btr-60 adalah kendaraan pertama dari seri armoured personnel carrier (apc) beroda delapan yang diproduksi oleh uni soviet.
it was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the btr-152 and was seen in public for the first time in 1961.
btr stands for bronetransporter (, , literally "armoured transporter").
web.archive.org (3 november 2006).
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
the btr-152 and btr-40, the first two soviet mass-produced apcs developed after the second world war, gave the soviet army useful experience with wheeled armoured personnel carriers.
however, even as they were designed, they weren't suited for the needs of the soviet army as they lacked a roof (which was added in later versions designated btr-152k and btr-40b respectively).
the low combat values of the btr-152 and btr-40 were exposed when the egyptian army used them during the suez crisis.
this was one of the reasons why the new apc was developed.czogi wiata, issue 41, pp 1, 2
between 1956 and 1957, a decision was made to convert all rifle and mechanized divisions into motor rifle divisions and a requirement for a new transport vehicle was drawn up.
btr-60p had open-roofed crew and troop compartments, which was deemed to be a serious disadvantage.
accordingly, a new version with an armoured roof, designated btr-60pa, entered production in 1963.
this new version's capacity was reduced from 16 soldiers to 14 soldiers.
the appearance of the german hs.30 apc, which was armed with a 20 mm cannon, prompted the addition of the conical bpu-1 turret.
this turret, which was originally developed for the brdm-2 amphibious armoured scout car, was armed with the kpvt 14.5 mm heavy machine gun and a pkt 7.62 mm tank machine gun.
the new vehicle was designated the btr-60pai and entered production in 1965.
it was, however, quickly replaced by the btr-60pb, which had a better sighting system for the machine guns.
btr-60 was a revolutionary design for its time.
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
it had a non-standard layout for an apc; the crew compartment was in the front, the troop compartment in the middle and the engine compartment in the rear.
this meant that, while the btr-60 didn't share some of the weaknesses that other apcs had, it had several disadvantages of its own.
in the btr-60, the crew compartment is located in the front of the vehicle and had a roof - unlike the troop compartment, which first received one with the introduction of the btr-60pa. in the btr-60p and btr-60pa, the crew consists of a driver and a commander.
the driver's seat is on the left and commander's seat is on the right.
in the btr-60pai, btr-60pb and btr-60pz, the crew consists of a driver, a commander and a gunner.
the position of the driver and commander stations remained unchanged in later models.
the gunner operates the bpu-1 turret, using the pp-61a optical sight.
in the btr-60p, both the driver and commander manned their positions by entering the vehicle through the sides.
the btr-60pa introduced two hatches over their stations and crew members had to climb on top of the vehicle to use them.
the entry method did not change in later production models.
the btr-60b introduced a side door for the gunner on the right side, and firing ports for both the driver and commander, and two for the gunner, one on each side.
(for more information on the btr-60's firing port see the troop compartment section).
both the driver and the commander have forward views through bulletproof windshields, onto which steel covers can be lowered.
in the btr-60p and btr-60pa, the covers had vision slots, and additional slots on both sides of the crew compartment.
these were removed in the btr-60pb in favor of two periscopes on each side.
the troop compartment is behind the crew compartment and in front of the engine compartment.
the btr-60p can transport up to 16 fully equipped soldiers.
this number reduced to 14 in btr-60pb. as the btr-60p didn't have a roof, it was covered with a tarpaulin when traveling in bad weather conditions.
it was also covered with bows and canvas.
also, all btr-60 models had three firing ports on each upper side of the hull through which the infantry being transported could fire at the enemy with their personal weapons.
the difference between models was in the position of these three firing ports.
the btr-60p and btr-60pa had the firing ports positioned in a row between the middle and the front part of the troop compartment.
in the btr-60pb, the firing ports were relocated; one was next to the driver and commander, one next to the gunner and one in the side of the troop compartment.
because of the engine placement (in the rear of the vehicle), transported infantry must mount and dismount through the sides in the btr-60p or through the roof hatches in the roofed btr-60pa, btr-60pb, and btr-60pz variants.
to help the infantry to mount and dismount the vehicle, the btr-60p had two steps on each side of the hull, one between the first and second pair of road wheels and the other between the third and fourth pair of wheels.
it also had two vertical hand rails on each side of the troop compartment, as well as an angled horizontal one on the left-hand side of the hull next to the engine compartment.
the btr-60pa introduced yet another step on each side of the hull between the second and third pair of wheels, as well as six horizontal hand rails on each side of the vehicle, three on the lower side and three on the upper side.
the vertical ones were removed, while yet another angled horizontal one was added on the right-hand side of the hull next to the engine compartment.
in the btr-60pb, the number of hand rails decreased from six to five on each side of the hull; the rear upper hand rail was removed from he right side, whereas the center upper one was removed from the left side.
the btr-60p has two doors on each side of the troop compartment (one in the front and one in the rear), but infantry still had to dismount through the sides.
the side doors were removed in the btr-60pa. they were used mostly as emergency exits and as auxiliary firing ports.
in the btr-60pb, a side door was added on the front left of the troop compartment.
the hull armour is made from welded steel and provides protection against small arms fire and shrapnel.
the frontal armour can withstand 7.62 mm bullets from any range.
the rest of the armour can withstand 7.62 mm bullets from a range of 100 m.
the btr-60p did not have a roof over the troop compartment, which made a weakness that could easily be exploited - even the simplest explosives could take out a btr-60p.
the new btr design with a roof was called the btr-60pa.
armour thickness is as follows:
upper front: 7 mm at 86
lower front: 9 mm at 47
sides: 7 mm
upper rear: 5 mm
lower rear: 7 mm
floor: 5 mm
roof: 7 mm (over the troop compartment since btr-60pa)
turret (since btr-60pai):
front: 10 mm
sides: 7 mm
rear: 7 mm
roof: 7 mm
the btr-60 has a 8x8 suspension.
originally, there were difficulties in finding a suitable engine for it: the six-cylinder gaz-40p gasoline engine, which produces 90 hp, had insufficient power, while the 205-hp yaaz-206b was too heavy.
instead, the btr was fitted with two six-cylinder gasoline gaz-40p engines (67 kw) located side by side in the rear of the vehicle.
the combined power of the engines is 180 hp (134 kw).
each engine propels two of the vehicle's axles.
the engine on the right propels the second and the fourth axles, while the one on the left propels the first and the third axles.
each engine has its own four-speed gear box with a single-shielded hydraulically controlled clutch and an exhaust.
each axle has its own differential and is hung on transversal torsion bars.
the first two axles each have two hydraulic absorbers, while the third and fourth only have one.
the first and second pair of wheels can be turned.
the gaps between the first and second axles and between the third and fourth axles are even.
the gap between the second and third axles is slightly larger than the other ones.
the two-engines setup has an advantage in the fact that each engine could work without the other.
this means that, if one engine is disabled, it doesn't affect the other one and the vehicle can still move, albeit with reduced speed.
this setup, however, caused several problems that either do not exist in single-engined vehicles or weren't as serious: the design itself was complicated and the amount of work that had to be done during exploitation and repair was higher than in vehicles with a single engine.
the engines themselves were originally intended for truck use, which meant that they were working in extreme conditions not originally envisioned for them.
because of this, engine breakdowns were frequent.
the vehicle also used large amounts of fuel and caught fire easily.
despite all this, the two-engines setup was used in all btr-60 production models as well as most variants of the btr-70.
the single-engine setup was introduced in the btr-80.
the btr-60 is fully amphibious, propelled in the water by a jet centrally mounted at the rear of the hull.
it was, however, prone to breakdowns.
when not in use, it is protected by the sideways opening lids.
before entering the water, the trim vane at the front of the hull should be erected to prevent water from flooding over the bow.
while in its traveling position, it serves as additional lower frontal armor.
characteristics of the btr-60 production models btr-60p early btr-60pa btr-60pa btr-60pa-1 btr-60pai btr-60pb
9.8czogi wiata, issue 41, pp 2, 3
10.3 ? 10.3
2.06 m opfor worldwide equipment guide, tradoc dcsint threat support directorate, january 1999.
2 + 16
3 + 14
7.62 mm pkt, sgmb or pkb tank/medium/general-purpose machine gun (2,000 rounds)
12.7 mm dshk 1938/46 heavy machine gun (500 rounds)
14.5 mm kpvt heavy machine gun (500 rounds)
2 x 7.62 mm pkt, sgmb or pkb tank/medium/general-purpose machine guns (3,000 rounds) mounted on the sides of the troop compartment (optional)
7.62 mm pkt coaxial tank machine gun (3,000 rounds)
power-to-weight ratio hp/tonne (kw/tonne)
btr-60s were produced by gorkovsky avtomobilny zavod (gaz).
the btr-60p was produced between 1960 and 1963.
the btr-60pa entered production in 1963, followed by the btr-60pa-1 in 1965.
both the btr-60pa and btr-60pa-1 were produced until 1966.
the btr-60pai also entered production in 1965, but was quickly replaced in 1966 by the btr-60pb, which had a better sighting system for the machine guns.
the btr-60pb remained in production until 1976, when it was superseded by the btr-70.
according to western estimates, around 25,000 btr-60s were produced by gaz.
during btr-80 production, and therefore after btr-60 production had ended, there was a special production run of 100 btr-60pbs, some of which have been exported to iraq.
an order to enter the btr-60p into soviet army service was issued on 13 december 1959.
however, production didn't start until 1960.
the first btr-60ps were delivered in 1960.
it first entered service with the soviet army and later the soviet naval infantry.
the btr-60 entered service with the soviet military at the time when the ussr was arming on a mass scale.
in the early 1960s, it replaced the btr-152 in the role of the basic apc. the btr-60p was first seen by the west in 1961.
the btr-60pa entered service with the soviet army in 1963, the btr-60pa-1 and btr-60pai entered service in 1965, the btr-60pb in 1966, the btr-60pz in 1972 and thebtr-60pbk in 1975.
as newer models of the btr-60 appeared, the older ones were gradually withdrawn from front-line service.
a number of old btr-60ps were converted into repair vehicles.
the first use of soviet btr-60s during a conflict happened during the warsaw pact 1968 invasion of czechoslovakia.
however, actual combat was scarce.czogi wiata, issue 41, pp 11, 12
in the 1980s, most of the btr-60s in the soviet army had been replaced by the btr-70 and btr-80; however, a large number was still operated by second-line and border troops.
according to the data provided by the ussr during the signing of the cfe treaty in 1990, there were 4,191 btr-60s in service with the units stationed in the european part of the soviet union.
sino-soviet border conflict
the first real combat use of the btr-60 took place during the sino-soviet border conflict on zhenbao island (damansky island at the time) in march 1969.
the frontier units operating on the island were equipped with btr-60pbs, while the 57th border detachment group was equipped with btr-50ps and btr-50pks. the btr-60 proved to be a good vehicle, although it sustained high losses due to the large number of rpgs used by the chinese and mistakes made by the commanders of the apcs, which originated from the low amount of experience in combat use of the new vehicles.
the high losses due to rpg hits wasn't unexpected, as the btr-60's armour was designed to protect the vehicle from small arms fire and shrapnel, and not specialized anti-tank weapons.
the most effective tactic found for using btr-60pbs was in covering the dismounted infantry.
this is a job more suited for infantry fighting vehicles than armoured personnel carriers, whose main role is transporting infantry to the battlefield and providing them with armour protection during that time - however, it must be noted that the bmp-1, the world's first infantry fighting vehicle, started production in 1966 and therefore soviet army had very small numbers of those vehicles available at the time of sino-soviet border conflict.
during the fights in march, the chinese managed to capture four btr-60pbs and one t-62 mbt.
btr-60pbs were used again during the border conflict east of lake zhalanashkol in kazahstan (kazakh ssr at the time) in august 1969.
during the fighting, the armour of btr-60pb proved inadequate.
soviet war in afghanistan
the btr-60pb was used in large numbers during the initial part of the soviet war in afghanistan.
this was because the units that were originally used for this operation weren't the top priority of the soviet military, which prioritized the units stationed in east germany.
the same design flaws were present during this conflict and the vehicle became even more vulnerable due to the kind of fighting that took place in afghanistan.
the gaz-40p gasoline engines experienced frequent power losses and overheating due to the tropical highland climate that they were not well suited for.
also, the btr-60pb's turret could not elevate its armament high enough to fire at the mujahideen attacking from high ground.
like during the sino-soviet border conflict, many btr-60pbs fell victim to rpgs. because of those drawbacks, the btr-60pbs were replaced by btr-70s as soon as possible to a point were only the btr-60 command variants were used.
other operational use
soviet btr-60s, btr-70s and btr-80s were used for dispersing the demonstrations in tbilisi in 1989 and stopping the fighting on the border between uzbek ssr and kirghiz ssr. they were also used in nagorno-karabakh and south ossetia.
in 1990, they were used in vilnius to suppress the lithuanian independence movements.czogi wiata, issue 41, pp 12, 13
soviet union successor states
in 1991, the btr-60s of the soviet army was passed on to the armies of the successor states and thus used in many regional conflicts.
27 btr-60pbs that were inherited by moldavia were used by its army during the war of transnistria.
a number of btr-60s were used by the georgian army during the 19921993 war in abkhazia.
as of 2007, several hundred btr-60s remain in service with ussr successor states; these are in a process of being replaced by more modern vehicles.military balance 2007
russia used btr-60s during the first chechen war, but since the mid-1990s btr-60s have only been in use with the border troops.
in russian service, many btr-60 variants have been replaced by variants of the btr-80/k1sh1 or have been upgraded with the engines from the btr-80.
moldova inherited 27 btr-60pbs from the soviet union.
they were used during the war of transnistria against the pridnestrovian moldavian republic.
moldova also ordered 161 ex-romanian tab-71ms in 1992, which were delivered between 1992 and 1995.
moldova also inherited 20 btr-70s from the soviet union and received 250 tab zimbrus and mli-84s from romania.s used during that operation were lost.
on 1 april, two btrs were used during the assault on bender.
in june, dozen of apcs were used during another assault on the city.
in 1992, the separatist state of abkhazia declared independence from georgia and the war in abkhazia (19921993) began.
georgia sent its troops to abkhazia to stabilize the region.
the 3,000 man force was poorly equipped with military vehicles, having only five t-55 main battle tanks, a few bmp-2 infantry fighting vehicles, three btr-60/70 armoured personnel carriers and a small number of bm-21 grad mrls.
as the war continued, the georgian forces in abkhazia were strengthened.
the rebels had no afvs of their own, but captured some heavy equipment from the georgians.
a btr-60pb of the armenian police was used on 1 march 2008 during the armenian presidential election protests in yerevan.
it was sent to counter the protest at the shahumyan square near the french embassy, where it arrived at 1:30 pm.
eventually, the unarmed and peaceful demonstrators surrounded the apc, mounted it, and forced its crew to leave the square.
during the ongoing war in donbass, ukrainian military used several btr-60 variants.
the ukrainian national guard, have deployed btr-60pb's for counter-insurgency operations in eastern ukraine.
btr-60 apcs were employed widely both by the soviet army and by more than 30 export customers.
operators of the btr-60 have included afghanistan, algeria, angola, bhutan, botswana, bulgaria, cambodia, congo, cuba, djibouti, east germany, ethiopia, finland, grenada, guinea, guinea-bissau, hungary, india, iran, iraq, laos, libya, mali, mongolia, mexico, morocco, mozambique, nicaragua, north korea, romania, soviet union, syria, uganda, vietnam, yugoslavia, yemen, and zambia, as well as many of the successor states of the soviet union.westhorp, chris (editor), the world's armies: an illustrated review of the armies of the world, salamander press, c. 1991, isbn 0-517-05240-7
the most widely spread model is the btr-60pb.
although the btr-60 still remains in service with many of the world's armies, it is almost never used as an apc any more.
they are still being used as mobile command posts, artillery forward observation posts, airplane guidance posts, communication posts and many other specialized roles.
the btr-60 has seen action in the yom kippur war, the 1971 war between india and pakistan (where it was used very effectively to punch a hole through to jessore and subsequently khulna), the soviet invasion of afghanistan (where it was used by both the soviet and afghan government troops), the chechen and yugoslav wars.
it was also used by warsaw pact forces during the 1968 warsaw pact invasion of czechoslovakia.
finland's jger battalions operated soviet-built btr-60r-145bm "chaika" vehicles.
these were upgraded to btr-60pum standard between 1996 and 1997.
in 1991, seven conscripts of the karelia brigade drowned when their btr-60 sank at taipalsaari during an amphibious exercise because the vehicle was loaded incorrectly (top-heavy) and the roof hatches opened.
the usual nicknames for btr-60 amongst the finnish conscripts were petteri (a male name), after the initials btr, and taipalsaaren sukellusvene (taipalsaari submarine) after the 1991 incident.
milicja obywatelska (mo) operated several btr-60pas. they were used by zomo riot control units.
the polish army also received a dozen btr-60pu-12s, which were used within the soviet supplied 9k33 osa sam regiment delivered between 1980 and 1985.
sipri arms transfers database.
armstrade.sipri.org. retrieved on 21 september 2011.
on 7 december 1981, the delegation of the polish ministry of internal affairs went to the soviet ministry of internal affairs asking for equipment and supplies necessary to equip around 60,000 mo operatives and reservists enlisted because of the intensified activities against the communist government.
in response, on 17 december, the soviet ministry of internal affairs decided to transfer 25 btr-60pbs along with 10,250,000 "czeromucha" incapacitating chemical devices and 2,000 tonnes of gas over to its polish counterpart.
softland apcs of the mo p. 2 these vehicles had previously been used in afghanistan.
they were later modified by adding another radio set.
they were used by zomo.
zomoza.kgb.pl. retrieved on 21 september 2011.
during the martial law in poland, the msw automobile plant in d fitted some btrs with breakers mounted on the front of the vehicle, which were used for clearing obstacles (see poland section in the variants section for details).
softland police btr-60pb apcs of the mo p. 1 when the milicja obywatelska was transformed back into policja in 1990, all btr-60pbs had their armament removed.
this was because policja, unlike mo, didn't have a need for weaponry with such a high muzzle velocity - such weapons were dangerous to use in urban areas.
the mo needed such weaponry because it was also supposed to carry out anti-partisan operations.
policja used unarmed btr-60pbs for security during european economy summit 2004 in warsaw, as well as for clearing blockades set up by the samoobrona political party.
a few police btr-60pbs are kept in storage for anti-riot duty as barricade breakers.
republik rakyat tiongkok
prc reversed engineered the btr-60pb after capturing four examples during the sino-soviet border conflict on zhenbao island in march 1969.
the program was completed in the late 1970s.
however, the vehicle did not enter service in large numbers because the prc's primitive road system and rugged terrain meant that the wheeled apc wasn't well suited for the chinese conditions as it lacked the cross country capability of the tracked apcs in the chinese inventory.
it should be noted though that, before the sino-soviet split, the prc imported 100 btr-40s and 100 btr-152s from the ussr and manufactured copies of those vehicles; and these served with the pla until the mid-1990s.
people's liberation army.
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
the experience gained through reverse-engineering the btr-60 helped the prc in developing other more advanced wheeled apcs later in the 1980s.
1955 - 1975 - vietnam war
1966 - 1991 - south african border war (angola, cuba)
1967  six day war (egypt, syria)
1968 - soviet invasion of czechoslovakia
1969  sino-soviet border conflict (soviet union)
1971  indo-pakistani war of 1971 (india)
1973  yom kippur war (egypt, syria)
1975  1990  lebanese civil war
1975  1991  western sahara war
1975  2002  angolan civil war
19781987  chadian-libyan conflict
1979  1988  soviet war in afghanistan
1980  1988  iraniraq war (iran, iraq)
1983  invasion of grenada (grenada)
1988  1993  georgian civil war
1992  1993  war in abkhazia
1988  1994  nagorno-karabakh war (nagorno-karabakh, armenia, azerbaijan)
1989  romanian revolution
1990  1991  first persian gulf war (iraq)
1992  1997  civil war in tajikistan
1993 present  kurdishturkish conflict (turkey)
1994  civil war in yemen
1994  1996  first chechen war
1999  2009  second chechen war
2001  ?
united states war in afghanistan
2003  ?
second persian gulf war
2003  invasion of iraq (iraq)
2011 - libyan civil war (gaddafi and anti-gaddafi forces)
2011present - syrian civil war (government forces and rebels)
2014present - war in donbass (ukraine and pro-russian rebel forces)
btr-60pbm  btr-60pb modernization fitted with a new engine in a new, bigger engine compartment similar to the one in the btr-80.
the exhaust pipes are also similar, if not identical, to the ones in btr-80s.
the right side of the hull has been altered: a side door with a small hand rail for the troop compartment was added, four out of five handrails were removed (the exception being the lower front one), the firing ports were replaced with one located next to the gunner's station and a stowage box was added next to the engine compartment. btr-60pbm. none.
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
the modernization is done by the arzamas engineering plant.
2008.
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
mws  another upgrade of the btr-60 was developed by muromteplovoz jsc. this one is powered by the yamz-236a 195 hp diesel engine in a much bigger engine compartment, with a service hatch on the rear side and only one exhaust pipe, on the left side.
the first prototype  sometimes called btr-60bd  was in fact an upgraded r-145bm command vehicle.
the vehicle that was shown during idelf-2006 in moscow was a modified btr-60pb with the original machine gun turret replaced by the mb2 modular turret with a 2a42 30mm gun.
air power australia 9k35.
ausairpower.net (30 may 2011).
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
idelf 2006 defence exhibition.
worldwide-defence.blogspot.com (23 april 2011).
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
mws-m  mws with altered sides of the hull.
on the left side, two handrails were removed (the center lower and the rear lower) and a stowage box was added in the center.
on the right side, two handrails were removed (the center upper and lower), a new handrail was added to the upper rear.
the firing ports were removed on both sides.
video showing modernized btr-60 and brdm-2.
youtube.com (21 january 2008).
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
the latest upgrade was shown for the first time during maks-2011.
this version also has a new diesel engine, the yamz-236d (as found on the btr-70d upgrade), but here the engine compartment has been relocated to the center of the hull.
the troop compartment with eight seats is now at the very end of the hull, has a raised roof line and two exit doors.
there are no periscopes for the infantry squad and only two firing ports, in the rear doors.
on top of the troop compartment is a new ma7-02 turret.
strangernn:      ""!.
strangernn.livejournal.com. retrieved on 21 september 2011.
this turret is fitted with a 1pz-7a sight and armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun "kord", an automatic grenade launcher ag-17, a coaxial machine gun pktm 7.62 mm and 81mm smoke grenade launchers 902v.
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
9k35m3-k "kolchan"  during maks-2007, muromteplovoz showed a sam launch vehicle, based on an upgraded btr-60 and armed with the strela-10 launcher fitted to the hull roof.
irtish  btr-60pb converted into civilian repair vehicle.
it has a crane mounted in the front of the hull and a crate on top of the hull.
the turret was removed.
it is also missing two hand rails, one in the center of the upper side of the hull and one in the center of the lower side of the hull.
the firing ports are blocked.
the steel covers for the windshields are removed.
the periscopes were removed.
a window was added on the front part of each side of the hull.
btr-60pb converted into a civilian armoured firefighting vehicle.
the turret and center hand rails were removed and all firing ports were blocked.
the steel covers for the windshields were removed, as were the periscopes.
a window was added on the front part of each side of the hull.
it was fitted with a crate on top of the hull.
btr-60ppm  btr-60pb converted into a civilian armoured firefighting vehicle.
the turret and center hand rails were removed, as were the steel covers for the windshields.
the firing ports were all blocked, as were the periscopes.
three windows were added on each side of the hull.
it was fitted with a crate on top of the hull.
it also carries an a-crane on the right side of the hull.
btr-60pau  btr-60pa converted into an artillery command vehicle equipped with 4 whip antennas.
btr-60pb experimentally fitted with the polish wat turret from skot-2ap. only a prototype was made.
btr-60pb-md (bronyetransportor moderniziran )  btr-60pb modernization fitted with the vamo dt3900 or rover td-200 diesel engine, four mb smoke grenade launchers on the turret (two on each side), "melopa" night sight, new day sight, new nbc protection system, modern radios.
it also has a rear view mirror on the left hand side of the hull and side hatches.
only a prototype was made.
btr-60pb-md1  btr-60pb-md variant developed for the bulgarian army, fitted with the cummins isb 25.30 turbocharged diesel engine developing 250 hp (186 kw), additional protection for its headlights and eight smoke grenade launchers on the turret (four on each side).
150 in service.
btr-60pb-md3  export btr-60pb-md variant fitted with the kamaz diesel engine, different sights, eight smoke grenade launchers in right-hand corner of the front of the hull and six on the turret (three on each side).
it is also known under the designation btr-60pb-md2. the prototype, shown in 2004, was based on the btr-60pa.
btr-60pb fitted with a turret from the bmp-1.
it also lacks the hand rails on the upper side of the hull.
btr-60pb armed with 100 mm gun in a heavily modified turret from the t-54. the hull is modified as well since the two hand rails on the side of the hull are gone and the other two are moved to the center of the hull between the upper and lower parts of the side of the hull.
the lights in the front received armoured protection.
the vehicle has two rear-view mirrors in the front corners of the hull (one on each side) the chassis has also been modified as the vehicle has a btr-80 style straight chassis with no slope near the engine compartment.
because of the size of the new turret the vehicle is most probably no longer an apc but an armoured car.
btr-60 armed with twin 23 mm anti-aircraft guns (probably zu-23-2).
it is designed to be used for anti-aircraft purposes.
btr-60 armed with twin 37 mm anti-aircraft guns.
it is designed to be used for anti-aircraft purposes.
btr-60pb with its turret replaced by the one used in french aml-90 light armoured car.
only one btr-60pb was converted and it was done so to make use of a spare turret after the original aml-90 hull was destroyed in a road accident.
btr-60pasuomen panssarivaunut 19181997 (the finnish armored vehicle 19181997), page 120, esa muikku ja jukka purhonen, apali, www.apali.fi
btr-60pb fitted with stowage racks over the engine decks.
btr-60pbk  btr-60pb ugrade with second radio transceiver telescope radio antenna and outside the vehicle on the deck an aggregate, cable wheel and equipment boxsuomen panssarivaunut 19181997 (the finnish armored vehicle 19181997), page 123, esa muikku ja jukka purhonen, apali, www.apali.fi
btr-60pum  btr-60r-145bm "chaika" upgrade with new communication equipment and armed with the nsv 12.7 mm heavy machine gun.
finland bought later two btr-80s for testing out a replacement but ended up buying the domestic xa-180 series of vehicles, known later as patria pasi.
former east germany
gau l-r., plate j., siegert j. (2001) deutsche militrfahrzeuge  bundeswehr und nva. motorbuch verlag.
isbn 3-613-02152-8* east-german army manual nachrichtenmittel auf spw 60 pb
spw-60p (spw stands for schtzenpanzerwagen)  nva designator for btr-60p.
spw-60pa (spw stands for schtzenpanzerwagen)  nva designator for btr-60pa.
spw-60pa(s)  spw-60pa converted into a staff vehicle.
spw-60pb (spw stands for schtzenpanzerwagen)  nva designator for the btr-60pb.
spw-60pb(abs) (abs stands for artillerie-beobachtungsstelle  "artillery-monitoring center")  spw-60pb converted into an artillery forward observer vehicle with 4 whip antennas (2 on the rear of the engine deck's roof), two small brackets on the top of the upper left-hand side of the hull with striped poles stowed, commander's and driver's hatches that fold forward horizontally and a modified commanders position with retractable observation device.
spw-60pb(bbs) (bbs stands for batterie-beobachtungsstelle  "battery-monitoring center")  spw-60pb converted into a command vehicle for air-defense artillery batteries.
similar to the spw-60pb but it has two whip antennas on the rear hull.
spw-60pb(s)  spw-60pb converted into a command vehicle.
nz(b) msr/pr (nz stands for nachrichtenzentrale)  spw-60pb converted into a signals vehicle for motorized rifle and tank regiments.
it is equipped with the r-123m, r-123mt and r-405 radio sets, the ab-2-0 generator mounted behind the turret and the f-1301 electronic telegraph.
turret has been blanked-off.
lbgs(b) (lbgs stands for leitungsbaugertesatz)  spw-60pb converted into telephone cable layer.
it is also known under the designation lbt.
r-137b  spw-60pb converted into a signals vehicle.
differs externally from soviet type and has some components from local production including the ff63m field telephone set.
r-140bm  spw-60pb converted into a signals vehicle equipped with r-140m sw radio set, two movable whip antennas in the rear, a 10 m high telescopic mast and the ab-4-t/230-m1 generator.
it differs externally from its soviet counterpart and incorporates some components produced locally including the ekd 315 sw receiver.
r-409bm  spw-60pb converted into a radio-relay station equipped with 2 r-409ma semi-sets, free receivers: the r-326, the r-123mt, the p-303-ob and the ab-2-0/230-m1 generator.
r-145bm/akl1  spw-60pb converted into a signals vehicle.
it is a r-145bm equipped with an additional r-870m set.
r-145bm/akl2  signals vehicle.
as r-145bm but with additional r-809m2 set.
r-145bm/l1  signals vehicle.
r-145bm/l2i  signals vehicle with radiosets r-111, r-123mt, r-130m, r-809m2, r-859d and r-863 of 802
p-238bt  switchboard vehicle (kompleksnaya apparatnaya telegrafnoj svyazi) sas- and chiffrier services
p-239bt  switchboard vehicle (kompleksnaya apparatnaya telegrafnoj svyazi) sas- and chiffrier services
p-240bt  switchboard vehicle (kompleksnaya apparatnaya telefonnoj svyazi) sas- and chiffrier services
p-241bt  switchboard vehicle (kompleksnaya apparatnaya telegrafnoj svyazi) sas- and chiffrier services
sedad - version of the btr-60pb with the turret replaced with a 23mm zu-23-2 cannon installed with an optical device and ccd camera to allow the gunner to fire from inside the vehicle with day/night firing capability.
iranian armed forces unveiled new btr-60 personnel carrier armed with sedad 23mm cannon - armyrecognition.com, 28 august 2014
btr-60pb fitted with the cardom 120/81 mm mortar system in its troop compartment.
the turret and the roof over the troop compartment have been removed.
the roof over the crew compartment along with both hatches remains.
a ladder was added to at least one side of the hull to allow easier mounting and dismounting.
it was designed by soltam.
btr-60 upgrade designed by nimda fitting it with new power unit and automatic transmission which improves both mobility and reliability.
nimda group ltd.  commercial and military systems in energy, transportation and automotive applications
btr-60 modernization designed by saymar.
following operations are carried out as a part of this modernization: removing of all of the vehicle's systems and parts.
adding a bolted on superstructure with two hatches in its front, going all the way from the front hatches to the engine compartment which is necessary to adapt the vehicle to the new systems and parts (the engine compartment now externally resembles the one russian mws however it doesn't have a service hatch in the back and is angled near the top, also it too has rear lights mounted on both sides of the engine compartment although the lights themselves are different.).
sand blasting and repainting the hull.
resembling the vehicle with new and improved systems and parts as well as installing a new split transfer box that includes a limited split differential and a monitoring system allowing driving in rough terrain and improving the cross-country capabilities.
replacing the two gaz-40p petrol engines with a single caterpillar diesel engine developing 300 hp.
fitting a number of new parts for the new engine including a clutch system, split gear case, axillary engine systems, cooling systems, air inlet system, exhaust system.
converting and adapting a new fuel system for the diesel engine and integrating new and bigger fuel tanks to increase the maximum operational range.
installing a new and advanced electrical system including an advance control panel as well as replacement of all internal and external lighting.
increasing the driver's field of view by installing a rear view camera with an lcd screen.
improving the man-machine interface.
the vehicle is armed with a pintle-mounted m2 heavy machine gun in the front and a second machine gun of a smaller caliber mounted on a "ring" in the rear.
the rear machine gun is controlled from the inside, uses the "ring" to move and can rotate a full 360.
the vehicle als has two whip antennas in the front part of the superstructure.
the modernization can also be applied to the btr-70.
saymar''s'' btr-60 and btr-70 modernization program promotional video.
youtube.com (31 august 2009).
retrieved on 21 september 2011.
apc-70  turret-less apc used by the mexican marines, based on a civilian variant of the btr-60 without firing ports, periscopes and with additional bulletproof windows.
armament consists of a single machine gun (either the heckler &
koch hk21 or fn mag-58 7.62) or a mk 19 grenade launcher.
it is also known under the designation btr-60pb-mx.
apc-70 fitted with an a-frame crane.
republik rakyat tiongkok
btr-60pb copy designed through reverse engineering.
btr-60pb fitted with an additional radio set.
btr-60pb modified by the msw automobile plant for use during the martial law in poland by zomo fitted with a two-sided breaker, weighting 1.5 tonnes, mounted to the front of the vehicle and a counter weight mounted to the rear of the vehicle.
the breaker itself is made out of rail tracks and a dozen mm thick plate.
it also has an additional protection on the ou-3 infrared searchlight as well as aerial seatbelts for the driver and commander.
pengguna saat ini
ot-64 skot  polish/czechoslovak equivalent to the soviet btr-60
btr-70 - penerus btr-60
hull, a.w., markov, d.r., zaloga, s.j. (1999) soviet/russian armor and artillery design practices 1945 to present.
a.v. karpenko (1996) obozreniye bronetankovoj tekhniki (19051995 gg.) nevskij bastion