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[ "Reviews of 19th and 20th century Indochinese literature have found that pho entered the mainstream sometime in the 1910s.", "Georges Dumoutier's extensive 1907 account of Vietnamese cuisine omits any mention of pho, while Nguyễn Công Hoan recalls its sale by street vendors in 1913.", "A 1931 dictionary is the first to define ' as a soup: \"from the word '.", "A dish consisting of small slices of rice cake boiled with beef.", "\"Possibly the earliest English-language reference to pho was in the book \"Recipes of All Nations\", edited by Countess Morphy in 1935: In the book, pho is described as \"an Annamese soup held in high esteem ... made with beef, a veal bone, onions, a bayleaf, salt, and pepper, and a small teaspoon of \"nuoc-mam\"\".", "\"There are two prevailing theories on the origin of the word \"\" and, by extension, the dish itself.", "As author Nguyễn Dư notes, both questions are significant to Vietnamese identity." ]

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[ "McG signed on to direct as the first two films were among his favorites, and he had even cast Robert Patrick (who played the T-1000) in his films.", "Though he was initially unsure about \"flogging a dead horse,\" he felt the post-apocalyptic setting allowed the film to be different enough so as not to be just an inferior sequel.", "The idea that events in ' and ' altered the future also allowed them to be flexible with their presentation of the futuristic world.", "McG met with the series' co-creator James Cameron, and, although he neither blessed nor denigrated the project, Cameron told the new director he had faced a similar challenge when following Ridley Scott's \"Alien\" with \"Aliens\".", "He maintained two elements of the previous films; that John is an outsider to the authorities, and someone of future importance is being protected, and in this film it is Kyle Reese.", "The first full screenplay for the film was written by \"\" writers John Brancato and Michael Ferris, who received full screenplay credit.", "Paul Haggis rewrote Brancato and Ferris's script, and Shawn Ryan made another revision three weeks before filming.", "Jonathan Nolan also wrote on set, which led to McG characterizing his work on the script as the most important; he chose to contribute to the film after Bale signed on and created Connor's arc of becoming a leader.", "Anthony E. Zuiker contributed to the script as well.", "So extensive were the rewrites that Alan Dean Foster decided to rewrite the entire novelization after submitting it to his publisher, because the compiled shooting script was very different from the one he was given beforehand.", "In the early script drafts, John was a secondary character.", "Producer James Middleton explained \"\"\" was influenced by Jesus Christ, but it was his story.", "Much in that way, this main character will be influenced by John Connor.\"", "The original ending was to have John killed, and his image kept alive by the resistance by grafting his skin onto Marcus' cybernetic body.", "However, after the ending was leaked on the Internet, Warner Bros. decided to completely change the entire third act of the film.", "McG and Nolan did continue the Christ element of John's character though, in which he has some followers who believe what he knows about Skynet, and others who do not.", "McG described the film's theme as \"where you draw the line between machines and humans\".", "The friendship between Marcus — who was executed (for murder) when humanity still ruled the world — and Kyle Reese illustrates how war and suffering can bring out the best in people, such as when they worked together to survive during the Blitz.", "The title was derived from this second chance given to humanity and to Marcus, in addition to John's efforts to save humanity from the machines.", "The film's original title was \"Terminator Salvation: The Future Begins\", but this was dropped during filming.", "Throughout writing, the cast and crew would watch scenes from the three films to pick moments to reference or tribute, including \"Come with me if you want to live\" and \"I'll be back\", which is uttered by John in this film.", "McG found himself having to decide which ideas for references would be included and which would not.", "An opening scene has John fighting a Terminator on a crashed helicopter, which was storyboarded as a homage to the climax of the original film, where his mother Sarah, having broken her leg, is chased by a crippled Terminator.", "McG did this to reflect the skills John learned from her." ]

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[ "Starry Night () is a painting by the Dutch post-impressionist artist Vincent van Gogh.", "Painted in June 1889, it depicts the view outside of his sanitarium room window at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (located in southern France) at night, although it was painted from memory during the day.", "It has been in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, part of the Lillie P. Bliss Bequest, since 1941.", "The painting is among Van Gogh's most well-known works and marks a decisive turn towards greater imaginative freedom in his art." ]

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[ "Criticisms about the evidence used to justify the war notwithstanding, many opponents of military intervention objected, saying that a diplomatic solution would be preferable, and that war should be reserved as a truly last resort.", "This position was exemplified by French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin, who responded to U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell's 5 February 2003 presentation to the U.N Security Council by saying that: \"Given the choice between military intervention and an inspections regime that is inadequate because of a failure to cooperate on Iraq's part, we must choose the decisive reinforcement of the means of inspections.", "\"In response to Donald Rumsfeld's reference to European countries that did not support the invasion of Iraq as 'Old Europe', Dominique de Villepin ended his speech with words that would later come to embody the French-German political, economic, and military alliance throughout the beginning of the 21st Century: \"This message comes to you today from an old country, France, from a continent like mine, Europe, that has known wars, occupation and barbarity.", "(…) Faithful to its values, it wishes resolutely to act with all the members of the international community.", "It believes in our ability to build together a better world.", "\"The direct opposition between diplomatic solution and military intervention involving France and the United States which was personified by Chirac versus Bush and later Powell versus de Villepin, became a milestone in the Franco-American relations.", "Anti-French propangada exploiting the classic Francophobic clichés immediately ensued in the United States and the United Kingdom.", "A call for a boycott on French wine was launched in the United States and the \"New York Post\" covered on the 1944 \"Sacrifice\" of the GIs France would had forgotten.", "It was followed a week later, on 20 February, by the British newspaper \"The Sun\" publishing a special issue entitled \"Chirac is a worm\" and including \"ad hominem\" attacks such as \"Jacques Chirac has become the shame of Europe\".", "Actually both newspapers expressed the opinion of their owner, U.S. billionaire Rupert Murdoch, a military intervention supporter and a George W. Bush partisan as argued by Roy Greenslade in \"The Guardian\" published on 17 February." ]

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[ "The name \"telescope\" covers a wide range of instruments.", "Most detect electromagnetic radiation, but there are major differences in how astronomers must go about collecting light (electromagnetic radiation) in different frequency bands.", "Telescopes may be classified by the wavelengths of light they detect:", " X-ray telescopes, using shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet light", " Ultraviolet telescopes, using shorter wavelengths than visible light", " Optical telescopes, using visible light", " Infrared telescopes, using longer wavelengths than visible light", " Submillimetre telescopes, using longer wavelengths than infrared light", "As wavelengths become longer, it becomes easier to use antenna technology to interact with electromagnetic radiation (although it is possible to make very tiny antenna).", "The near-infrared can be handled much like visible light, however in the far-infrared and submillimetre range, telescopes can operate more like a radio telescope.", "For example the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope observes from wavelengths from 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 2000 μm (2 mm), but uses a parabolic aluminum antenna.", "On the other hand, the Spitzer Space Telescope, observing from about 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 180 μm (0.18 mm) uses a mirror (reflecting optics).", "Also using reflecting optics, the Hubble Space Telescope with Wide Field Camera 3 can observe from about 0.2 μm (0.0002 mm) to 1.7 μm (0.0017 mm) (from ultra-violet to infrared light).", " Fresnel Imager, an optical lens technology", " X-ray optics, optics for certain X-ray wavelengths", "Another threshold in telescope design, as photon energy increases (shorter wavelengths and higher frequency) is the use of fully reflecting optics rather than glancing-incident optics.", "Telescopes such as TRACE and SOHO use special mirrors to reflect Extreme ultraviolet, producing higher resolution and brighter images then otherwise possible.", "A larger aperture does not just mean more light is collected, it is collected at a higher diffraction limit.", "Telescopes may also be classified by location: ground telescope, space telescope, or flying telescope.", "They may also be classified by whether they are operated by professional astronomers or amateur astronomers.", "A vehicle or permanent campus containing one or more telescopes or other instruments is called an observatory." ]

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[ "The Upper lot is home to a variety of family based shows.", "It is also home to many dining and merchandise shops as well as the park's entrance.", "For older guests the park offers \"Universal's House of Horrors\", a year-round haunted house.", "The Upper lot is home to all of the park's 5 shows including \"The Blues Brothers Revue\", the \"Universal's Animal Actors Show\", the \"Special Effects Stage\", \"\" and \"Shrek 4-D\", a 3-D film which features additional immerse features.", "There are 2 rides located on the upper lot which include: the \"Studio Tour\" and the \"The Simpsons Ride\" are offered.", "The \"Studio Tour\" is a 45 minute ride which uses tram vehicles to take the visitors to the theme park's back-lot.", "The tour is the signature ride at the theme park and the wait time varies by day and seasons.", "The wait time ranges from 5–80 minutes, depending on the amount of visitors.", "The tour includes:, the world's largest 3-D experience.", "The tram closes earlier than other shows and rides at the park.", "The trams depart the station and pass directly under the \"Starway\".", "After passing the starway, the tram arrives at the lower lot and passes through the stages where film productions take place.", "When filming occurs, the ride operator will notify visitors.", "The tram then takes the guests to Courthouse Square section and then other buildings in the backlot.", "Afterwards, the tram enters a tunnel leading to the attraction: King Kong 360 3D.", "After King Kong 360 3D, the tram travels through sets from Jurassic park and encounter Dilophosauruses.", "Following that, the tram travels to the Flash Flood attraction (it is to be noted guests on the left side of the tram usually get wet).", "The tram continues to attraction, and Bates motel from Psycho.", "The Simpsons Ride is a family simulator ride located next to the entrance to the Studio Tour ride.", "The ride contains 24 vehicles, where each vehicles seats 8 guests.", "The ride lasts for 4 minutes.", "None of the rides at the Upper lot have single rider lines.", "There are several themed retail outlets located near their respective rides in the Upper lot.", "For the Simpsons merchandise is offered at the Kwik-E-Mart." ]

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[ "In her acceptance speech for the Emmy for Best Actress in a Comedy series, Falco exclaimed \"I'm not funny!\"", "Later, while speaking to the press, she expanded upon her statement and said that she too felt her performance was dramatic.", "Several articles have since been written addressing this question, with some writers even calling for an overhaul of the Emmy categorization process as well as a \"Comedy-drama/Dramedy\" category for the awards." ]

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[ "The story begins with Cyril, a 12-year-old boy in foster care, searching for his father and lost bike.", "Cyril escapes the foster home to try to find his father at his old apartment.", "When the caretakers find him, Cyril flees to a doctor’s office nearby, where he grabs onto a woman in the waiting room.", "Trying to alleviate the situation, the caretakers take Cyril to the empty apartment, confirming that his father has really abandoned him.", "The next morning, the woman from the doctor's office, Samantha, shows up with Cyril’s bike.", "She says she bought it from someone in the projects, but Cyril thinks it was stolen from his dad.", "He likes Samantha though, and asks if she would take him in on weekends.", "Later, through an old personal ad, Cyril discovers that his father actually sold his bike.", "With Samantha, Cyril is able to finally track down his father.", "However, his father isn't happy to be found and tells his son never to come back.", "Cyril, heartbroken by his father's rejection, turns to Samantha for comfort.", "But despite Samantha's care, Cyril is soon taken under the wing of Wesker, a local gang leader known as \"The Dealer\".", "At The Dealer’s prompting, Cyril robs a newsstand owner and his son with a baseball bat.", "The Dealer, fearing Cyril had been identified, forces him to keep quiet and keep the money.", "Cyril tries giving it to his father only to be chased away.", "Dejected, Cyril returns to Samantha and finally accepts her care for him.", "The robbery is settled through mediation, where Cyril apologizes personally to the owner, who accepts, but his son does not and, in a chance encounter, tries to get his revenge.", "In the ensuing chase, Cyril climbs a tree and falls when struck by a rock the son throws.", "While he lies unconscious, the owner and son discuss what lies to tell the police.", "While they're talking, Cyril comes to and walks away, having apparently decided to move on with his life." ]

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[ "The song was nominated for a 2007 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song, as well as for a 2007 BRIT Award for Best British Single.", "In 2007, \"Chasing Cars\" was voted number 1 in the Top 500 Songs: The Words Behind the Music, on Bristol's GWR FM (and other stations in The One Network).", "Music's Adam Webb, however had mixed feelings for the single, when he awarded it 5 stars out of 10, saying it was a \"misguided attempt to recreate its breast-beating slo-motion scarf-waving formula.\"", "Further, he made comparisons of the song to Hollywood soundtracks, which in his words are \"about as subtle as a rhino and too overt to be truly affecting.", "\"\"Billboard\" magazine's Sven Phillip found the song the only one on the album \"not to be missed\".", "He called it a \"catchy, colossal ballad that succeeds without any fireworks\".UK music licensing body PPL announced in December 2009 that \"Chasing Cars\" was the most played song of the decade." ]

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[ "The word \"quantum\" comes from the Latin \"quantus\", for \"how much\".", "\"Quanta\", short for \"quanta of electricity\" (electrons) was used in a 1902 article on the photoelectric effect by Philipp Lenard, who credited Hermann von Helmholtz for using the word in the area of electricity.", "However, the word quantum in general was well known before 1900.", "It was often used by physicians, such as in the term quantum satis.", "Both Helmholtz and Julius von Mayer were physicians as well as physicists.", "Helmholtz used \"quantum\" with reference to heat in his article on Mayer's work, and indeed, the word \"quantum\" can be found in the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics by Mayer in his letter dated July 24, 1841.", "Max Planck used \"quanta\" to mean \"quanta of matter and electricity\", gas, and heat.", "In 1905, in response to Planck's work and the experimental work of Lenard, who explained his results by using the term \"quanta of electricity\", Albert Einstein suggested that radiation existed in spatially localized packets which he called \"quanta of light\" (\"Lightquanta\").", "The concept of quantization of radiation was discovered in 1900 by Max Planck, who had been trying to understand the emission of radiation from heated objects, known as black-body radiation.", "By assuming that energy can only be absorbed or released in tiny, differential, discrete packets he called \"bundles\" or \"energy elements\", Planck accounted for the fact that certain objects change colour when heated.", "On December 14, 1900, Planck reported his revolutionary findings to the German Physical Society, and introduced the idea of quantization for the first time as a part of his research on black-body radiation.", "As a result of his experiments, Planck deduced the numerical value of \"h\", known as the Planck constant, and could also report a more precise value for the Avogadro–Loschmidt number, the number of real molecules in a mole and the unit of electrical charge, to the German Physical Society.", "After his theory was validated, Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 for his discovery." ]

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[ "The Nigerian Military are charged with protecting The Federal Republic of Nigeria, promoting Nigeria's global security interests, and supporting peacekeeping efforts especially in West Africa.", "The Nigerian Military consist of an army, a navy and an air force.", "The military in Nigeria have played a major role in the country's history since independence.", "Various juntas have seized control of the country and ruled it through most of its history.", "Its last period of rule ended in 1999 following the sudden death of former dictator Sani Abacha in 1998, with his successor, Abdulsalam Abubakar, handing over power to the democratically elected government of Olusegun Obasanjo in 1999.", "Taking advantage of its role as Africa's most populated country, Nigeria has repositioned its military as an African peacekeeping force.", "Since 1995, the Nigerian military through ECOMOG mandates have been deployed as peacekeepers in Liberia (1997), Ivory Coast (1997–1999), Sierra Leone 1997–1999, and presently in Sudan's Darfur region under an African Union mandate." ]

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[ "The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night, the first of seven episodes in its first season.", "The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the show.", "The series was renewed for a second season which began as a midseason replacement for \"The New Adventures of Old Christine\" on Monday, September 24, 2007, with production halted after nine episodes on November 6, 2007, in the wake of a writers' strike.", "After the strike ended, CBS announced that the show would return April 14, 2008, with a further six episodes.", "Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010.", "On May 18, 2010, it was announced that CBS had renewed \"Rules of Engagement\" for a 5th season.", "It was later announced that this season would start in September, in contrast to its usual midseason start, and received an expanded 24-episode order.", "(The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full-season order.)", "The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights, usually in the 8:30 pm Eastern/7:30 pm Central time slot following \"How I Met Your Mother\".", "Then on February 24, 2011, the series moved to Thursdays at 8:30 pm Eastern/7:30 pm Central, following \"The Big Bang Theory\", after the cancellation of \"$h*!", "My Dad Says\".", "On May 17, 2011, the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011.", "One day later, CBS announced that \"Rules of Engagement\" would move to Saturday nights at 8:00 pm Eastern/7:00 pm Central as part of the network's new \"Comedytime Saturday\" block; the first time in six years that an original CBS program would air on that night.", "It also marked the fourth night that the series would air on, with it previously airing on Mondays, Wednesdays (two airings), and Thursdays.", "On October 7, 2011, however, it was announced that \"Rules of Engagement\" would move back to its 8:30PM EST Thursday timeslot following \"The Big Bang Theory\", replacing new sitcom \"How to Be a Gentleman\" which was moved to the new Saturday time slot.", "Effective January 12, 2012, CBS removed \"Rules of Engagement\" from its Thursday lineup, replacing it with the new sitcom \"Rob\" starring Rob Schneider.", "\"Rules\" would return to its Thursday 8:30 PM time slot on March 29, after \"Rob\" had finished airing its 8-episode order, resulting in a total of 15 episodes in season 6.", "On May 21, 2012, CBS renewed \"Rules of Engagement\" for a seventh season of 13 episodes to air mid-season, bringing the total number of produced episodes to 100.", "Season 7 began airing on Mondays at 8:30, starting February 4, 2013.", "On May 10, 2013, \"Rules of Engagement\" was cancelled by CBS after seven seasons and 100 episodes.", "The series finale episode aired on May 20, 2013." ]

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[ "The \"arepa\" is a flat, round, unleavened patty made of soaked, ground kernels of maize, or—more frequently nowadays—maizemeal or maize flour which can be grilled, baked, fried, boiled or steamed, etc.", "The characteristics vary by color, flavor, size, and the food with which it may be stuffed, depending on the region.", "\"Arepa\" is a native sort of bread made of ground maize (or flour), water, and salt which is fried or grilled into a thick bread.", "It can be topped or filled with meat, eggs, tomatoes, salad, cheese, shrimp, or fish depending on the meal.", "Breakfast egg or cheese are the most common arepa fillings.", "There are several recipes for fillings." ]

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[ "The Belgians are known to enjoy good health.", "According to 2012 estimates, the average life expectancy is 79.65 years.", "Since 1960, life expectancy has, in line with the European average, grown by two months per year.", "Death in Belgium is mainly due to heart and vascular disorders, neoplasms, disorders of the respiratory system and unnatural causes of death (accidents, suicide).", "Non-natural causes of death and cancer are the most common causes of death for females up to age 24 and males up to age 44.", "Healthcare in Belgium is financed through both social security contributions and taxation.", "Health insurance is compulsory.", "Health care is delivered by a mostly private system of independent medical practitioners and hospitals.", "Most of the time each provided service is directly paid by the patient and reimbursed later on by health insurance companies.", "Belgian health care system is supervised and financed by the federal government, the three Communities and the three Regions, i.e.", "six distinct Ministries (the Flemish Community and Region have merged)." ]

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[ "", "\"Love the Way You Lie\" ranked in various best-of-2010 lists.", "Claire Suddath of \"Time\" placed it at number five on her top-ten list and wrote, \"That this song didn't come across sounding clichéd or tasteless is a testament to both artists' skill.\"", "AOL Radio considered the song the best of 2010 hip hop music, regarding Eminem as imaginative and passionate.", "It ranked ninth on MTV News' top-twenty-five list.", "Its editor James Montgomery attributed the song's success to its theme and relation to the artists' past abusive relationships.", "He concluded, \"You cannot write a song any better than that, because that's how this kind of thing happens in real life.\"", "\"The New York Post\" placed the song at second place on their \"top 210 songs from 2010\" list and regarded it as a \"comeback club anthem.\"", "In April 2011, Gabriel Alvarez of \"Complex\" magazine ranked it at number 100 on their \"100 Best Eminem Songs\" list, calling it a love song and praising Rihanna's vocals as beautiful.", "\"Love the Way You Lie\" and its accompanying music video were nominated for five Grammy Awards at the 2011 ceremony, including \"Record of the Year\", \"Song of the Year\" and \"Best Short Form Music Video\".", "It won the People's Choice Awards for \"Favorite Music Video\" and \"Favorite Song\"." ]

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[ "Filming concluded in December 1998, and David Fincher edited the footage in early 1999 to prepare \"Fight Club\" for a screening with senior executives.", "They did not receive the film positively and were concerned that there would not be an audience for the film.", "Executive producer Art Linson, who supported the film, recalled the response: \"So many incidences of \"Fight Club\" were alarming, no group of executives could narrow them down.\"", "Nevertheless, \"Fight Club\" was originally slated to be released in July 1999 but was later changed to August 6, 1999.", "The studio further delayed the film's release, this time to autumn, citing a crowded summer schedule and a hurried post-production process.", "Outsiders attributed the delays to the Columbine High School massacre earlier in the year.", "Marketing executives at 20th Century Fox faced difficulties in marketing \"Fight Club\" and at one point considered marketing it as an art film.", "They considered that the film was primarily geared toward male audiences because of its violence and believed that not even Brad Pitt would attract female filmgoers.", "Research testing showed that the film appealed to teenagers.", "Fincher refused to let the posters and trailers focus on Pitt and encouraged the studio to hire the advertising firm Wieden+Kennedy to devise a marketing plan.", "The firm proposed a bar of pink soap with the title \"Fight Club\" embossed on it as the film's main marketing image; the proposal was considered \"a bad joke\" by Fox executives.", "Fincher also released two early trailers in the form of fake public service announcements presented by Pitt and Norton; the studio did not think the trailers marketed the film appropriately.", "Instead, the studio financed a $20 million large-scale campaign to provide a press junket, posters, billboards, and trailers for TV that highlighted the film's fight scenes.", "The studio advertised \"Fight Club\" on cable during World Wrestling Federation broadcasts, which Fincher protested, believing that the placement created the wrong context for the film.", "Linson believed that the \"ill-conceived one-dimensional\" marketing by marketing executive Robert Harper largely contributed to \"Fight Club\"s lukewarm box office performance in the United States." ]

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[ "\"The Usual Suspects\" was well received by most critics, and it has an 88% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and a 77 metascore on Metacritic.", "While embraced by most viewers and critics, the film was the subject of harsh derision by some.", "Roger Ebert, in a review for the \"Chicago Sun-Times,\" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, considering it confusing and uninteresting.", "He also included the movie in his \"most hated films\" list.", "\"USA Today\" rated the film two and a half stars out of four, calling it \"one of the most densely plotted mysteries in memory—though paradoxically, four-fifths of it is way too easy to predict.\"", "However, \"Rolling Stone\" praised Spacey, saying his \"balls-out brilliant performance is Oscar bait all the way.\"", "In his review for \"The Washington Post\", Hal Hinson wrote, \"Ultimately, \"The Usual Suspects\" may be too clever for its own good.", "The twist at the end is a corker, but crucial questions remain unanswered.", "What's interesting, though, is how little this intrudes on our enjoyment.", "After the movie you're still trying to connect the dots and make it all fit—and these days, how often can we say that?\"", "In her review for \"The New York Times\", Janet Maslin praised the performances of the cast: \"Mr. Singer has assembled a fine ensemble cast of actors who can parry such lines, and whose performances mesh effortlessly despite their exaggerated differences in demeanor ...", "Without the violence or obvious bravado of \"Reservoir Dogs,\" these performers still create strong and fascinatingly ambiguous characters.\"", "\"The Independent\" praised the film's ending: \"The film's coup de grace is as elegant as it is unexpected.", "The whole movie plays back in your mind in perfect clarity—and turns out to be a completely different movie to the one you've been watching (rather better, in fact).\"" ]

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[ "In 1956, Cher Yam Tian and her husband Lim Choo Ngee began selling stir-fried crabs mixed with bottled chilli and tomato sauce from a pushcart.", "This was an improvised recipe; the original one did not involve bottled chilli sauce.", "A successful business selling this dish prompted the establishment of a non-mobile restaurant situated in Palm Beach.", "In September 2009, Ng Yen Yen, Malaysia's Tourism Minister, controversially claimed that, among other dishes, that \"Chilli crab is Malaysian\", accusing \"other countries\" of \"hijacking our food\".", "Evidence supporting her claim has yet to be put forth." ]

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[ "Cultural impact.", "Usage in media.", "\"Stronger\" was also used in various forms of media.", "It was used in a 2011 Toyota Camry advertisement which stars Clarkson singing the song with her co-stars Chris Berman, Andrew Zimmern, and James Lipton.", "Amber Riley, Naya Rivera, and Heather Morris performed the song on the season three episode of \"Glee\" titled \"On My Way\", which aired on February 21, 2012.", "Raymund Flandez of \"The Wall Street Journal\" described the trio's performance as \"fine, fierce and fabulous.\"", "Their version of \"Stronger\" debuted on the Hot 100 at number 66 on the week ending March 3, 2012 as \"What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)\".", "The song was featured in \"Suburgatory\" and was used in advertisements promoting the second season of the USA Network series \"Fairly Legal\".", "It was also featured in a playable piece in the Harmonix video game \"Rock Band Blitz\", \"Rock Band 3\" and \"Dance Central 3\".", "On May 6, 2012, a video of some of the patients and hospital staff of Seattle Children's hematology oncology unit dancing to the song were uploaded in YouTube to represent their fight against cancer.", "The video became a viral hit and has been featured by \"Time\" and CBS News.", "On February 26, 2012, Chemmy Alcott and Sean Rice skated to the song on Dancing on Ice.", "Maria Menounos and Derek Hough danced to the song in the fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars.", "The instrumental version has been used as background music to the promotion and the opening theme to the 2013 MDA Show of Strength telethon." ]

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[ "Traditionally, sausage casings were made of the cleaned intestines, or stomachs in the case of haggis and other traditional puddings.", "Today, however, natural casings are often replaced by collagen, cellulose, or even plastic casings, especially in the case of industrially manufactured sausages.", "Some forms of sausage, such as sliced sausage, are prepared without a casing.", "Additionally, luncheon meat and sausage meat are now available without casings in tin cans and jars." ]

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[ "Refusing to pledge allegiance to the Nazi party or to serve in the military, roughly 12,000 Jehovah's Witnesses were forced to wear a purple triangle and were placed in camps where they were given the option of renouncing their faith and submitting to the state's authority.", "Between 2,500 and 5,000 were killed.", "Historian Detlef Garbe, director at the Neuengamme (Hamburg) Memorial, writes that \"no other religious movement resisted the pressure to conform to National Socialism with comparable unanimity and steadfastness.\"" ]

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[ "France has historical and strong links with cinema, with two Frenchmen, Auguste and Louis Lumière (known as the Lumière Brothers) having created cinema in 1895.", "France remains a leader in filmmaking, as of 2006 producing more films than any other European country.", "The nation also hosts the Cannes Festival, one of the most important and famous film festivals in the world.", "Although the French film market is dominated by Hollywood, France is the only nation in the world where American films make up the smallest share of total film revenues, at 50%, compared with 77% in Germany and 69% in Japan.", "French films account for 35% of the total film revenues of France, which is the highest percentage of national film revenues in the developed world outside the United States, compared to 14% in Spain and 8% in the UK.", "Until recently, France had for centuries been the cultural center of the world, although its dominant position has been surpassed by the United States.", "Subsequently, France takes steps in protecting and promoting its culture, becoming a leading advocate of the cultural exception.", "The nation succeeded in convincing all EU members to refuse to include culture and audiovisuals in the list of liberalized sectors of the WTO in 1993.", "Moreover, this decision was confirmed in a voting in the UNESCO in 2005, and the principle of \"cultural exception\" won an overwhelming victory: 198 countries voted for it, only 2 countries, the U.S and Israel, voted against it." ]

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[ "\"Counting Stars\" is a song by American pop rock band OneRepublic from their third studio album, \"Native\" (2013).", "The song was written by lead singer Ryan Tedder, and produced by Tedder and Noel Zancanella.", "Musically, it is a pop song with strong elements of folk music.", "It was released as the album's third single on June 14, 2013 in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.", "The song has been one of the band's most successful singles, reaching No.", "1 in many countries including Canada and the United Kingdom, No.", "2 in the United States, and top ten in 20 countries.", "The song's accompanying music video, directed by James Lees, features the band performing in a basement beneath an ongoing church congregation." ]

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[ "The music video came in first with 21% rating in the 2012 Billboard.com's readers poll, beating \"Where Have You Been\" by Rihanna (19%) and \"Beauty and a Beat\" by Justin Bieber featuring Nicki Minaj (11%).", "The song was the most popular song played on New Year's Eve and the most sung song on the day, leaving \"Auld Lang Syne\" in second place for the first time since 2005, on karaoke company Lucky Voice's online service in the United Kingdom.", "CNN readers picked \"Gangnam Style\" as the eighth best song of 2012.", "\"The Week\" (US edition) ranked the song's global popularity at No.", "6 with the strapline \"'Gangnam Style' takes over the world\" on the 13 biggest pop culture moments of the year list.", "The phenomenon of the song and the video was also picked as one of the 2012's most viral moments in music by Wendy Geller of Yahoo!", "Music, and No.", "2 on the 2012 top 20 music moments list after Whitney Houston's passing by \"Billboard\", being written \"If there's one meme, song and face that has been truly inescapable in the second half of 2012, it's South Korean rapper Psy and his outrageous 'Gangnam Style'.\"" ]

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[ "Once the cereal plants have grown their seeds, they have completed their life cycle.", "The plants die and become brown and dry.", "As soon as the parent plants and their seed kernels are reasonably dry, harvest can begin.", "In developed countries, cereal crops are universally machine-harvested, typically using a combine harvester, which cuts, threshes, and winnows the grain during a single pass across the field.", "In developing countries, a variety of harvesting methods are in use, depending on the cost of labor, from combines to hand tools such as the scythe or cradle.", "If a crop is harvested during wet weather, the grain may not dry adequately in the field to prevent spoilage during its storage.", "In this case, the grain is sent to a dehydrating facility, where artificial heat dries it.", "In North America, farmers commonly deliver their newly harvested grain to a grain elevator, a large storage facility that consolidates the crops of many farmers.", "The farmer may sell the grain at the time of delivery or maintain ownership of a share of grain in the pool for later sale.", "Storage facilities should be protected from small grain pests, rodents and birds." ]

[ 0 ]

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[ "Between 5,000 and 15,000 homosexuals of German nationality are estimated to have been sent to concentration camps.", "James D. Steakley writes that what mattered in Germany was criminal intent or character, rather than criminal acts, and the \"\"gesundes Volksempfinden\"\" (\"healthy sensibility of the people\") became the leading normative legal principle.", "In 1936, Himmler created the Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion.", "Homosexuality was declared contrary to \"wholesome popular sentiment,\" and homosexuals were consequently regarded as \"defilers of German blood.\"", "The Gestapo raided gay bars, tracked individuals using the address books of those they arrested, used the subscription lists of gay magazines to find others, and encouraged people to report suspected homosexual behavior and to scrutinize the behavior of their neighbors.", "Tens of thousands were convicted between 1933 and 1944 and sent to camps for \"rehabilitation\", where they were identified by yellow armbands and later pink triangles worn on the left side of the jacket and the right trouser leg, which singled them out for sexual abuse.", "Hundreds were castrated by court order.", "They were humiliated, tortured, used in hormone experiments conducted by SS doctors, and killed.", "Steakley writes that the full extent of gay suffering was slow to emerge after the war.", "Many victims kept their stories to themselves because homosexuality remained criminalized in postwar Germany.", "Around two percent of German homosexuals were persecuted by Nazis." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 1 ]

[ "A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).", "The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, using glass lenses.", "They found use in terrestrial applications and astronomy.", "Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was invented, which used mirrors.", "In the 20th century many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.", "The word \"telescope\" now refers to a wide range of instruments detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.", "The word \"\"telescope\"\" (from the Greek τῆλε, \"tele\" \"far\" and σκοπεῖν, \"skopein\" \"to look or see\"; τηλεσκόπος, \"teleskopos\" \"far-seeing\") was coined in 1611 by the Greek mathematician Giovanni Demisiani for one of Galileo Galilei's instruments presented at a banquet at the Accademia dei Lincei.", "In the \"Starry Messenger\", Galileo had used the term \"perspicillum\"." ]

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[ 12 ]

[ "There are at least four definitions relating to fruits and vegetables: ", "Fruit (botany): the ovary of a flowering plant (sometimes including accessory structures), ", "Fruit (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a sweet flavor, ", "Vegetable (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a savory flavor.", "Vegetable (legal): commodities that are taxed as vegetables in a particular jurisdiction ", "In everyday, grocery-store, culinary language, the words \"fruit\" and \"vegetable\" are mutually exclusive ; plant products that are called fruit are hardly ever classified as vegetables, and vice-versa.", "The word \"fruit\" has a precise botanical meaning (a part that developed from the ovary of a flowering plant), which is considerably different from its culinary meaning, and includes many poisonous fruits.", "While peaches, plums, and oranges are \"fruit\" in both senses, many items commonly called \"vegetables\" — such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes — are botanically fruits, while the cereals (grains) are both a fruit and a vegetable, as well as some spices like black pepper and chili peppers.", "The question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable found its way into the United States Supreme Court in 1893.", "The court ruled unanimously in \"Nix v. Hedden\" that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce.", "The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically speaking, a tomato is a fruit.", "Languages other than English often have categories that can be identified with the common English meanings of \"fruit\" and \"vegetable\", but their precise meaning often depends on local culinary traditions.", "For example, in Brazil the avocado is traditionally consumed with sugar as a dessert or in milkshakes, and hence it is regarded as a culinary fruit; whereas in other countries (including Mexico and the United States) it is used in salads and dips, and hence considered to be a vegetable." ]

[ 0 ]

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[ "Support for the conflict had never been strong in Britain, where many sympathized with the rebels, but now it reached a new low.", "Although King George III personally wanted to fight on, his supporters lost control of Parliament, and no further major land offensives were launched in the American Theater.", "Washington could not know that after Yorktown the British would not reopen hostilities.", "They still had 26,000 troops occupying New York City, Charleston and Savannah, together with a powerful fleet.", "The French army and navy departed, so the Americans were on their own in 1782–83.", "The treasury was empty, and the unpaid soldiers were growing restive, almost to the point of mutiny or possible \"coup d'état\".", "The unrest among officers of the Newburgh Conspiracy was personally dispelled by Washington in 1783, and Congress subsequently created the promise of a five years bonus for all officers." ]

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[ 9 ]

[ "There are at least four definitions relating to fruits and vegetables: ", "Fruit (botany): the ovary of a flowering plant (sometimes including accessory structures), ", "Fruit (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a sweet flavor, ", "Vegetable (culinary): any edible part of a plant with a savory flavor.", "Vegetable (legal): commodities that are taxed as vegetables in a particular jurisdiction ", "In everyday, grocery-store, culinary language, the words \"fruit\" and \"vegetable\" are mutually exclusive ; plant products that are called fruit are hardly ever classified as vegetables, and vice-versa.", "The word \"fruit\" has a precise botanical meaning (a part that developed from the ovary of a flowering plant), which is considerably different from its culinary meaning, and includes many poisonous fruits.", "While peaches, plums, and oranges are \"fruit\" in both senses, many items commonly called \"vegetables\" — such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes — are botanically fruits, while the cereals (grains) are both a fruit and a vegetable, as well as some spices like black pepper and chili peppers.", "The question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable found its way into the United States Supreme Court in 1893.", "The court ruled unanimously in \"Nix v. Hedden\" that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce.", "The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically speaking, a tomato is a fruit.", "Languages other than English often have categories that can be identified with the common English meanings of \"fruit\" and \"vegetable\", but their precise meaning often depends on local culinary traditions.", "For example, in Brazil the avocado is traditionally consumed with sugar as a dessert or in milkshakes, and hence it is regarded as a culinary fruit; whereas in other countries (including Mexico and the United States) it is used in salads and dips, and hence considered to be a vegetable." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Moonrise Kingdom is a 2012 American film directed by Wes Anderson, written by Anderson and Roman Coppola.", "Described as an \"eccentric pubescent love story\", it features newcomers Jared Gilman and Kara Hayward in the film's main roles and an ensemble cast.", "Filming took place in Rhode Island from April until June 29, 2011.", "Worldwide rights to the independently-produced film were acquired by Focus Features.", "The film received critical acclaim and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.", "It was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania.", "Indonesia is an archipelago comprising 13,466 islands.", "It encompasses 33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (for being governed by a pre-colonial monarchy) with over 238 million people, making it the world's fourth most populous country.", "Indonesia's republic form of government comprises an elected legislature and president.", "The nation's capital city is Jakarta.", "The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia.", "Other neighboring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.", "Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.", "The Indonesian economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP.", "The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India.", "Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished.", "Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources.", "Muslim traders brought the now-dominant Islam, while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery.", "Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II.", "Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.", "Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups.", "The largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group are the Javanese.", "A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it.", "Indonesia's national motto, \"\"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\"\" (\"Unity in Diversity\" \"literally,\" \"many, yet one\"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country.", "Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity.", "The country has abundant natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread." ]

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[ "Recording", "Recorded at Kinglet Studios, Stockholm, Sweden, and Conway Recording Studios, Hollywood, California, United States", "Mixed at Conway Recording Studios", "Personnel", "Nicki Minaj – vocals, songwriter", "RedOne – songwriter, producer, instruments", "Carl Falk – songwriter, producer, mixing, additional vocals, instruments, guitar", "Rami Yacoub – songwriter, producer, mixing, vocal editing, instruments", "Wayne Hector – songwriter, additional vocals", "Trevor Muzzy – recording, mixing, vocal editing", "Ariel Chobaz – recording", "Jon Sher – recording assistant", "Mohombi – additional vocals" ]

[ 4 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Canada is a country in North America consisting of 10 provinces and 3 territories.", "Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean.", "At 9.98 million square kilometres in total, Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries.", "The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples.", "Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonies were established on the region's Atlantic coast.", "As a consequence of various conflicts, the United Kingdom gained and lost North American territories until left in the late 18th century with what mostly comprises Canada today.", "On July 1, 1867, three British colonies joined to form the federal dominion of Canada.", "Other colonies subsequently joined and the remainder of Britain's lands were transferred to Canada.", "Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.", "Canada is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.", "The country is officially bilingual at the federal level.", "It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries, with a population of approximately 35 million as of December 2012.", "Its advanced economy is one of the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed trade networks.", "Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.", "Canada is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the eighth highest per capita income globally, and the eleventh highest ranking in the Human Development Index.", "It ranks among the highest in international measurements of education, government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, and economic freedom.", "Canada's participation in economic international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings includes the G8 (Group of Eight), the Group of Ten (economic), the Group of Twenty (G-20 major economies), the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.", "Canada's alliances include the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)." ]

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[ 1 ]

[ "", "\"Free Bird\" is included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll, and at number 193 in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "In 2009 it was named the 26th best hard rock song of all time by VH1.", "The song—half ballad, half up-tempo guitar solo—quickly became a staple for Lynyrd Skynyrd at their live performances.", "Many recognize its 5:12 triple guitar solo section that closes it out.", "It often turned into an extended jam session at concerts.", "The band would consistently play it as the last song of every show, as it was their biggest crowd pleaser.", "Overall the song proved to be a huge hit for Lynyrd Skynyrd and it remains a fan favorite to this day.", "It is also a classic rock radio staple.", "Following the plane crash in 1977 in which several band members were killed, all of the songs played by surviving members were performed as instrumentals beginning with the Charlie Daniels Volunteer Jam V in 1979.", "When \"Free Bird\" came up, a solitary microphone with a single spotlight would be at center stage while the band played the instrumental version.", "This tradition lasted until 1989, when an almost-rioting audience coerced Rossington to urge Johnny Van Zant to sing the song for the first time – something he had vowed never to do on stage during the Tribute Tour.", "The current version has a shortened solo similar to the original studio version." ]

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[ "Glaciers are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change.", "Their size is determined by a mass balance between snow input and melt output.", "As temperatures warm, glaciers retreat unless snow precipitation increases to make up for the additional melt; the converse is also true.", "Glaciers grow and shrink due both to natural variability and external forcings.", "Variability in temperature, precipitation, and englacial and subglacial hydrology can strongly determine the evolution of a glacier in a particular season.", "Therefore, one must average over a decadal or longer time-scale and/or over a many individual glaciers to smooth out the local short-term variability and obtain a glacier history that is related to climate.", "A world glacier inventory has been compiled since the 1970s, initially based mainly on aerial photographs and maps but now relying more on satellites.", "This compilation tracks more than 100,000 glaciers covering a total area of approximately 240,000 km2, and preliminary estimates indicate that the remaining ice cover is around 445,000 km2.", "The World Glacier Monitoring Service collects data annually on glacier retreat and glacier mass balance.", "From this data, glaciers worldwide have been found to be shrinking significantly, with strong glacier retreats in the 1940s, stable or growing conditions during the 1920s and 1970s, and again retreating from the mid-1980s to present.", "The most significant climate processes since the middle to late Pliocene (approximately 3 million years ago) are the glacial and interglacial cycles.", "The present interglacial period (the Holocene) has lasted about 11,700 years.", "Shaped by orbital variations, responses such as the rise and fall of continental ice sheets and significant sea-level changes helped create the climate.", "Other changes, including Heinrich events, Dansgaard–Oeschger events and the Younger Dryas, however, illustrate how glacial variations may also influence climate without the orbital forcing.", "Glaciers leave behind moraines that contain a wealth of material—including organic matter, quartz, and potassium that may be dated—recording the periods in which a glacier advanced and retreated.", "Similarly, by tephrochronological techniques, the lack of glacier cover can be identified by the presence of soil or volcanic tephra horizons whose date of deposit may also be ascertained." ]

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[ "Netball has been adapted in several ways to meet children's needs.", "The rules for children are similar to those for adults, but various aspects of the game (such as the length of each quarter, goal height, and ball size) are modified.", "Fun Net is a version of netball developed by Netball Australia for five- to seven-year-olds.", "It aims to improve basic netball skills using games and activities.", "The Fun Net program runs for 8–16 weeks.", "There are no winners or losers.", "The goal posts are high, and a smaller ball is used.", "Netball Australia also runs a modified game called Netta aimed at 8- to 11-year-olds.", "The goal height and ball size are the same as for adults, but players rotate positions during the game, permitting each player to play each position.", "Netta was created to develop passing and catching skills.", "Its rules permit six seconds between catching and passing the ball, instead of the three seconds permitted in the adult game.", "Most players under 11 play this version at netball clubs.", "A version called High Five Netball is promoted by the All England Netball Association.", "It is aimed at 9- to 11-year-old girls and includes only five positions.", "The players swap positions during the game.", "When a player is not on the court, she is expected to help the game in some other way, such as being the timekeeper or scorekeeper.", "High Five Netball has four six-minute quarters." ]

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[ "The United States has life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth, up from 75.2 years in 1990, ranks it 50th among 221 nations, and 27th out of the 34 industrialized OECD countries, down from 20th in 1990.", "Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world.", "Obesity rates in the United States are among the highest in the world.", "Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight; the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.", "Obesity-related type 2 diabetes is considered epidemic by health care professionals.", "The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th highest out of 222 countries.", "In 2010, coronary artery disease, lung cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and traffic accidents caused the most years of life lost in the U.S. Low back pain, depression, musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, and anxiety caused the most years lost to disability.", "The most deleterious risk factors were poor diet, tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, physical inactivity, and alcohol use.", "Alzheimer's disease, drug abuse, kidney disease and cancer, and falls caused the most additional years of life lost over their age-adjusted 1990 per-capita rates.", "U.S. teenage pregnancy and abortion rates are substantially higher than in other Western nations.", "The U.S. is a global leader in medical innovation.", "America solely developed or contributed significantly to 9 of the top 10 most important medical innovations since 1975 as ranked by a 2001 poll of physicians, while the EU and Switzerland together contributed to five.", "Since 1966, Americans have received more Nobel Prizes in Medicine than the rest of the world.", "From 1989 to 2002, four times more money was invested in private biotechnology companies in America than in Europe.", "The U.S. health-care system far outspends any other nation, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.", "Health-care coverage in the United States is a combination of public and private efforts and is not universal.", "In 2010, 49.9 million residents or 16.3% of the population did not carry health insurance.", "The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.", "In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.", "Federal legislation passed in early 2010 would ostensibly create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014, though the bill and its ultimate impact are issues of controversy." ]

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[ 11 ]

[ "Peru is a multiethnic country formed by different groups over five centuries.", "Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before the Spanish Conquest of the 16th century; according to historian Noble David Cook their population decreased from nearly 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases.", "Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and indigenous peoples.", "Gradual European immigration from Italy, Spain, France, Britain, and Germany followed independence.", "Peru freed its black slaves in 1854.", "Chinese arrived in the 1850s, replacing slave workers, and have since greatly influenced Peruvian society.", "The last Peruvian census that attempted to classify persons according to ethnicity was in 1940, when 53% of the population was found to be white or mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) and 46% was found to be Amerindian.", "According to the CIA World Factbook, the majority of the people in Peru are Amerindians, mostly Quechua and Aymara, followed by mestizos.", "Yet, in a 2006 survey from the \"Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática\" (INEI), the Peruvian population self-identified primarily as mestizo (59.5%), followed by Quechua (22.7%), Aymara (2.7%), Amazonian (1.8%), Black/Mulatto (1.6%), white (4.9%), and \"Others\" (6.7%).", "With about 29.5 million inhabitants, Peru is the fifth most populous country in South America.", "Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6% to 1.6% between 1950 and 2000; population is expected to reach approximately 42 million in 2050.", "As of 2007, 75.9% lived in urban areas and 24.1% in rural areas.", "Major cities include Lima (home to over 8 million people), Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, Iquitos, Cusco, Chimbote, and Huancayo; all reported more than 250,000 inhabitants in the 2007 census.", "There are 15 uncontacted Amerindian tribes in Peru.", "Spanish, the first language of 83.9% of Peruvians aged five and older in 2007, is the primary language of the country.", "It coexists with several indigenous languages, the most common of which is Quechua, spoken by 13.2% of the population.", "Other native and foreign languages were spoken at that time by 2.7% and 0.1% of Peruvians, respectively.", "In the 2007 census, 81.3% of the population over 12 years old described themselves as Catholic, 12.5% as Evangelical, 3.3% as of other denominations, and 2.9% as non-religious.", "Literacy was estimated at 92.9% in 2007; this rate is lower in rural areas (80.3%) than in urban areas (96.3%).", "Primary and secondary education are compulsory and free in public schools." ]

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[ "The Department for Education is the government department responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including education.", "State-run and -funded schools are attended by approximately 93% of English schoolchildren.", "Of these, a minority are faith schools, primarily Church of England or Catholic.", "Between three and four is nursery school, 4 and 11 is primary school, and 11 to 16 is secondary school.", "After finishing compulsory education, pupils take a GCSE examination, following which they may decide to continue in further education for two years.", "Further education colleges, such as sixth form colleges are either separate or attached to the secondary school institution and prepare students to sit A-Level examinations, for higher education at universities.", "Although most English secondary schools are comprehensive, in some areas there are selective intake grammar schools, to which entrance is subject to passing the eleven plus exam.", "Around 7.2% of English schoolchildren attend private schools, which are funded by private sources.", "Standards in state schools are monitored by the Office for Standards in Education, and in private schools by the Independent Schools Inspectorate.", "Students normally enter universities in the United Kingdom from 18 onwards, where they study for an academic degree.", "There are over 90 universities in England, all but one of which are public.", "The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills is the government department responsible for higher education in England.", "Students are generally entitled to student loans for maintenance.", "The first degree offered to undergraduates is the Bachelor's degree, which usually takes three years to complete.", "Students are then eligible for a postgraduate degree, a Master's degree, taking one year, or a Doctorate degree, which takes three.", "England's universities include some of the highest-ranked universities in the world; the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, the University of Oxford and University College London are all ranked in the global top 10 in the 2010 \"QS World University Rankings\".", "The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research.", "The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the \"Financial Times\".", "Academic degrees in England are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class).", "The King's School, Canterbury and King's School, Rochester are the oldest schools in the English-speaking world.", "Many of England's better-known schools, such as Winchester College, Eton College, St Paul's School, Rugby School, and Harrow School are fee-paying institutions." ]

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[ "After the produced pilot lived up to NBC's hopes, the series premiered with the name \"Friends\" on September 22, 1994 in the coveted Thursday 8:30 p.m. timeslot.", "The pilot aired between \"Mad About You\" and \"Seinfeld\", and was watched by almost 22 million American viewers.", "The series was a huge success throughout its run, and was a staple of NBC's Thursday night line-up, dubbed by the network as Must See TV.", "When Crane told reporters in 2001 that the ninth season was a possibility, critics believed that he was posturing, and that at least two of the cast members would not sign on for another season.", "When it was confirmed that \"Friends\" would return for a ninth season, the news was mainly about the amount of money—$7 million per episode—that it took to bring the series back for another season.", "After year-long expectations that the ninth season would be the series' last, NBC signed a deal in late December 2002 to bring the series back for a final tenth season.", "The series' creative team did not want to extend negotiations into the next year, and wanted to start writing the rest of the ninth season episodes and a potential series finale.", "NBC agreed to pay $10 million to Warner Bros. for the production of each tenth season episode, the highest price in television history for a 30-minute series.", "Although NBC was unable to bring in enough advertising revenue from commercials to cover the costs, the series was integral to the Thursday night schedule, which brought high ratings and profits to the other television series.", "The cast demanded that the tenth season be reduced from the usual 24 episodes to 18 episodes to allow them to work on outside projects.", "In fall 2001, Warner Bros.", "Domestic Cable made a deal with sister network TBS (both are owned by Time Warner) to air the series in rerun syndication.", "Warner Bros.", "Domestic Cable announced that it had sold additional cable rights to \"Friends\" to Nick at Nite which began airing in the fall of 2011 (unlike the TBS and broadcast syndication airings, Nick at Nite broadcasts of the series, which began airing as part of a seven-night launch marathon on September 5, 2011, replace the end credit tag scenes with marginalized credits featuring promotions for the series and other Nick at Nite programs).", "Warner Bros. was expected to make $200 million in license fees and advertising from the deal.", "Nick at Nite paid $500,000 per episode to air the episodes after 6 p.m.", "ET for six years through fall 2017.", "TBS also renewed its contract for the same six-year period as Nick at Nite but paid $275,000 per episode because airings were restricted to before 6 p.m.", "ET except for the first year.", "In syndication until 2005, \"Friends\" had earned $4 million per episode in cash license fees for a total of $944 million.", "Beginning on March 5, 2012, high definition versions of all 236 \"Friends\" episodes were made available to local broadcast stations, starting with the pilot episode.", "For the remastered episodes, Warner Bros. restored previously cropped images on the left and right sides of the screen, using the original 35 mm film source, to use the entire widescreen frame.", "These masters had been airing in New Zealand on TV2 since January 2011." ]

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[ "German commanders at all levels failed to react to the assault phase in a timely manner.", "Communications problems exacerbated the difficulties caused by Allied air and naval firepower.", "Local commanders also seemed incapable of the task of fighting an aggressive defense on the beach, as Rommel envisioned.", "The German High Command remained fixated on the Calais area, and von Rundstedt was not permitted to commit the armoured reserve.", "When it was finally released late in the day, any chance of success was much more difficult.", "Overall, despite considerable Allied material superiority, the Germans kept the Allies bottled up in a small beachhead for nearly two months, aided immeasurably by terrain factors.", "Although there were several known disputes among the Allied commanders, their tactics and strategy were essentially determined by agreement between the main commanders.", "By contrast, the German leaders were bullied and their decisions interfered with by Hitler, controlling the battle from a distance with little knowledge of local conditions.", "Field Marshals von Rundstedt and Rommel repeatedly asked Hitler for more discretion but were refused.", "Von Rundstedt was removed from his command on 29 June after he bluntly told the Chief of Staff at Hitler's Armed Forces HQ (Field Marshal Keitel) to \"Make peace, you idiots!\"", "Rommel was severely injured by Allied aircraft on 17 July.", "The German commanders also suffered in the quality of the available troops.", "Sixty thousand of the 850,000 in Rundstedt's command were raised from the many prisoners of war captured on the Eastern Front.", "These \"Ost\" units had volunteered to fight against Stalin, but when instead unwisely used to defend France against the Western Allies, ended up being unreliable.", "Many surrendered or deserted at the first available opportunity." ]

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[ "There has been considerable evidence that psychosocial stressors are among the most important impediments to optimal crew morale and performance.", "Cosmonaut Valery Ryumin, wrote in his journal during a particularly difficult period onboard the Salyut 6 space station: “All the conditions necessary for murder are met if you shut two men in a cabin measuring 18 feet by 20 and leave them together for two months.”NASA's interest in psychological stress caused by space travel, initially studied when their manned missions began, was rekindled when astronauts joined cosmonauts on the Russian space station Mir.", "Common sources of stress in early American missions included maintaining high performance while under public scrutiny, as well as isolation from peers and family.", "The latter is still often a cause of stress on the ISS, such as when the mother of NASA Astronaut Daniel Tani died in a car accident, and when Michael Fincke was forced to miss the birth of his second child.", "A study of the longest spaceflight concluded that the first three weeks represent a critical period where attention is adversely affected because of the demand to adjust to the extreme change of environment.", "While Skylab's 3 crews remained one, two, and three months respectively, long term crews on Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and the ISS last about five to six months while MIR's expeditions often lasted longer.", "The ISS working environment includes further stress caused by living and working in cramped conditions with people from very different cultures who speak a different language.", "First generation space stations had crews who spoke a single language, while second and third-generation stations have crew from many cultures who speak many languages.", "The ISS is unique because visitors are not classed automatically into 'host' or 'guest' categories as with previous stations and spacecraft, and may not suffer from feelings of isolation in the same way.", "Crew members with a military pilot background and those with an academic science background or teachers and politicians may have problems understanding each other's jargon and worldview." ]

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[ ";Download", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" – 4:28", ";CD single", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Album Version) – 4:23", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Audiobot Remix) – 6:01", ";Remixes", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Wideboys Radio Edit) – 3:25", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Wideboys Club Mix) – 5:49", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Benny Benassi Radio Edit) – 3:36", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Benny Benassi Club Mix) – 6:17", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Christopher Lawrence Radio Edit) – 3:38", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Christopher Lawrence Club Mix) – 7:11", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Arion Dubstep Remix) – 3:23", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Russ Chimes Dub) – 6:25", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Alesso Remix) – 5:49", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Avollo Remix) - 6.17", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (DJ Enferno Remix) – 4:52", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Kim Fai Remix) – 6:53", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Millions Like Us Dubstep Remix) – 4:38", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Alyn's Goin Hard Remix) – 4:20", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (Mt Parahaki Dubstep Remix) – 4:22", "\"Party Rock Anthem\" (DJ Bent Dutch Remix) - 5:54" ]

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[ "", "\"Life is Beautiful\" was shown at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, and went on to win the Grand Prix.", "At the 71st Academy Awards, the film won awards for Best Music, Original Dramatic Score, and Best Foreign Language Film, with Benigni winning Best Actor for his role.", "The film also received Academy Award nominations for Directing, Film Editing, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Picture." ]

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[ "The Opera House was formally opened by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on 20 October 1973.", "A large crowd attended.", "Utzon was not invited to the ceremony, nor was his name mentioned.", "The opening was televised and included fireworks and a performance of Beethoven's Symphony No.", "9." ]

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[ "The second season mainly explores the senior year of the characters with the premiere at the Hamptons and primarily focused on the relationship between Blair and Chuck, who were labeled \"the heart of \"GG\"\" by \"People\" magazine.", "At first, both characters negate their feelings for one another, and go through random schemes and manipulations.", "The first half of the season deals with Serena's growing prominence as a socialite which draws the attention of Blair as their friendship is tested when the character of Poppy Lifton (Tamara Feldman) arrives, a socialite who inadvertently drives a wedge between Serena and Blair after inspiring Serena to take her place in the spotlight during the early episodes of the season.", "Nate faces the aftermath of his father's criminal past and pursues a relationship with Vanessa, who becomes further entangled into the world of the Upper East Side.", "Jenny reignites her rebellious nature by pursuing a career as a fashion designer, thereby challenging Rufus' skills as a parent while Dan's friendship with Nate and relationship with Serena slowly transforms him from a social outcast to an insider.", "The show finished its first half during the first week of December, with the shocking death of Bart Bass.", "The second half of the season reveals the impact of Bart's death, causing a significant change of character direction for Chuck that subsequently leads to the growth of Rufus and Lily's relationship, the revelation of the two having a son together, and contributing to the decline of Dan and Serena's relationship.", "John Shea reprised his role as Harold Waldorf during a Thanksgiving episode and becomes entangled in Blair's striving ambition of attending Yale.", "Desmond Harrington entered the series as Chuck's manipulative uncle, Jack Bass.", "Feldman returned to the season with Armie Hammer as Serena's new love interest, Gabriel Edwards.", "Michelle Trachtenberg returned to the role of Georgina Sparks and filmed her scenes during February, also adjoining her character's return to the second season mystery.", "A backdoor pilot for a spin-off premiered in May, but was not picked up by The CW to the limited number of spots available on their fall line-up.", "As the storylines progressed, the role of \"Gossip Girl\" is slightly decreased.", "She continues to run her blog, but she keeps the ultimate information for herself, sending it in the final episode as the last blast, where Serena decides to find out who \"Gossip Girl\" really is, but ultimately fails.", "The season finale ended with a well-received kiss between Blair and Chuck." ]

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[ "", "\"How to Survive a Plague\" received awards for best documentary of 2012 from the Gotham Independent Film Awards and from the Boston Society of Film Critics.", "The Independent Spirit Awards nominated it for Best Documentary.", "It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in the 85th Academy Awards.", "The film also won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Documentary.", "It was nominated for a Directors Guild Award and the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.", "Critic A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" named \"How to Survive a Plague\" one of the best five documentaries of 2012.", "Fellow \"New York Times\" critic Stephen Holden called the documentary the eighth best film of 2012.", "It also won Documentary of the Year at Attitude magazine's Attitude Awards 2013." ]

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[ "Yogurt is nutritionally rich in protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.", "It has nutritional benefits beyond those of milk.", "Lactose-intolerant individuals can sometimes tolerate yogurt better than other dairy products, because the lactose in the milk is converted to glucose and galactose, and partially fermented to lactic acid, by the bacterial culture.", "Yogurt containing live cultures has been found effective in a randomized trial at preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.", "Yogurt contains varying amounts of fat.", "There is non-fat (0% fat), low-fat (usually 2% fat) and plain or whole milk yogurt (4% fat).", "A study published in the \"International Journal of Obesity\" (11 January 2005) also found that the consumption of low-fat yogurt can promote weight loss, relative to a gelatin placebo.", "Yogurt is a valuable health food for both infants and elderly persons.", "For children, it is a balanced source of protein, fats, carbohydrates, and minerals.", "For senior citizens, who usually have more sensitive colons or whose intestines have run out of lactase, yogurt is also a valuable food.", "Elderly intestines showed declining levels of bifidus bacteria, which allow the growth of toxin-producing and, perhaps, cancer-causing bacteria.", "Yogurt may help prevent osteoporosis, reduce the risk of high blood pressure.", "Yogurt with active cultures helps the gut, may discourage vaginal infections, and may help one feel fuller.", "The \"yogurt defense\" was made famous by the trial of Carol Downer, one of the developers of menstrual extraction.", "She was arrested at her self-help group and charged with practicing medicine without a license, as she inserted yogurt into the vagina of another woman to treat a yeast condition.", "Carol Downer was acquitted; the jury did not equate inserting yogurt with practicing medicine." ]

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[ "For culinary, sanitary, and aesthetic reasons, the minimum quality and freshness of fish to be eaten raw must be superior to that of fish which is to be cooked.", "Sushi chefs are trained to recognize important attributes, including smell, color, firmness, and freedom from parasites that may go undetected in commercial inspection.", "Commonly used fish are tuna (\"maguro, shiro-maguro\"), Japanese amberjack, yellowtail (\"hamachi\"), snapper (\"kurodai\"), mackerel (\"saba\"), and salmon (\"sake\").", "The most valued sushi ingredient is \"toro,\" the fatty cut of the fish.", "This comes in a variety of \"ōtoro\" (often from the bluefin species of tuna) and \"chūtoro\", meaning \"middle toro\", implying that it is halfway into the fattiness between \"toro\" and the regular cut.", "\"Aburi\" style refers to \"nigiri\" sushi where the fish is partially grilled (topside) and partially raw.", "Most nigiri sushi will be completely raw.", "Other seafoods such as squid (\"ika\"), eel (\"anago\" and \"unagi\"), pike conger (\"hamo\"), octopus (\"tako\"), shrimp (\"ebi\" and \"amaebi\"), clam (\"mirugai\", \"aoyagi\" and \"akagai\"), fish roe (\"ikura\", \"masago\", \"kazunoko\" and \"tobiko\"), sea urchin (\"uni\"), crab (\"kani\"), and various kinds of shellfish (abalone, prawn, scallop) are the most popular seafoods in sushi.", "Oysters, however, are less common, as the taste is not thought to go well with the rice.", "\"Kani kama\", or imitation crab stick, is commonly substituted for real crab, most notably in California rolls.", "Pickled daikon radish (\"takuan\") in \"shinko maki\", pickled vegetables (\"tsukemono\"), fermented soybeans (\"nattō\") in \"nattō maki\", avocado, cucumber in \"kappa maki\", asparagus, yam, pickled ume (\"umeboshi\"), gourd (\"kanpyō\"), burdock (\"gobo\"), and sweet corn (possibly mixed with mayonnaise) are also used in sushi.", "Tofu and eggs (in the form of slightly sweet, layered omelette called \"tamagoyaki\" and raw quail eggs ride as a \"gunkan-maki\" topping) are common." ]

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[ "Throughout the 20th century, Stonehenge began to be revived as a place of religious significance, this time by adherents of Neopagan and New Age beliefs, particularly the Neo-druids.", "The historian Ronald Hutton would later remark that \"it was a great, and potentially uncomfortable, irony that modern Druids had arrived at Stonehenge just as archaeologists were evicting the ancient Druids from it.\"", "The first such Neo-druidic group to make use of the megalithic monument was the Ancient Order of Druids, who performed a mass initiation ceremony there in August 1905, in which they admitted 259 new members into their organisation.", "This assembly was largely ridiculed in the press, who mocked the fact that the Neo-druids were dressed up in costumes consisting of white robes and fake beards.", "Between 1972 and 1984, Stonehenge was the site of the Stonehenge Free Festival.", "After the Battle of the Beanfield in 1985, this use of the site was stopped for several years and ritual use of Stonehenge is now heavily restricted.", "Some Druids have arranged an assembling of monuments styled on Stonehenge in other parts of the world." ]

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[ "Competition among people concerning who can lift the heaviest weight has been recorded in diverse and ancient civilizations as early as the earliest known recordings of such human events, including those found in Egypt, China and in ancient Greece.", "Today, the modern sport of weightlifting traces its origins to the European competitions of the 19th century.", "The first male world champion was crowned in 1891.", "Women's competition did not exist, and the weightlifters were not categorised by height or weight.", "The first Olympic Games of 1896 included weightlifting in the Field event of the predecessor to today's Track and Field or Athletics event.", "During the 1900 Olympic Games, there was no weightlifting event.", "Weightlifting resumed as an event, again in Athletics, in 1904 but was omitted from the Games of 1908 and 1912.", "These were the last Games until after the First World War.", "In these early Games, a distinction was drawn between lifting with 'one hand' only and lifting with 'two hands'.", "The winner of the 'one hand' competition in 1896 was Launceston Elliot, while the winner of the 'two hands' event was Viggo Jensen of Denmark.", "In 1920, weightlifting returned to the Olympics and, for the first time, as an event in its own right.", "At these Games, which took place in Antwerp, Belgium, fourteen nations competed.", "The competition lifts were the 'one hand' snatch, the 'one hand' clean and jerk and the 'two hands' clean and jerk.", "At the next Olympic Games, in Paris, France, in 1924, the 'two hands' press and the 'two hands' snatch were added to the programme, making a total of five lifts.", "In the Olympic Games after 1920, instead of requiring all competitors to compete against each other regardless of size, weight classes were introduced and, by the 1932 Olympic Games, weightlifting was divided into five weight divisions.", "In 1928, the sport dropped the 'one hand' exercises altogether leaving only the three remaining exercises: the clean and press, the snatch and the clean and jerk.", "By 1972, the clean and press was discontinued because athletes started to push with legs and bend backwards instead of strictly pressing the weight overhead, and this left the sole elements of what is today's modern Olympic weightlifting programme – the snatch and the clean and jerk.", "The snatch entails pulling with a very wide grip the barbell overhead without pressing out with the arms.", "It is a very precise lift that can be nullified by a lack of balance of the athlete.", "The clean and jerk is more forgiving using a narrower grip pull the bar to the shoulders and then using the strength of the legs push until arms reach full extension without a press out.", "A competition for women was introduced at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia.", "As early as 1987, there were official world championships awarded to women weightlifters such as Karyn Marshall and Judy Glenney.", "In 2011 the International Weightlifting Federation ruled that athletes could wear a full-body \"unitard\" under the customary weightlifting uniform.", "Kulsoom Abdullah became the first woman to do so at the U.S. National Championships that year, and athletes are allowed to do so at the Olympics.", "IWF rules previously stated that an athlete's knees and elbows must be visible so officials can determine if a lift is correctly executed." ]

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[ "The closer the fins are placed towards the centre of the wakeboard, the quicker and better the wakeboard releases from the wake.", "The farther out towards the tip and tail they are placed, the longer the wakeboard will stay hooked into the wake and it won’t release as well.", "Long based finsTheir effect is almost the same as a short fin with a long base because they have a similar amount of surface area.", "Long-based fins release better, give the wakeboard a loose, snowboard-like feel when riding flat through the water, and they hold up better on rails and ramps.", "Moulded finsThese are just big channels in the board that act like fins and hold up on rails and ramps.", "Moulded fins are slippery, but most boards have a removable centre fin.", "Multi-finned set-upsThese capture the maximum edge hold and aggressiveness into the wake and through the wake.", "Canted side finsThese are fins that lean out on an angle.", "These fins are not as active when the wakeboard is riding flat through the water, but the more the rider leans on edge, the more the wakeboard hooks up.", "The inside fin digs while the outside lifts, creating leverage to help the wakeboard edge hard.", "Great for 50-50 grinds, nose presses and tail presses.", "Cupped side finsThey have the same effect as canted fins but add more of a push-pull effect.", "The cupped fin allows for the use of a smaller fin but still gets the hold of a bigger fin due to the increased surface area of the cupped side of the fin.", "These fins are very deceiving – they look small and loose but really aren’t.", "No FinsSome riders prefer to ride finless, as some boards are specifically designed for cable parks or other uses, some uses of which can benefit from a finless design." ]

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[ "On April 7, 1989 troops and armored personnel carriers were sent onto the streets of Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people gathered in front of the Government and Communist Party headquarters, many with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and urging the full integration into Georgia of the autonomous region of Abkhazia.", "On 9 April 9, 1989 at least sixteen people were killed and more than 200 wounded when troops attacked the peaceful demonstrators.", "This event radicalised Georgian politics, prompting many to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule.", "On 14 April 1989 Gorbachev removed Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party for his poor handling of the April events and replaced him with the former Georgian KGB chief Givi Gumbaridze.", "On July 16, 1989 in Sukhumi capital of Abkhazia a protest against the opening of a Georgian university branch in the town led to violence that quickly degenerated into a large-scale inter-ethnic confrontation in which 18 died and hundreds were injured before Soviet troops restored order.", "This riot marked the start of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict." ]

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[ " and its influence outside Japan.", "Karate began in Canada in the 1930s and 1940s as Japanese people immigrated to the country.", "Karate was practised quietly without a large amount of organization.", "During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadian families were moved to the interior of British Columbia.", "Masaru Shintani, at the age of 13, began to study Shorin-Ryu karate in the Japanese camp under Kitigawa.", "In 1956 after 9 years of training with Kitigawa, Shintani travelled to Japan and met Hironori Otsuka (Wado Ryu).", "In 1958 Otsuka invited Shintani to join his organization Wado Kai, and in 1969 he asked Shintani to officially call his style Wado.", "In Canada during this same time, karate was also introduced by Masami Tsuruoka who had studied in Japan in the 1940s under Tsuyoshi Chitose.", "In 1954 Tsuruoka initiated the first karate competition in Canada and laid the foundation for the National Karate Association.", "In the late 1950s Shintani moved to Ontario and began teaching karate and judo at the Japanese Cultural Centre in Hamilton.", "In 1966 he began (with Otsuka's endorsement) the Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation.", "During the 1970s Otsuka appointed Shintani the Supreme Instructor of Wado Kai in North America.", "In 1979, Otsuka publicly promoted Shintani to hachidan (8th dan) and privately gave him a kudan certificate (9th dan), which was revealed by Shintani in 1995.", "Shintani and Otsuka visited each other in Japan and Canada several times, the last time in 1980 two years prior to Otsuka's death.", "Shintani died May 7, 2000." ]

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[ "Sony Pictures Home Entertainment owns the rights to release DVDs in Region 1.", "The fifth season of the series was made available beginning February 7, 2012, exclusively as a made-on-demand release from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, in conjunction with amazon.com.", "Similarly, the sixth season received a MOD release from online retailers, on October 2, 2012.", "Paramount Pictures, in conjunction with CBS Home Entertainment, will start releasing the series on DVD internationally in 2011.", "Season One was released in the UK (Region 2 DVD) on April 4, 2011.", "Note: Following the events of Charlie Sheen’s departure from \"Two and a Half Men\", CBS ordered an additional two episodes for \"Rules of Engagement\"’s fifth season, bringing the total number of episodes to 26 from the initial 24 ordered.", "Despite the episodes, \"Scavenger Hunt\" and \"Cheating,\" airing during the sixth season, they were originally produced for the fifth season, and are included in the fifth season collection.", "Therefore, the sixth season’s DVD release features the 13 episodes produced over that time period, versus the 15 that were broadcast by CBS." ]

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[ "", "\"Gilmore Girls\" received an American Film Institute Award and two Viewers For Quality Television Awards, and was named New Program of the Year by the Television Critics Association.", "The show won an Emmy for its only nomination: 2004's Outstanding Makeup for a Series for the episode \"The Festival of Living Art\".", "The show's actors have received many awards for their work on the series.", "Graham won two Family Television Awards, and she won Teen Choice Award for Best TV Mom twice.", "Alexis Bledel won a Young Artist Award and a Family Television Award.", "The series also won a Family Television Award for New Series, and was named Best Family TV Drama Series by the Young Artist Awards." ]

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[ "Former president of entertainment at The CW, Dawn Ostroff, mentioned a spin-off idea in 2010 that she said could happen in a few years.", "A spin-off was in development for the 2011 fall line-up but, due to Kevin Williamson's commitment to \"The Secret Circle\", it was put on hold indefinitely.", "On January 11, 2013, it was announced that a back-door pilot focused on the Originals, starring Joseph Morgan as Klaus titled \"The Originals\" would air on 25 April for a potential series pick-up for the 2013–2014 season.", "This second spin-off attempt was carried out by Julie Plec with no involvement by Kevin Williamson.", "On April 26, 2013, The CW announced that \"The Originals\" had been ordered to series to premiere in the 2013–14 television season.", "\"The Originals\" premiered on October 3, 2013.", "Daniel Gillies as Elijah, Claire Holt as Rebekah and Phoebe Tonkin as Hayley will also continue to play their characters, originally from \"The Vampire Diaries\", in the new spin-off series." ]

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[ "The planning of radiation therapy treatment has been revolutionized by the ability to delineate tumors and adjacent normal structures in three dimensions using specialized CT and/or MRI scanners and planning software.", "Virtual simulation, the most basic form of planning, allows more accurate placement of radiation beams than is possible using conventional X-rays, where soft-tissue structures are often difficult to assess and normal tissues difficult to protect.", "An enhancement of virtual simulation is 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), in which the profile of each radiation beam is shaped to fit the profile of the target from a beam's eye view (BEV) using a multileaf collimator (MLC) and a variable number of beams.", "When the treatment volume conforms to the shape of the tumor, the relative toxicity of radiation to the surrounding normal tissues is reduced, allowing a higher dose of radiation to be delivered to the tumor than conventional techniques would allow.", "Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced type of high-precision radiation that is the next generation of 3DCRT.", "IMRT also improves the ability to conform the treatment volume to concave tumor shapes, for example when the tumor is wrapped around a vulnerable structure such as the spinal cord or a major organ or blood vessel.", "Computer-controlled x-ray accelerators distribute precise radiation doses to malignant tumors or specific areas within the tumor.", "The pattern of radiation delivery is determined using highly tailored computing applications to perform optimization and treatment simulation (Treatment Planning).", "The radiation dose is consistent with the 3-D shape of the tumor by controlling, or modulating, the radiation beam’s intensity.", "The radiation dose intensity is elevated near the gross tumor volume while radiation among the neighboring normal tissue is decreased or avoided completely.", "The customized radiation dose is intended to maximize tumor dose while simultaneously protecting the surrounding normal tissue.", "This may result in better tumor targeting, lessened side effects, and improved treatment outcomes than even 3DCRT.3DCRT is still used extensively for many body sites but the use of IMRT is growing in more complicated body sites such as CNS, head and neck, prostate, breast and lung.", "Unfortunately, IMRT is limited by its need for additional time from experienced medical personnel.", "This is because physicians must manually delineate the tumors one CT image at a time through the entire disease site which can take much longer than 3DCRT preparation.", "Then, medical physicists and dosimetrists must be engaged to create a viable treatment plan.", "Also, the IMRT technology has only been used commercially since the late 1990s even at the most advanced cancer centers, so radiation oncologists who did not learn it as part of their residency program must find additional sources of education before implementing IMRT.", "Proof of improved survival benefit from either of these two techniques over conventional radiation therapy (2DXRT) is growing for many tumor sites, but the ability to reduce toxicity is generally accepted.", "Both techniques enable dose escalation, potentially increasing usefulness.", "There has been some concern, particularly with IMRT, about increased exposure of normal tissue to radiation and the consequent potential for secondary malignancy.", "Overconfidence in the accuracy of imaging may increase the chance of missing lesions that are invisible on the planning scans (and therefore not included in the treatment plan) or that move between or during a treatment (for example, due to respiration or inadequate patient immobilization).", "New techniques are being developed to better control this uncertainty—for example, real-time imaging combined with real-time adjustment of the therapeutic beams.", "This new technology is called image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) or four-dimensional radiation therapy.", "Another technique is the real-time tracking and localization of one or more small implantable electric devices implanted inside or close to the tumor.", "There are various types of medical implantable devices that are used for this purpose.", "It can be a magnetic transponder which senses the magnetic field generated by several transmitting coils, and then transmits the measurements back to the positioning system to determine the location.", "The implantable device can also be a small wireless transmitter sending out an RF signal which then will be received by a sensor array and used for localization and real-time tracking of the tumor position." ]

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[ "In the free-electron laser (FEL), a relativistic electron beam passes through a pair of undulators that contain arrays of dipole magnets whose fields point in alternating directions.", "The electrons emit synchrotron radiation that coherently interacts with the same electrons to strongly amplify the radiation field at the resonance frequency.", "FEL can emit a coherent high-brilliance electromagnetic radiation with a wide range of frequencies, from microwaves to soft X-rays.", "These devices may find manufacturing, communication and various medical applications, such as soft tissue surgery.", "Electrons are important in cathode ray tubes, which have been extensively used as display devices in laboratory instruments, computer monitors and television sets.", "In a photomultiplier tube, every photon striking the photocathode initiates an avalanche of electrons that produces a detectable current pulse.", "Vacuum tubes use the flow of electrons to manipulate electrical signals, and they played a critical role in the development of electronics technology.", "However, they have been largely supplanted by solid-state devices such as the transistor." ]

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[ "The music video was filmed on May 10, 2013, in New Orleans, Louisiana, and premiered on May 31, 2013.", "The video features the band performing the song in a gloomy basement surrounded by hanging light bulbs – which is interspersed with scenes of several people in a Christian revival service.", "At the end of the video, one of the people in the service falls through the floor, coming through the ceiling of the room the band is performing in.", "The video also shows clips of an alligator crawling through the basement." ]

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[ "With the failure of the Battle of Moscow, all German plans of a quick defeat of the Soviet Union had to be revised.", "The Soviet counteroffensives in the winter of 1941 caused heavy casualties on both sides, but ultimately eliminated the German threat to Moscow.", "Nevertheless, despite this setback, the Soviet Union had suffered heavily from the loss of large parts of its army, allowing the Germans to mount another large-scale offensive in the summer of 1942, called Case Blue, now directed towards the oil fields of Baku.", "This offensive failed just as \"Barbarossa\" had: the Germans again conquered vast amounts of no-mans-land, but they had again failed to achieve their ultimate goals when they were defeated at Stalingrad.", "By then, the Soviet war economy was fully operational, so the Soviet Union was able to simply outproduce the Germans, who were not prepared for a long war of attrition.", "As a result, the Germans' last all-out offensive in 1943 at the battle of Kursk failed.", "After three years of constant warfare, the Germans were exhausted; thus the Soviets were finally able to defeat the Germans decisively in Operation \"Bagration\" during the summer of 1944.", "This led to a chain of Soviet victories which pushed the Germans back to Berlin in just one year, leading to the surrender of Germany on 8 May 1945." ]

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[ " at her Bath.", "Bathsheba at her Bath is the formal name for the subject in art showing Bathsheba bathing, watched by King David.", "As an opportunity to feature a large female nude as the focus of a history painting, the subject was popular from the Renaissance onwards.", "Sometimes Bathsheba's maids, or the \"messengers\" sent by David are shown, and often a distant David watching from his roof.", "The messengers are sometimes confused with David himself, but most artists follow the Bible in keeping David at a distance in this episode.", "Paintings with articles include: ", "Bathsheba at Her Bath (Rembrandt), Louvre, the most famous painting of the subject.", "Bathsheba at her Bath (Veronese), 1575, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, France.", "Atypically, Bathsheba is clothed in this." ]

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[ "A fajita (; ) is a term found in Tex-Mex cuisine, commonly referring to any grilled meat usually served as a taco on a flour or corn tortilla.", "The term originally referred to the cut of beef used in the dish which is known as skirt steak.", "Popular meats today also include chicken, pork, shrimp, and all cuts of beef.", "In restaurants, the meat is often cooked with onions and bell peppers.", "Popular condiments are shredded lettuce, sour cream, guacamole, salsa, pico de gallo, cheese, and tomato.", "The northern Mexican variant of the dish name is Arrachera." ]

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[ "The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer) is FIFA.", "The FIFA headquarters are located in Zurich.", "Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:", " Asia: Asian Football Confederation (AFC)", " Africa: Confederation of African Football (CAF)", " Europe: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)", " North/Central America & Caribbean: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)", " Oceania: Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)", " South America: Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol/Confederação Sul-americana de Futebol (South American Football Confederation; CONMEBOL)", "National associations oversee football within individual countries.", "These are generally synonymous with sovereign states, (for example: the Fédération Camerounaise de Football in Cameroon) but also include a smaller number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example the Scottish Football Association in Scotland).", "208 national associations are affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.", "While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the International Football Association Board, where each of the UK Associations has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes." ]

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[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "Tom Reid Mix Freestyle", "Big Bizzy Barney Beats", " Drake, featuring Lil Wayne & Tyga (Official remix)", " YG, Nipsey Hussle and Snoop Dogg", " Nelly (Released through the Mixtape O.E.MO)", " Jeremih", " Mario", " Young Jeezy and Freddie Gibbs", " Wale and Meek Mill", " Wiz Khalifa, Juicy J, Berner", " Nekfeu, Alpha Wann, Sneazzy West (1995) (France)" ]

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[ "The historian James Loewen is among those who assert that the United States purchased only France's claim to the Louisiana Territory, as the land belonged to the tribes who inhabited the area.", "In his view, the US acquired the lands slowly throughout the nineteenth century by purchases from individual Native American tribes and by wars against them.", "The question is discussed at length in the article on Aboriginal title in the United States, as well as in articles on the American Indian Wars and the U.S. Supreme Court case \"Johnson v. M'Intosh\"." ]

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[ " Cubbies", " Three sided football", " Triskelion" ]

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[ "Concepts and models used in evolutionary biology, such as natural selection, have many applications.", "Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms.", "This has been used for thousands of years in the domestication of plants and animals.", "More recently, such selection has become a vital part of genetic engineering, with selectable markers such as antibiotic resistance genes being used to manipulate DNA.", "Proteins with valuable properties have evolved by repeated rounds of mutation and selection (for example modified enzymes and new antibodies) in a process called directed evolution.", "Understanding the changes that have occurred during organism's evolution can reveal the genes needed to construct parts of the body, genes which may be involved in human genetic disorders.", "For example, the mexican tetra is an albino cavefish that lost its eyesight during evolution.", "Breeding together different populations of this blind fish produced some offspring with functional eyes, since different mutations had occurred in the isolated populations that had evolved in different caves.", "This helped identify genes required for vision and pigmentation.", "Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable of evolution.", "Viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancers evolve to be resistant to host immune defences, as well as pharmaceutical drugs.", "These same problems occur in agriculture with pesticide and herbicide resistance.", "It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics and predicting the evolution and evolvability of our pathogens and devising strategies to slow or circumvent it is requiring deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level.", "In computer science, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithms and artificial life started in the 1960s and was extended with simulation of artificial selection.", "Artificial evolution became a widely recognised optimisation method as a result of the work of Ingo Rechenberg in the 1960s.", "He used evolution strategies to solve complex engineering problems.", "Genetic algorithms in particular became popular through the writing of John Holland.", "Practical applications also include automatic evolution of computer programmes.", "Evolutionary algorithms are now used to solve multi-dimensional problems more efficiently than software produced by human designers and also to optimise the design of systems." ]

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[ 0 ]

[ "The scientist William Gilbert proposed, in his \"De Magnete\" (1600), that electricity and magnetism, while both capable of causing attraction and repulsion of objects, were distinct effects.", "Mariners had noticed that lightning strikes had the ability to disturb a compass needle, but the link between lightning and electricity was not confirmed until Benjamin Franklin's proposed experiments in 1752.", "One of the first to discover and publish a link between man-made electric current and magnetism was Romagnosi, who in 1802 noticed that connecting a wire across a voltaic pile deflected a nearby compass needle.", "However, the effect did not become widely known until 1820, when Ørsted performed a similar experiment.", "Ørsted's work influenced Ampère to produce a theory of electromagnetism that set the subject on a mathematical foundation.", "A theory of electromagnetism, known as classical electromagnetism, was developed by various physicists over the course of the 19th century, culminating in the work of James Clerk Maxwell, who unified the preceding developments into a single theory and discovered the electromagnetic nature of light.", "In classical electromagnetism, the electromagnetic field obeys a set of equations known as Maxwell's equations, and the electromagnetic force is given by the Lorentz force law.", "One of the peculiarities of classical electromagnetism is that it is difficult to reconcile with classical mechanics, but it is compatible with special relativity.", "According to Maxwell's equations, the speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant, dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space.", "This violates Galilean invariance, a long-standing cornerstone of classical mechanics.", "One way to reconcile the two theories (electromagnetism and classical mechanics) is to assume the existence of a luminiferous aether through which the light propagates.", "However, subsequent experimental efforts failed to detect the presence of the aether.", "After important contributions of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré, in 1905, Albert Einstein solved the problem with the introduction of special relativity, which replaces classical kinematics with a new theory of kinematics that is compatible with classical electromagnetism.", "(For more information, see History of special relativity.", ")In addition, relativity theory shows that in moving frames of reference a magnetic field transforms to a field with a nonzero electric component and vice versa; thus firmly showing that they are two sides of the same coin, and thus the term \"electromagnetism\".", "(For more information, see Classical electromagnetism and special relativity and Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism." ]

[ 2 ]

[ 9, 10 ]

[ "Although an air-cooled design was chosen for the reactor at Oak Ridge to facilitate rapid construction, it was recognized that this would be impractical for the much larger production reactors.", "Initial designs by the Metallurgical Laboratory and DuPont used helium for cooling, before they determined that a water-cooled reactor would be simpler, cheaper and quicker to build.", "The design did not become available until 4 October 1943; in the meantime, Matthias concentrated on improving the Hanford site by erecting accommodations, improving the roads, building a railway switch line, and upgrading the electricity, water and telephone lines.", "As at Oak Ridge, the most difficulty was encountered while canning the uranium slugs, which commenced at Hanford in March 1944.", "They were pickled to remove dirt and impurities, dipped in molten bronze, tin, and aluminum-silicon alloy, canned using hydraulic presses, and then capped using arc welding under an argon atmosphere.", "Finally, they were subjected to a series of tests to detect holes or faulty welds.", "Disappointingly, most canned slugs initially failed the tests, resulting in an output of only a handful of canned slugs per day.", "But steady progress was made and by June 1944 production increased to the point where it appeared that enough canned slugs would be available to start Reactor B on schedule in August 1944.", "Work began on Reactor B, the first of six planned 250 MW reactors, on 10 October 1943.", "The reactor complexes were given letter designations A through F, with B, D and F sites chosen to be developed first, as this maximised the distance between the reactors.", "They would be the only ones constructed during the Manhattan Project.", "Some of steel, of concrete, 50,000 concrete blocks and 71,000 concrete bricks were used to construct the high building.", "Construction of the reactor itself commenced in February 1944.", "Watched by Compton, Matthias, DuPont's Crawford Greenewalt, Leona Woods and Fermi, who inserted the first slug, the reactor was powered up beginning on 13 September 1944.", "Over the next few days, 838 tubes were loaded and the reactor went critical.", "Shortly after midnight on 27 September, the operators began to withdraw the control rods to initiate production.", "At first all appeared well but around 03:00 the power level started to drop and by 06:30 the reactor had shut down completely.", "The cooling water was investigated to see if there was a leak or contamination.", "The next day the reactor started up again, only to shut down once more.", "Fermi contacted Chien-Shiung Wu, who identified the cause of the problem as neutron poisoning from xenon-135, which has a half-life of 9.2 hours.", "Fermi, Woods, Donald J. Hughes and John Archibald Wheeler then calculated the nuclear cross section of xenon-135, which turned out to be 30,000 times that of uranium.", "Fortunately, DuPont engineer George Graves had deviated from the Metallurgical Laboratory's original design in which the reactor had 1,500 tubes arranged in a circle, and had added an additional 504 tubes to fill in the corners.", "The scientists had originally considered this overengineering a waste of time and money, but Fermi realized that by loading all 2,004 tubes, the reactor could reach the required power level and efficiently produce plutonium.", "Reactor D was started on 17 December 1944 and Reactor F on 25 February 1945." ]

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[ 0 ]

[ "Although the film was a modest hit for Atlantic Releasing Corporation, the film's critical reception was at best mixed.", "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 47% of 19 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 4.8 out of 10.", "Vincent Canby of \"The New York Times\" gave the film a negative review calling it \"aggressively boring\".", "He went on to say that \"the film is overacted by everybody except Mr. Fox, who is seen to far better advantage in \"Back to the Future\".\"" ]

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[ 3 ]

[ "Theoretical astrophysicists use a wide variety of tools which include analytical models (for example, polytropes to approximate the behaviors of a star) and computational numerical simulations.", "Each has some advantages.", "Analytical models of a process are generally better for giving insight into the heart of what is going on.", "Numerical models can reveal the existence of phenomena and effects that would otherwise not be seen.", "Theorists in astrophysics endeavor to create theoretical models and figure out the observational consequences of those models.", "This helps allow observers to look for data that can refute a model or help in choosing between several alternate or conflicting models.", "Theorists also try to generate or modify models to take into account new data.", "In the case of an inconsistency, the general tendency is to try to make minimal modifications to the model to fit the data.", "In some cases, a large amount of inconsistent data over time may lead to total abandonment of a model.", "Topics studied by theoretical astrophysicists include: stellar dynamics and evolution; galaxy formation and evolution; magnetohydrodynamics; large-scale structure of matter in the universe; origin of cosmic rays; general relativity and physical cosmology, including string cosmology and astroparticle physics.", "Astrophysical relativity serves as a tool to gauge the properties of large scale structures for which gravitation plays a significant role in physical phenomena investigated and as the basis for black hole (\"astro\")physics and the study of gravitational waves.", "Some widely accepted and studied theories and models in astrophysics, now included in the Lambda-CDM model are the Big Bang, Cosmic inflation, dark matter, dark energy and fundamental theories of physics.", "Wormholes are examples of hypotheses which are yet to be proven (or disproven)." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "It is the 32nd animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.", "The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa, and was influenced by the biblical tales of Joseph and Moses and the Shakespeare play \"Hamlet\".", "The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance.", "\"The Lion King\" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts and Linda Woolverton.", "The film features a large ensemble voice cast led by Matthew Broderick, Jeremy Irons, James Earl Jones, Jonathan Taylor Thomas and Moira Kelly.", "It tells the story of Simba, a young lion who is to succeed his father, Mufasa, as king; however, after Simba's uncle Scar murders Mufasa, Simba is fooled into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile in shame and despair.", "Upon maturation living with two wastrels, Simba is given some valuable perspective from his friend, Nala, and his shaman, Rafiki, before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny.", "Development of \"The Lion King\" began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider while promoting \"Oliver & Company\" in Europe.", "Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment, and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director, being later joined by Allers.", "Production began in 1991, with most of the animators inexperienced or uninterested in animals as most of the Disney team wanted to work on \"Pocahontas\" instead.", "Some time after the staff traveled to Hell's Gate National Park to research on the film's setting and animals, Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical, and was replaced by Minkoff.", "When Hahn joined the project, he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten.", "Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences took place at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida.", "Computer animation was also used in several scenes, most notably in the wildebeest stampede scene.", "\"The Lion King\" was released on June 15, 1994 to a positive reaction from critics, who praised the film for its music and story.", "Following a 3D re-release in 2011, with earnings of over US$987 million worldwide as of 2011, the film is the highest-grossing hand-drawn film in history, the highest-grossing 2D animated film in the United States and the 19th-highest-grossing feature film of all time.", "\"The Lion King\" garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.", "Its songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with an original score by Hans Zimmer.", "The film lead to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation, two direct-to-video follow-ups - sequel \"\" (1998) and the prequel/parallel \"The Lion King 1½\" (2004) - and spin-off series \"Timon and Pumbaa\"." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "In France, Belgium, New Orleans, Acadiana and the Congo, French toast is called \"pain perdu\", which means \"lost bread\" in French.", "It is called \"lost bread\" because it is a way to reclaim stale or \"lost\" bread.", "The hard bread is softened by dipping in a mixture of milk and eggs, and then fried.", "The bread is sliced on a bias and dipped into a mixture of egg, milk, sugar, cinnamon and vanilla.", "The slices are pan-fried in butter and traditionally dusted with powdered sugar and served with jam or syrup on the side.", "In New Orleans, \"pain perdu\" is a local variation of French toast and often shows up on menus as \"Lost Bread\".", "It is made from leftover New Orleans–style French bread.", "The bread resembles a French baguette, but has a crunchier exterior and a lighter interior and is usually fried in oil.", "It is eaten for breakfast in New Orleans.", "In France, \"pain perdu\" is considered to be a dessert, a breakfast as well as an afternoon tea snack (\"goûter\").", "In Quebec, French toast is called \"pain doré\", which means \"golden bread\"." ]

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[ 7 ]

[ "The elementary particles of the Standard Model include:", "Six \"flavors\" of quarks: up, down, bottom, top, strange, and charm;", "Six types of leptons: electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino;", "Twelve gauge bosons (force carriers): the photon of electromagnetism, the three W and Z bosons of the weak force, and the eight gluons of the strong force;", "The Higgs boson.", "Various extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of an elementary graviton particle and many other elementary particles.", "Composite subatomic particles (such as protons or atomic nuclei) are bound states of two or more elementary particles.", "For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, while the atomic nucleus of helium-4 is composed of two protons and two neutrons.", "Composite particles include all hadrons: these include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons (such as pions and kaons)." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 13 ]

[ "Basic rules and gameplay.", "The court.", "The squash court is a playing surface surrounded by four walls.", "The court surface contains a front line separating the front and back of the court and a half court line, separating the left and right hand sides of the back portion of the court, creating three 'boxes' - the front half, the back left quarter and the back right quarter.", "Both the back two boxes contain smaller service boxes.", "All of the floor-markings on a squash court are only relevant during serves.", "There are four walls to a squash court.", "The front wall, on which three parallel lines are marked, has the largest playing surface, whilst the back wall, which typically contains the entrance to the court, has the smallest.", "The out line runs along the top of the front wall, descending along the side walls to the back wall.", "There are no other markings on the side or back walls.", "Shots struck above or touching the out line, on any wall, are out.", "The bottom line of the front wall marks the top of the 'tin', a half metre-high metal area which if struck means that the ball is out.", "In this way the tin can be seen as analogous to the net in other racquet sports such as tennis.", "The middle line of the front wall is the service line and is only relevant during serves." ]

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[ 3 ]

[ "An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is illegal and is called a foul.", "These are most commonly committed by defensive players; however, they can be committed by offensive players as well.", "Players who are fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive one or more free throws if they are fouled in the act of shooting, depending on whether the shot was successful.", "One point is awarded for making a free throw, which is attempted from a line from the basket.", "The referee may use discretion in calling fouls (for example, by considering whether an unfair advantage was gained), sometimes making fouls controversial calls or no-calls.", "The calling of fouls can vary between games, leagues and even among referees.", "A player or coach who shows poor sportsmanship, such as by arguing with a referee or by fighting with another player, can be charged with a more serious foul called a technical foul.", "The penalty involves free throws (where, unlike a personal foul, the other team can choose any player to shoot) and varies among leagues.", "Repeated incidents can result in disqualification.", "A blatant foul involving physical contact that is either excessive or unnecessary is called an intentional foul (flagrant foul in the NBA).", "In FIBA, a foul resulting in ejection is called a disqualifying foul, while in leagues other than the NBA, such a foul is referred to as flagrant.", "If a team exceeds a certain limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) – four for NBA and international games – the opposing team is awarded one or two free throws on all subsequent non-shooting fouls for that period, the number depending on the league.", "In the US college and high school games, if a team reaches 7 fouls in a half, the opposing team is awarded one free throw, along with a second shot if the first is made.", "This is called shooting \"one-and-one\".", "If a team exceeds 10 fouls in the half, the opposing team is awarded two free throws on all subsequent fouls for the half.", "When a team shoots foul shots, the opponents may not interfere with the shooter, nor may they try to regain possession until the last or potentially last free throw is in the air.", "After a team has committed a specified number of fouls, it is said to be \"in the penalty\".", "On scoreboards, this is usually signified with an indicator light reading \"Bonus\" or \"Penalty\" with an illuminated directional arrow indicating that team is to receive free throws when fouled by the opposing team.", "(Some scoreboards also indicate the number of fouls committed.", ")If a team misses the first shot of a two-shot situation, the opposing team must wait for the completion of the second shot before attempting to reclaim possession of the ball and continuing play.", "If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is unsuccessful, the player is awarded a number of free throws equal to the value of the attempted shot.", "A player fouled while attempting a regular two-point shot, then, receives two shots.", "A player fouled while attempting a three-point shot, on the other hand, receives three shots.", "If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is successful, typically the playerwill be awarded one additional free throw for one point.", "In combination with a regularshot, this is called a \"three-point play\" or \"four-point play\" (or more colloquially, an \"and one\") because of the basket made at the time of the foul (2 or 3 points) and the additional free throw (1 point)." ]

[ 5 ]

[ 2 ]

[ "On 15 July 2011, the song finished third in the 2011 Vanda & Young Songwriting Competition, with the winning song, \"Cameo Lover\", by Kimbra.", "Earlier that year, Gotye had first noticed Kimbra when both were short-listed as finalists for the competition.", "At the ARIA Music Awards of 2011, \"Somebody That I Used To Know\" won Single of the Year, Best Pop Release, Best Video (for Natasha Pincus), Engineer of the Year (for François Tétaz) and Producer of the Year (for Gotye).", "Gotye also won Best Male Artist for the song while Kimbra won Best Female Artist for her previous single, \"Cameo Lover\".", "At the APRA Music Awards of 2012, \"Somebody That I Used To Know\" won Most Played Australian Work and Song of the Year and Gotye won Songwriter of the Year.", "It is also nominated at the 2012 Teen Choice Awards for \"Choice Rock Song\" and \"Choice Break-Up Song\".", "The song was nominated at the 55th Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, winning both awards." ]

[ 3 ]

[ 2 ]

[ "Use in motion pictures.", "The production and consumption of ramen was a large part of the 1985 Japanese comedy film \"Tampopo\" by director Juzo Itami.", "Two truck drivers, Goro and Gun (Tsutomu Yamazaki and Ken Watanabe), help the widowed Tampopo (Nobuko Miyamoto) with her failing ramen shop.", "Food in every aspect of life is the overarching theme, but the art of good ramen is touched upon several times throughout the film as Goro and Gun help her learn how to make the best ramen." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "Concept artist Tully Summers commented on Nolan's style of cinematography when asked about the difference between his designs for this film and fantasy-based designs for \"Men in Black 3\": \"The difference for me was Christopher Nolan's visual style.", "One of the things that makes his Batman movies so compelling is their tone of plausibility.", "He will often prefer a raw, grittier design over one that is very sleek and product design pretty.", "It's sort of a practical military aesthetic.", "This stuff is made to work, not impress shoppers.", "\"The Dark Knight Rises\" is a war film.\"", "Producer Emma Thomas stated this Batman film has a different visual aesthetic from the first two Nolan-directed features, explaining that \"it's meant to be winter in Gotham, so that right there is going to lend a whole different look to the film.", "\"The film introduces a vehicle that has been compared with the Batplane, dubbed \"the Bat\".", "In designing the Bat, Nathan Crowley approached it as if it were an actual military project, emphasising the need for it to \"fit into the same family\" as the Tumbler and the Batpod.", "The final version of the Bat takes its design cues from the Harrier Jump Jet, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey and the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Chris Corbould described the Bat's size and shape as presenting a major challenge for filming given Christopher Nolan's emphasis on practical effects over computer-generated imagery.", "In order to make the Bat \"fly\", it was variously supported by wires, suspended from cranes and helicopters, and mounted on a purpose-built vehicle with hydraulic controls to simulate movement.", "When designing the Batcave set, Crowley and fellow production designer Kevin Kavanaugh hit upon the idea of flooding the Batcave and having Batman's equipment, the Batsuit and a supercomputer rise from the water.", "Another set was designed at Cardington as an \"underground prison\", a rough-hewn labyrinth of stone cells in a vast abyss with a vertical shaft leading to the surface.", "Exteriors above the prison were filmed in Jodhpur, India, chosen because the \"forbidding landscape added to the desolation\"." ]

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[ " bars.", "A juice bar is an establishment that primarily serves prepared juice beverages such as freshly squeezed or extracted fruit juices, juice blends, fruit smoothies (a thick fruit drink, often iced), or other juices such as fresh wheatgrass juice.", "Sometimes other solid ingredients or nutritional supplements may be added as boosters, such as fresh bananas, eggs, nuts or nut butter, bodybuilding supplements, soy protein powder or others such as whey or hemp protein powders, wheat germ, or Spirulina (dietary supplement) or Chlorella.", "Also if less juice is used with these same ingredients drinks called health shakes may be produced.", "Juice bars share some of the characteristics of a coffeehouse, a soda fountain, a café, and a snack bar.", "Juice bars may be stand alone businesses in cities, or located at gyms, along commuter areas, near lunch time areas, at beaches, and at tourist attractions.", "In Mexico, juice bars have become more popular in recent times.", "Mexican juice bars will often sell healthy beverages and snacks that are popular in Mexico." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 0 ]

[ "The music video for \"Sexy and I Know It\" was filmed in Venice, California, and uploaded on LMFAO's YouTube channel on September 16, 2011.", "It features Redfoo and a group of men including Hok from Quest Crew, The Shuffle Bot, and Q dancing around town in Speedos in front of women.", "In several scenes it shows Redfoo lifting weights.", "Chelsea Korka, Ron Jeremy, Wilmer Valderrama, Alistair Overeem, Victor Kim, Steve Terada, Jamie Foxx, Lola Blanc, Ryan Conferido, Hokuto \"Hok\" Konishi, Roseanne Barr, Ryan Feng of Quest Crew, Mindy Robinson of \"Take Me Out\", Angelo Marconi, Darren Mabee, Darla George, and Simon Rex all have cameos in the video.", "One of the more memorable scenes is that of Redfoo, Q, the Shuffle Bot, and members of Quest Crew having a \"wiggle off\" with the \"@SkysNuts\" group.", "After the wiggle off, it shows Redfoo taking off his speedo with another one under it and SkyBlu getting a baseball bat and trying to hit Redfoo with it.", "After that, a variety of people from throughout the video are seen walking down a table surrounded by a crowd doing various things, along with people taking off their pants, dancing, and a man shaking his abdomen.", "The music video on YouTube was flagged for sexual content.", "The final shot of the video pays homage to the final shot of Michael Jackson's \"Thriller\" video: it shows the Shuffle Bot leaving with the girls while it turns its head towards the camera behind it and the image freezes." ]

[ 0 ]

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[ "The assassination evoked stunned reactions worldwide.", "Before the President's death was announced, the first hour after the shooting was a time of great confusion.", "Taking place during the Cold War, it was at first unclear whether the shooting might be part of a larger attack upon the U.S., and whether Vice-President Lyndon Johnson, who had been riding two cars behind in the motorcade, was safe.", "The news shocked the nation.", "People wept openly and gathered in department stores to watch the television coverage, while others prayed.", "Traffic in some areas came to a halt as the news spread from car to car.", "Schools across the U.S. dismissed their students early.", "Anger against Texas and Texans was reported from some individuals.", "Various Cleveland Browns fans, for example, carried signs at the next Sunday's home game against the Dallas Cowboys decrying the city of Dallas as having \"killed the President\".", "The event left a lasting impression on many Americans.", "As with the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor before it and the September 11, 2001 attacks after it, asking \"Where were you when you heard about President Kennedy's assassination\" would become a common topic of discussion." ]

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[ 16 ]

[ "There are wide variations in both thickness and shape for udon noodles.", " Inaniwa udon (稲庭うどん): a thin type from Akita Prefecture.", " Mimi udon (耳うどん, literally \"ear udon\"): a lucky preserved food in Kuzu, Tochigi.", "It looks similar to ears.", " Himokawa (ひもかわ): an extreme flat and wide type from Kiryū, Gunma.", " Hōtō (rarely 餺飥, commonly ほうとう): a flat and wide type, usually cooked with vegetables, particularly Japanese \"kabocha\" squash, from Yamanashi Prefecture.", " Kishimen (棊子麺, or more commonly きし麺): a flat type from the Nagoya.", " Ise udon (伊勢うどん): a soft type, usually eaten with sweet soy sauce, from Ise, Mie.", " In Kansai region, a soft and medium thickness type is popular.", " Sanuki udon (讃岐うどん): a thick and rather stiff type from Kagawa Prefecture.", " Hakata udon (博多うどん): a thick and soft type from the Fukuoka.", " Dango-jiru (団子汁): similar to the above \"Hohtoh\", from Ōita Prefecture.", "Nominally a \"dumpling soup\", it resembles very thick, flat udon.", " Okinawa soba (沖縄そば): also called \"suba\", a regional Okinawan noodle made by adding some vegetal ash to the flour, similar to how ramen is made.", "However, it is very similar to udon.", " There is also a dish called \"udon\" in Palau, because of the former Japanese administration.", "The broth is soy sauce–based like Japanese udon.", "However, as there were many immigrants from Okinawa, it uses less broth like Okinawa soba.", "Most notably, the noodle is that of spaghetti, as it is easier to acquire there." ]

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[ 5 ]

[ "The song is included on the rhythm game \"Rock Band 3\" as the hardest song for Guitar and one of the hardest songs for Band.", "It was previously featured as the final song of \"Guitar Hero II\" and again in '.", "It is also featured in ' on the radio station K-DST.", "An all-star band performed the song to conclude the final episode of \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\".", "Will Ferrell sang lead vocals, backed by Beck, ZZ Top's Billy Gibbons, Ben Harper, and O'Brien himself on guitar, drummer Max Weinberg and the rest of the shows house band.", "Ferrell also played Cowbell.", "Some commentators found the lyrics especially resonant due to Conan's decision to leave the show rather than allow it to be aired in a later time slot.", "The song is featured in the movie \"Forrest Gump\", in the scene where Jenny contemplates suicide, and in the climax of the movie \"Duets\", before Reggie sacrifices his life.", "It is also prominently featured in the finale of Rob Zombie's second film, \"The Devil's Rejects\" and in the film \"Cars\".", "The song is played by a band called Ruckus (mainly members of My Morning Jacket) in the movie \"Elizabethtown\".", "The song is featured in \"That 70's Show\" Season 1 Episode 19 \"Prom Night\", \"Freaks and Geeks\" episode 12: \"The Garage Door\", and\"Six Feet Under\" Season 2 Episode 8 \"It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year\"The song is played throughout My Name is Earl Season 2 Episode 20 \"Two Balls, Two Strikes\"The song is referenced in The Band Perry's song \"Double Heart\" off of their self-titled debut album.", "Pop group \"Will to Power\" included the song on their 1988 hit, \"Baby, I Love Your Way/Freebird Medley\" which went to #1 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart.", "The song is used in the \"King of the Hill\" episode \"Tankin' It to the Streets,\" when a distraught, inebriated Bill steals an Army tank.", "He sings part of the song while in the tank, moments before Hank, Dale, and Boomhauer go into the tank to talk him into taking the tank back to the army base.", "He also hums the same part at the end.", "The song is referenced in the \"Gilmore Girls\" episode \"A Deep-Fried Korean Thanksgiving\", season 3 episode 9.", "Lorelai suggests the song to the piano player at her parents' Thanksgiving party.", "A segment of the Blue Man Group theatrical show requires a member of the audience to shout out for a request of this song." ]

[ 0 ]

[ 1 ]

[ "Around two dozen of the 92 naturally occurring chemical elements are essential to various kinds of biological life.", "Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life (exceptions being selenium and iodine), while a few common ones (aluminum and titanium) are not used.", "Most organisms share element needs, but there are a few differences between plants and animals.", "For example ocean algae use bromine but land plants and animals seem to need none.", "All animals require sodium, but some plants do not.", "Plants need boron and silicon, but animals may not (or may need ultra-small amounts).", "Just six elements—carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus—make up almost 99% of the mass of a human body (see composition of the human body for a complete list).", "In addition to the six major elements that compose most of the human body, humans require smaller amounts of possibly 18 more." ]

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[ "Soviet historiography of the October Revolution is intertwined with Soviet historical development.", "Many of the initial Soviet interpreters of the Revolution were themselves Bolshevik revolutionaries.", "(For example, the revolutionary Leon Trotsky wrote a major narrative of the October Revolution.)", "After the initial wave of revolutionary narratives, Soviet historians worked within “narrow guidelines” defined by the Soviet government.", "The rigidity of interpretive possibilities reached its height under Joseph Stalin.", "Soviet historians of the October Revolution interpreted the Revolution so as to establish the legitimacy of Marxist ideology, and also the Bolshevik regime.", "To establish the accuracy of Marxist ideology, Soviet historians generally described the Revolution as the product of class struggle.", "They maintained that the Revolution was the supreme event in a world history governed by historical laws.", "The Bolshevik Party is placed at the center of the Revolution, exposing the errors of both the moderate Provisional Government and the spurious “socialist” Mensheviks in the Petrograd Soviet.", "Guided by Vladimir Lenin's leadership and his firm grasp of scientific Marxist theory, the Party led the “logically predetermined” events of the October Revolution from beginning to end.", "The events were, according to these historians, logically predetermined because of the socio-economic development of Russia, where the monopoly industrial capitalism alienated the masses.", "In this view, the Bolshevik party took the leading role in organizing these alienated industrial workers, and thereby established the construction of the first socialist state.", "Although Soviet historiography of the October Revolution stayed relatively constant until 1991, it did undergo some changes.", "Following Stalin’s death, historians such as E. N. Burdzhalov and P. V. Volobuev published historical research that deviated significantly from the party line in refining the doctrine that the Bolshevik victory “was predetermined by the state of Russia’s socio-economic development”.", "These historians, who comprised the “New Directions Group”, posited that the complex nature of the October Revolution “could only be explained by a multi-causal analysis, not by recourse to the mono-causality of monopoly capitalism”.", "For them, the central actor is still the Bolshevik party, but this party triumphed “because it alone could solve the preponderance of ‘general democratic’ tasks the country faced” (such as the struggle for peace, the exploitation of landlords, and so on.", ")During the late Soviet period, the opening of select Soviet archives during glasnost sparked innovative research that broke away from some aspects of Marxism-Leninism, though the key features of the orthodox Soviet view remained intact." ]

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[ "Pond hockey is a form of ice hockey played generally as pick-up hockey on lakes, ponds and artificial outdoor rinks during the winter.", "Pond hockey is commonly referred to in hockey circles as shinny.", "Its rules differ from traditional hockey because there is no hitting and very little shooting, placing a greater emphasis on skating, puckhandling and passing abilities.", "Since 2002, the World Pond Hockey Championship has been played on Roulston Lake in Plaster Rock, New Brunswick, Canada.", "Since 2006, the U.S. Pond Hockey Championships have been played in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the Canadian National Pond Hockey Championships have been played in Huntsville, Ontario." ]

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[ "Today the Grand Bazaar is a thriving complex, employing 26,000 people visited by between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily, and one of the major landmarks of Istanbul.", "It must compete with modern shopping malls common in Istanbul, but its beauty and fascination represent a formidable advantage for it.", "The head of the Grand Bazaar Artisans Association claimed that the complex was in 2011 - the year of its 550th birthday - the most visited monument in the world.", "A restoration project starting in 2012 should renew its infrastructure, heating and lighting systems.", "Moreover, the \"han\"s inside the Market will be renovated and later additions will be demolished.", "This project should finally solve the big problems of the market: for example, in the whole Bazaar there is no proper toilet facility.", "Moreover, the lacks of controls in the past years allowed many dealers to remove columns and skive walls in their shops to gain space: This, together with the substitution of lead (stolen in the last years) with concrete on the market's roof, has created a great hazard when the earthquake expected in Istanbul in the next years will occur.", "The Grand Bazaar is opened each day except Sundays and bank holidays from 9:00 until 19:00." ]

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[ "The term lipid composes a diverse range of molecules and to some extent is a catchall for relatively water-insoluble or nonpolar compounds of biological origin, including waxes, fatty acids, fatty-acid derived phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and terpenoids (e.g., retinoids and steroids).", "Some lipids are linear aliphatic molecules, while others have ring structures.", "Some are aromatic, while others are not.", "Some are flexible, while others are rigid.", "Most lipids have some polar character in addition to being largely nonpolar.", "In general, the bulk of their structure is nonpolar or hydrophobic (\"water-fearing\"), meaning that it does not interact well with polar solvents like water.", "Another part of their structure is polar or hydrophilic (\"water-loving\") and will tend to associate with polar solvents like water.", "This makes them amphiphilic molecules (having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions).", "In the case of cholesterol, the polar group is a mere -OH (hydroxyl or alcohol).", "In the case of phospholipids, the polar groups are considerably larger and more polar, as described below.", "Lipids are an integral part of our daily diet.", "Most oils and milk products that we use for cooking and eating like butter, cheese, ghee etc., are composed of fats.", "Vegetable oils are rich in various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).", "Lipid-containing foods undergo digestion within the body and are broken into fatty acids and glycerol, which are the final degradation products of fats and lipids." ]

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[ "Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)Last Man Standing is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen and Nancy Travis that currently airs on ABC.", "The series premiered on October 11, 2011.", "This is the second sitcom Allen starred in for ABC, the first being \"Home Improvement\".", "On May 11, 2012, the series was renewed for a second season that premiered on November 2, 2012.", "On May 10, 2013, ABC renewed \"Last Man Standing\" for a third season.", "It premiered on September 20, 2013." ]

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[ "Early life (1928–1949).", "Andy Warhol (né Andrej Varhola, Jr.) was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "He was the fourth child of Andrej Varhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889–1942) and Júlia (née Zavacká, 1892–1972), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. Andy had two older brothers, Paul (born June 26, 1922) and John Warhola (May 31, 1925 – December 24, 2010).", "His parents were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó (now called Miková), located in today's northeastern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.", "Warhol's father immigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhol's grandparents.", "Warhol's father worked in a coal mine.", "The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh.", "The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church.", "Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol (Paul), the oldest, was born before the family emigrated; Ján was born in Pittsburgh.", "Pavol's son, James Warhola, became a successful children's book illustrator.", "About 1939, he started to collect autographed cards of film stars.", "In third grade, Warhol had Sydenham's chorea (also known as St. Vitus' Dance), the nervous system disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever which causes skin pigmentation blotchiness.", "He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors.", "Often bedridden as a child, he became an outcast at school and bonded with his mother.", "At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed.", "Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences.", "When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident.", "As a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in 1945.", "After graduating from high school, his intentions were to study art education at the University of Pittsburgh in the hope of becoming an art teacher, but his plans changed and he enrolled in the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, where he studied commercial art.", "In 1949, he moved to New York City and began a career in magazine illustration and advertising.", "In 1949, he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in pictorial design." ]

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[ "As Europeans developed a taste for tea in the 17th century, rival companies were formed to import the product from China.", "In England, Parliament gave the East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea in 1698.", "When tea became popular in the British colonies, Parliament sought to eliminate foreign competition by passing an act in 1721 that required colonists to import their tea only from Great Britain.", "The East India Company did not export tea to the colonies; by law, the company was required to sell its tea wholesale at auctions in England.", "British firms bought this tea and exported it to the colonies, where they resold it to merchants in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston.", "Until 1767, the East India Company paid an \"ad valorem\" tax of about 25% on tea that it imported into Great Britain.", "Parliament laid additional taxes on tea sold for consumption in Britain.", "These high taxes, combined with the fact that tea imported into Holland was not taxed by the Dutch government, meant that Britons and British Americans could buy smuggled Dutch tea at much cheaper prices.", "The biggest market for illicit tea was England—by the 1760s the East India Company was losing £400,000 per year to smugglers in Great Britain—but Dutch tea was also smuggled into British America in significant quantities.", "In 1767, to help the East India Company compete with smuggled Dutch tea, Parliament passed the Indemnity Act, which lowered the tax on tea consumed in Great Britain, and gave the East India Company a refund of the 25% duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies.", "To help offset this loss of government revenue, Parliament also passed the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767, which levied new taxes, including one on tea, in the colonies.", "Instead of solving the smuggling problem, however, the Townshend duties renewed a controversy about Parliament's right to tax the colonies." ]

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[ "Digital download", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" – 4:04", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" (Radio Mix) – 3:33", "Digital download – Remix", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" – 4:33", "7\" Vinyl single", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" – 4:04", " \"Bronte\" – 3:13", "CD single", " \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" – 4:04", " \"Easy Way Out\" – 1:57" ]

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[ "Although it is said that Brian Epstein had encouraged Lennon and McCartney to write a song to appeal to American listeners this has been denied by George Martin.", "McCartney had recently moved into 57 Wimpole Street, London, where he was living as a guest of Dr Richard and Margaret Asher, whose daughter, actress Jane Asher, had become McCartney’s girlfriend after meeting him earlier in the year.", "This location briefly became Lennon and McCartney's new writing base, taking over from McCartney’s Forthlin Road home in Liverpool.", "Margaret Asher taught the oboe in the \"small, rather stuffy music room\" in the basement where Lennon and McCartney sat at the piano and composed 'I Want to Hold Your Hand'.", "In September 1980, Lennon told \"Playboy\" magazine:In 1994, McCartney agreed with Lennon's description of the circumstances surrounding the composition of \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\", saying:" ]

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[ "The Depression-era understanding of the painting as a depiction of an authentically American scene prompted the first well-known parody, a 1942 photo by Gordon Parks of cleaning woman Ella Watson, shot in Washington, D.C.\"American Gothic\" is one of the few paintings to achieve iconic cultural status, along with Leonardo da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" and Edvard Munch's \"The Scream\".", "It is thus one of the most reproduced – and parodied – images ever made.", "Many artists have replaced the two people with other known couples and replaced the house with well-known houses.", "References and parodies of the image have been numerous for generations, appearing regularly in such media as postcards, magazines, animated cartoons, advertisements, comic books, album covers, television shows and other artists.", "The opening credits of the 1965 television show \"Green Acres\" had the main couple in an American Gothic-style pose; cinematic posters of the films \"For Richer or Poorer\", \"Son In Law\", \"American Gothic\", and \"Good Fences\" parody the painting.", "It is also a key motif in Anthony Weigh's play \"2,000 Feet Away\", which opens with a scene featuring the painting at the Art Institute.", "The painting was also parodied in a classic commercial for \"New Country Corn Flakes\", a General Mills product.", "A sculpture entitled \"God Bless America\" by sculptor John Seward Johnson II that features the \"American Gothic\" couple went on display in Chicago, Illinois, just south of the Tribune Tower on the Magnificent Mile of Michigan Avenue, in December 2008 but has been removed as of February 26, 2010.", "The sculpture was displayed in Dubuque, Iowa at the Figge Art Museum and is now on the campus of Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa until at least December 31, 2013.", "Postcards mimicking the couple with sitting US Presidents, Presidential nominees, and their spouses are popular commercial products.", "Ohio State Buckeyes football games feature the painting on their scoreboard; within a few seconds of its display, the man's eyes bug out and his tongue wags.", "A 1963 \"Saturday Evening Post\" cover featured the cast of \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" in a parody of American Gothic with \"Irene Ryan\" and \"Buddy Ebsen\" posing like the 2 people in the painting flanked by \"Max Baer\" and \"Donna Douglas\" at their sides.", "David Ackles borrowed the title for his 1973 \"American Gothic\" album, as did The Smashing Pumpkins for their 2008 EP \"American Gothic\" and a 1995 television horror series created by Shaun Cassidy.", "Elton John and RuPaul portray the couple on the video for a rerecording of \"Don't Go Breaking My Heart\" released in 1994.", "Astrovamps parodied the painting on the cover of their album, \"American Gothik\".", "The Ma and Pa couple at the beginning of the \"Doctor Who\" episode \"Gridlock\" are fashioned in the style of the couple in the painting.", "The \"American Gothic\" couple have even been reinterpreted as Living Dead Dolls twice, in 2004 and 2009.", "In the opening scene of \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\", Richard O'Brien and Patricia Quinn appear as a farmer and his wife in parody of \"American Gothic\".", "They are joined by a daughter dressed in the same fashion.", "The painting is also seen on the wall in the castle during the song \"Time Warp\" as well as it is seen in the sequel \"Shock Treatment\"In the episode of \"The Simpsons\", \"Bart Gets an Elephant\", the Simpsons are revealed to evidently have the original \"American Gothic\" painting hanging on their living room wall.", "Bart unwittingly scrubs it while cleaning the house, and rubs off all the paint.", "Underneath, it reads \"If you can read this, you scrubbed too hard.", "Signed, Grant Wood.", "\"In the scene where Mulan's ancestors awaken Mushu in \"Mulan\", two of the ancestors appear as a parody of the farmer and his daughter, representing traditional values.", "The painting and its process of creation was parodied in a \"Saturday Night Live\" episode, which aired November 10, 2012, with host Anne Hathaway as Nan Wood Graham, Jason Sudeikis as Dr. Byron McKeeby, Tarran Killam as Grant Wood, and Kenan Thompson as a tour guide at The Art Institute of Chicago." ]

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[ "Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players.", "Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s.", "By 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women's Basketball (later renamed the International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed.", "As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions.", "Games are played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings at each end.", "Each team attempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court and shooting it through its goal ring.", "Players are assigned specific positions, which define their roles within the team and restrict their movement to certain areas of the court.", "During general play, a player with the ball can hold onto it for only three seconds before shooting for a goal or passing to another player.", "The winning team is the one that scores the most goals.", "Netball games are 60 minutes long.", "Variations have been developed to increase the game's pace and appeal to a wider audience.", "Netball is most popular in Commonwealth nations, specifically in schools, and is predominantly played by women.", "According to the INF, netball is played by more than 20 million people in more than 80 countries.", "Major transnational competitions take place, including the Netball Superleague in Great Britain and the ANZ Championship in Australia and New Zealand.", "Three major competitions take place internationally: the quadrennial World Netball Championships, the Commonwealth Games, and the yearly World Netball Series.", "In 1995, netball became an International Olympic Committee recognised sport." ]

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[ "Forrest Gump is a 1994 American epic romantic comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom.", "The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and starred Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise and Sally Field.", "The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump, a naïve and slow-witted yet athletically prodigious native of Alabama who witnesses, and in some cases influences, some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century in the United States; more specifically, the period between Forrest's birth in 1944 and 1982.", "The film differs substantially from Winston Groom's novel on which it is based, including Gump's personality and several events that were depicted.", "Filming took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.", "Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate the protagonist into archived footage and to develop other scenes.", "A comprehensive soundtrack was featured in the film, using music intended to pinpoint specific time periods portrayed on screen.", "Its commercial release made it a top-selling soundtrack, selling over 12 million copies worldwide.", "Released in the United States on July 6, 1994, \"Forrest Gump\" received critical acclaim and became a commercial success as the top grossing film in North America released that year, being the first major success for Paramount Pictures since the studio's sale to Viacom earlier in the year.", "The film earned over $677 million worldwide during its theatrical run.", "The film won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director for Robert Zemeckis, Best Actor for Tom Hanks, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Visual Effects and Best Film Editing.", "It also garnered multiple other awards and nominations, including Golden Globe Awards, People's Choice Awards and Young Artist Awards, among others.", "Since the film's release, varying interpretations have been made of the film's protagonist and its political symbolism.", "In 1996, a themed restaurant, Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, opened based on the film, and has since expanded to multiple locations worldwide.", "The scene of Gump running across the country is often referred to when real-life people attempt the feat.", "In 2011, the Library of Congress selected \"Forrest Gump\" for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"." ]

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[ "By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation.", "Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways.", "Today, the country has a road network, of which almost are part of system of 44 motorways.", "Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5).", "But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented.", "In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways.", "On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde.", "Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.", "Continental Portugal's territory is serviced by three international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja.", "Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country.", "The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country.", "The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity.", "Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.", "A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal.", "Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the of railway lines currently in service, of which are electrified and about allow train speeds greater than .", "The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses (CP), both public companies.", "In 2006 the CP carried 133 million passengers and of goods.", "The major seaports are located in Sines, Lisbon, Leixões, Setúbal, Aveiro, Figueira da Foz, and Faro.", "The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and \"Metro Sul do Tejo\" in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area, each with more than of lines.", "In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the \"Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa\" (Carris), for over a century.", "In Porto, a tram network, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the Douro remain, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the Iberian Peninsula).", "All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services." ]

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