<th>: The Table Header element
==============================

The **`<th>`** HTML element defines a cell as the header of a group of table cells. The exact nature of this group is defined by the `scope` and `headers` attributes.

Try it
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Attributes
----------

This element includes the global attributes.

`abbr`

This attribute contains a short abbreviated description of the cell's content. Some user-agents, such as speech readers, may present this description before the content itself.

`colspan`

This attribute contains a non-negative integer value that indicates for how many columns the cell extends. Its default value is `1`. Values higher than 1000 will be considered as incorrect and will be set to the default value (1).

`headers`

This attribute contains a list of space-separated strings, each corresponding to the **id** attribute of the `<th>` elements that apply to this element.

`rowspan`

This attribute contains a non-negative integer value that indicates for how many rows the cell extends. Its default value is `1`; if its value is set to `0`, it extends until the end of the table section (`<thead>`, `<tbody>`, `<tfoot>`, even if implicitly defined), that the cell belongs to. Values higher than 65534 are clipped down to 65534.

`scope`

This enumerated attribute defines the cells that the header (defined in the `<th>`) element relates to. It may have the following values:

* `row`: The header relates to all cells of the row it belongs to.
* `col`: The header relates to all cells of the column it belongs to.
* `rowgroup`: The header belongs to a rowgroup and relates to all of its cells.
* `colgroup`: The header belongs to a colgroup and relates to all of its cells.

If the `scope` attribute is not specified, or its value is not `row`, `col`, or `rowgroup`, or `colgroup`, then browsers automatically select the set of cells to which the header cell applies.

### Deprecated attributes

`align` 
Deprecated

This enumerated attribute specifies how the cell content's horizontal alignment will be handled. Possible values are:

* `left`: The content is aligned to the left of the cell.
* `center`: The content is centered in the cell.
* `right`: The content is aligned to the right of the cell.
* `justify` (with text only): The content is stretched out inside the cell so that it covers its entire width.
* `char` (with text only): The content is aligned to a character inside the `<th>` element with minimal offset. This character is defined by the `char` and `charoff` attributes.

The default value when this attribute is not specified is `left`.

**Note:** Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard.

* To achieve the same effect as the `left`, `center`, `right` or `justify` values, apply the CSS `text-align` property to the element.
* To achieve the same effect as the `char` value, give the `text-align` property the same value you would use for the `char`.

`axis` 
Deprecated

This attribute contains a list of space-separated strings. Each string is the `id` of a group of cells that this header applies to.

**Note:** Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard: use the `scope` attribute instead.

`bgcolor` 
Deprecated

This attribute defines the background color of each cell in a column. It consists of a 6-digit hexadecimal code as defined in sRGB and is prefixed by '#'.

`char` 
Deprecated

The content in the cell element is aligned to a character. Typical values include a period (.) to align numbers or monetary values. If `align` is not set to `char`, this attribute is ignored.

**Note:** Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard. To achieve the same effect, you can specify the character as the first value of the `text-align` property.

`charoff` 
Deprecated

This attribute is used to shift column data to the right of the character specified by the **char** attribute. Its value specifies the length of this shift.

**Note:** Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard.

`height` 
Deprecated

This attribute is used to define a recommended cell height.

**Note:** Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard: use the CSS `height` property instead.

`valign` 
Deprecated

This attribute specifies how a text is vertically aligned inside a cell. Possible values for this attribute are:

* `baseline`: Positions the text near the bottom of the cell and aligns it with the baseline of the characters instead of the bottom. If characters don't descend below the baseline, the baseline value achieves the same effect as `bottom`.
* `bottom`: Positions the text near the bottom of the cell.
* `middle`: Centers the text in the cell.
* and `top`: Positions the text near the top of the cell.

**Note:** Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard: use the CSS `vertical-align` property instead.

`width` 
Deprecated

This attribute is used to define a recommended cell width. Additional space can be added with the `cellspacing` and `cellpadding` properties and the width of the `<col>` element can also create extra width. But, if a column's width is too narrow to show a particular cell properly, it will be widened when displayed.

**Note:** Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard: use the CSS `width` property instead.

Examples
--------

See `<table>` for examples on `<th>`.

Technical summary
-----------------

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Content categories | None. |
| Permitted content | Flow content, but with no header, footer, sectioning content, or heading content
 descendants.
  |
| Tag omission | 
 The start tag is mandatory.The end tag may be omitted, if it is
 immediately followed by a `<th>` or
 `<td>` element or if there are no more data in its
 parent element.
  |
| Permitted parents | A `<tr>` element. |
| Implicit ARIA role | `columnheader` or `rowheader` |
| Permitted ARIA roles | Any |
| DOM interface | `HTMLTableCellElement` |

Specifications
--------------

| Specification |
| --- |
| HTML Standard # the-th-element |

Browser compatibility
---------------------

BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.

See also
--------

* Other table-related HTML Elements: `<caption>`, `<col>`, `<colgroup>`, `<table>`, `<tbody>`, `<td>`, `<tfoot>`, `<thead>`, `<tr>`.