standard oil co. inc. adalah bekas perusahaan minyak asal amerika serikat.
didirikan tahun 1870 sebagai korporasi di ohio, standard pernah menjadi pengilang minyak bumi terbesar di dunia.
sejarahnya yang kontroversial sebagai perusahaan multinasional pertama dan terbesar di dunia pada masanya berakhir tahun 1911, ketika mahkamah agung amerika serikat memutuskan bahwa standard melakukan monopoli ilegal.
standard oil mendominasi pasar produk minyak melalui integrasi horizontal di sektor pengilangan, dan kemudian juga pada integrasi vertikal.
standard oil menguasai produksi dan logistik, memangkas harga, dan mematikan kompetitornya.
para kritikus menuduh standard memasang harga agresif untuk menghancurkan kompetitornya dan membentuk monopoli yang membahayakan konsumen.
john d. rockefeller merupakan pendiri dan pemegang saham utama.
dengan dipecahnya standard oil menjadi 33 perusahaan yang lebih kecil, rockefeller menjadi orang terkaya dunia pada waktu itu.
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chernow, ron. titan: the life of john d.
rockefeller, sr. london: warner books, 1998.
cochran, s., encountering chinese networks: western, japanese, and chinese corporations in china, 1880-1937, university of california press, 2000.
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new york: ayer co. publishing, 1976.
standard oil: the first 125 years.
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hidy, ralph w. and muriel e. hidy.
history of standard oil co. (new jersey : pioneering in big business 18821911).
new york: ayer co. publishing, 1987.
the trust problem in the united states 1922.
chapter 5; online edition
klein, henry h. dynastic america and those who own it. new york: kessinger publishing, [1921] reprint, 2003.
knowlton, evelyn h. and george s. gibb.
history of standard oil co.: resurgent years 19111927.
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larson, henrietta m., evelyn h. knowlton and charles s. popple.
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primary and secondary sources.
manns, leslie d. "dominance in the oil industry: standard oil from 1865 to 1911" in david i. rosenbaum ed, market dominance: how firms gain, hold, or lose it and the impact on economic performance.
montague, gilbert holland.
the rise and progress of the standard oil co. (1902) online edition
montague, gilbert holland.
"the rise and supremacy of the standard oil co.," quarterly journal of economics, vol. 16, no. 2 (february, 1902), pp. 265292 in jstor
montague, gilbert holland.
"the later history of the standard oil co.," quarterly journal of economics, vol. 17, no. 2 (february, 1903), pp. 293325 in jstor
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new york: charles scribner's sons, 1940.
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rockefeller, industrialist and philanthropist. 2 vols.
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