rexarski/climate_fever_fixed · Datasets at Hugging Face

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540	The heatwave we now have in Europe is not something that was expected with just 1C of warming	The effects of climate change have been projected to make heat waves in places such as Europe up to five times more likely to occur.	0SUPPORTS	Heat wave
2,305	Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.	It is not unusual to see temperatures drop 20 °C (36 °F) from one day to another, or to have frost following extreme heat.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Córdoba, Argentina
2,901	Though CRU neglected to provide an exact list of temperature stations, it could not have hid or tampered with data.	On 27 July 2011 CRU announced that the raw instrumental data not already in the public domain had been released and was available for download, with the exception of Poland which was outside the area covered by the FOIA request.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Climatic Research Unit email controversy
2,887	He claimed "the planet is running a ’fever’ and the prognosis is that it is apt to get much worse."	If the disease is left untreated, the prognosis varies with the immune status of the individual patient and the severity of disease.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Dysentery
2,111	'Global warming' and 'climate change' mean different things and have both been used for decades.	Scientists have identified many episodes of climate change during Earth's geological history; more recently since the industrial revolution the climate has increasingly been affected by human activities driving global warming, and the terms are commonly used interchangeably in that context.	1REFUTES	Climate change (general concept)
1,144	It “certainly puts the kibosh on everyone saying that Antarctica’s ice is just going up and up,” Meier said.	However, it is the outflow of the ice from the land to form the ice shelf which causes a rise in global sea level.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Antarctica
967	He said: ‘We have had five warming cycles since about 900AD, each followed by a dramatic cooling cycle.’	The reflection of energy into space resulted in a global cooling, triggering the Pleistocene Ice Age.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Ice age
2,141	Satellite error inflated Great Lakes temperatures	The immense volume of water in the five Great Lakes holds heat that allows the lakes to remain relatively warm for much later into the year and postpones the Arctic spread in the region.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Great Lakes Storm of 1913
1,584	Renewables can't provide baseload power.	Generating electrical power from geothermal resources requires no fuel while providing true baseload energy at a reliability rate that constantly exceeds 90%.	1REFUTES	Geothermal gradient
2,521	The atmosphere of the Earth is less able to absorb shortwave radiation from the Sun than thermal radiation coming from the surface.	This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Atmosphere of Earth
1,141	“While record low sea ice is nothing new in the Arctic, this is a surprising turn of events for the Antarctic.	"Record Arctic sea ice minimum confirmed by NSIDC".	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Climate change in the Arctic
451	The idea that the much smaller carbon dioxide cycle is now controlling the water cycle is not very likely.	The amount of heat trapping gases emitted into Earth's oceans and atmosphere are predicted to prevent the next glacial period, which otherwise would begin in around 50,000 years, and likely more glacial cycles.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Ice age
815	Evidence is growing that the comparatively cold zone within the Northern Atlantic could be due to a slowdown of this global ocean water circulation.	The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates at the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Thermohaline circulation
1,655	Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.	Attributing detected temperature changes and extreme events to human-caused increases in greenhouse gases requires scientists to rule out known internal climate variability and natural external forcings.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
3,122	Yet clouds reflect about seventy-five watts per square meter.	If the extraterrestrial solar radiation is 1367 watts per square meter (the value when the Earth–Sun distance is 1 astronomical unit), then the direct sunlight at Earth's surface when the Sun is at the zenith is about 1050 W/m2, but the total amount (direct and indirect from the atmosphere) hitting the ground is around 1120 W/m2.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Sunlight
2,710	[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.	However, U.S. civilian nuclear power is considerably more expensive than wind power.	1REFUTES	Alternative fuel
1,665	The effects of enhanced CO2 on terrestrial plants are variable and complex and dependent on numerous factors.	The concentration of secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids can also be altered in plants exposed to high concentrations of CO 2.	0SUPPORTS	Carbon dioxide
995	“The Northern Hemisphere jet stream […] flow is stronger when that temperature difference is large.	The Westerlies and associated jet stream within the Mid-Latitudes can be particularly strong, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, due to the temperature difference between the tropics and Antarctica, which records the coldest temperature readings on the planet.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Pacific Ocean
1,484	the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is misleading humanity about climate change and sea levels, and that in fact a new solar-driven cooling period is not far off.	Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
555	In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier.	Fruits, including berries, become increasingly important during summer and early autumn.	0SUPPORTS	Brown bear
1,448	The top five countries for passenger aviation-related carbon emissions were rounded out by China, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany.	Nevertheless, the country's total greenhouse gas emissions were the highest in the EU in 2017[update].	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Germany
916	The acceleration is making some scientists fear that Antarctica’s ice sheet may have entered the early stages of an unstoppable disintegration.	As a result, the continental mass of the East Antarctic ice sheet is held at lower temperatures, and the peripheral areas of Antarctica, especially the Antarctic Peninsula, are subject to higher temperatures, which promote accelerated melting.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Antarctica
1,139	Mass coral bleaching is a new phenomenon and was never observed before the 1980s as global warming ramped up.	While localized triggers lead to localized bleaching, the large scale coral bleaching events of the recent years have been triggered by global warming.	0SUPPORTS	Coral bleaching
102	Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions.	It said that Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Scientific consensus on climate change
2,210	"[Models] are full of fudge factors that are fitted to the existing climate, so the models more or less agree with the observed data.	A good theory: Is elegant (Formal elegance; no ad hoc modifications) Contains few arbitrary or adjustable elements (simplicity/parsimony) Agrees with and explains all existing observations (unificatory/explanatory power) Makes detailed predictions about future observations that can disprove or falsify the model if they are not borne out.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Models of scientific inquiry
2,262	Since the hockey stick paper in 1998, there have been a number of proxy studies analysing a variety of different sources including corals, stalagmites, tree rings, boreholes and ice cores.	Several studies, including and have compiled box and gravity cores in the North Pacific analyzing them for palynological content to determine the distribution of dinocysts and their relationships with sea surface temperature, salinity, productivity and upwelling.	0SUPPORTS	Proxy (climate)
2,391	Greenland on the whole is losing ice, as confirmed by multiple satellite and on the ground field measurements.	Findings show that Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough to raise sea levels by almost 11mm (1.06cm).	0SUPPORTS	Greenland
344	Globally there’s no clear evidence of trends and patterns in extreme events such as droughts, hurricanes and floods.	The extremes of this climate pattern's oscillations cause extreme weather (such as floods and droughts) in many regions of the world.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	El Niño–Southern Oscillation
353	The bottom line is there’s no solid connection between climate change and the major indicators of extreme weather	Other likely changes are listed below: Increased areas will be affected by drought There will be increased intense tropical cyclone activity There will be increased incidences of extreme high sea level (excluding tsunamis) Storm strength leading to extreme weather is increasing, such as the power dissipation index of hurricane intensity.	1REFUTES	Physical impacts of climate change
2,963	When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.	The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations.	0SUPPORTS	Greenhouse gas
1,855	Barack Obama will help the Gulf Coast restore the wetlands, marshes and barrier islands that are critical to tamping down the force of hurricanes.	In foreign policy, he ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, continued the process of ending U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan in 2016, promoted discussions that led to the 2015 Paris Agreement on global climate change, initiated sanctions against Russia following the invasion in Ukraine and again after Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, brokered a nuclear deal with Iran, and normalized U.S. relations with Cuba.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Barack Obama
0	Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction	Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change, most immediately the environments of coral reefs, mountains, and the Arctic.	0SUPPORTS	Global warming
1,707	CO2 is increasing rapidly, and is reaching levels not seen on the earth for millions of years.	Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Carbon dioxide
774	The warming is extremely rapid on the geologic time scale, and no other factor can explain it as well as human emissions of greenhouse gases.	Before the Industrial Revolution, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases caused the air near the surface to be warmer by about 33 °C (59 °F) than it would be in their absence.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
2,650	The decline in tree-ring growth is openly discussed in papers and IPCC reports.	Scientific discussion takes place in journal articles that are peer-reviewed, which scientists subject to assessment every couple of years in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
2,277	Al Gore's film was "broadly accurate" according to an expert witness called when an attempt was made through the courts to prevent the film being shown in schools.	He ruled that the film could be shown to schoolchildren in the UK if guidance notes given to teachers were amended to balance out the film's one-sided political views.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Al Gore
373	Like countless other organisms, we move and adapt when the environment changes.	Efforts have been increasingly focused on the mitigation of greenhouse gases that are causing climatic changes, on developing adaptative strategies to global warming, to assist humans, other animal, and plant species, ecosystems, regions and nations in adjusting to the effects of global warming.	0SUPPORTS	Natural environment
555	In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier.	They often feed on a variety of plant life, including berries, grasses, flowers, acorns and pine cones, as well as fungi such as mushrooms.	0SUPPORTS	Brown bear
550	Last year, scientists published evidence that the conditions leading up to “stuck jet streams” are becoming more common, with warming in the Arctic seen as a likely culprit.	Warming temperatures in the Arctic may cause large amounts of fresh meltwater to enter the north Atlantic, possibly disrupting global ocean current patterns.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Arctic Ocean
1,103	[ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003	A 2012 paper in the journal Science examined the geological record in an attempt to find a historical analog for current global conditions as well as those of the future.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Ocean acidification
2,779	Europe and Asia emit most of the soot from burning coal, wood, dung, and diesel in open fires or without particulate filters in stoves, chimneys, smokestacks, and exhaust pipes.	Most of these fine particles are a by-product of... burning... coal, gasoline, diesel, wood, trash...	0SUPPORTS	Air pollution
41	More than 500 scientists and professionals in climate and related fields have sent a 'European Climate Declaration' to the Secretary-General of the United Nations	European Academy of Sciences and Arts in 2007 issued a formal declaration on climate change titled Let's Be Honest: Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Scientific consensus on climate change
2,086	Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming	Scientists attribute extreme weather to man-made climate change.	1REFUTES	Extreme weather
2,927	CO2 changes are closely related to temperature.	Climate sensitivity is the globally averaged temperature change in response to changes in radiative forcing, which can occur, for instance, due to increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO 2).	0SUPPORTS	Climate sensitivity
310	[data] show only slight warming, mostly at night and in winter	In winter, the climate becomes cooler and the days shorter.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Earth
216	[The 1990 IPCC report said] that the Antarctic ice sheets were stable	The ice sheet has historically been considered to be relatively stable and has therefore attracted less scientific attention and observations compared to West Antarctica.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Sea level rise
2,837	In fact, the rate of increase from September onward is the fastest rate of change on record, either upwards or downwards.	It then entered a pronounced decline, which accelerated markedly in October 2008.	1REFUTES	Financial crisis of 2007–08
2,406	This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.	Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light.	0SUPPORTS	Photosynthesis
76	Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.	The Moon may have dramatically affected the development of life by moderating the planet's climate.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Earth
190	Climate change is normal and continual.	increased emissions of greenhouse gases and dust) or natural (e.g., changes in solar output, the earth's orbit, volcano eruptions).	0SUPPORTS	Climate change (general concept)
1,648	A variety of different measurements find steadily rising sea levels over the past century.	Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia.	0SUPPORTS	Sea level rise
2,790	That model predicted that global temperature between 1988 and 1997 would rise by 0.45°C (Figure 1).	Over the same time period, the "likely" range (greater than 66% probability, based on expert judgement) for these scenarios was for a global mean temperature increase of 1.1 to 6.4 °C.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	General circulation model
57	Earth’s mean temperature over the last 2,000 years shows two previous periods when temperatures were warmer than they are now; from 1–200 A.D., an epoch called the Roman Warm Period, and more recently the Medieval Warm Period from 900–1100 A.D.	The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from c. 950 to c. 1250.	0SUPPORTS	Medieval Warm Period
2,620	"...the largest of all the positive or temperature-amplifying feedbacks in the UN’s arsenal is the water-vapor feedback.	The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming.	0SUPPORTS	Climate change feedback
61	[NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past[...]	""2016 Climate Trends Continue to Break Records".	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	NASA
451	The idea that the much smaller carbon dioxide cycle is now controlling the water cycle is not very likely.	If CO 2 capture was part of a fuel cycle then the CO 2 would have value rather than be a cost.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Carbon capture and storage
1,477	Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors of climate change, but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one.	Seventy-five of 77 believed that human activity is a significant factor in changing mean global temperatures.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Scientific consensus on climate change
2,691	There are a myriad of other radiative forcings that affect the planet's energy imbalance.	The radiation balance is altered by such factors as the intensity of solar energy, reflectivity of clouds or gases, absorption by various greenhouse gases or surfaces and heat emission by various materials.	0SUPPORTS	Radiative forcing
840	At four degrees, the deadly European heat wave of 2003, which killed as many as 2,000 people a day, will be a normal summer.	The European heat wave of 2007 affected primarily south-eastern Europe during late June through August.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	List of heat waves
2,773	Tree-ring proxy reconstructions are reliable before 1960, tracking closely with the instrumental record and other independent proxies.	As there are few instrumental records before 1850, temperatures before then must be reconstructed based on proxy methods.	0SUPPORTS	Temperature record of the past 1000 years
3,075	Multiple lines of evidence indicate Greenland's ice loss is accelerating and will contribute sea level rise in the order of metres over the next few centuries.	Findings show that Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough to raise sea levels by almost 11mm (1.06cm).	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Greenland
979	“Warm weather worsened the most recent five-year drought, which included the driest four-year period on record in terms of statewide precipitation.	A significant hydrological drought occurred in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1998, when the warm, dry summers were followed by dry, cool winters.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Drought in the United Kingdom
1,771	Peer-reviewed research, physics, and math all tell us that a grand solar minimum would have no more than a 0.3°C cooling effect, barely enough to put a dent in human-caused global warming.	Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Scientific consensus on climate change
2,819	More importantly, the OISM list only contains 39 scientists who specialise in climate science.	Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Antarctica
5	The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists	The Little Ice Age caused crop failures and famines in Europe.	0SUPPORTS	Weather
1,928	NASA Finds Antarctica is Gaining Ice,	"A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".	1REFUTES	Antarctica
1,655	Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.	Anthropogenic climate change is caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.	0SUPPORTS	Climate change (general concept)
2,021	Weather Channel co-founder John Coleman provided evidence that convincingly refutes the concept of anthropogenic global warming.	Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming.	1REFUTES	Scientific consensus on climate change
1,575	Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.	"Antarctic ice shelf disintegration triggered by sea ice loss and ocean swell".	1REFUTES	Sea ice
1,019	An additional kick was supplied by an El Niño weather pattern that peaked in 2016 and temporarily warmed much of the surface of the planet, causing the hottest year in a historical record dating to 1880.	An El Niño is associated with warm and very wet weather months in April–October along the coasts of northern Peru and Ecuador, causing major flooding whenever the event is strong or extreme.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	El Niño
5	The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists	The current consensus of the scientific community is that the aerosols and dust released into the upper atmosphere causes cooler temperatures by preventing the sun's energy from reaching the ground.	0SUPPORTS	Famine
2,062	Global warming is increasing the magnitude and frequency of droughts and floods.	Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall, but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
1,912	Julia Gillard her decision not to argue against a fixed carbon price being labelled a "carbon tax" hurt her terribly politically.	During the 2010 election campaign, Gillard also said that no carbon tax would be introduced under a government she led.	1REFUTES	Julia Gillard
67	Fifty-five thousand years ago the whole world was 2°C warmer than it is today[...]	This period of warmth ended about 5,500 years ago with the descent into the Neoglacial and concomitant Neopluvial.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Holocene
906	Goklany has argued that the rising level of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere ‘is currently net beneficial for both humanity and the biosphere generally.”	Both have the same net effect, but for achieving carbon dioxide concentration levels below present levels, carbon dioxide removal is critical.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Carbon dioxide removal
2,565	Human kind has little or nothing to do with the recent temperature changes.	According to these groups, there is natural variability that will abate over time, and human influences have little to do with it.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Climate change denial
1,898	If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.	In the temperate scenario this is sufficient to heat 200 litres of water by some 17 °C.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Solar water heating
79	The rate of warming according to the data is much slower than the models used by the IPCC	Since the start of the 20th century, the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased by more than 0.7°C and the rate of warming has been largest in the last 30 years.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Scientific consensus on climate change
2,120	Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995	He said there had probably been no global warming since the 1940s, and "Satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Hockey stick controversy
2,584	Once the atmosphere reaches a saturation point, additional input of CO2 will not really have any major impact.	Increased concentrations of gases such as CO 2 (~20%), ozone and N 2O are external forcing on the other hand.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
1,614	Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.	The Arctic sea ice September minimum extent (i.e., area with at least 15% sea ice coverage) reached new record lows in 2002, 2005, 2007, and 2012.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Climate change in the Arctic
2,593	[T]he study indicates “Greenland’s ice may be less susceptible to the massive meltdown predicted by computer models of climate change, the main author ... said in an interview. ...	"Arctic Permafrost Is Going Through a Rapid Meltdown — 70 Years Early".	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Climate change feedback
420	International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”	He further said that the IEA is overstating the role of shale in a global market, and how the core job of the IEA, is not to take things out of context.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	International Energy Agency
2,110	They changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'	Research in the 1950s suggested that temperatures were increasing, and a 1952 newspaper used the term "climate change".	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
705	policies based on previous climate model output and predictions might need to be reconsidered	These models are the basis for model predictions of future climate, such as are discussed by the IPCC.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	General circulation model
1,798	A few degrees of global warming has a huge impact on ice sheets, sea levels and other aspects of climate.	The rate of ice loss from glaciers and ice sheets in the Antarctic is a key area of uncertainty since this source could account for 90% of the potential sea level rise: increased ocean warmth is undermining and threatening to unplug Antarctic glacier outlets, potentially resulting in more rapid sea level rise.	0SUPPORTS	Global warming
1,381	It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century	Officially, the highest record for Sadovo is 41.2 degrees Celsius (106.16 degrees Fahrenheit), while the lowest is -30.7 degrees Celsius (-23.26 degrees Fahreheit).	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Sadovo
2,398	While there are direct ways in which CO2 is a pollutant (acidification of the ocean), its primary impact is its greenhouse warming effect.	The emission of greenhouse gases leads to global warming which affects ecosystems in many ways.	0SUPPORTS	Pollution
1,539	Climate change is due to cosmic rays.	He is known for his theory on the effects of cosmic rays on cloud formation as an indirect cause of global warming.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Henrik Svensmark
1,317	“…climate change will also reduce the number of cold days and cold spells.	Since 1950, the number of cold days and nights have decreased, and the number of warm days and night have increased.	0SUPPORTS	Global warming
846	In other words, we have, trapped in Arctic permafrost, twice as much carbon as is currently wrecking the atmosphere of the planet, all of it scheduled to be released at a date that keeps getting moved up, partially in the form of a gas that multiplies its warming power 86 times over.	When the permafrost melts, it releases carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and methane, both of which are greenhouse gases.	0SUPPORTS	Tundra
2,417	Mars, Triton, Pluto and Jupiter all show global warming, pointing to the Sun as the dominating influence in determining climate throughout the solar system."	It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
72	[O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]	Holstein, James A.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Narrative
2,591	We now know that the planetary energy balance is determined by the upper levels of the troposphere and that the saturation of the absorption at the central frequency does not preclude the possibility to absorb more energy.	Less energy reaches the upper atmosphere, which is therefore cooler because of this absorption.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Carbon dioxide
851	The last time the planet was even four degrees warmer, Peter Brannen points out in The Ends of the World, his new history of the planet’s major extinction events, the oceans were hundreds of feet higher.	The elevation of the land surface varies from the low point of −418 m (−1,371 ft) at the Dead Sea, to a maximum altitude of 8,848 m (29,029 ft) at the top of Mount Everest.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Earth
3,082	"However, a single scientist, Dr. Ben Santer of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, rewrote the draft at the IPCC’s request, deleting all five statements, replacing them with a single statement to the effect that a human influence on global climate was now discernible, and making some 200 consequential amendments.	The coalition report said that Benjamin D. Santer, the lead author of Chapter 8 in the assessment, entitled "Detection of Climate Change and Attribution of Causes," had altered the text, after acceptance by the Working Group, and without approval of the authors, to strike content characterizing the uncertainty of the science.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global Climate Coalition
2,165	Ben Santer rewrote the 1995 IPCC report	The IPCC published its First Assessment Report (FAR) in 1990, a supplementary report in 1992, a Second Assessment Report (SAR) in 1995, a Third Assessment Report (TAR) in 2001, a Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) in 2007 and a Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) in 2014.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1,399	Since the end of 2012, moreover, total polar ice extent has largely remained above the post-1979 average.	Arctic sea ice extent averaged for September 2012 was 3.61 million square kilometers (1.39 million square miles).	0SUPPORTS	Beaufort Sea
1,151	“Unlike genuine pollutants, carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odorless, colorless gas.	Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, but highly toxic.	1REFUTES	Carbon monoxide
2,992	The measurements of the amount of CO2 made at the Mauna Loa Observatory are accurate and uncontaminated by any emissions from the volcano.	Since 1958, initially under the direction of Charles Keeling, followed by his son Ralph and later Elmer Robinson, Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) has been monitoring and collecting data relating to atmospheric change, and is known especially for the continuous monitoring of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), which is sometimes referred to as the Keeling Curve.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Mauna Loa Observatory

540

The heatwave we now have in Europe is not something that was expected with just 1C of warming

The effects of climate change have been projected to make heat waves in places such as Europe up to five times more likely to occur.

0SUPPORTS

Heat wave

2,305

Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

It is not unusual to see temperatures drop 20 °C (36 °F) from one day to another, or to have frost following extreme heat.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Córdoba, Argentina

2,901

Though CRU neglected to provide an exact list of temperature stations, it could not have hid or tampered with data.

On 27 July 2011 CRU announced that the raw instrumental data not already in the public domain had been released and was available for download, with the exception of Poland which was outside the area covered by the FOIA request.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Climatic Research Unit email controversy

2,887

He claimed "the planet is running a ’fever’ and the prognosis is that it is apt to get much worse."

If the disease is left untreated, the prognosis varies with the immune status of the individual patient and the severity of disease.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Dysentery

2,111

'Global warming' and 'climate change' mean different things and have both been used for decades.

Scientists have identified many episodes of climate change during Earth's geological history; more recently since the industrial revolution the climate has increasingly been affected by human activities driving global warming, and the terms are commonly used interchangeably in that context.

1REFUTES

Climate change (general concept)

1,144

It “certainly puts the kibosh on everyone saying that Antarctica’s ice is just going up and up,” Meier said.

However, it is the outflow of the ice from the land to form the ice shelf which causes a rise in global sea level.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Antarctica

967

He said: ‘We have had five warming cycles since about 900AD, each followed by a dramatic cooling cycle.’

The reflection of energy into space resulted in a global cooling, triggering the Pleistocene Ice Age.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Ice age

2,141

Satellite error inflated Great Lakes temperatures

The immense volume of water in the five Great Lakes holds heat that allows the lakes to remain relatively warm for much later into the year and postpones the Arctic spread in the region.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Great Lakes Storm of 1913

1,584

Renewables can't provide baseload power.

Generating electrical power from geothermal resources requires no fuel while providing true baseload energy at a reliability rate that constantly exceeds 90%.

1REFUTES

Geothermal gradient

2,521

The atmosphere of the Earth is less able to absorb shortwave radiation from the Sun than thermal radiation coming from the surface.

This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Atmosphere of Earth

1,141

“While record low sea ice is nothing new in the Arctic, this is a surprising turn of events for the Antarctic.

"Record Arctic sea ice minimum confirmed by NSIDC".

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Climate change in the Arctic

451

The idea that the much smaller carbon dioxide cycle is now controlling the water cycle is not very likely.

The amount of heat trapping gases emitted into Earth's oceans and atmosphere are predicted to prevent the next glacial period, which otherwise would begin in around 50,000 years, and likely more glacial cycles.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Ice age

815

Evidence is growing that the comparatively cold zone within the Northern Atlantic could be due to a slowdown of this global ocean water circulation.

The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates at the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Thermohaline circulation

1,655

Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.

Attributing detected temperature changes and extreme events to human-caused increases in greenhouse gases requires scientists to rule out known internal climate variability and natural external forcings.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

3,122

Yet clouds reflect about seventy-five watts per square meter.

If the extraterrestrial solar radiation is 1367 watts per square meter (the value when the Earth–Sun distance is 1 astronomical unit), then the direct sunlight at Earth's surface when the Sun is at the zenith is about 1050 W/m2, but the total amount (direct and indirect from the atmosphere) hitting the ground is around 1120 W/m2.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Sunlight

2,710

[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

However, U.S. civilian nuclear power is considerably more expensive than wind power.

1REFUTES

Alternative fuel

1,665

The effects of enhanced CO2 on terrestrial plants are variable and complex and dependent on numerous factors.

The concentration of secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids can also be altered in plants exposed to high concentrations of CO 2.

0SUPPORTS

Carbon dioxide

995

“The Northern Hemisphere jet stream […] flow is stronger when that temperature difference is large.

The Westerlies and associated jet stream within the Mid-Latitudes can be particularly strong, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, due to the temperature difference between the tropics and Antarctica, which records the coldest temperature readings on the planet.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Pacific Ocean

1,484

the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is misleading humanity about climate change and sea levels, and that in fact a new solar-driven cooling period is not far off.

Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

555

In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier.

Fruits, including berries, become increasingly important during summer and early autumn.

0SUPPORTS

Brown bear

1,448

The top five countries for passenger aviation-related carbon emissions were rounded out by China, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany.

Nevertheless, the country's total greenhouse gas emissions were the highest in the EU in 2017[update].

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Germany

916

The acceleration is making some scientists fear that Antarctica’s ice sheet may have entered the early stages of an unstoppable disintegration.

As a result, the continental mass of the East Antarctic ice sheet is held at lower temperatures, and the peripheral areas of Antarctica, especially the Antarctic Peninsula, are subject to higher temperatures, which promote accelerated melting.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Antarctica

1,139

Mass coral bleaching is a new phenomenon and was never observed before the 1980s as global warming ramped up.

While localized triggers lead to localized bleaching, the large scale coral bleaching events of the recent years have been triggered by global warming.

0SUPPORTS

Coral bleaching

102

Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions.

It said that Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

2,210

"[Models] are full of fudge factors that are fitted to the existing climate, so the models more or less agree with the observed data.

A good theory: Is elegant (Formal elegance; no ad hoc modifications) Contains few arbitrary or adjustable elements (simplicity/parsimony) Agrees with and explains all existing observations (unificatory/explanatory power) Makes detailed predictions about future observations that can disprove or falsify the model if they are not borne out.

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Models of scientific inquiry

2,262

Since the hockey stick paper in 1998, there have been a number of proxy studies analysing a variety of different sources including corals, stalagmites, tree rings, boreholes and ice cores.

Several studies, including and have compiled box and gravity cores in the North Pacific analyzing them for palynological content to determine the distribution of dinocysts and their relationships with sea surface temperature, salinity, productivity and upwelling.

0SUPPORTS

Proxy (climate)

2,391

Greenland on the whole is losing ice, as confirmed by multiple satellite and on the ground field measurements.

Findings show that Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough to raise sea levels by almost 11mm (1.06cm).

0SUPPORTS

Greenland

344

Globally there’s no clear evidence of trends and patterns in extreme events such as droughts, hurricanes and floods.

The extremes of this climate pattern's oscillations cause extreme weather (such as floods and droughts) in many regions of the world.

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El Niño–Southern Oscillation

353

The bottom line is there’s no solid connection between climate change and the major indicators of extreme weather

Other likely changes are listed below: Increased areas will be affected by drought There will be increased intense tropical cyclone activity There will be increased incidences of extreme high sea level (excluding tsunamis) Storm strength leading to extreme weather is increasing, such as the power dissipation index of hurricane intensity.

1REFUTES

Physical impacts of climate change

2,963

When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations.

0SUPPORTS

Greenhouse gas

1,855

Barack Obama will help the Gulf Coast restore the wetlands, marshes and barrier islands that are critical to tamping down the force of hurricanes.

In foreign policy, he ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, continued the process of ending U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan in 2016, promoted discussions that led to the 2015 Paris Agreement on global climate change, initiated sanctions against Russia following the invasion in Ukraine and again after Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, brokered a nuclear deal with Iran, and normalized U.S. relations with Cuba.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Barack Obama

0

Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change, most immediately the environments of coral reefs, mountains, and the Arctic.

0SUPPORTS

Global warming

1,707

CO2 is increasing rapidly, and is reaching levels not seen on the earth for millions of years.

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Carbon dioxide

774

The warming is extremely rapid on the geologic time scale, and no other factor can explain it as well as human emissions of greenhouse gases.

Before the Industrial Revolution, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases caused the air near the surface to be warmer by about 33 °C (59 °F) than it would be in their absence.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

2,650

The decline in tree-ring growth is openly discussed in papers and IPCC reports.

Scientific discussion takes place in journal articles that are peer-reviewed, which scientists subject to assessment every couple of years in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

2,277

Al Gore's film was "broadly accurate" according to an expert witness called when an attempt was made through the courts to prevent the film being shown in schools.

He ruled that the film could be shown to schoolchildren in the UK if guidance notes given to teachers were amended to balance out the film's one-sided political views.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Al Gore

373

Like countless other organisms, we move and adapt when the environment changes.

Efforts have been increasingly focused on the mitigation of greenhouse gases that are causing climatic changes, on developing adaptative strategies to global warming, to assist humans, other animal, and plant species, ecosystems, regions and nations in adjusting to the effects of global warming.

0SUPPORTS

Natural environment

555

In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier.

They often feed on a variety of plant life, including berries, grasses, flowers, acorns and pine cones, as well as fungi such as mushrooms.

0SUPPORTS

Brown bear

550

Last year, scientists published evidence that the conditions leading up to “stuck jet streams” are becoming more common, with warming in the Arctic seen as a likely culprit.

Warming temperatures in the Arctic may cause large amounts of fresh meltwater to enter the north Atlantic, possibly disrupting global ocean current patterns.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Arctic Ocean

1,103

[ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

A 2012 paper in the journal Science examined the geological record in an attempt to find a historical analog for current global conditions as well as those of the future.

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Ocean acidification

2,779

Europe and Asia emit most of the soot from burning coal, wood, dung, and diesel in open fires or without particulate filters in stoves, chimneys, smokestacks, and exhaust pipes.

Most of these fine particles are a by-product of... burning... coal, gasoline, diesel, wood, trash...

0SUPPORTS

Air pollution

41

More than 500 scientists and professionals in climate and related fields have sent a 'European Climate Declaration' to the Secretary-General of the United Nations

European Academy of Sciences and Arts in 2007 issued a formal declaration on climate change titled Let's Be Honest: Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

2,086

Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming

Scientists attribute extreme weather to man-made climate change.

1REFUTES

Extreme weather

2,927

CO2 changes are closely related to temperature.

Climate sensitivity is the globally averaged temperature change in response to changes in radiative forcing, which can occur, for instance, due to increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO 2).

0SUPPORTS

Climate sensitivity

310

[data] show only slight warming, mostly at night and in winter

In winter, the climate becomes cooler and the days shorter.

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Earth

216

[The 1990 IPCC report said] that the Antarctic ice sheets were stable

The ice sheet has historically been considered to be relatively stable and has therefore attracted less scientific attention and observations compared to West Antarctica.

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Sea level rise

2,837

In fact, the rate of increase from September onward is the fastest rate of change on record, either upwards or downwards.

It then entered a pronounced decline, which accelerated markedly in October 2008.

1REFUTES

Financial crisis of 2007–08

2,406

This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light.

0SUPPORTS

Photosynthesis

76

Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

The Moon may have dramatically affected the development of life by moderating the planet's climate.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Earth

190

Climate change is normal and continual.

increased emissions of greenhouse gases and dust) or natural (e.g., changes in solar output, the earth's orbit, volcano eruptions).

0SUPPORTS

Climate change (general concept)

1,648

A variety of different measurements find steadily rising sea levels over the past century.

Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia.

0SUPPORTS

Sea level rise

2,790

That model predicted that global temperature between 1988 and 1997 would rise by 0.45°C (Figure 1).

Over the same time period, the "likely" range (greater than 66% probability, based on expert judgement) for these scenarios was for a global mean temperature increase of 1.1 to 6.4 °C.

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General circulation model

57

Earth’s mean temperature over the last 2,000 years shows two previous periods when temperatures were warmer than they are now; from 1–200 A.D., an epoch called the Roman Warm Period, and more recently the Medieval Warm Period from 900–1100 A.D.

The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from c. 950 to c. 1250.

0SUPPORTS

Medieval Warm Period

2,620

"...the largest of all the positive or temperature-amplifying feedbacks in the UN’s arsenal is the water-vapor feedback.

The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming.

0SUPPORTS

Climate change feedback

61

[NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past[...]

""2016 Climate Trends Continue to Break Records".

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

NASA

451

The idea that the much smaller carbon dioxide cycle is now controlling the water cycle is not very likely.

If CO 2 capture was part of a fuel cycle then the CO 2 would have value rather than be a cost.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Carbon capture and storage

1,477

Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors of climate change, but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one.

Seventy-five of 77 believed that human activity is a significant factor in changing mean global temperatures.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

2,691

There are a myriad of other radiative forcings that affect the planet's energy imbalance.

The radiation balance is altered by such factors as the intensity of solar energy, reflectivity of clouds or gases, absorption by various greenhouse gases or surfaces and heat emission by various materials.

0SUPPORTS

Radiative forcing

840

At four degrees, the deadly European heat wave of 2003, which killed as many as 2,000 people a day, will be a normal summer.

The European heat wave of 2007 affected primarily south-eastern Europe during late June through August.

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List of heat waves

2,773

Tree-ring proxy reconstructions are reliable before 1960, tracking closely with the instrumental record and other independent proxies.

As there are few instrumental records before 1850, temperatures before then must be reconstructed based on proxy methods.

0SUPPORTS

Temperature record of the past 1000 years

3,075

Multiple lines of evidence indicate Greenland's ice loss is accelerating and will contribute sea level rise in the order of metres over the next few centuries.

Findings show that Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough to raise sea levels by almost 11mm (1.06cm).

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Greenland

979

“Warm weather worsened the most recent five-year drought, which included the driest four-year period on record in terms of statewide precipitation.

A significant hydrological drought occurred in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1998, when the warm, dry summers were followed by dry, cool winters.

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Drought in the United Kingdom

1,771

Peer-reviewed research, physics, and math all tell us that a grand solar minimum would have no more than a 0.3°C cooling effect, barely enough to put a dent in human-caused global warming.

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

2,819

More importantly, the OISM list only contains 39 scientists who specialise in climate science.

Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.

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Antarctica

5

The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The Little Ice Age caused crop failures and famines in Europe.

0SUPPORTS

Weather

1,928

NASA Finds Antarctica is Gaining Ice,

"A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".

1REFUTES

Antarctica

1,655

Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.

Anthropogenic climate change is caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.

0SUPPORTS

Climate change (general concept)

2,021

Weather Channel co-founder John Coleman provided evidence that convincingly refutes the concept of anthropogenic global warming.

Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming.

1REFUTES

Scientific consensus on climate change

1,575

Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

"Antarctic ice shelf disintegration triggered by sea ice loss and ocean swell".

1REFUTES

Sea ice

1,019

An additional kick was supplied by an El Niño weather pattern that peaked in 2016 and temporarily warmed much of the surface of the planet, causing the hottest year in a historical record dating to 1880.

An El Niño is associated with warm and very wet weather months in April–October along the coasts of northern Peru and Ecuador, causing major flooding whenever the event is strong or extreme.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

El Niño

5

The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The current consensus of the scientific community is that the aerosols and dust released into the upper atmosphere causes cooler temperatures by preventing the sun's energy from reaching the ground.

0SUPPORTS

Famine

2,062

Global warming is increasing the magnitude and frequency of droughts and floods.

Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall, but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

1,912

Julia Gillard her decision not to argue against a fixed carbon price being labelled a "carbon tax" hurt her terribly politically.

During the 2010 election campaign, Gillard also said that no carbon tax would be introduced under a government she led.

1REFUTES

Julia Gillard

67

Fifty-five thousand years ago the whole world was 2°C warmer than it is today[...]

This period of warmth ended about 5,500 years ago with the descent into the Neoglacial and concomitant Neopluvial.

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Holocene

906

Goklany has argued that the rising level of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere ‘is currently net beneficial for both humanity and the biosphere generally.”

Both have the same net effect, but for achieving carbon dioxide concentration levels below present levels, carbon dioxide removal is critical.

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Carbon dioxide removal

2,565

Human kind has little or nothing to do with the recent temperature changes.

According to these groups, there is natural variability that will abate over time, and human influences have little to do with it.

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Climate change denial

1,898

If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

In the temperate scenario this is sufficient to heat 200 litres of water by some 17 °C.

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Solar water heating

79

The rate of warming according to the data is much slower than the models used by the IPCC

Since the start of the 20th century, the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased by more than 0.7°C and the rate of warming has been largest in the last 30 years.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

2,120

Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

He said there had probably been no global warming since the 1940s, and "Satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979.

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Hockey stick controversy

2,584

Once the atmosphere reaches a saturation point, additional input of CO2 will not really have any major impact.

Increased concentrations of gases such as CO 2 (~20%), ozone and N 2O are external forcing on the other hand.

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Global warming

1,614

Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

The Arctic sea ice September minimum extent (i.e., area with at least 15% sea ice coverage) reached new record lows in 2002, 2005, 2007, and 2012.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Climate change in the Arctic

2,593

[T]he study indicates “Greenland’s ice may be less susceptible to the massive meltdown predicted by computer models of climate change, the main author ... said in an interview. ...

"Arctic Permafrost Is Going Through a Rapid Meltdown — 70 Years Early".

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Climate change feedback

420

International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

He further said that the IEA is overstating the role of shale in a global market, and how the core job of the IEA, is not to take things out of context.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

International Energy Agency

2,110

They changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'

Research in the 1950s suggested that temperatures were increasing, and a 1952 newspaper used the term "climate change".

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Global warming

705

policies based on previous climate model output and predictions might need to be reconsidered

These models are the basis for model predictions of future climate, such as are discussed by the IPCC.

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General circulation model

1,798

A few degrees of global warming has a huge impact on ice sheets, sea levels and other aspects of climate.

The rate of ice loss from glaciers and ice sheets in the Antarctic is a key area of uncertainty since this source could account for 90% of the potential sea level rise: increased ocean warmth is undermining and threatening to unplug Antarctic glacier outlets, potentially resulting in more rapid sea level rise.

0SUPPORTS

Global warming

1,381

It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

Officially, the highest record for Sadovo is 41.2 degrees Celsius (106.16 degrees Fahrenheit), while the lowest is -30.7 degrees Celsius (-23.26 degrees Fahreheit).

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Sadovo

2,398

While there are direct ways in which CO2 is a pollutant (acidification of the ocean), its primary impact is its greenhouse warming effect.

The emission of greenhouse gases leads to global warming which affects ecosystems in many ways.

0SUPPORTS

Pollution

1,539

Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

He is known for his theory on the effects of cosmic rays on cloud formation as an indirect cause of global warming.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Henrik Svensmark

1,317

“…climate change will also reduce the number of cold days and cold spells.

Since 1950, the number of cold days and nights have decreased, and the number of warm days and night have increased.

0SUPPORTS

Global warming

846

In other words, we have, trapped in Arctic permafrost, twice as much carbon as is currently wrecking the atmosphere of the planet, all of it scheduled to be released at a date that keeps getting moved up, partially in the form of a gas that multiplies its warming power 86 times over.

When the permafrost melts, it releases carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and methane, both of which are greenhouse gases.

0SUPPORTS

Tundra

2,417

Mars, Triton, Pluto and Jupiter all show global warming, pointing to the Sun as the dominating influence in determining climate throughout the solar system."

It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.

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Global warming

72

[O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

Holstein, James A.

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Narrative

2,591

We now know that the planetary energy balance is determined by the upper levels of the troposphere and that the saturation of the absorption at the central frequency does not preclude the possibility to absorb more energy.

Less energy reaches the upper atmosphere, which is therefore cooler because of this absorption.

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Carbon dioxide

851

The last time the planet was even four degrees warmer, Peter Brannen points out in The Ends of the World, his new history of the planet’s major extinction events, the oceans were hundreds of feet higher.

The elevation of the land surface varies from the low point of −418 m (−1,371 ft) at the Dead Sea, to a maximum altitude of 8,848 m (29,029 ft) at the top of Mount Everest.

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Earth

3,082

"However, a single scientist, Dr. Ben Santer of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, rewrote the draft at the IPCC’s request, deleting all five statements, replacing them with a single statement to the effect that a human influence on global climate was now discernible, and making some 200 consequential amendments.

The coalition report said that Benjamin D. Santer, the lead author of Chapter 8 in the assessment, entitled "Detection of Climate Change and Attribution of Causes," had altered the text, after acceptance by the Working Group, and without approval of the authors, to strike content characterizing the uncertainty of the science.

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Global Climate Coalition

2,165

Ben Santer rewrote the 1995 IPCC report

The IPCC published its First Assessment Report (FAR) in 1990, a supplementary report in 1992, a Second Assessment Report (SAR) in 1995, a Third Assessment Report (TAR) in 2001, a Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) in 2007 and a Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) in 2014.

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

1,399

Since the end of 2012, moreover, total polar ice extent has largely remained above the post-1979 average.

Arctic sea ice extent averaged for September 2012 was 3.61 million square kilometers (1.39 million square miles).

0SUPPORTS

Beaufort Sea

1,151

“Unlike genuine pollutants, carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odorless, colorless gas.

Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, but highly toxic.

1REFUTES

Carbon monoxide

2,992

The measurements of the amount of CO2 made at the Mauna Loa Observatory are accurate and uncontaminated by any emissions from the volcano.

Since 1958, initially under the direction of Charles Keeling, followed by his son Ralph and later Elmer Robinson, Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) has been monitoring and collecting data relating to atmospheric change, and is known especially for the continuous monitoring of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), which is sometimes referred to as the Keeling Curve.

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Mauna Loa Observatory