puncak teori hubbert, juga dikenal dengan puncak minyak adalah sebuah teori berpengaruh mengenai pengambilan dan penghabisan jangka-panjang dari minyak bumi konvensional (dan bahan bakar fosil lainnya).teori ini dinamakan atas seorang geofisikawan amerika m. king hubbert, yang menciptakan sebuah model dari persediaan yang diketahui, dan mengusulkan sebuah teori.
pada 1956, hubbert mempresentasikan sebuah paper pada rapat american petroleum institute di mana ia memperkirakan produksi minyak di amerika serikat akan memuncak pada 1965 dan 1970.
dan produksi minyak amerika memang memuncak pada 1971, dan telah berkurang sejak saat itu.
hubbert mengusulkan bahwa penghitungan yang sama dapat diterapkan ke keadaan lainnya, seperti puncak produksi minya dunia.
beberapa perkiraan untuk puncak produksi dunia telah dibuat oleh hubbert dan lainnya, dengan beberapa tanggal tersebut sudah lewat pada masa lampau.
hal ini telah menimbulkan kritikan dari metode tersebut dan perkiraan yang dibuat dengan menggunakan metode tersebut.
teori puncak hubbert merupakan subjek dari diskusi yang berkelanjutan karena efek potensial dari produksi minyak yang rendah, dan karena debat yang terlur berlanjut dari aspek kebijakan energi.
abiogenic petroleum origin
krisis energi 1973
krisis energi 1979
1990 spike in the price of oil
peningkatan harga minyak 2004 dan 2005
"feature on united states oil production."
(november, 2002) aspo newsletter #23.
bentley, r.w. (2002).
global oil & gas depletion: an overview.
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greene, d.l. &
running out of and into oil: analyzing global depletion and transition through 2050 ornl/tm-2003/259, oak ridge national laboratory, oak ridge, tennessee, octobe
economists challenge causal link between oil shocks and recessions (august 30, 2004).
middle east economic survey vol.
xlvii no 35
hubbert, m. king. (1956) nuclear energy and the fossil fuels.
presented before the spring meeting of the southern district, american petroleum institute, plaza hotel, san antonio, texas, march 7-8-9, 1956.
maugeri, leonardo (2004).
oil: never cry wolf--why the petroleum age is far from over.
science 304, 1114-1115
bacaan lebih lanjut dan diskusi
michael ruppert, crossing the rubicon: the decline of the american empire at the end of the age of oil, new society publishers, 2004, isbn 0-86571-540-8
m. king hubbert, "energy from fossil fuels", science, vol. 109, pp. 103109, february 4, 1949
kenneth s. deffeyes, hubbert's peak: the impending world oil shortage, princeton university press, 2003, isbn 0-691-11625-3
colin j. campbell, the coming oil crisis, multi-science publishing co. ltd., 2004, isbn 0-906522-11-0
richard heinberg, the party's over: oil, war and the fate of industrial societies, new society publishers, 2003, isbn 0-86571-482-7
david goodstein, out of gas: the end of the age of oil, w.w. norton &
company, 2004, isbn 0-393-05857-3
stephen leeb and donna leeb, the oil factor: how oil controls the economy and your financial future, warner books, 2004, isbn 0-446-53317-3
amory b. lovins, e. kyle datta, odd-even bustnes, jonathan g. koomey, nathan j.
glasgow, winning the oil endgame: innovation for profits, jobs, and security, rocky mountain institute, 2004, isbn 1-881071-10-3
jeremy rifkin, the hydrogen economy: after oil, clean energy from a fuel-cell-driven global hydrogen web, blackwell publishers, 2002, isbn 0-7456-3042-1
paul roberts, the end of oil: on the edge of a perilous new world, houghton mifflin, 2004, isbn 0-618-23977-4
paul roberts, last stop gas, harper's magazine, august 2004, pp. 7172
documentary film the end of suburbia
dismissal of the claims of a biological connection for natural petroleum.
howard james kunstler the long emergency: surviving the converging catastrophes of the twenty-first century, atlantic monthly press, 2005, isbn 0-87113-888-3
matthew r. simmons, twilight in the desert: the coming saudi oil shock and the world economy, wiley, 2005, isbn 0-471-73876-x
the oilcrash, 2006
peak oil nz
peak oil news
peak oil wiki
big picture tv free video clip of petroleum geologist colin campbell discussing peak oil
energy bulletin - peak oil related news stories
peak oil forum
dwindling supply vs. abundant oil: a timely debate - general session of the society of petroleum engineers 2004
new peak oil website - online videos, articles and statistics.
peak oil reading list - books, articles, web sites and more
energy news and views
dry dipstick - a peak oil metadirectory
association for the study of peak oil and gas (aspo), founded by dr. colin j. campbell.
the bioregional revolution -organization promoting sustainability and bioregionalism in response to peak oil.
advokasi teori hubbert dan riset
aspo, association for the study of peak oil &
aspo ireland dr colin campbell's office
odac, oil depletion analysis centre independent, uk education charity
peak oil nz
powerswitch.org.uk - raising awareness of britain's energy future
chevron's peak oil website
peakoilaction people working together to raise awareness of oil depletion, prepare for post petroleum age
international peak oil awareness meetup meet others in your area on 2nd wednesday of month
peak oil and technocracy
hubbert peak of oil production
energy crisis/shortage, english, german
culture change, promotes lifestyle change as a reponse to the hubbert peak
ecological basis for great change
life after the oil crash
wolf at the door
planet for life
from the wilderness
before the wells run dry - analysis about the oil situation from feasta.org, an irish website
facts on the inevitable world-wide energy transition.
biography of dr hubbert,
post carbon institute
the end of suburbia
global public media
global public media: video &
sign the oil peak and decline declaration!
m. king hubbert center for petroleum supply studies
oilempire.us: 9/11 and peak oil
evaluating peak oil scenarios - will we use the remaining oil for solar panels or fighter planes?
permatopia.com - a graceful end to cheap oil
alt-e - virtual watering hole for alaskans groping their way into a future characterized by increasing high-quality primary-energy-source scarcity, i.e., a "bottleneck" future.
peak oil aware shop - strong, clear graphics to raise awareness of peak oil, printed t-shirts, stickers, buttons etc
the unsustainability of full employment and cheap energy
uk survival in the 21st century
review: oil-based technology and economy - prospects for the future the danish board of technology (teknologi-radet)
m. king hubbert on the nature of growth
peakoil conference 19-20 october 2004
graph showing oil production in lower 48 us states following hubbert's predictions
peak oil presentation by dr. campbell, tu clausthal
rep. prof. roscoe bartlett's hour long peak oil presentation to (an empty) u.s. house of representatives
an introduction to peak oil by jim bliss
oil: burnt out?
"the end of cheap oil", colin campbell &
jean laherrre on peak oil scientific american article
is the world's oil running out fast?
bbc news article
oil: is the end at hand?
the end of oil is closer than you think the guardian article
the end of oil?
mit technology review article
david goodstein on peak oil msnbc news article
how long will the world's oil last?
msnbc news article
the end of cheap oil national geographic article
will the end of oil mean the end of america?
common dreams newscenter article
top saudi says kingdom has plenty of oil "261 billion barrels in reserve..."
peak oil news blog
peak energy blog (bg)
resource insights blog
peak energy blog (mg)
james howard kunstler
yahoo group: running on empty
the oil drum
ontic - powerless nz
peak oil optimist
how much peak-oil is being talked about
flavor8: energy crisis news
the energy blog
alternate energy blogspot.
thewatt energy news and discussion
act peak oil discussion group
kritikan teori hubbert
pemex's oil estimates double: mexican oil company's estimate of reserves doubled.
peak oil -- not! - directory page addresses the theory in circulation that oil is not solely of organic origin, but that there may be another, inexhaustible mode of origin from deeper in the crust, involving magma.
will we run out of energy?
by mark brandly
top saudi says kingdom has plenty of oil "261 billion barrels in reserve..."
why peak oil will be a non-event.
the new pessimism about petroleum resources: debunking the hubbert model (and hubbert modelers)
the end of the age of oil?
known saudi arabian oil reserves tripled
peak production in the news again
international energy agency press release
oil shale back in the picture
dismissal of the claims of a biological connection for natural petroleum.
sustainable oil? (5-25-04 worldnet daily)
more evidence for sustainable oil (7-10-04 rense.com)
abiogenic gas debate 11:2002 (explorer)
unconventional ideas about unconventional gas (society of petroleum engineers)
oil recovery technology, nexial institute (nexit), dr. james h. l. lawler integrated system promising virtual total recovery, in excess of 95%
texas research institute promises a way out of the energy crisis
peak oil debunked
lee raymond of exxon mobile believes oil supplies will rise