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README.md

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+# Dataset: Low-to-high-resolution weather forecasting using topography
+
+The dataset is intended and structured for the problem of transforming/interpolating low-resolution weather forecasts into higher resolution using topography data.
+
+
+![Dataset diagram: 4 ECMWF grid points at the corners, 1 SMHI observation station, topographical data in the background](./assets/high_res_weather_forecasting_dataset.png)
+
+The dataset consists of 3 different types of data (as illustrated above):
+- **Historical weather observation data ([SMHI](https://opendata.smhi.se/apidocs/metobs/index.html))**
+  - Historical weather observation data from selected SMHI observation stations (evaluation points)
+- **Historical low-resolution weather forecasts ([ECMWF](https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/set-i))**
+  - For a given SMHI station: Historical, (relatively) low-resolution ECMWF weather forecasts from the 4 nearest ECMWF grid points
+- **Topography/elevation data ([Copernicus DEM GLO-30](https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/collections/copernicus-digital-elevation-model))**:
+  - Topography/elevation data around a given SMHI station, grid enclosed by the 4 ECMWF points
+
+The dataset is meant to facilitate the following modeling pipeline:
+- Weather forecasts for a set of 4 neighboring ECMWF points are combined with topography/elevation data and turned into higher resolution forecasts grid (corresponding to the resolution of the topography data)
+- SMHI weather observation data is used as a sparse evaluation point of the produced higher-resolution forecasts
+
+## Data details & samples
+
+### SMHI weather observation data
+
+SMHI weather observation data is structured in csv files, separately for each weather parameter and weather observation station.
+See the sample below:
+
+```csv
+Stationsnamn;Stationsnummer;Stationsnät;Mäthöjd (meter över marken)
+Stockholm-Observatoriekullen;98210;SMHIs stationsnät;2.0
+
+Parameternamn;Beskrivning;Enhet
+Lufttemperatur;momentanvärde, 1 gång/tim;celsius
+
+Tidsperiod (fr.o.m);Tidsperiod (t.o.m);Höjd (meter över havet);Latitud (decimalgrader);Longitud (decimalgrader)
+1859-01-01 00:00:00;2024-02-01 07:20:11;43.133;59.3417;18.0549
+
+Datum;Tid (UTC);Lufttemperatur;Kvalitet;;Tidsutsnitt:
+2023-10-27;06:00:00;2.4;G
+2023-10-27;18:00:00;3.0;G
+2023-10-28;06:00:00;0.6;G
+2023-10-28;18:00:00;1.9;G
+2023-10-29;06:00:00;0.3;G
+2023-10-29;18:00:00;3.2;G
+2023-10-30;06:00:00;2.4;G
+2023-10-30;18:00:00;4.3;G
+2023-10-31;06:00:00;8.5;G
+2023-10-31;18:00:00;4.6;G
+2023-11-01;06:00:00;1.9;G
+```
+
+### ECMWF historical weather forecasts
+
+Historical ECMWF weather forecasts contain a number of forecasted weather variables at 4 nearest grid points around each SMHI observation station:
+
+```
+<xarray.Dataset>
+Dimensions:                 (reference_time: 2983, valid_time: 54,
+                             corner_index: 4, station_index: 275)
+Coordinates:
+  * reference_time          (reference_time) datetime64[ns] 2020-01-01 ... 20...
+    latitude                (corner_index, station_index) float64 55.3 ... 68.7
+    longitude               (corner_index, station_index) float64 ...
+    point                   (corner_index, station_index) int64 ...
+  * valid_time              (valid_time) int32 0 1 2 3 4 5 ... 48 49 50 51 52 53
+  * station_index           (station_index) int64 0 1 2 3 4 ... 271 272 273 274
+  * corner_index            (corner_index) <U3 'llc' 'lrc' 'ulc' 'urc'
+    station_names           (station_index) <U29 ...
+    station_ids             (station_index) int64 ...
+Data variables:
+    PressureReducedMSL      (reference_time, valid_time, corner_index, station_index) float32 ...
+    RelativeHumidity        (reference_time, valid_time, corner_index, station_index) float32 ...
+    SolarDownwardRadiation  (reference_time, valid_time, corner_index, station_index) float64 ...
+    Temperature             (reference_time, valid_time, corner_index, station_index) float32 ...
+    WindDirection:10        (reference_time, valid_time, corner_index, station_index) float32 ...
+    WindSpeed:10            (reference_time, valid_time, corner_index, station_index) float32 ...
+
+```
+
+### Topography data
+
+The topography data is provided in the chunks cut around each of the SMHI stations.
+The corners of each chunk correspond to ECMWF forecast grid points.
+
+Each chunk consists 361 x 361 points, spanning across 0.1° x 0.1°. (Some of the values across longitudes are NaN since apparently the Earth is not square [citation needed]).
+
+![Sample topography map](./assets/elevation_data_sample_0_1_degree.png)