alih daftar kota di luksemburg
menurut catatan sejarah agung, setelah qin shi huang berhasil menyatukan cina, kanselirnya li si mengusulkan agar diskursus intelektual dihabisi agar pemikiran politik dapat disatukan.
usulan ini didukung oleh tuduhan bahwa kaum intelligentsia melakukan pembangkangan melalui libel.
maka, dimulai dari tahun 213 sm, semua karya klasik seratus aliran pemikiran - kecuali yang berasal dari mazhab li si yaitu legalisme - dibakar.
qin shi huang juga membakar catatan sejarah lain karena dapat mengganggu keabsahan kekuasaannya, dan menulis buku sejarahnya sendiri.
li si kemudian mengusulkan agar semua sejarah di arsip kekaisaran dibakar, kecuali yang ditulis oleh sejarawan qin. ia juga mengusulkan agar orang yang mendiskusikan buku-buku tersebut dihukum mati, agar orang yang menggunakan karya-karya tersebut untuk menyindir politik kontemporer dihukum mati bersama keluarganya, dan agar mereka yang tidak membakar buku tersebut selama 30 hari dibuang ke utara untuk membantu pembangunan tembok besar cina. hanya buku mengenai perang, kedokteran, pertanian dan divinasi yang disisakan.in chinese: ":
,", from shiji chapter 6.
the basic annals of the first emperor of qin, thirty fourth year (213 bc).
english translation: chancellor li si said: "i, your servant, propose that all historian's records other than those of qin's be burned.
with the exception of the academics whose duty includes possessing books, if anyone under heaven has copies of the shi jing, the classic of history, or the writings of the hundred schools of philosophy, they shall deliver them (the books) to the governor or the commandant for burning.
anyone who dares to discuss the shi jing or the classic of history shall be publicly executed.
anyone who uses history to criticize the present shall have his family executed.
any official who sees the violations but fails to report them is equally guilty.
anyone who has failed to burn the books after thirty days of this announcement shall be subjected to tattooing and be sent to build the great wall. the books that have exemption are those on medicine, divination, agriculture and forestry.
those who have interest in laws shall instead study from officials.
setelah ditipu oleh dua ahli alkimia saat mencari rahasia awet muda, qin shi huang juga memerintahkan agar 460 ahli di ibukota dikubur hidup-hidup, meskipun menurut wei hong jumlahnya mencapai 700.
beberapa di antaranya juga merupakan ahli konfusius.in chinese: ",,
", from shiji chapter 6.
english translation: the first emperor therefore directed the imperial censor to investigate the scholars one by one.
the scholars accused each other, and so the emperor personally determined their fate.
more than 460 of them were buried alive at xianyang, and the event is announced to all under heaven for warning followers.
more people were internally exiled to border regions.
fusu, the eldest son of the emperor, counselled: "the empire just achieved peace, and the barbarians in distant areas have not surrendered.
the scholars all venerate confucius and take him as a role model.
your servant fears if your majesty punish them so severely, it may cause unrest in the empire.
please observe this, your majesty."
(1punctuation and therefore translation is ambiguous here.
punctuation given here reflects the 1959 zhonghua shuju () edition.)
the burning of the books
jing liao, a historical perspective : the root cause for the underdevelopment of user services in chinese academic libraries, the journal of academic librarianship, vol.30, num. 2, pages 109-115, march 2004.
kategori:artikel mengandung aksara tionghoa
kategori:rintisan bertopik sejarah