3* between the extraction methods (F~1,15~ = 0.6, p = 0.5).", "\n\n### *H19/Igf2* expression ratio in each embryo and placenta {#sec014}\n\nIn previous studies, it has been shown that hypermethylation at *H19* ICR in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with fetal over-growth leads to overexpression of *IGF2* and downregulation of *H19*, and conversely, hypomethylation of *H19* ICR in Silver-Russell syndrome with growth restriction leads to downregulation of *IGF2* and biallelic expression of *H19* \\[[@pone.0197461.ref034],[@pone.0197461.ref035]\\]. ", "In addition, in our previous human study, we observed significantly increased expression of *H19* in relation to *IGF2* when comparing all alcohol-exposed placentas to unexposed controls \\[[@pone.0197461.ref005]\\]. ", "Therefore, we decided to explore if prenatal alcohol exposure has affected the DNA methylation level of the locus and consequently the regulation of *Igf2* and *H19*. ", "We calculated the expression ratios of *H19* and *Igf2* in each mouse embryo and placenta and observed that *H19* expression was not increased in relation to *Igf2* in alcohol-exposed embryos or placentas in this study.", "\n\nEffects of sex {#sec015}\n--------------\n\nSince previous studies have shown that environmental factors can affect DNA methylation as well as gene expression in a sex-specific manner \\[[@pone.0197461.ref036],[@pone.0197461.ref037]\\], we also explored sex-specific effects. ", "Owing to the small sample size in DNA methylation analysis, we did not explore sex-specific effects on methylation level. ", "We calculated possible sex-specific effects on gene expression in alcohol-exposed samples, however, no differences between males and females were observed ([S5 Table](#pone.0197461.s007){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).", "\n\nDiscussion {#sec016}\n==========\n\nGrowth restriction is one of the major consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). ", "Owing to the prenatal growth restriction observed in previous mouse models with early, acute PAE \\[[@pone.0197461.ref011],[@pone.0197461.ref012]\\], as well as alcohol-induced postnatal growth restriction in our mouse model of moderate and chronic PAE, we focused on growth-related imprinted genes in this study. *", "Igf2/H19* locus is one of the most well characterized imprinted region and crucial for normal growth of both embryo and placenta. ", "We explored alcohol-induced alterations in DNA methylation levels of two CTCF binding sites, CTCF1 and CTCF2, in E9.5 embryos and placentas. ", "However, we did not observe differences between control and alcohol-exposed samples. ", "Although previous mouse studies have shown decreased methylation level at the *H19* ICR in placenta \\[[@pone.0197461.ref012]\\], as well as in the brain \\[[@pone.0197461.ref004],[@pone.0197461.ref038]\\] and sperm \\[[@pone.0197461.ref038]\\] of *in utero* exposed offspring, the results have not been consistent in human studies. ", "PAE associated decreased methylation at the *H19* has been observed in buccal epithelial cells of Canadian FASD children \\[[@pone.0197461.ref023]\\], but neither in blood samples of South African FAS children \\[[@pone.0197461.ref036]\\] nor in cord blood of newborns in six general population based cohorts \\[[@pone.0197461.ref039]\\]. ", "In addition to different doses, timing and the length of exposure periods in experiments, the explanation for variability of findings could be tissue-specificity of changes: similar altered methylation has not been detected in alcohol-exposed placentas and embryos in the same study \\[[@pone.0197461.ref012]\\].", "\n\nIn our previous human study, a polymorphism rs10732516 G/A in the sixth binding site for CTCF protein associated with the alcohol-induced alterations in DNA methylation level in a parent-of-origin manner \\[[@pone.0197461.ref005]\\]. ", "We observed decreased placental methylation level in the paternal allele only in paternal A and maternal G (patA/matG) genotype of the two studied heterozygous genotypes. ", "In addition to methylation, also genotype-specific differences in placental gene expression and phenotype of exposed newborns were observed \\[[@pone.0197461.ref005]\\], which makes the comparisons between human and mouse studies difficult. ", "Nevertheless, as in G/G and patA/matG genotypes in the alcohol-exposed human placentas, a similar trend of decreased *Igf2* expression was detected in alcohol-exposed mouse E9.5 and E16.5 placentas in this study, which have also been seen after acute alcohol exposure during the GD9 in both embryo and placenta \\[[@pone.0197461.ref040]\\]. ", "We could speculate that because allele A deletes a CpG site for a methyl group at the human *H19* ICR, the G/G could be the original genotype and the most comparable to the mouse study.", "\n\nThe expression of a negative growth controller *H19* was increased in alcohol-exposed embryos when comparing to controls, which could explain the growth restricted phenotype of offspring. ", "The precise biological role of *H19* is unknown, but it has been suggested that mir-675 encoded by *H19*, has a role in restricting growth or cell proliferation by downregulating *Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor* expression \\[[@pone.0197461.ref041],[@pone.0197461.ref042]\\]. ", "However, the expression level of mir-675 was not measured in this study. ", "By contrast, a trend of decreased *H19* expression was observed in alcohol-exposed E9.5 and E16.5 placentas, which is not consistent with the slightly increased *H19* expression of G/G genotype in our human placentas \\[[@pone.0197461.ref005]\\]. ", "Furthermore, *H19/Igf2* ratio in alcohol-exposed placentas or embryos was not altered in this mouse study, whereas it was significantly increased in our human study. ", "The reason could be a moderate alcohol-exposure in this mouse model compared to our human samples, the timing of exposure, too small sample size to detect subtle changes or differences in the effects of PAE on the regulation of *IGF/H19* locus between mouse and human.", "\n\nThe decreased expression of maternally imprinted *Snrpn* has been linked to the imprinting disorder, Prader-Willi syndrome \\[[@pone.0197461.ref043]\\]. ", "Typical characteristics of this syndrome are mild intellectual disability, low birth weight as well as behavioral and learning problems \\[[@pone.0197461.ref017]\\], which are features observed also in FASD children. ", "We did not detected changes in methylation level at the *Snrpn* ICR, which is consistent with an earlier study, where low dose of alcohol administration did not affect the *Snrpn* ICR methylation profile in any tissue in mouse \\[[@pone.0197461.ref038]\\]. ", "However, we saw a significantly increased *Snrpn* expression in alcohol-exposed E9.5 embryos compared to controls. ", "Interestingly, similar result has been shown before, when consequences of paternal alcohol exposure has been studied: exposure of male mice to high dose of ethanol decreases methylation level at *Snrpn* ICR and increases the *Snrpn* expression in the cerebral cortex of F1 offspring \\[[@pone.0197461.ref044]\\].", "\n\n*Paternally expressed gene 3* is highly expressed in hypothalamus, which is involved in control of maternal-caring behaviors and milk provision. ", "Altered expression has been associated with defects in milk-suckling behaviors and consequently weaker mouse offspring due to insufficient uptake of milk \\[[@pone.0197461.ref045],[@pone.0197461.ref046]\\] as well as growth restriction \\[[@pone.0197461.ref047]\\]. ", "However, in our mouse study we did not detect altered *Peg3* expression in alcohol-exposed embryos or placentas. ", "In the South African FAS study the methylation level of *Peg3* ICR was significantly decreased in the blood samples of FAS children compared to controls \\[[@pone.0197461.ref036]\\]. ", "However, we did not observe any changes in methylation levels at the *Peg3* ICR, which is consistent with the study by Stouder and colleagues (2011) \\[[@pone.0197461.ref038]\\].", "\n\nAs a conclusion, we did not observe any PAE associated changes in DNA methylation levels of imprinted genes in this mouse model. ", "Since alcohol can cause allele-specific methylation changes in imprinted regions \\[[@pone.0197461.ref005],[@pone.0197461.ref012]\\], MassARRAY EpiTYPER, which measures total methylation level, could be too robust method to detect such alterations. ", "By using traditional bisulfite sequencing and two different mouse strains it could be possible to see small allele-specific methylation changes in the candidate sequences. ", "The moderate alcohol exposure in this model causes highly variable phenotype for the offspring and thus also a larger sample size is probably needed to reveal subtle changes in methylation level. ", "Or perhaps this early exposure is incapable to change this specific level of epigenetic regulation in these particular regions we analyzed. ", "Although earlier studies have shown that several environmental exposures like PAE \\[[@pone.0197461.ref004],[@pone.0197461.ref005],[@pone.0197461.ref012],[@pone.0197461.ref023]\\], in vitro fertilization \\[[@pone.0197461.ref048]\\], \\[[@pone.0197461.ref049]\\] and nutrition \\[[@pone.0197461.ref050]\\] can affect the methylation level of ICRs, these specific regions could be more resistant to environmental factors compared to DMRs. ", "The methylation of ICRs is established already in germline and protected from dynamic epigenetic reprogramming after fertilization by several factors \\[[@pone.0197461.ref051]\\]. ", "Thus, in the future studies we should focus on DMRs, in which methylation profile will be formed in the beginning of embryonic development, concurrently with the alcohol exposure in this mouse model.", "\n\nHowever, we observed changes in gene expressions, which associated with PAE. ", "The most significant findings, decreased expression of the growth promoter *Igf2* in alcohol-exposed placentas as well as increased expression of negative growth controller *H19* in alcohol-exposed embryos, are consistent with the growth-restricted phenotype of the offspring in this mouse model. ", "This emphasizes the significance of *Igf2/H19* locus and its regulation in the PAE phenotype, and encourage us to study more profoundly the function of this complex locus in the future.", "\n\nSupporting information {#sec017}\n======================\n\n###### Gene expression of housekeeping gene.", "\n\nEthanol-exposed samples normalized to control samples to obtain fold difference of *Rplp0*. ", "Columns present average value and standard deviation of the ethanol-exposed samples. ", "Number of the samples is presented in the column.", "\n\n(TIF)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### Detection of maternal decidua contamination.", "\n\nGene expression of *Ampd3* and *Tfpi2* in four E16.5 placentas. ", "Two placentas with maternal decidua (gray) were used as controls to two placentas without decidua (black). ", "Figure presents the fold difference of the gene expression.", "\n\n(TIF)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### Details regarding the primers and protocols.", "\n\n\\(A\\) Primers for EpiTYPER and expression studies. (", "B) Protocol for EpiTYPER PCR reaction.", "\n\n(TIF)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### EpiTYPER result.", "\n\nDNA methylation levels of *Igf2/H19* ICR, *Igf2* DMR1, *Snrpn* ICR, *Peg3* ICR and *Line-1* in control and alcohol-exposed placentas by EpiTYPER method. ", "Methylation average values and standard deviations (±) of CpG units are presented in the table.", "\n\n(TIF)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### Comparison between single CpG sites in the studied ICR/DMR region with Hotelling's T\\^2 test.", "\n\n(TIF)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### Gene expression result.", "\n\nRelative gene expression (dCT values) of *Igf2*, *H19*, *Snrpn* and *Peg3* in E9.5 embryos and placentas as well as E16.5 placentas by qPCR. ", "Average values and standard deviations (±) of control and ethanol-exposed samples are presented in the table.", "\n\n(TIF)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n###### Sex-specific differences of gene expression in ethanol-exposed samples.", "\n\nThere was no significant difference between male and female ethanol-exposed samples. ", "P-value: Mann-Whitney.", "\n\n(TIF)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\nWe thank Anni Moilanen for technical assistance.", "\n\n[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Indians are travelling like never before and going to countries all over the world. ", "But a lot of us seem to forget that what we seek abroad, we can find as easily in our own country. ", "This doesn’t mean that one shouldn’t travel abroad, but it does mean that one should travel within India and witness all its marvels before we step out into the world. ", "So here are a few places you should visit in India before you visit their counterparts abroad.", "\n\n1. ", "Before you get lost in the beauty of Switzerland,\n\nFind your piece of paradise in Kashmir.", "\n\n2. ", "Before you get drenched at the Niagara Falls,\n\nGet drenched at the Chitrakoot Falls in Chhattisgarh.", "\n\n3. ", "Before you surf the sands of the Sahara,\n\nTame the dunes of the Thar.", "\n\n4. ", "Before you visit the Bonneville Salt Flats in America,\n\nVisit the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.", "\n\n5. ", "Before you take a trip to Madagascar,\n\nTake a trip to the Andamans.", "\n\n6. ", "Before you chill on the beaches of Brazil,\n\nGive the beaches of Goa a chance.", "\n\n7. ", "Before you go “Woah” about the bridges in Taiwan,\n\nGo “Hoodi-Baba” at Howrah Bridge in Kolkata.", "\n\n8. ", "Before you feast your eyes on the flowers in Antelope Valley in the U.S.A,\n\nDrink in the colours of the Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand.", "\n\n9. ", "Before you hear the roar of the African Lion,\n\nBe awed by the majesty of the Royal Bengal Tiger.", "\n\n10. ", "If it’s French architecture you crave, why go all the way to Saigon in Vietnam,\n\nWhen you can see it all in Pondicherry in India?", "\n\n11. ", "Before taking a stroll in a Japanese flower garden,\n\nTake a romantic walk in Nainital.", "\n\n12. ", "Before you get dwarfed by the statue of “Christ The Redeemer” in Brazil,\n\nGet dwarfed by Saint Thiruvalluvar’s statue in Kanyakumari.", "\n\n13. ", "And before you take selfies at the Arc de Triomphe in France,\n\nFeel proud and take one at India Gate in New Delhi.", "\n\n“Your vision becomes clear when you look inside your heart. ", "Who looks outside, dreams. ", "Who looks inside, awakens.” - ", "Carl Jung" ]

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[ "Brain aromatase activity and behavioral consequences in the male rat treated in utero with 4-hydroxy-androstenedione.", "\nPregnant female rats were given daily injections of a potent aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxy-delta 4-androstenedione (4OHA), throughout the latter half of the pregnancy (days 11 to 22; the day of insemination was designated as Day O) and male fetuses and pups were obtained. ", "Control animals were male offspring of mothers treated with oil vehicle. ", "When measured by the tritium-water method, significant reductions in the aromatase activity were detected in the hypothalamic and preoptic continuum (HPOA) of the male fetuses and pups, over a period from day 16 of the pregnancy until a day after birth. ", "All parturitions in the experimental as well as control animals occurred on day 22 of the pregnancy. ", "Behavioral and anatomical consequences of the prenatal treatment were examined in adulthood. ", "When mounted by stud male rats, the male litters of the 4OHA-treated mother showed lordosis at a significantly higher frequency both in terms of the number of positive test sessions (each consisted of a 20-min period in which the subject showed lordosis at least once) and the lordosis quotient (percent lordosis occurrence per 10 mounts). ", "When placed with receptive female rats, the experimental animals were no less active in mounting or ejaculating than the control. ", "No significant difference existed between the experimental and control animals in the weight of the testes or the accessorial genitalia, or the serum testosterone levels. ", "Partial but significant intervention of behavioral defeminization of the brain was associated with decreased HPOA aromatase activity during the prenatal period." ]

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[ "uniform desktop problem with roaming profiles\n\nI have a similar problem. ", "I've created a test roaming profile, made config changes to desktop background, printer setting and homepage. ", "Profile copied to the server ok but when I log onto other PC's the desktop background is gone but the printer setup and homepage are still there. ", "How can I make the desktop the same for all users? ", "Server is 2003 and clients are XP.", "\n\nStart or search\n\nCreate a new discussion\n\nIf you're asking for technical help, please be sure to include all your system info, including operating system, model number, and any other specifics related to the problem. ", "Also please exercise your best judgment when posting in the forums--revealing personal information such as your e-mail address, telephone number, and address is not recommended.", "\n\nPost type\n\nSubject title\n\nTopic Tags\n\nSelect up to 3 tags (1 tag required)\n\nCloud\n\nPiracy\n\nSecurity\n\nApple\n\nMicrosoft\n\nIT Employment\n\nGoogle\n\nOpen Source\n\nMobility\n\nSocial Enterprise\n\nCommunity\n\nSmartphones\n\nOperating Systems\n\nWindows\n\nMac\n\nMalware\n\nTablets\n\nNetworking\n\nBrowser\n\nHardware\n\nSoftware\n\nWeb Developerment\n\nLinux\n\nOff Topic\n\nMessage Body\n\nTrack this discussion and email me when there are updates\n\nPlease note: Do not post advertisements, offensive material, profanity, or personal attacks. ", "Please remember to be considerate of other members. ", "If you're new to the TechRepublic Forums, please read our TechRepublic Forums FAQ. ", "All submitted content is subject to our Terms Of Use." ]

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[ "Zend Framework which is PHP based and Node.js which is JavaScript based don’t have a common connection to pass data in a bi-directional nature. ", "I was tasked with building a bridge of sorts that would utilize existing information from Zend Framework with the latest release of Socket.io’s authorization mechanisms. (", "If you don’t do this then arbitrary connections can happen and will be authorized.)", "\n\nHe starts with the code (on the Node.js side) to create a simple HTTP server to listen for the requests from the Zend Framework application. ", "He gets into the details of how that all works before moving to the other side – a simple update to the authentication to store a session cookie with the information that is passed, via Socket.io to the waiting Node.js server for handling." ]

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[ "USDA Reports Record High Soybean Acreage, Corn Acres Down\n\nThe USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) is estimating a record high 89.5 million acres of soybeans planted in the U.S. for 2017. ", "That’s up seven percent from last year. ", "Corn acres are looking to be down about three percent.", "\n\nAll cotton acreage for 2017 is estimated at 12.1 million acres, 20 percent above last year, while all wheat planted area for 2017 is estimated at 45.7 million acres, down 9 percent from last year." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow do I license a game engine?", "\n\nAfter researching something along the lines of \"Game Engine Licensing\" in the R&D Lab, I gained access to research an SDK (Software Development Kit). ", "I created a new game engine with this feature in it, but nothing seems to have happened...\nHow do I license my new engines, and what does that do for me?", "\n\nA:\n\nLicensing a game engine will happen automatically for a period of time after creating a new game engine with the SDK selected as one of the engine elements. ", "\nYou will receive a payment on a monthly basis for \" SDK\" in addition to any income from Grid (if you completed it) and game sales.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "TONERBOSS Blog | HP Toners | Brother Toners | Canon Toners » ink and toner for dummieshttp://blog.tonerboss.com\nWed, 07 Jan 2015 00:07:53 +0000en-UShourly1http://wordpress.org/?v=4.1.1TonerBoss End of the Year Sale – Get 15% Off Orders $100 or Morehttp://blog.tonerboss.com/tonerboss-end-of-the-year-sale-get-15-off-orders-100-or-more/\nhttp://blog.tonerboss.com/tonerboss-end-of-the-year-sale-get-15-off-orders-100-or-more/#commentsMon, 17 Dec 2012 23:55:15 +0000http://blog.tonerboss.com/?p=41942012 is almost over but before it finally ends and we welcome 2013, let’s celebrate and remember all the good things that happened to us this year. ", "And to join in with that, TonerBoss, the printer cartridges specialist, is giving away 15% off on all orders $100 or more plus free-shipping as a part of […]\n\n]]>http://blog.tonerboss.com/tonerboss-end-of-the-year-sale-get-15-off-orders-100-or-more/feed/0Ink and Toner for Dummies – The New and Affordable Way to Printhttp://blog.tonerboss.com/ink-and-toner-for-dummies/\nhttp://blog.tonerboss.com/ink-and-toner-for-dummies/#commentsFri, 14 Dec 2012 23:51:34 +0000http://blog.tonerboss.com/?p=4183For Dummies, everyone have seen that line of books and though at first, one might raise an eyebrow with its title, I bet everyone has read one of them before. ", "But didn’t you know the same title goes with a line of printer cartridges? ", "Yes, a selection of eco-friendly and remanufactured inks and laser toner […]" ]

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[ "ROCHESTER, Minn. (KTTC) -- The Valentino's Pizza Pub in Rochester will close its doors on Sunday.", "\n\nAccording to a news release from Clark Creative Group, the restaurant, which is located at 130 Elton Hills Drive in Rochester, is closing due to retirement of the store manager and the lease ending.", "\n\n“We are extremely honored to have served the Rochester community for 25 years. ", "We want to thank all of our great customers and employees who have been part of this successful location,” Valentino’s Executive Vice-President Mike Alesio said in a news release. “", "Valentino’s has been a community favorite in Rochester because of our family recipes, quality ingredients and reasonable prices.”", "\n\n“Valentino’s has built an excellent reputation in Rochester for award-winning pizza. ", "Our hope is that someone will continue that reputation as a franchise owner,” Alesio added. ", "Those interested can contact Alesio at Valentino’s Corporate office at 402-434-9380 or via email at malesio@valscorp.com." ]

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[ "Wired\n\nDO you ever imagine what it would be like to not use the Internet for a year? ", "Paul Miller, a technology reporter for The Verge - one of the world's largest tech news websites -- did just that.", "\n\nOn May 1, 2012, Miller decided that he was going to go cold turkey -- no Twitter, news websites, email, nothing. ", "He was giving it all up for a year.", "\n\nWhy did he do it? ", "Because he felt that the Internet was taking over his life and he felt incredibly overwhelmed.", "\n\n\"I use the Internet all day and all night. ", "I couldn't imagine not using it for one hour, never mind 365 days,\" he says in The Verge.", "\n\nPaul said that the Internet to him wasn't a tool -- it was becoming a major distraction. ", "That is why he needed to leave. ", "He left his major reporting duties at The Verge on May 1, 2012, as his job would require him to use the World Wide Web. ", "The only thing he wrote were journal entries that described his unplugged day-to-day life.", "\n\nOne of the first things he found was that his writing productivity increased quite a bit because he was not jumping in and out of the Internet while trying to get his work done. ", "He also learned the Internet was not the main cause of his problems in life. ", "When he was Internet-free, his problems manifested themselves in other ways.", "\n\nThe Verge had a camera crew follow Paul around for the year and they put together an awesome 15-minute documentary. ", "Paul Offline was an incredibly cool project run by the folks over at The Verge and if you are interested head over to their website to find out all of articles, interviews and video.", "\n\niPhone 5S/6\n\nAS June approaches, Apple's World Wide Developers Conference is just right around the corner.", "\n\nIt's the time of year when all of the iOS developers, tech reporters, and important people in the world migrate to San Francisco to watch Apple CEO Tim Cook take the stage to announce new software and hardware.", "\n\nEvery year, it is expected Apple will announce its new iPhone. ", "What will it be called? ", "What will it look like? ", "What will be new? ", "Rumour mills are spinning faster than ever right now trying to compete for the top headline. ", "With Samsung releasing its really big phones, it seems Apple is following suit by incrementally increasing the size of the iPhone year in year out (see accompanying chart). ", "It's rumored that Apple has found a way to make the next iPhone larger without making any trade-offs with other parts of the device. ", "I do not think Apple is going to change the design at all. ", "My opinion is that it is going to call it the iPhone 5S, make it faster, give it better battery life and have a larger screen -- that's it.", "\n\nI think Apple is really just focusing on improving iOS. ", "It's rumoured Apple is making the next version of iOS incredibly \"flat\" and non-flashy. ", "Apple is trying to de-glitz the software. ", "I look forward to what Apple will present at WWDC this year and I will be sure to keep you updated.", "\n\nSocial blogging\n\nWHEN it comes to blogging platforms, I have extreme ADD. ", "I started my blog, TheDavidBell.com on WordPress. ", "I then jumped to Blogger, then Tumblr, and now back to WordPress. ", "I am one of those guys who is never happy with the way something looks. ", "I'm always looking to improve on design and content layout. ", "The biggest pratfall a blogger can make is to not post content. ", "Since we live in an incredibly social age, we are always tweeting, making a Facebook status, or Instagramming a photo. ", "Taking all of this content and re-posting it to your blog is quite the hassle.", "\n\nIn the past, I would take Instagram pictures, then sent them to my email, then post them to my blog. ", "It was annoying, which led to my lazy self not posting to my blog anymore. ", "I then stumbled across a service called Rebel Mouse. ", "Rebel Mouse is a social-blogging service that asks for you to input all of your social media profiles (Instagram, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Vine etc.) ", "and then it amalgamates the content from each network and organizes it in a beautiful way, which is then displayed on your blog. ", "So when you tweet an article, or take an Instagram photo, it automatically refreshes your blog and loads the new content. ", "It's awesome. ", "The service is free if you simply want a yourname.rebelmouse.com URL and it costs $10 per month if you want to setup domain forwarding. ", "Check out my blog and see if Rebel Mouse is right for you!", "\n\nDavid Bell (@thedavidbell) is a young entrepreneur in Winnipeg. ", "He specializes in emerging technology and online aspects of business, including web and social media consulting. ", "Access his company online at iBXMediaGroup.ca. ", "He is an active member of the YouTube community (http://www.TheDavidBell.com), with more than two million views and 5,000 subscribers. ", "He was also a Dragons' Den contestant. ", "Email: db@thedavidbell.com\n\nYou can comment on most stories on winnipegfreepress.com. ", "You can also agree or disagree with other comments.", "\nAll you need to do is be a Winnipeg Free Press print or e-edition subscriber to join the conversation and give your feedback." ]

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[ "How To Get Started with Adwords Scripts\n\nWhat are Adwords Scripts\n\nBack in early 2012 Google announced the released of a new API called Adwords Scripts. ", "Why this announcement was so huge is that it meant that anyone with an AdWords account can use JavaScript instead of the Adwords API coding language to automate tasks (like pulling data or making changes to items) within their account. ", "The Adwords API was difficult to code against and essentially meant that if you wanted to automate something you were going to have to pay a premium to have the development completed. ", "With javascript and the Scripts API it is a much simpler process and virtually anyone who can copy and paste can utilize the pre-written scripts to help with some basic account automation. ", "Over the last three years Google has expanded the capabilities within the Scripts interface and there is now a well developed community of users who have written scripts that you can utilize today.", "\n\nHow To Use Adwords Scripts\n\nTo get started with Adwords Scripts in less time than it takes to brew a cup of coffee do the following:\n\nLogin to your Adwords Account through a web browser\n\nNavigate to “Bulk Operations” in the right hand menu\n\nSelect “Scripts”\n\nClick the “+Script” button to Create a New Script\n\nName Your Script\n\nCopy and Paste code into the editor pane\n\nHere is a very simple sample script that you can test that will pull your top 10 keywords by click!" ]

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[ "Saturday, September 8, 2007\n\nRepublican Congressman Ron Paul of Texas, a candidate for president in 2008, has shown that his political party still has some integrity, vigor and sanity left in it. ", "With the nation suffering through some of the most noxious times in its history -- due in large part to incompetent, cynical and sadistic officials in Washington, DC -- Representative Paul stands out as an eminent exception. ", "He has refused to bow to his party leadership's insistence on patriotic platitudes and capitulation before the military-political-industrial complex.", "\n\n'\n\n\"When we (Americans) make a mistake, it is the obligation of the people through their elected representatives to correct the mistake, not continue the mistake,\" Paul says during a September 5th debate, asserting that the US government should end the lethal legacy of neo-con warriors and withdraw its invading forces from Iraq. ", "Paul thus courageously punctures on national television the vacuous bravado of his fellow presidential candidates. ", "In Ron Paul's candidacy, Republicans and Americans have the chance to put US foreign policy back on a sustainable and moral track. ", "With truth-telling in the national discourse increasingly rare, it is an opportunity wasted at our peril.", "\n\nRon Paul is at best an enabler of the worst impulses in our society - homophobia, racism, and anti-semitism. ", "Now that his old newsletter have been brought to everyone's attention, do you still support him for President?" ]

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