rotate3d()
==========

Функция CSS **`rotate3d()`** трансформирует элемент без деформации, вращая его в трёхмерном пространстве вокруг зафиксированной оси. Её результатом является тип `<transform-function>` (en-US).Интерактивный пример
--------------------

In 3D space, rotations have three degrees of liberty, which together describe a single axis of rotation. The axis of rotation is defined by an [x, y, z] vector and pass by the origin (as defined by the `transform-origin` (en-US) property). If, as specified, the vector is not *normalized* (i.e., if the sum of the square of its three coordinates is not 1), the user agent will normalize it internally. A non-normalizable vector, such as the null vector, [0, 0, 0], will cause the rotation to be ignored, but without invaliding the whole CSS property.

**Примечание:** Unlike rotations in the 2D plane, the composition of 3D rotations is usually not commutative. In other words, the order in which the rotations are applied impacts the result.

Syntax
------

The amount of rotation created by `rotate3d()` is specified by three `<number>`s and one `<angle>`. The `<number>`s represent the x-, y-, and z-coordinates of the vector denoting the axis of rotation. The `<angle>` represents the angle of rotation; if positive, the movement will be clockwise; if negative, it will be counter-clockwise.
```

rotate3d(x, y, z, a)
```

### Values

`x`

Is a `<number>` describing the x-coordinate of the vector denoting the axis of rotation which could between 0 and 1.

`y`

Is a `<number>` describing the y-coordinate of the vector denoting the axis of rotation which could between 0 and 1.

`z`

Is a `<number>` describing the z-coordinate of the vector denoting the axis of rotation which could between 0 and 1.

`a`

Is an `<angle>` representing the angle of the rotation. A positive angle denotes a clockwise rotation, a negative angle a counter-clockwise one.



|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Cartesian coordinates (en-US) on ℝ^2 | 
 This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on
 the plane.
  |
| Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2 |
| Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3 | 

(

1
+
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)
(

x
2

−
1
)

z
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
x
y
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

−
y
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
x
z
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

−
z
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
x
y
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

1
+
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)
(

y
2

−
1
)

x
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
y
z
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

y
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
x
z
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

−
x
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
y
z
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

1
+
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)
(

z
2

−
1
)

)

\begin{pmatrix}1 + (1 - \cos(a))(x^2 - 1) & z\cdot \sin(a) + xy(1 - \cos(a)) & -y\cdot \sin(a) + xz(1 - \cos(a))\\-z\cdot \sin(a) + xy(1 - \cos(a)) & 1 + (1 - \cos(a))(y^2 - 1) & x\cdot \sin(a) + yz(1 - \cos(a))\\y\cdot \sin(a) + xz(1 - \cos(a)) & -x\cdot \sin(a) + yz(1 - \cos(a)) & 1 + (1 - \cos(a))(z^2 - 1)\end{pmatrix}

 |
| Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3 | 

(

1
+
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)
(

x
2

−
1
)

z
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
x
y
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

−
y
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
x
z
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

0

−
z
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
x
y
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

1
+
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)
(

y
2

−
1
)

x
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
y
z
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

0

y
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
x
z
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

−
x
⋅
sin
(
a
)
+
y
z
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)

1
+
(
1
−
cos
(
a
)
)
(

z
2

−
1
)

0

0

0

0

1

)

\begin{pmatrix}1 + (1 - \cos(a))(x^2 - 1) & z\cdot \sin(a) + xy(1 - \cos(a)) & -y\cdot \sin(a) + xz(1 - \cos(a)) & 0\\-z\cdot \sin(a) + xy(1 - \cos(a)) & 1 + (1 - \cos(a))(y^2 - 1) & x\cdot \sin(a) + yz(1 - \cos(a)) & 0\\y\cdot \sin(a) + xz(1 - \cos(a)) & -x\cdot \sin(a) + yz(1 - \cos(a)) & 1 + (1 - \cos(a))(z^2 - 1) & 0\\0 & 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}

 |

Examples
--------

### Rotating on the y-axis

#### HTML


```html
<div>Normal</div>
<div class="rotated">Rotated</div>
```


#### CSS


```css
body {
  perspective: 800px;
}

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.rotated {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 60deg);
  background-color: pink;
}
```


#### Result

### Rotating on a custom axis

#### HTML


```html
<div>Normal</div>
<div class="rotated">Rotated</div>
```


#### CSS


```css
body {
  perspective: 800px;
}

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.rotated {
  transform: rotate3d(1, 2, -1, 192deg);
  background-color: pink;
}
```


#### Result

Совместимость с браузерами
--------------------------

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See also
--------

* `transform`
* `<transform-function>` (en-US)