Datasets:

ruliad

/

fineweb_edu_100BT_chunk_17

like 0

Heat-related deaths in New York City could soar in coming decades because of climate change if preventive measures aren’t taken, a new study indicates. The researchers predict over 3,300 heat-related deaths a year in New York City by the 2080s. But the majority of deaths could be averted by reducing fossil-fuel emissions (from coal, natural gas and oil) and using heat warnings and public cooling centers, according to study author Elisaveta Petkova, of Columbia University, and colleagues. “We know climate change is creating more days of extreme heat, putting more people at risk for death in the coming decades,” Petkova, a project director at Columbia’s Earth Institute in New York City, said in a university news release. “Our study shows that many of these deaths can be averted by limiting greenhouse gas emissions and pursuing measures to help people adapt to high temperatures,” she added. The research team’s predictions are based on more than a century of temperature, population and death data for New York City, along with climate projections for the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s. With air conditioning already prevalent, other steps may be necessary to ward off the deadly effects of heat waves. Programs to install reflective roofs, plant trees and protect residents who are especially vulnerable to high temperatures could boost the city’s heat resilience, the scientists suggested. A report by the New York City Panel on Climate Change predicts that, by the 2080s, average temperatures in the city may be similar to Norfolk, Va., today. The number of days with a maximum temperature at or above 90 or 100 degrees Fahrenheit is expected to more than triple by the 2080s. Petkova is a member of the panel. The study was published online June 23 in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. The World Health Organization has more on climate change and health.

<urn:uuid:ea152652-4cf5-4516-aecd-338cfaf9b774>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://healthjunior.com/2016/06/24/3300-heat-deaths-a-year-projected-for-nyc-by-2080/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

The Power of Voice: Oracy as a Tool for Equity through Education Lead Author: Sally Apps, Executive Principal Cabot Learning Federation Twenty years ago this month I had an interview for a place on an English PGCE. As part of the interview I was asked to look at a poem and come prepared to talk about how I would teach it. I don’t remember much about the experience, in all honesty, but I can vividly remember the part where I was asked to bring to life Tom Leonard’s Six O Clock News, with its phonetic spelling of Glaswegian dialect, and the discussion that ensued about class, the status of language and Standard English. I remember talking about code switching, about the powerful weapon that is language by which we can be either emancipated or oppressed. I remember talking about the fact that teenagers love a conspiracy, and that my teaching of that poem would aim to open up with them the dialogue about the nature of class, dialect and power. I can remember speaking with passion about the fact that I wanted to use my life to help young people to discover their voices and to be alert to how others around them were using theirs, having influence upon them through mastery of language. “I don’t want them to be fooled and pushed around all their lives – I want them to understand how language is used on them and I want them to know how to wield that power for themselves – and to do something good with it.” I remember the beginnings of a smile flitting across the face of the tutor as he caught the eye of the other panel member and feeling that I had probably said the right thing – which was helpful, because on this hung the beginnings of a career first as an English teacher and then as a school leader that has throughout been underpinned by this deeply held belief. Taking the lead on our collaborative work around disadvantage across a trust of 12,000 children has brought into sharp relief for me the concept of language, power and voice. The launch of our more focused work together on this topic occurred through a 20-minute film bringing together the voices of young people experiencing disadvantage, talking about what helps and what hinders them at school. It also included the voices of adults who had experienced disadvantage as younger people – and together it has been these voices that have been amplified as we have worked together to address the insidious effects of disadvantage on educational attainment in our trust. It has been important to us that before we have begun to work on behalf of disadvantage, we have truly listened to the voices of disadvantage, taking the lead from them in our work as an organisation. Three Key Areas Our trust-wide disadvantage strategy focuses upon three critical areas: oracy, belonging and Benevolent Childhood Experiences. These themes were chosen because together they thread through and around the school and life experiences of children who matter to us. It is a painful truth that they seem to matter less to an inequitable society. By working intentionally on their sense of belonging to themselves, their communities and their schools, by counteracting adverse experiences with positive ones and by creating environments that nurture talk as a powerful tool for learning, we can equip them to navigate this profoundly sad truth, and ultimately to change it. Hashi Mohamed, in his book People Like Us: What It Takes to Make it in Modern Britain, powerfully outlines this inequality and the alienating effects of social immobility. It is still, to date, the best book I have read on the topic. I cannot recommend highly enough that you read it. It will challenge you, entertain you, break your heart and steel your resolve. In his book he describes a time when he was homeless aged 18 and engaging with the charity Centrepoint in Soho, London. At the time the system involved proactively calling around hostels to secure a place for the night, for the next two weeks, then for the next six months and so on. He noticed that: “Many of these young people lacked the confidence to make the calls in the first place, or to insist that they should be considered, or they couldn’t explain why they needed the bed in a way that made sense of the busy people on the other end of the phone. Despite the fact that they were vulnerable, they weren’t getting anywhere.” This rings so true with other experiences, for example with the extraordinary organisation that is the Citizens Advice Bureau – it is often the case that those most in need of support and advocacy are those least able to articulate it, to know who to ask for help or to be able to explain exactly what it is that they need. The volunteers of the Citizens Advice Bureau work tirelessly to reach the people who need the service the most, like many charitable organisations, and it is often the case that the very people who need them the most are unaware of the advocacy awaiting them; in many cases they are unable, at least at first, to articulate what it is they need. This long, silent shadow of disadvantage follows young people everywhere, and without being better equipped through a strong oracy education, it is an impossible spectre for them to shake off. On the Radio 4 Woman’s Hour programme some months ago, a woman was telling her story of achieving a conviction for rape for the man who attacked her. At that time there was around a 1 in 70 chance of prosecution for reported rape, and a much lower conviction rate. In her description of the process of going to court, the woman spoke about how her own level of education, her ability to narrate the events, her own eloquence and articulacy were intrinsically linked with the success of her case, and that for hundreds of other women subjected to the same horror, their weaker oracy would stand in the way of them seeing justice. This stems not only from not having the words to say but also not having the experience and hence the belief that they would be listened to, taken seriously and acted upon: just one example of the deep systemic inequality at play. Cross reference this with the words of a seven year old attending School 21 in East London: “What makes me enjoy talking most is that everybody’s listening to you, and you’re part of the world, and you feel respected and important”. The difference is stark: on one hand people can be subjected to untold traumas and find themselves at a loss as to whether or how to seek justice – on the other, it is possible even at a young age to recognise the power of voice, the connectedness it promises, and the sense of personal well-being that comes from owning it. For the sake of any of our children experiencing trauma either as a child or later as an adult, we need to instill in them this strong sense of personal value, lest they need it to advocate for themselves in any of the parts of the system that currently seem inaccessible to them. Feeling respected and important is a critical factor in developing a sense of belonging – which is in itself one of the key protective factors for children at risk. Oracy as a tool for engendering belonging Understanding the extent of children’s belonging is something we have begun to be more intentional about as a trust in recent months, and building upon what we know to increase that sense of belonging both at cohort and individual level is an important element of our disadvantage strategy. As performance coach Owen Eastwood outlines: “To feel a sense of belonging is to feel accepted, to feel seen and to feel included by a group of people, believing that we fit in, trusting that we will be protected by them. To not feel belonging is to experience the precarious and insecure sense of an outsider.” The effects of this ostracism can be catastrophic, and can lead to some of the most harmful behaviours. Working with young people at risk of Child Criminal and Sexual Exploitation, and with those involved in serious violence, it is abundantly clear that what lies at the heart of their devastating life choices is an intense desire to belong in a system and a world that has repeatedly told them that they do not. Their deep sense of rejection is all too often linked to their inability to express themselves, to make their wishes known or to have influence on others with anything but force. The impact upon mental health and well-being cannot be underestimated – and yet development of oracy can be a protective factor. The Oracy All Party Parliamentary Group Inquiry points to an urgent and pressing need, post-lockdown, to prioritise oracy in schools. Within the report one teacher comments that: “Oracy heightens a community’s ability to belong to each other, whilst valuing individuality. It makes every voice matter; these processes are built on the principles of a democratic society.” This crucial element of childhood experience is formative, and has a greater impact for those experiencing disadvantage than others. It is for this reason that we need to take more care with this cohort. As Dr. Fiona Pienaar of Place2be outlines: “The connection between oracy and well-being is crucial and while there are many other risk factors that can impact on a child and young person’s well-being, oracy is one that we can turn into a protective factor… Unless we give oracy and its connection to well-being the recognition and attention it should have in education, we will continue to have children and young people who are likely to develop speech, language and communication difficulties, display challenging behaviours in their efforts to be understood and, in some cases, embark on a trajectory of lifelong mental health and well-being challenges… The fact that research indicates that over 60 per cent of young offenders have difficulties with speech, language and communications should alert us to the urgency of the situation.” The situation is indeed urgent. It was urgent before the Covid pandemic forced children into isolation. It was urgent before the inequalities in our society were deepened. For some groups of children, deprivation of oracy is yet another anchor preventing them from achieving the heights of their inner potential. Who needs oracy education the most? It is interesting that the APPG Inquiry explicitly references those experiencing disadvantage and those with additional needs as being the most in need of effective oracy approaches: in answering the question “Who needs oracy education most?” the response from the APPG argues that: “Oracy education matters for all children and young people, the benefits are accretive and go beyond addressing deficits, but our Inquiry found that oracy education can have a disproportionate impact on the learning and life chances of some children and young people for whom the blight of an absence of oracy in their education will also be most damaging. “Research consistently finds that children from low-income homes start school with lower language levels than their more advantaged peers, and these gaps grow as children move through school. Of the children who persistently experienced poverty, 75 per cent arrive at school below average in language development. Around 50 per cent of children in some areas of deprivation begin school with delayed language. The pandemic has also widened the language gap. “Research shows a greater focus on oracy can enable disadvantaged students to fulfil their potential and narrow the attainment gap between them and more advantaged peers. Speech, language and communication experts contributing to the Inquiry highlighted how universal oracy provision, complementing targeted and specialist provision, has the potential to help transform schooling for children with these needs. Oracy can improve access to and subsequent inclusion in education for children with SLCN and with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND).” It is clear that for children experiencing economic disadvantage and for those with SEND, oracy development is a key enabler. It is also, fortunately, something that can and should be provided at cohort level so that all children benefit. If we recognise that in many areas there is also a link between economic disadvantage and race, we can assume that by developing children’s oracy across the board, we are also adding to a growing body of work which seeks to eradicate racial inequality too. Even aside from the educational advantages of providing children from different ethnic backgrounds with this vital tool for learning, the impact of harnessing voice, exploring personal identity, being heard, respected and valued cannot be underestimated. If you are growing up in a society where racism is endemic, it matters even more that there are safe spaces to clear your throat and rehearse your use of your own powerful voice. All schools have a duty to be those safe spaces, and to help young people traversing the fault lines of race and identity in the UK today, schools must understand that oracy education is simply more important for some groups. From the Inquiry there is a strong and sustained argument for better oracy in our schools and a higher prioritisation of oracy across the system. It is helpful to be cognisant of this as we invest in oracy as part of our planned work for this academic year and beyond – it is a sign that we have ‘placed our bets’ in exactly the places where they are needed at this time. Equity through oracy in the curriculum Whilst curriculum is for us our best bet in terms of enabling children from a variety of backgrounds to progress and ultimately to realise their agency, oracy is one of the defining pedagogical approaches that will enable this. By harnessing the power of talk in the classroom we connect young people with a mighty lifelong weapon, their voice, which in more privileged settings the world over is already being nourished. Private schools are renowned for their focus on performance and debate as a critical element of curricular experience: famously there are more theatres in private schools in London than there are in the West End. The corridors of power are lined with the images of the elite, passed back and forth by generations who have had the privilege of similar experience – and one of the most powerful tools at their disposal is their oratorial skill. “When I take our students on the debating circuit… they will largely be surrounded by children from independent [schools…]. I’m on a mission to make sure that children like ours in schools like ours have access to what is essentially the language of power,” Geoff Barton, Headteacher, King Edward VI School (now General Secretary, ACSL) It does seem perverse that such a powerful weapon as voice and the ability to use it should have become the privilege of those with the greatest power base to start with. Oracy is free – every child has a voice, figuratively and (for the overwhelming majority) literally – and yet in the schools with the least resource it is a scarcity. Conversely in the schools with the most resource at their disposal, oracy is such a foundational factor that it is a feature for which those organisations have become known. The disadvantaged and the disenfranchised have been shortchanged for too long. In his theory of ‘triple jeopardy’, Dr Brian Mole asserts that children experiencing disadvantage have three areas of threat: - less extensive sets of understanding into which to fit new learning; - less practice at changing those sets of understandings to accommodate new learning; - lack of language development that would allow these accommodations to be made. It is therefore not just the curriculum that matters, but also the curricular experience and the oracy and language development that underpins it that together will have the most impact for those starting with the greatest deficit. A focus on oracy through our curriculum is the best way to make the difference to the children who need it most within what is a limited timeframe in their lives. Sadly for a small proportion of children, their lives are cut short at school age or shortly after – for these children especially, school needs to be exceptional. National statistics would tell us that the lives of those in more socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are on average shorter, which means this period is proportionally more significant to this group too – another reason, if we needed any, to focus on getting it right. Here links the concept of Benevolent Childhood Experiences. Mole provides a critique of the popular practice of codifying and addressing gaps in learning through targeted catch-up programmes and ‘detailing the deficit’. Whilst these have their place, they are not fully addressing the issues at hand. Instead, he argues: “If some children have not enjoyed the rich range of experiences that would enable them to develop the more complex neural networks that make learning easy, then they need those experiences. The Sutton Trust has even identified them – they need the visits, the days out, the trips to theatres and museums, the conversations over meals, the being read to, the being surrounded by books, the having hobbies – all of this. These experiences will challenge their schemata and give them practice in changing and extending them. This will be done not in an artificial, theoretical and didactic classroom-bound way but in practical situations where there is emotional investment in learning and first-hand experiences that shape that learning and enabled a schema to be adjusted.” Oracy and Benevolent Childhood Experiences Our approach to oracy and to the joy-filled learning that our shared curriculum promises is linked to more intentional creation of Benevolent Childhood Experiences for good reason – because even pre-pandemic these were the kinds of experiences that were off limits to many of those with lower socio-economic status: post-pandemic there is an even greater urgency in relation to recovering for all our children, and particularly our most disadvantaged, the lost ground of experience that underpins schemata and develops a child’s ability as a learner. Some of our oracy work is built exclusively on this, with opportunities constructed for children to perform as both a development tool and a Benevolent Childhood Experience in itself. As a Headteacher I was proud to introduce to the school an engineering programme in partnership with Airbus in Bristol, which provided Year 9 students with the opportunity to build and fly a plane, working over several months with a team of engineers – a project that has only strengthened over time in its impact and appeal. At the inaugural assembly I was acutely aware of the disadvantage in my cohort, and at the likelihood that some of the most disadvantaged students in the room counting themselves out of an opportunity that was absolutely targeted at them. I knew this would happen from experience – in spite of a great deal of work over a number of years, it was still the case that for many students experiencing disadvantage there was an automatic assumption that new/different/extra experiences just were not for them. I recall stating in the assembly that “I do mean you, I am speaking to you” throughout and labouring the point a number of times. At the end of the assembly, a young man hung back – a boy with plenty of academic ability and arguably the most disadvantaged in his cohort. He was living through things that I wouldn’t wish for any adult to face, let alone a child. He often brought that weather into school, a place where he could be his authentic self and where in so doing he often clashed with our reasonable boundaries. We loved him, of course. “I know you said you did, Miss, but you didn’t really mean me, did you?” was the question he had been compelled to ask. He explained that he thought his behaviour would be a barrier and we agreed it would be unlikely that he would behave poorly on the programme if he applied. Which he would. He went on to be the most successful participant in the programme that year, was talent spotted by the engineering team and went on to work at Airbus as part of an apprenticeship programme. It took repeated invitations, both at cohort level and at individual level, for him to apply. The process of application relied both on written communication and on the ability to articulate motivation and candidature. Our young man prepared well and performed well. It was a risk to assume he would behave well, as this wasn’t necessarily in line with our experience of him. But like Michaelangelo’s David, the engineer in him was always inside the rock, waiting to be discovered. It was our job to let him out. I’m proud of this story, but it comes with a significant dose of realism and sadness: I know in this case, the outcome was good. How many more children do I not know about, who didn’t raise their hand, who assumed an opportunity wasn’t for them, who were never presented with the opportunity in the first place? How many children had an inkling of interest but not the words to express it? I cannot answer that question: I can only hope that the verve I carried into my PGCE interview was carried enough into my headships that I made a bigger difference than might otherwise have been made, and that I laid the foundations for others to build upon. What I do know is that without experiences to offer like the one outlined above, less difference would certainly have been made. Oracy as pedagogy In 2014 the World Health Organisation stated that: “School may be the last opportunity to help children and young people develop oracy skills to the standard that is sufficient for them to realise their own abilities, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to their community” and this in and of itself might be considered reason enough to prioritise this within our pedagogy. There is a significant challenge therein. Language is such a powerful cultural and psychological tool that is acquired and developed at different ages, stages and paces – this presents us as teachers with some significant hurdles to overcome. We do generally have a strong collective understanding that we are all teachers of literacy. As teachers of oracy we can feel convinced of the value of the work but perhaps less skilled or expert at its execution. Metacognition, self-regulation and reasoning are all critical thinking skills that have emerged over time as those that are vital to children’s ability to learn, and whilst children’s experiences and capabilities vary enormously, research has proven time and again that teacher’s interactions with children can significantly improve these capabilities: all are strengthened through talk. In our teaching we know that we should be teaching children to talk and teaching them through talk, developing a greater understanding of dialogic approaches as we bring our curriculum to life and encourage our children to be challenged by it, to do battle with the concepts, to wrestle with their own assumptions. Professor Rupert Wegerif writes: “Conceptual mastery is not just about getting new information from a book or the whiteboard; it is about seeing the world in a new way.” We need to carry into our thinking about curriculum the Martin Robinson approach that: “This is the best that’s been thought and said – and you need to know it – but it might be wrong, and it certainly isn’t finished.” Empowering and enabling our children to traverse and grapple with our curriculum, to shape it and to reason with it, is the only thing that will make our curriculum effective. Of course, there is particular knowledge that must be grasped for children to have something to talk about but even with the process of learning this knowledge, dialogic teaching has a place: as a teacher, a good grasp of this is crucial. Vygotsky suggested that social interaction is the origin of all ‘higher order thinking’: “Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first on the social level and later on the individual level; first between people and then inside the child… All the higher order functions originate as actual relations between people.” Critically, dialogic thinking goes beyond what might be achieved in school – it shapes the way we encounter ‘the other’ and how we engage with it. Laura D’Olimpio of Australia’s University of Notre Dame asserts “…the identity that we should be teaching children to recognise is an identity that involves ‘recognising humanity in the stranger and the other’ and responding humanely to the human in every cultural form.” It might be argued that the impact for individuals, families, community and society is too great if we fail to teach these skills well. Inequality exists and has deepened through the pandemic. Racism, misogyny and bias exist and are at times undetected. As we equip our children to be better at recognising humanity in the ‘other’ we are actively providing them with what is needed for personal growth and well-being, and at a societal level we are providing the tools to address inequality. Faced with such a bleak post-pandemic picture, surely it is the very least we can do for our children to hand them the tools for the job, even if the manual remains unwritten. So why oracy? Because we know that three quarters of children who experience persistent poverty throughout their early years start school without the language skills they need for learning. Because the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) highlights in at least two of the Articles, the oracy privileges that all children should enjoy, including ensuring that those who are “capable of forming their own views be given the right to express those views freely… and that they be given due weight (Article 12), and that each child should “have the right to freedom of expression, including freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds”, including orally (Article 13). Because we believe that children should have a sense of self, a sense of place in the world and to understand their own agency. Because of the top 10 skills needed in the UK workforce as highlighted by Deloitte in 2016, seven are strongly rooted in oracy (oral comprehension, oral expression, deductive reasoning, critical thinking, speaking, monitoring and active listening). Because language is power, and the command of language enables power to be utilised and also to be deconstructed. Because it supports and promotes positive mental health and well-being, which is in itself a protective factor. Because it fosters a sense of belonging and connectedness that our children desperately need. And because through oracy, the intent of our curriculum, written exclusively with our children at its heart, can truly be realised. Hashi Mohamed argues that: “Once we get to a place where young people are trained, prepped, pushed and encouraged to be articulate, where they can deploy a wide vocabulary with a clarity of thought, and are armed with new and exciting ideas, then we might be in a position to reshape the current linguistic landscape in favour of social, cultural and ethnic diversity. Perhaps then we will have found a way of neutralising prejudices instead of playing right into them. Perhaps we will have conquered another corner of the social mobility story and moved one step closer to a more equal society.” When I stepped into my PGCE interview I carried with me great hopes, intense passion and a great deal of naivety. I believed I could change the world (and I still do). I had acquired these things through a life of relative privilege and an oracy-rich education. Over 20 years my resolve has been tested and I have learned a great deal about just how hard this work is – and yet I believe those things no less fervently today than I did then. The difference now is that I have experience and evidence and stories that prove those beliefs. We have chosen oracy as a key strategy for all children because it will benefit all children. We know that those who will make the greatest gains as a result of a strong oracy education are those experiencing the most disadvantage, and this aligns entirely with our reason for existing as a trust. We have come together at this point in time and around this particular priority for the good of the children to whom we have made a commitment. They rely on us to ensure that the years they have in school equip them for the years they will spend in the world beyond it, not simply in terms of their contribution to a workforce but as agents in society, as whole people, connected to themselves and their communities with significant spheres of influence. For this they need words, concepts, confidence and a voice to speak them. Maya Angelou puts it remarkably simply: “Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with shades of deeper meaning.” Through our work, may all our children realise the power of their own voice.

<urn:uuid:40d3b584-d831-4e9c-ab39-6d337800800a>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://queenstreet.group/the-power-of-voice-oracy-as-a-tool-for-equity-through-education/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

January 22, 2013 During Healthy Habits Week, our VPK students explored healthy eating using fruits and vegetables. They matched the names of the healthy foods to the objects; then discussed why it is important that we take care of our bodies. Please click on the “Programs” page of our website to view the enrichment classes we provide at The Learning Center Preschool. Contact Us today for more information about our Boca Raton Preschool. Previous post: The Perils of Texting While Parenting

<urn:uuid:33db97f6-d545-44ed-af87-622163acb65f>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://thelearningcenterpreschool.com/preschool-fun-activities-at-the-learning-center-preschool-healthy-habits-week

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

Only around 800 are believed to be left in the wild, the centre’s spokeswoman, Nelizza Marzo, told AFP. Pag-asa died Wednesday from infections associated with diseases trichomoniasis and aspergillosis, which the centre said were fatal in raptors. How many Philippine Eagles are left 2020? It was only when he handed the bird over that Mahumoc learned what they’d saved: a Philippine eagle, the country’s national bird. With fewer than 700 breeding pairs alive today, it’s also one of the world’s rarest birds of prey. (Learn more about the Philippine eagle.) How many Philippine Eagles are left 2021? A: Hunting is the main reason that the Philippines eagle is now among the critically endangered birds in the Philippines. Q: How many Philippine eagles are left 2021? A: According to the Philippine Eagle Foundation, there is an estimated number of only 400 pairs left in the wild. How many Philippine Eagles are left in the Philippines? THE DECLINE OF THE PHILIPPINE EAGLE It is considered to be one of the largest and most powerful among forest raptors. They are also listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with an estimated number of only 400 pairs left in the wild. How many Philippine Eagles are left 2019? There are only an estimated 400 nesting pairs of Philippine eagles left in the wild, so the sighting of new eagle families is always a milestone to celebrate for the Philippine Eagle Foundation (PEF), a nonprofit that has worked for more than 30 years in conserving the species. Is Tamaraw a carabao? In contrast to the carabao, it has a number of distinguishing characteristics; it is slightly hairier, has light markings on its face, is not gregarious, and has shorter horns that are somewhat V-shaped. |Bubalus mindorensis (Heude, 1888)| |Range map in green| How many Philippine eagles are left 2010? Declared “critically endangered” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2010, the Philippine eagle’s numbers are dwindling. The most recent estimates point to around 800 surviving in the wild. What is the rarest eagle? In a race against time, conservationists are working to save the Great Philippine Eagle from extinction. It is the world’s largest and rarest eagle, with fewer than 1,000 remaining. How many eagles are left in the world 2021? Researchers say the population is now above 300,000. The bald eagle population in the lower 48 states has quadrupled since 2009, researchers said this week, underscoring decades of efforts to protect a species that was once on the brink of extinction. How many eagles are left in the world 2020? As a result of conservation efforts, the bald eagle population has risen from a mere 417 nesting pairs in 1963 to more than 71,400 nesting pairs and an estimated 316,700 individual birds in the Lower 48 today. How many Philippine eagles are there? The Philippine Eagle was named the national bird of the Philippines in 1995. The Philippine Eagle is one of the rarest birds in the world, with an estimated population of fewer than than 500 individuals. Is the Philippine Eagle extinct? The Philippine Eagle is Critically Endangered and only 400 breeding pairs remain on four islands. This apex forest predator is the national bird of the Philippines yet shooting, hunting and deforestation continue to threaten it. Is Tamaraw in Mindoro extinct? Bald eagles are no longer an endangered species, but bald and golden eagles are still protected under multiple federal laws and regulations. Eagles, their feathers, as well as nest and roost sites are all protected. What is the largest eagle? Considered the largest eagle in the world in terms of length and wing surface, the giant Philippine eagle averages one meter in height (3 ft) from the tip of its crown feathers to its tail. Only the harpy and Steller’s sea eagles outweighs the Philippine eagle in terms of mass. Which is bigger harpy eagle vs Philippine Eagle? While the harpy eagle may be the largest eagle in terms of weight, the Philippine eagle is the largest according to length and wingspan. These giant birds of prey can weigh up to 18 pounds and grow to be 3 feet in height. A Philippine eagle’s wingspan can be as wide as 7’3”.

<urn:uuid:2014c238-0e98-4ff1-b2f3-042204651b83>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://tukatavientiane.org/tourist-help/how-many-philippine-eagle-left-captivity.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

Type of Emulsifying Head (A) High viscosity type (B) Low viscosity type It intends not to use active lotion to disperse the products, and to pulverize products to fine particles. Now, it's often to use high speed mixer to shear the mixture. There are several types of mixer, but all have turbine rotating in very high speed, it produces strong turbulence to help get fine particles in short time. When the rotor in the stator of the turbine in high speed, it has a strong force of suction like the function of pump, it will suck the mixture from bottom to up to form a circulation mixing. The clearance between the rotor & stator is only 0.3-0.5mm,the products go through the clearance and make shearing, impact, turbulence in vessel. (C) High Shearing Mixer When the head is rotating in high speed, the shovel at the bottom of emulsifying head will create strong delivery, it makes the materials be pressed out from the multiple layers of head, the product jetted out of the side slot of emulsifying head. The product is processed of cutting, milling, dispersing and mixing to become micro sized particle. Especially for product includes powder ingredients, such as foundation, powdery cream, this type of head can achieve better effects than others. (D) Disperser Mixer (Simple Type) The mixer is like a disk and skirted with up and down tooth shape. It disperses large amount of powder into liquid ingredient in high speed shortly, the powder is pulverized by the tooth-shape mixer, the tooth will smash the agglomerate into fine & even particles of mixture.

<urn:uuid:806117a7-0b38-427f-bc71-a24baa79a682>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.cosmetic.com.tw/product/emulsification8?lang=en

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

Cycle through a unique area that used to be part of the Zuiderzee sea and discover the history of the unique former islands of Schokland and Urk. - Find out why Schokland was the first Dutch monument to be declared UNESCO World Heritage. - See the tiny alleys, or ginkies, of Urk. - Enjoy some fresh fish by the gorgeous harbour of Urk. Peace, Quiet and Space Grab your bike and take a wonderful cycling trip through one of Flevoland’s oldest areas, the former island of Schokland. Because it used to be too swampy and bare for agriculture, the people of Schokland moved to the mainland, leaving the island nearly uninhabited. However, after the reclamation of the Zuiderzee, Schokland was no longer an island, and it is now a gorgeous, peaceful nature reserve. Schokland symbolises the battle that the Dutch are still fighting with the waters. Today, Schokland is an island that rises above the polder. A gorgeous and unique piece of nature and culture, which was the first Dutch monument to be declared UNESCO World Heritage, and with good reason. Due to the reclamation of the Noordoostpolder, both Urk and Schokland became what one might call islands on dry land. Beautiful villages with small houses in a labyrinth of alleys, or ginkies, as the people of Urk call them. While there, don’t forget to take a look at the Vissersmonument (Fisher’s Monument), a memorial to the fishermen who never came home. If you’ve worked up an appetite along the way, you really should enjoy some delicious fresh fish at Visrestaurant De Kaap (address: Wijk 1, no. 5 Urk). And if you’re not in the mood to cycle any further, you’ll have no difficulties spending the night here. Number of kilometers: 42 Starting point: you can start this route at the following nodes: node 75 (Museum Schokland, Middelbuurt 3, Schokland), node 98 (Museum Nagele, Ring 23, Nagele) and node 36 (Haventerrein Urk, Burg. J. Schipperskade 2, Urk). More information about the cycling route.

<urn:uuid:7c511560-cbb8-4f62-b457-be0622a90f9e>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.holland.com/global/tourism/article/cycling-route-de-eilandenroute-42-km.htm

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

A middle-aged American woman is believed to be the first person to suffer from a rare type of brain swelling following a diagnosis of COVID-19, the respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The 58-year-old airline worker developed a case of acute necrotizing encephalitis, or ANE, a rare complication of influenza and other viral infections typically seen in children, according to the US National Library of Medicine. “This is significant for all providers to be aware of and looking out for in patients who present with an altered level of consciousness. We need to be thinking of how we’re going to incorporate patients with severe neurological disease into our treatment paradigm,” said Elissa Fory, M.D., a Henry Ford neurologist who was part of the team of medical experts involved in making the diagnosis, in a statement. “This complication is as devastating as severe lung disease.” After three days of coughing, fever, and an “altered mental state,” the woman's nasopharyngeal swab tested positive for the novel coronavirus responsible for the global pandemic. On March 19, the Henry Ford Health System says the woman was transported by ambulance to the emergency department and showed signs of confusion and disorientation. Doctors ordered CT and MRI scans, which revealed abnormal damage in the thalami and temporal lobes, areas of the brain associated with cognitive and memory function. People with some types of ANE will go on to develop damage, or lesions, in certain parts of the brain that can eventually lead to swelling, bleeding, and tissue death. “Approximately one-third of individuals with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1 do not survive their illness and subsequent neurological decline. Of those who do survive, about half have permanent brain damage due to tissue necrosis, resulting in impairments in walking, speech, and other basic functions,” writes the National Institutes of Health. “Over time, many of these skills may be regained, but the loss of brain tissue is permanent. Other individuals who survive their illness appear to recover completely.” Accumulating evidence suggests that some individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 may develop cytokine storm syndrome, an overreaction of the immune system that can result in a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, according to a March 16 study published in The Lancet. Though neurological complications associated with COVID-19 are unclear, doctors have reported that a rare subset of those diagnosed with COVID-19 also develop complications in the brain. “This is the first reported case of COVID-19-associated acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy. As the number of patients with COVID-19 increases worldwide, clinicians and radiologists should be watching for this presentation among patients presenting with COVID-19 and altered mental status,” write the study authors in the journal Radiology. Influenza A has similarly been linked to ANE in both children and adults. In 2018, two siblings who had not received the flu shot were diagnosed with the condition following an Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Neuroimaging revealed damage in the brain consistent with ANE. The older child recovered fully and was discharged two weeks after being sick, but the younger sibling developed severe brain swelling and died after 11 days. A 2017 case report describes a 55-year-old man who was diagnosed with ANE after also being diagnosed with Influenza A. In this case, it is hypothesized that the cytokine storm may have played a role in the swelling of his brain. The woman was given intravenous immunoglobin rather than steroids as these may exacerbate COVID-19 lung injury. As of April 1, she was reportedly hospitalized in serious condition.

<urn:uuid:eae7fdc5-7bad-4f0c-8d2a-150a223a1c68>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.iflscience.com/woman-diagnosed-with-covid19-develops-rare-brain-disease-55573

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

If you are afraid of natural disasters, do you know what are the best places to live to avoid natural disasters? World Risk Report 2016 says that the two years between 2013 and 2015 brought with them more than 850 natural disasters, causing damage worth approximately $275 billion. Today, the world faces great natural disasters that have an enormous impact on people’s lives. Natural disasters are natural phenomena that occur under the action of natural forces. They appear suddenly and with their destructive powers destroy everything in front of themselves, and people can not do anything preventing them from doing so. Sweden is one of the best places to live to avoid natural disasters. Its adaptive capacities are especially commendable being one of the best among all the nations. Another one on the list is the United Arab Emirates. The UAE has been blessed with little exposure to natural disasters, a lucky fact for all the many towering structures that reside here. For example, volcanoes can cause widespread destruction and consequent disaster in several ways. The effects include the volcanic eruption itself that can cause harm following the explosion of the volcano or falling rocks. Second, lava can be produced during the eruption of a volcano, and as it leaves the volcano, the lava destroys many buildings, plant, and animals due to its extreme heat. Third, volcanic ash means cooled ash – may form a cloud, and settle thickly in nearby locations. When mixed with water, this forms a concrete-like material. In adequate quantity of ash can cause the roofs to collapse under its weight, but even small amounts will harm humans if inhaled. Since the ash had the consistency of ground glass, it causes abrasion damage to moving parts such as engines. The leading killer of human beings in the immediate vicinity of a volcanic eruption is pyroclastic flows, which consist of a cloud of hot volcanic ash that builds up in the air the volcano and rushes down the slopes when the eruption no longer supports lifting the gases. It is believed that Pompeii was destroyed by a pyroclastic flow. An adverse event will not rise to the level of a disaster if it happens in an area without vulnerable population. In a sensitive area, however, such as Nepal during the 2015 earthquake, an earthquake can have disastrous ends and leave lasting damage, which can require years to repair. If you want to see more about 10 best places to live to avoid natural disasters, check Insider’s Monkey list of 10 Best Places to Live to Avoid Natural Disasters and find out more about this topic.

<urn:uuid:d996502c-5f72-4fac-8d1c-912fdde2a7cf>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.stocktalkreview.com/10-best-places-to-live-to-avoid-natural-disasters/19688/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

What does HBsAb positive mean? ■ Anti-HBs [sometimes written as HBsAb] (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen): when this is “positive” or “reactive,” it means the person is immune to hepatitis B infec- tion, either from vaccination or from past infection. (This test is not done routinely by most blood banks on donated blood.) What is HBsAg test negative mean? Normal results are negative or nonreactive, meaning that no hepatitis B surface antigen was found. If your test is positive or reactive, it may mean you are actively infected with HBV. In most cases this means that you will recover within 6 months. What is normal HBV IU mL? Normal range for this assay is Not Detected. The quantitative range of this assay is 1.00-9.00 log IU/mL (10-1,000,000,000 IU/mL). What does low HBsAb mean? * A low or negative result suggests primary vaccine failure in which case a repeat three-dose series should be given followed by HBsAb testing one to two months later. * except immunocompromised persons in which case protective titres should be considered valid for no more than one year. What happens if HBeAg is negative? Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) occurs at the late phase in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection’s natural history. The disease is characterized by progressive liver damage due to variants with mutations in the precore/core promoter region that reduce or abolish HBeAg expression. How do you read Hep B results? A positive HBsAg test result means that you are infected and can spread the hepatitis B virus to others through your blood. anti-HBs or HBsAb (Hepatitis B surface antibody) – A “positive” or “reactive” anti-HBs (or HBsAb) test result indicates that a person is protected against the hepatitis B virus. What is hepatitis B positive? A hepatitis B surface antibody test is used to check for immunity to HBV. A positive test means you’re immune to hepatitis B. There are two possible reasons for a positive test: you may have been vaccinated, or you may have recovered from an acute HBV infection and are no longer contagious. What is the hbcuvc investor and founder? The HBCUvc Investor and Founder is mission-driven, authentic, rooted in community, and builds and invests for a bold future. Our origins are rooted in the legacy of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), which forged opportunities for Black Americans in a time when our country would not. Is hbcuvc’s flagship program growing? For the past five years, HBCUvc’s flagship program has grown in size and impact; this year is no different. How many HBCU Fellows are in the new class? Our incoming class of 62 fellows hail from 21 HBCUs, including six institutions who are newly represented in our community — Edward Waters University, Virginia State University, Xavier University of Louisiana, South Carolina State University, Alabama State University, and Talladega College. Click here to read more about our newest cohort. What does HBCU stand for? Our origins are rooted in the legacy of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), which forged opportunities for Black Americans in a time when our country would not.

<urn:uuid:12409003-4000-4437-8eb1-191740472ed5>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.ufoscience.org/what-does-hbsab-positive-mean/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573630.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819070211-20220819100211-00288.warc.gz

en

What is the time difference between Montreal and London? - Time difference between London, United Kingdom and Montreal, Canada. London is 5 hours ahead of Montreal. - 1 Is Montreal Central or Eastern time? - 2 Is Montreal the same time as Toronto? - 3 What time zone is Montreal in GMT? - 4 Does Montreal change time? - 5 What is GMT time now in Canada? - 6 What does EST mean for time? - 7 How far is Montreal from Toronto? - 8 What are the 6 time zones in Canada? - 9 What is UTC time in Montreal? - 10 Where is the Pacific Standard Time Zone? - 11 Where is the EST time zone? - 12 Is Quebec Central time? - 13 Are we on normal time now? - 14 What time do we change the time back? - 15 Do the clocks change in Canada? Is Montreal Central or Eastern time? Montreal, Quebec Current Local Time – Montreal, Quebec Time Zone |Montreal, Quebec Local Time Details| |Time Zone Abbreviations||Eastern Standard Time – is abbreviated as EST Eastern Daylight Time – is abbreviated as EDT| |Daylight Saving Time Usage||Montreal, Quebec does utilize Daylight Saving Time.| Is Montreal the same time as Toronto? Since Montreal , Quebec and Toronto , Ontario currently have equivalent time zones, you can call someone during your normal hours and it will be the same time in Toronto , Canada as it is in Montreal , Canada. What time zone is Montreal in GMT? Eastern Standard Time (North America)EST |Time Zone||America/ Toronto| |Universal Time Coordinated GMT / UTC||UTC-5| |Daylight Saving Time EDT : Eastern Daylight Time (North America)||UTC-4| |Standard Time EST : Eastern Standard Time (North America) Currently in use||UTC-5| Does Montreal change time? When it comes to Daylight Saving Time (DST) in Montreal , in the spring, you move the clocks forward, while in the fall, you set them back. This time change happens twice a year in Montreal , as well as in most of the province of Quebec, Toronto, and in many parts of the world. What is GMT time now in Canada? Canada spans 6 time zones, four of them shared with the USA ( Eastern Time , Central Time , Mountain Time and Pacific Time ). Daylight Saving Time (DST) rules. |Canadian Province / Territory||British Columbia , Canada (most)| |Standard Time||GMT -8| |Daylight Time||GMT -7| Ещё 17 столбцов What does EST mean for time? Eastern Standard Time How far is Montreal from Toronto? What are the 6 time zones in Canada? There are six time zones in Canada covering four and a half hours. From west to east these time zones are: Pacific , Mountain , Central , Eastern , Atlantic and Newfoundland. What is UTC time in Montreal? The World Clock – Time Zone Converter – Results |Location||Local Time||UTC Offset| |Montréal (Canada – Quebec)||Wednesday, November 25, 2020 at 10:36:27 am||UTC -5 hours| |UTC ( Time Zone)||Wednesday, November 25, 2020 at 3:36:27 pm||UTC| Where is the Pacific Standard Time Zone? The Pacific Time Zone (PT) is a time zone encompassing parts of western Canada, the western United States, and western Mexico. Places in this zone observe standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−08:00). During daylight saving time , a time offset of UTC−07:00 is used. Where is the EST time zone? The Eastern Time Zone includes the state of Connecticut, Delaware, part of Florida, Georgia, part of Indiana, part of Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, part of Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, part of Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia Is Quebec Central time? Most of Quebec Canada is officially in the Eastern Time Zone and observes Daylight Saving Time . From east to west they are Newfoundland Time Zone, Atlantic Time Zone, Eastern Time , Central Time Zone, Mountain Time Zone, and the Pacific Time Zone. Are we on normal time now? Most of the United States begins Daylight Saving Time at 2:00 a.m. on the second Sunday in March and reverts to standard time on the first Sunday in November. In the U.S., each time zone switches at a different time. In the European Union, Summer Time begins and ends at 1:00 a.m. Universal Time (Greenwich Mean Time). What time do we change the time back? Most of the United States begins Daylight Saving Time at 2:00 a.m. on the second Sunday in March and reverts to standard time on the first Sunday in November. Do the clocks change in Canada? Daylight Saving Time (DST) in Canada starts on the 2nd Sunday in March and ends on the 1st Sunday in November.

<urn:uuid:f006aab5-6692-4f05-b3ad-cf2422be3b7b>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://applevisaservices.com/canada/what-time-is-it-in-montreal-canada.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

A sunspot pointing towards the earth has the potential to cause sun flames, but experts told the United States TODAY that it is far from unusual and eased concerns about how torches would affect the blue planet. Active Region 3038, or AR3038, has grown over the past week, said Rob Steenburgh, acting head of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Forecast Office. “This is what sunspots do,” he said. “Over time, they will generally grow. They go through stages, and then they decay.” Sunspots appear darker because they are cooler than other parts of the sun’s surface, according to NASA. Sunspots are cooler because they form where strong magnetic fields prevent heat in the sun from reaching the surface. “I guess the easiest way to say that is that sunspots are areas of magnetic activity,” Steenburgh said. Solar flames, which usually rise from sunspots, are “a sudden explosion of energy caused by the entanglement, crossing, or rearrangement of magnetic field lines near sunspots,” NASA said. “You can think of it as twisting rubber bands,” Steenburgh said. “If you have a pair of rubber bands that twist around your finger, they end up twisting too much and they break. The difference with magnetic fields is that they reconnect. And when they reconnect, it’s in it. the process of generating a torch. “ The larger and more complex a sunspot becomes, the higher the probability of solar flares, Steenburgh said. The sunspot has doubled in size every day for the past three days and is about 2.5 times the size of Earth, said C. Alex Young, assistant director of science in the Heliophysics Science Division at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, in an email . Young said the sunspot produces small sun flames, but “does not have the complexity of the largest blouses.” There is a 30% chance that the sunspot will produce medium-sized flares and a 10% chance that it will create large flares, he said. W. Dean Pesnell, project researcher at the Solar Dynamics Observatory, said the sunspot is an “active region of modest size” that “has not grown abnormally fast and is still somewhat small in area.” “AR 3038 is exactly the type of active region we expect at this point in the solar cycle,” he said. Andrés Muñoz-Jaramillo, lead researcher at the SouthWest Research Institute in San Antonio, said the sunspot is not something for people on earth to worry about. “I want to emphasize that there is no need for panic,” he said. “They happen all the time, and we are prepared and do everything we can to predict and mitigate their effects. For most of us, we do not need to lose sleep over it.” Sun flames have different levels, said Muñoz-Jaramillo. The smallest are A-class torches, followed by B, C, M and X at the highest strength. Within each letter class is a finer scale of numbers, and the higher numbers indicate more intensity. C-flares are too weak to noticeably affect the earth, said Muñoz-Jaramillo. More intense M-flares can interfere with radio communication at the earth’s poles. X-flares can interfere with satellites, communication systems and power grids and, in the worst case, cause power outages and power outages. Lower intensity solar flames are quite common; X-flares are smaller, Steenburgh said. In a single solar cycle, about 11 years, there are typically about 2,000 M1 flares, about 175 X1 flares and about eight X10 flares, he said. For the largest solar flames at X20 or higher, there is less than one per cycle. This solar cycle began in December 2019. The AR3038 sunspot has caused a C flare, Steenburgh said. Although there have been no M or X flares from this area, he said there is a potential for more intense flares over the next week or so. The sun emits a moderate solar flame (c) 2022 USA Today Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC. Citation: ‘No need to panic’ as sunspots with potential for sun flames double in size overnight, say researchers (2022, 22 June) retrieved 23 June 2022 from https://phys.org/news/2022-06-panic- sunspot- potential-solar-flares.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair trade for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without written permission. The content is provided for informational purposes only.

<urn:uuid:b484f8dc-3ed6-4efc-847b-5291eb77a8a1>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://articlemodel.com/no-need-to-panic-as-sunspots-with-the-potential-for-sun-flames-double-in-size-overnight-researchers-say/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

For the thousands of people every year who undergo chemotherapy or radiation treatment, one of the most unpleasant side effects is nausea. Zofran, a drug manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline was approved by the FDA in 1991 specifically for post-surgical-, chemotherapy- and radiation-induced nausea. However, Zofran would go on to become more popular for an off-label use: combating morning sickness associated with pregnancy. Eventually, Zofran would become the top-selling anti-nausea medication in the US for morning sickness. Zofran Carries A Risk Of Birth Defects And Serotonin Syndrome For Expectant Moms Despite the promise of preventing morning sickness, the Food & Drug Administration (FDA), issued a warning in 2013 against ondansetron (Zofran is the brand name) because of an association between use of the drug in early pregnancy and the development of congenital cardiac malformations and oral clefts (cleft lip and palate) in newborns. In addition to risks to newborns, Zofran also posed side effect concerns to expectant mothers. Most seriously, the drug was shown to have caused Serotonin Syndrome, which causes serious cognitive and behavioral changes as well as neuromuscular changes; the condition can be fatal. For pregnant women looking for a safer drug, Diclegis is now the only FDA-approved prescription for morning sickness. Women can still take Zofran for pregnancy; the drug has not been banned by the FDA. But the drug never received approval specifically for morning sickness. According to data provided by MGH Center For Women’s Mental Health, in 2001, less than one percent of pregnant women used Zofran for morning sickness. By 2014, that number rose to over 22 percent, which according to DrugWatch.com, amounted to 110,000 monthly subscriptions that year. MGH references a 2019 meta-analysis retrospective study that examined the risk of Zofran in pregnant women. Over 88,000 first-trimester pregnancies were analyzed. The conclusion of the study reads, “Although the findings lack consistency, it looks as if ondansetron exposure may be associated with an increased risk of heart defects and/or orofacial defects, and possibly may be associated with other major malformations.” According to a law firm that handles Zofran litigation, Tor Hoerman, a research study that examined nearly 900,000 pregnancies found statistically significant risks associated with Zofran. Hundreds of Families Have Filed Zofran Claims Whether or not Zofran definitively causes birth defects remains up for debate. Nonetheless, according to DrugWatch.com, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has been named in more than 600 actions in federal court. Plaintiffs allege that GSK unlawfully and fraudulently promoted Zofran as a way to treat morning sickness, despite not being approved by the FDA for such use. The lawsuits also claim that GSK misrepresented the results of research studies to show the drug was safe; in reality those studies, allege the plaintiffs, showed abnormal bone growth and signs of toxicity. GSK: A Criminal History of Promoting Off-Label Drugs There’s nothing inherently wrong about doctors prescribing approved pharmaceuticals for off-label use. What is illegal, however, is the marketing of drugs by manufacturers for off-label use. GSK is accused of doing just that. According to DrugWatch.com, the first Zofran lawsuit was filed in 2015, by a Minnesota mother whose two daughters were born with congenital heart defects. (One other lawsuit was filed that same year; the lawsuits are still-ongoing.) Court documents from that case show that since the early 1990s, GSK knew that Zofran presented “unreasonable risk of harm” to developing babies because the drug passes through the human placenta. GSK, however, continued to market the drug to pregnant mothers. Furthermore, the lawsuits claim that GSK paid doctors to prescribe the problematic drug. But Zofran wasn’t the only drug that GSK was accused of illegally promoting. In 2012, the company paid a $3 billion settlement to the U.S. and certain states, after the company pleaded guilty to paying kickbacks to doctors for prescribing Zofran and eight other drugs, according to Drug Watch. Despite the fact that Zofran lawsuits are six years in the making, the litigation remains in its infancy.

<urn:uuid:97099fa5-70d1-48c0-b873-382012a4a1c5>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://blog.injurymatch.com/zofran-birth-defect-lawsuits-stuck-in-infancy-after-6-years-of-litigation/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

I heard that there’s an English translation to Louis de la Vallée-Poussin’s Musila et Narada somewhere out there (besides the Gombrich one, which seems to be just a snippet). Is it (or, even, the original) accessible at all? Years I’ve been searching and have not even come close. Not exactly what you are looking for, but might be of interest to you as well. A recent article by Johannes Bronkhorst (2019) regarding Musila and Narada: The puzzle presented by Musīla and Nārada (both have attained the same knowledge/insight, but one is an Arhat, the other one is not) has raised questions regarding the Buddhist path to liberation from the time of La Vallée Poussin onward. The present paper argues that the final stages of this path had become obscure to at least certain members of the Buddhist community from an early date onward. It then raises the question of whether modern psychological understanding may shed light on this issue. It concludes with the observation that we may need some theoretical scaffolding, to be provided by modern scholarship, to understand what the early Buddhist texts are talking about. Publication Date: 2019 Publication Name: The Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies

<urn:uuid:a5073450-65fd-4347-85f3-ed2ee2ba8d8e>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://discourse.suttacentral.net/t/musila-and-narada-sn12-68/15578

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

Strachey was born on April 4, 1572, in Saffron Walden, Essex, in the southeast of England, on an estate that his grandfather, also named William Strachey, had purchased a decade earlier. He was the oldest son of four sons and three daughters born to William Strachey and Mary Cooke Strachey. The Strachey family had long been prosperous farmers in Saffron Walden, while the Cookes were wealthy London merchants with property in Kent. On July 4, 1587, William Strachey (the elder) was awarded a coat of arms, making him—and by extension his sons—a gentleman. Mary Cooke Strachey died in 1587, and in August of that year Strachey (the elder) married Elizabeth Brocket of Hertfordshire. They had five daughters. William Strachey (the younger) enrolled at Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge, on February 14, 1588, and on June 9, 1595, he married Frances Forster, a distant relative of his mother and the daughter of a wealthy landowner in Surrey. They had two sons: William, who was baptized on March 30, 1596, and Edmund, baptized on February 26, 1604, both at Crowhurst, Surrey. William Strachey (the father) died in November 1598, leaving his estate to his wife Elizabeth Brocket Strachey and then, upon her death in 1602, to his son William Strachey. The inheritance appears to have supported Strachey and his family for the next few years, and by 1605 he was a member of Gray’s Inn, the largest of the Inns of Court. No evidence exists that he ever practiced law; instead, he pursued interests in literature and the theater. Strachey contributedto a 1604 publication of Ben Jonson’s Sejanus His Fall, a play first performed at the Globe in 1603 by William Shakespeare and his company. The journalist John St. Loe Strachey later called the poem “one of the most cryptic things in the whole of Elizabethan literature.” A shareholder in the Blackfriars Theatre in London, William Strachey apparently was friends with Jonson, the poet John Donne, and perhaps even Shakespeare. With his inheritance running low, in 1606 Strachey drew upon his wife’s connections to gain a post as secretary to Sir Thomas Glover, who represented both the Levant Company andat the Ottoman Empire’s capital at Constantinople. Traveling aboard the Royal Exchange, the party stopped in Algiers and Greece before arriving in Constantinople on December 23, 1606. Soon after, however, Strachey fell out with Glover, who described him as “that most malicious knave” and who fired him on March 17, 1607. The Levant Company wrote Strachey that he had “much overshott” himself by communicating too freely with the former ambassador, Henry Lello. With a letter of introduction from John Donne, Strachey sailed to Venice but was unable to secure a job, and finally returned to England. On May 23, 1609, James I granted the Virginia Company of London a, the publication of which included the name of shareholder “William Strachey, gentleman.” Strachey’s friend Donne, meanwhile, sought the position of secretary but the company instead appointed Matthew Scrivener, who was already in Virginia. When the fleet of ships left Plymouth for Virginia on June 2, Strachey was aboard the flagship Sea Venture (or Sea Adventure); neither his wife and young sons nor his friend Donne joined him. On July 24, the ships were separated by a storm, and the Sea Venture, which carried much of the colony’s new leadership, including Lieutenant Governorand Admiral , was thought lost. In fact, it was blown off course and ran aground on a fishhook-shaped group of known as the Bermudas. Strachey vividly described the storm in A true reportory of the wracke, and redemption of Sir Thomas Gates Knight, that “we could not apprehend in our imaginations any possibility of greater violence.” He suggested their survival was miraculous: “The Lord knoweth, I had as little hope, as desire of life in the storme, & in this, it went beyond my will.” The castaways spent about ten months on the uninhabited islands, and Strachey appears to have insinuated himself into the company of the Sea Venture‘s captain,. On February 11, 1610, he and Newport to the christening of s daughter, named Bermuda, and on March 25, he, Newport, and James Swift became godfathers to a baby boy called Bermudas. (Rolfe’s wife and daughter both died.) Strachey served on Gates’s crew, building one of two pinnaces out of the Sea Venture‘s wreckage, and “dangers and divellish disquiets” that overcame some of the men. Somers and Gates clashed, a sailor was murdered, and multiple mutinies were quashed, with one colonist executed. Once the pinnaces Deliverance and Patience, the colonists set sail for Virginia, arriving at Point Comfort in the Chesapeake Bay on May 21, 1610. On May 24, they arrived in Jamestown and there, according to Strachey, found “all things so contrary to our expectations, so full of misery and misgovernment.” In Virginia, Strachey and his fellow castaways were greeted with surprise and relief by a colony on the verge of collapse. Over the winter, the settlers, under the command of, had suffered through the . The Indians’ siege of the Jamestown fort, exacerbated by , had made hunting, fishing, and foraging nearly impossible; of about 240 English colonists at the fort in November 1609, only about 60 skeletal survivors remained the following May. Having brought no extra food from Bermuda, Gates decided to , but as the colonists sailed down the James River, they encountered a resupply mission accompanied by the new governor, . De La Warr soon convened the Council, which included Strachey, who also was chosen to be its secretary and recorder. (Matthew Scrivener had drowned in January 1609.) One of De La Warr’s first actions was to expand a set of rules, instituted by Gates, that governed the colony. The persistent and widespread perception was that, in, “sloath, riot and vanity” had been to blame for the famine. Strachey complained that “the headlesse multitude, (some neither of qualitie nor Religion) [were] not imployed to the end for which they were sent hither, no not compelled (since in themselves unwilling) to sowe Corne for their owne bellies.” As such, a new, stricter regime, “an absolute command,” was established, using these rules as a foundation for order. When Gates left for England on July 20, he took with him two manuscripts penned by Strachey: a report on the state of the colony and his account of the Bermuda shipwreck. The Virginia Company, in turn, addressed Strachey a letter—dated December 14, 1610, and signed by Sir Richard Martin—requesting his elaboration on life in Virginia, and, in particular, “how the Barbarians are content with your being there.” Little is known of Strachey’s specific activities in the colony from 1610 until 1611, although he clearly had repeated contacts with theIndians of , who were engaged with the English in the (1609–1614). He extensively interviewed two Indian men, Kemps and Machumps, both of whom spoke English. And he visited the Quiyoughcohannock and the Kecoughtan Indians. In September 1611, Strachey returned to England. Living in the Blackfriars section of London, Strachey immediately set to work compiling for the Virginia Company the colony rules instituted by Gates and expanded by De La Warr. On December 13, 1611, he entered for publication, and the edition was printed in London the next month. By contrast, the Virginia Company declined to publish Strachey’s account of the Sea Venture. Although he praised Gates and Somers, Strachey was forthright about the mutinies in Bermuda and highly critical of the Jamestown colonists’ “Idleness” and their leaders’ “misgovernment.” Ironically, he also may have been too effusive in his praise of Bermuda’s prospects for colonization, the English preferring to keep this information close lest it tempt the Spanish into populating the islands. Two versions of Strachey’s account exist: a rough draft, started in Bermuda and finished at Jamestown prior to De La Warr’s arrival; and a longer, more polished version begun after Strachey was appointed secretary. Dated July 15, 1610, the longer version was addressed to an anonymous “Excellent Lady,” probably the wife of a company official. Both drafts likely circulated among Londoners connected to the Virginia Company, and many scholars believe that Shakespeare used one of them as a major source for his play The Tempest, thought to have been written in 1610 and 1611. In 1625, the Reverend Samuel Purchas published Strachey’s longer draft as A true reportory in the fourth volume of Hakluytus Posthumus; or Purchas His Pilgrimes. He had obtained the manuscript from. In the meantime, Strachey labored on a history of his time in Virginia as suggested by Sir Richard Martin. He complained that “many impediments, as yet must detaine such my observations in the shadow of darknesse,” not least of these being disinterest on the part of the Virginia Company. Put off by Strachey’s criticisms, the company could also point to work published byand about to be published by Purchas on the same subjects. Strachey’s writing would be redundant and perhaps even counterproductive. As a result, Strachey looked elsewhere for support. In 1612 he dedicated his manuscript—The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia; expressing the cosmographie and commodities of the country, togither with the manners and customes of the people—to the former colony president George Percy’s older brother, Henry Percy, ninth earl of Northumberland. Northumberland was close to and , both of whom had been instrumental in the . Soon afterward, Strachey dedicated another copy to the wealthy merchant Sir Allen Apsley, who in 1620 became a charter member of the New England Company. In 1618, he dedicated a third version to Sir Francis Bacon. Strachey’s connection to all three dedicatees appears to have been minimal. Finally published by the Hakluyt Society in 1849, Strachey’s Historie has since proved to be a rich source of information about early Virginia Indian society, politics, and religion. “He was not prepared to be an ethnographer in the modern sense,” the anthropologist Helen C. Rountree has written about Strachey, “but he had a wider and more detailed curiosity about Indian life than any other writer of his time.” Strachey directly copied some of his material on Virginia Indians from Smith’s(1612), suggesting that, according to Rountree, “either he is corroborating Smith’s information or he does not know any better than to repeat it.” Little is known of Strachey’s apparently impoverished final years in London. On February 8, 1613, a London court ruled against him for an unpaid debt, and a letter survives in which Strachey, about to meet friends “returned from Virginia,” begs from an anonymous “Sir” twenty shillings “to pay for my dinner.” A poem by Strachey, “To the Cleane Contrary Wife,” was appended to a 1616 edition of A wife, a long poem by Sir Thomas Overbury, who in 1613 had been poisoned in one of the most sensational crimes of the day. Strachey’s wife Frances Forster Strachey died, probably sometime before 1615, and he married a woman named Dorothy. Nothing else about her or their marriage is known. During these years, Strachey kept a commonplace book, filled with various notes, book lists, and private thoughts, which is now in the possession of the University of Virginia. Three verses on death also survive,: “Harke! Twas the trump of death that blewe / My hower is come false world adewe / That I to death untymely goe.” Strachey died of unknown causes and was buried on June 21, 1621, in the parish church of St. Giles in the Camberwell district of the Southwark borough, London. He left no will, probably because he left no estate to be administered. In 1996, archaeological excavations at James Fort in Virginia uncovered a brass signet finger ring used to impress wax seals on documents. It is engraved with an eagle, the Strachey family symbol dating back to the coat of arms issued to his father in 1587. - For the Colony in Virginea Britannia. Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall, &c. (1612) - A true reportory of the wracke, and redemption of Sir Thomas Gates Knight; upon, and from the Ilands of the Bermudas: his comming to Virginia, and the estate of that Colonie then, and after, under the government of the Lord La Warre, July 15, 1610. (1625) - The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia; expressing the cosmographie and commodities of the country, togither with the manners and customes of the people (unpublished)

<urn:uuid:46b1a07f-ffc1-4727-a2de-5cbcdc868176>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/strachey-william-1572-1621/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

Two-dimensional imagery from satellites and airborne sensors has been an invaluable resource to the scientific understanding of ecosystems. With technologies such as lidar and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR), a third vertical dimension has been added to these data. Forest structural parameters such as tree density, height, and arrangement have a substantial effect on ecosystem functions and health, and the ability to have a more complete understanding of ecosystems over large areas has created a demand for such data. Lidar and IFSAR data are expensive, making repeat acquisition cost prohibitive. Recent advances in photogrammetry, however, have added a cost-effective method for collecting forest structure data using Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms with traditional aerial photography. In an effort to further reduce acquisition cost and improve 3D data, FWS scientists have been testing dual-oblique camera configurations. Instead of the standard nadir setup, with cameras pointed straight down, dual cameras were tilted at opposite angles of both 10 and 15 degrees. Images were taken using medium format Nikon D810 cameras. Point clouds and orthomosaics were produced using Agisoft Photoscan software. The 10 degree oblique configuration performed better than the 15 degree configuration, producing a slightly better point cloud and a superior orthomosaic. In particular, tree lean was quite apparent at the seamlines of the 15 degree configuation. Using dual cameras angled at 10 degrees produced results comparable to nadir and reduced acquisition time by 30%. With acquisition costs less than 10 cents/acre, it is feasible to resample areas for research and monitoring projects. Cameras mounted in oblique configuration and resulting point cloud.

<urn:uuid:176fcb39-797a-495f-9b82-17dd35b48c04>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://eros.usgs.gov/doi-remote-sensing-activities/2016/fws/developing-airborne-camera-systems-and-workflows-map-forest-structure

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

In the 10 years since the events of September 2001 a vast amount of scholarly research has been written on the impact of 9/11. Wiley-Blackwell is pleased to share with you this collection of free book and journal content, featuring over 20 book chapters and 185 journal articles from over 200 publications, spanning subjects across the social sciences and humanities. Simply click on your area of interest below to access this reading and learning resource today: Are you an animal lover if you dote on your cat but then happily tuck into a plate of chicken or pig? Do horses and apes have equal rights to humans? We spoke with Jean Kazez author of Animalkind: What We Owe to Animalsabout her exploration into the ethical tensions between animals and humans. The Philosopher’s Eye: Why did you decide to write Animalkind? Jean Kazez: I got the idea to write this book when I was working on my first book, The Weight of Things: Philosophy and the Good Life (Blackwell 2007). There are a few pages in there about what it is for animals to live good lives. I wanted to write more about that–“The Good Life for Dogs,” maybe? As I got started, the subject gradually changed. The truth is, billions of animals in the world are living very bad lives as a result of human decisions. I wound up writing a book that’s about animal lives, but also about our decisions. Continue reading “Interview: Animalkind – What We Owe to Animals” Evolutionary psychology is all the rage nowadays. Researchers from around the globe are looking at the interplay between a species’ behavior and its environment, past and present, in an attempt to crack the mysteries of how we came to be as we now are. The appeal is obvious. Darwin seems to have provided a successful explanation of our biological traits. Why not think our psychological traits are to be explained similarly? After all, psychology just is an expression of biology. If reflection on our hunched-back ancestors and their habitat can explain how we came to walk upright, why can’t such reflection also explain our anger over spousal infidelity, why can’t it explain our own infidelity, our altruistic and egoistic behaviors, etc? Continue reading “Evolutionary Psych: Too young to be this sexy?”

<urn:uuid:9c71ddf0-e330-4f1a-b7f8-f7ac886d45e0>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://philosophycompass.wordpress.com/tag/anthropology/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

When the US economy was trying to escape from the ghost of recession, and Europe and the eurozone were fighting against unprecedented economic and financial turmoil, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett launched the philanthropic initiative we now know as The Giving Pledge. “The Giving Pledge is an effort to help in the most urgent problems of society, inviting the world’s wealthiest individuals and families to commit to devoting more than half of their wealth to philanthropy or charity work, either during their lifetime or after their death. With these words, investor Warren Buffett and Microsoft’s founder Bill Gates summarized the project in the summer of 2010, when they presented their proposal to the entire world. Two of the biggest fortunes on the planet were united in an effort to provide help at a moment of extreme economic uncertainty. And not only that: they urged all the billionaires in the United States to follow their example. Buffett and Gates believe that uniting a group of people who will make public their intention to donate most of their fortunes, will help inspire other billionaires to do the same and to talk openly about philanthropy. At the same time, they hope that The Giving Pledge will become a forum where members can exchange ideas and knowledge about how to efficiently donate or bequeath money. The first call for action from Buffett and Gates was well received by America’s richest. Forty families, and individuals of wealth have already joined the cause. The vast majority comes from California, but there are representatives of 13 different states, whose fortunes originated from very diverse economic activities. Among them: former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg; Thomas S. Monaghan, founder of Domino’s Pizza; filmmaker George Lucas; Barron Hilton of the Hilton Hotel Chain; Ted Turner, founder of CNN; Larry Ellison, founder and CEO of Oracle, and a long list of others. Some of these families had already committed to donating to charity most of their fortunes, but still wanted to join this new initiative, which does not require that money be allocated to specific associations or charitable causes. Equally, individual motivations do not have to be the same for this elite group. For example, David Rockefeller, the famous American banker of German origin and patriarch of the Rockefeller family, wrote in the letter where he explains the reasons that prompted him to join The Giving Pledge: “our family strongly believes that those who have benefited the most from the economic system of our nation, have a special responsibility to return this benefit to our society in a meaningful way”. For their part, Gerry and Marguerite Lenfest say they feel good about themselves. Lenfest made his fortune when he sold his cable company to Comcast in 2000, a US $1.2 billion transaction. “The greatest achievement in life is how you feel about yourself. Donating your wealth and seeing that it has a positive impact on other people, greatly improves this feeling,” they remarked in their letter of motivation. Forbes magazine estimates that these first 40 American members of The Giving Pledge could donate about 150 billion dollars to philanthropic purposes, taking into account the fortunes they have accumulated. The project initiated by Buffet and Gates is not limited to the United States. By now, other fortunes from around the world have made the pledge. Billionaires from Australia, Germany, India, Malaysia, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom are already part of the project. Some additions to The Giving Pledge family are: Virgin’s Richard and Joan Branson, British investor John Caudwell; Australian mining magnate Andrew Forrest and his wife Nicola; Investment Funds Manager Christopher Hohn; British Telecommunications tycoon Mohamed “Mo” Ibrahim; South African mining magnate Patrice Motsepe and his wife Precious; Ukrainian investor Victor Pinchuk; Hasso Plattner, founder of the German company SAP; Vladimir Potanin, president and founder of the Russian entity Oneximbank; Azim Premji, the second richest man in India, founder and owner of Wipro Technologies; David Sainsbury, British politician and businessman; and Vincent Tan Chee Yioun, a Malaysian investor. Their nationalities may be different, but the aim of these philanthropists remains the same. “I am also very conscious that a person needs very little money to support himself and his family, and it brings home the sense that when one is blessed with great wealth, beyond what is needed, one has a moral and social responsibility to make good use of that money.” That is how Vincent Tan Chee Yioun explained in a letter his reasons to join the project. With this group of international philanthropists and other Americans who have joined this cause, The Giving Pledge already has more than 100 members committed to donating their fortunes without any legal contracts. “Our hope is that the effort will continue for generations to come,” declared Buffett and Gates. ■

<urn:uuid:e1a4614d-e456-4450-ac90-6b6c6df01070>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.azureazure.com/philanthropy/the-giving-pledge-220/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

NORTH TEXAS (CBSDFW.COM) - Today is Juneteenth the day our nation commemorates the de facto end of slavery in the United States. It was on this day in 1865 when Union soldiers told enslaved African Americans in Galveston, Texas, that the Civil War had ended and they were free. The war had actually ended in April, but that information wasn't readily disseminated to African Americans. Although President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation two years earlier, on January 1, 1863, it declared that "all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free," it only applied to states that had seceded and left slavery intact in border states like Texas and Southern states under Northern control. When Major General Gordon Granger and his troops arrived in Galveston with the news there were approximately 250,000 people still being held in slavery. Granger delivered General Order No. 3, which said: "The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor." The next year, the now-freed slaves in Galveston started celebrating Juneteenth. for more features.

<urn:uuid:9c2314b5-e63f-4ce5-9496-320ff9a5f015>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/juneteenth-slavery-galveston-texas/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

The experiment described in this article deals with the comparison of structures and mechanical properties of the Mg-4Y-3RE-0.5Zr (WE43) magnesium alloy produced by three different methods. A technique of additive manufacturing, selective laser melting (SLM), is compared with two conventional manufacturing techniques, casting and extrusion. Microstructures and chemical composition of present phases were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties were compared based on hardness measurement, compression test and three-point flexural test. Significant differences were found between the microstructures of WE43 alloy produced by different production processes. Measurements of mechanical properties showed similar mechanical properties of additively manufactured samples with as-cast samplesKeywords: Magnesium alloy, casting, extrusion, 3D printing, mechanical properties, microstructure © This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

<urn:uuid:468c01c5-d7f0-4e1b-9bbb-4db9ca7835b5>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.confer.cz/metal/2019/936-structure-and-properties-of-additively-manufactured-we43-magnesium-alloy

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

Self-esteem and depression are undoubtedly interconnected and several scientific studies explain how. Written and verified by the psychologist GetPersonalGrowth. Last update: 15 November 2021 Self-esteem and depression are inevitably connected to each other. Although there can be many factors behind a form of depression, clinical studies reveal that low self-esteem, over time, makes us very vulnerable to this condition. Not accepting ourselves and not harboring positive feelings towards ourselves, or experiencing a lack of self-esteem and depression, leaves us without psychological resources and without energy. When we talk about self-esteem, we refer to that set of feelings we have towards ourselves. Consequently, while self-perception involves this set of ideas and beliefs that define the mental image of who we are, self-esteem defines first of all an emotional component at the basis of human well-being. Low self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves, leading to alienation, dejection and a strong vulnerability when it comes to developing various psychological disorders. Knowing this, it cannot surprise us that psychologists and psychiatrists pay particular attention to this psychological dimension when dealing with depressive mirror disorders. Nonetheless, in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, low self-esteem is not counted among the diagnostic criteria of depression, but dimensions such as "the feeling of worthlessness". Researchers in the field of personality psychology, for their part, have always shown a strong interest in the relationship between self-esteem and depression. In these cases, the question to ask should be the following: “Is self-esteem a trigger for depression? Or is it rather depression that undermines self-esteem? ". Let's find out together. Self-esteem and depression: two models to explain the correlation Many times we get out of bed, take a shower, have breakfast, and go out without realizing we are naked. It doesn't matter what coat we wear, the brand of our jeans or the t-shirt, if we face the world every day with low self-esteem. Because from the fragile armor and thin cracks, abuse, fear, insecurity, negativity enter ... However, it is clear that depression has several facets, without forgetting the endogenous factors that we cannot always control. However, no one can argue that a mind overwhelmed with low self-esteem results in low effectiveness when it comes to addressing or managing simpler problems. The person with low self-esteem, in fact, usually observes the world with very dark glasses. To demonstrate the link between self-esteem and depression, we need to use scientific studies and, in particular, longitudinal research. In this way, and only recently, the University of Basel has published a very illustrative study on the subject, which can give us some answers. Let's see which ones. The vulnerability model According to the vulnerability model, there are people with a profile and personality characterized by low self-esteem. The subject in question will process the events by looking at them through a negative filter. This scheme also assumes the lack of resilience. The people who respond to this profile are themselves promoters of a reality from which to defend themselves, from which to be wary and towards which always act as a victim or as a secondary actor instead of perceiving themselves as the undisputed protagonists of their own life stories, deserving of opportunities and advocates of positive changes with which to overcome negative events. The authors of this study could note that in many cases people with low self-esteem try not to oppose, but to verify the negative self-concept, paying more attention and listening to negative comments on itself. Self-esteem and depression are correlated in the model of vulnerability, which is useful to outline a profile lacking in resilience and with low emotional solvency. The model of the scar We will now analyze the opposite view. According to the aforementioned study, it was also identified that depression is the element that often gives rise to low self-esteem.. This succession of desperate, negative and stressed feelings that torment the depressed mind are directly responsible for the decline in self-esteem. Let's sum it up. Is the vulnerability model better than the scar model that attributes low self-esteem to depression? The American Psychological Association (APA) has clear ideas: low self-esteem is an additional risk factor when it comes to developing various psychological disorders, including depression. In one of its publications this institution warns that self-esteem and depression are strongly correlated in cross-sectional studies and that it is essential to develop adequate prevention strategies in the adolescent population. The number of diagnoses continues to increase in this area. And what's worse, the number of suicides doesn't decrease either. We should always keep in mind the model of vulnerability that somehow does us reminiscent of the cognitive triad model of people most at risk of depression. It should be noted that these are profiles who have a negative view of the world, with little or no confidence in the future and who perceive themselves as worthless. These attributions, these approaches so limited and full of dark aspects lead us nowhere, much less to live a meaningful, full and hopeful life. Self-esteem and depression are certainly intertwined. Finally, it is good to invest time and effort in our personal universe, taking care of the garden of our self-esteem, bright and beautiful in every corner and aspect.

<urn:uuid:dfd8b481-7175-46c2-9b6a-82cfec7a20fb>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.getpersonalgrowth.com/en/self-esteem-and-depression-how-are-they-related

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

Some of the most dangerous risks of alcohol abuse are commonly known. They include a long-term dependence that can interfere with relationships and work responsibilities and negatively impact decision-making. Drinking and driving, unprotected sex, and accidental injuries are all dangers of frequent alcohol misuse. The long-term effects of alcoholism add further threats. Those who abuse alcohol are at an increased risk of developing one of several dangerous and potentially deadly diseases that can negatively impact the brain, nerves, muscle tissue, heart, stomach, liver, pancreas, and other organs. What follows are seven common alcohol-related diseases. While the risks associated with these conditions are very real, you can reduce your risks by limiting your alcohol use. If you need help reducing your alcohol consumption—or quitting altogether—ask for help from a trusted substance use disorder and recovery expert today. - Alcoholic Polyneuropathy. This disease of the peripheral nerves is caused by excessive alcohol use. It results in nerve damage and symptoms that include unusual sensations in the limbs, reduced mobility, and loss of some bodily functions. - Alcoholic Myopathy. This is a disease of the muscle tissue in which alcohol overuse weakens muscle fibers. Symptoms range from acute to severe and include muscle weakness, a decrease in muscle mass known as atrophy, muscle cramps, stiffness, and spasms. - Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. This form of heart disease is caused by the toxic effects of alcohol on the heart muscle. Excessive alcohol use reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, which can lead to heart failure. It is most common in men between the ages of 35 and 50. - Alcoholic Gastritis. Repeated alcohol use can irritate or erode parts of the stomach lining. As a result, the lining of the stomach becomes more sensitive and vulnerable to the acidic juices produced by the body to help digest food. - Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis is the most advanced form of liver disease related to drinking alcohol. The liver is responsible for filtering toxins from the blood. Excessive drinking over decades can start to cause scar tissue within the liver. When too much scar tissue develops, the liver can stop functioning. - Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis. Defined by long-lasting inflammation of the pancreas, the damage may not cause symptoms for many years until the condition exacerbates quickly. Symptoms of pancreatitis include upper abdominal pain that radiates into the back that can be worsened by consuming high-fat foods. A swollen abdomen that is sore to the touch, increased heart rate, fever, nausea, and vomiting are also common. - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Women who are pregnant and abuse alcohol not only put themselves at risk, they put their unborn child at risk of developing fetal alcohol syndrome, a condition that can cause congenital disabilities or in the worst case, fetal death. Other Alcohol-Related Risk Factors In addition to the alcohol-related diseases listed above, those who abuse alcohol long-term may be at higher risk of developing cancer, depressive disorder, epilepsy, high blood pressure, and stroke. Remember that heavy drinking is defined for men as five or more drinks in one sitting or 15 drinks or more during a week. For women, excessive drinking is defined as four drinks on one occasion or eight drinks over the course of a week. If you believe you may be at risk of developing a long-term dependence on alcohol and would like help reducing your consumption habits, talk to a substance use expert that you can trust today. The sooner you begin limiting your alcohol use, the faster you begin to reduce your risk for health complications later in life.

<urn:uuid:6015e228-f984-44ea-b1dc-ceefed0bbfec>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.horizon-health.org/blog/2019/07/seven-diseases-caused-by-alcoholism/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

What is Six Sigma and Why is it Important? Six Sigma refers to a set of techniques and tools that help organizations improve business processes. Organizations maximize performance and reduce product defects, which ultimately leads to higher profits. Introduced in its modern form in Protected content , the approach improves quality of output by identifying and eliminating causes of defects. Additionally, it contributes to the reduction of variability in business and manufacturing processes. As such, it remains a firm part of most business degrees, including the business administration program. The methodology revolves around disciplined and data-driven practices. It achieves the objectives by employing a variety of statistical and empirical techniques. Every project adheres to a series of well-defined steps aimed at reaching specific value targets. Some of the intended targets include improving customer satisfaction, minimizing operating costs, reducing pollution, boosting profits, and reducing cycle time. Six Sigma can provide a quantitative description of how a business or manufacturing process is performing. The description comes in the form of a statistical representation. Guest speaker: Gunsu van der Avoird Sorry, but you are not allowed to join this Activity Group! We are afraid that you cannot join, because the Consuls have limited access to this Activity Group. If you would like to explore other InterNations Activities in your Local Community, please have a look at this overview page.

<urn:uuid:f4766fdf-a7ba-4385-8884-115af8d3aba9>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.internations.org/activity-group/33607/activity/476746

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

Tuesday’s The Deadline To Get Monarch On Threatened Species List Tomorrow could be a very important day for the future of a beloved Bay Area insect. On Tuesday the US Fish and Wildlife Service is set to decide if the Monarch butterfly will be given protection under the Endangered Species Act.If you grew up in the Bay Area before the 1980s you likely had first hand experience seeing the Monarch butterfly’s life cycle up close in your elementary school classroom. You probably also feel like there were a lot more of the orange and black winged butterflies in the air. That’s because there were. Early numbers from the annual Western Monarch Count show that California’s migratory population is at an all time low, with possibly fewer than 10,000 monarchs overwintering in the state this year. Scientists say the decline in monarchs is caused by a number of factors — from pesticide use, to more severe weather, to habitat loss. In 2014, conservation groups petitioned that the insect be listed under the Endangered Species Act. Now the Fish and Wildlife Service, under the Trump administration, has until Tuesday to announce their decision. The new status would add teeth to efforts to protect the species. Biologists say the decline we’re seeing in the monarchs is parallel to a decline we’re seeing in other insect populations.

<urn:uuid:543e4676-7565-403b-9e25-c468c50b7e1f>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.kalw.org/news/2020-12-14/tuesdays-the-deadline-to-get-monarch-on-threatened-species-list

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

WHT: A Simpler Version of the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) you should know The fast Walsh Hadamard transform is a simple and useful algorithm for machine learning that was popular in the 1960s and early 1970s. This useful approach should be more widely appreciated and applied for its efficiency. By Sean O'Connor, a science and technology author and investigator. The fast Walsh Hadamard transform (WHT) is a simplified version of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT.) The 2-point WHT of the sequence a, b is just the sum and difference of the 2 values: It is self-inverse allowing for a fixed constant: Due to (a+b) + (a-b) = 2a and (a+b) - (a-b) = 2b. The constant can be split between the two Walsh Hadamard transforms using a scaling factor of √2 to give a normalized WHTN: That particular constant results in the vector length of a, b being unchanged after transformation since a2+b2 =((a+b)/√2)2+ ((a-b)/√2)2 as you may easily calculate. The 2-point transform can be extended to longer sequences by sequentially adding and subtracting pairs of similar terms, alike in the pattern of + and – symbols they contain. To transform a 4-point sequence a, b, c, d first do two 2-point transforms: Then add and subtract the alike terms a+b and c+d: and the alike terms a-b and c-d: The 4-point transform of a, b, c, d then is When there are no more similar terms to add and subtract, that signals completion (after log2(n) stages, where n is 4 in this case.) The computational cost of the algorithm is nlog2(n) add/subtract operations, where n, the size of the transform, is restricted to being a positive integer power of 2 in the general case. If the transform was done using matrix operations, the cost would be much higher (n2 fused multiply-add operations.) Figure 1. The 4-point Walsh Hadamard transform calculated in matrix form. The +1, -1 entries in Figure 1 are presented in a certain natural order which most of the actual algorithms for calculating the WHT result in, which is fortunate since then the matrix is symmetric, orthogonal and self-inverse. You can also view the +1, -1 patterns of the WHT as waveforms. Figure 2. The waveforms of the 8-point WHT presented in natural order. When you calculate the WHT of a sequence of numbers, you are really just determining how much of each waveform is embedded in the original sequence. And that is complete and total information with which you can fully reconstruct any sequence from its transform. The waveforms of the WHT typically correlate strongly with the patterns found in natural data like images, allowing the transform to be used for data compression. Figure 3. A 65536-pixel image compressed to 5000 points using a WHT. In Figure 3, a 65536-pixel image was transformed with a WHT, the 5000 maximum magnitude embeddings were preserved, and then the inverse transform was applied (simply another WHT.) The central limit theorem (CLT) tells you that adding a large quantity of random numbers results in the Normal distribution with its characteristic bell curve. The CLT applies equally to sums and differences of a large quantity of random numbers. As a result, C.M. Rader proposed (in 1969) using the WHT to quickly generate Normally distributed random numbers from conventional uniformly distributed random numbers. You simply generate a sequence of uniform random numbers, say between –1 and 1, and then transform them using the WHT. Similarly, you can disrupt the orderly waveform patterns of the WHT by choosing a fixed randomly chosen pattern of sign flips to apply to any input to the transform. That is equivalent to multiplying the WHT matrix H with a diagonal matrix D of randomly chosen +1, -1 entries giving HD. The disrupted waveform patterns in HD then fail to correlate with any of the patterns seen in natural data. As a result, the output of HD has the Normal distribution and is actually a fast Random Projection of the natural data. Random projections have a wide number of applications in machine learning, such as locality sensitive hashing, compressive sensing, random projection trees, neural network pre and post-processing etc. Walsh (Hadamard) Transform: - Essential Machine Learning Algorithms: A Beginner’s Guide - All Machine Learning Algorithms You Should Know in 2021 - An easy guide to choose the right Machine Learning algorithm

<urn:uuid:4770c4ef-340f-4383-8070-dac0184fd2dd>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.kdnuggets.com/2021/07/wht-simpler-fast-fourier-transform-fft.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

What Is a Prokaryotic Cell? Prokaryotic cells are single cells that evolved before eukaryotes, which are organisms whose cells contain nuclei and organelles. A prokaryotic cell has no true nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles. Prokaryotic cells are usually bacterial species. Prokaryotic cells are small and range in length from 2 to 5 micrometers. Some prokaryotes live in hostile environments on the ocean floor or in areas devoid of oxygen. Prokaryotes living in these types of environments have adapted to using different types of compounds for energy. Prokaryotic cells reproduce through binary fission, in which a cell grows and divides, and the two resulting daughter cells are exactly alike. Although prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei or organelles, they have certain structures adapted to their way of life. A cell wall gives these cells shape and strengthens them. Their genetic material is circular in shape and lies in a region of the cell called the nucleoid. Some prokaryotes also contain plasmids, smaller circles of genetic material that can be transferred from one organism to another.

<urn:uuid:3c8478d6-75ca-443a-84de-e41a84480be4>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.reference.com/science/prokaryotic-cell-478448b5d31ffdf2

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

Stories about beauty, travel, itineraries, art, sustainability, innovation, as well as the food and wine experience, to highlight our rich and unique southern Italian cultural heritage. Even though Pompeii is one of the most popular archaeological sites worldwide, few know that the Archaeological Site of Pompeii also specializes in archaeobotany. Archaeobotany is a branch of archaeology that studies how plants and trees used to be and how they used to grow in the past. An interesting example is the study of ancient wine-making processes. In Pompeii, with the cast technique, they have managed to find exactly where grapevines were planted 2000 years ago and what type of grape grew in Pompeii. They then planted inside the archaeological site the same type of grape that grew there 2000 years before. In September, the grapes are harvested and wine is produced from them by hand (or rather by foot!) with the same methods that were used by the Pompeians – fermented in wine barrels produced with the same wood found during excavations. 1000-1500 bottles of “Villa dei Misteri” wine are produced each year. It is one of the most prestigious wine in Campania, costing more than €100 per bottle. Hidden in the Cilento National Park, located in the province of Salerno in the southern part of the Campania region, are the majestic Pertosa Grottos, also known as the “Angel Grottos.” Stretching over a mile and a half, to enter the path on foot you have to first enter by boat to cross an underground river. It is said that the grottos were formed 34 million years ago with a shape changing over time from water flowing from a duct of the Tanagro river. They were supposedly lived in before the stone age, used by Greeks, then Romans, and then consecrated by Christians for the archangel Michael. Today there is a place in the grotto used as a theater. It is a very unique experience, especially with the new projection systems that light the theatrical performances. In 1932 this amazing natural treasure opened to the public, and ever since has been an important location for tourism in our region. The Isle of Capri is one of the most famous islands in the world, visited by millions of tourists every year. However, even in this popular tourist destination, there are hidden gems, like the The Church of San Michele Arcangelo (the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel) that aren’t as well known or well visited as they should be. This incredible church was built in Anacapri at the end of the 17th century by the initiative of a nun from Capri, Mother Serafina, as a dedication for her prayers having been answered for the protection of the Austrian empire against the invasion by the Turks. The Church of San Michele Arcangelo features ornate decorations from floor to ceiling—but especially its floor. In 1761, Leonardo Chiaiese hand painted every tile of the church’s floor to create a massive artwork depicting the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. In the past, the church’s pews covered Chiaiese’s masterpiece, but today you can see the majolica tiles exposed in all their glory. You can view them from the ground floor, standing and walking along a wooden beam to help preserve the tiles, or from above on the second floor. This magnificent tile floor as well as the High Altar were financed by the Prince of San Nicandro, who was also the private tutor to Ferdinand IV of Bourbon, who later became the the King of Naples and Sicily. On each side of the alter sits an angel, each carved from a single piece of marble. To visit this cultural treasure costs a mere two Euros and is located in Piazza San Nicola, just a short walk from anywhere in Anacapri. Not only baroque, Vesuvius, and pizza. Once the capital of a kingdom, Naples boasts a bountiful contemporary art scene, rich in creative street art. A contemporary, young and biting Naples, which is designing new itineraries in the city. Large murals, stencil paintings, poster art, and graffiti make up a widespread web of artwork, which change the face of entire buildings, tell stories, and send messages. The Patron Saint, a cult icon, returns in large dimensions painted on the facade of a building at the end of Spaccanapoli: it is a piece of art by Neapolitan street artist Jorit Agoch, who has been decorating the city of Naples and the province with a series of striking hyper-realistic murals on historical and contemporary characters, with a strong political significance. Powerful faces that wear two red stripes on their cheeks as a distinctive sign, a sort of tribal scratch with which the artist marks his human tribe all over the world. Jorit started out as a graffiti artist, tagging walls and creating pieces influenced by the street-art scene in the USA. He combines the energy and vitality of old-school hip-hop with the historical style of Italian Masters. In his own words: “Graffiti is the voice of protest and popular anger that, from the ghettos of the big metropolis, demand being heard.” Artists from all over the world have been inspired by the crumbling walls of Naples and have expressed their inspiration on the city’s ancient facades, adding modernity and creativity all whilst respecting and maintaining the city’s ancient and honorable past intact. Banksy, one of the most famous street artists in the world, donated the mural “Madonna with a Pistol” to Naples, placed at the foot of the Girolamini Church. The British artist, whose identity is still unknown, represented an ecstatic Madonna with a gun instead of a halo. Endlessly surprising and charming, Naples is a city that radiates an elegant and slightly decadent beauty, with Baroque monuments at the most improbable street corners; however, equally captivating is the power of Naples’ street art that over the years seem to have become an integral part of its identity. The magnificent Royal Palace, the historic center, Mount Vesuvius, the Ovo Castle – Naples, with its breathtaking views and popular sites such as these, has always been a privileged natural setting for television and film productions. Few places in the world can boast such an impressive array of unique locations. Defined by Vittorio De Sica as “the most cinematic city in the world”, Naples is an open-air set since the beginning of the history of cinema: it was immediately filmed by the Lumière Brothers at the end of the nineteenth century, and home to the first production houses and cinemas in Italy. Over the years, filmmakers have taken advantage of the city, making it the location for their movies – for its beauty, of course, for its artistic tradition for music and theatre, and mainly for its overflowing stories and passions, represented in both comic and dramatic art. Naples has been widely represented in national and international cinematography: great directors have succeeded in capturing its essence over the years, with the films of Mario Monicelli, Roberto Rossellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Ettore Scola, Dino Risi, etc. It hosts a cinematic tradition that has been revived in recent years with the works of Mario Martone, Antonio Capuano, and Ferzan Özpetek.Even the Oscar winner and amazing storyteller Paolo Sorrentino has decided to return to his hometown of Naples to shoot theintimate and personal drama “The Hand of God,” about his youth in 1980s Naples, a Netflix Italian original to be presented in September at the Venice Film Festival. Naples has kept its beauty intact and the city will never cease to have its natural scenography, a forge of ideas, and its infinite stage of situations and feelings – fantasy and irony, ancient wisdom and great euphoria, but also solidarity and suffering. If you love cinema, you just can’t miss the opportunity to join our course History of Italian Cinema and experience how the contradictive energy released by the city has been able to produce a priceless heritage of images for cinema. After the pandemic, travelers will increasingly choose nature tourism – living outdoor experiences, participating in excursions that lead to more direct contact with the surrounding environment, and paying attention to the well-being of the planet. The Amalfi Coast, magically suspended between the blue sky and the iridescent sea, is heading its tourism in this direction to continue enchanting visitors. To protect this naturally wonderful landscape, The Amalfi Coast Tourism District is implementing a large project focused on sustainable mobility to promote electric vehicles, micro-mobility and the installation of e-charging stations. The main aim of the initiative is to reduce the environmental impact and congestion resulting from the vehicle traffic on the road, as well as to support commuting residents. Moreover, the use of electric scooters along the coastal road will enhance the experience of those who visit the Amalfi Coast. There is a valuable experimental program in responsible tourism called Authentic Amalfi Coast, a portal that aims to propose alternative and lesser-known travel destinations. The goal is to make the coast smarter and support the culture, tourism, and sustainability of the territory, providing information and services, experiences like rentals, agri-food, trekking as well as sustainable mobility operators. Also on its way is a pedestrian and cycle path project, about two kilometers long, to enjoy an extraordinarily breathtaking view of the “Divine Coast.” It will connect Amalfi and Ravello, passing through the beautiful village of Atrani. This incredible touristic route, with a low environmental impact, will be built on the outer stretch of the coast, overlooking the sea and safeguarding people walking or cycling along the Amalfi coast. The tiny, beautiful island of Procida has recently won the title of Italy’s Capital of Culture for the year 2022, becoming the first-ever island to do so since the award was established in 2014. Located in the Gulf of Naples, the vibrantly colorful Procida is a small island with no more than 10,000 inhabitants and a long history that dates back to around the 15th century BCE. Its colorful houses, typical of the Mediterranean area, have inspired writers and filmmakers alike– from ancient Roman poets like Virgil to modern-day authors like Elsa Morante, whose Arturo’s Island is set right on Procida; to directors like Michael Radford and Anthony Minghella, who filmed their respective movies Il Postino and The Talented Mr Ripley on the island. The proposal that earned the island the award La Cultura non Isola – Culture does not Isolate – is capable of conveying a poetic message, a vision of culture that reaches out from the tiny reality of an island as a well-wish for all of us, especiallyfor our country in the months to come. The cultural project presents excellent elements of attractiveness and includes 44 projects spanning art, urban regeneration, environmental sustainability and more, involving 240 artists and 40 original works. The cultural-based, local development project of Procida as the Italian Capital of Culture 2022 has been recognized as a European good practice and included in the peer learning program of the Cultural Heritage in Action project of the European Commission. Long live Procida as it will accompany Italy and the Campania Region in the year of its rebirth.

<urn:uuid:324d840b-1a7a-47b2-8f65-32a06ac0cb7f>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.santannainstitute.com/come-and-feel-the-south/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

In today’s society both children in educational settings and adults in workplaces are exposed to a wide assortment of information technology that allows learning and production of knowledge to take place in a variety of ways. Walter McKenzie, the Instructional Technology Coordinator for Arlington Public Schools, asks: With the Information Age evolving so rapidly, how do schools adopt a new model of thinking and learning that adequately parallel’s society’s demands? The change is already taking place in classrooms across the country. But, if we as teachers tend to teach in the same ways that we ourselves were taught, how then do we break away from the standardized, homogeneous approach to schooling that we knew as students? (McKenzie, 2002, p. 5). McKenzie claims that the Information Age requires workers to have the ability to access information and manipulate information in a variety of ways using digital tools, allowing them to evaluate information using critical-thinking strategies and problem-solving skills in ways that allow them to interact with colleagues to complete complex tasks and present information and ideas in novel or unique ways. It appears then that two issues face teachers of today. The first issue is the need to recognize that the Information Age has brought new demands on how we teach our students within classroom settings. Many students come to school already exposed to technology that allows them to learn in a variety of ways at home such as the use of computer game software, interactive learning Web sites, television with DVD’s, and talking books to name just a few examples. The second issue is how do we, as educators, make changes in the ways we were traditionally taught and make better use of technology so that we help our students develop the information, literacy, problem-solving, collaboration and creativity skills they need to be successful in today’s workplace? In March 2004, a group of teachers (two second grade teachers and the technology resource teacher at Deer Park Elementary School in Centreville, VA) attended several sessions on the use of interactive whiteboards in the elementary school setting at the Virginia Society for Technology in Education (VSTE) Conference in Roanoke, VA. In particular, we saw an ACTIVboard that uses a computer connected to a projector and a touch-sensitive whiteboard. The projector displays images from the computer and the computer is controlled by touching the board with an electronic pen. Teachers can display Internet Web sites, run educational software, show live video, give multimedia presentations, all in an effort to engage students in interactive learning (Fernandez and Luftglass, October 2003). Intrigued by the claims of the presenters at the VSTE Conference that the use of this technology promotes interactive teaching and learning, we asked our school’s principal to purchase an ACTIVboard (produced by Promethean, Inc.) for our school. Our principal suggested that we “field-test” the use of this interactive tool with a group of students and conduct a year-long study of its effects on promoting interactive teaching and learning before he purchases other ACTIVboards for use throughout the school. He allocated a resource room close to the second grade classrooms to house the ACTIVboard, and we promptly dubbed the room “The Board Room.” He also bought a laptop and a projector that were dedicated for use with the ACTIVboard. In addition, we obtained an Impact II Teacher-Researcher Grant from our school system to support our year-long study. We used the grant funds to purchase ACTIVotes, hand-held voting devices used by the students to record their individual responses to questions asked during the whiteboard lessons. After voting to indicate choices to questions, the students’ responses are shown as bar graphs on the whiteboard, showing how many students voted for each possible response and which response was the actual correct one. During the year we received support and guidance from our school’s Teacher Research Team (TRT) as we went through the process of collecting and analyzing data for our research project. Our first guiding question was, “ How does the use of the ACTIVboard promote interactive teaching and learning?” We felt this question was particularly important because as teachers, we wanted to discover and develop ways of using the ACTIVboard that will change our traditional relationship with our students as transmitters of knowledge to enablers of learning. We also wanted to discover how the use of whiteboard technology can be used to tap into the various multiple intelligences and learning styles of our students and learn what happens when it is used to promote interactive learning and the development of literacy, problem-solving, creativity, and collaboration skills with our students. So, our second guiding question was, “How does the use of the ACTIVboard support instructional strategies that lead to the development of literacy, problem-solving, creativity, and collaboration skills of students?” Most of the published research on the use of interactive whiteboards comes from the United Kingdom, little so far from the United States. The ACTIVboard’s parent company, Promethean, Inc. is located in England, although the distributor in the United States is located in Atlanta, Georgia. Julie Cogill at King’s College at the University of London, conducted a small scale study of two schools involving interviews of five teachers and observations of the teachers and their students using the whiteboard technology. Her study was entitled, “ How does the interactive whiteboard affect teaching and learning?” (Cogill 2002). Two major research questions guided her inquiry: - What is happening in the whiteboard classroom? - What is the pedagogical approach of teachers using an interactive whiteboard? Cogill found that the teachers did not, in general, feel the use of the whiteboard had really changed their classroom practice. She determined that one reason for this finding was that the use of the board was too infrequent to assess change. Cogill’s observations, however, led her to conclude that, “Even though the board may not necessarily be changing the teachers’ practice, it was enabling them to teach with greater flexibility.” (Cogill, p. 35). Two of the teachers Cogill interviewed felt that the whiteboard was empowering them to become more “facilitators of learning” rather than just “purveyors of knowledge.” Cogill’s observations of these two teachers confirmed that she saw this type of interaction happening between the teachers and their students (Cogill, p. 40). The most interesting concluding statement Cogill made in her report was: Teachers were employing the board effectively to provide initial lesson structure, but further scaffolding to meet individual needs did not occur. In general, the board was not being used to instigate higher order discussion and collaborative work, although I did observe one example of such whole class engagement (Cogill, pg. 41). Researchers at Cascade, a multimedia interactive training center at the Centre for Educational Studies at the University of Hull, Scarborough, UK, spent two years looking at the identification of effective practice in over 200 classroom observations in schools and colleges throughout England. One of the questions that guided their work was, “What are the advantages of using an interactive whiteboard for teaching literacy?” The Cascade researchers found that many teachers reported being able to control the software that is used with the whiteboard and as they interacted with the whiteboard, it helped students visualize and remember concepts, and process information and ideas. “Some ideas are dependent on the type of software being used. In addition, using sound and video clips can also enhance literacy teaching. Being able to see and hear text spoken will be very useful for many students. Some whiteboard software allows you to click on a link to start a sound or video file.” ( Walker, 2004) Pamela Solvie, an English primary teacher, reports that when using the interactive whiteboard for shared reading and guided writing, her first-grade students were quite interested and contributed to her lessons. In addition, when helping her prepare theme projects to share with parents, Solvie states, “Students were actively engaged in the preparation of slides with graphics and text to demonstrate their understanding of thematic material.” (Solvie, Feb. 2004, p. 4) After reviewing the articles and studies from English primary classrooms on the use of the whiteboard, we reviewed the literature on the importance of using technology to improve pedagogical skills and promote active student learning. Robert Marzano (1998) conducted a meta-analysis of 100 research reports on instruction and identified and reviewed categories of instructional strategies that enhance student achievement. Then Marzano, Pickering and Pollock (2001) identified nine categories of instructional strategies that are most likely lead to enhanced student achievement when they wrote their book, Classroom Instruction That Works: Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement. Then Kathy Brabeck, Kimberly Fisher, and Howard Pitler (February 2004) took the nine strategies and showed specific examples of how technology could support those instructional strategies in their article, Building Better Instruction: How Technology Supports Nine Research-Proven Instructional Strategies. We believe that the nine instructional technology strategies mentioned in this article can be directly applied to effective uses of the whiteboard: - Classroom practices associated with identifying similarities and differences, including comparison and classifying tasks. - Summarizing activities (deleting or substituting information that is not critical to the overall meaning of text) and note-taking (determining what is most important and stating that information succinctly). - Reinforcing student effort and providing recognition for solving problems, deducing a correct answer or achieving specific goals. - Mastering skills through practice. - Learning new knowledge through both linguistic and non-linguistic ways (drawings, images, diagrams, video clips and kinesthetic movements). - Cooperative learning (working with others to complete a task). - Setting objectives and providing feedback (including an explanation of why an item is correct or incorrect, letting students know where they stand relative to a specific target of knowledge or skill). - Generating and testing hypotheses (planning and conducting simple investigations, formulating and testing questions, making observations and developing logical conclusions). - Using cues, questions and advance organizers to give students a preview of what they are about to learn or experience and activate their prior knowledge. - Lesson Delivery - Student and Observer Reactions - Instructional Strategies (specifically the nine instructional strategies listed by Brabeck, Fisher & Pitler.) Using the find and sort feature of the software program, topic cards were created for each category. This process enabled us to explore relationships between concepts and determine frequency of occurrences. In order to determine how the use of the whiteboard facilitates and promotes interactive teaching and learning, we triangulated the data from four data sources: - Our analysis of student work samples completed by students following whiteboard lessons. - The consolidated information on the Data Collector topic cards. - The paper and pencil survey responses of the students who indicated what they liked and did not like about using the ACTIVboard. - What we saw students doing when we reviewed the videotapes and digital images taken during ACTIVboard lessons. - They liked moving graphic objects around the screen with the pen. - They liked using the ACTIVotes to indicate their choices for answers when the teachers asked quiz questions. - They liked playing an instructional game or engaging in an interactive Web site activity with other team mates on the board with the whole class being able to watch and cheer them on. Observers (two special education inclusion teachers and a visiting technology specialist from another school) noted the value of using this technology for tapping into multi-sensory avenues of learning. For example, when the technology resource teacher taught a lesson to fifth grade students who were learning to plot points on a grid to win a race car game, a special education teacher wrote in her observation/reflection about the lesson: I liked it because you know there are always students who are not going across and up/down to plot points during the classroom lesson, and in a big group with everyone working at a desk, it’s not always easy to see who is doing it wrong. With the ACTIVboard, we were able to watch each student plot their path and correct them as needed. Also, the students loved watching the activity so they had the reinforcement of watching others plot their points. Since they were trying to “win” the race, they were very motivated and paying strict attention. It is hands on, which uses a kinesthetic sense, so hopefully more students will remember the lesson. The technology specialist who visited us from another school noted in her observation/reflection report to us that when ACTIVotes were used, “the students’ votes were compiled and shown as bar graphs with class discussions focusing on how people used factual thinking. Students were able to make choices and shared their preferences for making responses to questions [posed by the teacher].” She also noted that the use of the ACTIVotes was especially good for reviewing previously learned lessons for tests. Nine Instructional Strategies. How does the use of the ACTIVboard relate to improving pedagogical skills and promoting active student learning? We looked for evidence in our data that addressed the nine instructional technology strategies that Brabec, Fisher and Pitler (2004) said are effective in promoting student achievement. We found evidence that the lessons the teachers taught using the ACTIVboard fell into each of the nine categories: - Similarities and Differences- Most of the ACTIVboard activities involving comparing, contrasting and classifying concepts were math, social studies and science lessons: - Summarizing and Note-taking- Graphic organizers and list charts were most commonly used for writing and reading lessons: - Reinforce Effort and Recognition- Voting with the ACTIVotes and seeing how votes were cast through bar graphs reinforced correct responses. Students actually cheered when their whole class gave a correct answer. Oral discussions often occurred, giving students opportunities to discuss why they had chosen specific answers. - Homework and Practice- Some of the PowerPoint presentations teachers created and used with the ACTIVboard were posted on the school’s Blackboard Web site for homework review. Practice activities using the ACTIVboard in school included lessons on: - Linguistic and Non-linguistic learning- Using graphics to illustrate words and concepts was the most common use of the ACTIVboard. However, having students move word boxes to complete CLOZE reading sentences was another way for teachers to assess students understandings. Other specific lessons were: - Cooperative Learning- Students worked in pairs, teams of students or one at a time when responding at the board. When using the ACTIVotes, they worked in pairs or alone when voting. Students had to discuss their choices with one another, giving reasons for those choices, and at times they had to “negotiate” in order to come to a compromise. - Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback- Using the ACTIVboard to use images or story planners to retell stories or create a story was the most common example of setting objectives. Again, the use of the ACTIVotes was the most common way to provide feedback to responses. - Generate and Test Hypotheses- Making observations and developing conclusions were most evident when the teachers developed PowerPoints to teach students about science and social studies concepts. For example, when showing a presentation on the Hopi Indians, students were shown pictures of pueblos built under cliffs. When asked why they thought the houses were built there, students had to discuss (collaborate with one another) to generate viable reasons and then used ACTIVotes to give their best responses. - Using cues, questions and advance organizers- Comparing, contrasting and categorizing activities gave children opportunities to see a preview about what they would be learning, activate prior knowledge, or review concepts previously taught: - Students matched money words to images and values of coins. - Students used highlighting pens to show patterns on a 100’s chart. - Students used clipart to show similarities and differences between the United States and Mexico (people, places and traditions). - Using images, students completed compare-contrast charts to indicate the characteristics of insects. - Students chose images to show “opportunity cost” in an economics lesson by showing two objects on a screen (such as a hamburger and a teddy bear) and asked the students which one they would want to have. Once an object was chosen, the other was dragged from the screen showing the remaining object. The object eliminated was known as the opportunity cost because it was the object that was sacrificed. - Completing story planners to write fairy tales or story retellings. - Completing data retrieval charts with images of animals so students could have visual reminders of ideas to use when writing about the animals. - After reading a “big book” on the ACTIVboard screen, students completed column lists of short vowel words found in the story. - Using counting back strategies using number charts. - How to study spelling words using “look, cover, write and check” spelling practice exercises. - Re-grouping in math using virtual manipulatives (ones and tens blocks). - Creating maps to include mountain ranges, rivers and lakes using a template map of the USA. - Demonstrating the concepts of “how many more?” by creating stacks of virtual blocks to compare number values. - Using graphic images to convey story elements (Example- a student used an unhappy face, a deer and a skunk to convey the “problem” in the story that involved a skunk spraying a deer in the forest). - Using story planners, students used images and words to show beginning, middle and end of stories. - Using VENN diagrams, students used cultural, political and economic images relating to Mexico and the U.S. to show their understandings of same and different. - Students found images of creatures to show which creatures are insects and which are not insects. What were the carry-over effects of the ACTIVboard lessons? Many of the lessons began in the ACTIVboard room and involved follow-up work in the classroom. One second grade teacher gave this example of how she saw the use of the ACTIVboard tying into two areas of effective technology uses: We did a math lesson today in the boardroom about adding two digit numbers. We used ten sticks on the ACTIVprimary software to add two digit numbers in the tens counting pattern. The children recorded the answers in their math book. They took turns using the ten sticks on the board to help solve the problems. After doing three or four problems together with the tens sticks, the kids seemed to understand the pattern. Most were able to quickly solve the problems without using manipulatives. When we returned to the classroom children independently completed a practice paper with these kinds of problems, they all did very well. This lesson incorporated two strategies: homework and practice and nonlinguistic representations. There were also a number of unexpected examples of extended student thinking. During an observation that the technology resource teacher made during the Hopi Indian lesson, she noted: I noticed one boy making a math problem out of each ACTIVote response. For example, in one response 6 students voted one way, and 9 students another way to the question, "Which Hopi game would you like to play? The dart game or field hockey?" After looking at the bar graph showing 6 and 9 votes, he said, "That's 6 plus 9 making 15 of us!" During the same lesson, she observed: A girl student offered a suggestion to her teacher after the class had just used the ACTIVotes to make a response to a question, "You should add a question to that. You should ask the children which vegetable (based on what the Hopi eat) would you like to eat? Corn? Beans? or Squash?" - Brabeck, K., Fisher, K., & Pitler, H. (2004). Building better instruction: How technology supports nine research-proven instructional strategies. Learning and Leading with Technology, 31(5), 7-11. - Cogill, Julie (2002). How is the interactive whiteboard being used in the primary school and how does this affect teachers and teaching?, from www.virtuallearning.org.uk/whiteboards/ IFS_Interactive_whiteboards_in_the_primary_school.pdf. - Fernandez, J. & Luftglass, M. (2003). Interactive whiteboards: A powerful learning tool. NAESP, 83(1), 63. - Marzano, R.J. (1998). A theory-based meta-analysis of research on instruction. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. - Marzano, R.J., Pickering, D., & Pollock, J. (2001). Classroom Instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement . Alexandria, VA: Association for Curriculum and Development. - McKenzie, W. (2002). Multiple Intelligences and Instructional Technology. International Society for Technology in Education. - Solvie, P. (February 2004). The digital whiteboard: A tool in early literacy instruction, from http://www.readingonline.org/electronic/rt/2-04_Column/index.html - Turner, S. and Handler, M. (1992). Data Collector. Santa Barbara, CA: Intellimation: Library for the Macintosh. - Walker, R. (July 2004). The Review Project, from http://www.thereviewproject.org/primary/literacy/pri_lit_index.htm - Interactive Whiteboards for Interactive Teaching and Learning - The following lessons can be found in ACTIVPrimary or in ACTIVStudio 2. - When we refer to the “Activities Explorer” we are clicking on this icon in ACTIVPrimary. - When we refer to the “Resource Library” we are clicking on this icon in ACTIVPrimary. - When we refer to “Teacher Tools” we are clicking on this icon in ACTIVPrimary. - Resource Library, Numeracy, Shapes, Named Shapes The shapes can be used to introduce shapes. - Activities explorer, Primary numeracy, KS1-shapes This activity is a question and answer review of plane and solid shapes. 4. Number Order Activities explorer, Primary numeracy, number order In this activity you can choose 1, 2 or 3 digit numbers and practice putting a group of numbers in order. 5. Addition and Subtraction Resource Library, Numeracy, Blocks or Counters Use these as virtual manipulatives to solve addition and subtraction facts. 6. Place Value Resource Library, Numeracy, Place Value Use these as virtual manipulatives to solve addition and subtraction facts and to make two-digit numbers. Resource Library, Numeracy, Counting Use these pictures to show doubles. Use the pencil to write the addition or subtraction fact that goes with the picture. Resource Library, Numeracy, Money, Dollar Use these coins to practice counting money. Science: ACTIVPrimary Software 1. Food Chains Activities explorer, Secondary science, Food Chains Follow the directions to create and learn about food chains. Activities explorer, Secondary science, Forces Simple physics activities using push and pull Activities explorer, Secondary science, Magnets Study of the north and south poles of the magnet 4. Animal Habitat - Resource Library, Activities and Games, Colouring In Choose a habitat background and use the paint can to color. - Resource Library, General, Animals Click and drag appropriate animals into the habitat. 5. Insect/Not an Insect Resource Library, General, Animals, Invertebrates Click and drag insects to review insect characteristics. 6. Teacher Created Flipcharts ACTIVStudio 2 software - Forest Critter Quiz — a review of forest animals (with ACTIVotes) - Sonoran Desert — an introduction or review of the desert (with ACTIVotes) - Teacher Created Flipcharts - - ACTIVPrimary Map of the world - a review of continents and oceans - ACTIVPrimary Map of the USA - a review of Virginia and the surrounding states - ACTIVStudio 2 Hopi Indians - an introduction or review of Hopi Indians (with ACTIVotes) - ACTIVStudio 2 Powhatan Indians - an introduction or review of Powhatan Indians - ACTIVStudio 2 Sioux Indians - an introduction or review of Sioux Indians (with ACTIVotes) - ACTIVStudio 2 Punxsutawney Phil - a Groundhog Day celebration (with ACTIVotes) Interactive Web site - NativeTech (Learn about Native American art, games and clothing.)

<urn:uuid:4cfdbd25-089f-40df-acae-9c65bbb9fb07>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.techlearning.com/news/interactive-whiteboards-for-interactive-teaching-and-learning

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

In the 1990s and 2000s, I recorded & documented disappearing musical traditions from South and Southeast Asia for The British Library. British Library Audio Project Cataloguer Jim Hickson has written a wonderful article about one of my recordings from India – music performed not only in a temple, but also on a temple. The Shri Vijaya Vittala Temple sits among the breath-taking and sprawling ruins of the ancient city of Hampi, in Karnataka, India. Dedicated to Vittala, a manifestation of the god Vishnu and his avatar Krishna, the temple began construction sometime in the 15th or 16th centuries but was never finished – the city was destroyed in 1565. The impressive temple is famous for many reasons, including a giant stone shrine in the shape of a chariot, which is pictured on the ₹50 note. It is also known for its 56 musical pillars. Each of the temple’s eight main pillars are surrounded by seven smaller pillars. When these small pillars are struck with the hand or a wooden beater, they ring in a clear, bell-like tone. Not only that, but each pillar in a set is tuned to a different note, meaning that together they sound a scale on which music can be performed.… Read the full story The musical pillars of a medieval Indian temple here. Photos by Aroon Thaewchatturat.

<urn:uuid:94fc5895-7ae8-418c-8c31-85e298cccc10>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.tomvater.com/country/india/documenting-music-for-the-british-library-the-musical-pillars-of-a-medieval-indian-temple

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

Research suggests internet option for voting could increase turnout in elections More than four in 10 adults not planning to vote in tomorrow’s general election would be more likely to do so if online voting was available, new research for broadband advice site Cable.co.uk has revealed. It found that 42% of non-voters would be more likely to vote via the internet, with the figure being 50% for those who were still deciding whether or not to visit the polling station. Approaching half (47%) of the all 1,746 UK adults who took part in the research, regardless of their intentions for voting in-person in this election, said being able to vote online would increase the likelihood of them doing so. Almost a quarter (24%) of those who were certain they would not vote this time said that, if they had to vote it would be for Labour. 16% would vote for the Conservatives, 14% for UKIP, 6% for the Liberal Democrats and 6% for the Green Party. Perhaps surprisingly, the introduction of online voting would make the least impact on 18-24 year-olds, with only 31% of all respondents in this age group saying it would make them more likely to vote. Those aged 35-44 were the most inclined to vote online, with a figure of 64%. On a regional basis, Londoners were the most enthusiastic about online voting, with 68% saying they would be more likely to vote via the internet. Dan Howdle, consumer telecoms analyst at Cable.co.uk, said: “It seems that if voting were made easier, more of us would do it. Makes sense, but it’s nevertheless somewhat shocking that so many with no plans to vote would do so if it saved them a short trip to the nearest polling station. “Online voting is almost certainly the future. The key question is whether such a system can be adopted in a way that is beyond the potential interference from hackers.” His comments reflect an ongoing debate about the security implications of enabling people to vote online. Cable.co.uk quoted Professor Tim Watson, director of the University of Warwick’s WMG Cyber Security Centre, as saying the risk to individual voters would be minimal, but that hackers could target individual devices as they are the “soft end of the chain”. “If there are a significant number of people voting from one location like a library or community centre, that could be a tempting target especially in a marginal seat,” he said. “If a hacker finds a way into the system they could sit between the voter and the internet service provider and potentially change those votes.” But “the Government would be monitoring things all the time and could refer to historical trends and patterns of voting – and can monitor the effects of malware”. The survey was carried out by Atomik Research between 4-6 June. Of the 1,746 adults responding, 245 said they were not intending to vote and 56 were unsure. Image from League of Women Voters of California, CC BY 2.0 through flickr

<urn:uuid:4da6b0d0-4795-4449-8473-0f070e2f946f>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.ukauthority.com/articles/survey-shows-42-of-non-voters-would-do-so-online/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

What is a good definition of Innovation? According to Wikipedia: "The term innovation derives from the Latin word innovatus, which is the noun form of innovare "to renew or change," stemming from in-"into" + novus-"new". Although the term is broadly used, innovation generally refers to the creation of better or more effective products, processes, technologies, or ideas that affect markets, governments, and society." How does a company approach the challenges of innovation in a way that produces results with least effort and risk and in a way that is so easy you could consider it fun? Innovation and Creativity: Improving cognitive function to stimulate the flow of innovation in any organization. What if there is a way to create an environment that renders everyone in that environment more creative, more innovative, with greater capacity for team collaboration, along with an ability to sense future trends? Automation in Innovation: Nature is constantly innovating. How can an organization harness Nature's Innovative Abilities to stimulate change in an evolutionary direction that will lead to sustainable progress? Giving the Customers What They Want: How can you satisfy the most fundamental needs of your customers? How is it possible to know what your customer wants? What is it that every customer wants? Every customer wants to be satisfied with their purchase. But user satisfaction is not always easy to come by. What if your product or service could automatically bring satisfaction to your customer on a fundamental level, let's say on a cellular level? Now that would make innovation a lot easier, wouldn't it? If a product or service measurably creates customer satisfaction on a cellular level, market share, and brand loyalty would be easier to come by. ...More to come on how to increase user satisfaction with fewer resources. And how to create signal quality that not only improves technological performance, but also improves the performance of living systems, including human performance.

<urn:uuid:2544e95f-d3bf-48f7-9dcf-d389d3e87917>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.upgradingtechnology.com/whatisinnovation.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00488.warc.gz

en

Creating a Learning Network for Kingdom Builders! Part 1: Bread and Wine Elements #church #pr-filled #communion #supplies Do you know the history of communion, which begins with the last plague of Moses over the land of Egypt, which then became known as the Passover. Bread in Communion. In the first Passover in Exodus, unleavened bread came about because the children of Israel had to pack and leave Egypt in haste. Unleavened means that the bread had no time to rise. Pharaoh had commanded they leave immediately. During the Passover meal, the host breaks the bread and says something like, “This is the bread of affliction, which our fathers ate in the land of Egypt. Let all who are hungry come and eat. Let all who are in want, come and celebrate the Passover with us. May it be God’s will to redeem us from all evil and all slavery.” It was at the serving of this bread to His disciples that Jesus said, “This is my body, broken for you.” Wine in Communion. Also in the first Passover recorded in Exodus, a lamb was sacrificed to sprinkle blood on the two doorposts and door lintel. In the last plague, the blood on the posts and lintel stopped the death angel from taking the first-born’s life within that house. With sacrificing the lamb, a life had already been given in place of the first-born’s life. This pointed to Jesus’ sacrifice as the God the Father’s “First-Born.” Our trusting His death to substitute for our own places Jesus as our “Savior.” (Article cont’d.) ----------------------------------Article Continues Below Advertisement---------------------------------- Pre-Filled Communion Cups — Celebrate Your Freedom! The Sacrament of Communion, or the Eucharist (which means “Thanksgiving”) is the most sacred aspect of Christian faith, the greatest mystery, the greatest sorrow, the greatest blessing, and, when examined closely, the very heart of our Lord Jesus Christ’s life and teaching. Communion is to be approached with humility, confidence, and prayer. Communion consists of bread and wine. The bread signifies Jesus’ body, both broken and providing nourishment — the bread of life. The wine signifies Jesus’ blood, His loss of life and our gaining life — there’s life in blood, as another Scripture says. Back in Jesus’ day, bread and wine were common foods. So obviously Jesus wants His children to remember Him daily and continuously. “Do this in remembrance” means “WHENEVER you eat, remember Me.” At the Last Supper, Jesus was celebrating a specific Jewish High Holy Feast Day, called the Passover, and He gave new significance to the broken unleavened bread and the third cup of wine. (Third cup of wine — see below.) Pre-Filled Communion Cups — Celebrate Your Freedom! -----------------------------------------Article Continues Following----------------------------------------- (Article cont’d.) A certain part of the lamb was cooked and prepared for the meal, signifying that the lamb’s sacrificed body gave life and nourishment to the partakers. When Jesus served the wine during communion, He said, “This is my blood, which is shed for the remission of the sins of many.” Third Cup of Wine. During the Passover Celebration, four cups of wine are served. The third is the “Cup of Blessing.” We know Jesus took the third cup because the Gospels say, “After supper He took the cup,” and cup three is the one served after supper. At this point the Passover celebrants say, “I will take this salvation cup, and I will call upon the name of the Lord.” During the serving of this cup Jesus said, “This is my blood shed for you.” He called attention to Himself as our blessing and salvation. Even if the Gospels have been misinterpreted and Jesus’ cup is actually the fourth one, it still fits. Cup four is the “Cup of Melchizedek,” and Jesus is a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek. Many changes have taken place with this celebration since Moses’ first Passover and Jesus’ instituting Communion. But He who it all represents is the I AM, unchanging yesterday, today, and forever. As you can see, the spiritual benefit for Jesus’ “Family” celebrating Communion IS OUT OF THIS WORLD! Transparent, reusable glass like durable acrylic crystal, dual compartment communion cups are dishwasher safe and... START NOW — Pre-Filled Communion Cups — Celebrate Your Freedom! This patented communion set offers a communion wafer and grape juice in one sanitary, single serving container. 100 pre-filled communion cups per box... Where in the Bible does it say, Jesus stated that "this SIGNIFIES my Body"! In fact, when Jesus told them about this doctrine in John 6, many people found the literal meaning too hard to believe and Jesus DID NOT CORRECT THEM and in the end of John 6, it says MANY of His Disciples walked away and did no longer follow Him. Here's a good explanation of what was taught about the Holy Eucharist up until Martin Luther changed it (for his church) in the 1500's. The Catholic church continues to teach what was taught in the Bible. Checking out "Communion / History of: Part 1: Bread and Wine Elements" on KingdomInsight: http://ning.it/rpZfkJ #worship #church #prayer Church Ministry Needs 54

<urn:uuid:2a89172b-042c-4a69-b41b-015c81d3224c>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

http://kingdominsight.ning.com/forum/topics/communion-eucharist-history-of-communion-part-1?page=1&commentId=2691844%3AComment%3A73408&x=1#2691844Comment73408

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

North Korea/South Korea: U.S. Policy at a Time of Crisis The Korean peninsula, divided for more than fifty years, is stuck in a time warp. Millions of troops face one another along the Demilitarized Zone separating communist North Korea and capitalist South Korea. In the early 1990s and again in 2002-2003, the United States and its allies have gone to the brink of war with North Korea. Misinterpretations and misunderstandings are fueling the crisis. "There is no country of comparable significance concerning which so many people are ignorant," American anthropologist Cornelius Osgood said of Korea some time ago. This ignorance may soon have fatal consequences. North Korea, South Korea is a short, accessible book about the history and political complexites of the Korean peninsula, one that explores practical alternatives to the current US policy: alternatives that build on the remarkable and historic path of reconciliation that North and South embarked on in the 1990s and that point the way to eventual reunification. What people are saying - Write a review We haven't found any reviews in the usual places. Conquered and Divided The View from Pyongyang The View from Washington The Road to Unification About the Author Other editions - View all According Agreed allies American arms army Asian attempts become building Bush administration capital China Chinese Clinton administration cold communist considered containment continued crisis deal Defense divided early East Asia economic engagement established Europe exchange February forces foreign policy Framework Germany globalization hand hard-liners human hundred important independent industrial Institute interests investment issue Japan Japanese June Kim Dae Kim Il Sung Kim Jong launch leaders maintain March ment military million missile negotiations North Korea nuclear October officials organizations party peace peninsula percent play political Press Pyongyang reforms regime region relations remains Report Review Russia Seoul side simply society South Soviet Soviet Union strategy Taiwan thousand threat tion trade troops United University wanted Washington weapons York

<urn:uuid:159e5938-4974-4866-9b10-337ac7442d09>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://books.google.ca/books/about/North_Korea_South_Korea.html?id=6qp5YujxCiUC

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

Passive methods of protecting a diver from cold exposures are constantly being sought as alternatives to active heating systems. All passive thermal protection techniques share one common advantage over their active heating counterparts; they have no requirement for energy storage or energy distribution. This advantage tends to make passive protection less complex and usually less expensive. Unfortunately in severe cold water, passive systems have customarily required divers to use thick, layered insulating garments worn beneath waterproof diving suits to reduce the loss of body heat to the surrounding cold water. These suits tend to be excessively bulky — inhibiting diver mobility; inherently buoyant — requiring 40–60 pounds of lead weights to make the diver neutrally buoyant; difficult to keep waterproof — an uncertainty that could fatally reduce the diver’s thermal protection during long duration missions; and only minimally effective in protecting the divers’ extremities. Even the best conventional drysuits have been found to be inadequate to meet the full requirements for long duration missions in near freezing waters. The objective of the research reported in this paper has been to provide the diving community with improvements in thermal protection for long duration, cold water missions. The unconventional approach proposed here, the use of liquids as an insulating medium for divers’ suits, shows promise as a means of significantly surpassing the performance, and acceptable durations, of conventional drysuits. Laboratory testing of conceptual insulating concepts are reported.

<urn:uuid:a9694e1d-bb9d-4b72-be19-5999b88b3e57>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://computationalnonlinear.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/proceedings-abstract/IMECE97/18534/225/1138955

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

In our Literature class we are analyzing a new poem called «Tiger in the Menagerie» by Emma Jones. We were given an assignment in which we had to see some videos in our teacher’s blog, and then analyze the poem in our own blogs. Background of Emma Jones: - Born to an Australian mother and a British father - Raised in Sydney - After getting a degree in English, Emma Jones moved to the university of Cambridge where she recieved a Ph.d. - Her first volume of poetry had the distinction of being published by Faber. No one could say how the tiger got into the menagerie. It was too flash, too blue, too much like the painting of a tiger. At night the bars of the cage and the stripes of the tiger looked into each other so long that when it was time for those eyes to rock shut the bars were the lashes of the stripes the stripes were the lashes of the bars and they walked together in their dreams so long through the long colonnade that shed its fretwork to the Indian main that when the sun rose they’d gone and the tiger was one clear orange eye that walked into the menagerie. No one could say how the tiger got out in the menagerie. It was too bright, too bare. If the menagerie could, it would say ‘tiger’. If the aviary could, it would lock its door. Its heart began to beat in rows of rising birds when the tiger came inside to wait. FIRST STANZA: «No one could say»: the first line in the poem suggests that the tiger’s presence is a mystery. And this already gives the idea that the tiger could be a symbol in the poem. Menagerie: a collection of wild animals kept in captivity. It can also be interpreted more widley to refer to a collection of people or things. Repetition of «too«. Simile: «Like the painting of a tiger» gives a hint that the tiger is the representation of something else. SECOND STANZA: «Time for those eyes to rock shut» It signifies a loss of consciousness, and the word «rock» suggests it is a gentle process. The tiger is becoming one with the bars of the cage. THIRD STANZA: In this stanza the tiger and the bars of the cage finally merge. FOURTH STANZA: «They walked together in their dreams so long» The tiger and the bars are know together and they have a dream. Fretwork: patterns or decoration on a surface made by cutting into or through the surface FIFTH STANZA: «The sun» & «One clear orange eye» imagery on the sun and the eye. SIXTH STANZA: «No one could say» again there is mystery. «Too brigth, too bare» We don’t know if these adjectives refer to the tiger, the sun, or both. SEVENTH STANZA: «Aviary» (It is an enclousure for keeping birds) maybe it symbolizes freedom. «It would lock its doors» Because the tiger is dangerous for the birds. «Its heart began to beat in rows of rising birds» there is alliteration. «The tiger came inside to wait» What is the tiger waiting for? Maybe for the chance to eat the birds. -Delusions of mankind -Our true nature -The power of nature -Violence inside civility. -Violent and menacing (in the end)

<urn:uuid:87603ee5-357e-49e1-bf79-5752991c8cbb>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://florenciaclaps.cumbresblogs.com/2017/03/20/tiger-in-the-menagerie/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

A flyby of Enceladus earlier this week by NASA's Cassini spacecraft sent back several new images of the moon after plunging through a geyser of water and other particles shooting out of the cold moon's surface. Though the flight though the mysterious particles lasted only tens of seconds, as Cassini raced along at about 19,000 miles per hour, the spacecraft captured stunning images of the strange world and data about its chemical composition. Detailed analysis of the samples of the gas and dust from the plume could answer whether the ingredients for life can exist this far out in the solar system, about 10 times as far from the sun as the Earth is. Earlier this year, Cassini data revealed a global ocean beneath the icy crust of Enceladus, suggesting the moon might have the capacity to support life. Among the goals for the latest flyby is to determine how life-friendly that ocean is. "Cassini’s instruments do not have the capability to detect life itself," said Cassini project scientist Linda Spilker, to NASA's magazine Astrobiology. "Those instruments can, however, make powerful measurements about the ocean and its potential habitability." Earl Maize, Cassini’s deputy program manager at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, explained further the probe’s abilities. "Cassini has instruments that are capable of detecting complex organic molecules," Maize told the magazine. "However, the instruments are not capable of determining whether the processes are biological or geological." Enceladus is a tiny moon, measuring just 300 miles in diameter. (If Earth's moon were the size of a basketball, Enceladus would be the size of an apricot.) Despite its small dimensions, it is one of the few places our solar system known to have water present, raising an intriguing prospect for life outside Earth. "If [life] arose twice in one solar system, the implications for ... the universe as a whole are profound," said Curt Niebur, Cassini’s program scientist, during a press briefing. Since 2004, Cassini has looped around Saturn and its many moons. The small satellite will buzz by Enceladus just once more, on Dec. 19, 2015, before ending its mission with a plunge into Saturn's atmosphere in 2017.

<urn:uuid:6a95f592-b08d-4267-aa63-2ce831c4fca4>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1031/Why-the-plume-of-Enceladus-is-surprising-NASA-scientists

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

Khartoum Sudan Food WASHINGTON - Sudan is facing one of the worst food shortages in the Middle East and North Africa, according to the United Nations. This month, ten humanitarian partners in Sudan, including the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and UNICEF, published a report showing that 9.6 million Sudanese suffer from high levels of acute food insecurity due to conflict, high inflation and COVID-19. The report says that the current food crisis in Sudan has been caused by continued displacement, soaring food prices exacerbated by the COID 19 pandemic, and lack of access to basic food. Food insecurity affects 9.6 million internally displaced persons in Sudan and 1.8 million people in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Sudan). Overall, the number of internally displaced persons is expected to remain at 1.9 million, up from 1 million in 2014, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Subsidised fuel prices for diesel, gasoline and diesel vary in different parts of the country - electric vehicles vary depending on their proximity to ports. Fuel prices in the informal market will remain between 40 and 50% above the national average in Central Sudan, while fuel prices in informal markets will be between 20 and 30% above the national average over the same period, as they have been. Sudan Airways, the national carrier, will connect with its regional partner Ethiopian Airlines for the first time this year. Buses will depart from Khartoum International Airport (KIA) on Monday and Tuesday for Darfur, Kordofan, Juba, Darfuri and Cuba. The main tarred road runs from Khartoum to Wad Medani and then south to El-Obeid, which then continues west to the Chadian border with Darfur. South of KharTOUm the road also leads to Al-Fashir and El O both, which is a bit dangerous at the moment. Kartoum, the capital of Sudan, is located at the confluence of the White and Blue Nile rivers, where they connect and flow north to Egypt and then south to the Mediterranean Sea. This hotel is arguably the best value in Khartoum and offers one of the only rooms in Khartoum overlooking the Nile. This hotel is located 39 km southwest of Port Sudan, the most popular tourist destination in Sudan and the second largest city in the country. It is Sudan's only developed summer resort in terms of hotels, restaurants and other amenities, and is home to the largest private golf course in the world. If you don't know anyone in Sudan, you have at least a handful of new friends when you leave, and you would be a fool if you didn't learn about caring for others when you know how they live. If you are not comfortable practising in front of a camera or even in a room full of other people, then I would not recommend that travellers visit Sudan. I say I should do it because I myself never want to live outside Sudan, but even if I were not, I recommend it to every traveller visiting Sudan because of the food, culture and people. The meat dish in Western Sudan is agaschai, where the meat is cooked on coals and breaded before cooking. This barbecue method comes from Sudan and is practised by my friend on the Nile. Sudanese culture, food is a big part of it and you rarely sit down to eat. Omer also believes that the western regions of Sudan, especially Darfur, have some of the most interesting Sudanese dishes, because during its sultanate (1650-1850) there was a remarkably rich food culture that is handed down to us today. Asida can also be made with cassava and is found in Algeria and Libya, where it is consumed with honey (called posho in Swahili) and Fufu in Ethiopia. Kisra is typical and baked in Central Sudan, although it is often a very African type of carbohydrate. The British ruled Sudan and Egypt, many Egyptians moved to Sudan during the civil war, and as the situation in Sudan deteriorated, some of their families stayed, with Sudan becoming their home. South Sudan split from what is now Sudan in 2011, though it is believed to have destroyed some of its beautiful diversity. Many West African food also ends up in Sudan, often on pilgrimages to Mecca. Sudanese meals during Ramadan are very nice, especially the Aseda and Niaimiyah, "Bedawe said of them. She noted that Ramadan in Sudan is very different from Morocco or America and has its own temperament. It is light, nutritious, healthy, tasty and delicious, she said. The food in Sudan is diverse, but I do not think it is necessary to define the place of eating, as a brief introduction and experience are sufficient. I do not believe that Sudan's food regulations are the same as those of the United States.

<urn:uuid:d61ff4b6-9f7d-45f4-afa9-972b0bf26906>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.hellokhartoum.com/local_articles/food/45883/khartoum-sudan-food

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

by J. I. Packer You see that a person is justified by what he does and not by faith alone. JAMES 2:24 In the New Testament, faith (believing trust, or trustful belief, based on testimony received as from God) is crucially important, for it is the means or instrumental cause of salvation. It is by faith that Christians are justified before God (Rom. 3:26; 4:1-5; Gal. 2:16), live their lives (literally “walk,” 2 Cor. 5:7), and sustain their hope (Heb. 10:35-12:3). Faith cannot be defined in subjective terms, as a confident and optimistic mind-set, or in passive terms, as acquiescent orthodoxy or confidence in God without commitment to God. Faith is an object-oriented response, shaped by that which is trusted, namely God himself, God’s promises, and Jesus Christ, all as set forth in the Scriptures. And faith is a whole-souled response, involving mind, heart, will, and affections. Older Reformed theology analyzed faith as notita (“knowledge,” i.e., acquaintance with the content of the gospel), plus assensus (“agreement,” i.e., recognition that the gospel is true), plus fiducia (“trust and reliance,” i.e., personal dependence on the grace of Father, Son, and Spirit for salvation, with thankful cessation of all attempts to save oneself by establishing one’s own righteousness: Rom. 4:5; 10:3). Without fiducia there is no faith, but without notita and assensus there can be no fiducia (Rom. 10:14). God’s gift of faith is a fruit of applicatory illumination by the Holy Spirit, and it ordinarily has in it some measure of conscious assurance through the witnessing of the Spirit (Rom. 8:15-17). Calvin defined faith as “a firm and sure knowledge of the divine favor towards us, founded on the truth of a free promise in Christ, and revealed to our minds and sealed on our hearts by the Holy Spirit.” Justification by works (things we have done) is the heresy of legalism. Justification, as Luther insisted, is by faith only (“faith apart from observing the law,” Rom. 3:28), because it is in Christ and by Christ only, and depends on what he is as distinct from what we are. But if “good works” (activities of serving God and others) do not follow from our profession of faith, we are as yet believing only from the head, not from the heart: in other words, justifying faith (fiducia) is not yet ours. The truth is that, though we are justified by faith alone, the faith that justifies is never alone. It produces moral fruit; it expresses itself “through love” (Gal. 5:6); it transforms one’s way of living; it begets virtue. This is not only because holiness is commanded, but also because the regenerate heart, of which fiducia is the expression, desires holiness and can find full contentment only in seeking it. When James says that faith without works is dead (i.e., a corpse), he is using the word faith in the limited sense of notita plus assensus , which is how those he addresses were using it. When he says that one is justified by what one does, not by faith alone, he means by “justified” “proved genuine; vindicated from the suspicion of being a hypocrite and a fraud.” James is making the point that barren orthodoxy saves no one (James 2:14-26). Paul would have agreed, and James’s whole letter shows him agreeing with Paul that faith must change one’s life. Paul denounces the idea of salvation by dead works; James rejects salvation by dead faith. Though the believer’s works do not merit salvation and always have something imperfect about them (Rom. 7:13-20; Gal. 5:17), in their character as expressions of the love and fidelity that faith calls forth they are the basis on which God promises rewards in heaven (Phil. 3:12-14; 2 Tim. 4:7-8). For God thus to reward us according to our works is, as Augustine noted, his gracious crowning of his own gracious gifts.

<urn:uuid:1b99a392-7af9-440a-a599-8fddb65ebea7>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.monergism.com/works-good-works-are-expression-faith

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

Causes of climate change are geologic over the long term. But when people speak of Global warming, and climate change now, they invariably are referring to the steady, and alarming, human caused warming that marks the last two hundred years. Inter glacial periods, volcanoes, and meteor strikes, of course impact earth’s temperature. They always have, and always will, but this article will deal with human activity, since that is the only cause which we have influence over. Increased levels of CO 2 are primarily from emissions. Not only from cars, motors, engines of all kinds, but also from increased farming, less wild lands, more humans using more energy, and industrial production. These five things combined have steadily increased dramatically over the last one hundred years, and effects are already felt quite severely in places like Bangladesh, and New Orleans. Low lying areas are susceptible to rising oceans, and tend to be our most densely populated places, because they are typically ports, and water ways of commerce. Due to glaciers disappearing and ice melt, the waters rise. Also, as in the case of hurricane Katrina, warmer air over the gulf, lost buffer boundaries of outlying islands and reefs, and ignored science warnings from experts resulted in “a perfect storm.” Temperature rise also is a result of less carbon sinks. That is, those places, including the oceans, where carbon is usually stored, such as forests, plains, green ways, and jungle are rapidly disappearing, or experiencing more fires,pollution, storms, droughts, and over use of arable land. Once the soil is depleted, it ceases to be fertile, moist, and protected by natural balances designed by nature. That is why agriculture to feed seven billion people is more and more challenging each day. If done efficiently, as with the goal of protecting land and productivity, agriculture could be advantageous, but most people are poor, and will work for the short term gain of food rather than stewardship of soils and forests. Those who are not poor, obviously care more about profit than pollution. In the richer nations, constant production and consumption in industry, heating, cooling, and transportation fuels, are not regulated fairly, or for the long term. In fact, the richest corporations on earth have an immense investment, subsidized by your tax dollars, to lobby hard to create MORE pollution. Their public relations campaigns, far better funded than science, and human interest causes, sell the idea that they are global leaders in “going green.” This refers to their bank coffers, and not your clean air, water, soil, and food. Please remember who is paying for all those touchy, feely, Eco friendly ads. You are! You pay at the pump, in your diet, on your taxes, and at your health care clinic. However, the greatest cause of global warming by far, is that people will habitually do as all others are doing, thinking that if it were “bad”, things like waste, garbage, cheap disposable goods, and all that traffic, would be stopped, or at least seriously curtailed. Humans are instinctively altruistic, so we need to believe we are doing nothing wrong. Denial, then, the fact that we believe there is nothing we can do to conserve, or even that conservation would somehow even further damage the economy, is by far the greatest cause of Anthropocene global warming. Changing doom and gloom to hope and appreciation of resources will turn this around, or possibly, the coming apocalypse, once a crucial tipping point is reached. We only value clean air, water, food, and soil when we suddenly realize we are losing them, or they are prohibitively expensive. It takes an informed public to change a light bulb, but it takes an enthusiastic, positive, and reighteously demanding public to change the world.

<urn:uuid:98428e8f-dc4e-4906-ba35-f56f95fca4a1>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.sciences360.com/index.php/cause-of-climate-change-debate-over-earth-global-warming-hoax-how-people-can-conserve-8294/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

Within twelve hours, a beluga whale and a Pacific white-sided dolphin at Shedd Aquarium both delivered calves. The arrivals follow the birth of another beluga calf just ten days earlier, on Friday, August 21. In an increasingly urbanized and nature-deficient world, the births are part of a deep commitment to understanding and connecting the public with these two incredible species for generations to come. Sunday evening, Naya (NYE-ah), a 31-year-old beluga, delivered two calves -- an incredibly rare event that scientists believe occurs at a rate of less than 1% for the species. Naya gave birth to her first calf at 7:00 p.m. Hours later, she delivered a second calf that was stillborn. At just 66 pounds, the first-born calf is considered premature -- a result of twinning, which brings a unique set of developmental hurdles. Naya is currently swimming with her surviving calf. Our hope is to witness nursing and bonding between the two, and significant growth in the calf, in coming days. Naya is recovering normally following the two deliveries. There is no documented case of twin beluga calves born in the wild. To our knowledge, Naya’s calf represents just the second known instance of a surviving twin in any cetacean species. Monday morning, Katrl (kuh-TREHL), a 33-year-old Pacific white-sided dolphin, delivered her calf at around 6:20 a.m. after about two hours of labor. Upon delivery, Katrl immediately helped the calf swim to the surface to take its first breath. The animal care team has already observed mom and calf swimming together and will be watching for nursing behavior in the hours to follow. Katrl is recovering normally. “As we celebrate our new additions, we recognize the need to do all we can to support the mothers, and calves, so that they thrive,” said Peggy Sloan, chief animal operations officer at Shedd Aquarium. “In an extraordinary year of unpredictability, Naya’s historic pregnancy highlights our need to understand beluga reproduction. It also underscored that every birth is significant and contributes to advancing science. Even with a difficult outcome, such as the stillbirth of one of Naya’s twins, we understand the cycle of life and loss and continuously strive to learn from these experiences.” Animal care and veterinary experts will continue around-the-clock monitoring to ensure that Naya, Katrl and their respective calves have all the support that they need. Scientific observation of the calves will continue as the animal care team collects data on nursing rates, calf growth, mother/calf interactions, etc. Additional updates on all new arrivals will be shared via Shedd’s Facebook, Twitter and Instagram pages. Shedd will also make an announcement when guests may have the opportunity to come in and see the calves for themselves. Every birth at Shedd Aquarium is significant - both for our community and for our world. The aquarium continues to deeply invest in the health and welfare of all 32,000 animals who live there – including these new calves. This responsibility has even greater weight during this unprecedented time. We are grateful to our community who supports and enables this work through their visits, memberships and direct contributions. For those interested in providing important support during this time, you can learn more about ways to give at https://www.sheddaquarium.org/about-shedd/support-us. VISUAL NOTE: Visit the following links to download high-resolution photos and footage from Naya and Katrl’s delivery: Naya Calf: https://personal.filesanywhere.com/fs/v.aspx?v=8e6a6a8b58627677ad98 Photo credit: ©Shedd Aquarium/Eva Ho and Brenna Hernandez Video credit: ©Shedd Aquarium/Brenna Hernandez Katrl Calf: https://personal.filesanywhere.com/fs/v.aspx?v=8e6a6a8b58636fabaaae Photocredit: ©Shedd Aquarium/Brenna Hernandez Video credit: ©Shedd Aquarium/Brenna Hernandez and Sam Cejtin

<urn:uuid:7363c006-a0b4-4f57-ab8e-0b052282be04>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.sheddaquarium.org/about-shedd/press-releases/dolphin-and-beluga-whale-deliver-subsequent-babies-at-shedd-aquarium

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

Water from exhaust pipe car. By then water would have already entered the car cabin. When the engine cools down completely and exhaust gasses exit the combustion chamber condensation of water and carbon dioxide can be noticed much more and in a moment like this you notice water dripping from your cars. So after cooling down the remaining exhausts gasses find their way out of the chamber. Take note while water is dripping white smoke is also noticed if head gasket is damaged. The car has not been driving long. Water is the end result or the by-product of the combustion process. So the liquid water drips out of exhaust with the carbon mixed in it making it black. Water dripping from exhaust is a common issue. Always remember that it is not an unusual phenomenon to find black or white smoke. There is nothing wrong water is a byproduct of gasoline combustion. Since the exhaust system is designed to extract the heat from combustion and place it out the back of the car the longer the pipe the more the heat dissipates as it travels through those pipes. So the liquid water drips out of exhaust with the carbon mixed in it making it black. You can run your vehicle at high speeds for forty minutes or more in just one month. The water drips are visible after the condensation process is over. Itll be the only way for the water vapor produced by your catalytic converter to get out. This can lead to water in an exhaust and result in the water vapor turning into water droplets that fall from your cars tailpipe. So the liquid water drips out of exhaust with the carbon mixed in it making it black. It aids in emitting exhaust gases produced during the fuel combustion process. So after cooling down the remaining exhausts gasses find their way out of the chamber. The gases use the exhaust pipe to leave the room. However if it continuously dripping after several or during running then check the cylinder head gasket for damage. Exhaust pipe leaking water. Why Water Comes Out of Your Cars Exhaust Pipe DIY and car review with Scotty Kilmer. Just like with the old model theres a button on the dash that says H2O Press it and water begins to come out of a pipe which has been relocated just. An exhaust pipe is a vital component of every car with a combustion engine. As combustion takes place in your vehicles engine whenever the vehicle starts a mixture of water and carbon dioxide is formed.

<urn:uuid:d42c69bd-38d0-49a3-8bca-24a729147843>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://xoopsbr.org/water-from-exhaust-pipe-car/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00488.warc.gz

en

Commemorating the 200th anniversary of Central American Independence 14.10. – 16.10 2021 FS Global History (University of Vienna) & Center for Inter-American Studies (C.IAS) (University of Graz) On September 15, 2021, five of the seven Central American Republics will celebrate the 200th anniversary of their independence (bicentenario) from the Spanish Crown in 1821. The multidimensionality of the process requires a profound and interdisciplinary analysis due to the complex process of political emancipation with its multiple effects on the historical development in a cultural and ethnic enormous heterogeneous region. Scholars within Central America and beyond have pointed out the necessity of shifting perspectives. Many of them are based on new archival sources as well as new research methods, which also demand a critical revision of traditional historiography. Often historical discourses of the 19th and early 20th centuries have served as founding myths of the individual nation-states. During the last decades, they were constantly deconstructed by different scholars. Recent studies in the field of Global History have contributed to a better understanding of this world region, which will also be discussed in the colloquium. This conference seeks to bring together scholars to reflect on global, international, and transnational perspectives on the independence of Central America in 1821 and its impact until today. Visions, motivations, and perspectives from Central America reflecting on these changes with impact on the region until today will be discussed in terms of political, social, and economic reorientations. - Independence movements, restauration, and the Independence of 1821 (1780-1821) Bourbon reforms and resistance / Conspiracies, uprisings and other independencies / Revolutions in the context of the Revolutionary Atlantic - Between separatism and unification. Socio-political concepts and utopias during the Federal Republic of Central America (1823-1841) Federalism and Republicanism / Congress of Panama (1825/26) / Morazanism / Civil Wars / Dissolution of the Central American Republic // - The consolidation of National States in Central America in the age of Imperialism (1841-1870) US-American Filibusters / Agrarian capitalism / Identity politics / Dept policy / Foreign Visions about Central America (travelers/scientist) / - Anti-Imperialism in the Age of Dollar Diplomacy and Big Stick (1870-1941) Caste Wars and the Republic of Yucatán / “Banana Republics” and US-Interventionism / Freemasonry / Anti-Imperialism; Panama Canal / Antiimperial Movements / Proto fascist Dictatorships - Dictatorship during WWII and Cold War in Central America (1941-1979) Dictatorships and Populism / Panamericanism and Alliance for Progress / Arbenzism and Fidelism / Welfare State Costa Rica / Torrijism / Central American Integration System / Protests and Civil Wars - Revolution, Democracy and Neoliberalism (1979 – 2009) Nicaraguan Revolution / Guerrilla War in El Salvador / The Independence of Belice / Drug trafficing and Noriegism / Contadora Group / Guatemalan Peace Treaty / Economic unifaction and political fragmentation / ALBA - Commemoration of the 200 anniversaries of Independence 1821 in 2021 Traditional Historiography and revision of the bicentenary (beyond the national frame) / Memory and Legacy / Commemorations Concept and Organization: Laurin Blecha (University of Vienna) Christian Cwik (University of Graz) 14.-16. October 2021 Day 1: University of Vienna, 9.00 – 18.00hrs (Colloquium) Day 2: From Vienna to Graz on the traces of Central America Day 3: University of Graz, 9.00-16.00hrs (Colloquium) Publicado por ADHILAC Internacional © www.adhilac.com.ar

<urn:uuid:09b00f2e-c00a-48b7-8456-9300f5360fad>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://adhilac.com.ar/?p=17607

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

Readers ask: What Does The New Testament Say About Cremation? - 1 Is it a sin to be cremated? - 2 Is cremation forbidden in Christianity? - 3 Where in the Bible does it talk about cremation? - 4 Does the Bible reference cremation? - 5 Does the body feel pain during cremation? - 6 Does a body get drained before cremation? - 7 What are the disadvantages of cremation? - 8 Does the body sit up during cremation? - 9 What religion does not believe in cremation? - 10 How is a body prepared for cremation? - 11 Is it bad luck to keep ashes in the house? - 12 Is it better to be buried or cremated? - 13 Why is cremation bad? - 14 How long do cremated ashes last? Is it a sin to be cremated? A: In the Bible, cremation is not labeled a sinful practice. Some biblical references of burning a person with fire seem to suggest the type of life they lived – the enemies of God and God’s laws were promptly cremated as a form of capital punishment. Is cremation forbidden in Christianity? The reason most often given is that the Bible does not explicitly prohibit cremation. Catholicism, which once believed that cremation denied the possibility of resurrection, has allowed cremation since 1963. It has also allowed Catholic priests to officiate at memorials for those who have been cremated since 1966. Where in the Bible does it talk about cremation? Old Testament The first actual mention of cremation in the Bible is 1 Samuel 31: 11-13 where Saul and his sons are burned and then their bones buried after terrible ravages were inflicted on their bodies. But this was probably done for sanitary reasons rather than religious ones. Does the Bible reference cremation? The Bible does not make reference directly to cremation. However, there are several scriptures throughout the Bible that speak of burning the body, such as the two below. You can find others under the “Cremation Bible verses: King James Version (KJV)” section. Does the body feel pain during cremation? When someone dies, they don’t feel things anymore, so they don’t feel any pain at all.” If they ask what cremation means, you can explain that they are put in a very warm room where their body is turned into soft ashes—and again, emphasize that it is a peaceful, painless process. Does a body get drained before cremation? This is the process of removing the blood from the body. It’s drained from the vessels, while embalming composites are simultaneously pumped into the arteries. What are the disadvantages of cremation? Disadvantages of Cremation - A cremation does not allow for a permanent installation for memorial and mourning. - Cremations are frowned upon in some religious circles by the church. - Crematoriums release a considerable amount of CO2 and pollution into the atmosphere. Does the body sit up during cremation? While bodies do not sit up during cremation, something called the pugilistic stance may occur. This position is characterized as a defensive posture and has been seen to occur in bodies that have experienced extreme heat and burning. What religion does not believe in cremation? Of all world religions, Islam is probably the most strongly opposed to cremation. Unlike Judaism and Christianity, there is little diversity of opinion about it. Cremation is considered by Islam to be an unclean practice. How is a body prepared for cremation? How is the body prepared for cremation? Usually, the body is bathed, cleaned, and dressed before identification. There is no embalming unless you have a public viewing or you request it. Next, the technician removes jewelry or other items that you would like to keep. Is it bad luck to keep ashes in the house? There are some superstitions about keeping ashes in the home Some people worry it’s bad luck to keep ashes in their house, or it might mean the spirit or ghost of the person will stay in the house. Whatever your beliefs, there is no right or wrong when it comes to handling the ashes of a person who’s died. Is it better to be buried or cremated? Direct cremations are more cost- effective than direct burials as they do not require embalming. Cremation is a simpler process that also helps save ground space, but it is not so in case of burial. Nevertheless, both are regarded as safe ways of dealing with the dead body. Why is cremation bad? Cremation requires a lot of fuel, and it results in millions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year—enough that some environmentalists are trying to rethink the process. How long do cremated ashes last? You submit a design idea or sketch, then the company designs and 3D prints your urn, so you get a 100% unique container. Whether you bury or display the urn that holds your loved one’s ashes, you can’t go wrong. The ashes will never decompose, dissolve, or fade away for as long as you will be alive.

<urn:uuid:18404ae6-7c6e-4d4b-b77c-18f6ef7c3426>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://grahamcovenant.org/new-testament/readers-ask-what-does-the-new-testament-say-about-cremation.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

Static electricity builds up in the atmosphere due to charging of water, dust and gases present during thunderstorm. Saint Elmo’s phenomenon occurs when these charged particles find a communication to lower potential of earth. When the ionic plasma gets in touch with a sharp rod like surface it looses its energy by becoming neutralized. A blue light is emitted in the the wave like patterns with the contact point as the locus. The phenomenon is named after Saint Erasmus of Formia. He is the patron saint of sailors. When the light streaks were observed over ship’s masts due to electric discharge during rough weather, sailors felt assured that saint is with them. The phenomenon has been observed and recorded since historical times. Most notable and recent event happened with British Airways flight 009 while flying from Heathrow to Auckland via Mumbai, Kuala Lumpur, Sydney, Perth and Auckland. It happened during June 1982. The sky over Malasya was covered with very fine volcanic ash due to volcanic activity in Indonesia. As the plane attained cruising height, it ran into the clouds of volcanic ash. One by one it’s all four engines stalled. Pilot was a veteran and very cool minded. Calculating from the speed of descent and loss of altitude, the crew made plans to safely land it at some airport on the way or in the sea if the plan A doesn’t work. Many passengers noticed saint Elmo’s fire over the engines. Pilots screen also underwent this phenomenon. As the plane came out of atmosphere of volcanic ash, dramatically all engines restarted. Airplane could gain altitude to cross a mountain range which was the cause of biggest worry. Exactly what happened with plane was not saint Elmo’s fire alone, but the ash clogged the engines, and stalled them. It also marred the surface of pilot screen due to abrasion. The pilots couldn’t virtually see anything through screen.

<urn:uuid:2581e3ff-6ce9-4679-944d-a695ac8bb263>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://idyllicweb.com/tag/auckland/?amp

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

In September students took a look at the recommendations made by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to the Gov’t of Canada. Today grade seven students are going to revisit this by taking another look at the recommendations and making a list of the top ten that they think the government should choose to start with. This Truth and Reconciliation Commission report Has been a hot button issue ever since it was first given to the Canadian government With many people criticizing the government for not acting enough to find truth and reconciliation with canada’s indigenous peoples. The Task: Each student must use a piece of line paper, appropriate title with date, name, etc, and a proper title. Each student is to make a list of the top five or 10 truth and reconciliation recommendations that they feel the government should work on. for each item in the list the student must share a couple sentence is saying why this certain recommendation is so important to start with. Here is the link to the kid-friendly version of the Calls to Action Today we watched this documentary. Click the link below for the materials associated with this film. This and next week we are reviewing the 3 essential outcomes of Grade 7-8 math. These outcomes are assessed each year to track and measure students’ ability in key outcomes that determine students’ ability. This week we are completing review packages that will prepare students for their end-of-year assessment in these outcomes. Grade 7 assignment: to complete all #’s in the following assignment Grade 8 assignment: to complete all #’s in the following assignment Today we took notes on the 3 types of rocks. Watch the video above to get some notes of your own. If you need some help there are some notes linked below that Mr. Ewert took during class (however, remember that taking your own notes is by far the best practice so don’t just print these). We also took some time to observe this handout from class to review our videos from last week and discuss how convection moves techtonic plates. This week we are reviewing concepts across the entire grade. Students will watch the video covering the answers of their 2nd MRLC quiz and then practice with one to prepare for their final quiz on Friday through Microsoft Teams. Mr. Ewert has also posted some cumulative reviews to help students prepare for their Math instruction come fall in their new grade. Today we watched some videos on the Earth’s crust that explain how convection moves the tectonic plates in Tectonic Theory. Check out the links below. Then go to the Quizlet link to study the vocabulary related to the lesson. Also, there is a link to the handouts from class. Handouts from class: Videos we took notes on in class. Today we studied a classic short story by Ray Bradbury called “The Veldt” which begs to question the impact of technology on people’s lives, and more importantly, where does imagination end and reality begin? Click the links below to read the original published story, get the assignment, and watch the television presentation of “The Veldt” click the link below to get a copy of the story click the link below Today we are going to work on sketchup for schools. Sketchup is a 3d modelling CAD program that students can use to learn the fundamentals of CAD 3d digital design. This is great for modelling, building, designing and more. Go to https://www.sketchup.com/products/sketchup-for-schools to begin. - You will need to make an account with your school email - verify the email by logging into your email and getting the passcode sent to you - Once you are logged in it is time to start your training. Watch the training videos below one-at-a-time. For each one you must save your model with the names specified below. - You can find this same video on the website linked above and just hit “start modelling” to begin modelling alongside the video. - Save this model to your on drive from within the program (click on the lines in the top left corner). Note: you must be properly logged into your microsoft office through your browser to do this (but you already will be because you just logged into it) - Please save it with the name yournamesketchupwelcome - Save this model just as you did before. Save it as yournamesketchupgeometry - Save as yournamesketchupclassroom Today we are preparing our book talks. Book talks are a sales-pitch for one of your favourite books. Over the course of the schoolyear you have been reading books and posting them on our online reading log. Now it is time to pick your favourite one, prepare a pitch, and deliver. Using this template… …prepare your presentation. It is only about 3 min. This template is a place to plan your presentation, NOT to write a script that you read word for word. Please carefully note the rubric. You are marked for eye contact, engagement, and visuals. Some kids just have a copy of the book or a photocopy of the cover, but kids that are doing a great job have more. Bring in an item that your character would have, make your own cover to show us and explain it, or dress up like a character from the book…or talk like they would talk. Be creative, and remember: you are trying to convince us that this is a great book to read.

<urn:uuid:a936edd6-b572-48ae-b04f-a39fbc9cebc1>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://mrewert.edublogs.org/2022/06/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

Someone in the YFull Facebook group alerted me yesterday to a new split in haplogroup D on the YFull tree. A man from Al Bayda', Yemen has split D only 18 SNPs after it split from DE about 65,200 years ago, according to the YFull estimate. I decided to check against the FTDNA haplotree and it turns out that this split is not a new discovery. On FTDNA this parallel line is known as D-FT75 and consists of 490 SNPs. This is nearly double that of sibling, D-M174, with 244 on their tree. I leave it to others to estimate age of lineages by SNPs because I think this is an ever-evolving science, requiring constant and extensive re-calibration, that I am not focusing on. But in this case I will do a very basic back-of-the-envelope computation to get a rough idea. If a 244 SNP bottleneck on FTDNA equates to 18,700 years on YFull, in the case of their old D, now called D-M174 on FTDNA, we could extrapolate that a 490 SNP bottleneck would take about 37,500 years. So a simplistic estimate might yield that this new branch of D-FT75 would have a TMRCA of about 27,500 years ago. Origin of Approximately 25-30,000 year old Haplogroup D-FT75 By looking at the more developed phylogeny of D-FT75 on FTDNA, I notice about a dozen or so samples with no country. They didn't indicate "unknown", simply a 0 shows up in the counts under a branch. This indicates about a dozen scientific samples that YFull could add to their tree (if they can access them) and provide the geographic location of the tester, if known. I am not going to look for these samples myself but I can provide a quick analysis of the samples that are geolocated under D-FT75 on the FTDNA haplotree. Only looking at the phylogeny of geolocated samples, we have this: Knowing how many private SNPs each of these samples has would help us understand how old their are. Hopefully they will do the YFull analysis so researchers will get a clearer picture and TMRCA estimates that are updated every month. In my opinion it is too great of a burden for researchers who may be interested in dozens of branches to calculate their own TMRCAs on an ongoing basis as some FTDNA apologists advise, especially given that a professional and affordable option of YFull analysis exists. To the question of origin of this D-FT75, given that this new branch has, so far, exclusively Middle Eastern origin, one could assume that, unless all these men coincidentally migrated later to this area, that their ancestor had been living there about 25-30,000 years ago, however old the D-FT75 TMRCA is calculated from reliable methods by people with the complete data (private SNPs) to be. Implication for origin of DE The simplest explanation, that I am not the first to observe, is that these men in D-FT75 represent a lineage that stayed in Arabia or nearby while their sibling D-M174 migrated to Southeast Asia along the southern coasts of Asia by at least 46,500 years ago. It is important to keep in mind that if one wants to consider D-FT75 in the Middle East as a possible back-migration from East Asia, then you must either consider that D itself formed in East Asia or that D formed elsewhere but that these two lines coincidentally migrated to East Asia together. We have strong circumstantial evidence for D-M174 in southeast Asia since 46,500 years ago. Other East Asian haplogroups C and K2 have TMRCAs estimated at 48,800 and 45,400 years ago. Since there is no other haplogroup with strong evidence of having migrated to East Asia before this (that I am aware of), I would consider it a very big stretch to assume that D would have been able to achieve this in just 18 SNPs from the DE ancestor that likely lived between Horn of Africa / Middle East around 65,200 years ago. So if one wants to consider an alternate hypothesis of D-FT75 having back-migrated to Arabia from East Asia, they would need to assume that both D-FT75 and D-M174 happened to co-migrate to East Asia (not a huge stretch), but then later, sometime before 25-30,000 years ago, D-FT75 migrated back to Arabia leaving no survivors anywhere to the east. There is also the possibility that the migration of the 25-30,000 year distantly related branches of D-FT75 men coincidentally took them to the Middle East at an even later date, given the higher than average sample rate of Saudi Arabia, Yemen and even Syria. As the parameters shift based on newer data, one can continue to evaluate the likelihood of these alternate possibilities, though I would argue that the latter (back-migrations from the east) require additional assumptions than the former (remnant from the first migration out of Africa that didn't go so far as his siblings).

<urn:uuid:db476e3d-1445-4603-9e37-7a6d0f535a8e>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://phylogeographer.com/samples-from-yemen-saudi-arabia-and-syria-split-d-shortly-after-the-split-from-de/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

Myth #1: I am the only person having mental health or emotional problems. Mental illness affects an average of about one in four adults in the United States(1), in total that means that about 57.7 million people in our country are affected by mental illness(2). Although you may feel like you are the only person you know struggling to cope with mental health issues of some kind, it is important to know that you are not alone. Myth #2: Addiction, substance abuse, and/or mental health issues are all my fault and make me a bad person. There are multiple factors that affect the complex process of addiction, substance abuse, and mental health issues. Some of the factors include stress in your personal life, a diagnosed mental illness, lifestyle changes, difficulty in your family or relationships, or even habits of the individual. None of these factors are your fault or define you as a “good” or “bad” person. Myth #3: Mental illness or substance abuse only affects people of low socioeconomic status or people with a “bad childhood”. Again, there are several factors that contribute to the cause of mental illness, but the childhood you had, job you have currently, or the money you make are not directly the cause of your mental health or substance abuse troubles. Mental illness does not discriminate and is not exclusive to any stereotypical group of people. (1) Kessler, R.C., Chiu, W.T., Demler, O. & Walters, E.E. (June 2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), pgs. 617-627. (2) U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates by Demographic Characteristics. (June 2005). Table 2: “Annual Estimates of the Population by Selected Age Groups and Sex for the United States”: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2004 (NC-EST2004-02)

<urn:uuid:3791a58f-7a44-4482-a76f-2648eaf00435>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://pinnaclecounselingnwa.com/tag/thearpy-myths/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

What is Radon? Radon is a cancer causing, radioactive gas. You cannot see it, smell it or taste it. Radon is produced by the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water. High levels of radon have been found in every state in the US. One in fifteen homes in the US have radon levels above 4 picocuries per liter (4pCi/L), the EPA action level.

<urn:uuid:4221e87a-cfaf-450c-8dd9-78d7f246c273>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://rtca.com/about-radon-and-radon-testing/what-is-radon/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

Detecting rumble strips, brick and grooves with a cane Gallaudet University Campus, Washington, DC The blind students at Gallaudet University have been having problems aligning and maintaining straight line of travel on some of the crosswalks on campus. At a meeting on accessibility, staff considered installing something to help address this problem, and wondered if the rumble strips that they use for traffic calming might be used for this purpose also. After the meeting, I went out to see if the rumble strips would work, and also experimented with their brick crosswalk. These rumble strips could not be detected with the cane. This brick feels the same as the concrete. It is a relatively smooth brick, but I've experienced several other crosswalks made with bricks that were more rounded which also could not be distinguished from the concrete of the road. The groove at the edge of the crosswalk could sometimes be felt. However grooves can fill up with dirt and debris and become undetectable. Worse yet, cracks can sometimes be mistaken for the groove. For example, I once worked with a blind man who couldn’t keep straight when crossing the wide, wide driveway along Georgia Avenue, and there was a crack along the edge of the sidewalk that we decided he could follow the crack across. It worked great, but one very scary day, the engineers had installed a wire into the pavement to actuate the signal, and left a crack that felt just like the one he followed across the driveway, but this crack went directly into the street. He accidently found that crack instead of the one going across the driveway, and followed it out into the busy, 6-lane street! These rumble strips were distinctive from a car -- the bumps could be heard and felt. However they were not detectable with a cane. Raised crosswalks might help provide alignment across the street. They might also slow the drivers, and slower drivers are more likely to yield. However, with raised crosswalks it's very important that the detectable warnings (truncated domes) are installed along the entire edge of the sidewalk that is level with the street, so that blind people can recognize when they are entering the street. Return to home page

<urn:uuid:cb0f0a88-78dd-410d-9323-100edc380238>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://sauerburger.org/rumble.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

What is an immunofixation (IFE) blood take a look at? An immunofixation blood take a look at, also regarded as protein electrophoresis, steps sure proteins in the blood. Proteins engage in many significant roles, which includes offering power for the body, rebuilding muscular tissues, and supporting the immune program. There are two principal kinds of proteins in the blood: albumin and globulin. The take a look at separates these proteins into subgroups centered on their size and electrical demand. The subgroups are: - Alpha-1 globulin - Alpha-2 globulin - Beta globulin - Gamma globulin Measuring the proteins in each and every subgroup can help diagnose a wide variety of disorders. Other names: serum protein electrophoresis, (SPEP), protein electrophoresis, SPE, immunofixation electrophoresis, IFE, serum immunofixation

<urn:uuid:b38b3c9f-57fc-4c52-8ca4-8050bec66acd>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://stiamesprimarypettswood.co.uk/immunofixation-ife-blood-test-medlineplus-lab-test-information.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

Black History in July was created from a simple desire to celebrate black culture and its impact on American culture in a consistent way. Many families and organizations celebrate, “Christmas in July” as a way to reignite the spirit of joy and giving during the traditional December holiday. Through our annual Black History in July Celebration, we hope to show pride, provide education, and find new ways to celebrate black culture throughout the year as well. We believe that black history and culture should be celebrated more than just at the traditional celebrations during Black History month. The goal is that other entities will join with us in creating new opportunities for all people to commemorate black history in addition to those in February. Our ultimate desire is that we can honor Black people, our history and culture, while commemorating the significant contributions we have made to the world; year-round. The first BHIJ celebration was held July 27th at The Marcus Center for The Performing Arts. The focus was preserving “Black Church Culture” with an emphasis on hymns and hymn-style singing. Our special guest was award winning, singer, songwriter and gospel music pioneer V. Michael McKay. McKay led a powerful conversation providing a glimpse into the history of hymn-style singing, its influence on other popular genres of music, and platformed its relevance within today’s modern culture. Guests were also able to participate in hymn-style singing throughout the session and honor the contributions of hymn writers past and present. The celebration also featured The African American Motorist Guide, also known as; “The Green Book”. The Green Book was used as a historical guide for traveling by African Americans during the 1940s-50s. This book provided the names and locations of businesses, hotels, restaurants and gas stations that were welcoming and safe for black people during that time.

<urn:uuid:ceabb8f7-5a7d-45d9-8b39-41148b555a29>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://tbpaf1music.com/black-history-in-july

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

How do square-rigged ships sail into the wind? Square rig – Unlike with a fore-and-aft rig, a square-rigged vessel’s sails must be presented squarely to the wind and thus impede forward motion as they are swung around via the yardarms through the wind as controlled by the vessel’s running rigging, using braces—adjusting the fore and aft angle of each yardarm around … Can square riggers sail upwind? “Yes, they can sail to windward. Its really a matter of how close to upwind they can get. A modern yacht can get closer than 20 degrees to the wind, the square rigged (Brig) sailing ship I used to crew on could do about 50 degrees on a good day. Can you sail faster than the wind? Yes, although it sounds implausible. With the wind blowing from behind and sails perpendicular to the wind, a boat accelerates. The wind speed on the sail is the difference between the vessel’s forward speed and that of the wind. … So, with clever streamlined hull designs a boat can sail faster than the wind. What do you say when tacking? Now is when the magic happens. The Helm declares that they are beginning to tack by saying, “Hard-A-Lee”. There are a couple variations on this command and if you want to say something else, it’s your boat, just make sure everyone on your boat understands what you are commanding. Can a square rigged ship tack? Because the masts are braced from behind, that enormous pressure has the potential to snap a mast. In strong winds and heavy seas, therefore, when tacking could be dangerous, a square-rigger is put on the opposite tack by turning her away from the wind through 240°, effectively gybing her. Why are triangular sails better? It was observed that these triangular sails allowed for navigation using a half wind (wind at 90 degrees to the boat), which further increased the ship’s maneuvering ability ‘ particularly in port, where ships previously were ‘dead in the water’ without a favorable wind. What do the numbers on sailboat sails mean? it’s a racing thing. the sail number lets the race committee know which boat is which, so it can record their finishing order. 21-01-2010, 18:28. knothead. Join Date: Nov 2008.

<urn:uuid:0916e934-1cf2-4202-a07f-81abe231ada0>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://whitsundaydivecentre.com/watersports/how-do-square-sails-work.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

Running a Company in India: Why is Bookkeeping in Business Mandatory? Having the capacity to understand an organization’s financial position and net profit or loss is crucial for maintaining a business. Without this information, it’s unthinkable for the business owners to make informed decisions. Notwithstanding, providing crucial data to the business owner, bookkeeping enables managers to keep up a business effectively and successfully. Accurate Financial Reports Financial reports are necessary to manage the day to day activities and achieve business goals. The record shows resources, liabilities, and capital structure, while the income statements show income and revenues together with expenses involved. In contrast, capital on hand outlines the inflow and outflow of money in several activities like operations, investing, and financial activities. Most of this information originates from the journal. Recording daily transactions is one of the main parts of bookkeeping and maintaining precision is imperative. Accurate financial reports enable entrepreneurs to draw up strategies to accomplish long term goals. There will be chances when there isn’t sufficient cash to form finance or meet the commitments the business faces must be known to entrepreneurs and find the simplest way to correct such circumstances. Without precise reporting, a business can lose the track of its finances and may fail to make the right decisions. Hence, always have an eye on capital structure and income. Many businesses fail because of high debts and unpaid expenses can result in loans which can become a burden to the organization later. Hence, to rule out these issues, bookkeeping plays an important role. Keeping over cash owed to a business is critical, in particular, if the organization works on liquid transactions. Bookkeepers can produce data of receivables presenting a clear detail about the same. These reports can enable administrators to examine money inflows, alongside accessing the financial potential of the company. Without bookkeeping, the closing balance of receivables would become extremely hard to trace. The bookkeeper also produces reports for accounts payable, like account receivables. This report helps to stipulate the cash a business owes to its vendors. Without booking, the chances are likely that a company doesn’t have enough money to pay its payables. For a company that is short on capital, payables should be checked regularly. The company must ensure not to miss any standard commitments that may affect the long-term achievement of the business. Payment of Tax Liability When bookkeepers update the record, they also furnish financial statements. Then, it becomes easy to pay the liabilities. Along with the current, using such information furnishing year-end income tax returns becomes a hassle-free process. The liabilities hugely depend upon total income, while income tax returns help in determining net income by separating the gross income and costs. Without bookkeeping, a company cannot ascertain the right amount of liabilities. Inaccurate bookkeeping could lead to incorrect liability assessment that can result in scrutiny. Payment of Employees Bookkeeping additionally helps with the payment of employees through exact record-keeping and correspondence with the payroll functions. An experienced bookkeeper helps in managing the money to compute the pending payments, which may have been forgotten. They also help to decide when to permit such computed cash to the entities. Without having viable bookkeeping and employee payroll process established, a business cannot sustain for long. Now, it is very clear that bookkeeping is a crucial procedure that helps a business to sustain itself. Therefore, it is important to understand the bookkeeping cycle and the way the financial loops work. Managing bookkeeping can be a tedious task and it is always best to outsource to an expert. 3E Accounting provides well-designed online bookkeeping services to assist Indian organizations with decreasing costs. We have a team of accountant experts who can affect books proficiently. Contact us to get beneficial bookkeeping accounting services with customized, scalable, cost-effective, and safe accounting solutions.

<urn:uuid:9949a625-8e56-406a-8db5-d2d79c94ce9e>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.3ecpa.co.in/blog/the-relevance-of-bookkeeping-in-business-copy/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

What are the Types of Solenoid Valves? Types of solenoid valves are 2-way, 3-way, 4-way, direct-acting & Pilot operated valves. In this post, we will discuss the types of solenoid valves in detail. What is Solenoid Valve? Solenoid valves convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. The solenoid activates when an electrical current passes through the solenoid valve coil. Upon activation of the solenoid valve, it controls the liquid or airflow through it. Firstly, let us understand the operating principle of the solenoid valve. Solenoid valves have the combinations of two different parts. One is the valve body and the other is a solenoid that is located inside the electrical coil. That is, the term “solenoid” does not refer to the valve itself, but rather to the coil mounted on the valve unit. On the energization of the solenoid valve coil, the solenoid creates a strong magnetic force. Solenoid coil attracts a magnetic steel plunger that is located in the center of the coil. This lower part of the plunger has its attachment with the stem of the valve body. The stem closes or opens the passage for flow control. This stem has a sealing surface called a “seat” which is what allows secure closure. Under these operating mechanics, based on magnetism, it is that all solenoid valves operate. Types of Solenoid Valves There is a wide variety of types of solenoid valves. We can categorize the solenoid valves according to their application, construction, and shape. There is no accord among valve manufacturers to differentiate the valve types according to their importance. The most recent general practice is to divide valves first according to their Applications. The flow capacity of the valve for a particular application. Based on the applications, solenoid valves have two categories. 2) Pilot operated. Based on the construction, solenoid valves have three categories. 1) Normally closed, 2) Normally open and 3) Multiple actions By their shape, there are three types of solenoid valves in common use: 2) Three-way, and 3) Four-way or reversible. The solenoid valves may be of combinations of the types mentioned above. For example, there are normally open and normally closed pilot-operated valves. Now, we will discuss the details of each type of valve and its applications. 1) Two-way Solenoid Valve The two-way valve is the most common type of solenoid valve. It has an inlet and an outlet connection and controls the flow of fluid in a single line. It can be direct acting or pilot operated, depending on the capacity of the system. Each type of these solenoids is “Normally Closed (NC)” or “Normally Open (NO)”. 2) Three-way Solenoid Valve Three-way valves have an inlet connection that is common to two different outlet connections, like the one shown in the above figure. Three-way valves are basically a combination of the normally close two-way valve and the normally open two-way valve, in a single body and with a single coil. 3) Four-way Solenoid Valve Four-way solenoid valves like the one shown in the above figure are commonly known as reversible valves. Its use is almost exclusively in heat pumps. This is to select either the cooling or heating cycle, depending on the requirement. These valves have three outlets and one common inlet. A heat pump is a central air conditioning unit with a reversible cycle. We use direct-acting solenoid valves for low capacity and small ports. The plunger has mechanically connected to the valve needle. When energizing the coil, the plunger rises towards the center of the coil that lifts the needle. The valve operation depends entirely on ; - The power of the solenoid, - Differential pressure - Port Size This valve is not suitable for large capacity systems because a large coil needs for counteracting the large differential pressure. Thus, the required coil would be large, expensive, and not feasible for very large-capacity flow. Regardless of the pressure in the line, this type of valve operates from a differential pressure of zero, up to its Maximum Opening Pressure Differential (MOPD). pressure drop requires across the valve for keeping the solenoid valve open. The following forces act on a solenoid valve to keep it closed or open and flowing. When the solenoid valve is closed: - Internal pressure pushes down into the bore. - Gravity pulls the plunger down into the hole. In some valves, the pressure of the spring also helps to keep them closed. - The difference between high pressure at the inlet and low pressure at the outlet keeps the plunger above the orifice. Note: The larger the pressure differential between inlet and outlet, the more difficult it is to open the valve. When the solenoid is opened: 1. Internal flow through the orifice helps keep the plunger open. 2. Magnetic attraction holds the plunger up. Pilot-operated solenoid valves use together with the solenoid coil and line pressure. In these valves, the plunger has its attachment with a needle stem that covers a pilot hole in place of the main port. Line pressure keeps a floating or independent piston closed against the main port, although, it may be a diaphragm in some valves. There are TWO basic types of pilot operated valves: - Floating Piston - Floating Diaphragm Pilot operated solenoid valves require a minimum opening pressure differential between inlet and outlet (approximately 0.5 psi or more) to open the main port and keep the piston or diaphragm in the open position.

<urn:uuid:1bac18a2-d1d5-403a-9818-957e26510177>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.engineerrefe.com/what-are-the-types-of-solenoid-valves/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

HUGHIE, Louie and Heavenly sit on an enormous granite table in a basement, surrounded by an assortment of objects. Nearby, Jeff Russakow is looking at a picture of the table top on his computer. He highlights a small building block and moves it across the screen. Suddenly, Louie springs into action. Floating on a thin layer of air, the robot uses pneumatic thrusters to phut-phut its way towards the object. It grabs it and, phut-phut-phut, moves it to the new position. The basement is in the Aerospace Robotics Laboratory at Stanford University in California, and Hughie, Louie and Heavenly are the forerunners of a new generation of free-flying space robots. The smooth, granite table allows them to float on a cushion of air, free from the normal constraint of friction. In this way, the researchers can simulate space flight in two dimensions. In space, the robots will look rather like miniature satellites with arms. As well as thrusters, which rely on a finite supply of compressed gas, they will be equipped with momentum wheels, powered by electricity from solar arrays. Changing the rate at which the wheels spin will make the robots twist and turn in space. The potential of the robots is clear. “If you spend $600 to $700 million you can send three astronauts up on a Shuttle to go and retrieve some wayward satellite,” says Russakow, a PhD student. “But it’s expensive and risky. For a few tens of millions you could send up a couple of disposable guys like these.” The actual construction of the robot is not the laboratory’s chief concern. At ARL they are … Offer ends 07/09/2022. *Cancel anytime within 14 days of payment to receive a refund on unserved issues. Existing subscribers, please log in with your email address to link your account access. Inclusive of applicable taxes (VAT)

<urn:uuid:ba8d0456-320a-414a-b7c5-1f0cbf3d4c3a>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14820054-400-robots-with-attitude/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00488.warc.gz

en

Earn a living from home, drive at 55mph and tweak thermostats People should turn their heating down, work from home where possible and drive at slower speeds to cut the UK’s reliance on Russian fossil fuels, energy experts have said. Reducing energy demand is widely touted as the quickest and most cost-effective way to bolster domestic energy security amid turmoil in international energy markets caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Simple steps such as turning household thermostats down by 1°C and using public transport instead of private cars could make a “material difference” to the UK’s overall energy demand, said Professor Nick Eyre, director of the Center for Research into Energy Demand Solutions at the University of Oxford. He called on ministers to organize Covid-style national press conferences to inspire collective action from the public which could save households money, reduce Russia’s economic power, and cut carbon emissions. “We’ve seen what can be done when it is a national patriotic duty over the last two years,” he told i. “If we see a government minister and scientific advisors giving people detailed advice, that would be welcome.” Turn the thermostat down The UK only imports around four per cent of its natural gas from Russia, but slashing domestic demand will help to ease price pressures and free up supplies for Europe. Heating is one of the biggest sources of energy in most homes. Turning down the thermostat by 1°C will reduce energy use by around 10 per cent, according to Prof Eyre. But he warned older and more vulnerable consumers should keep their homes as warm as they need. “It’s those people who are living at a comfortable temperature and are in good health [who] can make a significant contribution,” he said. Reduce boiler flow temperature Combi gas boilers are usually set to heat water to 80°C before it is pumped to radiators, with water returning to the boiler when it cools to 60°C. Turning down these temperatures improves the efficiency of the boiler and shaves six to eight per cent from the average gas bill, according to The Heating Hub. Work from home During the first lockdown in 2020, sales of petrol and diesel dropped by more than 70 per cent, as millions of people switched to working from home. For commuters who would otherwise drive a long distance to the office, working from home would make a significant dent in their fuel consumption. “We’ve learned enough about the ability of many people to work effectively from home without a significant economic downside for that to be worthwhile thinking about,” said Prof Eyre. Insulate the loft Subsidies for energy efficiency measures like loft and cavity wall insulation have largely disappeared in recent years, but households who can afford to pay for measures privately can save money on their bills and reduce their gas demand in a stroke. “It’s a case of ‘support Ukraine, lag your loft’,” Doug Parr, the chief scientist and policy director at Greenpeace UK, told MPs this week. More on Fossil Fuels Drive slowly – or take the bike Almost 20 per cent of the UK’s diesel supply comes from Russia, most of which goes into cars. Switching to public transport, walking, or cycling is a fast and carbon-friendly way to radically cut fuel consumption. For journeys that require a car, drivers could consider cutting their driving speed. Most cars use fuel most efficiently between 45mph and 55mph, and during the 1973 oil crisis the UK government cut speed limits to 50mph for all roads, including motorways, to save fuel. Lord Turner, one of the UK’s foremost energy experts, suggested consumers could take similar action amid the current crisis. “Probably the biggest thing to do is to stop using car unnecessarily and moderate motorway speed,” he told i. Switch to a heat pump Next month the Government is set to launch the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, which will give households a £5,000 grant towards the cost of installing an air source heat pump. Each household that switches to a heat pump will cut their gas use by 80 per cent, according to Carbon Brief.

<urn:uuid:201b3293-2e43-4b6d-b565-e47fd72c83ea>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://airconditioningcontractornews.com/earn-a-living-from-home-drive-at-55mph-and-tweak-thermostats/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

Transplanting your SeedlingGet Your Seedling Into the Patch Transplanting is when you take the seedling you’ve started and transplant it out to your pumpkin patch. It is a key process of any plant started indoors and then grown outside. Transplanting giant pumpkin seedlings gives you the ability to face the plant in the right direction. If grown straight in the soil from a seed you may need to train vines to go in the correct direction. There is a fine line between transplanting too early and transplanting too late. Your aim is to get your seedling into the patch as soon as possible so it can start growing. When to Transplant Your Giant Pumpkin Seedling? There are 2 factors to consider when to transplant your giant pumpkin seedling. - Weather conditions - Age of seedling Age of Seedling You want your seedling to grow its first true leaf. This allows you to place the seedling into the soil facing in the correct direction. Looking down on a seedling this first true leaf is the leaf that first forms in the middle. Remember the vine grows opposite this first true leaf. Reduce the Shock of Transplanting Care should be taken to not shock the plant at this stage. Shock to plants can occur from rough handling or more commonly a drastic change in temperature and environment. This shock can stunt your plants growth, or in the worst case scenario kill the plant. Cutting your season short forcing you to try and catch up. (this is why backups are important) Harden those Plants Up Hardening off plants is a technique used by growers all over the world no matter what they are growing. The goal is to get the plants used to the outside environment to help reduce transplant shock. They need to get used to being outside after being started inside. Hardening Off Benefits - Seedlings will get used to the range of temperatures outside. - Seedlings will get used to moisture loss, air movement and direct sunlight. - Less shock, plants start growing faster. Hardening Off Process Transplanting Your Giant Pumpkin Seedling into the Patch - Creating small mounds where you intend to transplant your seedling can be beneficial. - A mound with gentle sloping sides will help raise your seedling. This allows it to be above ground level. - The soil will warm more, drain water better and keep the plant above ground temperature. - Dig a hole that is as wide and as deep as the pot your seedling is currently in. - If you are using products like Mycorrhizae fungi, mix this and any other products you are using and add to the hole - Remove the seedling from the pot or bag and orientate it into the hole for correct vine direction. - Fill around the seedling with soil and water the base of the plant. You want the soil damp not soaking. - Your seedling will start putting down roots and establishing itself in it’s new home. After this it will start it’s vine growth. Placement of Seedling - If you are growing one plant you want it to fill in as much of the patch as it can over the season. - I cover this more in the vine management section of the how-to guide. - But generally if you have one plant in one patch most people will have it start at one end and grow to the other. - Grow from opposite ends to each other. - Or the other option is start in the middle and have them grow outwards from each other. With the seedlings back to back. - Growing a seedling and then transplanting is important. It allows you to orientate the plant to fit your patch.

<urn:uuid:6108e826-de51-4493-839d-05976e111872>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://giantpumpkins.co.nz/how-to-grow-a-giant-pumpkin/transplantingplanting/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

How Front-of-Package Labeling Can Increase Whole Grain Consumption When nutrient profiling systems work well, they help direct shoppers to products that contribute to an overall diet more closely aligned with dietary recommendations. However, not all nutrient profiling systems are created equal and many neglect whole grains entirely. We choose all the foods we eat for a wide variety of reasons – our familiarity with the food, our level of comfort with preparing the food, our perceptions of how it will taste and nourish us, our particular preferences and restrictions we may have due to health conditions or allergies. We also choose foods in content where certain rules and regulations exist to ensure transparency for us as consumers, and sometimes, to nudge us toward healthier choices. For example, in the United States, all food packaging must display accurate nutrition labels and ingredient lists, and health claims made on packaging are strictly regulated. In recent years, there has been a strong worldwide trend towards the use of nutrient profiling systems which indicate some of the nutritional attributes of a product on the front of the package or use an algorithm to classify a product as belonging to a healthy or unhealthy food category. . When these systems work well, they can help guide shoppers to products that contribute to an overall diet more closely aligned with Dietary Guidelines recommendations – a diet that limits total calories, saturated fat, added sugars and sugar. sodium, while encouraging increased consumption of foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts. However, not all nutrient profiling systems are created equal and many neglect whole grains entirely, despite the fact that whole grains are very well recognized for their health benefits and feature in most dietary recommendations. worldwide. To read the rest of the story, visit: Whole Grains Council

<urn:uuid:a1819c3e-66eb-4584-8f4b-7afab38578ff>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://kotisivurobotti.net/how-front-of-package-labeling-can-increase-whole-grain-consumption/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

- A cryptocurrency, broadly defined, is a form of digital tokens or “coins” that exist on a distributed and decentralized ledger called a blockchain. - Beyond that, the field of cryptocurrencies has expanded dramatically since Bitcoin was launched over a decade ago, and the next great digital token may be released tomorrow. - Bitcoin continues to lead the pack of cryptocurrencies in terms of market capitalization, user base, and popularity. - Other virtual currencies such as Ethereum are helping to create decentralized financial (DeFi) systems. - Some altcoins have been endorsed as having newer features than Bitcoin, such as the ability to handle more transactions per second or use different consensus algorithms such as proof of stake. What Are Cryptocurrencies? Before we take a closer look at some of these alternatives to Bitcoin (BTC), let’s step back and briefly examine what we mean by terms like cryptocurrency and altcoin. A cryptocurrency, broadly defined, is virtual or digital money that takes the form of tokens or “coins.” Though some cryptocurrencies have ventured into the physical world with credit cards or other projects, the large majority remain entirely intangible.

<urn:uuid:30658c11-dd51-4e00-86ea-28b1ffd64ad3>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://naijagong.com/2022/02/22/cryptocurrency/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

To paraphrase Lao Tzu, every journey - even a 238,900-mile trip to the moon - begins with a single step. The idea of a simple action leading to profound change inspired the Mohawk Valley, Upper Hudson and Southern Adirondack Library systems to collaborate on a regional pilot project, Library Moon Walk. This project will develop community awareness of NNLM resources and build relationships between public libraries and health organizations while encouraging people in the Mohawk Valley, Southern Adirondacks, and Capital Region of New York State to create healthy habits. The project has two parts and a challenge. The first targets library professionals and representatives from community health organizations by providing training sessions encouraging the use of online NNLM consumer health resources. The second part focuses on 25 public libraries developing consumer health programs for the public. The challenge, will build excitement by having the public log the amount of exercise they get on a webpage, with the goal of accumulating enough steps to cover the distance it would take to walk to the moon. This goal ties into the 2019 Collaborative Summer Library Program theme, A Universe of Stories, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the first man on the moon. Mohawk Valley Library System

<urn:uuid:fd18d175-b8e3-4a5c-bb87-9a143f9a4ea7>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://nnlm.gov/funding/funded/library-moon-walk

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

Perception is the great mystery of philosophy and science: how does it come about that we interpret various sensual stimuli into the visible and tangible world? This is known as “the hard problem”—a subject this magazine has previously explored with Steve Robbins. In the following essay, Ashvin Pandurangi tackles a different problem of perception: the deleterious effect repetition and the mechanization of thought have upon perception and consciousness. As the author explains, “Not only have our ideas about the world taken on a mechanical nature, but our method of forming ideas has been mechanized.” This behaviour, which comes from a desire for efficiency and predictability is, in fact, the enemy of consciousness. Mechanical technology itself is not unique to the modern age. What is unique is how this technology has influenced every dimension of our cultural existence, right down to the way we perceive and think about the world around us. Not only have our ideas about the world taken on a mechanical nature, but our method of forming ideas has been mechanized. That is what Barfield refers to (see below) as “consciousness”; the subconscious way in which we perceive and cognize the World Content before it is made conscious. Our considerations here will focus mostly on the digital age of technology which has only come into widespread use over the last few decades after Barfield’s passing. Since the dawn of the 21st century, this technology has come to govern every sphere of our lives from our mornings to our evenings, our weekdays to our weekends, and our youth to our adulthood. It dictates our decisions in our homes and offices, in our cities and countrysides, and in our social, civic, personal, and professional lives. Based on his writings and the spirit of his thought, it is a safe bet that Barfield would be very concerned with the accelerating pace of this development. Many psychology books, articles, Youtube channels, and podcasts have taken a stab at exploring the harmful effects of digital technology. Unfortunately, these analyses of the situation paint with very broad strokes and thereby remain hopelessly abstract and mostly unhelpful. They treat the mechanization phenomena as one more item in a long list of bad habits, like smoking or eating fast food, just another activity that people in the modern world should either avoid altogether or use in moderation to whatever extent possible. These approaches cannot possibly be helpful because they fail to diagnose the problem we are dealing with in its living essence. The task of any genuine “phenomenology” is to observe and deeply contemplate how these underlying dynamics of the phenomena manifest in our immanent experience. We start with the phenomenal appearances—in this case, various aspects of digital technology—but we don’t arbitrarily end with mere appearances if we can go further and deeper through sound, logical reasoning. It is by penetrating the depths of phenomena that we begin to actually hear their tales and tunes, otherwise muted. At first, only by faint whispers, but later through resounding images, tones, and words. “We must not forget that nine-tenths of the words comprising the vocabulary of a civilised nation are never used by more than at most one tenth of the population; while of the remaining tithe, nine-tenths of those who use them are commonly aware of about one-tenth of their meanings.”Owen Barfield, History in English Words (1953) Owen Barfield wrote a history of Western culture by focusing exclusively on the origins and transformations of English words, perceiving how a study of their presence, absence, and usage could provide unique insights into Western civilization. Moreover, such an approach could shed light upon an objectively valid, living, and qualitative knowledge of this evolving history. By penetrating into the deeper layers of meaning which gave rise to these word groupings—some portion of the 90% of meanings of the 90% of words which are commonly ignored in a civilized nation—he perceived how the 10% of meanings of the 10% of words we actually use came into being. This insight is both literal and metaphorical at the same time. It is literally true of modern languages, and it metaphorically points to the relation of the visible to the invisible world. In the words of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Barfield’s favorite poet, “A Fact is the end or last issue of spirit. The visible creation is the terminus or the circumference of the invisible world.“ “It has only just begun to dawn on us that in our own language alone, not to speak of its many companions, the past history of humanity is spread out in an imperishable map, just as the history of the mineral earth lies embedded in the layers of its outer crust. But there is this difference between the record of the rocks and the secrets which are hidden in language: whereas the former can only give us a knowledge of outward, dead things—such as forgotten seas and the bodily shapes of prehistoric animals and primitive men—language has preserved for us the inner, living history of man’s soul. It reveals the evolution of consciousness.”Owen Barfield, History in English Words (1953) Language provides an imperishable map of inner experience, and that is even more true of the sensible perceptions from which all language is drawn. Barfield and Emerson often indicated how all language employed to symbolize inner mental states and dispositions began as words reflecting perceptible appearances. Emerson observed, “Right originally means straight; wrong means twisted. Spirit primarily means wind; transgression, the crossing of a line; supercilious, the raising of the eye-brow.” This ideal quality of physical images has not disappeared but has only been veiled by our own abstract and limited cognition. One major obstacle to examining the transformations of perceptions, as opposed to words, is that most people cannot access perceptions beyond a very limited range of their recent memory. There is another approach, however, which can still yield fruit. We can start with our current perceptual experiences and see what those disclose to us about the phenomena in question, which, in this case, is the mechanism of modern human culture and daily life. To begin with what presents itself to our experience most immediately is the genuinely phenomenological approach. “All conscious nature has experiences of pleasure and pain. Man alone can deliberately will the repetition of an experience. And repetition, experienced as such, is at the heart, for good and evil, of his faculty of reasoning, and thus makes possible his language, his art, his morality, and indeed his humanity. Yet it is the enemy of life, for repetition is itself the principle, not of life but of mechanism.”Owen Barfield, Orpheus: A Poetic Drama (1937) Owen Barfield (1898-1997) was a poet, critic, philosopher and member of the famous Inklings, a literary group at Oxford that included J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis. He had a profound influence on both writers, and became a close friend of Lewis. In fact Lewis dedicated The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe to Barfield’s daughter, Lucy. Rudolf Steiner, the founder of Anthroposophy, influenced Barfield, who translated several of his works and wrote The Case for Anthroposophy. Most famously, Barfield is known for pointing out how analogy gets to the root of consciousness. The willing of repetitive experience is also what we call Thinking and Memory. That is why Barfield places it at the very foundation of so many qualities which make us uniquely human. How can such qualities, which ground our speech, our reasoning intellect, our art, and our morality, then, transform into “the enemy of life“? It has been said, “all evil is unevolved good” (Steiner). Many riddles surrounding the current state of humanity can be understood through the lens of this simple Wisdom. For our purposes here, the enemy of life arrives when this unique human quality of repetitive experiencing, which underlies all technological development in the modern age, is clung to for the conveniences and comforts it provides long past its expiration date. This stubborn refusal to evolve with the currents of cognition—a deeply ingrained desire to swim upstream against them—then compounds itself into something which carries much more tragic consequences for humanity as a whole. The longer it is ignored, the more it festers within us as a cancerous tumor. We will see how those consequences have already unfolded in modern society and are still unfolding around us in due course, but a careful phenomenology first requires we understand why. Barfield takes us back to the Renaissance era, when many of the predecessors to our current English vocabulary were reintroduced into the streams of Western thought. Owen Barfield, History in English Words (1953) “The new intercourse with the ancient literatures of Greece and Rome naturally brought into English a positive stream of ‘literary borrowings’. At first these were mostly Latin words. If we try to imagine an English from which such words as accommodate, capable, capacious, compute, corroborate, distinguish, efficacy, estimate, experiment, insinuate, investigate, and a host of others equally common are as yet absent, we may partly realize what an important part was played by the Renaissance in producing the language in which we speak and think.” At this stage, there was still a feeling for the concrete experiences to which these words referred. At the end of the 17th century, a “computer” was still a human being “who calculates . . . whose occupation is to make arithmetical calculations.” By the end of the 19th century, we first get its usage as a “calculating machine” with its own existence independent of any particular human being. It is only in 1937, through the personality of Alan Turing, that the word is first used in its modern sense of “programmable digital electronic device for performing mathematical or logical operations.” We should try to concretely sense the distancing that is occurring in these word-transformations as we move away from the human body-brain and its living cognitive processes. The philosophical meaning of “abstract” as a verb from the mid-16th century is, “to draw away, withdraw, remove.” We should be clear that it is only this drawing away of human thinking from nature and its processes which made modern technology possible, such as that which I am taking advantage of now. We only fool ourselves if we imagine that we could have done without the Wisdom of this process. Yet our clear thinking should remain equally clear as we explore, in precise and concrete terms, what qualities of living experience we have also forsaken in this abstracting process of the modern mechanical age. One aspect of the phenomena at issue here is obvious from the outset—digital technology acts as a synthetic substitute for natural perceptual and cognitive processes. These processes should be understood in their deepest sense—ones which allow us to relate to the World Content in every waking and dreaming moment of our lives. They allow us to make sense of the manifold phenomena which confront us. To perceive what happens when these processes are substituted out by digital media technology, we first need a basic understanding of what these processes do for us. We will approach this topic by way of a few illustrations. First, let us examine why it is that we perceive anything in the world around us. What functions are the “perceptions” in the phenomenal world serving in our experience? To stimulate our Imagination here, and to give readers an opportunity to discern some clues to this ‘mystery’ of perception, I am going to quote a few modern thinkers over a range of time who spoke directly to this function of perceptual phenomena that we are searching for. No matter how abstract the language becomes, remember that these thinkers below were speaking of our immanent phenomenal experience. “Light and colours, heat and cold, extension and figures—in a word the things we see and feel—what are they but so many sensations, notions, ideas, or impressions on the sense? and is it possible to separate, even in thought, any of these from perception? . . . my conceiving or imagining power does not extend beyond the possibility of real existence or perception . . . as it is impossible for me to see or feel anything without an actual sensation of that thing, so is it impossible for me to conceive in my thoughts any sensible thing or object distinct from the sensation or perception of it.” – from George Berkeley, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) “Only within a one is [a perception] a property; and only in relation to other properties is it specific . . . isolated property is basically just a form of sensuous being since it . . . is now reduced to mere meaning, having, in other words, altogether ceased perceiving and involuted into itself . . . But sensuous being and meaning mutate into perception.” – from Friedrich Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) You must, when contemplating nature, Attend to this, in each and every feature: There’s nought outside and nought within, For she is inside out and outside in. Thus will you grasp, with no delay, The holy secret, clear as day. – from Goethe, Epirrhema (1819) “The ruin or the blank, that we see when we look at nature, is in our own eye. The axis of vision is not coincident with the axis of things, and so they appear not transparent but opaque. The reason why the world lacks unity, and lies broken and in heaps, is, because man is disunited with himself. He cannot be a naturalist, until he satisfies all the demands of the spirit. Love is as much its demand, as perception. Indeed, neither can be perfect without the other. In the uttermost meaning of the words, thought is devout, and devotion is thought. Deep calls unto deep.” – from Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature (1836) “The insufficiency of our faculties of perception—an insufficiency verified by our faculties of conception and reasoning—is what has given birth to philosophy. The history of doctrines attests it . . . No matter how abstract a conception may be it always has its starting point in a perception.” – from Henri Bergson, The Creative Mind (1956) For these thinkers, the key to understanding the function of perceptions in our phenomenal experience is not what we find in the properties of the perceptual structure, but what we find missing. Look at the objects in your room right now. What you will not find, under any circumstances, is an isolated perceptual structure which does not present itself in the context of many other perceptual structures. The lamp does not present itself apart from the table or floor it is resting on. The door does not present itself apart from the walls it is situated between, and the computer monitor does not present itself apart from the wires through which electrical currents pass to make the display possible. What is the reason for this fact? As per Hegel’s remark quoted above, a truly isolated property would be “reduced to mere meaning” and “involute into itself.” Put more simply, the perceptual property would disappear, i.e. we would no longer perceive it with any outer quantitative structure. As long as a perceptual structure remains connected to other perceptual structures, and those structures to yet more structures, so on and so forth, the property we can isolate only in our thought is still serving a function in our experience. It is that function which explains its continued perceptual existence. So what is this function? It is found within the complement of all perceptual structures—their conceptual meanings. Perceptions are like voids of meaning; they are negative images which invite us to fill their voids with our meaningful concepts. This negative image relates to Berkeley’s statement above—if we are thinking about a “sensible thing,” then we are perceiving it with our thought, and, if we are perceiving it with our thought, that means we have not yet exhausted that perception with our conceptual meaning. So there cannot possibly exist a thought about some-thing which we have never perceived. Such thinking would be perfectly united with its object and there would be no perception of the object as a distinct entity. Goethe points to this “holy secret” of Nature as well because “each and every feature” she carries in her perceptions serve as a ‘suction’ on our conceptual cognition—what appears as an outer ‘thing’ in our perception is, in essence, an absence of inner conceptual meaning. She offers her appearances as “inside out and outside in” by presenting what is truly absent (meaning) as a perceptual structure. Nature, by presenting her appearances in this manner, invites (or demands) our thoughts to render her subtle meanings increasingly more transparent than opaque. Consider this imaginative visual analogy of the process provided by a like-minded soul: Let us imagine ourselves in a ‘God’ state. We think the thought ‘circle’ and our cognition assumes the shape of the meaning of circle. Our whole reality then consists of the meaning of circle: there would be no need for any thought-perception of it because we experience the complete meaning of it—our cognition is one and the same with the idea, i.e. the meaningful quality of circle-ness through and through. There is nothing that a perception could add to the idea that we now experience as the entire meaning of our Divinity. In fact, if we have a perception in our Divine mind, then this means that there is at least one more idea present—the idea of perception. In the first state, our whole Universe was made of the meaning of ‘circle’. Now, in addition to that, we also experience the idea of reflection, something which we have thrust out of ourselves in order to symbolize in perception the meaning of circle which was previously our complete reality. We then exhale (an outward movement) our own cognitive essence and create a void shaped as circle. If we fill it completely with our perfect cognitive essence, then everything becomes the invisible inner meaning of circle again. But we don’t allow this to happen. We resist the suction and we keep the void open. Now this void exists for our Divine being and we can experience many other ideas in relation to it. The void tries to suck in from our meaningful essence an infinity of possible ideas that can try to approximate its shape (every idea except circle, which would close the void perfectly). For example, we can try to fill the void with a meaningful concept in the shape of a hexagon. It is like we are saying: “this thing looks to me like a hexagon.” The void draws in our cognitive essence into itself and we assume the meaning-shape of a hexagon. Yet, the perception does not completely disappear because the idea that we experience is not a perfect fit. The hexagon fills the circle but there are six sectors of the circle that remain: Those six sections which remain in the circle image above (light green) correspond to perceptions which persist in the world around us. Take a moment to remember here that the purpose of this phenomenological approach is to indicate how perceptions manifest in our immanent experience. We are not interested in assuming anything about the “fundamental essence” of perceptions or generalizing our immanent experience into any abstract “universal principle” which governs the entire Cosmos. There is no good fruit to be produced from any such purely abstract endeavor, which attempts to “leap in one bound to the eternal” (Bergson). For now, we only need to ask ourselves—when we look at the world around us, assuming we are looking with genuine attention and interest—do the perceptions in our surrounding environment invite us, or even compel us, to fill their voids with our meaningful concepts as illustrated above? I do not think this fact is reasonably doubted by anyone engaging in this exercise with good will. We can remember here Bergson’s observation that insufficient perception, revealed as such by our conceptual reasoning, has given birth to all philosophy (and all thoughtful inquiries in human history). The next step of our phenomenological endeavor is to confirm the reasoning above with specific perceptual phenomena in our experience. For instance, let’s consider the letters and words we use when speaking and writing, which are those same ever-evolving letters and words which Barfield used to sketch an entire historical account of Western culture. These are the letters and words which I have written previously and which you are reading right this moment. So the perceptions, in this case, are the letters which make up the words, the words which make up sentences, the sentences which make up paragraphs, and so forth. What occurs when these perceptions present themselves to our eyes, in the case of reading? We perceive the outer structure of those words, sentences, paragraphs, etc. – their “syntax” – and that syntax stimulates our thought to go searching for the inner conceptual meaning which makes sense of the syntactical structure – their “semantics“. No words have semantic meaning in isolation, but rather the meaning lives in the empty spaces between the letters, words, and sentences (the latter spaces are indicated by “punctuation“). Consider the following sentence in three formulations to discern carefully how your own cognitive activity responds when perceiving them: (2) “hereli esthewhitemo usewhowaseate nbytheb rowncat“. (3) “herelies thewhitemouse, whowas eatenbythe browncat“. What else have I done in formulations #2 and #3 above apart from creating and enlarging (or modifying with punctuation) empty spaces within the syntax of the letters and words, so that your conceptual activity can fill them with meaning more easily? Nothing else has been done besides that. Note how the empty spaces do not automatically bring meaning to the structure, but only reveal it after our cognitive activity has been invited in to assume its shape and we accept the invitation with meaningful engagement. The same logic used above will apply to all other perceptual phenomena in our experience. Consider music when we are listening, singing, or dancing to it and discerning its underlying rhythm. This rhythm is discerned, usually subconsciously, by the silent spaces (“intervals“) between the beats, notes, and chords. The musical aesthetic also allows us to broaden our phenomenology a bit more to begin considering how our perceptions do not only include spatial structures, but also temporal ones. The temporal structures are easily missed when considering simple shapes, objects in our rooms, or words in an essay, but not so much when considering our auditory perception of music. That is, if we know to look for them. The term “liminal space” was developed to refer to that duration of transition between one state of being and the next state, and in music these spaces are exemplified by “rhythmic thresholds.” Psychologists who have studied these rhythmic thresholds have identified the lowest possible limit that the mind can perceive, with normal waking cognition, as 33 beats per minute (“lower perceptual limit”). They have also identified approximately 240 beats per minute as the “upper perceptual limit.” That is not the fastest speed at which music can be played, but the threshold at which our normal cognition will fail to notice any significant difference in the musical structure if it were to become any faster. It is very important to remember that these thresholds are limits of our own normal cognitive perception at any given time, rather than absolute limits on cognitive perception itself. Above we have already reasoned that these spaces between perceptions (musical beats/notes) seem to invite more conceptual activity the larger they become, but are these the only factors at play? In seeking this answer, we are asking what our immanent experience discloses to us when listening to music at various speeds within these perceptual limits. To be clear, the following is not an exact mathematical science; it may not even be a great representation of the perceptual semantics we are exploring. However, with normal waking cognition, and within the narrow boundaries of a written essay, it is likely the best that I can do. We will proceed with the phenomenology of temporal perception by listening to the following musical clips in three stages. (1) Lower perceptual limit (33 BPM): (2) Above-Mean Perceptual Limit (180 BPM) (3) [Almost] Upper Perceptual Limit (240 BPM – Drums) How did these three clips rate on a spectrum of inviting liminal spaces for your cognition to fill their voids with conceptual meaning? For me, clip #1 was a struggle due to the prolonged temporal gaps. Yet, after about 10-20 seconds, I could feel my cognitive activity picking up and searching for meaning to constellate within the liminal spaces. Clip #3 was the most difficult for my cognitive activity, as the drumbeats came in fast and furious, leaving almost no room for my activity to be welcomed into the spaces. Clip #2 was the most welcoming for me, and, although there was some struggle for the first few bars, it smoothly invited my cognitive activity into its natural progression of liminal spacing and made it feel very welcome there. At this point, some readers may be wondering whether their cognitive preferences were mostly an artifact of the song choices, i.e. a result of the fact that most people will prefer Vivaldi’s Four Seasons to an unknown, slow-motion Moon song or a death-metal drum performance. I don’t deny such factors are relevant, but the real question is, Are these other preferential factors also reflections of the liminal spacing between the temporal perceptions? Reason tells me that our preferences for songs will have a lot to do with how much cognitive suction their liminal spacing stimulates within us. Much more can be said about the dynamics occurring in these liminal spaces of perceptual phenomena, but now we need to begin returning to the main phenomena at issue in this essay series on mechanism. How many readers would be more willing to apply the adjective mechanistic to Clip #3 than they would for the other clips? With this clear connection between the over-narrowing of liminal spacing and meaning, we begin to see what mechanization really takes away from our cognition and perception of the world phenomena we are always encountering around us. It is not only the overall meaning available to any given population which is sacrificed in the ever-increasingly mechanized world, as Barfield indicated in the opening quotation, but also the capacity for each individual to play a decisive role in co-creating that meaning through an ever-evolving courtship with Nature; the capacity to microcosmically build up our legacy by giving birth to meaning which will serve as the stable foundations of knowledge for our descendants in centuries to come. In the next part of this essay, we will look more closely and precisely at this phenomenon of mechanization in the digital age. It will be important to remember that a genuine phenomenology does not arbitrarily end once it diagnoses a deep problem in our experience. This cynical approach to phenomenal inquiry in recent decades is itself an expression of mechanism—it is the computer program terminating once it completes a few iterations of its code. The genuine inquiry, instead, evolves with its phenomena as the nerve-senses evolve within a living organism and continually feed back meaningful information to the brain; it seeks to become increasingly united in meaning with the phenomena and therefore anticipate how its future stages will blossom in our experience. To employ a photographic analogy, the genuine phenomenology seeks to focus its lens vertically and deeply on its subject, rather than only widely and horizontally. Our thoughts must be transfigured into seeds planted deeply within the perceptual soil, rather than scattered loosely over the ground, so they blossom in full health. We must remember to go deep into the phenomena, not wide. Going deep with our cognitive activity is the essence of life and novelty, while going wide inevitably becomes repetitive, mechanistic, and, therefore, establishes itself as the enemy of life. Ashvin Pandurangi is a consumer bankruptcy attorney in the Washington D.C. area who looks for truly imaginative solutions to his clients’ financial problems, especially those born of excessive fragmentation, isolation, and alienation in the modern age. He writes essays on mythology, aesthetics, psychology, philosophy, and spirituality, with the aim of gaining a deep and holistic appreciation of how these cultural traditions have manifested across the world and across the epochs of human history, while also conveying those insights to others whenever possible. Visit theawakeningspirit.org to read more of his work.

<urn:uuid:68d2ce04-f956-4be6-915e-e9d64b4eff40>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://thesecularheretic.com/perception-the-mechanism-that-kills-it/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

Decommissioning nuclear reactors Posted on 22 Nov 2014 and read 3268 times In its latest annual report, the Paris-based International Energy Agency warns that governments across the world are significantly underestimating the cost of decommissioning nuclear reactors. It says that the bill will exceed $100 billion over the next 25 years alone, and it points out that almost 200 reactors are due to be shut down by 2040, whereas only 10 have been decommissioned since 1970. IEA chief economist Fatih Bitol said: “This is an urgent area that needs consideration. We are calling on regulators and utilities to ensure that enough funds are set aside to cover future expenses.” In addition, the IEA estimates that the amount of spent nuclear fuel will double to more than 700,000 tonnes by 2040. “Even now — some 60 years after the first nuclear power plant started operation — no country has yet opened a permanent disposal facility for commercial high-level waste.” Commenting on the report, Paul Dorfman of the Energy Institute at University College London pointed out that the IEA’s figure of $100 billion is only for decommissioning and does not include the costs of permanent waste disposal. “The UK’s own decommissioning and waste disposal costs are £85 billion alone, so that gives you an idea of the astronomical costs associated with nuclear decommissioning.”

<urn:uuid:6fa7c99e-751b-4b00-ae61-14f309a7c0f7>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.machinery-market.co.uk/news/8533/decommissioning-nuclear-reactors

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

By far the most important of all courtly activities in India were the formal receptions known from the 16th century on by the Persian term durbar,since on these occasions the Thakur Sahib and his staff transacted the everyday business of government.Some durbars were grand formal occasions, attended by large numbers of princes, religious advisers, military chiefs, visiting dignitaries, armed guards, bearers of royal insignia, and select members of the public. Others were relatively private affairs in which the ruler conferred only with his closest family members and the most important of his advisers, ministers and commanders. Royal audiences were ideal opportunities to display regal pomp and ceremony so as to emphasize the power of the sovereign and the awe in which he was held. Ceremonial durbars held on religious festivals and on royal anniversaries or birthdays were the most spectacular events in the life of the palace. Rajput palaces, though less formally organized than those of the Mughal, were abundantly provided with pavilions, balconies and terraces, especially at the upper levels, to serve as retreats for members of the court. Picturesque arrangements of roof-views of the surrounding landscape. Sheesh Mahal, or mirror pavilions, intended for visual delight – their walls, vaults and domes entirely covered with mirrors, and their niches and windows inset with pieces of coloured glass. Pierced screens known as jails were also used, especially in the upper balconies from where courtiers and royal women could gaze into the inner courts. Durbars on feast days were more elaborate, and the audience hall was extended by spreading vast awnings. Audience hall have lofty double-height porticoes which make use of both columns and arched portals; from here the Thakur Sahib or his representatives appeared to the public. The Raj Palace has the following Durbars Halls for private audience, known also by Persian term, diwan-I- khass, were the setting for smaller and more specialized darbars. The outermost court of the complex which was the setting for public meetings and is known by the Persian term diwan-I- aam.

<urn:uuid:7cfb8133-b239-40d7-bab7-91a74404d84d>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.rajpalace.com/dining-in-palace/about-the-formal-dining

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

Women, many news outlets have told us, are stars in today's elections. Female voters "could decide a number of important state races across the country." Democrats are hoping for a high turnout of women today; so, it seems, are Republicans. Given all this emphasis on the 2014 ladyvoter, it's easy to forget that, for much of the U.S.'s existence, many women's relationship with voting involved simply hoping to do it one day. The 19th Amendment wasn't ratified until August 1920; that was accomplished only after a long fight—by women, and also by men—to get the vote. There were also women who argued against suffrage, on grounds of both bureaucratic efficiency and morality. One of them was Josephine Dodge, the head of the National Association Opposed to Women’s Suffrage. (This is the group that, as Feministing points out, once warned that giving women the vote would put the government under "petticoat rule.") In 1894, the NAOWS put out a pamphlet with the sober title "Some Reasons Why We Oppose Votes for Women": an 11-point treatise making its case against female suffrage. It looked like this: From today's perspective, the pamphlet's logic is absurd. And to many at the time, as well, women opposing their own enfranchisement was ripe for the mocking. Which was why, in 1915, the suffragette Alice Duer Miller wrote a response to it. She called her own treatise "Why We Oppose Votes for Men." The tract is pictured above; it read like this: 1. Because man’s place is in the army. 2. Because no really manly man wants to settle any question otherwise than by fighting about it. 3. Because if men should adopt peacable [sic] methods women will no longer look up to them. 4. Because men will lose their charm if they step out of their natural sphere and interest themselves in other matters than feats of arms, uniforms and drums. 5. Because men are too emotional to vote. Their conduct at baseball games and political conventions shows this, while their innate tendency to appeal to force renders them particularly unfit for the task of government. It's great satire, and also a timely reminder: Voting may be a right, but it is also a privilege. The "I Voted" sticker being displayed around the country today may be simple and selfie-friendly; it's also something that women—and, of course, many others—fought for. With violence, with patience, and, occasionally, with wit.

<urn:uuid:cce6c51b-af5a-44a3-842d-14f854b23ee5>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/11/the-case-against-male-suffrage/382339/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00488.warc.gz

en

How to Spot Lyme Disease Symptoms 9 minute read Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by deer ticks. One bite transmits one of four bacterial strains that lead to the infection. Lyme disease is common in grassy and woodland areas, but as with many pests, climate change and human behavior seem to be fueling an expansion of tick habitats. Lyme disease affects your brain and mimics other diseases, so the more you know, the better prepared you will be. It is currently estimated that close to 200,000 people are diagnosed with Lyme disease every year, but in reality the numbers may be higher. This is because symptoms can vary between individuals and because the disease presents symptoms that look like other diseases. Because accurate detection can be such a challenge, it is important to be able to recognize various symptoms that can help indicate an infection. Lyme Disease Basics The bacteria affect each person differently, so the degree of illness will vary. In most cases, however, the brain and nervous system are the primary targets. | Related: Could the “Sanskrit Effect” Improve Your Brain? | Initially you will notice a red bump where the tick bit you, but this is not necessarily an indication of Lyme disease. Over the next few weeks, if you notice any of the following symptoms, you should consider having tests done to confirm Lyme disease: ♦ Chronic fatigue ♦ Fever and chills ♦ Body aches ♦ Joint pain ♦ Nausea and vomiting Over time, the symptoms become more neurologically based, as the brain becomes more impacted by the bacteria. Lyme disease has often been mistakenly diagnosed as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, dementia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and even autism. | Related: New Study Finds Key to Early Alzheimer’s Diagnosis | The danger is that these symptoms can take months and even years to develop fully. That is why it is strongly recommended to see a doctor after a tick bite. Lyme Disease and Your Brain Ticks transmit the disease by way of blood. The longer the tick is attached to you, the more chance you have of contracting the disease, assuming the tick is infected. Once in your system, the bacteria adapt so as to survive immune system attacks. They decrease the number of surface proteins that will trigger an inflammatory response. In addition to this, another surface protein is created that protects the bacteria from the host immune system. The overly protected bacteria use the blood to travel and reach organs throughout your body. The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier allows the bacteria to get to your brain. By slipping through the endothelial cells, bacteria get into your brain, which triggers the nervous system changes associated with the disease. Having previously avoided inflammatory attacks, the bacteria now draws in a larger response which complicates the impacts on your brain. The intense inflammation of the brain is what causes swelling and nervous system damage. It can, however, take years before these symptoms are noticed. | Related: Why Curcumin Is Linked to Improved Brain Function | With the symptoms occurring so long after the bite, many people do not link the two events, which lead to misdiagnosis of the disease. Memory problems are the first signs of brain infection and inflammation but additional neurological symptoms can also occur. Lyme Disease and the Damage Done The most debilitating effect from Lyme disease is neuroborreliosis, which is a central nervous system disorder. Individuals affected by this report neurological dysfunction and poor quality of life. Once the infection has reached this level, individuals can experience cognitive changes, neurological complications, and psychological problems. These include: Cognitive Impairments Caused by Lyme Disease ♦ Memory loss ♦ Poor concentration ♦ Slower processing of information ♦ Trouble finding words ♦ Disorganization and frequently losing things Neurological Problems Caused by Lyme Disease Many of the neurological symptoms present as other diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Bell’s palsy, and even stroke. Mimicking other diseases makes Lyme disease a real danger because it interferes with prompt and efficient treatment. Symptoms may be: ♦ Cranial nerve disorders, like tinnitus, double vision, face tingling, and facial palsy ♦ Sensitivity to light (photophobia) ♦ Persistent headaches ♦ Autonomic dysfunction, i.e., trouble regulating blood pressure and pulse. Psychological Problems Caused by Lyme Disease The psychological symptoms associated with Lyme disease can also complicate diagnosis, because they mirror mental health disorders. Misdiagnosing a mental disease as Lyme disease or vice versa can have serious implications in treatment programs. It is still unclear if Lyme disease contributes to the development of mental health disorders or if the symptoms just imitate them. ♦ Hallucinations and delusions (often mistaken for schizophrenia) ♦ Quick-changing moods (resembling manic depression) ♦ Anxiety and frequent panic attacks ♦ Sleep disorders ♦ Depression and suicidal thoughts ♦ Progressive dementia The dysfunction of your brain and nervous system is thought to be caused by direct toxic damage from the bacteria. The increased inflammation that is triggered by the prolonged presence of the Lyme bacteria can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. Through cytotoxicity, the infected cells start killing those around them and the damage becomes more widespread. Diagnosis and Treatment Blood tests are the first way to detect Lyme disease but these can be inaccurate. Advanced cases can be detected using MRI scans; however, the lesions that are found may resemble those of multiple sclerosis. Rashes can be easily overlooked and attributed to other causes, so the best approach to diagnosis is to use multiple testing methods. Treating Lyme disease is just as complicated as diagnosing it, making it a complex and sneaky disease. An integrative approach will be the best solution because you need to address immune system issues, damaged cellular function, and chemical changes in the brain. Conventional treatment at this time involves antibiotics, antiviral supplements, and an anti-inflammatory diet. yme Disease Prevention Because diagnosis and treatment is so tricky, the best way to handle Lyme disease is to prevent it. The deer ticks that pass along Lyme disease can be found anywhere, but they prefer wooded and grassy areas. The Northeastern states and Midwest are the areas where most cases are reported. Living in these areas means you should take care. Use bug sprays when outdoors, make sure you have pants on when hiking in wooded areas, and always check for ticks when you get home. The Bottom Line The ability for Lyme disease to mimic other illnesses allows it to remain hidden for longer periods of time. At the same time, misdiagnosing the disease can cause further complications with treatments. Being careful and employing prevention techniques are the best way to stay healthy. And, if you have been bitten, bring it to your doctor’s attention right away. Monitoring your symptoms and staying one step ahead will be the best defense against these sneaky bacteria.

<urn:uuid:81b3ef5c-26bf-4714-8744-68322b7b5278>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://1md.org/article/how-spot-lyme-disease

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00488.warc.gz

en

Your complimentary articles You’ve read one of your four complimentary articles for this month. You can read four articles free per month. To have complete access to the thousands of philosophy articles on this site, please Fellow Creatures by Christine Korsgaard Chad Trainer asks whether animals should be considered moral ‘ends in themselves’. Do we have a moral duty to treat non-human animals well? Are they sufficiently like us to be considered ‘moral beings’? According to Immanuel Kant in his essay ‘Speculation on the Beginning of Human History’ (1786), man’s conception of himself as the ‘true end of nature’ prompted us to exalt ourselves “altogether beyond any community with animals”, relegating other animals to the status of mere means and tools for humans. But for moral philosopher Christine Korsgaard, the questions of how we’re related to other animals, and whether it matters how we treat them, take us into the ‘existential heart of philosophy’. It confuses her, therefore, that relatively few philosophers have ventured into this territory. She sets out to redress this balance somewhat with her book Fellow Creatures (2018). To Korsgaard, Kant’s outlook on animals seems nothing short of “inherently unstable, if not absolutely incoherent.” This is part of the general instability in humanity’s attitudes toward animals. The complaint from people that they’re ‘being treated like animals’ betrays the very real contrast they make between themselves and “beings whom we take to have a lower value.” Kant argued that “The fact that man can have the idea ‘I’ raises him infinitely above all the other beings living on earth… irrational animals… we can dispose of as we please.” The duty Kant imagines we owe to animals amounts to no more than the duty we might consider we owe to great paintings, say, to preserve them in good condition and appreciate their beauty. Our motives to protect them are not on account of any particular obligations Kant thinks we have to the paintings (or animals) themselves, but rather to ourselves as ethical beings. While Kant may be right that the human sense of self entails a “kind of consciousness that is unified over time”, Korsgaard takes him to task for glossing over the graduated nature of self, and consequently neglecting any possibly equivalent ‘functional unity’ or awareness of selfhood over time in the consciousness of other animals. The prevailing view that things are simply more important to us than they are to other animals may, Korsgaard argues, amount to no more than a callous reluctance to appreciate that “the subjectivity of others is just as real as our own.” She writes, “I think that many people assume that animals are simply less important than people, and therefore that what happens to them matters less.” “It may be true,” she later acknowledges, “that only we human beings think about ourselves, if that means having thoughts in which we identify ourselves as ‘I’. But even if it were [true], the issue is more complicated than that, for self-consciousness is something that comes in degrees and takes many different forms.” (p.30) That we humans expect ourselves to live up to various moral standards and ideals does distinguish us from other animals. For Kant, other animals’ inability to participate in reciprocal legislation due to their lack of rationality is what frees us from any obligations to them, as it puts them outside of the ‘moral community’. Although Korsgaard does not reject Kant’s tenet that ‘rational autonomous beings have obligations to each other grounded in relations of reciprocal legislation’, she disagrees that this implies that the non-rational animals’ inability to participate in reciprocal legislation simply relieves humans from obligations towards them. Beneficence, for instance, entails respect for animal and rational nature alike. Korsgaard argues that humans may very well be distinctive in having capacities for empathizing with other creatures’ importance to themselves, and for appreciating this as grounds for treating other animals as ends in themselves. She also argues that although autonomous rational beings (that is, humans) alone establish the moral presupposition that we’re ‘ends in ourselves’, not merely means to ends, it hardly follows that this status applies only to autonomous rational beings, as Kant thought. There are respects in which animals are analogous to us, after all; and it is precisely in these respects that animals ought to be cherished for their own sakes, instead of for the merely salutary effects such nurture might have on our own characters, say. Korsgaard’s claim that other animals have the ethical standing of ‘ends in themselves’ has as its foundation the idea of the ‘essentially self-affirming nature of life itself’. In theorizing about the moral claims of animals, diametrically opposed views emerge from an identical premise (Kant called this situation an ‘antinomy’). For some proponents of animal rights, due to the evils of nature to which wild animals are vulnerable, it is imperative that we make all animals domestic. For other proponents of animal rights, our inability to sufficiently accommodate domestic animals obliges us to leave them wild. Korsgaard herself concedes that including animals in Kant’s ‘Kingdom of Ends’ would render the hope of making the world good for every ‘End’ null and void, since animals’ interests are inevitably irreconcilable. Animals aren’t interested in morality anyway, Kantian or otherwise: “Nature is recalcitrant to moral standards. We can impose the form of law on our actions, but we cannot impose the form of the good on nature. This… is the source of some of the knottiest problems of animal ethics” (p.154). And were we to set out to genetically manipulate predators or rid the planet of them altogether we would be ‘playing God’ in an opprobrious sense. For Korsgaard, we are obligated to put an end to predation “ only if we take on the role of the creator with regard to them, and… we have no obligation to do that.” But the fact that nature is rife with conflicts among animals and “we don’t take on the role of the creator” hardly absolves humans from their obligation to treat other animals as ends in themselves, or at least to not ‘undermine existing animal communities’. To be sure, Korsgaard believes we’re basically entitled to preserve our species. That said, according to her own variety of Kantian ethics, this “is the kind of right we can forfeit – we can fail to deserve it – if we continue to abuse the individual animals and the animal communities with whom we share the world” (p.214). At her most arresting, Korsgaard develops the implications of her argument to ponder how “nothing has ever been as bad for the biotic community as unhindered human reproduction. Shouldn’t it follow that it is wrong for humans to reproduce, and right for us to stop reproducing and let ourselves go extinct?” (p.213). Fellow Creatures is a carefully structured and rigorously reasoned tract. But instead of culminating in a didactic crescendo, Korsgaard has the intellectual integrity to own up to her bewilderment and dissonance. She considers pet-keeping morally problematic, for instance. On one hand, the lives of animals consist, for the most part, in reproduction and obtaining food – the very activities of which pet owners are intent on depriving them. On the other hand, she muses, “I find the idea that we cannot give dogs a good life implausible” (p.235). The case of cats is ‘iffier’. That is, “there is genuine controversy over whether an indoor life is good enough for them, while letting them live outdoors can be dangerous to them in the city, and has a deleterious effect on wildlife. Another problem is that they are obligate carnivores” (p.235). Korsgaard confesses to having kept five fellow creatures as pets – the cats with whom she has “lived a morally compromised life, feeding them the meat that I will not eat myself.” In one of Plato’s earlier dialogues, the Meno, the eponymous interlocutor complains to Socrates, “Socrates you are exactly like the flat stingray that one meets in the sea. Whenever one comes into contact with it, it numbs him, and that is the sort of thing that you seem to be doing to me now.” Socrates replies: “…if the stingray paralyzes others only through being paralyzed itself, then the comparison is just, but not otherwise.” To Korsgaard’s credit, one completes her tract similarly affected by her own self-confessed Socratic paralysis. © Chad Trainer 2020 Chad Trainer is an independent scholar engaged in a study of the history of philosophy. • Fellow Creatures, Christine M. Korsgaard, 2018, OUP, £14.99 pb, 272 pages, ISBN: 9780198854876

<urn:uuid:c7696956-4304-4a0a-905d-0320d9356329>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://philosophynow.org/issues/137/Fellow_Creatures_by_Christine_Korsgaard

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00488.warc.gz

en

Today we default to texting something into our smartphone or whipping out the laptop, but we often forget the power of handwriting. Here is why you should consider writing your next thoughts down instead of typing them out. - Filter your thoughts: We go through a filtering process when we write things down. If you're like me, you can type much faster than you can write--and the additional time and energy required to move your pen means you are more thoughtful in what you capture on the page. It's not limited to words, either: Doing a quick sketch or diagram can sometimes be the key to focusing your thoughts and expressing hard-to-articulate ideas. - Remember what you were thinking: I write most things down inside my journal and date it when I have a big idea or need to work something out. Some of my ideas are rubbish, but the ones that are the most valuable eventually get put into my apple notes program. Now I can access brainstorms or thoughts I had months, even years ago--and they are often strong ideas I would have long forgotten. It's like having a Google for my brain. - Articulate the abstract: Consider it an elevator pitch to yourself. While ideas are broad and encompassing, words are limiting and linear. Use this to your advantage: Find the right language to express your next product or venture. Writing out your thoughts takes them out of your head and forces you to capture them in a cohesive manner without potential distractions or aids like PowerPoint, spellcheck or the internet. Your scribbles can be both raw in concept and structured in words--a powerful combination. When is the last time you tried writing down your thoughts, rather than typing things out, to get through an impasse or to work out a strategy?

<urn:uuid:e0694a8d-4319-41ca-a8f9-b0eb3d0ff8c2>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://rubengarciajr.net/the-power-of-writing/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00488.warc.gz

en

The Mangroves for the Future initiative (MFF) in Asia is an example of where development aid from Scandinavian countries is allocated and benefiting sustainable development, but is typically unknown to the general public. Dr Janaka de Silva, former MFF Programme Manager, explains how the funding is being used. In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and the UN started MFF in 2006, financed principally by Norad (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation) and Sida (Swedish International Development Agency) with substantial contributions from its core partners and the private sector. “MFF was really born from the need to try and improve coastal systems; for both people and the eco systems in a practical and a more strategic way [recognised as important by the Scandinavian donors]. Coastal areas are extremely dynamic and rich in terms of natural resources. But they are also extremely important in relation to human development; key tourism areas and for infrastructure such as ports and harbours. These multiple services mean that solutions need to address both natural and human development needs. MFF promotes good coastal management that balances the multiple uses from coastal ecosystems.” MFF does this by encouraging integrated management and investments that are ecologically and socio-economically sound, and which promote human wellbeing and security. And these activities should build resilience to the growing threats from the impacts of climate change and natural disasters. All eco systems in coastal areas relevant “Particularly in the villages in the Phang-Nga area [Thailand] you will hear stories of people saying: ‘I climbed the mangrove tree and it saved me or it absorbed the shock of the wave so my house was saved.’ And that is one reason why we went with this name because it was now recognized by local people and communities as a valuable resource,” says Janaka de Silva, referring to the 2004 tsunami. In addition to mangroves MFF includes all other important eco systems such as seagrass beds, wetlands and coral reefs. “Using mangrove as a flagship ecosystem is very relevant. Everyone knows that communities with rich mangroves survived the tsunami,” comments Chatri Moonstan, Senior Program Officer (Development Cooperation), at the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Bangkok. “Mangrove projects are quite significant in the current portfolio; the supporting of mangrove restoration and rehabilitation in both Indonesia and Thailand where civil society and governments are jointly participating,” Janaka observes. “In Thailand there are also livelihood-related actions and activities: supporting sustainable livelihood options including alternative income opportunities.” Empowerment via large and small grants Operationally, MFF supports concerted actions and projects to generate and share knowledge more effectively, empower institutions and communities, and enhance the governance of coastal ecosystems. MFF seeks to achieve results through four areas of action: regional cooperation, national programme support, private sector partnerships and community action. MFF, through a series of partnerships with different organizations, invests directly in supporting sustainable coastal ecosystems through on-the-ground projects that are highly effective as the testing ground for new and innovative practices. “We have two investment mechanisms; large and small grants. Small grants tend to be designed specifically for civil society; it’s a mechanism to actually get right down to the roots of society, because one of the beauty things of MFF is that it feels it should address all elements of a country’s actions.” “Each country has adapted these programmes to suit its own national needs. Based on the national strategy plan a national coordinating body – again a multi stakeholder platform – makes decisions on how the funds should be used. And that plan is not supposed be something new but supposed to complement and build on existing policies, plans and objectives as well,” emphasizes Janaka. “Through the grant scheme MFF can take the donor funds and direct it into the eight member countries, based on guidelines from the Regional Steering Committee (RSC) which is composed by these countries as well as eight partner organizations that represent conservation, civil society, and the donors.” Norad and Sida had recognised the importance of this more strategic, structural kind of support. Each country is represented by a government organization. The RSC also oversees all efforts to ensure accountability and transparency to MFF’s donors and other contributors. “MFF is also unique in that its implementation works to ensure participation of stakeholders from across civil society, international organizations and governments to work collaboratively. So it’s also about creating a multi-stakeholder platform. Mechanisms are promoted for all stakeholders to have a voice in how we invest and use those resources that we have.” “And there are 15 Programmes of Work, used when targeting our work, which fall into three main objectives: those that generate information and knowledge that can improve decision-making; those focusing on empowerment, e.g. transferring and giving opportunities for different stakeholders to have the right to manage the resources and participate in those decisions; and third is aimed at enhancing governance: how to improve the policies and practices so you can make changes in the long-run.” “The MFF approach aims to create vertical links from communities to national and regional levels so that the investment at the community level are guided in a manner that addresses key issues more strategically. MFF has established processes that enable the identification of those people who are more vulnerable and need to benefit and tries to work with these groups. I think the beauty with this bottom-up system is that it actually enables local knowledge to be used in decision-making.” Participatory governance enables government, civil society and communities to jointly plan and manage it in a more strategic way so that it benefits everyone is also encouraged. “One of the valuable features we’ve had from Scandinavian donors is they have been flexible on how MFF invests in terms of thematic areas within the MFF countries,” thinks Janaka. “Currently our grants system is funded through Norad and the governance is funded through Sida (institutional and government).” Norad has so far provided 30 million NOK for small and large grants and finds that MFF delivers “amazingly good results”. “Small grants are among the key success factors that bring about tangible results at the field, national and regional levels. Small grants are quite small in amounts but large in term of impacts and visibility,” replies Chatri Moonstan. Between 2008 and 2011 more than 80 Small Grant Facility projects were carried out across the MFF region. Among the result so far, the majority of small projects have contributed to alleviating poverty and empowering communities through the development of sustainable livelihoods, states MFF. Investments have led to behavioural changes that have reduced pressure on natural resources and provided additional sources of income. MFF has also contributed to improving coastal governance by supporting Integrated Coastal Management and by influencing national policies. The long-term goal is that MFF can become a more self-sufficient continuing initiative, which is integrated in national policies, galvanizing resources from other co-funding than donors, and including “different donor funds for different actions”. Looking forward MFF will build on its civil society approach and inclusive design for coastal management, and provide assistance to develop similar models of ecosystem conservation in other regions.

<urn:uuid:afd789c3-972d-4c75-9887-8922d86747d9>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://scandasia.com/9873-scandinavian-development-support-mangroves-for-the-future/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00488.warc.gz

en

How does a flame photometer work? A flame photometer is an analytical tool that uses emission spectroscopy. It has parts for burning gas and flame, an optical part, a photoelectric converter, and a part for detecting and writing down what it sees. The flame’s heat energy is used to make the atoms of a certain element give off light, and an instrument can measure how strong that light is. Then, this can be used to figure out what a certain part of the material is about. Things that affect how sensitive a flame spectrometer is 1) Analysis line When there are many analytical lines for each element, the resonance line is usually the most sensitive and is often used as the analytical line. However, this sensitive line should be chosen when measuring samples with higher concentrations. For example, the analysis line for measuring sodium is a = 589.0nm, and when the concentration is higher, the analysis line is a = 330.0nm. The type and state of the flame are very important to the sensitivity, and different flames should be chosen based on the properties of the thing being measured. At the moment, flames can be split into three types: air-hydrogen flame, air-acetylene flame, and nitric oxide-acetylene flame. The air-hydrogen flame has a low flame temperature and is used to find elements that easily break apart in the flame, like arsenic and selenium. The air-acetylene flame is a medium-temperature flame, and it is used to find elements that are hard to break apart in the flame, like magnesium and calcium, copper, zinc, lead, manganese, etc. The nitric oxide-acetylene flame is a high-temperature flame, and it is Depending on its state, the flame is called a lean flame, a stoichiometric flame, or a rich flame. When too much oxidant is used, the flame is said to be “lean.” The flame temperature is low since a lot of cold oxidant takes away the heat in the flame. This flame is good for finding alkali metal elements because there is enough oxidant, the combustion is complete, and the flame has an oxidizing atmosphere. The stoichiometric flame is a flame that burns with the right amount of fuel and oxygen based on the stoichiometric relationship. It has a high temperature, less interference, is stable, and has a low background. Aside from alkali metals and easily formed refractory oxides, alkali metals and easily formed refractory oxides are the most common elements. People often use this flame. A “rich flame” is one that burns more fuel than it needs to. The flame has a strong reducing atmosphere because it isn’t burning all the way. This flame has reducing properties and can be used to find elements that are more likely to form refractory oxides, such as molybdenum, rare earth elements, etc. When the element being measured doesn’t have any interference lines next to it, like potassium, sodium, etc., a larger slit can be used. When the element being measured, like calcium, iron, magnesium, etc., has interference lines close together, a smaller slit can be used. 4) Lamp voltage Most of the light sources used in flame atomic absorption spectrophotometers are hollow cathode lamps, which only require one lamp current to work. How much light a lamp gives off depends on how much current it has. Increasing the lamp current within a certain range can make the light brighter, but it also makes the lamp less stable and lowers the signal-to-noise ratio. This makes the instrument less sensitive. If the lamp current is too high, the lamp will corrode on its own, which will shorten its useful life. It will also discharge in an odd way, which will make the lamp’s light intensity change. On the other hand, lowering the lamp current within a certain range can lower the intensity of the light and make the instrument more sensitive, but it also lowers the stability of the lamp and the signal-to-noise ratio. If the lamp’s current is too low, the lamp’s radiation will be less strong, which will cause the stability and signal-to-noise ratio to drop so much that it can’t be used. So, in specific detection work, if the concentration of the sample being tested is high, use a larger lamp current to get better stability. If the concentration of the sample being tested is low, use the premise of making sure the stability meets the requirements. Lower the lamp current to make the light more sensitive. 5) How much lift The sensitivity is affected by how much lift there is. If the lift is too high or too low, the atomizer will not be stable. Each manufacturer has a different range for how high an instrument can be lifted. Here are some ways to make the lift stronger: (1) Increase the gas flow rate. In this way, the amount of lifting goes up when the negative pressure goes up. (2) Cut the length of the tube used to give the injection. When you cut the length of the injection tube, the resistance of the tube goes down and the test solution flows through it faster. On the other hand, if you want to lower the lift, you can lower the flow of combustion gas or make the injection tube longer. The atomizer’s job is to break up the test solution into tiny pieces. It is a key part of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and how well it works has a big effect on the sensitivity, precision, and chemical interference of the assay. The more stable the spray of the atomizer is, the smaller and more uniform the droplets, the higher the atomization efficiency, the higher the sensitivity, the better the precision, and the less chemical interference there is. At the moment, you can adjust the atomizer by changing where the impact ball is in relation to the capillary. The inspector should adjust the atomizer so that the droplets are small and uniform and that they are spread out evenly around the impact ball. If that can’t be done, the droplets can be spread out evenly around the impact ball. 7) Burner position Adjust the height and position of the burner’s front and back so that the light beam from the hollow cathode lamp goes through the part of the flame with the most free electrons. At this time, things are at their most sensitive and stable. If you don’t need very high sensitivity, like when measuring a large amount of a test solution, you can change the angle of the burner to make it easier to see. Stability of the flame: If the temperature of the flame is too low, the sensitivity will go down. If the temperature of the flame is too high, there will be a lot of alkali metal ionization, which will change the linear relationship of the measurement. The ratio of compressed air to combustion gas also has a big effect on how stable the flame is. Whether or not the gas pressure stays the same is another thing that affects how stable the flame is. - The atomizer’s effect on atomization: The atomizer’s job is to break up the test solution into tiny pieces. The way it works has a big effect on the sensitivity, precision, and chemical interference of the assay. The more stable the spray of the atomizer is, the smaller and more uniform the droplets, the higher the atomization efficiency, the higher the sensitivity, the better the precision, and the less chemical interference there is. - The quality of the filter: A good filter can reduce the effect of substances that are already there. Also, the filter should be fixed inside the flame photometer so that you don’t have to keep changing it and wearing out the device. - Measuring Range: The flame photometer has a wide measuring range, which can reduce the sample’s dilution ratio, cut down on human error, and make the results more accurate. What to look for in a flame photometer There are a lot of different brands and models of flame photometers on the market, which makes it hard to choose the right one. Before we buy a flame photometer, we can compare them by looking at their parameters, how easy they are to use, and how much they cost. - How it looks and how safe it is There are a lot of different analytical tools in the lab, but there isn’t much room. Choose a flame photometer with a small footprint and low noise as your first option. Some flame photometers are not only beautiful to look at, but they also have a quiet air compressor built in and can detect when the flame goes out and turn off automatically, saving you space and stress. - Device parameters On one hand, the way it looks is nice. The parameters of the hard instruments still affect what instruments and other tools the lab buys. Examples: 1) Measuring range The range should be as wide as possible. For the flame photometer to work, the sample may need to be diluted more than once. This could make it harder to measure accurately because of the error logarithmic amplification effect. 2) Stability of the fire The amount of combustion gas to compressed air and whether or not the gas pressure stays the same affect how stable a flame is. A very stable flame is the only way to make sure that the measurement is sensitive and accurate. 3) Filter quality The filters are high quality so that they don’t get messed up by other species. The filter should be fixed inside the flame photometer so that it doesn’t have to be changed as often and wear out less quickly. 4) The effect of atomization How well the nebulizer works has a big effect on the sensitivity, precision, and chemical interference of the assay. A good flame photometer atomizer has a steady spray, small droplets that are all the same size, high sensitivity, and good accuracy. 5) Drift amount: During the detection process, data that keeps changing will make it hard to judge how reliable the data is. A flame photometer that is stable should make sure that the 30 minute drift is as small as possible. Along with parameters, the ease of using an instrument also affects how the user feels about it. In addition to a simple, easy-to-understand interface and screen display, there are a few other things to think about when it comes to how easy it is to use. 1) Reading Style If the flame photometer‘s continuous reading mode can read measured values 20 times per second and automatically calculate the average value of the read data, it will be easier to use and less likely that random errors will happen. With the automatic concentration reading feature, the experimenter doesn’t have to figure out the regression equation or draw the working curve. Instead, they can just read the concentration value of the sample liquid directly from the flame photometer. 2) Detection method Some flame photometers can find a lot of different ions at the same time. This saves a lot of time and trouble because you don’t have to change filters and calibrate each time. This is a big benefit for labs that need to take a lot of measurements. 3) Calibration function With internal calibration, a flame photometer can save a lot of time and get rid of calibration errors caused by changes in the environment. When you need to measure for a long time, using the single-point calibration function can save you a lot of time. With the multi-ion standard calibration function, you can make sure that different ion calibrations don’t happen at the same time. 4) Report results By connecting to the control analysis software, the flame photometer with RS232 and USB interfaces can automatically output data, curves, and concentration calculation results in the format you choose. This makes work much more efficient. Why does the flame photometer’s sensitivity go down over time? If the sensitivity goes down, get rid of any physical factors first. If the liquid is atomized well and the flame burns normally and the instrument has been used for a long time, the filter may be moldy or the photocell may not be able to release electrons as well as it used to. If any of the above parts are changed, the sensitivity will not change. If the increase is too big, the amplifier may be to blame. Even though the sensitivity has been improved, it is not ideal to change the measuring amplifier’s power supply to 12V and replace the impedance converter FET and operational amplifier. To make the instrument sensitive again, a high-impedance amplifier is added to the feedback end of the amplifier. Is a flame photometer the same thing as an atomic spectrophotometer? The flame’s heat energy is used to excite the atoms of an element so that they give off light. The intensity of the element’s spectral energy is measured by an instrument to figure out how much of that element is in the material. A flame photometer is the name for this kind of tool. The main components of an atomic spectrophotometer are the light source (a monochromatic sharp line radiation source), the sample atomizer, the monochromator, and the data processing system (including a photoelectric converter and corresponding detection device). There are two main kinds of atomizers: those that use a flame and those that use electricity. So, a flame photometer is a type of atomic spectrophotometer. How are a flame photometer and a spectrophotometer different from each other? Atomic emission is used by the flame photometer to break up the corresponding substances into tiny particles (solids are made into solutions, such as being dissolved in acid). The liquid is very hot, and the gas is excited by the discharge. The excited electrons have a high level of energy, are unstable, and will change. Back in the ground state, different atoms have different levels of electron energy, so when they change, they give off light waves of different lengths. By looking at the waves of light, you can figure out what atoms are. In the same way, the strength of the light wave can be used to figure out what’s inside the atom. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer works on the principle of absorption. The UV region (200–400 nm) is usually used to analyze organic substances. How is a flame atomic absorption spectrometer different from a flame photometer? Most metal atoms are measured with a flame atomic absorption spectrometer, while Na, K, and other halogen elements are mostly measured with a flame photometer.

<urn:uuid:5289f5a9-1da2-4bb5-ab89-a8e81e736a47>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.carebibi.com/flame-photometer/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00488.warc.gz

en

Celebrating women’s work in the world of plants “I want to explore the ways this field is a more viable and creative career path for women than ever before and how the plant-work world is demonstrating greater social and environmental responsibility in large part due to women’s contributions.” — Jennifer Jewell, “The Earth in Her Hands: 75 Extraordinary Women Working in the World of Plants,” 2020 Jennifer Jewell hosts a weekly podcast called “Cultivating Place: Conversations on Natural History and the Human Impulse to Garden” (www.npr.org/podcasts). Her podcast focuses on stories that emphasize gardens and gardening as essential for growing natural and cultural literacy. In “The Earth in Her Hands,” Jewell taps into her 53-plus years of gardening, and her 10 years interviewing plant people and organizations from around the world, to profile women who work in diverse sectors of the plant world. Jewell lives and works in Chico, California, so many of the women profiled in her book are from western states, including California, Oregon and Washington. Others base their work from other parts of the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Australia, India or Japan. The women represent diverse races, ethnicities, backgrounds and ages. Each profile includes the featured woman’s work, her favorite plant or landscape, an account of her plant journey, and mentions of other women who inspired them. Altogether, the profiles weave a rich tapestry of the contributions that contemporary women are making through their work: collecting plants and seeds, designing ecologically sustainable gardens and landscapes, growing healthy edible and ornamental gardens, researching plants and microorganisms, creating garden-based art, and educating others about gardens and gardening. Most of the women do work that spans two or more categories, and they are particularly passionate about sharing their work with others. Across the range of women in plant work, I noted a shared commitment to increasing accessibility to gardens and gardening for a broader range of people. Their collective goal is to break down barriers that have prevented some people from enjoying the benefits of gardens and gardening. Several women are doing the work of connecting people to gardens through their cultural heritage. For example, Leslie Bennett of Oakland, California, designs and installs gardens for people of color by including food, flowers and medicinal plants that are relevant to their background and experiences. Her Black Sanctuary Gardens are aimed at providing physical and spiritual sustenance, especially for Black women. Similarly, Leah Penniman’s Soul Fire Farm in New York and her book “Farming While Black” are “dedicated to reconnecting African-heritage people to the land after centuries of land-based oppression and alienation.” Fionnuala (pronounced fin-oo-la) Fallon, an Irish gardening columnist and flower farmer, advocates for “decolonizing” gardens by highlighting Ireland’s historic and heritage plants in her writing and the plants she grows for local florists. Cara Loriz of Port Townsend, Washington, Ira Wallace of Mineral, Virginia, and Rowen White of Nevada County, California, and are all working to protect organically grown, native plants and heirloom seeds in their respective regions by educating and working with seed stewards. White, a Mohawk woman, is involved in the Indigenous Seed Keepers Network, an intertribal group that focuses on preserving seeds that are important to Indigenous peoples. Wallace, of African descent, runs the Southern Exposure Seed Exchange and co-founded the Heritage Harvest Festival at Monticello, Thomas Jefferson’s restored home in Charlottesville, Virginia. The festival is a “celebration of Jefferson’s legacy and the contributions to American cuisine by enslaved workers, while promoting gardening, sustainability, local food and the preservation of heritage plants.” Other women are working to increase access to gardens and gardening for a range of urban dwellers. One example is Yolanda Burrell, who founded Pollinate Farm and Garden in Oakland to promote urban agriculture. Her edible plant nursery and urban homestead emporium provide supplies, resources and educational programs on urban farming topics such as growing edible landscapes, raising backyard chickens, beekeeping and food preserving. Working from a different perspective, Eliza Blank of NYC founded The Sill, an indoor plant business, in order to “revolutionize the way city-dwellers, especially younger ones, can find, buy, be successful with, and enrich their lives with a diversity of long-lived indoor foliage plants.” Other efforts to introduce young people to gardening include Ava Bynum’s Hudson Valley Seed education program, which works with local public schools in New York to build gardens for students to grow and harvest food. In Maine, Severine von Tscharner Fleming founded a group called The Greenhorns with the mission of “recruiting, promoting and supporting the rising generation of new farmers in America.” I could go on, but my word count requires me to only mention briefly that other women in Jewell’s book are helping to increase access to gardens and gardening through their work in horticultural therapy, and through their research, their art, and their advocacy roles in public forums. I have been inspired by reading “The Earth in Her Hands.” I think we all need to feel like we’re a part of a larger community, and this is certainly harder today than ever before. I’m uplifted by the number of women who are doing innovative, important work in many horticulture-related fields. As Jewell observes, “Their work illustrates how the many challenges of our world can be met through cultivating an interdependence with plants.” Do you know a woman who is working in some way to increase access to gardens and gardening? If so, I’d love to hear from you for upcoming columns featuring women’s work in the world of plants. Rhonda Nowak is a Rogue Valley gardener, teacher and writer. Email her at firstname.lastname@example.org. For more about gardening, check out her podcasts and videos at https://mailtribune.com/podcasts/the-literary-gardener. My gardening work this week We’re harvesting huckleberries in Bandon. We’ll make huckleberry jam and freeze the rest. I’m adding compost to my raised beds to enrich the soil for fall/winter crops. I’ve sown seeds for overwintering broccoli and cauliflower, as well as spinach, lettuce, Swiss chard, peas and beets for fall crops. I’m planting fava beans as a cover crop in my tomato bed. Legumes are great for replenishing nitrogen in the soil that tomato crops deplete.

<urn:uuid:e3db186c-379e-4606-93b8-7894a6fd5011>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.mailtribune.com/home-and-garden/2021/09/05/celebrating-womens-work-in-the-world-of-plants/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00488.warc.gz

en

Most good nurseries are all about developing a child’s social engagement and have plenty of activities centered around early years learning skills. Wimbledon Day Nursery is one of the leading day nurseries in Wimbledon. Choose the best amongst Wimbledon nurseries for your child’s key early years. Wimbledon Day Nursery is consistently rated as one of the most outstanding nurseries in Wimbledon. Basic manners for children Learning basic manners is a key element for all children in the nursery setting. Children have to learn to be polite and considerate to one another and to also be courteous to and respect the adults who are in charge of them. A huge amount of a child learning manners is based upon example. If children see adults not saying please and thank you and not being polite to one another then this is what they will copy. Conversely, if children are led by example then this is a huge addition to what they are learning in structured play sessions. What role do activities play in teaching children about manners and respect? Stories allow children to not only develop their vocabulary but also to learn about human relationships, both good and bad. Puppet shows are a more visual example of the same thing. Children can explore relationships using puppetry as the medium and they can create their own stories and puppet shows using pure imagination. What role do pets play in early years development? Pets have a huge part to play in a child’s development. Pets teach children to be aware of the needs of someone other than themselves. Pets don’t judge, they view all children as the same so children who are struggling with learning, physical or emotional issues will especially benefit from the influence of quiet animals. Pets teach children the importance of the wider world and nature. They sow the seeds of a broader environmental awareness particularly if the nursery is able to access more exotic species. Choose one of the most outstanding nurseries in Wimbledon. Wimbledon Day Nursery is one of the premier day nurseries in Wimbledon with a long history of providing children with the best early start in life. Pick the best amongst Wimbledon nurseries for your child.

<urn:uuid:c7914475-fb3e-452e-8a55-1a14715e7576>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.wimbledondaynursery.co.uk/blog/2022/05/22/supporting-relationships-puppets-books-pets/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00488.warc.gz

en

ITALY, Rome FAO has chosen the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics as a designated reference centre to expand its access to state-of the-art technology in combating dangerous viral infections, including avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease, in farm animals and wildlife. Working closely with FAO, SIB experts have developed tools to improve early detection and fast alert systems to prevent and respond to transboundary disease emergencies in poultry or livestock. SIB specialises in bioinformatics, a relatively new science which employs computer technology to study biological data. Scientists use bioinformatics to gather, process and analyse information on the genomes of pathogens – the genetic material peculiar to specific micro-organisms, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi that cause diseases in their hosts. This lets them compare genomes, understand protein structures, and identify how diseases work at the molecular level. Such information enables scientists to develop new drugs and targeted treatments as well as improve the effectiveness of existing medicines. The new technologies play an important role in understanding the nature and dynamics of biological threats, and FAO, in collaboration with SIB, has developed online e-learning courses on bioinformatics in viral pathogens that can help laboratory technicians, physicians, veterinarians and researchers around the world improve their work while increasing access to this emerging field of competence. SIB's database feeds information into FAO's Global Animal Disease Information System (EMPRES-i), the web-based application that supports veterinary services access regional and global disease information. In particular SIB's databases on OpenFlu – already linked to EMPRES-i and combining virological and epidemiological information – and OpenFMD, provide resources on influenza and foot-and-mouth viruses respectively. This will help scientists in developing countries contribute directly to the global knowledge base on these diseases and properly assess the risk posed to their countries. Future joint initiatives include a genetic module for Rift Valley fever – a viral disease that is potentially devastating to livestock and can also be transmitted to humans – peste des petits ruminants, and African swine fever.

<urn:uuid:638fec38-518e-4e77-a1f2-cc12d2081a4d>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://english.fleischwirtschaft.de/economy/news/Crunching-genomes-to-boost-animal-health-23529

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

Wanda is a Forth-like, "concatenative" programming language that's arguably not concatenative at all, nor even "stack-based", because it's based on a string-rewriting semantics. The remainder of this document will describe the language and will attempt to justify the above statement. -> Tests for functionality "Run Wanda program" A Wanda program is a string of symbols. Each symbol consists of one or more non-whitespace characters. In the string, symbols are separated by whitespace. Here is a legal Wanda program. (The ===> is not part of the program; it only shows the expected result of running it.) $ 2 3 + 4 * ===> 20 $ Evaluation happens by successively rewriting parts of this string of symbols. For example, in the above, $ 2is rewritten into $ 3is then rewritten into 2 3 $ +is then rewritten into $ 4is then rewritten into 5 4 $ *is rewritten into Rewrites occur when parts of the string match the pattern of one of the rewrite rules in effect. For instance, the rule for + has the pattern X Y $ +, where X and Y will match any integer symbols; the part of the string that matches this pattern is replaced by a single integer symbol which is the sum of X and Y, followed by a You can think of $ as a symbol that delineates the stack (on the left) from the program (on the right). When constants are encountered in the program, they are pushed onto the stack. But if you do think of it this way, bear in mind that it is only a convenient illusion. For, despite looking like and evaluating like a Forth program, there is no "stack" that is distinct from the program — it's all just a string that gets rewritten. 2 is neither an element on the stack, nor an instruction that pushes the value 2 onto the stack; it's just Indeed, observe that, if no patterns match anywhere in the string, the expression remains unchanged and evaluation terminates: 2 $ + ===> 2 $ + Some other builtins *, which are built-in functions (or rules). There are a handful of other built-in functions (or rules). $ 7 sgn 0 sgn -14 sgn ===> 1 0 -1 $ 5 4 $ pop ===> 5 $ 4 $ dup ===> 4 4 $ Wanda supports a special form for defining functions, which is very similar to ; block. The main difference is that there is a inside it, which you can think of as a way to making it explicit where the function naming ends and the function definition begins. 4 10 $ : $ perim -> $ + 2 * ; perim ===> 28 $ You can in fact think of this special form as something that gets rewritten into nothingness (a zero-length string) and which introduces a new rule as a side effect. The new rule matches the function naming (in this case and replaces it with its definition (in this case $ + 2 *), like so: 4 10 $ + 2 * (And then evaluation continues as usual to obtain the final result.) Some things to note: This special form only gets rewritten when it appears immediately to the right of a : $ foo -> $ ; $ 1 2 + ===> : $ foo -> $ ; 3 $ So, you can think of this special form as something that is "executed" in the same way the builtins we've described above are. Rules defined this way are applied in the order in which they were defined. You can think of this as functions being redefined. $ : $ ten -> $ 10 ; ten : $ ten -> $ 11 ; ten ===> 10 11 $ We can define functions for some common operations seen in other Forth-like languages, by deriving them from the built-in operations. $ : $ abs -> $ dup sgn * ; 7 abs 0 abs -14 abs ===> 7 0 14 $ $ : $ abs -> $ dup sgn * ; : $ not -> $ sgn abs 1 - abs ; 0 not 1 not -1 not 999 not -999 not ===> 1 0 0 0 0 $ $ : $ abs -> $ dup sgn * ; : $ not -> $ sgn abs 1 - abs ; : $ eq? -> $ - not ; 14 14 eq? 9 8 eq? -100 100 eq? ===> 1 0 0 $ $ : $ abs -> $ dup sgn * ; : $ not -> $ sgn abs 1 - abs ; : $ eq? -> $ - not ; : $ gt? -> $ - sgn 1 eq? ; 5 4 gt? 5 5 gt? 5 6 gt? ===> 1 0 0 $ If we include the name of the function in its own definition, recursion ought to happen. And indeed, it does. For example if we said : $ fact -> $ dup 1 - fact * ; 3 $ fact would rewrite to 3 $ dup 1 - fact * which is fine, the next fact will get rewritten the same way in due course, all fine except for the troublesome matter of it never terminating because we haven't given a base case. Viewing the trace of execution for the first few steps makes this clear: -> Tests for functionality "Trace Wanda program" 3 $ : $ fact -> $ dup 1 - fact * ; fact ===> 3 $ fact ===> 3 $ dup 1 - fact * ===> 3 3 $ 1 - fact * ===> 3 3 1 $ - fact * ===> 3 2 $ fact * ===> 3 2 $ dup 1 - fact * * ===> 3 2 2 $ 1 - fact * * ===> 3 2 2 1 $ - fact * * ===> 3 2 1 $ fact * * ===> 3 2 1 $ dup 1 - fact * * * ===> 3 2 1 1 $ 1 - fact * * * ===> 3 2 1 1 1 $ - fact * * * ===> 3 2 1 0 $ fact * * * ===> 3 2 1 0 $ dup 1 - fact * * * * ===> 3 2 1 0 0 $ 1 - fact * * * * -> Tests for functionality "Run Wanda program" What would be great would be some way for 0 fact to be immediately rewritten 1 instead of recursing. Well, this is what the extra -> is for in a ; block — so that we can specify both the pattern and the replacement. So, if we say : 0 $ fact -> $ 1 ; we have defined a rule which matches 0 $ fact and replaces it with (which will immediately be rewritten to 1 $). Thus the recursion will $ : 0 $ fact -> $ 1 ; : $ fact -> $ dup 1 - fact * ; 5 fact ===> 120 $ At first blush it may seem like the order of rule application matters in the above, but in fact it does not: $ : $ fact -> $ dup 1 - fact * ; : 0 $ fact -> $ 1 ; 5 fact ===> 120 $ This is because the string is searched left-to-right for the first match, and if the string contains 0 fact, this will always match a pattern of 0 fact before we're even in a position to check the parts of the string to the right of the 0 that would match the pattern We can ask ourselves: if we stop here, what kinds of things can we compute with what we have so far? Well, we have a first-in-first-out stack discipline, and it's well-known that if you have a strict stack discipline you have a push-down automaton, not a Turing machine. If we had unbounded integers, and a division operation or swap, we might be able to make a 1- or 2-counter Minsky machine. But we don't have those operations, and I haven't said anything about the boundedness of And anyway, that all assumes this is a traditional stack-based language, which it's not! It's a string-rewriting language, and it naturally has access to the deep parts of the stack, because it goes and looks for patterns in them. In fact, from this viewpoint, the language looks a lot like a deterministic version of Thue. Every time we define a function like : $ not -> $ sgn abs 1 - abs ; it's not unlike defining a rule in Thue like And Thue is Turing-complete, and the additional determinism isn't an impediment to what it can compute — a program which is written to accomodate an unspecified rewriting order (as Thue programs generally are) can be written to work the same way when the order is specified and fixed. So, if we were to leave the language as it is so far, we could conclude it's Turing-complete. Which is great, but also somewhat unsatisfying. I'd like for Wanda to be more than just a Thue-in-Forth's-clothing. So to make it more interesting, let's intentionally restrict the language so that we can't easily map programs to Thue programs. We could say we have unbounded integers, but I don't think that helps (at least not without some other twist(s) that I don't see offhand) because you can just embed a finite alphabet a la Thue in your unbounded alphabet of integers. But what if we place restrictions on the function definitions? Specifically, let's say every rewrite rule must contain exactly one on the left and exactly one $ on the right. This might seem to do the trick: you can now rewrite the string in only one place: around the leftmost $. That's a pretty big impediment. Concretely, let's say that if you actually violate this constraint when defining a function, the Wanda implementation may flag up some kind of warning, but at any rate, it will erase the special form, but it not introduce any new rules. $ : $ ten -> 10 ; ten ===> $ ten $ : ten -> $ 10 ; ten ===> $ ten $ : ten -> 10 ; ten ===> $ ten $ : $ $ ten -> $ 10 ; ten ===> $ ten $ : $ ten -> $ $ 10 ; ten ===> $ ten But this isn't quite enough, because you can add rules that move the around in the string. If you want to rewrite some other part of the string, you can just add some rules that move the $ there first. So we'll make the restriction even stronger: on the right-hand side (but not necessarily the left-hand side), the single $ must always appear as the leftmost symbol. $ : $ ten -> dix $ ; ten ===> $ ten $ : 10 $ ten -> $ dix ; 10 ten ===> $ dix Anyway, the point is, this prevents us from ever writing a rule that moves $ to the right. And so this prevents us from arbitrarily moving the $ around, which prevents us from being able to rewrite arbitrary parts of the string, which prevents it being Turing-complete in the way Thue is. But it continues to be able to express all the functions we've shown so far. But what of the built-in functions? It's true that they allow us to move some information from the right of the $ in the string to the left. $ 10, for example, rewrites to 10 $. But each of these can only move a bounded amount of information, and this prevents us from getting to arbitrary parts of the string and rewriting them. In fact, I think that this limits the kinds of rewrites that can be undertaken in exactly the same way a strict stack discipline does, i.e. it can only compute what a push-down automaton can compute. But I have not got a proof of that. It may turn out, in fact, that even with these restrictions, the language is Turing-complete, due to something I've missed. So, I'll hedge a bit, and I'll describe the feature that will be added in the next section like so: it makes Wanda Turing-complete, even if the language we've described so far already is. Let's introduce some built-in rules that allow us to manipulate values at the left end of the string, i.e. deep in the "stack". In fact, since we're imagining part of this string is a "stack" anyway, we might as well go further and imagine it's a body of water. To store a value on the left end of the string, what we'll do is "tie a weight" to it and let it "sink" to the bottom. We should make "the bottom" explicit, as well. It will be the ) 1 2 3 4 5 $ 99 sink ===> ) 99 1 2 3 4 5 $ It might be illustrative to show the trace of this. -> Tests for functionality "Trace Wanda program" ) 1 2 3 4 5 $ 99 sink ===> ) 1 2 3 4 $ 99 sink 5 ===> ) 1 2 3 $ 99 sink 4 5 ===> ) 1 2 $ 99 sink 3 4 5 ===> ) 1 $ 99 sink 2 3 4 5 ===> ) $ 99 sink 1 2 3 4 5 ===> ) $ 99 1 2 3 4 5 ===> ) 99 $ 1 2 3 4 5 ===> ) 99 1 $ 2 3 4 5 ===> ) 99 1 2 $ 3 4 5 ===> ) 99 1 2 3 $ 4 5 ===> ) 99 1 2 3 4 $ 5 ===> ) 99 1 2 3 4 5 $ Note that after the value has "sunk", the $ will "bubble up" all by itself, assuming the values on the stack are integers. It should now be straightforward to construct a Tag system in Wanda, by matching patterns at the top (i.e. at the right edge of the string), and, upon a successful match, "sinking" new values to the bottom (the left edge of string). And because Tag systems are Turing-complete and Wanda can simulate any Tag system, Wanda is Turing-complete. Wanda was originally conceived in 2009 (I distinctly remember implementing the idea, in Haskell, on a laptop in a laundromat in Seattle), but it wasn't as developed as what you see here; the idea that a Forth-like language could be defined using string-rewriting semantics was there, but it didn't really carry through with it. There are probably several reasons for this. One is that I thought it should have a right-to-left rewriting order. I don't remember my reason for that (if I actually had one). It did not have the distinguished $ symbol, so this would have resulted in an odd (or at least unintuitive) order of evaluation, and I never really worked out the full implications of that. Another is that, the way I was implementing it in Haskell, it would have been most natural to describe the reduction function with an infinite type. Discovering that Haskell did not support that "out of the box" was somewhat discouraging. Now, of course, I realize that you can fake that sort of thing with Haskell's newtype, but at the time it wasn't obvious. Did it also seem like already-explored territory to me? Perhaps; it feels like I felt that way at some point. I don't think I had encountered Enchilada back then (I don't think I had even heard of "concatenative" languages at that time), but a year or two later, when I did learn there was already a stack-based rewriting-based language out there, it may have discouraged me further. But Enchilada is really not all that similar to Wanda, and the idea and the desire to turn Wanda into a real (toy) language never really went away. So here we are. There may be more features that might be productively added to the language, if we wanted more from it than just showing that it's Turing-complete. One logical extension would be, since we are able to sink values to the bottom of the stack, also be able to float them up from the bottom again. This would let the bottom of the stack be usable as a temporary storage area, rather than just as a way to use the string as a queue. Another thing that seems attractive is the possibility for creating new rules that are not written statically in the initial program. (And possibly retracting existing rules too, but this seems less exciting.) But I haven't worked out a way to do this yet that I really like. Feb 27, 2019 git clone https://git.catseye.tc/Wanda/ - Merge pull request #1 from catseye/develop-2019-1 Chris Pressey (commit: GitHub) 3 years ago - Add a demo of running wanda.lua under Fengari in a web page. Chris Pressey 3 years ago - Tiny edits. Chris Pressey 3 years ago - It is v important that you date/locate documents such as this one Chris Pressey 3 years ago - Make driver script work also if not run from a symlink. Chris Pressey 3 years ago - A couple of small edits to History and Further Work. Chris Pressey 3 years ago - Encapsulate implementation's test parameters in an appliance. Chris Pressey 3 years ago - Add wrapper script for running the reference interpreter. Chris Pressey 3 years ago - Fix multiple typos. Chris Pressey 3 years ago - Lots of tweaks. Link to Tag system. Overhaul the History section. Chris Pressey 3 years ago

<urn:uuid:f9b5a0e3-217a-4ad4-8b03-1fd8fab20895>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://git.catseye.tc/Wanda/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

Digital transformation in education is here, and here to stay. The central role that technology plays in our lives, and will continue to play, cannot be ignored, and must not be ignored if education providers are to maximise modern-day opportunities and prepare students as well as possible for their careers to follow. A key part of the ongoing digital transformation for education naturally focuses on e learning – meaning a system of learning conducted entirely via online means. Even for the most ardent of traditionalists, the popularity and growth of e learning is hard to ignore. Research conducted in December 2020 estimated the e learning market to be worth approximately $144 Billion in 2019, a figure that is expected to reach $374.3 billion by 2026, indicating an annual growth rate of just under 15%. While the long-lasting effects of COVID-19 are still to be seen, it is foreseeable that the movements towards e learning, facilitated by necessity, will in some manner evolve into the provision of e learning, facilitated by preference. Certainly, it is clear that e learning has many benefits for a particular sector of students. It overcomes geographical barriers and allows students from around the world to take part in the same course, at the same time, without them so much as leaving their house. E learning can also provide significant economic benefits, with educational institutions often having less overhead costs and students not needing to organise dedicated transport and accommodation. For students who require or desire to build their studies around other things, e learning also offers enhanced flexibility and the ability for personalized time management. With that said, the advantages of e learning are not without drawbacks, and these can be significant. The central role in education is to prepare our students for their future lives and careers, and an overdependency on e learning risks underplaying the importance of social interaction, physical activity and adapting to different kinds of learning styles. To allow for this, and create the optimal balanced solution, EHL has prioritized the creation of a virtual campus to oversee our e learning activities, and this has proved essential in our continuing efforts to provide the best hospitality education in the world for our students. There is often a tendency to want to reproduce virtually what we practice in a physical campus, which is further reinforced when we live in times of "physical" restrictions such as those resulting from the COVID-19 situation. However, with a bit of hindsight and especially by extracting ourselves from the current situation of restriction, it is important to be able to project the activities on a Virtual Campus as being additional to those that we could experience in real life. Indeed, if we can experience these situations in real life, we will always prefer to do it that way, so it is essential to open new possibilities that are not imaginable in real life. For example: "travel virtually in time" or "make a virtual trip around the world to discover customs and cultures. A Virtual Campus - delivering a complete learning experience Various definitions of a virtual campus exist, and it is worth being precise before defining the steps we have taken in creating it. In a broader sense, a virtual campus refers to an online learning location for students, primarily to access further information and educational programs. At EHL, we envision our virtual campus to augment the pedagogical and social experiences offered on brick-and-mortar campuses. A good example of this is the concept of time in education. The digitalization of education can mean, for instance, that classes or meetings can be held back to back, with only a click of the button separating one from another. In a sense this is simply more efficient, but in reality, the so-called physical limitation of having to move from one class to another creates time to breathe, to reflect and to analyze – all such important parts of the learning process. The EHL’s Virtual Campus therefore ensures that time is created between virtual demands to ensure the educational experience is the same as the physical environment, and students always have the opportunity to reflect and prepare accordingly. Perhaps the most important aspect that we wanted to ensure that our virtual campus promotes is that of connectivity for our students, both to other students and to EHL as a whole. We want our students to feel that, no matter where they are or what their circumstances are, they are a core part of our special university and feel the same bond to each other that students do on-site. With this thinking in mind, we aim at creating a virtual campus that replicates our physical campus – with the same buildings, the same walkways, and the same surroundings. Making a virtual campus like this is requires additional effort and investment but enabling students to feel connected like this is crucial part of our offering, and allows for effective and efficient transition between virtual and physical campuses, for those partaking in blended learning. Prioritizing students’ wellbeing As the leading hospitality school in the world, the wellbeing of our students is of paramount importance to our mission and day-to-day activities. It is right that we recognize that education is not only about curriculums and coursework but also about meeting new people, exchanging ideas, and making friends and associates that can last a lifetime. The benefits of e learning are clear, but it can result in feelings of isolation for certain types of students. This is something that most of us can relate to with the COVID-19 outbreak, which has forced many of us to isolate and limit our interaction with others. The importance of mental wellbeing, particularly for young people, has maybe never been so widely discussed and considered. A key part of mental wellbeing comes with social interaction and the feeling of part of a community, especially for students in intensive learning programs. While the social environment of on-site learning cannot be fully-replicated virtually, the EHL’s virtual campus strives to create plentiful opportunities for interaction and peer-to-peer engagement. Even the bars that we have on campus can be fully replicated virtually, for example, allowing students to catch up after class with a few ‘virtual’ drinks, discuss their studies and build new connections. Young people especially have been shown to really benefit from peer-to-peer engagement, and the importance of learning and growing alongside others is a crucial dynamic that a virtual campus has helped us to retain. When considering students’ wellbeing as being our first priority, it has been particularly vital to recognise the full scope of elements that go into this. In our case, we are proud to welcome students from all corners of the world and with their own, unique characters and learning preferences, and our virtual campus has enabled us to provide a platform that is flexible and can be tailored to our students’ unique needs. Whether they be more extroverted or introverted, for example, the virtual campus is be the ideal hub to suit both. Similarly, we need to recognize the role of professors and our staff in helping students’ wellbeing, and our virtual campus also creates a place for them to feel part of the community and offer tailored services to students, in a way that would not otherwise be possible. Maintaining our educational philosophy Each educational institution has its own unique philosophy, or attributes that are uniquely special and cannot be replicated elsewhere. This can sometimes be challenging to maintain with e learning, given the lack of physical presence and ‘feel’ for the place. In our case, for example, the EHL experience is grounded on excellence in service and so getting the feel for it across all educational outlets is important. Being a hospitality school, we also fully realize the benefit of having group sessions and being able to develop one’s skills in practical ways, not just theoretical. To overcome any potential drawbacks of e learning in replicating this feeling, a virtual campus shall allow educational institutions to maintain their uniqueness. At EHL, it means delivering outstanding education in a well-structured manner with the feel of our physical campuses in Lausanne, Passugg and Singapore. It also means creating a framework that ensures our online offerings are treated on the same level of importance as those in-person, and enables those undertaking such offerings to get a true feel of what it is like to be an EHL student. The benefits of e learning are clear for everyone to see, and the appeal of it to people of a multitude of backgrounds is understandable and should be encouraged. beyond carefully thinking about how best to provide the best e learning resources, education institutions should fully identify and embrace opportunities to replicate the physical attributes that their students usually experience on campus. The result? Students that are more fulfilled, engaged and prepared for their future careers.

<urn:uuid:a260fe61-f434-4d3c-86ab-adc9b0d32e64>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/why-building-virtual-campus

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

Video, Sep. 27, 2013: IPCC Lead Oceanographer Dishes on Ocean Acidification IPCC scientist Monika Rhein explains the state of the science on ocean acidification that will dissolve reefs. What is the history of oceanic pH? As stated by Monica Ryan in 2013, a physical oceanographer, a lead oceanographer of the IPCC whose main field of research is ocean processes. In the 2013 video cited in the previous text, Ms. Ryan decried ocean acidity that would dissolve reefs. Nine years after Monica’s video statement, and as the Pacific ocean pH purportedly dropped over this time interval, the Australian Institute of Marine Science reports the northern and central Great Barrier Reefs have recorded their highest amount of coral cover since the Australian Institute of Marine Science began monitoring 36 years ago. This report was published by the Good News Network on August 4, 2022, in an article titled Parts of the Great Barrier Reef Show Highest Coral Cover in 36 Years. Note: pH is the symbol for the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen ion concentration in gram atoms per liter, used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0 to 14, where less than 7 represents acidity, 7 neutrality, and more than 7 alkalinity. What has been happening with the atmospheric CO2 concentration over time? The trend over thousands of years shows a gradual decline in the concentration of atmospheric CO2. To be very clear on the atmospheric concentration of this life-giving gas, concentration varies drastically in a 24-hour time span due to daytime plant absorption of CO2. Sunlight plus CO2 spur photosynthesis, the natural process by which all plants and trees grow. What regulates the CO2 concentration in the oceans? The temperature of the water and the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. As the water becomes cooler, CO2 is expelled back into the atmosphere. What is the status of water temperature in 2022? According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Atlantic becomes ever warmer due to the clear air over North America and Europe while the Pacific ocean, particularly near China becomes cooler due to a high degree of airborne particles. Climate alarmists are forever in panic mode. Here is a little known fact about this marvelous earth on which we live: the complex atmospheric, geological, and hydrological forces of nature are immeasurably more influential on the weather and the climate than the sum of all human endeavors over thousands of years. One example is the natural regulation of CO2. A new study reports published on November 23, 2020, that increased vegetation growth during the recent decades, known as the “Greening Earth”, has a strong cooling effect on the land due to increased efficiency of heat and water vapor transfer to the atmosphere. Sleep soundly, Chicken Little. Nature and Nature’s God have everything under control.

<urn:uuid:d211f7b5-9833-4acb-9a60-57c45eef7a58>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://john-n-white.com/2022/08/06/climate-alarmism-is-no-substitute-for-good-information-the-oceans-are-not-acidic-and-the-coral-reefs-are-doing-well/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

In 1758 Kohaut entered the civil assistance acceeding to the positioning of secretary from the imperial chancery. He proceeded to go using the Emperor and Chancellor on journeys overseas as the secretary. During his moves, so that as a virtuoso lute participant, Kohaut became familiar and appreciative from the functions of Bach and Handel — the former’s cantatas as well as the latter’s oratorios. He was lauded for his facile capabilities for the lute. Actually Fetis announced the he was the most skilled lute participant ever which the music he made up for the lute was the very best for that kind of music. It had been not before twentieth century, nevertheless, that any unique notice was presented with to Kohaut’s string compositions.

<urn:uuid:dc5ebcba-5c09-484b-8849-5f577327aa4f>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://musicianbio.org/karl-ignatz-kohaut/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

How the cash should be shared will depend on the people and what they own. The women’s apparel industry within the United Kingdom is booming, and many businesses are placing money into it. While there may be a global disconnect between the western world and their interpretation of African fashion by means of the usage of tribal patterns, many designers have risen and made an impression on the high-finish vogue industry by placing a twist on their traditional African Garments. In Northeastern Africa, notably in Egypt, kinds of conventional girls’s clothes have been influenced by Middle Eastern cultures; this can be exemplified by the merely embroidered jelabiya which are similarly worn within the Gulf states. These types ranged from preppy to bohemian and urban to grunge, and have been primarily based on a rebellious approach to style. For example, many international locations in West Africa have a “distinct regional dress types that are the merchandise of long-standing textile crafts in weaving, dyeing, and printing”, however these traditions are still able to coexist with western types. For its diversity, no single type of dress is said as national gown, however slightly each group of individuals has a distinctive strategy to costume themselves. The Zuria, is a common conventional costume worn in Eritrea. All of these teams of individuals, share the widespread house of South Africa, have for themselves distinctive languages and culture . The arrival of the Khoisan people have been followed shortly after by teams of Bantu-talking folks, who, by means of the Bantu expansion, ended up with conflict and occupied the land of the Khoisan people, forcing them into dispersion and absorption into the Bantu-speaking community. Isishweshwe slowly blended itself to the style world of South African individuals, showing on clothes of working-class folks, rural girls and male soldiers. She took inspiration from South African sources from clothing of indigenous groups of people to artists similar to Barbara Tyrrell and Marlene Dumas. Each piece of clothing individuals select to placed on will be just because it is in their reach, or used as an expression of fashion as well as political, religious beliefs and perspective in life. Since Africa is such a big and diverse continent, conventional clothes differs throughout each nation. Within the Horn of Africa, the attire varies by nation. The expression of his id as a true South African individual spoke for the aggression in resistance and asking for one’s received management of one’s country. Colonization starting from the mid seventeenth century undoubtedly changed South Africa in all facets, and trend collectively all those adjustments was influenced heavily by the arrival of latest materials from Europe as well because the Eurocentric view concerning the body and clothes, perceiving that South African dressed like necked imposed adjustments on traditional trend of those ideginous teams of people. Bantu-speaking’s inhabitants in South Africa also result in the derivation of nowadays predominant groups of people in South Africa which are the Nguni speaking individuals includes four smaller groups (Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele). These folks have been divided into 2 groups which have been the San whose life depended closely on searching and gathering, and the Khoikoi who had been pastoral herders. The opposite groups of people in South Africa are the Sotho-Tswana peoples (Tswana, Pedi, and Sotho), whereas with the group of individuals in the north-eastern areas of current-day South Africa who’re Venda, Lemba, and Tsonga. Pieces comparable to head wraps and A-line skirt inspired by Xhosa individuals from the nineteenth century have been brought back on the runway. One of many earliest vestiges of South African attire was traced again to around 2000 years ago when Middle Paleolithic inhabitants’ descendants, the Khoisan, settled in Cape Peninsula within the south-western extremity of the African continent. As time handed there has been extra recognition for the event of art by means of the creation of fashion in international locations corresponding to Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, and South Africa. While in Nigeria, women wear head ties. The next yr, two society women in their 20s, sisters Adeline and Augusta Van Buren bought a pair of Indian Powerplus Motorcycles. Though girls did not engage in actual swimming, bathing was a preferred summer time exercise. The inspiration is open to all women entrepreneurs from a wide range of fields and has awarded previous grants to scientific inventors and bakers alike. Stores in these working areas carried out a wide variety of goods comparable to boots, coats, tweed jackets, waistcoats, shirts, braces, belts, hats, handkerchiefs, and pocket watches. “Founded in 2003, Revolve is a fashionable e-commerce fashion website that gives a variety of trendy manufacturers focused in direction of millennial girls. Conversion of the established and creating style homes has constructed worldwide respect for South Africa with the Fashion business, making South Africa’s Fashion Week a major vacation spot within the worldwide style takeover at the start of every spring/summer and fall/winter season. Data has been created with G SA Content Gen erator DEMO.

<urn:uuid:b7dc24e3-aab2-416f-a8ce-7dd23661966b>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://shodoshin.com/privacy-might-be-the-subsequent-big-thing/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

What is Bootstrap Bootstrap, or bootstrapping, is a verb that comes from the saying 'pull yourself up on your bootstraps'. The idiom means that a person is self-sufficient and does not need help from others. Similarly, in the computing world, bootstrapping describes a process that automatically loads and executes commands. The most basic form of bootstrapping is the startup process, which occurs when a computer starts up. In fact, like booting up a computer, the term 'boot' comes from the word bootstrap. When you turn on or restart a computer, it automatically loads a series of commands that initialize the system, scan for hardware, and load the operating system. This process does not require any user input and is therefore considered a bootstrap process. While bootstrapping is often associated with the system startup sequence, it can also be used by individual applications. For example, a program can automatically execute a series of commands when it is opened. These commands can process user settings, check for updates, and dynamic libraries such as: B. Load DLL files. They are considered bootstrap processes because they are automatically executed when the program starts.

<urn:uuid:422d43f4-aa10-4b0e-b61d-907266283b00>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.betriebswirtschaft-lernen.net/en/explanation/bootstrap/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

Very early tooth decay can often go unnoticed. Sometimes signs and symptoms of dental decay don’t present themselves immediately and often people will overlook any signs as the tooth decay progresses. So here are our top 4 early indicators for you to look out for: 1) Discolouration- white, grey or black spots. These could all indicate that tooth decay may be present. 2) Sensitivity- sensitivity to hot, cold and/or sweet things could all be an indicator of tooth decay. If you notice that there is one particular tooth or area that is sensitive and you don’t generally suffer from sensitive teeth, then this could be an indicator of tooth decay. 3) Bad Breath. The bacteria present in tooth decay can cause bad breath. If there is a hole (cavity) in the tooth then the smell could also be coming from food that is being trapped and is rotting. 4) Toothache or tenderness. This is usually the point that someone calls to book an appoinmrnt. Often people will wait until they experience toothache before realising that they have dental decay. By far the most simple and effective way of detecting early tooth decay is by visiting your dentist. The equipment used by our Leicester dentists will often detect tooth decay before any of the above signals appear and the tooth decay worsens. If your concerned you may have tooth decay then give us a call or email for advice… Dr Niket Patel and the Smile Essential Dental team are delighted to have been awarded Dental Phobia certification for another year. This year celebrates Dr Niket Patel having been Dental Phobia Certified for five years. Why should you choose a dental phobia certified dentist? Because it means that they have dedicated treatments and services especially to help nervous patients who fear coming to the dental practice. It also means that we have had to put forward written testimonials from our patients that we have helped overcome their dental phobia. At Smile Essential Dental Practice in Leicester, we have helped hundreds of patients with varying levels of dental phobia. Every person who comes through our door is unique and so is their fear of visiting a dentist. That’s why our first step is always a friendly open and honest chat. We listen to your fears and any specific reasons that make you feel nervous about your dental appointment. We have heard so many different fears including – the dental chair, a bad experience in the past, the school dentist, fear of injections, feelings of helplessness, the sound of metal, the feel of cotton wool and even the fish on the TV. We have also invested in The Wand which is a digital method of delivering anaesthetic which prevents the pain associated with traditional injections. It ensures anaesthesia is delivered in a pain-free manner. Find out more about visiting our dental practice as a nervous patient…

<urn:uuid:542b7eca-87dd-471b-a309-7939dd4c6118>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.smileessential.co.uk/blog/2020/09/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

About 2,000 miles off the coast of South America sits the Chile-governed Easter Island. Just 14 miles long and 7 miles wide, it was named by Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, who discovered it on Easter Sunday in 1722. Archaeologists and historians have debated the island's history, but it is believed that Polynesians landed on the island around A.D. 800 and depleted its resources until it was practically barren. What they left behind, however, remains one of the most captivating riddles of engineering: nearly 1,000 monolithic statues. The massive effigies, on average 13 feet tall and weighing 14 tons, are thought to represent ancestral chiefs raised to the level of gods. According to archaeologist Jo Anne Van Tilburg—who is the founder of UCLA's Easter Island Statue Project and has studied the artifacts for nearly 30 years—about 95 percent of the statues were carved in the volcanic cone known as Rano Raraku. Master carvers, who taught their craft over generations, roughed out the statues using stone tools called toki and employed sharp obsidian tools to make finer lines. The real mystery—how a small and isolated population managed to transport the megalithic structures to various ceremonial sites—has spawned decades of research and experiments. "It is amazing that an island society made of 10 to 12 chiefdoms had sufficient unity and ability to communicate carving standards, organize carving methods and achieve political rights of way ...to transport statues to every part of the island," Van Tilburg says.

<urn:uuid:58402822-cd7f-493f-bbaf-0ddd333065bb>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-statues-of-easter-island-11248888/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00488.warc.gz

en

MetadataShow full item record Bonhotal, Jean; Schwarz, Mary SUMMARY: Death of animals is a normal occurrence on farms and proper management of mortalities has important implications for nutrient management, herd health, public and environmental health. Catastrophic mortalities from natural or man-made disasters can have even greater implications. It is imperative that best management practices for proper disposal or processing of mortalities be understood and used. Through educational programs, networking, training and conferences, connections were made and best management practices were conveyed to farmers, butchers, students, agriculture educators and extension agents, as well as agricultural and health-related agencies. In 14 events over the past year, more than 550 agricultural and environmental consultants, regulatory personnel, educators, farmers and butchers received training and outreach materials to put into practice or pass along to their constituents. Additional assistance and information was disseminated to over 200 people through one-on-one meetings, phone and e-mail responses. Due to the programs CWMI has convened over the last year, livestock producers and agricultural regulators across the United States are adopting “better” best management practices for disposal and processing of mortalities and encouraging more to do the same. In doing so, infectious and contagious diseases are prevented and air, water and soil quality are protected. Cornell Waste Management Institute mortality management; composting mortalities

<urn:uuid:25b45319-76f6-40fd-9a04-35e27fa77614>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/47560

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00488.warc.gz

en

"For habitat classification purposes, surficial marine geology is a crucial variable together with e.g., depth, current, salinity and wave exposure. Marine geological mapping involves a range of hydro-acoustic and ground-truthing methods. However, the scope and scale of marine geological surveying is different from biological investigations. To overcome this inconsistency, a framework for reclassification of marine geological information to align with the requirements for habitat mapping has been developmed" Questions this practice may help answer - What kind of habitat classification can be used to analyse the human exploitation of natural sea resources? - How to harmonize the geological data with the EUNIS habit classifications? Habitat classification is an import tool for management of human exploitation of natural resources (fishing, oil, gas, wind power) and nature conservation (monitoring, protection, species distribution and location of marine reserves). A reliable benthic habitat classification requires data concerning hydrography (bathymetry, slope, wind exposure, currents), seabed characteristics (primary sediments, surficial substrates) and species distribution. Detailed seabed maps are one of the most important variables for describing the marine environment. New techniques has resulted in many descriptions of benthic habitats, but these descriptions can vary from one investigator to another, making it difficult to compare habitats and associated biological communities among geographic regions. However, a large effort to develop a European habitat classification standard has been made through EUNIS (European Nature Information System) The main structure in a marine habitat is provided by the type of substrate, which is one of the most important factors influencing species composition. Due to a different scope and scale of marine geological survey methodology, the substrate information cannot always be directly obtained from marine geological maps. Therefore a reclassification of surficial layers in the Marine geological map is needed to meet the requirements of habitat mapping. It is also desirable that the reclassification results in a product, which harmonises with common definitions of substrate information and habitat types. Aspects / Objectives Establish a classification system, enabling predictions of surficial substrates directly from the Marine geological map – in a mode were geological data and Swedish conditions harmonises with EUNIS habitat classification. - Biological analysis of geological field data - Compare predictions of surficial material with detailed video- and photo interpretations from Skagerrak, Kattegatt and the Baltic Sea. - Tested and modify individual predictions - Present ten categories of the seabed sediments in the Marine geological map. Main Outputs / Results The report shows the main results of the research, including maps and pictures in the annexes. The report concludes that the following issues were relevant in the research: Different scales: In this study focus has been on the substrate forming the habitat, rather than at the occurrence of animals and algae. The use of terms describing observed substrates as “complex” will therefore not be comparable with “habitat complexes” as they are defined in EUNIS (>25 m ), but they will still reflect which surficial substrates we can expect to find on top of the different defined marine sediment classes. Ambiguos definitions: Apart from definitions of grain size, organic content, sediment mixtures, substrate mobility, exposure and energy levels – are physical characteristics only mentioned briefly in EUNIS. The definitions of these physical factors are however sometimes ambiguously termed, hard to find or just missing. Different use of substrates and biota in EUNIS hierarichal key: The degree of importance of each habitat-structuring factor varies for different communities, but substratum and the vertical zonation of species appears to play a highly significant role in all communities Approximations: Important to remember is that the photo interpretations and SGU:s marine geological maps (based on samples along transects 1-13 km from each other) - are approximations. The main problem in this study has been to bring together data sampled with different techniques at different scales. - Previous conclusions have led to the following recommendations: - Increased number of samples from each marine geological seabed sediment category - Samples should be chosen at random from specific depth interval, since the vertical depth gradient affects the mobility of substrates and the possibility to find certain biological communities (due to light penetration and feeding behaviour). Knowledge of depth is also important since the effect of wind exposure decreases with increasing depth - More details should be implemented at level 1-3 in EUNIS habitat classification, dealing with classification of surficial substrates in relation to depth, current, wave exposure and slope - Detailed systematic tables with clear definitions (turn to experts from different scientific fields) should be incorporate into EUNIS, in order to investigate detailed aspects of physical characters and define standard terms – which also will simplify interdisciplinary mapping and data exchange - To be able to estimate the mobility of substrates using modelling methods and 3D-visualization, it is necessary with detailed data of surficial substrates, depth, slope, wave exposure, current and biological communities - In order to to meet the requirements of EU habitats directive (92/43/EEG), the Water framework directive (2000/60/EC) and commercial interest as wind power – scientist are in urgent need of bathymetric data! These data should be used for creating basic maps of seabed topography and substrates before planning any mapping projects - Bathymetric data is also needed in order to identify seascapes (underwater landscapes as EUNIS habitat complexes) as estuaries and seamounts, which are defined by their physiographic features (Costello, web reference). - Extended use of photo material of the seabed and sampling during acoustic mapping (ground- truthing) The case study refers to specific sites in the Baltic Sea. However the harmonizing of national Marine geological data with the EUNIS habitat classification is relevant for all European countries. Therefore the findings and recommendations in this practice are relevant for other sea basins too. Costs / Funding Source The BALANCE project is part-financed by the EU BSR INTERREG IIIB Neighbourhood Programme and partly by the involved partners. The Swedish Geologocal Survey Telephone: +46 18 17 90 00

<urn:uuid:f444ce23-f6c3-4dd1-948f-0ec6e807ac07>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://maritime-spatial-planning.ec.europa.eu/practices/harmonizing-marine-geological-data-eunis-habitat-classification

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00488.warc.gz

en

INDIAN-ASEAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT A TERM PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (HONOURS SCHOOL) Supervisor :Submitted by: Dr. Rajesh KumarKumar Ranjan M. S. Sc. (Hons. ) 2nd Semester Roll No. 12 [pic] SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY AMRITSAR 2009 INTRODUCTION India and the association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have concluded negotiations for a free trade Agreement (FTA) after years of difficult negotiations. This agreement will be signed into a treaty at India-ASEAN summit to be held in Bangkok on February 26,2009 (Economic times, January 27, 2009) if every thing goes as planned. Expectation from India ASEAN FTA are high. Joint Media statement of Sixth ASEAM Economic Minister (AEM)-India consultations states that “the AIFTA (ASEAN-India free trade agreement) could be major avenue in harnessing the region’s vast economic potentials towards sustained progress and improved welfare not only for ASEAN and India but for greater East Asian regions as well”. The India-ASEAN FTA is the result of many international and domestic factors on one hand, the trend of international regionalization and the proliferation of FTA’s and the failure of the Doha round of Multilateral talks to yield concrete results led both India and the ASEAN countries to consider alternative solution towards free trade. On the other hand the adoption policies by India and ASEAN to develop better cooperation with their immediate neighbours in recent years has helped accelerate this negotiation. (www. e_pao. net) INDIA AND ASEAN: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Although India and ASEAN countries have shared cultural and historical ties, India’s interaction with ASEAN countries was quite limited during the cold war as the two pursued policies which were not very conducive to deep rooted interaction. Soon after the end of second world war, India championed the process of decolonization and drew recognition and appreciation from different parts of the world. It become one of the founding members of Non-aligned Movement (NAM). Even though Indonesia was also a member of NAM alongside India, this relationship did not extend beyond that (Sinha, 2007 pg. 357) The arrival of bipolar politics in southeast Asia, the Vietnam crisis and India’s close ties with the Soviet union led to the adoption of divergent policies by both India and ASEAN. ASEAN was formed in 1967 during the Vietnam war primarily to diffuse regional conflict and to promote better relations between members. Communists victory in Vietnam, Laos and combodia soon worsened the already fragile security situation of southeast Asia. Thus by 1976, ASEAN was forced to contemplate to become an association with security as its main concern. The reunification of veitnam and the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia created another security dilemma. Sinha, 2007 pg. 350). While ASEAN chastised Vietnam, India supported Vietnam. ASEAN’s suspicions of the soviet union and the paronoia it had with anything communist led many including India, to regard ASEAN as allies of the capitalists and pro-American bloc. Suspicions was so high during this time that refused to hold dialogues with ASEAN twice in 1975 and 1980. But with end of the cold war, interactions between India and ASEAN became more frequent: and relations between the two began to improve at very fast pace. Following the end of cold war and collapse of soviet union, India began to adopt liberalization policies. Mean while, ASEAN has also emerged as an important regional organization with great potential and opportunities for growth. The transformation of the international system and new outlook led to the adoption of the Look East policy in 1991, it marked a strategic shift in its foreign policy and perceptions towards its eastern neighbours. ASEAN’s strategic importance in the larger Asia-Pacific region and the potentials it has in becoming India’s major partner in trade and investment also added an impetus to India to develop closer ties with it. In addition, considering the proposed South Asian Free Tade Area (SAFTA) is unlikely to produce any solid outcome, this policy shift and agreement on the part of India is a strategic s it is important. In continuance of India’s Look East policy, the process of interregional cooperation was institutionalized with India becoming a sectoral Dialogue partner of ASEAN in 1992; a full dialogue partner in 1995 and member of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 1996. India because a summit level partner of ASEAN in 2002 and concluded the ASEAN-India partnership for peace, progress and shared prosperity in 2004. India also became enganged in regional initiatives such as Mekong-guga cooperation (MGC) and Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic cooperation (BIMSTEC). India has also became member of EAST Asia Summit (EAS) in December, 2005, (Chakraborti, World Focus, 2008, 436). INDIA’S LOOK BEST, ASEAN LOOK WEST POLICIES The real turning point in India-ASEAN relations came with economic liberalization in 1991, the end of the cold war and enunciation of India’s “Look East” policy by Prime Minister PV Narsimha Rao. As publication of Indian ministry of external affairs observed. “There was confluence of nterests. A new world order, the economic Reforms in India along with its “Look East” policy, coincided with ASEAN’s “Look West” and regionalization drive. (Baru, February 2001 pg. 13. ) Under the “Look East” policy pursued increased trade and investment cooperation with South Korea and Singapore. Apart from extending India’s enduring relation with Vietnam, the policy also pursued greater economic relations with Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. India became a ‘Sectoral Dialogue Partner’ of ASEAN at the ASEAN’s Singapore, summit in 1992, and a ‘Full Dialogue partner’ of ASEAN at the Bangkok Summit in 1995. In February 1995 the ASEAN-Indian Business council was set up. India was invited to the meeting of ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in July, 1996. At this it was decided that ARF would only admit as participants countries that have a direct influence on the peace and security of East Asia and pacific region. (Baru, 2001; pg 13). A key objective of India and ASEAN to move from derivative to direct relationship so that there are no distortions, no misperception, no ignorance and no intermediation. There has been doubling of trade between India and ASEAN countries in 1990s and a marked increased in joint ventures and foreign direct investment between the two. Section VI and VII provide a comprehensive account of India-ASEAN trade and investment relation. Suffice it to say that ASEAN has emerged as the third largest foreign investor in India’s after US and EU. There are two dimensions of India’s new relationship with ASEAN. First, the trade and investment dimensions; second, the foreign policy and strategic dimension. Neither of these relations has equal value to all the ASEAN countries clearly, India’s economic relations with some are more developed than with others. Similarly India’s political and strategic relation with some are more developed than with others. Suffice it to say that in no case is the relationship purely undimensional (Baru, 2001, pg 14) DEEPENING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIA AND ASEAN The deepening of relationship between India and ASEAN is reflected in the buoyancy of trade figures between the two. During April-September 2007-2008, trade grew from US$ 15. 06 billion to US$ 17. 2 billion that is trade grew by 13 percent. India foreign trade with ASEAN, according to directorate General of commercial intelligence and statistics (DGCIS), is also on the rise. During the period 2005-06 to 2006-07 India’s export to ASEAN registered a growth rate of 20. 67 percent. Similarly India’s imports from ASEAN during the same period registered a growth rate of 66% India ASEAN trade stoo at US$ 38. 37 billion in 2007-08 and is projected to reach US$ 48 billion during 2008-09 (Economics times, Jan 10). At the first India-ASEAN summit held at Phnom Penh on November 5, 2001. India called for an India-ASEAN within a 10 year time frame. In this context the second India-ASEAN summit held at Bali on October 8, 2003 was significant landmark in India-ASEAN relations. The summit saw the signing of the framework agreement for comprehensive economic cooperation between India and ASEAN. This agreement envisaged the establishment of an FTA within a period of ten years. In March 2004, an ASEAN-India Trade Negotiation committee (Al-TNC) was established to Negotiate the implementation of the provisions of the framework agreement. India, since than entered into numerous agreement with ASEAN. (Sharma, Third concept vol 21, pg 9,10) At the Sixth India- ASEAN summit held at Singapore on November last year, India proposed to increase its bilateral trade with ASEAN to the time of US$ 50 billion by the year 2010. The latest agreement is therefore the result of many years of tactfull policies that led to the thawing of the ice between these two important emerging power in Asia. In addition to these agreements with ASEAN, India has also made consistent efforts to develop bilateral ties with ASEAN members. With Thailand, India has 61 years of diplomatic relation. India also has free trade agreement with Thailand that was signed in 2004. The framework agreement on bilaterals FTA of 2003 was the basis of this FTA with Thailand. Trade b/w the two increased from a mere US $ 606 million to US$ 3. 14 billion in 2006-07. With the CLV countries Cambodia, Laso and Vietnam, India entered into a number of bilateral agreements for cooperation in the fields of trade, science and technology, agriculture, defence, visa exemption, tourism, IT and culture. India has major projects I in the projects in the field of education entrepreneurship development and IT in these three countries. In 2004, India extended a credit line of US$ 27 million to Vietnam. Malaysia is a major source of foreign direct investment (FDI) for India, particularly in the areas of LPG, power plant and highway construction. Trade between the two rose from US$ 2. 2 billion in 2002-03 to US$ 6. 6 billion in 2006-07. India public sector undertaking such as BHEL and IRCON have also undertaken and completed a number of projects in Malaysia (www. _pao. net). Presently after India-ASEAN FTA negotiations, it is reported that about 150 Indian Engineering firms are eying to diversify their export base in ASEAN markets and are planning to make Malaysia the Regional hub to penetrate the region. Many of these companies are exploring the possibilities of joint ventures, technology transfer and investment opportunities. It was mainly because of the insistence of Indonesia that India became a part of the East Asia summit in 2005. Relations between the two had been very good for many years. Bilateral trade between the two increased by 44% from 2005-06 to 2006-07. India has a comprehensive Economic cooperation agreement (CECA) with Singapore since 2005. This agreement include bilateral investment promotion treaty. Double taxation avoidance agreement, an air service agreement and an FTA. Singapore, along with Indonesia had been an important factor for India’s inclusion into the East Asian summit. In addition, it was Singapore’s role that paved the way for India’s association with the ARF. Singapore is the biggest source of FDI for India among ASEAN countries. During the period 2000to 2008, the cumulative FDI of Singapore into India was worth a whooping US $ 4. 35 billion. Concurrently, over two thousand Indian companies were based in Singapore (www. e_pao. net) India also has plans for a free trade area with Brunie, Indonesia and Malaysia by 2011 and with the remaining ASEAN countries by 2016. Since 1995, India have actively engaged Myanmar in Trade. It has singed several agreements and MOU’s including Tripartite Maritime Agreement with Myanmar and Thailand, border trade Agreement and for cooperation between civilian uthorities between India and Myanmar. Since 2000, a number of high level visits have taken place. During these visits, several agreements and MOU’s have been signed in areas ranging from hydroelectric projects on the Chindwin River and IT cooperation to cultural exchange programs. In year 2003 alone, Seven Agreements/ MOU’s were signed to promote trade and communication facilities. By 2006-07 bilateral trade between India and Myanmar reached US$ 650 Million as compared to US$ 341. 40 million in 2004-05 (www. e_pao. net). RECENTLY CONCLUDED FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIA AND ASEAN India is in process of signing a free trade agreement (FTA) with ASEAN. On 28 August 2008, India ASEAN concluded a trade in goods agreement which will operationalize the FTA in merchandize trade. They will formally signing this TIG agreement in ASEAN-Indian Summit now to be held on 26 Feb 2009. (Economic times, 27 Jan 2009). When India and ASEAN Kicked off Negotiation on the bilateral FTA in 2002, they were supposed to finalise a comprehensive agreement that covers goods, service and investment. However, regional grouping prevailed in India to conclude talks on goods, first and than move on to service and Investment. However signing of TIG Agreement was delayed as the negotiation got stuck a few times due to difference between parties on the coverage of the negative list. In free trade agreement countries are allowed to keep a small number of products out of coverage of the agreement. The issue of the negative list or the list of items that would be excluded from proposed FTA agreement had at one stage brought negotiations to a stands till. The items on the list would have limited or no tariff concession. Indian negotiaters were cautious as there were apprehensions that the ASEAN countries are more competitive in sectors like agriculture, textile, auto and auto components and electronics. India would face negative consequence unless sensitive items in these sectors are protected India submitted a list of aground 1414 products as a negative list. These products counted for 42% of total exports of ASEAN to India. But as the Negotiations from ASEAN insisted that the products include in the FTA, should cover at least 90% of exports to India, a pruning of negative list was done by Rao, Inderjit Singh, (India’s Deputy Minister for Defence). He reduced the number of items to be placed on a negative list from 1414 to 850 on 27 July 2006. In August 2006 These items were further reduced to 560 items. At the end it was decided that each signatory country of INDO-ASEAN FTA can have at most 489 products in its negative list provided that these products do not exceed more than 5% of total bilateral imports. India’s negative list includes 302 agriculture items, 81 items from textile and clothing, 52 items from machinery and auto and 32 items from chemicals and fertilizer plastics. There are 22 other items from various other sectors which are also part of negative list (Thakurta, South Asian Journal, 2007, 107-108). It has been decided in Negotiation that for products which are not in negative list duties will be reduced in phased manger starting from 2009 and the duty cut will be completed by 2018. Under the pact, India and ASEAN will eliminate import duties on 71% products by December 31, 2012 and another 9% by 2015. Duties on 8-10% products that have been kept in the sensitive list will also be brought down to 5%. For all product in non negative list duty will be reduced to zero by 2018. India has also identified 611 products, which will only get a partial duty cut. Among these products India has put five products on highly sensitive list. They are Tea, Coffee, pepper, palm oil and refined palm oil (The Economic Challenger, 2008). India stances during the negotiations indicates some what defensive position in goods sector. This is not surprising because India runs a fairly large trade deficits vis-a-vis ASEAN. Acc to data of Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) published by IMF, India had a trade deficit of $ 14,562 million in 2007 with ASEAN. This is around 15% of India’s total trade deficits. Fore individual ASEAN members, India Trade Pattern show that for the last 10 years (1998-2007) it has a trade deficit each year with Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Myanmar. India runs a trade surplus with other ASEAN member including Vietnam and Philippines (TABLE 1). Table 1: India’s Trade surplus/Deficits with ASEAN Member countries (in million $) |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 |2006 |2007 | |Brunei Daressalam |3. 05 |1. 73 |2. 63 |2. 90 |3. 72 |4. 22 |4. 31 |32. 64 |40. 34 |50. 07 | |Cambodia |2. 85 |6. 60 |6. 88 |2. 48 |16. 97 |18. 55 |17. 10 |21. 68 |24. 43 |30. 32 |Indonesia |-556. 28 |-635. 64 |-536. 55 |-717. 28 |-541. 06 |-883. 68 |-1160. 84 |-1492. 88 |-2450. 39 |-3975. 02 | |Laos |0. 98 |1. 35 |5. 00 |5. 52 |1. 84 |0. 59 |2. 00 |1. 59 |5. 68 |7. 05 | |Malaysia |-1137. 28 |-1504. 35 |-820. 68 |-1032. 57 |-627. 00 |-1044. 68 |-1206. 95 |-1231. 50 |-4429. 51 |-4599. 52 | |Myanmar |-151. 45 |-139. 05 |-131. 31 |-144. 76 |-274. 11 |-304. 77 |-295. 35 |-383. 30 |-473. 73 |-587. 90 | |Philippines |113. 80 |85. 83 |126. 53 |147. 41 |299. 41 |236. 62 |208. 86 |272. 87 |233. 00 |176. 98 | |Singapore |-754. 57 |-862. 95 |-655. 53 |-2001. 17 |-92. 87 |26. 29 |919. 87 |209. 5 |-4000. 42 |-5664. 81 | |Thailand |63. 60 |103. 33 |174. 60 |81. 65 |301. 66 |250. 02 |72. 60 |95. 74 |-513. 20 |-1035. 06 | |Vietnam |116. 70 |136. 25 |195. 85 |157. 36 |280. 97 |356. 22 |427. 08 |534. 92 |648. 69 |1035. 88 | |Overall trade deficits |-2298. 61 |-2806. 93 |-1632. 41 |-3498. 46 |-630. 45 |-1340. 29 |-1011. 32 |-244. 77 |-10915. 11 |-14562. 02 | | Source: – (EPW, 15 Nov 2008) However, overall trade balance is significantly negative. The concern is that if India has already such a huge trade deficit, reduction of tariff rates may worsen the situation unless there is a significant export boost. Among ASEAN members, India already has preferential trade agreement with Thailand Myanmar and Singapore. India, Myanmar and Thailand are part of the Bay of Bengal Institute for multi sectoral technical and economic cooperation (BIMSTEC) which is now knows as Bangladehs, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand economic cooperation (BIMSTEC) (Thakurata, South Asian Journal No. 16, pg 108). India also has a seprate FTA with Thailand. India and Singapore have signed a comprehensive Economic cooperation agreement (CECA) few years back. Though the terms and tariff reduction conditions of these agreements may be different from the present agreement but still it can be assumed that the marginal impact of Indo-ASEAN FTA will be less for these three ASEAN countries (i. e. Myanmar, Thailand and Singapore). Among other ASEAN members, India has significant trade with Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. Though the current volume of trade with Vietnam is low, Vietnam is one of the fastest growing countries in the world and trade potential between India and Vietnam is considered to be significant. Nityanand Deva, India’s look-East policy, www. indianmba. com/occasional_papers/ OP104/ OP104html. HOW TARIFF PROFILE EFFECTS FTA? Tariff reduction, especially of custom duties on imports of Agricultural commodities, is an extremely sensitive issue in India. Till India initiated economic reforms in 1991, the peak custom duty rate used to be as high as 150 percent. (Thakurata, South Asian Journal, pg 110). One assumed that India will have some advantage in the ASEAN market because of tariff margin given TIG agreement. The India-Asean pact on goods trade will result in the signatory countries abolishing customs tariffs on 80% of goods including key raw material like Iron ore and aluminum, plastic goods and certain kinds of machinery. The deal is likely to be operational from January 2009 when the signatories to the pact will begin cutting import tariff in phased manner, import duties on normal goods will be reduced to zero over a period of six years and on items in the sensitive list will have a partial tariff reduction over longer period of time. (The Economic challenger, pg 18). It look six long years for the two sides to conclude the negotiation of ROO’s (Rules of origin). ROO means that goods exported from certain destination must have a minimum value addition in the country of origin of proportion specified. India has reportedly agreed to have 35 percent value addition and changes in tariff at level of sub heading whereas in case of bilateral arrangements with individual countries like Thailand and Singapore, the rules specify 40% value addition and tariff changes at the level of headings. ROO’s are major reason why negotiations between India and Thailand over expansion of items in FTA list are stalled. New Delhi fears that further relaxation of ROO’s could lead to imports for third world via Thailand that would, in turn, antagonize Indian industry. (www. bilaterals. org/article. php3? id_artilce=13650) India lowered its duties on crude palm oil (CPO) and refined palm oil to 37. 5 and 45% (against 80%) respectively. It has also agreed to lower duties on coffee and tea to 45% and pepper to 50% (against 100%). Under the pact India-ASEAN will eliminate import duties on 71% products by December 31, 2012 and another 9% by 2015. Duties on 8-10% products that have been kept in the sensitive list will also be brought down to 5%. India will keep 489 items in negative list of products to be excluded from tariff reduction commitments. Tariff rates in manufacturing goods in India is high whereas in major ASEAN countries are quite low. Therefore India is unlikely to get too much advantage because of tariff preference (The Economic Challenger, vol41, pg 18). On the other hand, the FTA is likely to allow the ASEAN countries to take advantage of the large gap between high Indian applied tariff rates and the preferential rates. It is expected that agreement will open up considerable market for ASEAN countries in Agriculture, electronics, motor car equipment and other light manufacturing goods in India. This way negatively affect domestic farmer in agriculture and small and medium enterprises in light manufacturing including textile in India. There are reports that Asian development bank to contribute to a fund to help compensate industries that likely to be hit by Indo-Asean free trade agreement (Dasgupta and PAL, EPW Nov, 15, 2008). WHAT ARE EFFECTS OF SERVICE TRADE ON FTA The crux of welfare gains from India ASEAN market integration does not rest on free trade in goods, but on free flow of service and investment. That is India’s service industries-IT services, design services and call operators-have long been a hub or source of outsourcing and off shoring from develop economies especially United States and the European Union. The India-ASEAN FTA that successfully liberalises trade in service and investment will therefore provide economic opportunities companies in ASEAN countries to strengthen their competitiveness in global market by fragmenting their production and establishing industrial clusters. www. bilaterals. org/article/phg3? id_article=13650). A treaty which involves services will be extremely important for India also because India sees a big market for its services export in ASEAN. India presently is one of top exporters of services and according to WTO data it is ranked 10th in the world ahead of ASEAN countries like Singapore (ranked 16th), Thailand (ranked 27th) and Malaysia (ranked 20th). In 2006 reports of services from India were around $74 billion. India is particularly strong in Information technology enables services (ITES), professional services, telecommunication services, health care, financial services and distribution services. ASEAN is also big market for service imports. It is not importer of services and according to WTO (2007), total imports of service by ASEAN members was close to $ 150 billion in 2006. To put this figure in perspective, US imports of services was around $ 300 billion in the same year. ASEAN also has a major export interest in some services sector. Tourism in one of the most important services trade for ASEAN countries. Apart from that they are major exporter of air transport, construction, logistics insurance and financial services. (Dasgupta and PAL, EPW Nov 15, 2008). When India and ASEAN kicked off negotiations on the bilateral FTA in 2002, they were supposed to finalize a comprehensive agreement that covers good, service and investment. However, regional grouping prevailed on India to conclude talks on goods first and then move on to services and investment. India’s trade with the ASEAN, its fourth largest trading partner after the EU, US and China has been growing at a compound annual growth rate of 27%. Bilateral trade stood at 38. 37 billion in 2007-08 and is project to reach $ 48 billion in 2008-09. The agreement on services allow Indian service providers to access the ASEAN Market and set up operation there. The investment agreement in expected to work both ways in terms of attracting FDI from ASEAN member, especially Singapore and Malaysia, and providing opportunity to Indian companies in sectors like pharmaceuticals, coal mining and automobiles to invest in ASEAN region (Economic times, Jan 10, 2008). For a major region which has liberal policies for merchandise trade, services trade in ASEAN in highly regulated. As Karmakar (2005) points out, services trade in ASEAN in highly regulated for foreign suppliers but the restrictions are also there for intra ASEAN, trade. Efforts are being made to gradually integrate service trade among ASEAN members. The ASEAN Framework agreement on services (AFAS) provide broad framework to achieve this. The target is to make ASEAN a single market and production base through free flow of goods, services, investment, skilled labour and free flow of capital by 2015 (Dasgupta and Pal, EPW Nov 15, 2008). HOW ENERGY SECURITY HELPFUL TO FTA? Apart from other items, closer economic and political ties with ASEAN are likely to held India’s quest for energy security. Indian position on global civilian nuclear cooperation received a boost as the 16 leader’s of ASEAN and its dialogue partner signed what was described as landmark declaration on Energy security at the second East-Asia summit. The Cebu Declaration on Energy security was signed by leaders of East Asia summit-an evolving regional forum that includes the ASEAN and six dialogue partners (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand). The declaration calls for reducing dependence on hydrocarbons and fossil fuel in the context of surging global crube oil prices and seeks to intensify the search for new and renewable energy resources and technologies with focus on civil nuclear power and biofuels (Thakurata, South Asian Journal No 16, pg 107). India is heavily dependent on west Asia for oil imports, which is geopolitically tense part of the world. India is currently the world’s sixth largest energy consumer, and third largest oil and gas consumer in Asia after China and Japan. For India oil imports account for about 72% of total oil consumption of which 67% is being sourced from west Asia. Hence on external front India is pursuing diversification of supply sources and trying to significantly increase exploration of oil and gas. Among the ASEAN countries, India at present import crude oil from Malaysia and Brunei, which contributes 5. % of its total oil from Malaysia which comprises just 3. 5% of its total LPG import on the other hand, among the ASEAN countries, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam have about 1% of total world’s proven oil reserves and 3% of the world’s proven gas reserves (Dasgupta and Pal, EPW Nov 15, 2008). CONCLUSION To conclude it can be said that the Indo ASEAN trade in goods agreement may not be beneficial for trade in short run but it can be thought of as a part of long runs strategy to improve India’s economic, and strategic presence in the neighbourhood. Though India shares a land border with Myanmar and maritime border with Indonesia and Thailand, the ASEAN countries has never been economically very close to India. In fact India and the ASEAN countries are not considered natural trading partners. This is indirect contrast to China which was established a distributed regional network of production and trade in this region. The Indo-ASEAN FTA can be perceived as an intial step towards increased economic integration of India with South east Asia. From a broader perspective, the Indo-ASEAN FTA can also be viewed as other cog in the wheel of increasing South-south cooperation. This is important because the world economic system is presently going through some significant changes. On the one hand there is severe economic showdown and major financial problem in the developed world. On the other hand there is talk of developing countries like China and India emerging as driver of southern economic growth. Though the impact of China on other developing countries is much stronger. India can play a complementary role. While China provides a big market for exports, via a manufacturing supply chain for other Asian countries, India can potentially become a hub of services-led growth. If India aspires to play a prominent role in global economy and Governance, increased cooperation with ASEAN make a sense as a strategic move. BIBLIOGRAPHY Baru, Sanjay, “India and ASEAN: The Emerging States Relationship Towards a Bay of Bengal community”. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relation, February, 2001. Chakraboti, Tribdib, “India and Indo China states in the 21st century; Challenges and opportunities” World Focus Vol 347-348; Nov-Dec 2008. Dasgupta and Pal, “Does a Free Trade Agreement with ASEAN make sense” Economic and Political weekly. Nov 15, 2008, Economic Times, January 27, 2009. Joseph and Parayil, “India-ASEAN cooperation in Information and Communication Technology: Issues and Prospects: RIS Discussion paper (www. ries. org. in) Sharma, Madan Lal, “India ASEAN Relation”; Third Concept Dec 2007, Vol 21. No 250. Sinha, Prabha Chandra, Handbook of ASEAN and Regional Cooperation. 2th Summit and beyond 2007. Takhurata, “India’s free Trade Agreement with ASEAN” South Asian Journal, April June 2007, NO. 16. “The Free Trade Agreement with ASEAN”. The Economic Challenger 2008, No 11, issue 11. WEBSITES www. aseansec. org/4920. htm. www. artilcebase. com/politics_articles www. bilateral. org/rubrique. php3? id_rubriqu+159,13650,12959 www. econoimctimes. com www. e_pao. net/epsubpageextracts. asp? src=education. scientificpapersIndia-ASEANFTA. www. heindia_au. org/pr_072. html. www. indianmba. com/occasional_papers/OP104. op104. html

<urn:uuid:4cfc0f19-8e03-4dd9-bfc5-c91959c31256>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://termpapernow.com/samples/india-asean-free-trade-agreement-324/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00488.warc.gz

en

The total volume of water that has melted from all of the world's polar ice sheets, ice caps and mountain glaciers over the past decade would fill Britain's largest lake, Windermere, more than 13,000 times, according to one of the most comprehensive studies of the Earth's frozen "cryosphere". Using satellites that have monitored the disappearing ice over the entire surface of the globe, scientists estimated that some 4168 cubic km of ice disappeared between 2003 and 2010 - enough to cover the United States in 0.5m of water. The survey found that the melting of the cryosphere has been responsible for raising sea levels by about 1.27cm over the same period, equivalent to a rise of about 1.5mm a year. This was on top of sea-level increases due to the thermal expansion of seawater caused by rising ocean temperatures. Data gathered by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, a joint satellite project run by Nasa and the German Government, also found that the amount of ice melting from the mountain glaciers and ice caps that were not in Greenland or Antarctica was actually significantly smaller than previous estimates had suggested. AdvertisementAdvertise with NZME. Instead of contributing nearly 1mm of sea level rise per year as previously suggested, some of the Earth's glaciers and ice caps, especially in the Himalayas and Asia, were melting slower than expected, contributing about 0.4mm of sea level rise per year - less than half the amount predicted.

<urn:uuid:afef19ed-ec3a-4897-ab9a-08ebff946d0d>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/worlds-melted-ice-would-cover-us-study/AP2PRXOBR6AH3UQE7CUVZFLRA4/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00488.warc.gz

en

Feedback for learning: formative assessment NE714 Develop your approaches to written and oral feedback, to support student learning through formative assessment, without increasing your workload. Online, self-paced course. Participants can join and start this course at any time after the advertised date. Marking has been identified as an area of excessive workload for teachers, however feedback is a crucial practice to enable students to move forward in their understanding. This course provides evidence-based approaches to using written and oral feedback to support student learning, without increasing your workload. You will focus on developing a classroom culture that encourages formative dialogue, and prepare students to receive feedback and act upon it to further their learning. Who is it for? What topics are covered? This course covers: - effective feedback as part of formative assessment. - feedback that enables students to move forward in their learning. - forms of written feedback and oral feedback. - empowering students to receive and act on feedback. How will you learn? How long is this course? - apply approaches that use students’ errors to maximise learning as part of classroom culture. - identify different types of feedback interaction within your teaching. - develop a range of strategies to involve students in oral and written feedback. - develop a formative classroom culture that prepares students to be responsive to feedback.

<urn:uuid:6fdef79f-8333-48e6-a7c2-5e57311531bb>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.stem.org.uk/cpd/ondemand/473352/feedback-learning-formative-assessment

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00488.warc.gz

en

General Care For Your Teeth It’s not always genetics that plays a role in the quality of your teeth. You have the choice and power to change things to prevent or postpone issues such as tooth decay and gum disease. Most of the time, tooth decay starts small and then leads to infection, so this gives us plenty of time to treat and ensure the best outcome possible. Therefore 6 monthly, regular check-ups’ is advised. Not all decay requires fillings, if it is identified in the preliminary stages, we can prevent tooth decay by catching it early and repairing it by better brushing or flossing of teeth. Essentially, making better lifestyle choices and changes. Gum disease if identified early, is maintained with very little effort, which is great news. If advanced gum disease is found, it is can be hard to manage so please do not leave it until it’s too late.

<urn:uuid:a33028a9-c19b-4c9f-bc45-8f956ae6e5bb>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.withcottdental.com.au/blog/general-care-for-your-teeth/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00488.warc.gz

en

Alternative medicine – What is it? According to Websters Dictionary alternative medicine,is defined in the modern western world as, a practice that encompasses any healing practice “that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine. Notice that this is extremely jingoisitc. The definition automatically implies that “alternative” is not Conventional, is defined as what is accepted – by whom? Who decides what is conventional and what is alternative? In China palm reading, herbs, phrenology, and meditation, are conventional and the west defines it as “alternative”. It is my contention that this is an arbitrary term that has grown to be accepted by the west as truth. This article discusses many types of medicine and healing that are useful and beneficial and are not part of the accepted medical community. Let us examine the definition of conventional medicine According to dictionary.com conventional medicine is Medicine as practiced by holders of M.D. (medical doctor) or D.O. (doctor of osteopathy) degrees and by their allied health professionals, such as physical therapists, psychologists, and registered nurses. Other terms for conventional medicine include allopathy and allopathic medicine; Western medicine, mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, and regular medicine;and biomedicine.. So, from this definition we see that a treatment is alternative, dare I say, UN-conventional, if it is not practiced by an individual who fits the above definition. Therefore, it is subjective, and changing. To illustrate this point not to far in the past an Oestopathic doctor, or chiropractor, were considered alternative, or un-conventional. Some examples of Alternative Medicine Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) includes herbs, massage, acupuncture, and dietary therapy. These practices are considered conventional in the eastern world. Acupuncture, which has a moderate following, even in the west it is considered by the World Health Organization to be : …showing efficacy of acupuncture in adult postoperative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in postoperative dental pain. There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma, in which acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program. Homeopathy is based on the belief that a person can be healed by ingesting a substance that produces the same symptoms in a healthy person using a process called serial dilution. Practitioners also alternate between this and psychological treatment to assist the patient. Yoga One of the goals of yoga is to improve health. This is accomplished by a combination of breathing and physical body positions. It is also based upon the Chakra system which is not discussed here. This energy healing system that was brought to the Japanese world by Mikao Usui in the late 19th century. This system has gone through many permutations and has changed significantly in the last 100 years. Originally, it was a self-healing technique that had its roots in the Japanese shamanic and martial arts traditions. in fact, the japanese art of Akido, can trace some of its elements to the practice of Reiki. It was brought to the west by Hawayo Takata who is considered by some western practitioners as the last All cultures have an indigenous Shamanic component. These individuals are/were considered the doctor and priest of the community. In the west, we have replaced our shamans with psychologists, physicians, and priests. This is indicative of the specialization process western society has gone though over the last two to three hundred years. All of them share the idea that an individual must be treated (w)holistically in order to achieve healing. If we strip away the modern terms, then those individuals who practice a (w)holistic approach to helping others, are indeed shamans Similar to Reiki discussed above, Celtic Transformational Healing a system that I developed in 2006 based on the Cauldron of Posey by Amergin. This system helps individuals to “correct” the status of the three cauldrons in the body of every individual. We know that Music soothes us somehow. We tap our feet, dance, spin, or other expression that brings a smile to our faces. Mongolian bowls, and chimes are also used for bringing about the proper vibrational health within our bodies. Drumming has been used by cultures from all over the globe for healing. Drum energy and the physical & emotional health of a person are connected. In meditation, we use the beat of the person’s own heart to facilitate the light trance state that is necessary to achieve the stated objective. Many practitioners use the energy of drumming to help us make the changes we need in our body, mind and soul. Even in the scientific community, studies have begun to acknowledge the power of vibrational energy and the Healing Drum to transform and relieve physical and emotional maladies. Therefore, we may find that soon, the healing drum will become “conventional” instead of alternative. As these practices approach different aspects of a person, so to being a (w)hole person means to approach and pay attention to many aspects of oneself. As we develop this site, we will add more information on how one can be healthy, happy, and lead productive, satisfactory lives.

<urn:uuid:608504f3-c4e8-48e4-81be-5bc59410a2f8>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

http://alfredwillowhawk.us/written-word/articles/alternative-medicine-and-healing-modalities/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

Abstract: Fifteen months after the Church of Christ’s inception in April 1830, Joseph Smith received a revelation indicating that Independence, Jackson County, Missouri, was to be the “center-place” of Zion and a “spot for a temple is lying westward, upon a lot that is not far from the court-house.” Dedication of this spot for the millennial temple soon followed on August 3, 1831, by Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon. A building sketch was prepared in Kirtland, Ohio, and sent to church leaders in Independence in June 1833. Smith also forwarded his plat for the City of Zion, showing 24 temples at its center and giving an explanation for their use. Tragically, the church was driven en masse out of Jackson County only months later. Reclaiming the original Partridge purchase in December 1831, known as the Temple Lot, became an early driving force for the membership of the church. A physical effort to reclaim the saints’ land and possessions in Jackson County was organized in 1834 by Joseph Smith and became known as “Zion’s Camp.” After traveling 900 miles and poised on the north bank of the Missouri River looking toward Jackson County, Smith’s two hundred armed men were unable to proceed for various reasons. While contemplating what to do, given the reality of their situation, Smith received a revelation to “wait for a little season, for the redemption of Zion.” That poignant phrase — “the redemption of Zion” — became a tenet of the church thereafter. In the years following the martyrdom and the subsequent “scattering of the saints,” three independent expressions of the Restoration returned to Independence to reclaim or redeem the Temple Lot in fulfillment of latter-day scripture. This essay examines their historical efforts. [Page 146][Editor’s Note: Part of our book chapter reprint series, this article is reprinted here as a service to the LDS community. Original pagination and page numbers have necessarily changed, otherwise the reprint has the same content as the original. See R. Jean Addams, “The Past and Future of the Temple Lot in Independence, Jackson County, Missouri,” in Proceedings of the Fifth Interpreter Foundation Matthew B. Brown Memorial Conference, 7 November 2020, ed. Stephen D. Ricks and Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, Temple on Mount Zion 6 (Orem, UT: The Interpreter Foundation; Salt Lake City: Eborn Books, 2021), in preparation. Further information at https://interpreterfoundation.org/books/the-temple-past-present-and-future/.] Wherefore, this is the land of promise, and the place for the city of Zion … the place which is now called Independence is the center place; and a spot for the temple is lying westward, upon a lot which is not far from the courthouse (Doctrine and Covenants 57:2–3, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints edition, hereafter LDS Doctrine and Covenants; cf. Doctrine and Covenants 57:1b–d, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints edition, hereafter RLDS Doctrine and Covenants).1 [Page 147]Prior to the first Mormon missionaries arriving in Independence, Jackson County, Missouri, in January 1831, the Lord orchestrated, over time, a series of events to prepare the Millennial Temple Lot. These events enabled a legal representative of his recently restored church, then known as the Church of Christ, to purchase the property.2 First, I will briefly review the events preceding and during the Joseph Smith-led trip to western Missouri in the summer of 1831. I will then summarize the prophet’s description of the future temple and city of Zion that dates to June 1833. Next, I will explore the events following the expulsion of the Church from Jackson County in November 1833 and the revelatory mandates given to Smith regarding the redemption of Zion, which commenced in October 1833. Beginning in 1834, efforts to redeem Zion became a significant part of the trials of the young church thereafter. This determination to return to Jackson County and redeem Zion, and specifically the temple site, became more complicated with the murder of the Prophet Joseph Smith in June 1844. In the years that followed that tragic event, schisms evolved within the original Church. Among several, there are three significant church organizations, viable today, that will be examined as they went about their independent ways to facilitate that return and redeem theme. Each church hoped to reclaim the original dedicated temple property and to eventually build the Millennial Temple. I will conclude with a look at the current status of each of these churches and their expectations for the future of the Temple Lot, located in Independence, Jackson County, Missouri. The Organization of Jackson County Provision for the future journey of the first missionaries of the Church of Christ organized by the young prophet Joseph Smith Jr. on April 6, 1830,3 began with the completion of the US government survey of the land within the proposed boundaries of Jackson County. The Missouri legislature subsequently organized Jackson County4 on December 15, 1826.5 Three months later in March 1827, a small but growing frontier village located at the departure point of the trade-lucrative Santa Fe Trail6 was officially selected as the county seat. The village was named Independence.7 However, the anticipated US government sale of the recently surveyed land within Jackson County was not made available for sale for nearly two years.8 To the early squatters or settlers in what was to become Jackson County, many of whom had pioneered in the area as early as 1821,9 this unexplained delay was a major frustration.10 [Page 148]The importance of squatter’s rights and seminary land designations and their impact on Jackson County is essential in understanding the land ownership situation at the time Joseph Smith and party arrived in Independence in July 1831.11 The westward expansion of the United States was directly impacted by squatter’s rights.12 Simply, a squatter was an individual who selected a piece of public land (often referred to as the Public Domain) and then settled or squatted upon it. The Land Act of 1820 set the price at $1.25 per acre and the minimum tract at 80 acres after an official survey by the US government.13 Seminary sections were transferred to the state to provide funds for the creation of a university. Without explanation, nearly 60% of the 72 sections that the US Congress designated14 as seminary lands for Missouri were set aside within Jackson County.15 The rationale for this disproportionate allocation to Jackson County, according to Missouri historian Annette Curtis, was “because the sections chosen were predominantly near the Missouri River, and, therefore, theoretically more valuable.”16 Independence was surrounded by seminary land sections.17 When the US government sale of land was finally announced for November 6, 1828, many of the early squatters of Jackson County were informed that they were on seminary land and that Missouri was allowed to hold these seminary sections for an unspecified period and to set a higher minimum price per acre.18 Already upset with the delay in purchasing their land, these squatters were going to have to wait even longer to be able to obtain legal title for their property. Adding to their disappointment, the Missouri Legislature announced that the minimum price per acre was to be $2.00, rather than the US government price of $1.25 per acre, which they had anticipated.19 No date for a seminary land sale was announced at this time. 1821–1831: Early Settlers of Independence James Shepherd, a cousin of General William Clark, had heard from Clark and others “glowing accounts of the territory west of the Mississippi.”20 Adventurous like his cousin, Shepherd assembled a group of family and close friends in Virginia and journeyed west via Kentucky to the territory of Missouri perhaps as early as 1821.21 This group included the family of Dr. Lawrence Flournoy, a cousin of Shepherd.22 Lawrence and his wife, Theodocia Hoy, were the parents of five sons: Hoy, Rowland, Solomon, Jones H., and Lawrence. These sons were all adults at the time of the trip west. It is probable that the Flournoys joined the Shepherd party as they traveled through Kentucky en route to western Missouri inasmuch [Page 149]as the available family records indicate that the sons were all born in Kentucky.23 The Shepherd group continued their travel southwest, obtained passage on a steamboat at St. Louis, disembarked at Fort Osage, and continued along the Osage Trace to the Big Spring area that William Clark had recommended to them24 This chosen location soon became the eventual town site of Independence. Lawrence and Theodocia Flournoy’s fourth son, Jones Hoy Flournoy, was, or became, a gunsmith, harness repairer, and farmer. Jones, like his siblings and parents, quickly staked out his squatter’s land claims (160 acres and more)25 in the immediate area and proceeded to clear land, farm, and trade. Jones built a house26 and a trading-post made of bricks soon thereafter, and by the late 1820s, Flournoy was a well-known supplier and trader for the Santa Fe traffic27 and the Postmaster for Independence.28 His squatter’s claim would play a vital role in the acquisition of the Temple Lot. February–July 1831: The Arrival of the Mormons in Jackson County Joseph Smith Jr. and the early missionaries of the Church of Christ preached a restored gospel heavily punctuated with a millenarian spirit that the prophesied return of Christ to this earth and the commencement of his Millennial Reign was imminent.29 New Testament and Book of Mormon references to Zion and a New Jerusalem were common themes. [Page 150]In answer to prayerful inquiry by Smith, regarding where the New Jerusalem or city of Zion was to be located, he was told: “No man knoweth where the city Zion shall be built, but it shall be given hereafter. Behold, I say unto you that it shall be on the borders by the Lamanites” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 28:9; RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 27:3d).30 This geographical reference was generally understood by the new adherents to Smith’s church to mean the vast reaches of the American continent west of the state of Missouri, to which US President Andrew Jackson was “strongly encouraging” a relocation of the Indian tribes of the eastern and southeastern areas of the United States.31 Oliver Cowdery and three other missionaries were subsequently designated by revelation and began their journey west “late in October 1830, and started on foot”32 for the “borders of the Lamanites” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 28:8, 31:5, 32:1–3; RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 27:3a, 28:2a, 31:1a–c).33 On February 9, 1831, soon after Smith had relocated the Church to the Kirtland, Ohio, area,34 he proclaimed, “the time shall come when it shall be revealed unto you from on high, when the city of the New Jerusalem shall be prepared” and where it would be located (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 42:9; RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 42:3b).35 Following the June 3–6, 1831, conference of the Church in Kirtland, additional missionary calls were given by revelation (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 52; RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 52).36 Those called, which included Joseph Smith, were to go to western Missouri, and there the Lord would reveal to them, they believed, where the “city of the New Jerusalem” would be located.37 Smith’s party left Kirtland on June 1938 and reached Independence in mid-July 1831.39 On July 20, 1831, soon after Smith’s arrival in Independence, he received a revelation that designated the small village of Independence as the “center-place” of what was to be the future city of Zion (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 57:1–3; cf. RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 57:1a–d).40 Independence had a population of 200 to 300 individuals, “a court-house built of brick, two or three merchant’s stores, and 15 or 20 dwelling houses.”41 There was also at least one licensed tavern, owned by Solomon G. Flournoy.42 The revelation further specified that “a spot for the temple is lying westward, upon a lot which is not far from the court-house.”43 This revelation was a momentous announcement. Not only had they now been told that they were in the “center-place” of the future city of New Jerusalem, but, of even greater importance, was that they now knew where the Millennial Temple was to be built. It was to this temple, [Page 151]they believed, that the Savior would return to usher in the long-awaited Millennium.44 August–December 1831: The Dedication and Purchase of the Temple Lot When the Smith party left Kirtland, they were undoubtedly aware that public land was available for purchase at $1.25 per acre as previously discussed. William W. Phelps, and the others who accompanied the prophet, brought funds with them for that very purpose.45 They would certainly have been knowledgeable about squatter’s rights, but they may not have been familiar with the seminary land designation. On their arrival, Smith, undoubtedly, would have been briefed on the availability and unavailability of land ownership in Independence and Jackson County and certainly of the seminary land designation and its impact on the Independence area in particular, as the town was surrounded by these sections.46 The long delay experienced by the early settlers in acquiring their squatter’s claims and the significant increase from $1.25 to $2.00 in the sale price per acre being required by the state of Missouri certainly would have also been explained.47 The fact that the state of Missouri owned the seminary lands (which had not been sold and were generally unoccupied except for farming by the original squatters) helps us to see the “guiding hand of the Lord” in preserving the “spot for a temple” as undeveloped property. Smith would have also been informed that the long-awaited sale of seminary land had finally been announced for the first week of December 1831.48 Partridge confirmed his understanding of this information in a letter he wrote to his wife on August 5, 1831.49 Prior to the dedication of that “spot for a temple,” having ascertained its approximate location, Smith and Partridge would have sought out Jones H. Flournoy as the rightful squatter or claimant of the land they wished to purchase. Certainly they would also have obtained permission to proceed onto his claimed property for their planned event.50 [Page 153]On August 3rd, those privileged to be part of the dedicatory ceremony proceeded to the squatter’s claim of Jones H. Flournoy. The Smith party worked their way through the brush and trees to the highest spot on the property. Orson Pratt recalled: “It was then a wilderness, with large trees on the temple block.”51 His brother Parley P. Pratt remembered that the location was “a beautiful rise of ground about a half a mile west of Independence … it was a noble forest.”52 And William L. McLellin recollected what he had been told: “Joseph cut his way in through this growth of trees, brush and saplings, to reach the site of the dedication for the proposed Millennial Temple.”53 This location was approximately two blocks west of where Flournoy’s home was located and about one-half block southwest of his unoccupied trading post on the Santa Fe Trail.54 There are five extant accounts of those who participated in the dedication of the Temple Lot on August 3, 1831, and from these records it appears that there were at least thirteen men55 present on this momentous occasion, rather than the traditional eight elders in attendance.56 Once Smith had located “the spot for a temple,” he placed a stone at the northeast corner of the contemplated temple “in the name of the Lord Jesus of Nazareth.”57 This dedicatory service was the culminating event [Page 154]for which the Smith party had come 900 miles to this westernmost outpost of the United States. On August 9, Smith and party left Independence for the return trip to Kirtland.58 Bishop Edward Partridge was told by revelation to preside over the Church in Jackson County and to make his residence in Independence.59 As a priority, he was certainly instructed by Smith to complete the legal acquisition of the Temple Lot Property from Flournoy when the seminary land sale commenced in early December. As planned, Jones H. Flournoy acquired his squatter’s claim on December 12, 1831.60 His deed shows that he bought a total of 160 acres for $320.61 One week later, on December 19, Partridge acquired from Flournoy, a 63.27-acre parcel of his 160 acres, which encompassed the dedicated temple site. Partridge paid Flournoy the sum of $130.00 or $2.055 per acre.62 Flournoy netted a profit of $3.48. The temple site and the surrounding property, thereafter, came to be known as the “Temple Lot” or the “Temple Property” by church members and locals alike.63 June 1833: Joseph Smith’s Description of the Future Temple and City of Zion Although the revelation dictated on July 20, 1831, had contained instructions about the location of the temple for the city of Zion, no description of “the manner in which the temple should be built” was provided until two years later, on June 3 or 4, 1833. At that time, Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, and Frederick G. Williams, the presidency of the Church, “received a vision in which they viewed plans for the [Kirtland] temple, carefully observing its structure and design. … Although the presidency’s vision specifically addressed the Kirtland Temple … the Independence Temple [plan is] remarkably similar in window layout, floor plan, and interior details.”64 A few weeks after the vision, on June 25, 1833, the plat for the city of Zion65 and plans for its temple,66 together with detailed explanations in an accompanying letter, were mailed to Edward Partridge and others in Missouri.67 The package was received in Independence on July 29, 1833.68 Six weeks after the original temple drawings were mailed to Church leaders in Missouri, the drawings were subsequently reviewed by Joseph Smith and Frederick G. Williams and adjustments were made. A revised set of drawings were prepared in August and sent to Partridge and others [Page 156]in Jackson County by special messengers Orson Hyde and John Gould who arrived in late September.69 In actuality, the city plat laid out not one but twenty-four temples at the center, most of them dedicated for church administration by the various priesthood quorums.70 However, the temple plan given in vision was for one or more of the buildings for the Church Presidency. The full name appeared as follows: “House of the Lord, for the Presidency of the High and most Holy Priesthood, after the order of Melchizedek, which was after the order of the Son of God, upon Mount Zion, City of the New Jerusalem.”71 [Page 157]According to Smith, the city as a whole was “supposed to contain fifteen to twenty thousand people” with sufficient farmland to supply the residents’ needs outside the city on the north and south sides. The idea was to create not one but multiple cities according to this plan: “When this square is thus laid off and supplied, lay off another in the same way, and so fill up the world in these last days.” Thus, in its broad conception, “New Jerusalem was a fairly extensive region,” and “the Jackson County generic label was applied [to include] a large portion of northwestern Missouri,” including Adam-ondi-Ahman, Far West, and Liberty.72 Though the plan for the city of Zion has not yet been implemented in Jackson County, its principles have inspired city layouts in Kirtland, Far West, Nauvoo, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, and other, smaller Latter-day Saint settlements throughout the western United States and Canada.73 Unfortunately, a number of the citizens of Jackson County began circulating a document on July 18 among the population who were not members of the Church of Christ. This petition enumerated their grievances and called for a meeting to be held on July 20, 1833, to “further discuss their perceived problems with the Mormons and how to remove them from the county.”74 Sadly, the meeting culminated in the subsequent destruction of the William W. Phelps printing establishment75 and home, the “tar and feathering” of Bishop Edward Partridge and Charles Allen, and other acts of violence. It was apparent that this early Mormon sojourn in Zion was about to end.76 Depravations continued against Church members in the weeks that followed. Mobbing, harassments, and violent and deadly encounters on a large and determined scale began on October 31, 1833 and, by early November,77 twelve hundred Saints were driven out en masse out of the county.78 Most of the members fled north across the Missouri River to accommodating Clay County.79 1833–1836: Troubles in Missouri and Initial Efforts to Redeem Zion With the forced exodus and abandonment of the Temple Lot Property, a great concern was manifest by both church leaders and members alike regarding the dedicated site of the Millennial Temple. The physical return to Independence and the reacquisition of that sixty-three-acre parcel of land became (and continues to be) a part of the ongoing history of this sacred space. Joseph Smith was advised of the July troubles and persecutions in Jackson County by Oliver Cowdery upon his hasty return to Kirtland in [Page 158]mid-August 1833.80 He had been sent by church leaders in Independence on July 24 or 25 to inform the prophet of the serious problems facing the Church and to seek advice.81 However, two months later, in what must have been an unsettling revelation, while Smith and Sidney Rigdon were on a brief mission in Perrysburg, New York,82 Smith was told: “And now I give unto you a word concerning Zion. Zion shall be redeemed, although she is chastened for a little season” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 100:13; RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 97:4a).83 This verse became the first latter-day scriptural use of the word “redeemed” as it pertained to Zion. Four months later, in February 1834, Parley P. Pratt and Lyman Wight arrived in Kirtland to advise Joseph Smith of the pitiful situation of his downtrodden followers, clinging to a mere existence in Clay County, after being forcibly driven out of Jackson County the previous November.84 Shortly thereafter, on February 24, 1834, Smith announced that “the redemption of Zion must needs come by power” and “as your fathers were led at the first, even so shall the redemption of Zion be” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 103:15, 18; cf. RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 100:3d–e).85 The Church responded with a recruitment effort to redeem Zion. Approximately two hundred able-bodied men assembled, as directed by Smith, at New Portage, Ohio, and departed on May 8, 1834, to travel some 900 miles to Jackson County to reclaim Zion. This quasi-military organization has since been known as Zion’s Camp.86 A month later, however, while encamped on the banks of the Fishing River in Clay County, just north of the Missouri River and Jackson County, word was received that there would be no assistance from Missouri Governor Daniel Dunklin as had been anticipated in facilitating their efforts to regain their land holdings in Jackson County.87 Shortly thereafter, on June 22, 1834, Smith received further revelation: “Therefore, in consequence of the transgressions of my people, it is expedient in me that mine elders should wait for a little season for the redemption of Zion” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 105:9, 13; cf. RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 102:3c, f).88 Coupled with the devastating effects of a cholera epidemic that quickly spread through the ranks of the men (the disease claimed fourteen individuals)89 Zion’s Camp was officially disbanded on June 30, 1834.90 A generally unknown second effort (September 1836), by members of the Church to return to Jackson County to redeem Zion, did not materialize.91 Justifications for these two apparent failures to redeem Zion (1834 and 1836) included internal dissension, a lack of money, and failure to live the Law of Consecration. As the Lord informed Smith in the June revelation: “were it not for the transgressions of my people, … they might have been redeemed even now” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 105:2; cf. RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 102:2a).92 1838–1839: The Redemption of Zion Postponed After a four-year effort to strengthen themselves as a church in northwest Missouri, the saints soon found themselves once again contesting with their neighbors.93 The tragic result was that the Church was forced to vacate Missouri by Governor Lilburn W. Boggs’ infamous “Extermination Order” in the late fall and winter of 1838–39.94 With the Church’s departure, the near-term hope of redeeming Zion was replaced with a delayed expectation, that is, that the Church would, indeed, have to “wait for a little season, for the redemption of Zion” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 105:9, 13; RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 102:3c, f).95 [Page 160]1844 and Succeeeding Decades: Death of the Prophet Joseph Smith and the Scattering of the Saints After the murders of Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum in June 1844 at Carthage, Illinois,96 the Church struggled over the question of leadership.97 Several men, besides Brigham Young, claimed the deceased Smith’s prophetic mantle, some of whom attracted numerous adherents among those who stayed behind in Illinois, Wisconsin, and elsewhere. As the claims of Rigdon, Strang, Smith, Wight, Brewster, Miller, Thompson, Bishop, Cutler, and others98 faded, two significant alliances developed in the Midwest some six years later. They are:99 (1) The Church of Christ and (2) the “New Organization” (later, The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints [RLDS]). A third group, and by far the largest, was The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Under the leadership of Brigham Young, they made plans for a near-term departure to the Great Basin of the American West.100 Temple Lot Property Ownership after the Exodus of 1833 Questions are often asked regarding the state of ownership of the Temple Lot Property in the intervening years between the forced Mormon 1833 exodus from Jackson County and the late 1860s when members of the returning Church of Christ began to repurchase the individual lots surrounding the traditional 1831 dedication site for the Millennial Temple. The same queries apply to other properties owned by individuals who were forced to leave under the threat of violence as well. Included, of course, is Bishop Edward Partridge, who held property in his name “for and in behalf of” the Church. It should be noted that in the early days of land holdings in Missouri, it was illegal for a church to hold property as a separate entity;101 therefore the Temple Lot Property parcel of 63.27 acres,102 as well as other properties, were held in Partridge’s name. Depending on the circumstances of ownership of a parcel of property, i.e., whether the property was owned outright or under contract, and whether property taxes had been incurred and were due, often dictated the course of action taken by a county or by an individual in regards to ongoing ownership. Regardless of the forced abandonment of property in late 1833, most of the saints’ Jackson County properties were either subsequently sold at a sheriff’s auction or sale for failure to pay delinquent property taxes or were foreclosed upon by the previous owners who had not been paid under the terms of their respective contracts. Regarding the Temple Lot Property acreage, oral testimony exists that this property was quitclaimed to Martin Harris from Edward [Page 161]Partridge. Harris’s quitclaim deed was never recorded in Jackson County, however. The obvious reasons for his apparent failure to do so were that he never returned to Jackson County after his 1831 trip, and following the exodus of 1833, it would have been extremely dangerous for a returning Mormon to do so in person.103 However, there is some testimony that Harris did mail the deed to the Jackson County Recorder for proper recording,104 but the deed was likely destroyed upon receipt. If this were so it would have been due to the fact that the postmasters and county clerks, in the years following 1833, were individuals that had organized and/or participated in forcing the saints out of the county, including Jones H. Flournoy, postmaster and Samuel C. Lucas, county clerk.105 In the spring of 1848, a resident of Independence, James Pool, decided to purchase the Temple Lot Property for his own purposes. Pool was well-known by the early members of the Church, dating back to early 1831 wherein, according to Parley P. Pratt, he “entertained us kindly and comfortably.”106 Pool would have known that Edward Partridge was the recorded owner of the 63.27-acre parcel he wished to purchase. Apparently no attempt had yet been made to seize the property due to nonpayment of back property taxes by the county. Regardless, Pool obviously wanted a clear title to the land, and so he sent his agent, a Mr. Pearson, to Winter Quarters to locate Partridge and make a cash offer for a quitclaim deed.107 He may not have been aware that Edward Partridge had died a few years previous in Nauvoo.108 When Pearson arrived at Winter Quarters, he met with a church member J. A. Kelting, who in turn, relayed a message to Brigham Young. Kelting reported that Pearson, an agent of James Pool of Independence, was anxious to purchase from widow Partridge a quitclaim deed for $300. Young called and held a council meeting on April 26, 1848, to discuss the matter.109 In 1839, while imprisoned in Liberty Jail, Joseph Smith reversed his thinking regarding the pronounced policy of “not selling” Jackson County land holdings.110 With this change in policy in mind, Young asked for and received counsel about what course to pursue in regard to the Pool offer for the Temple Lot Property. He stated, as recorded in the minutes of this meeting: The Temple Lot in Jackson Co. is in the care of the heirs of Bro Partridge. A man [Pool through his agent Pearson] offers [$]300 for a Quit Claim Deed. Bro. Kelting will turn out the 300. The land was deeded to Martin Harris. He has not put the deed on record. Shall we advise Sis. Partridge to go over [Page 162]the mountains. … My object is to get the old Lady [she was 55] over the mountains.111 Young then noted that the Partridge family needed oxen, wagons, horses, groceries, and other provisions to equip themselves for the trip to the Great Basin. Orson Pratt, Heber C. Kimball, and Wilford Woodruff provided input. After deliberation, the council decided to proceed with the arrangement and to have the children of Partridge sign the deed besides Partridge’s widow.112 The sale was made for the equivalent of $300113 and the Partridge heirs114 traveled with Pearson to Atchison County, in the extreme northwest corner of Missouri to legally execute the document. On May 5, 1848, the quitclaim deed was signed before two witnesses and the county clerk.115 Pearson then departed for Independence, and the Partridge family returned to Winter Quarters. Pool subsequently had the deed recorded in the Jackson County property records on May 5, 1848.116 Pool only held the property for a short period of time because of some personal legal difficulties. The sheriff levied on this property and sold it to John Maxwell on September 22, 1848. Maxwell, in turn, made an arrangement with Samuel H. Woodson in February 1851 wherein they became partners in the ownership of the property. The two men then platted the land for what became the Maxwell-Woodson Addition to the city of Independence.117 Thereafter, the individual lots were sold to other individuals and from these various subsequent owners John Hedrick and William Eaton purchased lots 15–22 between 1867 and 1874. These lots comprise the acreage owned today by the Church of Christ. 1852–1878: The Redemption of Zion Begins The Church of Christ The earliest church with Mormon roots to stake a claim in Independence after the Nauvoo period was the Church of Christ, which bore the original name of the 1830 church. Beginning in the winter of 1852, members located in north-central Illinois began to meet together at the home of self-appointed, local leader Granville Hedrick, near Washburn, Woodford County. The branch was known as Half Moon Prairie.118 Hedrick was an elder in the original Church.119 Several years later, Hedrick published a revelation. In the first issue of the Truth Teller, the Church of Christ’s newspaper (July 1864), he claimed that the revelation had been delivered to him by an angel on April 2 of that year.120 The heavenly messenger instructed him and his followers to “gather together [Page 163]upon the consecrated land which I have appointed and dedicated by My servant Joseph Smith.” The year of gathering to Jackson County was identified in the revelation as 1867.121 When the members of the Church of Christ relocated, as instructed, to Independence in 1867, they discovered that the city had annexed the Temple Lot Property.122 John Hedrick and William Eaton, thereafter, acquired two-and-a-half acres of that property, including Lot 15, the traditional location where Smith had placed the corner stone in 1831.123 The Church of Christ (historically called the “Hedrickites”) is unique in its early claim to a specific revelation to return as a church to Jackson County and to redeem or reclaim the Temple Lot in the center place of Zion. The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints A second group of scattered members emerged under the early leadership of Jason W. Briggs and Zenas H. Gurley Sr., also in 1852.124 These men, elders in Joseph Smith’s original Church, had pondered their options after rebuffing the claims of Brigham Young. Beginning in late 1851, both men independently reported that they had received revelations directing them to reject all claimants to the prophetic mission of the church’s founder. The language of the revelation to Jason W. Briggs [Page 164]stated: “in my own due time will I call upon the seed of Joseph Smith.”125 Both men proclaimed that Joseph Smith’s successor would be Joseph’s eldest son, Joseph Smith III.126 After some correspondence, they agreed to hold a conference in Beloit, Wisconsin, in June 1852. The Briggs and Gurley group initially called itself the “New Organization.”127 In March 1860, Joseph Smith III, after deciding to accept the position of church president, wrote to William Marks,128 advising him, “I am soon going to take my father’s place as the head of the Mormon church.”129 The church established headquarters in Plano, Illinois, and in 1866 changed its name from the New Organization to the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.130 Although the RLDS Church had, in no uncertain terms, rejected Hedrick’s revelation to return to Jackson County,131 by 1877 the church was carefully developing its own return to Zion strategy. In January 1877, Smith stated: “We now state that we are decidedly of the opinion that those who may so desire, can move into that state [meaning Missouri] in safety.”132 In the Independence area, RLDS membership grew rapidly in the late 1870s and 1880s. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Those who chose to follow Brigham Young to the Great Basin of the American West realized that Zion (Jackson County) would be a considerable distance from where they were heading and intending to settle. However, the Redemption of Zion remained a matter of serious concern for these westward bound pioneers and for the rest of the membership of the Church. Indeed, Young voiced the matter four months prior to the departure of the first pioneer company from Winter Quarters. On January 14, 1847, Young received a revelation wherein he was told to “go thy way and do as I have told you … Zion shall be redeemed in mine own due time” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 136: 17–18).133 Five years later, with the physical redemption of Zion still fresh in the collective church mind, Young addressed a conference of the Church. In his discourse Young posed this rhetorical question: “When are we going back to Jackson county? Not until the Lord commands His people; and it is just as much as you and I can do to get ready to go, when He does command us.”134 The Redemption of Zion continued to be an oft-quoted theme in church conferences and meetings for the next half-century. Forty-seven years later, at a meeting of seven hundred church leaders held in the Salt Lake Temple on July 2, 1899, President Lorenzo Snow preached: “The time for returning to Jackson County is much nearer than many suppose and it is the faithful that will be selected to go.”135 1879–1920: The Return to Zion Continues The Church of Christ: A Chapel and a Hope of Reconciliation In the years following the 1867 return to Independence, the Church of Christ had yet to erect a temple or a meetinghouse on their site. They numbered less than a hundred members and perhaps lacked the requisite resources to do so.136 However, possibly spurred on by the construction activity of their rival, the RLDS Church, the Church of Christ conference authorized construction of a house of worship in April 1884.137 However, it was not until April 6, 1887, that a committee was appointed to undertake the construction of “a house of worship … on the Temple grounds.”138 Their 16 x 25 feet building was completed in 1889.139 In January 1900, less than one year after The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints President Lorenzo Snow’s pronouncement regarding a return to Jackson County,140 Elders John R. Haldeman and George P. Frisbey of the Church of Christ arranged for a meeting at the headquarters of the Reorganized Church of Jesus of Christ of Latter Day Saints with the First Presidency of the latter, consisting of Joseph III, Alexander H. Smith, and Edmund L. Kelley. The Church of Christ’s specific concern was “agreeing upon a common ground upon which the two organizations might unite in an effort to prosecute the work of ‘gathering,’ and the building of the temple at Independence, Missouri,” considered a key element in the Redemption of Zion by both churches.141 At the Lamoni, Iowa meeting, Haldeman proposed that two representatives from the Church of Christ travel to Utah. They hoped to meet with the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. They wanted the Church to consider participating in conversations with them and representatives of the RLDS Church in Independence in the near future. Although the overall plan was not explicitly endorsed, they were encouraged to proceed with their visit to Utah.142 On the afternoon of February 8, 1900, Elders George P. Frisbey and George D. Cole, as official representatives of the Church of Christ, met with the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, consisting of Lorenzo Snow, George Q. Cannon, and Joseph F. [Page 168]Smith. The Church of Christ elders stated that they “ought to take some steps towards placing this ground [the Temple Lot] so it can be used for the purpose indicated in the revelations,”143 specifically, the building of a temple.144 After two brief follow-up visits, a much anticipated third meeting was convened. Elders Frisbey and Cole expressed their feelings regarding the purpose of their trip to Salt Lake City to a much larger audience, including the three members of the First Presidency, seven members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and two members of the Presiding Bishopric.145 Afterwards, the Church of Christ brethren were excused so that church authorities could counsel privately.146 President Snow instructed those present to speak freely about the proposed conference and its purpose. However, rather than directly responding to the specific request, George Q. Cannon spoke instead about the 63.27 acres purchased by Bishop Edward Partridge in December 1831 for the young church.147 This acquisition, he pointed out, included the two-and-a-half-acre parcel then held by the Church of Christ. “Our hearts for years have inclined towards the center stake of Zion,” Cannon stated. He then explained that President Taylor created a fund for purchasing land in Jackson County and “the predominant idea in his mind was to watch for a favorable opportunity to buy land in Independence.”148 President Snow then stated that “President Cannon had expressed his views exactly in relation to the purchase of land [in Jackson County],” [Page 169]and confirmed that his mind “was tolerably clear in regard to the redemption of Zion … to purchase the land as opportunity presented without creating excitement.”149 In the discussion that followed, it was concluded that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints would not participate in the conference or the proposed temple project. The RLDS Church: Building of the Stone Church and Relocation of Church Headquarters In 1879, construction began on the Brick Church, the first building erected by the RLDS Church in Jackson County. However, the growing congregation dictated the purchase of a new site for a larger edifice. Property was subsequently acquired across the street from the Temple Lot on Lexington Avenue. By April 1892, the Stone Church was “ready for occupancy.”150 While no official statement was made by Joseph Smith III regarding the building of the Temple in Independence during the first twenty years of his presidency, an article presumably written by him as editor of the Church publication Saints Herald appeared in the June 1878 issue. It was titled “The House of the Lord, As Seen In Vision.” In the article Smith describes, in detail, what the Temple looked like in this highly personal experience.151 Years later in the May 1907 edition of Autumn Leaves (another publication of the Church), there appeared a full page rendition of a painting by Earnest A Webbe titled “Dream Of The Temple That Is To Be.” In the upper left, one can clearly see the completed 1892 Stone Church, thus indicating that the painting was completed between late 1892 and early 1907. Although a poem referencing “A temple fair,” and exhorting the “Saints” to “Prepare ye the way of the Lord,” was printed [Page 170]on the page facing the painting, there was no accompanying article, or further announcement at this time, regarding the construction of a Temple on the Temple Lot. It is noteworthy, however, that in the Webbe painting the Temple is clearly situated on the Temple Lot property owned by the Church of Christ.152 In another article appearing in the Saints Herald in August 1951, C. Ed Miller answered a reader’s question and provided this further insight into the vision of the temple as seen by Joseph Smith III: “Joseph Smith III had a wonderful vision of the temple which will by built on the Temple Lot in Independence, Missouri. He saw it completed and ready for use.” Miller continued to recite many of the particulars of the 1878 article as they related to the inquiry he was addressing.153 Further highlighting the importance of returning to the “center-place,” Joseph Smith III recalled his move of residence to Independence in 1906: “I did so … to fulfill, as I believed, a religious duty to become a resident of the place designated of old as Zion.”154 In April 1920, the RLDS Church voted to relocate the church’s headquarters from Lamoni, Iowa, to Independence. At the same conference the membership of the church endorsed President Frederick M. Smith’s recommendation that a “large auditorium be built in this city” in order “that the general conference might have an adequate building in which to meet.”155 In May 1921 the Saints’ Herald, primary publication voice of the church, also relocated to Independence.156 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Relocation of Mission Headquarters, Purchase of Land, and a Chapel The February 1900 meetings with the Church of Christ elders seems to have sparked new intensity by church leaders to “redeem Zion.” Only three months later, the First Presidency called James G. Duffin as president of the Southwestern States Mission, headquartered in St. John, Kansas,157 who, with obvious direction, moved mission headquarters to Jackson County in December 1900,158 and which encompassed Missouri. Over the next three-plus years Duffin initiated a quiet search for property near the Temple Lot. In April 1904, he acquired a twenty-six-acre parcel, which included twenty acres of the original Partridge purchase, from the Maggie C. Swope Estate for $25,000.159 The money provided to Duffin for this acquisition came from a fund established for the “purchase of land in Independence, Jackson County, Missouri, and the redemption of Zion.”160 Other property was later acquired.161 Samuel O. Bennion replaced Duffin as Central States Mission president in 1906. The following year Bennion162 moved the mission office of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from Kansas City to Independence to recently acquired property located to the east of the Temple Lot.163 Soon thereafter, arrangements were made for the publication of the Liahona magazine164 for the missions of the Church in the United States. Six months after launching the magazine, Bennion requested that at least four US mission presidents and two other interested individuals meet in Independence on September 9, 1907, to form a corporation to be known as Zion’s Printing and Publishing Company. The choice of the name encompassed the essence of the “Redemption of Zion” concept.165 Zion’s Printing and Publishing Company was incorporated in October 1907.166 Zion’s also began the production of missionary tracts, hymnals, and books.167 In 1912 ground was broken for a $25,000 chapel on the corner of Pleasant and Walnut and close to the mission home. The chapel was dedicated by President Joseph F. Smith in November 1914.168 1920–1994: The Redemption of Zion Continues The Church of Christ: Revelation to Build a Temple While a physical presence of these three church organizations had certainly been well established by the early 1920s, the building of the temple was another matter. However, on February 4, 1927, at his home in Port Huron, Michigan, Church of Christ Apostle Otto Fetting launched a dramatic effort toward building the temple on the Temple Lot.169 That morning, Fetting reported a visitation by a heavenly messenger, whom he subsequently identified as John the Baptist, wherein he was told: “The revelation that was given for the building of the temple was true and the temple soon will be started.”170 The church was commanded to erect the temple on the “sacred space” owned by the Church of Christ.171 On March 22, 1928, Fetting announced another angelic visitation and accompanying message. It specifically proclaimed that construction on the temple was to begin in the year 1929 and was to be completed within seven years.172 From the moment this message was broadcast throughout the church, the physical undertaking to build the House of the Lord would play a major role within the church for years to come. In accordance with the instructions given in vision to Fetting, the Church of Christ held an impressive groundbreaking ceremony on Saturday, April 6, 1929.173 The Kansas City architectural firm of Norman L. Wilkinson was hired in 1930 by the church to develop sketches and plans for the proposed edifice.174 When asked by a reporter for the local Independence Examiner regarding the cost of the proposed temple, Wilkinson replied: “the cost would be somewhere around a half million dollars.”175 The [Page 176]Kansas City Star headlined and showcased on the front page of their September 7, 1930, edition, the prepared sketches of the “Extraordinary Temple the Church of Christ Has Begun To Build.”176 [Page 177]In 1946, the city of Independence offered to backfill, at the city’s expense, the 1930s excavation site for the temple.179 Currently, the Church of Christ has no plans for the physical construction of the House of the Lord, even though the church does continue to maintain a temple fund.180 The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints: Temple Plans and Revelation Acquiring the land for the eventual building of the temple had been an ongoing function of the RLDS Church for many years.181 Prophet-President Frederick M. Smith, in his April 6, 1926, conference address to the church stated: And must I mention still before us the great task of building ultimately the Temple to which we have all looked forward? I have not forgotten it. I do not forget it. For in my dreams of Zion it is always in a prominent place of perspective. Can words make it any plainer than the foregoing that the building of the Temple is yet in the future? We will await developments.182 In 1942, Smith asked Church Historian Samuel A. Burgess to look into whether the temple “might be shifted considerable from that spot [the Church of Christ’s 2.75 acres] and still be in the confines of the sixty-three acres.”183 Burgess answered two weeks later and advised Smith that: “Any spot can be with even reasonable certainty be pointed out … since no land was owned at the dedication it would seem that north and west should be as much consecrated as south and east.” He concluded: “In other words, the exact spot is not known.”184 Church members rejoiced in 1968 when Prophet-President W. Wallace Smith announced a revelation at the Church’s World Conference that proclaimed: “The time has come for a start to be made toward building my temple in the Center Place. It shall stand on a portion of the plot of ground set apart for the purpose many years ago by my servant Joseph Smith, Jr.” The site was selected by 1974.185 Ten years after selecting the specific site for the temple’s construction, the long-awaited revelation setting the building process in motion was announced by Prophet-President Wallace B. Smith (son of W. Wallace Smith) to Church members at the April 1984 World Conference: The temple shall be dedicated to the pursuit of peace. It shall be for the reconciliation and for healing of the spirit. It shall also [Page 178]be for a strengthening of faith and preparation for witness. … Therefore, let the work of planning go forward, and let the resources be gathered in, that the building of my temple may be an ensign to the world of the breadth and depth of the devotion of the Saints.186 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Visitors’ Center The property purchased by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1904 remained undeveloped until 1968. After two different attempts over the years by the City of Independence/Board of Education to purchase the property from the Church,189 and concerned about the reality of eminent domain by the city of Independence, the Church made an announcement in December 1967 for the present Visitors’ Center. Plans were quickly developed and formally approved in April 1968.190 A groundbreaking ceremony was held the following August.191 Interestingly, in the development of those plans in early 1967 by church architect, Emil Fetzer, and with input directly from Alvin R. Dyer and approval by President David O. McKay, the awareness of the Joseph Smith inspired, expanded, twenty-four temple complex prepared in early 1833 was definitely taken into consideration. On March 10, 1967, a meeting of Dyer and Fetzer was held with McKay in his Hotel Utah apartment office. Dyer recorded the highlights of this session in his diary: We reported to the President that our study in this direction was to undertake, if we could … to ascertain which of the temple buildings designated would presumably be located on that part of the temple land that the Church owned. This we had arrived at [and] would be concentrated upon, for the erection of a building for the purpose intended … the basic structure of which could be used at a future date as part of the temple complex. The proposed structure would be two stories high with a floor dimension of 61’0” x 87’0”, which dimension is the same as revealed to the Prophet Joseph as the size of the complex buildings.192 The Visitors’ Center stands on the northwest corner of the twenty-six acres at the intersection of Walnut and River streets. It is located south of the Community of Christ temple, and southeast of the chapel and headquarters’ offices of the Church of Christ. The edifice was dedicated on May 31, 1971, by President Joseph Fielding Smith.193 Perspectives of the Three Churches After 1994 Almost from its inception, the young Church of Christ, founded by Joseph Smith Jr. in April 1830, was imbued with a millenarian spirit. Asserting divine direction for the fast-growing church, Zion was, at first, only described as “on the borders by the Lamanites.” But with Smith’s [Page 180]visit to western Missouri in the summer of 1831, the city of Zion, or the New Jerusalem, was specifically situated in Jackson County with the center place designated as the village of Independence. Furthermore, the 1831 Church was told that the Millennial Temple was to be built “upon a lot not far from the courthouse.” For more than two years an attempt was made by members of the struggling Church to live the Law of Consecration and establish the city of Zion.194 That effort came to a tragic end in November 1833 when the Church was literally driven en masse out of Jackson County.195 The phrase “Zion shall be redeemed,” specifically meaning a physical return to Jackson County, was first proclaimed by Smith in October 1833. With the reestablishment of a physical presence in Jackson County by the Church of Christ in 1867, followed by the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in 1877, and then in 1900 by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Redemption of Zion was undertaken in a most literal sense. However, today, little is said publicly of the Redemption of Zion by any of the various branches of the Restoration Movement. The three churches discussed in this essay will now be highlighted regarding their thoughts and positions on the center place, the New Jerusalem, the importance of the Temple Lot, and the Millennium. Church of Christ In 1952 there were rumors that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had offered a large sum of money, perhaps a million dollars, for the two and three-quarters acres owned by the Church of Christ. Historian and author Craig S. Campbell interviewed Apostle William Sheldon in December 1990 regarding those rumors. Sheldon told Campbell that at one time The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints “offered us a blank check” for the property.196 Beginning in 2005, I had the pleasure and opportunity to meet with Apostle Sheldon on many occasions. At one such occurrence, I asked him: “What amount would it take for the Church of Christ to sell the Temple Lot?” His answer: “You could offer us a million dollars or a postage stamp. We would not take either.”197 On another occasion, I asked [Page 182]Sheldon a question regarding the church’s position on trying, again, to build the Millennial Temple on their property. He replied: “The temple was not a core objective of the church” and added “the primary focus of the church is missionary work and building up the Kingdom of God.”198 Sheldon also stated: “The Church of Christ considers as their sacred duty to be not only the physical custodian of the property [the Temple Lot], but, additionally, and more importantly, the spiritual custodian of the Kingdom of God.”199 Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Of significance in reviewing the more recent events in the post-1994 era and future of the Temple Lot from the perspective of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was the change of their name. As early as 1992 delegates to the World Conference of the Church asked the First Presidency to recommend a “much shorter institutional name.” The discussion continued over the next eight years. Finally, at the 2000 World Conference, the delegates voted to change the name to Community of Christ while legally retaining the incorporated name. The change became effective on April 6, 2001.200 The Community of Christ takes the position that the Church has built the temple “in the Center Place”201 as envisioned by Joseph Smith in 1831. In accordance to revelatory instruction given to Prophet-President [Page 183]W. Wallace Smith and to his successor Prophet-President Wallace B. Smith, the “plot of ground set apart for this purpose … by my servant Joseph Smith, Jr.” was selected for “building my temple in the Center Place.” The temple was dedicated in April 1994.202 At the time of the “groundbreaking” ceremony in 1990, wanting to clarify the church’s position regarding the Millennium, Smith stated to a reporter: “We are not building our temple as a means of signaling the Second Coming.”203 The RLDS Church produced a brochure in 1978 titled: The Temple: Ensign of Peace. One of the attractive pages is headed: “The Dream is Now: Purposes of the Temple.” The opening statement states simply: “The Temple will stand as a symbol of life’s deepest and truest meanings … as an architectural symbol revealing the contemporary meaning of the life and ministry of JESUS CHRIST.” Of the several statements listed, there are no comments regarding the Millennium or the New Jerusalem.204 Quoting again from Craig S. Campbell, he remarked: The RLDS Church in the twentieth century has reversed direction from a millenarian and literal theology toward a more diverse nonmillennial doctrinal atmosphere. … While other Latter Day Saint groups have had difficulty sanctifying space in Independence, in many ways the nonmillennialization of the Temple Lot area is the opposite. The [Community of Christ] is desanctifying space, perhaps because, consciously or unconsciously, it feels the history of the Saints, especially Missouri history, is too difficult to reconcile with modern culture treads. … If one looks beyond the substantial dissent, the church has created for itself novel and powerful meanings for the twenty-first century. But these are far from traditional Latter Day Saint symbolism.205 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints During the past fifty or sixty years little has been said by authorities of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints regarding the Redemption of Zion, the city of the New Jerusalem, the Millennium, or the temple or temples to be built in the center place. Perhaps the most written commentary on the subjects relative to this discussion of the events relating to the city of New Jerusalem and the Millennium Temple are found in Bruce R. McConkie’s, subject-oriented, Mormon Doctrine, which first appeared in 1958.206 Under the [Page 184]heading “New Jerusalem” he stated that “the city of New Jerusalem will be built on the American continent.” McConkie continued: “it is to be built by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; Jackson County, Missouri, is the spot designated by revelation for its construction.” He added, however, “It shall be built when the Lord directs.”207 And under the heading “Zion,” McConkie points out that the city of Zion is also called New Jerusalem and reiterates that it will be built in Jackson County.208 In 1972, Alvin R. Dyer, apostle and former member of the First Presidency, published an enlarged edition of his history of the early church in Missouri, containing glowing reports of the expansion of the Church’s holdings in the area. In his preface, Dyer emphasized that the prophetic history and future of the area “is a vital subject to every Latter-day Saint. … And come what may, in the time of the Lord, we, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have a committed destiny in the ‘center place.’”209 As part of the United States bicentennial fervor, the Church published The Great Prologue: A Prophetic History And Destiny of America in 1976. Apostle and author Mark E. Peterson wrote that the culmination of America’s divine calling would occur when “the great modern City of New Jerusalem will be built in Jackson County, Missouri.” He added: “It is the center of the land, and there the city of Zion, or the New Jerusalem, will be built, a place of refuge and peace for the latter days.”210 Interestingly, only three years later in 1979, the Church quietly edited its tenth Article of Faith. Prior to this date it had declared “that Zion will be built upon this [the American] continent.”211 Beginning with the 1979 publication of the scriptures, the tenth Article of Faith now reads “that Zion (the New Jerusalem) will be built upon the American continent.”212 While some may dismiss this rewording as a long-overdue edit or nothing more than a simple clarification, the fact that the name of the millennial city of New Jerusalem was added to the language specifically, and shortly after the publication of The Great Prologue, certainly signified that the Church had not discounted or distanced itself from the early revelations given to the Prophet Joseph Smith in 1830 and 1831. Rather, the Church subtly added significance to this tenet of basic belief. During the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the Church has continued to quietly acquire land, not only in Jackson County, but throughout western Missouri.213 Campbell, in concluding his thoughts on this topic in a chapter headed “LDS Views Since 1900,” made this statement: Despite church growth, the Kansas City area remains a paradox of the LDS realm. Some say that hesitation is bred of uncertainty, but the LDS Church does not want to cause undue millenarian speculation and unrest among the members.214 Nearly forty years later, after dedicating the Visitors’ Center, and to meet the needs of a growing church membership the surrounding three-state area, the Church announced plans to construct a temple in the Kansas City vicinity on October 4, 2008.215 The groundbreaking ceremony took place on May 8, 2010.216 An impressive dedication ceremony occurred on May 6, 2012.217Rather than utilizing the twenty-six acres purchased in 1904, the Church built the temple near the city of Liberty in Clay County, twelve miles north of Independence and across the Missouri River. However, as those who listened to the October 2020 General Conference will attest, there has never been in recent memory more prophetic emphasis on the topics of the “gathering of Israel”218 and the work of “preparing ourselves and the world for the Second Coming of the Lord.”219 What else is required? How is it to be attained? And, perhaps, most importantly, what further direction will be forthcoming regarding the Millennial Temple and the city of New Jerusalem? Regarding [Page 186]the ultimate fulfillment implied in the adage “Redemption of Zion”, perhaps the statement of Apostle William Sheldon (Church of Christ) is applicable to all of the expressions of the Restoration. He said: “We will simply await the Lord’s further direction.”220 His thoughts are not much different from those of Bruce R. McConkie, who wrote in 1958, referring to the New Jerusalem and its attendant Millennial Temple: “It shall be built when the Lord directs.”221 One thing is certain about the future of the Temple Lot in the “center place” of Zion. In a revelation given to Joseph Smith on December 16, 1833, the Lord reminded his prophet: “There is none other place appointed than that which I have appointed; neither shall there be any other place appointed than that which I have appointed, for the work of the gathering of my saints” (LDS Doctrine and Covenants 101:17, 20; RLDS Doctrine and Covenants 98:4g–h). [Page 187]Notes for Figures 1. George Edward Anderson Glass Plate Negative Collection, 1897-1927, PH 725, Church History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah. Photo taken in 1907. 2. Photo by R. J. Addams, 2018. 3. Map prepared by Alexander L. Baugh, R. J. Addams, and Christopher Higham in 2019. Baugh and Higham are members of the faculty/staff at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 4. Photo by R. J. Addams, 2020. 5. Photo by R. J. Addams, 2013. 6. Church History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, MS 2568 1. Revised drawing prepared at the direction of Joseph Smith, Jr. in Kirtland, Ohio, in 1833 by Frederick G. William. The drawing was carried by Orson Hyde and John Gould to Edward Partridge and others in Independence, Missouri, in September 1833. Used with permission. 7. Church History Library, MS 2568 1. 8. Church History Library, MS 2567. Original drawing prepared at the direction of Joseph Smith, Jr. in Kirtland, Ohio, in 1833 by Frederick G. William and mailed to Edward Partridge and others in Independence, Missouri, in June 1833. Used with permission. 9. Photos by R. J. Addams, 2016. 10. Photo courtesy of William (Bill) Curtis (b. 1936), Inde-pendence, Missouri. Used with permission. 11. Steel engraving by Frederick Piercy, in James Linforth and Frederick Piercy, Route from Liverpool to Great Salt Lake Valley (Liverpool; Franklin D. Richards; London: Latter-Day Saints’ Book Depot, 1855), 64. Brigham Young University, Harold B. Lee Library, Special Collections, VQ M273.41 P611r 1855 copy 2. https://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/digital/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/17396/ (accessed March 8, 2021). Public Domain. 12. Linforth and Piercy, Route from Liverpool, 112. 13. Painting by John Willard Clawson, dated 1936. Gospel Media, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Permission for noncommercial use. [Page 188]https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/media/image/lds-prophet-lorenzo-snow-clawson-c6e5fc5?lang=eng (accessed March 7, 2021). 14. Photo courtesy of Bill Curtis. Used with permission. This is the first known photo of the Temple Lot. The chapel was completed in 1889 and the photo taken presumably shortly thereafter. 15. Photo courtesy of the Church of Christ (Temple Lot), Independence, Missouri. Used with permission. The photo is noted “1890s.” 16. a. Photo courtesy of Bill Curtis. Used with permission. Date of photo is ca 1890s. b. Photo courtesy of Community of Christ Library-Archives, Independence, Missouri. With permission. Photo undated. Rachael Killebrew, librarian-archivist, has graciously facilitated my research and requests for material and other information. 17. Photograph of painting by Earnest Webbe, “Dream Of The Temple That Is To Be,” Autumn Leaves 20, no. 5 (May 1907), 193. http://www.latterdaytruth.org/pdf/100069.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021). Webbe, a professional illustrator, was born in Brixton, Surrey, England in 1876 and later immigrated to the United States. https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=6598&h=10440179&indiv=try&o_cvc=Image:OtherRecord (accessed February 28, 2021). 18. Photo courtesy of Special Collections and Archives, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, A-0409. Used with permission. Date of photo is ca 1910. 19. Photocopies of the receipts were generously provided to the author by Thomas and William Smart (Salt Lake City, Utah, and Kirtland, Washington, respectively), grandsons of William H. Smart to whom the receipts were written in 1904 and 1905. Photocopies provided in 2006. These receipts and other related documents have susequently been donated to the William H. Smart Collection, Special Collections, Marriott Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 20. Photo courtesy of Bill Curtis. Used with permission. Date of photo is ca 1907. 21. Photo courtesy of Bill Curtis. Used with permission. Date of photo is post-1914. [Page 189]22. Photo courtesy of Paul D. Savage (b. 1951), Grain Valley, Missouri. Otto Fetting was born in 1871 and died in 1933. Photo undated. 23. Photo courtesy of the Church of Christ (Temple Lot). Used with permission. The photo is dated April 6, 1929. 24. Zion’s Advocate 7, no. 17 (November 1, 1930), front cover. http://www.cocsermons.net/zions_advocate/Zions_Advocate_1930_11_November.pdf (accessed March 8, 2021). 25. Photograph by C. Ed Miller, courtesy of the Church of Christ (Temple Lot). Used with permission. The photo is ca 1935. 26. Photo courtesy of Community of Christ Library-Archives. Used with permission. Date of photo is ca 1992-1993. 27. Photo courtesy of Ronald E. Romig (b. 1948), Independence, Missouri. Used with permission. Date of photo is 2017. 28. Photo of original 1935 document courtesy of Community of Christ Library-Archives. Used with permission. At the request of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints the Hands Surveying Company of Kansas City, Missouri was hired to prepare a “Plat of the Original Temple Lot” sold by J. H. Flournoy to Edward Partridge on December 19, 1831. 29. Aerial layout map of “Independence Temple Lot” (as of 2017) courtesy of cartographer John Hamer (b. 1970), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Used with permission. 30. Photocopy courtesy of Community of Christ Library-Archives, Independence, Missouri. With permission. Date of image is 1935. No date of when this image was initially microfilmed is available. 31. Kansas City Missouri Temple, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/temples/details/kansas-city-missouri-temple?lang=eng (accessed March 8, 2021).

<urn:uuid:8fbf0d7c-9249-490a-b265-756aeba9c4a9>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://journal.interpreterfoundation.org/the-past-and-future-of-the-temple-lot-in-independence-jackson-county-missouri/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

The rules are ultimately up to you as a parent. However, through trial and error we have come up with some recommended guidelines: 1. What is the exchange rate? We have found that the formula of 1/2 hour of reading = 1 hour of video or game time is the fairest. The reason for twice the video time is becasue 1/2 hour on a game system is next to nothing. A child may not even be able to finish 1 game in a 1/2 hour. We want this to be fair and not a punishment. 2. There is no credit. The child should read BEFORE they play the game system, not the other way around. 3. The child may “bank” hours they have read to earn a longer session of gaming. 4. Reading homework does count. Give your child one more incentive to turn in their assignments. 5. When they get tired of one computer game or game system, they will want a different form. Make the same deal for every, “next big thing”. 6. Use the readforxbox system year round. Data shows most kids are losing ground in the summer and on extended vacations. Your child will gain ground while others are losing ground. 7. Is it only xbox that we are talking about? No! Use the system for xbox, Playstation, DS, and any other game system. Any game on a smart phone or similar device also counts. Be creative. 8. What if I don’t have a game system? Make a deal before you buy your child an expensive item such as an ipod or smartphone. You will buy the item if they agree to read 3 times per week. You and I know you’re going to buy it anyway, why not make it work for you and your child?

<urn:uuid:a472d8c3-6374-4f16-a699-df85119ff650>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://readforxbox.com/the-rules-of-readforxbox

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

Global Astrophysical Telescope System that can track centimetre-sized objects is now complete One of the world’s most advanced telescopes for tracking objects circling the Earth has now been launched. The third component of the Global Astrophysical Telescope System (GATS), the activated component is the PST3 telescope cluster in the dark sky reserve at the Nature Education Centre in Chalin near Sieraków. A system of three specialized astronomical observatories at three locations on two continents - two in Europe and one in North America - the system which can detect objects as small as a few centimetres long was developed by the Astronomical Observatory Institute of the Adam Mickiewicz University with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science and the National Science Centre. The first GATS system telescope - the Poznań Spectroscopic Telescope 1 (PST1) - was built in 2007 in Borówiec near Poznań. It is a remote-controlled, dual photometric and spectroscopic instrument, equipped with the highest resolution and stability optical astronomical spectrograph in Poland. PST1 is mainly used for asteroid observations. The second component of the GATS system - Roman Baranowski Telescope / Poznań Spectroscopic Telescope 2 (RBT/PST2) - was built in 2011. In 2013, it was moved to the Winer Observatory in Arizona (USA). It is the most robotic telescope of the Adam Mickiewicz University. From 2019, it is part of the European artificial satellite tracking system created by the European Space Surveillance and Tracking (EU SST) Support Framework established in 2014. In quarterly tests, it regularly achieves the highest accuracy of measurements of the positions of artificial Earth satellites among all optical instruments of the entire framework. The construction of the third component of the GATS system, the PST3 telescope cluster, started in 2019. It was launched during the remote connection of the AMU Astronomical Observatory with the Nature Education Centre in Chalin near Sieraków. PST3 consists of five telescopes and can thus be used for various types of astronomical observations and for testing the latest models of astronomical digital cameras and modern software. Adam Mickiewicz University said: “It is one of the world's most advanced optical systems for tracking artificial satellites, enabling the detection and tracking of even a few centimetre-sized objects in low orbits around the Earth (at a distance of several hundred kilometres from the observer).” The PST3 telescope cluster set has been submitted to the EU SST Support Framework. Together with other GATS instruments, it will be used to carry out the latest European Space Agency projects implemented by the Astronomical Observatory Institute of the Adam Mickiewicz University. PAP - Science in Poland

<urn:uuid:7d682a16-67f0-4e71-bc10-93f32091084b>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://scienceinpoland.pl/en/news/news%2C92878%2Cglobal-astrophysical-telescope-system-can-track-centimetre-sized-objects-now

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

192.168.1.254 is a private IP address used by many routers and various other internet-enabled devices to identify themselves on a local network. Notwithstanding its abnormal appearance, 192.168.l.l is the default IP address of many switches, and there’s a decent possibility that you’ll experience it if you at any point choose to change your Wi-Fi name, secret phrase, or pretty much some other setting. At the point when the vast majority envision a web address, they envision nothing like 192.168.1.254. Even though 192.168.1.254 may resemble an abnormal location to somebody who doesn’t have a lot of involvement in PC organizations, there’s entirely odd about it. Its IP tends have been held for private organizations by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open guidelines’ association that creates and advances willful Internet norms, and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), a not-for-profit private American enterprise that manages worldwide IP address distribution. The IP address 192.168.1.254 has a place with a location range that has been held for private organizations. Each gadget that interfaces with your home organization will get a comparable location, with the last digit differing. The gadgets associated with your home organization will then, at that point, use your switch and the 192.168.1.254 as the default entryway to get to the web, and your switch will deal with everything to integrate your public IP address to your home network. The IP address runs that are saved for private organizations are the following 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.25510.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255. PCs shaped private organizations associated with one another yet not by outside networks or the Internet. Every PC in a private organization involves a private IP address space, implying that no PC outside the organization can find that address or speak with that PC. Although the design is strange in private companies, it is utilized by certain activities taking care of secret or exceptionally touchy data, with a progression of benefits and impediments for the independent venture. The Internet is loaded with extraordinary substance; however, it likewise contains something reasonable of malignant applications and clients – everything from Trojans and infections to worms and programmers. The undeniable benefit of a private organization is that, by not being associated with outer organizations or the Internet everywhere, a private organization is just not presented with these dangers. With normal information penetration costing an association $6.6 million in lost business and fixed costs, as shown by an investigation by the Ponemon Institute, the security of a private organization can be an important benefit to an independent venture managing touchy substance. By not being associated with outer organizations, a private organization is additionally not powerless against specialized troubles outside the organization. Issues like misfortunes in Internet availability or outer worker blackouts don’t influence the exhibition of a private organization. Private organizations rely just upon the hardware that makes up the organization to work. That implies that any issue in the organization, for example, inside spread infections or a failing worker, can be addressed by adjusting the organization gear, instead of sitting tight for an answer from an Internet supplier or worker administrator. Inconvenience: Maintenance Costs While it very well might be baffling to rely upon far-away workers and specialist organizations for network availability, the upside of enormous, worldwide organizations, for example, the Internet is that the expense of keeping up a network foundation can be split between a huge number of clients. On account of a private organization, the expense of worker space and connective gear lays totally on a solitary organization administrator. Private organizations where one PC is associated with an outside organization can likewise require expanded arrangement and upkeep since that PC needs to use two IP locations to impart over the private organization and with outer organizations. Not being associated with different organizations is a blade that cuts both ways. While the seclusion of a private organization ensures expanded security, it likewise makes it outlandish for network IP locations to go onto public organizations to speak with different PCs. No data enters the organization from different organizations – no email, outside information, or computerized programming refreshes – and no data can leave the organization onto different organizations without being genuinely moved. Regarding an independent company office in a private organization, your workers could send information to one another however neither send nor get information from customers, providers or sellers.

<urn:uuid:80463c34-0197-485a-b8d9-484f230744b1>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://sflcn.com/the-192-168-1-254-ip-address/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are just that – enormous blasts of radio waves from space that only last for a fraction of a second. This makes pinpointing their source a huge challenge. In follow-up research, published today in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, we have taken one of these new detections – known as FRB 171020 (the day the radio waves arrived at Earth: October 20, 2017) – and narrowed down the location to a galaxy close to our own. This is the closest FRB detected (so far) but we still don’t know what causes these mysterious radio bursts that can contain more energy than our Sun produces in decades. Waves in space As radio waves travel through the universe they pass through other galaxies and our own Milky Way before arriving at our telescopes. The longer radio wavelengths are slowed down more than the shorter wavelengths, meaning that there is a slight delay in the arrival time of longer wavelengths. This difference in arrival times is called the dispersion measure and indicates the amount of matter the radio emission has travelled through. FRB 171020 has the lowest dispersion measure of any FRB detected to date, meaning that it hasn’t travelled from half way across the universe like most of the other FRBs detected so far. That means it originated from relatively nearby (by astronomical standards). By using models of the distribution of matter in the universe we can put a hard limit on how far the radio signal has travelled. For this particular FRB, we estimate that it could not have originated from further than a billion light years away, and likely occurred much closer. (Our Milky Way galaxy is about 100,000 light years across.) This distance limit, combined with the sky area we know the FRB came from (an area half a square degree - or roughly two full Moons across) enormously narrows down the search volume to look for the host galaxy. A region of the sky this size typically contains hundreds of galaxies. We used giant optical telescopes in Chile – including the appropriately named Very Large Telescope and Gemini South – to derive distances to these galaxies by either measuring their redshifts directly, or by using their optical colours to estimate their distance. This allowed us to drastically reduce the number of possible galaxies within the distance limit to just 16. By far the closest, and we believe most likely to host the FRB, is a nearby spiral galaxy called ESO 601-G036. This is 120 million light years away – making this FRB host almost our next door neighbour. What is particularly striking about this galaxy is that it shares many similar features to the only galaxy known to produce FRBs: FRB 121102. This FRB is also known as the repeating FRB due to its – so far unique – property of producing multiple bursts. This helped astronomers locate it to a small galaxy about more than 3 billion light years away. ESO 601-G036 is similar in size, and forming new stars at about the same rate, as the host galaxy of the repeating FRB. But there is one intriguing feature of the repeating FRB that we don’t see in ESO 601-G036. In addition to repeat bursts of radio emission, the repeating FRB emits lower energy radio emission continuously. Using CSIRO’s Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in Narrabri, NSW, we have searched for this persistent radio emission in ESO 601-G036. If it was anything like the repeater’s galaxy, it should have a boomingly bright radio source in it. We saw nothing. Not only did we find that ESO 601-G036 doesn’t have any persistent radio emission, but there are no other galaxies in our search volume that show similar properties to that seen in the repeating FRB. This points to the possibility that there are different types of fast radio bursts that may even have different origins. Finding the galaxies that FRBs originate from is a big step towards solving the mystery of what produces these extreme bursts. Most FRBs travel much further distances so finding one so close to Earth allows us to study the environments of FRBs in unprecedented detail. The hunt for more Unfortunately, we can’t say with absolute certainty that ESO 601-G036 is the galaxy that FRB 171020 came from. The next big hurdle in understanding what causes FRBs is to pinpoint more of them. If we can do that we’ll be able to work out not only exactly which galaxy an FRB occurred in, but even where within the galaxy it occurred. If FRBs occur within the central nuclei of galaxies, this could perhaps point to black holes as their source. Or do they prefer the outskirts of galaxies? Or regions where a lot of new stars have recently formed? There are still so many unknowns about FRBs. Several radio telescopes around the world are commissioning systems to pinpoint bursts. Our study has shown that by combining observations from radio and optical telescopes we’ll be able to paint a complete picture of FRB host galaxies, and be able to finally determine what causes these FRBs.

<urn:uuid:adc6baf8-d7ea-4ef5-ab54-25b0214833cf>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://theconversation.com/the-search-for-the-source-of-a-mysterious-fast-radio-burst-comes-relatively-close-to-home-105735

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

- View Clipboard Menu Microsoft Word For Mac 2011 - View Clipboard Menu Microsoft Word For Mac Pro - Open The Clipboard In Word - View Clipboard In Word All text you copy or cut in Word 2016 is stored in a location called the Clipboard. That’s the standard cut/copy/paste holding bin for text, but in Word the Clipboard is more powerful than in other Windows programs. Specifically, you can use the Clipboard task pane to examine items cut or copied, and paste them again in your document in any order. View Clipboard Menu Microsoft Word For Mac 2011 Mar 26, 2019 Where is the Clipboard on my Mac? The Clipboard can be found via the Finder App on any Mac, and runs in the background of your computer while you’re working away. Following the three steps below, you can view the Clipboard contents on your Mac at any time. Click on Edit from the top menu. Choose Show Clipboard. Nov 22, 2017 Open an MS Office app. Look for the Paste button. It should be on the Home tab in all apps. At the bottom right of the Paste button, you will see a little arrow next to the word ‘Clipboard’. Mar 10, 2016 Select desired Items do a Copy. Open the utility and paste in the box. Give it an appropriate shortcut Keystroke (can be a word with a modifier. Then when the need arises, type the shortcut, and the item is inserted. To copy a chunk of text from the task pane to your document, heed these steps: Microsoft odbc driver manager download. Oct 04, 2018 If you use a clipboard manager app on Windows 10, updating to the Windows 10 October 2018 update may negate the need for it. This new version lets you store your clipboard history and recall a previous entry with a simple keyboard shortcut. Here’s how you can view clipboard history on. Apr 11, 2008 Operating System: Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) Processor: intel. Hi, I'm a recent switcher to Mac computers, and I'm having trouble finding the clipboard in Word 2008. I just want to be able to copy a bunch of stuff, then go back to my Word Document and pick and choose what to copy, where. 1Click the dialog box launcher in the lower-right corner of the Clipboard group on the Home tab, right next to the word Clipboard. The Clipboard pane then appears in the writing area of the Word window. The scrolling list contains the last several items you copied, not only from Word but perhaps from other programs, as well. Place the insertion pointer in your document where you want the pasted text to appear. Click the Home tab. Is it true I can download free software? There are two main ways: 1) Your school or department web store. Microsoft outlook for mac free. We carry software that are essential for students – including SPSS, Microsoft, and more – for up to 90% off retail price! Find out what savings your school is offering with our! FAQs How can I get academic software deals through OnTheHub? In the Clipboard group, click the dialog box launcher. You see the Clipboard task pane, along with all text cut or copied since you’ve started the Word program, similar to what’s shown here. Position the mouse pointer at an item in the task pane. A menu button appears to the right of the item. Click the menu button and choose the Paste command. The text is pasted into your document. Unlike using the Ctrl+V keyboard shortcut, or the Paste button on the Ribbon, you can paste text from the Clipboard in any order, and even summon text you copied or cut hours ago or text you copied or cut from other Microsoft Office programs. When you cut or copy a block of text in Word 2010, the block is placed into a storage area known as the Clipboard. In Word, the Clipboard can hold more than one thing at time. You can copy, copy, copy and then use the special Clipboard pane to selectively paste text back into your document. The technique is called collect and paste: 1Click the dialog box launcher in the lower-right corner of the Clipboard group on the Home tab, right next to the word Clipboard. The Clipboard pane then appears in the writing area of the Word window. The scrolling list contains the last several items you copied, not only from Word but perhaps from other programs, as well. 2Position the insertion pointer in your document where you want to paste the text. Otherwise, text from the Clipboard gets pasted wherever the pointer happens to be. 3In the Clipboard pane, simply click the mouse on the chunk of text that you want to paste into your document. The text is copied from the Clipboard and inserted into your document at the insertion pointer’s location, just as though you typed it yourself. Alternatively, you can click the Paste All button to paste every item from the Clipboard into your document. View Clipboard Menu Microsoft Word For Mac Pro 4To remove a single item from Word’s Clipboard, point the mouse at that item and click the downward-pointing triangle to the right of the item. A shortcut menu opens. 5Select Delete from the menu. Open The Clipboard In Word That lone item is zapped from the Clipboard. 6To whack all items on the Clipboard, click the Clear All button at the top of the Clipboard task pane. View Clipboard In Word You can’t undo any clearing or deleting that’s done in the Clipboard task pane.

<urn:uuid:e535d6d1-ab89-495e-a5bf-b157f9f589af>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://v2n.netlify.app/view-clipboard-menu-microsoft-word-for-mac.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

Andrea Mantegna: "Mars, Venus, and Diana." Click on image for full size Image courtesy of Corel Corporation. Ares was the Greek god of war, was identified with the Roman god, Mars. He always acted like a strong warrior and a strong desire for violence. He enjoyed the great noise of battle, and he loved bloody warfare. Conflict and mindless killing was how he liked to spend the day. Mars was the father of the famous Roman heroes Romulus and Remus who founded the city of Rome. For that reason, He was believed to come to the aid of Romans in times of crisis. You might also be interested in: How did life evolve on Earth? The answer to this question can help us understand our past and prepare for our future. Although evolution provides credible and reliable answers, polls show that many people turn away from science, seeking other explanations with which they are more comfortable....more Gaea, or Mother Earth, was the great goddess of the early Greeks. She represented the Earth and was worshipped as the universal mother. In Greek mythology, she created the universe and gave birth to both...more Following the defeat of the Titans by the Jovian gods, Hades obtained the kingdom of the underworld. One day, while he was riding through the field of battle, the goddess Aphrodite had her companion Eros...more In Roman mythology, Jupiter was the king of heaven and Earth and of all the Olympian gods. He was also known as the god of justice. He was named king of the gods in the special meeting that followed his...more Neptune was the name that ancient Romans gave to the Greek god of the sea and earthquakes, Poseidon. He was the brother of Jupiter (Zeus) and of Pluto (Hades). After the defeat of their father Saturn (Cronos),...more Following the defeat of the Titans by the Jovian gods, Pluto obtained the kingdom of the underworld. One day, while he was riding through the field of battle, the goddess Venus had her companion, Cupid,...more Poseidon was the Greek god of the sea and earthquakes. Poseidon was depicted as a bearded man with long hair, holding a trident and accompanied by dolphins and fish. He had the reputation for having a...more In Greek mythology, Cronus was the son of Uranus and Gaea. He lead his brothers and sisters, the Titans, in a revolt against their father and became the king of the gods. He married the Titan Rhea. They...more

<urn:uuid:eff1efad-0092-4d82-bbc7-73bc7b798a67>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://windows2universe.org/mythology/Definitions_gods/Mars_def.html&dev=1

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

Curated and Reviewed by Lesson Planet: Curated OER International Acts of Kindness Day Young scholars perform acts of kindness on International Acts of Kindness Day and invite others to join in the celebration. 3 Views 3 Downloads - This resource is only available on an unencrypted HTTP website. It should be fine for general use, but don’t use it to share any personally identifiable information - Folder Types - Activities & Projects - Graphics & Images - Handouts & References - Lab Resources - Learning Games - Lesson Plans - Primary Sources - Printables & Templates - Professional Documents - PD Courses - Study Guides - Performance Tasks - Graphic Organizers - Writing Prompts - Constructed Response Items - AP Test Preps - Lesson Planet Articles - Interactive Whiteboards - Home Letters - Unknown Types - All Resource Types - Show All See similar resources: Random Acts of Kindness For KidsLesson Planet: Curated OER Develop a world-wide, email chain on which class members can showcase their acts of kindness. After defining the meaning of random acts of kindness through discussion and through a reading of Random Acts of Kindness,... K - Higher Ed English Language Arts Characters in Live PerformanceLesson Planet: Curated OER Your intermediate or advanced thespians choose dramatic scenes to perform in duos, small groups, or solo to demonstrate vocal and physical characterization. Use class time to prepare and rehearse. Detailed rubrics work for peer assessment. 9th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Celebrate Your CultureLesson Planet: Curated OER After a class discussion about celebrations and customs, class members draw pictures depicting special events from their family cultures. Next, they draw pictures of an event from a different culture and share their work with classmates. 3rd Social Studies & History Theater Lesson PlanLesson Planet: Curated OER How do actors so inhabit a role that viewers see that character and not the actor? Class members engage in a series of activities that ask them to observe the ways people move and speak and to consider how these external factors can be... 9th - 12th English Language Arts Come From Away: A New MusicalLesson Planet: Curated OER On September 11, 2001, 38 international flights were diverted to Gander airport, a small Newfoundland town. The rest is the history, and the genesis of the musical that tells the heartwarming story of how the town's residents and the... 6th - 12th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable Plant a Seed of KindnessLesson Planet: Curated OER Students perform acts of kindness. In this character activity, students cut out seed shapes and write down their acts of kindness on them. Students place the seeds on a bulletin board where they "plant" them below the grass line. K - 3rd Social Studies & History Living the Dream: 100 Acts of KindnessLesson Planet: Curated OER Inspire kindness in and out of school with a lesson plan that challenges scholars to perform 100 acts of kindness during the time between Martin Luther King Jr. Day to Valentine's day. Leading up to a celebration of friendship, learners... K - 2nd Social Studies & History CCSS: Designed A Kindness TreeLesson Planet: Curated OER Children record instances when they witness kindness on paper flowers. The flowers are posted on a class tree. Children may also journal and add art to the tree. This lovely idea can be utilized during any part or throughout the entire... Pre-K - 1st Visual & Performing Arts Information about The International Acts of Kindness Day (IAKD)Lesson Planet: Curated OER Middle and high schoolers take part in the International Acts of Kindness Day. In a simple lesson, some ideas are presented which your charges can choose from. For example: donating to charity, sending notes of thanks, or developing a... 8th - 11th Social Studies & History

<urn:uuid:eb31129c-a27a-4f93-a8af-172ffd67b83c>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/international-acts-of-kindness-day-k-12th

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

With all the votes counted on Monday morning, it is now clear that 46.8 percent of elected members of parliament will be women. There will be 164 women in the lower chamber sitting alongside 186 men – 26 more women than there were in the last legislature. - Spain's general election: What next? - ANALYSIS: Spain chooses left-wing regional diversity while Vox divides the right - What do the Spanish election results mean? - OPINION: 'Election result brings welcome reassurance for Brits living in Spain' The share of the votes to each party according to final results. The figure represents the first time that the share of women lawmakers has risen above 40 percent. It will come as no surprise, considering the make-up of Pedro Sanchez’s cabinet that in fact women outnumber men in the ranks of the PSOE. 64 of the 123 new MPs are women. But the number of women representing the PP also outnumbers the men in the party. 34 of the 66 conservative deputies are women. Ciudadanos has 21 female MPs of the 57 representatives chosen for parliament – just 36.8 percent and Unidos Podemos falls short of equality with less than half – 20 out of 42 MPs – being women. The far-right Vox party which campaigned using virulent rhetoric against what it dubs “radical feminism” which it believes “criminalises” men counted just 9 women among its 24 MPs. This is the fifth general election since Spain introduced an equality law requiring a balance of male and female candidates. The 2007 Equality Law brought in by Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero requires that no one sex exceeds the ratio of 60-40.

<urn:uuid:9e01745a-5b54-4471-a509-3276079fe6e4>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://www.thelocal.es/20190429/spain-just-elected-its-most-feminist-parliament-ever/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00488.warc.gz

en

Ancient works of art illustrate that music had a strong presence in daily life of classical Greece and Rome. Vase paintings and sculptures in the antiquities collection offer an eye-opening view of the variety of musical instruments that were played, as well as the contexts in which they were performed. By looking closely at works of art, we know that music played a role in rituals associated with Dionysos, the Greek god of theater and wine. Music, like wine, was perceived to have transformative qualities, transporting one’s consciousness from a state of awareness to ecstasis. The front panel of this Roman sarcophagus shows a Dionysiac revel, in which a symphony of instruments—from the aulos to the tympanum, the lyre to the kymbala—is played by maenads and satyrs alike. Like today, music also played an important role at parties. One of the primary sources for understanding ancient music is artifacts used in and depicting the symposion (symposium), a male drinking party reserved for the aristocrats of Greek society. This drinking cup illustrates several musicians in action. Entertainers play the krotala and the aulos while dancers move to their rhythms. While few actual instruments or musical notations survive, iconography on works of art informs us quite a bit about possible performance techniques, the timbre of an instrument, how instruments were made, and the ways ancient instruments connect to modern-day ones. At the Getty Villa, we took this idea a step further by inviting the contemporary musical duo Musicàntica for a series of artist-at-work demonstrations in February and May 2012. Art might provide a lot of information, but images of music really need a soundtrack. Enzo Fina and Roberto Catalano, who make up Musicàntica, explore the oral traditions of the Italian outlier: the music of the southern Italian peasantry, fishermen, and street vendors whose musical history is passed from generation to generation by untrained players. While thousands of years separate Musicàntica from their ancient counterparts depicted in works of art at the Villa, their instruments connect them across time. As part of their repertoire, Musicàntica highlights instruments that are directly connected to their ancient roots. For example, the benas, a single and double Sardinian reed clarinet, has its roots in the aulos, an ancient wind instrument like the modern clarinet and oboe. Ancient musicians used the circular breathing technique, a method in which a player inhales from the nose, fills his cheeks with air, and slowly blows it out of the instrument in a circular fashion. The sound was continuous but imposed a great deal of stress on the musician. To play the benas, Roberto wore a phorbeia, a leather strap used by ancient aulettes (players of the aulos) to compensate for the stress on the cheeks and lips caused by blowing into the instrument. And in this video clip, Enzo Fina demonstrates how he plays the ancient tympanum using its direct modern descendant, the frame drum. While today’s instruments give us a sense of what their ancient counterparts might have sounded like, reconstructions can be just as informative. In the video below, Roberto Catalano improvises on a replica chelys lyre, tuned in the Dorian mode. The name derives from the Greek word for the shell of a tortoise, chelys, which functioned as the sound box. According to Greek myth, the first lyre was made by the god Hermes from a tortoise shell, as well as the horns and hide of an ox stolen from his brother, Apollo. This lyre has a sounding box made from the shell of the European tortoise, once plentiful in Europe, and wooden arms. These examples show that ancient music has not fallen silent! To explore ancient music further, here are two of my favorite sources: sounds of ancient papyri with evidence of musical notations, sound bites, and a bibliography, and reconstructed ancient instruments and more sound examples.

<urn:uuid:8f937f2f-c4a6-40d7-9b30-44ff63404534>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

http://blogs.getty.edu/iris/what-did-ancient-music-sound-like/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00488.warc.gz

en

The number of people holding cryptocurrencies today is higher than ever before. For instance, Blockchain.com’s wallet usage reached 81 million in 2022. Similar service providers are recording equally impressive numbers. Cryptocurrencies, especially bitcoin, increased in popularity during the coronavirus pandemic as people sought alternative means to beat inflation. Accordingly, demand for crypto wallets grew – because people have to keep the coins somewhere safe. While knowledge of crypto is improving worldwide, few people understand related aspects, such as crypto wallets. If you’re reading this, count yourself a part of the growing population whose crypto-sophistication level is improving. This article goes under the hood to explain and describe crypto wallets with a particular focus on the difference between hot and cold wallets. What is a cryptocurrency wallet? In the traditional sense, a wallet is a bag or case for holding money. Note that, in this case, the wallet is a ‘thing’ because it holds physical money – banknotes, coins, or bank cards. But what does it become when the money ceases to be a thing? Cryptocurrency is a digital asset domiciled on a blockchain platform. Accordingly, a crypto wallet is a software that allows you to store and transfer cryptocurrency. The wallet could be a device, such as a flash drive or a mobile or desktop platform program. But the differences with physical wallets do not end there. For example, crypto wallets do not carry the actual coins, even in their digital form. Instead, the device or program merely holds the keys to your coins. Let’s explain further: Cryptocurrency is digital money used in a centralized or peer-to-peer system to transfer value, such as Bitcoin. Technically, crypto is encrypted data hosted on a blockchain network. To move or alter the data, one must have the proper credentials and permissions; otherwise, the process will not succeed. This is where the concept of keys comes in. In cryptography, a key is a technology that validates the authenticity of data through encryption and decryption. When transacting in the cryptocurrency ecosystem, you’ll come across two keys – public and private keys. - Public key – this works similarly to an address that identifies you when transacting with crypto. Think of it as a bank account number or an email address that enables you to send and receive messages. As such, the key is sharable. - A private key is a string of numbers and letters that should be kept secret. If the public key is the bank account/email address, the private key is the password that gives you access to the account. When sending or receiving crypto coins, the private key identifies you as the rightful owner of the crypto wallet, and the transaction should proceed. What about hot and cold wallets? We know that crypto wallets do not store actual coins, but instead, they hold the keys to the assets. The wallets merely facilitate your interaction with the blockchain that hosts the cryptocurrency. Specifically, they let you move coins elsewhere and allow others to see the balance in your wallet, and vice versa. As you interact with crypto wallets further, you’ll notice variations. For example, we already mentioned that the wallet could be software installed on a desktop computer or smartphone or a device such as a flash drive. Consequently, one can place crypto wallets into two broad categories: hardware and software wallets. - Hardware wallets include wallets that are physical devices that users can plug into a computer to complete transactions. - Software wallets are pieces of software installed on a smartphone or desktop. But what about hot and cold wallets? A hot wallet is one that users can access if only there is internet access. The holder’s keys are held in a secure web server accessible online. Also, the hot wallet can fall into either of the two broad categories of crypto wallets. On the other hand, a cold wallet is what you might have already guessed, a crypto wallet accessible offline. The holder’s keys are stored locally, on the desktop, smartphone, a flash drive, or even a piece of paper. A typical cold wallet falls under the hardware crypto wallet category. Hot vs. cold wallets Besides accessibility online or offline, hot and cold wallets differ in many other ways that we will explore here. Hot crypto wallets Hot wallets are sometimes called web-based wallets, and they are also the most common. To understand why they are familiar, let’s consider an illustration. Suppose you sign up for an account on a crypto exchange, such as Coinbase. Usually, most crypto exchanges offer to store the coins for you in custodial wallets. But let’s say you download a desktop wallet on your computer or an app on your smartphone because it is fast and straightforward to set up – you’ll be setting up a hot wallet. Pros of hot wallets - Hot wallets are always connected to the internet, thus easy to use. For example, some hot wallet service providers offer them as browser extensions, making access a tap or click away. - Also, hot wallets are easily accessible and convenient. Think of the smartphone application. You always carry your mobile phone around, and there is no chance you’ll need to access your wallet only to realize that you left the phone at home. Cons of hot wallets - Hot wallets are not ideal for holding large amounts of crypto because of an elevated risk of hacking. The fact that hot wallets are always online means hackers have the time to fiddle around for unauthorized access. - To some extent, users do not have complete control over their coins. We know that hot wallets store users’ private keys on a secure web server operated by a hot wallet service provider. If bad actors hijack the service provider’s equipment, users are likely to lose their keys. Cold crypto wallets A cold wallet is anything where you can access your keys without internet access. It includes a piece of paper with your public and private keys written on it. Suppose you buy Bitcoins from your favorite exchange and, instead of downloading a browser extension for storing the coins, you order a USB stick, such as Ledger, from Amazon. You’ll then hook the device to your computer and complete the transfer of the coins. While at it, you’ll notice that the device will ask for a passcode before giving you access. Thus, you must have the physical device in hand and the passcode to use the cold wallet. Pros of cold wallets - Security is cold crypto wallets’ strongest suit. We saw that they are accessible offline, hence unsusceptible to internet-based bad actors. Also, there is an extra layer of security, the passcode. Your coins are entirely safe if you can keep the passcode secret. - Cold wallets give you complete control over your keys and the coins because everything is stored locally. - Because of the solid security, cold wallets are ideal for storing a massive amount of crypto. In fact, this is the preferred storage method for many crypto-related businesses, such as exchanges. Cons of cold wallets - Cold wallets are inconvenient and almost impractical for everyday usage. A typical crypto holder wants to take advantage of price swings in the market. However, the cumbersome nature of moving coins from a cold wallet impairs users’ ability to exploit the full potential of crypto price fluctuations. - Users have greater responsibility to guard the coins. If anything goes wrong, say you lose the passcode to the USB stick or recovery phrase, you assume 100% liability. On the contrary, hot wallet service providers might refund users if hackers compromise their webservers. Which wallet should you choose? Your choice of an ideal crypto wallet heavily depends on various factors. For example, what is the goal for buying crypto? A cold wallet seems appropriate if you acquire the coins to ‘HODL.’ HODLing (short for Hold On Dear Life) is a cryptocurrency investment strategy where investors sit on their coins through various cycles – recession and appreciation – and would only sell at a price that generates sufficient returns. In such a case, there is no immediate need to transfer the coins, which makes sense to store them in a cold wallet. However, a hot wallet would be ideal if you intend to play the market volatility. This investment strategy involves frequent buying and selling the given crypto to cash in on the fluctuating prices. Thus, you’ll need easy access to the coins because sometimes you might need to make several transactions in a day. Is it possible to get the best of both worlds? So far, the market does not have wallets with both hot and cold characteristics, and perhaps it is because such a feat would be impossible. A wallet is either hot or cold; no two ways about it. Nevertheless, people have developed ingenious tricks to achieve the impossible. A great example would be to use a dedicated mobile phone as a crypto wallet. You’d download a hot wallet onto the phone and only turn it on when it is time to make a transaction. So, the wallet is cold when the phone is off and becomes hot when you switch on the phone and connect it to the internet. Genius.

<urn:uuid:5fe3dca2-8077-4acb-b128-232c5541f5a7>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

http://cryptonewsdaily.com/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00488.warc.gz

en

LONDON — The variety of outbreaks of illnesses that jumped from animals to people in Africa has surged by greater than 60% within the final decade, the World Well being Group mentioned, a worrying signal the planet might face elevated animal-borne illnesses like monkeypox, Ebola and coronavirus sooner or later. There was a 63% rise within the variety of animal illnesses breaching the species barrier from 2012 to 2022, as in comparison with the last decade earlier than, the U.N. well being company mentioned in a press release on Thursday. There was a selected spike from 2019 to 2020, when illnesses originating in animals that later contaminated people, made up half of all vital public well being occasions in Africa, mentioned WHO. Illnesses like Ebola and different hemorrhagic fevers have been liable for 70% of these outbreaks, along with diseases like monkeypox, dengue, anthrax and plague. Learn Extra: What Is Monkeypox and Should You Be Worried? “We should act now to include zoonotic illnesses earlier than they’ll trigger widespread infections and cease Africa from turning into a hotspot for rising infectious illnesses,” WHO’s Africa director, Dr. Matshidiso Moeti mentioned in a press release. Whereas illnesses in animals had contaminated folks for hundreds of years in Africa, latest developments like faster journey throughout the continent have made it simpler for viruses to cross borders, she mentioned. WHO additionally famous that Africa has the world’s fastest-growing inhabitants, which will increase urbanization and reduces roaming areas for wild animals. Scientists additionally worry that outbreaks which will have as soon as been contained to distant, rural areas can now unfold extra rapidly to Africa’s massive cities with worldwide journey hyperlinks, that may then carry the illnesses world wide. In the course of the West Africa Ebola outbreak that started in 2014, it was not till the illness arrived in capital cities that its unfold turned explosive, finally killing greater than 10,000 folks and arriving in a number of cities in Europe and the U.S. Till Could, monkeypox had not been identified to trigger vital outbreaks past central and West Africa, the place it has sickened folks for many years. Based on the U.S. Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention, there are actually greater than 11,000 cases worldwide in 65 international locations, nearly all of which had not beforehand reported monkeypox. WHO introduced that it’ll maintain an emergency assembly subsequent week to evaluate if monkeypox must be declared a worldwide emergency. Final month, the company mentioned the outbreak didn’t but warrant the declaration however mentioned it might overview points comparable to the likelihood that monkeypox could be infecting extra susceptible populations like youngsters, and whether or not the virus is inflicting extra extreme illness. Extra Should-Learn Tales From TIME

<urn:uuid:a3f3b7f9-967c-4888-9b23-491d783ca33a>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://healthtricktips.com/outbreaks-from-animals-in-africa-surge-by-60-in-last-decade/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00488.warc.gz

en

In a previous post, we described some reasons why it is beneficial to pay interest on required reserve balances. Here we turn to arguments in favor of paying interest on excess reserve balances. Former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and former Vice Chairman Donald Kohn recently discussed many potential benefits of paying interest on excess reserve balances and some common misunderstandings, including that paying interest on reserves restricts bank lending and provides a subsidy to banks. In this post, we focus primarily on benefits related to the efficiency of the payment system and the reduction in the need for the provision of credit by the Fed when operating in a framework of abundant reserves. Excess Reserve Balances and the Implementation of Monetary Policy Excess reserve balances are reserves held by banks above their reserve balance requirements. Banks aren’t required to hold excess reserve balances and they can adjust the level of their holdings by borrowing or lending reserves. However, the aggregate amount of reserves in the banking system is controlled by the Fed, as explained in this article. Before the Fed could pay interest on reserves, keeping excess reserves scarce was essential to implement monetary policy. Since reserves did not earn interest, they had to be scarce, relative to banks’ demand, to have value. To adjust the value of reserves to target the federal funds rate—the unsecured rate at which banks borrow reserves overnight in the federal funds market (and the policy rate of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)), the Fed would increase or decrease the supply of reserves in small amounts. All else equal, a small increase in the amount of reserves supplied lowered the effective federal funds rate. Likewise, a small decrease in reserve supply raised the effective federal funds rate. The old operating framework was not without its costs. As explained in a recent speech by Lorie Logan, a senior vice president in the New York Fed’s Markets Group heading Market Operations Monitoring and Analysis, quantity-based monetary policy implementation is resource-intensive, requiring staff at the New York Fed and the Fed Board of Governors to forecast reserve demand and supply, and to conduct frequent open market operations. The minutes from the November 2016 FOMC meeting also note the need for frequent open market operations in this type of framework. The authority to pay interest on reserve balances provided the Fed an important tool for implementing monetary policy. Instead of relying on small adjustments to the quantity of reserves to target a level of market rates, the Fed can steer market rates by adjusting the return banks earn on the balances held overnight in their Fed accounts. That is, by raising or lowering the rate paid on excess reserves, the Fed can alter the value banks place on reserves and influence rates in the federal funds market. Since the Fed can implement monetary policy through a rate-based rather than a quantity-based mechanism, it has the flexibility to provide a greater supply of reserves while still controlling short-term interest rates. Some Benefits of a Large Reserve Supply Conducting monetary policy with a relatively abundant supply of reserves has multiple benefits: First, it makes the U.S. payment system more efficient and, second, it reduces the reliance of the financial system on intraday and overnight credit from the Fed. We discuss each effect in turn. In an Economic Policy Review article (summarized on Liberty Street Economics), Morten Bech, Antoine Martin, and James McAndrews show that interbank payments occur earlier in the day when the supply of reserves increases. This finding is evidence that banks are more willing to relinquish reserves early and are therefore engaging in less economizing and hoarding of reserves, making the payment system more efficient. When reserves are scarce, banks are more reliant on the reserves they receive from other banks to make their own payments than when reserves are more abundant. So reserve scarcity exposes the payment system to a greater risk that a disruption at one bank could spill over and affect the system as a whole. Also, having a larger share of payments settled early reduces the potential consequences of a late day operational disruption. McAndrews and Alexander Kroeger recently updated the earlier study and found that the benefits persist even with a very high level of reserves. In another Liberty Street Economics post, Rodney Garratt, McAndrews, and Martin show that the amount of intraday credit the Fed needs to extend to banks to cover daylight overdrafts (a negative balance in a bank’s Fed account at any point in the day) is much lower when the supply of reserves is high. The Fed provides intraday credit to healthy banks through collateralized, daylight overdrafts. The collateral a borrowing bank posts protects the Fed from the credit exposure. A large supply of reserves gives banks a sizable buffer to make payments throughout the day without needing to wait for the receipt of other payments or relying on daylight credit from the Fed or other counterparties. This reduces reliance on the Fed without affecting the availability of settlement liquidity. In fact, the ability of banks to make payments without incurring an overdraft may contribute to the earlier settlement of payments mentioned above. In addition to needing less daylight credit, banks require less overnight credit in the form of discount window loans when reserves are abundant. The relatively abundant reserve environment means that fewer banks are caught short of balances at the end of the day, or at the end of a reserve maintenance period, which can lead to a scramble for funds, a spike in the federal funds rate, and banks occasionally accessing the discount window. Nevertheless, preparations to borrow at the discount window remain an important part of banks’ contingent liquidity preparations. Banks have posted about $1.5 trillion in collateral to the Fed so that they are ready to borrow should they need a backup source of funding. The lendable value of collateral pledged by all depository institutions is published in the footnotes of Table 5 of the Quarterly Report of Federal Reserve Balance Sheet Developments. The authority to pay interest on reserves is an important tool that most central banks around the world possess. Before the financial crisis, the Fed’s monetary policy implementation framework relied on reserve requirements and frequent Fed interventions in the market to manage a scarce reserve supply. Paying interest on required reserve balances was sought to reduce banks’ incentives to engage in wasteful avoidance behavior, as described in our previous post. The current framework of abundant reserve supply fosters greater settlement liquidity while at the same time reducing banks’ reliance on the Fed for intraday and overnight credit provision. Despite the current high level of liquidity, the large amount of collateral posted to the Fed suggests that banks recognize the importance of the discount window as a means to access liquidity in unexpected circumstances. The views expressed in this post are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Antoine Martin is a senior vice president in the Bank’s Research and Statistics Group. Heather Wiggins is a senior financial analyst in the Federal Reserve Board of Governors’ Division of Monetary Affairs. How to cite this blog post: Laura Lipscomb, Antoine Martin, and Heather Wiggins, “Why Pay Interest on Excess Reserve Balances?,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Liberty Street Economics (blog), September 27, 2017, http://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2017/09/why-pay-interest-on-excess-reserve-balances.html.

<urn:uuid:d8accdbf-aeb1-442f-8d8d-91762f8e8967>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2017/09/why-pay-interest-on-excess-reserve-balances/

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00488.warc.gz

en

Richer nations around the world unsuccessful to continue to keep a $100 billion-a-year pledge to acquiring nations to assist them obtain their local weather objectives, according to an examination by the Corporation for Financial Cooperation and Improvement, or OECD. $83.3 billion in local climate financing was presented to poorer nations in 2020, a 4% raise from the previous year, but continue to small of the proposed purpose. The United Nations-backed payment system was first agreed in 2009 to assistance poorer nations adapt to the effects of local weather modify and lower emissions. The pledge, which was initially set up as an once-a-year determination from its inception right until 2020, has in no way been fulfilled. “We know that extra wants to be done” to deal with the shortfall, admitted OECD Secretary-Normal Mathias Cormann. Who pays for tackling and adapting to weather improve has been a vital sticking place amongst richer nations and poorer types given that international local weather negotiations commenced 30 decades ago. Harsen Nyambe, who heads the African Union climate modify and ecosystem division, advised the Associated Push the continent will go on to put force on richer nations to make sure the $100 billion-a-12 months agreement is fulfilled. He extra that the funds will give the continent greater accessibility to required technology and will enable nations changeover to inexperienced energy in a good way. But some others feel that soon after decades of unmet guarantees, it is unlikely that richer countries will start to step up. “They do not have the cash. They are more than-fully commited with issues these as Ukrainian crisis and that is why they have been unable to fulfill any of their pledges,” reported Godwell Nhamo, a weather investigation professor at the University of South Africa. “Africa ought to transfer on and obtain other resources of funding,” he extra. A report launched by the British charity Oxfam in 2020 warned that the new raise in funding came in the sort of financial loans, not grants, with local climate-relevant financial loans rising from $13.5 billion in 2015 to $24 billion in 2018. The charity claimed at the time that achieving the $100 billion purpose in this way “would be lead to for problem, not celebration.” It’s unclear irrespective of whether the latest 12 months-on-12 months increase in local weather funding came in the variety of loans or grants. In current years, climate funding has aided fund greener electrical power and transport sectors for poorer nations, as properly as adaptation steps for the agriculture and forestry industries which are threatened by land degradation, in accordance to the OECD. ___ Linked Push climate and environmental coverage receives assist from quite a few personal foundations. See extra about AP’s local climate initiative listed here. The AP is only liable for all information.

<urn:uuid:9ea2a7f6-41ed-4f16-8ce9-77c97ff5770f>

CC-MAIN-2022-33

https://nextdoorbusiness.xyz/richer-nations-fall-short-on-climate-finance-pledge.html

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00488.warc.gz

en