perkiraan perubahan ph air laut yang disebabkan oleh karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan manusia, sejak tahun 1700an sampai 1990an.
data dari global ocean data analysis project dan world ocean atlas
peningkatan keasaman air laut adalah peristiwa berkurangnya ph lautan yang berada di bumi, yang disebabkan oleh penyerapan karbon dioksida dari atmosfer (ph berkurang = keasaman meningkat).
diperkirakan 30-40% karbon dioksida yang dilepaskan oleh manusia ke atmosfer larut ke perairan.
untuk mempertahankan kesetimbangan kimia, sebagian akan bereaksi dengan air membentuk asam karbonat.
sebagian dari molekul asam karbonat akan beraksi dengan molekul air membentuk ion bikarbonat dan ion hydronium, sehingga meningkatkan keasaman laut.
antara tahun 1751 hingga 1994, ph permukaan laut diperkirakan menurun dari 8.25 menjadi 8.14, yang merupakan peningkatan konsentrasi ion hydronium sebanyak 30% di lautan.
report of the ocean acidification and oxygen working group, international council for science's scientific committee on ocean research (scor) biological observatories workshop
peningkatan keasaman air aut diperkirakan memiliki beragam konsekuensi, seperti penurunan laju metabolisme cumi-cumi jumbo(dosidicus gigas), penurunan sistem imunitas kerang biru, dan pemutihan koral.
reaksi kimia lain juga terjadi sehingga kadar ion karbonat di lautan yang tersedia akan berkurang.
hal ini akan menyulitkan bagi hewan laut yang membutuhkan ion karbonat bagi pertumbuhan hidupnya seperti koral untuk proses kalsifikasi tubuhnya, dan beberapa jenis plankton.
struktur yang mengandung ion karbonat pun akan cepat rapuh karena larut oleh asam.
peningkatan keasaman lautan akan memicu gangguan pada rantai makanan yang ada pada dan terhubung dengan lautan.
sebanyak 105 akademi ilmu pengetahuan telah mengeluarkan rekomendasi untuk mengurangi emisi karbon dioksida global sebanyak setidaknya 50% dari tingkat emisi tahun 1990., secretariat: twas (the academy of sciences for the developing world), trieste, italy.
peningkatan keasaman air laut telah terjadi sebelumnya dalam sejarah bumi, seperti peristiwa paleocene-eocene thermal maximum (petm), yang terjadi setidaknya 56 juta tahun yang lalu dan menyebabkan pelarutan struktur karbonat hewan laut hingga membentuk sedimen di basin lautan di seluruh dunia.
bahan bacaan terkait
antarctic climate and ecosystems cooperative research centre (ace crc) (2008).
position analysis: co2 emissions and climate change: ocean impacts and adaptation issues.
kleypas, j. a., r. a. feely, v. j. fabry, c.
langdon, c. l. sabine, and l. l. robbins.
impacts of ocean acidification on coral reefs and other marine calcifiers: a guide for further research, report of a workshop held 1820 april 2005, st.
petersburg, fl, sponsored by national science foundation, noaa and the u.s.
geological survei, 88pp.
riebesell, u., v. j. fabry, l. hansson and j.-p. gattuso (eds.). (2010).
guide to best practices for ocean acidification research and data reporting, 260 p.
luxembourg: publications office of the european union.
how acidification threatens oceans from the inside out scientific american august 9, 2010 by marah j. hardt and carl safina
ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, report by the royal society (uk)
ar4 wg1 chapter 5: oceanic climate change and sea level, ipcc
state of the science fact sheet: ocean acidification, noaa
carbon dioxide information analysis center (cdiac), the primary data analysis center of the u.s. department of energy (located at oak ridge national laboratory)
ocean acidification introduction, usgs
climate change threatening the southern ocean, report by csiro
the ocean in a high , an international science symposium series
the acid ocean  the other problem with , david archer (scientist), a realclimate discussion
regularly updated "blog" of ocean acidification publications and news, jean-pierre gattuso
task force on ocean acidification in the pacific, including recent presentations on ocean acidification, pacific science association
ocean acidification, a multimedia, interactive site from the world ocean observatory
acidic oceans: why should we care?
perspectives in ocean science, andrew dickson, scripps institution of oceanography
climate change: coral reefs on the edge a video presentation by prof. ove hoegh-guldberg on impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs
life in the sea found its fate in a paroxysm of extinction april 30, 2012
ocean acidification virtual lab
ocean acidification: starting with the science, a booklet from the division on earth &
life studies of the united states national research council (released april 2011)
ocean acidification, a united states national academy of sciences/ national research council website that includes downloadable figures and interviews with ocean scientists
ancient ocean acidification intimates long recovery from climate change, july 22, 2010
acidification alters fish behavior: higher carbon dioxide in oceans may affect brain chemistry february 25, 2012 science news
coordination of international research efforts and synthesis activities in ocean acidification.
understanding ocean acidification -- educational site from channel islands national marine sanctuary -- education team
dr. francisco chavez on ocean acidification  smithsonian ocean portal
european project of ocean acidification (epoca), a 4-year-long eu initiative to investigate ocean acidification (initiated june 2008)
biological impacts of ocean acidification (bioacid), a german initiative funded by bmbf
ocean acidification research programme (ukoarp), a 5-year-long uk initiative funded by nerc, defra and decc
research program on ocean acidification at the cluster of excellence "future ocean", kiel
ocean acidification research center at university of alaska fairbanks
effects of climate change and ocean acidification on living marine organisms: hearing before the subcommittee on oceans, atmosphere, fisheries, and coast guard of the committee on commerce, science, and transportation, united states senate, one hundred tenth congress, first session, may 10, 2007
the environmental and economic impacts of ocean acidification: hearing before the subcommittee on oceans, atmosphere, fisheries, and coast guard of the committee on commerce, science, and transportation, united states senate, one hundred eleventh congress, second session, april 22, 2010
ocean acidification congressional research service
threatening oceans from the inside out: how acidification affects marine life, scientific american
"the darkening sea, article in the new yorker magazine, nov. 20, 2006 (requires registration)
"growing acidity of oceans may kill corals", washington post
"scientists grapple with ocean acidification", abc news
"ocean acidification &
climate", by clayton sandell abc news
a world without whales?
by philippe cousteau, the huffington post
acid test: can we save our oceans from , oceana
the acid ocean, stanford university
sea change (parts one, two, and three), the seattle times
the other , an epoca-commissioned educational animation created by students from ridgeway school, plymouth
acid test: the global challenge of ocean acidification, by natural resources defense council
a sea change: imagine a world without fish, an award-winning documentary and related blog about ocean acidification
ocean acidification in a nutshell, by greenpeace aotearoa new zealand
ocean acidification: an ecosystem facing dissolution by geomar i helmholtz-centre for ocean research kiel
co2sys, a stand-alone executable (also available in a version for microsoft excel/vba)
seacarb, a r package for windows, mac os x and linux (also available here)
csys, a matlab script
kategori:efek pemanasan global