alih komune di departemen aisne
alih komune di departemen aisne
'the discovery of the widespread nok culture and the recognition it was ancestral to the later highly developed yoruba art of ife' chambers encyclopaedia new revised edition, volume 10 page 40, international learning systems corporation ltd london
the yoruba are a people of great antiquity and have a record of impressive achievements in many fields of human activity.
the yoruba trace royal genealogies as far back as the 12th century but higher forms of political and social organizations have existed among the yoruba for much longer: it is thought they may have developed as early as the 1st millennium bc, and archaeological discoveries in the nok valley and on the island of jebba on the niger substantiate this' the new universal library volume 14 page 456 the caxton publishing company london
penyempurnaan budaya ini dibuktikan oleh citra pembesar nok di mia. pembesar ini digambarkan mengenakan "tongkat bengkok" (, ).
pembesar ini juga digambarkan duduk dengan lubang hidung melebar, dan menunjukkan mulut terbuka.
gambar lain menunjukkan angka di atas kuda, mengindikasikan bahwa budaya nok memiliki kuda.
penggunaan besi, di alat bantu peleburan dan tempa, muncul dalam budaya nok di afrika setidaknya 550 sm dan kemungkinan lebih awal.
christopher ehret telah menyarankan bahwa peleburan besi secara terpisah ditemukan di wilayah ini sebelum 1000 sm.jared diamond, 'guns, germs, dan steel: the fates of human societies' (1997) chapter 19duncan e. miller and n.j. van der merwe, 'early metal working in sub saharan africa' journal of african history 35 (1994) 1-36minze stuiver and n.j. van der merwe, 'radiocarbon chronology of the iron age in sub-saharan africa' current anthropology 1968.
tylecote 1975 (see below)
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