cause_word
stringlengths
1
128
cause_id
int64
0
3.53k
effect_word
stringlengths
1
57
effect_id
int64
0
3.5k
pattern
stringlengths
46
75
sentence
stringlengths
15
24.1k
dependencies
stringlengths
209
315k
Andersson
0
soundtrack
3
[[cause]]/N -nsubj produced/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
Andersson produced the soundtrack utilising many of the musicians ABBA used on their albums and tours.
digraph { N_1 [label="Andersson/NNP-1"]; N_2 [label="produced/VBD-2"]; N_3 [label="the/DT-3"]; N_4 [label="soundtrack/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="utilising/VBG-5"]; N_6 [label="many/JJ-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="the/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="musicians/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label="ABBA/NNP-10"]; N_11 [label="used/VBD-11"]; N_12 [label="on/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="their/PRP$-13"]; N_14 [label="albums/NNS-14"]; N_15 [label="and/CC-15"]; N_16 [label="tours/NNS-16"]; N_17 [label="./.-17"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_2 -> N_17 [label="punct"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="dobj"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="acl"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:of"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_11 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_11 -> N_16 [label="nmod:on"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="nsubj"]; N_11 -> N_14 [label="nmod:on"]; N_14 -> N_16 [label="conj:and"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="cc"]; }
work
2
decision
10
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Her environmental work for this organisation led up to the decision to record again.
digraph { N_1 [label="Her/PRP$-1"]; N_2 [label="environmental/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="work/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="for/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="this/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="organisation/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="led/VBD-7"]; N_8 [label="up/RP-8"]; N_9 [label="to/TO-9"]; N_10 [label="the/DT-10"]; N_11 [label="decision/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="to/TO-12"]; N_13 [label="record/VB-13"]; N_14 [label="again/RB-14"]; N_15 [label="./.-15"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:for"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_7 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_7 -> N_11 [label="nmod:to"]; N_7 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_11 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="det"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="acl:to"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="mark"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="advmod"]; }
Ulvaeus
0
Arrival
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj contributed/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Ulvaeus also contributed lyrics to ABBA's 1976 instrumental track "Arrival" for Sarah Brightman's cover version recorded for her 2008 album Winter Symphony.
digraph { N_1 [label="Ulvaeus/NNP-1"]; N_2 [label="also/RB-2"]; N_3 [label="contributed/VBD-3"]; N_4 [label="lyrics/NNS-4"]; N_5 [label="to/TO-5"]; N_6 [label="ABBA/NNP-6"]; N_7 [label="'s/POS-7"]; N_8 [label="1976/CD-8"]; N_9 [label="instrumental/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="track/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="``/``-11"]; N_12 [label="Arrival/NNP-12"]; N_13 [label="''/''-13"]; N_14 [label="for/IN-14"]; N_15 [label="Sarah/NNP-15"]; N_16 [label="Brightman/NNP-16"]; N_17 [label="'s/POS-17"]; N_18 [label="cover/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="version/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="recorded/VBN-20"]; N_21 [label="for/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="her/PRP$-22"]; N_23 [label="2008/CD-23"]; N_24 [label="album/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="Winter/NNP-25"]; N_26 [label="Symphony/NNP-26"]; N_27 [label="./.-27"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="advmod"]; N_3 -> N_4 [label="dobj"]; N_3 -> N_27 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_12 [label="nmod:to"]; N_6 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_19 [label="nmod:for"]; N_12 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_6 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_12 -> N_8 [label="nummod"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="compound"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_20 [label="acl"]; N_19 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_20 -> N_26 [label="nmod:for"]; N_26 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_22 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_26 -> N_23 [label="nummod"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="compound"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="compound"]; }
Choreography
0
style
9
[[cause]]/N -nsubj contributed/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Choreography by Graham Tainton also contributed to their performance style.
digraph { N_1 [label="Choreography/NN-1"]; N_2 [label="by/IN-2"]; N_3 [label="Graham/NNP-3"]; N_4 [label="Tainton/NNP-4"]; N_5 [label="also/RB-5"]; N_6 [label="contributed/VBD-6"]; N_7 [label="to/TO-7"]; N_8 [label="their/PRP$-8"]; N_9 [label="performance/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="style/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="./.-11"]; N_1 -> N_4 [label="nmod:by"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="compound"]; N_6 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="advmod"]; N_6 -> N_10 [label="nmod:to"]; N_6 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="compound"]; }
Kierkegaard
12
use
1
[[cause]]/N -nmod:to attributed/VBN +nsubjpass [[effect]]/N
The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855).
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="use/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="term/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="was/VBD-6"]; N_7 [label="first/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="attributed/VBN-8"]; N_9 [label="to/TO-9"]; N_10 [label="Danish/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="philosopher/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="Søren/NNP-12"]; N_13 [label="Kierkegaard/NNP-13"]; N_14 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--14"]; N_15 [label="1813/CD-15"]; N_16 [label="--/:-16"]; N_17 [label="1855/CD-17"]; N_18 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--18"]; N_19 [label="./.-19"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_8 -> N_19 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="auxpass"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="advmod"]; N_8 -> N_13 [label="nmod:to"]; N_13 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="compound"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_13 -> N_15 [label="dep"]; N_15 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_17 [label="dep"]; N_15 -> N_18 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; }
volatilization
21
contamination
18
[[cause]]/N -nmod:from risk/NN +nmod:of [[effect]]/N
Higher temperatures of up to around 850 °C may increase the yield, at the risk of bismuth contamination from concurrent volatilization.
digraph { N_1 [label="Higher/JJR-1"]; N_2 [label="temperatures/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="up/RB-4"]; N_5 [label="to/TO-5"]; N_6 [label="around/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="850/CD-7"]; N_8 [label="°C/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="may/MD-9"]; N_10 [label="increase/VB-10"]; N_11 [label="the/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="yield/NN-12"]; N_13 [label=",/,-13"]; N_14 [label="at/IN-14"]; N_15 [label="the/DT-15"]; N_16 [label="risk/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="of/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="bismuth/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="contamination/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="from/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="concurrent/JJ-21"]; N_22 [label="volatilization/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="./.-23"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_2 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_4 [label="advmod"]; N_7 -> N_5 [label="dep"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="advmod"]; N_8 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="nummod"]; N_10 -> N_16 [label="nmod:at"]; N_10 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="aux"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_19 [label="nmod:of"]; N_16 -> N_22 [label="nmod:from"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="compound"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="amod"]; }
attempts
14
discoveries
19
[[cause]]/N -nsubj resulted/VBD +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Scientists tried to find it in nature; given its extreme rarity, these attempts resulted in several false discoveries.
digraph { N_1 [label="Scientists/NNS-1"]; N_2 [label="tried/VBD-2"]; N_3 [label="to/TO-3"]; N_4 [label="find/VB-4"]; N_5 [label="it/PRP-5"]; N_6 [label="in/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="nature/NN-7"]; N_8 [label=";/:-8"]; N_9 [label="given/VBN-9"]; N_10 [label="its/PRP$-10"]; N_11 [label="extreme/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="rarity/NN-12"]; N_13 [label=",/,-13"]; N_14 [label="these/DT-14"]; N_15 [label="attempts/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label="resulted/VBD-16"]; N_17 [label="in/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="several/JJ-18"]; N_19 [label="false/JJ-19"]; N_20 [label="discoveries/NNS-20"]; N_21 [label="./.-21"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="xcomp"]; N_2 -> N_21 [label="punct"]; N_2 -> N_8 [label="punct"]; N_2 -> N_12 [label="nmod:given"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="mark"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="dobj"]; N_4 -> N_7 [label="nmod:in"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_16 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_20 [label="nmod:in"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="nsubj"]; N_20 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_20 -> N_18 [label="amod"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="amod"]; }
reactivity
9
absence
1
[[cause]]/N -nmod:to attributed/VBN +nsubjpass [[effect]]/N
Their absence has been speculatively attributed to the extreme reactivity of such compounds, including the reaction of an initially formed fluoride with the walls of the glass container to form a non-volatile product.
digraph { N_1 [label="Their/PRP$-1"]; N_2 [label="absence/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="has/VBZ-3"]; N_4 [label="been/VBN-4"]; N_5 [label="speculatively/RB-5"]; N_6 [label="attributed/VBN-6"]; N_7 [label="to/TO-7"]; N_8 [label="the/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="extreme/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="reactivity/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="of/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="such/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="compounds/NNS-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="including/VBG-15"]; N_16 [label="the/DT-16"]; N_17 [label="reaction/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="of/IN-18"]; N_19 [label="an/DT-19"]; N_20 [label="initially/RB-20"]; N_21 [label="formed/VBN-21"]; N_22 [label="fluoride/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="with/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="the/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="walls/NNS-25"]; N_26 [label="of/IN-26"]; N_27 [label="the/DT-27"]; N_28 [label="glass/NN-28"]; N_29 [label="container/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="to/TO-30"]; N_31 [label="form/VB-31"]; N_32 [label="a/DT-32"]; N_33 [label="non-volatile/JJ-33"]; N_34 [label="product/NN-34"]; N_35 [label="./.-35"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_6 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_6 -> N_3 [label="aux"]; N_6 -> N_35 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="auxpass"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="advmod"]; N_6 -> N_10 [label="nmod:to"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="nmod:of"]; N_13 -> N_17 [label="nmod:including"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="det"]; N_17 -> N_22 [label="nmod:of"]; N_17 -> N_15 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_31 [label="acl:to"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="advmod"]; N_22 -> N_18 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_19 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="amod"]; N_22 -> N_25 [label="nmod:with"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_25 -> N_29 [label="nmod:of"]; N_29 -> N_26 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="det"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="compound"]; N_31 -> N_34 [label="dobj"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="mark"]; N_34 -> N_32 [label="det"]; N_34 -> N_33 [label="amod"]; }
nuclide
25
necrosis
28
[[cause]]/N +acl resulting/VBG +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Experiments in rats and monkeys suggest that astatine-211 causes much greater damage to the thyroid gland than does iodine-131, with repetitive injection of the nuclide resulting in necrosis and cell dysplasia within the gland.
digraph { N_1 [label="Experiments/NNS-1"]; N_2 [label="in/IN-2"]; N_3 [label="rats/NNS-3"]; N_4 [label="and/CC-4"]; N_5 [label="monkeys/NNS-5"]; N_6 [label="suggest/VBP-6"]; N_7 [label="that/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="astatine-211/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="causes/VBZ-9"]; N_10 [label="much/RB-10"]; N_11 [label="greater/JJR-11"]; N_12 [label="damage/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="to/TO-13"]; N_14 [label="the/DT-14"]; N_15 [label="thyroid/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="gland/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="than/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="does/VBZ-18"]; N_19 [label="iodine-131/NN-19"]; N_20 [label=",/,-20"]; N_21 [label="with/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="repetitive/JJ-22"]; N_23 [label="injection/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="of/IN-24"]; N_25 [label="the/DT-25"]; N_26 [label="nuclide/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="resulting/VBG-27"]; N_28 [label="in/IN-28"]; N_29 [label="necrosis/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="and/CC-30"]; N_31 [label="cell/NN-31"]; N_32 [label="dysplasia/NN-32"]; N_33 [label="within/IN-33"]; N_34 [label="the/DT-34"]; N_35 [label="gland/NN-35"]; N_36 [label="./.-36"]; N_1 -> N_3 [label="nmod:in"]; N_1 -> N_5 [label="nmod:in"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="case"]; N_3 -> N_4 [label="cc"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="conj:and"]; N_6 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_6 -> N_36 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="ccomp"]; N_9 -> N_18 [label="advcl"]; N_9 -> N_20 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="mark"]; N_9 -> N_23 [label="nmod:with"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="advmod"]; N_12 -> N_16 [label="nmod:to"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="dep"]; N_18 -> N_19 [label="nsubj"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="amod"]; N_23 -> N_26 [label="nmod:of"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="det"]; N_26 -> N_27 [label="acl"]; N_27 -> N_32 [label="nmod:in"]; N_27 -> N_29 [label="nmod:in"]; N_29 -> N_32 [label="conj:and"]; N_29 -> N_35 [label="nmod:within"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_30 [label="cc"]; N_32 -> N_31 [label="compound"]; N_35 -> N_33 [label="case"]; N_35 -> N_34 [label="det"]; }
injection
4
changes
12
[[cause]]/N -nsubj caused/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
Early research suggested that injection of astatine into female rodents caused morphological changes in breast tissue; this conclusion remained controversial for many years.
digraph { N_1 [label="Early/RB-1"]; N_2 [label="research/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="suggested/VBD-3"]; N_4 [label="that/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="injection/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="of/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="astatine/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="into/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="female/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="rodents/NNS-10"]; N_11 [label="caused/VBD-11"]; N_12 [label="morphological/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="changes/NNS-13"]; N_14 [label="in/IN-14"]; N_15 [label="breast/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="tissue/NN-16"]; N_17 [label=";/:-17"]; N_18 [label="this/DT-18"]; N_19 [label="conclusion/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="remained/VBD-20"]; N_21 [label="controversial/JJ-21"]; N_22 [label="for/IN-22"]; N_23 [label="many/JJ-23"]; N_24 [label="years/NNS-24"]; N_25 [label="./.-25"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_17 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_20 [label="parataxis"]; N_3 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_11 [label="ccomp"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_10 [label="nmod:into"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_4 [label="mark"]; N_11 -> N_5 [label="nsubj"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="dobj"]; N_13 -> N_16 [label="nmod:in"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="det"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="nsubj"]; N_20 -> N_21 [label="xcomp"]; N_20 -> N_24 [label="nmod:for"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="amod"]; }
Al2O3
19
AcOBr
33
[[cause]]/N -nsubj results/VBZ +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Reaction of aluminium bromide and actinium oxide yields actinium tribromide: Ac2O3 + 2 AlBr3 → 2 AcBr3 + Al2O3 and treating it with ammonium hydroxide at 500 °C results in the oxybromide AcOBr.
digraph { N_1 [label="Reaction/NN-1"]; N_2 [label="of/IN-2"]; N_3 [label="aluminium/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="bromide/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="and/CC-5"]; N_6 [label="actinium/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="oxide/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="yields/NNS-8"]; N_9 [label="actinium/VBP-9"]; N_10 [label="tribromide/NN-10"]; N_11 [label=":/:-11"]; N_12 [label="Ac2O3/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="+/CC-13"]; N_14 [label="2/CD-14"]; N_15 [label="AlBr3/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="→/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="2/CD-17"]; N_18 [label="AcBr3/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="+/CC-19"]; N_20 [label="Al2O3/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="and/CC-21"]; N_22 [label="treating/VBG-22"]; N_23 [label="it/PRP-23"]; N_24 [label="with/IN-24"]; N_25 [label="ammonium/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="hydroxide/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="at/IN-27"]; N_28 [label="500/CD-28"]; N_29 [label="°C/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="results/VBZ-30"]; N_31 [label="in/IN-31"]; N_32 [label="the/DT-32"]; N_33 [label="oxybromide/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="AcOBr/NN-34"]; N_35 [label="./.-35"]; N_1 -> N_4 [label="nmod:of"]; N_1 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="cc"]; N_4 -> N_8 [label="conj:and"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="compound"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="compound"]; N_9 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_35 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="dobj"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_30 [label="appos"]; N_12 -> N_18 [label="conj:+"]; N_12 -> N_19 [label="cc"]; N_12 -> N_20 [label="conj:+"]; N_12 -> N_21 [label="cc"]; N_12 -> N_22 [label="conj:+"]; N_12 -> N_13 [label="cc"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="nummod"]; N_18 -> N_14 [label="nummod"]; N_18 -> N_15 [label="compound"]; N_22 -> N_23 [label="dobj"]; N_22 -> N_26 [label="nmod:with"]; N_22 -> N_29 [label="nmod:at"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="compound"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="nummod"]; N_30 -> N_18 [label="nsubj"]; N_30 -> N_34 [label="nmod:in"]; N_30 -> N_20 [label="nsubj"]; N_30 -> N_22 [label="nsubj"]; N_30 -> N_12 [label="nsubj"]; N_34 -> N_32 [label="det"]; N_34 -> N_33 [label="compound"]; N_34 -> N_31 [label="case"]; }
resin
9
factor
20
[[cause]]/N -nsubj result/VB +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
An alternative procedure is anion exchange with an appropriate resin in nitric acid, which can result in a separation factor of 1,000,000 for radium and actinium vs. thorium in a two-stage process.
digraph { N_1 [label="An/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="alternative/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="procedure/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="is/VBZ-4"]; N_5 [label="anion/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="exchange/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="with/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="an/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="appropriate/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="resin/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="in/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="nitric/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="acid/NN-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="which/WDT-15"]; N_16 [label="can/MD-16"]; N_17 [label="result/VB-17"]; N_18 [label="in/IN-18"]; N_19 [label="a/DT-19"]; N_20 [label="separation/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="factor/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="of/IN-22"]; N_23 [label="1,000,000/CD-23"]; N_24 [label="for/IN-24"]; N_25 [label="radium/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="and/CC-26"]; N_27 [label="actinium/NN-27"]; N_28 [label="vs./CC-28"]; N_29 [label="thorium/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="in/IN-30"]; N_31 [label="a/DT-31"]; N_32 [label="two-stage/JJ-32"]; N_33 [label="process/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="./.-34"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_6 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="cop"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="compound"]; N_6 -> N_10 [label="nmod:with"]; N_10 -> N_17 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="nmod:in"]; N_10 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_15 [label="ref"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="aux"]; N_17 -> N_21 [label="nmod:in"]; N_17 -> N_10 [label="nsubj"]; N_21 -> N_33 [label="nmod:in"]; N_21 -> N_18 [label="case"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="det"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="compound"]; N_21 -> N_23 [label="nmod:of"]; N_21 -> N_25 [label="nmod:for"]; N_21 -> N_27 [label="nmod:for"]; N_21 -> N_29 [label="nmod:for"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_26 [label="cc"]; N_25 -> N_27 [label="conj:and"]; N_25 -> N_28 [label="cc"]; N_25 -> N_29 [label="conj:vs."]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="amod"]; N_33 -> N_30 [label="case"]; N_33 -> N_31 [label="det"]; }
temperatures
1
ones
10
[[cause]]/N -nsubj resulted/VBD +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Higher temperatures resulted in evaporation of the product and lower ones lead to an incomplete transformation.
digraph { N_1 [label="Higher/JJR-1"]; N_2 [label="temperatures/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="resulted/VBD-3"]; N_4 [label="in/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="evaporation/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="of/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="the/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="product/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="and/CC-9"]; N_10 [label="lower/JJR-10"]; N_11 [label="ones/NNS-11"]; N_12 [label="lead/VBP-12"]; N_13 [label="to/TO-13"]; N_14 [label="an/DT-14"]; N_15 [label="incomplete/JJ-15"]; N_16 [label="transformation/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="./.-17"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_17 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="nmod:in"]; N_3 -> N_11 [label="nmod:in"]; N_3 -> N_12 [label="dep"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_9 [label="cc"]; N_5 -> N_11 [label="conj:and"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_16 [label="nmod:to"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; }
oxalate
29
yields
14
[[cause]]/N -nsubj results/VBZ +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Mixing monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) with a solution of actinium in hydrochloric acid yields white-colored actinium phosphate hemihydrate (AcPO4·0.5H2O), and heating actinium oxalate with hydrogen sulfide vapors at 1400 °C for a few minutes results in a black actinium sulfide Ac2S3.
digraph { N_1 [label="Mixing/VBG-1"]; N_2 [label="monosodium/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="phosphate/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--4"]; N_5 [label="NaH2PO4/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--6"]; N_7 [label="with/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="a/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="solution/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="of/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="actinium/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="in/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="hydrochloric/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="acid/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="yields/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label="white-colored/JJ-16"]; N_17 [label="actinium/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="phosphate/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="hemihydrate/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--20"]; N_21 [label="AcPO4/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="·/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="0.5/CD-23"]; N_24 [label="H2O/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--25"]; N_26 [label=",/,-26"]; N_27 [label="and/CC-27"]; N_28 [label="heating/NN-28"]; N_29 [label="actinium/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="oxalate/NN-30"]; N_31 [label="with/IN-31"]; N_32 [label="hydrogen/NN-32"]; N_33 [label="sulfide/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="vapors/NNS-34"]; N_35 [label="at/IN-35"]; N_36 [label="1400/CD-36"]; N_37 [label="°C/NN-37"]; N_38 [label="for/IN-38"]; N_39 [label="a/DT-39"]; N_40 [label="few/JJ-40"]; N_41 [label="minutes/NNS-41"]; N_42 [label="results/VBZ-42"]; N_43 [label="in/IN-43"]; N_44 [label="a/DT-44"]; N_45 [label="black/JJ-45"]; N_46 [label="actinium/NN-46"]; N_47 [label="sulfide/NN-47"]; N_48 [label="Ac2S3/NN-48"]; N_49 [label="./.-49"]; N_1 -> N_49 [label="punct"]; N_1 -> N_3 [label="dobj"]; N_1 -> N_9 [label="nmod:with"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="compound"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="appos"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_42 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="amod"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_34 [label="nmod:with"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="appos"]; N_19 -> N_41 [label="nmod:for"]; N_19 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_19 -> N_27 [label="cc"]; N_19 -> N_30 [label="conj:and"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="punct"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="compound"]; N_22 -> N_24 [label="dep"]; N_22 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="nummod"]; N_30 -> N_28 [label="compound"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="compound"]; N_34 -> N_32 [label="compound"]; N_34 -> N_33 [label="compound"]; N_34 -> N_37 [label="nmod:at"]; N_34 -> N_31 [label="case"]; N_37 -> N_35 [label="case"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="nummod"]; N_41 -> N_38 [label="case"]; N_41 -> N_39 [label="det"]; N_41 -> N_40 [label="amod"]; N_42 -> N_48 [label="nmod:in"]; N_42 -> N_19 [label="nsubj"]; N_42 -> N_11 [label="nmod:of"]; N_42 -> N_30 [label="nsubj"]; N_42 -> N_15 [label="nmod:in"]; N_48 -> N_43 [label="case"]; N_48 -> N_44 [label="det"]; N_48 -> N_45 [label="amod"]; N_48 -> N_46 [label="compound"]; N_48 -> N_47 [label="compound"]; }
neutrons
4
amounts
8
[[cause]]/N +acl resulting/VBG +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
227Ac can further capture neutrons resulting in small amounts of 228Ac.
digraph { N_1 [label="227Ac/NN-1"]; N_2 [label="can/MD-2"]; N_3 [label="further/RB-3"]; N_4 [label="capture/VB-4"]; N_5 [label="neutrons/NNS-5"]; N_6 [label="resulting/VBG-6"]; N_7 [label="in/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="small/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="amounts/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label="of/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="228Ac/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="./.-12"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="aux"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="advmod"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="dobj"]; N_4 -> N_12 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="acl"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:in"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_11 [label="nmod:of"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="case"]; }
injection
10
accumulation
18
[[cause]]/N -nsubj resulted/VBD +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
The major difficulty with application of 225Ac was that intravenous injection of simple actinium complexes resulted in their accumulation in the bones and liver for a period of tens of years.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="major/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="difficulty/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="with/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="application/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="of/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="225Ac/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="was/VBD-8"]; N_9 [label="that/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="intravenous/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="injection/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="of/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="simple/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="actinium/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="complexes/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label="resulted/VBD-16"]; N_17 [label="in/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="their/PRP$-18"]; N_19 [label="accumulation/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="in/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="bones/NNS-22"]; N_23 [label="and/CC-23"]; N_24 [label="liver/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="for/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="a/DT-26"]; N_27 [label="period/NN-27"]; N_28 [label="of/IN-28"]; N_29 [label="tens/NNS-29"]; N_30 [label="of/IN-30"]; N_31 [label="years/NNS-31"]; N_32 [label="./.-32"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="nmod:with"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_16 [label="ccomp"]; N_8 -> N_32 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_15 [label="nmod:of"]; N_15 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="compound"]; N_16 -> N_19 [label="nmod:in"]; N_16 -> N_9 [label="mark"]; N_16 -> N_11 [label="nsubj"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:in"]; N_19 -> N_24 [label="nmod:in"]; N_19 -> N_27 [label="nmod:for"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_23 [label="cc"]; N_22 -> N_24 [label="conj:and"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_29 [label="nmod:of"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_31 [label="nmod:of"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="case"]; }
author
13
text
6
[[cause]]/N -nmod:to attributed/VBN +nsubjpass [[effect]]/N
Barthes challenges the idea that a text can be attributed to any single author.
digraph { N_1 [label="Barthes/NNP-1"]; N_2 [label="challenges/VBZ-2"]; N_3 [label="the/DT-3"]; N_4 [label="idea/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="that/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="a/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="text/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="can/MD-8"]; N_9 [label="be/VB-9"]; N_10 [label="attributed/VBN-10"]; N_11 [label="to/TO-11"]; N_12 [label="any/DT-12"]; N_13 [label="single/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="author/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="./.-15"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="dobj"]; N_2 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_10 [label="ccomp"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_5 [label="mark"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="aux"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="auxpass"]; N_10 -> N_14 [label="nmod:to"]; N_14 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="det"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; }
appreciation
2
ban
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBN +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
An increased appreciation of the toxicity of arsenic led to a ban of CCA in consumer products in 2004, initiated by the European Union and United States.
digraph { N_1 [label="An/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="increased/VBN-2"]; N_3 [label="appreciation/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="of/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="the/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="toxicity/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="arsenic/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="led/VBN-9"]; N_10 [label="to/TO-10"]; N_11 [label="a/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="ban/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="of/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="CCA/NNP-14"]; N_15 [label="in/IN-15"]; N_16 [label="consumer/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="products/NNS-17"]; N_18 [label="in/IN-18"]; N_19 [label="2004/CD-19"]; N_20 [label=",/,-20"]; N_21 [label="initiated/VBN-21"]; N_22 [label="by/IN-22"]; N_23 [label="the/DT-23"]; N_24 [label="European/NNP-24"]; N_25 [label="Union/NNP-25"]; N_26 [label="and/CC-26"]; N_27 [label="United/NNP-27"]; N_28 [label="States/NNPS-28"]; N_29 [label="./.-29"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:of"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="nmod:to"]; N_9 -> N_29 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_17 [label="nmod:in"]; N_12 -> N_19 [label="nmod:in"]; N_12 -> N_20 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_21 [label="acl"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_12 -> N_14 [label="nmod:of"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="compound"]; N_17 -> N_15 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="case"]; N_21 -> N_25 [label="nmod:by"]; N_21 -> N_28 [label="nmod:by"]; N_25 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="det"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="compound"]; N_25 -> N_26 [label="cc"]; N_25 -> N_28 [label="conj:and"]; N_28 -> N_27 [label="compound"]; }
levels
1
exposure
10
[[cause]]/N -nsubjpass associated/VBN +nmod:with [[effect]]/N
Increased levels of skin cancer have been associated with arsenic exposure in Wisconsin, even at levels below the 10 part per billion drinking water standard.
digraph { N_1 [label="Increased/VBN-1"]; N_2 [label="levels/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="skin/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="cancer/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="have/VBP-6"]; N_7 [label="been/VBN-7"]; N_8 [label="associated/VBN-8"]; N_9 [label="with/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="arsenic/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="exposure/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="in/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="Wisconsin/NNP-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="even/RB-15"]; N_16 [label="at/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="levels/NNS-17"]; N_18 [label="below/IN-18"]; N_19 [label="the/DT-19"]; N_20 [label="10/CD-20"]; N_21 [label="part/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="per/IN-22"]; N_23 [label="billion/CD-23"]; N_24 [label="drinking/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="water/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="standard/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="./.-27"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="compound"]; N_8 -> N_17 [label="nmod:at"]; N_8 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="aux"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="auxpass"]; N_8 -> N_11 [label="nmod:with"]; N_8 -> N_27 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_11 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="nmod:in"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_21 [label="nmod:below"]; N_17 -> N_15 [label="advmod"]; N_21 -> N_18 [label="case"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="det"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="nummod"]; N_21 -> N_26 [label="nmod:per"]; N_26 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_23 [label="nummod"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="compound"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="compound"]; }
ingestion
4
fatalities
14
[[cause]]/N -nsubj caused/VBN +dobj [[effect]]/N
The direct or indirect ingestion of wood ash from burnt CCA lumber has caused fatalities in animals and serious poisonings in humans; the lethal human dose is approximately 20 grams of ash.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="direct/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="or/CC-3"]; N_4 [label="indirect/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="ingestion/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="of/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="wood/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="ash/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="from/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="burnt/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="CCA/NNP-11"]; N_12 [label="lumber/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="has/VBZ-13"]; N_14 [label="caused/VBN-14"]; N_15 [label="fatalities/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label="in/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="animals/NNS-17"]; N_18 [label="and/CC-18"]; N_19 [label="serious/JJ-19"]; N_20 [label="poisonings/NNS-20"]; N_21 [label="in/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="humans/NNS-22"]; N_23 [label=";/:-23"]; N_24 [label="the/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="lethal/JJ-25"]; N_26 [label="human/JJ-26"]; N_27 [label="dose/NN-27"]; N_28 [label="is/VBZ-28"]; N_29 [label="approximately/RB-29"]; N_30 [label="20/CD-30"]; N_31 [label="grams/NNS-31"]; N_32 [label="of/IN-32"]; N_33 [label="ash/JJ-33"]; N_34 [label="./.-34"]; N_2 -> N_3 [label="cc"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="conj:or"]; N_5 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_5 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_12 [label="nmod:from"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="compound"]; N_14 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_5 [label="nsubj"]; N_14 -> N_22 [label="nmod:in"]; N_14 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="aux"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="dobj"]; N_14 -> N_31 [label="parataxis"]; N_15 -> N_17 [label="nmod:in"]; N_15 -> N_20 [label="nmod:in"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_18 [label="cc"]; N_17 -> N_20 [label="conj:and"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="amod"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="amod"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="amod"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="advmod"]; N_31 -> N_33 [label="nmod:of"]; N_31 -> N_27 [label="nsubj"]; N_31 -> N_28 [label="cop"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="nummod"]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="case"]; }
packing
3
density
8
[[cause]]/N -nsubj leads/VBZ +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
This relatively close packing leads to a high density of 5.73 g/cm3.
digraph { N_1 [label="This/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="relatively/RB-2"]; N_3 [label="close/JJ-3"]; N_4 [label="packing/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="leads/VBZ-5"]; N_6 [label="to/TO-6"]; N_7 [label="a/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="high/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="density/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="of/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="5.73/CD-11"]; N_12 [label="g/cm3/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="./.-13"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="advmod"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_9 [label="nmod:to"]; N_5 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="nmod:of"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="nummod"]; }
use
2
poisoning
15
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
The accidental use of arsenic in the adulteration of foodstuffs led to the Bradford sweet poisoning in 1858, which resulted in around 20 deaths.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="accidental/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="use/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="of/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="arsenic/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="in/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="the/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="adulteration/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="of/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="foodstuffs/NNS-10"]; N_11 [label="led/VBD-11"]; N_12 [label="to/TO-12"]; N_13 [label="the/DT-13"]; N_14 [label="Bradford/NNP-14"]; N_15 [label="sweet/JJ-15"]; N_16 [label="poisoning/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="in/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="1858/CD-18"]; N_19 [label=",/,-19"]; N_20 [label="which/WDT-20"]; N_21 [label="resulted/VBD-21"]; N_22 [label="in/IN-22"]; N_23 [label="around/RB-23"]; N_24 [label="20/CD-24"]; N_25 [label="deaths/NNS-25"]; N_26 [label="./.-26"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="nmod:of"]; N_3 -> N_8 [label="nmod:in"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_10 [label="nmod:of"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_16 [label="nmod:to"]; N_11 -> N_18 [label="nmod:in"]; N_11 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_11 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="compound"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_18 -> N_19 [label="punct"]; N_18 -> N_20 [label="ref"]; N_18 -> N_21 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_21 -> N_18 [label="nsubj"]; N_21 -> N_25 [label="nmod:in"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="advmod"]; N_25 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="nummod"]; }
organisms
12
arsenates
15
[[cause]]/N -nsubj produced/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
Researchers conjecture that, over the course of history, these photosynthesizing organisms produced the arsenates that allowed the arsenate-reducing bacteria to thrive.
digraph { N_1 [label="Researchers/NNP-1"]; N_2 [label="conjecture/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="that/IN-3"]; N_4 [label=",/,-4"]; N_5 [label="over/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="the/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="course/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="of/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="history/NN-9"]; N_10 [label=",/,-10"]; N_11 [label="these/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="photosynthesizing/VBG-12"]; N_13 [label="organisms/NNS-13"]; N_14 [label="produced/VBD-14"]; N_15 [label="the/DT-15"]; N_16 [label="arsenates/NNS-16"]; N_17 [label="that/WDT-17"]; N_18 [label="allowed/VBD-18"]; N_19 [label="the/DT-19"]; N_20 [label="arsenate-reducing/JJ-20"]; N_21 [label="bacteria/NNS-21"]; N_22 [label="to/TO-22"]; N_23 [label="thrive/VB-23"]; N_24 [label="./.-24"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="compound"]; N_2 -> N_3 [label="ref"]; N_2 -> N_24 [label="punct"]; N_2 -> N_14 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_7 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_7 -> N_9 [label="nmod:of"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_16 [label="dobj"]; N_14 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_14 -> N_4 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_7 [label="nmod:over"]; N_14 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="nsubj"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="ref"]; N_16 -> N_18 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="det"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="nsubj"]; N_18 -> N_21 [label="dobj"]; N_18 -> N_23 [label="xcomp"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="det"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="mark"]; }
overdose
28
death
18
[[cause]]/N -nmod:agent caused/VBN +nsubjpass [[effect]]/N
A 2006 study of the remains of the Australian racehorse, Phar Lap, determined that the 1932 death of the famous champion was caused by a massive overdose of arsenic.
digraph { N_1 [label="A/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="2006/CD-2"]; N_3 [label="study/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="of/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="the/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="remains/NNS-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="the/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="Australian/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="racehorse/NN-10"]; N_11 [label=",/,-11"]; N_12 [label="Phar/NNP-12"]; N_13 [label="Lap/NNP-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="determined/VBD-15"]; N_16 [label="that/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="the/DT-17"]; N_18 [label="1932/CD-18"]; N_19 [label="death/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="of/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="famous/JJ-22"]; N_23 [label="champion/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="was/VBD-24"]; N_25 [label="caused/VBN-25"]; N_26 [label="by/IN-26"]; N_27 [label="a/DT-27"]; N_28 [label="massive/JJ-28"]; N_29 [label="overdose/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="of/IN-30"]; N_31 [label="arsenic/NN-31"]; N_32 [label="./.-32"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="nummod"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:of"]; N_3 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_13 [label="appos"]; N_3 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_10 [label="nmod:of"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_15 -> N_32 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_15 -> N_25 [label="ccomp"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="nummod"]; N_19 -> N_23 [label="nmod:of"]; N_23 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="amod"]; N_25 -> N_16 [label="mark"]; N_25 -> N_19 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="auxpass"]; N_25 -> N_29 [label="nmod:agent"]; N_29 -> N_26 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="det"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="amod"]; N_29 -> N_31 [label="nmod:of"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="case"]; }
removal
17
waste
13
[[cause]]/N -nmod:with associated/VBN -acl [[effect]]/N
Using the high specific surface area of Fe3O4 nanocrystals, the mass of waste associated with arsenic removal from water has been dramatically reduced.
digraph { N_1 [label="Using/VBG-1"]; N_2 [label="the/DT-2"]; N_3 [label="high/JJ-3"]; N_4 [label="specific/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="surface/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="area/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="Fe3O4/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="nanocrystals/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label=",/,-10"]; N_11 [label="the/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="mass/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="of/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="waste/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="associated/VBN-15"]; N_16 [label="with/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="arsenic/JJ-17"]; N_18 [label="removal/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="from/IN-19"]; N_20 [label="water/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="has/VBZ-21"]; N_22 [label="been/VBN-22"]; N_23 [label="dramatically/RB-23"]; N_24 [label="reduced/VBN-24"]; N_25 [label="./.-25"]; N_1 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_6 -> N_2 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_3 [label="amod"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="amod"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="compound"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:of"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="compound"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_12 -> N_14 [label="nmod:of"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="acl"]; N_15 -> N_18 [label="nmod:with"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="amod"]; N_18 -> N_20 [label="nmod:from"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_1 [label="advcl"]; N_24 -> N_21 [label="aux"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="auxpass"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="advmod"]; N_24 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_24 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_24 -> N_12 [label="nsubjpass"]; }
toxicity
1
use
14
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
The toxicity of arsenic to insects, bacteria, and fungi led to its use as a wood preservative.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="toxicity/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="arsenic/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="to/TO-5"]; N_6 [label="insects/NNS-6"]; N_7 [label=",/,-7"]; N_8 [label="bacteria/NNS-8"]; N_9 [label=",/,-9"]; N_10 [label="and/CC-10"]; N_11 [label="fungi/NNS-11"]; N_12 [label="led/VBD-12"]; N_13 [label="to/TO-13"]; N_14 [label="its/PRP$-14"]; N_15 [label="use/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="as/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="a/DT-17"]; N_18 [label="wood/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="preservative/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="./.-20"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="nmod:of"]; N_2 -> N_6 [label="nmod:to"]; N_2 -> N_8 [label="nmod:to"]; N_2 -> N_11 [label="nmod:to"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_7 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="conj:and"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_10 [label="cc"]; N_6 -> N_11 [label="conj:and"]; N_12 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_12 -> N_20 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_15 [label="nmod:to"]; N_15 -> N_19 [label="nmod:as"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="compound"]; }
contact
15
damage
23
[[cause]]/N -nsubj resulted/VBD +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
For example, lead hydrogen arsenate was a common insecticide on fruit trees, but contact with the compound sometimes resulted in brain damage among those working the sprayers.
digraph { N_1 [label="For/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="example/NN-2"]; N_3 [label=",/,-3"]; N_4 [label="lead/VBP-4"]; N_5 [label="hydrogen/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="arsenate/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="was/VBD-7"]; N_8 [label="a/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="common/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="insecticide/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="on/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="fruit/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="trees/NNS-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="but/CC-15"]; N_16 [label="contact/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="with/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="the/DT-18"]; N_19 [label="compound/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="sometimes/RB-20"]; N_21 [label="resulted/VBD-21"]; N_22 [label="in/IN-22"]; N_23 [label="brain/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="damage/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="among/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="those/DT-26"]; N_27 [label="working/VBG-27"]; N_28 [label="the/DT-28"]; N_29 [label="sprayers/NNS-29"]; N_30 [label="./.-30"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="nmod:for"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_21 [label="ccomp"]; N_4 -> N_10 [label="ccomp"]; N_4 -> N_30 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="compound"]; N_10 -> N_21 [label="conj:but"]; N_10 -> N_6 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="cop"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="nmod:on"]; N_10 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_15 [label="cc"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_16 -> N_19 [label="nmod:with"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="det"]; N_21 -> N_16 [label="nsubj"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="advmod"]; N_21 -> N_24 [label="nmod:in"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="compound"]; N_24 -> N_26 [label="nmod:among"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_27 [label="acl"]; N_27 -> N_29 [label="dobj"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="det"]; }
contamination
2
poisoning
10
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBN +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Extensive arsenic contamination of groundwater has led to widespread arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh and neighboring countries.
digraph { N_1 [label="Extensive/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="arsenic/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="contamination/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="of/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="groundwater/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="has/VBZ-6"]; N_7 [label="led/VBN-7"]; N_8 [label="to/TO-8"]; N_9 [label="widespread/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="arsenic/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="poisoning/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="in/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="Bangladesh/NNP-13"]; N_14 [label="and/CC-14"]; N_15 [label="neighboring/VBG-15"]; N_16 [label="countries/NNS-16"]; N_17 [label="./.-17"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_16 [label="nmod:to"]; N_7 -> N_17 [label="punct"]; N_7 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="aux"]; N_7 -> N_11 [label="nmod:to"]; N_11 -> N_16 [label="conj:and"]; N_11 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="nmod:in"]; N_11 -> N_14 [label="cc"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; }
levels
48
calls
56
[[cause]]/N -nsubj resulted/VBD +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
In the United States in 2012, testing by separate groups of researchers at the Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth College (early in the year, focusing on urinary levels in children) and Consumer Reports (in November) found levels of arsenic in rice that resulted in calls for the FDA to set limits.
digraph { N_1 [label="In/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="the/DT-2"]; N_3 [label="United/NNP-3"]; N_4 [label="States/NNPS-4"]; N_5 [label="in/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="2012/CD-6"]; N_7 [label=",/,-7"]; N_8 [label="testing/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="by/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="separate/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="groups/NNS-11"]; N_12 [label="of/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="researchers/NNS-13"]; N_14 [label="at/IN-14"]; N_15 [label="the/DT-15"]; N_16 [label="Children/NNP-16"]; N_17 [label="'s/POS-17"]; N_18 [label="Environmental/NNP-18"]; N_19 [label="Health/NNP-19"]; N_20 [label="and/CC-20"]; N_21 [label="Disease/NNP-21"]; N_22 [label="Prevention/NNP-22"]; N_23 [label="Research/NNP-23"]; N_24 [label="Center/NNP-24"]; N_25 [label="at/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="Dartmouth/NNP-26"]; N_27 [label="College/NNP-27"]; N_28 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--28"]; N_29 [label="early/RB-29"]; N_30 [label="in/IN-30"]; N_31 [label="the/DT-31"]; N_32 [label="year/NN-32"]; N_33 [label=",/,-33"]; N_34 [label="focusing/VBG-34"]; N_35 [label="on/IN-35"]; N_36 [label="urinary/JJ-36"]; N_37 [label="levels/NNS-37"]; N_38 [label="in/IN-38"]; N_39 [label="children/NNS-39"]; N_40 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--40"]; N_41 [label="and/CC-41"]; N_42 [label="Consumer/NN-42"]; N_43 [label="Reports/NNS-43"]; N_44 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--44"]; N_45 [label="in/IN-45"]; N_46 [label="November/NNP-46"]; N_47 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--47"]; N_48 [label="found/VBN-48"]; N_49 [label="levels/NNS-49"]; N_50 [label="of/IN-50"]; N_51 [label="arsenic/NN-51"]; N_52 [label="in/IN-52"]; N_53 [label="rice/NN-53"]; N_54 [label="that/WDT-54"]; N_55 [label="resulted/VBD-55"]; N_56 [label="in/IN-56"]; N_57 [label="calls/NNS-57"]; N_58 [label="for/IN-58"]; N_59 [label="the/DT-59"]; N_60 [label="FDA/NNP-60"]; N_61 [label="to/TO-61"]; N_62 [label="set/VB-62"]; N_63 [label="limits/NNS-63"]; N_64 [label="./.-64"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="nmod:in"]; N_4 -> N_7 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_8 [label="root"]; N_8 -> N_19 [label="nmod:at"]; N_8 -> N_24 [label="nmod:at"]; N_8 -> N_11 [label="nmod:by"]; N_8 -> N_28 [label="punct"]; N_11 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="nmod:of"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_20 [label="cc"]; N_19 -> N_24 [label="conj:and"]; N_19 -> N_27 [label="nmod:at"]; N_19 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_21 [label="compound"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="compound"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="compound"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="compound"]; N_28 -> N_29 [label="root"]; N_29 -> N_32 [label="nmod:in"]; N_29 -> N_33 [label="punct"]; N_32 -> N_30 [label="case"]; N_32 -> N_31 [label="det"]; N_33 -> N_34 [label="root"]; N_33 -> N_43 [label="root"]; N_34 -> N_64 [label="punct"]; N_34 -> N_37 [label="nmod:on"]; N_34 -> N_40 [label="punct"]; N_34 -> N_41 [label="cc"]; N_34 -> N_43 [label="conj:and"]; N_37 -> N_35 [label="case"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="amod"]; N_37 -> N_39 [label="nmod:in"]; N_39 -> N_38 [label="case"]; N_43 -> N_48 [label="acl"]; N_43 -> N_42 [label="compound"]; N_43 -> N_46 [label="nmod:in"]; N_46 -> N_44 [label="punct"]; N_46 -> N_45 [label="case"]; N_46 -> N_47 [label="punct"]; N_48 -> N_49 [label="dobj"]; N_49 -> N_51 [label="nmod:of"]; N_49 -> N_53 [label="nmod:in"]; N_49 -> N_54 [label="ref"]; N_49 -> N_55 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_51 -> N_50 [label="case"]; N_53 -> N_52 [label="case"]; N_55 -> N_49 [label="nsubj"]; N_55 -> N_57 [label="nmod:in"]; N_57 -> N_56 [label="case"]; N_57 -> N_62 [label="acl:to"]; N_60 -> N_59 [label="det"]; N_62 -> N_58 [label="mark"]; N_62 -> N_60 [label="nsubj"]; N_62 -> N_61 [label="mark"]; N_62 -> N_63 [label="dobj"]; }
industry
13
emissions
8
[[cause]]/N -nmod:with associated/VBN -acl [[effect]]/N
Inorganic arsenic is also found in coke oven emissions associated with the smelter industry.
digraph { N_1 [label="Inorganic/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="arsenic/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="is/VBZ-3"]; N_4 [label="also/RB-4"]; N_5 [label="found/VBN-5"]; N_6 [label="in/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="coke/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="oven/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="emissions/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label="associated/VBN-10"]; N_11 [label="with/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="the/DT-12"]; N_13 [label="smelter/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="industry/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="./.-15"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="auxpass"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="advmod"]; N_5 -> N_9 [label="nmod:in"]; N_5 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="compound"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="compound"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="acl"]; N_10 -> N_14 [label="nmod:with"]; N_14 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="det"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="compound"]; }
surface
12
desorption
17
[[cause]]/N -nsubj leads/VBZ +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
The other results from a change in the charge on the mineral surface which leads to the desorption of bound arsenic.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="other/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="results/NNS-3"]; N_4 [label="from/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="a/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="change/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="in/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="the/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="charge/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="on/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="the/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="mineral/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="surface/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="which/WDT-14"]; N_15 [label="leads/VBZ-15"]; N_16 [label="to/TO-16"]; N_17 [label="the/DT-17"]; N_18 [label="desorption/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="of/IN-19"]; N_20 [label="bound/VBN-20"]; N_21 [label="arsenic/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="./.-22"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:from"]; N_3 -> N_22 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:in"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_13 [label="nmod:on"]; N_13 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="ref"]; N_13 -> N_15 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_15 -> N_18 [label="nmod:to"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="nsubj"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="det"]; N_18 -> N_21 [label="nmod:of"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="case"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; }
testing
4
September
7
[[cause]]/N -nsubj results/VBZ +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
The FDA released some testing results in September 2012, and as of July 2013, is still collecting data in support of a new potential regulation.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="FDA/NNP-2"]; N_3 [label="released/VBD-3"]; N_4 [label="some/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="testing/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="results/VBZ-6"]; N_7 [label="in/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="September/NNP-8"]; N_9 [label="2012/CD-9"]; N_10 [label=",/,-10"]; N_11 [label="and/CC-11"]; N_12 [label="as/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="of/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="July/NNP-14"]; N_15 [label="2013/CD-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="is/VBZ-17"]; N_18 [label="still/RB-18"]; N_19 [label="collecting/VBG-19"]; N_20 [label="data/NNS-20"]; N_21 [label="in/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="support/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="of/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="a/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="new/JJ-25"]; N_26 [label="potential/JJ-26"]; N_27 [label="regulation/NN-27"]; N_28 [label="./.-28"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_19 [label="conj:and"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="ccomp"]; N_3 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_11 [label="cc"]; N_3 -> N_28 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="nsubj"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="nmod:in"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="nummod"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="nummod"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="aux"]; N_19 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="advmod"]; N_19 -> N_20 [label="dobj"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:in"]; N_19 -> N_14 [label="nmod:of"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_27 [label="nmod:of"]; N_27 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="amod"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="amod"]; }
interferences
2
death
5
[[cause]]/N -nsubj lead/VBP +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
These metabolic interferences lead to death from multi-system organ failure.
digraph { N_1 [label="These/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="metabolic/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="interferences/NNS-3"]; N_4 [label="lead/VBP-4"]; N_5 [label="to/TO-5"]; N_6 [label="death/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="from/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="multi-system/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="organ/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="failure/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="./.-11"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="nmod:to"]; N_4 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_10 [label="nmod:from"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="compound"]; }
hydroxides
2
formation
5
[[cause]]/N -nsubj leads/VBZ +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Heating the hydroxides leads to formation of corundum.
digraph { N_1 [label="Heating/NN-1"]; N_2 [label="the/DT-2"]; N_3 [label="hydroxides/NNS-3"]; N_4 [label="leads/VBZ-4"]; N_5 [label="to/TO-5"]; N_6 [label="formation/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="corundum/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="./.-9"]; N_1 -> N_4 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_1 -> N_9 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="nmod:to"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="case"]; }
quantities
7
deficits
16
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
An accident in England revealed that millimolar quantities of aluminium in drinking water cause significant cognitive deficits.
digraph { N_1 [label="An/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="accident/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="in/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="England/NNP-4"]; N_5 [label="revealed/VBD-5"]; N_6 [label="that/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="millimolar/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="quantities/NNS-8"]; N_9 [label="of/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="aluminium/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="in/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="drinking/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="water/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="cause/VB-14"]; N_15 [label="significant/JJ-15"]; N_16 [label="cognitive/JJ-16"]; N_17 [label="deficits/NNS-17"]; N_18 [label="./.-18"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="nmod:in"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_18 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_14 [label="ccomp"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_10 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_13 [label="nmod:in"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_14 -> N_17 [label="dobj"]; N_14 -> N_6 [label="mark"]; N_14 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; }
Aluminium
0
alterations
19
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
Aluminium, although rarely, can cause vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia, erythropoietin-resistant microcytic anemia, and central nervous system alterations.
digraph { N_1 [label="Aluminium/NNP-1"]; N_2 [label=",/,-2"]; N_3 [label="although/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="rarely/RB-4"]; N_5 [label=",/,-5"]; N_6 [label="can/MD-6"]; N_7 [label="cause/VB-7"]; N_8 [label="vitamin/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="D-resistant/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="osteomalacia/NN-10"]; N_11 [label=",/,-11"]; N_12 [label="erythropoietin-resistant/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="microcytic/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="anemia/NN-14"]; N_15 [label=",/,-15"]; N_16 [label="and/CC-16"]; N_17 [label="central/JJ-17"]; N_18 [label="nervous/JJ-18"]; N_19 [label="system/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="alterations/NNS-20"]; N_21 [label="./.-21"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="mark"]; N_7 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_7 -> N_2 [label="punct"]; N_7 -> N_4 [label="advmod"]; N_7 -> N_20 [label="dobj"]; N_7 -> N_5 [label="punct"]; N_7 -> N_21 [label="punct"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="aux"]; N_7 -> N_10 [label="dobj"]; N_7 -> N_14 [label="dobj"]; N_10 -> N_16 [label="cc"]; N_10 -> N_20 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="compound"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_14 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_20 -> N_17 [label="amod"]; N_20 -> N_18 [label="amod"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="compound"]; }
ions
23
failure
27
[[cause]]/N +acl leading/VBG +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
In water, aluminium acts as a toxiс agent on gill-breathing animals such as fish by causing loss of plasma- and hemolymph ions leading to osmoregulatory failure.
digraph { N_1 [label="In/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="water/NN-2"]; N_3 [label=",/,-3"]; N_4 [label="aluminium/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="acts/VBZ-5"]; N_6 [label="as/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="a/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="toxiс/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="agent/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="on/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="gill-breathing/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="animals/NNS-12"]; N_13 [label="such/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="as/IN-14"]; N_15 [label="fish/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="by/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="causing/VBG-17"]; N_18 [label="loss/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="of/IN-19"]; N_20 [label="plasma/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="-/:-21"]; N_22 [label="and/CC-22"]; N_23 [label="hemolymph/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="ions/NNS-24"]; N_25 [label="leading/VBG-25"]; N_26 [label="to/TO-26"]; N_27 [label="osmoregulatory/JJ-27"]; N_28 [label="failure/NN-28"]; N_29 [label="./.-29"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_17 [label="advcl:by"]; N_5 -> N_2 [label="nmod:in"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_24 [label="advcl:by"]; N_5 -> N_9 [label="nmod:as"]; N_5 -> N_29 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="compound"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="nmod:on"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_15 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="mwe"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="mark"]; N_17 -> N_18 [label="dobj"]; N_17 -> N_21 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_22 [label="cc"]; N_17 -> N_24 [label="conj:and"]; N_18 -> N_20 [label="nmod:of"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="compound"]; N_24 -> N_25 [label="acl"]; N_25 -> N_28 [label="nmod:to"]; N_28 -> N_26 [label="case"]; N_28 -> N_27 [label="amod"]; }
reduction
9
deposits
5
[[cause]]/N -nmod:from resulted/VBD +nsubj [[effect]]/N
It is possible that these deposits resulted from bacterial reduction of tetrahydroxoaluminate Al(OH)4−.
digraph { N_1 [label="It/PRP-1"]; N_2 [label="is/VBZ-2"]; N_3 [label="possible/JJ-3"]; N_4 [label="that/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="these/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="deposits/NNS-6"]; N_7 [label="resulted/VBD-7"]; N_8 [label="from/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="bacterial/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="reduction/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="of/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="tetrahydroxoaluminate/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="Al/NNP-13"]; N_14 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--14"]; N_15 [label="OH/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--16"]; N_17 [label="4/CD-17"]; N_18 [label="−/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="./.-19"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="cop"]; N_3 -> N_19 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_7 [label="ccomp"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_7 -> N_4 [label="mark"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="nsubj"]; N_7 -> N_10 [label="nmod:from"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="nmod:of"]; N_13 -> N_18 [label="dep"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_15 [label="appos"]; N_15 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="nummod"]; }
precedent
4
suffix
1
[[cause]]/N -dobj followed/VBD +nsubj [[effect]]/N
The suffix followed the precedent set in other newly discovered elements of the time: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and strontium (all of which Davy isolated himself).
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="suffix/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="followed/VBD-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="precedent/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="set/VBN-6"]; N_7 [label="in/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="other/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="newly/RB-9"]; N_10 [label="discovered/VBN-10"]; N_11 [label="elements/NNS-11"]; N_12 [label="of/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="the/DT-13"]; N_14 [label="time/NN-14"]; N_15 [label=":/:-15"]; N_16 [label="potassium/NN-16"]; N_17 [label=",/,-17"]; N_18 [label="sodium/NN-18"]; N_19 [label=",/,-19"]; N_20 [label="magnesium/NN-20"]; N_21 [label=",/,-21"]; N_22 [label="calcium/NN-22"]; N_23 [label=",/,-23"]; N_24 [label="and/CC-24"]; N_25 [label="strontium/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--26"]; N_27 [label="all/DT-27"]; N_28 [label="of/IN-28"]; N_29 [label="which/WDT-29"]; N_30 [label="Davy/NNP-30"]; N_31 [label="isolated/VBD-31"]; N_32 [label="himself/PRP-32"]; N_33 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--33"]; N_34 [label="./.-34"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="dobj"]; N_5 -> N_16 [label="dep"]; N_5 -> N_18 [label="dep"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_5 -> N_20 [label="dep"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="acl"]; N_5 -> N_22 [label="dep"]; N_5 -> N_25 [label="dep"]; N_5 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_11 [label="nmod:in"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="advmod"]; N_11 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_14 [label="nmod:of"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_18 [label="conj:and"]; N_16 -> N_19 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_20 [label="conj:and"]; N_16 -> N_21 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_22 [label="conj:and"]; N_16 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_24 [label="cc"]; N_16 -> N_25 [label="conj:and"]; N_25 -> N_27 [label="dep"]; N_27 -> N_33 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_29 [label="nmod:of"]; N_27 -> N_31 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="case"]; N_31 -> N_32 [label="dobj"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="nsubj"]; }
ingestion
1
binding
17
[[cause]]/N -nsubj result/VB +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Chronic ingestion of hydrated aluminium silicates (for excess gastric acidity control) may result in aluminium binding to intestinal contents and increased elimination of other metals, such as iron or zinc; sufficiently high doses (>50 g/day) can cause elicit anemia.
digraph { N_1 [label="Chronic/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="ingestion/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="hydrated/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="aluminium/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="silicates/NNS-6"]; N_7 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--7"]; N_8 [label="for/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="excess/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="gastric/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="acidity/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="control/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--13"]; N_14 [label="may/MD-14"]; N_15 [label="result/VB-15"]; N_16 [label="in/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="aluminium/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="binding/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="to/TO-19"]; N_20 [label="intestinal/JJ-20"]; N_21 [label="contents/NNS-21"]; N_22 [label="and/CC-22"]; N_23 [label="increased/VBD-23"]; N_24 [label="elimination/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="of/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="other/JJ-26"]; N_27 [label="metals/NNS-27"]; N_28 [label=",/,-28"]; N_29 [label="such/JJ-29"]; N_30 [label="as/IN-30"]; N_31 [label="iron/NN-31"]; N_32 [label="or/CC-32"]; N_33 [label="zinc/NN-33"]; N_34 [label=";/:-34"]; N_35 [label="sufficiently/RB-35"]; N_36 [label="high/JJ-36"]; N_37 [label="doses/NNS-37"]; N_38 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--38"]; N_39 [label=">/JJR-39"]; N_40 [label="50/CD-40"]; N_41 [label="g/day/NN-41"]; N_42 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--42"]; N_43 [label="can/MD-43"]; N_44 [label="cause/VB-44"]; N_45 [label="elicit/VB-45"]; N_46 [label="anemia/NN-46"]; N_47 [label="./.-47"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_2 -> N_6 [label="nmod:of"]; N_6 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="amod"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="compound"]; N_6 -> N_12 [label="nmod:for"]; N_12 -> N_7 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="compound"]; N_12 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_15 -> N_18 [label="nmod:in"]; N_15 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_22 [label="cc"]; N_15 -> N_24 [label="conj:and"]; N_15 -> N_44 [label="parataxis"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="aux"]; N_15 -> N_47 [label="punct"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_21 [label="nmod:to"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="case"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="amod"]; N_24 -> N_27 [label="nmod:of"]; N_27 -> N_33 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="amod"]; N_27 -> N_28 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_31 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_29 -> N_30 [label="mwe"]; N_31 -> N_32 [label="cc"]; N_31 -> N_33 [label="conj:or"]; N_31 -> N_29 [label="case"]; N_37 -> N_35 [label="advmod"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="amod"]; N_37 -> N_41 [label="appos"]; N_40 -> N_39 [label="advmod"]; N_41 -> N_38 [label="punct"]; N_41 -> N_40 [label="nummod"]; N_41 -> N_42 [label="punct"]; N_44 -> N_37 [label="nsubj"]; N_44 -> N_43 [label="aux"]; N_44 -> N_45 [label="xcomp"]; N_45 -> N_46 [label="dobj"]; }
protons
14
spallation
9
[[cause]]/N -nmod:by caused/VBN -acl [[effect]]/N
26Al is produced from argon in the atmosphere by spallation caused by cosmic ray protons and used in radiodating.
digraph { N_1 [label="26Al/NN-1"]; N_2 [label="is/VBZ-2"]; N_3 [label="produced/VBN-3"]; N_4 [label="from/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="argon/NNP-5"]; N_6 [label="in/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="the/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="atmosphere/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="by/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="spallation/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="caused/VBN-11"]; N_12 [label="by/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="cosmic/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="ray/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="protons/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label="and/CC-16"]; N_17 [label="used/VBN-17"]; N_18 [label="in/IN-18"]; N_19 [label="radiodating/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="./.-20"]; N_3 -> N_16 [label="cc"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_3 -> N_17 [label="conj:and"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="auxpass"]; N_3 -> N_20 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="nmod:from"]; N_3 -> N_8 [label="nmod:in"]; N_3 -> N_10 [label="nmod:agent"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="acl"]; N_11 -> N_15 [label="nmod:by"]; N_15 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="compound"]; N_17 -> N_1 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_17 -> N_19 [label="nmod:in"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="case"]; }
aluminium
5
function
10
[[cause]]/N -nsubjpass associated/VBN +nmod:with [[effect]]/N
In very high doses, aluminium is associated with altered function of the blood–brain barrier.
digraph { N_1 [label="In/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="very/RB-2"]; N_3 [label="high/JJ-3"]; N_4 [label="doses/NNS-4"]; N_5 [label=",/,-5"]; N_6 [label="aluminium/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="is/VBZ-7"]; N_8 [label="associated/VBN-8"]; N_9 [label="with/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="altered/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="function/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="of/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="the/DT-13"]; N_14 [label="blood/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="--/:-15"]; N_16 [label="brain/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="barrier/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="./.-18"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="advmod"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_18 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_4 [label="nmod:in"]; N_8 -> N_5 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="auxpass"]; N_8 -> N_11 [label="nmod:with"]; N_11 -> N_17 [label="dep"]; N_11 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_14 [label="nmod:of"]; N_11 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="det"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="compound"]; }
controversy
1
Church
5
[[cause]]/N -nsubj produced/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
This controversy produced the Free Church of England and, in the United States and Canada, the Reformed Episcopal Church.
digraph { N_1 [label="This/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="controversy/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="produced/VBD-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="Free/NNP-5"]; N_6 [label="Church/NNP-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="England/NNP-8"]; N_9 [label="and/CC-9"]; N_10 [label=",/,-10"]; N_11 [label="in/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="the/DT-12"]; N_13 [label="United/NNP-13"]; N_14 [label="States/NNPS-14"]; N_15 [label="and/CC-15"]; N_16 [label="Canada/NNP-16"]; N_17 [label=",/,-17"]; N_18 [label="the/DT-18"]; N_19 [label="Reformed/NNP-19"]; N_20 [label="Episcopal/NNP-20"]; N_21 [label="Church/NNP-21"]; N_22 [label="./.-22"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_21 [label="conj:and"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_3 -> N_22 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_9 [label="cc"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="compound"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_16 [label="conj:and"]; N_14 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="det"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="compound"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="cc"]; N_21 -> N_16 [label="nmod:in"]; N_21 -> N_17 [label="punct"]; N_21 -> N_18 [label="det"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="compound"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="compound"]; N_21 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_21 -> N_14 [label="nmod:in"]; }
expansion
2
Anglicanism
14
[[cause]]/N -nsubj brought/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
The enormous expansion in the 18th and 19th centuries of the British Empire brought Anglicanism along with it.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="enormous/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="expansion/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="in/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="the/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="18th/JJ-6"]; N_7 [label="and/CC-7"]; N_8 [label="19th/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="centuries/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label="of/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="the/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="British/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="Empire/NNP-13"]; N_14 [label="brought/VBD-14"]; N_15 [label="Anglicanism/NNP-15"]; N_16 [label="along/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="with/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="it/PRP-18"]; N_19 [label="./.-19"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_9 [label="nmod:in"]; N_6 -> N_7 [label="cc"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="conj:and"]; N_9 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_6 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_13 [label="nmod:of"]; N_13 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_18 [label="nmod:with"]; N_14 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_14 -> N_19 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="dobj"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="case"]; }
controversy
33
reassertion
40
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Seen in this light 1998 is a date that marked the shift from a West-dominated Christianity to one wherein the growing churches of the two-thirds world are predominant, but the gay bishop controversy in subsequent years led to the reassertion of Western dominance, this time of the liberal variety.
digraph { N_1 [label="Seen/VBN-1"]; N_2 [label="in/IN-2"]; N_3 [label="this/DT-3"]; N_4 [label="light/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="1998/CD-5"]; N_6 [label="is/VBZ-6"]; N_7 [label="a/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="date/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="that/WDT-9"]; N_10 [label="marked/VBD-10"]; N_11 [label="the/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="shift/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="from/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="a/DT-14"]; N_15 [label="West-dominated/JJ-15"]; N_16 [label="Christianity/NNP-16"]; N_17 [label="to/TO-17"]; N_18 [label="one/CD-18"]; N_19 [label="wherein/WRB-19"]; N_20 [label="the/DT-20"]; N_21 [label="growing/VBG-21"]; N_22 [label="churches/NNS-22"]; N_23 [label="of/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="the/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="two-thirds/NNS-25"]; N_26 [label="world/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="are/VBP-27"]; N_28 [label="predominant/JJ-28"]; N_29 [label=",/,-29"]; N_30 [label="but/CC-30"]; N_31 [label="the/DT-31"]; N_32 [label="gay/JJ-32"]; N_33 [label="bishop/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="controversy/NN-34"]; N_35 [label="in/IN-35"]; N_36 [label="subsequent/JJ-36"]; N_37 [label="years/NNS-37"]; N_38 [label="led/VBD-38"]; N_39 [label="to/TO-39"]; N_40 [label="the/DT-40"]; N_41 [label="reassertion/NN-41"]; N_42 [label="of/IN-42"]; N_43 [label="Western/JJ-43"]; N_44 [label="dominance/NN-44"]; N_45 [label=",/,-45"]; N_46 [label="this/DT-46"]; N_47 [label="time/NN-47"]; N_48 [label="of/IN-48"]; N_49 [label="the/DT-49"]; N_50 [label="liberal/JJ-50"]; N_51 [label="variety/NN-51"]; N_52 [label="./.-52"]; N_1 -> N_4 [label="nmod:in"]; N_1 -> N_6 [label="auxpass"]; N_1 -> N_38 [label="conj:but"]; N_1 -> N_8 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_1 -> N_29 [label="punct"]; N_1 -> N_45 [label="punct"]; N_1 -> N_30 [label="cc"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="nummod"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="ref"]; N_8 -> N_10 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_12 -> N_16 [label="nmod:from"]; N_12 -> N_18 [label="nmod:to"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_18 -> N_28 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="amod"]; N_22 -> N_26 [label="nmod:of"]; N_26 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="compound"]; N_28 -> N_19 [label="advmod"]; N_28 -> N_22 [label="nsubj"]; N_28 -> N_27 [label="cop"]; N_34 -> N_32 [label="amod"]; N_34 -> N_33 [label="compound"]; N_34 -> N_37 [label="nmod:in"]; N_34 -> N_31 [label="det"]; N_37 -> N_35 [label="case"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="amod"]; N_38 -> N_34 [label="nsubj"]; N_38 -> N_41 [label="nmod:to"]; N_41 -> N_39 [label="case"]; N_41 -> N_40 [label="det"]; N_41 -> N_44 [label="nmod:of"]; N_44 -> N_42 [label="case"]; N_44 -> N_43 [label="amod"]; N_45 -> N_47 [label="root"]; N_47 -> N_51 [label="nmod:of"]; N_47 -> N_52 [label="punct"]; N_47 -> N_46 [label="det"]; N_51 -> N_48 [label="case"]; N_51 -> N_49 [label="det"]; N_51 -> N_50 [label="amod"]; }
dissipation
7
disputes
18
[[cause]]/N -nsubj contributed/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Later, rapid social change and the dissipation of British cultural hegemony over its former colonies contributed to disputes over the role of women, the parameters of marriage and divorce, and the practices of contraception and abortion.
digraph { N_1 [label="Later/RB-1"]; N_2 [label=",/,-2"]; N_3 [label="rapid/JJ-3"]; N_4 [label="social/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="change/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="and/CC-6"]; N_7 [label="the/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="dissipation/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="of/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="British/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="cultural/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="hegemony/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="over/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="its/PRP$-14"]; N_15 [label="former/JJ-15"]; N_16 [label="colonies/NNS-16"]; N_17 [label="contributed/VBD-17"]; N_18 [label="to/TO-18"]; N_19 [label="disputes/NNS-19"]; N_20 [label="over/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="role/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="of/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="women/NNS-24"]; N_25 [label=",/,-25"]; N_26 [label="the/DT-26"]; N_27 [label="parameters/NNS-27"]; N_28 [label="of/IN-28"]; N_29 [label="marriage/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="and/CC-30"]; N_31 [label="divorce/NN-31"]; N_32 [label=",/,-32"]; N_33 [label="and/CC-33"]; N_34 [label="the/DT-34"]; N_35 [label="practices/NNS-35"]; N_36 [label="of/IN-36"]; N_37 [label="contraception/NN-37"]; N_38 [label="and/CC-38"]; N_39 [label="abortion/NN-39"]; N_40 [label="./.-40"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="cc"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="conj:and"]; N_8 -> N_16 [label="nmod:over"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_12 [label="nmod:of"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_1 [label="advmod"]; N_17 -> N_2 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_19 [label="nmod:to"]; N_17 -> N_35 [label="dobj"]; N_17 -> N_5 [label="nsubj"]; N_17 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_17 -> N_40 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_27 [label="dobj"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:over"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_24 [label="nmod:of"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_32 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_33 [label="cc"]; N_27 -> N_35 [label="conj:and"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_29 [label="nmod:of"]; N_27 -> N_31 [label="nmod:of"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_30 [label="cc"]; N_29 -> N_31 [label="conj:and"]; N_35 -> N_34 [label="det"]; N_35 -> N_37 [label="nmod:of"]; N_35 -> N_39 [label="nmod:of"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="case"]; N_37 -> N_38 [label="cc"]; N_37 -> N_39 [label="conj:and"]; }
conflict
1
association
29
[[cause]]/N -nsubj resulted/VBD +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Protracted conflict through the 17th century with radical Protestants on the one hand and Catholics who recognised the primacy of the Pope on the other, resulted in an association of churches that were both deliberately vague about doctrinal principles, yet bold in developing parameters of acceptable deviation.
digraph { N_1 [label="Protracted/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="conflict/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="through/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="17th/JJ-5"]; N_6 [label="century/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="with/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="radical/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="Protestants/NNPS-9"]; N_10 [label="on/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="the/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="one/CD-12"]; N_13 [label="hand/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="and/CC-14"]; N_15 [label="Catholics/NNPS-15"]; N_16 [label="who/WP-16"]; N_17 [label="recognised/VBD-17"]; N_18 [label="the/DT-18"]; N_19 [label="primacy/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="of/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="Pope/NNP-22"]; N_23 [label="on/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="the/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="other/JJ-25"]; N_26 [label=",/,-26"]; N_27 [label="resulted/VBD-27"]; N_28 [label="in/IN-28"]; N_29 [label="an/DT-29"]; N_30 [label="association/NN-30"]; N_31 [label="of/IN-31"]; N_32 [label="churches/NNS-32"]; N_33 [label="that/WDT-33"]; N_34 [label="were/VBD-34"]; N_35 [label="both/DT-35"]; N_36 [label="deliberately/RB-36"]; N_37 [label="vague/JJ-37"]; N_38 [label="about/IN-38"]; N_39 [label="doctrinal/JJ-39"]; N_40 [label="principles/NNS-40"]; N_41 [label=",/,-41"]; N_42 [label="yet/RB-42"]; N_43 [label="bold/JJ-43"]; N_44 [label="in/IN-44"]; N_45 [label="developing/VBG-45"]; N_46 [label="parameters/NNS-46"]; N_47 [label="of/IN-47"]; N_48 [label="acceptable/JJ-48"]; N_49 [label="deviation/NN-49"]; N_50 [label="./.-50"]; N_2 -> N_16 [label="ref"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_2 -> N_17 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_2 -> N_6 [label="nmod:through"]; N_2 -> N_9 [label="nmod:with"]; N_6 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_13 [label="nmod:on"]; N_9 -> N_15 [label="nmod:on"]; N_13 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="nummod"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="cc"]; N_13 -> N_15 [label="conj:and"]; N_17 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_17 -> N_19 [label="dobj"]; N_17 -> N_25 [label="nmod:on"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:of"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_27 -> N_50 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_41 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_43 [label="advmod"]; N_27 -> N_30 [label="nmod:in"]; N_30 -> N_32 [label="nmod:of"]; N_30 -> N_28 [label="case"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="det"]; N_32 -> N_33 [label="ref"]; N_32 -> N_37 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_32 -> N_31 [label="case"]; N_37 -> N_32 [label="nsubj"]; N_37 -> N_34 [label="cop"]; N_37 -> N_35 [label="dep"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="advmod"]; N_37 -> N_40 [label="nmod:about"]; N_40 -> N_38 [label="case"]; N_40 -> N_39 [label="amod"]; N_43 -> N_42 [label="advmod"]; N_43 -> N_45 [label="advcl:in"]; N_45 -> N_44 [label="mark"]; N_45 -> N_46 [label="dobj"]; N_46 -> N_49 [label="nmod:of"]; N_49 -> N_48 [label="amod"]; N_49 -> N_47 [label="case"]; }
movement
8
number
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj produced/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
In the late 1970s, the Continuing Anglican movement produced a number of new church bodies in opposition to women's ordination, prayer book changes, and the new understandings concerning marriage.
digraph { N_1 [label="In/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="the/DT-2"]; N_3 [label="late/JJ-3"]; N_4 [label="1970s/NNS-4"]; N_5 [label=",/,-5"]; N_6 [label="the/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="Continuing/NNP-7"]; N_8 [label="Anglican/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="movement/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="produced/VBD-10"]; N_11 [label="a/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="number/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="of/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="new/JJ-14"]; N_15 [label="church/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="bodies/NNS-16"]; N_17 [label="in/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="opposition/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="to/TO-19"]; N_20 [label="women/NNS-20"]; N_21 [label="'s/POS-21"]; N_22 [label="ordination/NN-22"]; N_23 [label=",/,-23"]; N_24 [label="prayer/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="book/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="changes/NNS-26"]; N_27 [label=",/,-27"]; N_28 [label="and/CC-28"]; N_29 [label="the/DT-29"]; N_30 [label="new/JJ-30"]; N_31 [label="understandings/NNS-31"]; N_32 [label="concerning/VBG-32"]; N_33 [label="marriage/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="./.-34"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="compound"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_18 [label="nmod:in"]; N_10 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_4 [label="nmod:in"]; N_10 -> N_5 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_12 -> N_16 [label="nmod:of"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_18 -> N_22 [label="nmod:to"]; N_18 -> N_26 [label="nmod:to"]; N_18 -> N_31 [label="nmod:to"]; N_20 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_19 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_22 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_22 -> N_26 [label="conj:and"]; N_22 -> N_27 [label="punct"]; N_22 -> N_28 [label="cc"]; N_22 -> N_31 [label="conj:and"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="compound"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="compound"]; N_31 -> N_32 [label="acl"]; N_31 -> N_29 [label="det"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="amod"]; N_32 -> N_33 [label="dobj"]; }
work
2
study
6
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
This AT&T work led to a study of telecommunications, which advised the company's top management to break up the company more than a decade before the government forced AT&T to break up.
digraph { N_1 [label="This/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="AT&T/NNP-2"]; N_3 [label="work/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="led/VBD-4"]; N_5 [label="to/TO-5"]; N_6 [label="a/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="study/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="of/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="telecommunications/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label=",/,-10"]; N_11 [label="which/WDT-11"]; N_12 [label="advised/VBD-12"]; N_13 [label="the/DT-13"]; N_14 [label="company/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="'s/POS-15"]; N_16 [label="top/JJ-16"]; N_17 [label="management/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="to/TO-18"]; N_19 [label="break/VB-19"]; N_20 [label="up/RP-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="company/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="more/RBR-23"]; N_24 [label="than/IN-24"]; N_25 [label="a/DT-25"]; N_26 [label="decade/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="before/IN-27"]; N_28 [label="the/DT-28"]; N_29 [label="government/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="forced/VBD-30"]; N_31 [label="AT&T/NNP-31"]; N_32 [label="to/TO-32"]; N_33 [label="break/VB-33"]; N_34 [label="up/RP-34"]; N_35 [label="./.-35"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_35 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_7 [label="nmod:to"]; N_7 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_7 -> N_9 [label="nmod:of"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_11 [label="ref"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_12 -> N_17 [label="dobj"]; N_12 -> N_19 [label="xcomp"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="nsubj"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="det"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_14 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="mark"]; N_19 -> N_20 [label="compound:prt"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="dobj"]; N_19 -> N_23 [label="advmod"]; N_19 -> N_30 [label="advcl:before"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_23 -> N_26 [label="nmod:than"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="det"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="det"]; N_30 -> N_33 [label="xcomp"]; N_30 -> N_27 [label="mark"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="nsubj"]; N_30 -> N_31 [label="dobj"]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="mark"]; N_33 -> N_34 [label="compound:prt"]; N_33 -> N_31 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; }
substances
11
phytophotodermatitis
19
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
The Apiaceae family includes a number of species that produce phototoxic substances (called furanocoumarins) that can cause phytophotodermatitis in the presence of ultraviolet radiation.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="Apiaceae/NNP-2"]; N_3 [label="family/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="includes/VBZ-4"]; N_5 [label="a/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="number/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="species/NNS-8"]; N_9 [label="that/WDT-9"]; N_10 [label="produce/VBP-10"]; N_11 [label="phototoxic/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="substances/NNS-12"]; N_13 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--13"]; N_14 [label="called/VBN-14"]; N_15 [label="furanocoumarins/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--16"]; N_17 [label="that/WDT-17"]; N_18 [label="can/MD-18"]; N_19 [label="cause/VB-19"]; N_20 [label="phytophotodermatitis/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="in/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="the/DT-22"]; N_23 [label="presence/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="of/IN-24"]; N_25 [label="ultraviolet/JJ-25"]; N_26 [label="radiation/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="./.-27"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_4 -> N_27 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="ref"]; N_8 -> N_10 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_12 -> N_17 [label="ref"]; N_12 -> N_19 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_14 [label="dep"]; N_14 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="xcomp"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="aux"]; N_19 -> N_20 [label="dobj"]; N_19 -> N_26 [label="nmod:of"]; N_19 -> N_12 [label="nsubj"]; N_26 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_22 [label="dep"]; N_26 -> N_23 [label="dep"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="amod"]; }
decay
31
transmutation
35
[[cause]]/N +acl resulting/VBG +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Under certain circumstances, the repelling electromagnetic force becomes stronger than the nuclear force, and nucleons can be ejected from the nucleus, leaving behind a different element: nuclear decay resulting in nuclear transmutation.
digraph { N_1 [label="Under/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="certain/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="circumstances/NNS-3"]; N_4 [label=",/,-4"]; N_5 [label="the/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="repelling/VBG-6"]; N_7 [label="electromagnetic/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="force/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="becomes/VBZ-9"]; N_10 [label="stronger/JJR-10"]; N_11 [label="than/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="the/DT-12"]; N_13 [label="nuclear/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="force/NN-14"]; N_15 [label=",/,-15"]; N_16 [label="and/CC-16"]; N_17 [label="nucleons/NNS-17"]; N_18 [label="can/MD-18"]; N_19 [label="be/VB-19"]; N_20 [label="ejected/VBN-20"]; N_21 [label="from/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="the/DT-22"]; N_23 [label="nucleus/NN-23"]; N_24 [label=",/,-24"]; N_25 [label="leaving/VBG-25"]; N_26 [label="behind/IN-26"]; N_27 [label="a/DT-27"]; N_28 [label="different/JJ-28"]; N_29 [label="element/NN-29"]; N_30 [label=":/:-30"]; N_31 [label="nuclear/JJ-31"]; N_32 [label="decay/NN-32"]; N_33 [label="resulting/VBG-33"]; N_34 [label="in/IN-34"]; N_35 [label="nuclear/JJ-35"]; N_36 [label="transmutation/NN-36"]; N_37 [label="./.-37"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_16 [label="cc"]; N_9 -> N_3 [label="nmod:under"]; N_9 -> N_4 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_20 [label="conj:and"]; N_9 -> N_37 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="xcomp"]; N_9 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_14 [label="nmod:than"]; N_14 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="det"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_20 -> N_17 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_20 -> N_18 [label="aux"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="auxpass"]; N_20 -> N_23 [label="nmod:from"]; N_20 -> N_24 [label="punct"]; N_20 -> N_25 [label="xcomp"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="det"]; N_25 -> N_29 [label="nmod:behind"]; N_29 -> N_32 [label="dep"]; N_29 -> N_26 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="det"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="amod"]; N_29 -> N_30 [label="punct"]; N_32 -> N_33 [label="acl"]; N_32 -> N_31 [label="amod"]; N_33 -> N_36 [label="nmod:in"]; N_36 -> N_34 [label="case"]; N_36 -> N_35 [label="amod"]; }
number
13
electron
20
[[cause]]/N -nsubj leads/VBZ +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
In ferromagnetic elements such as iron, cobalt and nickel, an odd number of electrons leads to an unpaired electron and a net overall magnetic moment.
digraph { N_1 [label="In/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="ferromagnetic/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="elements/NNS-3"]; N_4 [label="such/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="as/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="iron/NN-6"]; N_7 [label=",/,-7"]; N_8 [label="cobalt/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="and/CC-9"]; N_10 [label="nickel/NN-10"]; N_11 [label=",/,-11"]; N_12 [label="an/DT-12"]; N_13 [label="odd/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="number/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="of/IN-15"]; N_16 [label="electrons/NNS-16"]; N_17 [label="leads/VBZ-17"]; N_18 [label="to/TO-18"]; N_19 [label="an/DT-19"]; N_20 [label="unpaired/JJ-20"]; N_21 [label="electron/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="and/CC-22"]; N_23 [label="a/DT-23"]; N_24 [label="net/JJ-24"]; N_25 [label="overall/JJ-25"]; N_26 [label="magnetic/JJ-26"]; N_27 [label="moment/NN-27"]; N_28 [label="./.-28"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_3 -> N_8 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_3 -> N_10 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="mwe"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_7 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="conj:and"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="cc"]; N_6 -> N_10 [label="conj:and"]; N_14 -> N_16 [label="nmod:of"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="det"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_3 [label="nmod:in"]; N_17 -> N_21 [label="nmod:to"]; N_17 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_27 [label="nmod:to"]; N_17 -> N_28 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_14 [label="nsubj"]; N_21 -> N_18 [label="case"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="det"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_21 -> N_22 [label="cc"]; N_21 -> N_27 [label="conj:and"]; N_27 -> N_23 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_24 [label="amod"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="amod"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="amod"]; }
presence
1
splitting
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
The presence of an external electric field can cause a comparable splitting and shifting of spectral lines by modifying the electron energy levels, a phenomenon called the Stark effect.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="presence/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="an/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="external/JJ-5"]; N_6 [label="electric/JJ-6"]; N_7 [label="field/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="can/MD-8"]; N_9 [label="cause/VB-9"]; N_10 [label="a/DT-10"]; N_11 [label="comparable/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="splitting/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="and/CC-13"]; N_14 [label="shifting/VBG-14"]; N_15 [label="of/IN-15"]; N_16 [label="spectral/JJ-16"]; N_17 [label="lines/NNS-17"]; N_18 [label="by/IN-18"]; N_19 [label="modifying/VBG-19"]; N_20 [label="the/DT-20"]; N_21 [label="electron/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="energy/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="levels/NNS-23"]; N_24 [label=",/,-24"]; N_25 [label="a/DT-25"]; N_26 [label="phenomenon/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="called/VBD-27"]; N_28 [label="the/DT-28"]; N_29 [label="Stark/NNP-29"]; N_30 [label="effect/NN-30"]; N_31 [label="./.-31"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_7 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_7 -> N_5 [label="amod"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="aux"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_9 -> N_13 [label="cc"]; N_9 -> N_14 [label="conj:and"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="det"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_17 [label="nmod:of"]; N_14 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_14 -> N_19 [label="advcl:by"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_15 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="mark"]; N_19 -> N_23 [label="dobj"]; N_23 -> N_20 [label="det"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="compound"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="compound"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_24 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_9 [label="ccomp"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="nsubj"]; N_27 -> N_14 [label="ccomp"]; N_27 -> N_30 [label="dobj"]; N_27 -> N_31 [label="punct"]; N_30 -> N_28 [label="det"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="compound"]; }
force
15
protons
20
[[cause]]/N -nsubj causes/VBZ +dobj [[effect]]/N
At distances smaller than 2.5 fm this force is much more powerful than the electrostatic force that causes positively charged protons to repel each other.
digraph { N_1 [label="At/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="distances/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="smaller/JJR-3"]; N_4 [label="than/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="2.5/CD-5"]; N_6 [label="fm/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="this/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="force/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="is/VBZ-9"]; N_10 [label="much/RB-10"]; N_11 [label="more/RBR-11"]; N_12 [label="powerful/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="than/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="the/DT-14"]; N_15 [label="electrostatic/JJ-15"]; N_16 [label="force/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="that/WDT-17"]; N_18 [label="causes/VBZ-18"]; N_19 [label="positively/RB-19"]; N_20 [label="charged/VBN-20"]; N_21 [label="protons/NNS-21"]; N_22 [label="to/TO-22"]; N_23 [label="repel/VB-23"]; N_24 [label="each/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="other/JJ-25"]; N_26 [label="./.-26"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:than"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="nummod"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_12 -> N_16 [label="nmod:than"]; N_12 -> N_2 [label="nmod:at"]; N_12 -> N_3 [label="advmod"]; N_12 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="cop"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="advmod"]; N_12 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="advmod"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="ref"]; N_16 -> N_18 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="nsubj"]; N_18 -> N_21 [label="dobj"]; N_18 -> N_23 [label="xcomp"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="advmod"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="mark"]; N_23 -> N_25 [label="dobj"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="det"]; }
photon
12
emission
20
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
If a bound electron is in an excited state, an interacting photon with the proper energy can cause stimulated emission of a photon with a matching energy level.
digraph { N_1 [label="If/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="a/DT-2"]; N_3 [label="bound/VBN-3"]; N_4 [label="electron/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="is/VBZ-5"]; N_6 [label="in/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="an/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="excited/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="state/NN-9"]; N_10 [label=",/,-10"]; N_11 [label="an/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="interacting/VBG-12"]; N_13 [label="photon/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="with/IN-14"]; N_15 [label="the/DT-15"]; N_16 [label="proper/JJ-16"]; N_17 [label="energy/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="can/MD-18"]; N_19 [label="cause/VB-19"]; N_20 [label="stimulated/VBN-20"]; N_21 [label="emission/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="of/IN-22"]; N_23 [label="a/DT-23"]; N_24 [label="photon/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="with/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="a/DT-26"]; N_27 [label="matching/JJ-27"]; N_28 [label="energy/NN-28"]; N_29 [label="level/NN-29"]; N_30 [label="./.-30"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_1 [label="mark"]; N_9 -> N_4 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_5 [label="cop"]; N_9 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_17 [label="nmod:with"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_15 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="aux"]; N_19 -> N_21 [label="dobj"]; N_19 -> N_9 [label="advcl:in"]; N_19 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_19 -> N_13 [label="nsubj"]; N_19 -> N_29 [label="nmod:with"]; N_19 -> N_30 [label="punct"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_21 -> N_24 [label="nmod:of"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="det"]; N_29 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_26 [label="det"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="amod"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="compound"]; }
rediscovery
6
attention
35
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
In the fourteenth century, the rediscovery of major works describing atomist teachings, including Lucretius's De rerum natura and Diogenes Laërtius's Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, led to increased scholarly attention on the subject.
digraph { N_1 [label="In/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="the/DT-2"]; N_3 [label="fourteenth/JJ-3"]; N_4 [label="century/NN-4"]; N_5 [label=",/,-5"]; N_6 [label="the/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="rediscovery/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="of/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="major/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="works/NNS-10"]; N_11 [label="describing/VBG-11"]; N_12 [label="atomist/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="teachings/NNS-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="including/VBG-15"]; N_16 [label="Lucretius/NNP-16"]; N_17 [label="'s/POS-17"]; N_18 [label="De/NNP-18"]; N_19 [label="rerum/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="natura/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="and/CC-21"]; N_22 [label="Diogenes/NNP-22"]; N_23 [label="Laërtius/NNP-23"]; N_24 [label="'s/POS-24"]; N_25 [label="Lives/NNS-25"]; N_26 [label="and/CC-26"]; N_27 [label="Opinions/NNS-27"]; N_28 [label="of/IN-28"]; N_29 [label="Eminent/NNP-29"]; N_30 [label="Philosophers/NNPS-30"]; N_31 [label=",/,-31"]; N_32 [label="led/VBD-32"]; N_33 [label="to/TO-33"]; N_34 [label="increased/VBN-34"]; N_35 [label="scholarly/JJ-35"]; N_36 [label="attention/NN-36"]; N_37 [label="on/IN-37"]; N_38 [label="the/DT-38"]; N_39 [label="subject/NN-39"]; N_40 [label="./.-40"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="amod"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_7 -> N_10 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_31 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="acl"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="dobj"]; N_13 -> N_20 [label="nmod:including"]; N_13 -> N_25 [label="nmod:including"]; N_13 -> N_27 [label="nmod:including"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_20 -> N_16 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_20 -> N_18 [label="compound"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="compound"]; N_20 -> N_21 [label="cc"]; N_20 -> N_25 [label="conj:and"]; N_20 -> N_26 [label="cc"]; N_20 -> N_27 [label="conj:and"]; N_20 -> N_15 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="compound"]; N_23 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_27 -> N_30 [label="nmod:of"]; N_30 -> N_28 [label="case"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="compound"]; N_32 -> N_4 [label="nmod:in"]; N_32 -> N_36 [label="nmod:to"]; N_32 -> N_5 [label="punct"]; N_32 -> N_7 [label="nsubj"]; N_32 -> N_40 [label="punct"]; N_36 -> N_33 [label="case"]; N_36 -> N_34 [label="amod"]; N_36 -> N_35 [label="amod"]; N_36 -> N_39 [label="nmod:on"]; N_39 -> N_37 [label="case"]; N_39 -> N_38 [label="det"]; }
proton
18
emission
30
[[cause]]/N -nsubj causes/VBZ +dobj [[effect]]/N
The neutron to proton transition is accompanied by the emission of an electron and an antineutrino, while proton to neutron transition (except in electron capture) causes the emission of a positron and a neutrino.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="neutron/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="to/TO-3"]; N_4 [label="proton/VB-4"]; N_5 [label="transition/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="is/VBZ-6"]; N_7 [label="accompanied/VBN-7"]; N_8 [label="by/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="the/DT-9"]; N_10 [label="emission/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="of/IN-11"]; N_12 [label="an/DT-12"]; N_13 [label="electron/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="and/CC-14"]; N_15 [label="an/DT-15"]; N_16 [label="antineutrino/NN-16"]; N_17 [label=",/,-17"]; N_18 [label="while/IN-18"]; N_19 [label="proton/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="to/TO-20"]; N_21 [label="neutron/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="transition/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--23"]; N_24 [label="except/IN-24"]; N_25 [label="in/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="electron/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="capture/NN-27"]; N_28 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--28"]; N_29 [label="causes/VBZ-29"]; N_30 [label="the/DT-30"]; N_31 [label="emission/NN-31"]; N_32 [label="of/IN-32"]; N_33 [label="a/DT-33"]; N_34 [label="positron/NN-34"]; N_35 [label="and/CC-35"]; N_36 [label="a/DT-36"]; N_37 [label="neutrino/NN-37"]; N_38 [label="./.-38"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="acl:to"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="mark"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="dobj"]; N_7 -> N_17 [label="punct"]; N_7 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="auxpass"]; N_7 -> N_38 [label="punct"]; N_7 -> N_10 [label="nmod:agent"]; N_7 -> N_29 [label="advcl:while"]; N_10 -> N_16 [label="nmod:of"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="nmod:of"]; N_13 -> N_16 [label="conj:and"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="det"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="cc"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:to"]; N_19 -> N_27 [label="nmod:in"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="compound"]; N_27 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_27 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="compound"]; N_27 -> N_28 [label="punct"]; N_29 -> N_18 [label="mark"]; N_29 -> N_19 [label="nsubj"]; N_29 -> N_31 [label="dobj"]; N_31 -> N_34 [label="nmod:of"]; N_31 -> N_37 [label="nmod:of"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="det"]; N_34 -> N_32 [label="case"]; N_34 -> N_33 [label="det"]; N_34 -> N_35 [label="cc"]; N_34 -> N_37 [label="conj:and"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="det"]; }
electrons
16
elements
23
[[cause]]/N -nsubj results/VBZ +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
The elements at the far right of the table have their outer shell completely filled with electrons, which results in chemically inert elements known as the noble gases.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="elements/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="at/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="far/RB-5"]; N_6 [label="right/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="the/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="table/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="have/VBP-10"]; N_11 [label="their/PRP$-11"]; N_12 [label="outer/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="shell/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="completely/RB-14"]; N_15 [label="filled/VBN-15"]; N_16 [label="with/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="electrons/NNS-17"]; N_18 [label=",/,-18"]; N_19 [label="which/WDT-19"]; N_20 [label="results/VBZ-20"]; N_21 [label="in/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="chemically/RB-22"]; N_23 [label="inert/JJ-23"]; N_24 [label="elements/NNS-24"]; N_25 [label="known/VBN-25"]; N_26 [label="as/IN-26"]; N_27 [label="the/DT-27"]; N_28 [label="noble/JJ-28"]; N_29 [label="gases/NNS-29"]; N_30 [label="./.-30"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_6 [label="nmod:at"]; N_6 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="advmod"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:of"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_30 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_15 [label="ccomp"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_15 -> N_17 [label="nmod:with"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="nsubj"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="advmod"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_18 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_19 [label="ref"]; N_17 -> N_20 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_20 -> N_17 [label="nsubj"]; N_20 -> N_24 [label="nmod:in"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="advmod"]; N_24 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="amod"]; N_24 -> N_25 [label="acl"]; N_25 -> N_29 [label="nmod:as"]; N_29 -> N_26 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="det"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="amod"]; }
charge
2
trajectory
5
[[cause]]/N -nsubj causes/VBZ +dobj [[effect]]/N
The electric charge causes the trajectory of an atom to bend when it passes through a magnetic field.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="electric/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="charge/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="causes/VBZ-4"]; N_5 [label="the/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="trajectory/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="an/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="atom/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="to/TO-10"]; N_11 [label="bend/VB-11"]; N_12 [label="when/WRB-12"]; N_13 [label="it/PRP-13"]; N_14 [label="passes/VBZ-14"]; N_15 [label="through/IN-15"]; N_16 [label="a/DT-16"]; N_17 [label="magnetic/JJ-17"]; N_18 [label="field/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="./.-19"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_19 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_4 -> N_11 [label="xcomp"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:of"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_11 -> N_6 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="mark"]; N_11 -> N_14 [label="advcl"]; N_14 -> N_18 [label="nmod:through"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="advmod"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="nsubj"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="det"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="amod"]; N_18 -> N_15 [label="case"]; }
decay
7
rest
1
[[cause]]/N -nmod:of result/NN +nsubj [[effect]]/N
The rest are the result of radioactive decay, and their relative proportion can be used to determine the age of the Earth through radiometric dating.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="rest/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="are/VBP-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="result/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="of/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="radioactive/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="decay/NN-8"]; N_9 [label=",/,-9"]; N_10 [label="and/CC-10"]; N_11 [label="their/PRP$-11"]; N_12 [label="relative/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="proportion/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="can/MD-14"]; N_15 [label="be/VB-15"]; N_16 [label="used/VBN-16"]; N_17 [label="to/TO-17"]; N_18 [label="determine/VB-18"]; N_19 [label="the/DT-19"]; N_20 [label="age/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="of/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="the/DT-22"]; N_23 [label="Earth/NNP-23"]; N_24 [label="through/IN-24"]; N_25 [label="radiometric/JJ-25"]; N_26 [label="dating/VBG-26"]; N_27 [label="./.-27"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_5 -> N_16 [label="conj:and"]; N_5 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="cop"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_9 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_10 [label="cc"]; N_5 -> N_27 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_18 [label="xcomp"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="aux"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="auxpass"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="mark"]; N_18 -> N_20 [label="dobj"]; N_18 -> N_26 [label="nmod:through"]; N_18 -> N_13 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="det"]; N_20 -> N_23 [label="nmod:of"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="det"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="amod"]; }
gases
14
discovery
21
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
J. J. Thomson created a technique for isotope separation through his work on ionized gases, which subsequently led to the discovery of stable isotopes.
digraph { N_1 [label="J./NNP-1"]; N_2 [label="J./NNP-2"]; N_3 [label="Thomson/NNP-3"]; N_4 [label="created/VBD-4"]; N_5 [label="a/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="technique/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="for/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="isotope/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="separation/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="through/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="his/PRP$-11"]; N_12 [label="work/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="on/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="ionized/VBN-14"]; N_15 [label="gases/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="which/WDT-17"]; N_18 [label="subsequently/RB-18"]; N_19 [label="led/VBD-19"]; N_20 [label="to/TO-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="discovery/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="of/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="stable/JJ-24"]; N_25 [label="isotopes/NNS-25"]; N_26 [label="./.-26"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="compound"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_4 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_12 [label="nmod:through"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:for"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="compound"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_12 -> N_15 [label="nmod:on"]; N_15 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_17 [label="ref"]; N_15 -> N_19 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="amod"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="advmod"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:to"]; N_19 -> N_15 [label="nsubj"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_25 [label="nmod:of"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="amod"]; }
decay
22
number
26
[[cause]]/N -nsubj causes/VBZ +dobj [[effect]]/N
A nucleus that has a different number of protons than neutrons can potentially drop to a lower energy state through a radioactive decay that causes the number of protons and neutrons to more closely match.
digraph { N_1 [label="A/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="nucleus/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="that/WDT-3"]; N_4 [label="has/VBZ-4"]; N_5 [label="a/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="different/JJ-6"]; N_7 [label="number/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="of/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="protons/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label="than/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="neutrons/NNS-11"]; N_12 [label="can/MD-12"]; N_13 [label="potentially/RB-13"]; N_14 [label="drop/VB-14"]; N_15 [label="to/TO-15"]; N_16 [label="a/DT-16"]; N_17 [label="lower/JJR-17"]; N_18 [label="energy/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="state/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="through/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="a/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="radioactive/JJ-22"]; N_23 [label="decay/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="that/WDT-24"]; N_25 [label="causes/VBZ-25"]; N_26 [label="the/DT-26"]; N_27 [label="number/NN-27"]; N_28 [label="of/IN-28"]; N_29 [label="protons/NNS-29"]; N_30 [label="and/CC-30"]; N_31 [label="neutrons/NNS-31"]; N_32 [label="to/TO-32"]; N_33 [label="more/RBR-33"]; N_34 [label="closely/RB-34"]; N_35 [label="match/VB-35"]; N_36 [label="./.-36"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_3 [label="ref"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_7 [label="dobj"]; N_7 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="amod"]; N_7 -> N_9 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_11 [label="nmod:than"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_14 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_14 -> N_19 [label="nmod:to"]; N_14 -> N_36 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_23 [label="nmod:through"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="aux"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="advmod"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="amod"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_15 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="amod"]; N_23 -> N_24 [label="ref"]; N_23 -> N_25 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_25 -> N_35 [label="xcomp"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="nsubj"]; N_25 -> N_27 [label="dobj"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_29 [label="nmod:of"]; N_27 -> N_31 [label="nmod:of"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_30 [label="cc"]; N_29 -> N_31 [label="conj:and"]; N_34 -> N_33 [label="advmod"]; N_35 -> N_32 [label="mark"]; N_35 -> N_34 [label="advmod"]; N_35 -> N_27 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; }
loss
18
particles
26
[[cause]]/N -nsubj causes/VBZ +dobj [[effect]]/N
This deficit is part of the binding energy of the new nucleus, and it is the non-recoverable loss of the energy that causes the fused particles to remain together in a state that requires this energy to separate.
digraph { N_1 [label="This/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="deficit/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="is/VBZ-3"]; N_4 [label="part/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="of/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="the/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="binding/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="energy/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="of/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="the/DT-10"]; N_11 [label="new/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="nucleus/NN-12"]; N_13 [label=",/,-13"]; N_14 [label="and/CC-14"]; N_15 [label="it/PRP-15"]; N_16 [label="is/VBZ-16"]; N_17 [label="the/DT-17"]; N_18 [label="non-recoverable/JJ-18"]; N_19 [label="loss/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="of/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="energy/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="that/WDT-23"]; N_24 [label="causes/VBZ-24"]; N_25 [label="the/DT-25"]; N_26 [label="fused/VBN-26"]; N_27 [label="particles/NNS-27"]; N_28 [label="to/TO-28"]; N_29 [label="remain/VB-29"]; N_30 [label="together/RB-30"]; N_31 [label="in/IN-31"]; N_32 [label="a/DT-32"]; N_33 [label="state/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="that/WDT-34"]; N_35 [label="requires/VBZ-35"]; N_36 [label="this/DT-36"]; N_37 [label="energy/NN-37"]; N_38 [label="to/TO-38"]; N_39 [label="separate/VB-39"]; N_40 [label="./.-40"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="cop"]; N_4 -> N_19 [label="conj:and"]; N_4 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_4 -> N_40 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_14 [label="cc"]; N_8 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="compound"]; N_8 -> N_12 [label="nmod:of"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="det"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="cop"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="amod"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:of"]; N_19 -> N_23 [label="ref"]; N_19 -> N_24 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_19 -> N_15 [label="nsubj"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_24 -> N_19 [label="nsubj"]; N_24 -> N_27 [label="dobj"]; N_24 -> N_29 [label="xcomp"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="det"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="amod"]; N_29 -> N_33 [label="nmod:in"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="mark"]; N_29 -> N_30 [label="advmod"]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="det"]; N_33 -> N_34 [label="ref"]; N_33 -> N_35 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_33 -> N_31 [label="case"]; N_35 -> N_33 [label="nsubj"]; N_35 -> N_37 [label="dobj"]; N_35 -> N_39 [label="xcomp"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="det"]; N_39 -> N_37 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_39 -> N_38 [label="mark"]; }
nucleus
5
emission
10
[[cause]]/N -nsubj results/VBZ +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
The excited state of a nucleus which results in gamma emission usually occurs following the emission of an alpha or a beta particle.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="excited/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="state/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="of/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="a/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="nucleus/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="which/WDT-7"]; N_8 [label="results/VBZ-8"]; N_9 [label="in/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="gamma/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="emission/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="usually/RB-12"]; N_13 [label="occurs/VBZ-13"]; N_14 [label="following/VBG-14"]; N_15 [label="the/DT-15"]; N_16 [label="emission/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="of/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="an/DT-18"]; N_19 [label="alpha/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="or/CC-20"]; N_21 [label="a/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="beta/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="particle/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="./.-24"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:of"]; N_3 -> N_24 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_7 [label="ref"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="nsubj"]; N_8 -> N_11 [label="nmod:in"]; N_8 -> N_13 [label="dep"]; N_11 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="compound"]; N_13 -> N_16 [label="nmod:following"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="advmod"]; N_16 -> N_19 [label="nmod:of"]; N_16 -> N_23 [label="nmod:of"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_20 [label="cc"]; N_19 -> N_23 [label="conj:or"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="compound"]; }
matter
18
order
14
[[cause]]/N -nmod:with associated/VBN -acl [[effect]]/N
This atomic matter forms networked arrangements that lack the particular type of small-scale interrupted order associated with molecular matter.
digraph { N_1 [label="This/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="atomic/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="matter/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="forms/NNS-4"]; N_5 [label="networked/JJ-5"]; N_6 [label="arrangements/NNS-6"]; N_7 [label="that/WDT-7"]; N_8 [label="lack/VBP-8"]; N_9 [label="the/DT-9"]; N_10 [label="particular/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="type/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="of/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="small-scale/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="interrupted/JJ-14"]; N_15 [label="order/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="associated/VBN-16"]; N_17 [label="with/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="molecular/JJ-18"]; N_19 [label="matter/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="./.-20"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_20 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="amod"]; N_6 -> N_7 [label="ref"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="nsubj"]; N_8 -> N_11 [label="dobj"]; N_11 -> N_9 [label="det"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_15 [label="nmod:of"]; N_15 -> N_16 [label="acl"]; N_15 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_19 [label="nmod:with"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="amod"]; }
planting
1
%
21
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBN +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
The planting of acacia, mahogany, and red and white cedar on Antigua has led to as much as 11% of the land becoming forested, helping to conserve the soil and water.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="planting/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="acacia/NN-4"]; N_5 [label=",/,-5"]; N_6 [label="mahogany/NN-6"]; N_7 [label=",/,-7"]; N_8 [label="and/CC-8"]; N_9 [label="red/JJ-9"]; N_10 [label="and/CC-10"]; N_11 [label="white/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="cedar/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="on/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="Antigua/NNP-14"]; N_15 [label="has/VBZ-15"]; N_16 [label="led/VBN-16"]; N_17 [label="to/TO-17"]; N_18 [label="as/RB-18"]; N_19 [label="much/JJ-19"]; N_20 [label="as/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="11/CD-21"]; N_22 [label="%/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="of/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="the/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="land/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="becoming/VBG-26"]; N_27 [label="forested/JJ-27"]; N_28 [label=",/,-28"]; N_29 [label="helping/VBG-29"]; N_30 [label="to/TO-30"]; N_31 [label="conserve/VB-31"]; N_32 [label="the/DT-32"]; N_33 [label="soil/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="and/CC-34"]; N_35 [label="water/NN-35"]; N_36 [label="./.-36"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_4 [label="nmod:of"]; N_2 -> N_6 [label="nmod:of"]; N_2 -> N_12 [label="nmod:of"]; N_2 -> N_14 [label="nmod:on"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="conj:and"]; N_4 -> N_7 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_8 [label="cc"]; N_4 -> N_12 [label="conj:and"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="cc"]; N_9 -> N_11 [label="conj:and"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_16 -> N_36 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_22 [label="nmod:to"]; N_16 -> N_28 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_29 [label="xcomp"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="aux"]; N_21 -> N_18 [label="advmod"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="advmod"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="advmod"]; N_22 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="nummod"]; N_22 -> N_25 [label="nmod:of"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_25 -> N_26 [label="acl"]; N_26 -> N_27 [label="xcomp"]; N_29 -> N_31 [label="xcomp"]; N_31 -> N_33 [label="dobj"]; N_31 -> N_35 [label="dobj"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="mark"]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="det"]; N_33 -> N_34 [label="cc"]; N_33 -> N_35 [label="conj:and"]; }
Irma
11
winds
15
[[cause]]/N -nsubj brought/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
Most of Barbuda was devastated in early September 2017 by Hurricane Irma, which brought winds with speeds reaching 295 km/h (185 mph).
digraph { N_1 [label="Most/JJS-1"]; N_2 [label="of/IN-2"]; N_3 [label="Barbuda/NNP-3"]; N_4 [label="was/VBD-4"]; N_5 [label="devastated/VBN-5"]; N_6 [label="in/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="early/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="September/NNP-8"]; N_9 [label="2017/CD-9"]; N_10 [label="by/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="Hurricane/NNP-11"]; N_12 [label="Irma/NNP-12"]; N_13 [label=",/,-13"]; N_14 [label="which/WDT-14"]; N_15 [label="brought/VBD-15"]; N_16 [label="winds/NNS-16"]; N_17 [label="with/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="speeds/NNS-18"]; N_19 [label="reaching/VBG-19"]; N_20 [label="295/CD-20"]; N_21 [label="km/h/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--22"]; N_23 [label="185/CD-23"]; N_24 [label="mph/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--25"]; N_26 [label="./.-26"]; N_1 -> N_3 [label="nmod:of"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_1 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="auxpass"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="nmod:in"]; N_5 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_12 [label="nmod:agent"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="nummod"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="compound"]; N_12 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_14 [label="ref"]; N_12 -> N_15 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_15 -> N_16 [label="dobj"]; N_15 -> N_18 [label="nmod:with"]; N_15 -> N_12 [label="nsubj"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_18 -> N_19 [label="acl"]; N_19 -> N_21 [label="dobj"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="nummod"]; N_21 -> N_24 [label="appos"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="punct"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="nummod"]; N_24 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; }
Allergy
0
dermatitis
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/NN +nmod:of [[effect]]/N
Allergy to these compounds is the leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis in florists in the US.
digraph { N_1 [label="Allergy/NN-1"]; N_2 [label="to/TO-2"]; N_3 [label="these/DT-3"]; N_4 [label="compounds/NNS-4"]; N_5 [label="is/VBZ-5"]; N_6 [label="the/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="leading/VBG-7"]; N_8 [label="cause/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="of/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="allergic/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="contact/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="dermatitis/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="in/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="florists/NNS-14"]; N_15 [label="in/IN-15"]; N_16 [label="the/DT-16"]; N_17 [label="US/NNP-17"]; N_18 [label="./.-18"]; N_1 -> N_4 [label="nmod:to"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_8 -> N_18 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_5 [label="cop"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_12 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_14 [label="nmod:in"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="compound"]; N_14 -> N_17 [label="nmod:in"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="det"]; N_17 -> N_15 [label="case"]; }
development
14
success
11
[[cause]]/N +nsubj cause/NN +nmod:of [[effect]]/N
It is still unknown whether the precise cause of their great success was the development of the highly specialised capitulum, their ability to store energy as fructans (mainly inulin), which is an advantage in relatively dry zones, or some combination of these and possibly other factors.
digraph { N_1 [label="It/PRP-1"]; N_2 [label="is/VBZ-2"]; N_3 [label="still/RB-3"]; N_4 [label="unknown/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="whether/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="the/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="precise/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="cause/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="of/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="their/PRP$-10"]; N_11 [label="great/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="success/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="was/VBD-13"]; N_14 [label="the/DT-14"]; N_15 [label="development/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="of/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="the/DT-17"]; N_18 [label="highly/RB-18"]; N_19 [label="specialised/JJ-19"]; N_20 [label="capitulum/NN-20"]; N_21 [label=",/,-21"]; N_22 [label="their/PRP$-22"]; N_23 [label="ability/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="to/TO-24"]; N_25 [label="store/VB-25"]; N_26 [label="energy/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="as/IN-27"]; N_28 [label="fructans/NNS-28"]; N_29 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--29"]; N_30 [label="mainly/RB-30"]; N_31 [label="inulin/NN-31"]; N_32 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--32"]; N_33 [label=",/,-33"]; N_34 [label="which/WDT-34"]; N_35 [label="is/VBZ-35"]; N_36 [label="an/DT-36"]; N_37 [label="advantage/NN-37"]; N_38 [label="in/IN-38"]; N_39 [label="relatively/RB-39"]; N_40 [label="dry/JJ-40"]; N_41 [label="zones/NNS-41"]; N_42 [label=",/,-42"]; N_43 [label="or/CC-43"]; N_44 [label="some/DT-44"]; N_45 [label="combination/NN-45"]; N_46 [label="of/IN-46"]; N_47 [label="these/DT-47"]; N_48 [label="and/CC-48"]; N_49 [label="possibly/RB-49"]; N_50 [label="other/JJ-50"]; N_51 [label="factors/NNS-51"]; N_52 [label="./.-52"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="cop"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="advmod"]; N_4 -> N_21 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_15 [label="ccomp"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_12 [label="nmod:of"]; N_12 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_15 -> N_20 [label="nmod:of"]; N_15 -> N_5 [label="mark"]; N_15 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="cop"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="advmod"]; N_20 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_20 -> N_17 [label="det"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="amod"]; N_21 -> N_23 [label="root"]; N_23 -> N_52 [label="punct"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_23 -> N_25 [label="acl:to"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="mark"]; N_25 -> N_26 [label="dobj"]; N_25 -> N_28 [label="nmod:as"]; N_25 -> N_45 [label="nmod:as"]; N_28 -> N_33 [label="punct"]; N_28 -> N_34 [label="ref"]; N_28 -> N_37 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_28 -> N_42 [label="punct"]; N_28 -> N_27 [label="case"]; N_28 -> N_43 [label="cc"]; N_28 -> N_45 [label="conj:or"]; N_28 -> N_31 [label="appos"]; N_31 -> N_32 [label="punct"]; N_31 -> N_29 [label="punct"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="advmod"]; N_37 -> N_35 [label="cop"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="det"]; N_37 -> N_41 [label="nmod:in"]; N_37 -> N_28 [label="nsubj"]; N_37 -> N_45 [label="nsubj"]; N_40 -> N_39 [label="advmod"]; N_41 -> N_38 [label="case"]; N_41 -> N_40 [label="amod"]; N_45 -> N_51 [label="nmod:of"]; N_45 -> N_44 [label="det"]; N_45 -> N_47 [label="nmod:of"]; N_47 -> N_48 [label="cc"]; N_47 -> N_51 [label="conj:and"]; N_47 -> N_46 [label="case"]; N_51 -> N_49 [label="advmod"]; N_51 -> N_50 [label="amod"]; }
development
1
creation
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
The development of cursive versions of Aramaic also led to the creation of the Syriac, Palmyrene and Mandaic alphabets, which formed the basis of the historical scripts of Central Asia, such as the Sogdian and Mongolian alphabets.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="development/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="cursive/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="versions/NNS-5"]; N_6 [label="of/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="Aramaic/NNP-7"]; N_8 [label="also/RB-8"]; N_9 [label="led/VBD-9"]; N_10 [label="to/TO-10"]; N_11 [label="the/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="creation/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="of/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="the/DT-14"]; N_15 [label="Syriac/NNP-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="Palmyrene/NNP-17"]; N_18 [label="and/CC-18"]; N_19 [label="Mandaic/NNP-19"]; N_20 [label="alphabets/NNS-20"]; N_21 [label=",/,-21"]; N_22 [label="which/WDT-22"]; N_23 [label="formed/VBD-23"]; N_24 [label="the/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="basis/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="of/IN-26"]; N_27 [label="the/DT-27"]; N_28 [label="historical/JJ-28"]; N_29 [label="scripts/NNS-29"]; N_30 [label="of/IN-30"]; N_31 [label="Central/NNP-31"]; N_32 [label="Asia/NNP-32"]; N_33 [label=",/,-33"]; N_34 [label="such/JJ-34"]; N_35 [label="as/IN-35"]; N_36 [label="the/DT-36"]; N_37 [label="Sogdian/NNP-37"]; N_38 [label="and/CC-38"]; N_39 [label="Mongolian/NNP-39"]; N_40 [label="alphabets/NNS-40"]; N_41 [label="./.-41"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="advmod"]; N_9 -> N_41 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="nmod:to"]; N_12 -> N_20 [label="nmod:of"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_15 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_15 -> N_17 [label="conj:and"]; N_15 -> N_18 [label="cc"]; N_15 -> N_19 [label="conj:and"]; N_20 -> N_17 [label="compound"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="compound"]; N_20 -> N_21 [label="punct"]; N_20 -> N_22 [label="ref"]; N_20 -> N_23 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_20 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_20 -> N_14 [label="det"]; N_20 -> N_15 [label="compound"]; N_23 -> N_20 [label="nsubj"]; N_23 -> N_25 [label="dobj"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_25 -> N_29 [label="nmod:of"]; N_29 -> N_32 [label="nmod:of"]; N_29 -> N_26 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="det"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="amod"]; N_32 -> N_33 [label="punct"]; N_32 -> N_37 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_32 -> N_40 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_32 -> N_30 [label="case"]; N_32 -> N_31 [label="compound"]; N_34 -> N_35 [label="mwe"]; N_37 -> N_34 [label="case"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="det"]; N_37 -> N_38 [label="cc"]; N_37 -> N_40 [label="conj:and"]; N_40 -> N_39 [label="compound"]; }
influence
4
use
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Among Jews, the influence of Hebrew often led to the use of Hē instead, at the end of a word.
digraph { N_1 [label="Among/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="Jews/NNPS-2"]; N_3 [label=",/,-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="influence/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="of/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="Hebrew/NNP-7"]; N_8 [label="often/RB-8"]; N_9 [label="led/VBD-9"]; N_10 [label="to/TO-10"]; N_11 [label="the/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="use/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="of/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="Hē/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="instead/RB-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="at/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="the/DT-18"]; N_19 [label="end/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="of/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="a/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="word/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="./.-23"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_2 [label="nmod:among"]; N_9 -> N_3 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_19 [label="nmod:at"]; N_9 -> N_5 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="advmod"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="nmod:to"]; N_9 -> N_15 [label="advmod"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_12 -> N_14 [label="nmod:of"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:of"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="det"]; }
near-identity
1
text
12
[[cause]]/N -nsubj caused/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
The near-identity of the Aramaic and the classical Hebrew alphabets caused Aramaic text to be typeset mostly in the standard Hebrew script in scholarly literature.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="near-identity/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="Aramaic/NNP-5"]; N_6 [label="and/CC-6"]; N_7 [label="the/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="classical/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="Hebrew/NNP-9"]; N_10 [label="alphabets/NNS-10"]; N_11 [label="caused/VBD-11"]; N_12 [label="Aramaic/NNP-12"]; N_13 [label="text/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="to/TO-14"]; N_15 [label="be/VB-15"]; N_16 [label="typeset/VBN-16"]; N_17 [label="mostly/RB-17"]; N_18 [label="in/IN-18"]; N_19 [label="the/DT-19"]; N_20 [label="standard/JJ-20"]; N_21 [label="Hebrew/JJ-21"]; N_22 [label="script/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="in/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="scholarly/JJ-24"]; N_25 [label="literature/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="./.-26"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="nmod:of"]; N_2 -> N_10 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="cc"]; N_5 -> N_10 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="compound"]; N_11 -> N_16 [label="xcomp"]; N_11 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_11 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="dobj"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="advmod"]; N_16 -> N_22 [label="nmod:in"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="nsubjpass:xsubj"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="mark"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="auxpass"]; N_22 -> N_18 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_19 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="amod"]; N_22 -> N_25 [label="nmod:in"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="amod"]; }
usage
2
adoption
14
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
The widespread usage of Achaemenid Aramaic in the Middle East led to the gradual adoption of the Aramaic alphabet for writing Hebrew.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="widespread/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="usage/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="of/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="Achaemenid/NNP-5"]; N_6 [label="Aramaic/NNP-6"]; N_7 [label="in/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="the/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="Middle/NNP-9"]; N_10 [label="East/NNP-10"]; N_11 [label="led/VBD-11"]; N_12 [label="to/TO-12"]; N_13 [label="the/DT-13"]; N_14 [label="gradual/JJ-14"]; N_15 [label="adoption/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="of/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="the/DT-17"]; N_18 [label="Aramaic/JJ-18"]; N_19 [label="alphabet/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="for/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="writing/VBG-21"]; N_22 [label="Hebrew/NNP-22"]; N_23 [label="./.-23"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:of"]; N_3 -> N_10 [label="nmod:in"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="compound"]; N_10 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="compound"]; N_11 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_11 -> N_21 [label="advcl:for"]; N_11 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_11 -> N_15 [label="nmod:to"]; N_15 -> N_19 [label="nmod:of"]; N_15 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="det"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="amod"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="amod"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="mark"]; N_21 -> N_22 [label="dobj"]; }
factors
13
feelings
23
[[cause]]/N -nsubj lead/VB +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Depending on the nature of the antecedent relations, cognitions, and situational factors, intergroup contact may be stressful and lead to feelings of anxiety.
digraph { N_1 [label="Depending/VBG-1"]; N_2 [label="on/IN-2"]; N_3 [label="the/DT-3"]; N_4 [label="nature/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="of/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="the/DT-6"]; N_7 [label="antecedent/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="relations/NNS-8"]; N_9 [label=",/,-9"]; N_10 [label="cognitions/NNS-10"]; N_11 [label=",/,-11"]; N_12 [label="and/CC-12"]; N_13 [label="situational/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="factors/NNS-14"]; N_15 [label=",/,-15"]; N_16 [label="intergroup/JJ-16"]; N_17 [label="contact/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="may/MD-18"]; N_19 [label="be/VB-19"]; N_20 [label="stressful/JJ-20"]; N_21 [label="and/CC-21"]; N_22 [label="lead/VB-22"]; N_23 [label="to/TO-23"]; N_24 [label="feelings/NNS-24"]; N_25 [label="of/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="anxiety/NN-26"]; N_27 [label="./.-27"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_4 [label="advcl:on"]; N_10 -> N_20 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_22 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_27 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="cc"]; N_14 -> N_17 [label="appos"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="amod"]; N_20 -> N_18 [label="aux"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="cop"]; N_20 -> N_21 [label="cc"]; N_20 -> N_22 [label="conj:and"]; N_20 -> N_14 [label="nsubj"]; N_22 -> N_24 [label="nmod:to"]; N_22 -> N_14 [label="nsubj"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_26 [label="nmod:of"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="case"]; }
feelings
1
symptoms
5
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.
digraph { N_1 [label="These/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="feelings/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="may/MD-3"]; N_4 [label="cause/VB-4"]; N_5 [label="physical/JJ-5"]; N_6 [label="symptoms/NNS-6"]; N_7 [label=",/,-7"]; N_8 [label="such/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="as/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="a/DT-10"]; N_11 [label="fast/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="heart/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="rate/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="and/CC-14"]; N_15 [label="shakiness/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="./.-16"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="aux"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="amod"]; N_6 -> N_7 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_13 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_6 -> N_15 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="mwe"]; N_13 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_10 [label="det"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="cc"]; N_13 -> N_15 [label="conj:and"]; }
skills
2
anxiety
32
[[cause]]/N -nsubjpass associated/VBN +nmod:with [[effect]]/N
Poor coping skills (e.g., rigidity/inflexible problem solving, denial, avoidance, impulsivity, extreme self-expectation, affective instability, and inability to focus on problems) are associated with anxiety.
digraph { N_1 [label="Poor/NNP-1"]; N_2 [label="coping/VBG-2"]; N_3 [label="skills/NNS-3"]; N_4 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--4"]; N_5 [label="e.g./FW-5"]; N_6 [label=",/,-6"]; N_7 [label="rigidity/inflexible/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="problem/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="solving/VBG-9"]; N_10 [label=",/,-10"]; N_11 [label="denial/NN-11"]; N_12 [label=",/,-12"]; N_13 [label="avoidance/NN-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="impulsivity/NN-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="extreme/JJ-17"]; N_18 [label="self-expectation/NN-18"]; N_19 [label=",/,-19"]; N_20 [label="affective/JJ-20"]; N_21 [label="instability/NN-21"]; N_22 [label=",/,-22"]; N_23 [label="and/CC-23"]; N_24 [label="inability/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="to/TO-25"]; N_26 [label="focus/VB-26"]; N_27 [label="on/IN-27"]; N_28 [label="problems/NNS-28"]; N_29 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--29"]; N_30 [label="are/VBP-30"]; N_31 [label="associated/VBN-31"]; N_32 [label="with/IN-32"]; N_33 [label="anxiety/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="./.-34"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="compound"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="compound"]; N_3 -> N_8 [label="dep"]; N_8 -> N_18 [label="dep"]; N_8 -> N_4 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_5 [label="dep"]; N_8 -> N_21 [label="dep"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_24 [label="dep"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="dep"]; N_8 -> N_11 [label="dep"]; N_8 -> N_13 [label="dep"]; N_8 -> N_29 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_15 [label="dep"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_11 [label="conj:and"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_13 [label="conj:and"]; N_9 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_15 [label="conj:and"]; N_9 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_18 [label="conj:and"]; N_9 -> N_19 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_21 [label="conj:and"]; N_9 -> N_22 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_23 [label="cc"]; N_9 -> N_24 [label="conj:and"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="amod"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_24 -> N_26 [label="acl:to"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="mark"]; N_26 -> N_28 [label="nmod:on"]; N_28 -> N_27 [label="case"]; N_31 -> N_33 [label="nmod:with"]; N_31 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_31 -> N_3 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="auxpass"]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="case"]; }
dizziness
22
anxiety
15
[[cause]]/N -nmod:with associated/VBN -acl [[effect]]/N
The philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, in The Concept of Anxiety (1844), described anxiety or dread associated with the "dizziness of freedom" and suggested the possibility for positive resolution of anxiety through the self-conscious exercise of responsibility and choosing.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="philosopher/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="Søren/NNP-3"]; N_4 [label="Kierkegaard/NNP-4"]; N_5 [label=",/,-5"]; N_6 [label="in/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="The/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="Concept/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="of/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="Anxiety/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--11"]; N_12 [label="1844/CD-12"]; N_13 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="described/VBN-15"]; N_16 [label="anxiety/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="or/CC-17"]; N_18 [label="dread/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="associated/VBN-19"]; N_20 [label="with/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="``/``-22"]; N_23 [label="dizziness/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="of/IN-24"]; N_25 [label="freedom/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="''/''-26"]; N_27 [label="and/CC-27"]; N_28 [label="suggested/VBD-28"]; N_29 [label="the/DT-29"]; N_30 [label="possibility/NN-30"]; N_31 [label="for/IN-31"]; N_32 [label="positive/JJ-32"]; N_33 [label="resolution/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="of/IN-34"]; N_35 [label="anxiety/NN-35"]; N_36 [label="through/IN-36"]; N_37 [label="the/DT-37"]; N_38 [label="self-conscious/JJ-38"]; N_39 [label="exercise/NN-39"]; N_40 [label="of/IN-40"]; N_41 [label="responsibility/NN-41"]; N_42 [label="and/CC-42"]; N_43 [label="choosing/NN-43"]; N_44 [label="./.-44"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="root"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_10 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="appos"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_14 -> N_16 [label="root"]; N_14 -> N_18 [label="root"]; N_14 -> N_28 [label="root"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="cc"]; N_16 -> N_18 [label="conj:or"]; N_16 -> N_19 [label="acl"]; N_16 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_27 [label="cc"]; N_16 -> N_28 [label="conj:and"]; N_16 -> N_44 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; N_19 -> N_23 [label="nmod:with"]; N_23 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="punct"]; N_23 -> N_25 [label="nmod:of"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="case"]; N_28 -> N_30 [label="dobj"]; N_30 -> N_33 [label="nmod:for"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="det"]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="amod"]; N_33 -> N_35 [label="nmod:of"]; N_33 -> N_39 [label="nmod:through"]; N_33 -> N_31 [label="case"]; N_35 -> N_34 [label="case"]; N_39 -> N_36 [label="case"]; N_39 -> N_37 [label="det"]; N_39 -> N_38 [label="amod"]; N_39 -> N_41 [label="nmod:of"]; N_39 -> N_43 [label="nmod:of"]; N_41 -> N_40 [label="case"]; N_41 -> N_42 [label="cc"]; N_41 -> N_43 [label="conj:and"]; }
Conditions
0
anxiety
10
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
Conditions that cause abdominal pain or chest pain can cause anxiety and may in some cases be a somatization of anxiety; the same is true for some sexual dysfunctions.
digraph { N_1 [label="Conditions/NNS-1"]; N_2 [label="that/WDT-2"]; N_3 [label="cause/VBP-3"]; N_4 [label="abdominal/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="pain/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="or/CC-6"]; N_7 [label="chest/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="pain/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="can/MD-9"]; N_10 [label="cause/VB-10"]; N_11 [label="anxiety/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="and/CC-12"]; N_13 [label="may/MD-13"]; N_14 [label="in/IN-14"]; N_15 [label="some/DT-15"]; N_16 [label="cases/NNS-16"]; N_17 [label="be/VB-17"]; N_18 [label="a/DT-18"]; N_19 [label="somatization/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="of/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="anxiety/NN-21"]; N_22 [label=";/:-22"]; N_23 [label="the/DT-23"]; N_24 [label="same/JJ-24"]; N_25 [label="is/VBZ-25"]; N_26 [label="true/JJ-26"]; N_27 [label="for/IN-27"]; N_28 [label="some/DT-28"]; N_29 [label="sexual/JJ-29"]; N_30 [label="dysfunctions/NNS-30"]; N_31 [label="./.-31"]; N_1 -> N_2 [label="ref"]; N_1 -> N_3 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="dobj"]; N_3 -> N_8 [label="dobj"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="cc"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="conj:or"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="compound"]; N_10 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="aux"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="dobj"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="cc"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_31 [label="punct"]; N_13 -> N_17 [label="dep"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="det"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="nmod:in"]; N_17 -> N_19 [label="nsubj"]; N_17 -> N_22 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_26 [label="parataxis"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_21 [label="nmod:of"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="det"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="nsubj"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="cop"]; N_26 -> N_30 [label="nmod:for"]; N_30 -> N_27 [label="case"]; N_30 -> N_28 [label="det"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="amod"]; }
drugs
1
anxiety
6
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
Several drugs can cause or worsen anxiety, whether in intoxication, withdrawal or from chronic use.
digraph { N_1 [label="Several/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="drugs/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="can/MD-3"]; N_4 [label="cause/VB-4"]; N_5 [label="or/CC-5"]; N_6 [label="worsen/VB-6"]; N_7 [label="anxiety/NN-7"]; N_8 [label=",/,-8"]; N_9 [label="whether/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="in/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="intoxication/NN-11"]; N_12 [label=",/,-12"]; N_13 [label="withdrawal/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="or/CC-14"]; N_15 [label="from/IN-15"]; N_16 [label="chronic/JJ-16"]; N_17 [label="use/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="./.-18"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_4 -> N_17 [label="ccomp"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_4 -> N_18 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="aux"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="cc"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="conj:or"]; N_4 -> N_7 [label="dobj"]; N_4 -> N_8 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_13 [label="ccomp"]; N_6 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_17 [label="conj:or"]; N_13 -> N_9 [label="mark"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="nmod:in"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="punct"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="cc"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_15 [label="case"]; }
thoughts
7
anxiety
12
[[cause]]/N -nsubj lead/VB +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Together, these findings suggest that anxious thoughts can lead to anticipatory anxiety as well stressful events, which in turn cause more anxiety.
digraph { N_1 [label="Together/RB-1"]; N_2 [label=",/,-2"]; N_3 [label="these/DT-3"]; N_4 [label="findings/NNS-4"]; N_5 [label="suggest/VBP-5"]; N_6 [label="that/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="anxious/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="thoughts/NNS-8"]; N_9 [label="can/MD-9"]; N_10 [label="lead/VB-10"]; N_11 [label="to/TO-11"]; N_12 [label="anticipatory/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="anxiety/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="as/RB-14"]; N_15 [label="well/RB-15"]; N_16 [label="stressful/JJ-16"]; N_17 [label="events/NNS-17"]; N_18 [label=",/,-18"]; N_19 [label="which/WDT-19"]; N_20 [label="in/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="turn/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="cause/VB-22"]; N_23 [label="more/JJR-23"]; N_24 [label="anxiety/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="./.-25"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="det"]; N_5 -> N_1 [label="advmod"]; N_5 -> N_2 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_10 [label="ccomp"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_6 [label="mark"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="aux"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="nmod:to"]; N_13 -> N_17 [label="nmod:as_well"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="mwe"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="amod"]; N_17 -> N_18 [label="punct"]; N_17 -> N_19 [label="ref"]; N_17 -> N_22 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_17 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_17 [label="nsubj"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="nmod:in"]; N_22 -> N_24 [label="dobj"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="amod"]; }
Anxiety
0
symptoms
6
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
Anxiety may cause psychiatric and physiological symptoms.
digraph { N_1 [label="Anxiety/NN-1"]; N_2 [label="may/MD-2"]; N_3 [label="cause/VB-3"]; N_4 [label="psychiatric/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="and/CC-5"]; N_6 [label="physiological/JJ-6"]; N_7 [label="symptoms/NNS-7"]; N_8 [label="./.-8"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="aux"]; N_3 -> N_7 [label="dobj"]; N_3 -> N_8 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_5 [label="cc"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="conj:and"]; N_7 -> N_4 [label="amod"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="amod"]; }
tumor
27
pains
18
[[cause]]/N -nmod:of result/NN +nsubj [[effect]]/N
"You may ... fear that the chest pains are a deadly heart attack or that the shooting pains in your head are the result of a tumor or an aneurysm.
digraph { N_1 [label="``/``-1"]; N_2 [label="You/PRP-2"]; N_3 [label="may/MD-3"]; N_4 [label=".../:-4"]; N_5 [label="fear/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="that/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="the/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="chest/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="pains/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label="are/VBP-10"]; N_11 [label="a/DT-11"]; N_12 [label="deadly/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="heart/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="attack/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="or/CC-15"]; N_16 [label="that/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="the/DT-17"]; N_18 [label="shooting/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="pains/NNS-19"]; N_20 [label="in/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="your/PRP$-21"]; N_22 [label="head/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="are/VBP-23"]; N_24 [label="the/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="result/NN-25"]; N_26 [label="of/IN-26"]; N_27 [label="a/DT-27"]; N_28 [label="tumor/NN-28"]; N_29 [label="or/CC-29"]; N_30 [label="an/DT-30"]; N_31 [label="aneurysm/NN-31"]; N_32 [label="./.-32"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_32 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_1 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="dep"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_25 [label="ccomp"]; N_5 -> N_14 [label="ccomp"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="compound"]; N_14 -> N_6 [label="mark"]; N_14 -> N_9 [label="nsubj"]; N_14 -> N_25 [label="conj:or"]; N_14 -> N_10 [label="cop"]; N_14 -> N_11 [label="det"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="compound"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="cc"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="nmod:in"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_25 -> N_16 [label="mark"]; N_25 -> N_19 [label="nsubj"]; N_25 -> N_23 [label="cop"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_25 -> N_28 [label="nmod:of"]; N_25 -> N_31 [label="nmod:of"]; N_28 -> N_26 [label="case"]; N_28 -> N_27 [label="det"]; N_28 -> N_29 [label="cc"]; N_28 -> N_31 [label="conj:or"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="det"]; }
disabilities
18
anxiety
23
[[cause]]/N -nsubj lead/VBP +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
Conditions that affect the face or the skin can cause social anxiety especially among adolescents, and developmental disabilities often lead to social anxiety for children as well.
digraph { N_1 [label="Conditions/NNS-1"]; N_2 [label="that/WDT-2"]; N_3 [label="affect/VBP-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="face/NN-5"]; N_6 [label="or/CC-6"]; N_7 [label="the/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="skin/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="can/MD-9"]; N_10 [label="cause/VB-10"]; N_11 [label="social/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="anxiety/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="especially/RB-13"]; N_14 [label="among/IN-14"]; N_15 [label="adolescents/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="and/CC-17"]; N_18 [label="developmental/JJ-18"]; N_19 [label="disabilities/NNS-19"]; N_20 [label="often/RB-20"]; N_21 [label="lead/VBP-21"]; N_22 [label="to/TO-22"]; N_23 [label="social/JJ-23"]; N_24 [label="anxiety/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="for/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="children/NNS-26"]; N_27 [label="as/RB-27"]; N_28 [label="well/RB-28"]; N_29 [label="./.-29"]; N_1 -> N_2 [label="ref"]; N_1 -> N_3 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="dobj"]; N_3 -> N_8 [label="dobj"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="cc"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="conj:or"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_17 [label="cc"]; N_10 -> N_21 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="aux"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_10 -> N_29 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_15 [label="nmod:among"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="advmod"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="case"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="amod"]; N_21 -> N_19 [label="nsubj"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="advmod"]; N_21 -> N_24 [label="nmod:to"]; N_21 -> N_27 [label="advmod"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="amod"]; N_24 -> N_26 [label="nmod:for"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_28 [label="mwe"]; }
problems
1
symptoms
7
[[cause]]/N -nsubj result/VB +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism, heart disease, caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use, and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others.
digraph { N_1 [label="Other/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="problems/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="that/WDT-3"]; N_4 [label="may/MD-4"]; N_5 [label="result/VB-5"]; N_6 [label="in/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="similar/JJ-7"]; N_8 [label="symptoms/NNS-8"]; N_9 [label="including/VBG-9"]; N_10 [label="hyperthyroidism/NN-10"]; N_11 [label=",/,-11"]; N_12 [label="heart/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="disease/NN-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="caffeine/NN-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="alcohol/NN-17"]; N_18 [label=",/,-18"]; N_19 [label="or/CC-19"]; N_20 [label="cannabis/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="use/NN-21"]; N_22 [label=",/,-22"]; N_23 [label="and/CC-23"]; N_24 [label="withdrawal/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="from/IN-25"]; N_26 [label="certain/JJ-26"]; N_27 [label="drugs/NNS-27"]; N_28 [label=",/,-28"]; N_29 [label="among/IN-29"]; N_30 [label="others/NNS-30"]; N_31 [label="./.-31"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_2 -> N_3 [label="ref"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_2 -> N_30 [label="nmod:among"]; N_2 -> N_31 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="aux"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="nmod:in"]; N_8 -> N_17 [label="nmod:including"]; N_8 -> N_21 [label="nmod:including"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="amod"]; N_8 -> N_24 [label="nmod:including"]; N_8 -> N_10 [label="nmod:including"]; N_8 -> N_13 [label="nmod:including"]; N_8 -> N_15 [label="nmod:including"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="conj:or"]; N_10 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_15 [label="conj:or"]; N_10 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_17 [label="conj:or"]; N_10 -> N_18 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_19 [label="cc"]; N_10 -> N_21 [label="conj:or"]; N_10 -> N_22 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_23 [label="cc"]; N_10 -> N_24 [label="conj:and"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="compound"]; N_24 -> N_27 [label="nmod:from"]; N_27 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="amod"]; N_30 -> N_28 [label="punct"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="case"]; }
BDNF
10
patterns
19
[[cause]]/N -nsubjpass associated/VBN +nmod:with [[effect]]/N
The epigenetic signature of at least one of these genes BDNF has also been associated with anxiety and specific patterns of neural activity.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="epigenetic/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="signature/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="of/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="at/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="least/JJS-6"]; N_7 [label="one/CD-7"]; N_8 [label="of/IN-8"]; N_9 [label="these/DT-9"]; N_10 [label="genes/NNS-10"]; N_11 [label="BDNF/NNP-11"]; N_12 [label="has/VBZ-12"]; N_13 [label="also/RB-13"]; N_14 [label="been/VBN-14"]; N_15 [label="associated/VBN-15"]; N_16 [label="with/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="anxiety/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="and/CC-18"]; N_19 [label="specific/JJ-19"]; N_20 [label="patterns/NNS-20"]; N_21 [label="of/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="neural/JJ-22"]; N_23 [label="activity/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="./.-24"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_7 [label="nmod:of"]; N_3 -> N_24 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="nmod:npmod"]; N_7 -> N_10 [label="nmod:of"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="case"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="det"]; N_10 -> N_15 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_15 -> N_17 [label="nmod:with"]; N_15 -> N_20 [label="nmod:with"]; N_15 -> N_11 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_15 -> N_12 [label="aux"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="advmod"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="auxpass"]; N_17 -> N_16 [label="case"]; N_17 -> N_18 [label="cc"]; N_17 -> N_20 [label="conj:and"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="amod"]; N_20 -> N_23 [label="nmod:of"]; N_23 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="amod"]; }
distortions
1
anxiety
23
[[cause]]/N -nsubj result/VB +nmod:in [[effect]]/N
Cognitive distortions such as overgeneralizing, catastrophizing, mind reading, emotional reasoning, binocular trick, and mental filter can result in anxiety.
digraph { N_1 [label="Cognitive/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="distortions/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="such/JJ-3"]; N_4 [label="as/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="overgeneralizing/VBG-5"]; N_6 [label=",/,-6"]; N_7 [label="catastrophizing/NN-7"]; N_8 [label=",/,-8"]; N_9 [label="mind/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="reading/NN-10"]; N_11 [label=",/,-11"]; N_12 [label="emotional/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="reasoning/NN-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="binocular/JJ-15"]; N_16 [label="trick/NN-16"]; N_17 [label=",/,-17"]; N_18 [label="and/CC-18"]; N_19 [label="mental/JJ-19"]; N_20 [label="filter/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="can/MD-21"]; N_22 [label="result/VB-22"]; N_23 [label="in/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="anxiety/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="./.-25"]; N_2 -> N_16 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_2 -> N_20 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_2 -> N_7 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_2 -> N_10 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_2 -> N_13 [label="nmod:such_as"]; N_3 -> N_4 [label="mwe"]; N_5 -> N_16 [label="conj:and"]; N_5 -> N_17 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_18 [label="cc"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_20 [label="conj:and"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="conj:and"]; N_5 -> N_8 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_10 [label="conj:and"]; N_5 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_5 -> N_13 [label="conj:and"]; N_5 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="compound"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="amod"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="amod"]; N_22 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="aux"]; N_22 -> N_24 [label="nmod:in"]; N_22 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="case"]; }
Apprehension
0
anxiety
8
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
Apprehension of being judged by others may cause anxiety in social environments.
digraph { N_1 [label="Apprehension/NN-1"]; N_2 [label="of/IN-2"]; N_3 [label="being/VBG-3"]; N_4 [label="judged/VBN-4"]; N_5 [label="by/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="others/NNS-6"]; N_7 [label="may/MD-7"]; N_8 [label="cause/VB-8"]; N_9 [label="anxiety/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="in/IN-10"]; N_11 [label="social/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="environments/NNS-12"]; N_13 [label="./.-13"]; N_1 -> N_4 [label="acl:of"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="mark"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="auxpass"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="nmod:agent"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_1 [label="nsubj"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="aux"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="dobj"]; N_8 -> N_12 [label="nmod:in"]; N_8 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_10 [label="case"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; }
uncertainty
7
responses
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj trigger/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
In a decision context, unpredictability or uncertainty may trigger emotional responses in anxious individuals that systematically alter decision-making.
digraph { N_1 [label="In/IN-1"]; N_2 [label="a/DT-2"]; N_3 [label="decision/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="context/NN-4"]; N_5 [label=",/,-5"]; N_6 [label="unpredictability/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="or/CC-7"]; N_8 [label="uncertainty/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="may/MD-9"]; N_10 [label="trigger/VB-10"]; N_11 [label="emotional/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="responses/NNS-12"]; N_13 [label="in/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="anxious/JJ-14"]; N_15 [label="individuals/NNS-15"]; N_16 [label="that/WDT-16"]; N_17 [label="systematically/RB-17"]; N_18 [label="alter/VBP-18"]; N_19 [label="decision-making/NN-19"]; N_20 [label="./.-20"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="case"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="compound"]; N_6 -> N_7 [label="cc"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="conj:or"]; N_10 -> N_4 [label="nmod:in"]; N_10 -> N_20 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_5 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_6 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_8 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="aux"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_12 -> N_15 [label="nmod:in"]; N_15 -> N_16 [label="ref"]; N_15 -> N_18 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="case"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="amod"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="advmod"]; N_18 -> N_19 [label="dobj"]; N_18 -> N_15 [label="nsubj"]; }
combination
7
disorders
4
[[cause]]/N +nsubj cause/NN +nmod:of [[effect]]/N
The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="cause/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="of/IN-3"]; N_4 [label="anxiety/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="disorders/NNS-5"]; N_6 [label="is/VBZ-6"]; N_7 [label="a/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="combination/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="of/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="genetic/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="and/CC-11"]; N_12 [label="environmental/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="factors/NNS-13"]; N_14 [label="./.-14"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="nmod:of"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="compound"]; N_8 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="cop"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_13 [label="nmod:of"]; N_8 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="cc"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="conj:and"]; N_13 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; }
stimuli
26
onset
30
[[cause]]/N -nsubj trigger/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
Genetics and family history (e.g., parental anxiety) may predispose an individual for an increased risk of an anxiety disorder, but generally external stimuli will trigger its onset or exacerbation.
digraph { N_1 [label="Genetics/NNP-1"]; N_2 [label="and/CC-2"]; N_3 [label="family/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="history/NN-4"]; N_5 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--5"]; N_6 [label="e.g./FW-6"]; N_7 [label=",/,-7"]; N_8 [label="parental/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="anxiety/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--10"]; N_11 [label="may/MD-11"]; N_12 [label="predispose/VB-12"]; N_13 [label="an/DT-13"]; N_14 [label="individual/NN-14"]; N_15 [label="for/IN-15"]; N_16 [label="an/DT-16"]; N_17 [label="increased/VBN-17"]; N_18 [label="risk/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="of/IN-19"]; N_20 [label="an/DT-20"]; N_21 [label="anxiety/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="disorder/NN-22"]; N_23 [label=",/,-23"]; N_24 [label="but/CC-24"]; N_25 [label="generally/RB-25"]; N_26 [label="external/JJ-26"]; N_27 [label="stimuli/NNS-27"]; N_28 [label="will/MD-28"]; N_29 [label="trigger/VB-29"]; N_30 [label="its/PRP$-30"]; N_31 [label="onset/NN-31"]; N_32 [label="or/CC-32"]; N_33 [label="exacerbation/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="./.-34"]; N_1 -> N_2 [label="cc"]; N_1 -> N_3 [label="conj:and"]; N_4 -> N_1 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="compound"]; N_4 -> N_9 [label="appos"]; N_9 -> N_5 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_6 [label="dep"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_4 [label="nsubj"]; N_12 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_12 -> N_24 [label="cc"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="aux"]; N_12 -> N_29 [label="conj:but"]; N_12 -> N_14 [label="dobj"]; N_14 -> N_18 [label="nmod:for"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="det"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="det"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="amod"]; N_18 -> N_22 [label="nmod:of"]; N_18 -> N_15 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_19 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="compound"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="advmod"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="amod"]; N_29 -> N_33 [label="dobj"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="nsubj"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="aux"]; N_29 -> N_31 [label="dobj"]; N_31 -> N_32 [label="cc"]; N_31 -> N_33 [label="conj:or"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="nmod:poss"]; }
conditions
2
anxiety
5
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
Many medical conditions can cause anxiety.
digraph { N_1 [label="Many/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="medical/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="conditions/NNS-3"]; N_4 [label="can/MD-4"]; N_5 [label="cause/VB-5"]; N_6 [label="anxiety/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="./.-7"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="aux"]; N_5 -> N_6 [label="dobj"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="punct"]; }
exposure
1
anxiety
11
[[cause]]/N -nsubj cause/VB +dobj [[effect]]/N
Acute exposure to toxic levels of benzene may cause euphoria, anxiety, and irritability lasting up to 2 weeks after the exposure.
digraph { N_1 [label="Acute/JJ-1"]; N_2 [label="exposure/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="to/TO-3"]; N_4 [label="toxic/JJ-4"]; N_5 [label="levels/NNS-5"]; N_6 [label="of/IN-6"]; N_7 [label="benzene/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="may/MD-8"]; N_9 [label="cause/VB-9"]; N_10 [label="euphoria/NN-10"]; N_11 [label=",/,-11"]; N_12 [label="anxiety/NN-12"]; N_13 [label=",/,-13"]; N_14 [label="and/CC-14"]; N_15 [label="irritability/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="lasting/VBG-16"]; N_17 [label="up/RP-17"]; N_18 [label="to/TO-18"]; N_19 [label="2/CD-19"]; N_20 [label="weeks/NNS-20"]; N_21 [label="after/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="the/DT-22"]; N_23 [label="exposure/NN-23"]; N_24 [label="./.-24"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="nmod:to"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="case"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="amod"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="nmod:of"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="aux"]; N_9 -> N_24 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="dobj"]; N_9 -> N_12 [label="dobj"]; N_9 -> N_15 [label="dobj"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_13 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_14 [label="cc"]; N_10 -> N_15 [label="conj:and"]; N_15 -> N_16 [label="acl"]; N_16 -> N_20 [label="nmod:after"]; N_17 -> N_18 [label="mwe"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="dep"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="nummod"]; N_20 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_20 -> N_23 [label="dep"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="det"]; }
Kane
4
issue
10
[[cause]]/N -nsubj produced/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
Archie Goodwin and Gil Kane produced the title's 150th issue (Nov. 1975) before Len Wein became writer with issue #151.
digraph { N_1 [label="Archie/NNP-1"]; N_2 [label="Goodwin/NNP-2"]; N_3 [label="and/CC-3"]; N_4 [label="Gil/NNP-4"]; N_5 [label="Kane/NNP-5"]; N_6 [label="produced/VBD-6"]; N_7 [label="the/DT-7"]; N_8 [label="title/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="'s/POS-9"]; N_10 [label="150th/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="issue/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--12"]; N_13 [label="Nov./NNP-13"]; N_14 [label="1975/CD-14"]; N_15 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--15"]; N_16 [label="before/IN-16"]; N_17 [label="Len/NNP-17"]; N_18 [label="Wein/NNP-18"]; N_19 [label="became/VBD-19"]; N_20 [label="writer/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="with/IN-21"]; N_22 [label="issue/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="#/#-23"]; N_24 [label="151/CD-24"]; N_25 [label="./.-25"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="compound"]; N_2 -> N_3 [label="cc"]; N_2 -> N_5 [label="conj:and"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="compound"]; N_6 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_6 -> N_19 [label="advcl:before"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="nsubj"]; N_6 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_6 -> N_11 [label="dobj"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="det"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_8 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="appos"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="punct"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="nummod"]; N_13 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="compound"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="mark"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="nsubj"]; N_19 -> N_20 [label="xcomp"]; N_20 -> N_22 [label="nmod:with"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_24 [label="nummod"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="dep"]; }
pair
17
issues
20
[[cause]]/N -nsubj produced/VBD +dobj [[effect]]/N
The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist and co-plotter Steve Ditko, and the pair produced 38 issues from March 1963 to July 1966.
digraph { N_1 [label="The/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="character/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="was/VBD-3"]; N_4 [label="created/VBN-4"]; N_5 [label="by/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="writer-editor/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="Stan/NNP-7"]; N_8 [label="Lee/NNP-8"]; N_9 [label="and/CC-9"]; N_10 [label="artist/NN-10"]; N_11 [label="and/CC-11"]; N_12 [label="co-plotter/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="Steve/NNP-13"]; N_14 [label="Ditko/NNP-14"]; N_15 [label=",/,-15"]; N_16 [label="and/CC-16"]; N_17 [label="the/DT-17"]; N_18 [label="pair/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="produced/VBD-19"]; N_20 [label="38/CD-20"]; N_21 [label="issues/NNS-21"]; N_22 [label="from/IN-22"]; N_23 [label="March/NNP-23"]; N_24 [label="1963/CD-24"]; N_25 [label="to/TO-25"]; N_26 [label="July/NNP-26"]; N_27 [label="1966/CD-27"]; N_28 [label="./.-28"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_4 -> N_16 [label="cc"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="auxpass"]; N_4 -> N_19 [label="conj:and"]; N_4 -> N_8 [label="nmod:agent"]; N_4 -> N_28 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_14 [label="nmod:agent"]; N_4 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_8 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_8 -> N_6 [label="compound"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="compound"]; N_8 -> N_9 [label="cc"]; N_8 -> N_14 [label="conj:and"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="cc"]; N_10 -> N_12 [label="conj:and"]; N_14 -> N_10 [label="compound"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="nsubj"]; N_19 -> N_21 [label="dobj"]; N_19 -> N_23 [label="nmod:from"]; N_21 -> N_20 [label="nummod"]; N_23 -> N_22 [label="case"]; N_23 -> N_24 [label="nummod"]; N_23 -> N_26 [label="nmod:to"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_27 [label="nummod"]; }
vaccination
10
ADEM
7
[[cause]]/N -nmod:from risk/NN +nmod:of [[effect]]/N
An upper bound for the risk of ADEM from measles vaccination, if it exists, can be estimated to be 10 per million, which is far lower than the risk of developing ADEM from an actual measles infection, which is about 1 per 1,000 cases.
digraph { N_1 [label="An/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="upper/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="bound/VBN-3"]; N_4 [label="for/IN-4"]; N_5 [label="the/DT-5"]; N_6 [label="risk/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="of/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="ADEM/NNP-8"]; N_9 [label="from/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="measles/NNS-10"]; N_11 [label="vaccination/NN-11"]; N_12 [label=",/,-12"]; N_13 [label="if/IN-13"]; N_14 [label="it/PRP-14"]; N_15 [label="exists/VBZ-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="can/MD-17"]; N_18 [label="be/VB-18"]; N_19 [label="estimated/VBN-19"]; N_20 [label="to/TO-20"]; N_21 [label="be/VB-21"]; N_22 [label="10/CD-22"]; N_23 [label="per/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="million/CD-24"]; N_25 [label=",/,-25"]; N_26 [label="which/WDT-26"]; N_27 [label="is/VBZ-27"]; N_28 [label="far/RB-28"]; N_29 [label="lower/JJR-29"]; N_30 [label="than/IN-30"]; N_31 [label="the/DT-31"]; N_32 [label="risk/NN-32"]; N_33 [label="of/IN-33"]; N_34 [label="developing/VBG-34"]; N_35 [label="ADEM/NNP-35"]; N_36 [label="from/IN-36"]; N_37 [label="an/DT-37"]; N_38 [label="actual/JJ-38"]; N_39 [label="measles/NNS-39"]; N_40 [label="infection/NN-40"]; N_41 [label=",/,-41"]; N_42 [label="which/WDT-42"]; N_43 [label="is/VBZ-43"]; N_44 [label="about/IN-44"]; N_45 [label="1/CD-45"]; N_46 [label="per/IN-46"]; N_47 [label="1,000/CD-47"]; N_48 [label="cases/NNS-48"]; N_49 [label="./.-49"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_2 -> N_3 [label="acl"]; N_2 -> N_12 [label="punct"]; N_3 -> N_6 [label="nmod:for"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_8 [label="nmod:of"]; N_6 -> N_11 [label="nmod:from"]; N_8 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="compound"]; N_15 -> N_13 [label="mark"]; N_15 -> N_14 [label="nsubj"]; N_19 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_19 -> N_17 [label="aux"]; N_19 -> N_49 [label="punct"]; N_19 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="auxpass"]; N_19 -> N_22 [label="xcomp"]; N_19 -> N_15 [label="advcl:if"]; N_22 -> N_2 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="mark"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="cop"]; N_22 -> N_24 [label="nmod:per"]; N_22 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_22 -> N_26 [label="ref"]; N_22 -> N_29 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_32 [label="nmod:than"]; N_29 -> N_22 [label="nsubj"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="cop"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="advmod"]; N_32 -> N_34 [label="acl:of"]; N_32 -> N_30 [label="case"]; N_32 -> N_31 [label="det"]; N_34 -> N_33 [label="mark"]; N_34 -> N_35 [label="dobj"]; N_34 -> N_40 [label="nmod:from"]; N_40 -> N_36 [label="case"]; N_40 -> N_37 [label="det"]; N_40 -> N_38 [label="amod"]; N_40 -> N_39 [label="compound"]; N_40 -> N_41 [label="punct"]; N_40 -> N_42 [label="appos"]; N_42 -> N_43 [label="dep"]; N_43 -> N_44 [label="dep"]; N_44 -> N_45 [label="dep"]; N_45 -> N_48 [label="nmod:per"]; N_48 -> N_46 [label="case"]; N_48 -> N_47 [label="nummod"]; }
disease
1
colitis
8
[[cause]]/N -nsubjpass associated/VBN +nmod:with [[effect]]/N
This disease has been occasionally associated with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, malaria, septicemia associated with immune complex deposition, methanol poisoning, and other underlying conditions.
digraph { N_1 [label="This/DT-1"]; N_2 [label="disease/NN-2"]; N_3 [label="has/VBZ-3"]; N_4 [label="been/VBN-4"]; N_5 [label="occasionally/RB-5"]; N_6 [label="associated/VBN-6"]; N_7 [label="with/IN-7"]; N_8 [label="ulcerative/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="colitis/NN-9"]; N_10 [label="and/CC-10"]; N_11 [label="Crohn/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="'s/POS-12"]; N_13 [label="disease/NN-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="malaria/NN-15"]; N_16 [label=",/,-16"]; N_17 [label="septicemia/NN-17"]; N_18 [label="associated/VBN-18"]; N_19 [label="with/IN-19"]; N_20 [label="immune/JJ-20"]; N_21 [label="complex/NN-21"]; N_22 [label="deposition/NN-22"]; N_23 [label=",/,-23"]; N_24 [label="methanol/NN-24"]; N_25 [label="poisoning/NN-25"]; N_26 [label=",/,-26"]; N_27 [label="and/CC-27"]; N_28 [label="other/JJ-28"]; N_29 [label="underlying/JJ-29"]; N_30 [label="conditions/NNS-30"]; N_31 [label="./.-31"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="det"]; N_6 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_6 -> N_3 [label="aux"]; N_6 -> N_4 [label="auxpass"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="advmod"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:with"]; N_6 -> N_13 [label="nmod:with"]; N_6 -> N_31 [label="punct"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_9 -> N_10 [label="cc"]; N_9 -> N_13 [label="conj:and"]; N_11 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_13 -> N_17 [label="appos"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_13 -> N_15 [label="conj"]; N_17 -> N_18 [label="acl"]; N_18 -> N_22 [label="nmod:with"]; N_18 -> N_25 [label="nmod:with"]; N_18 -> N_30 [label="nmod:with"]; N_22 -> N_19 [label="case"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="compound"]; N_22 -> N_23 [label="punct"]; N_22 -> N_25 [label="conj:and"]; N_22 -> N_26 [label="punct"]; N_22 -> N_27 [label="cc"]; N_22 -> N_30 [label="conj:and"]; N_25 -> N_24 [label="compound"]; N_30 -> N_28 [label="amod"]; N_30 -> N_29 [label="amod"]; }
outcomes
1
unresponsiveness
5
[[cause]]/N -nsubjpass associated/VBN +nmod:with [[effect]]/N
Poorer outcomes are associated with unresponsiveness to steroid therapy, unusually severe neurological symptoms, or sudden onset.
digraph { N_1 [label="Poorer/JJR-1"]; N_2 [label="outcomes/NNS-2"]; N_3 [label="are/VBP-3"]; N_4 [label="associated/VBN-4"]; N_5 [label="with/IN-5"]; N_6 [label="unresponsiveness/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="to/TO-7"]; N_8 [label="steroid/NN-8"]; N_9 [label="therapy/NN-9"]; N_10 [label=",/,-10"]; N_11 [label="unusually/RB-11"]; N_12 [label="severe/JJ-12"]; N_13 [label="neurological/JJ-13"]; N_14 [label="symptoms/NNS-14"]; N_15 [label=",/,-15"]; N_16 [label="or/CC-16"]; N_17 [label="sudden/JJ-17"]; N_18 [label="onset/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="./.-19"]; N_2 -> N_1 [label="amod"]; N_4 -> N_2 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_4 -> N_18 [label="dobj"]; N_4 -> N_3 [label="auxpass"]; N_4 -> N_19 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_6 [label="nmod:with"]; N_4 -> N_10 [label="punct"]; N_4 -> N_14 [label="dobj"]; N_6 -> N_5 [label="case"]; N_6 -> N_9 [label="nmod:to"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="case"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="compound"]; N_12 -> N_11 [label="advmod"]; N_14 -> N_16 [label="cc"]; N_14 -> N_18 [label="conj:or"]; N_14 -> N_12 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_13 [label="amod"]; N_14 -> N_15 [label="punct"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="amod"]; }
takings
25
divide
19
[[cause]]/N -nmod:agent caused/VBN +nsubjpass [[effect]]/N
One modern approach which attempts to overcome the seemingly impossible divide between deontology and utilitarianism (of which the divide is caused by the opposite takings of an absolute and relativist moral view) is case-based reasoning, also known as casuistry.
digraph { N_1 [label="One/CD-1"]; N_2 [label="modern/JJ-2"]; N_3 [label="approach/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="which/WDT-4"]; N_5 [label="attempts/VBZ-5"]; N_6 [label="to/TO-6"]; N_7 [label="overcome/VB-7"]; N_8 [label="the/DT-8"]; N_9 [label="seemingly/RB-9"]; N_10 [label="impossible/JJ-10"]; N_11 [label="divide/NN-11"]; N_12 [label="between/IN-12"]; N_13 [label="deontology/NN-13"]; N_14 [label="and/CC-14"]; N_15 [label="utilitarianism/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="-LRB-/-LRB--16"]; N_17 [label="of/IN-17"]; N_18 [label="which/WDT-18"]; N_19 [label="the/DT-19"]; N_20 [label="divide/NN-20"]; N_21 [label="is/VBZ-21"]; N_22 [label="caused/VBN-22"]; N_23 [label="by/IN-23"]; N_24 [label="the/DT-24"]; N_25 [label="opposite/JJ-25"]; N_26 [label="takings/NNS-26"]; N_27 [label="of/IN-27"]; N_28 [label="an/DT-28"]; N_29 [label="absolute/JJ-29"]; N_30 [label="and/CC-30"]; N_31 [label="relativist/JJ-31"]; N_32 [label="moral/JJ-32"]; N_33 [label="view/NN-33"]; N_34 [label="-RRB-/-RRB--34"]; N_35 [label="is/VBZ-35"]; N_36 [label="case-based/JJ-36"]; N_37 [label="reasoning/NN-37"]; N_38 [label=",/,-38"]; N_39 [label="also/RB-39"]; N_40 [label="known/VBN-40"]; N_41 [label="as/IN-41"]; N_42 [label="casuistry/NN-42"]; N_43 [label="./.-43"]; N_3 -> N_1 [label="nummod"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="amod"]; N_3 -> N_4 [label="ref"]; N_3 -> N_5 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_7 [label="xcomp"]; N_7 -> N_3 [label="nsubj:xsubj"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="mark"]; N_7 -> N_11 [label="dobj"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="advmod"]; N_11 -> N_8 [label="det"]; N_11 -> N_10 [label="amod"]; N_11 -> N_13 [label="nmod:between"]; N_11 -> N_15 [label="nmod:between"]; N_13 -> N_16 [label="punct"]; N_13 -> N_18 [label="ref"]; N_13 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_13 -> N_22 [label="acl:relcl"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_14 [label="cc"]; N_13 -> N_15 [label="conj:and"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="case"]; N_20 -> N_19 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_20 [label="nsubjpass"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="auxpass"]; N_22 -> N_26 [label="nmod:agent"]; N_22 -> N_13 [label="nmod:of"]; N_22 -> N_15 [label="nmod:of"]; N_26 -> N_33 [label="nmod:of"]; N_26 -> N_23 [label="case"]; N_26 -> N_24 [label="det"]; N_26 -> N_25 [label="amod"]; N_29 -> N_30 [label="cc"]; N_29 -> N_31 [label="conj:and"]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="amod"]; N_33 -> N_27 [label="case"]; N_33 -> N_28 [label="det"]; N_33 -> N_29 [label="amod"]; N_33 -> N_31 [label="amod"]; N_37 -> N_3 [label="nsubj"]; N_37 -> N_35 [label="cop"]; N_37 -> N_36 [label="amod"]; N_37 -> N_38 [label="punct"]; N_37 -> N_40 [label="acl"]; N_37 -> N_43 [label="punct"]; N_40 -> N_39 [label="advmod"]; N_40 -> N_42 [label="nmod:as"]; N_42 -> N_41 [label="case"]; }
talents
8
friendship
17
[[cause]]/N -nsubj led/VBD +nmod:to [[effect]]/N
When she was a teenager, her mathematical talents led her to a long working relationship and friendship with fellow British mathematician Charles Babbage, also known as "the father of computers", and in particular, Babbage's work on the Analytical Engine.
digraph { N_1 [label="When/WRB-1"]; N_2 [label="she/PRP-2"]; N_3 [label="was/VBD-3"]; N_4 [label="a/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="teenager/NN-5"]; N_6 [label=",/,-6"]; N_7 [label="her/PRP$-7"]; N_8 [label="mathematical/JJ-8"]; N_9 [label="talents/NNS-9"]; N_10 [label="led/VBD-10"]; N_11 [label="her/PRP-11"]; N_12 [label="to/TO-12"]; N_13 [label="a/DT-13"]; N_14 [label="long/JJ-14"]; N_15 [label="working/NN-15"]; N_16 [label="relationship/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="and/CC-17"]; N_18 [label="friendship/NN-18"]; N_19 [label="with/IN-19"]; N_20 [label="fellow/JJ-20"]; N_21 [label="British/JJ-21"]; N_22 [label="mathematician/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="Charles/NNP-23"]; N_24 [label="Babbage/NNP-24"]; N_25 [label=",/,-25"]; N_26 [label="also/RB-26"]; N_27 [label="known/VBN-27"]; N_28 [label="as/IN-28"]; N_29 [label="``/``-29"]; N_30 [label="the/DT-30"]; N_31 [label="father/NN-31"]; N_32 [label="of/IN-32"]; N_33 [label="computers/NNS-33"]; N_34 [label="''/''-34"]; N_35 [label=",/,-35"]; N_36 [label="and/CC-36"]; N_37 [label="in/IN-37"]; N_38 [label="particular/JJ-38"]; N_39 [label=",/,-39"]; N_40 [label="Babbage/NNP-40"]; N_41 [label="'s/POS-41"]; N_42 [label="work/NN-42"]; N_43 [label="on/IN-43"]; N_44 [label="the/DT-44"]; N_45 [label="Analytical/NNP-45"]; N_46 [label="Engine/NNP-46"]; N_47 [label="./.-47"]; N_5 -> N_1 [label="advmod"]; N_5 -> N_2 [label="nsubj"]; N_5 -> N_3 [label="cop"]; N_5 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_9 -> N_7 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_9 -> N_8 [label="amod"]; N_10 -> N_16 [label="nmod:to"]; N_10 -> N_18 [label="nmod:to"]; N_10 -> N_5 [label="advcl"]; N_10 -> N_6 [label="punct"]; N_10 -> N_38 [label="nmod:to"]; N_10 -> N_9 [label="nsubj"]; N_10 -> N_11 [label="dobj"]; N_16 -> N_17 [label="cc"]; N_16 -> N_18 [label="conj:and"]; N_16 -> N_35 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_36 [label="cc"]; N_16 -> N_38 [label="conj:and"]; N_16 -> N_25 [label="punct"]; N_16 -> N_27 [label="acl"]; N_16 -> N_12 [label="case"]; N_16 -> N_13 [label="det"]; N_16 -> N_14 [label="amod"]; N_16 -> N_15 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_24 [label="nmod:with"]; N_24 -> N_19 [label="case"]; N_24 -> N_20 [label="amod"]; N_24 -> N_21 [label="amod"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="compound"]; N_24 -> N_23 [label="compound"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="advmod"]; N_27 -> N_31 [label="nmod:as"]; N_31 -> N_33 [label="nmod:of"]; N_31 -> N_34 [label="punct"]; N_31 -> N_28 [label="case"]; N_31 -> N_29 [label="punct"]; N_31 -> N_30 [label="det"]; N_33 -> N_32 [label="case"]; N_38 -> N_37 [label="case"]; N_38 -> N_39 [label="punct"]; N_39 -> N_42 [label="root"]; N_40 -> N_41 [label="case"]; N_42 -> N_40 [label="nmod:poss"]; N_42 -> N_46 [label="nmod:on"]; N_42 -> N_47 [label="punct"]; N_46 -> N_43 [label="case"]; N_46 -> N_44 [label="det"]; N_46 -> N_45 [label="compound"]; }
projects
12
rate
6
[[cause]]/N -nmod:with associated/VBN -acl [[effect]]/N
Taking into account the high mortality rate associated with the underground construction projects, the historian Marc Buggeln estimates that the workforce involved amounted to 80,000−90,000 inmates.
digraph { N_1 [label="Taking/VBG-1"]; N_2 [label="into/IN-2"]; N_3 [label="account/NN-3"]; N_4 [label="the/DT-4"]; N_5 [label="high/JJ-5"]; N_6 [label="mortality/NN-6"]; N_7 [label="rate/NN-7"]; N_8 [label="associated/VBN-8"]; N_9 [label="with/IN-9"]; N_10 [label="the/DT-10"]; N_11 [label="underground/JJ-11"]; N_12 [label="construction/NN-12"]; N_13 [label="projects/NNS-13"]; N_14 [label=",/,-14"]; N_15 [label="the/DT-15"]; N_16 [label="historian/NN-16"]; N_17 [label="Marc/NNP-17"]; N_18 [label="Buggeln/NNP-18"]; N_19 [label="estimates/VBZ-19"]; N_20 [label="that/IN-20"]; N_21 [label="the/DT-21"]; N_22 [label="workforce/NN-22"]; N_23 [label="involved/VBN-23"]; N_24 [label="amounted/VBD-24"]; N_25 [label="to/TO-25"]; N_26 [label="80,000/CD-26"]; N_27 [label="−/CD-27"]; N_28 [label="90,000/CD-28"]; N_29 [label="inmates/NNS-29"]; N_30 [label="./.-30"]; N_1 -> N_3 [label="nmod:into"]; N_1 -> N_7 [label="dobj"]; N_3 -> N_2 [label="case"]; N_7 -> N_4 [label="det"]; N_7 -> N_5 [label="amod"]; N_7 -> N_6 [label="compound"]; N_7 -> N_8 [label="acl"]; N_8 -> N_13 [label="nmod:with"]; N_13 -> N_9 [label="case"]; N_13 -> N_10 [label="det"]; N_13 -> N_11 [label="amod"]; N_13 -> N_12 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_16 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_17 [label="compound"]; N_18 -> N_15 [label="det"]; N_19 -> N_1 [label="advcl"]; N_19 -> N_18 [label="nsubj"]; N_19 -> N_24 [label="ccomp"]; N_19 -> N_14 [label="punct"]; N_19 -> N_30 [label="punct"]; N_22 -> N_21 [label="det"]; N_22 -> N_23 [label="acl"]; N_24 -> N_20 [label="mark"]; N_24 -> N_22 [label="nsubj"]; N_24 -> N_29 [label="nmod:to"]; N_27 -> N_26 [label="compound"]; N_29 -> N_25 [label="case"]; N_29 -> N_27 [label="nummod"]; N_29 -> N_28 [label="nummod"]; }