@media
======

Описание
--------

CSS @-правило **`@media`** может быть использовано для применения части стилей при соблюдении условия одного или нескольких медиавыражений.

**Примечание:** В JavaScript правила, созданные с помощью `@media` могут быть получены через интерфейс объектной модели CSS `CSSMediaRule` (en-US).

Синтаксис
---------

@-правило `@media` можно разместить на верхнем уровне CSS или внутри любого фрагмента условной группы @-правил.


```css
/\* На верхнем уровне кода \*/
@media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
  article {
    padding: 1rem 3rem;
  }
}

/\* Вложено в другое условное @-правило \*/
@supports (display: flex) {
  @media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
    article {
      display: flex;
    }
  }
}
```


Для рассмотрения синтаксиса медиавыражений, см. Использование медиавыражений.

### Формальный синтаксис
```

@media =   
  @media <media-query-list> { <rule-list> }    
  
```


A `<media-query>` is composed of a optional media type and/or a number of media features.

Типы
----

all

Подходит для всех устройств.

print

Intended for paged material and for documents viewed on screen in print preview mode. Please consult the section on paged media, and the media section of the Getting Started tutorial for information about formatting issues that are specific to paged media.

screen

Предназначен в первую очередь для цветных компьютерных экранов.

speech

Предназначен для синтезаторов речи.


**Примечание:** CSS2.1 и Media Queries 3 определили несколько дополнительных значений (`tty`, `tv`, `projection`, `handheld`, `braille`, `embossed`, `aural`), но они устарели в Media Queries 4 и не рекомендуется к использованию.

Media Features
--------------

Each *media feature* tests for one specific feature of the browser or device.

| Имя | Summary | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `width` (en-US) | Viewport width |  |
| `height` (en-US) | Viewport height |  |
| `aspect-ratio` (en-US) | Width-to-height aspect ratio of the viewport |  |
| `orientation` | Orientation of the viewport |  |
| `resolution` (en-US) | Pixel density of the output device |  |
| `scan` | Scanning process of the output device |  |
| `grid` (en-US) | Is the device a grid or bitmap? |  |
| `update-frequency` (en-US) | How quickly (if at all) can the output device modify the appearance of the content | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `overflow-block` (en-US) | How does the output device handle content that overflows the viewport along the block axis? | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `overflow-inline` (en-US) | Can content that overflows the viewport along the inline axis be scrolled? | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `color` (en-US) | Number of bits per color component of the output device, or zero if the device isn't color. |  |
| `color-index` (en-US) | Number of entries in the output device's color lookup table, or zero if the device does not use such a table. |  |
| `display-mode` (en-US) | The display mode of the application, as specified in the web app manifest's display member. | Defined in the Web App Manifest spec. |
| `monochrome` (en-US) | Bits per pixel in the output device's monochrome frame buffer, or 0 if the device is not monochrome. |  |
| `inverted-colors` | Is the user agent or underlying OS inverting colors? | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `pointer` (en-US) | Is the primary input mechanism a pointing device, and if so, how accurate is it? | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `hover` (en-US) | Does the primary input mechanism allow the user to hover over elements? | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `any-pointer` (en-US) | Is any available input mechanism a pointing device, and if so, how accurate is it? | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `any-hover` (en-US) | Does any available input mechanism allow the user to hover over elements? | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `light-level` | Current ambient light level | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `scripting` | Is scripting (e.g. JavaScript) available? | Added in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `device-width` (en-US) | Width of the rendering surface of the output device | Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `device-height` (en-US) | Height of the rendering surface of the output device | Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `device-aspect-ratio` (en-US) | Width-to-height aspect ratio of the output device | Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4 |
| `-webkit-device-pixel-ratio` (en-US) 
Non-standard
 | Number of physical device pixels per CSS pixel | Nonstandard; WebKit/Blink-specific. If possible, use the `resolution` (en-US) media feature instead. |
| `-webkit-transform-3d` (en-US) 
Non-standard
 | Are CSS 3D `transform`s supported? | Nonstandard; WebKit/Blink-specific |
| `-webkit-transform-2d` (en-US) 
Non-standard
 | Are CSS 2D `transform`s supported? | Nonstandard; WebKit-specific |
| `-webkit-transition` (en-US) 
Non-standard
 | Are CSS `transition`s supported? | Nonstandard; WebKit-specific |
| `-webkit-animation` (en-US) 
Non-standard
 | Are CSS `animation`s supported? | Nonstandard; WebKit-specific |

Примеры
-------


```css
@media print {
  body {
    font-size: 10pt;
  }
}
@media screen {
  body {
    font-size: 13px;
  }
}
@media screen, print {
  body {
    line-height: 1.2;
  }
}
@media only screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (max-device-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
  body {
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
}
```

Спецификации
------------

| Specification |
| --- |
| Media Queries Level 4 # media-descriptor-table |
| CSS Conditional Rules Module Level 3 # at-media |

Совместимость с браузерами
--------------------------

BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.

Смотрите также
--------------

* Media queries
* The CSSOM `CSSMediaRule` (en-US) associated with this at-rule.