konsep kongres dua kamar berasal dari keinginan para bapak pendiri amerika serikat untuk menciptakan sebuah "dewan perwakilan rakyat" yang sedapat mungkin menyerupai dan mengikuti pendapat umum, dibandingkan dengan senat yang lebih diwarnai oleh perdebatan, yang lebih terdidik dan berhati-hati yang tidak begitu dipengaruhi oleh dorongan sentimen massa.
umumnya dewan ini disebut "majelis rendah", dan senat sebagai "majelis tinggi", meskipun konstitusi as tidak menggunakan istilah seperti itu.
konstitusi mensyaratkan bahwa persetujuan kedua dewan ini diperlukan agar suatu rancangan undang-undang dapat disetujui.
setiap negara bagian amerika serikat mempunyai dua orang anggota dpr yang mempunyai masa jabatan 6 tahun, dan dapat dipilih kembali tanpa batas.
karena pemilu as diselenggarakan setiap dua tahun (setiap bulan november tahun genap), setiap kursi anggota dpr akan habis masanya setiap 3 kali pemilihan.
saat ini, dpr amerika serikat terdiri dari 435 anggotanya.
tahun partai politik
demokrat republik independen
bacaan lebih lanjut
galloway, george b. history of the house of representatives.
edisi revisi, 1976.
macneil, neil. forge of democracy: the house of representatives (1963) sejarah popular
peters, ronald m., jr. the american speakership: the office in historical perspective.
johns hopkins u. press, 1990. 354 hlm.
polsby, nelson w. how congress evolves: social bases of institutional change oxford u. press, 2003.
poole, keith t. and howard rosenthal, congress: a political-economic history of roll call voting oxford university press, 1997; menggunakan angka nominasi mereka untuk menangani daftar hadir
remini, robert v. the house: the history of the house of representatives (2006), sejarah yang standar, ditulis secara ilmiah
majority leadership in the u.s. house.
johns hopkins u. press, 1984.
zelizer, julian e. ed. the american congress: the building of democracy (2004), tinjauan oleh sejumlah pakar
david w. brady and mathew d. mccubbins.
party, process, and political change in congress: new perspectives on the history of congress (2002)
brady, david w. congressional voting in a partisan era: a study of the mckinley houses and a comparison to the modern house of representatives.
u. pr. of kansas, 1973. 273 hlm.
the origins of the standing committees and the development of the modern house.
rice u. press, 1970.
linda grant de pauw, charlene bangs bickford, and kenneth r. bowling, eds.
documentary history of the first federal congress of the united states of america, march 4, 1789-march 3, 1791 (1992- 2006) 14 jilid dokumen primer
ronald l. hatzenbuehler, "party unity and the decision for war in the house of representatives in 1812," william and mary quarterly 29 (1972): 367-90;
henig, gerald s. henry winter davis: antebellum and civil war congressman from maryland. 1973. 332 hlm.
pemimpin radikal dari masa perang saudara
klingman, peter d. josiah walls: florida's black congressman of reconstruction.
press of florida, 1976.
george w. norris: the making of a progressive, 1861-1912 vol. 1.
syracuse u. press, 1963.
pemimpin pemberontakan republikan pada 1910
margulies, herbert f. reconciliation and revival: james r. mann and the house republicans in the wilson era. greenwood, 1996.
congressional conservatism and the new deal: the growth of the conservative coalition in congress, 1933-39 (1967)
robert v. remini.
henry clay: statesman for the union (1992) . ketua pada sebagian besar periode 1811-1825
strahan, randall; moscardelli, vincent g.; haspel, moshe; and wike, richard s. "the clay speakership revisited" polity 2000 32(4): 561-593.
issn: 0032-3497 menggunakan analisis daftar hadir
stewart, charles h., iii. budget reform politics: the design of the appropriations process in the house of representatives, 1865-1921.
cambridge u. press, 1989.
trefousse, hans l. thaddeus stevens: nineteenth-century egalitarian (1997) pemimpin mayoritas pada 1860-an
waller, robert a. rainey of illinois: a political biography, 1903-34.
u. of illinois press, 1977.
ketua dari demokrat 1932-34
barone, michael, and grant ujifusa, the almanac of american politics 2006: the senators, the representatives and the governors: their records and election results, their states and districts (2005).
diterbitkan setiap dua tahun sejak 1975; sangat terinci tentang setiap negara bagian, distrik dan anggota.
albert, carl and goble, danney.
little giant: the life and times of speaker carl albert. u. of oklahoma press, 1990.
ketua pada 1970-an
barry, john m. the ambition and the power: the fall of jim wright.
a true story of washington.
ketua pada 1980-an
berard, stanley p. southern democrats in the u.s. house of representatives.
u. of oklahoma press, 2001.
congressional quarterly congress and the nation: 2001-2004: a review of government and politics: 107th and 108th congresses (2005); sangat tebal, ringkasan yang sangat terinci tentang aktivitas kongres, serta keputusan-keputusan eksekutif dan yudisial penting; berdasarkan congressional quarterly weekly report dan almanak tahunan cq.
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1997-2001 (2002)
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1993-1996 (1998)
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1989-1992 (1993)
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1985-1988 (1989)
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1977-1980 (1981)
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1973-1976 (1977)
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1969-1972 (1973)
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1965-1968 (1969)
congressional quarterly, congress and the nation: 1945-1964 (1965), terbitan pertama dari seri ini
cox, gary w. and mccubbins, mathew d.
legislative leviathan: party government in the house.
u. of california press, 1993. 324 hlm.
currie, james t. the united states house of representatives.
239 pp survai singkat
degregorio, christine a. networks of champions: leadership, access, and advocacy in the u.s. house of representatives.
u. of michigan press, 1997.
dierenfield, bruce j. keeper of the rules: congressman howard w. smith of virginia u.
press of virginia, 1987.
pemimpin koalisi konservatif 1940-66
farrell, john a. tip o'neill and the democratic century little, brown, 2001.
ketua kongres dari demokrat pada 1980-an
gertzog, irwin j. congressional women: their recruitment, treatment, and behavior praeger, 1984.
hardeman, d. b. and bacon, donald c. rayburn: a biography.
texas monthly press, 1987. 554 hlm.
hechler, ken. toward the endless frontier: history of the committee on science and technology, 1959-79.
washington: government printing office, 1980.
hibbing, john r. congressional careers: contours of life in the u.s. house of representatives.
u. of north carolina press, 1991.
jacobs, john. a rage for justice: the passion and politics of phillip burton.
u. of california press., 1995. 578 hlm. pemimpin demokrat liberal pada 1970-an
jacobson, gary c. the electoral origins of divided government: competition in u.s.
house elections, 1946-1988.
westview, 1990. 152 hlm.
kiewiet, d. roderick and mccubbins, mathew d.
the logic of delegation: congressional parties and the appropriations process.
u. of chicago press, 1991.
merriner, james l. mr. chairman: power in dan rostenkowski's america.
southern illinois u. pr., 1999.
ketua demokrat dari sarana dan prasarana pada 1980-an
price, david e. the congressional experience: a view from the hill. westview, 1992.
oleh seorang ahli ilmu politik yang berdinas di dewan
rohde, david w. parties and leaders in the postreform house.
u. of chicago press, 1991. 232 hlm.
rohde, david w. and kenneth a. shepsle, "leaders and followers in the house of representatives: reflections on woodrow wilson's congressional government," congress &
the presidency 14 (1987): 111-33
schooley, c. herschel.
missouri's cannon in the house.
marceline, mo.: walsworth, 1977. 282 hlm.
mengetuai apropriasi pada 1960-an
schickler, eric. disjointed pluralism: institutional innovation and the development of the u.s. congress (2001)
shelley ii, mack c. the permanent majority: the conservative coalition in the united states congress (1983)
legislators, leaders, and lawmaking: the u.s. house of representatives in the postreform era.
johns hopkins u. press, 1995.
congressional realignment, 1925-1978.
u. of texas press, 1982.
sam rayburn: a biography.
new ways and means: reform and change in a congressional committee.
u. of north carolina press, 1990.
vanbeek, stephen d. post-passage politics: bicameral resolution in congress.
u. of pittsburgh press, 1995.
julian e. zelizer.
on capitol hill : the struggle to reform congress and its consequences, 1948-2000 (2006)
berman, daniel m. (1964).
in congress assembled: the legislative process in the national government.
london: the macmillan company.
congressional quarterly's guide to congress, 5th ed. (2000).
washington, d.c.: congressional quarterly press.
commentaries on the constitution of the united states.
boston: brown &
new york: houghton mifflin.
"the speaker of the house house officer, party leader, and representative"
kategori:pemerintahan amerika serikat