transform
=========

The **`transform`** attribute defines a list of transform definitions that are applied to an element and the element's children.

**Note:** As of SVG2, `transform` is a presentation attribute, meaning it can be used as a CSS property. However, be aware that there are some differences in syntax between the CSS property and the attribute. See the documentation for the CSS property `transform` for the specific syntax to use in that case.

You can use this attribute with any SVG element.

Example
-------
```

html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}
```



```html
<svg
 viewBox="-40 0 150 100"
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <g
 fill="grey"
 transform="rotate(-10 50 100)
 translate(-36 45.5)
 skewX(40)
 scale(1 0.5)">
    <path
 id="heart"
 d="M 10,30 A 20,20 0,0,1 50,30 A 20,20 0,0,1 90,30 Q 90,60 50,90 Q 10,60 10,30 z" />
  </g>

  <use href="#heart" fill="none" stroke="red" />
</svg>
```


In SVG 1.1, only these 16 elements were allowed to use it: `<a>`, `<circle>`, `<clipPath>`, `<defs>`, `<ellipse>`, `<foreignObject>`, `<g>`, `<image>`, `<line>`, `<path>`, `<polygon>`, `<polyline>`, `<rect>`, `<switch>`, `<text>`, and `<use>`.

Also, as a legacy from SVG 1.1, `<linearGradient>` and `<radialGradient>` support the `gradientTransform` attribute, and `<pattern>` supports the `patternTransform` attribute, both of which act exactly like the `transform` attribute.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Value | **`<transform-list>`** |
| Default value | *none* |
| Animatable | Yes |

Transform functions
-------------------

The following transform functions can be used by the `transform` attribute `<transform-list>`

**Warning:** As per the spec, you should be able to also use CSS transform functions. However, the compatibility isn't guaranteed.

### Matrix

The `matrix(<a> <b> <c> <d> <e> <f>)` transform function specifies a transformation in the form of a transformation matrix of six values. `matrix(a,b,c,d,e,f)` is equivalent to applying the transformation matrix:


(

a

c

e

b

d

f

0

0

1

)

\begin{pmatrix} a & c & e \\ b & d & f \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}

 which maps coordinates from a previous coordinate system into a new coordinate system by the following matrix equalities:

(

x

newCoordSys



y

newCoordSys


1

)

=

(

a

c

e

b

d

f

0

0

1

)

(

x

prevCoordSys



y

prevCoordSys


1

)

=

(

a

x

prevCoordSys

+
c

y

prevCoordSys

+
e

b

x

prevCoordSys

+
d

y

prevCoordSys

+
f

1

)

 \begin{pmatrix} x\_{\mathrm{newCoordSys}} \\ y\_{\mathrm{newCoordSys}} \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} a & c & e \\ b & d & f \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} x\_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} \\ y\_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} a x\_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} + c y\_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} + e \\ b x\_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} + d y\_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} + f \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}

#### Example
```

html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}
```



```html
<svg viewBox="0 0 200 200" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <rect x="10" y="10" width="30" height="20" fill="green" />

  <!--
 In the following example we are applying the matrix:
 [a c e] [3 -1 30]
 [b d f] => [1 3 40]
 [0 0 1] [0 0 1]

 which transform the rectangle as such:

 top left corner: oldX=10 oldY=10
 newX = a \* oldX + c \* oldY + e = 3 \* 10 - 1 \* 10 + 30 = 50
 newY = b \* oldX + d \* oldY + f = 1 \* 10 + 3 \* 10 + 40 = 80

 top right corner: oldX=40 oldY=10
 newX = a \* oldX + c \* oldY + e = 3 \* 40 - 1 \* 10 + 30 = 140
 newY = b \* oldX + d \* oldY + f = 1 \* 40 + 3 \* 10 + 40 = 110

 bottom left corner: oldX=10 oldY=30
 newX = a \* oldX + c \* oldY + e = 3 \* 10 - 1 \* 30 + 30 = 30
 newY = b \* oldX + d \* oldY + f = 1 \* 10 + 3 \* 30 + 40 = 140

 bottom right corner: oldX=40 oldY=30
 newX = a \* oldX + c \* oldY + e = 3 \* 40 - 1 \* 30 + 30 = 120
 newY = b \* oldX + d \* oldY + f = 1 \* 40 + 3 \* 30 + 40 = 170
 -->
  <rect
 x="10"
 y="10"
 width="30"
 height="20"
 fill="red"
 transform="matrix(3 1 -1 3 30 40)" />
</svg>
```

### Translate

The `translate(<x> [<y>])` transform function moves the object by `x` and `y`. If `y` is not provided, it is assumed to be `0`.

In other words:
```

xnew = xold + <x>
ynew = yold + <y>
```


#### Example
```

html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}
```



```html
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <!-- No translation -->
  <rect x="5" y="5" width="40" height="40" fill="green" />

  <!-- Horizontal translation -->
  <rect
 x="5"
 y="5"
 width="40"
 height="40"
 fill="blue"
 transform="translate(50)" />

  <!-- Vertical translation -->
  <rect
 x="5"
 y="5"
 width="40"
 height="40"
 fill="red"
 transform="translate(0 50)" />

  <!-- Both horizontal and vertical translation -->
  <rect
 x="5"
 y="5"
 width="40"
 height="40"
 fill="yellow"
 transform="translate(50 50)" />
</svg>
```

### Scale

The `scale(<x> [<y>])` transform function specifies a scale operation by `x` and `y`. If `y` is not provided, it is assumed to be equal to `x`.

#### Example
```

html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}
```



```html
<svg viewBox="-50 -50 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <!-- uniform scale -->
  <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="red" transform="scale(4)" />

  <!-- vertical scale -->
  <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="yellow" transform="scale(1, 4)" />

  <!-- horizontal scale -->
  <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="pink" transform="scale(4, 1)" />

  <!-- No scale -->
  <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="black" />
</svg>
```

### Rotate

The `rotate(<a> [<x> <y>])` transform function specifies a rotation by `a` degrees about a given point. If optional parameters `x` and `y` are not supplied, the rotation is about the origin of the current user coordinate system. If optional parameters `x` and `y` are supplied, the rotation is about the point `(x, y)`.

#### Example
```

html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}
```



```html
<svg viewBox="-12 -2 34 14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <rect x="0" y="0" width="10" height="10" />

  <!-- rotation is done around the point 0,0 -->
  <rect x="0" y="0" width="10" height="10" fill="red" transform="rotate(100)" />

  <!-- rotation is done around the point 10,10 -->
  <rect
 x="0"
 y="0"
 width="10"
 height="10"
 fill="green"
 transform="rotate(100, 10, 10)" />
</svg>
```

### SkewX

The `skewX(<a>)` transform function specifies a skew transformation along the x axis by `a` degrees.

#### Example
```

html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}
```



```html
<svg viewBox="-5 -5 10 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <rect x="-3" y="-3" width="6" height="6" />

  <rect x="-3" y="-3" width="6" height="6" fill="red" transform="skewX(30)" />
</svg>
```

### SkewY

The `skewY(<a>)` transform function specifies a skew transformation along the y axis by `a` degrees.

#### Example
```

html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}
```



```html
<svg viewBox="-5 -5 10 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <rect x="-3" y="-3" width="6" height="6" />

  <rect x="-3" y="-3" width="6" height="6" fill="red" transform="skewY(30)" />
</svg>
```

Specifications
--------------

| Specification |
| --- |
| CSS Transforms Module Level 1 # svg-transform |
| Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2 # TransformProperty |