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[ "Julius Watkins (October 10, 1921 – April 4, 1977) was an American jazz musician who played French horn.", "Described by AllMusic as \"virtually the father of the jazz French horn\", Watkins won the Down Beat critics poll in 1960 and 1961 for Miscellaneous Instrument.", "Life and career\nWatkins was born in Detroit, Michigan, United States.", "He began playing the French horn when he was nine years old.", "Watkins began his career in jazz playing the trumpet in the Ernie Fields Orchestra from 1943 to 1946.", "By the late 1940s, he had played some French horn solos on recording sessions led by Kenny Clarke and Babs Gonzales.", "After moving to New York City, Watkins studied for three years at the Manhattan School of Music.", "He started appearing in small-group jazz sessions, including two led by Thelonious Monk, featuring on \"Friday the 13th\" on the album Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollins (1954).", "Watkins recorded with many other jazz musicians, including John Coltrane, Freddie Hubbard, Charles Mingus, Miles Davis and Gil Evans, Phil Woods, Clark Terry, Johnny Griffin, Randy Weston, and with the Jazz Composer's Orchestra.", "He co-led, with Charlie Rouse, the group Les Jazz Modes from 1956 to 1959, and he toured with Quincy Jones and his band from 1959 to 1961.", "In 1969, Watkins played French horn for the beat poet Allen Ginsberg's album Songs of Innocence and Experience (1970), a musical adaptation of William Blake's poetry collection of the same name.", "Suffering from diabetes, liver and kidney problems, and chronic alcoholism, Watkins died from a heart attack in Short Hills, New Jersey, at the age of 55.", "From 1994 to 1998, an annual Julius Watkins Jazz Horn Festival was held in New York, beginning at the Knitting Factory,) honoring his legacy.", "After an eleven-year break, another Julius Watkins Festival was held on October 3, 2009, in Seattle, Washington, at Cornish College of the Arts.", "On September 29, 2012, the seventh Julius Watkins Jazz Horn Festival was held at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia.", "Discography\n\nAs leader/co-leader \n Julius Watkins Sextet, Vol 1 & 2 (Blue Note, 1954, 1955)\n French Horns for My Lady (Phillips, 1962)\nWith Charlie Rouse as Les Jazz Modes/The Jazz Modes\nJazzville Vol.", "(Mercury, 1959)\nThe Great Wide World of Quincy Jones (Mercury, 1959)\nQ Live in Paris Circa 1960 (Quest, 1960 [1996])\nThe Birth of a Band!", "Vol.", "2 (Mercury, 1959-60 [1984])\nI Dig Dancers (Mercury, 1960)\nAround the World (Mercury, 1961)\nNewport '61 (Mercury, 1961)\nThe Great Wide World Of Quincy Jones: Live!", "(Mercury, 1961 [1984])\nThe Quintessence (Impulse!, 1962)\nBig Band Bossa Nova (Mercury, 1962)\nQuincy Jones Plays Hip Hits (Mercury, 1963)\nQuincy Plays for Pussycats (Mercury, 1959-65 [1965])\nWith Thad Jones and Mel Lewis\nConsummation (Solid State, 1970)\nSuite for Pops (Horizon, 1975)\nNew Life (Horizon, 1976)\nWith Beverly Kenney\nCome Swing with Me (Roost, 1956)\nWith Stan Kenton\nCuban Fire!", "(Verve, 1962)\nWith Oscar Pettiford\nThe New Oscar Pettiford Sextet (Debut, 1953)\n Oscar Pettiford (Bethlehem, 1954)\nThe Oscar Pettiford Orchestra in Hi-Fi (ABC-Paramount, 1956)\nThe Oscar Pettiford Orchestra in Hi-Fi Volume Two (ABC-Paramount, 1957)\nWith Johnny Richards\nExperiments in Sound (Capitol, 1958)\nThe Rites of Diablo (Roulette, 1958)\nWalk Softly/Run Wild!" ]

[ "Watkins was an American jazz musician who played French horn.", "Watkins was the father of the jazz French horn and won the Down Beat critics poll twice.", "Watkins was born in Detroit, Michigan.", "He started playing the French horn when he was nine years old.", "Watkins played the trumpet in the Ernie Fields Orchestra from 1943 to 1946.", "He played a French horn solo on some recordings.", "Watkins attended the Manhattan School of Music for three years after moving to New York City.", "He appeared on \"Friday the 13th\" on the album Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollins.", "Watkins was a member of the Jazz Composer's Orchestra and recorded with many other jazz musicians.", "He toured with Quincy Jones and his band from 1959 to 1961.", "Watkins played the French horn on Allen Ginsberg's album Songs of Innocence and Experience in 1969.", "Watkins died from a heart attack in Short Hills, New Jersey, at the age of 55.", "An annual Julius Watkins Jazz Horn Festival was held in New York from 1994 to 1998.", "On October 3, 2009, the Julius Watkins Festival was held at the Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle, Washington.", "The seventh Julius Watkins Jazz Horn Festival was held at Virginia Commonwealth University.", "Discography as leader/co-leader Julius Watkins Sextet, Vol 1 & 2, French Horns for My Lady, and Les Jazz Modes/The Jazzville Vol.", "The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones was written in 1959 and Q Live in Paris was written in 1960.", "There is a new edition of Vol.", "The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones: Live! was recorded in 1961.", "The Big Band Bossa Nova, Quincy Jones, and Mel Lewis Consum played together.", "The New Oscar Pettiford Sextet was written by Oscar Pettiford." ]

[ "Julius Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Julius Watkins" ]

[ "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Watkins", "Julius Watkins" ]

[ "Rose Kerr (born February 1953) is an English art historian specializing in Chinese art, especially Chinese ceramics, on which she has written a number of books.", "After studying Mandarin and Chinese art at the School of Oriental and African Studies (1971-75), she worked at the Percival David Foundation (1976-78).", "She joined the Far Eastern Department of the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1978.", "She became the Keeper of the Far Eastern Department in 1987, a post she held until her retirement in 2003.", "In 2015, she was made an honorary citizen of Jingdezhen, China, the historic centre of Chinese porcelain production, in recognition of her academic research on Jingdezhen ceramics, and her promotion of cultural exchange between the United Kingdom and China.", "She was the first non-Chinese citizen to be so honoured.", "Early life\nRose Kerr was born in February 1953.", "She graduated in Chinese studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, and was one of a handful of British students to live and study in China during the last year of the Cultural Revolution in 1975-1976.", "Career\nKerr was Keeper of the Far Eastern Department at the Victoria & Albert Museum until her retirement in 2003.", "Her work with professor Nigel Wood, Science and Civilisation in China Vol.", "5 Part 12: Ceramic Technology ( ) is a major contribution to the seminal series of works on Chinese science begun by Joseph Needham.", "The volume on Ceramic Technology is a work of almost one thousand pages.", "It synthesizes information derived from historic texts, archaeological excavation and the principles of ceramic science.", "It covers the formation of clays and their relation to the underlying geologies of China, firing, manufacturing methods and sequences, glazes, pigments and gilding, and the impact of Chinese ceramic technology around the world from the 7th century onwards.", "The volume was unique in its coverage, and is a definitive source book for researchers.", "Her book Later Chinese Bronzes, ( ), published by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1990, broke new ground in the study of Chinese bronzes, and remains an important work of reference.", "Based on the collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum, the book explored a subject which was at that time new to art history, namely the identification, dating and use of bronze vessels made in the Song-Qing dynasties.", "She is honorary associate of the Needham Research Institute at Cambridge University, and an honorary fellow at the University of Glasgow.", "She is a former chairman, and trustee, of the Great Britain-China Education Trust; a Trustee of the Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art; and Museum Expert Advisor for the Hong Kong Government.", "She is a former president of the Oriental Ceramic Society of London (2000-2003).", "Kerr visits Asia frequently and has undertaken sabbaticals at the National Palace Museum, Taipei, and the Shanghai Museum.", "She has taught at the universities of London, Sussex, Glasgow, and Oslo, and was a lecturer for the UK National Association of Decorative and Fine Art Societies for many years.", "Honours\nIn 2015, Kerr was created an honorary citizen of Jingdezhen, China, the historic centre of Chinese porcelain production, in recognition of her \"outstanding contribution to academic research on Jingdezhen ceramics, and the promotion of cultural exchange between the UK and China\", the first non-Chinese citizen to be so honoured.", "Selected publications\n\n1980s\n Kiln Sites of Ancient China.", "Oriental Ceramic Society, London, 1980.", "(with P. Hughes Stanton)\n Guanyin: A Masterpiece Revealed.", "V & A Publications, London, 1985.", "(with John Larson)\n Chinese Ceramics: Porcelain of the Qing Dynasty.", "V & A Publications, London 1986.", "1990s\n Later Chinese Bronzes.", "V & A Publications, London, 1990.", "Chinese Art and Design.", "V & A Publications, London, 1991.", "(Editor)\n Chinese Ceramics of the Middle Ming Period.", "Percival David Foundation, London, 1994.", "(with Rosemary Scott)\n 英國維多利亞和阿薾伯特國立博物院藏中國清代瓷器 Qing Dynasty Ceramics in the Victoria and Albert Museum.", "Guangxi Fine Art Publishing House, Nanning, 1997.", "2000s\n Blanc De Chine.", "Porcelain from Dehua.", "National Heritage Board, Singapore, 2002.", "(co-author)\n The World in Blue and White.", "An exhibition of Blue and White ceramics, dating between 1320 and 1820, from members of the Oriental Ceramic Society.", "Oriental Ceramic Society, London, 2003.", "(co-author and editor)\n Science and Civilisation in China Vol.5 Part 12 : Ceramic Technology.", "Cambridge University Press, Needham Research Institute, 2004.", "Song Dynasty Ceramics.", "V & A Publications, London, 2004.", "The World in Colours.", "An exhibition of ceramics with coloured decoration dating from 700 to 1920 belonging to members of the Oriental Ceramic Society.", "The Oriental Ceramic Society, London, 2006.", "(co-author and editor) \n 今之眎昔:宋代燿州窯及青白瓷 Song Through 21st Century Eyes: Yaozhou and Qingbai Ceramics.", "Meijering Art Books, Netherlands, 2009.", "2010s\n Chinese Export Ceramics.", "V & A Publications, London, 2011.", "(with Luisa Mengoni) Chinese edition published by Shanghai Guji, 2013.", "East Asian Ceramics.", "The Laura Collection.", "Umberto Allemandi, Italy, 2012.", "(with Manuele Scagliola and Luisa Mengoni)\n \"The Porcelain City\": Jingdezhen in the Sixteenth Through Nineteenth Centuries\" in William R. Sargent (ed.)", "Treasures of Chinese Export Ceramics from the Peabody Essex Museum.", "Yale University Press, New Haven, 2012.", "Chinese Ceramics in the Leonora and Walter F. Brown collection.", "San Antonio Museum of Art, 2014.", "(with John Johnson)\n Asian Art in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.", "Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 2014.", "(various authors) \n Asian Ceramics in the Hallwyl Museum.", "Stockholm, 2015.", "Tankards and Mugs.", "Drinking from Chinese Export Porcelain.", "Jorge Welsh books, London and Lisbon, 2016.", "(with Maria Antonia Pinto de Matos)\n Chinese Ivory Carvings.", "The Sir Victor Sassoon Collection.", "Scala Publishing, 2016.", "(with Phillip Allen and Shih Ching-fei)\n Marvels of Celadon : The Shan Shan Tang Collection of Yaozhou Wares, The Art Institute of Chicago, Hong Kong, 2019.", "(co-author)\n 宜興紫砂陶的海外效應 Overseas Effect of Yixing Zisha-stoneware, Yixing Ceramic Museum, Yixing, 2018.", "(co-author)\n Preface to 'Jingdezhen to the World: The Lurie Collection of Chinese Export Porcelain from the Late Ming Dynasty' by Teresa Canepa\n2019\n\n2020's\n 'Song Dynasty Ceramics' 2nd Edition, in English and Chinese, CA Publishing, Hong Kong, 2020\n 'The Edrina Collection of Tang to Qing Export wares', Spring Field Consulting, 2020\n ' Dazzling Official Jun Wares from Museums and Collections around the World' ACC Art Books/CA Publishing 2021\n ' 虚中为用。中国陶瓷的永宣之美 Voids in Clay.", "The Enduring Beauty of Chinese Ceramics, 3MER Publishing, The Netherlands, 2022 \n''\n ' Yaozhou Wares from Museums and Art Institutes Around the World, including Yaozhou Tribute Wares'; ACC Art Books 2021\n\nReferences\n\n1953 births\nLiving people\nEnglish art historians\nWomen art historians\nAlumni of SOAS University of London\nChinese art historians\nHistorians of East Asian art\nBritish women historians" ]

[ "Rose Kerr is an English art historian specializing in Chinese art, especially Chinese ceramics, and has written a number of books.", "After studying at the School of Oriental and African Studies, she worked at the Percival David Foundation.", "She joined the Far Eastern Department in 1978.", "She was Keeper of the Far Eastern Department until her retirement in 2003", "She was made an \"honorary citizen\" of the historic centre of Chinese porcelain production in China in 2015, in recognition of her academic research and promotion of cultural exchange between the United Kingdom and China.", "She was the first non- Chinese citizen to be honoured.", "Rose Kerr was born in February of 1953.", "During the last year of the Cultural Revolution in 1975, she was one of a few British students to live and study in China.", "Career Kerr was Keeper of the Far Eastern Department at the Victoria & Albert Museum.", "Her work with a professor.", "The seminal series of works on Chinese science began with Ceramic Technology.", "A work of almost one thousand pages is the volume on Ceramic Technology.", "Information comes from historic texts, archaeological excavation and the principles of ceramic science.", "It covers the formation of clays and their relation to the underlying geologies of China, firing, manufacturing methods and sequence, glazes, pigments and gilding, and the impact of Chinese ceramic technology around the world from the 7th century onwards.", "The volume is a definitive source book for researchers.", "Her book Later Chinese Bronzes, published by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1990, broke new ground in the study of Chinese bronzes.", "The identification, dating and use of bronze vessels made in the Song-Qing dynasties was the subject of a book based on the collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum.", "She is an associate of the research institute at Cambridge University.", "She is an expert museum advisor for the Hong Kong Government, as well as a former chairman and Trustee of the Great Britain-China Education Trust.", "She was the president of the Oriental Ceramic Society of London.", "Kerr has taken sabbaticals at the National Palace Museum, Taipei, and the Shanghai Museum.", "She was a lecturer at the UK National Association of Decorative and Fine Art Societies for many years.", "Kerr was the first non- Chinese citizen in the UK when she was made an \"honorary citizen of Jingdezhen, China, the historic centre of Chinese porcelain production, in recognition of her outstanding contribution to academic research and the promotion of cultural exchange between the UK and China\".", "There were publications about ancient China.", "The Oriental Ceramic Society was in London in 1980.", "There is a Masterpiece revealed.", "V & A Publications was in London in 1985.", "Chinese Ceramics: Porcelain of the Qing Dynasty was written by John Larson.", "V & A Publications is located in London.", "There were Chinese Bronzes in the 1990s.", "V & A Publications is located in London.", "There is art and design in China.", "V & A Publications was in London in 1991.", "The Ceramics of the Middle Ming Period were Chinese.", "The David Foundation was founded in London in 1994.", "There are ceramics in the Victoria and Albert Museum.", "The Fine Art Publishing House was founded in 1997.", "Blanc De Chine was in the 2000s.", "There is porcelain from Dehua.", "The National Heritage Board is in Singapore.", "The World in Blue and White was written by two people.", "The Blue and White ceramics were from members of the Oriental Ceramic Society.", "The Oriental Ceramic Society is in London.", "Science and Civilisation in China Vol.5 Part 12 is about ceramic technology.", "Cambridge University Press.", "Song Dynasty Ceramics.", "V & A Publications is located in London.", "The world is in colors.", "The Oriental Ceramic Society held an exhibition of ceramics with coloured decoration from 700 to 1920.", "The Oriental Ceramic Society is in London.", "Song Through 21st Century Eyes is a book written by co-author and editor.", "The books are from the Netherlands.", "2010s Chinese exports.", "V & A Publications is located in London.", "The Chinese edition was published by Shanghai Guji.", "East Asian Ceramics.", "There is a collection called the Laura Collection.", "The person is Umberto Allemandi, Italy.", "\"The Porcelain City\" is a book written by William R. Sargent.", "There are Chinese export ceramics in the museum.", "The Yale University Press is in New Haven.", "The Leonora and Walter F. Brown collection has Chinese Ceramics.", "San Antonio Museum of Art.", "There is Asian art in the museum.", "The museum is in Amsterdam.", "There are Asian Ceramics in the Hallwyl Museum.", "Sweden, 2015.", "There are tankards and mugs.", "There is drinking from Chinese Export Porcelain.", "There are books byJorge Welsh in London and Lisbon.", "There are Chinese ivory Carvings.", "The collection is named after Sir Victor Sassoon.", "There is a publishing company called Scala Publishing.", "The Art Institute of Chicago in Hong Kong has a collection of Celadon Wares.", "The Overseas Effect of Yixing Zisha-stoneware was written by co-author.", "The co-author of 'Jingdezhen to the World: The Lurie Collection of Chinese Export Porcelain from the Late Ming Dynasty' is Teresa Canepa.", "The Enduring Beauty of Chinese Ceramics, 3MER Publishing, The Netherlands, is a book about Chinese ceramics." ]

[ "Rose Kerr", "Rose Kerr", "Career Kerr", "Kerr", "Kerr", "Rosemary Scott" ]

[ "Rose Kerr", "Rose Kerr", "Career Kerr", "Kerr", "Kerr" ]

[ "Francis Osborne (26 September 1593 – 4 February 1659) was an English essayist, known for his Advice to a Son, which became a very popular book soon after the English Restoration.", "Life\nHe was born, according to his epitaph, on 26 Sept. 1593, was fifth and youngest son of Sir John Osborne of Chicksands Priory, Shefford, Bedfordshire, by his wife Dorothy, daughter and coheiress of Richard Barlee, esq., of Effingham Hall, Essex.", "Sir John Osborne was son of Peter Osborne.", "Francis was educated privately at Chicksands.", "Coming to London as a youth, he hung about the court, and attracted the notice of William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, who made him his master of the horse.", "Subsequently, he was for a time employed in the office of the lord treasurer's remembrancer, which was presided over successively by his father and his eldest brother Peter.", "In politics and religion he sympathised with the popular party in parliament; but, although a close observer of public life, took no active part in it.", "After residing for a time at North Fambridge, Essex, he removed about 1650 to Oxford, to superintend the education of his son, John, and there printed a series of historical, political, and ethical tracts.", "He married Anna, sister of William Draper, colonel in the parliamentary army, and a parliamentary visitor of the university.", "They had three daughters, as well as one son John, to whom his Advice to a Son was written.", "Through Draper's influence Osborne obtained a small official employment under the Commonwealth.", "After the publication of his Advice to a Son in 1656, he gained a wide reputation, and paid many visits to London, he reckoned the philosopher Thomas Hobbes among his friends.", "He died at Draper's house at Nether Worton, near Deddington, Oxfordshire, on 11 February 1659, and was buried in the church there.", "His son John Osborne moved to Ireland, where he became Prime Serjeant, and died there in 1692.", "Advice to a Son\nFrancis Osborne's chief publication was his Advice to a Son, in two parts, of which the first was published in 1656, 'printed for H. Hath, printer to the university for Thomas Robinson,' and the second in 1658.", "The first part, which was divided into five sections, headed Studies, Love and Marriage, Travel, Government, and Religion, appeared without an author's name; it became popular at once, and after it had passed through five editions within two years Osborne declared himself the author.", "In 1658 the second part appeared, and he dedicated it under his own name to Draper, at the same time issuing a new edition of the first part, with his name on the title-page.", "The warnings against women with which he plied his son give the book a misogynist character, and it was ridiculed by John Heydon in his Advice to a Daughter, in opposition to Advice to a Son, 1658.", "A defence of Osborne appeared in Advice to Balaam's Ass, by Thomas Pecke, whom Heydon castigated in a second edition of his Advice to a Daughter, 1659.", "In Osborne's day his Advice to a Son found admirers among the young scholars at Oxford, but the clergy detected atheism in its vague references to religion, and denounced its evil influence.", "On 27 July 1658 the vice-chancellor, John Conant, accordingly summoned the Oxford booksellers before him, and told them sell no more copies of Osborne's book; but this direction caused the Advice, according to Anthony à Wood, to sell far more copies.", "At a later date Samuel Pepys studied it, and Sir William Petty told him that the three most popular books of his time were Osborne's Advice, Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, and Samuel Butler's Hudibras.", "Jonathan Swift wrote of Osborne in The Tatler as one who affected the phrases in fashion at court in his day, and soon became either unintelligible or ridiculous.", "James Boswell found the Advice shrewd, quaint, and lively; but Samuel Johnson told Boswell that Osborne was conceited: \"Were a man to write so now, the boys would throw stones at him.\"", "Other works\nHis Traditional Memoirs of the Reigns of Q. Elizabeth and King James I, 1658, supplies court gossip.", "This tract was reprinted by Sir Walter Scott in his Secret History of James I (Edinburgh, 1811).", "Other works by Osborne were: 1.", "A Seasonable Expostulation with the Netherlands, declaring their Ingratitude to and the Necessity of their Agreement with the Commonwealth of England, Oxford, 1652.", "2.", "Persuasive to mutual Compliance under the present Government, and Plea for a Free State compared with Monarchy, 1652.", "3.", "Political Reflections upon the Government of the Turks, with 'discourses' on Machiavelli, Luther, Nero's death, and other topics, 1656.", "4.", "Miscellany of sundry Essays, Paradoxes, Problematical Discourses, Letters, and Characters, together with political Deductions from the History of the Earl of Essex,' London, 1659.", "All these works were subsequently bound together, and entitled Osborne's Works.", "The collective edition of 1673 was brought to the notice of the House of Lords on 13 March 1676, on the ground that its incidental vindication of a republican form of government in England rendered it a seditious and treasonable publication.", "Reissues followed in 1682 (8th edit.", "), 1689 (9th edit.", "), 1701 (10th edit.", "), and 1722, in 2 vols.", "(11th edit.)", "To the last are prefixed a memoir of Osborne and many previously unprinted letters addressed by him to Colonel Draper between 1653 and 1658.", "Osborne has also been credited, apparently wrongly, with Private Christian's non ultra, or a Plea for the Layman's interpreting the Scriptures, Oxford, 1650, (anon.", "); with A Dialogue of Polygamy (London, 1657), translated from the Italian of Bernardino Ochino by 'a person of quality', and dedicated to the author of the Advice; and William Sprigge's A modest Plea for an equal Commonwealth against Monarchy.", "Works\n Advice to a Son (1656–1658)\n Political Reflections of the Government of the Turks\n Historical Memoires on the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James (1658)\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\n1593 births\n1659 deaths\nEnglish essayists\n17th-century English writers\n17th-century English male writers" ]

[ "After the English Restoration, Advice to a Son was a very popular book by Francis Osborne.", "His epitaph states that he was born on 26 September 1593.", "Sir John was the son of Peter.", "Francis was educated privately.", "He was made his master of the horse by William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, after he hung about the court.", "He worked for a time in the office of the lord treasurer's remembrancer, which was presided over by his father and brother.", "Although a close observer of public life, he sympathized with the popular party in parliament.", "After living in Essex for a while, he moved to Oxford to take over the education of his son, John.", "He married Anna, sister of William Draper, a colonel in the parliamentary army.", "His Advice to a Son was written for three daughters and a son.", "Osborne got a small official employment under the Commonwealth.", "After the publication of his Advice to a Son in 1656, he gained a wide reputation, and paid many visits to London.", "He was buried in the church at Deddington, near the house where he died, on February 11, 1659.", "The Prime Serjeant of Ireland died there in 1692.", "The first part of Advice to a Son was published in 1656 and the second in 1658.", "The first part, which was divided into five sections, headed Studies, Love and Marriage, Travel, Government, and Religion, appeared without an author's name; it became popular at once, and after it had passed through five editions within two years, Osborne declared himself the author.", "In 1658 the second part appeared, and he dedicated it under his own name to Draper, at the same time issuing a new edition of the first part, with his name on the title-page.", "Advice to a Son was ridiculed by John Heydon in his book, Advice to a Daughter, because the warnings against women gave the book a misogynist character.", "Heydon castigated Thomas Pecke in a second edition of his Advice to a Daughter, 1659.", "Atheism was detected in its vague references to religion, and the clergy denounced its evil influence, even though Advice to a Son found admirers among the young scholars at Oxford.", "According to Anthony Wood, the vice-chancellor summoned the Oxford booksellers before him and told them not to sell more copies of the book.", "Sir William Petty told SamuelPepys that the three most popular books of his time were \"Osborne's Advice, Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, and Samuel Butler's Hudibras.\"", "The phrases in fashion at court in Jonathan Swift's day were either ridiculous or unintelligible.", "Samuel Johnson told James Boswell that the boys would throw stones at him if he wrote Advice.", "His Traditional Memoirs of the Reigns of Q. Elizabeth and King James I was published in 1658", "The Secret History of James I was written by Sir Walter Scott.", "1 was one of the works by Osborne.", "The Necessity of their Agreement with the Commonwealth of England was declared in a seasonable exposition with the Netherlands.", "2.", "Plea for a Free State compared with Monarchy, 1652, is persuasive to mutual Compliance under the present Government.", "3.", "Machiavelli, Luther, Nero's death, and other topics were covered in Political Reflections upon the Government of the Turks.", "4.", "Political Deductions from the History of the Earl of Essex,' London, 1659.", "All of the works were bound together.", "The collective edition of 1673 was brought to the notice of the House of Lords on the grounds that it was a seditious and treasonable publication.", "In 1682 issues followed.", "1689 is the ninth edit.", "1701 is the tenth edit.", "In 2 vols.", "The eleventh edit.", "A memoir and many previously unprinted letters addressed to Colonel Draper are to the last.", "Private Christian's non ultra or a Plea for the Layman's interpreting the Scriptures have been credited, apparently wrongly.", "William Sprigge's A modest Plea for an equal Commonwealth against Monarchy and A Dialogue of Polygamy were both translated from the Italian by a person of quality.", "The Political Reflections of the Government of the Turks Historical Memoires on the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James were written by 17th-century English writers." ]

[ "Francis Osborne", "John Osborne", "John Osborne", "Peter Osborne", "Francis", "Osborne", "John Osborne", "Francis Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne" ]

[ "Francis Osborne", "Francis", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne", "Osborne" ]

[ "Enzo Petito (24 July 1897 – 17 July 1967) was an Italian film and stage character actor.", "A theatre actor under Eduardo De Filippo in the 1950s in the Teatro San Ferdinando of Naples, with whom he was professionally closely associated, Petito also appeared in several of his films, often co-starring Eduardo or/and brother, Peppino De Filippo, brothers who are considered to be amongst the greatest Italian actors of the 20th century.", "Petito played minor roles in some memorable commedia all'Italiana movies directed by the likes of Dino Risi and Mario Monicelli in the late 1950s and early 1960s, often appearing alongside actors such as Nino Manfredi, Alberto Sordi, Peppino De Filippo, Anna Maria Ferrero, and Totò.", "Although never a leading actor, he made a number of small appearances as character actors alongside Italy's leading film stars in films throughout the early to mid-1960s and is arguably best known in world cinema for his role as the store keeper in the Sergio Leone classic Spaghetti Western film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in 1966.", "His roles ranged from storekeepers and cobblers to priests and homeless men.", "His role of most esteem, however, is perhaps as Napoleon in Sergio Corbucci's comedy Chi si ferma è perduto in 1963.", "Biography\nHis great grandfather was Antonio Petito (1822–1876), also a Neapolitan, who was an esteemed stage actor, known for his roles as a Pulcinella in the commedia dell'arte theatrical scene.", "His first role in film was in Esodo Pratelli's comedy, A che servono questi quattrini?, in 1942, playing a notary alongside Eduardo De Filippo, Peppino De Filippo and Clelia Matania.", "The film was based on a play by Armando Curcio and adapted for the screen by Mario Massa.", "This role was significant as Petito was later part of the successful theater company \"La Scarpetta\", at the Teatro San Ferdinando of Naples, which was directed by Eduardo De Filippo, and he featured alongside actors on stage such as Ugo D'Alessio, Pietro De Vico and Franco Sportelli throughout the 1950s.", "It is Eduardo De Filippo indeed which Enzo Petito is most associated professionally with.", "In 1954, Petito portrayed a boatswain in Luigi Capuano's Ballata tragica alongside Teddy Reno, Beniamino Maggio, Nando Bruno and Tina Pica.", "This was followed by a small role in Mario Mattoli's comedy Poverty and Nobility, which featured Totò as the central character and also starred Sophia Loren.", "In 1956, Petito again appeared alongside Tina Pica in Siro Marcellini's Ci sposeremo a Capri, in a cast which also included Franco Sportelli, Enzo Turco, Lia Cancellieri and Franco Angeli.", "In 1959, Petito then portrayed Giovanni in the film Sogno di una notte di mezza sbornia, under his regular theatrical director Eduardo De Filippo who also starred as the main character in the film, with Pupella Maggio, Pietro De Vico, Graziella Marina and Nina De Padova supporting Petito and De Filippo.", "Later in 1959, Petito starred as a shoemaker in Dino Risi's Il vedovo, alongside Alberto Sordi, Franca Valeri, Livio Lorenzon and Nando Bruno.", "In 1960, Petito again featured under director Dino Risi in his comedy picture of that year, Il Mattatore, alongside Vittorio Gassman, Dorian Gray and previous co-stars Peppino De Filippo and Anna Maria Ferrero.", "However, Petito's role as \"Il cavalier Pizzola-to\" went uncredited.", "The film was nominated for best film at the 10th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Then, in 1961, Petito appeared in Vittorio de Sica's comedy The Last Judgement, (Il giudizio universale).", "On set Petito was around prominent actors such as Alberto Sordi, Vittorio Gassman, Nino Manfredi, Paolo Stoppa and Jack Palance.", "Later in 1961, Petito starred alongside Gérard Blain, Paola Borboni, Miranda Campa and Anna Maria Ferrero in Carlo Lizzani's L'oro di Roma.", "In 1962, Petito starred in five films.", "He played a small role as Galliano Rubinace, Rossella's Father in Luciano Salce's drama picture La cuccagna alongside Donatella Turri, Luigi Tenco and Umberto D'Orsi, Padre Guardiano in Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia's I quattro monaci alongside Peppino De Filippo, Aldo Fabrizi and Nino Taranto, and also had roles in Renato Polselli's war drama Ultimatum alla vita, Luigi Zampa's comedy Roaring Years, and also portrayed a homeless man in Marcello Baldi's thriller Il criminale, again appearing opposite Jack Palance.", "In 1963, Petito portrayed perhaps his role of most esteem as Napoleon in Sergio Corbucci's comedy Chi si ferma è perduto, also starring \nTotò, Peppino De Filippo, and Aroldo Tieri.", "In 1965, Petito played The Usher in segment \"4 'Cittadini, stato e chiesa', episode 1\" of Made in Italy and then starred in Io, io, io... e gli altri in 1966 which featured Gina Lollobrigida, Walter Chiari, Nino Manfredi and Marcello Mastroianni, amongst others.", "His final role in cinema was as the feeble, helpless storekeeper in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly who is abused by the bandit Tuco Benedicto (Eli Wallach) and robbed.", "Petito utters lines such as \"Colt, Remington, Smith & Wesson\" and \"It's all I have\" with a sad expression on his face and Tuco memorably places the store's closed sign in Petito's mouth as he departs as a gesture to keep quiet.", "Filmography\nA che servono questi quattrini?", "(1942) – Notary\nPoverty and Nobility (1954)\n Tragic Ballad (1954)\nBallata tragica (1954) – Nostromo\nCi sposeremo a Capri (1956) – The Police Commissioner\nIl vedovo (1959)\nSogno di una notte di mezza sbornia (1959) – Giovanni\nIl Mattatore (1960) – Il cavalier Pizzola-to (uncredited)\nWho Hesitates is LostChi si ferma è perduto (1960) -Napoleon \nThe Last Judgement (1961)\nL'oro di Roma (1961)\nUltimatum alla vita (1962)\nRoaring Years (1962)\nIl criminale (1962) – homeless man\nLa cuccagna (1962) – Galliano Rubinace, Rossella's Father\nI quattro monaci (1962) – Padre Guardiano\nMade in Italy (1965) – The Usher (segment \"4 'Cittadini, stato e chiesa', episode 1\")\nIo, io, io... e gli altri (1966)\nThe Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) – Mr. Milton, the guileless store keeper robbed by Tuco (final film role)\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\nItalian male film actors\nItalian male stage actors\nMale Spaghetti Western actors\nMale actors from Naples\n1897 births\n1967 deaths" ]

[ "An Italian film and stage character actor named Enzo Petito was born in 1897.", "A theatre actor under Eduardo De Filippo in the 1950s in the Teatro San Ferdinando of Naples, with whom he was professionally closely associated, Petito also appeared in several of his films.", "In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Petito appeared in a number of Italian movies directed by the likes of Mario Monicelli and Dino Risi.", "Although never a leading actor, he made a number of small appearances as character actors alongside Italy's leading film stars in films throughout the early to mid-1960s and is arguably best known in world cinema for his role as the store keeper in the Spaghetti Western film The Good.", "His roles ranged from storekeepers to priests.", "His role in Chi Si ferma perduto was that of Napoleon.", "Antonio Petito was a Neapolitan who was known for his roles in the commedia dell'arte theatrical scene.", "His first film role was in a comedy called A che servono questi quattrini?, which starred Eduardo De Filippo and others.", "The film was adapted from a play by Armando Curcio.", "Petito was part of the successful theater company \"La Scarpetta\" at the Teatro San Ferdinando of Naples, which was directed by Eduardo De Filippo, and he featured alongside actors on stage such as Ugo D'Alessio.", "Enzo Petito is most associated with Eduardo De Filippo.", "In Luigi Capuano's Ballata tragica, Petito played a boatswain with Teddy Reno and others.", "This was followed by a small role in Mario Mattoli's comedy Poverty and Nobility, which starred Tot as the central character.", "Petito was in a cast that also included Franco Sportelli, Enzo Turco, Lia Cancellieri and Franco Angeli.", "In 1959 Petito played Giovanni in the film Sogno di una notte di mezza sbornia, under the direction of Eduardo De Filippo who also starred as the main character.", "In 1959 Petito starred as a shoemaker in a film by Dino Risi.", "Vittorio Gassman, Dorian Gray, and previous co-stars of Petito's were in the 1960 comedy picture, Il Mattatore.", "Petito's role as \"Il cavalier Pizzola-to\" went uncredited.", "At the 10th Berlin International Film Festival, the film was nominated for best film.", "Petito appeared in Vittorio de Sica's comedy The Last Judgement in 1961.", "A number of prominent actors were around Petito on the set.", "In Carlo Lizzani's L'oro di Roma, Petito starred alongside Gérard Blain, Paola Borboni, Miranda Campa and Anna Maria Ferrero.", "Petito starred in five films.", "He played a small role as Galliano Rubinace, Rossella's Father in Luciano Salce's drama picture La cuccagna.", "In 1963, Petito played Napoleon in Chi Si ferma perduto, also starring Tot, Peppino De Filippo, and Aroldo Tieri.", "Petito starred in the first episode of Made in Italy and then in Io, io, io... e gli altri in 1966.", "He played the feeble, helpless storekeeper in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly who was abused by the bandit Tuco Benedicto and robbed.", "Tuco placed the store's closed sign in Petito's mouth as he left as a gesture to keep quiet.", "Filmography a questi quattrini?", "Intaglio Poverty and Nobility, Ballata tragica, Nostromo Ci sposeremo a Capri, and The Police Commissioner are some of the more well-known ones." ]

[ "Enzo Petito", "Petito", "Antonio Petito", "Petito", "Enzo", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Enzo", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito" ]

[ "Enzo Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Antonio Petito", "Petito", "Enzo", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Enzo", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito", "Petito" ]

[ "General Louis Dio (born October 14, 1908 in Vannes, died June 15, 1994 in Toulon), was a French army general.", "Biography \nAfter studying at the Collège Jules Simon between 1914 and 1925, he was accepted at age 18 at the French military academy of Saint-Cyr.", "Upon his graduation from the military academy and commissioning as an officer in 1928, Second Lieutenant Dio was assigned to the 18th Senegalese Infantry Regiment (Régiment de Tirailleurs Sénégalais, RTS) based in southern Tunisia.", "The young Breton officer promptly adapted to and embraced the austere desert lifestyle of the Tiralleurs.", "He perfected his knowledge of Arabic, the study of which he had undertaken at Saint-Cyr, and was also introduced to local African dialects.", "He chose to serve with the French Camel-mounted Troops (Méharistes), whose distinctive military culture was characterized by a nomadic existence in order to remain in permanent contact with the local populations.", "He immersed himself completely in this lifestyle, as evidenced, for example, by the customary, \"beautiful tattoos that went down to the fingers of his hands” he had drawn on his arms.", "Before the Second World War, apart from two brief stays in mainland France, he served three times in the most desolate and underdeveloped areas of the Sahara.", "From 1929 to 1933, he was posted north of Timbuktu in Arwan, French Sudan (present-day Mali).", "In 1933, he took command of the Groupe Nomade d’Arouan while still a lieutenant.", "He was cited for having successfully fought against looters at El Ksaib in 1932.", "Promoted to captain, he served from 1934 to 1937 in the Nema region, in the south-east of Mauritania.", "He commanded the Groupe Nomade du Hodh.", "In June 1935, he led a reconnaissance of more than 2,000 kilometers in inhospitable and previously unexplored areas of Nema.", "In 1938, he was assigned to northern Chad where he took command of the Groupe Nomade du Tibesti.", "Conversant in their language, he immersed himself in the local society and befriended the traditional chiefs.", "He became a confidant to Bey Ahmed, the spiritual leader of the Senoussis, as well as to the \"Alifa\" of Mao, who had authority over all the Kanem region.", "He maintained very close relations with them, and, in an unusual and unprecedented arrangement for a Roman Catholic officer of the French army, was authorized to sign \"canouns\"(legally binding judgments) rendered within the framework of Muslim civil law.", "When the war broke out, he was tasked with organizing a detachment of the Senegalese Infantry Regiment of Chad (Régiment de Tirailleurs Sénégalais du Tchad, RTST), destined to be sent as reinforcements to mainland France.", "Dio was taken unaware by the armistice of June 1940, which was concluded while he was awaiting the transport which was to repatriate him to France in Douala, Cameroon.", "On August 27, 1940, he was the first French officer to join Colonel Leclerc who had been sent from London by De Gaulle to rally the troops of the French Colonial Empire.", "With the active participation of the unit commanded by Captain Dio, Leclerc would seize Douala and then Yaoundé.", "With Gabon not willing to submit to Free France, Dio was put in charge of the column which departed from Cameroon and seized Mitzic then Lambaréné, on November 5, 1940.", "Appointed major at the end of 1940, he was called to Chad by Leclerc.", "His comprehensive knowledge of the human and geographical environment of the north of this country, which was in contact with the forces of the Axis, was invaluable to Leclerc.", "Together they took the Italian fort at Kufra in Southern Libya on March 1, 1941.", "This was the first combat victory for the French army in World War II.", "Leclerc swore his famous \"Kufra oath\" there after the Italian defeat, pledging to continue the fight until the Tricolor again flew over Strasbourg Cathedral.", "During the fighting, Major Dio was seriously injured while carrying out a night grenade assault on an Italian position.", "He was subsequently made a Companion of the Liberation by the head of Free France (decree of 7.12.1941).", "In 1942, he commanded the main unit of the Leclerc Column in the Fezzan, and gave the following instructions to his European troops: \"the natives of Fezzan are our future citizens... the natives will be respected in their person and their property\".", "At the beginning of 1943, with \"Force L\", he was first to enter Tripoli alongside British troops(January 26, 1943).", "In the summer of 1943, then a colonel, he took command of the Chadian Infantry (Marching) Regiment (Régiment de Marche du Tchad, RMT) which had recently been established and organized in Morocco by General Leclerc.", "In August 1944, he landed with this unit in Normandy and participated in the liberation of France within the 2nd (French) Armored Division, as commander of the Tactical Group Dio (Groupe Tactique Dio, GTD).", "He entered Paris on August 25, 1944 and subsequently continued to pursue the eastward offensive into Lorraine and Alsace.", "When he liberated Strasbourg on November 23, 1944, Leclerc said to him, \"This is it, old Dio.", "Now we can both croak\".", "The Tactical Group Dio ended the war in Berchtesgaden where, in early May 1944, its units were part of the conquest of Hitler’s Eagle’s Nest.", "In June 1945, faithful among the faithful, Colonel Louis Dio was personally chosen by General Leclerc to succeed him as commander of the 2nd (French) Armored Division.", "In October of the same year, at age 37, he became the youngest brigadier general in the French army.", "From 1946 to 1950, he commanded French forces in the territories of southern Tunisia, before serving in the Far East from 1950 to 1952 as commander of the land forces of Cambodia.", "Promoted to major general in 1955, he assumed command of the armed forces of the defense zone of French Equatorial Africa and Cameroon.", "He was opposed to the then emerging operational doctrine of \"revolutionary war\" espoused by many high-ranking officers of the French army, because of the \"psychological methods\" which it incorporated.", "He believed such methods were neither relevant to nor likely to be successful in confronting \"individuals with reflexes conditioned by a feudal or tribal sense of political and social relations and by an innate respect for absolute authority\".", "Dio, who had learned to love and respect the African peoples by sharing their lives during his years as méhariste, believed that this new doctrine of counter-revolutionary warfare, derived from the French experience of war in Indochina, was not applicable to Africans still steeped then in their ancient traditions.", "Considered to be the \"conscience of the Colonial corps\", he was appointed in 1961, as chief of the General Staff of the Land Forces Stationed Overseas, a temporary organization created to undertake the military planning needed in the era of the independence of the new African states.", "The main heads of state of French-speaking Africa relied on consultations with General Dio for assistance and support in the establishment of their new armed forces.", "From 1962 to 1969, his military responsibilities now less burdensome, he agreed to assume the presidency of the Association of Free French at the request of General de Gaulle.", "On July 6, 1962, he gave the eulogy for General Edgard de Larminat at his funeral.", "In 1965, he was promoted to the rank of general of the army and assumed duties as Inspector General of the Army.", "General Louis Dio, having reached the statutory age limit for military service, was placed on the retired list of the cadre of general officers in 1969 and thereupon retired to Toulon.", "He led a simple and discreet life, never looking back on his past and seeking neither honors nor glory, as evidenced by his will, in which he specified: \"I essentially want to be buried like an anonymous soldier, which I have never ceased being throughout my life in the deepest recesses of my heart\".", "He died in 1994 and was buried in private, according to his wishes, in the Colonial officers' section of Toulon cemetery, where he rests in perpetuity with his brothers in arms.", "On July 1, 2010, the RMT (régiment de marche du Tchad), of which he had been the first commander, occupied the garrison at Colmar-Meyenheim Air Base 132, which was renamed Quartier Colonel Dio in his honor.", "References\n\nExternal links \n Portrait of Louis Dio on the site of the Order of the Liberation (French)\n Fondation Maréchal Leclerc de Hautecloque (French)\n\n1908 births\n1994 deaths" ]

[ "General Louis Dio was a French army general who died in 1994.", "He was accepted to the French military academy at the age of 18 after studying at the Collge Jules Simon between 1914 and 1925.", "After graduating from the military academy and being commissioned as an officer, Second Lieutenant Dio was assigned to the 18th Senegalese Infantry Regiment based in southern Tunisia.", "The young officer quickly adapted to the desert lifestyle.", "He studied Arabic at Saint-Cyr and was introduced to local African dialects.", "He chose to serve with the French Camel-mounted Troops, whose unique military culture was characterized by a nomadic existence in order to remain in contact with the local populations.", "He had beautiful tattoos that went down to the fingers of his hands and he immersed himself completely in this lifestyle.", "He served in the most desolate areas of the Sahara three times before the Second World War.", "He was posted north of Timbuktu in French Sudan from 1929 to 1933.", "While still a lieutenant, he took command of the Groupe Nomade d'Arouan in 1933.", "He was cited for fighting against looters.", "He served as a captain from 1934 to 1937 in the Nema region.", "He commanded the group.", "He led a survey of more than 2,000 kilometers in inhospitable and previously unexplored areas of Nema in June 1935.", "He took command of the Groupe Nomade du Tibesti in northern Chad in 1938.", "He befriended the traditional chiefs and immersed himself in the local society.", "He became close to Bey Ahmed, the spiritual leader of the Senoussis, as well as to the \"Alifa\" of Mao, who had authority over all the Kanem region.", "He was authorized to sign \"canouns\", legally binding judgments, in an unusual and unprecedented arrangement for a Roman Catholic officer of the French army.", "When the war broke out, he was tasked with organizing a group of soldiers to be sent to France.", "The armistice of June 1940 was concluded while he was waiting for the transport to bring him back to France.", "He was the first French officer to join Colonel Leclerc who was sent from London by De Gaulle to rally the troops of the French Empire.", "Leclerc would seize Douala and Yaoundé with the active participation of the unit commanded by Captain Dio.", "On November 5, 1940, Mitzic and Lambaréné were seized by the column which was put in charge after Free France refused to submit to them.", "He was called to Chad by Leclerc at the end of 1940.", "His knowledge of the human and geographical environment of the north of the country was important to Leclerc.", "On March 1, 1941, they took the Italian fort at Kufra.", "In World War II, this was the first combat victory for the French army.", "After the Italian defeat, Leclerc swore his famous \"Kufra oath\", promising to continue the fight until the Tricolor flew over Strasbourg Cathedral.", "Major Dio was seriously injured during the fighting when he carried out a night grenade assault on an Italian position.", "He was made a Companion of the Liberation by the head of Free France.", "In 1942, he commanded the main unit of the Leclerc Column in the Fezzan, and gave instructions to his European troops: \"the natives of Fezzan are our future citizens\".", "He was the first to enter Tripoli with \"Force L\" at the beginning of 1943.", "In the summer of 1943, he took command of the Chadian Infantry (Marching) Regiment, which had recently been established and organized by General Leclerc.", "During the liberation of France within the 2nd (French) Armored Division, he was the commander of the Tactical Group Dio.", "After entering Paris on August 25, 1944, he continued to pursue the eastward offensive.", "\"This is it, old Dio,\" Leclerc said to him when he liberated Strasbourg.", "Both of us can now croak.", "In early May 1944, the Tactical Group Dio was part of the conquest of Hitler's Eagle's nest.", "Colonel Louis Dio was chosen by General Leclerc to succeed him as commander of the 2nd (French) Armored Division.", "He became the youngest brigadier general in the French army at the age of 37.", "He was commander of the land forces of Cambodia from 1950 to 1952 and commanded French forces in the territories of southern Tunisia from 1946 to 1950.", "He was promoted to major general in 1955 and took charge of the armed forces of the defense zone.", "He was against the doctrine of \"revolutionary war\" because of its use of psychological methods.", "He believed that such methods were not likely to be successful in confronting individuals with reflexes conditioned by a feudal or tribal sense of political and social relations and by an innate respect for absolute authority.", "The new doctrine of counter-revolutionary warfare, derived from the French experience of war in Indochina, was not applicable to Africans who were still steeped in their ancient culture.", "In 1961, he was appointed as the chief of the General Staff of the Land Forces Stationed Overseas, a temporary organization created to undertake the military planning needed in the era of the independence of the new African states.", "The heads of state of French-speaking Africa relied on consultations with General Dio to establish their new armed forces.", "At the request of General de Gaulle, he assumed the presidency of the Association of Free French from 1962 to 1969.", "On July 6, 1962, he spoke at the funeral of General de Larminat.", "He assumed duties as Inspector General of the Army in 1965, after being promoted to the rank of general of the army.", "General Louis Dio was placed on the retired list of general officers in 1969 after reaching the statutory age limit for military service.", "He led a simple and discreet life, never looking back on his past and seeking neither honors nor glory, as evidenced by his will, in which he specified: \"I essentially want to be buried like an anonymous soldier, which I have never ceased being throughout my life in the deepest of my", "He died in 1994 and was buried in a section of the cemetery known as the Colonial officers' section.", "The garrison at Colmar-Meyenheim Air Base 132 was renamed Quartier Colonel Dio in honor of him.", "There are external links on the site of the Order of the Liberation." ]

[ "Louis Dio", "Dio", "Dio", "Dio", "Dio", "Dio", "Louis Dio", "Dio", "Dio", "Louis Dio", "Louis Dio" ]

[ "Louis Dio", "Dio", "Dio", "Dio", "Louis Dio", "Dio", "Louis Dio" ]

[ "Nikos Angelos Salingaros (; born 1952 in Perth, Australia) is a mathematician and polymath known for his work on urban theory, architectural theory, complexity theory, and design philosophy.", "He has been a close collaborator of the architect Christopher Alexander, with whom Salingaros shares a harsh critical analysis of conventional modern architecture.", "Like Alexander, Salingaros has proposed an alternative theoretical approach to architecture and urbanism that is more adaptive to human needs and aspirations, and that combines rigorous scientific analysis with deep intuitive experience.", "Salingaros published substantive research on Algebras, Mathematical Physics, Electromagnetic Fields, and Thermonuclear Fusion before turning his attention to Architecture and Urbanism.", "Salingaros still teaches mathematics, and is Professor of Mathematics at the University of Texas at San Antonio.", "He is also on the Architecture faculties of universities in Italy, Mexico, and The Netherlands.", "Personal\nBorn to Greek parents, Salingaros is the only child of the popular composer Stelios Salingaros; he is also the nephew of the operatic baritone Spyros Salingaros ().", "Education\nSalingaros began working in the arts as a painter, but soon switched to the sciences.", "He obtained a bachelor's degree in Physics from the University of Miami, Florida.", "He took his Master’s in 1974 and Doctorate in 1978 at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.", "In 1982, he started a long-term collaboration with Christopher Alexander, becoming one of the editors of The Nature of Order, Alexander’s four-volume masterwork on aesthetics and the geometric processes of nature.", "Career\nSalingaros joined the Mathematics faculty of the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1983, where he remains today.", "In the 1990s, Salingaros began to publish his own research on architectural and urban form.", "In 1997 he was recipient of the first award ever by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for research on architectural topics.", "In 2003, he was elected to the Committee of Honor, International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism (INTBAU), and to the INTBAU College of Traditional Practitioners.", "Writings\nSalingaros' writings helped to introduce two key concepts in urban morphology, fractals and networks.", "His book Principles of Urban Structure has been compared to that of Michael Batty (United Kingdom) and Pierre Frankhauser (France) in describing cities as giant fractals, and the separate efforts of Paul Drewe (Holland) and Gabriel Dupuy (France) in describing cities as giant networks.", "His work links urban form to new concepts such as the Small-world network and the Scale-free network.", "Michael Batty, Bartlett Professor of Planning at University College London, wrote about Salingaros' contribution: \"He shows how networks which evolve from the bottom up lead to ordered (scaled) hierarchies that are both efficient and well adjusted.", "… This is the theory of the small world, but contained within, there is the germ of an idea which has barely been exploited.", "In connecting elements in cities, there is a natural ordering from many short links which aggregate to a lesser number of longer links which, in my view, could be linked to small worlds, to scale-free networks, to power law distributions and, more significantly, to changes in transportation technology.", "Salingaros is the first to hint at this.\"", "Ref.", "A Theory of Architecture, a collection of previously published papers, describes a set of guidelines for design, giving scientific principles that link forms to human sensibilities.", "In it he describes a practical architectural system in a form that any practicing architect can use.", "The work incorporates Salingaros’ observations of the greatest buildings of the past, which he defines as those that are the most responsive to human sensibilities.", "While this method and its theoretical underpinning support traditional architectural typologies, Salingaros emphasizes that architects should be free to adapt their ideas to particular situations, leaving decisions to be influenced by the environment and needs of the project.", "He explores questions such as: How can ornament be justified, and why is it necessary?", "What are the ratios and hierarchies that promote neighborliness and beauty?", "What is it about our biological nature — perhaps even about the nature of matter itself — that makes us feel one thing in the presence of one kind of structure and something else in the presence of another?", "Speaking as a mathematician, he proposes a theoretical framework to answer these questions.", "Anti-Architecture and Deconstruction is a collection of essays written as a polemic against contemporary \"star\" architecture, and its supporters within architectural academia and the architectural media.", "It is an impassioned indictment against the \"bad architecture\" that he argues has been promoted by their actions.", "Salingaros defines \"bad architecture\" as that which makes people uncomfortable or physically ill, and which pursues formal or ideological concerns instead of adapting to nature and to the needs of ordinary human beings.", "\"Social Housing in Latin America: A Methodology to Utilize Processes of Self-Organization\", by Nikos Salingaros, David Brain, Andres Duany, Michael Mehaffy & Ernesto Philibert, outlined the role of socio-spatial relations in guaranteeing a successful built environment.", "The principal urbanist problem facing the world today concerns the socio-political processes in the planning and construction of social housing, as well as the large-scale renovation of favelas.", "This paper identified urban space that is loved by its inhabitants, enough to be defended against encroachment and degradation, as a crucial concept.", "The criterion is an emotional one, and arises from the correct satisfaction of the residents' emotional needs through the appropriate urban morphology, which is in turn created only through user participation (in a bottom-up process guided by an NGO representative).", "This successful type of urban space rarely arises from the typologies of post-war planning.", "Salingaros’ newer writings focus on biophilia as an essential component of the design of the human environment, thus joining the ideas of Edward Osborne Wilson to Sustainable design.", "Influence\n\nArchitecture\nSalingaros has had a significant theoretical influence on several major figures in architecture.", "Christopher Alexander, author of the seminal treatises A Pattern Language and Notes on the Synthesis of Form, describes Salingaros' influence: \"In my view, the second person who began to explore the deep connection between science and architecture was Nikos Salingaros, one of the four Katarxis editors.", "He had been working with me helping me edit material in The Nature of Order, for years, and at some point—in the mid-nineties I think—began writing papers looking at architectural problems in a scientific way.", "Then by the second half of the nineties he began making important contributions to the building of this bridge, and to scientific explorations in architecture which constituted a bridge.\"", "Prince Charles, an influential critic of contemporary architecture, expressed Salingaros' influence in his own preface to Salingaros’ A Theory of Architecture: \"Surely no voice is more thought-provoking than that of this intriguing, perhaps historically important, new thinker?\"", "Tall buildings\nThe End of Tall Buildings (2001), co-authored with James Kunstler, argued that the age of skyscrapers is at an end, and that 9/11 marks the beginning of the end of modernist typologies dominating urban form.", "While the world has not stopped building skyscrapers, this became one of the most cited and controversial essays on the topic.", "Referring to this essay, Benjamin Forgey of The Washington Post said: \"What many are feeling today goes right to the marrow: the fear of being a target.", "And who today can deny that tall buildings such as the World Trade Center towers make ideal targets?\"", "Urbanism\nSalingaros contributed to the New Athens Charter of 2003, which is meant to replace the original 1933 Athens Charter written principally by the highly influential modernist architect-planner Le Corbusier.", "That blueprint segregated urban functions and contributed to generating post-war urban typologies such as monoculture and sprawl.", "Through this and other writings Salingaros sought to retrofit suburbia, and reconnect US and European cities at the human scale.", "This work can be seen as allied with the New Urbanism movement to replace sprawling development with compact, walkable cities and towns.", "Salingaros is involved in forming a community that applies analogous techniques of File sharing and Open-source software from computer science to urbanism.", "This movement, based upon Peer-to-peer principles, is aptly called P2P Urbanism, and combines user participation in design and the use of Design Patterns from Christopher Alexander with other methods found useful in handling complex software.", "A description, definition, and recent articles are published on the website of the Foundation for Peer to Peer Alternatives.", "Computer science\nSalingaros has never written a true software paper, yet two of his papers are quoted by the CS community.", "Both these papers were later included as chapters in the book Principles of Urban Structure.", "The Structure of Pattern Languages (2000) argues that patterns (a concept central to the design pattern movement in CS and introduced by Alexander) encapsulate information about recurring design solutions and human activities.", "Techniques for linking observed patterns validate a Pattern language, and dismiss stylistic rules and antipatterns as arbitrary.", "E. Todd, E. Kemp and C. Phillips commented: \"Salingaros shows that a loose collection of patterns is not a system, because it lacks connections, implying that the quality and nature of the connections between patterns is what determines whether a collection is a language or not.", "He identifies two forms of connectivity when discussing pattern languages: external connectivity and internal connectivity.", "These two forms of connection are central to validating a pattern language.", "Salingaros implies that the richness of connections between levels and within levels in a pattern language is a factor in determining a language’s internal validity.\"", "The Information Architecture of Cities (co-authored with L. Andrew Coward, 2004) Ref.", "describes cities as systems of informational architecture, in which high-level functionality separates the system into communicating modules.", "Information exchange in urban systems includes visual input from the environment, personal contact, telecommunications, and the movement of people.", "Journeys by residents through a city accomplish a primary information exchange (the interaction that is the intent of the journey).", "But ideally, journeys have secondary, serendipitous information exchange.", "For example, a pedestrian on the way to work visits shops, sees advertisements, buys a newspaper, encounters a friend and has a quick word.", "The virtue of cities is this dense, fractal, multilayered information exchange.", "It is closely related to the generation of economic wealth and culture within cities.", "In \"The Information Architecture of Cities\" Salingaros also defined the useful notion of \"fractal loading\", later picked up by Richard Veryard, Phil Jones, and others in Computer Science.", "Complexity\nSalingaros introduced a model of Complexity by using an analogy with thermodynamic quantities in physics, later developed in collaboration with the Computer Scientist Allen Klinger.", "This work adopted the notion of Herbert A. Simon that what is important is the organization of complexity, and it proposed a simple means to measure it.", "Christopher Alexander discussed Salingaros’ model in Book 1 of The Nature of Order: \"I believe it is important to show this result simply to underline the fact that living structure is, in principle, susceptible to mathematical treatment, and may therefore be regarded as a part of physics.\"", "Philosophy\nSalingaros has been a harsh critic of deconstructivism in architecture, and its uncritical application of the philosophy of post-structuralism.", "His essay \"The Derrida Virus\" argues that the ideas of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, applied in an uncritical way, effectively form an information \"virus\" that dismantles logical thought and knowledge.", "Salingaros employs the meme model earlier introduced by Richard Dawkins to explain the transmission of ideas.", "In so doing he provides a model that validates earlier claims by philosopher Richard Wolin that Derrida’s philosophy is logically nihilistic.", "Even though Salingaros uses Dawkins’ ideas, he nevertheless strongly disagrees with Dawkins’ evaluation of religion as just another meme, as expounded in Dawkins’ book The God Delusion.", "Supporting Alexander’s most recent work tying religion to geometry, Salingaros argues for the important historic contribution of religious tradition to human understanding, both in architecture and in philosophy.", "General\nSalingaros has been included in \"50 VISIONARIES who are changing your world\", published in the November–December 2008 edition of Utne Reader.", "This is the first follow-up of the 2001 Utne Reader book \"(65) VISIONARIES: people and ideas to change your life\", which included Jane Jacobs, Andrés Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Muhammad Yunus, Fritjof Capra, Edward Goldsmith, and William McDonough.", "Bibliography\n\"The Derrida Virus\".", "Telos 126 (Winter 2003).", "New York: Telos Press.", "Anti-Architecture and Deconstruction (2004; 2nd Ed 2007)\nPrinciples of Urban Structure (2005)\nA Theory of Architecture (2006)\nThe Future of Cities (in press 2007)\n\nSee also\nUrban morphology#Morphogenetic School\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Nikos A. Salingaros: Papers on Architecture, Complexity, Patterns, and Urbanism\n International Society of Biourbanism (ISB)\n Michael Blowhard interviews Nikos Salingaros\n Manner of Man Magazine interview Nikos Salingaros\n Nikos Salingaros interviews Leon Krier\n NPR panel discussion on saving the TWA terminal at Kennedy Airport\n International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism (INTBAU)\n Lakis Polykarpou interviews James Howard Kunstler and Nikos Salingaros\n\nAustralian emigrants to the United States\nUniversity of Texas at San Antonio faculty\nAustralian architecture writers\nAustralian people of Greek descent\nLiving people\n1952 births\nNew Classical architecture\nArchitectural theoreticians" ]

[ "Salingaros is a mathematician and polymath known for his work on urban theory, architectural theory, complexity theory, and design philosophy.", "Salingaros shares a harsh critical analysis of conventional modern architecture with the architect Christopher Alexander.", "Salingaros has proposed an alternative theoretical approach to architecture and urbanism that is more adaptive to human needs and desires, and that combines rigorous scientific analysis with deep intuitive experience.", "Salingaros focused his attention on architecture and urbanism after publishing research on mathematicians and physicists.", "Salingaros is a professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio.", "He is on the faculties of universities in Italy, Mexico, and The Netherlands.", "Salingaros is the only child of a popular composer and an opera singer.", "Salingaros began working in the sciences as a painter.", "He obtained a bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Miami.", "He received his masters in 1974 and doctorate in 1978 from the State University of New York.", "He was one of the editors of The Nature of Order, Christopher Alexander's four-volume masterwork on aesthetic and geometric processes of nature.", "Career Salingaros joined the mathematics faculty at the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1983.", "Salingaros began to publish his own research on architecture in the 1990s.", "He received the first award for research on architectural topics in 1997.", "In 2003 he was elected to the Committee of Honor, International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism.", "The writings of Salingaros helped to introduce two key concepts.", "His book Principles of Urban Structure has been compared to the work of Michael Batty and Pierre Frankhauser, and the work of Paul Drewe and Gabriel Dupuy.", "The Small-world network and the Scale-free network are new concepts that he links to urban form.", "\"Salingaros shows how networks which evolve from the bottom up lead to ordered (scaled) hierarchies that are both efficient and well adjusted,\" wrote Michael Batty, Professor of Planning at University College London.", "There is a germ of an idea which has barely been exploited in the theory of the small world.", "In connecting elements in cities, there is a natural ordering from many short links which aggregate to a lesser number of longer links which, in my view, could be linked to small worlds, to scale-free networks, to power law distributions and, more significantly, to changes in transportation technology.", "Salingaros was the first to hint at this.", "Ref.", "A Theory of Architecture is a collection of previously published papers that describe a set of guidelines for design.", "He describes a system that any practicing architect can use.", "The work is based on Salingaros' observations of the greatest buildings of the past.", "While this method and its theoretical underpinning support traditional architectural typologies, Salingaros emphasizes that architects should be free to adapt their ideas to particular situations, leaving decisions to be influenced by the environment and needs of the project.", "How can ornament be justified and why is it necessary are some of the questions he explores.", "What are the rules for neighborliness and beauty?", "We feel one thing in the presence of one structure and another in the presence of another, but what is it about our biological nature that makes us feel that way?", "He proposes a framework to answer the questions.", "Anti-Architecture and Deconstruction is a collection of essays written against contemporary \"star\" architecture and its supporters within architectural academia and the architectural media.", "He argues that the bad architecture has been promoted by their actions.", "Salingaros defines bad architecture as that which makes people uncomfortable or physically ill, and which pursues formal or ideological concerns instead of adapting to nature and to the needs of ordinary human beings.", "\"Social Housing in Latin America: A Methodology to Utilize Processes of Self-Organization\" was written by a group of people.", "The planning and construction of social housing is one of the main urbanist problems facing the world today.", "The paper identified urban space that is loved by its inhabitants as a crucial concept.", "The criterion is an emotional one, and arises from the correct satisfaction of the residents' emotional needs through the appropriate urban morphology, which is in turn created only through user participation.", "The type of urban space that is successful is not the result of post-war planning.", "Biophilia is an essential component of the design of the human environment according to Salingaros' newer writings.", "Influence Architecture Salingaros has had an influence on several major figures in architecture.", "Christopher Alexander, author of the seminal treatises A Pattern Language and Notes on the Synthesis of Form, describes Salingaros' influence.", "At some point in the mid-nineties, he began writing papers looking at architectural problems in a scientific way, after helping me edit material in The Nature of Order for years.", "He made important contributions to the building of this bridge and to scientific explorations in architecture which constituted a bridge in the second half of the 90's.", "Prince Charles, an influential critic of contemporary architecture, expressed Salingaros' influence in his own preface to A Theory of Architecture: \"Perhaps no voice is more thought-provoking than that of this intriguing, perhaps historically important, new thinker?\"", "According to The End of Tall Buildings, the age of skyscrapers is at an end, and that 9/11 marks the beginning of the end of modernism in urban form.", "One of the most controversial essays on the topic was about skyscrapers.", "Benjamin Forgey of The Washington Post said, \"What many are feeling today goes right to the marrow: the fear of being a target.\"", "The World Trade Center towers are ideal targets.", "The New Athens Charter of 2003 is meant to replace the original 1933 Athens Charter written by Le Corbusier.", "It contributed to the creation of post-war urban typologies such as monoculture and segregating.", "Salingaros sought to connect US and European cities at the human scale through this and other writings.", "The work can be seen as allied with the New Urbanism movement to replace sprawl with smaller cities and towns.", "Salingaros is involved in forming a community that uses the same techniques as File sharing and Open-source software.", "The P2P Urbanism movement combines user participation in design and the use of Design Patterns from Christopher Alexander with other methods found useful in handling complex software.", "A description, definition, and recent articles can be found on the website of the Foundation for Peer to Peer Alternatives.", "Two of Salingaros' papers are quoted by the community, but he has never written a true software paper.", "The papers were included in the book Principles of Urban Structure.", "The structure of pattern languages argues that patterns are a concept central to the design pattern movement and that they contain information about recurring design solutions and human activities.", "Techniques for linking observed patterns confirm a pattern language.", "\"Salingaros shows that a loose collection of patterns is not a system because it lacks connections, implying that the quality and nature of the connections between patterns is what determines whether a collection is a language or not.\"", "External and internal connections are identified when discussing pattern languages.", "The two forms of connection are important to the validation of a pattern language.", "Salingaros suggests that the richness of connections between levels in a pattern language is a factor in determining a language's internal validity.", "The Information Architecture of Cities was co-authored by L. Andrew Coward.", "Cities are systems of informational architecture, in which high-level functionality separates the system into communicating modules.", "Information exchange in urban systems involves visual input from the environment, personal contact, telecommunications, and the movement of people.", "The interaction that is the intent of the journey is the primary information exchange.", "In order for journeys to have secondary, serendipitous information exchange, they need to travel.", "A person on the way to work sees advertisements, buys a newspaper, sees a friend and has a quick word.", "The virtue of cities is their information exchange.", "It's related to the generation of economic wealth and culture in cities.", "The useful notion of \"fractal loading\" was defined in \"The Information Architecture of Cities\" by Salingaros.", "The model of Complexity was developed in collaboration with the Computer Scientist Allen Klinger.", "The idea of Herbert A. Simon is that what is important is the organization of complexity.", "In Book 1 of The Nature of Order, Christopher Alexander discussed Salingaros' model and said it was important to show it to underscore the fact that living structure is susceptible to mathematical treatment.", "Salingaros was a harsh critic of deconstructivism and its uncritical application of the philosophy of post-structuralism.", "According to his essay, the ideas of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, applied in an uncritical way, effectively form an information \"viruses\" that dismantles logical thought and knowledge.", "Richard Dawkins introduced the meme model to explain the transmission of ideas.", "He provided a model that supports the idea that Derrida's philosophy is logically nihilistic.", "Salingaros uses Dawkins' ideas, but still disagrees with Dawkins' view of religion as a meme in his book The God Delusion.", "The historic contribution of religious tradition to human understanding, both in architecture and philosophy, is argued for by Salingaros.", "The November–December 2008 edition of Utne Reader has a feature on General Salingaros.", "The 2001 Utne Reader book \"(65) VISIONARIES: people and ideas to change your life\" was the first follow-up.", "The quote is \"The Derrida Virus\".", "Telos 126 was winter in 2003", "Telos Press is in New York.", "The Future of Cities is a paper on the theory of architecture." ]

[ "Nikos Angelos Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Stelios Salingaros", "Spyros Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Nikos", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Nikos", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Nikos", ". Salingaros", "Nikos", "Salingaros", "Nikos", "Nikos", "Salingaros", "Nikos" ]

[ "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "Salingaros", "General Salingaros" ]

[ "Demetrius II (, Dēmḗtrios B; died 125 BC), called Nicator (, Nikátōr, \"Victor\"), was one of the sons of Demetrius I Soter.", "His mother may have been Laodice V, as was the case with his brother Antiochus VII Sidetes.", "Demetrius ruled the Seleucid Empire for two periods, separated by a number of years of captivity in Hyrcania in Parthia, first from September 145 BC to July/August 138 BC, and again from 129 BC until his death in 125 BC.", "His brother Antiochus VII ruled the Seleucid Empire in the interim between his two reigns.", "Biography\n\nEarly life \nWhen he was a young boy, Demetrius's father Demetrius I fought Alexander Balas for control of the Seleucid throne.", "Somewhat surprisingly, Balas won, and Demetrius's father, mother, and older brother were all killed.", "The young Demetrius II fled to Crete, where he was raised by his guardians.", "First reign (147–139 BC)\n\nVictory over Alexander Balas\nAbout 147 BC he returned to Syria with a force of Cretan mercenaries led by a man called Lasthenes, while Alexander Balas was occupied with a revolt in Cilicia.", "In 145 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor, king of Egypt, ostensibly in support of Alexander Balas, but he switched his support to Demetrius, perhaps after receiving an offer to formalize the Ptolemaic occupation of Coele-Syria.", "Ptolemy sealed the alliance by divorcing his daughter Cleopatra Thea from Alexander and remarrying her to Demetrius.", "Shortly after, Antioch surrendered to the Egyptian forces and offered the kingship to Ptolemy VI.", "However, he insisted Demetrius would become king, believing that Rome would not tolerate the unification of Egypt and Syria.", "Ptolemy pledged to serve as \"a tutor in goodness and a guide\" to Demetrius II.", "He probably intended for Demetrius to serve as a puppet ruler.", "Alexander returned from Cilicia with his army, but Ptolemy VI and Demetrius II defeated his forces at Battle of the Oenoparas river.", "Alexander then fled to Arabia, where he was killed.", "Ptolemy was wounded in the battle and died three days later.", "With both his rival and his self-appointed guardian gone, Demetrius took the opportunity to assert his control over his kingdom.", "By late 145, Demetrius II had expelled all Ptolemaic troops from Syria and reasserted Seleucid control by leading his own forces all the way down to the Egyptian border.", "Antiochene riots\n\nHowever, new troubles soon arose.", "Once he had expelled the Egyptian forces, he demobilised a large portion of his army.", "It appears that his financial situation led him to cut the soldiers' wages and debase the coinage.", "Demetrius had also punished the city of Antioch severely for having supported Alexander against his father and for speaking to him disrespectfully.", "He disarmed the citizens and the Cretan mercenaries under Lasthenes slaughtered those who resisted, including women and children.", "This led the Antiochenes to rise up and besiege Demetrios in his palace.", "Jewish troops violently restored Demetrius' control, burning down a large portion of the city in the process.", "This left the city even more hostile to him.", "Rebellion of Diodotus\nIn order to secure his hold on power, Demetrius had eliminated officials associated with Alexander Balas.", "One of these officials, the general Diodotus, fled into Arabia, where he secured the infant son of Alexander Balas and proclaimed him king as Antiochus VI Dionysus.", "Many of Demetrius' soldiers defected to Diodotus, out of anger at his conduct or the cuts to their pay.", "Demetrius was defeated in battle and lost control of Apamea and Antioch to Diodotus.", "Numismatic evidence indicates that Apamea was lost in early 144 and Antioch in late 144 or early 143.", "Demetrius proved unable to retake the capital, instead establishing himself in Seleucia Pieria.", "Antiochus VI died in 142 or 141, but Diodotus made himself king as Tryphon, but the division of the kingdom between Demetrius in Seleucia and Diodotus in Antioch persisted.", "Initially, Diodotus succeeded in bringing the leader of the Jews, Jonathan Apphus, onto his side, but this relationship broke down; ultimately Diodotus captured and executed Jonathan.", "By means of adroit diplomacy and grants of extensive freedoms, Demetrios II was able to secure the Jonathan's brother Simon Thassi as a close ally.", "These grants were later seen by the Hasmonean Jewish state as the moment when they achieved full independence.", "Parthian war and captivity (139–130 BC)\n\nMithridates I, king of Parthia had taken advantage of the conflict between Demetrius and Tryphon to seize control of Susa and Elymais in 144 and of Mesopotamia in mid-141 BC.", "In 139/8, Demetrius journeyed east to reclaim these territories from the Parthians.", "He was initially successful, but was defeated in the Iranian mountains and taken prisoner in July or August of 138 BC.", "Parthian control of Mesopotamia was thus reaffirmed.", "In Syria, Tryphon was briefly left as uncontested ruler of the remaining Seleucid territories, but the Seleucid dynasty's grip was reestablished under Antiochus VII Sidetes, the younger brother of Demetrius, who also married Cleopatra Thea.", "King Mithridates had kept Demetrius II alive and even married him to a Parthian princess named Rhodogune, with whom he had children.", "However, Demetrius was restless and twice tried to escape from his exile in Hyrcania on the shores of the Caspian Sea, once with the help of his friend Kallimander, who had gone to great lengths to rescue the king: he had travelled incognito through Babylonia and Parthia.", "When the two friends were captured, the Parthian king did not punish Kallimander but rewarded him for his fidelity to Demetrius.", "The second time Demetrius was captured when he tried to escape, Mithridates humiliated him by giving him a golden set of dice, thus hinting that Demetrius II was a restless child who needed toys.", "It was however for political reasons that the Parthians treated Demetrius II kindly.", "In 130 BC Antiochus Sidetes felt secure enough to march against Parthia, and scored massive initial successes.", "Now Phraates II made what he thought was a powerful move: he released Demetrius, hoping that the two brothers would start a civil war.", "However, Sidetes was defeated soon after his brother's release and never met him.", "Phraates II sent people to pursue Demetrius, but he managed to safely return home to Syria and regained his throne and his queen as well.", "Second reign (130–125 BC)\nHowever, the Seleucid kingdom was now but a shadow of its former glory, and Demetrius had a hard time ruling.", "Notably, his first wife Cleopatra Thea detested her returned husband.", "He was apparently unpopular, perhaps from memories of his humiliating defeat and general discontent with the decline of the Empire, and perhaps from resentment that he had lived while so many Seleucid soldiers and family members sent to Parthia had died.", "To the good luck of Demetrius, however, Phraates II was faced by an invasion from Sacaen nomads to his east.", "The Parthians attempted to use captured Greeks against the Sacaeans, but they mostly defected, and Phraates was killed in battle.", "The next Parthian king, Artabanus, also had a short and violent reign fighting in the east rather than to Parthia's west.", "This gave the Seleucid Empire a temporary reprieve from the Parthian threat.", "At the time in Ptolemaic Egypt, a power struggle developed between Queen Cleopatra II and her brother king Ptolemy VIII.", "Cleopatra had the support of the Greek administration in the capital Alexandria, while Ptolemy VIII had the support of the countryside and native Egyptians.", "Cleopatra II might have sent out a request for aid to Demetrius II, or he might have gotten an impression from travelers and spies that Ptolemy VIII's government was weak.", "Around 128 BC, Demetrius II mounted a military expedition to Egypt to \"save\" Cleopatra II.", "Ancient sources roundly condemn Demetrius II for this action as foolish when so many problems were on-going for the Seleucid Empire.", "A modern historian, John Grainger, defends it as a reasonable gamble: small forces had set off waves of defections before in recent history, so if Ptolemy VIII was truly as unpopular as reported, it might work.", "More generally, the geopolitical situation for both the Seleucids and Ptolemys was desperate enough that uniting the remaining great Greek states might be the only way for them to maintain their relevance, given that Antigonid Macedonia had been crushed by Rome in the preceding decades.", "Regardless, the gamble backfired.", "Demetrius II camped outside the fortress of Pelusium, the gateway to Egypt, but Ptolemy VIII's troops remained loyal; there was no mass defection.", "It was Demetrius's own troops that mutinied in the dry desert.", "King Ptolemy VIII reacted by finding another potential Seleucid royal claimant to undermine the obviously hostile Demetrius II.", "He found and sent a man named Alexander II Zabinas to fight a civil war against Demetrius, backed by the Ptolemies.", "The remainder of Demetrius's reign would be spent fighting a slowly losing battle against Alexander II.", "He retained the loyalty of Coele-Syria and Cilica, but not the capital Antioch.", "In 126 BC, Demetrius was defeated in a battle at Damascus.", "He fled to Ptolemais but his wife Cleopatra Thea closed the gates against him.", "He was captured and then killed on a ship near Tyre, after his wife had deserted him and he was denied temple asylum.", "He was succeeded by his queen Cleopatra Thea in co-regency with two of their sons, Seleucus V Philometor and Antiochus VIII Grypus.", "In opera\nIncidents from the life of Demetrius II Nicator and Cleopatra Thea are the basis of the libretto Demetrio by Pietro Metastasio.", "First set by the composer Antonio Caldara for the imperial court of Vienna in 1731, it was one of Metastasio's most popular librettos, eventually set by dozens of 18th-century composers up to the year 1790.", "See also\n List of Syrian monarchs\n Timeline of Syrian history\n\nNotes\n\nBibliography\n\n125 BC deaths\n2nd-century BC Babylonian kings\n2nd-century BC Seleucid rulers\nSeleucid rulers\nPtolemaic dynasty\n2nd-century BC rulers\nYear of birth unknown\nDemetrius 02\nPrisoners and detainees of the Parthian Empire" ]

[ "One of the sons of Demetrius I Soter was called Nicator.", "His mother may have been Laodice V and his brother may have been Sidetes.", "The Seleucid Empire was divided into two periods, the first from September 145 BC to July/August 138 BC, and the second from September 129 BC to his death in 125 BC.", "Between his two reigns, his brother ruled the Seleucid Empire.", "When he was a young boy, his father fought for control of the Seleucid throne.", "Demetrius's father, mother, and older brother were all killed when Balas won.", "Crete was where the young Demetrius II was raised.", "He returned to Syria with a force of Cretan mercenaries, led by a man called Lasthenes, who was occupied with a revolt in Cilicia.", "The king of Egypt, Ptolemy VI Philometor, switched his support to the Ptolemaic after receiving an offer to formalize the occupation of Coele-Syria.", "Ptolemy sealed the alliance by divorcing his daughter Cleopatra Thea from Alexander.", "After surrendering to the Egyptian forces, Antioch offered the kingship to Ptolemy VI.", "He believed that Rome would not allow the unification of Egypt and Syria.", "Ptolemy promised to be a tutor in goodness and a guide to Demetrius II.", "He intended for him to be a puppet ruler.", "Alexander's army was defeated at the Battle of the Oenoparas river.", "Alexander was killed in Arabia.", "Ptolemy died three days after the battle.", "With both his rival and his guardian gone, Demetrius was able to assert his control over his kingdom.", "After expelling the Ptolemaic troops from Syria, Demetrius II led his own forces all the way to the Egyptian border.", "New troubles arose after the riots.", "He demobilized a large portion of his army after expelling the Egyptian forces.", "The soldiers' wages were cut because of his financial situation.", "The city of Antioch was punished severely by Demetrius for having supported Alexander against his father.", "Cretan mercenaries slaughtered those who resisted, including women and children.", "Demetrios was besiege by the Antiochenes in his palace.", "The Jewish troops burned down a large portion of the city.", "The city was hostile to him.", "The officials associated with Alexander Balas were eliminated by Demetrius in order to secure his hold on power.", "One of these officials, the general, fled into Arabia, where he secured the infant son of Alexander Balas and proclaimed him king as Antiochus VI Dionysus.", "Many of the soldiers in Demetrius' army defected to Diodotus because of his conduct or the cuts to their pay.", "In battle, he was defeated and lost control of the two cities.", "The numismatic evidence shows that the two places were lost in the early to late 14th century.", "He established himself in Seleucia Pieria after being unable to take the capital.", "The kingdom of Tryphon was created when Tryphon was made king after the death of Antiochus VI.", "Initially, Diodotus brought the leader of the Jews, Jonathan Apphus, onto his side, but this relationship broke down and he captured and executed Jonathan.", "Demetrios II was able to get the Jonathan's brother Simon Thassi to be a close ally.", "The grants were seen by the Hasmonean Jewish state as the moment when they achieved full independence.", "The king of Parthia took advantage of the conflict between Tryphon and Demetrius to seize control of Susa and Elymais.", "The territories were reclaimed from the Parthians in 1388.", "He was taken prisoner in the summer of 138 BC after being defeated in the Iranian mountains.", "The control of Mesopotamia was retained by the Parthian people.", "Tryphon was briefly left as the ruler of the remaining Seleucid territories, but the Seleucid dynasty's grip was reestablished under the younger brother of the man who married Cleopatra Thea.", "King Mithridates married a Parthian princess named Rhodogune and had children with her.", "The king tried to escape from his exile on the shores of the Caspian Sea twice, once with the help of his friend Kallimander, who had gone to great lengths to rescue him.", "When the two friends were captured, the Parthian king rewarded them for their fidelity.", "The second time Demetrius was captured, he was humiliated by being given a golden set of dice, suggesting that he was a restless child who needed toys.", "For political reasons, the Parthians treated Demetrius II well.", "In 130 BC, Antiochus Sidetes was able to march against Parthia.", "After releasing his brother, he hoped that the two brothers would start a civil war.", "After his brother's release, Sidetes was defeated and never met him.", "After people were sent to pursue Demetrius, he returned home to Syria and regained his throne and queen.", "The Seleucid kingdom was a shadow of its former self and had a hard time ruling.", "His first wife was Cleopatra Thea.", "He was unpopular because of memories of his humiliation at the hands of the Empire, and also because of resentment that he had lived while so many Seleucid soldiers and family members had died.", "An invasion from Sacaen nomads to his east was faced by Phraates II.", "The Parthians tried to use captured Greeks against the Sacaeans, but they mostly defected.", "Artabanus, the next Parthian king, had a short and violent reign in the east rather than in the west.", "The Seleucid Empire was given a reprieve from the Parthian threat.", "There was a power struggle between Queen Cleopatra II and her brother king Ptolemy VIII.", "Ptolemy VIII had the support of the countryside and native Egyptians, while Cleopatra had the support of the Greek administration.", "Ptolemy VIII might have gotten an impression from travelers and spies that his government was weak after Cleopatra II sent out a request for aid.", "In 128 BC, a military expedition was mounted to save Cleopatra II.", "The Seleucid Empire was going through many problems when Demetrius II made this foolish decision.", "If Ptolemy VIII was unpopular, small forces had set off waves of defections before, so it might work.", "The Seleucids and Ptolemys needed to unite the remaining great Greek states in order to maintain their relevancy, given that Antigonid Macedonia had been crushed by Rome in the preceding decades.", "The gamble backfired.", "There was no mass defection of Ptolemy VIII's troops from the fortress of Pelusium.", "The troops of Demetrius revolted in the desert.", "King Ptolemy VIII found a potential Seleucid royal to undermine the hostile Demetrius II.", "Alexander II Zabinas was sent to fight a civil war by the Ptolemies.", "The rest of the reign would be spent fighting Alexander II.", "He did not abandon the loyalty of Coele-Syria and Cilica.", "In 126 BC, Demetrius was defeated.", "His wife closed the gates against him as he fled to Ptolemais.", "He was captured and killed on a ship after his wife deserted him and he was denied temple asylum.", "Cleopatra Thea succeeded him in co-regency with two of their sons.", "Pietro Metastasio's Demetrio is based on incidents from the life of Cleopatra Thea and the Nicator.", "One of Metastasio's most popular operas was set by Antonio Caldara for the court of Vienna in 1731.", "125 BC deaths 2nd-century BC Babylonian kings 2nd-century BC Seleucid rulers Ptolemaic dynasty 2nd-century BC rulers Year of birth unknown" ]

[ "Demetrius II", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius I", "Demetrius", "Demetrius II", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "II", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "II", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "II", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "II", "Cleopatra II", "Ptolemy VIII", "Ptolemy VIII", "Cleopatra II", "Demetrius", "Ptolemy VIII", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Ptolemy VIII", "Demetrius", "Ptolemy VIII", "Demetrius", "II", "Alexander II", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "II Nicat" ]

[ "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Demetrius", "Cleopatra II", "Ptolemy VIII", "Ptolemy VIII", "Ptolemy VIII", "Cleopatra II", "Demetrius", "Ptolemy VIII", "Ptolemy VIII", "Demetrius", "Ptolemy VIII", "Demetrius", "Alexander II", "Alexander II", "Demetrius" ]

[ "Theodosios (Hanna) of Sebastia (born 1965) is the Archbishop of Sebastia from the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem.", "He is often named in Western news sources as Atallah Hanna, Atallah and both meaning \"gift of God\" in Arabic and Greek, respectively.", "Theodosios, who was ordained on the 24 December 2005 at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, is the second Palestinian to hold the position of archbishop in the history of the diocese.", "Early life; education\nArchbishop Theodosios was born Nizar Hanna to Eastern Orthodox parents in the village of Rameh, Upper Galilee region of northern Israel.", "Archbishop Theodosios studied Greek in Jerusalem, continuing his studies in Greece where he earned his Master of Theology from University of Thessalonica School of Theology in 1991.", "Ecclesiastical career\nThat same year, 1991, Nizar Hanna returned to Jerusalem, where he was tonsured a monk with the name Theodosios and received ordination as a deacon.", "Also in 1991 he was elected a member of the Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre.", "In 1992 Theodosios was ordained a priest at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.", "A few days later he was elevated to the rank of archimandrite and placed in charge of the Arab section of the Patriarchate.", "Active in public life, he has served as the spokesperson and Director of the Patriarchate's Arab Department, has taught in local schools, and lectured on Christianity at the Haifa Arab Teachers' College.", "For his devotion to ministry in the Holy Land, Theodosios was granted an honorary Doctor of Theology degree from the Sofia Theological Institute in Bulgaria.", "In 2001 Theodosios was appointed by the late Patriarch Diodoros to serve as the official spokesperson for the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Jerusalem.", "In 2005, after the dethronement of Patriarch Irenaios and his replacement with Patriarch Theophilos III, Theodosios was ordained Archbishop of Sebastia.", "Political positions and the response of the authorities\n\nTheodosios gained renown for his high-profile political activism, his outspoken denunciation of the occupation, and his stress upon the importance of Palestinian identity - positions that have made him popular with Arabs and unpopular with the Israeli authorities.", "Before being ordained archbishop, Theodosios had been arrested, detained and interrogated more than once by the Israeli authorities under various allegations of 'incitement'.", "Theodosios has served as a member of the Constitutional Consultative Committee that worked on the third draft of the Palestinian constitution of March 2003 and was awarded the Jerusalem Prize by the Palestinian National Authority's Ministry of Culture in 2004.", "He is also one of the authors of the Kairos Palestine document together with Patriarch Michel Sabah, Naim Ateeq, Rifat Odeh Kassis, Nora Qort and others.", "During the Second Intifada\nTheodosios represented Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem Diodoros as part of a Palestinian ecumenical delegation invited by the World Council of Churches (WCC) to present before the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.", "At the WCC's Geneva headquarters on 19 October 2000, he stated that Palestinian Christians \"are suffering, because they are Palestinians and they want to stay in their homeland in Palestine\".", "Theodosios also accused Israel of practicing \"ethnic cleansing against the Arabs, Muslim and Christian.", "Everyone thinks that there is a conflict between Arabs and Israelis.", "It is not a conflict between Arabs and Israelis, but an occupation by Israel.\"", "He called on all WCC churches to hold a special prayer for the Palestinian people and stated that they \"should be enjoying all the rights of any other nation ... and should be enjoying their independence in their own state, the capital of which is Jerusalem.\"", "The following year, on 10 October 2001, Theodosios participated with other Christian and Muslim leaders in a march from Jerusalem to the Bethlehem checkpoint to protest Israeli attacks on religious sites.", "Theodosios explained that, \"We intend to conduct special prayers inside the Church of the Nativity for the sake of our martyrs.\"", "Later that month, Theodosios sent a message to the United Nations Human Rights Commission calling for \"immediate and rapid intervention\" by the United Nations \"to save the Palestinian people from the terrible massacres being carried out by the occupation forces\".", "He also called for the Commission to pressure Israel to lift its blockade of Palestinian towns and villages.", "On 21 January 2002, Israel requested that the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate take punitive action against Archimandrite Atallah Hanna, for criticizing Israeli policy in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.", "In March 2002, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Jerusalem issued a statement expressing, \"denunciation and condemnation over Israel's suspension of Archimandrite Dr. Atallah Hanna at King Hussein bridge between Jordan and the West Bank upon his return from Beirut, for five hours in a very racist and provocative way.\"", "The patriarchy also expressed its regret over the demand of the Israeli government that Theodosios be fired from his position as church spokesperson, considering this measure to be \"a grave violation to its sovereignty in running its affairs.\"", "In July 2002, two years into the Second Intifada, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem Irenaios I accused Theodosios of \"supporting the Palestinian terrorism,\" after he refused to sign a document condemning Palestinian operations and he fired him from his post as spokesperson.", "The Arab Orthodox community responded by issuing an urgent statement calling on the Greek Foreign Ministry to intervene, stressing that Theodosios would remain the spokesperson for the church with or without Greek acceptance.", "Arab Orthodox figures urged the Orthodox Arab Christian communities in Palestine and Jordan to boycott the Greek Patriarch and the Father Theodosios Atallah Hanna Defense Committee was formed to mobilize on his behalf.", "Arrest and confiscation of travel documents\n\nDay of the arrest\nOn 22 August 2002, Theodosios was arrested outside of his home in the Old City of Jerusalem by Israeli Border Police on the order of Attorney General Elyakim Rubinstein.", "He was taken to the police station at the Russian Compound where he was charged with 'suspicion of relations with terrorist organisations', 'illegally entering an enemy country' (i.e.", "Syria and Lebanon) and 'incitement'.", "Media were present at the site of his interrogation which lasted five hours.", "Theodosios explained that he regularly visited Syria and Lebanon to attend religious and inter-religious conferences and dialogues using his Vatican passport.", "Israeli police confiscated Theodosios' Israeli and Vatican-issued passports.", "Theodosios' response to the arrest\nUpon his release, Theodosios claimed that his arrest had been unjustified since \"he had only expressed opposition to Israel's military occupation of areas claimed by the Palestinians.\"", "In an interview with The Palestine Chronicle in September 2002, Theodosios said that his arrest marked \"the first time that a Christian religious leader and official is arrested in such an inhumane and non-acceptable manner that is devoid of all human ethics and without any prior notification.\"", "Sharing his view as to the reasons for his arrest, he explained that:In the past three months, a far-reaching defamation campaign was launched against me in a number of Israeli newspapers accusing me of supporting terrorism and violence and condoning suicide attacks.", "I have a strong conviction that the slander, assault and arrest are all part of a chain of accusations meant to deliver a message to me, and the rest of the Christian and Moslem religious leaders ...", "The Israeli authority has launched a campaign aiming at silencing all those nationalistic voices in Jerusalem and claiming that these voices support terrorism, violence, etc.", "I believe that the only concerned party is the Israeli authority.", "In my case there could be some elements involved from within the Church itself, and this is something that I cannot disregard, especially that there are those who do not share my stance on issues pertaining to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.", "Theodosios further stated that:I believe that the act of ousting me from my position as the official spokesperson of the Church and the other measures taken are closely related to the pressure and blackmail exercised especially that the Patriarch confirmed to me months ago that I am targeted and that Israel has demanded that he oust me from my position.", "This is what actually happened later on based on the Israeli desire to conceal the Christian dimension of the Palestinian issue.", "Israel attempts to present this conflict as a Jewish-Moslem religious conflict, and it also attempts to neutralize the Christian position, and therefore it is irritated by the growing Christian voices raised on the Palestinian issue.", "We have always asserted that the Church in Palestine is there to serve all Palestinians for it is a church for the people.", "It is also a church that is deeply rooted in this land and the Arab Palestinian Christians and Moslems who live in it.", "We have always asserted our resistance to the Israeli pressure, and we believe that in the case of the arrest itself Israel has transgressed all borders.", "Responding to the charge of visiting \"enemy states\", Theodosios explained that: As to the case of the visit to Syria considered by Israel an enemy country, we say that we are not bound by the Israeli stance.", "The number of people who belong to the Greek Orthodox Church in Syria exceeds a million and the number in Lebanon exceeds half a million.", "Israel has no right of preventing us from visiting Syria and Lebanon under the claim that these are enemy countries especially that we maintain spiritual and nationalistic ties with these countries.", "When we visit these countries we meet with all political and religious officials with no exceptions whatsoever.", "We are open to everyone.", "Israel has no right of claiming that we maintain relations with terrorist organizations because what Israel calls terrorist maybe to us nationalistic, freedom fighters.", "We refuse to accept the terms that Israel dictates; therefore, what Israel condemns or what it elevates may not be necessarily as such to us.", "Legal advocacy to reclaim passports\n\nOn 28 October 2002, Adalah - The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel sent a letter to the Attorney General's office on Theodosios' behalf demanding that they intervene to return both the Israeli and Vatican passports that had been confiscated from Theodosios by the Israeli police.", "Adalah noted that a few weeks earlier, the police had summoned Theodosios to collect his passports on the condition that he sign \"a statement promising not to incite against the state or make statements in support of terrorist actions or organizations; not to visit states hostile to Israel without the permission of the Ministry of Interior; and not to contact enemy states (as defined under Israeli law) or terrorist organizations.\"", "Theodosios refused, and the police refused to return his passports.", "Adalah argued that the police decision to withhold Theodosios' passports had no basis in any law and did not serve any legitimate purpose, and that the document he was asked to sign also had no legal basis and violated the Israel's domestic laws on equality.", "On 28 October 2002, the Attorney General sent a letter to the police legal advisor requesting his urgent reply to Adalah's letter.", "As of February 2005, both passports belonging to Archimandrite Theodosios had not yet been returned.", "Activism against sales of church property in Jerusalem\n\nIn 2005, Archimandrite Theodosios was active in the movement to dethrone Patriarch Irenaios following allegations that land belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church had been sold to Zionist Jewish organizations.", "After election of new Patriarch Theophilos III in 2005 Archimandrite Theodosios Hanna was appointed and ordained as Archbishop of Sebastia.", "See also \nPalestinian Christians\nChristianity in Israel\n\nReferences\n\nBishops of the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem\nPalestinian bishops\nEastern Orthodox Christians from Israel\n21st-century Eastern Orthodox archbishops\nIsraeli Arab Christians\n1965 births\nLiving people\nArab citizens of Israel\nPeople from Rameh\nEastern Orthodox Christians from Palestine" ]

[ "The Archbishop of Sebastia is from the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem.", "He is often referred to in Western news sources as Atallah, Atallah and both meanings of \"gift of God\" in Arabic and Greek.", "The second Palestinian to hold the position of archbishop in the history of the diocese was Theodosios, who was dained on the 24 December 2005 at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.", "Theodosios was born to Eastern Orthodox parents in the village of Rameh, Upper Galilee region of northern Israel.", "In 1991 he earned his Master of Theology from the University of Thessalonica School of Theology, after studying Greek in Jerusalem.", "In 1991, Nizar Hanna received ordination as a deacon after tonsuring a monk with the name Theodosios.", "He was elected to the Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre in 1991.", "Theodosios became a priest at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in 1992.", "He was elevated to the rank of archimandrite a few days later and was in charge of the Arab section.", "He has lectured on Christianity at the Haifa Arab Teachers' College, as well as teaching in local schools.", "Theodosios was granted a Doctor of Theology degree for his dedication to ministry in the Holy Land.", "The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Jerusalem appointed Theodosios as their official spokesman in 2001.", "In 2005, after the dethronement of Irenaios and his replacement with Theophilos III, Theodosios was made a bishop.", "Political positions and the response of the authorities Theodosios gained renown for his high-profile political activism, his outspoken denunciation of the occupation, and his stress upon the importance of Palestinian identity - positions that have made him popular with Arabs and unpopular with the Israeli authorities.", "Theodosios was arrested, held and questioned by the Israeli authorities more than once before he became an archbishop.", "The third draft of the Palestinian constitution was worked on by Theodosios as a member of the Constitutional Consultative Committee.", "He is one of the authors of the Kairos Palestine document.", "A Palestinian ecumenical delegation was invited by the World Council of Churches to present before the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.", "He stated that Palestinian Christians are suffering because they want to stay in Palestine.", "Israel was accused of \"ethnic cleansing\" against the Arabs, Muslims and Christians.", "Everyone thinks there is a conflict between Arabs and Israelis.", "It is not a conflict between Arabs and Israelis.", "He called on the churches of the World Council of Churches to hold a special prayer for the Palestinians and stated that they should be able to live in their own state of Jerusalem.", "On 10 October 2001, Theodosios participated with other Christian and Muslim leaders in a march from Jerusalem to the Bethlehem checkpoint to protest Israeli attacks on religious sites.", "\"We intend to conduct special prayers inside the Church of the Nativity for the sake of our martyrs,\" said Theodosios.", "Theodosios sent a message to the United Nations Human Rights Commission calling for immediate and rapid intervention to save the Palestinian people from the terrible massacres being carried out by the occupation forces.", "The Commission should pressure Israel to lift its blockade of Palestinian towns and villages.", "On January 21, 2002, Israel requested that the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate take action against Archimandrite Atallah Hanna for his criticism of Israeli policy in the occupied Palestinian Territory.", "The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Jerusalem issued a statement condemning Israel's suspension of the Archimandrite for five hours after he returned from Lebanon.", "The Israeli government's demand that Theodosios be fired from his position as church spokesman was considered a grave violation of its sovereignty by the patriarchy.", "After Theodosios refused to sign a document condemning Palestinian operations, he was fired from his post as spokesman for the Greek Orthodox Church in Jerusalem.", "The Arab Orthodox community issued an urgent statement calling on the Greek Foreign Ministry to intervene, stressing that Theodosios would remain the spokesman for the church with or without Greek acceptance.", "The Orthodox Christian communities in Palestine and Jordan were urged to boycott the Greek Orthodox leader.", "On August 22, 2002, Theodosios was arrested outside of his home in the Old City of Jerusalem by Israeli Border Police on the order of Attorney General Elyakim Rubinstein.", "He was charged with'suspicion of relations with terrorist organisation' and 'illegally entering an enemy country' when he was taken to the police station.", "There was 'incitement' in Syria and Lebanon.", "The site of his interrogation was visited by the media.", "Theodosios used his Vatican passport to travel to Syria and Lebanon to attend religious conferences.", "Israeli police took Theodosios' Israeli and Vatican-issued passports.", "Theodosios claimed that his arrest was unwarranted since he had only expressed opposition to Israel's military occupation of areas claimed by the Palestinians.", "In an interview with The Palestine Chronicle in September 2002, Theodosios said that his arrest was the first time that a Christian religious leader and official had ever been arrested in such a way.", "In the past three months, a defamation campaign was launched against me in a number of Israeli newspapers accusing me of supporting terrorism and violence and condoning suicide attacks.", "A chain of accusations meant to deliver a message to me and the rest of the Christian and Moslem religious leaders are what I have a strong conviction about.", "The Israeli authority launched a campaign to silence the voices of Jerusalem's nationalists who they claim support terrorism, violence, etc.", "The only party that is concerned is the Israeli authority.", "I cannot ignore the fact that there are people within the Church who do not agree with my stance on issues pertaining to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.", "The act of ousting me from my position as the official spokesman of the Church and the other measures taken are closely related to the pressure and blackmail exercised by Israel and I was told months ago that I was targeted.", "The Israeli wanted to hide the Christian aspect of the Palestinian issue.", "Israel tries to present the conflict as a Jewish-Moslem religious conflict, and it also tries to undermine the Christian position, and therefore it is irritated by the growing Christian voices raised on the Palestinian issue.", "We have always said that the Church in Palestine is a church for the people.", "Arab Palestinian Christians and Moslems who live in this land are a part of the church.", "In the case of the arrest itself, we believe that Israel has violated all borders, because we have always asserted our resistance to the Israeli pressure.", "Theodosios said that they were not bound by the Israeli stance on the visit to Syria.", "There are more than a million Greeks in Syria and half a million in Lebanon.", "Israel does not have the right to prevent us from visiting Syria and Lebanon because they are not enemy countries.", "We meet with all political and religious officials when we visit these countries.", "We are open to everyone.", "Israel does not have the right to claim that we maintain relations with terrorist organizations.", "We refuse to accept the terms that Israel dictates; therefore, what Israel condemns may not be as such to us.", "The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel sent a letter to the Attorney General's office demanding that they return the Israeli and Vatican passports that were taken from Theodosios.", "The police summoned Theodosios to collect his passport on the condition that he sign a statement promising not to make statements in support of terrorist actions or organizations and not to visit states hostile to Israel without the permission of the state.", "The police refused to return his passports.", "Adalah argued that the police decision to deny Theodosios' passports had no basis in any law and did not serve any legitimate purpose, and that the document he was asked to sign also had no legal basis.", "The Attorney General sent a letter to the police legal advisor requesting his reply to Adalah's letter.", "The passports of Theodosios had not yet been returned.", "The sale of church property in Jerusalem was the subject of a movement to dethrone the Greek Orthodox Church's leader.", "After the election of Theophilos III as the new leader of the church, Theodosios Hanna was appointed as the new Archbishop of Sebastia.", "The Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem has Palestinian bishops and Eastern Orthodox Christians from Israel." ]

[ "Theodosios (", "Hanna", "Atallah Hanna", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Nizar Hanna", "Theodosios", "Nizar Hanna", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Hanna", "Hanna", "Theodosios", "Father Theodosios", "Hanna", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Hanna" ]

[ "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Nizar Hanna", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Hanna", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Theodosios", "Hanna" ]

[ "Edward Young (c. 3 July 1683 – 5 April 1765) was an English poet, best remembered for Night-Thoughts, a series of philosophical writings in blank verse, reflecting his state of mind following several bereavements.", "It was one of the most popular poems of the century, influencing Goethe and Edmund Burke, among many others, with its notable illustrations by William Blake.", "Young also took holy orders, and wrote many fawning letters in search of preferment, attracting accusations of insincerity.", "Early life\nYoung was a son of Edward Young, later Dean of Salisbury, and was born at his father's rectory at Upham, near Winchester, where he was baptized on 3 July 1683.", "He was educated at Winchester College, and matriculated at New College, Oxford, in 1702.", "He later migrated to Corpus Christi, and in 1708 was nominated by Archbishop Tenison to a law fellowship at All Souls.", "He took his degree of Doctor of Canon Law in 1719.", "Literary career\nYoung's first publication was an Epistle to ... Lord Lansdoune (1713).", "This was followed by a Poem on the Last Day (1713), dedicated to Queen Anne; The Force of Religion: or Vanquished Love (1714), a poem on the execution of Lady Jane Grey and her husband, dedicated to the Countess of Salisbury; and an epistle to Joseph Addison, On the late Queen's Death and His Majesty's Accession to the Throne (1714), in which he rushed to praise the new king.", "The fulsome style of the dedications jars with the pious tone of the poems, and they are omitted from his own edition of his works.", "About this time he came into contact with Philip, Duke of Wharton, whom he accompanied to Dublin in 1717.", "In 1719 his play, Busiris was produced at Drury Lane, and in 1721 his The Revenge.", "The latter play was dedicated to Wharton, to whom it owed, said Young, its \"most beautiful incident\".", "Wharton promised him two annuities of £100 each and a sum of £600 in consideration of his expenses as a candidate for parliamentary election at Cirencester.", "In view of these promises Young refused two livings in the gift of All Souls' College, Oxford, and sacrificed a life annuity offered by the Marquess of Exeter if he would act as tutor to his son.", "Wharton failed to discharge his obligations, and Young, who pleaded his case before Lord Chancellor Hardwicke in 1740, gained the annuity but not the £600.", "Between 1725 and 1728 Young published a series of seven satires on The Universal Passion.", "They were dedicated to the Duke of Dorset, George Bubb Dodington, Sir Spencer Compton, Lady Elizabeth Germain and Sir Robert Walpole, and were collected in 1728 as Love of Fame, the Universal Passion.", "This is qualified by Samuel Johnson as a \"very great performance,\" and abounds in striking and pithy couplets.", "Herbert Croft asserted that Young made £3000 by his satires, which compensated losses he had suffered in the South Sea Bubble.", "In 1726 he received, through Walpole, a pension of £200 a year.", "To the end of his life he continued to seek preferment, but the king regarded his pension as an adequate settlement.", "Young, living in a time when patronage was slowly fading out, was notable for urgently seeking patronage for his poetry, his theatrical works, and his career in the church: he failed in each area.", "He never received the degree of patronage that he felt his work had earned, largely because he picked patrons whose fortunes were about to turn downward.", "Though his praise was often unearned, often fulsome, he could write, \"False praises are the whoredoms of the pen / And prostitute fair fame to worthless men.\"", "In 1728 Young became a royal chaplain, and in 1730 he obtained the college living of Welwyn, Hertfordshire.", "In 1731 he married Lady Elizabeth Lee, daughter of the 1st Earl of Lichfield.", "Her daughter, by a former marriage with her cousin Francis Lee, married Henry Temple, son of the 1st Viscount Palmerston.", "Mrs Temple died at Lyons in 1736 on her way to Nice.", "Her husband and Lady Elizabeth Young died in 1740.", "These successive deaths are supposed to be the events referred to in the Night-Thoughts as taking place \"ere thrice yon moon had filled her horn.\"", "Night-Thoughts\nIn the preface to Night-Thoughts Young states that the occasion of the poem was real, and Philander and Narcissa have been rather rashly identified with Mr and Mrs Temple.", "It has also been suggested that Philander represents Thomas Tickell, an old friend of Young's, who died three months after Lady Elizabeth Young.", "The infidel Lorenzo was thought by some to be a sketch of Young's own son, but he was only eight years old at the time of publication.", "The Complaint, or Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality, was published in 1742, and was followed by other \"Nights,\" the eighth and ninth appearing in 1745.", "In 1753 his tragedy of The Brothers, written many years before, but suppressed because he was about to enter the Church, was produced at Drury Lane.", "Night-Thoughts had made him famous, but he lived in almost uninterrupted retirement.", "He was made clerk of the closet to the Princess Dowager, Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, in 1761.", "He never recovered from his wife's death.", "He fell out with his son, who had apparently criticised the excessive influence exerted by his housekeeper Mrs Hallows.", "The old man refused to see his son until shortly before he died, but left him everything.", "A description of him is to be found in the letters of his curate and executor, John Jones, to Dr Thomas Birch (in Brit.", "Lib.", "Addit.", "M/s 4311).", "He died at Welwyn, reconciled with his spendthrift son: \"he expired a little before 11 of the clock at the night of Good Friday last, the 5th instant, and was decently buried yesterday about 6 in the afternoon\" (Jones to Birch).", "Young is said to have been a brilliant talker.", "Although Night-Thoughts is long and disconnected, it abounds in brilliant isolated passages.", "Its success was enormous.", "It was translated into French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Russian, Welsh and Magyar.", "In France it became a classic of the romantic school.", "Questions as to the \"sincerity\" of the poet did arise in the 100 years after his death.", "The publication of fawning letters from Young seeking preferment led many readers to question the poet's sincerity.", "In a famous essay, Worldliness and Other-Worldliness, George Eliot discussed his \"radical insincerity as a poetic artist.\"", "If Young did not invent \"melancholy and moonlight\" in literature, he did much to spread the fashionable taste for them.", "Madame Klopstock thought the king ought to make him Archbishop of Canterbury, and some German critics preferred him to John Milton.", "Young's essay, Conjectures on Original Composition, was popular and influential on the continent, especially among Germans, as a testament advocating originality over neoclassical imitation.", "Young wrote good blank verse, and Samuel Johnson pronounced Night-Thoughts to be one of \"the few poems\" in which blank verse could not be changed for rhyme but with disadvantage.", "The poem was a poetic treatment of sublimity and had a profound influence on the young Edmund Burke, whose philosophic investigations and writings on the Sublime and the Beautiful were a pivotal turn in 18th-century aesthetic theory.", "Young's masterpiece Night-Thoughts emerged from obscurity by being mentioned in Edmund Blunden's World War One memoir, Undertones of War (1928), as a source of comfort during time in the trenches.", "This latter work emerged from the darkness of the more recent past thanks to its mention and discussion in Paul Fussell's The Great War and Modern Memory (1975), which discussed Blunden's reliance on Night-Thoughts.", "Blunden's mention of Young's poem reintroduced an interesting, sometimes bombastic precursor to the early Romantics to students of English literature.", "Samuel Richardson in a letter to bookseller Andrew Millar discussed a new edition of Young's poem, Night-Thoughts (1750), which was already very popular, and which would become one of the most frequently-printed poems of the eighteenth century.", "Millar had purchased the copyright to the second volume of Night-Thoughts (parts 7–11) from Young for £63 on 7 April 1749; the edition under discussion was the first in which Millar was involved, and it would be advertised for sale in the General Advertiser on 30 January 1750.", "William Hutchinson included a gloss on Night-Thoughts in his series of lectures The Spirit of Masonry (1775), underlining the masonic symbolism of the text.", "German connections\nThe young Goethe told his sister in 1766 that he was learning English from Young and Milton, and in his autobiography he confessed that Young's influence had created the atmosphere in which there was such a universal response to his seminal work The Sorrows of Young Werther.", "Young's name soon became a battle-cry for the young men of the Sturm und Drang movement.", "Young himself reinforced his reputation as a pioneer of romanticism by precept as well as by example; in 1759, at the age of 76, he published a piece of critical prose under the title of Conjectures on Original Composition which put forward the vital doctrine of the superiority of \"genius,\" of innate originality being more valuable than classic indoctrination or imitation, and suggested that modern writers might dare to rival or even surpass the \"ancients\" of Greece and Rome … The Conjectures was a declaration of independence against the tyranny of classicism and was at once acclaimed as such becoming a milestone in the history of English, and European, literary criticism.", "It was immediately translated into German at Leipzig and at Hamburg and was widely and favourably reviewed.", "The cult of genius exactly suited the ideas of the Sturm und Drang movement and gave a new impetus to the cult of Young’ (Harold Forster, ‘Some uncollected authors XLV: Edward Young in translation I’).", "Clerical career\nYoung was forty-seven when he took holy orders.", "It was reported that the author of Night-Thoughts was not, in his earlier days, \"the ornament to religion and morality which he afterwards became\", and his friendships with the Duke of Wharton and with Dodington did not improve his reputation.", "A statement attributed to Alexander Pope is that: \"He had much of a sublime genius, though without common sense; so that his genius, having no guide, was perpetually liable to degenerate into bombast.", "This made him pass a foolish youth, the sport of peers and poets; but his having a very good heart enabled him to support the clerical character when he assumed it, first with decency and afterwards with honour\" (O Ruffhead, Life of A. Pope, p. 291).", "Other works\nOther works by Young are:\n Busiris, King of Egypt (1719), a play\n The Revenge (1721), a play \nThe Instalment (to Sir R. Walpole, 1726)\nCynthio (1727)\n The Brothers (1728), a play\nA Vindication of Providence ... (1728), a sermon\nAn Apology for Punch (1729), a sermon\nImperium Pelagi, a Naval Lyrick ... (1730)\nTwo Epistles to Mr Pope concerning the Authors of the Age (1730)\nA Sea-Piece ... (1733)\nThe Foreign Address, or The Best Argument for Peace (1734)\nThe Centaur not Fabulous; in Five Letters to a Friend (1755)\nAn Argument ... for the Truth of His [Christ's] Religion (1758), a sermon preached before the king\nConjectures on Original Composition ... (1759), addressed to Samuel Richardson\nResignation ... (1762), a poem.", "Night-Thoughts was illustrated by William Blake in 1797, and by Thomas Stothard in 1799.", "The Poetical Works of the Rev.", "Edward Young ... were revised by himself for publication, and a completed edition appeared in 1778.", "The Complete Works, Poetry and Prose, of the Rev.", "Edward Young ..., with a life by John Doran, appeared in 1854.", "Sir Herbert Croft wrote the life included in Johnson's Lives of the Poets, but the critical remarks are by Johnson.", "Selections from Night-Thoughts was also set by New England Congregationalist composer William Billings in his Easter Anthem.", "Notes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n \n \n \n Edward Young, \"The Poetical Works of Edward Young,\" Vol.", "I, Vol.", "II, London: Bell and Daldy, 1858.", "Edward Young at the Bibliotheca Augustana\n Mentioned in the 1962 Anya Seton novel Devil Water.", "Edward Young at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)\n\n1683 births\n1765 deaths\n18th-century English poets\nPeople educated at Winchester College\nAlumni of New College, Oxford\nAlumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford\nFellows of All Souls College, Oxford\n18th-century English writers\n18th-century English male writers\nEnglish male poets\nPeople from Welwyn" ]

[ "Edward Young is best remembered for Night-Thoughts, a series of writings in blank verse, reflecting his state of mind following several bereavements.", "It was one of the most popular poems of the century and influenced many others, including Goethe and Edmund Burke.", "Young was ordered to write many letters in order to find preferment, which attracted accusations of insincerity.", "Young was the son of Edward Young, Dean of Salisbury, and was christened on July 3, 1683.", "He graduated from New College, Oxford, in 1702.", "He was nominated for a law fellowship by the archbishop in 1708.", "He obtained a Doctor of Canon Law in 1719.", "Young's first publication was a letter to Lord Lansdoune.", "This was followed by a poem on the last day of the year, dedicated to Queen Anne, and a poem on the execution of Lady Jane Grey and her husband.", "His own edition of his works does not include the fulsome style of the dedications.", "Philip, Duke of Wharton, who he accompanied to Dublin in 1717, came into contact with him about this time.", "Busiris and The Revenge were produced in 1719 and 1721, respectively.", "The most beautiful incident of the play was dedicated to Wharton.", "Wharton promised him two annuities of £100 each and a sum of £600 in consideration of his expenses as a candidate for parliamentary election at Cirencester.", "Young refused two livings in the gift of All Souls' College, Oxford, and sacrificed a life annuity for the sake of his son.", "Young, who pleaded his case before Lord Chancellor Hardwicke in 1740, gained the annuity but not the £600, because Wharton failed to discharge his obligations.", "Young published a series of satires on The Universal Passion.", "They were collected in 1728 as Love of Fame, the Universal Passion, and were dedicated to the Duke of Dorset, George Bubb Dodington, Sir Spencer Compton, Lady Elizabeth Germain, and Sir Robert Walpole.", "Samuel Johnson said that this was a very great performance, with striking and pithy couplets.", "Young's satires compensated for losses he had suffered in the South Sea Bubble.", "The pension he received in 1726 was £200 a year.", "The king regarded his pension as an adequate settlement, even though he continued to seek preferment.", "Young, living in a time when patronage was slowly fading out, was notable for desperately seeking patronage for his poetry, his theatrical works, and his career in the church: he failed in each area.", "He never received the degree of patronage that he felt his work had earned, because he picked patrons whose fortunes were about to go down.", "\"False praises are the whoredoms of the pen and prostitute fair fame to worthless men,\" he wrote.", "In 1728 Young became a royal chaplain, and in 1730 he obtained the college living.", "Lady Elizabeth Lee was the daughter of the 1st Earl of Lichfield.", "Henry Temple, son of the 1st Viscount Palmerston, married her daughter, by a previous marriage with her cousin Francis Lee.", "Mrs Temple died on her way to Nice.", "Lady Elizabeth Young and her husband died in 1740", "According to the Night-Thoughts, these deaths are supposed to be when the moon filled her horn.", "The occasion of the poem was real, and Philander and Narcissa have been identified with Mr and Mrs Temple.", "It has been suggested that Philander represents Thomas Tickell, who died three months after Lady Elizabeth Young.", "The infidel Lorenzo was thought to be a sketch of Young's own son, but he was only eight years old at the time.", "The eighth and ninth \"Nights\" appeared in 1745, after The Complaint, which was published in 1742.", "The Brothers was written many years before but was suppressed because he was about to enter the Church.", "He lived in almost complete retirement after Night-Thoughts made him famous.", "He was the clerk of the closet to Augusta of Saxe-Gotha.", "He didn't recover from his wife's death.", "He fell out with his son, who was against the influence of his maid.", "The old man left everything to his son after he died.", "There is a description of him in the letters of John Jones and Dr Thomas Birch.", "There is a Liberal Party.", "Addit.", "M/s 4311)", "He died at Welwyn, reconciled with his spendthrift son: \"he expired a little before 11 of the clock at the night of Good Friday last, the 5th instant, and was buried yesterday about 6 in the afternoon\" (Jones to Birch).", "Young was said to be a great talker.", "Night-Thoughts is long and disconnected, but it has brilliant isolated passages.", "Its success was huge.", "It was written in French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Russian, Welsh and Magyar.", "It was a classic of the romantic school in France.", "In the 100 years after his death, there were questions about the \"sincerity\" of the poet.", "Many readers questioned the poet's sincerity after reading the letters from Young.", "George Eliot discussed his radical insincerity as a poetic artist in his famous essay, Worldliness and Other-Worldliness.", "Young did a lot to spread the fashionable taste for \"melancholy and moonlight\" if he did not invent them.", "Madame Klopstock thought the king should make him archbishop, and some German critics preferred John Milton.", "Young's essay, Conjectures on Original Composition, was popular and influential on the continent, especially among Germans.", "Night-Thoughts was one of the few poems in which blank verse could not be changed for rhyme but with disadvantage.", "The poem was a poetic treatment of sublimity and had a profound influence on the young Edmund Burke, whose writings on the Sublime and the Beautiful were a pivotal turn in 18th-century aesthetic theory.", "Night-Thoughts was mentioned in the Undertones of War memoir as a source of comfort during time in the trenches.", "This work emerged from the darkness of the more recent past thanks to the discussion in Paul Fussell's The Great War and Modern Memory.", "The mention of Young's poem gave students of English literature a glimpse of the early Romantics.", "A new edition of Young's poem, Night-Thoughts (1750), which was already very popular, and which would become one of the most frequently-printed poems of the eighteenth century, was discussed in a letter by Samuel Richardson.", "The edition under discussion was the first in which Millar was involved, and it was advertised for sale in the General Advertiser.", "Night-Thoughts was included in William Hutchinson's lecture series The Spirit of Masonry.", "The young Goethe told his sister in 1766 that he was learning English from Young and Milton, and in his autobiography he confessed that Young's influence had created the atmosphere in which there was a universal response to his seminal work The Sorrows of Young Werther.", "Young's name became a battle cry for the young men of the movement.", "In 1759, at the age of 76, Young published a piece of critical prose under the title of Conjectures on Original Composition which put forward the doctrine of the superiority of \"genius\" and reinforced his reputation as a pioneer of romanticism.", "It was widely and favorably reviewed after being translated into German.", "The cult of genius was a good fit for the ideas of the Sturm und Drang movement.", "Young was forty-seven when he took holy orders.", "It was reported that the author of Night-Thoughts was not the ornament to religion and morality which he afterwards became, and his friendship with the Duke of Wharton and Dodington did not improve his reputation.", "Alexander Pope said that he had a lot of a genius, though without common sense, so that he was liable to get into bombast.", "This made him pass a foolish youth, the sport of peers and poets, but his having a very good heart enabled him to support the clerical character when he assumed it, first with decency and afterwards with honour.", "Busiris, King of Egypt is one of the works by Young.", "Night-Thoughts was illustrated by two different artists.", "The works of the Rev. are poetic.", "Edward Young was revised by himself for publication.", "The complete works of the Rev.", "Edward Young appeared in 1854.", "The life of Sir Herbert Croft is included in Johnson's Lives of the Poets.", "The Easter Anthem was also written by William Billings.", "External links Edward Young, \"The Poetical Works of Edward Young,\" Vol.", "I, Vol.", "Bell and Daldy were in London in 1858.", "The 1962 novel Devil Water mentioned Edward Young at the Bibliotheca Augustana.", "The Eighteenth-century Poetry Archive (ECPA) has births and deaths of 18th-century English poets." ]

[ "Edward Young", "Young", "Young", "Edward Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Elizabeth Young", "Young", "Young", "Elizabeth Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Edward Young", "Young", "Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young" ]

[ "Edward Young", "Young", "Young", "Edward Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Elizabeth Young", "Elizabeth Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young", "Edward Young" ]

[ "Robert de Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk, KG (9 August 1298 – 4 November 1369) was an English peer.", "He was created Earl of Suffolk in 1337.", "Early life\nBorn 9 August 1298, Robert Ufford was the second but eldest surviving son of Robert Ufford, 1st Baron Ufford (1279–1316), lord of the manor of Ufford, Suffolk, who was summoned to Parliament by writ of the king dated 13 January 1308, by which he is deemed to have become a baron.", "His mother was Cecily de Valoignes (died 1325), daughter and co-heiress of Sir Robert de Valoignes (died 1281) and Eva (de La Pecche).", "He had a younger brother, Sir Ralph Ufford (died 1346), Justiciar of Ireland, an energetic and capable but rather unpopular viceroy.", "His attitude to the Irish is said to have been influenced greatly by his wife, the King's cousin Maud of Lancaster.", "On 19 May 1318 he had livery of his father's Suffolk lands.", "He was knighted and received some official employments, being occupied, for example, in 1326 in levying ships for the royal use in Suffolk, and serving in November 1327 on a commission of the peace in the eastern counties under the statute of Winchester.", "In May and June 1329 he attended the young Edward III on his journey to Amiens.", "He was employed on state affairs down to the end of the rule of Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, and on 1 May 1330 received a grant for life of Orford Castle in Suffolk, which had been previously held by his father; he also obtained grants of other lands.", "On 28 July he was appointed to array and command the levies of Norfolk and Suffolk summoned to fight \"against the king's rebels\".", "Nevertheless, in October he associated himself with William de Montacute in the attack on Mortimer at Nottingham.", "He took part in the capture of Mortimer in Nottingham Castle, and was implicated in the deaths of Sir Hugh de Turplington and Richard de Monmouth that occurred during the scuffle; that on 12 February 1331 he received a special pardon for the homicide.", "He was rewarded by the grant of the manors of Cawston and Fakenham in Norfolk, and also of some houses in Cripplegate that had belonged to Mortimer's associate, John Maltravers, succeeding Maltravers in some posts.", "He was summoned as a baron to parliament on 27 January 1332.", "From that time he was one of the most trusted warriors, counsellors, and diplomats in Edward III's service.", "Earl of Suffolk\nOn 1 November 1335 Ufford was appointed a member of an embassy empowered to treat with the Scots.", "He then served in a campaign against them, and was made warden of Bothwell Castle.", "On 14 January 1337 he was made Admiral of the North; Ufford ceased to hold this office later in the year.", "In March he was created Earl of Suffolk, and was granted lands.", "During his absence in parliament the Scots retook Bothwell Castle.", "Hundred Years' War\nIn opening moves of the Edwardian War, Suffolk was sent on 3 October 1337, with Henry Burghersh, the Earl of Northampton, and Sir John Darcy, to treat for peace or a truce with the French.", "Further powers were given them to deal with Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and other allies, and on 7 October they were also commissioned to treat with David Bruce, then staying in France, and were accredited to the two cardinals sent by the pope to make an Anglo-French reconciliation.", "Next year, on 1 July, Suffolk was associated with John de Stratford and others on an embassy to France, and left England along with the two cardinals sent to treat for peace.", "He attended the king in Brabant, serving in September 1339 in the expedition that besieged Cambrai, and in the army that prepared to fight a major battle at Buironfosse that came to nothing, where he and the Earl of Derby held a joint command.", "On 15 November of the same year he was appointed joint ambassador to Louis I, Count of Flanders and the Flemish estates, to treat for an alliance.", "After Edward's return to England, Suffolk stayed behind with Salisbury, in garrison at Ypres.", "During Lent 1340 they attacked the French near Lille, pursued the enemy into the town, were made prisoners and were sent to Paris.", "Philip VI of France, it was said, wished to kill them, and they were spared only through the intervention of John of Bohemia.", "The truce of 25 September 1340 provided for the release of all prisoners, but it was only after a heavy ransom, to which Edward III contributed, that Suffolk was freed.", "He took part in a tournament at Dunstable in the spring of 1342 and at great jousts in London.", "He was one of the members of Edward's Round Table at Windsor, which assembled in February 1344, and fought in a tournament at Hertford in September 1344. he was one of the early members of Order of the Garter.", "Suffolk served through the English intervention in the Breton War of Succession during July 1342, and at the siege of Rennes.", "In July 1343 he was joint ambassador to Pope Clement VI at Avignon.", "On 8 May 1344 he was appointed captain and admiral of the northern fleet, and on 3 July accompanied Edward on a short expedition to Flanders.", "He continued admiral in person or deputy until March 1347, when he was succeeded by Sir John Howard.", "On 11 July 1346 Suffolk sailed with the king from Portsmouth on the invasion of France which resulted in the battle of Crécy.", "On the retreat northwards, a day after the passage of the River Seine, Suffolk and Sir Hugh le Despenser defeated a French force.", "Suffolk was one of those who advised Edward to select the field of Crécy as his battle-ground; in the English victory he fought in on the left wing.", "Next morning, 27 August, he took part in the Earl of Northampton's reconnaissance that resulted in a sharp fight with the unbroken remnant of the French army.", "Suffolk's diplomatic activity went on.", "He was one of the commissioners appointed to treat with France on 25 September 1348, and with Flanders on 11 October.", "The negotiations were conducted at Calais.", "On 10 March 1349, and again on 15 May 1350, he had similar commissions.", "On 29 August 1350 he fought in the naval victory, the Battle of Winchelsea.", "In May 1351 and in June 1352 he was chief commissioner of array in Norfolk and Suffolk.", "Poitiers campaign\nIn September 1355 Suffolk sailed with The Black Prince, to Aquitaine.", "Between October and December he was on the prince's raid through Languedoc to Narbonne, where he commanded the rear-guard, William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, serving with him.", "After his return he was quartered at Saint-Emilion, his followers being stationed round Libourne.", "In January 1356 he led another foray, towards Rocamadour.", "Suffolk also shared in the Black Prince's northern foray of 1356, and in the battle of Poitiers which resulted from it, where he commanded, with Salisbury, the third \"battle\" or the rearward.", "The Prince's attempted retreat over the Miausson, threw the brunt of the first fighting on Suffolk and Salisbury.", "On the march back to Bordeaux he led the vanguard.", "Last years\nNow 58 years old, Suffolk took part in the expedition into the County of Champagne in 1359.", "After that he was employed only in embassies, the last of those on which he served being that commissioned on 8 February 1362 to negotiate the proposed marriage of Edmund of Langley to the daughter of the Count of Flanders.", "In his declining years Suffolk devoted himself to the removal of Leiston Abbey, near Saxmundham, to a new site somewhat further inland.", "In 1363 it was transferred to its new home, where some ruins remain.", "Suffolk died on 4 November 1369.", "By his will he requested burial beneath the arch between the chapel of St Nicholas and the high altar of the church of Campsey Priory, where his wife was also buried.", "His monument, much mutilated, is believed to have survived the destruction of the priory and to have been rediscovered in nearby Rendlesham churchyard in 1785 by the Revd.", "Samuel Henley.", "Family\nIn 1324 he married Margaret de Norwich (died 2 April 1368), daughter of Sir Walter de Norwich (died 1329), Treasurer of the Exchequer, by his wife, Katherine de Hedersete, by whom he had a large family, including:\n Robert de Ufford, who predeceased his father without issue.", "William Ufford, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (died 15 February 1382), second son, who married Joan Montagu (2 February 1349before 27 June 1376), daughter of Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu (died 14 July 1361) and Alice of Norfolk, by whom he had four sons and a daughter.", "Walter de Ufford (born 3 October 1343), third son, who married, before February 1359, Elizabeth de Montagu (c. 1344before July 1361), daughter of Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu (died 3 July 1461) and Alice of Norfolk, by whom he had no issue.", "Joan de Ufford, eldest daughter, who was contracted to marry her father's ward, John de St Philibert; however the marriage did not take place.", "Katherine de Ufford (born c. 1317, date of death unknown) married Robert de Scales, 3rd Baron Scales.", "Cecily de Ufford (born c. 1327died before 29 March 1372), who married William, Lord Willoughby of Eresby.", "Their son Lord Robert and grandson Lord William quartered the arms of Ufford (Q1 and Q4) and Willoughby (Q2 and Q3).", "Thenceforth the Willoughby family adopted the arms of Ufford in lieu of their own arms.", "Margaret de Ufford (born c. 1330died before 25 May 1368), who married Sir William Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Groby.", "Maud de Ufford, who became a nun at the Augustinian priory in Campsea Ashe, Suffolk.", "Notes\n\nReferences\n \n \n \n\nAttribution:\n\nExternal links\n familysearch.org Accessed March 5, 2008\n Robert d'Ufford Accessed March 5, 2008\n\n1298 births\n1369 deaths\n14th-century English Navy personnel\nRobert\nEnglish admirals\nKnights of the Garter\nPeople of the Hundred Years' War" ]

[ "Robert de Ufford was an English peer.", "The Earl of Suffolk was created in 1337.", "Robert Ufford was the second son of Robert Ufford and the lord of the manor of Ufford, Suffolk, who was summoned to Parliament by writ of the king dated 13 January 1308.", "His father was Sir Robert de Valoignes and his mother was Cecily de Valoignes.", "He had a younger brother who was an unpopular viceroy.", "His attitude to the Irish is said to have been influenced by his wife.", "He had a livery of his father's Suffolk lands.", "He was knighted in 1326 and served on a commission of the peace in the eastern counties in 1327.", "He attended Edward III's journey to Amiens in May and June of 1329.", "On 1 May 1330, he received a grant for the life of Orford Castle, which had previously been held by his father, after he was employed on state affairs.", "He was summoned to fight against the king's rebels on July 28.", "He was associated with William de Montacute in the attack on Mortimer.", "He received a special pardon for the murder of Sir Hugh de Turplington and Richard de Monmouth after he took part in the capture of Mortimer.", "He was given the manors of Cawston and Fakenham in Norfolk, as well as some houses in Cripplegate that belonged to Mortimer's associate, John Maltravers.", "He was summoned to parliament as a baron.", "He was one of Edward III's most trusted warriors, counsellors, and diplomats.", "The Earl of Suffolk was given the power to treat with the Scots.", "He was made the warden of Bothwell Castle after serving in a campaign against them.", "Ufford ceased to hold the office of admiral of the north later in the year.", "The Earl of Suffolk was created in March.", "Bothwell Castle was taken back by the Scots during his absence in parliament.", "Suffolk was sent to treat for peace or a truce with the French on October 3, 1337.", "Further powers were given to them to deal with Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and other allies, and on 7 October they were also commissioned to treat David Bruce, then stay in France, and be accredited to the two cardinals sent by the pope to make an Anglo- French reconciliation.", "On 1 July of next year, Suffolk left England along with the two cardinals who were sent to France to treat for peace.", "He and the Earl of Derby held a joint command in the army that prepared to fight a major battle at Buironfosse, after he attended the king in Brabant.", "He was appointed joint ambassador to Louis I, Count of Flanders and the Flemish estates on 15 November of the same year.", "After Edward's return to England, Suffolk stayed behind with Salisbury.", "They attacked the French near Lille, pursued the enemy into the town, were made prisoners, and were sent to Paris.", "It was said that Philip VI of France wanted to kill them and they were spared only by the intervention of John of Bohemia.", "The truce of 25 September 1340 provided for the release of all prisoners, but only after a heavy ransom was paid by Edward III.", "At great jousts in London, he participated in a tournament in the spring of 1343.", "He was a member of Edward's Round Table at Windsor and fought in a tournament at Hertford.", "Suffolk was involved in the English intervention in the War of Succession.", "He was the joint ambassador to Pope Clement VI.", "He was appointed captain and admiral of the northern fleet on May 8th, 1343, and accompanied Edward on a short expedition to Flanders on July 3rd.", "Sir John Howard succeeded him as admiral in March 1347.", "The battle of Crécy took place when Suffolk sailed with the king from Pompey on the invasion of France.", "After the passage of the River Seine, Suffolk and Sir Hugh le Despenser defeated a French force.", "Edward was advised by Suffolk to fight in the left wing in order to win the English victory.", "The Earl of Northampton took part in a fight with the remnant of the French army on the 27th of August.", "Suffolk's diplomatic activity continued.", "He was one of the Commissioners appointed to treat with France and Flanders.", "The negotiations were held in France.", "He had the same commission on 10 March and 15 May.", "The Battle of Winchelsea took place on August 29, 1350.", "He was the chief commissioner of array in Norfolk and Suffolk in May and June of 1351.", "Suffolk sailed with The Black Prince to Aquitaine.", "The rear-guard of the prince's raid was commanded by the 2nd Earl of Salisbury, William de Montacute.", "His followers were stationed around Libourne after he returned.", "He went towards Rocamadour in January 1356 again.", "The battle of Poitiers resulted from the northern incursion of the Black Prince, where he commanded with Salisbury, the third \"battle\" or the rearward.", "The Prince's retreat over the Miausson threw the first fighting on Suffolk and Salisbury.", "He was the leader on the march back to Bordeaux.", "Suffolk was part of the expedition into the County of Champagne in 1359.", "He only worked in embassies after he was commissioned to negotiate the marriage of Edmund of Langley to the daughter of the Count of Flanders.", "In his declining years Suffolk devoted himself to the removal of Leiston Abbey, near Saxmundham, to a new site further inland.", "In 1363 it was moved to a new home.", "Suffolk passed away on 4 November 1369.", "His wife was also buried in the church of Campsey Priory, beneath the arch between the chapel of St Nicholas and the high altar.", "His monument is thought to have survived the destruction of the priory and was rediscovered in Rendlesham churchyard in 1785 by the Revd.", "The man is Samuel Henley.", "He had a large family, including Robert de Ufford, who died, as a result of his marriage to Margaret deNorwich.", "William Ufford was the second son of the 2nd Earl of Suffolk and the daughter of the 1st Baron Montagu.", "Elizabeth de Montagu was the daughter of Edward and Alice of Norfolk and was married before July 1361.", "The marriage of Joan de Ufford to John de St Philibert did not take place.", "Robert de Scales was the 3rd Baron Scales.", "William, Lord Willoughby of Eresby was married to Cecily de Ufford.", "Their grandson, Lord William, and son, Lord Robert, quartered the arms of Ufford and Willoughby.", "The arms of Ufford were adopted by the Willoughby family.", "Margaret de Ufford was married to Sir William Ferrers.", "She became a nun at the Augustinian priory in Suffolk.", "The Knights of the Garter People of the Hundred Years' War were led by Robert English." ]

[ "Robert de Uord", "Robert Uord", "Robert Uord", "Robert de Valgnes", "Earl", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Robert de", "Robert de", "Robert", "Robert d" ]

[ "Robert de Uord", "Earl", "Robert Uord", "Robert Uord", "Robert de Valgne", "Suffolk", "Earl", "Suffolk", "Robert de", "Robert de", "Robert", "Robert English" ]

[ "Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (; 27 March 18512 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher.", "His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable.", "He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the Paris Conservatoire.", "His students ranged from Albéric Magnard, Albert Roussel, Arthur Honegger and Darius Milhaud to Erik Satie and Cole Porter.", "D'Indy studied under composer César Franck, and was strongly influenced by Franck's admiration for German music.", "At a time when nationalist feelings were high in both countries (circa the Franco-Prussian War of 1871), this brought Franck into conflict with other musicians who wished to separate French music from German influence.", "Life\nPaul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy was born in Paris into an aristocratic family of royalist and Catholic persuasion.", "He had piano lessons from an early age from his paternal grandmother, who passed him on to Antoine François Marmontel and Louis Diémer.", "From the age of 14 d'Indy studied harmony with Albert Lavignac.", "When he was 16 an uncle introduced him to Berlioz's treatise on orchestration, which inspired him to become a composer.", "He wrote a piano quartet which he sent to César Franck, who was the teacher of a friend.", "Franck recognised his talent and recommended that d'Indy pursue a career as a composer.", "At the age of 19, during the Franco-Prussian War, d'Indy enlisted in the National Guard, but returned to musical life as soon as the hostilities were over.", "He entered Franck's organ class at the Conservatoire de Paris in 1871 remaining there until 1875, when he joined the percussion section of the orchestra at the Châtelet Theatre to gain practical experience.", "He also served as chorus-master to the Concerts Colonne.", "The first of his works he heard performed was a Symphonie italienne, at an orchestral rehearsal under Jules Pasdeloup; the work was admired by Georges Bizet and Jules Massenet, with whom he had already become acquainted.", "In the summer of 1873 he visited Germany, where he met Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms.", "On 25 January 1874 his overture Les Piccolomini was performed at a Pasdeloup concert, sandwiched between works by Bach and Beethoven.", "Around this time he married Isabelle de Pampelonne, one of his cousins.", "In 1875 his symphony dedicated to János Hunyadi was performed.", "That same year he played a minor role – the prompter – at the premiere of Bizet's opera Carmen.", "In 1876 he was present at the first production of Richard Wagner's Ring cycle at Bayreuth.", "This made a great impression on him and he became a fervent Wagnerian.", "In 1878 d'Indy's symphonic ballad La Forêt enchantée was performed.", "In 1882 he heard Wagner's Parsifal.", "In 1883 his choral work Le Chant de la cloche appeared.", "In 1884 his symphonic poem Saugefleurie was premiered.", "His piano suite (\"symphonic poem for piano\") called Poème des montagnes came from around this time.", "In 1887 appeared his Suite in D for trumpet, 2 flutes and string quartet.", "That same year he was involved in Lamoureux's production of Wagner's Lohengrin as choirmaster.", "His music drama Fervaal occupied him between 1889 and 1895.", "Inspired by his studies with Franck and yet dissatisfied with the standard of teaching at the Conservatoire, d'Indy, together with Charles Bordes and Alexandre Guilmant, founded the Schola Cantorum de Paris in 1894.", "D'Indy taught there until his death, becoming principal in 1904.", "Of the teaching at the Schola Cantorum, The Oxford Companion to Music says, \"A solid grounding in technique was encouraged, rather than originality\", and comments that few graduates could stand comparison with the best Conservatoire students.", "D'Indy later taught at the Conservatoire and privately, while retaining his post at the Schola Cantorum.", "Among d'Indy's renowned pupils were Albéric Magnard, Albert Roussel, Joseph Canteloube (who later wrote d'Indy's biography), Celia Torra, Arthur Honegger and Darius Milhaud.", "Two atypical students were Cole Porter, who signed up for a two-year course at the Schola, but left after a few months, and Erik Satie, who studied there for three years and later wrote, \"Why on earth had I gone to d'Indy?", "The things I had written before were so full of charm.", "And now?", "What nonsense!", "What dullness!\"", "Nonetheless, according to Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, d'Indy's influence as a teacher was \"enormous and wide-ranging, with benefits for French music far outweighing the charges of dogmatism and political intolerance\".", "D'Indy played an important part in the history of the Société nationale de musique, of which his teacher, Franck, had been a founding member in 1871.", "Like Franck, d'Indy revered German music, and he resented the society's exclusion of non-French music and composers.", "He became the society's joint secretary in 1885, and succeeded in overturning its French-only rule the following year.", "The founders of the society, Romain Bussine and Camille Saint-Saëns resigned in protest.", "Franck refused the formal title of president of the society, but when he died in 1890, d'Indy took the post.", "His regime, however, alienated a younger generation of French composers, who, led by Maurice Ravel, founded the breakaway Société musicale indépendante in 1910, which attracted leading young composers from France and other countries.", "In an attempt to further a proposed merger of the two organisations during the First World War d'Indy stepped down as president of the Société nationale to make way for the more \"progressive\" Gabriel Fauré, but the plan came to nothing.", "According to the biographer Robert Orledge, the death of d'Indy's first wife in 1905 removed the stabilising influence in the composer's life, and he became \"increasingly vulnerable to politically motivated attacks on the Schola Cantorum and apprehensive of dangerously decadent trends in contemporary music in both France and Germany\".", "His aesthetic ideas, Orledge argues, became \"increasingly reactionary and dogmatic\" and his political views right-wing and anti-Semitic.", "He joined the Ligue de la patrie française (League of the French Fatherland) during the Dreyfus affair.", "During the First World War d'Indy served on cultural missions to allied countries, and completed his third music drama, La Légende de Saint-Christophe, in Orledge's view \"a celebration of traditional Catholic regionalism as opposed to modern liberal democracy and capitalist values\".", "After the war he increased his activities as a conductor, giving concert tours throughout Europe and the US.", "1920 he married the much younger Caroline Janson; Orledge writes that this \"brought a true creative rebirth, witnessed in the serene Mediterranean-inspired compositions of his final decade\".", "D'Indy died on 2 December 1931 in his native Paris, aged 80, and was buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery.", "Works\n\nFew of d'Indy's works are performed regularly in concert halls today.", "Grove comments that his famed veneration for Beethoven and Franck \"has unfortunately obscured the individual character of his own compositions, particularly his fine orchestral pieces descriptive of southern France\".", "Among his best known pieces are the Symphony on a French Mountain Air for piano and orchestra (1886), and Istar (1896), a symphonic poem in the form of a set of variations in which the theme appears only at the end.", "Among d'Indy's other works are more orchestral pieces, including a Symphony in B, a vast symphonic poem, Jour d'été à la montagne, and another, Souvenirs, written on the death of his first wife.", "The Times said of his music that the influence of Berlioz, Franck, and Wagner is strong in almost all his work, \"that of Franck showing itself chiefly in the shapes of his tunes, that of Wagner in their development, and that of Berlioz in their orchestration\".", "Grove says of his chamber works: \"D'Indy's somewhat academic corpus of chamber music (including three completed string quartets) is generally less interesting than his orchestral works\".", "He also wrote piano music (including a Sonata in E minor), songs and a number of operas, including Fervaal (1897) and L'Étranger (1902).", "His music drama Le Légende de Saint Christophe, based on themes from Gregorian chant, was premiered at the Paris Opéra on 6 June 1920.", "D'Indy helped revive a number of then largely forgotten Baroque works, for example making his own edition of Monteverdi's opera L'incoronazione di Poppea.", "His musical writings include the three-volume Cours de composition musicale as well as studies of Franck and Beethoven.", "The Times commented that his study of the former was \"one of the most vivid and individual of modern French biographies\", and the latter, published in 1912, showed \"the closeness of the lifelong study which he devoted to that master\".", "Commemorations\nThe private music college École de musique Vincent-d'Indy in Montreal, Canada, is named after the composer, as is the asteroid 11530 d'Indy, discovered in 1992.", "Notes, references and sources\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\nFurther reading\n Norman Demuth, Vincent d'Indy: Champion of Classicism (London, 1951)\n Steven Huebner, Vincent d'Indy and Moral Order' and 'Fervaal': French Opera at the Fin de Siècle (Oxford, 1999), pp.", "301–08 and 317–50\n Vincent d'Indy (Marie d'Indy, ed.", "), (Paris, 2001).", "James Ross, 'D'Indy's \"Fervaal\": Reconstructing French Identity at the Fin-de-Siècle', Music and Letters 84/2 (May 2003), pp.", "209–40\n Manuela Schwartz (ed.", "), Vincent d'Indy et son temps (Sprimont, 2006).", "Andrew Thomson, Vincent d'Indy and his World (Oxford, 1996)\n Robert Trumble, Vincent d'Indy: His Greatness and Integrity (Melbourne, 1994)\n\nExternal links\n\n \n D'Indy Trio for Clarinet, Cello & Piano, Op.", "29, Piano Quartet Op.", "7, String Quartet No.", "1 and String Sextet, Op.", "92 soundbites and discussion of works\n \n \n by Julian Lloyd Webber and the English Chamber Orchestra conducted by Yan Pascal Tortelier\n\n1851 births\n1931 deaths\n19th-century classical composers\n19th-century French composers\n19th-century French male musicians\n20th-century classical composers\n20th-century French composers\n20th-century French male musicians\nConservatoire de Paris faculty\nBurials at Montparnasse Cemetery\nConservatoire de Paris alumni\nFrench male classical composers\nFrench male non-fiction writers\nFrench music theorists\nFrench Roman Catholics\nFrench Romantic composers\nMembers of the Ligue de la patrie française\nMusicians from Paris\nPupils of Antoine François Marmontel\nPupils of César Franck\nSchola Cantorum de Paris faculty" ]

[ "Paul Marie d'Indy was a French composer and teacher.", "His influence as a teacher was significant.", "He was also a teacher at the Paris Conservatoire.", "His students ranged from Albéric Magnard to Cole Porter.", "D'Indy was influenced by the composer's admiration for German music.", "During the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, nationalist feelings were high in both countries, which led to a conflict between musicians who wanted to separate French music from German influence.", "The life Paul Marie ThéodoreVincent d'Indy was born into was a family of royalist and Catholic persuasion.", "From an early age, he had piano lessons from his paternal grandmother.", "d'Indy studied harmony with Albert Lavignac.", "An uncle introduced him to a book that inspired him to become a composer.", "He sent a piano quartet to the teacher of his friend.", "d'Indy was recommended to pursue a career as a composer by Franck.", "During the Franco-Prussian War, d'Indy enlisted in the National Guard, but returned to musical life as soon as the hostilities were over.", "He joined the percussion section of the orchestra at the Chtelet Theatre when he joined the organ class at the Conservatoire de Paris in 1871.", "He was the chorus-master at the Concerts Colonne.", "The first work he heard performed was a Symphonie italienne, which was admired by both Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet.", "He traveled to Germany in the summer of 1873 and met some people.", "The overture Les Piccolomini was performed at a concert on January 25, 1874.", "He married one of his cousins.", "The symphony was dedicated to Jnos Hunyadi.", "He played the prompter at the premiere of Carmen.", "He attended the first production of the Ring cycle at Bayreuth in 1876.", "He became a fervent Wagnerian because of this.", "La Fort enchantée was written by d'Indy.", "He heard Parsifal in 1882.", "Le Chant de la cloche appeared in 1884.", "Saugefleurie was written in 1884.", "His piano suite was called Pome des montagnes.", "His Suite in D was for trumpet, 2 flutes and string quartet.", "He was involved in Lamoureux's production of the opera.", "Between 1889 and 1895, Fervaal occupied him.", "He was dissatisfied with the standard of teaching at the Conservatoire, d'Indy, so together with Charles Bordes and Alexandre Guilmant founded the Schola Cantorum de Paris in 1894.", "D'Indy became principal in 1904.", "The Oxford Companion to Music says that a solid grounding in technique was encouraged, and that few graduates could be compared to the best Conservatoire students.", "D'Indy remained at the Schola Cantorum after teaching at the Conservatoire and privately.", "Among d'Indy's renowned students were Albéric Magnard, Albert Roussel, Joseph Canteloube, and Arthur Honegger.", "Two atypical students were Cole Porter, who signed up for a two-year course at the Schola, but left after a few months, and Erik Satie, who studied there for three years and later wrote, \"Why on earth had I gone to d'Indy?\"", "The things I had written before were full of charm.", "And now?", "What nonsense!", "What! It's dull!", "According to the Dictionary of Music and Musicians, d'Indy's influence as a teacher was \"enormous and wide-ranging, with benefits for French music far outweighing the charges of dogmatism and political intolerance\".", "D'Indy's teacher, Franck, was a founding member of the Société nationale de musique.", "d'Indy disliked the society's exclusion of non- French music and composers.", "He became the society's joint secretary in 1885 and was able to overturn the French-only rule the following year.", "The society's founding fathers, Romain Bussine and Camille Saint-Sans, resigned in protest.", "d'Indy took over as president when Franck died, but he refused the formal title of president.", "Leading young composers from France and other countries were attracted to the Société musicale indépendante, founded in 1910 by Maurice Ravel, because of his regime.", "During the First World War d'Indy stepped down as president of the Société nationale to make way for Gabriel Fauré, but the plan came to nothing.", "The death of d'Indy's first wife in 1905 removed the stabilising influence in the composer's life, and he became vulnerable to politically motivated attacks on the Schola Cantorum and fearful of dangerously decadent trends in contemporary music.", "Orledge argues that his aesthetic ideas became reactionary and anti-Semitic.", "He joined the League of the French Fatherland.", "During the First World War d'Indy served on cultural missions to allied countries, and completed his third music drama, La Légende de Saint-Christophe, in Orledge's view \"a celebration of traditional Catholic regionalism as opposed to modern liberal democracy and capitalist values\".", "He gave concert tours throughout Europe and the US after the war.", "He married a younger woman in 1920, and Orledge writes that this \"brought a true creative rebirth, witnessed in the serene Mediterranean-inspired compositions of his final decade\".", "D'Indy died in Paris at the age of 80 and was buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery.", "D'Indy's works are rarely performed in concert halls.", "The individual character of his own compositions, particularly his fine orchestral pieces of southern France, has unfortunately been obscured by his admiration for Beethoven and Franck.", "The Symphony on a French Mountain Air for piano and orchestra is one of his best known pieces, as is Istar, a symphonic poem in the form of a set of variations in which the theme appears only at the end.", "The symphonies in B, Jour d'été la montagne, and Souvenirs are among d'Indy's other works.", "According to The Times, his music has a strong influence on many of his works, with the shapes of his tunes, that of Wagner in their development, and that of Berlioz in their orchestra.", "The orchestral works of D'Indy are more interesting than his chamber works.", "He wrote a number of operas, including Fervaal and L'tranger.", "The Paris Opéra hosted the premiere of Le Légende de Saint Christophe on June 6, 1920.", "D'Indy made his own version of Monteverdi's opera L'incoronazione di Poppea.", "His musical writings include the three-volume Cours de composition musicale.", "The Times said that his study of the former was one of the most vivid and individual of modern French biographies, and the other showed the close relationship he had with that master.", "The asteroid 11530 d'Indy was discovered in 1992, and the private music college is named after the composer.", "References include \"Norman Demuth,Vincent d'Indy: Champion of Classicism\", \"Vincent d'Indy and Moral Order\", and \"Fervaal\": French Opera at the Fin de Sicle\".", "301–08 and 317–50 were written by Marie d'Indy.", "Paris, 2001", "James Ross wrote about D'Indy's \"Fervaal\" in Music and Letters 84/2.", "The ed. of Manuela Schwartz.", "),Vincent d'Indy et son temps.", "Andrew Thomson,Vincent d'Indy and his World and Robert Trumble,Vincent d'Indy: His Greatness and Integrity are external links.", "There is a piano quartet.", "There is a string quartet.", "1 and string sextet.", "There are 92 soundbites and discussion of works by the English Chamber Orchestra." ]

[ "Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d", "Paul Marie Thodore Vincent d", "Vincent d", "Vincent d", "Vincent d", "Vincent d", "Vincent d" ]

[ "Vincent d", "Vincent d", "Vincent d", "Vincent d" ]

[ "Paul Steven Walsh (born 15 May 1955) is an English businessman who is the executive chairman of the McLaren Group.", "He was the chief executive of Diageo, the world's largest whisky company, for twelve years between 2000 and 2013.", "Walsh was criticised in the press for what was seen as his excessive remuneration, but received admiration for his ability to build brands.", "He spent the majority of his career at Diageo and its precursor Grand Metropolitan.", "His most notable decision was the acquisition of the Seagram drinks company, which added Captain Morgan rum and Crown Royal Canadian whisky to Diageo's roster of brands.", "Walsh's tenure in charge of Diageo closely mirrored his behaviour as head of the Pillsbury food business: selling off non-essential assets such as Burger King and aggressively marketing a select number of \"core\" brands.", "He was disciplined regarding prices paid for the acquisition of assets.", "Towards the end of his Diageo career, he increased the company's exposure to developing markets such as India and China.", "In February 2014 Walsh became the non-executive chairman of Compass Group, the world's largest catering company.", "His role as an advisor to Diageo ended in September 2014.", "Early life\nWalsh was born in Middleton, and raised in the former mill town of Chadderton, Lancashire, in the North West of England.", "The only child of Arthur and Anne Walsh, his father was a pipe fitter who later ran a small thermal engineering company, and his mother was a housewife.", "Walsh believes that he inherited his work ethic from his father, his organisational skills from his mother, and his confidence from both parents, who he has described as \"strict\" but \"loving\".", "His great grandfather emigrated from Ireland, hence he bears the common Irish surname of Walsh.", "Walsh was educated at his local comprehensive, the Royton and Crompton School, followed by Oldham College.", "He initially aspired to become a fighter pilot after becoming influenced by his \"hero\", a mathematics teacher who had been in the Royal Air Force during World War II.", "Walsh gained his pilot licence, but failed the medical examination to fly fighter jets due to colour blindness.", "Instead, Walsh took a sandwich degree in accounting and economics at Manchester Polytechnic in 1973, with a work placement at the Co-operative Group's soft drinks operation.", "He did not enjoy accounting, but reasoned that the skill would provide a good gateway into business.", "He moved to London to work for International Computers Limited, and later the American Eaton Corporation, a manufacturer of industrial equipment, which he says he learnt a \"can-do attitude\".", "Career\n\nGrand Metropolitan\nWalsh joined London-based property and brewing conglomerate Grand Metropolitan (Grand Met) in 1982 as a financial planner and account manager for their brewing division Watney, Mann & Truman.", "By 1984–5, at his request, he had moved into a sales and marketing role.", "In 1986 he became the brewing division's chief financial officer (CFO), where he came to the attention of Grand Met's chairman Allen Sheppard after he reformed the financial reporting system.", "In 1987, Walsh moved to New York to become CFO of Grand Met's 100 property-strong Intercontinental Hotels division.", "There he was tasked with acquiring properties, but having arrived at the height of what he identified as a real estate bubble, he argued that, \"at that price we should be selling, not buying\".", "Walsh also believed that the hotel group utilised an excessive amount of working capital.", "In 1988, he helped to negotiate the sale of the chain for $2.3 billion in cash (a price to earnings ratio of 52) to the Saison Group, in what he later described as \"the deal of the decade\".", "Even before the bubble burst, it was suggested that the Japanese company was overpaying for the chain; one analyst described their valuation of Intercontinental as \"off the chart\".", "Saison sold the chain in 1998 for $2.8 billion, having added a further 87 hotels.", "Following the divestment, Walsh joined Grand Met's US-headquartered food division as CFO.", "In 1989, Grand Met used the proceeds from the Intercontinental sale to initiate a hostile takeover of Pillsbury, owner of the Green Giant and Häagen-Dazs brands, for $5.7 billion.", "The Grand Met offer was held by analysts to be a generous one for a struggling company that was under-performing in its industry.", "Walsh subsequently admitted to overvaluing the Green Giant vegetables division.", "Grand Met was attempting to diversify, and was attracted to Pillsbury's brands, which they believed held under-exploited potential for international growth.", "Writing in Businessweek, Mark Maremont accused Pillsbury of being \"lax\" in exploiting Häagen-Dazs' potential overseas.", "Walsh said: We thought Pillsbury had powerful brands, but it had kind of lost its way.", "We felt we could leverage its brands and its technologies.", "They had under-resourced their R&D and done a number of things to make the number, make the number.", "Cost reduction is a way of life, but you have to be responsible about it.", "You have to protect the seed today because that will be the tree that bears fruit in the future.", "I don't think Pillsbury had done that.", "In January 1992 Walsh was made chief executive of Pillsbury, in addition to his job as CFO of the Grand Met food division.", "A Star Tribune profile described him as \"a boy-wonder [with] traits of boldness, curiosity and financial wizardry\".", "Walsh identified the various divisions of Pillsbury as poorly integrated and reined in their independence to make them more accountable to head office.", "He also invested heavily in research and development, technology, IT systems and marketing.", "Concentrating the company on consumer food, in 1994 he sold the Alpo pet food business to Nestlé for $510 million in cash.", "In February 1995 he participated in Grand Met's friendly takeover of Pet, Inc., the makers of Old El Paso branded Tex-Mex foods, for $2.6 billion.", "A number of analysts feared at the time that Grand Met had overpaid for the company, and was taking on too much debt, but Walsh defended the acquisition, arguing, \"we are paying a fair price for attractive brands\", adding that he had faith in the continued growth of the Tex-Mex food sector.", "In October 1995 he joined the Grand Met board of directors and assumed additional responsibility for Grand Met's Paris-based European food operations.", "In 1996 he was made chairman and president of Pillsbury.", "Investors Chronicle described Pillsbury as \"well managed\" under his leadership.", "Walsh was credited with re-energising the company, and operating profits grew from $250 million to $660 million between 1992 and 1996.", "Diageo\nIn 1997, Grand Met merged with Guinness, a major drinks concern, and the new company was named Diageo.", "In 1999 Walsh returned to England, and was elected chief operating officer of Diageo in January 2000, and CEO in September 2000.", "He took over a company that had stagnated since its merger three years earlier, and that The Economist deemed \"mediocre\".", "As head of Diageo he transformed the consumer goods company into a streamlined premium drinks business.", "Walsh said:\"While Diageo had positions in drinks, that leadership was marginal – capital was not limitless.", "My view, supported by colleagues on the board, was that we should focus on where we can be a global leader.", "We couldn't aspire to that in food – that slot was taken by the Unilevers and Nestlés and Krafts of this world – but we could command that position in premium drinks.\"", "Walsh identified drinks as the central Diageo business, and began selling off assets that did not fit this model.", "He sold Pillsbury to General Mills in 2001 for $10.1 billion, and Burger King to the private equity firm Texas Pacific Group in 2002 for $1.5 billion.", "He suggested that he would have liked to have sold Burger King earlier, but was worried about Diageo's capacity to handle both transactions simultaneously.", "In a strategy to bolster Diageo's drinks sales, in 2001 he acquired the Seagram drinks business from Vivendi Universal in conjunction with Pernod Ricard for $8.2 billion, an action that was later credited with refocusing and re-energising Diageo.", "At the time, analysts suggested that Walsh had overpaid, and that Pernod Ricard had gained control of the better brands.", "Despite having entered into an alliance with Pernod in order to avoid regulatory issues, Diageo was still forced to divest the Malibu Rum brand after acquiring Captain Morgan.", "Walsh defended the deal on the basis of efficiency savings and the fact that the deal was almost entirely financed by the sale of Pillsbury.", "Of the acquisition he says:We moved in on that Seagram deal and forced their hand very quickly while our competitors were still trying to get their act together.", "If you look at what we paid it will go down in history as the bargain of the century.", "It was an $8.1bn total price of which our part was about $5.6bn and it was at economic profit break even at the end of year two.", "It’s produced phenomenal returns.", "If you look at Pernod’s Allied Domecq acquisition, it is 30 per cent higher in multiple terms and you’re not getting as good a collection of brands.", "The Seagram deal cemented Diageo's decision to focus on drinks, and strengthened its leadership position in the key US market by adding Captain Morgan rum and Crown Royal Canadian whisky to the company's portfolio of products.", "Walsh announced plans grow Diageo by winning market share from wine and beer makers, introducing innovative new products and by cutting costs.", "Inspired by the success of Smirnoff Ice, Walsh invested heavily in ready to drink products, termed \"alcopops\" by the British press.", "However, with the exception of Smirnoff Ice, none of the new products developed by Diageo was able to establish itself in the marketplace, and the alcopop trend was quickly dubbed a \"fad\" by the media.", "Some of these failures proved costly: Captain Morgan Gold lost £24 million for the company in 2002.", "Diageo acquired the Bushmills Irish whiskey brand and distillery from Pernod Ricard for €295 million in 2005.", "In 2008 Diageo acquired a 50 per cent stake in the Ketel One brand for US$900 million.", "Walsh received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2009\n\nIn 2011, Walsh threatened to move Diageo's headquarters away from the United Kingdom, following the introduction of a 50 per cent income tax rate for high earners.", "He said: \"I believe the 50 per cent tax rate will lead to the long-term damage of this nation’s competitive edge.\"", "In 2012, Walsh criticised the Cameron government again, suggesting that the London Olympics ought to have been followed up with greater infrastructure spending to tackle unemployment.", "In May 2013, Walsh announced that he would be stepping down as the chief of Diageo in September, but would stay with the company as an advisor until June 2014 to aid the transition process.", "Reception and appraisal\nWalsh has repeatedly spoken of the need for companies to genuinely be socially responsible.", "Under Walsh's management, Diageo has been careful to \"manage for value\", and to avoid overpaying for assets.", "According to Nick Goodway of The Independent, Walsh \"has been canny in allowing others to bid for the really big rivals and then pick up the brands that fall out of those deals cheaply\".", "Walsh has been criticised for his decision to exit the Indian spirits market in 2002 by disposing of Gilbey's Green Label, a strategy which he reversed in 2012 with the acquisition of a stake in United Spirits.", "David Wighton commented in The Times that Diageo's acquisition of United Spirits had seen the company's owner, Vijay Mallya, \"utterly outmanoeuvred by a canny rival prepared to play the long game.\"", "William Hopper, a former director of merchant bank Morgan Grenfell, described Walsh as a \"bean counter\", and criticised the size of his salary.", "In 2012, one leading Diageo shareholder said, \"We have a very, very positive view of this company and Paul Walsh as well.", "We do not have a problem with [his] pay.\"", "Other responsibilities\nIn addition to his responsibilities at Diageo, Walsh has been a non-executive director at FedEx Corporation since 1996, at Unilever since 2009, and at Avanti Communications since 2012.", "From 1991 - 2007 he was a non-executive director of Control Data Corporation and its successor company Ceridian.", "He sat on the board of General Mills from 2000 until 2004, stepping down after Diageo reduced its stake in the company.", "He was a non-executive director of the energy company Centrica from March 2003 until May 2009.", "He is former chairman of the governors at Henley Management College.", "He became a council member of the Scotch Whisky Association in 2001 and served as its chairman from 2008 until 2011.", "During 2012 he was a member of David Cameron's Business Advisory Group.", "In August 2013, Walsh joined the United Spirits board.", "Personal life\nWalsh was described by Philippe Naughton in The Times as \"tall, paunchy, balding and thickset...[with] a burly confidence that exudes from every pore...a bluff Mancunian whose blokeish humour masks a fiercely competitive nature\".", "Walsh claims to lead a \"relatively modest\" life that is dominated by work.", "At Diageo, he spent around half of his time in various foreign countries, totalling over 5 million air miles.", "Walsh met Manchester-born Nicolette (Nikki) in London in 1978.", "They married in 1980 and have a son, Dean Paul Walsh.", "They separated in 2006.", "In October 2012 it was reported that Walsh was engaged to marry his longterm girlfriend Julie Lewis, a public relations executive, and they married in May 2013.", "Walsh is one of the highest-paid businessmen in Britain, earning £11.2 million between June 2011 and June 2012 from his work at Diageo.", "He lives near Horsham in West Sussex.", "He holds a minority stake in a game ranch in South Africa, where he enjoys big game hunting.", "References\n\nExternal links\n Diageo\n Video interview by Robert Peston in July 2008\n\nAlumni of Manchester Metropolitan University\nBritish corporate directors\nBritish hospitality businesspeople\n1955 births\nChief operating officers\nDiageo people\nLiving people\nEnglish accountants\nEnglish chief executives\nEnglish people of Irish descent\nPeople from Chadderton\nPeople from Middleton, Greater Manchester\nPeople from Orono, Minnesota\nCompass Group people\nMcLaren people" ]

[ "The executive chairman of the McLaren Group is an Englishman named Paul Steven Walsh.", "He was the chief executive of the world's largest company for twelve years.", "Walsh was praised for his ability to build brands despite being criticized for his excessive remuneration.", "He spent most of his career at Grand Metropolitan.", "The acquisition of the Seagram drinks company, which included Captain Morgan rum and Crown Royal Canadian whisky, was his most notable decision.", "As head of the Pillsbury food business, Walsh aggressively marketed a select number of \"core\" brands and sold off non-essential assets such as Burger King.", "He was disciplined for paying too much for assets.", "He increased the company's exposure to developing markets at the end of his career.", "Walsh became the non-executive chairman of the world's largest catering company.", "His role as an advisor ended in September.", "Walsh was raised in the former mill town of Chadderton in the North West of England.", "The only child of Arthur and Anne Walsh, his father was a pipe fitter who later ran a small thermal engineering company, and his mother was a housewife.", "Walsh believes that his work ethic came from his father, his organisational skills came from his mother, and his confidence came from both of his parents.", "Walsh is the common Irish surname of his great grandfather.", "The Royton and Crompton School was where Walsh was educated.", "The mathematics teacher who inspired him to become a fighter pilot was in the Royal Air Force during World War II.", "Walsh failed the medical examination to fly fighter jets due to colour blind.", "Walsh got a work placement at the Co-operative Group's soft drinks operation after taking a sandwich degree in accounting and economics.", "He thought accounting would be a good way to get into business.", "He learned a \"can-do attitude\" after moving to London to work for International Computers.", "Grand Metropolitan Walsh joined London-based property and brewing conglomerate Grand Metropolitan (Grand Met) in 1982 as a financial planner and account manager for their brewing division Watney, Mann & Truman.", "He moved into a sales and marketing role at his request.", "He came to the attention of Grand Met's chairman after he reformed the financial reporting system.", "Walsh moved to New York in 1987 to become the CFO of the Intercontinental Hotels division.", "He argued that \"at that price we should be selling, not buying\" after arriving at the height of the real estate bubble.", "Walsh believed that the hotel group used too much working capital.", "He helped to negotiate the sale of the chain in 1988 to the Saison Group in a deal that he later described as \"the deal of the decade\".", "Even before the bubble burst, it was suggested that the Japanese company was overpaying for the chain; one analyst described their valuation of Intercontinental as \"off the chart\".", "Saison sold the chain in 1998 for more than $2 billion.", "Walsh joined Grand Met's US-headquartered food division as CFO.", "Grand Met used the proceeds from the Intercontinental sale to start a hostile takeover of Pillsbury, the owner of the Green Giant and Hagen-Dazs brands.", "The analysts held the Grand Met offer to be generous for a struggling company.", "Walsh admitted to overvaluing the Green Giant vegetables division.", "Pillsbury's brands, which they believed held under-exploited potential for international growth, were attractive to Grand Met.", "Mark Maremont accused Pillsbury of being \"lax\" in exploiting Hagen-Dazs' potential overseas.", "Pillsbury had lost its way, but we thought it had powerful brands.", "We felt we could use its brands.", "They did a number of things to make the number, make the number.", "You have to be responsible for cost reduction.", "The tree that bears fruit in the future will be the seed you protect today.", "I don't think Pillsbury did that.", "Walsh was CFO of the Grand Met food division at the time he was made chief executive of Pillsbury.", "He was described as a boy-wonder by a Star Tribune profile.", "The Pillsbury divisions were reined in to make them more accountable to the head office.", "He invested a lot in research and development.", "In 1994 he sold the Alpo pet food business to Nestlé for $510 million in cash.", "In February 1995 he participated in Grand Met's friendly takeover of Pet, Inc., the makers of Old El Paso branded Tex-Mex foods.", "Walsh defended the acquisition, arguing that Grand Met was paying a fair price for attractive brands and that he had faith in the continued growth of the company.", "He joined the Grand Met board of directors in October 1995 and assumed additional responsibility for Grand Met's Paris-based European food operations.", "He was made chairman and president of Pillsbury in 1996.", "Pillsbury was described as \"well managed\" by the investors Chronicle.", "Between 1992 and 1996 the company's operating profits grew from $250 million to $660 million.", "Grand Met and Guinness merged in 1997 and the new company was named Diageo.", "Walsh returned to England in 1999 and was elected chief operating officer of Diageo in January 2000.", "The company he took over was deemed \"mediocre\" by The Economist.", "He turned the consumer goods company into a drinks business.", "The capital was not unlimited and the leadership was marginal.", "My colleagues on the board supported my view that we should focus on where we can be a global leader.", "We couldn't aspire to that in food, but we could command that position in drinks.", "Assets that did not fit the model were sold by Walsh.", "In 2001 he sold Pillsbury to General Mills for $10.1 billion, and in 2002 he sold Burger King to Texas Pacific Group for 1.5 billion.", "He thought he would have liked to have sold Burger King earlier.", "In 2001 he acquired the Seagram drinks business from Vivendi Universal in conjunction with Pernod Ricard for $8.2 billion, an action that was later credited with refocusing and re-energising Diageo.", "Analysts thought that Walsh had overpaid and that Pernod Ricard had gained control of the better brands.", "Despite entering into an alliance with Pernod, Diageo was still forced to sell the Malibu Rum brand after acquiring Captain Morgan.", "Walsh defended the deal on the basis of efficiency savings and the fact that the deal was almost entirely financed by the sale of Pillsbury.", "While our competitors were still trying to get their act together, we moved in on the Seagram deal and forced their hand very quickly.", "The bargain of the century is what we paid.", "At the end of the second year, it was at economic profit break even and the total price was $8.1 billion.", "It has produced great returns.", "Pernod's Allied Domecq acquisition is 30 per cent higher in multiple terms and you're not getting as good a collection of brands.", "Captain Morgan rum and Crown Royal Canadian whisky were added to the company's portfolio as a result of the Seagram deal.", "Walsh wants to win market share from wine and beer makers and introduce innovative new products.", "Walsh was inspired by the success of Smirnoff Ice and invested heavily in ready to drink products.", "None of the new products developed by Diageo were able to establish themselves in the marketplace, and the alcopop trend was quickly dubbed a \"fad\" by the media.", "Captain Morgan Gold lost £24 million in 2002.", "The Bushmills Irish whiskey brand and distillery was acquired by Diageo in 2005.", "The Ketel One brand was acquired by Diageo in 2008 for US$900 million.", "Walsh received a degree from Heriot-Watt University in 2009.", "He believes the 50 per cent tax rate will damage the nation's competitive edge.", "Walsh said in 2012 that the London Olympics should have followed up with more infrastructure spending to tackle unemployment.", "In May of last year, Walsh announced that he would be stepping down as the chief of Diageo in September, but would stay with the company as an advisor until June of next year.", "Walsh has spoken of the need for companies to be socially responsible.", "To avoid overpaying for assets, Walsh's management has been careful to manage for value.", "According to Nick Goodway of The Independent, Walsh has been \"canny in allowing others to bid for the really big rivals and then pick up the brands that fall out of those deals cheaply\".", "Walsh was criticized for exiting the Indian spirits market in 2002 by disposing of Gilbey's Green Label, a strategy which he reversed in 2012 with the acquisition of a stake in United Spirits.", "The acquisition of United Spirits by Diageo saw the company's owner, Vijay Mallya, \"utterly outmanoeuvred by a canny rival prepared to play the long game.\"", "Walsh was described as a \"bean counter\" by William Hopper, a former director of Morgan Grenfell.", "A leading shareholder said in 2012 that they had a very positive view of the company and Paul Walsh.", "We don't have a problem with his pay.", "In addition to his responsibilities at Diageo, Walsh has been a non-executive director at several other companies.", "He was a non-executive director of both Control Data Corporation and Ceridian.", "He was on the board of General Mills from 2000 to 2004, but stepped down after Diageo reduced its stake in the company.", "He was a non-executive director of Centrica from 2003 to 2009.", "He was the chairman of the governors at the college.", "He was the chairman of the Scotch Whisky Association from 2008 to 2011.", "He was a member of the Business Advisory Group.", "Walsh joined the United Spirits board.", "Walsh's personal life was described in The Times as \" tall, paunchy, balding and thickset... a bluff Mancunian whose blokeish humour masks a fiercely competitive nature\".", "Walsh says he leads a modest life that is dominated by work.", "He spent over 5 million air miles in various foreign countries.", "Walsh met Nicolette in London.", "They have a son, Dean Paul Walsh.", "They separated in 2006", "In October 2012 it was reported that Walsh was going to marry his girlfriend, Julie Lewis, a public relations executive.", "Between June 2011 and June 2012 Walsh earned over $12 million from his work at Diageo, making him one of the highest-paid businessmen in Britain.", "He lives in West Sussex.", "He enjoys big game hunting on a game ranch in South Africa.", "The alumni of Manchester Metropolitan University have a video interview with Robert Peston." ]

[ "Paul Steven Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Anne Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Allen Sheppard", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Sai", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Paul Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Dean Paul", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh" ]

[ "Paul Steven Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Anne Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Sai", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Paul Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Dean Paul", "Walsh", "Walsh", "Walsh" ]

[ "Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, (24 August 156128 May 1626) was a son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk by his second wife Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk, the daughter and heiress of the 1st Baron Audley of Walden.", "Early life and marriages\nAfter the death of his mother on 10 January 1564, the infant Thomas inherited Saffron Walden and other Audley properties.", "While imprisoned in the Tower before his execution in 1572, his father urged him to marry his stepsister Mary Dacre, the daughter of Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre and Elizabeth Leybourne, the Duke's third wife.", "He did so; but Mary died, childless, in April 1578 at Walden.", "In or before 1582, Howard remarried, his second wife being Katherine Knyvet, widow of Richard, son of Robert Rich, 2nd Baron Rich.", "A noted beauty, she was also the eldest daughter and heiress of her father, Sir Henry Knyvet of Charlton.", "She survived her husband, dying in 1633.", "Issue\n Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (13 August 15823 June 1640) married: Elizabeth Home, and had issue\n Elizabeth Howard (c. 158317 April 1658) married: (1) William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury, and had issue (2) Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden (some say that Elizabeth's and William's children were illegitimate)\n Sir Robert Howard (1598–1653) (1) mistress Frances Villers and had issue Robert Danvers; {2} married: Catherine Nevill\n Sir William Howard (1586before 1672)\n Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire (8 October 158716 July 1669) married: Elizabeth Cecil, and had issue\n Catherine Howard (c. 1588–1673) married: William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, and had issue\n Frances Howard (31 May 15901632) married: (1) Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex (2) Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, and had issue\n Sir Charles Howard (159121 June 1626), married Mary Fitz(john) and had issue\n Henry Howard (1592–1616), married Elizabeth Bassett and had issue.", "In September 1613 he travelled to Veere to fight a duel with the Earl of Essex, but the courtier Henry Gibb prevented the combat.", "Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick (died 24 April 1675), married Mary Boetler daughter of John Boteler and Elizabeth Villiers and had issue.", "Margaret Howard (c. 1599–1608)\n\nNaval exploits\nIn December 1584, he was restored in blood as Lord Thomas Howard.", "Lord Thomas commanded the Golden Lion in the attack on the Spanish Armada.", "On 25 July 1588, the Golden Lion was one of the three ships that counter-attacked the Spanish galleasses protecting the Saint Anne.", "He was knighted the next day aboard Ark Royal by his kinsman, Admiral Lord Howard of Effingham.", "In 1591, he was sent with a squadron to the Azores which was to waylay the Spanish treasure fleets from America.", "However, one fleet reached Spain before his arrival, and the second would not arrive in the islands until September.", "Forced by the long delay to land his sick and repair his ships, he was barely able to reballast and get to sea off Flores in time when his scouts reported an arriving fleet.", "To his horror, this proved to be, not the treasure fleet, but a powerful Spanish force dispatched from Ferrol to destroy his squadron.", "All of Howard's fleet escaped, by the barest of margins, except Revenge, commanded by the squadron's vice-admiral, Sir Richard Grenville.", "Revenge, some distance from the remainder of the fleet, attempted to break through the Castilian Squadron and was forced to surrender after a long fight, in which Revenge was virtually destroyed and Grenville mortally wounded.", "In 1596, Howard served as vice-admiral of the expedition against Cadiz, which defeated a Spanish fleet and captured the town.", "Favored by Queen Elizabeth, he was installed as a Knight of the Garter in April 1597, and in June sailed with the unsuccessful expedition to the Azores, which he had partly funded.", "Political career\nHe was seriously ill in the autumn of 1597, and was created Baron Howard de Walden by writ of summons.", "While he recovered from his illness, he was unable to attend Parliament until January 1598.", "On 2 February 1598, he was admitted an honorary member of Gray's Inn.", "In 1599, he commanded the fleet in The Downs; in that same year he became an admiral.", "He was appointed Constable of the Tower of London on 13 February 1601 after the revolt of the Earl of Essex, and was one of the commission who tried Essex and Southampton.", "Still active in privateering ventures, he never obtained significant profit from them.", "At this time, he was also sworn High Steward of Cambridge University, and would hold the post until 1614.", "(He received an MA from Cambridge in 1605.)", "A friend of Sir Robert Cecil, he became acting Lord Chamberlain at the close of 1602, and entertained the Queen at the Charterhouse, towards the end of her life in January 1603.", "Under James I, Howard immediately entered the King's favour, being appointed Lord Chamberlain on 6 April 1603 and a Privy Counsellor on 7 April.", "Later that year, on 21 July 1603, he was created Earl of Suffolk.", "He was also appointed a commissioner for creating Knights of the Bath, and from 1604 to 1618 a commissioner for the Earl Marshalcy.", "He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk in 1605, having several years earlier been made Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire.", "Suffolk accepted a gift from the Spanish ambassador negotiating the peace treaty of 1604, but his countess proved a more valuable informant and Catholic sympathiser.", "Avaricious, she accepted an annual pension of £1000 from the Spanish.", "While Suffolk was less pro-Spanish and pro-Catholic than his wife, she was felt to dominate her husband in matters of politics, a circumstance which would later bring him to grief.", "By 1605, Cecil, now Earl of Salisbury, Suffolk, the Earl of Northampton, and the Earl of Worcester were James's principal privy counsellors.", "Suffolk and Salisbury were both privy to the communications made by Lord Monteagle revealing the existence of the Gunpowder Plot, and Suffolk examined the cellar, spotting the brushwood concealing the gunpowder.", "Later that evening, the Keeper of the Palace, Sir Thomas Knyvet (Suffolk's brother-in-law) made further search, revealing the gunpowder, and the plot collapsed.", "Suffolk was one of those commissioned to investigated and try the plotters.", "Numbered by James as one of his \"trinity of knaves\" (with Salisbury and Northampton), he was nonetheless thought loyal and reliable to the King.", "By 1607, work was completed on Charlton Park, a house which is still home to his descendants.", "In December 1608, Salisbury's eldest son and heir, William married Suffolk's third daughter, Catharine.", "Salisbury, who died in 1612, praised Suffolk's friendship in his will; and upon his death, Suffolk was appointed one of the Lords of the Treasury.", "Though he disliked Sir Robert Carr, the royal favourite, Suffolk supported his daughter Frances' desire to divorce her husband, the Earl of Essex to marry him.", "She did so in December 1613, shortly after his creation as Earl of Somerset.", "On 8 July 1614, Suffolk was appointed Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, replacing his kinsman Northampton, and on 11 July 1614 was made Lord High Treasurer.", "His new son-in-law, Somerset, replaced him as Lord Chamberlain, and Suffolk and his family now dominated the court.", "In 1615, however, Suffolk's fall began.", "James had become deeply infatuated with Sir George Villiers, and Suffolk's daughter Frances, now Countess of Somerset, was implicated in the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury.", "Suffolk was accused by James of complicity with Somerset in trying to suppress investigation of the crime, but successfully weathered the storm.", "However, Suffolk then made the mistake of attempting to undermine the rising power of Villiers by grooming another handsome young man to succeed him in James's favour.", "Completely unsuccessful, this only provoked a counterattack by Villiers, now (1618) Marquess of Buckingham, upon Suffolk's conduct as Lord High Treasurer.", "Suffolk's finances were always in a perilous state.", "His early privateering and naval ventures nearly bankrupted him, despite some financial help from Queen Elizabeth.", "Under James, the situation was somewhat eased by his preferment at court, which gave him board and lodging and valuable emoluments, and the regrant of some of the sequestered estates of his father.", "Some of this he invested in land in East Anglia, and he further benefited from a series of customs farms and bequests from relatives.", "He had been forced to sell his London residence, the Charterhouse, in 1611, but this was replaced in 1614 when he inherited the Earl of Northampton's house at Charing Cross.", "Suffolk added to his own troubles by extravagant building programmes.", "Audley End House, built from 1603 to 1616, was the largest private house in England.", "He also added an expensive new wing to Charing Cross, and his wife built Charlton Park on the Knyvett estates she had inherited.", "Suffolk's children were also well provided for.", "He spent considerable sums to keep up their profile at court, and provided generous marriage portions to improve their matches.", "While this strategy was successful, it generated crushing debts for him, owing £40,000 in bonds and mortgages by 1618.", "His appointment as Lord High Treasurer in 1614 provided the opportunity to ameliorate his financial position through selling patronage and through deals with customs farmers, although it did not completely relieve his debts.", "It was also to prove the instrument of his downfall.", "Arrest and fall\nThrough the agency of Buckingham, James was made aware of Suffolk's misconduct in the Treasury, particularly allegations that Lady Suffolk harassed creditors of the crown, and extorted bribes from them before they could obtain payment.", "Suffolk was suspended from the Treasurership in July 1618.", "Early in 1619, his wife suffered an attack of smallpox which destroyed her famous beauty, and Suffolk himself pleaded ill health in an attempt to avoid trial.", "These efforts failed: in October 1619, he, his wife, and their crony Sir John Bingley, Remembrancer of the Exchequer were prosecuted on a variety of counts of corruption in the Court of Star Chamber.", "Sir Francis Bacon, the prosecutor, compared Lady Suffolk to an exchange woman keeping shop while her apprentice, Bingley, cried \"What d'ye lack?\"", "outside.", "On 13 November 1619, they were found guilty on all counts.", "A fine of £30,000 was imposed, and they were sentenced to imprisonment at the King's pleasure.", "After ten days, Suffolk and his wife were released and appealed to Buckingham to intercede for them.", "Although Suffolk further irritated James by legal manoeuvres to avoid seizure of his property, Buckingham was willing to be magnanimous to his rival now that his power had been destroyed.", "Buckingham obtained for Suffolk an audience with the King, and the fine was subsequently remitted except for £7,000.", "In 1623, Suffolk's youngest son Edward married Buckingham's niece, Mary Boteler.", "While Suffolk never again rose to high office, he was active in the Lords and served twice as a commissioner of ecclesiastical causes.", "He died at Charing Cross on 28 May 1626 and was buried on 4 June at Saffron Walden.", "References\n\n|-\n\n|-\n \n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1561 births\n1626 deaths\nAlumni of St John's College, Cambridge\nChancellors of the University of Cambridge\nThomas\n01\nThomas Howard, 01st Earl of Suffolk\nKnights of the Garter\nLord High Treasurers\nLord-Lieutenants of Cambridgeshire\nLord-Lieutenants of Dorset\nLord-Lieutenants of Suffolk\n16th-century English nobility\nHoward, Thomas\nHonourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms\nEnglish admirals\nEnglish people of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)\n17th-century English nobility" ]

[ "Margaret Audley, the daughter of the 1st Baron Audley of Walden, was the second wife of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.", "After the death of his mother on January 10, 1564, the infant Thomas was given Saffron Walden and other Audley properties.", "His father urged him to marry Mary Dacre, the stepsister of Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre and Elizabeth Leybourne, the Duke's third wife.", "Mary died childless in April 1578.", "The second wife of Howard was the widow of Robert Rich, 2nd Baron Rich.", "She was the oldest daughter and heir to the Knyvet family.", "Her husband died in 1633.", "Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, married Elizabeth Home, and had issue Edward Vaux, 4th.", "He went to fight the Earl of Essex in September of 1613, but the courtier prevented him from doing so.", "Mary Boetler was married to Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick.", "In December 1584, he was restored in blood as Lord Thomas Howard.", "The Golden Lion was commanded by Lord Thomas.", "The Golden Lion was one of three ships that fought back against the Spanish.", "He was knighted the next day by his kinsman.", "He was part of a squadron that was sent to the Azores to waylay the Spanish treasure fleets.", "The first fleet arrived in Spain before the second arrived in the islands.", "Forced by the long delay to land his sick and repair his ships, he was barely able to reballast and get to sea off Flores in time when his scouts reported an arriving fleet.", "His squadron was destroyed by a powerful Spanish force, not the treasure fleet.", "Revenge, commanded by the squadron's vice-admiral, Sir Richard Grenville, was the only one of Howard's fleet that escaped.", "Revenge, some distance from the rest of the fleet, attempted to break through the Castilian Squadron and was forced to surrender after a long fight, in which Revenge was virtually destroyed and Grenville mortally wounded.", "Howard was the vice-admiral of the expedition that captured the town of Cadiz.", "He was installed as a Knight of the Garter in April 1597 and sailed with the unsuccessful expedition to the Azores, which he partly funded.", "He was seriously ill in the autumn of 1597 and was created Baron Howard de Walden by a writ of summons.", "He was unable to attend Parliament until January 1598 after recovering from his illness.", "He was a member of Gray's Inn.", "He became an admiral in 1599, after he commanded the fleet in The Downs.", "After the revolt of the Earl of Essex, he was one of the commission who tried him.", "He never got significant profit from his privateering ventures.", "He held the post of High Steward of Cambridge University until 1614.", "He received an MA from Cambridge in 1605.", "He entertained the Queen at the Charterhouse at the end of her life in January 1603.", "Howard was appointed Lord Chamberlain and a Privy Counsellor under James I.", "The Earl of Suffolk was created in July of 1603.", "He was a commissioner for the Earl marshalcy from 1604 to 1618.", "He was made Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire several years before he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk.", "Suffolk accepted a gift from the Spanish ambassador, but his countess was more valuable to the Catholic Church.", "She accepted an annual pension from the Spanish.", "While Suffolk was less pro-Spanish and pro-Catholic than his wife, she was felt to dominate her husband in matters of politics, a circumstance which would bring him to grief.", "The Earl of Salisbury, the Earl of Suffolk, the Earl of Northampton, and the Earl of Worcester were James's principal privy counsellors by 1605.", "The Gunpowder Plot was revealed by Lord Monteagle in communications made to Suffolk and Salisbury.", "The plot collapsed after the Keeper of the Palace, Sir Thomas Knyvet, revealed the gunpowder.", "Suffolk was commissioned to investigate and try the plotters.", "He was thought to be loyal and reliable to the King despite being number one by James.", "His descendants still live in the house which was completed in 1607.", "William married Suffolk's third daughter, Catharine, in December 1608.", "Salisbury praised Suffolk's friendship in his will, and after his death, Suffolk was appointed one of the Lords of the Treasury.", "Suffolk supported his daughter's desire to divorce her husband to marry him because he disliked Sir Robert Carr.", "She did it in December of 1613.", "On 8 July 1614, Suffolk was appointed Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, replacing his kinsman Northampton, and on 11 July 1614 he was made Lord High Treasurer.", "Suffolk and his family dominated the court after his new son-in-law replaced him.", "Suffolk's fall began in 1615.", "Suffolk's daughter was implicated in the poisoning of Sir Thomas Overbury because she was close to James.", "James accused Suffolk of being involved in trying to suppress the investigation of the crime.", "Suffolk made a mistake by grooming another handsome young man to succeed him in James's favor.", "This was completely unsuccessful and only provoked a counteroffensive by the Marquess of Buckingham.", "Suffolk's finances were always in bad shape.", "Despite some financial help from Queen Elizabeth, his early privateering and naval ventures nearly bankrupted him.", "The situation was somewhat alleviated by his preferment at court, which gave him board and lodging and valuable emoluments, and the regrant of some of the sequestered estates of his father.", "He was able to benefit from a series of customs farms and bequests from his relatives.", "In 1611 he was forced to sell his London residence, the Charterhouse, but in 1614 he took over the Earl of Northampton's house at Charing Cross.", "Suffolk's troubles were worsened by extravagant building programmes.", "Audley End House was the largest private house in England.", "He added a new wing to Charing Cross and his wife built a park on the Knyvett estates.", "Suffolk's children were well taken care of.", "He provided generous marriage portions to improve their matches, and spent considerable sums to keep up their profile at court.", "He had debts of £40,000 in bonds and mortgages by 1618.", "His appointment as Lord High Treasurer in 1614 gave him the opportunity to improve his financial position through selling patronage and deals with customs farmers, but it did not completely relieve his debts.", "It was to prove his downfall.", "Through the agency of Buckingham, James was made aware of Suffolk's misdeeds in the Treasury, particularly allegations that Lady Suffolk extorted bribes from them before they could obtain payment.", "The treasurership was suspended from Suffolk in July 1618.", "Suffolk pleaded ill health in an attempt to avoid trial after his wife was attacked by the disease.", "In October 1619, he, his wife, and their crony Sir John Bingley were prosecuted on a variety of counts of corruption in the Court of Star Chamber.", "Lady Suffolk was compared to an exchange woman by the prosecutor.", "Outside.", "They were found guilty on all counts.", "They were fined and sentenced to imprisonment at the King's pleasure.", "Suffolk and his wife were released after ten days and appealed to Buckingham to help them.", "Buckingham was willing to be magnanimous to his rival now that his power had been destroyed.", "Buckingham received an audience with the King in Suffolk, and the fine was subsequently reduced.", "Edward Buckingham married Mary Boteler in 1623.", "Suffolk served as a commissioner of ecclesiastical causes twice, but never rose to high office.", "He died at Charing Cross on May 28, 1626 and was buried on June 4.", "External links 1561 births 1626 deaths Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge Chancellors of the University of Cambridge." ]

[ "Thomas Howard", "Thomas Howard", "Thomas", "Thomas Dacre", "Thomas Howard", "Thomas Howard", "Thomas", "Thomas Knyvet", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Thomas Overbury", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Thomas Howard" ]

[ "Thomas Howard", "Thomas", "Thomas Dacre", "Thomas Howard", "Thomas", "Earl", "Thomas Knyvet", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Thomas Overbury", "Suffolk", "Suffolk", "Suffolk" ]

[ "Mpho' Gift Ngoepe (mm-POH, n-GO-pay; born 18 January 1990) is a South African professional baseball shortstop and second baseman for the Québec Capitales of the Frontier League.", "He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Toronto Blue Jays.", "In 2017, he became the first native of continental Africa to reach the Major Leagues.", "Professional career\n\nPittsburgh Pirates\nA native of Randburg, Ngoepe became the first black South African, and the sixth South African to sign a professional baseball contract when he signed in October 2008.", "When Ngoepe was growing up, his mother was a clubhouse attendant for the Randburg Mets, and they lived in one of the clubhouse rooms.", "He was invited to Major League Baseball's academy in Tirrenia, Italy, where the Pirates signed him.", "In 2009, Ngoepe played for the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League Pirates, and batted .238/.341/.281 with one home run, nine runs batted in (RBI), and 13 stolen bases in 47 games.", "He was a member of the South Africa national baseball team at the 2009 World Baseball Classic.", "At the 2009 WBC, he hit consecutive triples off of Mexico's Elmer Dessens in a 14–3 loss to Mexico.", "On 10 August 2009, Sports Illustrated published an article on Ngoepe titled \"A Gift From Africa\" which covered how he started his baseball career, his upbringing, and time with the Pirates since moving from South Africa.", "In 2010, he played 64 games with the Short Season-A State College Spikes and two with the Advanced-A Bradenton Marauders, batting a combined .206/.316/.318 with one home run, 20 RBI, and 11 stolen bases.", "Ngoepe played only 27 games in 2011 due to a hamate injury.", "He batted .297/.354/.440 with two home runs and five RBI before the injury.", "Ngoepe played the entire 2012 season with Bradenton, and in a then career-high 124 games played he hit .232/.330/.338 with nine home runs and 36 RBI and a career-high 22 stolen bases.", "He also played 16 games for the Scottsdale Scorpions of the Arizona Fall League.", "In 2013, he again began the season with Bradenton, playing 28 games and batting .292/.424/.427 before being promoted to the Double-A Altoona Curve, where he played 72 games.", "In Altoona, Ngeope batted .177/.278/.282 with three home runs, 16 RBI, and 10 stolen bases.", "He made his second trip to the Arizona Fall League at the end of the season, playing 17 games for Scottsdale.", "In 2014, Ngeope set career-highs in games played and RBI, playing 131 games with Altoona and batting .238/.319/.380 with nine home runs, 52 RBI, and 13 stolen bases.", "He was invited to 2015 spring training by the Pirates on 9 January 2015.", "He played for the Indianapolis Indians of the Triple-A International League in 2016.", "On 26 April 2017, the Pirates promoted Ngoepe to the major leagues from Indianapolis; this was widely reported as making him the first African-born player in MLB history.", "Indeed, he was the first continental African (and the first player from an African nation) to reach the Major Leagues.", "Some point out that Canary Islands-born Al Cabrera played for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1913.", "While the Canary Islands are part of Spain and have been since before Cabrera played in the Major Leagues, the archipelago is located off the coast of northwestern Africa.", "Regardless, Ngoepe made his Major League debut that day, and recorded his first career hit, a single off Cubs' starting pitcher Jon Lester.", "Because of time zone differences, Ngoepe's MLB debut fell on the early morning of 27 April in South Africa, observed in that country as Freedom Day, memorializing the 1994 election that was the first in which the country's black population was allowed to vote.", "In 2017 with Pittsburgh he batted .222/.323/.296.", "Toronto Blue Jays\nOn 20 November 2017, Ngoepe was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays for cash considerations or a player to be named later.", "He earned a spot on the active roster to begin the season, and was optioned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons on 20 April, with whom he batted .168/.304/.252.", "With Toronto he had one hit in 19 at bats.", "He was designated for assignment on 3 May 2018.", "Ngoepe was released from the organization on 13 August 2018.", "Sydney Blue Sox\nOn 30 August 2018, Ngoepe signed with the Sydney Blue Sox of the Australian Baseball League (a winter league) for the 2018/19 season.", "He batted .357/.451/.700.", "Philadelphia Phillies\nOn 11 January 2019, Ngoepe signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies.", "He played for the Class AAA Lehigh Valley IronPigs, and batted .221/.296/.410 with 5 home runs and 21 RBIs in 122 at bats, playing second base, third base, and shortstop.", "He was released on 20 June 2019.", "Second stint with Pittsburgh Pirates\nOn 29 June 2019, Ngoepe signed a minor league contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates and was assigned to the Double-A Altoona Curve.", "He batted .100/.289/.100 in 30 at bats.", "He was released on 30 July 2019.", "Lancaster Barnstormers\nOn 6 August 2019, Ngoepe signed with the Lancaster Barnstormers of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.", "He batted .289/.317/.632 with three home runs and seven RBIs for them in 38 at bats, playing seven games at shortstop and four games at second base.", "Second stint with Sydney Blue Sox\nNgoepe returned to the Sydney Blue Sox of the Australian Baseball League for the 2019/20 season.", "Québec Capitales\nOn March 30, 2021, Ngoepe signed with the Québec Capitales of the Frontier League.", "Personal life\nNgoepe's younger brother, Victor, plays in the Pirates organization.", "References\n\nExternal links\n\n1990 births\nLiving people\nAltoona Curve players\nBradenton Marauders players\nBuffalo Bisons (minor league) players\nSouth African expatriate baseball players in Australia\nExpatriate baseball players in Canada\nGulf Coast Pirates players\nIndianapolis Indians players\nLancaster Barnstormers players\nLehigh Valley IronPigs players\nMajor League Baseball players from South Africa\nMajor League Baseball second basemen\nMajor League Baseball shortstops\nMajor League Baseball third basemen\nPeople from Polokwane\nPeople from Randburg\nPittsburgh Pirates players\nScottsdale Scorpions players\nSouth African expatriate baseball players in the United States\nSouth African expatriate sportspeople in Canada\nSouth African Sotho people\nSportspeople from Johannesburg\nState College Spikes players\nSydney Blue Sox players\nToronto Blue Jays players\nWest Virginia Black Bears players\nWest Virginia Power players\n2009 World Baseball Classic players\nSportspeople from Limpopo" ]

[ "Mpho' Gift Ngoepe is a South African professional baseball player who plays for the Québec Capitales of the Frontier League.", "He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Toronto Blue Jays in the MLB.", "He was the first native of continental Africa to play in the Major Leagues.", "He became the first black South African and the sixth South African to sign a professional baseball contract when he joined the Pittsburgh Pirates.", "When his mother worked for the Mets, she lived in one of the rooms in the locker room.", "He was signed by the Pirates and invited to Major League Baseball's academy in Italy.", "He played for the Gulf Coast League Pirates in 2009, batting.235/.341/.281 with one home run, nine runs, and 13 stolen bases in 47 games.", "He was a member of the South Africa national baseball team.", "He hit two triples in a 14–3 loss to Mexico at the 2009 World Baseball Classic.", "An article titled \"A Gift From Africa\" was published on 10 August 2009, which covered how he started his baseball career, his upbringing, and time with the Pirates since moving from South Africa.", "In 2010, he played 64 games with the Short Season-A State College Spikes and two with the Advanced-A Bradenton Marauders, batting a combined.206/.316/.318 with one home run, 20 RBI, and 11 stolen bases.", "A hamate injury limited him to 27 games in 2011.", "He had two home runs and fiveRBI before the injury.", "He hit.232/.330/.338 with nine home runs and a career-high 22 stolen bases in 124 games for the Pirates in the 2012 season.", "He played in the Arizona Fall League for 16 games.", "He was promoted to the Double-A Altoona Curve in the middle of the season and played 72 games.", "Ngeope was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "He played 17 games for Scottsdale in the Arizona Fall League.", "Ngeope set career-highs in games played and stolen bases in 2014, playing 131 games with Altoona and batting.238/.319/.380 with nine home runs, 52RBI, and 13 stolen bases.", "The Pirates invited him to their spring training in January of 2015.", "He played for the Indianapolis Indians in the International League.", "The first African-born player in MLB history was reported to have been promoted by the Pirates to the major leagues.", "He was the first African to play in the Major Leagues.", "The Canary Islands-born Al Cabrera played for the St. LouisCardinals in 1913.", "While the Canary Islands are part of Spain, they are located off the coast of northwestern Africa.", "He recorded his first career hit on his Major League debut, a single off Cubs' starting pitcher Jon Lester.", "The 1994 election that was the first in which the country's black population was allowed to vote was observed in South Africa as Freedom Day.", "He had a batting average of.222/.323/.289 with Pittsburgh.", "The Toronto Blue Jays traded Ngoepe to them for cash considerations or a player to be named later.", "He was optioned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons on April 20th, after batting.168/.302/.252 for the season.", "He had one hit in 19 at bats.", "He was assigned to work on 3 May.", "The person was released from the organization on August 13th.", "On August 30 of last year, Ngoepe signed with the Sydney Blue Sox of the Australian Baseball League.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "Ngoepe signed a minor league contract with Philadelphia.", "He played in 122 games for the IronPigs, batting.235 with 5 home runs and 21 runs scored.", "He was released on June 20, 2019.", "After signing a minor league contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates, Ngoepe was assigned to the Double-A Altoona Curve.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "He was released in July of 2019.", "The Lancaster Barnstormers are in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "The second stint with the Blue Sox was in the Australian Baseball League.", "On March 30, 2021, Ngoepe signed with the Québec Capitales of the Frontier League.", "The Pirates organization has a younger brother, Victor.", "There are links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to links to" ]

[ "' Gift Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe", "Ngoepe" ]

[ "' Gift Ngoepe" ]

[ "Levi Stubbs (born Levi Stubbles, June 6, 1936 – October 17, 2008) was an American baritone singer, best known as the lead vocalist of the R&B group the Four Tops, who released a variety of Motown hit records during the 1960s and 1970s.", "He has been noted for his powerful, emotional, dramatic style of singing.", "Stubbs was also a voice artist in film and television, and provided the voice of \"Audrey II\", the alien plant in the 1986 musical horror comedy film Little Shop of Horrors (an adaption of the stage musical of the same name), as well as Mother Brain in the 1989 TV series Captain N: The Game Master.", "Stubbs was admired by his peers for his impressive vocal range, and influenced many later pop and soul artists, such as Daryl Hall of Hall and Oates.", "Stubbs was born and spent much of his life in Detroit, Michigan.", "He had five children with his wife Clineice Stubbs, to whom he was married for almost 50 years.", "His last performance was at the Four Tops' \"50th Anniversary Concert\" on July 28, 2004, at the Detroit Opera House.", "Early life and music career\n\nBorn in 1936 in Detroit, Stubbs had a brother, Joe, who later became a member of 100 Proof (Aged in Soul), The Falcons, The Contours and The Originals.", "His cousin was Jackie Wilson.", "Stubbs attended Detroit Pershing High School, where he met Abdul \"Duke\" Fakir.", "He began his professional singing career with friends Fakir, Renaldo \"Obie\" Benson and Lawrence Payton, forming a singing group called the Four Aims in 1954.", "Two years later, after signing with Chess Records, the group changed their name to the Four Tops.", "The name change was meant to avoid confusion with the then-popular Ames Brothers.", "The Four Tops began as a supper-club act before signing to Motown Records in 1963.", "By the end of the decade, they had over a dozen hits.", "The most popular of their hits (all of which featured Stubbs on lead vocals) include \"Ask the Lonely\", \"Baby I Need Your Loving\", \"I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)\", \"It's the Same Old Song\", \"I'll Turn to Stone\", \"Reach Out I'll Be There\", \"Standing in the Shadows of Love\", \"Bernadette\", \"Still Water (Love)\", \"Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got)\", as well as the late hit \"Loco In Acapulco\".", "Although Stubbs was a natural baritone, most Four Tops' hits were written in a tenor range to give the lead vocals a sense of urgency.", "Despite being the most prominent member of the group, Stubbs refused to have separate billing (in contrast to other Motown acts such as Smokey Robinson and the Miracles and Diana Ross and the Supremes), and he also turned down several offers for a solo career, out of loyalty to his bandmates.", "Stubbs and the other Tops remained a team until Lawrence Payton died in 1997, at which point Theo Peoples took his place.", "The Four Tops were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2013.", "They have sold over 50 million records worldwide.", "During the band's long career it was signed to the Motown, ABC Dunhill, Arista and Casablanca record labels, and Stubbs' vocals influenced many later pop and soul artists, such as Daryl Hall of Hall and Oates.", "Hall has remarked that Stubbs' \"unique\" style rendered the Four Tops' material \"timeless\".", "Other musical peers expressing admiration for the Four Tops' work include Lonnie Jordan of War and Smokey Robinson of The Miracles, among many others.", "In 2000, Theo Peoples replaced Stubbs as lead singer after Stubbs suffered a stroke, with Ronnie McNeir taking the place that Lawrence Payton originally held.", "Renaldo Benson died on July 1, 2005, leaving Duke Fakir as the only surviving member of the Four Tops' original lineup.", "Stubb's final performance with the Four Tops was at the group's \"50th Anniversary Concert\" on July 28, 2004 at the Detroit Opera House.", "Voice acting\nStubbs provided the voice of the carnivorous plant Audrey II in the 1986 movie version of the musical Little Shop of Horrors, where he sang the Oscar-nominated, \"Mean Green Mother from Outer Space.\"", "He also was the voice of Mother Brain in the animated TV series Captain N: The Game Master (1989).", "Stubbs also guest-starred in a number of TV shows as himself.", "Berry Gordy offered him the role of Louis McKay in the 1972 film Lady Sings the Blues, which would have starred him opposite Diana Ross as Billie Holiday.", "Stubbs turned the role down, however, once again not wishing to overshadow the other members of the Four Tops.", "Reputation \nStubbs has been regarded by some as one of the quintessential male soul singers.", "According to AllMusic's Ed Hogan, the vocalist had a \"pleading urgency in his voice that perfectly captured the longing anxiousness of the songs written by the producing trio of Holland-Dozier-Holland\".", "War band member Lonnie Jordan later told Billboard.com he felt \"blessed\" to meet Stubbs, and thought that the Four Tops singer's \"voice was so good he was just, like, from another planet.\"", "Personal life\nLevi Stubbs and his wife Clineice were married (for 48 years) from 1960 until his death in 2008.", "The couple had five children along with 11 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren.", "Death\nStubbs was diagnosed with cancer in 1995, and after suffering a stroke in 2000, he was no longer able to tour with the Four Tops.", "He died in his sleep on October 17, 2008, at his home in Detroit.", "A memorial service for Stubbs was held at the Greater Grace Temple in Detroit on October 27.", "Many of Stubbs' friends from the music industry attended including Berry Gordy, Martha Reeves, Brian Holland, Ali-Ollie Woodson and Dennis Edwards.", "Detroit City Council member JoAnn Watson, along with Martha Reeves, presented a resolution naming Stubbs' birthday \"Levi Stubbs Day\" in Detroit.", "Stubbs is interred at Detroit's historic Woodlawn Cemetery.", "Cultural references\nStubbs features in Billy Bragg's 1986 song \"Levi Stubbs' Tears\", about a woman whose Four Tops cassette brings her comfort through difficult times.", "The chorus goes:\n\nWhen the world falls apart, some things stay in place\nLevi Stubbs' tears run down his face.", "Filmography\n\nFilm\n\nTelevision\n\nSoundtrack\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nLevi Stubbs interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' October 1992\n\nObituary in Los Angeles Times\nObituary in The New York Times\nObituary on NPR Music\n\n1936 births\n2008 deaths\nAfrican-American male actors\nAmerican baritones\nAmerican male film actors\nAmerican male television actors\nAmerican male voice actors\nAmerican soul singers\nBurials in Michigan\nDeaths from cancer in Michigan\nMale actors from Detroit\nMotown artists\nFour Tops members\nThe Midnighters members\nBurials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Detroit, Michigan)\nAmerican rhythm and blues singers\nSingers from Detroit\n20th-century American male actors\nPershing High School alumni\n20th-century African-American male singers\n21st-century African-American male singers" ]

[ "The lead vocalist of the R&B group the Four Tops, Levi Stubbles was born in 1936 and died in 2008.", "He has a powerful, emotional, dramatic style of singing.", "He provided the voice of \"Audrey II\", the alien plant in the 1986 musical horror comedy film Little Shop of Horrors, as well as Mother Brain in the 1989 TV series Captain.", "He was admired by his peers for his impressive vocal range, and influenced many later pop and soul artists.", "He spent most of his life in Detroit.", "He had five children with his wife.", "On July 28, 2004, he performed at the Detroit Opera House for the \"50th Anniversary Concert\" of the Four Tops.", "His brother, Joe, later became a member of 100 Proof (Aged in Soul), The Falcons, and The Contours.", "His cousin was a woman.", "Abdul \"Duke\" Fakir was a student at Detroit Pershing High School.", "He formed a singing group called the Four Aims with friends Fakir, Obie, and Lawrence.", "After signing with Chess Records, the group changed their name to the Four Tops.", "The name change was done to avoid confusion with the Ames Brothers.", "The Four Tops began as a supper club act.", "They had over a dozen hits by the end of the decade.", "\"Ask the Lonely\", \"Baby I Need Your Loving\", \"I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)\", and \"It's the Same Old Song\" are the most popular of their hits.", "Most of the Four Tops' hits were written in the tenor range to give the lead vocals a sense of urgency.", "Despite being the most prominent member of the group, Stubbs refused to have separate billing, and he also turned down several offers for a solo career, out of loyalty to his bandmates.", "Theo Peoples became the new leader of the Tops in 1997 after Lawrence Payton died.", "The Four Tops were both in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame.", "They have sold over 50 million records.", "It was signed to a number of record labels during the band's long career, and its vocals influenced many later pop and soul artists.", "The Four Tops' material was \"timeless\" according to Hall.", "The Four Tops' work is admired by many people, among them, Lonnie Jordan of War and Smokey Robinson of The Miracles.", "In 2000, Theo Peoples took over the lead singer position from Lawrence Payton after he suffered a stroke.", "Duke Fakir is the only surviving member of the original Four Tops lineup.", "Stubb's last performance with the Four Tops was at the Detroit Opera House on July 28, 2004.", "In the 1986 movie version of the musical Little Shop of Horrors, he provided the voice of the plantAudrey II, which was nominated for an Oscar.", "He was the voice of Mother Brain in Captain N: The Game Master.", "He played himself in a number of TV shows.", "Diana Ross would have been his co-star in the 1972 film Lady Sings the Blues, which was offered to him by Berry Gordy.", "The role was turned down once again because he didn't want to overshadow the other members of the Four Tops.", "One of the quintessential male soul singers is Reputation Stubbs.", "According to AllMusic's Ed Hogan, the vocalist had a \"pleading urgency in his voice that perfectly captured the longing anxiousness of the songs written by the producing trio of Holland-Dozier-Holland\".", "The member of the War band thought that the Four Tops singer's voice was so good he was from another planet.", "Levi and his wife Clineice were married for 48 years before he died.", "There were five children along with 11 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren.", "After being diagnosed with cancer in 1995 and having a stroke in 2000 he was no longer able to tour with the Four Tops.", "He died in his sleep on October 17, 2008.", "The Greater Grace Temple in Detroit hosted a memorial service for Stubbs.", "Many of the music industry's friends attended, including Berry Gordy.", "A resolution was presented to the Detroit City Council by JoAnn and Martha.", "There is a historic cemetery in Detroit.", "Billy Bragg wrote a song about a woman whose Four Tops cassette brings her comfort through difficult times.", "When the world falls apart, some things stay in place.", "Music 1936 births 2008 deaths African-American male actors American baritones American male film actors American male" ]

[ "Levi Stubbs", "Levi Stubbles", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Clineice Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Levi Stubbs", "Death Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Stubbs", "Levi St", "Levi Stubbs", "Levi Stubbs" ]

[ "Levi Stubbles", "Stubbs", "Levi", "Stubbs" ]

[ "Natalia Snegur-Gherman (born 20 March 1969) is a Moldovan politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration and Deputy Prime Minister of Moldova from May 2013 to January 2016.", "Special Representative of the UN Secretary General for Central Asia (UNRCCA) since 2017.", "Born in Chișinău in 1969, she is the daughter of Mircea Snegur, the first President of Moldova.", "She studied at the Moldova State University and completed postgraduate studies at King's College London.", "She joined the Moldovan diplomatic service, working in several different places before eventually becoming Ambassador to Austria and Permanent Representative to the OSCE from 2002 to 2006, and Ambassador to Sweden, Norway and Finland from 2006 to 2009.", "In 2009, she became Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration and Chief Negotiator on the Moldova–European Union Association Agreement, serving until 2013.", "In 2013 she became Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration and Deputy Prime Minister of Moldova, serving until January 2016.", "From June to July 2015, following Chiril Gaburici's resignation, she served as the acting Prime Minister of Moldova.", "In February 2016, she was nominated as Moldova's candidate for Secretary-General of the United Nations in the 2016 selection process for Ban Ki-moon's successor.", "Early life and education \nGherman was born in 1969 in Chișinău, then part of the Soviet Union but now part of independent Moldova.", "She is the daughter of Mircea Snegur, who served as the first President of Moldova from 1991 to 1997, and Georgeta Snegur.", "For her undergraduate education, she received a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree from the Moldova State University.", "In 1999, she completed a Master of Arts (MA) postgraduate degree in war studies at King's College London.", "Diplomatic career \nShe began working in the Moldovan diplomatic service in 1991, as the Second and then First Secretary at the Department of International Organizations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.", "From 1994 to 1997, she served as Counsellor and Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN Agencies in Vienna and the OSCE.", "From 1997 to 2001, she was Deputy Head of the Department of European Security and Political-Military Affairs at the Moldovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs.", "From 2001 to 2002, she was a Minister-Counsellor at the Moldovan Embassy in Brussels, as well as Deputy Head of the Mission of Moldova to NATO.", "In 2002, she became the Moldovan Ambassador to Austria and Permanent Representative to the OSCE and the UN Agencies in Vienna.", "In this role, she was a \"prominent contributor to the efforts of the [OSCE] in identifying solutions to the unresolved conflicts in the OSCE area\" and also mobilized \"the potential of the OSCE community towards the settlement of the Transnistria conflict in the Republic of Moldova.\"", "In 2006, she left Brussels for Stockholm, becoming the Moldovan Ambassador to Sweden, Norway and Finland.", "For her \"merits in promoting relations between Sweden and Moldova\", Gherman was awarded the Order of the Polar Star at the rank of Commander 1st Class.", "She left this role in 2009, upon her appointment as a Deputy Minister.", "In September 2017, she was appointed Special Representative and Head of the UN Regional Center for Preventive Diplomacy in Central Asia with headquarters in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.", "Political career \nOn 29 June 2009, she was appointed as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, to then-Minister Andrei Stratan.", "In November 2009, she was appointed as the Chief Negotiator in the talks with the European Union over the Moldova–European Union Association Agreement.", "She also assisted in the talks that led to the liberalization of the visa requirements for Moldovans travelling to the EU.", "As Deputy Prime Minister, Iurie Roșca supported Gherman.", "In a conversation with the US Ambassador, that was later revealed in a US diplomatic cable leaked by WikiLeaks, the conversation was described: \"Rosca expressed his hope that Foreign Minister Andrei Stratan, whom he described as a friend, would not continue in the job, and said that he was trying to help Natalia Gherman, daughter of Moldova's first President Mircea Snegur, to get the job.\"", "On 30 May 2013, she was appointed as the full Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, whilst concurrently being appointed to the role of Deputy Prime Minister of Moldova.", "She was also responsible for chairing the National Committee for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings.", "In this role, she participated in the Global Forum on Migration and Development and contributed to the 'High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development'.", "In 2014, The Guardian chose her as one of \"Seven women to watch in global politics who are leading change all over the world.\"", "They claimed that \"she could well be a future prime minister or president.\"", "Also in 2014, she was awarded Moldova's highest national honour, the Order of the Republic.", "In the November 2014 election, Gherman was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP), and became a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Policy and European Integration.", "Following Chiril Gaburici's resignation as Prime Minister of Moldova on 22 June 2015, Gherman took over in an interim capacity.", "She served until 30 July 2015, when Valeriu Streleț became Prime Minister, and she resumed her previous roles in the Streleț Cabinet.", "On 20 January 2016, she was succeeded in the roles of Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration and Deputy Prime Minister by Andrei Galbur.", "United Nations Secretary-General selection\n\nOn 18 February 2016, Gherman was officially nominated by Vlad Lupan, the Moldovan Permanent Representative to the UN, as the Moldovan candidate for Secretary-General of the United Nations in the 2016 selection process.", "On 19 February, this nomination was made public by the President of the General Assembly.", "It has been argued that \"The long-running friction between Moldova and Russia over the breakaway region of Transnistria could mean she is blocked by Moscow.\"", "Gherman took part in an informal dialogue at the United Nations General Assembly on 13 April 2016, where she claimed the \"United Nations has never been so necessary.\"", "In total, she spoke for over two hours, in what the campaign group 1 for 7 Billion called a \"historic breakthrough and the additional transparency and scrutiny that comes with it.\"", "As part of her campaign to become Secretary-General, she has spoken at events or in interviews at the International Peace Institute, Royal United Services Institute, Kennan Institute, London School of Economics and King's College London.", "As a candidate, she is also supported by the Campaign to Elect a Woman UN Secretary-General.", "On the topic of sexual exploitation and abuse by UN peacekeepers, Gherman was asked multiple times about this problem during the United Nations informal dialogues.", "She stated that the report given by the panel that oversees peacekeeping should be closely reviewed and analyzed.", "She also stated that member states need to ensure the immediate persecution of peacekeepers who commit such crimes, as their actions tarnish the UN's image.", "As for the victims of peacekeepers' abuse, Gherman believes we should work together to ensure that victims overcome this horrible experience and begin living a normal live.", "She was also questioned about peacekeeper SEA at an International Peace Institute dialogue.", "Gherman said that their actions were \"deplorable and unacceptable\" for it \"undermines the trust of the people being helped in the organization and the trust of member states.\"", "She also said that member states needed to ensure that troops are well trained and held responsible in the case of abuse.", "Awards \n\n Order of the Republic (2014)\n Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Polar Star (2010, Sweden)\n Jubilee Medal \"25 Years of Neutrality of Turkmenistan\" (2020, Turkmenistan)\n\nReferences\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n1969 births\nLiving people\nAlumni of King's College London\nAmbassadors of Moldova to Austria\nAmbassadors of Moldova to Finland\nAmbassadors of Moldova to Norway\nAmbassadors of Moldova to Sweden\nChildren of national leaders\nFemale foreign ministers\nWomen government ministers of Moldova\nDiplomats from Chișinău\nMoldova State University alumni\nPrime Ministers of Moldova\nWomen prime ministers\nWomen philologists\nMoldovan philologists\nMoldovan women diplomats\n21st-century women politicians\nMoldovan women ambassadors" ]

[ "Natalia Snegur-Gherman was the Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration and the deputy Prime Minister of Moldova.", "The UN Secretary General for Central Asia has a special representative.", "She is the daughter of Mircea Snegur, the first President of Moldova.", "She completed her postgraduate studies at King's College London.", "From 2002 to 2006 she was Ambassador to Austria and Permanent Representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.", "She was the Chief Negotiator on the Moldova–European Union Association Agreement and the deputy minister of foreign affairs and European integration.", "She was the Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration and the Prime Minister ofMoldova.", "She was the acting Prime Minister after Chiril Gaburici resigned.", "In February 2016 she was nominated for Secretary-General of the United Nations byMoldova.", "Gherman was born in 1969 in Chiinu, part of the Soviet Union but now part of independent Moldova.", "Georgeta Snegur was the daughter of Mircea Snegur, who served as the first President of Moldova from 1991 to 1997.", "She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Moldova State University.", "She received a postgraduate degree in war studies from King's College London in 1999.", "She began her diplomatic career in 1991 as the Second and First Secretary at the Department of International Organizations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.", "She was the UN Agencies in Vienna's deputy permanent representative from 1994 to 1997.", "From 1997 to 2001 she was the deputy head of the Department of European Security and Political-Military Affairs.", "She was a Minister-Counsellor at the Moldovan Embassy in NATO from 2001 to 2002.", "She became the Ambassador to Austria and Permanent Representative to the UN Agencies in Vienna in 2002.", "She was a \"prominent contributor to the efforts of the OSCE in identifying solutions to the unresolved conflicts in the area and also mobilized the potential of the community towards the settlement of the Transnistria conflict in the Republic of Moldova.\"", "In 2006 she became the Moldovan Ambassador to Sweden.", "She was awarded the Order of the Polar Star at the rank of Commander 1st Class.", "She left this role when she became a deputy minister.", "She was appointed Special Representative and Head of the UN Regional Center for Preventive Diplomacy in Central Asia.", "She was appointed as the deputy minister of foreign affairs and European integration on June 29, 2009.", "She was appointed as the Chief Negotiator for the talks with the European Union in November 2009.", "She was involved in the talks that led to the removal of visa requirements for Moldovans travelling to the EU.", "Iurie Roca was the deputy prime minister.", "In a conversation with the US Ambassador, that was later revealed in a US diplomatic cable, the man expressed his hope that the Foreign Minister wouldn't continue in the job.", "She was appointed as the full Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration on 30 May and as the deputy prime minister on the same day.", "The National Committee for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings was chaired by her.", "She contributed to the 'High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development' and participated in the Global Forum on Migration and Development.", "She was one of seven women to watch in global politics who are leading change all over the world.", "She could be a future prime minister or president according to them.", "She was awarded the Order of the Republic.", "Gherman became a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Policy and European Integration after he was elected as a Member of Parliament.", "On June 22, 2015, Chiril Gaburici resigned as Prime Minister of Moldova.", "She returned to her previous roles in the Strele Cabinet after Valeriu Strele became Prime Minister.", "She was made Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration on January 20, 2016 by Andrei Galbur.", "The Moldovan Permanent Representative to the UN nominated Gherman for Secretary-General of the United Nations in the 2016 selection process.", "The President of the General Assembly made the nomination public.", "It has been argued that there is a chance that she is blocked by Moscow.", "At the United Nations General Assembly on 13 April 2016 she claimed that the United Nations has never been so necessary.", "In total, she spoke for over two hours, in what the campaign group 1 for 7 Billion called a \"historic breakthrough and the additional transparency and scrutiny that comes with it.\"", "She spoke at events and in interviews as part of her campaign to become Secretary-General.", "She is supported by the Campaign to Elect a Woman UN Secretary-General.", "During the United Nations informal dialogues, Gherman was asked about the problem of sexual exploitation and abuse by UN peacekeepers.", "She stated that the report given by the panel should be analyzed.", "She stated that member states need to ensure that the UN's image is not damaged by the actions of peacekeepers who commit crimes.", "Gherman believes that we should work together to ensure that the victims of the abuse are able to live a normal life.", "At an International Peace Institute dialogue, she was questioned about peacekeeper SEA.", "Their actions undermined the trust of the people being helped in the organization and the trust of member states.", "She said that member states needed to make sure that troops are well trained and held responsible in the case of abuse.", "The Order of the Republic was given to the Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Polar Star." ]

[ "Natalia Snegur Gherman", "Gherman", "Gherman", "Natalia Gherman", "Gherman", "Gherman", "Gherman" ]

[ "Natalia Snegur Gherman", "Gherman", "Gherman" ]

[ "David Randall Silveria (born September 21, 1972) is an American drummer, best known as the original drummer for nu metal band Korn from 1993 until leaving the band in 2006.", "He then became the drummer for Infinika, which was formed in 2012 and disbanded in 2015.", "As of 2019, Silveria is the drummer of a band called Breaking in a Sequence (B.I.A.S).", "Biography\n\n1993 to 2006: Korn\n\nBorn in San Leandro, California, Silveria was raised in Bakersfield.", "He was one of the original five members of the nu metal band Korn, alongside Brian \"Head\" Welch, James \"Munky\" Shaffer, Reginald \"Fieldy\" Arvizu, and Jonathan Davis.", "Korn proceeded to popularize the nu metal subgenre in the music industry, selling over 40 million albums worldwide.", "Silveria sat out a part of the \"Sick and Twisted 2000\" and \"Summer Sanitarium\" tours due to injury, with Mike Bordin from Faith No More filling in on drums.", "Silveria then returned for the album recording of Untouchables, Silveria's own explanation for the issue was that he \"hits too fucking hard\".", "On December 13, 2006, after the tour in support of See You on the Other Side, it was announced that Silveria would be going on hiatus, and Jonathan Davis later said Silveria would \"probably not\" appear on their next album.", "In 2009, after working with several different temporary drummers, Ray Luzier was announced as the official replacement.", "2006 to 2012: Leaving Korn and hiatus\nFor the first time in three years Silveria appeared promoting Lil' Kim in Dancing with the Stars, he also introduced himself as \"David Silveria from Korn\".", "In May 2010, he appeared as a model for Remetee clothing.", "Comments on Korn since leaving\nSince January 2012, Silveria has become vocal about his time in Korn, and has often spoken negatively about the band, its members and in some cases its outspoken fans, during conversations on Korn fansite Kornspace.com.", "Although he maintains no relationship with his former bandmates, he has stated that he has no hard feelings towards guitarist James Shaffer.", "However, Silveria has spoken less fondly of singer Jonathan Davis and bassist Reginald Arvizu, such as calling Arvizu a \"cowardly little bitch\".", "Silveria states that his relationship with Korn was flawed due to them not letting him back in the band after his long absence from music.", "Silveria mentioned during his conversation with fans on Kornspace that he had contacted then-former band member Brian Welch about a Korn reunion tour but Welch refused the offer.", "Silveria also confirmed his comments that he left Korn due to \"negative attitudes\" and that he \"couldn't take it anymore\".", "He mentioned at that point that he had not spoken with Davis since November 2006.", "However, after it was announced that original guitarist Welch would be returning to Korn for two shows at Rock am Ring and Rock im Park in 2013, Silveria commented on his Facebook page that he would be open to a reunion if all five original members were involved.", "On January 7, 2013, Silveria updated his status on his official Facebook page stating, 'Korn fans need to flood the Korn site telling them Korn isn't Korn without the original five!!!'", "He then went on to say in a later status that fans should 'Flood Jd's and Munkys twitter to bring the original 5 back together\" and later commenting that he had 'made contact', after which fans began predicting that a full reunion would happen.", "On January 7, 2013, Welch stated in an interview that \"David has really said some crazy things online about personal things and he's not in a place where people would really want him around.", "That happened before I talked with them but I guess the things he said were really crazy.", "Those guys were in a band together for so long so I don't know, but for now it's just not going to happen.\"", "On August 11, 2013, Silveria took to his personal Facebook account to state that \"[t]here are a lot of things I did for the band that they don't like to admit I did.\"", "He then went on to say in a later post that he blamed the band's \"cookie cutter\" musical direction after Follow the Leader for his lack of interest from that point.", "On August 17, 2013, Silveria responded to the repeated misquoting of his post on Ray Luzier and Korn with \"To be clear I am NOT talking bad about Ray.", "My posts have been about my work with Korn during our early years specifically during our first three records.\"", "Silveria has claimed that he could restore Korn's original sound, and says that he would like to have a discussion with the band about their early days, the future of the band and Korn's original sound.", "However, Davis stated on Twitter that \"I will never never play with him again\" (which appears to be a reference to the title of Korn's first single \"Never Never\" from the album The Paradigm Shift).", "On February 27, 2015, Silveria stated that he was suing his former bandmates in Korn for money owed after the band declined to allow him back in the group following a lengthy break.", "According to TMZ, Silveria is suing the other four original bandmembers in an effort to reclaim the money owed to him and his \"ownership interest\" in the band since his departure.", "If Silveria is paid what he believes he is owed from the past 9 years, he will dissolve his partnership with the group.", "2012–2015: Infinika\nOn January 24, it was announced on YouTube that Silveria was playing drums for the experimental rock band Infinika alongside the founding member of ANYONE (and filmmaker) Riz Story.", "On January 27, it was confirmed with an article on Blabbermouth.net.", "Silveria stated that he wished to expand his musical scope with Infinika adding that it was technically the most advanced drumming of his career.", "On January 30, fan site Kornspace.com confirmed that Silveria had in fact joined the site, with a picture of Silveria holding a Kornspace banner.", "This confirmed previous comments that had supposedly been made by the drummer on the site earlier that week.", "Silveria stated that he would be touring with Infinika and that he was looking forward to the release of the first full-length album by the band, Echoes and Traces.", "On April 2, Infinika released a single and music video via YouTube called \"Beautiful World\".", "The video features footage of Silveria recorded for the Infinika – Promotional Clip.", "The album Echoes and Traces was released worldwide on September 1, 2014.", "The album features 14 tracks which vary widely from acoustic to psychedelic metal.", "Silveria stated that \"the direction of the band would be defined by its rich mixture of sounds and unpredictable direction\".", "Noting the mixed reviews from some Korn fans Silveria stated, \"I have no interest in repeating myself.", "I want to keep expanding my drumming and Infinika allows me to explore the wide range of my drumming\".", "On January 24, 2015, Infinika announced the band would be dissolved.", "2016–2018: Leaving Core10 for Breaking in a Sequence (B.I.A.S.)", "Silveria stated he would be joining a band by the name of Core10 on his Facebook page.", "On May 22, 2018, it was announced that Silveria and everyone else in the band, aside from their two frontmen, had quit the band due to mixed reviews and creative differences.", "Silveria then helped form a new band called Breaking in a Sequence (B.I.A.S) with singer Rich Nguyen, guitarist and vocalist Joe Taback, guitarist Mike Martin, and bassist Chris Dorame.", "Musical equipment\n\nThe following is a listing of the drums and equipment used by Silveria during his career with Korn.", "Silveria later married Victoria Silveria.", "Discography\nWith L.A.P.D\nJames Brown (also known as Love and Peace Dude EP) (1989)\nWho's Laughing Now (1991)\nL.A.P.D (1997)\n\nWith Korn\n Korn (1994)\n Life Is Peachy (1996)\n Follow the Leader (1998)\n Issues (1999)\n Untouchables (2002)\n Take a Look in the Mirror (2003)\n See You on the Other Side (2005)\n\nWith Infinika\n Echoes and Traces (2014)\n\nWith Breaking in a Sequence\n Acronym EP (2021)\n\nSee also\nLAPD\nKorn\nList of Korn band members\n\nReferences\n\n1972 births\nLiving people\nPeople from San Leandro, California\nAmerican people of Portuguese descent\nKorn members\nAmerican heavy metal drummers\nMusicians from California\nNu metal drummers\n20th-century American drummers\nAmerican male drummers\n21st-century American drummers" ]

[ "David Randall Silveria (born September 21, 1972) is an American drummer, best known as the original drummer for nu metal band Korn from 1993 until leaving the band in 2006", "He was the drummer for Infinika, which was dissolved in 2015.", "Silveria is the drummer of a band called B.I.A.S.", "Born in San Leandro, California, Silveria was raised in Bakersfield.", "He was one of the five original members of the nu metal band.", "The nu metal genre has sold over 40 million albums worldwide.", "Mike Bordin from Faith No More filled in for Silveria on the \"Sick and Twisted 2000\" and \"Summer Sanitarium\" tours due to injury.", "Silveria's explanation for the issue was that he \"hits too hard\", he returned for the album recording of Untouchables.", "After the tour in support of See You on the Other Side, Jonathan Davis said Silveria would probably not appear on their next album.", "Ray Luzier was the official replacement after working with several different drummers.", "For the first time in three years, Silveria introduced himself as \"David Silveria from Korn\" when he appeared on Dancing with the Stars.", "He was a model for Remetee in May of 2010.", "Since leaving the band in January of 2012 Silveria has become vocal about his time in Korn, and has often spoken negatively about the band, its members and its outspoken fans.", "He has no hard feelings towards his former bandmates.", "Silveria called bassist Arvizu a \"cowardly little bitch\".", "After a long absence from music, Silveria was not allowed to rejoin the band.", "During his conversation with fans on Kornspace, Silveria mentioned that he tried to get Brian Welch to join a reunion tour, but he refused.", "Silveria said that he left Korn due to negative attitudes and that he couldn't take it anymore.", "He mentioned that he hadn't spoken to Davis in over a year.", "Silveria commented on his Facebook page that he would be open to a reunion if all five original members were involved.", "On January 7, Silveria updated his status on his official Facebook page to say \"Korn fans need to flood the site telling them Korn isn't Korn without the original five!\"", "After fans began predicting that a full reunion would happen, he went on to say in a later status that fans should 'Flood Jd's and Munkys twitter to bring the original 5 back together'.", "\"David has said some crazy things online about personal things and he's not in a place where people would really want him around.\"", "I think the things he said were crazy.", "For now, it's not going to happen because those guys were in a band for so long.", "Silveria took to his personal Facebook account to state that there are a lot of things he did for the band that they don't like to admit.", "He blamed the band's \"cookie cutter\" musical direction after Follow the Leader for his lack of interest.", "\"To be clear, I am not talking bad about Ray,\" Silveria said in response to the repeated misquote of his post.", "During our first three records, my posts have been about my work with Korn.", "Silveria wants to have a discussion with the band about the future of the band and their original sound.", "According to Davis, he will never play with him again, which appears to be a reference to the title of Korn's first single \"Never Never\" from the album The Paradigm Shift.", "On February 27, 2015, Silveria stated that he was suing his former bandmates in Korn for money owed after the band declined to allow him back in the group following a lengthy break.", "Silveria is trying to get money owed to him and his ownership interest in the band back.", "If Silveria is not paid what he is owed from the past 9 years, he will end his partnership with the group.", "On January 24, it was announced that Silveria was playing drums for the experimental rock band Infinika alongside the founding member of anyone.", "An article on Blabbermouth.net confirmed it on January 27.", "According to Silveria, Infinika was the most advanced drumming of his career and he wanted to expand his musical scope with it.", "Silveria joined the site on January 30 with a picture of her holding a banner.", "It was confirmed that the drummer had made comments on the site earlier that week.", "Silveria stated that he was looking forward to the release of the first full-length album by the band, and that he would be touring with Infinika.", "The single and music video \"Beautiful World\" was released on April 2.", "Silveria was recorded for the promotional clip.", "The album was released in September of last year.", "There are 14 tracks on the album which range from acoustic to metal.", "The direction of the band would be defined by its rich mixture of sounds and unpredictable direction according to Silveria.", "Silveria stated, \"I have no interest in repeating myself.\"", "I use Infinika to explore the wide range of my drumming.", "The band was dissolved on January 24, 2015.", "Leaving Core10 for breaking in a sequence.", "Silveria stated on his Facebook page that he would be joining a band called Core10", "Silveria and the rest of the band quit due to mixed reviews and creative differences.", "A new band called Break in a Sequence (B.I.A.S) was formed with Silveria's help.", "There is a list of the drums and equipment Silveria used during his career.", "Victoria Silveria married Silveria.", "Discography With L.A.P.D James Brown, Who's Laughing Now, Life Is Peachy, Follow the Leader, Issues, and Untouchables." ]

[ "David Randall Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "David Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveriarn", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "David", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Victoria Silveria" ]

[ "David Randall Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "David Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "David", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Silveria", "Victoria Silveria" ]

[ "James Robison (born October 11, 1946) is an American novelist, short story writer, poet and screenwriter.", "The author of The Illustrator (1988) and Rumor and Other Stories (1985), his work has frequently appeared in The New Yorker and numerous other journals.", "He is a recipient of the Whiting Award for his short fiction and a Rosenthal Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.", "He has held teaching posts at numerous universities across the United States, including the University of Houston and Loyola University Maryland.", "Biography\nRobison was born in Worthington, Ohio, in 1946.", "His father was a graphic artist and freelance illustrator in Columbus, Ohio.", "Robison attended Worthington High School from 1960-1964.", "He attended Ohio State University.", "After working for several years as a commercial artist, he continued his education, and received an MFA from Brown University in 1979, where he worked with Robert Coover, R.V.", "Cassill, and John Hawkes.", "His creative thesis was entitled Gold Whiskey and Other Stories.", "After Brown, he traveled to Baltimore and Boston.", "In 1988, he began teaching creative writing along with his former wife, the author Mary Robison, at the University of Houston Creative Writing Program, where he would spend much of the next decade.", "Since leaving Houston, he has taught at various universities, including as Visiting Writer at Loyola College of Maryland, The University of Southern Mississippi and the University of North Dakota.", "He's been married to the writer, Mary Ferraro, since 1997.", "Work\nRobison's first publications were in literary journals, including eight stories in The New Yorker beginning in 1979, as well as Grand Street, The Mississippi Review, Best American Short Stories 1980 (selected by Stanley Elkin), and The Pushcart Prize Anthology.", "The Mississippi Review devoted an entire issue to his work in 1994.", "His stories were first collected in Rumor and Other Stories in 1985.", "His first novel, The Illustrator, appeared in 1988.", "He has at least one screenplay to his credit, 2008's New Orleans, Mon Amour.", "Since 2010, his work has undergone something of a renaissance, with numerous new stories, flash fictions, and poems appearing in journals such as BLIP Magazine, SmokeLong Quarterly, Blue Fifth Review, and elsewhere.", "In 2012 he won a second Pushcart Prize for his short story \"I See Men Like Trees, Walking\" which will be included in the Pushcart 2013 Anthology.", "Critical reception\nLike most minimalists, he tends to eschew the term.", "Donald Barthelme called The Illustrator “a remarkable achievement,” and “a brilliant piece of work.", "It is funny and sinister and affecting and profound, all at the same time.\"", "Anthony Burgess said, \"His ear is astounding, as is his narrative power, his ability to deal shocks and psychological truths, and his sheer grasp of the form.\"", "John Hawkes wrote \"his stories are among the funniest, profoundest, and most exactingly written of any appearing in print.\"", "Of Rumor and Other Stories, Frederick Barthelme said \"The world through James Robison's eyes is such a dazzling show of delicacy and precision that heartbreak turns on the choice of a verb.", "His dialogue is never less than perfect.", "Radiant, energetic, and above all, touching.\"", "Recent work\nSince 2010, Robison has again begun to publish extensively, with work appearing in The Manchester Review, Smokelong Quarterly, The Blue Fifth Review, Commonline, BLIP Magazine, Blast Furnace, Scythe Literary Journal, Metazen, The Raleigh Review, Whale Sound, and Corium Magazine.", "Normally reticent, he granted an interview to Smokelong Quarterly, in which he discussed aesthetics: \"I saw a Nova-like show about dark matter, how scientists know that it exists because some light waves firing to earth bend and curve all around a precisely shaped nothingness.", "I thought, boy howdy, this is how so much art, plastic or literary, from the 20th and 21st Century behaves: Its true content is what it refuses to describe explicitly, but the shape of its meaning may be precisely limned by implication.\"", "Contributing to a piece posted in BLIP, he wrote: \"For years, decades, I tried to teach the students to do lightning strike stuff.", "Bang.", "Blinding light.", "Whiff of burnt earth.", "Then go away and do not worry about anything because you have not done the great damage of boring anybody.", "It was years of this.", "NOW many are doing it and NOW, 25, 30 years later, it's good that they are and I am happy to see such stuff and even that its name is FLASH fiction.\"", "He is an active member of the Fictionaut site, of which he said: \"Fictionaut is a test track and display room for works in process and as a writer, your readers there make up a community of trusted and truthful equals, eerily reliable so far.", "Writing into a void is miserable, like telling jokes to a wall.", "Fictionaut provides a round-the-clock, faithfully attentive audience.", "It's a post post graduate-level workshop.\"", "In an interview with Meg Pokrass at Fictionaut Five, he said: \"A story must have three ingredients, like, oral surgery, Puccini’s Turandot, and divorce.", "Or hurricane science, a niece, and physics.", "If I have three large thoughts, intuitions or detections about three varied things, I’ll launch a story.\"", "Later in the interview, he said, \"Before you can be a writer you must make it new and the only way to do that is to run a harrowing, fearless, ruthless self audit.", "A psychological, emotional, moral inventory.", "You must know who you are, without delusions or self-deception, and what you find is apt to scare the spit out of you.", "But that is the truth you must accept and the truth from which you will construct every sentence.\"", "New Letters on the Air, 18 Sept. 1987\n \"Interview: James Robison\" Interview by Patricia Lear.", "Other Voices 12 (Summer/Fall 1990)\n \"Smoking With James Robison\" Interview by Lauren Becker.", "SmokeLong Quarterly, 29 Sept. 2010\n \"Fictionaut Five: James Robison\", Interview by Meg Pokrass.", "Fictionaut Blog - A Literary Community for Adventurous Readers & Writers, 17 Nov. 2010\n\nArticles, essays and other work\n\n \"Notes for a Story\" Hit and Run Magazine, 22 Mar.", "2009\n \"Some Grateful Thoughts About Fictionaut\" Fictionaut Blog - A Literary Community for Adventurous Readers & Writers, 23 Apr.", "2009\n \"Wallace Stevens Week: James Robison on Stevens\" BIG OTHER, 17 Nov. 2010\n \"What May Have Been: Review of Letters of Jackson Pollock & Dori G by Susan Tepper and Gary Percesepe\" Used Furniture Review, 14 Jan. 2011\n \"Why I Write\" The Montréal Review (Sept 2011)\n \"A Temper\" {Artwork} THIS Literary Magazine 14 (March/April 2012)\n\nScreenplay\n New Orleans, Mon Amour (2008)\n\nAudio\n \"James Robison: 'Envy'\" Reading and Interview with Robert Stewart and Rebekah Presson.", "New Letters on the Air, 18 Sept. 1987\n \"The Slender Scent\" Group Reading at Whale Sound, 17 Dec. 2010 Comments at Voice Alpha\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official website\n James Robison Bibliography at EasyBib\n James Robison in WorldCat\n \nProfile at The Whiting Foundation\n\n20th-century American novelists\nUniversity of Houston faculty\nAmerican male novelists\nPeople from Worthington, Ohio\n1946 births\nLiving people\nOhio State University alumni\nBrown University alumni\nAmerican male short story writers\n20th-century American short story writers\nNovelists from Ohio\n20th-century American male writers\nNovelists from Texas" ]

[ "James Robison is an American novelist, short story writer, poet and screenwriter.", "His work has appeared in The New Yorker and many other journals.", "He received the Rosenthal Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters for his short fiction.", "He taught at the University of Houston and Loyola University Maryland.", "Robison was born in Ohio.", "His father was an artist in Columbus, Ohio.", "Robison attended high school in the 1960's.", "He was a student at Ohio State University.", "After working for several years as a commercial artist, he continued his education and received an MFA from Brown University in 1979 where he worked with Robert Coover, R.V.", "They were joined by John Hawkes.", "His thesis was called Gold Whiskey and Other Stories.", "He traveled to Boston and Baltimore after Brown.", "He began teaching creative writing at the University of Houston in 1988 with his former wife Mary Robison.", "He has taught at many universities since leaving Houston, including as Visiting Writer at Loyola College of Maryland, The University of Southern Mississippi, and the University of North Dakota.", "He has been married to Mary Ferraro since 1997.", "Work Robison's first publications were in literary journals, including eight stories in The New Yorker beginning in 1979.", "The Mississippi Review devoted an entire issue to his work in 1994.", "His stories were first published in 1985.", "The Illustrator was his first novel.", "2008's New Orleans, Mon Amour is one of the screenplays he has.", "Since 2010, his work has undergone something of a renaissance, with numerous new stories, flash fictions, and poems appearing in journals such as BLIP Magazine, Smoke Long Quarterly, and Blue Fifth Review.", "He won a second Pushcart Prize in 2012 for his short story \"I See Men Like Trees, Walking.\"", "He tends to avoid the term critical reception.", "Donald Barthelme said that The Illustrator was a brilliant piece of work.", "It is funny and sinister and affecting at the same time.", "His ear is amazing, as is his narrative power, his ability to deal shocks and psychological truths, and his sheer grasp of the form.", "John Hawkes wrote \"his stories are among the funniest, profoundest, and most exactingly written of any appearing in print.\"", "Frederick Barthelme said that the world through James Robison's eyes is a dazzling show of delicacy and precision.", "His dialogue is always perfect.", "Above all, touching.", "Robison's work has appeared in The Manchester Review, Smokelong Quarterly, The Blue Fifth Review, Commonline, BLIP Magazine, and Scythe Literary Journal.", "He gave an interview to Smokelong Quarterly in which he talked about how scientists know that dark matter exists because light waves bend and curve around a precisely shaped nothingness.", "I thought, boy howdy, this is how so much art, plastic or literary from the 20th and 21st Century behaves: Its true content is what it refuses to describe explicitly, but the shape of its meaning may be precisely limned by implication.", "He wrote that he tried to teach the students to do lightning strike stuff for years.", "There was a bang.", "The light is blind.", "There was a resemblance of burnt earth.", "You don't have to worry about boring people because you have done nothing.", "It was a long time.", "It's good that they are doing it and I'm happy to see that it's not just fiction.", "\"Fictionaut is a test track and display room for works in process and as a writer, your readers there make up a community of trusted and truthful equals, eerily reliable so far,\" he said.", "It's like telling jokes to a wall.", "A round-the-clock audience is provided by Fictionaut.", "It's a post graduate workshop.", "In an interview with Meg Pokrass at Fictionaut Five, he said that a story must include oral surgery, Turandot and divorce.", "Hurricane science, a niece, and physics.", "I will launch a story if I have three large thoughts, intuitions or detections about three different things.", "He said in the interview that before you can be a writer, you must make it new and run a harrowing, fearless, ruthless self audit.", "A moral inventory.", "If you don't know who you are, what you find is likely to scare you.", "You have to accept that truth and the truth from which you will make every sentence.", "\"Interview: James Robison\" is a new letter on the air.", "\"Smoking With James Robison\" is an Interview by Lauren Becker.", "Interview by Meg Pokrass on \"Fictionaut Five: James Robison\".", "There is a literary community for Adventurous Readers and Writers.", "A literary community for Adventurous Readers and Writers was founded in 2009.", "\"Wallace Stevens Week: James Robison on Stevens\" was published in 2009.", "New Letters on the Air, 18 Sept. 1987 \"The Slender Scent\" Group Reading at Whale Sound, 17 Dec. 2010 Comments at Voice Alpha References" ]

[ "James Robison", "Robison", "Robison", "Mary Robison", "Robison", "James Robison", "Robison", "James Robison", "James Robison", "James Robison", "James Robison", "James Robison", "James Robison", "James Robison" ]

[ "James Robison", "Robison", "Robison", "Mary Robison", "Robison", "James Robison", "Robison", "James Robison", "James Rob", "James Robison", "James Robison" ]

[ "Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva (Kyrgyz: Роза Исаковна (Исак кызы) Отунбаева, Roza Isakovna (Isak kyzy) Otunbayeva; born August 23, 1950) is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 7 April 2010 until 1 December 2011, becoming the first female Central Asian head of state.", "She was sworn in on July 3, 2010, after acting as interim leader following the 2010 April Revolution, which led to the ousting of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.", "She previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and as head of the parliamentary caucus for the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.", "Early life\nRoza Otunbayeva was born in Frunze, Kyrgyz SSR, USSR into the family of Isak Otunbayev, a member of the Supreme Court of Kyrgyz SSR (1967–1992), and Salika Daniyarova (1925–2020), a teacher.", "She graduated from the Philosophy Faculty of Moscow State University in 1972 and went on to teach as Senior Teacher and then as Head of the Philosophy Department at Kyrgyz State National University for six years (1975–1981).", "In 1975, she became Candidate of Sciences after defending her dissertation, \"Critique of falsification of Marxist-Leninist dialectic by the philosophers of Frankfurt school\".", "Otunbayeva is a divorced mother of two children.", "She is fluent in Russian, English, German and French in addition to Kyrgyz.", "Political career\nIn 1981, she began her political career as the Communist Party's Second Secretary of the Lenin raion council (raikom) of Frunze (now Bishkek).", "From 1983 to 1986, Otunbayeva served as the Secretary of the City Communist Party Committee in Frunze (now Bishkek).", "In 1986, she was appointed the Deputy to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and the same time the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.", "In 1989, she was appointed as the Executive Secretary and later as the Chairwoman of the USSR UNESCO National Committee, and she also became member of the USSR Foreign Ministry's Board.", "From 1989–1992, she served as the Vice-President of the UNESCO Executive Council.", "By 1992, the now independent Kyrgyzstan was led by Askar Akayev, who chose her to be Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister, positions she held until later that year when she became her country's first ambassador to the US and Canada (1992–1994).", "In May 1994 she was called back to her original post of Kyrgyz Minister of Foreign Affairs, remaining there for three years.", "From 1997 to 2002, she served as the first Kyrgyz ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.", "From 2002 to 2004, she was recruited Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary General in the Peacekeeping Mission for Georgia.", "Upon her return to Kyrgyzstan in late 2004, Otunbayeva became politically active.", "In December 2004, she and three other opposition parliamentarians founded the Ata-Jurt (Fatherland) public movement in preparation for the February 2005 parliamentary elections.", "From March to September 2005, Otunbayeva served as Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs.", "\"Tulip Revolution\"\n\nOtunbayeva was one of the key leaders of the Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan which led to the overthrow of President Akayev.", "Subsequently, she served for a few months as Acting Foreign Minister in the interim government of then prime minister (and acting president) Kurmanbek Bakiyev.", "After Bakiyev was elected President and Feliks Kulov became Prime Minister, Otunbayeva failed to receive the required parliamentary support to become Foreign Minister.", "She then ran unsuccessfully in a parliamentary by-election a few months later.", "Otunbayeva played a key role in the November 2006 protests that pressed successfully for a new democratic constitution.", "She was the co-chairwoman of the country's Asaba (Flag) National Revival Party for a short time.", "In December 2007, Otunbayeva was elected to the Jogorku Kenesh – the Parliament of Kyrgyzstan – on the list of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.", "She served as the Leader of the Opposition SDP from 2008 to 2010.", "In 2009 she became the Leader of People's Front opposition.", "2010 uprising and presidency\n\nOn 7 April 2010, she was chosen by opposition leaders as head of the Interim Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, following widespread rioting in Bishkek and the ouster of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.", "Bakiyev fled the Jalal-Abad area as the riots became more violent.", "Unable to rally support, he resigned as president on 10 April 2010, and left the country for Kazakhstan.", "Nine days later he went to Minsk, Belarus, where he was given protected-exile status.", "On 21 April, he recanted his resignation and declared that he was still president of Kyrgyzstan.", "Otunbayeva vowed to bring him to trial.", "As interim president, Otunbayeva had four male deputies.", "Otunbayeva is considered to be unusual as there are few women in politics in Kyrgyzstan.", "Her first conversation after she came to power was with Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.", "Otunbayeva declared that new elections would be called within six months and that she would act as president until then.", "With violent protests in support of ousted President Kurmanbek Bakiyev continuing in Jalalabad, the home city of the former president, it was announced on 19 May 2010, by the interim government that elections would be delayed until 2011 and Otunbayeva was named as president.", "Following a referendum on the new Kyrgyz constitution, she was sworn in on 3 July 2010.", "Otunbayeva however was prohibited by the new constitution from running in the 2011 presidential election and her term ended on 31 December 2011.", "The referendum was supported by over 90% and changes the government from a Presidential republic to a Parliamentary republic.", "Parliamentary elections were held in October and the new parliament elected the Prime Minister and Cabinet.", "Post-Presidency \nIn January 2012, Otunbayeva has established the International Public Foundation \"Roza Otunbayeva Initiative\".", "The main objective of the Foundation is to implement programs and projects that will contribute to the social, political and economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic.", "During a 2016 speech by her successor at a military parade on Ala-Too Square for the 25th anniversary of Kyrgyzstan's independence, Otunbayeva walked off the stage after President Atamabayev repeatedly criticized her government.", "During a speech at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in May 2018, she claimed that the young Kyrgyz generation values freedom above all, saying that they \"have been infected by freedom and it runs deep\".", "Honours and awards \nRoza Otunbayeva was listed as one of the 150 Most Influential Women in the World by Newsweek/Daily Beast 2011 Edition.", "Otunbayeva has received France's \"Legion of Honour\" Award with the degree of Commander, as well as the highest order of Mongolia's \"Polar Star\" Award.", "She was awarded the Premio Minerva Medallion, which is presided over by the President of the Italian Republic, \"For occupying the highest institutional role in Kyrgyzstan, and for her international activities promoting democracy and peace\".", "In 2011, Otunbayeva received an International Women of Courage Award, which is presented annually by the United States Department of State to women around the world who have shown leadership, courage, resourcefulness, and the willingness to sacrifice for others, especially while promoting women's rights.", "On December 13, 2012, the Eurasia Foundation (USA) awarded her with the 2012 Bill Maynes Award for demonstrating visionary leadership throughout Kyrgyzstan's constitutional transition and providing a lifelong example of public service." ]

[ "", "After the April Revolution led to the ousting of President Bakiyev, she was sworn in as interim leader on July 3, 2010.", "She was the head of the parliamentary caucus for the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.", "The family of Isak Otunbayev, a member of the Supreme Court of the Kyrgyz SSR, and a teacher, is descended from the early life of Roza Otunbayeva.", "After graduating from the Philosophy Faculty of Moscow State University in 1972, she went on to teach as Senior Teacher and then as Head of the Philosophy Department at Kyrgyz State National University for six years.", "She became Candidate of Sciences in 1975, after she defended her thesis.", "Otunbayeva has two children.", "She is proficient in many languages, including Russian, English, German, and French.", "She began her political career in 1981 as the Communist Party's Second Secretary in Frunze.", "The Secretary of the City Communist Party Committee in Frunze was Otunbayeva.", "She was appointed the deputy to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic at the same time.", "She was appointed as the Executive Secretary and later as the Chairwoman of the USSR UNESCO National Committee in 1989.", "She was the Vice- President of the UNESCO Executive Council from 1989 to 1992.", "After becoming the country's first ambassador to the US and Canada in 1992, Askar Akayev became the Minister of Foreign Affairs and deputy prime minister.", "She stayed there for three years after being called back to her original post.", "She was the first Kyrgyz ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.", "She worked for the UN Secretary General in the Peacekeeping Mission for Georgia from 2002 to 2004.", "In late 2004, Otunbayeva became politically active.", "In December 2004, she and three other opposition parliamentarians founded the Ata-Jurt public movement in preparation for the February 2005 parliamentary elections.", "Otunbayeva was the acting Minister of Foreign Affairs.", "The Tulip Revolution led to the overthrow of President Akayev.", "She served as an acting Foreign Minister in the interim government of Bakiyev.", "Otunbayeva failed to get the required parliamentary support to become Foreign Minister after Bakiyev was elected President.", "She ran unsuccessfully in a parliamentary by-election a few months later.", "The November 2006 protests that pressed for a new democratic constitution were led by Otunbayeva.", "She was a co-chairwoman of the Asaba National Revival Party.", "Otunbayeva was elected to the Parliament of Kyrgyzstan on the list of the Social Democratic Party.", "She was the leader of the SDP from 2008 to 2010.", "She became the leader of the People's Front in 2009.", "On 7 April 2010, she was chosen by opposition leaders as head of the Interim Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, following the ousting of President Bakiyev.", "The riots became more violent as Bakiyev fled the Jalal-Abad area.", "On April 10, 2010, he resigned as president and left the country.", "He was given protected-exile status in Minsk nine days later.", "He changed his mind and said that he was still the president.", "He will be brought to trial.", "Otunbayeva had four men with her as interim president.", "There are few women in politics in Otunbayeva.", "She had her first conversation with Putin when she was in power.", "She said that new elections would be called within six months and that she would act as president until then.", "After violent protests in support of ousted President Bakiyev continued in Jalalabad, the interim government announced on 19 May 2010 that elections would be delayed until 2011.", "She was sworn in on July 3, 2010, following a referendum on the new constitution.", "The new constitution prevented Otunbayeva from running in the presidential election in 2011.", "The referendum changed the government from a Presidential republic to a parliamentary one.", "The new parliament elected the Prime Minister and Cabinet.", "The International Public Foundation was established in January of 2012 by Otunbayeva.", "The main goal of the Foundation is to implement programs and projects that will contribute to the social, political and economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic.", "During a speech by her successor at a military parade on Ala-Too Square for the 25th anniversary of Kyrgyzstan's independence, Otunbayeva walked off the stage after President Atamabayev criticized her government.", "She claimed that the young Kyrgyz generation values freedom above all and that it runs deep.", "One of the 150 most influential women in the world is one of the recipients of honours and awards.", "Otunbayeva received France's \"Legion of Honour\" Award with the degree of Commander, as well as the highest order of Mongolia's \"Polar Star\" Award.", "The President of the Italian Republic presided over the award, which was for her international activities promoting democracy and peace.", "The International Women of Courage Award is presented annually by the United States Department of State to women around the world who have shown leadership, courage, resourcefulness, and the willingness to sacrifice for others, especially while promoting women's rights.", "On December 13, 2012 she received the 2012 Bill Maynes Award for demonstrating visionary leadership and providing a lifelong example of public service." ]

[ "Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva", "Roza Isakovna", "Otunbayeva", "Roza Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Roza", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva" ]

[ "Roza Otunbay", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva", "Otunbayeva" ]

[ "Don Dixon (born December 13, 1950) is an American record producer, songwriter, musician, bass guitarist, and very occasional actor.", "Dixon is considered to be one of the key producers of what is called the jangle pop movement of the early 1980s.", "Early life\nDon Dixon was born in Lancaster, South Carolina.", "He learned guitar at age 13, and made his first recording as a jazz bassist at age 15.", "He attended the University of North Carolina, where his roommate was the writer Bruce Brooks.", "Dixon and several fellow UNC freshmen formed the band Arrogance, who recorded six albums and inspired others in the North Carolina music scene.", "Dixon spent thirteen years as a member, and learned the essence of record production during this time.", "Production\nDixon was still playing with Arrogance in 1982 when Mitch Easter asked him to co-produce R.E.M.", "'s debut LP Murmur and their 1984 follow-up LP Reckoning (both Dixon and Easter are credited in the Reckoning liner notes as \"Machinists\").", "Dixon then spent several years producing the work of artists including Chris Stamey (formerly of The dB's), The Smithereens, Fetchin Bones, Richard Barone, Guadalcanal Diary and Marshall Crenshaw.", "Considered to be a highlight of this period was Tommy Keene's Run Now EP.", "Working with Mitch Easter at Fidelitorium Recordings in Kernersville, NC, Dixon produced Mixed Reality, the sixth studio album by American alternative rock band Gin Blossoms.", "It was released on June 15, 2018, on Cleopatra Records.", "Recordings\nIn 1985, success as a producer led to Dixon's solo debut Most of the Girls Like to Dance But Only Some of the Boys Like To, a collection of early demos.", "This album reflected his love of classic pop melodies and spiky, Nick Lowe-inspired word play.", "In 1987, Dixon recorded Romeo at Juilliard described as Big Star-style power pop.", "Chi-Town Budget Show (1988) was a recording of a Chicago's Park West nightclub broadcast.", "In 1989, his album EEE featured the Uptown Horns.", "In 1992 Restless Records released a Don Dixon \"Best Of\" album entitled \"(If) I'm A Ham, Well You're A Sausage\".", "In 1995, after taking time off to raise a family, Dixon released Romantic Depressive, a somewhat darker-themed album.", "In 1996, Dixon produced the original cast recording of King Mackerel & The Blues Are Running (Songs And Stories of the Carolina Coast) which featured Bland Simpson (Red Clay Ramblers) and author/composer Jim Wann.", "It was another four years before he released The Invisible Man (2000), an album about mortality, with songs from viewpoints of people of various ages.", "Note Pad #38 in 2001 was an odds-and-ends collection of unreleased material from his solo career.", "In 2006, Dixon released The Entire Combustible World in One Small Room, a concept album revolving around rooms in a house.", "Dixon and wife Marti Jones released the download-only album Lucky Stars: New Lullabies for Old Souls in 2008.", "A departure from their previous sound, this project began as a request from a friend who was putting together an album of lullabies to sell in hospitals to new parents.", "The album featured six vocal songs and five instrumentals.", "In 2008, Dixon released The Nu-Look with The Jump Rabbits, his bandmates of 20 years: Jamie Hoover of The Spongetones, and Jim Brock.", "In 2009, a book of Dixon's song lyrics, Songs 101: the Lyrics of Don Dixon was published by VanZeno Press.", "Although Dixon and wife Marti Jones have collaborated on each other's albums for years, in 2011 they released Living Stereo, their first proper duet album.", "In 2014, Dixon released High & Filthy & Borderline, based on the lives of a male and a female assassin.", "Personal life\nDixon has been married to the singer/artist Marti Jones since 1988.", "Actor\nPlayed an alcoholic composer in Todd Graff's 2003 film Camp .", "Appeared onstage in the musical King Mackerel & the Blues Are Running: Songs & Stories of the North Carolina Coast, co-created with Jim Wann (Pump Boys and Dinettes) and Bland Simpson (of The Red Clay Ramblers).", "References\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\n1950 births\nLiving people\nRecord producers from North Carolina\nRecord producers from South Carolina\nSongwriters from North Carolina\nSongwriters from South Carolina\nMusicians from Charlotte, North Carolina\nGuitarists from North Carolina\nGuitarists from South Carolina\nPeople from Lancaster, South Carolina\nThe Golden Palominos members\nAmerican male bass guitarists\n20th-century American bass guitarists\n20th-century American male musicians\nAmerican male songwriters" ]

[ "DonDixon is an American record producer, musician, bass guitarist, and occasional actor who was born on December 13, 1950.", "The jangle pop movement of the early 1980s is considered to be one of the key producers.", "DonDixon was born in Lancaster, South Carolina.", "He made his first recording as a jazz bassist at the age of 15.", "He was a student at the University of North Carolina.", "The band Arrogance recorded six albums and inspired others in the North Carolina music scene.", "During his thirteen years as a member, he learned the essence of record production.", "He was still playing with Arrogance when he was asked to co-produce R.E.M.", "Both Dixon and Easter are credited in the reckoning liner notes as \"Machinists\".", "The work of artists including Chris Stamey, The Smithereens, Fetchin Bones, Richard Barone, Guadalcanal Diary and Marshall Crenshaw was produced by Dixon.", "Run Now is considered to be a highlight of this period.", "Mixed Reality is the sixth studio album by American alternative rock band Gin Blossoms.", "On June 15, 2018, it was released.", "Most of the Girls Like to Dance But Only Some of the Boys Like To is a collection of early demos.", "His love of pop music and word play was reflected in this album.", "The Big Star-style power pop was recorded in 1987.", "The Park West nightclub broadcast of Chi-Town Budget Show was recorded in 1988.", "The Uptown Horns were featured on his album in 1989.", "The album \"(If) I'm A Ham, Well You're A Sausage\" was released in 1992.", "Romantic Depressive was released in 1995 after taking time off to raise a family.", "The original cast recording of King Mackerel & The Blues Are Running featured Bland Simpson and author/composer Jim Wann.", "He released The Invisible Man (2000), an album about mortality, with songs from viewpoints of people of different ages.", "There was an odds-and- ends collection of material from his solo career.", "The Entire Combustible World in One Small Room is a concept album revolving around rooms in a house.", "The download-only album Lucky Stars: New Lullabies for Old Souls was released in 2008.", "A departure from their previous sound, this project began as a request from a friend who was putting together an album of lullabies to sell in hospitals to new parents.", "There were six vocal songs and five instrumentals on the album.", "Jamie Hoover of The Spongetones and Jim Brock of The Jump Rabbits were in The Nu-Look with The Jump Rabbits.", "Songs 101: the Lyrics of Don Dixon was published by VanZeno Press in 2009.", "Living Stereo, their first proper duet album, was released in 2011.", "The lives of a male and a female assassin were the subject of High & Filthy & Borderline.", "Dixon has been married to a singer since 1988.", "The actor played an alcoholic in Camp.", "The musical King Mackerel & the Blues Are Running: Songs & Stories of the North Carolina Coast was co-created with Jim Wann and Bland Simpson.", "References External links 1950 births Living people Record producers from North Carolina Record producers from South Carolina Songwriters from North Carolina Musicians from Charlotte, North Carolina Guitarists from South Carolina People from Lancaster, South Carolina" ]

[ "Don Dixon", "Dixon", "Don Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Don Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Don Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Dixon" ]

[ "DonDixon", "DonDixon", "Dixon", "Dixon", "Don Dixon", "Dixon" ]

[ "Jacob Ostreicher (born February 7, 1959) is an American businessman and investor.", "In June 2011, he was arrested in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, while overseeing a rice growing agricultural venture that he had invested in, and was jailed for 18 months on suspicion of money laundering, though he was never formally charged.", "Ostreicher maintained his innocence and stated that the allegations by the Bolivian government were \"the scam of the century\".", "His family and friends initiated a public effort to plea for his release, and actor-activist Sean Penn visited Ostreicher in Bolivia and pledged to work for his release.", "On December 18, 2012, Ostreicher was released from prison on $14,000 bail and placed under house arrest.", "Bolivian officials were later arrested for what authorities state was an extortion ring.", "On December 16, 2013, Ostreicher arrived in the United States after 30 months in Bolivia.", "It was unclear how he managed to flee the country.", "Background\n\nPersonal life\nOstreicher was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1959 to David and Violet Ostreicher, both Orthodox Jews.", "He has 2 children and 5 grandchildren.", "Bolivian investment and arrest\nA group of investors, including Ostreicher and Geneva lawyer Andre Zolty, invested at least $25 million in a rice farming project in Bolivia in 2008.", "Zolty stated that the idea originally came from Claudia Liliana Rodriguez who he had worked with in Geneva.", "The investors became concerned with irregularities and suspected that Rodriguez was cheating them.", "Ostreicher was dispatched to Bolivia to handle the situation, and pursued criminal charges against Rodriguez.", "The investors also state that Rodriguez became involved in a romantic and financial relationship with a drug trafficker by the name of Maximiliano Dorado.", "Dorado was arrested in 2010, and was imprisoned in Brazil.", "On June 4, 2011, after an initial investigation, Ostreicher was arrested for suspicion of money laundering and criminal organization.", "The prosecutors also claimed that one of the investors, Andre Zolty, was under investigation in Switzerland, however, the Swiss authorities have denied this.", "Rodriguez has also been arrested.", "Ostreicher was imprisoned at Palmasola prison.", "Ostreicher was brought before a judge who after several hearings ordered for him to be released on September 23, 2011.", "However the judge reversed his decision a week later.", "A month later the judge was promoted and a new judge was assigned to the case.", "Following several postponements, the second judge recused himself from the case; no other judge had yet to be assigned.", "A marriage certificate showing Ostreicher was married in Bolivia was entered into evidence during the September 23 hearing.", "Ostreicher denied that he was married to a Bolivian.", "Ostreicher was visited by actor Sean Penn on October 31, 2012.", "Bolivian law allows for imprisonment without charge for 18 months during the investigative phase.", "Since Ostreicher was arrested in early June 2011, the 18-month mark occurred in early December 2012.", "Ostreicher appeared in a hearing on Tuesday, December 11, and the judge ordered that the case be sent back to the lower court.", "Actor Penn was present at the hearing.", "On December 18, Ostreicher was released from prison on $14,000 bail and was placed under house arrest.", "Government extortion ring\nFifteen people, including prosecutors, government officials, and the judge who originally had Ostreicher imprisoned, were arrested in what authorities say was an extortion ring.", "They include:\n\n Gustavo Dagner Cespedes Rosales - arrested on 11/27/2012.", "Minister of Government's Representative in Santa Cruz.", "Fernando Rivera Tardio - arrested on 11/28/2012.", "Judicial Counsel for the Minister of Government.", "One of the ring leaders of \"The Red\".", "Attended most of Jacob Ostreicher's hearings and threatened judges openly with arrest if they were to release Jacob.", "Denis Efrain Rodas Limachi – arrested on 11/29/2012.", "Worked together with Fernando Rivera Tardio.", "Jose Manuel Antezana Pinaya – arrested on 11/26/2012.", "Worked in the office of the Ministry of Presidency.", "Roberto Isabelino Gomez Cervero - arrested on 12/3/2012.", "Former District Attorney of Santa Cruz Bolivia.", "Miguel Alberto Gutierrez Soliz - arrested on 12/3/2012.", "Lawyer for DIRCABI (Government Division in charge of confiscated goods).", "Mosies Aguilera Lopez - arrested on 12/11/2012.", "Administrator of DIRCABI.", "Janet Velarde Luna - arrested on 12/8/2012.", "Lead Prosecutor in Ostreicher case until she requested transfer to another division in 2013.", "Roberto Acha Arandia - arrested on 12/20/2012.", "Prosecutor in tandem with Janet Velarde Luna (was removed in 2013 after a DUI).", "Cori Balcaza De Acha - arrested on 12/20/2012.", "Wife of Roberto Acha, implicated in extortion.", "Boris Villegas Rocabado - arrested on 12/11/12.", "Head of Internal Affairs.", "Ramiro Ordonez Lopez – arrested.", "Franklin Pedraza Suarez – under house arrest.", "Employee of DIRCABI.", "Ariel Rocha – arrest warrant issued on 12/19/2012.", "Fled the country.", "Public campaigns\n\nRally\nA rally was held for Ostreicher in front of the Bolivian Mission in New York City on May 3, 2012.", "The rally was arranged by Brooklyn Assemblyman Dov Hikind.", "White House petition\nOn May 3, 2012, supporters of Ostreicher initiated an online petition on the White House We the People website requesting the Obama Administration to assist in the effort to free Jacob.", "As of December 2, 2019, 35,958 people signed the petition.", "A total of 25,000 signatures were needed by June 2, 2012, in order to submit the petition to the White House; this requirement was met.", "Congressional hearings\nRepresentative Chris Smith (R-NJ) held a hearing in the Congress on June 6, 2012, to investigate the role that the United States Department of State has played in helping free Jacob from Bolivia.", "Hearings were also held on August 1, 2012, and May 20, 2013.", "Return to United States\nOn December 16, 2013, Ostreicher arrived in the US after 30 months in Bolivia.", "He was reported to be in an undisclosed location with Sean Penn and receiving medical attention.", "It was unclear how he had fled the country.", "In May 2014 Ostreicher revealed that after his release, Penn had personally nursed him back to mental and physical health at the latter's home.", "References\n\nSources\n\nExternal links\nWhite House petition to help free Ostreicher\n\n1959 births\nLiving people\nAmerican investors\nAmerican Orthodox Jews\nAmerican people imprisoned abroad\nBusinesspeople from New York City\nPeople from Brooklyn\nPrisoners and detainees of Bolivia" ]

[ "Jacob Ostreicher was born in 1959 and is an American businessman and investor.", "He was jailed for 18 months on suspicion of money-laundering after he was arrested in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, while overseeing a rice growing agricultural venture that he had invested in.", "Ostreicher maintained his innocence and stated that the allegations by the Bolivian government were a scam of the century.", "His family and friends started a public effort to get his release, and actor-activist Sean Penn pledged to work for his release.", "On December 18, 2012 Ostreicher was released from prison and placed under house arrest.", "The officials were arrested for being part of an extortion ring.", "Ostreicher arrived in the United States after 30 months.", "It wasn't clear how he escaped the country.", "The personal life of Ostreicher began when he was a child in Brooklyn, New York.", "He has a large family with 2 children and 5 grandchildren.", "A group of investors, including Ostreicher and Zolty, invested at least $25 million in a rice farming project in Bolivia in 2008.", "Zolty stated that the idea came from someone he had worked with.", "The investors suspected that Rodriguez was cheating them.", "The criminal charges against Rodriguez were pursued by Ostreicher.", "Rodriguez was involved in a romantic and financial relationship with a drug trafficker, according to the investors.", "He was imprisoned in Brazil after being arrested.", "After an initial investigation, Ostreicher was arrested for suspicion of money-laundering and criminal organization.", "The Swiss authorities have denied that one of the investors is under investigation.", "Rodriguez was also arrested.", "At Palmasola prison, Ostreicher was imprisoned.", "After several hearings, a judge ordered the release of Ostreicher on September 23, 2011.", "The judge reversed his decision a week later.", "A new judge was assigned to the case after the judge was promoted.", "The second judge withdrew from the case after several postponements.", "During the September 23 hearing, a marriage certificate was entered into evidence.", "He denied that he was married to someone else.", "Sean Penn visited Ostreicher on October 31, 2012", "During the investigative phase, the law allows for imprisonment without charge for 18 months.", "In early December 2012 the 18-month mark was reached.", "The case was sent back to the lower court after a hearing on Tuesday, December 11.", "Penn was at the hearing.", "On December 18, the man was released from prison and placed under house arrest.", "Fifteen people, including prosecutors, government officials, and the judge who originally imprisoned Ostreicher, were arrested in a government extortion ring.", "They include a man who was arrested on 11/27/2012.", "The Minister of Government's Representative is in Santa Cruz.", "Fernando Rivera Tardio was arrested.", "There is a Judicial Counsel for the Minister of Government.", "A leader of \"The Red\".", "Judges were threatened with arrest if they were to release Jacob.", "The man was arrested on 11/29/2012.", "They worked with Fernando Rivera Tardio.", "The man was arrested on 11/26/2012.", "The office of the Ministry of Presidency was where I worked.", "Roberto Isabelino Gomez Cervero was arrested.", "There was a former District Attorney in Santa Cruz.", "The man was arrested on 12/3/2012.", "The DIRCABI is in charge of seized goods.", "Mosies Aguilera Lopez was arrested.", "The administrator of DIRCABI.", "On December 8, 2012 Janet Velarde Luna was arrested.", "The lead prosecutor in the case requested to be transferred.", "Roberto Acha Arandia was arrested.", "The prosecutor was removed after a drunk driving conviction.", "Cori Balcaza De Acha was arrested.", "The wife of Roberto Acha was implicated in extortion.", "Boris Villegas Rocabado was arrested.", "The head of internal affairs.", "Ramiro Ordonez Lopez was arrested.", "Franklin Pedraza is under house arrest.", "An employee of DIRCABI.", "An arrest warrant was issued for Rocha.", "Fled the country.", "On May 3, 2012 a public campaign rally was held in front of the Bolivian Mission in New York City.", "Brooklyn Assemblyman Dov Hikind arranged the rally.", "The petition on the White House We the People website was started by supporters of Jacob.", "35,958 people signed the petition.", "The petition needed 25,000 signatures to be submitted to the White House, but this requirement was met.", "On June 6, 2012 Representative Chris Smith (R-NJ) held a hearing in the Congress to investigate the role that the United States Department of State has played in helping free Jacob from Bolivia.", "Hearings were held on August 1, 2012 and May 20, 2013).", "Ostreicher returned to the US after 30 months in Bolivia.", "He was receiving medical attention after being in an undisclosed location with Sean Penn.", "It was not known how he left the country.", "Penn personally nursed him back to mental and physical health after he was released.", "There are links to the White House petition to help free Ostreicher." ]

[ "Jacob Ostreicher", "Ostreicher", "Violet Ostreicher", "Jacob Osticher", "Jacob", "Jacob", "Jacob" ]

[ "Jacob Ostreicher", "Jacob", "Jacob", "Jacob" ]

[ "Brian M. McLaughlin is a former American Democratic politician and labor leader from Flushing, Queens.", "McLaughlin was a New York Assemblyman elected in 1992 to represent the 25th district in New York City.", "He was also elected, in June 1995, as the President of the Council on New York Labor.", "McLaughlin was arrested October 17, 2006, on charges of stealing more than $2 million from the State of New York and labor unions.", "After his arrest, he announced that he would not run for re-election, and left office at the end of 2006.", "In March 2008, McLaughlin pleaded guilty to charges of racketeering and embezzlement.", "On May 20, 2009, he was found guilty of these charges and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment.", "Early life and family\nMcLaughlin was born in Inwood, Manhattan, New York, and grew up in Queens.", "His family moved to Brentwood, Long Island, when he was 10.", "His paternal grandfather, Miles McLaughlin, an electrician, was an immigrant from County Cavan, Ireland.", "McLaughlin's father was also an electrician, who worked for years as chief electrician at The New York Times.", "His mother held jobs at General Motors and Gertz department stores.", "None of his family went to college.", "Both McLaughlin's father and his paternal grandfather were union activists; Miles McLaughlin sat on labor leader Harry Van Arsdale's \"Committee of 100.\"", "In his high school yearbook, McLaughlin's stated career ambition was practical: electrician.", "He later dropped out of Bridgeport University and did become an electrician.", "Career\n\nElectrician work and higher education\nMcLaughlin started his career as a journeyman electrician.", "He belonged to Local 3 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and was one of the union's business representatives.", "At a union meeting, he met labor leader Harry Van Arsdale, Jr., head of the CLC, who would become his mentor.", "Van Arsdale also came out of Local 3 of the IBEW, which was \"long the most politically active building trades union in New York\".", "Mr. Van Arsdale convinced McLaughlin that a job as a unionized electrician and a college degree were not incompatible, and persuaded him to attend night school.", "While McLaughlin was working as an electrician, he attended the Empire State College of the State University of New York and eventually graduated with a B.S.", "He also attended the New York Institute of Technology, where he earned a master's degree in Industrial Labor Relations.", "He later said that at this time he also worked on honing his leadership qualities.", "According to The New York Times, Van Arsdale \"tutored Mr. McLaughlin on the ins and outs of labor politics and electoral politics.\"", "In 1981, Van Arsdale \"gave the ambitious young electrician a huge responsibility – to organize the first Labor Day Parade in the city in decades.\"", "Eventually McLaughlin left his electrician job and went to work for the CLC.", "Politics\nIn 2003, McLaughlin was quoted about his happenstance of being a politician, saying he entered \"politics quite by accident...", "I don't particularly like politics, and I have no ego for it, quite frankly...", "I guess all of us would say it's disproportionately influenced by money.", "But in the end, it's a process where you have a limited opportunity to champion and better the situation of the people who elected you.", "And if you don't have determination, it's an unfriendly process.\"", "Democratic district leader\nMcLaughlin, according to the New York Times, \"was drafted into running for Democratic district leader in 1986 with the Queens Democratic Party in disrepair after the suicide of Donald R. Manes; he won by 86 votes.\"", "New York State Assembly\nIn 1992, McLaughlin was elected to the New York State Assembly from the 25th Assembly District, which covers a portion of eastern Queens.", "He served as Chairman of the Democratic Conference and also sat on the influential Ways and Means Committee.", "While in the Assembly, he was author of the Sharps Bill, designed to prevent workplace injuries in the health-care industry.", "McLaughlin was remembered as \"not a particularly high-profile legislator; most of his influence was exerted as a union chief.\"", "A February 2002 report noted that St. Ann's Athletic Association in Flushing had received $4,000 from McLaughlin for uniforms, equipment, and facilities, an appropriation he had introduced into the 1999 state budget.", "McLaughlin stated, \"Studies have shown that when kids play sports they are less likely to use drugs and get in trouble, and they are more likely to stay in school.\"", "Mayoral ambitions\nIn 2003, there was speculation of a possible McLaughlin run for the New York mayor's office in the 2005 election.", "By October 2003, he had raised over $1 million of campaign funds for a possible run.", "Labor Council\nDuring McLaughlin's tenure at the Council on New York City Labor, he served as the assistant to the son of the first president of the organization, Thomas Van Arsdale.", "In 1986, Van Arsdale's father, Harry Van Arsdale, Jr., died, and he assumed his father's position in the organization as president.", "The Labor Council today reigns as the largest municipal labor council in the country, a federation with 400 union locals and over 1 million members.", "In June 1995, McLaughlin succeeded Van Arsdale as the president of the CLC in a landslide election; Thomas Van Arsdale floundered in the position and McLaughlin was charged with re-energizing the council.", "The Labor Council represents laborers from a wide range of industries and enterprises.", "The union locals that belong to the organization \"represent workers ranging from public school teachers to crane operators to employees at the Bronx Zoo, The council's main responsibilities are coordinating the various unions' political activities and placing labor's overall weight behind individual unions during organizing drives and strikes.\"", "McLaughlin is also recognized for a number of achievements during his tenure at the CLC.", "He \"was among the most influential labor leaders in New York City and in the state, providing pivotal early support for Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's re-election and supporting the failed effort to build a football stadium on the Far West Side of Manhattan.", "He led the fight to keep Wal-Mart out of the city and lent strong support to transit workers\" during a 2005 strike.", "McLaughlin had also been courted by not just the mayor, but also bishops, corporate CEOs and real estate magnates, thus emerging \"as a major player in some of the biggest municipal battles\" of 2006, \"including the transit strike and the West Side stadium fight.\"", "As head of the Labor Council, McLaughlin led the annual Labor Day Parade.", "In 2001, he praised the selection of United Federation of Teachers President Randi Weingarten as grand marshal of that year's parade.", "\"Throughout the years, labor has focused on certain issues - the eight-hour workday, a livable minimum wage, the protection of Social Security.", "This year our attention will be on the need for quality public schools... Randi Weingarten has not only been an outstanding labor leader in this city.", "In a time where [sic] teacher bashing and finger-pointing, she has been a beacon in fighting for teachers and students.\"", "On October 4, 2003, as New York chairman of the Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride, McLaughlin presided over a rally of 100,000 immigrants and their supporters at Flushing Meadows-Corona Park and spoke up for illegal-immigrant workers: \"The labor movement is well placed to redefine itself around the needs of those who most need a labor union.\"", "In 2004, McLaughlin protested Mayor Bloomberg's fiscal austerity, saying, \"Now is the time to invest in our public employees who have not let us down... Years of privatization and productivity schemes from City Hall have gotten us nowhere.\"", "In 2006, after McLaughlin's indictment, he was defended for his accomplishments; labor leaders \"credited him with reinvigorating the Central Labor Council in a city where unions were once far more powerful.\"", "One of the many local labor leaders to praise McLaughlin during his indictment, was most notably Randi Weingarten, President of the United Federation of Teachers: \"Brian took over the Central Labor Council when it was at its lowest point in terms of power, prestige and stature and made it into an important institution again... One of his big strengths is that even if you're in a fight that's unpopular, he'll stand with you.\"", "Moskowitz hearings on UFT contracts\nIn December 2003, it was understood that New York City Councilwoman Eva Moskowitz had \"garnered the undisguised ire of Randi Weingarten, the powerful head of the U.F.T., and Brian McLaughlin\" by \"publicly airing the work rules that many education reformers have criticized for years.\"", "When Moskowitz held hearings in November 2003 \"on how union contracts imposed inane work rules on public schools and made it nearly impossible for principals to fire bad teachers,\" she \"went toe to toe\" with Weingarten, who arranged to have McLaughlin, a longtime friend and ally, at her side during the confrontation.", "McLaughlin, who had opposed the hearings, said that he was there \"to remind the city council members that the entire labor movement in the city is watching them.\"", "Influenced by McLaughlin's presence, then City Councilman Bill de Blasio, a strong labor supporter who would later become mayor, \"did what he could to distance himself from Moskowitz during the hearing.\"", "The New York Daily News stated in an issue of November 2003, \"McLaughlin did not testify.", "But with 1.5 million members in his labor council - many of them active, Democratic voters - he didn't have to.", "McLaughlin's show of political muscle demonstrated how unnerved the unions are by the hearings.\"", "In November, 2003, McLaughlin gave a speech at Queens College criticizing Moskowitz's hearings.", "He accused Gifford Miller, the City Council Speaker, of making \"--referencing to Eve Moskowitz--at the expense of the careers of \"over 100,000 workers\"—referencing New York public school teachers—who \"were ridiculed in the process.\"", "McLaughlin, stating that labor had \"built our city,\" simply saying that it was time \"to get tough and play offense.\"", "A local newspaper, attempting to make sense of the speech, stated: \"Clearly, here was the labor candidate denouncing the anti-labor candidate in no uncertain terms in what will be recalled as the day the race for the 2005 Democratic mayoral primary got off the mark.\"", "Other activism\nMcLaughlin was part of a coalition urging the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation to commit $1 billion in post-9/11 federal funding to the Liberty Jobs plan.", "He led the 2003 Labor for Democracy campaign in reaction to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's effort to increase voter participation by replacing the 2003 party primaries with a charter referendum proposal.", "\"If not the labor movement,\" he said, \"then who is going to stand up and speak out for the working people?", "Sure, I'm looking cynically at the mayor's proposal; this smells of politics.", "What's broken?", "What's he trying to fix?", "The medicine we're trying to give the patient is not what the doctor prescribed.", "It imperils democracy.\"", "McLaughlin, in collaboration with Randi Weingarten, Rev.", "Al Sharpton and others, was part of a coalition that organized a march against police brutality.", "In 2003, he started, as the New York chairman of the Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride, a campaign which called for \"a road to citizenship, the reunification of families, a voice and dignity in the workplace, and the civil rights of all people.\"", "At the 2004 Republican National Convention, he worked with convention organizers to negotiate no-strike labor agreements, in order to secure the convention's venue in New York.", "However, during the convention, he organized a rally of unionists from a wide variety of trades to protest certain Bush Administration labor policies.", "Indictment, trial and imprisonment\n\nIndictment\nIn March 2006, the FBI raided McLaughlin's offices, making public the fact that he was being investigated.", "In October 2006, McLaughlin was indicted on 44 federal counts, including racketeering, money laundering, bank and mail fraud, labor bribery, and embezzlement.", "He was placed under arrest.", "\"He was accused of stealing from virtually every organization with which he was involved,\" said the New York Post.", "At the news conference announcing the 186-page indictment, Michael J. Garcia, the United States Attorney for Manhattan, described the extent of McLaughlin's alleged financial misdeeds as \"stunning in its breadth and scope,\" and said, \"This case lends a new meaning to the term 'hand in the till'... \"What we have here is really a story of greed.\"", "The New York Times reported that McLaughlin had legally made \"$263,600 in combined salaries and expenses as an assemblyman and labor council president.\"", "The Times further described the charges as \"ranging from the Dickensian (stealing $95,000 from Little League baseball teams to pay his rent) to the brazen (creating two no-show jobs on his legislative payroll and keeping part of one salary).\"", "Labor experts expressed shock when hearing of the charges brought to McLaughlin.", "Labor historian Joshua Freeman, of the City University of New York, said, \"If these charges prove true, it's certainly a blot on the union movement.\"", "According to the charges, McLaughlin had stolen \"more than $2.2 million from the state, his union, his political club, his campaign and a Little League.\"", "The Little League team in question, from which McLaughlin had allegedly skimmed $95,000, was run by the Electchester Athletic Association.", "McLaughlin had reportedly \"solicited donations for the team, which he founded, then took the money after it was deposited in one of the organization's bank accounts.\"", "According to the indictment, McLaughlin became furious \"when he learned a team official tried to use $2,800 to pay for legitimate softball expenses,\" saying: \"All that f-----g money he's f-----g spending on other stuff, that ain't his money... That's mine.\"", "The indictment also alleged that McLaughlin got the United Way charity to fund a Commission on the Dignity of Immigrants program.", "It was reported that McLaughlin \"put a relative in charge who funneled his $94,000 salary back to him.\"", "The indictment charged that McLaughlin \"took more than $140,000 from the street lights division of Local 3 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, for which he served as business representative,\" plus \"$185,000 from the Central Labor Council, more than $35,000 from the State Assembly, and more than $330,000 from his own re-election committee.\"", "Moreover, it charged that \"he illegally received more than $1.4 million from street-lighting contractors and other companies and that the lighting contractors gave him three cars — one of which he gave to his son and another to a second woman with whom he had a close personal relationship.\"", "The indictment also charged that McLaughlin had \"used subordinates as 'personal servants,' to take his dog to the veterinarian, hang Christmas lights, trap rodents in his basement and clean out his barn.\"", "He was \"also charged with making an aide use his E-ZPass at tollbooths to make it appear that he had returned home from Albany later than he really had, allowing him to bill for daily allowances given to legislators.\"", "Moreover, he was \"accused of using more than $330,000 from his re-election campaign funds to pay for personal expenses like a rehearsal dinner for his son's wedding, renovation of his $760,000 house in Suffolk County near Long Island Sound, payment of his country club membership fees and the purchase and installation of a plasma television for a female friend.\"", "In addition, McLaughlin was \"charged with using stolen money for an $80,000 Mercedes-Benz for his wife, marina fees, school tuition for one of his children, rent payments on his Albany residence and rent payments on his Queens residence.\"", "McLaughlin was also charged with accepting $450,000 in payments from Argent Electric, owned by former New York City Mayor Abe Beame's son, Bernard \"Buddy\" Beame, as part of a secret partnership dating back to 1999, when the city decided to switch from regular traffic lights to light-emitting diodes (LEDs).", "Argent sought the contract to provide the LEDs; McLaughlin, who as head of the CLC represented electrical workers, \"could have failed to provide the number of electrical workers needed, or send people who weren't skilled,\" thereby sabotaging the contract.", "Beame \"paid him to prevent that.\"", "In return for efforts by McLaughlin and an associate at the CLC on Argent's behalf, including pressuring contractors to buy LED units from a firm represented by Argent and encouraging contractors and CLC members to buy Argent products, Beame gave McLaughlin and his associate half of Argent's profits.", "The indictment also accused McLaughlin of using the Street Lighting Association fund \"as his personal piggy bank, routinely diverting money earmarked for union members to himself, relatives and close friends.\"", "Post-indictment\nAccording to federal authorities, most of the money McLaughlin stole reportedly \"went to turn McLaughlin's home in tony Nissequogue, L.I., into a mansion, complete with wine cellar and gazebo.\"", "Some of his ill-gotten gains \"funded... 'personal relationships' with a number of women.\"", "One of these women, Eleanore Levitas, was allegedly paid sizable sums in 2000 \"for 'consulting services' to McLaughlin's re-election campaign committee,\" was put on the CLC payroll, and was given \"a no-show job with a street-light contractor.\"", "Levitas \"angrily denied\" the charges involving her, describing herself as a victim of McLaughlin, but her step-uncle, Demetrius Pabers, told a reporter that McLaughlin had picked her up in a strip club in Queens, where she was stripping at the time, had showered her with money, and had given her a no-show job.", "She insisted that it had been a real job.", "\"What upsets me is I look like his partner in crime.", "I'm nothing close to that.\"", "Another one of the women whom McLaughlin had allegedly showered with gifts and cash was reported to be Sonia Menezes, \"an attractive beauty-spa operator with whom he carried on a long-term relationship.\"", "McLaughlin, represented by Jonathan Bach, pleaded not guilty at his arraignment in Federal District Court in Manhattan before Magistrate Judge James C. Francis IV.", "It was noted that McLaughlin could face up to 500 years in prison if convicted of all charges.", "After learning of the indictment, UFT president Randi Weingarten, a longtime friend and ally of McLaughlin, told the New York Times, \"I've been walking around all day stunned.\"", "...", "It's like when you hear someone you're close to has suddenly died.", "But nobody wants to jump to any conclusions.\"", "Weingarten suggested that perhaps the FBI had conducted the raid on McLaughlin's office as a means of pressuring him to provide evidence against others.", "She said that she had just lunched with McLaughlin on the previous Wednesday and \"was shocked to learn of the allegations...", "I don't think any of us know enough to judge anything today, other than that our hearts go out to Brian and his family.\"", "Following the news of the indictment, the CLC's 32-member executive board voted unanimously to suspend salary payments to McLaughlin, who at the time was on a paid leave of absence.", "Weingarten, a member of the board, only said that the vote \"speaks for itself.\"", "Shortly after McLaughlin's arrest, he was reportedly described by his staffers as \"the cheapest boss on two feet,\" who had \"refused to pay Christmas bonuses and argued over paying a staffer's health insurance.\"", "In addition, he had compelled union workers to serve as his personal drivers.", "One McLaughlin staffer said, \"McLaughlin never should have been allowed by a state ethics panel to simultaneously run a union and serve as state Assemblyman...", "In some twisted way, he thought it was OK.\"\n\nIn November 2006, McLaughlin was removed from his post as CLC president.", "He had already announced in January 2006 that he would not be running for re-election to the New York State Assembly.", "In August 2007, it was reported that McLaughlin, who was out on bail pending trial, had been \"last spotted a few months ago working as an electrician again for the first time in a quarter-century - this time making $46 an hour at an apartment house under construction on Manhattan's West Side.\"", "He was quoted as saying, \"I'm back at work because I need to work.\"", "Trial\nIn March 2008, McLaughlin entered a plea of guilty in exchange for a reduced potential sentence.", "Asked her opinion of this development, UFT president Randi Weingarten said, \"Brian McLaughlin was a colleague and a close friend... this is a sad day for him, his family, and the labor movement.\"", "At his trial in Federal District Court in Manhattan, prosecutors \"charged that Mr. McLaughlin had misappropriated more than $330,000 from his own re-election committee; $185,000 from the New York City Central Labor Council, which he led; and more than $35,000 from the State Assembly.", "They said he had created fictitious jobs within the labor council and on his own legislative staff, and took kickbacks from the jobholders.\"", "After McLaughlin was found guilty in May 2009, federal prosecutor Daniel A. Braun asked for leniency, saying he had provided substantial assistance to the government.", "McLaughlin's lawyer, Michael F. Armstrong, said, \"This is someone who at core is a good person who went terribly wrong, and who realizes that, and realizes it fully.\"", "McLaughlin apologized to the judge for his \"improper conduct and criminal activity,\" saying that he made no excuses for it, but adding, \"over the last three, three and a half years, I've had the opportunity to live the way I'd like to live my life.\"", "The New York Times described this as \"an apparent reference to steps he has taken toward rehabilitation like attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, as well as cooperating with the government.\"", "Judge Richard J. Sullivan, however, rejected requests for leniency, and sentenced McLaughlin to ten years in prison and a $25,000 fine.", "\"You had every opportunity,\" said Sullivan, \"and you used those opportunities and squandered them for your own benefit on a monumental scale.\"", "The prosecution's request for leniency was reportedly based on the fact that McLaughlin had aided in the investigation of other public officials who had committed crimes, such as fellow Assemblyman Anthony S. Seminerio, but Sullivan said McLaughlin's betrayal of public trust \"outweighed any assistance he had given.\"", "Noting his receipt of dozens of letters supporting McLaughlin, including one from AFL-CIO president John Sweeney citing McLaughlin's \"long record of service to the working men and women of New York City,\" Sullivan said that the portrait of McLaughlin painted by Sweeney and others did not jibe with the picture that emerged from courtroom evidence of \"a man who so abused the trust of institutions and people who depended on him that it sort of staggers the mind.\"", "Sullivan added that McLaughlin's actions confirmed \"the harshest critics of organized labor who accuse the leadership of corruption, and point to you as an example of that corruption.\"", "Sullivan ordered McLaughlin, who remained free on bond, to surrender on July 21.", "Post-trial\nIn July 2009, electrical contractor Santo Petrocelli, Sr., of the Petrocelli Electric Company, pleaded guilty to making thousands of dollars in illegal payments to McLaughlin at the latter's request.", "Petrocelli said he had made the payments to avoid a worker slowdown.", "McLaughlin \"controlled all the labor,\" Petrocelli said.", "\"We certainly didn't want any problems with the local.\"", "The relationship between McLaughlin and Petrocelli, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office in Manhattan, had lasted from the mid-1990s through 2006, and had involved hundreds of thousands of dollars in cash payments, in return for which McLaughlin had used his position to benefit Petrocelli's business.", "As of August, 2011, it was reported that McLaughlin \"promised to pay back everybody he stole from...", "Yet none of his victims - who are owed more than $845,000 - have been repaid.\"", "The sum included $90,085 owed to the Electchester Athletic Association's Little League team.", "He also owed $276,383 to the electrical workers' union, $268,821 to the NY Central Labor Council, $32,274 to the state Assembly, $19,475 to a Queens political club and $153,939 to Welsbach Electric of College Point.", "He had sold his Nissequogue, L.I.", "home for $652,000 and sold his $80,000 Mercedes, and in March 2010 had delivered a \"$457,253 check to prosecutors with the expenditure marked 'preliminary order of forfeiture'\"; yet as of August 2011 still had \"more than $285,000 in the campaign war chest - sitting in a tax-free bond account earning interest.\"", "Alleged paramours\nThere were multiple implications and testimonies of McLaughlin's extra-marital engagements with multiple women.", "The most notable were New York City Councilwoman Elizabeth Crowley, Eleanore Levitas (an alleged stripper who took a \"no-show\" job for a paycheck),\n\nAwards\n\nMcLaughlin won the Labor Achievement Award, presented by New Democratic Dimensions.", "Personal life\n\nBrian McLaughlin and his wife Eva have five children: Brian, Kelly, Robert, Cassie, and Meaghan McLaughlin.", "At the time of his indictment, he had an apartment in Queens; a house in Nissequogue, New York, purchased in 2003 for $760,000; a home in Melbourne Beach, Florida, bought for $81,000 in 1999, and a residence in Albany, New York.", "References\n\nExternal links\nA Lawmaker's Greed\nFormer NY legislator sentenced to 10 years\nNew York City Central Labor Council\nNew York State Assembly official member website\nMcLaughlin Pleads Not Guilty To Federal Racketeering Charges\nDirty Cash of Pol-Looter\n\n1952 births\nLiving people\nMembers of the New York State Assembly\nNew York (state) Democrats\nPeople from Queens, New York\nAmerican politicians convicted of fraud\nNew York (state) politicians convicted of crimes\nNew York Institute of Technology alumni\nPeople from Melbourne Beach, Florida\nPeople from Inwood, Manhattan\nPeople from Brentwood, New York" ]

[ "Brian M. McLaughlin was a labor leader in Queens.", "McLaughlin was elected to represent the 25th district in New York City in 1992.", "The President of the Council on New York Labor was elected in 1995.", "McLaughlin was charged with stealing more than $2 million from the State of New York and labor unions.", "He left office at the end of 2006 after announcing that he wouldn't run for re-election.", "McLaughlin pleaded guilty to charges in March of 2008.", "He was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment after being found guilty of these charges.", "McLaughlin was born in New York and grew up in Queens.", "When he was 10, his family moved to Long Island.", "His paternal grandfather, Miles McLaughlin, was an electrician.", "McLaughlin's father was an electrician for many years at The New York Times.", "His mother worked at Gertz department stores.", "His family did not attend college.", "Both McLaughlin's father and his paternal grandfather were union activists.", "McLaughlin stated in his high school book that he wanted to be an electrician.", "He became an electrician after dropping out of university.", "McLaughlin started his career as an electrician.", "He was a business representative for the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.", "He met Harry Van Arsdale, Jr., head of the CLC, at a union meeting.", "The most politically active building trades union in New York was Local 3 of the IBEW.", "McLaughlin was persuaded to attend night school by Mr. Van Arsdale, who convinced him that a job as a unionized electrician and a college degree were not incompatible.", "While working as an electrician, McLaughlin attended the Empire State College of the State University of New York and graduated with a B.S.", "He received a master's degree in Industrial Labor Relations from the New York Institute of Technology.", "He said that he worked on honing his leadership qualities.", "According to The New York Times, Van Arsdale taught Mr. McLaughlin about labor politics and electoral politics.", "In 1981 Van Arsdale gave the electrician a huge responsibility to organize the first Labor Day Parade in the city in decades.", "McLaughlin went to work for the CLC after leaving his job as an electrician.", "McLaughlin said in 2003 that he entered politics by accident.", "I don't like politics and I don't have an ego for it.", "It's disproportionately influenced by money.", "It's a process where you don't have a lot of time to help the people who elected you.", "It's an unfriendly process if you don't have determination.", "According to the New York Times, McLaughlin ran for district leader of the Queens Democratic Party in 1986 and won by 86 votes.", "McLaughlin was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1992 from the 25th Assembly District.", "He was a member of the Ways and Means Committee.", "The Sharps Bill was designed to prevent workplace injuries in the health-care industry.", "Most of McLaughlin's influence was as a union chief.", "According to a February 2002 report, St. Ann's Athletic Association received $4,000 from McLaughlin for uniforms, equipment, and facilities, an appropriation he had introduced into the 1999 state budget.", "According to McLaughlin, studies show that kids who play sports are less likely to use drugs and stay in school.", "McLaughlin was rumored to run for the New York mayor's office in the 2005 election.", "He had raised over a million dollars for a possible run.", "McLaughlin was the assistant to the son of the first president of the Council on New York City Labor.", "Van Arsdale assumed his father's position as president in 1986 after his father died.", "The Labor Council is the largest municipal labor council in the country with over 1 million members and 400 union locals.", "McLaughlin succeeded Van Arsdale as the president of the CLC in a landslide election in June 1995 and was charged with re-energizing the council.", "A wide range of industries and enterprises are represented by the Labor Council.", "The council's main responsibilities are coordinating the various unions' political activities and placing labor's overall weight behind individual unions during organizing drives and strikes.", "McLaughlin has been recognized for a number of achievements.", "He was one of the most influential labor leaders in New York City and in the state. He supported the failed effort to build a football stadium on the Far West Side of Manhattan.", "He was the leader of the fight to keep Wal-Mart out of the city.", "McLaughlin emerged as a major player in some of the biggest municipal battles of the year, including the transit strike and the West Side stadium fight, because he was courted by not just the mayor, but also bishops, corporate CEOs and real estate magnates.", "McLaughlin was the head of the Labor Council.", "He praised the selection of Randi Weingarten as grand marshal of the 2001 parade.", "The eight-hour workday, a livable minimum wage, and the protection of Social Security are some of the issues that labor has focused on.", "Randi Weingarten has been an outstanding labor leader in this city.", "She has been a beacon in fighting for teachers and students.", "McLaughlin was the New York chairman of the Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride when he spoke up for illegal immigrants.", "McLaughlin protested fiscal austerity in 2004, saying, \"Now is the time to invest in our public employees who have not let us down.\"", "After McLaughlin's indictment, labor leaders credited him with revitalizing the Central Labor Council in a city where unions were once more powerful.", "One of the many local labor leaders to praise McLaughlin during his indictment, was most notably Randi Weingarten, President of the United Federation of Teachers: \"Brian took over the Central Labor Council when it was at its lowest point in terms of power, prestige and stature and made it into an", "In December 2003 it was understood that New York City Councilwoman Eva Moskowitz had \"garnered the undisguised ire of Randi Weingarten, the powerful head of the U.F.T., and Brian McLaughlin\" by \"publicly\".", "When Moskowitz held hearings in November 2003 on how union contracts imposed inane work rules on public schools and made it nearly impossible for principals to fire bad teachers, she went toe to toe with Weingarten, who arranged to have McLaughlin.", "McLaughlin said that he was there to remind the city council members that the labor movement in the city is watching them.", "Influenced by McLaughlin's presence, then City Councilman Bill de Blasio, a strong labor supporter who would later become mayor, did what he could to distance himself from Moskowitz during the hearing.", "McLaughlin did not testify according to the New York Daily News.", "He didn't have to because his labor council has 1.5 million members.", "The unions were unnerved by McLaughlin's show of political muscle.", "McLaughlin criticized the hearings in November of 2003 at Queens College.", "He accused Gifford Miller of making references to Eve Moskowitz at the expense of the careers of 100,000 New York public school teachers.", "McLaughlin said that it was time to get tough and play offense.", "The labor candidate denounced the anti-labor candidate in no uncertain terms in what will be recalled as the day the Democratic mayoral primary got off the mark, according to a local newspaper.", "McLaughlin was part of a coalition urging the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation to commit $1 billion in federal funding to the Liberty Jobs plan.", "He was the leader of the 2003 Labor for Democracy campaign.", "\"If not the labor movement, who is going to speak out for the working people?\" he asked.", "This smells of politics, and I'm looking cynically at the mayor's proposal.", "What is broken?", "He is trying to fix something.", "The medicine we're giving the patient is not what the doctor prescribed.", "It endangers democracy.", "McLaughlin collaborated with Randi Weingarten.", "The march against police brutality was organized by Al Sharpton and others.", "In 2003 he started as the New York chairman of the Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride, a campaign which called for \"a road to citizenship, the reunification of families, a voice and dignity in the workplace, and the civil rights of all people.\"", "In order to get the Republican National Convention in New York, he worked with convention organizers to negotiate no-strike labor agreements.", "During the convention, he organized a rally of unionists from a wide variety of trades to protest certain Bush Administration labor policies.", "The FBI raided McLaughlin's offices in March of 2006 and made public the fact that he was being investigated.", "McLaughlin was indicted in October of 2006 on 44 federal counts.", "He was taken into custody.", "The New York Post said that he was accused of stealing from almost every organization he was involved in.", "The United States Attorney for Manhattan described the extent of McLaughlin's alleged financial misdeeds as \"stunning in its breadth and scope\" at the news conference announcing the indictment.", "The New York Times reported that McLaughlin had made hundreds of thousands of dollars as an assemblyman and labor council president.", "The charges ranged from the Dickensian (stealing $95,000 from Little League baseball teams to pay his rent) to the brazen (creating two no-show jobs on his legislative payroll and keeping part of one salary).", "Labor experts were shocked by the charges brought to McLaughlin.", "If the charges are true, it will be a blow to the union movement.", "McLaughlin stole more than $2.2 million from the state, his union, his political club, and his campaign, according to the charges.", "McLaughlin is accused of skimming $95,000 from a Little League team.", "McLaughlin took the money after it was deposited in one of the organization's bank accounts.", "McLaughlin was angry when he learned a team official tried to use $2,800 to pay for legitimate softball expenses.", "McLaughlin was accused of getting the United Way charity to fund a commission on the dignity of immigrants.", "McLaughlin's relative funneled his $94,000 salary back to him.", "McLaughlin \"took more than $140,000 from the street lights division of Local 3 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, for which he served as business representative,\" according to the indictment.", "He had a close personal relationship with a second woman and gave her two cars, one of which he gave to his son.", "McLaughlin used subordinates as \"personal servants\" to take his dog to the vet, hang Christmas lights in his basement, and clean out his barn, according to the indictment.", "He was charged with making an aide use his E-ZPass at tollbooths to make it appear that he had returned home from Albany later than he really had, allowing him to bill for daily allowances given to legislators.", "He was accused of using more than $330,000 from his re-election campaign funds to pay for personal expenses like a rehearsal dinner for his son's wedding, renovation of his $760,000 house in Suffolk County near Long Island Sound, and payment of his country club membership fees.", "McLaughlin was charged with using stolen money for an $80,000 Mercedes-Benz for his wife, marina fees, school tuition for one of his children, rent payments on his Albany residence and rent payments on his Queens residence.", "McLaughlin was charged with accepting $450,000 in payments from Argent Electric, owned by the son of a former New York City Mayor, as part of a secret partnership dating back to 1999, when the city decided to switch from regular traffic lights to light-emitting diodes.", "McLaughlin could have sabotaged the contract if he failed to provide the number of electrical workers needed or send people who weren't skilled.", "Beame paid him to prevent that.", "McLaughlin and his associate were given half of Argent's profits in return for their efforts on Argent's behalf.", "McLaughlin diverted money earmarked for union members to himself, relatives and close friends, according to the indictment.", "McLaughlin's mansion in Nissequogue, L.I., was turned into a wine cellar and gazebo after he was indicted.", "His ill-gotten gains funded personal relationships with a number of women.", "Eleanore Levitas was paid large sums in 2000 for \"consulting services\" to McLaughlin's re-election campaign committee, was put on the CLC payroll, and was given a no-show job with a street-light contractor.", "Levitas denied the charges, but her step-uncle told a reporter that McLaughlin had picked her up in a strip club and showered her.", "She said it had been a real job.", "I look like his partner in crime.", "I'm not close to that.", "McLaughlin showered one of the women with gifts and cash, and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals", "McLaughlin pleaded not guilty to the charges in federal court in Manhattan.", "McLaughlin could face up to 500 years in prison if convicted of all charges.", "After learning of the indictment, Randi Weingarten, a friend and ally of McLaughlin, told the New York Times, \"I've been walking around all day stunned.\"", "...", "When someone you're close to dies suddenly, it's like that.", "Nobody wants to jump to conclusions.", "Weingarten suggested that the FBI might have gone to McLaughlin's office to get him to provide evidence against others.", "She said that she had just lunched with McLaughlin and was shocked to learn of the allegations.", "Our hearts go out to Brian and his family, we don't know enough to judge anything today.", "McLaughlin was on a paid leave of absence when the CLC's executive board voted to suspend salary payments.", "The vote \"speaks for itself\" according to Weingarten, a member of the board.", "After McLaughlin's arrest, he was described by his staffers as the cheapest boss on two feet, who had refused to pay Christmas bonuses and argued over paying a staffer's health insurance.", "He made union workers serve as his personal drivers.", "McLaughlin shouldn't have been allowed to run a union and serve as a state lawmaker at the same time.", "McLaughlin was removed from his post as CLC president.", "He said in January 2006 that he wouldn't be running for re-election to the New York State Assembly.", "In August 2007, it was reported that McLaughlin, who was out on bail pending trial, had been \"last spotted a few months ago working as an electrician again for the first time in a quarter-century - this time making $46 an hour at an apartment house under construction on Manhattan's West", "He said he was back at work because he needed to.", "McLaughlin entered a guilty plea in exchange for a reduced sentence.", "Randi Weingarten said, \"Brian McLaughlin was a colleague and a close friend, and this is a sad day for him, his family, and the labor movement.\"", "McLaughlin was charged with misappropriating more than $330,000 from his own re-election committee, $185,000 from the New York City Central Labor Council, and more than $35,000 from the State Assembly.", "He created fake jobs within the labor council and took kickbacks from the jobholders.", "After McLaughlin was found guilty, Daniel A. Braun asked for a reduction in his sentence.", "McLaughlin's lawyer said that he is a good person who went terribly wrong and realized it.", "McLaughlin apologized to the judge for his \"improper conduct and criminal activity,\" saying that he made no excuses for it, but adding, \"Over the last three, three and a half years, I've had the opportunity to live the way I'd like to live my life.\"", "According to the New York Times, this is an apparent reference to steps he has taken toward rehabilitation, like attending AA meetings, as well as cooperating with the government.", "McLaughlin was sentenced to ten years in prison and a $25,000 fine by Judge Richard J. Sullivan.", "Sullivan said that you used the opportunities you had and wasted them for your own benefit.", "Sullivan said McLaughlin's betrayal of public trust \"outweighed any assistance he had given.\"", "Sullivan said that the portrait of McLaughlin painted by Sweeney and others did not jibe with the picture he had seen.", "Sullivan said that McLaughlin's actions confirmed the criticism of the leadership of organized labor who accuse them of corruption.", "McLaughlin was ordered to surrender on July 21.", "Santo Petrocelli, Jr., of the Petrocelli Electric Company, pleaded guilty to making thousands of dollars in illegal payments to McLaughlin.", "The payments were made to avoid a worker slowdown.", "McLaughlin was in charge of all the labor, Petrocelli said.", "We didn't want any problems with the local.", "McLaughlin had used his position to benefit Petrocelli's business in exchange for hundreds of thousands of dollars in cash payments, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office in Manhattan.", "McLaughlin promised to pay back all the people he stole from.", "None of his victims have been repaid.", "$90,085 was owed to the Little League team.", "He had debts to the electrical workers' union, the NY Central Labor Council, the state Assembly, a Queens political club, and Welsbach Electric of College Point.", "The Nissequogue, L.I. was sold by him.", "He had a home for $652,000 and sold his $80,000 Mercedes, yet as of August 2011 he still had more than $285,000 in the campaign war chest.", "McLaughlin had extra-marital engagements with multiple women.", "Eleanore Levitas, an alleged stripper who took a \"no-show\" job for a paycheck, was one of the most notable.", "Brian McLaughlin and his wife Eva have five children.", "At the time of his indictment, he owned an apartment in Queens, a house in Nissequogue, New York, a home in Florida, and a residence in Albany, New York.", "A Lawmaker's Greed Former NY legislator sentenced to 10 years New York City Central Labor Council New York State Assembly official member website McLaughlin Pleads Not Guilty to Federal Racketeering Charges" ]

[ "Brian M", ". McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Miles McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Miles McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Manes", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Michael R", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Mayor Bloomberg", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Brian", "Mosko", "Eva Mosko", "Brian McLaughlin", "Mosko", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Mosko", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Moskowitz", "Miller", "Eve Mosko", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Michael R", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Michael J", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Sonia Menezes", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Brian", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Brian McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Michael F", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Brian McLaughlin", "Brian", "Meaghan", "McLaughlin" ]

[ "Brian M", ". McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Miles McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Brian", "Eva Mosko", "Brian McLaughlin", "Mosko", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Moskowitz", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Miller", "Eve Moskowitz", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Brian", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Brian McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "McLaughlin", "Brian McLaughlin" ]

[ "The Maître de Chaource was an unidentified sculptor who worked in the late 15th and early 16th century, in the French town of Chaource.", "While many works are attributed anonymously to him or his atelier, some scholars have identified Jacques Bachot as the artist.", "There is certainly circumstantial evidence which points to Bachot; he was a contemporary of the Maître de Chaource and often worked in the same locations and works by Bachot such as that in the church of Saint-Laurent in Joinville, of which fragments are held in the Joinville Town Hall, show great similarities to the work of the Maître de Chaource.", "In 1992, Heinz-Herman Arnhold wrote that the works of the Maître de Chaource's atelier can be seen from Reims in the north to Ravières in the south and from Langres in the east to Villeneuve-l'Archevêque in the west.", "Context and career\nArnhold's thesis covers that sculpture of Troyes and southern Champagne created between 1480 and 1540 by regional masters, and he states that no other region in France in the time from the late 15th century to the middle of the 16th century has had a richer production of sculptures.", "Sculpture in southern Champagne flourished at a time when the arts in the neighbouring regions of Lorraine, Burgundy and the Île-de-France had already passed their peak and Arnhold concludes that the reasons for this can be found in the economic prosperity of Troyes, the old capital city of the counts of Champagne.", "This prosperity was based partly on Troyes' geographic position, being a transit point both of the trade routes between Northern France and the Netherlands and Southern France and Italy and also on the making and selling of fine cloth throughout Europe.", "It was the church and the monasteries, the nobility, corporations and rich merchant families who undertook most of the commissions, competing by their orders for the religious and artistic improvement of the churches and noble town-palaces, mostly situated in and near Troyes.", "Arnhold writes that the region's sculptors and their workshops, as was the case with painters, created, developed and maintained a regional and iconographical style which persisted until around 1540 and concentrated very much on themes linked to the Passion of Christ such as the \"Pietà\" or \"Vierge de pitié\" and \"Christ de Pitié\".", "The sculptures of 'Ecce Homo', the Entombment of Christ, the Descent from the Cross, but also the Virgin and Child, the Education of Mary as well as different Saints which were venerated in Champagne, are the most important and numerously represented subjects.", "The mood of the Passion is expressed in studies of suffering and sorrow all portrayed with an inordinate feeling of resignation.", "The Master of Chaource, so named because of his magisterial \"Entombment\" in Chaource of 1515, is the region's most important sculptor with a characteristic style which Arnhold explores in the first part of this work.", "He also catalogues 329 works with nearly 400 illustrations thus providing an invaluable resource for those studying the region's 16th century sculpture and he not only makes attributions where possible to the Maître de Chaource but also explores the extent to which the Maître's style influenced other workshops in the region, such the workshop of Saint-Léger, that of the Master of Rigny-le-Ferron and the workshop of Vendeuvre-sur-Barse.", "Arnhold discusses the work of Nicolas Halins for the western facade of Troyes cathedral, and hypothesizes about whether Halins could have been the Maître de Chaource.", "Arnhold also links the two statues of Saint John in the \"Chapelle des Annonciades\" in Langres with the Maître de Chaource.", "The Chaource mise au tombeau or entombment \n\nThis sculpture in the parish church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste in Chaource in the Aube is the work of the sculptor who became known as the \"Maître de Chaource\".", "The composition shows Jesus being laid into His tomb.", "The group includes Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus holding Jesus' body before it is placed in the tomb.", "Also featured are Mary of Clopas, the Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene, St John, Mary Salome and some soldiers/guards.", "The work is thought to have been completed in 1515.", "In the brochure \"Chaource l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste et son patrimoine\", available in the church, with contributions from Roger Barat, Véronique Boucherat, Laurence Hamonière and Jean-Marie-Meignien, and photographs by Dominique Roy.", "reference is made to Jacques Badouin's belief that he recognizes the hand of Jacques Bachot in the work and to perhaps further muddy the waters we are reminded that one of the guards carries an inscription reading \"Mathieu de Tronchoy\".", "The brochure attributes the work to the Maître de Chaource's atelier believing that the various carvings which make up the group showed the involvement of different carvers.", "The church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste contains many treasures apart from the mise au tombeau and many are works from the 16th century.", "These include statues depicting Saint Barbara, Saint Marguerite, Saint Jerome and a detailed altarpiece depicting the \"Passion\" in the \"Chapelle du Paradis\".", "There is also a depiction of Christ carrying the Cross in the \"Chapelle du Porte-Croix\".", "As the church's brochure says: \"Il faut voir ce sépulcre sous diffèrents angles at à toutes les heures du jour pour en apprécier plus complétement les diverses beautés\"\n\nOther works by the Maître de Chaource\n\nThe \"Lamentation\" or \"Déploration\" in Villeneuve-l'Archevêque\n\nThe \"Déploration de Saint-Jean\" in the church of Notre-Dame in Villeneuve-l'Archevêque in Yonne in Burgundy, is a work which has been attributed to the Maître de Chaource.", "The church dates back to the 13th century with changes made in the 15th century.", "This work has been compared to the \" Déplorations\" of the great masters; that by Giotto in Padua, by Fra Angelico at Saint Mark's in Florence, by Botticelli in Florence and in Munich, by Andréa del Sarto in Florence, by Véronèse in Leningrad by Poussin in Munich and in Dublin and by Delacroix\n\nBelow is one of the most famous works depicting the \"Lamentation\", that in Église Sainte-Croix in Kaysersberg, Alsace.", "Arnhold dates the Villeneuve-l'Archevêque work 13 years after the mise au tombeau at Chaource.", "In their study of Troyes sculpture entitled \"La sculpture à Troyes et dans la Champagne méridionale au seizième siècle\" Raymond Koechlin and Jean-J.", "Marquet de Vasselot state that this work stood for many years in the abbey church of Vauluisant and was a gift to the church by the parents of the Abbé Antoine Pierre, the church's abbé from 1502 to 1528.", "They make the attribution to the \"Atelier de la Saint Martha\" which is another name given to the Maître de Chaource's atelier.", "They date the work to 1528.", "The Lamentation or \"Déploration\" in Église Saint-Jean au Marché in Troyes\n\nThis work, showing the Virgin Mary, Saint John and Mary Magdalene grieving over Jesus' body which had just been taken down from the Cross, is located in the Église Saint-Jean au Marché in Troyes.", "Artists of the time wanted to capture the essential tragedy of that moment when those who had been so close to Jesus had to come to terms with his death.", "The \"Lamentation\", attributed by most scholars to the Maître de Chaource, is shown in the gallery at the end of the article.", "The work is in limestone with traces left of polychrome and is thought to date to 1525.", "This dimensions of the work are 0.73 x 1.42 x 0.50 metres.", "Saint John and the Vièrge de Calvaire (The Virgin of the Calvary)\nThe statues of Saint John and the Vièrge de Calvaire in the Saint André church at Saint-André-les-Vergers were carved from wood and then polychromed.", "Some researchers believe the study of Saint John is by the Chaource \"atelier\" rather than by the Maître himself and Jacques Baudoin in his work \"La sculpture flamboyante, Champagne Lorraine\"-see page 137, dates the work as being from 1505 and puts forward the view that the two statues came from the Abbey at Montier-la-Celle where they had been part of a crucifixion group.", "In Saint André's the two figures are placed on either side of a depiction of Christ on the Cross.", "The church is rich in 16th century sculpture and furnishings.", "Outside the church are sculptures of Saint Frobert and Saint André and in the interior, sculptures include a mise au tombeau in bas-relief, a depiction of Nicodemus, another of John the Baptist as well as a \"Christ aux liens et socle\" and a \"Vierge de Pitié\".", "There is also a triptych depicting the crucifixion and the resurrection.", "The \"Vierge de pitié\" in Bayel\n\nThis polychromed statue, as shown above, is located in Saint-Martin's church in Bayel in the Aube and is thought to have been carved in the same era as the Chaource \"mise au tombeau\".", "The work is 0.95 metres high and 1.27 metres long and is carved from limestone then polychromed.", "Originally it was located in the Benedictine priory of Belroy.", "Altarpiece in Marigny-le-Chatel\n\nThe altarpiece in the church of Saint Maurice in Marigny-le-Châtel depicts the six apostles and is attributed to the Maître de Chaource by most scholars.", "The church dates back to the 12th century and was originally called St-Pierre-ès-Liens.", "Statue of Saint Martha in the church of Saint Madelaine in Troyes\nSome art historians have claimed that this statue is a depiction of Mary Magdalene rather than of Saint Martha but a study of what the woman holds in her hands does seem to favour it being of Martha.", "Legend was that after Christ's death, Martha carried out missionary work in the Rhône Valley area and would go about her work carrying amongst other things a pot holding holy water, an aspergillum and a cross.", "In the same church there is a statue of Saint Sébastien which has been attributed by some to the Maître Chaource's atelier.", "In this depiction he wears the collar of the \"Order of Saint Michel\" founded in 1469 by Louis XI.", "In his thesis, Arnhold dates the work as having been executed between 1515 and 1520.", "A photograph of the statue is shown above courtesy Yvette Gauthier.", "Other works possibly by the Maître de Chaource, his atelier or the École de Troyes\n\nWhilst most scholars attribute the above six works to the Maître de Chaource, there are other works of the 16th century and in the Troyes region that some attribute to the Maître de Chaource and others do not.", "Of course the anonymity of the title \"Maître de Chaource\" does not help so it may be better to put these under the name \"The École de Troyes\" or the \"École du Maître de Chaource\"\n\nThe work \"Ecce Homo\" in Troyes Cathedral\nDepictions of Christ at the time of the crucifixion were much favoured by the sculptors or imagiers of the 16th century and particularly in the Champagne-Ardennes region.", "Some were entitled \"Christ aux liens\", others \" Christ de pitié\".", "These depict Christ sitting on a rock, this rock often covered by his discarded robe.", "Often, and to underline the association with the sequence of the \"Passion\", a skull is put at Christ's feet, reminding us of Golgotha.", "In these studies Christ is in all probability sitting at Golgotha awaiting his crucifixion and watching the executioners prepare the cross.", "All these works exude pathos and an overwhelming feeling of despair and hopelessness.", "The flagellation and the effort of carrying the Cross to Golgatha is over and the agony of the crucifixion itself is to come.", "The works entitled \"Ecce homo\" or \"Christ au roseau\" refer to one specific episode and that is the episode described in John 19-1 to 19.5.", "Jesus holds a Roseau, a palm or wears the crown of thorns and a robe.", "The work \" Ecce Homo\" in Troyes Cathedral came originally from an altarpiece in the chapel of the \"Cordeliers\" in Troyes.", "It comprises a life-size depiction of Christ.", "Arnhold attributes the work to the Maître de Chaource and dates it to 1518 to 1520 and compares the style of the work to the depiction of the apostles in Saint Pouange.", "The work \"Christ de Pitié\" in the église Saint-Julien-de-Brioude in Saint-Julien-les-Villas\nBoth Arnhold and Baudoin believe that the figure of Christ (\"Christ de Pitié\") in the church of can be attributed to the Maître de Chaource and was one of a series of such depictions of Christ which began with his \"Ecce Homo\" in Troyes Cathedral, undertaken around 1520.", "In the Saint-Julien-les-Villas work the Maître de Chaource adds a skull at Christ's feet reminding us of Golgotha.", "The figure of Christ is carved from limestone and then polychromed.", "It is 1.37 metres high by 0.61 metres in width.", "Baudoin disagrees with Arnhold and dates the work to 1510.", "The church itself dates back to the second half of the 12th century and was rebuilt in the 16th century in the shape of a Latin cross.", "It is the oldest building in Saint-Julien-les-Villas.", "The church also has 16th century depictions of Saint Julian, Saint Syre (fr) and Saint Louis as well as a \"Vierge de Pitié\" attributed to Gentil.", "Gentil executed a \"Christ de Pitié\" for the parish church of Sainte-Savine.", "See Ch Fichot \"Statistique monumentale du département de l'Aube, arrondissement de Troyes\" published in 1884.", "\"Christ de Pitié\" in the Église de la Nativité-de-la-Vierge in Villy-le-Maréchal\n\n\"Christ de Pitié\" in the parish church of Saint-Laurent in Bouilly\n\n\"Christ de Pitié\" in the church of Saint Nizier in Troyes\n\nStatues of Peter and Paul in Saint Pouange\n\nIn his thesis Arnhold addresses the possibility of these two life-size statues being by the Maître de Chaource, dates them between 1518 and 1520 and states that there is archival evidence that they were brought to Saint Pouange in 1861, and had previously stood on the west facade of Troyes Cathedral.", "The records of Troyes Cathedral show that in 1517/1518 a sculptor called Jehan Briaix prepared some drawings for sculptures of Christ and Peter and Paul, but there is no record as to who subsequently carried out the carving, although it could have been Nicolas Halins, the Flemish sculptor.", "Arnhold concludes that for stylistic reasons the work could have been by the Maître de Chaource but is a little more tentative than with other attributions.", "Another scholar C.Fichot, already mentioned above, in his 1884 work \" Statistique monumentale de l'Aube\" states that these two statues could have come from the Troyes church Saint-Jacques-aux-Nonnains or the Cathedral of Troyes.", "The depictions of Saint John in the \"Chapelle des Annonciades\" in Langres\n\n\"La belle Croix\" in the church of Saint-Symphorien in Neuvy-Sautour\n\nThe Pietà in Mailly-le-Camp\n\nDepiction of \"Christ falling under the weight of the Cross\" in the St Nicolas church in Troyes\n\nChrist on the Cross at Fueges \n\nArnhold attributes this work to the Maître de Chaource for stylistic reasons and sees similarities with the work in Mailly-le-Camp.", "He dates the work to 1520.", "He also writes that carvings of Christ on the Cross in the Musée des Beaux Arts\nin Troyes could be by the Maître de Chaource as well as works in churches in Avant-lès-Ramerupt and in Mussy-sur-Seine.", "The Annunciation\n\nGallery of images\n\nOther reading\n\n R.Koechlin & M de Vasselot, \"La Sculpture à Troyes et dans la Champagne méridionale au 16me siècle\".", "Paris, 1900.", "Dom Éloi Devaux, \"Le Maître de Chaource\".", "Paris, Zodiaque, 1956 and Suite à Chaource – Cahiers de l'Atelier du Coeur-Meurtry – N° 40.", "Pierre Quarré, \"Le Christ de Pitié en Brabant-Bourgogne autour de 1500\" (exhibition catalogue, Dijon, 1971)\n Jacques Baudoin, \"La sculpture flamboyante en Champagne\".", "Lorraine, Creer, 1990\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nDie Skulpturen in Troyes und in der südlichen Champagne zwischen 1480 und 1540: stilkritische Beobachtungen zum Meister von Chaource und seinem Umkreis\", Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Fribourg-en-Brigsau, septembre 1992 \n Le beau XVIe.", "Chefs d'œuvre de la sculpture en Champagne \n\n15th-century French sculptors\n16th-century French sculptors" ]

[ "The Matre de Chaource was a sculptor who worked in the French town of Chaource in the late 15th and early 16th century.", "Many works are attributed to him or his studio, but some scholars have identified him as the artist.", "The Matre de Chaource and the church of Saint-Laurent in Joinville are both examples of works by Bachot, who was a contemporary of the Matre de Chaource.", "The works of the Matre de Chaource's atelier can be seen from the north to the south and from Langres to the east.", "The sculpture of Troyes and southern Champagne was created between 1480 and 1540 by regional masters, and according to the thesis, no other region in France in the time period from the late 15th century to the middle of the 16th century has had a richer production.", "Sculpture in southern Champagne flourished at a time when the arts in the surrounding regions had already passed their peak and the reasons for this can be found in the economic prosperity of Troyes, the old capital city of the le-de-France.", "Troyes was a transit point for both the trade routes between Northern France and the Netherlands and Southern France and Italy and also for the making and selling of fine cloth throughout Europe.", "The church and monasteries, the nobility, corporations and rich merchant families undertook most of the commissions, competing by their orders for the religious and artistic improvement of the churches and noble town-palaces, mostly situated in and near Troyes.", "The region's sculptors and their workshops, as was the case with painters, created, developed and maintained a regional and iconographical style which persisted until around 1540 and concentrated on themes linked to thePassion of Christ.", "The sculptures of 'Ecce Homo', the Descent from the Cross, the Virgin and Child, as well as different Saints which were venerated in Champagne, are the most important and numerously represented subjects.", "Studies of suffering and sorrow portray the mood of thePassion with an inordinate feeling of resignation.", "The Master of Chaource is the region's most important sculptor with a characteristic style which is explored in the first part of the work.", "The Matre de Chaource is an important part of the region's 16th century sculpture and he provides an important resource for those studying it.", "The western facade of Troyes cathedral was designed by Nicolas Halins, and he may have been the Matre de Chaource.", "There are two statues of Saint John in Langres and the Matre de Chaource.", "The sculpture in the church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste in Chaource is known as the \"Matre de Chaource\".", "The picture shows Jesus being laid to rest.", "The group is holding Jesus' body before it is placed in the tomb.", "Mary of Clopas, the Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene, St John, Mary Salome, and some soldiers/guards are also featured.", "The work is thought to have been done in 1515.", "The brochure \"Chaource l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste et son patrimoine\" is available in the church.", "A reference is made to Jacques Badouin's belief that he recognizes the hand of Jacques Bachot in the work and to perhaps further muddy the waters we are reminded that one of the guards carries an inscription.", "The Matre de Chaource's atelier is believed to be behind the work because of the carvings which make up the group.", "There are many works from the 16th century in the church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste.", "The altarpiece depicting the \"Passion\" in the \"Chapelle du Paradis\" is one of the statues.", "Christ is depicted carrying the Cross in theChapelle du Porte-Croix.", "The church's brochure says that the faut voir ce sépulcre sous diffrents angles.", "The church is from the 13th century to the 15th century.", "This work has been compared to the works of Giotto in Padua, Fra Angelico at Saint Mark's in Florence, and Véron in Florence.", "The Villeneuve-l'Archevque work was done 13 years after Chaource.", "Raymond Koechlin and Jean-J studied the sculpture of Troyes.", "The work was given to the church by the parents of the abbre from 1502 to 1528.", "The \"Atelier de la Saint Martha\" is one of the names given to the Matre de Chaource.", "The work was done in 1528.", "This work shows the Virgin Mary, Saint John and Mary Magdalene grieving over Jesus' body which had just been taken down from the Cross.", "Those who were close to Jesus had to come to terms with his death, and artists wanted to capture that tragedy.", "The \"Lamentation\" is shown in the gallery at the end of the article.", "The work is in limestone and is thought to have been done in 1525.", "The work is 0.73 x 1.42 x 0.50 metres.", "The statues of Saint John and the Virge de Calvaire were carved from wood and then painted.", "The study of Saint John is thought to be by the Chaource \"atelier\" rather than the Matre himself and Jacques Baudoin.", "There are two figures on either side of a depiction of Christ on the Cross.", "The church has sculpture and furnishings from the 16th century.", "Outside the church are sculptures of Saint Frobert and Saint André, as well as a depiction of John the Baptist as well as a \"Christ aux liens et socle\".", "There are depictions of the crucifixion and the resurrection.", "There is a statue in Bayel that is thought to have been carved in the same era as the Chaource.", "The work is 1.27 metres long and is carved from limestone.", "It used to be in the Benedictine priory of Belroy.", "The altarpiece in the church of Saint Maurice is attributed to the Matre de Chaource.", "The church was originally called St-Pierre-s-Liens.", "There is a statue of Saint Martha in the church of Saint Madelaine in Troyes, but a study of what the woman holds in her hands seems to support the idea that it is of Martha.", "Martha carried a pot of holy water, an aspergillum, and a cross with her when she was a missionary in the Rhne Valley.", "The statue of Saint Sébastien is located in the same church as the Matre Chaource's atelier.", "He wears a collar founded in 1469 by Louis XI in the depiction.", "The work was executed between 1515 and 1520.", "The statue is shown in a photograph.", "There are other works by the Matre de Chaource as well as other works in the Troyes region.", "It may be better to put these under the name \"The cole de Troyes\" or the \"cole du Matre de Chaource\" because of the anonymity of the title.", "They were entitled \"Christ aux liens\" and \"Christ de pitié\".", "Christ often sits on a rock covered in his robe.", "A skull is placed at Christ's feet to remind us of Golgotha.", "Christ is most likely sitting at Golgotha waiting for his crucifixion and watching the executioners prepare the cross.", "There is an overwhelming feeling of despair and hopelessness in all of these works.", "The flagellation and the effort of carrying the Cross to Golgatha is over and the agony of the crucifixion is to come.", "One specific episode is referred to in the works entitled \"Ecce Homo\" or \"Christ Au roseau\".", "Jesus has a palm, a crown of thorns, and a robe.", "The altarpiece in the chapel of the \"Cordeliers\" in Troyes was the source of the work \"Ecce Homo\" in Troyes Cathedral.", "There is a depiction of Christ.", "The Matre de Chaource is believed to have been created in 1518 to 1520.", "The église Saint-Julien-de-Brioude in Saint-Julien-les-Villas is where the work \"Christ de Pitié\" is located.", "The Matre de Chaource reminds us of Golgotha by placing a skull at Christ's feet.", "The figure of Christ is carved from limestone.", "It is 1.37 metres high and 0.61 metres wide.", "Baudoin believes that the work was done in 1510.", "The church was built in the shape of a Latin cross in the 16th century and dates back to the second half of the 12th century.", "The oldest building is in Saint-Julien-les-Villas.", "The church has depictions of several saints from the 16th century.", "The church of Sainte-Savine had a \"Christ de Pitié\" executed by Gentil.", "The \"statistique monumentale du département de l'Aube, arrondissement de Troyes\" was published in 1884.", "\"Christ de Pitié\" can be found in the glise de la Nativité-de-la-vierge and in the church of Saint-Laurent.", "The records of Troyes Cathedral show that in 1517/1518 a sculptor named Jehan Briaix prepared some drawings for sculptures of Christ and Peter and Paul, but there is no record as to who subsequently did the carving.", "The work could have been done by the Matre de Chaource but is a little more tentative than other works.", "C.Fichot states in his 1884 work \" Statistique monumentale de l'Aube\" that the statues could have come from the Troyes church Saint-Jacques-aux-Nonnains or the Cathedral of Troyes.", "There are depictions of Saint John in Langres \"La belle Croix\" and in the church of Saint-Symphorien in Neuvy-Sautour.", "The work was done in 1520.", "The Matre de Chaource could be responsible for the carvings of Christ on the Cross in the Musée des Beaux Arts in Troyes.", "R.Koechlin and M de Vasselot's \"La Sculpture Troyes et dans la Champagne méridionale Au 16me Sicle\" can be found in the Annunciation Gallery.", "Paris, 1900.", "\"Le Matre de Chaource\" was written by Dom loi Devaux.", "The Cahiers de l'Atelier du Coeur-Meurtry is located in Paris, Zodiaque, and Suite Chaource.", "Jacques Baudoin's \"La sculpture flamboyante en Champagne\" is in the exhibition catalogue.", "Albert references External links Die Skulpturen in Troyes and in der sdlichen Champagne.", "Chefs d'uvre de la sculpture are from the 15th and 16th century." ]

[ "Matre de Chao", "Matre de Chaour", "de Chao", "Nicodemus", "del Sarto", "de Vasselo", "de Chao", "Made", "Maître", "de Chao", "de Chao", "de Chao", "de Chao", "de Chao" ]

[ "Saint Made", "M de" ]

[ "John Gerard (4 October 1564 – 27 July 1637) was an English Jesuit priest who operated covertly in England during the Elizabethan era, during which the Catholic Church was subject to persecution.", "He was the second son of Sir Thomas Gerard of Bryn, in Ashton-in-Makerfield, Lancashire.", "Gerard notably not only successfully hid from the English authorities for eight years before his capture but also endured extensive torture, escaped from the Tower of London, recovered and continued with his covert mission.", "After his escape to the Continent, he was instructed by his Jesuit superiors to write a book about his life in Latin.", "An English translation, published in 1951 as The Autobiography of a Hunted Priest, is a rare first-hand account of the dangerous cloak-and-dagger world of a Catholic priest in Elizabethan England.", "Early life\nJohn Gerard was born 4 October 1564, the second son of Sir Thomas Gerard of Bryn Hall, and Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Port of Derbyshire.", "In 1569, when John Gerard was five years old, his father was imprisoned for plotting the rescue of Mary, Queen of Scots, from Tutbury Castle.", "His release in 1571 may have been influenced by his cousin Sir Gilbert Gerard who was Attorney General at that time.", "During that time John and his brother were placed with Protestant relatives, but his father obtained for them a Catholic tutor.", "In August 1577, at age 12, he was sent to the English College at Douai, which relocated the following March to Rheims.", "At the age of 15 he spent a year at Exeter College, Oxford.", "This was followed by about a year of home-study of Greek and Latin under a tutor, a Mr Leutner (Edmund Lewkenor, brother of Sir Lewes Lewknor Master of the Ceremonies to James I).", "He then went to the Jesuit Clermont College in Paris.", "After some months there, followed by an illness and convalescence, in the latter part of 1581 he went to Rouen to see Jesuit priest Robert Persons.", "First mission \n\nAs Gerard had left for Clermont without the requisite travel permit, upon his return to England, he was arrested by customs officials upon landing at Dover.", "While his companions were sent to London, he was released in the custody of a Protestant in-law.", "But after three months, having still not attended Anglican services, he was remanded to the Marshalsea prison.", "He spent a little over a year there in company with William Hartley, Stephen Rowsham, John Adams, and William Bishop.", "In the spring of 1585, Anthony Babington, who was later executed for treason for his involvement in a plot to free the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, posted bond to secure Gerard's release.", "Second mission \nGerard then went to Rome and was given another mission on behalf of the Jesuits to England.", "In November 1588, three months after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, Gerard and Edward Oldcorne landed in Norfolk to begin their task of sustaining Catholics among the English people.", "Having made his way to Norwich he met there the Lord of the Manor of Grimston, a Recusant called Edward Yelverton.", "After a two days’ journey on horseback, Gerard—now Mr. Thompson—settled down quietly in the Manor House at Grimston, 8 miles East of King's Lynn, as an honoured guest.", "He was in great danger, but his retreat was believed as safe as any south of the Humber.", "Gerard was no ordinary man.", "He had indeed strange powers of attraction and fascination.", "He was introduced to the chief families of the neighbourhood, Walpoles and Woodhouses among others, and though only twenty-four he had extraordinary influence among them.", "His stay in Grimston lasted seven or eight months.", "After that he lived for some time at Lawshall, near Bury St. Edmunds.", "Eventually, Gerard was taken to the leader of the English Jesuits, Father Henry Garnet.", "Gerard soon became a very popular figure in the Catholic underground.", "To stay above suspicion, Gerard cultivated a respectable public image.", "By way of disguises, he appeared very secular, being versed in gambling and wearing fashionable clothes.", "Gerard wrote of many escapes from the law and of occasions when he hid in priest holes, which could often be as small as 1 meter tall and half a meter wide.", "In 1591 Gerard became the chaplain to the Wiseman household, Braddocks, led by William and Jane Wiseman.", "The household included Jane Wiseman who was William's widowed mother.", "Gerard persuaded her to create a new home for herself and a chaplain name Bullocks which would become as additional centre for Catholicism and priest harbouring.", "Capture and torture \nGerard was finally captured in London on 23 April 1594, together with Nicholas Owen.", "He was tried, found guilty and sent to the Compter in the Poultry.", "Later he was moved to the Clink prison where he was able to meet regularly with other imprisoned English Catholics.", "Due to his continuation of this work, he was sent to the Salt Tower in the Tower of London, where he was further questioned and tortured by being repeatedly suspended from chains on the dungeon wall.", "The main aim of Gerard's torturers was to identify the London lodgings of Fr.", "Henry Garnet that they might arrest him.", "He would not answer any questions that involved others, or name them.", "He insisted that he never broke, a fact borne out by the files of the Tower.", "Henry Garnet wrote about Gerard:\nTwice he has been hung up by the hands with great cruelty on the part of others and no less patience on his own.", "The examiners say he is exceedingly obstinate and a great friend either of God or of the devil, for they say they cannot extract a word from his lips, save that, amidst his torments, he speaks the word, \"Jesus\".", "Recently they took him to the rack, where the torturers and examiners stood ready for work.", "But when he entered the place, he at once threw himself on his knees and with a loud voice prayed to God that ... he would give him strength and courage to be rent to pieces before he might speak a word that would be injurious to any person or to the divine glory.", "And seeing him so resolved, they did not torture him.", "Escape from the Tower \nGerard's most famous exploit is believed to have been masterminded by Nicholas Owen.", "With help from other members of the Catholic underground, Gerard, along with John Arden, escaped on a rope strung across the Tower moat during the night of 4 October 1597.", "Despite the fact that his hands were still mangled from the tortures he had undergone, he succeeded in climbing down.", "He even arranged for the escape of his gaoler (jailer), with whom he had become friendly, and who he knew would be held responsible for the jailbreak.", "It is speculated that he befriended the jailer so that if circumstance favored an escape, it could be turned to his advantage.", "Immediately following his escape, he joined Henry Garnet and Robert Catesby in Uxbridge.", "Later, Gerard moved to the house of Dowager Elizabeth Vaux at Harrowden, near Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.", "From this base of operations, he continued his priestly ministry, and reconciled many to the Catholic Church, including Sir Everard Digby (one of the future conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot).", "Later life\nFor the next eight years he continued his ministry among the English people before he was recalled to the continent to train Jesuits for the English Mission.", "He was implicated by Robert Catesby's servant Thomas Bates in the Gunpowder Plot although he denied any involvement.", "He stayed at Harrowden again, hiding in a priest hole.", "During a nine-day search of the house he wrote an open letter protesting his innocence, and contrived to have copies scattered about the streets of London, denying the charges allegedly made by Bates.", "He eventually escaped from there to London.", "He left the country with financial aid from Elizabeth Vaux, slipping away disguised as a footman in the retinue of the Spanish Ambassador, on the very day of Henry Garnet's execution.", "Gerard went on to continue the work of the Jesuits in Europe, where he wrote his autobiography on the orders of his superiors.", "He died in 1637, aged 73, at the English College seminary, Rome.", "Writings \n The Autobiography of a hunted priest (trans.", "from Latin to English by Philip Caraman), San Francisco, Ignatius Press, 2012,\n\nBibliography \nBernard Basset: The English Jesuits, London, 1967.", "Philip Caraman: John Gerard; the autobiography of an Elizabethan, London, 1951.", "Francis Edwards (ed.", "): The Elizabethan Jesuits, London, 1981.", "References\n\nExternal links\nSketches of Chivalry From the Early Society\n \n\n1564 births\n1637 deaths\nPeople associated with the Gunpowder Plot\nEnglish torture victims\n16th-century English Jesuits\n17th-century English Jesuits\nInmates of the Marshalsea\nEnglish autobiographers\nEnglish expatriates in Italy" ]

[ "During the Elizabethan era, the Catholic Church was subject to persecution and Jesuit priest John Gerard was covertly operating in England.", "He was the son of Sir Thomas Gerard.", "After hiding from the English authorities for eight years, he escaped from the Tower of London and continued his covert mission.", "He was told by his Jesuit superiors to write a book about his life in Latin after he escaped to the Continent.", "The Autobiography of a Hunted Priest is a rare first-hand account of the dangerous world of a Catholic priest in Elizabethan England.", "Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Port of Derbyshire, was born on 4 October 1564, the second son of Sir Thomas Gerard of Bryn Hall.", "When John was five years old, his father was imprisoned for trying to save Mary, Queen of Scots.", "His release may have been influenced by his cousin who was the Attorney General.", "John and his brother were placed with Protestant relatives, but their father obtained a Catholic tutor for them.", "He was sent to the English College at Douai at the age of 12.", "He spent a year at the college when he was 15.", "This was followed by a year of home-study of Greek and Latin under the tutor Mr Leutner,Edmund Lewkenor, brother of Sir Lewknor Master of the Ceremonies to James I.", "He went to the Jesuit college in Paris.", "After an illness and convalescence, he went to Rouen to see Jesuit priest Robert Persons.", "Upon his return to England after leaving without a travel permit, he was arrested by customs officials at the airport.", "He was released in the custody of a Protestant in-law while his companions were sent to London.", "He was sent to the prison after three months because he hadn't attended the services.", "He was there with William Hartley, Stephen Rowsham, John Adams, and William Bishop.", "In the spring of 1585, Anthony Babington, who was later executed for treason for his involvement in a plot to free the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, posted a bond to secure her release.", "After going to Rome, he was given a second mission on behalf of the Jesuits.", "In November 1588, three months after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the Oldcorne's landed in Norfolk to begin their work of sustaining Catholics among the English people.", "Edward Yelverton was the Lord of the Manor of Grimston when he met him.", "After two days on horseback, Mr. Thompson settled down quietly in the manor house at Grimston, 8 miles East of King's Lynn.", "His retreat was believed to be safe even though he was in great danger.", "He was not an ordinary man.", "He had strange powers.", "He was introduced to the chief families of the neighbourhood, and though only twenty-four he had extraordinary influence on them.", "His stay in Grimston was between seven and eight months.", "He lived at Lawshall for a while.", "Father Henry Garnet was the leader of the English Jesuits.", "There was a very popular figure in the Catholic underground.", "To stay above suspicion, he cultivated a respectable public image.", "He appeared very secular, being versed in gambling and wearing fashionable clothes.", "He hid in priest holes, which could be as small as 1 meter tall and half a meter wide, and many times he escaped from the law.", "William and Jane Wiseman had a household called the Braddocks.", "Jane was William's mother.", "She was persuaded to create a new home for herself and a new center for Catholicism and priest harbouring.", "On April 23, 1594, Nicholas Owen andGerard were captured in London.", "He was sent to the Compter in the Poultry after being found guilty.", "He was able to meet other imprisoned English Catholics at the Clink prison.", "Due to his continued work, he was sent to the Salt Tower in the Tower of London, where he was tortured and held in chains on the dungeon wall.", "The torturers wanted to identify the London lodgings of Fr.", "They might arrest him.", "He wouldn't name the others or answer questions about them.", "The files of the Tower showed that he never broke.", "Twice he has been hung up by the hands with great cruelty on the part of others and no less patience on his own.", "He speaks the word \"Jesus\" despite his torments, for the examiners say they can't get a word from his lips.", "The torturers and examiners stood ready for work when he was taken to the rack.", "He threw himself on his knees and begged God to give him strength and courage so that he wouldn't say anything that would hurt anyone.", "They didn't torture him because he was so resolved.", "Nicholas Owen is believed to have masterminded the escape from the Tower.", "With help from other members of the Catholic underground, John and Gerard escaped on a rope strung across the Tower moat during the night of 4 October 1597.", "He climbed down despite the fact that his hands were still mangled from the tortures he had undergone.", "He arranged for the escape of his gaoler, with whom he had become friendly, and who he knew would be held responsible for the escape.", "It is thought that he befriended the jailer so that he could take advantage of an escape.", "Immediately after his escape, he joined Henry and Robert.", "The house of the Vaux's was located near Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.", "He continued his ministry and reconciled many to the Catholic Church, including Sir Everard Digby, one of the conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot.", "After eight years he was recalled to the continent to train Jesuits for the English Mission.", "He denied any involvement in the Gunpowder Plot.", "He hid in a priest hole.", "During a nine-day search of the house he wrote an open letter protesting his innocence and then hid copies in the streets of London to deny the charges.", "He escaped to London.", "He left the country with financial aid from Elizabeth Vaux and hid as a footman in the retinue of the Spanish Ambassador on the day of Henry Garnet's execution.", "His autobiography was written on the orders of his superiors, who continued the work of the Jesuits in Europe.", "He died at the English College seminary in Rome.", "The autobiography of a priest.", "The English Jesuits, London, 1967. Bernard Basset: The English Jesuits, London, 1967.", "The autobiography of an Elizabethan was written by Philip Caraman.", "The book was written by Francis Edwards.", "The Elizabethan Jesuits were in London in 1981", "The Gunpowder Plot English torture victims 16th-century English Jesuits 17th-century English Jesuits Inmates of the Marshalsea" ]

[ "John Gerard", "Thomas Gerard", "Gerard", "John Gerard", "Thomas Gerard", "John Port", "John Gerard", "Gilbert Gerard", "John", "Gerard", "John Adams", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "Gerard", "John Arden", "Gerard", "Gerard", "John Gerard" ]

[ "John Gerard", "Thomas Gerard", "John Port", "Thomas Gerard", "John", "John", "John Adams", "John", "Gerard" ]

[ "George Freeman Bragg (January 25, 1863 – March 12, 1940) was an African-American priest, journalist, social activist and historian.", "The twelfth African American ordained as a priest in the Episcopal Church of the United States, he worked against racial discrimination and for interracial harmony, both within and outside of his church.", "Early and family life\nBragg was born into slavery in Warrenton, North Carolina, in 1863, during the American Civil War, and baptised at Emmanuel Episcopal Church.", "As the war ended, his carpenter father (also George Freeman Bragg) and seamstress mother (Mary) moved their family to Petersburg, Virginia to live with his grandmother Caroline Wiley Cain Bragg, a devout Episcopalian and former slave of an Episcopal priest.", "Even before the war, Petersburg had been known for its prosperous free black community, and the city's Episcopal churches soon established Sunday schools for black children, to prepare them for the responsibilities of citizenship.", "In 1867, Major Giles Buckner Cooke (a Virginia Military Institute graduate and former Confederate army officer on the staff of General Robert E. Lee who after the war began studying to become an Episcopal priest) had started a Sunday school for freed slaves at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Petersburg.", "Two other Confederate veterans, Alexander W. Weddell and future bishop Robert Atkinson Gibson had done likewise at Grace Episcopal Church the previous year.", "The following year Caroline Bragg was among the founding members of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, Petersburg's first black Episcopalian church, and her extended family formed much of the congregation.", "In 1869, with financial support of the Freedmen's Bureau and the Peabody fund, Petersburg became the first city in Virginia to begin establishing public schools for black children, and Cooke became principal of the new Elementary School Number 1 (which later became Peabody High School).", "He later formed Big Oak Private School for the same purpose.", "In 1872, when the first priest associated with St. Stephens, the Rev.", "J.S.", "Atwell, an African-American missionary from Kentucky who had also been trying to revive St. Philip's African-American congregation in Richmond, resigned and moved to Georgia, Cooke (who had been ordained deacon the previous year) became St. Stephens' second rector.", "He soon merged his Big Oak school with the others to form a normal school, then added a divinity school to train African American clergy.", "Young Bragg became one of the first students at Saint Stephen's Normal and Industrial School, which in November 1884 Virginia chartered as the Bishop Payne Divinity and Industrial School (ultimately merged into the Virginia Theological Seminary).", "Another early student and success story was James Solomon Russell, who founded Saint Paul's Normal and Industrial School, in Lawrenceville, Virginia after in 1869 founding the Methodist-leaning Zion Union Apostolic Church for African Americans with the support of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society.", "On September 20, 1887, Bragg married the daughter of another prominent Petersburg black family, Nellie Hill.", "The couple ultimately had two sons and two daughters.", "Journalism and politics\nAs a child young Bragg delivered newspapers and established relationships with the city's white leaders, including John Hampden Chamberlayne, editor of the Petersburg Index, and political ally of William Mahone, who had founded the Readjuster Party and appealed for the support of black voters.", "Six months after Bragg began his theological studies, Cooke expelled him for \"insufficient humility\".", "Bragg then turned his attention to politics, working at Mahone's headquarters.", "For his efforts, he was appointed a page in the House of Delegates in Richmond in 1881–82.", "On July 1, 1882, Bragg founded the weekly Petersburg Lancet, dedicated to civil rights issues.", "However, after the Readjuster Party losses in the 1883 elections, Bragg supported a black candidate for U.S. Congress, who lost to Mahone's white candidate, James Dennis Brady.", "The campaign disillusioned Bragg, who decided Mahone did not care about the civil rights of black voters, only their votes.", "Thus on September 12, 1885, he announced that the Lancet would eschew politics, but concentrate on moral, educational and commercial matters.", "The following February, he changed the paper's name to the Afro-American Churchman and later it became The Church Advocate.", "A change in the rector at St. Stephens also allowed Bragg to resume his theological studies at the Bishop Payne Divinity School, from which he graduated in 1886.", "Ministry\nBragg was ordained a deacon on January 12, 1887, and assigned as vicar to Holy Innocents Episcopal Church, a mission in Norfolk.", "He successfully challenged a rule that black deacons wait at least five years before ordination as priests.", "Thus, on December 19, 1888, Bishop Francis McNeece Whittle ordained Bragg as a priest at Saint Luke's Episcopal Church in Norfolk; thus Bragg became the twelfth black Episcopal priest.", "During next five years, Bragg expanded his congregation into the fully self-supporting Grace Episcopal Church.", "He also established the Industrial School for Colored Girls, and served from 1887 through 1890 on the board of Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute.", "However, Virginia increased its discrimination against black clergy in 1899, restricting their votes in the diocesan council to the Convocation of the Missionary Jurisdiction, over the objections of Bragg and others.", "In 1891, Bragg accepted a call and became rector of the oldest black Episcopal congregation in the South, Baltimore's St. James Episcopal Church (founded 1824), where he served for 49 years, until his death.", "Under Bragg's leadership, the struggling congregation of 63 again became self-supporting, tripling in size and building a new structure on Park Avenue and Preston Streets by 1901.", "By 1924, it was among the largest black Episcopal parishes in the country, with over 500 parishioners.", "During the Great Depression, it sold that building, which had become cramped, and bought a larger church on Lafayette Square from a white congregation (Church of the Ascension) which moved out of the city to rapidly developing Middle River, Maryland.", "On Easter Sunday 1932, Bragg led the congregation's first service in what remains its current church building On March 26, 1933, the congregation presented its largest-ever class for confirmation by the bishop, who had supported the move despite considerable opposition within the parish.", "Bragg continued his social activism fighting racism and Jim Crow laws, both within and outside the church.", "In 1899, he helped establish a black orphanage in Baltimore (the Maryland Home for Friendless Colored Children), which became known for its placement of teenagers in foster homes.", "Three years later he helped Booker T. Washington found the Committee of Twelve, which fought to prevent disenfranchisement of blacks in Maryland.", "He also advocated the hiring of African-American teachers to educate African-American children in Baltimore's schools.", "Bragg later joined W. E. B. DuBois as one of the founders of the Niagara Movement, a precursor of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.", "Bragg also continued publishing the monthly Church Advocate, wrote several books as listed below, and worked to develop black ministers (fostering more than 20 vocations, including the Rev.", "Tollie Caution, who worked on the national level).", "Bragg fought against restricting the church's mission work to overseas activities, arguing that the denomination also needed to foster African American congregations.", "He served as secretary and historiographer of the Conference of Church Workers among Colored People—which lobbied, among other things, for the election and consecration of black bishops.", "Bragg himself was twice interviewed, but never selected for that promotion.", "Nonetheless, Wilberforce University awarded him an honorary degree in 1902.", "Death and legacy\nBragg died on March 12, 1940, after a short hospitalization at Baltimore's Providence Hospital.", "The Baltimore Sun eulogized his quiet manner, dignity and work for interracial harmony.", "Four years after his death, his congregation purchased and dedicated an altar in his memory.", "The Episcopal Church remembers him annually on August 3 (together with W.E.B.", "DuBois) with a feast day on its calendar of saints.", "His papers are held by the New York Public Library, and by Howard University's Moorland-Springarm Research Center.", "Major works\nThe Colored Harvest in the Old Virginia Diocese (1901)\nAfro-American Church Work and Workers (1904)\nThe attitude of the Conference of Church Workers Among Colored People, towards the adaptation of the Episcopate to the needs of the race : with a list of ordinations of colored men to the ministry of (1904)\nThe Story of Old St. Stephen's, Petersburg, Va. (1906)\nThe First Negro Priest on Southern Soil (1909)\nA Bond-Slave of Christ: Entering the Ministry Under Great Difficulties (1912)\nThe \"Whittingham Canon\" : the birth and history of the missionary district plan (1913) \nMen of Maryland (1914), (1925)\nRichard Allen and Absalom Jones: in Honor of the Centennial of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Which Occurs in the Year 1916 (1915)\nThe Episcopal Church and the black man (1918)\nHistory of the Afro-American Group of the Episcopal Church (1922)\nThe story of the first of the Blacks, the pathfinder Absalom Jones, 1746-1818 (1929)\n\nSee also\n\nList of slaves\n\nSources\n Hartzell, Lawrence L. \"The Exploration of Freedom in Black Petersburg, Virginia, 1865–1902.\"", "in The Edge of the South: Life in Nineteenth-Century Virginia, edited by Edward L. Ayers and John C. Willis (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1991) at pp.", "134–156.", "Henderson, William D. Gilded Age City: Politics, Life and Labor in Petersburg, Virginia, 1874–1889.", "(Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1980).", "References\n\nExternal links\n George F. Bragg (George Freeman), 1863-1940 History of the Afro-American Group of the Episcopal Church at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\n The first negro priest on southern soil at the Internet Archive\n\n1863 births\n1940 deaths\nAfrican-American Christian clergy\nAmerican Christian clergy\nAmerican Episcopal priests\n19th-century American slaves\nPeople from Warrenton, North Carolina\nPeople from Petersburg, Virginia\n20th-century African-American people" ]

[ "Bragg was an African-American priest, journalist, social activist and historian.", "The twelfth African American to become a priest in the Episcopal Church of the United States worked against racial discrimination and for interracial harmony, both within and outside of his church.", "Bragg was born into slavery in Warrenton, North Carolina, in 1863, during the American Civil War, and was christened at Emanuel Episcopal Church.", "After the war ended, his carpenter father and seamstress mother moved their family to Virginia to live with his grandmother, a former slave of an Episcopal priest.", "After the war, the city's Episcopal churches established Sunday schools for black children in order to prepare them for the responsibilities of citizenship.", "The Sunday school for freed slaves was started in 1867 by a former Confederate army officer who was studying to become an Episcopal priest.", "Two other Confederate veterans did the same at Grace Episcopal Church the previous year.", "The founding members of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church were among her extended family.", "In 1869, with financial support of the Freedmen's Bureau and the Peabody fund, Petersburg became the first city in Virginia to establish public schools for black children.", "Big Oak Private School was formed for the same purpose.", "The first priest associated with St. Stephens was in 1872.", "J.S.", "The African-American missionary from Kentucky who was trying to revive St. Philip's African-American congregation resigned and moved to Georgia.", "He added a divinity school to train African American clergy after merging his Big Oak school with the others.", "In 1884 Virginia formed the Bishop Payne Divinity and Industrial School and merged it with the Virginia Theological Seminary.", "James Solomon Russell founded Saint Paul's Normal and Industrial School in Virginia after founding the Zion Union Apostolic Church for African Americans with the support of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society.", "Bragg married the daughter of a prominent black family.", "There were two sons and two daughters for the couple.", "As a child, Bragg delivered newspapers and established relationships with the city's white leaders, including John Hampden Chamberlayne, editor of the Petersburg Index, who had founded the Readjuster Party and appealed for the support of black voters.", "Bragg was kicked out of his theological studies six months after he started.", "Bragg worked at Mahone's headquarters.", "He was appointed a page in the House of Delegates for his efforts.", "Bragg founded the weekly journal on July 1, 1882, dedicated to civil rights issues.", "After the Readjuster Party lost in the elections, Bragg supported a black candidate who lost to a white candidate.", "Bragg decided that Mahone didn't care about the civil rights of black voters, only their votes.", "On September 12, 1885, he announced that the Lancet would focus on moral, educational and commercial matters.", "He changed the paper's name to the Afro-American Churchman in February.", "Bragg was able to return to his studies at the Bishop Payne Divinity School after the change in the rector.", "Ministry Bragg was assigned to Holy Innocents Episcopal Church, a mission in Norfolk, after being a deacon.", "The rule that black deacons wait at least five years before ordination as priests was challenged by him.", "Bragg became the twelfth black Episcopal priest when he was ordination as a priest on December 19, 1888.", "Bragg expanded his congregation into the Grace Episcopal Church.", "The Industrial School for Colored Girls was established by him, as well as serving on the board of the Normal and Agricultural Institute.", "In 1899, Virginia restricted the votes of black clergy in the council over the objections of Bragg and others.", "The oldest black Episcopal congregation in the South, Baltimore's St. James Episcopal Church, was founded in 1824, and Bragg served there for 49 years until his death.", "The struggling congregation of 63 became self-supporting under Bragg's leadership and built a new structure on Park Avenue and Preston Streets in 1901.", "It was one of the largest black Episcopal parishes in the country.", "The Church of the Ascension moved out of the city to Middle River, Maryland, after it was sold and bought a larger church on Lafayette Square.", "On March 26, 1933, the congregation presented its largest-ever class for confirmation by the bishop, who had supported the move despite considerable opposition within the parish.", "Bragg fought Jim Crow laws both inside and outside of the church.", "The Maryland Home for Friendless Colored Children was established in 1899 and became known for its placement of teenagers in foster homes.", "The Committee of Twelve was formed three years after he helped Booker T. Washington.", "African-American teachers should be hired to educate African-American children in Baltimore's schools.", "The National Association for the advancement of Colored People was founded by Bragg and W. E. B. DuBois.", "Bragg continued publishing the monthly Church Advocate, wrote several books, and worked to develop black ministers,fostering more than 20 vocations, including the Rev.", "Tollie Caution worked on the national level.", "Bragg argued that the church's mission work should not be restricted to overseas activities.", "He worked for the Conference of Church Workers among Colored People, which was involved in lobbying for the election and consecration of black bishops.", "Bragg was interviewed twice, but never selected for that promotion.", "He received a degree from the university in 1902.", "Bragg died after a short hospitalization at Baltimore's Providence Hospital.", "He was praised for his quiet manner, dignity and work for interracial harmony by the Baltimore Sun.", "His congregation dedicated an altar in his memory four years after his death.", "On August 3, the Episcopal Church remembers him.", "It has a feast day on its calendar of saints.", "The New York Public Library and Howard University's Moorland-Springarm Research Center hold his papers.", "The Conference of Church Workers Among Colored People has a list of ordinations of colored.", "The Edge of the South: Life in Nineteenth-Century Virginia was published in 1991.", "135–156", "Politics, Life and Labor in Petersburg, Virginia, 1874-1889 was written by William D. Henderson.", "The University Press of America was inLanham, Maryland.", "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has a history of the Afro-American Group of the Episcopal Church." ]

[ "George Freeman Bragg", "Bragg", "George Freeman Bragg", "Caroline Wiley Cain Bragg", "Caroline Bragg", "Young Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "George F", ". Bragg", "George" ]

[ "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg", "Bragg" ]

[ "Paul Chapman (born 5 November 1981) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club and Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).", "Early playing career\nChapman played with North Coburg Saints Football Club which merged with Fawkner Park to become Northern Saints Football Club in the EDFL, he also played with the Calder Cannons in the TAC Cup.", "AFL career\n\nEarly career: 2000–2003\nChapman was selected by Geelong Football Club with pick 31 in the 1999 AFL Draft.", "He played 4 games, making his debut in round 12, 2000 against , and kicked his first goal in the Elimination Final against , he finished 3rd in the Carji Greeves Medal.", "Chapman continued his improvement in the 2001 season where he would play 9 games for the season and kick two goals in Geelong's round 9 clash with Richmond.", "Chapman's 2002 season was his breakout season he would go on to play 16 games for the season 15 of those games were the last 15 of the season.", "In round 9 Chapman would collect 26 disposals and also kick three goals this was Chapman's first ever 20+ possession game.", "At the end of the 2002 season Chapman was named Geelong's most improved player he would also finish 8th in Geelong's best and fairest award.", "Chapman was also a member of Geelong's VFL premiership team.", "Building the Geelong premiership team: 2003–2006\nIn 2003 Chapman officially joined the Geelong senior team playing all 22 games of the season.", "Chapman played his best game for the season in round 7 against the West Coast Eagles where he kicked 4 goals, Chapman also kicked a last minute game-winning goal against Richmond in Round 15.", "Chapman would play his 50th career game in round 21 against the Brisbane Lions.", "At the end of the 2003 season Chapman would be named best team and constructive player, he would also finish 8th in Geelong's Best and Fairest.", "2004 would be Chapman's first AFL finals experience with Geelong making it all the way to the Preliminary Final only to be defeated by 9 points against the Brisbane lions, Chapman would play all 22 games of the season including all 3 finals.", "Chapman had double figure possessions in every game except one, he also kicked 38 goals for the season with multiple goals in 12 games.", "Chapman would finish the season 9th in Geelongs Best and Fairest award.", "Chapman would only play 19 games in the 2005 season after he suffered an injury in round 19, Chapman would go on to miss the remaining 3 games and the finals series.", "Even though he was injured late in the season Chapman still booted 29 goals for the season kicking a goal in every game except one, Chapman would go on to finish 6th in Geelong's Best and Fairest award.", "His 2006 season started well, winning the AFL Pre-Season Premiership defeating by 8 points, he played his 100th game in round 5 against , losing by 22 points.", "At the end of the year Chapman won the Carji Greeves Medal polling 462 votes, ahead of Jimmy Bartel and Gary Ablett, Jr. and he polled 14 votes in the Brownlow Medal.", "Norm Smith Medal, All Australian team and multiple premierships: 2007–2011\nChapman picked up double figure possessions in every game he played he also booted 30 goals for the season, in round 12 he would boot his 100th career goal against the Brisbane Lions.", "Geelong finished first at the end of the season winning the McClelland Trophy.", "In Geelongs first qualifying final Chapman would kick 5 goals leading Geelong to a record-breaking 106-point victory.", "Chapman capped off his season by kicking 4 goals and taking an all-time great mark on the members flank in the 2007 AFL Grand Final helping his team claim a record 119-point victory over .", "Chapman was runner up in the Norm Smith Medal count.", "Chapman played his 150th game in round 16, 2008 against the and kicked his 200th career goal in round 21 against .", "Chapman played 19 games for the season and kicked 33 goals, a quarter of the way through Chapman played for the Victorian state team in the AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match, the Victoria team won by 17 points.", "Geelong won the McClelland Trophy for the second year in a row, Chapman had 22 possessions and 1 goal, in the 2008 AFL Grand Final loss to Hawthorn by 26 points.", "At the start of the 2009 season, Geelong won the AFL Pre-Season Premiership defeating Collingwood by 76 points.", "Chapman played 20 games for the season and kicked 31 goals for the year, Chapman also had a career high 41 disposals in round 6 and a career high 6 goals in round 18.", "Chapman went on to poll 12 votes in the Brownlow Medal, and made the All-Australian team for the first time.", "Geelong finished 2nd on the ladder and Chapman had a dominant finals series kicking 5 goals in the Preliminary final and 3 goals in the grand final.", "Geelong defeated the by 12 points in the 2009 AFL Grand Final, Chapman kicked the winning goal, and was also the winner of the Norm Smith Medal.", "Chapman would make the All-Australian team for the second year in a row in 2010 where he played 21 games for the season booting 23 goals.", "Chapman also had 7 games with 30+ disposals.", "Geelong would finish 2nd on the ladder and go all the way to the Preliminary Final but were eliminated by Collingwood after losing by 41 points.", "Chapman would have 21 disposals and 1 goal in the game.", "Chapman played all 23 games of the 2011 season including 3 finals, he played his 200th game in Round 2 against .", "Geelong finished 2nd on the ladder for the 3rd year in a row, they defeated Hawthorn in the Qualifying Final by 31 points, after a one-week break they went on to defeat in the Preliminary Final, they won by 48 points.", "For the fourth time in five years they made the Grand Final, where Chapman capped off his season with his third Premiership defeating Collingwood by 38 points.", "Final years at Geelong: 2012–2013\nChapman played 20 games in the 2012 season kicking 36 goals.", "Geelong would finish 6th on the AFL ladder only to be eliminated in the first week losing to Fremantle by 16 points.", "Chapman wasn't very effective in this game only collecting 11 disposals.", "In 2013, Chapman only played eight games due to a hamstring injury, he kicked 12 goals for the season.", "Returning from injury as a sub in Round 22, he made an impact off the bench.", "Geelong finished 2nd on the ladder and he played his 250th game in the Qualifying Final against Fremantle where they lost by 15 points, the next week Geelong defeated Port Adelaide by 16 points in the Semi Finals advancing to the Preliminary Finals, only to lose to Hawthorn by 5 points.", "Chapman missed the game due to suspension.", "Chapman was delisted by Geelong on 2 October 2013, after strongly suggesting he wanted to play on, but Geelong's final thoughts were that he couldn't compete at top-level football anymore due to age.", "Move to Essendon: 2014–2015\nOn 18 October 2013, Chapman joined after being traded for pick 84.", "The Geelong champion couldn't have started his career at the Bombers any better, kicking four goals to lead Essendon to a round 1 win over North Melbourne.", "He continued to have a presence around goals for the Bombers, booting 22 goals from 20 games.", "He finished the season well after a quieter patch.", "Chapman would play in Essendon's first week elimination final against North Melbourne he booted 2 goals and collected 22 disposals despite Essendon losing by 12 points and being eliminated from the finals.", "The 33-year-old signed a one-year contract extension to play on in 2015.", "Chapman's 2015 season was plagued with injuries as he would only play 8 games.", "On 25 August 2015, Chapman announced that he would retire after the club's round 22 home match against .", "After the round 22 game Chapman was carried off the field by his teammates to a standing ovation by the crowd.", "Statistics\n\n|-\n|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\"\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2000\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 14 || 7 || 21 || 4 || 8 || 0.3 || 0.0 || 3.5 || 1.8 || 5.3 || 1.0 || 2.0\n|-\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2001\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 9 || 4 || 4 || 56 || 22 || 78 || 18 || 23 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 6.2 || 2.4 || 8.7 || 2.0 || 2.6\n|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\"\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2002\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 16 || 16 || 5 || 178 || 79 || 257 || 46 || 52 || 1.0 || 0.3 || 11.1 || 4.9 || 16.1 || 2.9 || 3.3\n|-\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2003\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 22 || 22 || 15 || 239 || 103 || 342 || 85 || 58 || 1.0 || 0.7 || 10.9 || 4.7 || 15.5 || 3.9 || 2.6\n|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\"\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2004\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 25 || 38 || 19 || 240 || 113 || 353 || 96 || 80 || 1.5 || 0.8 || 9.6 || 4.5 || 14.1 || 3.8 || 3.2\n|-\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2005\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 19 || 29 || 17 || 222 || 97 || 319 || 76 || 49 || 1.5 || 0.9 || 11.7 || 5.1 || 16.8 || 4.0 || 2.6\n|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\"\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2006\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 22 || 31 || 19 || 331 || 153 || 484 || 134 || 89 || 1.4 || 0.9 || 15.0 || 7.0 || 22.0 || 6.1 || 4.0\n|-\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2007\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 19 || 30 || 15 || 289 || 127 || 416 || 112 || 75 || 1.6 || 0.8 || 15.2 || 6.7 || 21.9 || 5.9 || 3.9\n|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\"\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2008\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 19 || 33 || 13 || 253 || 131 || 384 || 102 || 54 || 1.7 || 0.7 || 13.3 || 6.9 || 20.2 || 5.4 || 2.8\n|-\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2009\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 20 || 37 || 17 || 342 || 194 || 536 || 130 || 53 || 1.9 || 0.9 || 17.1 || 9.7 || 26.8 || 6.5 || 2.7\n|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\"\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2010\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 24 || 23 || 16 || 412 || 264 || 676 || 133 || 99 || 1.0 || 0.7 || 17.2 || 11.0 || 28.2 || 5.5 || 4.1\n|-\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2011\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 23 || 24 || 14 || 312 || 228 || 540 || 122 || 104 || 1.0 || 0.6 || 13.6 || 9.9 || 23.5 || 5.3 || 4.5\n|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\"\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2012\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 21 || 36 || 15 || 292 || 136 || 428 || 107 || 94 || 1.7 || 0.7 || 13.9 || 6.5 || 20.4 || 5.1 || 4.5\n|-\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2013\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 35 || 8 || 12 || 7 || 91 || 71 || 162 || 27 || 34 || 1.5 || 0.9 || 11.4 || 8.9 || 20.3 || 3.4 || 4.3\n|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\"\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2014\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 3 || 20 || 22 || 16 || 250 || 148 || 398 || 112 || 83 || 1.1 || 0.8 || 12.5 || 7.4 || 19.9 || 5.6 || 4.2\n|-\n!", "scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2015\n|style=\"text-align:center;\"|\n| 3 || 9 || 8 || 4 || 74 || 51 || 125 || 23 || 31 || 0.9 || 0.4 || 8.2 || 5.7 || 13.9 || 2.6 || 3.4\n|- class=\"sortbottom\"\n!", "colspan=3| Career\n!", "280\n!", "366\n!", "196\n!", "3595\n!", "1924\n!", "5519\n!", "1327\n!", "986\n!", "1.3\n!", "0.7\n!", "12.8\n!", "6.9\n!", "19.7\n!", "4.7\n!", "3.5\n|}\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1981 births\nLiving people\nGeelong Football Club players\nGeelong Football Club Premiership players\nEssendon Football Club players\nCarji Greeves Medal winners\nNorm Smith Medal winners\nAll-Australians (AFL)\nAustralian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)\nCalder Cannons players\nThree-time VFL/AFL Premiership players" ]

[ "Paul Chapman is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club and Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League.", "Chapman played with North Coburg Saints Football Club which merged with Fawkner Park to become Northern Saints Football Club, he also played with the Cannons in the TAC Cup.", "Chapman was selected by the Cats with pick 31 in the 1999 draft.", "He kicked his first goal in the Elimination Final against and finished 3rd in the Carji Greeves medal.", "In the 2001 season, Chapman played 9 games and kicked two goals in the round 9 clash with Richmond.", "Chapman had his best season in 2002 where he played in 16 games and 15 of them were the last 15 of the season.", "Chapman was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "Chapman was named the most improved player by the Cats at the end of the 2002 season and finished 8th in the best and fairest award.", "Chapman was a member of the VFL team.", "In 2003 Chapman joined the senior team and played all 22 games of the season.", "Chapman played his best game of the season in round 7 against the West Coast Eagles, he kicked 4 goals and also kicked a last minute game-winning goal.", "Chapman played his 50th career game in round 21.", "Chapman was named the best team and constructive player at the end of the 2003 season and finished 8th in the Best and Fairest.", "Chapman played all 22 games of the season, including all 3 finals, after the Cats were defeated by 9 points in the Preliminary Final, it was Chapman's first experience in the finals.", "Chapman kicked 38 goals and had multiple goals in 12 games for the season.", "Chapman finished the season 9th in the Best and Fairest award.", "Chapman only played 19 games in the 2005 season after he suffered an injury in round 19 and missed 3 games and the finals series.", "Even though he was injured late in the season, Chapman still kicked 29 goals for the season and finished 6th in the Best and Fairest award.", "He played his 100th game in round 5 of the 2006 season, but lost by 22 points.", "Chapman won the Carji Greeves Medal at the end of the year and he also won the Brownlow medal with 14 votes.", "Chapman picked up double figure possessions in every game he played, he also kicked 30 goals for the season, in round 12 he would boot his 100th career goal.", "The McClelland Trophy was won by Geelong at the end of the season.", "Chapman kicked 5 goals in the first qualifying final to lead to a record-breaking 106-point victory.", "Chapman capped off his season by kicking 4 goals and taking an all-time great mark on the members flank in the 2007, helping his team claim a record 119-point victory over.", "Chapman was second in the Norm Smith medal count.", "In round 16 of 2008, Chapman played his 150th game and kicked his 200th career goal.", "Chapman played 19 games for the season and kicked 33 goals, a quarter of the way through he played for the Victorian state team in the Hall of Fame Tribute Match, the Victoria team won by 17 points.", "Chapman had 22 possessions and 1 goal in the 2008 Grand Final loss to Hawthorn, but it wasn't enough as the Cats won the McClelland Trophy for the second year in a row.", "The Pre-Season Premiership was won by the Cats at the start of the season.", "Chapman played 20 games for the season and kicked 31 goals, he also had a career high 41 disposals in round 6 and a career high 6 goals in round 18.", "Chapman made the All-Australian team for the first time, after polling 12 votes in the Brownlow.", "Chapman kicked 5 goals in the Preliminary final and 3 goals in the grand final as the Cats finished second on the ladder.", "Chapman was the winner of the Norm Smith medal after kicking the winning goal in the grand final.", "Chapman made the All-Australian team for the second year in a row in 2010, playing 21 games and kicking 23 goals.", "Chapman had 7 games with over 30 disposals.", "After finishing second on the ladder, the Cats went all the way to the Preliminary Final but lost to the Pies by 41 points.", "Chapman had 21 disposals and 1 goal.", "He played his 200th game in the second round of the playoffs.", "After defeating Hawthorn in the Qualifying Final by 31 points, they went on to lose in the Preliminary Final by 48 points.", "They made the Grand Final for the fourth time in five years, and Chapman ended his season with a 38 point victory over the Pies.", "Chapman played 20 games in the 2012 season, kicking 36 goals.", "In the first week of the season, the Cats were eliminated by 16 points after finishing 6th on the ladder.", "Chapman only collected 11 disposals in the game.", "Chapman only played eight games due to a injury, but he kicked 12 goals.", "He made an impact off the bench after returning from injury.", "After finishing 2nd on the ladder, he played his 250th game in the Qualifying Final against Fremantle where they lost by 15 points, the next week they defeated Port Adelaide by 16 points, but lost to Hawthorn in the Preliminary Finals.", "Chapman was suspended and missed the game.", "After strongly suggesting he wanted to play on, Chapman was delisted by the Cats, but they thought he couldn't compete at the highest level due to his age.", "Chapman joined Essendon after being traded for pick 84.", "He kicked four goals to lead Essendon to a round 1 win over North Melbourne.", "He had 22 goals in 20 games for the Bombers.", "After a quiet patch, he finished the season well.", "Despite being eliminated from the finals, Chapman played in Essendon's elimination final against North Melbourne and collected 22 disposals.", "He signed a one-year contract extension.", "Chapman was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "Chapman decided to retire after the club's round 22 home match.", "Chapman was carried off the field by his teammates in front of the crowd.", "The background-color of the statistics is #EAEAEA.", "The style is \"text-align:center\".", "The style is \"text-align:center\" and it was published in 2001.", "The style is \"text-align:center\" and it was published in 2002.", "The style is \"text-align:center\" and it was published in 2003", "The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846", "The style is \"text-align:center\" and it was published in 2005.", "The style is \"text-align:center\" and it was published in 2006", "The style is \"text-align:center\".", "The style is \"text-align:center\" and it was published in 2008.", "35, 37, 17 and ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ", "The style is \"text-align:center\".", "The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846", "The style is \"text-align:center\".", "There are 35 rows of text-align:center.", "The style is \"text-align:center\".", "The style is \"text-align:center.\"", "colspan is a career", "280!", "366!", "199!", "3595!", "1924!", "5519!", "1329!", "It's 986!", "1.3!", "0.7", "12.8!", "6.9", "18.9!", "!", "There are links to 1981 births and Norm Smith medal winners." ]

[ "Paul Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", ". Chapmanm", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman" ]

[ "Paul Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapmanji G", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman", "Chapman" ]

[ "Christoph Voll (27 April 1897 in Munich – 16 June 1939 in Karlsruhe) was a German sculptor and graphic artist associated with Expressionism.", "He was a member of the politically active avant-garde group of Dresden artists known as the Dresdner Sezession.", "Beginnings \nChristoph Voll was born in Munich in April 1897, as the son of sculptor Roman Voll and painter Augusta Felicitas.", "His father died shortly after his son's birth, and his mother decided to leave him and his sisters for extended periods in orphanages run by nuns.", "A childhood characterised by the stern and cold authority of the sisters, and a distant mother figure, impacted Voll profoundly.", "This is evident in his early works in particular, which see the nun and orphan as recurring themes.", "His childhood also seems to have prompted a degree of social indignation.", "Voll felt closely affiliated with ‘ordinary’ people, and often made them models for his work.", "According to Voll himself, he already began expressing himself artistically in the orphanages, where he would make drawings and even small sculptures of dried bread.", "In 1911, Voll's mother moved from Munich to Dresden after having remarried.", "Here, Voll gained apprenticeship with the sculptor Albert Starke, from whom he learned the basic techniques of sculpting.", "In 1915, he joined the army and spent four years fighting in WW1 (including at the French and Russian fronts).", "He was awarded the Iron Cross (2nd degree) and subsequently produced a few works with war themes (e.g.", "Soldat mit verwundetem Kameraden from 1927 to 1928).", "Voll never spoke publicly about his war experiences, but remained an ardent pacifist for the rest of his life.", "Career \n\nAfter the war, Voll returned to Dresden, where he enrolled at the Kunstgewerbeschule and gradually entered Dresden's dynamic artistic milieu.", "In 1920, he joined the Dresdner Sezessionsgruppe 1919, a creative society of intellectuals and artists intent on recasting world orders according to a utopian form of socialism.", "The group included prominent contemporary artists such as Otto Dix, Conrad Felixmüller, Hugo Zehder (architect), Lasar Segall, Otto Schubert and Gela Forster.", "It was in the context of this group's exhibitions that Voll sold his first major works, and received important working grants.", "Oskar Kokoschka was an honorary member of the group, but never actually exhibited with them.", "Among Kokoschka's students was a young Danish painter, Erna Sørensen, and to his dismay, she and Voll fell in love and got married in May 1922.", "This initiated a period of artistic productivity and emotional calm in Voll's life; a combination that he very much attributed to the positive influence of his wife.", "Voll's participation in countless exhibitions (including those of Gruppe 1919) led to greater recognition as a major German artist, and in 1924 he won the professorial chair in plastic arts at the newly founded Schule für Kunst und Handwerk in Saarbrücken (at the recommendation of Sterl from the Dresdner Kunstakademie).", "This was an important period in his career and personal life.", "Saarland belonged to the poorest districts in Germany, and was predominantly inhabited by a working class population.", "After the end of WW1, the region came under French mandate as part of the Versailles accords.", "This status fostered a number of intense political ideologies, including a segregationist group intent on disassociating Saarland from both France and Germany.", "For a period, Voll appears to have sympathized with this notion (according to later testimonies from some of his students), though he never expressed this unequivocally.", "Artistically, Voll may have perceived Saarbrücken as a station in his career, but certainly not as the culmination.", "He continued to work in wood – especially oak – and was a dedicated teacher and instructor.", "Little is known about his personal life in this period, although his inclination to portray people in his life persisted.", "Consequently, we know that his social circle included the painter Oskar Trepte, who he knew from his years in Dresden, and the art critic Arthur Binz, whom he sculpted in 1925–26 (sold from the Hoh Collection to Germanisches Nationalmuseum in 2008).", "Also included in his social circle was the African-American painter William Johnson (artist), whom he and his wife Erna Krake met in Cagnes-sur Mer in 1928–29.", "During his time in Saarbrücken, Voll attained increasing recognition as an artist.", "In 1926, he participated in the International Art Fair of Dresden with three wooden sculptures, and this resonated with both the public and the artistic elite to such an extent that other major exhibitions followed; the most important of which was a solo exhibit at Galerie Neumann & Nierendorf in Berlin in 1927.", "As part of this wave of success, Voll was appointed Professor of Sculpture at the Badischen Kunsthochschule in Karlsruhe in 1928.", "Here, Voll intensified his professional life, dedicating himself fully to his work and his best students.", "This came at the expense of the students he deemed unworthy.", "His demanding approach to apprenticeship caused dismay and bruised egos among those that in his opinion were not dedicated or talented enough, and some of them would harbor enough resentment to later become key figures to feeding the national-socialist denunciation of Voll.", "In Karlsruhe, Voll engaged with his colleagues (Hubbuch, Schnarrenberger, and Scholz) to formulate and execute a new style, and the academy became a major center of Realism in Europe.", "It was not to last.", "By the late 1920s, Baden was marked by violent national-socialist tendencies.", "When the Nazis came to power in 1933, many of Voll's colleagues were forcefully entpflichtet from duty.", "While Voll was declared ‘Kulturbolschewist’, was interrogated, and was the subject of major ideological critiques, he escaped the initial wave of persecution, and was allowed to retain his position and continue his work.", "In this period, he turned away from some of his traditional leitmotifs, and began dedicating himself to portraying the female body, and in particular the complexity of its movement.", "Among his masterpieces from this period are major works in stone such as Eva/Erwachen (1928–33) and Sitzender Akt mit Zopf (1932).", "In 1937, the tides turned against Voll as well.", "His sculpture ‘Schwangere’ was selected for the exhibition of ‘Entartete Kunst’ in Munich.", "While the exhibit included many artists and works, Voll's sculpture was selected from more than 17,000 works that the Nazis has confiscated; reflecting the societal impact of his art.", "The exhibit sought to generate funds by selling so-called degenerate art to foreign collectors and institutions.", "Among the four agents charged with selling the confiscated art was Hildebrand Gurlitt, whose son, Cornelius Gurlitt, kept at least two of Voll's works in his private collection that was discovered in 2012.", "Before 1937 had ended, some of Voll's works were also denounced as degenerate in the Nazi publication SA-Mann.", "Voll's anno terribilis culminated in the de facto dismissal from the academy in Karlsruhe, when his contract was not extended.", "While Voll seems to have been painfully aware of the consequences of his beliefs and actions, in the end, both his art and his person were simply too expressive to be tolerated by the Nazi regime.", "Following his dismissal in 1937, Voll became increasingly affected by the toxic political milieu, and the propaganda launched against him.", "Over the following two years he tried dedicating himself to his work, but was far from as productive as during his time in Saarbrücken and Karlsruhe.", "He became ill – most likely of intestinal cancer, though Professor Dietrich Schubert of Heidelberg University has attributed his illness to the \"psychological disruptions\" he faced.", "In June 1939, Voll died at 42 years old.", "By then, his wife and daughter had sought refuge in Erna's native Denmark, and so his body was taken to Oksby, on the west coast of Denmark, where he was buried.", "The Nachlass Collection \nAt Voll's death in 1939, his art had already been declared ‘entartet’ and unwanted, and several of his major works appear to have been destroyed by the Nazis.", "It would require a dose of good fortune and the involvement of one of Voll's old acquaintances, Edvard Munch, to save most of his æuvre.", "Voll had visited Munch unannounced in Norway in 1925, and was at first dismissed at the door.", "But when he showed Munch photographs of his works, he was invited in and the two artists became friends.", "Munch subsequently expressed admiration for what he described as Voll's \"…primordial force and deep inner calm\".", "During the 1930s, Munch had repeatedly expressed interest in organizing a solo exhibit of Voll's works at the National Gallery in Oslo, but with Voll's diminishing status and the growing regional power of Germany, this became increasingly politicized and difficult.At Voll's death, his status had deteriorated into a formal prohibition against exhibition issued by the Ministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda in Berlin.", "The political pressures on Oslo lead to the abandonment of the project, but by then a sealed train wagon containing his works had reached Denmark, where it was seized, opened, and the works brought to safety.", "Northern Europe's cultural elites had through the past years witnessed the destruction of unwanted art and literature in Germany with great apprehension.", "Many of Voll's works had suffered similar fates, and it is likely that it was this concrete threat, which caused the Danish authorities to act.", "For the duration of the war, Voll's æuvre was stored in the cellars of Christiansborg (the Danish Parliament) in Copenhagen, and in 1948 a formal exhibit of the collection was set up in the same place.", "After the war, Voll's widow tried to retrieve what was left of her husband's work in Germany, but from friends and colleagues she learned that the works remaining in Karlsruhe were so damaged – both through deliberate destruction and because of the war – that nothing of real value remained.", "During the 1950s, Erna Voll gradually returned much of the collection to Karlsruhe, due to the better options for professional storage, exhibition and sale.", "The new director of the Kunsthalle, Dr Kurt Martin, was eager to redeem Voll in Germany's eyes, and several of the large stone sculptures were placed in public spaces such as the Botanical Garden.", "Voll's sensual female figures were nevertheless met with dire reactions from more conservative segments of society; reactions that at times were expressed through vandalism.", "This reactionary view of the art was nevertheless temporary, and between 1960 and 1964 a federally organized memorial exhibition of Voll toured German museums (Baden-Baden, Bremen, Kaiserslautern, Karlsruhe, Mannheim, Munich, Pforzheim and Saarbrücken).", "This led to a number of museum purchases from the collection, but not much more.", "References\n\nAnne-Marie Kassay-Friedländer (1994).", "Der Bildhauer Christoph Voll 1897–1939.", "(Manuskripte zur Kunstwissenschaft 39) Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms.", "1897 births\n1939 deaths\nExpressionist painters\n20th-century German painters\nGerman male painters\n20th-century German sculptors\n20th-century male artists\nGerman male sculptors\nRealist artists\nAcademy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe faculty\nGerman military personnel of World War I" ]

[ "Voll was a German sculptor and graphic artist associated with Expressionism.", "He was a member of the Dresdner Sezession.", "Voll was the son of sculptor Roman Voll and painter Augusta Felicitas.", "After his father died, his mother decided to leave him and his sisters in an orphanage run by nuns.", "Voll's childhood was characterized by stern and cold authority of the sisters and a distant mother figure.", "The nun and orphan are recurring themes in his early works.", "A degree of social indignation seems to have been caused by his childhood.", "Voll made ordinary people models for his work.", "Voll began to express himself artistically in the orphanages, where he would make drawings and sculptures of dried bread.", "After divorcing, Voll's mother moved to Dresden.", "Voll learned the basic techniques of sculpting from Albert Starke.", "He fought at the French and Russian fronts in WW1 after joining the army in 1915.", "He produced a few works with war themes after being awarded the Iron Cross.", "From 1927 to 1928.", "Voll was an ardent pacifist for the rest of his life, even though he never spoke publicly about his war experiences.", "After the war, Voll returned to his hometown of Dresden, where he began his artistic career.", "He joined the Dresdner Sezessionsgruppe 1919, a creative society of intellectuals and artists intent on changing world orders according to a utopian form of socialism.", "The group included prominent contemporary artists such as Conrad Felixmller.", "Voll received important working grants and sold his first major works in the context of this group's exhibitions.", "A member of the group, but never exhibited with them.", "Erna Srensen and Voll were married in 1922 after Voll fell in love with her.", "Voll attributed the calm in his life to the positive influence of his wife.", "Voll's participation in countless exhibitions led to greater recognition as a major German artist, and in 1924 he won the professorial chair in plastic arts.", "He had an important period in his career and personal life.", "The majority of the population in Saarland were from the working class.", "As part of the Versailles accords, the region came under French mandate after the end of WW1.", "A segregationist group intent on disassociating from France and Germany was one of the political ideologies fostered by this status.", "According to testimonies from some of his students, Voll sympathized with this idea for a while, though he never said it was true.", "Voll may have thought of Saarbrcken as a station in his career, but not as the end.", "He was a teacher and instructor and worked in wood.", "Although his inclination to portray people in his life persisted, little is known about his personal life in this period.", "The painter and art critic Arthur Binz, who he sculpted in 1925–26, was part of his social circle.", "The African-American painter William Johnson was included in his social circle, as well as his wife Erna Krake.", "Voll gained increasing recognition as an artist during his time in Saarbrcken.", "The most important of which was a solo exhibit at Galerie Neumann & Nierendorf in Berlin in 1927, was his participation in the International Art Fair of Dresden with three wooden sculptures, and this resonated with both the public and the artistic elite to such an extent that other major exhibitions followed.", "Voll was appointed Professor of Sculpture at the Badischen Kunsthochschule in Karlsruhe as part of the wave of success.", "Voll devoted himself to his work and his best students here.", "This was done at the expense of the students.", "His demanding approach to apprenticeship caused dismay and bruised egos among those that in his opinion were not dedicated or talented enough, and some of them would harbor resentment to later become key figures to feeding the national-socialist denunciation of Voll.", "The academy became a major center of Realism in Europe after Voll and his colleagues formulated and executed a new style.", "It wasn't going to last.", "By the late 1920s, Baden was marked by violent national-socialist tendencies.", "Voll's colleagues were kicked out of duty when the Nazis came to power.", "Voll escaped the initial wave of persecution and continued his work despite being declared a Kullschewist.", "He began dedicating himself to portraying the female body, and in particular the complexity of its movement, after he turned away from some of his traditional leitmotifs.", "His masterpieces from this period include Eva/Erwachen and Sitzender Akt mit Zopf.", "Voll was also affected by the tides in 1937.", "His sculpture was selected for an exhibition.", "Voll's sculpture was selected from more than 17,000 works that the Nazis have taken, reflecting the societal impact of his art.", "The goal of the exhibit was to raise funds by selling art.", "At least two of Voll's works were found in the private collection of Gurlitt's son, who was charged with selling the art.", "Voll's works were denounced by the Nazi publication SA-Mann before the end of 1937.", "Voll was dismissed from the academy in Karlsruhe when his contract was not renewed.", "Voll's art and his person were not allowed by the Nazi regime because they were too artistic.", "Voll became more affected by the toxic political environment after he was dismissed.", "He tried to dedicate himself to his work over the next two years, but was not as productive as he was during his time in Saarbrcken and Karlsruhe.", "The most likely cause of his illness was the \"psychological disruptions\" he faced.", "Voll died at 42 years old.", "His body was taken to Oksby, on the west coast of Denmark, where he was buried, because his wife and daughter had fled to the native country of Erna.", "Voll's art was declared \"entartet\" and \"unwanted\" by the Nazis, and several of his major works appear to have been destroyed.", "It would require good fortune and the help of one of Voll's old acquaintances to save most of his artwork.", "Voll was dismissed at the door when he visited Norway in 1925.", "The two artists became friends after he showed Munch photographs of his works.", "Voll's \"primordial force and deep inner calm\" was praised by Munch.", "With Voll's diminishing status and the growing regional power of Germany, it became increasingly politicized and difficult to organize a solo exhibit of Voll's works.", "After the abandonment of the project, a sealed train wagon containing his works was seized, opened, and the works were brought to safety.", "The destruction of art and literature in Germany has caused great concern to Northern Europe's cultural elites.", "It is likely that the concrete threat caused the Danes to act, as Voll's works had suffered similar fates.", "In 1948, a formal exhibit of Voll's uvre was set up in the same place where it had been stored for the duration of the war.", "After the war, Voll's widow tried to get what was left of her husband's work in Germany, but from friends and colleagues she learned that nothing of real value remained after the war.", "Due to the better options for professional storage, exhibition and sale, Erna Voll gradually returned much of the collection to Karlsruhe.", "Several of the large stone sculptures were placed in public spaces such as the Botanical Garden, as the new director of the Kunsthalle, Dr Kurt Martin, was eager to redeem Voll in Germany's eyes.", "Voll's sexy female figures were met with dire reactions from more conservative segments of society.", "Between 1960 and 1964 a memorial exhibition of Voll was held in German museums.", "There were a number of museum purchases from the collection.", "There are references to Anne-Marie Kassay-Friedlnder.", "Voll was from 1897 to 1939.", "The Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft is in Worms.", "German military personnel of World War I were born in 1897." ]

[ "Christoph Voll", "Christoph Voll", "Roman Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll" ]

[ "Voll", "Roman Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll", "Voll" ]

[ "James Erigena Barrett (March 28, 1875 – October 24, 1921) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) center fielder.", "A native of Athol, Massachusetts, he batted left-handed and threw right-handed.", "Barrett played 10 seasons in the major leagues with the Cincinnati Reds (1899–1900, 1906), Detroit Tigers (1901–05), and Boston Red Sox (1907–08).", "Barrett was the first star for the Tigers, playing for the Tigers in the first five years of their existence.", "He left the Tigers with the arrival of a new center fielder Ty Cobb.", "Barrett had a career batting average of .291 (21 points higher than the league average during the deadball years in which he played).", "He also had a career on-base percentage of .379.", "In 1903 and 1904, he led the American League in times on base and walks.", "Despite Barrett's having played in only 866 major league games, baseball historian, Bill James, ranks Barrett as the 72nd best center fielder of all time.", "Early years\nBorn in Athol, Massachusetts, Barrett served in the U.S. Army from 1894 to 1896.", "Barrett joined the company baseball team, playing shortstop for three years.", "In 1899, Barrett played for the Detroit team in the Western Association before being sold to the Cincinnati Reds in August 1899.", "In one month with the Reds in 1899, Barrett hit for a .370 batting average, .477 on-base percentage, and .478 slugging percentage.", "Barrett never matched those numbers again, but continued to be one of the better hitters of his time.", "In 1900, he hit .316, with a .400 on-base percentage and had career highs with 172 hits, 114 runs and 44 stolen bases (both 3rd best in the National League).", "Detroit Tigers (1901–1905)\nIn 1901, Barrett jumped to the new American League, signing with the Detroit Tigers.", "Barrett was the star of the Tigers team in the first five years of the franchise's history from 1901 to 1905.", "In 1901, Barrett was among the league leaders in the American League's inaugural season in runs scored with 110 (fifth), bases on balls with 76 (third), on-base percentage at .385 (ninth), times on base with 240 (fourth), and plate appearances with 630 (fourth).", "Barrett continued to rank among the best batters in the American League each year from 1901 to 1904.", "His .397 on-base percentage in 1902 was fourth highest in the league.", "In 1903, arguably his best season, Barrett led the league with a .407 on-base percentage, 74 bases on balls, and 243 times on base.", "In the 1904 season, despite a 154-game schedule, Barrett became the first major league player to appear in 162 games after Detroit set a season record with 10 tie games.", "His record for games played was unmatched until the schedules increased to 162 games in 1961.", "In 1904, Barrett also led the American League with 79 bases on balls and 249 times on base.", "Barrett was also an excellent fielder.", "He had a strong arm and led all American League outfielders in assists in three of the first four American League seasons.", "From 1900 to 1904, Barrett racked up an impressive total of 126 assists, including 31 in 1901 and 29 in 1904.", "He also led American League outfielders in putouts in 1902 (326) and 1904 (339).", "His range factor score was markedly above the league average from 1900 to 1904, including 1902 when his 2.56 range factor score was 0.52 points above the league average.", "During the 1903 and 1904 seasons, Barrett clashed with Detroit manager, Ed Barrow.", "In his autobiography, \"My Fifty Years in Baseball\", Barrow wrote that he never got along with Barrett.", "When Detroit owner, Frank Navin, blocked Barrow's efforts to trade the star center fielder, Barrow quit.", "Barrow wrote that, on one occasion, Barrett complained to Barrow that \"your methods take all the individuality away from a ballplayer.\"", "Barrow responded, \"Young man, if you ever speak to me that way again I will take more than your individuality away from you.", "I will knock your block off.\"", "In 1905, Barrow was gone as the Tigers' manager, but a leg injury slowed Barrett and resulted in his appearing in only 20 games.", "When Ty Cobb joined the Tigers in August, Barrett faced a new threat.", "Detroit's new manager Bill Armour introduced Cobb to Barrett.", "He told Cobb that Barrett's \"knee was on the bum, and I'm using you in his place in center field.", "Barrett was given the task of teaching Cobb the team's signs, which included a system Barrett had developed in 1905 for stealing the opponents' signs.", "Cobb wrote in his autobiography that the injured Barrett would sit in the center field stands with a pair of spyglasses \"strong enough to pick out the fillings in the opposition catcher's teeth.\"", "Barrett would then relay the signs to the batter using markings on a fence sign advertising The Detroit News.", "As Cobb proved his potential in 1905, Barrett became expendable.", "Barrett began to resent the young Cobb, who was a clear threat to his job.", "In early 1906, the Tigers sold Barrett back to the Cincinnati Reds, where he played in only five games.", "Later years\nBarrett spent his final two seasons in the major leagues playing for the Boston Red Sox in 1907 and 1908.", "However, he was never the same either as a batter or a fielder.", "He hit .244 in 1907 and dropped to .125 in 1908.", "He played his final major league game on May 13, 1908.", "A knee injury ended his career prematurely.", "He became a senior partner in the real estate firm of Barrett & Walsh in Detroit.", "Barrett died from \"a stroke of apoplexy\" (for the avoidance of doubt, apoplexy is an outdated medical term) at his office in October 1921 at age 46.", "He was buried in Detroit's Mount Olivet Cemetery.", "Notes\n\nExternal links\n\nBR Bullpen\n\n1875 births\n1921 deaths\n19th-century baseball players\nBoston Americans players\nBoston Red Sox players\nCincinnati Reds players\nDetroit Tigers players\nMajor League Baseball center fielders\nBaseball players from Massachusetts\nOswego Grays players\nDetroit Tigers (Western League) players\nRochester Bronchos players\nProvidence Grays (minor league) players\nMilwaukee Brewers (minor league) managers\nMilwaukee Brewers (minor league) players\nPeople from Athol, Massachusetts\nSportspeople from Worcester County, Massachusetts" ]

[ "James Erigena Barrett was a center fielder in the Major League Baseball.", "He was 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884", "In the 19th century, he played for the Cincinnati Reds, Detroit Tigers, and Boston Red Sox.", "The first star for the Tigers was Barrett, who played in the first five years of their existence.", "The arrival of a new center fielder made him leave the Tigers.", "During the deadball years in which he played, his batting average was 21 points higher than the league average.", "He had a career on base percentage of.379.", "He was the leader of the American League in times on base and walks.", "Bill James, a baseball historian, ranks Barrett as the 72nd best center fielder of all time despite having played in only 866 major league games.", "He served in the U.S. Army from 1894 to 1896.", "He played for three years on the company baseball team.", "The Detroit team in the Western Association was sold to the Cincinnati Reds in 1899.", "In one month with the Reds in 1899, he hit for a.370 batting average,.477 on-base percentage, and.478 slugging percentage.", "He was one of the better hitters of his time, but never matched those numbers again.", "He had career highs with 172 hits, 114 runs and 44 stolen bases in 1900, which was 3rd best in the National League.", "In 1901,Barrett signed with the Detroit Tigers, who were in the new American League.", "In the first five years of the franchise's history,Barrett was the star of the team.", "In 1901, the American League's inaugural season, Barrett was among the league leaders in runs scored, bases on balls, times on base, and plate appearances.", "From 1901 to 1904, he was one of the best hitters in the American League.", "He had the fourth highest on- base percentage in the league.", "In 1903, he led the league with a.407 on-base percentage, 74 bases on balls, and 243 times on base.", "After Detroit set a season record with 10 tie games,Barrett became the first major league player to appear in more than 150 games.", "He had a record for games played that was never before surpassed.", "In 1904, he led the American League in bases on balls and base hits.", "He was an excellent fielder.", "He led the American League in assists in three of the first four seasons.", "There were 31 assists in 1901 and 29 in 1904.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "His range factor score was much higher than the league average from 1900 to 1904.", "Ed Barrow was the Detroit manager during the 1903 and 1904 seasons.", "Barrow wrote in his book that he never got along with Barrett.", "Barrow quit after Detroit owner Frank Navin blocked his efforts to trade the star center fielder.", "Barrow wrote that on one occasion, Barrett complained that Barrow's methods took all the individuality away from a ball player.", "\"Young man, if you ever speak to me that way again, I will take more than your individuality away from you,\" Barrow said.", "I'll knock your block off.", "Barrow was gone as the Tigers' manager in 1905, but a leg injury slowed him and he only appeared in 20 games.", "There was a new threat when Ty Cobb joined the Tigers.", "Bill Armour was the new manager of Detroit.", "He said that he was using him in center field because of Barrett's injured knee.", "The task of teaching the team's signs was given to Barrett, who had developed a system for stealing opponents' signs in 1905.", "According to his book, the injured Barrett would sit in the center field stands with a pair of spyglasses \"strong enough to pick out the opposition catcher's teeth.\"", "The signs would be relayed to the batter using the markings on the fence sign.", "In 1905, as Cobb proved his potential, he became expendable.", "The young man was a threat to his job.", "In 1906, he was sold back to the Reds, where he played only five games.", "In 1907 and 1908, he played for the Boston Red Sox.", "He was never the same as a batter or a fielder.", "He hit.243 in 1907 and.125 in 1908.", "On May 13, 1908, he played his final major league game.", "His career was cut short by a knee injury.", "He joined the real estate firm in Detroit as a senior partner.", "In October 1921, at the age of 46, he died from a stroke of apoplexy, which is an outdated medical term.", "He was buried in Detroit.", "BR Bullpen 1875 births 1921 deaths 19th-century baseball players Boston Americans, Boston Red Sox, Cincinnati Reds, Detroit Tigers, Rochester Bronchos, and Providence Grays." ]

[ "James Erigena Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett" ]

[ "James Erigena Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett", "Barrett" ]

[ "Keith Schiller (born c. 1959) is an American former law enforcement official and security consultant who served as Deputy Assistant to U.S. President Donald Trump and Director of Oval Office Operations.", "Prior to his appointment in the Trump administration, Schiller served as the Director of Security for The Trump Organization.", "In this capacity, he was the personal bodyguard to Trump.", "He has been described as \"one of Trump's most loyal and trusted aides\" and \"a constant presence at Trump's side for nearly two decades.\"", "Early life\nBorn in the Bronx, the middle child of five, Schiller was raised in the Hudson Valley region, attending New Paltz High School and graduating in 1977.", "United States Navy\nSchiller joined the United States Navy after graduating from high school.", "He served primarily at the Little Creek base in Norfolk, Virginia, and also spent time as a boarding team leader on the USS Plymouth Rock, a landing ship for amphibious vehicles.", "After serving on the Special Boat Teams, he left active duty in 1982 and spent another two years in the reserve, serving until 1984.", "Career\n\nPlattekill Police Department and New York State Division for Youth\nAfter leaving the Navy in 1984, Schiller returned to New York.", "That same year, he found work as a counselor in the New York State Division for Youth (after volunteering as a counselor through his church) and concurrently served as a police officer at the Plattekill Police Department, holding these two jobs until 1992.", "New York City Police Department\nIn 1992, Schiller was hired by the New York City Police Department (NYPD).", "He graduated from the New York City Police Academy, and served as a patrol officer in northern Manhattan, at that time the epicenter of the cocaine trade.", "After a brief stint as an undercover officer, Schiller then joined the Street Narcotics Enforcement Unit, where he was the rammer (charged with breaking the door during raids), describing his job as \"busting into drug houses up to three times a night\".", "Schiller also spent time in the high-intensity drug-trafficking area, where he worked under then-Lieutenant David E. Chong, who describes Schiller as a \"devoted, physical and loyal officer\" who \"always had his boss's back\".", "Schiller regularly handled wiretaps, search warrants and large-scale seizures of drugs.", "Trump Organization and White House\nIn 1999, Schiller saw Marla Maples, Donald Trump's then-wife, at the Manhattan District Attorney's office, accompanied by a bodyguard, whom Schiller judged as not being particularly imposing.", "Seeking side work to supplement his NYPD salary, Schiller asked the assistant district attorney to put in a good word with Trump, so that he could be employed as a bodyguard.", "The Trump Organization eventually brought him on for a one-month trial and later that year hired him officially.", "Schiller remained a part-time bodyguard until he retired from the NYPD in 2002.", "In 2004, Trump named him his director of security.", "Schiller made headlines in 2015 when he hit a protester outside Trump Tower.", "He was appointed Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of Oval Office Operations after Trump assumed the office of the president in January 2017.", "In this role, he accompanied Jared Kushner to Iraq and sat in on meetings, and became known as a Trump fixer.", "Schiller was selected by Trump to personally deliver to FBI headquarters the letter telling FBI director James Comey that he was being dismissed \"effective immediately\"; Comey was not present at the time, learning of his firing from television reports while in Los Angeles.", "The following week, Schiller unintentionally exposed Secretary of Defense James Mattis' cell phone number when a photograph of Schiller carrying papers with the handwritten number on a sticky note was published in The Washington Post.", "On September 1, 2017, it was reported by CNN that Schiller intended to leave his White House position in late September or early October due to financial considerations.", "Although White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders dismissed the story as \"not true\", the next day, CBS News correspondent Major Garrett cited \"two White House sources\" as confirming that Schiller indeed planned to leave the White House and relocate to Florida for financial and professional reasons.", "Three people close to Schiller, speaking on background, also confirmed reports of his impending departure to The New York Times White House correspondent Maggie Haberman.", "Schiller refused to comment on the accuracy of the report, in keeping with his policy of declining interviews with journalists.", "Schiller left his White House position on September 20, 2017, reportedly after White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly told him he needed permission to speak to the president and to provide written reports of those conversations.", "Previously, Bloomberg had reported that Schiller would return to private security when he left the Trump Administration.", "On November 1, 2017, Schiller was named as one of several high-profile witnesses to be privately interviewed by the House Intelligence Committee as part of its Russia investigations.", "The interview took place on November 7, where he reportedly told the committee that the salacious allegations in the Donald Trump-Russia dossier were not true, and that he could not recall or was not aware of connections between Russia and Trump associates.", "He also testified that a Russian offered to send five women to Trump's hotel room during their 2013 trip to Moscow for the Miss Universe pageant but he rejected the offer.", "\"One source noted that Schiller testified he eventually left Trump's hotel room door and could not say for sure what happened during the remainder of the night.\"", "Republican National Committee\nWhen Schiller left the White House in October 2017, his security company, KS Global Group LLC, was hired by the Republican National Committee to provide security consultation relating to the committee's 2020 convention.", "References\n\nExternal links\nTwitter\n\n1959 births\nLiving people\nAmerican police detectives\nBodyguards\nNew York City Police Department officers\nTrump administration personnel\nUnited States Navy sailors\nUnited States Navy reservists\nPeople from the Bronx" ]

[ "A former law enforcement official and security consultant who served as a deputy assistant to the president and director of Oval Office operations, is a man who was born in 1959.", "Prior to his appointment in the Trump administration, he was the Director of Security for The Trump Organization.", "He was the personal bodyguard to Trump.", "A constant presence at Trump's side for nearly two decades, he has been described as one of Trump's most loyal and trusted aides.", "Schiller was raised in the Hudson Valley region and graduated from New Paltz High School in 1977.", "After graduating from high school, he joined the United States Navy.", "He spent most of his time at the Little Creek base in Norfolk, Virginia, where he served as a boarding team leader.", "After serving on the Special Boat Teams, he left active duty in 1982 and spent two years in the reserve.", "The New York State Division for Youth is a career for the Plattekill Police Department.", "He served as a police officer at the Plattekill Police Department and as a counselor in the New York State Division for Youth after volunteering as a counselor through his church.", "The New York City Police Department hired Schiller in 1992.", "He served as a patrol officer in northern Manhattan at the epicenter of the cocaine trade after graduating from the New York City Police Academy.", "After a brief stint as an undercover officer, Schiller joined the street narcotics enforcement unit, where he was charged with breaking the door during raids, and described his job as \" busting into drug houses up to three times a night\".", "In the high-intensity drug-trafficking area, where he worked, he was described as a \"devoted, physical and loyal officer\" who always had his boss's back.", "Large-scale seizures of drugs were handled by Schiller.", "At the Manhattan District Attorney's office in 1999, Donald Trump's wife, Marla Maples, was accompanied by a bodyguard who was not imposing.", "The assistant district attorney was asked to put in a good word with Trump so that he could be employed as a bodyguard.", "He was hired by the Trump Organization after a one-month trial.", "He retired from the NYPD in 2002.", "Trump named him his director of security.", "In 2015, he hit a protester outside of Trump Tower.", "He was appointed the Director of Oval Office Operations after Trump took office.", "He was part of the team that went to Iraq and became known as a Trump fixer.", "The FBI director was not present at the time the letter was delivered to FBI headquarters because he was in Los Angeles.", "The Secretary of Defense's cell phone number was accidentally exposed the following week when a photograph of Schiller carrying papers with a handwritten number on a sticky note was published in The Washington Post.", "CNN reported on September 1, 2017, that the White House's chief of staff, David Schiller, intended to leave his position in late September or early October due to financial considerations.", "The story was dismissed by the White House Press Secretary, Sarah Huckabee Huckabee, as \"not true\" by the CBS News correspondent, Major Garrett.", "Three people close to Schiller confirmed reports of his departure to The New York Times White House correspondent.", "In keeping with his policy of declining interviews with journalists, Schiller refused to comment on the accuracy of the report.", "After White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly told him he needed permission to speak to the president, he left his White House position.", "When he left the Trump Administration, it was reported that he would return to private security.", "The House Intelligence Committee decided to interview several high-profile witnesses privately as part of its Russia investigations.", "He told the committee that the salacious allegations in the Donald Trump-Russia dossier were not true, and that he was unaware of any connections between Russia and Trump associates.", "He testified that a Russian offered to send five women to Trump's hotel room in Moscow, but he turned them down.", "One source said that a witness testified that he left Trump's hotel room door and couldn't say for sure what happened during the rest of the night.", "The Republican National Committee hired Schiller's security company to provide security for their 2020 convention after he left the White House.", "External links include 1959 births, American police detectives, New York City Police Department officers, Trump administration personnel, United States Navy sailors, and people from the Bronx." ]

[ "Keith Schiller", "Schiller" ]

[ "David Schiller", "Schiller", "Schiller" ]

[ "Henrietta Stewart (1573–1642), was a Scottish courtier.", "She was the influential favourite of the queen of Scotland, Anne of Denmark.", "Life\nHenrietta Stewart was the daughter of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, favourite of James VI of Scotland, and Catherine de Balsac.", "On 16 June 1581 the king gave Henrietta the right to award the marriage of the Earl of Huntly, which was forfeited to the crown.", "Their marriage contract was made in 1586, while she was in France, and James VI granted the Duke of Lennox 5000 merks to organise her transport from France.", "Henrietta, her sister Marie and her brother Ludovic came back to Scotland from France in November 1583 with their mother to see James VI.", "The two sisters returned in June 1588 and were lodged in Edinburgh at the town's expense.", "Marriage and masque\nOn 21 July 1588, Henrietta married George Gordon, Earl of Huntly, at Holyroodhouse.", "Before the wedding the couple were made to declare their (Protestant) faith, without which the minister John Craig would not declare the banns.", "James VI of Scotland wrote a masque to be performed at the wedding celebrations.", "The king sent requests to lairds, like Robert Murray of Abercairny, for \"venison, wild fowls, fed capons\" for the feasts.", "The celebrations involving \"plays and masquerades\" lasted two or three days.", "Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell gave her a chain of pearls and hair garnishings.", "There was \"great triumph, mirth, and pastime.\"", "Marie Stewart became a lady-in-waiting in the household of Anne of Denmark in December 1590 at Henrietta's request, which increased Henrietta's access at court.", "She married the Earl of Mar in December 1592.", "Their younger sister Gabrielle was a nun in France at Glatigny, but a scheme for her to marry Hugh Montgomerie, 5th Earl of Eglinton in 1598 came to nothing.", "After the murder of the Earl of Moray by the Clan Gordon at Donibristle in February 1592, James VI allowed her to stay at court, and gave her and her followers legal protection.", "In February 1593 King James came north to punish and subdue the earls of Huntly, Angus, and Erroll for plotting on behalf of the Catholic faith but they went into hiding.", "Henrietta and Elizabeth Douglas, Countess of Erroll came to him at Aberdeen and he allowed them to keep their houses and estates.", "She was at court in May 1593 with a \"greater train and busier heads than are thought fit\" according to the English diplomat Robert Bowes.", "He and some of the Privy Council tried to persuade James VI to send her away.", "On 31 May she accompanied the queen and her sister the Countess of Mar to Leith to inspect the ship of the Danish ambassadors Niels Krag and Steen Bille at Leith.", "In June 1593 Robert Bowes argued the king should send her from court.", "A Scottish ambassador Sir Robert Melville sent to London would be able report this action to Queen Elizabeth, who would approve of it.", "Henrietta Stewart went to Leith and intended to go north to Carneborough near Strathbogie.", "However, she came back to court in September 1593 at the invitation of the queen, and it was supposed Anna of Denmark had invited her to please the king.", "Henrietta came to be a favourite of the queen, Anna of Denmark, and exerted an influence over her which became controversial.", "Henrietta was known to be a fervent Catholic, and the friendship between her and Anne was politically sensitive and developed into a cause for conflict between the king and the queen.", "It also brought Queen Anne negative publicity and exposed her to criticism from the Scottish church.", "Henrietta Stewart is speculated to have played a part in Queen Anne's rumoured secret Catholic conversion.", "When she parted from the court in April 1594, the disapproving English ambassador Robert Bowes wrote that the queen gave her gifts that were \"liberal and exceeding the common order and proportion used here.\"", "Seeking audience at court\nHenrietta was able to further her husband's cause at court even when he was forfeited, except in June 1594 when James expressly forbade her attendance.", "She defied his order, and came to Leith and visited Anne of Denmark at Holyroodhouse in \"base array\", disguised as a servant, on a day when the king had gone to Stirling Castle to see the building work on the new Chapel Royal.", "James VI told the English ambassador Robert Bowes that \"by evil advice the Queen was drawn lately to give over-great countenance to the Countess of Huntly\".", "The king suggested that problems were partly caused by friction between some members of his Privy Council and the council appointed to manage the queen's estates.", "Bowes realised that Huntly and his factions depended on the Countess interceding for them.", "She was able to give the king and Privy Council a petition for the restoration of the Huntly lands.", "The Queen helped, and when it was refused asked for the lands to be given to her.", "Bowes was able to search the registers to check that such a document had not been issued.", "James VI comes to Huntly Castle\nOn 6 July 1594 James VI ordered Robert Melville to tell her to leave Edinburgh, and she went to Seton Palace and took a ship to Aberdeen.", "At Huntly Castle, the Earl was confidently building a new hall and gallery.", "At the end of October 1594 James VI came to Huntly Castle to demolish or slight the building.", "David Foulis wrote to Anthony Bacon that the Countess of Huntly watched the demolition and was not allowed to have an audience with the king to plead her case.", "The kirk minister Andrew Melville was present and urged James VI to blow the castle up.", "The king placed the castle and estates in the hands of Sir John Gordon of Pitlurg, but on 9 November 1594 he requested that Pitlurg should not take up her rental incomes.", "Her brother, the Duke of Lennox, was the left as the king's lieutenant at Elgin, declared that she was his enemy because her husband had not left Scotland, and she would not get her \"living\" or landed income unless she came south.", "Lord Gordon at Court\nThe ministers of the Kirk of Scotland petitioned the king in March 1595 that she and the Countess of Erroll should be forced to live in or near Edinburgh.", "They also requested that her son, Lord Gordon, should be kept by the king.", "In October 1596 pressure was exerted on her and her husband to convert from Catholicism by taking away her eldest son Lord Gordon.", "He was delivered to Anna of Denmark to be brought up at court and sent to the University of Edinburgh as a pupil of Robert Rollock.", "Anna of Denmark bought him clothes including a velvet coat and a belt with a little dagger.", "David Moysie wrote that Henrietta's representations to a Convention of the Estates were twice rejected.", "On 19 October 1596 Henrietta's representatives presented her signed seven-point offer to the Synod of the Presbyteries of Moray at Elgin on behalf of her husband, undertaking to assist the Protestant ministry and to eject Jesuits from his company.", "In favour again\nShe was a godmother to Princess Elizabeth at her christening on 28 November 1596, attended the birth of Princess Margaret at Dalkeith Palace in December 1598, and held Prince Charles at his christening in 1600.", "It was noted in November 1600 that she was \"chiefest\" in favour with Anna of Denmark.", "At the ceremony of the Riding of the Parliament in Edinburgh in January 1598, she and Anna of Denmark and the Countess of Erroll rode to Mercat Cross and watched the symbolic restoration of the forfeited earls of Angus, Erroll and Huntly, by the Lyon King of Arms to the sound of trumpets.", "It was said that the queen had so much favour to Henrietta and the Countess of Erroll that sometimes she shared a bed with one or the other.", "In April 1601 two male servants of the Marquess of Huntly were banished from Edinburgh for life for hearing the mass, and Henrietta Stewart was requested to remove from her company two female servants Margaret Wood and Barclay who had heard mass.", "She was at Stirling Castle on 24 December 1602 seeing Prince Henry and her sister, the Countess of Mar, and both sisters travelled to Holyrood Palace the next day.", "In March 1609 the Venetian ambassador in London, Marc' Antonio Correr heard that she had written to Anne of Denmark to intercede with King James for her husband, who was imprisoned in Scotland as a Catholic.", "James replied to Henrietta that Anne would not interfere with royal orders.", "She died on 2 September 1642 in Paris.", "She was buried at Lyon where her mother was buried.", "Her name is carved in stone across the upper storey of Huntly Castle in 20-inch letters, in equal prominence to her husband's.", "Surgundo and Cherina\nAn anonymous author of the late 1590s composed an epic poem 'Surgundo: The Valiant Christian' which features George Gordon and Henrietta as Surgundo and Cherina.", "Many names in the poem are simple anagrams, her father, the Duke of Lennox, was Prince Exonill, Thulyne is Huntly, and so on.", "Verses in praise of Henrietta include:But O Cherina, dare I be so boldTo aim at thy perfections yet untoldWhen as Apollo, father of the artsUpon a time to try his daughter's partsSets the nine maids of memory at strifeTo paint pure virtue's picture to the life...Cherina, O, Cherina is my theme.", "Family\nIt was reported that she had a son in February 1590.", "Her children included:\n Anne Gordon, who married James Stuart, 3rd Earl of Moray.", "Elizabeth Gordon, who married Alexander Livingston, 2nd Earl of Linlithgow in 1611.", "Mary Gordon, who married William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas.", "George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly, and Earl of Enzie.", "Francis Gordon (d. 1620)\n Adam Gordon of Aboyne, and later of Auchindoun\n Laurence Gordon, died at Huntly aged 20\n Jean Gordon, who married Claud Hamilton, 2nd Baron Hamilton of Strabane\n John Gordon, Viscount of Melgum, who married Sophia Hay, a daughter of Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll and Elizabeth Douglas.", "He died in the fire at Frendraught Castle in 1630.", "References \n\n Ruth Grant, in Elizabeth L. Ewan, Sue Innes, Sian Reynolds, Rose Pipes, Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women (Edinburgh, 2018), pp.", "411–412.", "Susan Dunn-Hensley, Anna of Denmark and Henrietta Maria: Virgins, Witches, and Catholic Queens\n Ruth Grant, 'Friendship, politics and religion: George Gordon, Sixth Earl of Huntly and King James VI, 1581–1595', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven Reid, James VI and Noble Power (Abingdon, 2017), pp.", "57–90.", "1573 births\n1642 deaths\nScottish ladies-in-waiting\nScottish royal favourites\nHuntly\n16th-century Scottish women\n17th-century Scottish women\nScottish Roman Catholics\nDaughters of British dukes\nHousehold of Anne of Denmark" ]

[ "Stewart was a Scottish courtier.", "She was a close friend of the queen of Scotland.", "Esmé Stewart was the daughter of the 1st Duke of Lennox and Catherine de Balsac.", "The marriage of the Earl of Huntly was forfeited to the crown after the king gave Henrietta the right to award it.", "While she was in France, James VI granted the Duke of Lennox 5000 merks to arrange her transportation.", "They came back to Scotland from France in 1583 with their mother to see James VI.", "The sisters were lodged in Edinburgh at the expense of the town.", "George Gordon, Earl of Huntly, married Henrietta at Holyroodhouse in July of 1588.", "The couple were made to declare theirProtestant faith before the wedding, but the minister wouldn't declare the banns.", "The wedding celebrations will be performed by James VI of Scotland.", "Robert Murray received a request from the king forvenison, wild fowls, and fed capons.", "Two or three days were the length of the celebrations.", "The 5th Earl of Bothwell gave her a chain of pearls.", "There was a great triumph.", "At Henrietta's request, Marie Stewart became a lady-in-waiting in the household of Anne ofDenmark in December 1590.", "The Earl of Mar married her in December 1592.", "There was a plan to marry Hugh Montgomerie, 5th Earl of Eglinton, but it came to nothing.", "James VI gave her and her followers legal protection after the Clan Gordon murdered the Earl of Moray.", "The earls of Huntly, Angus, and Erroll went into hiding after King James came to punish them for their actions.", "The Countess of Erroll allowed the Douglas' to keep their houses and estates.", "According to the English diplomat Robert Bowes, she was at court in May 1593 with a \"greater train and busier heads than are thought fit\".", "The Privy Council tried to get James VI to send her away.", "The queen and her sister, the Countess of Mar, went to Leith on 31 May to inspect the ship of the Danes.", "Robert Bowes argued in June of 1593 that the king should remove her from court.", "Sir Robert Melville would be able to report this action to Queen Elizabeth, who would approve of it.", "The woman went to Leith and intended to go north.", "She came back to court in September 1593 at the request of the queen, who was said to have invited her to please the king.", "The influence that Henrietta had over Anna became controversial because she was a favourite of the queen.", "The friendship between Anne and Henrietta was politically sensitive and led to a conflict between the king and the queen.", "Queen Anne was exposed to criticism from the Scottish church.", "Queen Anne is said to have had a secret Catholic conversion.", "The English ambassador wrote that the queen gave her gifts that were \"liberal and exceeding the common order and proportion used here.\"", "When her husband was forfeited, she was able to continue her husband's cause at court even though she was not allowed to attend.", "On a day when the king went to Stirling Castle to see the building work on the Chapel Royal, she came to Leith dressed as a servant and visited Anne of Danes at Holyroodhouse.", "The English ambassador was told by James VI that the Queen was drawn recently to give over-great countenance to the Countess of Huntly.", "The king said that some members of his Privy Council and the council he appointed to manage the queen's estates were at odds.", "Huntly and his group depended on the Countess to help them.", "She gave the king and Privy Council a petition to restore the Huntly lands.", "When it was refused, the Queen helped and asked for the lands to be given to her.", "The register was searched to see if the document had been issued.", "James VI came to Huntly Castle in July of 1594 and ordered Robert Melville to tell her to leave Edinburgh.", "The Earl was building a new hall at Huntly Castle.", "James VI came to Huntly Castle to take down the building.", "The Countess of Huntly was not allowed to have an audience with the king to plead her case because she watched the demolition.", "Andrew Melville urged James VI to blow the castle up.", "Sir John Gordon of Pitlurg was placed in charge of the castle and estates by the king, but he requested that she not take up her rental incomes.", "She would not get her \"living\" or landed income unless she came south because her brother declared that she was his enemy because her husband had not left Scotland.", "The ministers of the Kirk of Scotland petitioned the king in March of 1595 to force them to live in Edinburgh.", "Lord Gordon should be kept by the king.", "Pressure was put on her and her husband to convert from Catholicism after Lord Gordon was taken away.", "He was sent to the University of Edinburgh as a student of Robert Rollock.", "Anna bought him a velvet coat and a belt with a dagger.", "According to David Moysie, Henrietta's representations to the Convention of the Estates were twice rejected.", "On 19 October 1596, Henrietta's representatives presented a seven point offer to the Synod of the Presbyteries of Moray at Elgin on behalf of her husband, undertaking to assist the Protestant ministry and to remove Jesuits from his company.", "She attended the birth of Princess Margaret at Dalkeith Palace in December 1598, and held Prince Charles at his funeral in 1600.", "She was the \"chiefest\" in favor of Anna.", "At the ceremony of the Riding of the Parliament in Edinburgh in January 1598, she and Anna ofDenmark and the Countess of Erroll rode to Mercat Cross and watched the symbolic restoration of the forfeited earls of Angus, Erroll and Huntly.", "It was said that the queen shared a bed with both of them, because she had so much affection for both of them.", "Two male servants of the Huntly family were banned from Edinburgh for life for hearing the mass and two female servants were asked to leave.", "She and her sisters went to Holyrood Palace the next day after seeing Prince Henry and the Countess of Mar at Stirling Castle.", "In March 1609, the Venetian ambassador in London heard that Anne of Danes had written to King James to intercede for her husband, who was imprisoned in Scotland as a Catholic.", "James said that Anne wouldn't interfere with royal orders.", "She died in Paris.", "Her mother was buried at Lyon.", "Her name is carved in stone across the upper storey of Huntly Castle, just like her husband's.", "The poem 'Surgundo: The Valiant Christian' was written by an anonymous author in the late 1590s.", "Her father, the Duke of Lennox, was one of the names in the poem.", "When as Apollo, father of the arts, he had a time to try his daughter's parts.", "She had a son in February of 1590.", "Anne Gordon married James Stuart, 3rd Earl of Moray.", "Alexander Livingston was the 2nd Earl of Linlithgow.", "Mary Gordon was married to William Douglas.", "George Gordon was the 2nd Marquess of Huntly.", "Jean Gordon, the wife of John Gordon, the Viscount of Melgum, died at Huntly at the age of 20.", "He died in a fire at Frendraught Castle.", "There are references to Ruth Grant in the Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women.", "411–412", "Ruth Grant wrote 'Friendship, politics and religion: George Gordon, Sixth Earl of Huntly and King James VI, 1581–1595'.", "57–90", "Scottish royal favorites Huntly 16th-century Scottish women and Scottish Roman Catholics died in 1642." ]

[ "Henrietta Stewart", "Henrietta Stewart", "Esmé Stewart", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Francis Stewart", "Marie Stewart", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta Stewart", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta Stewart", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta Stewart", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta Maria" ]

[ "Stewart", "Stewart", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Marie Stewart", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta", "Henrietta" ]

[ "John Chapman \"Chap\" Petersen (born March 27, 1968) is an American politician.", "A Democrat, he served in the Virginia House of Delegates 2002–06, was elected to the Virginia State Senate in November 2007, and was reelected in 2011.", "He the state's 34th district, made up of the city of Fairfax and large parts of Fairfax County.", "Early life\nPetersen graduated from Fairfax High School in 1986.", "He received a B.A.", "degree from Williams College in 1990 and a J.D.", "from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1994, when he began practicing law.", "He a partner with the law firm of Surovell, Markle, Isaacs & Levy, PLC.", "Petersen's wife Sharon Kim (born September 10, 1970, Daegu, South Korea), is a practicing attorney; the couple have four children.", "Political career\nPetersen served on the Fairfax city council 1998–2001.", "He was elected to two terms in the House of Delegates, both times (2001 and 2003) defeating his predecessor, Republican Jack Rust.", "In 2005, Petersen ran for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.", "He was defeated in the Democratic primary, finishing third with 22% of the vote in a four-way race, behind State Senator Leslie L. Byrne and State Delegate Viola Baskerville, but ahead of State Senator Phil Puckett.", "In 2006, Petersen was a senior advisor to Democratic Senate candidate Jim Webb, who defeated incumbent Republican Senator George Allen.", "2007 State Senate election\nPetersen announced his candidacy for the 34th district seat in the State Senate, Wednesday, January 3, 2007.", "He defeated incumbent Republican Jeannemarie Devolites-Davis, wife of Congressman Thomas M. Davis, in the November 2007 election, taking 55% of the vote.", "The district had been the most Democratic state senate district held by a Republican.", "Campaign flyer flap\nDuring the week of October 22, 2007, the Devolites-Davis campaign sent out 60,000 campaign flyers accusing Petersen of not disclosing that his former law firm was working on issues that Petersen voted on while in the House of Delegates.", "The flyer included a copy of a section of Petersen's Statement of Economic Interest, which he filed while serving in the House.", "It includes Petersen's home address, telephone number, and the names of his wife and children, which were not redacted.", "Petersen held a press conference on October 26 in front of Devolites-Davis' headquarters in Fairfax.", "He said that \"words cannot describe the anger I feel\" about the flyer, and called it \"shocking\" that Devolites-Davis would use his personal information in such a manner.", "Petersen said that advertising his personal information was not in and of itself a problem, but using it in an attack ad went too far.", "Such tactics, Petersen said, endangered his family.", "Devolites-Davis said in her own press conference that Petersen himself published the names and pictures of his family, and showed a mailer from the Petersen campaign showing pictures of his children.", "The mailer identifies the children by name.", "She claimed the Petersen campaign uploaded a video to YouTube which brought up her daughter's armed robbery conviction of several years ago.", "According to WUSA, there is no evidence that anyone from the Petersen camp uploaded the video.", "Political positions\n\nGun control\nPetersen has voted multiple times against Castle Doctrine bills.", "In January 2011, Petersen voted against Senate Bill 876 (Castle Doctrine) which would have allowed “a lawful occupant use of physical force, including deadly force, against an intruder in his dwelling who has committed an overt act against him, without civil liability.” In February 2011, Petersen was one of eight senators on the Senate Courts of Justice Committee who “passed by indefinitely” House Bill 1573, defeating the bill by an 8 to 4 margin.", "In February 2020, Petersen was one of four Democrats in the Virginia State Senate who broke party ranks to defeat an assault weapons ban.", "Controversy over voting record\nIn mid-October 2007, Devolites-Davis, Petersen's opponent, began running television ads showing a photo of her opponent Chap Petersen with text stating \"Supports Increasing the Estate Tax\", \"Supports a 38 cent gas tax increase\", and \"Voted for Concealed Weapons on School Property\" superimposed.", "The voiceover attributed these allegations to Petersen's prior votes in the Virginia House of Delegates.", "Davis's website contains references to past Petersen votes.", "He responded that he never voted to increase the Virginia estate tax.", "Petersen co-sponsored bills, including SB 1309, intending to preserve the tax for Virginians in higher income brackets.", "Petersen also denied ever supporting a 38 cent gas tax increase.", "He recently explained that he supported the current law which makes it a felony to possess a gun on school grounds, but voted for a bipartisan bill, HB 2535, which gave a limited exception to parents with licensed concealed carry permits who pick up their children at school, for just school driveways.", "That bill was signed into law in 2005.", "Defense of Washington Redskins name\n\nAs controversy has grown over the name of the Washington Redskins, Petersen has become a vocal defender of his local sports team.", "In 2014, he initiated a \"Redskins Pride Caucus\" in the Virginia Legislature.", "Although Petersen's position is unconventional for his political party, he has said that several other Virginia Democrats have privately supported him on this issue.", "Citing support that he has received from individual Native Americans, Petersen has said, \"I get it from all points.", "And listen - if somebody is offended, I'm not going to deny that that's a sincere feeling.", "But you can't just take that and scrub out the feelings of 100,000 other people.\"", "When the Daily Show produced an episode that aired September 25, 2014 featuring local Redskins fans confronted by Native Americans, Petersen contacted the producers in an attempt to withdraw the fans' consent to appear.", "According Petersen, these fans had been misled about the nature of the segment, prior to signing their releases.", "Although the segment was not pulled, Jon Stewart, host of The Daily Show, acknowledged on air that the fans were upset with the situation.", "Petersen has also given legal representation to the Native American Tribal Association, a nation-wide group of Native Americans who are opposed to the removal of Native American mascots.", "COVID-19 School Closures \nThroughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Petersen has come under fire for what critics have called extreme stances on school closures.", "In June 2020, Petersen said on \"The John Fredericks Show\" when discussing Jim Crow laws \"Look, there were some bad decisions made, but at least they had a school system, ok, at least they had a functioning school system.\"", "This statement quickly drew controversy from Virginia Democrats who noted the history of massive resistance in Virginia where school systems refused to integrate.", "The Prince Edward County School Board even shut down schools for nearly five years rather than desegregate.", "In January 2021, Petersen announced he would propose an amendment to the Virginia state budget to require schools receiving state funding to allow in-person learning.", "Petersen proposed the amendment in spite of the Fairfax County Democratic Committee voting with 98% support of a resolution asking \"state legislators to refrain from coercing the FCPS school board to change their school reopening plan by threatening to cut their budget.\"", "Personal career\n\nDefense Attorney for Advanced Towing \n\nOn June 25, 2020, Attorney General Mark R. Herring filed a lawsuit against Advanced Towing Company, LLC, a towing and recovery operator based in Arlington, Virginia.", "The Complaint alleges that Advanced Towing has violated Virginia and Arlington County towing code provisions, resulting in towing conduct that is “frequently predatory, aggressive, overreaching and illegal.” Petersen represented Advanced Towing in the case.", "Advanced Towing had been known in Arlington Virginia for being extremely aggressive with their towing procedures and had been accused of illegal practices for many years, including towing cars with children inside and damaging towed vehicles.", "In 2015 they made the news for an incident involving ESPN's Britt McHenry.", "The outcome of the case resulted in $750 in civil penalties and did not award restitution to consumers.", "The prosecution had depended on \"the victims of Advanced’s dangerous towing practices who voluntarily testified in court to tell their story.", "Advanced Towing has employed predatory and illegal towing practices for years, costing Virginia consumers hundreds, if not thousands of dollars, and it deserves to be held accountable for its actions.\"", "In the ruling, the Judge William Newman, “Although the Defendant’s conduct is sanctionable, the Court is constrained by the remedies available in both the Virginia and Arlington County Code.\"", "The court found there were “deficiencies” in Advanced Towing’s business practices and record keeping, the court “does not find evidence to issue a permanent injunction against Defendant.”\n\nPetersen argued that “the office of the Attorney General wants to put my client out of business.” and said the ruling largely vindicates the company and owner John O’Neill.", "Petersen said the AG’s office did not provide enough evidence that Advanced Towing did anything illegal and called the lawsuit “overkill.”\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\n (Constituent/campaign website)\n\nExternal links\n\n Chap Petersen blog at OxRoadSouth.com\n Project Vote Smart - John Chapman 'Chap' Petersen profile\nFollow the Money - J Chapman Petersen\n2005 2003 2001 campaign contributions\nWashington Post - Senate District 34 Race\n\nVirginia state senators\nMembers of the Virginia House of Delegates\nVirginia city council members\nVirginia lawyers\nVirginia Democrats\n1968 births\nLiving people\nUniversity of Virginia School of Law alumni\nWilliams College alumni\nPoliticians from Fairfax, Virginia\n21st-century American politicians" ]

[ "John Chapman \"Chap\" Petersen was born in 1968.", "He was elected to the Virginia State Senate in 2007, and reelected in 2011.", "The state's 34th district is made up of the city of Fairfax.", "Petersen graduated from Fairfax High School in 1986.", "He received a degree.", "The J.D. degree was obtained from Williams College.", "He graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1994.", "He is a partner in the law firm.", "Sharon Kim is a practicing attorney and the couple have four children.", "In 1998–2001, he was on the Fairfax city council.", "He was elected to two terms in the House of Delegates, defeating his predecessor, Republican Jack Rust.", "In 2005, she ran for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.", "He finished third in the Democratic primary with 22% of the vote, but ahead of State Senator Phil Puckett.", "Jim Webb defeated incumbent Republican Senator George Allen in the 2006 Senate election.", "On January 3, 2007, he announced his candidacy for the 34th district seat in the State Senate.", "He defeated the wife of Congressman Thomas M. Davis in the November 2007 election, taking 45% of the vote.", "The district was held by a Republican.", "During the week of October 22, 2007, the Devolites-Davis campaign sent out 60,000 flyers accusing Petersen of not revealing that his former law firm was working on issues that he voted on while in the House of Delegates.", "A section of his Statement of Economic Interest was included in the flyer.", "The names of his wife and children were not blacked out.", "The press conference was held in front of the headquarters.", "He said that he was angry about the flyer and that it was shocking that someone would use his personal information in such a way.", "He said that advertising his personal information was not a problem, but using it in an attack ad went too far.", "Such tactics put his family at risk.", "In her own press conference, she said that the names and pictures of his family were published by him, as well as a mailer from his campaign showing pictures of his children.", "The children are identified by name in the mailer.", "Her daughter's armed robbery conviction was brought up in a video uploaded by the Petersen campaign.", "There is no evidence that anyone from the Petersen camp uploaded the video.", "Petersen has voted against Castle Doctrine bills before.", "Senate Bill 876 would have allowed lawful occupant use of physical force, including deadly force, against an invader in his dwelling who has committed an overt act against him, without civil liability.", "The assault weapons ban was defeated by four Democrats in the Virginia State Senate.", "The issue of voting record was brought up in October of 2007, when the opponent began running television ads showing a photo of her opponent with text stating \"Supports Increasing the Estate Tax\", \"Supports a 38 cent gas tax increase\", and \"Vote\".", "The allegations were attributed to the votes of the Virginia House of Delegates.", "There are references to past votes on Davis' website.", "He said he never voted to raise the Virginia estate tax.", "The tax for Virginians in higher income brackets was intended to be preserved.", "He denied ever supporting a gas tax increase.", "He supports the current law that makes it a felony to possess a gun on school grounds, but voted for a bipartisan bill that gave a limited exception to parents with concealed carry permits who pick up their children at school.", "The bill was signed into law.", "He has become a vocal defender of his local sports team because of the name controversy.", "He started a \"Redskins Pride Caucus\" in the Virginia Legislature.", "Although his position is unconventional for his political party, he has said that several other Virginia Democrats have privately supported him on this issue.", "Citing support from individual Native Americans, he said, \"I get it from all points.\"", "If someone is offended, I'm not going to deny that feeling.", "You can't just remove the feelings of 100,000 other people.", "When the Daily Show produced an episode that aired in September of last year, the fans' consent to appear was in question.", "Fans were misled about the nature of the segment prior to signing their releases.", "Jon Stewart, host of The Daily Show, acknowledged on air that the fans were upset with the situation.", "The Native American Tribal Association is a group of Native Americans who are opposed to the removal of Native American mascots.", "Critics have called Petersen's stance on school closings extreme.", "\"Look, there were some bad decisions made, but at least they had a functioning school system,\" he said on \"The John Fredericks Show\" in June 2020.", "The history of massive resistance in Virginia where school systems refused to integrate drew controversy from Virginia Democrats.", "The Prince Edward County School Board did not desegregate for nearly five years.", "In January 2021, he proposed an amendment to the Virginia state budget that would require schools to allow in-person learning.", "The amendment was proposed despite the fact that the Fairfax County Democratic Committee voted 98% in favor of a resolution asking state legislators to refrain from coercing the FCPS school board to change their school reopening plan by threatening to cut their budget.", "Attorney General Mark R. Herring filed a lawsuit against Advanced Towing Company on June 25, 2020.", "According to the complaint, Advanced Towing has violated Virginia and Arlington County towing code provisions, resulting in towing conduct that is frequently predatory, aggressive, overreaching and illegal.", "Advanced Towing was known in Arlington Virginia for being aggressive with their towing procedures and had been accused of illegal practices for many years, including towing cars with children inside and damaging towed vehicles.", "They made the news for an incident in 2015.", "The outcome of the case resulted in $750 in civil penalties.", "The victims of Advanced's dangerous towing practices testified in court to tell their story.", "Advanced Towing has employed predatory and illegal towing practices for years, costing Virginia consumers hundreds, if not thousands of dollars, and it deserves to be held accountable for its actions.", "The court is constrained by the remedies available in both the Virginia and Arlington County Code.", "The court found there were deficiencies in Advanced Towing's business practices and record keeping, but did not find evidence to issue a permanent injunction against the company.", "The lawsuit was \"overkill\" because the AG's office did not provide enough evidence." ]

[ "John Chapman", "Chap", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Chap", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Chap", "Petersen", "John Chapman", "Chap", "Petersen", "J Chapman", "Petersen" ]

[ "John Chapman", "Chap", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen", "Petersen" ]

[ "Karl Friedrich Heinrich Band (8 November 1900 – 6 October 1995) was a German architect.", "Origin \nBorn in Cologne, Band was the son of the architect Heinrich Band (1855–1919), a long-time associate of the building councillor Hermann Otto Pflaume, whose office he also headed for a time.", "He was also related to the painter Michael Welter (1808–1892), who, among other things, painted the Cologne parish church Basilica of St. Cunibert, Cologne after the tower was rebuilt in the 19th century, and with Heinrich Band, the inventor of the bandoneon, a brother of his grandfather.", "Band was married to Annegret Band-Löffler and had children Michaela and Gero († 1983) with her, who was his junior partner from 1965.", "In 1988, he married Gertrud Band-Neyses.", "Professional career \nBand attended the and then studied art history in Bonn (1918–1921) and later architecture in Karlsruhe (1921–1924) under Hermann Billing and Otto Gruber.", "Since 1919 he was a member of the Catholic student fraternity .", "After his studies, he worked in various studios in Cologne, such as Hans Schumacher (1925–1927), Heinrich Renard and Eugen Fabricius, before opening his own office in 1928.", "In September 1929 Band became an employee of the church architect Eduard Endler, and from December 1930 he was his partner.", "In the same year he also passed the second state examination with subsequent appointment as government master builder.", "According to an agreement, after Endler's death (1932), his son Clemens joined the studio as a partner (Band und Endler firm); however, Endler did not continue this partnership after the war and his imprisonment.", "Conscripted into military service, Band was commissioned in the early 1940s to plan and build accommodation for the V 1 production in Peenemünde-West and other work.", "As far as he was able, he and like-minded people tried to save the substance of the war-damaged Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln.", "Shortly after the end of the war, he was commissioned by the occupying powers to draw up expert reports on the condition of the church monuments.", "In 1950/1951, Band built his private house next to the church of Basilica of St. Cunibert, Cologne.", "Until 1965 and again from 1983, after the death of his son Gero, Karl Band ran the studio alone, from which the designs for approximately 140 completed commercial buildings, 100 residential and commercial buildings and over 100 churches as well as church renovations and reconstructions emerged.", "Aftermath \nBand died on 6 October 1995 at the age of 94 and was buried in the Melaten Cemetery (Lit.C, between Lit.V and Lit.W).", "Band belonged to a circle of artists and architects also titled \"\", which included Rudolf Schwarz, Dominikus Böhm and Gottfried Böhm, Josef Bernard and his former student .", "Since 2007, Band's estate has been processed in the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne to enable its later use for scientific purposes.", "In 2014, the green space between Konrad-Adenauer-Ufer and Kunibertsgasse – near his house – was named Karl-Band-Platz.", "Work\n\nBuildings\n\nCologne \n\n 1929: Mitwirkung bei dem Umbau des Rheinlandhauses in Deutz\n 1938–1940: Pfarrkirche St. Norbert in Dellbrück\n from 1943 (after 1945): Reconstruction of the building of the St. Marien-Hospital\n after 1945: Reconstruction of the Deutz Abbey in Cologne\n 1945–1955/1968: Wiederaufbau der Kirche Basilica of St. Cunibert, Cologne\n 1950: Laden- und Ausstellungsgebäude für das Möbelhaus Gustav Schirmer, Cäcilienstr.", "25 (2007 abgebrochen)\n 1950–1951: Wohn- und Geschäftshaus Markmannsgasse 3–5 (collaboration with Hans Schilling)\n 1950–1951: Wohnhaus und Atelier Band, Kunibertsklostergasse 1 (früher 3)\n 1951: Geschäftshaus Hohenzollernring 14\n 1951–1952 Kath.", "Pfarrkirche \"St. Elisabeth\" in Mülheim\n 1951–1954 Kath.", "Pfarrkirche \"St. Dreifaltigkeit\" in Poll\n 1952–1955: Wiederaufbau des (together with Rudolf Schwarz)\n 1952/1953–1967 Wiederaufbau der Kirche \n 1953–1955: neue Krypta und Grabkapelle für den Heiligen Albertus Magnus in the St. Andrew's Church, Cologne church\n 1953–1957: Anbau für Bibliothek und Verwaltung des Museum Schnütgen und Wiederaufbau der Kirche St. Cäcilien, Cäcilienstraße 29\n 1954–1958: Humboldt-Gymnasium, Karthäuserwall 40\n 1954: Dompropstei, Margarethenkloster 5\n 1955: Pfarrhaus der Kirche St. Kunibert, Kunibertsklostergasse 2\n 1956: „Haus der Begegnung“ des katholischen Männerwerks, Jabachstraße 4–8\n 1956–1957: Wohn- und Geschäftshaus des Wilhelm Wefers „Paramente Wefers“, Komödienstr.", "97–103 / Burgmauer 60\n 1956–1957: Expansion of the church and construction of the new rectory \"Zum Heiligen Geist\" in Zollstock\n 1957: Rectory of St. Andrew\n 1960–1972: Reconstruction of the Cologne City Hall (with Eugen Weiler, 1961 competition, Einweihung 1972)\n 1961–1963: Reconstruction of the parish church St. Johann Baptist\n 1962–1964: New construction of the parish church St. Clemens in Niehl\n\nOutside Cologne \n\n 1932: Erweiterung der Kapelle St. Mariä Himmelfahrt in \n1936/1937: Umbau der St.-Nikolaus-Kirche in Wipperfürth\n 1936/1937: St. Brictius in Stotzheim\n ca.", "1942: Planung und Ausführung von Belegschaftsunterkünften für die V1-Fabrik in Peenemünde\n1953–1955: Reconstruction of St. Peter in Zülpich\n 1956: Umbau der Kirche St. Johann Baptist in (Hürth-)Kendenich\n 1957: Erweiterung und Umbau der Kirche St. Severin Frechen Chronik des Frechener Geschichtsvereins (PDF-Dokument)\n June 1959–1960: Gelsenkirchen-Hassel, St. Theresia\n 1960–1962: Bonn, Nordstadt, katholische Pfarrkirche St. Franziskus (with Werner Fritzen)\n 1963: Erweiterung der Kirche St. Johann Baptist in Refrath\n 1966–1968: Kirchenerweiterung St. Severin, Hürth-Hermülheim\n 1969: Erweiterung der romanischen Kirche St. Clemens (Drolshagen) durch einen Anbau an der Südseite.", "1969–1970: St. Johannes der Evangelist (Köln-Stammheim) (with Gero Band)\n 1970–1971: Umbau und Erweiterung der Kirche St. Mariä Geburt in Hürth-Efferen\n 1971–1973 mit Sohn Gero (Oktober 71 Grundsteinlegung) Sebastianusstift, Altenwohnheim der St.-Dionysius-Gemeinde in Gleuel (jetzt Caritas)\n 1975: Bad Honnef, Ortsteil Rhöndorf, Museumsgebäude der Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus\n\nCompetitions \n 1925–1926: Kath.", "Kirche in Bickendorf\n 1935: \"Altstadtsanierung Köln\" (Martinsviertel), Erster Preis\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading \n Wolfram Hagspiel: Köln.", "Marienburg Stadtspuren, Denkmäler in Köln 2.", "J. P. Bachem, Cologne 1996. , pp.", "790f., pp.", "823f.", "Birgit Kastner: Die Sakralbauten des Kölner Architekten Karl Band (1900–1995) Arbeitsheft der rheinischen Denkmalpflege 80. , Worms 2013.", "Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Bonn, 2012.", "Arno M. Lennartz: Der Architekt Eduard Endler 1860–1932.", "Dissertation, RWTH Aachen, 1984.", "Hans Schilling: Hans Schilling Architektur 1945–2000.", "Walter König, Köln 2001.", "External links \n\n Gudrun Escher: Karl Band (1900–1995) – Der Wiederaufbau Kölns Bei Architektenkammer NRW\n\n20th-century German architects\nCartellverband members\n1900 births\n1995 deaths\nPeople from Cologne" ]

[ "Band was a German architect.", "Band was the son of the architect Heinrich Band, who was an associate of the building councilman Hermann Otto Pflaume.", "He was related to the painter Michael Welter, who painted the Cologne parish church Basilica of St. Cunibert, Cologne after the tower was rebuilt in the 19th century.", "Band had two children, Michaela and Gero, with his junior partner from 1965, Annegret Band-Lffler.", "He married Gertrud Band-Neyses in 1988.", "Band studied art history in Bonn and later architecture in Karlsruhe under Billing and Gruber.", "He was a member of the Catholic student Fraternity.", "He worked in various studios in Cologne before opening his own office in 1928.", "Band and Endler were partners from December 1930 to September 1929.", "He was appointed as government master builder after passing the second state examination.", "After Endler's death, his son joined the studio as a partner, however, Endler did not continue this partnership after the war and his imprisonment.", "Band was commissioned in the early 1940s to plan and build accommodations for the V 1 production in Peenemnde-West and other work.", "The substance of the Frderverein Romanische Kln was damaged in the war.", "He was commissioned by the occupying powers to draw up expert reports on the condition of the church monuments.", "Band built a private house next to the church.", "After the death of his son Gero, Karl Band ran the studio alone, from which the designs for 140 completed commercial buildings, 100 residential and commercial buildings and over 100 churches as well as church renovations and reconstructions emerged.", "Aftermath Band died at the age of 94 and was buried in the Melaten Cemetery.", "The band was a part of a circle of artists and architects, which included a former student and two other artists.", "The Historical Archive of the City of Cologne has processed Band's estate to allow it to be used for scientific purposes.", "Karl-Band-Platz is the name of the green space between Konrad-Adenauer-Ufer and Kunibertsgasse.", "The building of the St. Marien-hospital in Dellbrck was reconstructed after 1945.", "Wohn- und Geschftshaus Markmannsgasse 3–5 (collaboration with Hans Schilling) was established in 1950.", "There is a church in Mlheim.", "The Poll \"St. Dreifaltigkeit\" was held in 1952–1955.", "Expansion of the church and construction of a new church in Zollstock were done in the 60's.", "The V1-Fabrik in Peenemnde was reconstructed in 1955.", "1969–1970: St. Johannes der Evangelist (Kln-Stammheim) with Gero Band.", "\"Altstadtsanierung Kln\" is a reference to Wolfram Hagspiel: Kln.", "Denkmler is in Kln 2.", "J. P. Bachem was in Cologne in 1996.", "pp.", "822f.", "The rheinischen Denkmalpflege 80 is named after Birgit Kastner, who was a member of the Klner Architekten Karl Band.", "The research was done at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt Bonn Bonn.", "The author is Arno M. Lennartz.", "The thesis was written by RWTH Aachen in 1984.", "1945–2000 was the time of Hans Schilling.", "Kln 2001 was written by Walter Knig.", "There are external links to the Karl Band." ]

[ "Karl Friedrich Heinrich Band", "Band", "Heinrich Band", "Heinrich Band", "Band", "Annegret Band Lö", "Gertrud Band", "Band", "Band", "Band", "Band", "Karl Band", "Band", "Band", "Band", "Karl", "Karl Band" ]

[ "Band", "Band", "Heinrich Band", "Band", "Annegret Band L", "Gertrud Band Ney", "Band", "Band", "Band", "Band", "Karl Band", "Band", "Band", "Band", "Karl" ]

[ "Wayne Jobson (born December 4, 1954), also known as Native Wayne, is a Jamaican record producer of European ancestry.", "He has worked with such artists as No Doubt, Gregory Isaacs and Toots & the Maytals.", "He hosts the weekly radio show \"Alter Native\" every Sunday afternoon on Indie 103.1.", "He previously hosted a similar radio show, \"Reggae Revolution\", at Indie's main competitor KROQ-FM.", "Jobson is also known as a musician.", "He recorded an album in 1977 produced by Lee 'Scratch' Perry at the Black Ark.", "Born on Dec 4, 1954 in Jamaica, Wayne Jobson also known as \"Native Wayne\", is a Jamaican record producer and produces films, is a radio personality, host a syndicated radio show and a music historian.", "He grew up in the hills of St. Ann, just nine miles from ‘Nine Mile’ the birthplace of Bob Marley, Wayne started off with close ties to both reggae and the Marley family.", "Diki Jobson, a cousin started Island Records along with Chris Blackwell and managed Bob Marley and the Wailers, while another cousin, Diane Jobson was Marley's attorney.", "After graduating high school in Jamaica, Jobson studied law at Kings College in London and received a Master of Laws in Entertainment Law.", "As both writer and producer of the documentary film “STEPPING RAZOR-RED X”, which follows the life story of Reggae legend, Peter Tosh, Wayne was awarded with a nomination for a Canadian Academy Award, a ‘Genie’, and won for “Best Documentary” at the Jamaican Film Festival in Jamaica.", "In addition, he produced two “Behind the Music” episodes for Viacom's VH1.", "“Behind the Music” is considered the most successful music television show in recent history.", "Jobson produced both an episode on Peter Tosh and also on the life of Bob Marley which made history by being the first show to air for 90 minutes versus the standard one hour.", "No stranger to successful films and television shows produced in Jamaica, Wayne assisted with the production of the Alec Baldwin/Meg Ryan Film “PRELUDE TO A KISS’ and helped put together the music for the most successful Jamaican film of all time, Disney's “COOL RUNNINGS” which was made for $14 million and grossed over $200 million, with its soundtrack going gold.", "He was also a part of putting together the ABC TV series “GOING TO EXTREMES” with “NORTHERN EXPOSURE” producers Falsey and Brand.", "Wayne helped Adam Sandler put together the reggae soundtrack for his ’50 First Dates’ movie which went gold and was #1 on Billboard soundtrack charts.", "As a Producer on NO DOUBT's multiplatinum album ‘ROCK STEADY’, Wayne/s singles ‘HEY BABY’ and ‘UNDERNEATH IT ALL’ both went to #1 in America and won him two Grammys, with the album reaching 25 million sold worldwide.", "He has also produced two compilations for Polygram which spent 6 months at #1 on Billboard's reggae chart and sold over a half of a million copies.", "A renowned artist himself, “Native Wayne” was spotted by Clive Davis’ Arista Records and was the first Reggae artist to be signed to the label.", "With his band, “NATIVE”, he recorded albums for Arista, RCA, Buddah, A&M and MCA Records.", "“NATIVE” opened shows for both reggae greats, Bob Marley and Peter Tosh.", "NATIVE performed at its biggest show ever at the US Festival in California with David Bowie where the audience was over 300,000 people.", "He produced the critically acclaimed compilation “REGGAE BLITZ ALL STARS” which featured such artists as Maxi Priest, Toots and the Maytals, Third World, Black Uhuru, Big Mountain, Shabba Ranks and the Gregory Isaacs.", "Wayne has recorded with and produced a wide range of artists including: Keith Richards of “THE ROLLING STONES”, Jimmy Cliff, Toots and the Maytals, Willie Nelson (playing guitar and putting together the ‘Countryman’ reggae album), Gregory Isaacs, 311, Thievery Corporation, Paris Hilton, Herb Alpert and Garth Brooks.", "As a songwriter he has had his songs covered by such artists as Willie Nelson, Leon Robinson, Richie Stevens and Junior Reid.", "Wayne co-wrote with Jimmy Buffett, one of the songs on the Jimmy Buffett album “FAR SIDE OF THE WORLD” which entered the Billboard album charts at #5.", "Diving into the world of radio, Wayne was both producer and DJ at the #1 modern rock station in the world, KROQ 106.7 FM in Los Angeles, on which he had the #1 reggae show in America, “REGGAE REVOLUTION” running for a seven-year period.", "A longtime grammy member, Wayne has also worked as consultant to the Grammy Foundation, hosted P&E Wing events, and continues to be involved in Reggae Grammy nominations and submissions.", "Jobson also produced a live album and DVD for Jamaican guitar legend Ernie Ranglin featuring Robbie Krieger (from the Doors), Elliot Easton (from the Cars) and No Doubt.", "This resulted in a film on the history of reggae music and Ernie Ranglin called ‘Roots of Reggae’ which was voted as one of the top films at the Flashpoint Film Festival in 2007 – Photo: Arthur Gorson\n“Native” Wayne was Program Director at XM Satellite Radio in Washington DC, the first nationwide, 24 hour, 7 day a week station in America.", "As program director and DJ for “The Joint”, Jobson helped to bring reggae to a national audience.", "When they launched the largest ($2 billon) radio operation on the planet in 2001, Wayne arranged for Bob Marley's ‘One Love’ to be the first song ever to be broadcast.", "Wayne worked as consultant and DJ with Jimmy Buffett on his Radio Margaritaville, which can be heard on Sirius Satellite Radio.", "Wayne also worked as a consultant to Napster to develop their Reggae and World Music Department.", "Wayne is presently a producer and DJ at modern rock powerhouse Indie 103.1 Radio in Los Angeles which Rolling Stone describes as ‘the best station in America’\n\nAs producer and remixer, Wayne's recent project include Gavin Rossdale (Bush), Salvador Santana (Carlos's son), OAR (Atlantic Records), Long Beach Dub Allstars (Sublime), Brand New Heavies, The Doors, Jason Mraz, Maroon 5, No Doubt, Garbage, Shaggy and Magic.", "Wayne is developing a feature film on the life of reggae legend Peter Tosh with Academy Award-winning director Kevin Mcdonald.", "Wayne is currently working with Academy Award-winning director Daniel Junge on the Alpha documentary about the famous music school in Jamaica.", "The recordings were released in a CD format in 2007.", "He won two grammies w No Doubt as executive producer for the songs \"Hey Baby\" and \"Underneath it All\" from the Rock Steady Album.", "On the same album Wayne Jobson also was executive producer for \"Underneath it All\" which was a nominee for a Grammy.", "Wayne Jobson also has made the following documentaries.", "1992 Stepping Razor: Red X (Documentary) (co-executive producer) \n2006 Roots of Reggae: The Ernest Ranglin Story (Video documentary short) (producer)\n\nExternal links\n\nLiving people\n1954 births\nJamaican people of European descent\nJamaican record producers" ]

[ "Native Wayne is a Jamaican record producer of European ancestry.", "He has worked with many artists.", "He hosts a weekly radio show on Sunday afternoons.", "He hosted a radio show called \"Reggae Revolution\" at KROQ.", "Jobson is a musician.", "He recorded an album at the Black Ark.", "Wayne Jobson, also known as \"Native Wayne\", is a Jamaican record producer and host of a syndicated radio show.", "Wayne grew up in the hills of St. Ann, which is nine miles from the birthplace of Bob Marley.", "Island Records was started by a cousin, Diki Jobson, while another cousin, Diane Jobson, was Marley's attorney.", "After graduating high school in Jamaica, Jobson studied law at Kings College in London and received a Master of Laws in Entertainment Law.", "Wayne was the writer and producer of the documentary film \"STEPPING RAZOR-RED X\", which follows the life story of Reggae legend, Peter Tosh, and was awarded with a nomination for a Canadian Academy Award.", "Two episodes of \"Behind the Music\" were produced by him.", "The most successful music television show in recent history is called \"Behind the Music\".", "The first show to air for 90 minutes versus the standard one hour was produced by Jobson and was on Peter Tosh.", "No stranger to successful films and television shows produced in Jamaica, Wayne assisted with the production of the Alec Baldwin/Meg Ryan Film \"PRELUDE TO A KISS\" and helped put together the music for the most successful Jamaican film of all time, Disney's \"COOL RUNNINGS\".", "He was involved in putting together the ABC TV series \"Going to Extreme\" with producers Falsey and Brand.", "The soundtrack for Adam Sandler's movie \"50 First Dates\" went gold and was the #1 soundtrack on the charts.", "As a producer on NO DOUBT's multi-Platinum album 'ROCK STEADY', Wayne's singles 'Hey Baby' and 'UNDERNEATH IT ALL' both went to #1 in America and won him two Grammys, with the album reaching 25 million sold worldwide.", "He produced two Polygram compilations which sold over half a million copies and spent 6 months at the top of the charts.", "Native Wayne was the first Reggae artist to be signed to the label by Clive Davis.", "He recorded albums for a number of record labels with his band, Native.", "Both Bob Marley and Peter Tosh opened shows with \"NATIVE\".", "NATIVE performed at its biggest show ever at the US Festival in California with David Bowie, where the audience was over 300,000 people.", "He produced the critically acclaimed \"REGGAE BLITZ ALL STARS\" which featured such artists as Maxi Priest, Toots and the Maytals, Third World, Black Uhuru, Big Mountain, Shabba Ranks and the Gregory Isaacs.", "Willie Nelson and Toots and the Maytals are just two of the artists that Wayne has recorded with and produced.", "Willie Nelson and Leon Robinson have covered his songs.", "One of the songs on Jimmy Buffet's album \"Far Side of the World\" was co-written by Wayne.", "Wayne was both producer and DJ at the #1 modern rock station in the world, KROQ 106.7 FM in Los Angeles, and he had the #1 reggae show in America for seven years.", "Wayne is a member of the grammy and has hosted P&E Wing events.", "Jobson also produced a live album and DVD for a Jamaican guitar legend.", "The film \"Roots of Reggae\" was voted as one of the top films at the Flashpoint Film Festival in 2007.", "Jobson was the program director and DJ for The Joint.", "When they launched the largest radio operation on the planet in 2001, Wayne arranged for Bob Marley's \"One Love\" to be the first song ever to be broadcasted.", "Jimmy and Wayne worked together as DJ and consultant on his radio show.", "The Reggae and World Music Department was developed by Wayne as a consultant.", "Wayne is a producer and DJ at the best radio station in America, called the \"best station in America\" by Rolling Stone.", "Kevin Mcdonald is the director of a film about the life of Peter Tosh.", "Daniel Junge is the director of the Alpha documentary about the famous music school in Jamaica.", "In 2007, the recordings were released in a CD format.", "He was an executive producer for the songs \"Hey Baby\" and \"Underneath it All\" from the Rock Steady album.", "Wayne Jobson was an executive producer for \"Underneath it All\" which was nominated for a gramophone.", "The following films have been made by Wayne Jobson.", "There are external links to the Roots of Reggae: The Ernest Ranglin Story." ]

[ "Wayne Jobson", "Native Wayne", "Jobson", "Wayne Jobson", "Native Wayne", "Wayne", "Jobson", "Diane Jobson", "Jobson", "Wayne", "Jobson", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Native Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Jobson", "Wayne", "Jobson", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne Jobson", "Wayne Jobson" ]

[ "Native Wayne", "Jobson", "Wayne Jobson", "Native Wayne", "Wayne", "Jobson", "Diane Jobson", "Jobson", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Native Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Jobson", "Jobson", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne", "Wayne Jobson", "Wayne Jobson" ]

[ "Larry David Norman (April 8, 1947 – February 24, 2008) was an American musician, singer, songwriter, record label owner, and record producer.", "He is considered to be one of the pioneers of Christian rock music, and released more than 100 albums.", "Early life\nLarry Norman was born in Corpus Christi, Texas, the oldest son of Joe Hendrex \"Joe Billy\" Norman (December 9, 1923 – April 28, 1999), and his wife, Margaret Evelyn \"Marge\" Stout (born in 1925 in Nebraska).", "Joe Norman had served as a sergeant in the US Army Air Corps during World War II and worked at the Southern Pacific Railroad while studying to become a teacher.", "After Norman's birth, the family joined the Southern Baptist church.", "In 1950 the family moved to San Francisco, where they attended an African American Pentecostal church and then a Baptist church, where Norman became a Christian at the age of five.", "In 1959, Norman performed on the syndicated television show The Original Amateur Hour.", "In 1960, Norman's father began teaching in San Jose, California; the family lived in nearby Campbell.", "Norman graduated from Campbell High School in 1965 and won an academic scholarship to major in English at San José State University.", "After one semester, Norman \"flunked out of college and lost [his] scholarship\".", "Although Norman was able to play a variety of musical instruments, he never learned to read or write musical notation.", "Career\n\nEarly bands\nWhile still in high school, Norman formed a group called The Back Country Seven, which included his sister Nancy Jo and friend Gene Mason.", "After graduating, Norman continued performing locally.", "In 1966 Norman opened a concert for People!", "at the Asilomar Conference Grounds in Pacific Grove, California.", "He later became the band's principal songwriter, sharing lead vocals with his Back Country Seven bandmate Gene Mason.", "People!", "performed about 200 concerts a year, appearing with Van Morrison and Them, the Animals, the Dave Clark Five, Paul Revere & the Raiders, the Doors, the Who, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Moby Grape, and San Jose bands Syndicate of Sound and Count Five.", "The band's cover of the Zombies' \"I Love You\" became a hit single, selling over one million copies and charting strongly in several markets.", "Norman left People!", "just as Capitol released the band's first album in mid 1968, but reunited with Mason for concerts in 1974 and 2006.", "According to rock historian Walter Rasmussen, Pete Townshend once said that The Who's 1969 album Tommy was inspired by the rock opera \"Epic\" by People!", "; however, Townshend has since denied the connection.", "Hollywood street ministry\nSoon after Norman left People!, he had \"a powerful spiritual encounter that threw him into a frenzy of indecision about his life [and] for the first time in his life, he received what he understood to be the Holy Spirit\".", "In July 1968, following a job offer to write musicals for Capitol Records, Norman moved to Los Angeles, where he \"spent time sharing the gospel on the streets\".", "As he described in 2006: \"I walked up and down Hollywood Boulevard several times a day ... witnessing to businessmen and hippies, and to whomever the Spirit led me.", "I spent all of my Capitol Records' royalties starting a halfway house and buying clothes and food for new converts.\"", "He was initially associated with the First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood, and its Salt Company coffee house outreach ministry, where he explored and pioneered the rock-gospel genre.", "Musical theater\nIn 1968 Norman wrote several songs for the rock musicals Alison and Birthday for Shakespeare, both of which were performed in Los Angeles.", "The next year, Norman and his friend Teddy Neeley auditioned for the Los Angeles production of the rock musical Hair and were offered the roles of George Berger and Claude Bukowski, respectively; Neeley accepted, but Norman rejected the role of George, despite his own financial struggles, because \"of its glorification of drugs and free sex as the answers to today's problems\".", "Also in 1969, Norman wrote a musical called Love on Haight Street and a rock opera called Lion's Breath, which led Capitol to re-sign Norman to record an album, with the promise of complete creative control.", "Recording career\n\nIn 1969, Capitol Records released Norman's first solo album, Upon This Rock, produced by Hal Yoergler, is now considered to be \"the first full-blown Christian rock album\".", "Norman was denounced by various television evangelists, and Capitol deemed the album a commercial flop and dropped Norman from the label.", "However, his music gained a large following in the emerging countercultural movements.", "Sales of the album rose following its distribution in Christian bookstores.", "By the early 1970s, Norman was performing frequently for large audiences, and appeared at several Christian music festivals, including Explo '72, a six-day Dallas, Texas, event which has been called the \"Jesus Woodstock.\"", "Norman established a half-way house where he \"housed and fed various groups of people, supervised their Bible studies and drove them to church on Fridays and Sundays\".", "He earned $80 per month from Capitol for polishing and refining songs for Capitol artists.", "In 1970, Norman established a record label, One Way Records.", "He released two of his own albums Street Level and Bootleg on the label as well as Randy Stonehill's first album, Born Twice.", "In 1971, Norman first visited England, where he lived and worked for several years.", "He recorded two studio albums, Only Visiting This Planet and So Long Ago the Garden, in London's AIR Studios.", "Released in 1972, Visiting \"was meant to reach the flower children disillusioned by the government and the church\" with its \"abrasive, urban reality of the gospel\", and has often been ranked as Norman's best album.", "The release of Garden in November 1973 was met with controversy in the Christian press, due to the album's cover art and some songs in which Norman took the persona of a backslider.", "In 1974, Norman founded Solid Rock Records to produce records for Christian artists \"who didn't want to be consumed by the business of making vinyl pancakes but who wanted to make something 'non-commercial' to the world\".", "Norman produced music on the label for artists including Randy Stonehill, Mark Heard and Tom Howard.", "Norman also worked with several artists who were signed to other labels, including Malcolm and Alwyn, Bobby Emmons and the Crosstones, Lyrix, James Sundquist and David Edwards.", "Norman signed a deal with ABC Records to distribute Solid Rock's releases, but was later moved to ABC subsidiary Word Records.", "In the same year, Norman founded the Christian artist booking agency Street Level Artists Agency.", "In Another Land, the third album in Norman's trilogy and the best-selling album of his career, was released in 1976 by Solid Rock and distributed through Word.", "Soon afterward, Norman recorded the blues-rock concept album Something New under the Son, but it would not be released until 1981.", "Following clashes with Word over Something New and several other projects, Norman started Phydeaux Records in 1980 to release his albums.", "In 1978, Norman was injured during a plane landing at Los Angeles International Airport.", "Norman claimed to have suffered mild brain damage due to being hit by parts of the cabin's roof, and that this damage left him unable to complete projects and focus artistically.", "William Ayers wrote in 1991: \"As family, friends and fans watched, his life spiraled downward.", "He was unable to record a bonafide album from the time of his airplane accident in 1978 until ... he attempted to release the badly produced Home at Last [recorded in 1986].", "He never expected to be healed.\"", "In September 1979, Norman performed his \"The Great American Novel\", \"a Dylanesque protest song\", for U.S. president Jimmy Carter and about 1,000 guests at the Old Fashioned Gospel Singin concert held on the south lawn of the White House.", "Following a prolonged dispute with Solid Rock artists Daniel Amos, which ended in estrangement, Solid Rock's business manager, Philip Mangano, and several Solid Rock musicians organized an intervention with Norman in June 1980, which led him to begin closing the company.", "Religious history professor Randall Balmer attributed the company's demise to \"idealism, marital difficulties, and financial naivete—as well as changing musical tastes.\"", "In late 1980, Norman moved to England and, with his father, founded Phydeaux Records, a company designed to compete with the bootleg market by selling rarities from Norman's own archives.", "He signed a distribution deal with British label Chapel Lane and released several albums before returning to the United States in 1985.", "Norman then began work on an anthology project celebrating his career in Christian music, beginning with the album White Blossoms from Black Roots: The History and the Chronology: Volume One; however, the project collapsed when the head of the distribution company was arrested for check forgery and the company's merchandise was seized by the FBI.", "Norman signed to Benson Records in 1986 and recorded the album Home at Last, although the album was not released until 1989 due to legal problems.", "Despite extensive promotion, the album was negatively reviewed, and Norman himself later dismissed the album as \"just a collection of tapes I had\", although he said separately that he was \"extremely happy\" with the level of support he'd received from Benson.", "In 1989, Norman received the Christian Artists' Society Lifetime Achievement Award.", "While visiting another musician at the close of a February 1991 tour, Norman received prayer for his long-term health problems from a pastor of London's Elim Way Fellowship.", "Norman maintained that through this prayer God repaired the damage to his brain and he was able to function again.", "That year, he collaborated with his brother Charles on the album Stranded in Babylon, hailed by both critics and fans as one of his best.", "They would reunite for the 2001 album Tourniquet.", "Norman continued to perform and release albums throughout his later years in order to raise funds for medical expenses stemming from heart problems.", "He gave his last official concert on August 4, 2007, in New York City.", "Relationship with the church and Christian music industry\nThroughout his career, Norman had a contentious relationship with the wider Christian church and with the Christian music industry.", "He wrote in September 2007, \"I love God and I follow Jesus but I just don't have much affinity for the organized folderol of the churches in the Western World.\"", "Norman's music addressed a wide range of social issues, such as politics, free love, the occult, the passive commercialism of wartime journalists, and religious hypocrisy, that were outside the scope of his contemporaries.", "Defending the confrontational approach of his music, Norman said, \"My primary emphasis is not to entertain.", "But if your art is boring, people will reject your message as well as your art.\"", "In the 1980s, he complained that Christian music generally meant \"sloppy thinking, dishonest metaphors and bad poetry,\" and that he had \"never been able to get over the shock of how bad the lyrics are.\"", "Norman disapproved of Christian musicians who were unwilling to play in secular venues or to \"preach\" between songs.", "He also criticized what he saw as the \"commercialization of Christian music in America\", including the role of copyrights and licensing.", "Influence\n\nIn 2008, Christian rock historian John J. Thompson wrote, \"It is certainly no overstatement to say that Larry Norman is to Christian music what John Lennon is to rock & roll or Bob Dylan is to folk music.\"", "Thompson credited Norman for his impact on the genre as a musician, a producer, and a businessman.", "In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Norman also influenced a number of emerging punk and alternative rock artists.", "According to documentarian Larry Di Sabatino, Larry Norman was \"an early influence\" on the post-punk band U2.", "When Bono met with a summit of Nashville Christian music artists in 2002 to garner support for an African aid campaign, he specifically asked to see Norman.", "Upon Larry Norman's death, Bono sent flowers to his funeral with the note \"Eternal singer, still eternal, Bono.\"", "According to Charles Normal, Larry Norman attended his \"first of many\" punk rock shows while touring London in 1977, seeing Richard Hell and the Voidoids, the Damned, and Dead Boys.", "Regarding the punk movement, Norman stated that while he initially disliked some of the lyrical content, he was generally supportive of it and its youthful energy, which he viewed as preferable to disco.", "Norman subsequently introduced his younger brother, Charles, to the genre, including the music of the Sex Pistols.", "Within several years, Charles was the lead guitarist for the Bay Area hardcore punk band, Executioner.", "Larry paid for the recording of Executioner's first EP in 1982, on the condition that they also record one of his songs.", "Larry Norman began to meet figures from the L.A. punk scene, and eventually recorded tracks with former Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones.", "Norman also released a live recording of a punk version of \"Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music?\"", "Pixies frontman Black Francis described Larry Norman as having been his \"total idol\" as a teenager, whom he attempted to imitate.", "The band's first demo, The Purple Tape, was to contain a cover of Norman's song \"Watch What You're Doing\", but it was never released.", "A lyric from the song (\"Come on pilgrim, you know He loves you!\")", "formed the basis for the title of Pixies' 1987 EP Come On Pilgrim.", "Black was eventually introduced to Norman by members of U2 during the Zoo TV tour.", "Black's post-Pixies band, Frank Black and the Catholics, covered Larry Norman's song \"Six Sixty Six\".", "Norman and Black performed a duet of \"Watch What You're Doing\" at Norman's \"farewell\" concert, and the two were reportedly working on an album together at the time of his death, along with Isaac Brock of Modest Mouse.", "Steve Camp, Carolyn Arends, Bob Hartman, TobyMac, Mark Salomon, Martyn Joseph, and Steve Scott have credited Norman as influences.", "Overall, over 300 artists have covered songs by Norman.", "Awards and honors\n 1973: One of three named as Best New Male Artist of the year by Cashbox.", "1989: Awarded the Christian Artists' Society Lifetime Achievement Award in a surprise ceremony at Estes Park, Colorado.", "1990: CCM magazine voted Only Visiting This Planet as \"the second-greatest Christian album ever recorded\".", "2001: Inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.", "2001: Only Visiting This Planet was selected as the No.", "2 album in CCM Magazine's The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music.", "2004: Voted into the CCM Hall of Fame by readers of CCM Magazine.", "2007: Inducted into the San Jose Rocks Hall of Fame, both as a member of People!, and as a solo artist.", "At that time Norman reunited for a concert with People!", "2008: Honored at the 39th GMA Dove Award ceremony in Nashville, Tennessee.", "2009: Honored in a tribute segment at the Grammy Awards.", "2013: Only Visiting This Planet was one of 25 sound recordings inducted for 2013 into the Library of Congress National Recording Registry, that preserves as \"cultural, artistic and/or historical treasures, representing the richness and diversity of the American soundscape.\"", "A statement by the Library of Congress called the album \"the key work in the early history of Christian rock,\" describing Norman as one who \"commented on the world as he saw it from his position as a passionate, idiosyncratic outsider to mainstream churches.\"", "Family\nNorman married actress and model Pamela Fay Ahlquist in December 1971.", "They separated in 1978 and divorced in September 1980.", "In April 1982, Norman married Sarah Mae Finch.", "However, another source indicates this was in April 1984.", "Finch had previously been married to Randy Stonehill from 1975 to 1980.", "The two had first met at a religious retreat in 1969.", "Their only child, Michael David Fariah Finch Norman, was born in August 1985.", "The couple divorced in 1995.", "In 2008, the Christian magazine World reported that Norman had allegedly fathered a son with an Australian woman during a 1988 tour.", "Coronary issues and death\nIn February 1992, Norman suffered a nine-hour heart attack that resulted in permanent heart damage, leading to frequent hospitalizations in the years that followed.", "By early 1995, Norman had been hospitalized thirteen times and had a defibrillator implant, which enabled him to perform occasional small concerts.", "After a lengthy illness, Norman died on February 24, 2008, at the age of 60 at his home in Salem, Oregon.", "The previous day he had posted on his website:\n\nI feel like a prize in a box of Cracker Jacks with God's hand reaching down to pick me up.", "I have been under medical care for months.", "My wounds are getting bigger.", "I have trouble breathing.", "I am ready to fly home.", "I won't be here much longer.", "I can't do anything about it.", "My heart is too weak.", "I want to say goodbye to everyone ...", "I want to say I love you.", "I'd like to push back the darkness with my bravest effort ... Goodbye, farewell, we will meet again.", "Following a public memorial on March 1 at the Church on the Hill in Turner, Oregon, Norman was buried in Salem's City View Cemetery.", "His tombstone reads: \"Larry Norman / Evangelist Without Portfolio / 1947–2008 / Bloodstained Israelite\".", "Fallen Angel documentary\nFallen Angel: The Outlaw Larry Norman: A Bible Story is a controversial 2008 documentary on Norman's life by filmmaker David Di Sabatino.", "Fallen Angel includes interviews with several people who had worked with or been close to Norman thirty years earlier, including his first wife and Randy Stonehill, who recorded the film's official soundtrack, Paradise Sky.", "Norman and his second wife had refused to participate in or cooperate with the project.", "A cease and desist notice initiated by Norman's family temporarily prevented the film's public screening, and prompted Di Sabatino to file his own lawsuit against Solid Rock in March 2009.", "Four months later, the case was settled out of court, allowing the film to be shown.", "While interviewing Stonehill, Cross Rhythms Mike Rimmer said the film portrayed Norman as \"Machiavellian, particularly in his dealings with his artists.\"", "Norman's Solid Rock Records was said to have ended when, \"Things finally fell apart in 1979, after it was discovered Larry was cheating on his wife – and having an affair with Randy's wife\", a claim Norman's brother denies.", "Gregory Alan Thornbury's biography of Norman proposes an alternate date and reason for Solid Rock Records being wound up and the artists released from their contracts.", "Word Records signalled they planned to end their relationship with Solid Rock due to poor sales performances of a few of the albums and the infrequent nature of releases being delivered by the label and this news led to a breakdown in the working and personal relationship between Larry Norman and Philip Mangano in May 1980.", "Some discussions had already begun about certain artists being released from their contracts prior to the meeting on June 17, 1980, which was called to \"clear up the relationship between Solid Rock and Street Level Artists Agency, and to deal with Daniel Amos' request to have all their contracts back from Solid Rock — management, recording, tapes, publishing, and so on\" and which ended two hours later in stalemate and acrimony rather than resolution.", "Select discography\n\nSince the 1960s, Norman's work has appeared on over 100 albums, compilations, and concert bootlegs.", "These recordings have been released under various labels and with various artists.", "Some of his principal albums are:\n\nUpon This Rock (1969)\nStreet Level (1970)\nBootleg (1972)\nOnly Visiting This Planet (1972)\nSo Long Ago the Garden (1973)\nIn Another Land (1976)\nSomething New under the Son (1981)\nHome at Last (1989)\nStranded in Babylon (1991)\nTourniquet (2001)\n\nAutobiography\n The Long Road Home: Vaudeville, Dancing and How My Mother Met My Father.", "Salem, OR: Solid Rock Publications, 2007.", "References\n\nBibliography\nAlfonso, Barry.", "The Billboard Guide to Contemporary Christian Music.", "New York: Billboard Books, 2002.", "Baker, Frank.", "Contemporary Christian Music: Where It Came From, What It Is, Where It's Going.", "Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1985.", "Cusic, Don.", "Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music: Pop, Rock, and Worship.", "(ABC-CLIO, 2009).", "Frank, Josh Caryn Ganz.", "Fool the World: The Oral History of a Band Named Pixies.", "St. Martin's Press, 2006.", "Howard, Jay R. and John M. Streck.", "\"Contemporary Christian Music: Where Rock Meets Religion\".", "The Journal of Popular Culture 26:1 (March 5, 2004).", "Norman, Larry.", "Blue Book.", "1989.", "Released with Home At Last album.", "Norman, Larry.", "Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music Songbook.", "Los Angeles, CA: One Way, 1972.", "Powell, Mark Allan.", "Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music.", "Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2002.", "Ruppli, Michel and Ed Novitsky.", "The MGM Labels: A Discography, 1961–1982 Vol.", "2.", "Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998.", "Stowe, David W. No Sympathy for the Devil: Christian Pop Music and the Transformation of American Evangelicalism.", "UNC Press Books, 2011.", "Thompson, John J.", "Raised by Wolves: The Story of Christian Rock & Roll ECW, 2000.", "Further reading\nTaylor, Jeff, and Chad Israelson.", "The Political World of Bob Dylan: Freedom and Justice, Power and Sin.", "Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.", "(chapters 5 and 6) \nThornbury, Gregory Alan.", "Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music?", "Larry Norman and the Perils of Christian Rock.", "Convergent Books, March 20, 2018.", "External links\n\nOfficial British Site\nCluttered Soul: The Words of Larry Norman\nObituary in The Times, March 7, 2008\n\"Righteous Rocker Paved Way\" from CNN\n\n \n1947 births\n2008 deaths\nAmerican rock musicians\nJesus movement\nStreet ministry\nAmerican performers of Christian music\nPeople from Corpus Christi, Texas\nMusicians from Texas\nArena Rock Recording Company artists\nAmerican folk rock musicians\nFolk musicians from Texas\nSingers from Texas\nSongwriters from Texas\nBurials at City View Cemetery\nPeople from Campbell, California" ]

[ "Larry David Norman was an American musician, singer, songwriter, record label owner, and record producer.", "One of the pioneers of Christian rock music, he has released more than 100 albums.", "Larry Norman was the oldest son of Joe Hendrex \"Joe Billy\" Norman and his wife Margaret Evelyn \"Marge\" Stout, who was born in 1925 in Nebraska.", "During World War II, Joe Norman was a sergeant in the US Army Air Corps and was studying to become a teacher.", "The family joined the Southern Baptist church after Norman's birth.", "Norman became a Christian at the age of five after the family moved to San Francisco, where they attended an African American Pentecostal church and a Baptist church.", "Norman was a performer on The Original Amateur Hour.", "In 1960, Norman's father began teaching in San Jose, California, while the family lived in nearby Campbell.", "Norman received an academic scholarship to major in English at San José State University after graduating from Campbell High School.", "Norman lost his scholarship after one semester in college.", "Norman didn't learn to read or write musical notation because he was able to play a lot of musical instruments.", "Norman formed a band called The Back Country Seven with his sister Nancy Jo and friend Gene Mason.", "Norman continued to perform after graduating.", "Norman opened a concert.", "There is a conference at the Asilomar Conference Grounds.", "He shared lead vocals with his Back Country Seven band mate Gene Mason.", "People!", "Van Morrison and Them, the Animals, the Dave Clark Five, Paul Revere & the Raiders, the Doors, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and San Jose bands Syndicate of Sound and Count Five all appeared with him.", "The band's cover of the Zombies' \"I Love You\" became a hit single and sold over one million copies.", "Norman left people.", "Capitol released the band's first album in 1968, but also had a reunion with Mason for two concerts in 1974.", "Pete Townshend once said that The Who's 1969 album Tommy was inspired by a rock opera.", "Townshend denied the connection.", "After leaving People!, Norman had a powerful spiritual encounter that threw him into a frenzy of indecision about his life, and for the first time in his life, he received the Holy Spirit.", "Norman moved to Los Angeles after being offered a job to write musicals for Capitol Records.", "He said in 2006 that he walked up and down Hollywood Boulevard several times a day.", "I used my Capitol Records' royalties to start a halfway house and buy clothes and food for new converts.", "He was associated with the First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood and the Salt Company coffee house outreach ministry.", "The rock musicals Alison and Birthday for Shakespeare were both written by Norman and performed in Los Angeles.", "Norman was offered the roles of George Berger and Claude Bukowski in the Los Angeles production of Hair, but he turned them down because of his financial troubles.", "Capitol re-signed Norman to record an album after he wrote a musical called Love on Haight Street and a rock opera called Lion's Breath, which promised complete creative control.", "Norman's first solo album, Upon This Rock, produced by Hal Yoergler, is considered to be the first full-blown Christian rock album.", "Norman was dropped from the label after Capitol deemed the album a flop.", "His music gained a large following in the countercultural movements.", "The album was distributed in Christian bookstores.", "Norman appeared at several Christian music festivals, including Explo '72, a six-day Dallas, Texas, event which has been called the \"Jesus Woodstock.\" Norman was performing frequently for large audiences, and appeared at several Christian music festivals, including Explo '72, a six-day", "Norman established a half-way house where he housed and fed various groups of people, supervised their Bible studies and drove them to church on Fridays and Sundays.", "He made $80 per month for polishing and refining Capitol songs.", "One Way Records was established by Norman in 1970.", "Randy Stonehill's first album, Born Twice, was released on the label along with two of his own albums.", "Norman lived and worked in England for several years.", "Only Visiting This Planet and So Long Ago the Garden were recorded in London's AIR Studios.", "Visiting, Norman's best album, was released in 1972 and was meant to reach the flower children who were disaffected by the government and the church.", "The release of Garden in November 1973 was met with controversy due to the album's cover art and some songs in which Norman took the persona of a backslider.", "Solid Rock Records was founded in 1974 by Norman to produce records for Christian artists who didn't want to be consumed by the business of making vinyl pancakes but who wanted to make something non-commercial to the world.", "Randy Stonehill, Mark Heard and Tom Howard were some of the artists that Norman produced music for.", "Norman worked with several artists who were signed to other labels.", "Norman signed a deal with ABC Records to distribute Solid Rock's releases, but was later moved to Word Records.", "Street Level Artists Agency was founded by Norman in the same year.", "In Another Land, the third album in Norman's trilogy and the best-selling album of his career, was released in 1976 by Solid Rock and distributed through Word.", "Something New under the Son would not be released until 1981.", "Norman started a record label in 1980 after clashing with Word over Something New.", "Norman was injured during a plane landing.", "Norman claimed to have suffered mild brain damage due to being hit by parts of the cabin's roof, which left him unable to complete projects and focus artistically.", "His life spiraled downward as family, friends and fans watched.", "He was unable to record an album from the time of his airplane accident in 1978 until 1986, when he tried to release Home at Last.", "He didn't expect to be healed.", "Norman performed \"The Great American Novel\" for Jimmy Carter at a concert on the south lawn of the White House.", "Solid Rock's business manager, Philip Mangano, and several Solid Rock musicians organized an intervention with Norman in June 1980, which led to the company closing.", "Randall Balmer attributed the company's demise to \"idealism, marital difficulties, and financial naivete\" as well as changing musical tastes.", "Norman and his father founded a company that was designed to compete with the bootleg market by selling rarities from Norman's own archives.", "He released several albums before returning to the United States after signing a distribution deal with Chapel Lane.", "The project collapsed when the head of the distribution company was arrested for check forgery and the company's merchandise.", "Home at Last was recorded by Norman in 1986 but was not released until 1989 due to legal problems.", "Despite extensive promotion, the album was negatively reviewed, and Norman himself later dismissed the album as \"just a collection of tapes I had\".", "Norman received a lifetime achievement award.", "While visiting another musician at the close of a February 1991 tour, Norman received prayer for his long-term health problems from a pastor of London's Elim Way Fellowship.", "Norman said that through this prayer God repaired the damage to his brain and he was able to function again.", "He collaborated with his brother Charles on an album that was hailed as one of his best.", "The 2001 album Tourniquet was their reunion album.", "Norman continued to perform and release albums in order to raise funds for medical expenses related to his heart problems.", "He performed in New York City on August 4, 2007.", "Norman had a difficult relationship with the Christian church and the Christian music industry.", "In September 2007, he wrote, \"I love God and I follow Jesus, but I just don't have much affinity for the organized folderol of the churches in the Western World.\"", "Norman's music addressed a wide range of social issues, such as politics, free love, the occult, the passive commercialism of wartime journalists, and religious hypocrisy, that were outside the scope of his peers.", "Norman said that his main focus was not to entertain.", "People will reject your art if it is boring.", "He said that Christian music meant \"sloppy thinking, dishonest metaphors and bad poetry\" and that he had never been able to get over the shock of how bad the lyrics were.", "Christian musicians who were unwilling to play in secular venues or to \"preach\" between songs were disapproved of by Norman.", "He criticized the commercialization of Christian music in America, as well as the role of copyrights and licensing.", "John J. Thompson wrote, \"Larry Norman is to Christian music what John Lennon is to rock & roll or Bob Dylan is to folk music.\"", "Thompson said that Norman had an impact on the genre as a musician, producer, and businessman.", "A number of punk and alternative rock artists were influenced by Norman.", "According to the documentarian, Larry Norman was an early influence on the band U2.", "When Bono met with a summit of Nashville Christian music artists in 2002 to garner support for an African aid campaign, he asked to see Norman.", "Bono sent flowers to Larry Norman's funeral with a note that said \"Eternal singer, still eternal, Bono.\"", "According to Charles Normal, Larry Norman attended his first of many punk rock shows in 1977.", "Norman stated that he was generally supportive of the punk movement and its youthful energy, which he viewed as preferable to disco.", "Charles was introduced to the genre by his brother.", "Charles was the lead guitarist for the Bay Area hardcore punk band, Executioner.", "They had to record one of Executioner's songs in order for Larry to pay for the recording.", "Larry Norman met figures from the L.A. punk scene and recorded a song with Steve Jones.", "A live recording of a punk version of \"Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music?\" was released by Norman.", "Black Francis said that Larry Norman was his \"total idol\" as a teenager.", "The band's first demo was supposed to contain a cover of Norman's song \"Watch What You're Doing\", but it was never released.", "\"Come on pilgrim, you know He loves you!\"", "The title of the album Come On Pilgrim was formed from that.", "Members of U2 introduced Black to Norman.", "Frank Black and the Catholics covered a song by Larry Norman.", "Norman and Black performed a duet of \"Watch What You're Doing\" at Norman's \"farewell\" concert, and the two were working on an album together at the time of Norman's death.", "Norman has been credited with influences by Steve Camp, Carolyn Arends, Bob Hartman, TobyMac, Mark Salomon, and Martyn Joseph.", "Over 300 artists have covered songs by Norman.", "Cashbox named one of the three new male artists of the year in 1973.", "In a surprise ceremony at Estes Park, Colorado, the Christian Artists' Society Lifetime Achievement Award was awarded in 1989.", "Only Visiting This Planet was voted the second-greatest Christian album ever recorded.", "In 2001, I was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.", "Only Visiting This Planet was selected as the No.", "There are two albums in The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music.", "Readers of the magazine voted into the Hall of Fame.", "Inducted into the San Jose Rocks Hall of Fame as a member of People! and as a solo artist.", "Norman performed with People at that time.", "The 39th GMA Dove Award ceremony was held in Nashville, Tennessee.", "In 2009, I was honored in a tribute segment.", "The Library of Congress National Recording Registry preserves as \"cultural, artistic and/or historical treasures\" recordings that represent the richness and diversity of the American soundscape.", "The album was called the \"key work in the early history of Christian rock\" by the Library of Congress.", "In 1971 Norman married Pamela Ahlquist.", "They divorced in 1980.", "Norman married Sarah Mae in 1982.", "This was in April 1984 according to another source.", "Randy Stonehill was married to Finch from 1975 to 1980.", "The two met for the first time at a religious retreat.", "Their only child was born in 1985.", "The couple separated in 1995.", "The Christian magazine World reported in 2008 that Norman had fathered a son with an Australian woman.", "Norman had a nine-hour heart attack in February 1992 that resulted in permanent heart damage and led to many hospitalizations in the years that followed.", "Norman had been hospitalized thirteen times and had a defibrillator implant, which allowed him to perform occasional small concerts.", "Norman died at his home in Salem, Oregon, at the age of 60, after a long illness.", "He posted on his website that he felt like a prize in a box of Cracker Jacks with God's hand reaching down to pick him up.", "I have been receiving medical care.", "My wounds are getting bigger.", "I have trouble breathing.", "I'm ready to go home.", "I won't be here very long.", "I can't do anything about it.", "My heart is weak.", "I would like to say goodbye to everyone.", "I would like to say I love you.", "We will meet again, goodbye, farewell, I would like to push back the darkness with my bravest effort.", "Norman was buried in Salem's City View Cemetery after a public memorial at the Church on the Hill in Turner, Oregon.", "His tombstone reads, \"Larry Norman / Evangelist Without Portfolio / 1947–2008 / Bloodstained Israelite\".", "The film Fallen Angel: The Outlaw Larry Norman: A Bible Story is controversial due to its depiction of Norman's life.", "Randy Stonehill, who recorded the film's official soundtrack, Paradise Sky, was one of several people who had worked with or been close to Norman thirty years earlier.", "Norman and his second wife did not agree with the project.", "The public screening of the film was temporarily stopped by a cease and desist notice from the Norman's family.", "The film was allowed to be shown after the case was settled out of court.", "Mike Rimmer said the film portrayed Norman as \"Machiavellian, particularly in his dealings with his artists.\"", "Norman's brother denies that Norman's Solid Rock Records ended when Larry was unfaithful to his wife and had an affair with Randy's wife.", "An alternate date and reason for Solid Rock Records being wound up and the artists being released from their contracts is proposed by Gregory Alan Thornbury's biography of Norman.", "Word Records decided to end their relationship with Solid Rock due to poor sales of a few of the albums and the infrequent nature of releases being delivered by the label and this led to a breakdown in the working and personal relationship between Larry Norman and Philip Mangano in May 1980.", "Some discussions had already begun about certain artists being released from their contracts prior to the meeting on June 17, 1980, which was called to \"clear up the relationship between Solid Rock and Street Level Artists Agency, and to deal with Daniel Amos' request to have all their contracts back from Solid Rock.\"", "Since the 1960s, Norman's work has appeared on over 100 albums, compilations, and concert bootlegs.", "Various labels and artists have released these recordings.", "In Another Land (1976) Something New under the Son (1981) Home at Last (1989) and Tourniquet (2001) are his main albums.", "Solid Rock Publications was in Salem, OR.", "Alfonso, Barry.", "There is a guide to contemporary Christian music.", "There is a book in New York.", "Frank Baker.", "Where it came from, what it is, and where it's going are some of the topics covered in contemporary Christian music.", "Crossway Books was in Westchester, Illinois.", "Don Cusic.", "Pop, Rock, and Worship are included in the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music.", "ABC-CLIO, 2009.", "Frank and Josh Caryn Ganz.", "The oral history of a band.", "St. Martin's Press was published in 2006", "Howard, Jay R. and John M. Streck.", "\"Contemporary Christian Music: Where Rock and Religion Meet\".", "The Journal of Popular Culture was published in 2004.", "Norman, Larry.", "There is a blue book.", "1989.", "The album was released with Home At Last.", "Norman, Larry.", "The Devil should have all the good music.", "One Way was in Los Angeles, CA.", "Mark Allan Powell.", "There is an encyclopedia of contemporary Christian music.", "The book was published in 2002 in Peabody, MA.", "Ed Novitsky and Ruppli are related.", "The MGM Labels: A Discography was published in 1982.", "2.", "The Greenwood Publishing Group was founded in 1998.", "\"No Sympathy for the Devil: Christian Pop Music and the Transformation of American Evangelicalism\" was written by David W. No Sympathy for the Devil.", "The UNC Press books were published in 2011.", "John J. Thompson.", "The Story of Christian Rock & Roll ECW was written in 2000.", "Further reading Taylor, Jeff, and Chad Israelson.", "There is a political world of Bob Dylan.", "The book is called Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.", "Chapter 5 and 6 are written by Gregory Alan.", "The devil should have good music.", "The Perils of Christian Rock were written by Larry Norman.", "March 20, 2018).", "The Times published an Obituary for Larry Norman on March 7, 2008." ]

[ "Larry David Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Joe Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Di", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Finch Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry", "Norman", "Larry", "Larry Norman", "Larry Norman" ]

[ "Larry David Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Joe Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Larry", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry", "Norman", "Larry Norman", "Norman", "Norman", "Larry", "Norman", "Larry", "Larry Norman", "Larry Norman" ]

[ "Adam Travis Dykes (November 25, 1976 – November 5, 2009) was a New Zealand-Canadian professional wrestler, known by his ring name Adam Firestorm, who competed in North American independent promotions in the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada during the late 1990s and early 2000s, most notably as a mainstay of Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling.", "Several of his most memorable matches include top Canadian independent wrestlers such as \"Rocket\" Randy Tyler, Dr. Luther, Chance Beckett, \"Tornado\" Tony Kozina, \"Fallen Angel\" Christopher Daniels, Bryan Danielson, Bryan Alvarez, Asian Cougar and Juggernaut.", "In addition to ECCW, he competed for Portland Wrestling, Can Am Wrestling Federation, Stampede Wrestling, Prairie Wrestling Alliance, Pacific Northwest Championship Wrestling, Canadian All Pro Wrestling, W.H.I.P.", "Wrestling, Bad Boys of Wrestling, and the Continental Association of Wrestling.", "Career\n\nEarly life and career\nFirestorm first became involved in wrestling as a writer for the magazine Northwest Wrestler, which covered wrestling in Oregon, Washington State, and British Columbia.", "He later went on to become editor of the publication.", "Some time later, Firestorm and fellow Northwest Wrestler staff member James Olson were hired by West Coast Championship Wrestling to take over publishing their official event program.", "In addition, Firestorm worked as timekeeper, ring announcer, ring crew, and videographer at different periods.", "He released two videotape during this time, WCCW Mat Mayhem, and Ring Wars.", "Trained for the ring primarily by WCCW (and later ECCW) wrestler/promoter \"Gorgeous\" Michelle Starr, he also trained for three months with former WWE Women's Champion Velvet McIntyre.", "When a wrestler failed to appear for an ECCW (Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling) tour of Vancouver Island in March 1996, Firestorm was called into action under the masked guise of El Antorcha.", "He won his debut match (a steel cage match) against Skull Manson in Port Alberni, BC.", "Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling\nWith about a year of experience, El Antorcha won a Doomsday Battle Royal to claim the vacant ECCW Heavyweight Title.", "Firestorm suffered several injuries in the bout (a battle royal with weapons), which was a major factor in his loss of the title in April 1997.", "Firestorm assisted Michelle Starr with training several wrestlers in 1997 after the opening of the ECCW Pro Wrestling School.", "He teamed with one of the first graduates, Strife, to form Generation X.", "They challenged for the ECCW tag team titles on several occasions.", "During 1998, Firestorm traded the ECCW Junior Heavyweight title back and forth several times with \"Tornado\" Tony Kozina.", "He also held the NWA Pacific Northwest Junior Heavyweight title several times after ECCW joined the National Wrestling Alliance.", "In 1999, he unified the two junior titles, winning a one-night tournament.", "In the finals, he defeated Disco Fury and Chance Beckett in a Triple Threat Ladder Match.", "After losing the title, he went on to capture the prestigious NWA Canadian Junior Heavyweight title twice, defeating The Black Dragon both times.", "In 2000, El Antorcha's feud with Chance Beckett came to a head, with heel ECCW Commissioner and NWA representative Dave Republic siding with Beckett.", "Republic would continuously allow outside interference on the behalf of Beckett until Torch lost the Pacific Northwest Junior Heavyweight Title to Beckett.", "When the behaviour continued during rematches, Republic forced the mask to be put up in order to grant another rematch.", "Firestorm again lost due to outside interference and was forced to unmask.", "Later that same evening, Beckett returned to the ring to gloat over winning the match, keeping his title and taking the mask.", "Firestorm stormed the ring and beat down Beckett until he agreed to one more rematch.", "A furious Dave Republic ordered the rematch would be a ladder match.", "Firestorm, wrestling for the first time unmasked as Adam Firestorm, defeated Beckett in the ladder match to regain his championship.", "Republic forced Firestorm to face his first challenger, Disco Fury, just moments after the ladder match ended.", "Disco capitalized on a weakened Firestorm to handily win the belt.", "Alliance with Ladies Choice\nFirestorm briefly competed as a heel during 2003.", "Turning on tag team partners Scotty Mac and Ja Jakobe, Firestorm aligned himself with Aaron Idol, Sweet Daddy, and Chance Beckett.", "A full-time team with Beckett never materialized, so Firestorm formed a team with the hated Ladies Choice, feuding with Scotty Mac and various partners.", "During the Summer of 2003, Firestorm and Ladies Choice faced Scotty Mac and MTV Canada host Brian Adler in a nationally televised bout on the program MTV Select.", "Firestorm's run as a heel came to an end following a loss against Rocky Della Serra in New Westminster, BC in December 2003.", "Firestorm announced he would be leaving ECCW and the Northwest, and thanked the fans.", "Partner Ladies Choice took issue with this and attacked Firestorm before Della Serra returned to help Firestorm fight him off.", "Elbow injury\nWhile wrestling on a Stampede Wrestling event in Cochrane, Alberta in May 2005, Firestorm suffered a serious elbow injury.", "The injury came during a dive outside the ring against \"Livewire\" Matt Richards.", "While originally diagnosed by emergency department doctors at Foothills Hospital in Calgary as a case of tendinitis, X-rays would show a crack in the elbow 85% through the bone.", "Firestorm was told to rest the arm and it would heal within eight weeks.", "One year later, after swelling from the elbow caused tendon and ligaments in the arm to atrophy (causing a loss in range of motion), X-rays at the time revealed the crack was still present.", "Surgery options were few, with the best offering a 2% R.O.M.", "improvement, while carrying a risk of a loss of an additional 15%.", "Firestorm chose not to have the procedure.", "2007–2009\nFirestorm's wrestling appearances (all non-physical) were few after his injury.", "In September 2007, El Antorcha made a surprise return, appearing in the corner of El Phantasmo at an All Star Wrestling event in Comox, BC.", "El Antorcha also appeared on a December 2007 wrestling event in Victoria, BC.", "He instead focused on video production (he attended film school at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology in Calgary, Alberta), and assisting various promoters and wrestlers with promotional materials and websites.", "Firestorm lived in Victoria, BC with his wife and son, where he operated his own video production company, Firestorm Video Production.", "He also co-hosted the Ringside Live internet radio show with Ian Hamilton every Friday night.", "In September 2009 Dykes was severely injured when a van he was a passenger in collided with a 600 lb elk on Vancouver Island.", "As he later wrote in his blog, \"[We] are all very lucky.", "And I can joke that I took an elk's butt to the face and lived to talk about [it]... even perhaps comment on any recent meals he had eaten.", "When you look at what was left of the van, you can see how very close I came to being killed.\"", "Dykes died on November 5, 2009, from an apparent suicide due to his suffering from depression.", "Championships and accomplishments\n NWA: Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling\n NWA Canadian Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)\n NWA/ECCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)\n Pro Wrestling Illustrated\n PWI ranked him #269 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2002\n\nSee also\n List of premature professional wrestling deaths\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Ringside Live\n SLAM!", "Wrestling Canadian Hall of Fame: Torch\n Torch Interview\n CageMatch.de – Adam Firestorm\n Bio @ WrestlingData.com\n\n1976 births\n2009 suicides\nCanadian male professional wrestlers\nNew Zealand emigrants to Canada\nNew Zealand male professional wrestlers\nSportspeople from Auckland\nProfessional wrestling writers" ]

[ "Adam Firestorm was a New Zealand-Canadian professional wrestler who competed in North American independent promotions in the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada during the late 1990s and early 2000s.", "Several of his most memorable matches include top Canadian independent wrestlers such as \"Rocket\" Randy Tyler, Dr. Luther, Chance Beckett, \"Tornado\" Tony Kozina, \"Fallen Angel\" Christopher Daniels and Bryan Danielson.", "He competed for a number of wrestling organizations, including Portland Wrestling, Can Am Wrestling Federation, Stampede Wrestling, Prairie Wrestling Alliance, Pacific Northwest Championship Wrestling, Canadian All Pro Wrestling, and W.H.I.P.", "The Bad Boys of Wrestling and the Continental Association of Wrestling are related.", "Firestorm was involved in wrestling as a writer for the magazine Northwest Wrestler, which covered wrestling in Oregon, Washington State, and British Columbia.", "He became editor of the publication.", "Firestorm was hired by West Coast Championship Wrestling to take over publishing their official event program.", "Firestorm worked as a timekeeper, ring announcer, ring crew, and videographer.", "He released two videotapes during this time.", "He trained for three months with former WWE Women's Champion Velvet McIntyre and was trained for the ring by \"Gorgeous\" Michelle Starr.", "Firestorm was called into action by El Antorcha when a wrestler failed to show up for a tour in 1996.", "He defeated Skull Manson in a steel cage match.", "El Antorcha has been in Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling for about a year.", "Firestorm lost the title in April 1997 due to injuries he suffered in the bout.", "Firestorm helped train several wrestlers in 1997 after the opening of the ECCW Pro Wrestling School.", "He and one of the first graduates formed Generation X.", "They tried to get the tag team titles.", "Firestorm traded the junior title with \"Tornado\" Tony Kozina several times.", "After the National Wrestling Alliance joined, he held the NWA Pacific Northwest Junior Heavyweight title.", "He unified the two junior titles in 1999.", "The Triple Threat Ladder Match was won by him.", "After losing the title, he went on to win it twice, defeating The Black Dragon both times.", "In 2000, El Antorcha's feud with Chance Beckett came to a head, with the ECCW Commissioner and NWA representative siding with Beckett.", "The Republic allowed outside interference on the behalf of Beckett until he lost the Pacific Northwest Junior Heavyweight Title to Torch.", "Republic forced the mask to be put up in order to grant another re-enactment.", "Firestorm lost again due to outside interference.", "After winning the match, Beckett returned to the ring and took the mask.", "Firestorm beat Beckett until he agreed to another match.", "Dave Republic ordered the match to be a ladder match.", "Firestorm, wrestling for the first time as Adam Firestorm, defeated Beckett in the ladder match to regain his title.", "Just moments after the ladder match ended, Republic forced Firestorm to face Disco Fury.", "Disco won the belt with a weakened Firestorm.", "During 2003 Alliance with Ladies Choice Firestorm competed as a heel.", "Firestorm aligned himself with the partners of the tag team.", "Firestorm formed a team with the hated Ladies Choice after a full-time team with Beckett never materialized.", "Firestorm and Ladies Choice faced off against MTV Canada host Brian Adler in a nationally televised bout in the summer of 2003", "Firestorm's run as a heel came to an end in December of 2003 after a loss to Rocky Della Serra.", "Firestorm thanked the fans after he announced he would be leaving.", "Firestorm was attacked by partner Ladies Choice before Della Serra came back to help.", "Firestorm suffered a serious elbow injury while wrestling on a Stampede Wrestling event.", "The injury occurred during a dive outside the ring.", "X-rays show a crack in the elbow 85% through the bone, which was originally diagnosed as a case of tendinitis.", "Firestorm was told to rest and it would heal in eight weeks.", "After swelling from the elbow caused a loss of range of motion in the arm, X-rays showed the crack was still present.", "The best option was a 2% R.O.M.", "There is a risk of a loss of an additional 15%.", "Firestorm didn't have the procedure.", "Firestorm's wrestling appearances were limited after his injury.", "In September 2007, El Antorcha appeared in the corner of El Phantasmo at an All Star Wrestling event.", "In December of 2007, El Antorcha appeared at a wrestling event in Victoria, BC.", "He was focused on video production and assisting wrestlers with promotional materials and websites.", "Firestorm and his family lived in Victoria, BC, where he operated his own video production company, Firestorm Video Production.", "He co-hosted the Ringside Live internet radio show with Ian Hamilton.", "In September of 2009, Dykes was severely injured when a van he was a passenger in collided with an animal.", "We are all very lucky, as he later wrote.", "I joke that I took an animal's butt to the face and lived to talk about it.", "You can see how close I came to being killed when you look at what was left of the van.", "On November 5, 2009, Dykes died from an apparent suicide due to his depression.", "He won the Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling NWA Canadian Junior Heavyweight Championship twice and the NWA/ECCW Heavyweight Championship once.", "Wrestler Adam Firestorm is a member of the Canadian Hall of Fame." ]

[ "Adam Travis Dykes", "Adam Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Adam Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Adam Firestorm" ]

[ "Adam Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Adam Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Firestorm", "Adam Firestorm" ]

[ "Leopoldo Antonio Carrillo (; August 6, 1880 – September 10, 1961), known professionally as Leo Carrillo, was an American actor, vaudevillian, political cartoonist, and conservationist.", "He was best known for playing Pancho in the popular television series The Cisco Kid (1950–1956) and in several films.", "Biography\n\nFamily roots\n\nLeo Carrillo was a member of the Carrillo family of California, a prominent Californio family, and traced his ancestry through California, Mexico, and Spain to the year 1260.", "His great-great grandfather José Raimundo Carrillo (1749–1809), was a soldier in the Spanish Portolá expedition colonization of Las Californias, arriving in San Diego on July 1, 1769.", "Franciscan Friar Junípero Serra performed the marriage ceremony for Don Jose Raimundo and Tomasa Ignacia Lugo in 1781.", "His great-grandfather Carlos Antonio Carrillo (1783–1852) was governor of Alta California (1837–38).", "His great-uncle, José Antonio Carrillo, was a three-time mayor of Los Angeles and twice married to sisters of Governor Pío Pico.", "His paternal grandfather, Pedro Carrillo, who was educated in Boston, was a writer.", "Early history\nThe family moved from San Diego to Los Angeles then to Santa Monica, where Carrillo's father Juan José Carrillo (1842–1916), served as the city's police chief and later the first mayor.", "His cousin was Broadway star William Gaxton (real name Arturo Antonio Gaxiola).", "Proud of his heritage, Carrillo wrote the book The California I Love, published shortly before his death in 1961.", "Career\n\nA university graduate, Carrillo worked as a newspaper cartoonist for the San Francisco Examiner, then turned to acting on Broadway.", "In Hollywood, he appeared in more than 90 films, often as a dialect specialist -- although in real life, he had a baritone speaking voice without a trace of an accent.", "He usually used the dialect for comic effect, liberally salting his speech with malaprops: \"My ears, they are para-loused!\"", "or \"Why you wanna put your dirty face in my horse's water?", "I got a healthy horse and you put Germans in the water!\"", "When his screen character left any scene, Carrillo always exclaimed, \"Let's went!\"", "Leo Carrillo could play sympathetic and villainous roles with equal skill.", "In 1951 he took the starring role in the feature film Pancho Villa Returns, which was filmed in both English-dialogue and Spanish-dialogue versions.", "However, he is best remembered as Pancho, good-natured sidekick of The Cisco Kid, opposite Duncan Renaldo as Cisco.", "Renaldo and Carrillo were teamed for a series of feature films in 1949, and then for a syndicated television series that ran from 1950 until 1956.", "The Cisco Kid was notable as the first TV series filmed in color.", "After The Cisco Kid ended production, Carrillo appeared in the episode \"Rescue at Sea\" of the syndicated military drama Men of Annapolis.", "Civic contributions\nCarrillo was a preservationist and conservationist of long standing.", "When a film crew did location filming in Hilo, Hawaii in 1933, the city named one of its stately banyan trees in Carrillo's honor; the \"Leo Carrillo tree\" still stands there today.", "Carrillo served on the California Beach and Parks commission for 18 years and played a key role in the state's acquisition of Hearst Castle at San Simeon, Los Angeles Arboretum, and Anza-Borrego Desert State Park.", "He eventually was made a goodwill ambassador by the California governor at the time.", "As a result of his service to California, west of Malibu, California on CA-1 Pacific Coast Highway, a 1.5-mile beach is named Leo Carrillo State Park in his honor.", "The City of Westminster, California named an elementary school for him.", "Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park, originally Rancho de los Kiotes, in Carlsbad, California, is a registered California Historical Site.", "Rancho Carrillo Trail, also in Carlsbad, is named for Leo Carrillo.", "Political views\nIn the early days of World War II, Carrillo advocated for the removal of all Japanese Americans from the west coast.", "In a telegram to Congressman Leland Ford that received extensive coverage, Carrillo wrote:\nI travel every week through a hundred miles of Japanese shacks on the way to my ranch, and it seems that every farmhouse is located on some strategic elevated point.", "Let's get them off the coast and into the interior.", "You know and I know the Japanese situation in California.", "The eastern people are not conscious of this menace.", "May I urge you in behalf of the safety of the people of California to start action at once.", "Carrillo was a Republican.", "In 1944, for instance, he performed a \"Wild West\" act at the massive rally organized by David O. Selznick in the Los Angeles Coliseum in support of the Dewey-Bricker ticket as well as Governor Earl Warren of California, who became Dewey's running mate in 1948 and later the Chief Justice of the United States.", "The gathering drew 93,000, with Cecil B. DeMille as the master of ceremonies and with short speeches by Hedda Hopper and Walt Disney.", "Among the others in attendance were Ann Sothern, Ginger Rogers, Randolph Scott, Adolphe Menjou, Gary Cooper, Edward Arnold, William Bendix, and Walter Pidgeon.", "Personal life\nIn 1913, Carrillo married Edith Shakespeare Haeselbarth of Nyack, New York, whom he met backstage at the New York City theater where she had seen him perform.", "They remained together until her death in 1953.", "They lived in Los Alisos on Channel Road, in Santa Monica Canyon.", "The Carrillos had one child, a daughter, Marie Antoinette.", "They spent part of their time at their ranch in Carlsbad, California.", "Carrillo frequently permitted Boy Scout groups to camp on the grounds.", "Death\n\nLeo Carrillo died of cancer in 1961 at the age of 81 and is interred at Santa Monica's Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery.", "Legacy\nFor his contributions to the film industry, Leo Carrillo has a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1635 Vine Street, and a second star at 1517 Vine Street for his work in television.", "Filmography\n\nSee also\n\n Rancho De Los Kiotes (Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park)\n Leo Carrillo State Park\n\nNotes\n\nFootnotes\n\nMark Anthony Carrillo Sr Born July 13, 1982 the relative of Leo Carrillo\n\nCitations\n\nReferences\n\nJosé Raimundo Carrillo (1749-1809) Leo Carrillo biography \nPIO PICO GENEALOGY DATABASE\nSanta Monica |title=Leo Carrillo The California I Love\nBillboard, 24 Sep 1949.", "Page 47.", "Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park \nRancho Carrillo Trail \nDavid M. Jordan, FDR, Dewey, and the Election of 1944 (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2011), p. 231\n[http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/leo-carrillo/ Hollywood Star Walk Leo Carrillo cuzin to\nMark Anthony Carrillo is related to Leo Carrillo/San Gabriel ]\n\nExternal links\n\n \n\nLeo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park\nFriends of Carrillo Ranch\nCommunity of Rancho Carrillo - Riverside County\nThe Colt Revolver in the American West—Leo Carrillo's Single Action Army\n\n1880 births\n1961 deaths\nAmerican male film actors\nHispanic and Latino American male actors\nHistory of Los Angeles\nMale actors from Los Angeles\nAmerican people of Spanish descent\nVaudeville performers\nDeaths from cancer in California\nAmerican cartoonists\nPeople from Freeport, New York\nArtists from California\n20th-century American male actors\nBurials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica\nCalifornia Republicans\nWestern (genre) television actors\nMale Western (genre) film actors" ]

[ "Leopoldo Antonio Carrillo was an American actor, vaudevillian, political cartoonist, and conservativism.", "He was best known for his roles in The Cisco Kid and several other films.", "He traced his ancestry back to the year 1260, when he was a member of the Carrillo family of California, a prominent Californio family.", "His great-great grandfather was a soldier in the Spanish Portol expedition who arrived in San Diego on July 1, 1769.", "The marriage ceremony for Don Jose Raimundo and Tomasa Ignacia Lugo was performed by Franciscan friar Junpero Serra.", "His great-grandfather was the governor of Alta California.", "Governor Po Pico's sisters were married to his great-uncle, José Antonio Carrillo, who was a three-time mayor of Los Angeles.", "His paternal grandfather was a writer.", "The family moved from San Diego to Los Angeles and then to Santa Monica, where Juan José Carrillo was the first mayor.", "William Gaxton was a Broadway star.", "The California I Love was written by a man who was proud of his heritage.", "After graduating from a university, he worked as a newspaper cartoonist for the San Francisco Examiner.", "He appeared in more than 90 films in Hollywood, often as a dialect specialist, but he had no accent.", "He used the dialect for comic effect, salting his speech with \"My ears are para-loused!\"", "Why do you want to put your face in my horse's water?", "You put Germans in the water with a healthy horse.", "When his character left a scene, he exclaimed, \"Let's go!\"", "With equal skill, he could play sympathetic and villainous roles.", "The English- and Spanish-dialogue versions of the film were filmed in 1951.", "He is best known as the good-natured sidekick of The Cisco Kid.", "They worked together for a series of feature films in 1949, and then for a syndicated television series from 1950 to 1956.", "The first TV series to be filmed in color 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266", "The episode \"Rescue at Sea\" was filmed after The Cisco Kid ended production.", "Carrillo was a preservationist for a long time.", "The city of Hilo, Hawaii named one of its stately banyan trees in honor of Carrillo when a film crew did location filming there in 1933.", "He was a member of the California Beach and Parks commission for 18 years and played a key role in the state's acquisition of several parks.", "He was made a goodwill ambassador by the California governor.", "His service to California, west of Malibu, California on CA-1 Pacific Coast Highway, resulted in a beach being named in his honor.", "The city named an elementary school after him.", "Rancho de los Kiotes, also known as the Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park, is located in Carlsbad, California.", "Rancho Carrillo Trail is in Carlsbad.", "The removal of all Japanese Americans from the west coast was advocated by Carrillo in the early days of World War II.", "In a telegram to Congressman Leland Ford that received extensive coverage, Carrillo wrote, \"I travel every week through a hundred miles of Japanese shacks on the way to my ranch, and it seems that every farmhouse is located on some strategic elevated point.\"", "Let's take them off the coast and into the interior.", "I know about the Japanese situation in California.", "The eastern people are not aware of it.", "I urge you to act quickly in order to keep the people of California safe.", "He was a Republican.", "He performed a \"Wild West\" act at the Los Angeles Coliseum in 1944 in support of the Dewey-Bricker ticket as well as Governor Earl Warren of California, who became Dewey's running mate in 1948.", "Hedda Hopper and Walt Disney spoke at the gathering, which drew 93,000.", "Some of the other people in attendance were Ann Sothern, Gary Cooper, Edward Arnold, William Bendix, and Walter Pidgeon.", "He met Edith Shakespeare at the New York City theater where she had seen him perform, and they were married in 1913.", "They were together until her death.", "They lived in Los Alisos on Channel Road.", "Marie Antoinette was the only child of the Carrillos.", "They were at their ranch in Carlsbad.", "Boy Scout groups were often allowed to camp on the grounds.", "Death Leo Carrillo died of cancer at the age of 81 and is buried in Santa Monica's Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery.", "There are two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Leo Carrillo, one for his work in motion pictures and another for his work in television.", "The Rancho De Los Kiotes Historic Park is named after Mark Anthony Carrillo.", "Page 47.", "David M. Jordan, FDR, Dewey, and the Election of 1944 are included in the project." ]

[ "Leopoldo Antonio Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Carrillo", "José Raimundo Carrillo", "Carlos Antonio Carrillo", "José Antonio Carrillo", "Pedro Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Leo", "Leo Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Leo", "Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Leo Carr", "Leo", "Leo Carrillo" ]

[ "Leopoldo Antonio Carrillo", "Carrillo", "José Antonio Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Leo Carrillo", "Carrillo" ]

[ "Benedict Benjamin Biddle (24 October 1843 – 10 March 1933), one of New Zealand's last land wars heroes, was awarded the rare New Zealand Cross for his acts of bravery at Ngatapa Pā, Gisborne in January 1869.", "Only 23 of these medals were ever awarded.", "Biddle was among the first to receive the award and was the last recipient to die.", "Origins\nBen Biddle as he was commonly known, was born in Auckland, New Zealand on 24 October 1843, the son of an English regular soldier, Edward Biddle, and his wife Anne Leach.", "The Biddles were originally from Alveston, Gloucestershire, England before migrating on the settlers ship, the Katherine Stewart Forbes on 1 February 1841 which arrived in New Zealand in June of the same year.", "Ben grew up on the shores of the Waitemata Harbour and worked on the Captain Jones cutters as a youngster, sailing between Auckland and the Bay of Plenty.", "Following his time at sea, he worked on a cattle farm where he broke in horses.", "(Evans 1998. p. 13).", "New Zealand land wars\nAs a 21-year-old, Biddle enlisted in the New Zealand Colonial Forces as a constable in the 1st Division of the Armed Constabulary (Military Police).", "He soon saw action and was involved in a number of notable conflicts.", "According to Cowan (1935) 'He made a name in the Hauhau wars for his enterprise and disregard of danger.", "He was sometimes in trouble with military officers who had incurred his contempt by their ignorance of bush warfare or their excessive caution, but when men were needed for the fighting line the call was always for Biddle and men of his kind.'", "(p. 223).", "Ngatapa\n\nFollowing their defeat at Makaretu on 3 December 1868, Te Kooti and his followers withdrew to an ancient Māori pā, named Ngatapa, northwest of Gisborne, where they made a stand against the colonial forces and the kupapa, (colonial-aligned Māori).", "Ngatapa was a single cone-shaped mountain and was around 2,000 feet high with two sharp cliffs to the sides and a narrow precipice to the rear of the mountain.", "On 5 December an attempt to storm the pā was commanded by Major Wahawaha and Lieutenant Preece, but they were not successful owing to a lack of ammunition and the defection of a number of men.", "On 24 December Colonel Whitmore set out from Patutahi with a stronger and better prepared force of men, including the Armed Constabulary.", "By 31 December Whitmore's men had gained a position on the same ridge as the pā and two days later, began their assault upon Ngatapa.", "The colonial forces and the kupapa attempted to take the pā but Te Kooti's men succeeded in slowing them down and Whitmore ordered an artillery bombardment on the pā.", "The colonial and kupapa forces had only enough men to surround three of the four sides of the pā, but believed that this was adequate as the fourth side was a 200-foot cliff and that it was not possible for Te Kooti's forces to escape in that direction.", "In the late hours of 4 January and early hours of 5 January, Te Kooti and a large number of his party escaped by tying blankets and flax ropes together and letting themselves down the unguarded section of cliff.", "After the pā was taken and a short pursuit was mounted, a number of Hauhau were stripped, shot and thrown from the cliffs atop Ngatapa.", "Te Kooti had escaped and would go on to cause more havoc for the colonial forces.", "Ben Biddle's citation reads:\n\n\"For his gallant conduct at the siege of Ngatapa, in January, 1869.", "The rear of the enemy's position was assigned to the attack under Major Fraser, consisting of Nos 1 and 3 Armed Constabulary and Hotene's Ngatiporous.", "The extreme right, on a scarped stony ridge, was commanded from the enemy's rifle-pits and works, and lodgement was only effected by cutting out standing room with a pick axe.", "The enemy made several determined sorties against this point, and it became extremely difficult to maintain the position - which was essential to the success of the operations.", "A party of twelve Volunteers were at length placed there, and they succeeded, with some loss, in holding the position till the end of the siege, and in repelling several resolute attacks.", "One of the most conspicuous for his bravery was Constable Biddle.\"", "(Bowen 1870:3).", "Marriage and post war\n\nWhile serving in the land wars, Biddle married a Māori woman called Mauri Poiakino (Pakohai) who was of Tuhoe and Ngati Pahauwera origins.", "Mauri accompanied her husband on a number of his military missions, acting as both a guide and cook.", "Following the land wars, Biddle and Mauri had a large family and lived in Wainui in the Bay of Plenty, an odd location as Ben's nemesis, Te Kooti, resided and built his marae there.", "One of Biddle's sons, Robert 'Rapata' Biddle, become a minister and secretary within the Ringatu Church, set up by Te Kooti.", "Robert Biddle also designed the Ringatu crest or logo in 1926.", "(Binney, 1995:421).", "Although Ben Biddle found himself at odds with some of his superior officers and faced a court martial on one occasion, he got his own back by naming his most troublesome bullock \"Lambert\" after his equally troublesome former officer, Colonel Lambert.", "(Cowan 1935:224).", "Biddle died in Whakatane on 10 March 1933.", "References\n\n Evans et al.", "1998.", "The Biddles: A Bicultural Family of Aotearoa/New Zealand.", "Auckland: Evagean Publishing.", "Cowan, J.", "1935.", "Hero Stories of New Zealand.", "Wellington: Harry Tombs Publishing.", "http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-CowHero-t1-body-d31.html\n Cowan, J.", "1956.", "The New Zealand Wars: A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period: Volume II: The Hauhau Wars, 1864–72.", "Wellington: R.E.", "Owen Publishing.", "http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Cow02NewZ-c37.html\n Kerehona, B.", "2007.", "(Draft).", "Born for War: New Zealand's Military History - A Family Perspective (expected to be published in early 2011).", "The website can be viewed at http://tumatauenga.webs.com\n NGATAPA, SIEGE OF', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966.", "URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/1966/N/NgatapaSiegeOf/en\n Bowen, G.F. 1870.", "Roll of the New Zealand Cross.", "Wellington: Alexander Turnbull Library.", "Binney, J.", "1995.", "Redemption Songs: A Life of Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki.", "Auckland: University Press.", "Gudgeon, T. W. 1887.", "The Defenders of New Zealand: Being a short biography of colonists who distinguished themselves in upholding her Majesty's supremacy in these islands.", "Auckland: H. Brett Printer/Publisher.", "People of the New Zealand Wars\nPeople from Auckland\nRecipients of the New Zealand Cross (1869)\nNew Zealand people of English descent\n1848 births\n1933 deaths\nNgāi Tūhoe\nNgāti Pāhauwera" ]

[ "One of New Zealand's last land wars heroes, Benedict Benjamin Biddle, was awarded the New Zealand Cross for his bravery at Gisborne in January 1869.", "Only a small number of these medals were ever awarded.", "The last recipient to die was Biddle, who was one of the first to receive the award.", "The son of an English soldier and his wife, Ben Biddle was born in New Zealand on October 24, 1843.", "The Biddles migrated from England to New Zealand on the Katherine Stewart Forbes in June of 1841.", "Ben worked on the Captain Jones cutter as a child, sailing between the Bay of Plenty and the shores of the Waitemata Harbour.", "He worked on a cattle farm after he left the sea.", "13).", "New Zealand land wars as a 21-year-old, Biddle enlisted in the New Zealand Colonial Forces as a constable in the 1st Division of the Military Police.", "He was involved in a number of conflicts.", "He made a name for himself in the wars for his disregard of danger.", "When men were needed for the fighting line, the call was always for Biddle and men of his kind, even though he was sometimes in trouble with military officers who had incurred his contempt by their knowledge of bush warfare.", "The book is called \"p. 223.\"", "Following their defeat at Makaretu on 3 December 1868, Te Kooti and his followers withdrew to an ancient Mori p, named Ngatapa, northwest of Gisborne, where they made a stand against the colonial forces.", "The mountain was around 2,000 feet high with two cliffs to the sides and a narrow precipice to the rear.", "An attempt to storm the p on December 5 was commanded by Major Wahawaha and Lieutenant Preece, but they were not successful due to a lack of equipment and men.", "The Colonel set out from Patutahi with a stronger and better prepared force of men.", "After gaining a position on the same ridge as the p, Whitmore's men began their assault on the village.", "The colonial forces tried to take the p but Te Kooti's men slowed them down and Whitmore ordered an bombardment.", "It was not possible for Te Kooti's forces to escape in that direction because the fourth side of the p was a 200 foot cliff, and the colonial and Kupapa forces only had enough men to surround three of the four sides.", "In the late hours of 4 January and early hours of 5 January, Te Kooti and a large number of his party escaped by tying blankets and flax ropes together and going down the unguarded section of cliff.", "A number of Hauhau were stripped, shot and thrown from the cliffs after the p was taken.", "Te Kooti escaped and wreaked havoc on the colonial forces.", "He was given a citation for his conduct at the siege of Ngatapa.", "The rear of the enemy's position was assigned to the attack by Major Fraser.", "Lodgement was only effected by cutting out a standing room with a pick axe on the extreme right, which was commanded from the enemy's rifle-pits and works.", "The enemy made several sorties against this point, and it became extremely difficult to maintain the position, which was essential to the success of the operations.", "A party of twelve Volunteers were placed there, and they succeeded in holding the position until the end of the siege, and repelling several attacks.", "He was one of the most brave of them all.", "Bowen 1870:3.", "Biddle married a Mori woman who DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch", "When her husband was in the military, Mauri acted as both a cook and a guide.", "After the land wars, Ben's nemesis, Te Kooti, resided and built his marae in the Bay of Plenty, an odd location as he had a large family and lived there.", "Robert 'Rapata' Biddle, one of Biddle's sons, became a minister and secretary within the Ringatu Church.", "The Ringatu crest or logo was designed by Robert Biddle.", "inney, 1995:421", "Although Ben was at odds with some of his superior officers and faced a court martial, he got his own back by naming his most troublesome bullock \"Lambert\" after his equally troublesome former officer.", "Cowan 1935:224 was written.", "On 10 March 1933, Biddle died in Whakatane.", "There are references to Evans et al.", "1998.", "The Biddles are a bicultural family.", "Evagean Publishing is in New Zealand.", "J. Cowan.", "1935.", "There are hero stories of New Zealand.", "Harry Tombs Publishing is in Wellington.", "http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-CowHero-t1-body-d31.html", "The year 1956.", "The New Zealand Wars: A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period is the second volume in the series.", "R.E. is located in Wellington.", "Owen Publishing.", "http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Cow02NewZ-c37.html Kerehona, B.", "2007.", "There is a draft.", "New Zealand's Military History - A Family Perspective is expected to be published in early 2011.", "The website can be found at http://tumatauenga.webs.com NGATAPA, SIEGE OF', originally published in 1966.", "The URL is http://www.TeAra.govt.", "The New Zealand Cross has a roll.", "The library is in Wellington.", "J. Binney.", "1995.", "A Life of Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki is a collection of redemption songs.", "University Press of New Zealand.", "Gudgeon, T. W.", "The Defenders of New Zealand is a short biography of people who stood up for their country.", "The printer is H. Brett.", "New Zealand people of English descent were recipients of the New Zealand Cross." ]

[ "Benedict Benjamin Biddle", "Biddle", "Ben Biddle", "Edward Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Ben Biddle", "Constable Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Robert Biddle", "Ben Biddle", "Biddle" ]

[ "Benedict Benjamin Biddle", "Biddle", "Ben Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Biddle", "Robert Biddle", "Biddle" ]

[ "Sir Martin Ryle (27 September 1918 – 14 October 1984) was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g.", "aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources.", "In 1946 Ryle and Derek Vonberg were the first people to publish interferometric astronomical measurements at radio wavelengths.", "With improved equipment, Ryle observed the most distant known galaxies in the universe at that time.", "He was the first Professor of Radio Astronomy in the University of Cambridge and founding director of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory.", "He was the twelfth Astronomer Royal from 1972 to 1982.", "Ryle and Antony Hewish shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974, the first Nobel prize awarded in recognition of astronomical research.", "In the 1970s, Ryle turned the greater part of his attention from astronomy to social and political issues which he considered to be more urgent.", "Education and early life\n\nMartin Ryle was born in Brighton, the son of Professor John Alfred Ryle and Miriam (née Scully) Ryle.", "He was the nephew of Oxford University Professor of Philosophy Gilbert Ryle.", "After studying at Bradfield College, Ryle studied physics at Christ Church, Oxford.", "In 1939, Ryle worked with the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) on the design of antennas for airborne radar equipment during World War II.", "After the war, he received a fellowship at the Cavendish Laboratory.", "Career and research\nThe focus of Ryle's early work in Cambridge was on radio waves from the Sun.", "His interest quickly shifted to other areas, however, and he decided early on that the Cambridge group should develop new observing techniques.", "As a result, Ryle was the driving force in the creation and improvement of astronomical interferometry and aperture synthesis, which paved the way for massive upgrades in the quality of radio astronomical data.", "In 1946 Ryle built the first multi-element astronomical radio interferometer.", "Ryle guided the Cambridge radio astronomy group in the production of several important radio source catalogues.", "One such catalogue, the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C) in 1959 helped lead to the discovery of the first quasi-stellar object (quasar).", "While serving as university lecturer in physics at Cambridge from 1948 to 1959, Ryle became director of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in 1957 and professor of radio astronomy in 1959.", "He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1952, was knighted in 1966 (p 519 of) and succeeded Sir Richard Woolley as Astronomer Royal from 1972–1982.", "Ryle and Antony Hewish shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974, the first Nobel prize awarded in recognition of astronomical research.", "In 1968 Ryle served as professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London.", "Personality\nAccording to numerous reports Ryle was quick-thinking, impatient with those slower than himself and charismatic (pp 502, 508, 510 of).", "He was also idealistic (p 519 of), a characteristic he shared with his father (p 499 of,).", "In an interview (p271 of) in 1982 he said \"At times one feels that one should almost have a car sticker saying 'Stop Science Now' because we're getting cleverer and cleverer, but we do not increase the wisdom to go with it.\"", "He was also intense and volatile (p 327 of), the latter characteristic being associated with his mother (p 499 of, Folder A.20 of).", "The historian Owen Chadwick described him as \"a rare personality, of exceptional sensitivity of mind, fears and anxieties, care and compassion, humour and anger.\"", "(Folder A.28 of)\n\nRyle was sometimes considered difficult to work with – he often worked in an office at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory to avoid disturbances from other members of the Cavendish Laboratory and to avoid getting into heated arguments, as Ryle had a hot temper.", "Ryle worried that Cambridge would lose its standing in the radio astronomy community as other radio astronomy groups had much better funding, so he encouraged a certain amount of secrecy about his aperture synthesis methods in order to keep an advantage for the Cambridge group.", "Ryle had heated arguments with Fred Hoyle of the Institute of Astronomy about Hoyle's steady state universe, which restricted collaboration between the Cavendish Radio Astronomy Group and the Institute of Astronomy during the 1960s.", "War, peace and energy \n\nRyle was a new physics graduate and an experienced radio ham in 1939, when the Second World War started.", "He played an important part in the Allied war effort, working mainly in radar countermeasures.", "After the war, \"He returned to Cambridge with a determination to devote himself to pure science, unalloyed by the taint of war.\"", "In the 1970s, Ryle turned the greater part of his attention from astronomy to social and political issues which he considered to be more urgent.", "With publications from 1976 and continuing, despite illness until he died in 1984, he pursued a passionate and intensive program on the socially responsible use of science and technology.", "His main themes were:\n Warning the world of the horrific dangers of nuclear armaments, notably in his pamphlet Towards the Nuclear Holocaust.", "Criticism of nuclear power, as in Is there a case for nuclear power?", "Research and promotion of alternative energy and energy efficiency, as in Short-term Storage and Wind Power Availability.", "Calling for the responsible use of science and technology.", "\"...we should strive to see how the vast resources now diverted towards the destruction of life are turned instead to the solution of the problems which both rich - but especially the poor - countries of the world now face.\"", "In 1983 Ryle responded to a request from the President of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences for suggestions of topics to be discussed at a meeting on Science and Peace.", "Ryle's reply was published posthumously in Martin Ryle's Letter.", "An abridged version appears in New Scientist with the title Martin Ryle's Last Testament.", "The letter ends with \"Our cleverness has grown prodigiously – but not our wisdom.\"", "Honours and awards\nRyle was awarded numerous prizes and honours including:\n\n Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1952\nHughes Medal (1954)\nGold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1964)\nFernand Holweck Medal and Prize (1965)\nHenry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (1965)\nAlbert A. Michelson Medal of the Franklin Institute (1971)\nRoyal Medal (1973)\nBruce Medal (1974)\nNobel Prize in Physics (1974)\nRyle Telescope at Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory\n In 1965 Ryle co-delivered the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on Exploration of the Universe.", "Personal life\n\nIn their early years Martin and his elder brother received lessons at home in carpentry (p 498 of ) and manual skills became important for him throughout his life.", "This was for relaxation – he built boats to his own designs (p 498 of ) – and professionally.", "In his wartime radar work (), his post-war radio-telescope building (p 510 of ) and his late researches into wind energy (p 517 of ) he was a hands-on practical engineer as well as a scientist.", "Ryle also had a lifelong interest in sailing (p 498 of) and this matched his choice when in the 1970s he turned his research subject from astronomy to wind energy (pp 420–422 of)\n\nAnother practical skill acquired by Martin in youth that later served him well in his professional career was as a radio 'ham'.", "While still at School (Bradfield College) he built his own transmitter and obtained a Post Office licence to operate it (pp 498–499 of), with the GB-Callsign G3CY.", "In 1936 the family moved to a house in Cambridge which became Martin's home after the war.", "In 1947 he and Rowena Palmer married and they lived in this house for rest of Martin's life.", "They had three children, born in 1949, 1951 and 1952.", "Ryle died on 14 October 1984, in Cambridge.", "He was celebrated on a first class stamp issued in 2009 as part of an Eminent Britons set.", "Lady Ryle died in 2013.", "Ryle was an amateur radio operator, and held the GB-Callsign G3CY.", "Sources\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links \n including the Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1974 Radio Telescopes of Large Resolving Power\n\n1918 births\n1984 deaths\nPeople from Brighton\nAlumni of Christ Church, Oxford\nAlumni of Trinity College, Cambridge\nAstronomers Royal\n20th-century British astronomers\nEnglish physicists\nBritish Nobel laureates\nKnights Bachelor\nNobel laureates in Physics\nPeople educated at Bradfield College\nRoyal Medal winners\nRecipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society\nFellows of the Royal Society\nForeign associates of the National Academy of Sciences\nRadio astronomers\nEnglish Nobel laureates\nSpectroscopists" ]

[ "Sir Martin Ryle was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems.", "They were used to locate and image weak radio sources.", "The Vonbergs were the first to publish interferometric astronomy at radio wavelength.", "The most distant galaxies in the universe were observed with improved equipment.", "He was the first Professor of Radio Astronomy in the University of Cambridge.", "He was an Astronomer Royal from 1972 to 1982.", "The first Nobel prize in recognition of astronomy was awarded in 1974 by the Hewish brothers.", "He turned his attention to social and political issues in the 70s because they were more urgent than astronomy.", "The son of a professor and a woman was born in BRIGHTON.", "He was the nephew of a professor.", "After graduating from Bradfield College, he studied physics at Christ Church, Oxford.", "During World War II, the Telecommunications Research Establishment worked on the design of antennas for airborne radar equipment.", "He received a fellowship after the war.", "Radio waves from the Sun were the focus of the career and research of Ryle.", "He decided early on that the Cambridge group should develop new observing techniques.", "As a result, the creation and improvement of astronomical interferometry and aperture synthesis, which paved the way for massive upgrades in the quality of radio astronomical data, was the result of Ryle.", "The first multi-element radio interferometer was built in 1946.", "The Cambridge radio astronomy group produced several important radio source catalogues.", "The discovery of the first quasi-stellar object was aided by the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C) in 1959.", "In 1957, when he was a professor of radio astronomy at the University of Cambridge, he became the director of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory.", "He succeeded Sir Richard Woolley as Astronomer Royal in 1972 and was knighted in 1966.", "The first Nobel prize in recognition of astronomy was awarded in 1974 by the Hewish brothers.", "He was a professor of astronomy at the college.", "According to reports, Ryle was impatient with those who were slower than himself and charismatic.", "He was similar to his father in that he was idealistic.", "He said in an interview that one should almost have a car sticker saying 'Stop Science Now' because we're getting cleverer and cleverer, but we don't increase the wisdom to go with it.", "The latter characteristic was associated with his mother, and he was also intense and volatile.", "He was described as a rare personality, of exceptional sensitivity of mind, fears and anxieties, care and compassion, humour and anger.", "In order to avoid getting into arguments with other members of the Cavendish Laboratory, he often worked in an office at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory.", "As other radio astronomy groups had better funding, he encouraged a certain amount of secrecy about his methods in order to keep an advantage for the Cambridge group.", "Collaboration between the Cavendish Radio Astronomy Group and the Institute of Astronomy was restricted during the 1960s due to heated arguments between Fred Hoyle of the Institute of Astronomy and Ryle.", "When the Second World War started, a new physics graduate and an experienced radio ham named Ryle was involved.", "He worked in radar countermeasures in the Allied war effort.", "After the war, he returned to Cambridge with a determination to devote himself to pure science.", "He turned his attention to social and political issues in the 70s because they were more urgent than astronomy.", "He pursued a passionate and intensive program on the socially responsible use of science and technology until he died in 1984.", "His pamphlet Towards the Nuclear Holocaust was one of his main themes.", "Is there a case for nuclear power?", "There is research and promotion of alternative energy and energy efficiency.", "There is a need for responsible use of science and technology.", "We should strive to see how the vast resources diverted towards the destruction of life are turned into the solution of the problems which both rich and poor countries of the world now face.", "The President of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences asked for suggestions of topics to be discussed at a meeting on Science and Peace.", "The reply was published posthumously.", "There is a version in New Scientist with the title Last Testament.", "Our cleverness has grown, but not our wisdom.", "In 1952 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1964 he received a gold medal from the Royal Astronomical Society.", "Manual skills became important to Martin throughout his life as he received lessons at home in carpentry.", "He built boats to his own designs and was a professional.", "He was both a scientist and a practical engineer in his research into wind energy.", "A lifelong interest in sailing matched his choice when he turned his research subject from astronomy to wind energy in the 1970s, and another practical skill acquired by Martin in youth that later served him well in his professional career.", "He obtained a Post Office licence to operate his own transmitter when he was still at school.", "After the war, Martin's home became a house in Cambridge.", "For the rest of Martin's life, he and Rowena lived in this house.", "They had three children.", "There was a death in Cambridge on October 14, 1984.", "He was celebrated on a first class stamp as part of an Eminent Britons set.", "Lady Ryle died.", "He was an amateur radio operator.", "The December 12, 1974 Radio Telescopes of Large Resolving Power is an External link." ]

[ "Sir Martin Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Martin Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Gilbert Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Martin Ryle", "Martin Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Martin", "Ryle", "Martin", "Martin", "Martin", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle" ]

[ "Martin Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Ryle", "Martin", "Martin", "Martin", "Martin", "Ryle" ]

[ "Benjamin Cook (born 17 October 1982) is a British writer, journalist, video editor, YouTuber, and a regular contributor to Radio Times and Doctor Who Magazine.", "He has also been published in The Daily Telegraph, TV Times, Filmstar, Cult Times, TV Zone and The Stage, and is the author of Doctor Who: The New Audio Adventures – The Inside Story.", "In 2008, BBC Books published Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale, based on a year-long email correspondence between Cook and Doctor Who executive producer Russell T Davies.", "A revised and updated paperback edition, The Writer's Tale: The Final Chapter (featuring 350 pages of new material, extending the correspondence by another year), was published in January 2010.", "He is also known for writing and directing the short film The Imp of the Perverse, starring Dan Stokes, Jake Shiels and Myles Wheeler, as well as the documentary series Becoming YouTube.", "Early life \nBenjamin Cook was born in Isleworth, London, England.", "He went to Orleans Park School in Twickenham from 1994 to 1999.", "At the age of 13, in 1996, he won a competition run by BBC children's news programme Newsround.", "In a 2008 interview, he explained:\n\n<blockquote>The first thing I ever wrote was for Newsround'''s Press Packers... to enter a competition, and I won that, so I got to go to the BBC for the day – and work at Radio Times for a day, which now of course, a decade later, I'm doing regularly, and getting paid for it!", "– so that sort of sparked my interest.</blockquote>\n\nHe went to Richmond upon Thames College from 1999 to 2001, and then, from 2002 to 2006, attended Collingwood College at the University of Durham, where he studied English Literature.", "Radio Times \nFor Radio Times magazine, Cook has written on E4 teen drama Skins (\"The assertion that it's our job simply to reflect life is always a cop-out,\" co-creator Bryan Elsley told him.", "\"But people who think it's our duty to educate young people on the correct way to live are just as bonkers\"), ITV talent show The X Factor (\"We weren't always fighting,\" Dannii Minogue confessed about ex-judge Sharon Osbourne, \"but Sharon made it clear that she didn't like me, so she won't be missed.", "Not by me\"), short-livedrama Demons (\"I didn't entirely understand Demons,\" actor Richard Wilson told Cook.", "\"I just had to say I did and hope no-one caught on\"), the BBC's The Omid Djalili Show (\"The first series was OK, but we all agreed it was there to be bettered,\" said Omid Djalili.", "\"It was a bit slapdash, to be honest\"), Dan Cruickshank's Adventures in Architecture and Wild China, Comedy Central's Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire, as well as BBC dramas Doctor Who, The Sarah Jane Adventures, Merlin, Little Dorrit and Spooks.", "In 2009, Cook interviewed US boy band the Jonas Brothers for Radio Times, in which they spoke out about the controversy surrounding comedian Russell Brand's ridicule of their chastity rings at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards: \"You know what?", "We were happy to see he recognised their value,\" reasoned Joe.", "\"You have to learn to laugh,\" Kevin added.", "The next year, Cook conducted the \"first Twitter interview\" with Stephen Fry, asking him how he accounted for (fellow 2010 National Television Award nominee) Piers Morgan's career: \"It's pretty hard to imagine, isn't it?\"", "replied Fry.", "\"Biodiversity is the answer... Just as nature needs a few snakes and bugs, TV needs Piers Morgan and me!\"", "Doctor Who Magazine \nCook first wrote for Doctor Who Magazine (DWM) in March 1999.", "Since then, his catalogue of interviews for the publication ranges from David Tennant, Billie Piper, Kylie Minogue and Richard E Grant to Peter Kay, Charlotte Church and McFly, and the first ever major print interview with Matt Smith.", "Cook's regular back-page interview column, Who on Earth is..., has featured such diverse names as Bernard Cribbins, Timothy Dalton, Duncan James from Blue and Professor Richard Dawkins.", "Cook has compiled six DWM Special Editions – published between 2005 and 2010, under the umbrella title In Their Own Words – providing a chronological commentary on the making of the TV series, from 1963 to 2009, by those involved in its production, collated from extracts of interviews previously published in DWM.", "In 2002, Cook tracked down elusive Doctor Who scriptwriter Christopher Bailey and interviewed him for DWM.", "This inspired Robert Shearman to write Deadline, an acclaimed audio play starring Derek Jacobi as retired writer Martin Bannister (loosely based on Bailey) and Ian Brooker as journalist Sydney (loosely based on Cook), reporter for the fictional Juliet Bravo Magazine.", "In a 2004 interview, Shearman explained:\n\nI think Deadline is in some ways inspired by the idea that he [Martin Bannister] gets tracked down by, essentially, Ben Cook.", "Not called Ben Cook in the play, of course – but it was actually based on DWMs Christopher Bailey interview.", "Here was a writer who hadn't been interviewed for many years, and was obviously not bitter about it, but had [...] his own perspective of what he wanted to say and do.", "In February 2008, Cook had a contentious interview with actor Clive Swift.", "\"I'm quite aggrieved,\" Swift told him.", "\"Why should I do this?", "I'm not getting paid, am I?\"", "Swift refused to answer some of Cook's questions and replied brusquely to others.", "When Cook asked Swift – best known for his portrayal of Richard Bucket in BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances – whether people shout \"Richard\" at him in the street, the actor replied: \"Sometimes.", "I tell them to fuck off.\"", "The encounter ended with Swift insisting, \"I know that you all think that this is a big world, this Who business.", "But it isn't.", "There are much bigger things than this.\"", "When Cook replied, \"Maybe, but it means a lot to a great many of us,\" Swift terminated the interview.", "In another controversial interview, in January 2010, outgoing Doctor Who star David Tennant told Cook:\n\nClearly the Labour Party is not without some issues right now [...] but they're still a better bet than the Tories.", "I would still rather have Gordon Brown than David Cameron.", "I would rather have a Prime Minister who is the cleverest person in the room than a Prime Minister who looks good in a suit.", "I think David Cameron is a terrifying prospect.", "I think he's a regional newscaster who will jump on whatever bandwagon flies past.", "I get quite panicked at the notion that people are buying into his rhetoric, because it seems very manipulative to me...", "It's very weird that you can work in the arts – which tends to be about empathy, and understanding the human condition, and hopefully feeling some kind of sympathy for your fellow man – and vote for the Tories.", "I do find that inconceivable.", "Tennant's comments were widely reported, with Cameron offering a rebuttal on Richard Bacon's BBC Radio 5 Live show on 11 January:\n\nWell, that's a pity, but there we are.", "You're never going to win over everybody.", "I definitely believe there's no point trying to win over everyone.", "Say what you think, say what you believe in, say what you believe needs to be done – and if people will come with you, they will come with you.", "I never give up, so maybe I'll have another go at convincing him.", "The Writer's Tale \nIn 2008, BBC Books published Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale, based on an in-depth email correspondence between Cook and Doctor Who executive producer Russell T Davies, spanning February 2007 to March 2008, during production of the show's fourth series.", "Extracts were published in The Times on 16 and 17 September 2008, and the book itself met with positive reviews.", "Esther Walker of The Independent predicted that \"the fans will adore it.", "Davies has engaged with the book totally and there is full disclosure from him about everything.\"", "The Daily Telegraph's Robert Colvile called the book \"Remarkably open\", adding: \"Despite the self-deprecating bonhomie, there's a ruthless confidence to Davies.\"", "In a five-star review for Heat magazine, Boyd Hilton called it \"a funny, revealing insight into the workings of the genius who puts the show together.\"", "In another five-star review, SFX Magazine said, \"You can douse all the other books about new Who in lighter fuel and spark up your Zippo – this is all you need.", "It's the only one that opens a door into the brain of the series' showrunner.\"", "Darren Scott of The Pink Paper – which also awarded the book five stars – agreed: \"If you're an uber fan of the show... or an aspiring (or even established) writer, this book will very, very quickly fall into the 'can't put down' category.\"", "Scott Matthewman of The Stage said, \"I can't recommend The Writer's Tale highly enough...", "It's a genuine insight into the entire television production process.\"", "\"The Writer's Tale is an enormous book, but consumed compulsively it doesn't last very long at all,\" said Thom Hutchinson of Death Ray magazine.", "\"We learn, brilliantly, the difference between bellowing media personage Big Russell and the apprehensive, chain-smoking obsessive who exists alone and silent in the early hours.\"", "The Scotsman's team of arts writers said: \"The Writer's Tale offers a fascinating insight into the writing of one of TV's biggest hits.\"", "Veronica Horwell of The Guardian called it \"the Doctor Who Annual for adults\", suggesting that 500-odd pages \"is not nearly enough, should have been 1001 pages, because Davies doesn't need to be writing fiction, shaping stuff retrieved from the flux of his Great Maybe, to be a storyteller.", "He's the Scheherazade of Cardiff Bay.\"", "Horwell described Davies as \"a total romantic about writing.", "It's his love, his drug, his force for change: over the year even invisible, unopinionated Cook emerges as a proper companion who challenges Davies over the last image in the series.", "And wins.", "Brilliant.\"", "In the blogosphere, Sci-Fi Onlines Daniel Salter claimed that The Writer's Tale \"could be one of the most important Doctor Who books you're ever likely to read, even if it's not always about Doctor Who.\"", "\"Page after page of banter that's just as exciting and suspenseful as the show itself,\" enthused Sebastian J. Brook of Doctor Who Online.", "\"Cook's fearless and intelligent approach to asking questions pave [sic] the way for some fantastic responses as he manages to temper Davies' fun, energetic and sometimes insecure narrative with good, solid and sometimes cheeky responses.\"", "Off The Tellys Graham Kibble-White concluded: \"Candid, lucid and an all-too painful evocation of the challenges inherit in writing and running perhaps the most important show on the BBC\".", "In November 2008, it was announced that Richard and Judy, the couple credited with revolutionising the reading habits of Britons, had selected The Writer's Tale for their Christmas Presents book strand – in the Serious Non-Fiction category – as part of the prestigious Richard & Judy Book Club.", "The couple described the book as \"an absolute snapshot into the mind of a creative writer...", "It's a free flow of thought – a stream of consciousness.", "It's a great book.\"", "On 2 December 2008, inspired by The Writer's Tale, Charlie Brooker devoted an extended edition of his BBC Four TV show Screenwipe entirely to interviews with prestigious writers, including Russell T Davies.", "In June 2009, The Writer's Tale was shortlisted in the \"Best Non-Fiction\" category at the 2009 British Fantasy Awards, but ultimately lost out to Stephen Jones' Basil Copper: A Life in Books.", "Published in January 2010, the paperback edition, The Writer's Tale: The Final Chapter, updates Davies and Cook's correspondence to September 2009, to cover Davies' final year as Head Writer and Executive Producer of Doctor Who, taking in David Tennant's final few episodes as the Doctor.", "Critical reception was generally positive.", "SFX magazine's Ian Berriman described the book as \"satisfyingly voyeuristic\" and said, \"It's well worth buying, even if you've already got the original edition.\"", "The Guardians Vera Rule called it \"Far more than a ritual 'making of'\" and the \"Best masterclass in telly I've ever attended,\" adding: \"Made me cry.\"", "Heat magazine included the book on its \"Hot List\" of \"The Top Ten Things We At Heat Are Completely Obsessed With This Week.\"", "However, Private Eye criticised the tome for being \"breathlessly self-congratulatory\" – \"a bring-your-own-extolment party in which readers are invited to bask in the outrageous genius of this bear-like TV demagogue.\"", "Asked, in a February 2010 interview, whether there were any plans to conduct a similar correspondence with Davies' successor as showunner, Steven Moffat, Cook replied: Not at the moment.", "Well, not by me.", "Maybe Steven's e-mailing someone else!", "But look, e-mailing me isn't a prerequisite for taking the job of showrunner.", "I'm not handed down from head writer to head writer, like a soup recipe.", "Or a genetic disorder.", "The Writer's Tale sort of came about by accident, really, and it was quite an organic process, at a time when Russell already had three series under his belt...\n\n YouTube and other work \nOn 16 August 2012, Cook released a trailer on his YouTube account ninebrassmonkeys for his project, Becoming YouTube, a 12-part \"weekly\" video series about the British YouTube community.", "Presented in a documentary style and incorporating sketch comedy and fantasy sequences featuring popular YouTube stars.", "The first episode was launched on 9 December 2012.", "After uploading the last episode of Becoming YouTube of the first series on 23 February 2014, he announced Project:Library, which is written by Cook, Tim Hautekiet and Jack Howard.", "On 7 April 2013, Cook was featured in The Guardian in an article about Britain's 20 most popular video bloggers and about his success with Becoming YouTube.", "Cook is also involved with the development of Tofu, an 8-part sex-culture web series commissioned by Channel 4 to accompany the television productions Cucumber and Banana.", "On 8 January 2015, Benjamin Cook has uploaded a trailer for the 2nd season of his project, Becoming YouTube, claimed to be the last in the series.", "He also conducted interviews with a number of YouTube personalities including Charlie McDonnell, Emma Blackery, Jack Howard, Daniel Howell, Phil Lester, amongst others.", "Tofu \n\nTofu is a British online documentary series presented by Cook released in 2015 on 4oD, Channel 4's video-on-demand service.", "The series complements two series by Russell T Davies, Cucumber and Banana.", "Cook interviews the cast members and the public about modern sex, sexuality, and issues referenced or arisen in the 2 shows.", "Like Cucumber and Banana, the name of the series refers to the same urological scale of hardness of the male erection which starts at tofu, goes through peeled banana and banana, and ends at cucumber.", "Cook, Benjamin (2003).", "Doctor Who: The New Audio Adventures – The Inside Story.", "Berkshire: Big Finish. .\n Hickman, Clayton, ed.", "(2005), \"Cook, Benjamin\", Doctor Who Annual 2006, pp.", "47–52.", "Kent: Panini Books. .\n Davies, Russell T; and Cook, Benjamin (2008).", "Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale.", "London: BBC Books. .\n Davies, Russell T; and Cook, Benjamin (2010).", "Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale: The Final Chapter.", "London: BBC Books. .\n Hickman, Clayton, ed.", "(2010), \"Cook, Benjamin\", The Brilliant Book of Doctor Who 2011, pp.", "104–107.", "London: BBC Books. .\n Hickman, Clayton, ed.", "(2011), \"Cook, Benjamin\", The Brilliant Book of Doctor Who 2012'', pp.", "10–14, 36–39, 64–67, 94–97, 154–159.", "London: BBC Books. .\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n Benjamin Cook on Twitter\n Benjamin Cook (ninebrassmonkeys) on YouTube\n\n1982 births\nBritish atheists\nBritish feminists\nBritish video bloggers\nLiving people\nEnglish video bloggers\nEnglish male journalists\nPeople from Isleworth\nAlumni of Collingwood College, Durham\nAlumni of Richmond upon Thames College" ]

[ "Benjamin Cook is a British writer, journalist, video editor, and a regular contributor to Radio Times and Doctor Who Magazine.", "He has been published in The Daily Telegraph, TV Times, Filmstar, Cult Times, TV Zone and The Stage.", "Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale was published in 2008, based on a year-long email correspondence between Cook and Russell T Davies.", "The revised and updated paperback edition of The Writer's Tale: The Final Chapter was published in January 2010.", "The short film The Imp of the Perverse was written and directed by him, as was the documentary series Becoming YouTube.", "Benjamin Cook was born in London.", "He attended Orleans Park School from 1994 to 1999.", "He won a competition when he was 13 years old.", "The first thing I ever wrote was for Newsround's Press Packers, and I won the competition, so I got to work at Radio Times.", "He studied English Literature at the University of Durham from 2002 to 2006 after attending Richmond upon Thames College from 1999 to 2001.", "Bryan Elsley told Cook that the assertion that it's our job to reflect life is always a cop-out.", "\"But people who think it's our duty to educate young people on the correct way to live are just as crazy.\"", "\"Not by me,\" actor Richard Wilson told Cook.", "\"I just had to say I did and hope no-one caught on,\" said Omid Djalili.", "It was a bit slapdash, to be honest, as well as Comedy Central's Krd Mndoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire.", "The controversy surrounding Russell Brand's mockery of the chastity rings of the Jonas Brothers at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards was the subject of an interview Cook did with the band in 2009.", "Joe was happy to see that he recognised their value.", "Kevin said that you have to laugh.", "Cook asked Stephen Fry how he accounted for Piers Morgan's career in a 2010 National Television Award nominee interview.", "Fry replied.", "\"Just as nature needs a few snakes and bugs, TV needs Piers Morgan and me!\"", "Cook first wrote for Doctor Who Magazine in 1999.", "The first ever major print interview with Matt Smith is one of the many interviews he has done for the publication.", "Cook's back-page interview column, Who on Earth is..., has featured diverse names such as Bernard Cribbins and Professor Richard Dawkins.", "A chronological commentary on the making of the TV series, from 1963 to 2009, by those involved in its production, were compiled from extracts of interviews previously published in DWM.", "Cook interviewed Christopher Bailey, the Doctor Who scriptwriter, in 2002.", "This inspired Robert Shearman to write Deadline, an acclaimed audio play starringDerek Jacobi as retired writer Martin Bannister (loosely based on Bailey) and Ian Brooker as journalist Sydney (loosely based on Cook), reporter for the fictional Juliet Bravo Magazine.", "Shearman said in a 2004 interview that Deadline is inspired by the idea that Martin Bannister gets tracked down by Ben Cook.", "The play was based on an interview with Christopher Bailey.", "A writer who hadn't been interviewed in a long time had his own perspective on what he wanted to say and do.", "Cook had an interview with Clive Swift.", "Swift told him he was upset.", "Why should I do this?", "I'm not getting paid.", "Swift replied brusquely to Cook and refused to answer some of his questions.", "When Cook asked Swift if people shout \"Richard\" at him in the street, the actor replied that sometimes.", "They are told to fuck off.", "Swift insisted, \"I know that you all think that this is a big world, this Who business.\"", "But it isn't.", "There are bigger things than this.", "Swift ended the interview when Cook said, \"Maybe, but it means a lot to a great many of us.\"", "The outgoing Doctor Who star told Cook in January 2010 that the Labour Party is a better bet than the Conservatives.", "I would rather have Gordon Brown.", "I don't want a Prime Minister who looks good in a suit, I want a Prime Minister who is the smartest person in the room.", "I don't think he's a good prospect.", "I think he's a newscaster who will jump on any bandwagon.", "I am panicked at the thought that people are buying into his rhetoric.", "It's weird that you can work in the arts if you want to understand the human condition and feel sympathy for your fellow man.", "I don't think that is possible.", "Well, that's a pity, but there we are. That's a pity, but there we are. That's a pity, but there we are.", "You are never going to win over everyone.", "I think it's pointless to try to win over everyone.", "If people will come with you, you will do what you think needs to be done.", "Maybe I'll have another chance to convince him.", "Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale was published in 2008, based on an in-depth email correspondence between Cook and Russell T Davies, during the production of the show's fourth series.", "The book received positive reviews after it was published in The Times.", "The fans will love it, predicted Esther Walker of The Independent.", "There is full disclosure from Davies about everything in the book.", "Robert Colvile of The Daily Telegraph said there was a ruthless confidence to Davies in the book.", "According to a five-star review for Heat magazine, it was a funny, revealing insight into the workings of the genius who puts the show together.", "SFX Magazine said, \"You can douse all the other books about new Who in lighter fuel and spark up your Zippo - this is all you need.\"", "The only one that opens a door into the brain of the series' creator is this one.", "If you're a fan of the show, or even an established writer, this book will fall into the 'can't put down' category.", "The Writer's Tale is highly recommended by Scott Matthewman of The Stage.", "It is a genuine insight into the television production process.", "The Writer's Tale is an enormous book, but it doesn't last very long.", "The difference between bellowing media personage Big Russell and the nervous, chain-smoking obsessive who is alone and silent in the early hours is brilliantly explained.", "The Writer's Tale offers a fascinating insight into the writing of one of TV's biggest hits, according to The Scotsman's team of arts writers.", "The Guardian's Veronica Horwell called it \"the Doctor Who Annual for adults\", suggesting that 500 pages is not nearly enough, because Davies doesn't need to be writing fiction.", "He's the Scheherazade of the bay.", "Davies is a romantic about writing.", "It's his love, his drug, his force for change, that over the year even invisible, unopinionated Cook emerges as a proper companion who challenges Davies over the last image in the series.", "And wins.", "It was brilliant.", "The Writer's Tale could be one of the most important Doctor Who books you're ever likely to read, even if it's not always about Doctor Who.", "Sebastian J. brook of Doctor Who Online said that \"page after page of banter that's just as exciting and suspenseful as the show itself.\"", "\"Cook's fearless and intelligent approach to asking questions paves the way for some fantastic responses as he manages to temper Davies' fun, energetic and sometimes insecure narrative with good, solid and sometimes playful responses.\"", "Graham Kibble-White said that Off The Tellys was \"candid, lucid and an all-too painful evocation of the challenges inherit in writing and running perhaps the most important show on the BBC\".", "In November 2008, it was announced that Richard and Judy, the couple credited with revolutionising the reading habits of Britons, had selected The Writer's Tale for their Christmas Presents book strand.", "The book was described as an absolute snapshot into the mind of a creative writer.", "A stream of consciousness is what it is, a free flow of thought.", "It's a good book.", "Charlie Brooker devoted an extended edition of his show Screenwipe to interviews with renowned writers, including Russell T Davies.", "The Writer's Tale was in the running for the \"best non-fiction\" category at the British Fantasy Awards, but lost out to Stephen Jones' Basil Copper: A Life in Books.", "Davies' final year as Head Writer and Executive Producer of Doctor Who was covered in The Writer's Tale: The Final Chapter, a paperback edition that was published in January 2010.", "The reception was generally positive.", "\"It's well worth buying, even if you've already got the original edition,\" said Ian Berriman of the book, which he described as \"satisfyingly voyeuristic\".", "The best lesson in telly I've ever attended was called \"Far more than a ritual'making of'\" by the Guardians Vera Rule.", "\"The Top Ten Things We At Heat Are Completely Obsessed With This Week\" was included on the magazine's \"Hot List\".", "Private Eye said the tome was a bring-your-own-extolment party in which readers are invited to bask in the outrageous genius of this bear-like TV demagogue.", "Cook said that there were no plans to conduct a similar correspondence with Steven Moffat at the moment.", "Not by me.", "Steven might be sending an e-mail to someone else.", "E-mailing me isn't a requirement for the job of showrunner.", "I don't get handed down from head writer to head writer.", "There is a genetic disorder.", "The Writer's Tale came about by accident, really, and it was quite an organic process, at a time when Russell already had three series under his belt.", "A sketch with comedy and fantasy features popular YouTube stars.", "The first episode was launched in December.", "Project:Library was written by Cook, Tim Hautekiet and Jack Howard and was announced after uploading the last episode of the first series.", "Cook was featured in The Guardian in an article about Britain's 20 most popular video bloggers and his success with Becoming YouTube.", "Tofu, an 8-part sex-culture web series, was commissioned by Channel 4 to accompany the television productions Cucumber and Banana.", "Benjamin Cook uploaded a trailer for the 2nd season of his project on January 8, 2015, claiming to be the last in the series.", "He conducted interviews with a number of people on the internet.", "Cook presented Tofu Tofu on 4oD, Channel 4's video-on-demand service.", "Cucumber and Banana are two series by Russell T Davies.", "Cook interviews cast members and the public about modern sex, sexuality, and issues that have arisen in the shows.", "Like Cucumber and Banana, the name of the series refers to the same urological scale of the male erection which starts at tofu, goes through peeled banana and banana, and ends at cucumber.", "Benjamin Cook.", "The new audio adventures of Doctor Who are called The Inside Story.", "The book is called \"Berkshire: Big Finish\".", "\"Cook, Benjamin\", Doctor Who Annual 2006, pp.", "The score was 47–52.", "Davies, Russell T, and Cook are from Kent.", "The Doctor Who story is called The Writer's Tale.", "Davies, Russell T, and Cook, Benjamin, are from London.", "The writer's tale is the final chapter of Doctor Who.", "The books were published in London.", "\"Cook, Benjamin\" is in The Brilliant Book of Doctor Who 2011.", "107–107.", "The books were published in London.", "The Brilliant Book of Doctor Who 2012'' was published in 2011.", "36–39, 64–67, 94–97, 154–159.", "There are External links on Benjamin Cook's official website." ]

[ "Benjamin Cook", "Cook", "Benjamin Cook", "Cook", "Cookd", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Ben Cook", "Ben Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Benjamin Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Benjamin Cook", "Benjamin Cook" ]

[ "Benjamin Cook", "Cook", "Benjamin Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Ben Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Benjamin Cook", "Cook", "Cook", "Benjamin Cook", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Cook", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Cook", "Benjamin", "Benjamin Cook" ]

[ "Robert Hutcherson (January 27, 1941 – August 15, 2016) was an American jazz vibraphone and marimba player.", "\"Little B's Poem\", from the 1966 Blue Note album Components, is one of his best-known compositions.", "Hutcherson influenced younger vibraphonists including Steve Nelson, Joe Locke, and Stefon Harris.", "Biography\n\nEarly life and career\n\nBobby Hutcherson was born in Los Angeles, California, to Eli, a master mason, and Esther, a hairdresser.", "Hutcherson was exposed to jazz by his brother Teddy, who listened to Art Blakey records in the family home with his friend Dexter Gordon.", "His older sister Peggy was a singer in Gerald Wilson's orchestra.", "Hutcherson went on to record on a number of Gerald Wilson's Pacific Jazz recordings as well as play in his orchestra.", "Hutcherson's sister personally introduced Hutcherson to Eric Dolphy (her boyfriend at the time) and Billy Mitchell.", "Hutcherson was inspired to take up the vibraphone when at about the age of 12 he heard Milt Jackson with Thelonious Monk, Percy Heath, Kenny Clarke and Miles Davis playing \"Bemsha Swing\" on the Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 2 album (1954).", "Still in his teens, Hutcherson began his professional career in the late 1950s working with tenor saxophonist Curtis Amy and trumpeter Carmell Jones, as well as with Dolphy and tenor saxophonist Charles Lloyd at Pandora's Box on the Sunset Strip.", "He made his recording debut on August 3, 1960, cutting two songs for a 7-inch single with the Les McCann trio for Pacific Jazz (released in 1961), followed by the LP Groovin' Blue with the Curtis Amy-Frank Butler sextet on December 10 (also released by Pacific Jazz in 1961).", "In January 1962, Hutcherson joined the Billy Mitchell–Al Grey group for dates at The Jazz Workshop in San Francisco and Birdland in New York City (opposite Art Blakey).", "After touring with the Mitchell–Grey group for a year, Hutcherson settled in New York City (on 165th street in The Bronx) where he worked part-time as a taxi driver, before fully entering the jazz scene via his childhood friend, bassist Herbie Lewis.", "Blue Note Records\nLewis was working with The Jazztet and hosted jam sessions at his apartment.", "After hearing Hutcherson play at one of Lewis' events, Jazztet and Jackie McLean band member Grachan Moncur III felt that Hutcherson would be a good fit for McLean's group, which led to Hutcherson's first recording for Blue Note Records on April 30, 1963, McLean's One Step Beyond.", "This was quickly followed by sessions for Blue Note with Moncur, Dolphy, Gordon, Andrew Hill, Tony Williams and Grant Green in 1963 and 1964, later followed by sessions with Joe Henderson, John Patton, Duke Pearson and Lee Morgan.", "In spite of the numerous post-bop, avant-garde, and free jazz recordings made during this period, Hutcherson's first session for Blue Note as leader, The Kicker (recorded in 1963 but not released until 1999), demonstrated his background in hard bop and the blues, as did Idle Moments with Grant Green.", "Hutcherson won the \"Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition\" award in the 1964 Down Beat readers' poll, and Blue Note released Hutcherson's Dialogue in 1965.", "The 1966 record Stick-Up!, featuring Joe Henderson, Herbie Lewis, and Billy Higgins, was the first of many recorded sessions Hutcherson made with McCoy Tyner throughout their careers.", "Stick-Up!", "was also the only album out of ten Hutcherson recorded as leader for Blue Note between 1965 and 1969 which did not feature drummer Joe Chambers or any of Chambers' compositions.", "Spanning the years 1963 to 1977, Hutcherson had one of the longest recording careers with Blue Note, second only to Horace Silver's.", "Return to the West Coast\nHutcherson lost his cabaret card and taxi driver's license in 1967 after he and Joe Chambers were arrested for marijuana possession in Central Park, so he moved back to California, but continued to record for Blue Note.", "This return to the West Coast resulted in an important partnership with Harold Land, with whom Hutcherson recorded seven albums for Blue Note, featuring a rotating lineup of pianists such as Chick Corea, Stanley Cowell, and Joe Sample, and usually Chambers on drums.", "The Hutcherson-Land group broke up in 1971, and that same year Hutcherson won the title of \"World's Best Vibist\" in the International Jazz Critics Poll.", "After the release of Knucklebean in 1977, Hutcherson recorded three albums for Columbia Records in the late 1970s.", "Land and Hutcherson reunited in the early 1980s for several recordings as the \"Timeless All Stars,\" a sextet featuring Curtis Fuller, Cedar Walton, Buster Williams, and Billy Higgins which recorded four albums for the Dutch label Timeless Records.", "After switching between several labels in the early 1980s for his solo material, Hutcherson recorded eight albums for Landmark Records from the 1980s into the early 1990s, and continued to work steadily as a sideman during this time.", "His recorded output slowed somewhat during the past few decades, although he did release albums for Atlantic and Verve in the 1990s, three for the Swiss-based label Kind of Blue in the 21st century, and continued to tour.", "Later years\nIn 2004, Hutcherson became an inaugural member of the SFJAZZ Collective, featuring Joshua Redman, Miguel Zenón, Nicholas Payton, Renee Rosnes, and Eric Harland, among others.", "He toured with them for four years, and made an appearance at the SFJAZZ Center's grand opening in 2013.", "His 2007 quartet included Renee Rosnes on piano, Dwayne Burno on bass and Al Foster on drums.", "His 2008 quartet included Joe Gilman on piano, Glenn Richman on bass and Eddie Marshall on drums.", "In 2010 he received the lifetime Jazz Master Fellowship Award from the National Endowment for the Arts and performed at Birdland in a quintet featuring Gilman, Burno, Marshall, and Peter Bernstein.", "2014 saw Hutcherson return to Blue Note Records with Enjoy the View, recorded at Ocean Way Studios in Hollywood with Joey DeFrancesco, David Sanborn, and Billy Hart.", "The quartet performed four sold-out shows at the SFJAZZ Center in February, prior to the album's release.", "Acting career\nHutcherson's intermittent acting career included an appearance as the bandleader in They Shoot Horses, Don't They?", "(1969), and as Ace in Round Midnight (1986).", "Personal life\nHutcherson has a son, Barry, from his first marriage to Beth Buford.", "Hutcherson wrote the waltz \"Little B's Poem\" for Barry in 1962.", "Due to the success of \"Ummh\" from the album San Francisco, one of Hutcherson's few entries in the jazz fusion style, he was able to buy an acre of land on which he built a house in Montara, California, in 1972.", "That same year, he married Rosemary Zuniga, a ticket taker at the Both/And club in San Francisco.", "The couple had a son, Teddy, who is a production manager for SFJAZZ.", "Hutcherson attended an African Methodist Episcopal Church as a youth and converted to Catholicism later in life.", "A heavy smoker all his life, Hutcherson had suffered from emphysema since 2007.", "He died from the condition in Montara, California, on August 15, 2016.", "Style and critical reception\n\nAllMusic contributor Steve Huey stated that Hutcherson's \"free-ringing, open chords and harmonically advanced solos were an important part of Dolphy's 1964 masterwork Out to Lunch!", "\", and called Dialogue a \"classic of modernist post-bop\", declaring Hutcherson \"one of jazz's greatest vibraphonists\".", "Huey went on to say: \"along with Gary Burton, the other seminal vibraphone talent of the '60s, Hutcherson helped modernize his instrument by redefining what could be done with it – sonically, technically, melodically, and emotionally.", "In the process, he became one of the defining (if underappreciated) voices in the so-called \"new thing\" portion of Blue Note's glorious '60s roster.\"", "In his liner notes to the 1980 release of Medina, record producer Richard Seidel (Verve, Sony Masterworks) wrote that \"of all the vibists to appear on the scene contemporaneous with Hutcherson, none have been able to combine the rhythmic dexterity, emotive attack and versatile musical interests that Bobby possesses.\"", "Seidel concurred that Hutcherson was \"part of the vanguard of the new jazz developments in the Sixties.", "He contributed mightily to several of the key sessions that document these developments.\"", "Interviewed by Jesse Hamlin for a piece on Hutcherson in the San Francisco Chronicle in 2012, collaborator Joshua Redman said that \"We talk a lot about how music expresses universal values, experiences and feelings.", "But you don't often witness that so clearly and so profoundly as you do with Bobby.", "His music expresses the joy of living.", "He connects to the source of what music is about.\"", "In an April 2013 profile for Down Beat magazine, Dan Ouellette wrote that \"Hutcherson took the vibes to a new level of jazz sophistication with his harmonic inventions and his blurring-fast, four-mallet runs... Today, he's the standard bearer of the instrument and has a plenitude of emulators to prove it.\"", "Ouellette quoted Joey DeFrancesco as saying \"Bobby is the greatest vibes player of all time.... Milt Jackson was the guy, but Bobby took it to the next level.", "It's like Milt was Charlie Parker, and Bobby was John Coltrane.\"", "Discography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nComplete discography, news and reviews\n\n1941 births\n2016 deaths\nHard bop vibraphonists\nMainstream jazz vibraphonists\nFree jazz vibraphonists\nPost-bop vibraphonists\nAmerican jazz vibraphonists\nMusicians from Los Angeles\nMarimbists\nAmerican jazz composers\nTimeless Records artists\nAtlantic Records artists\nLandmark Records artists\nColumbia Records artists\nVerve Records artists\nBlue Note Records artists\nJazz musicians from California\nAmerican taxi drivers\nAfrican-American Catholics\nSFJAZZ Collective members" ]

[ "Robert Hutcherson was an American jazz musician.", "One of his best-known compositions is \"Little B's Poem\", from the 1966 Blue Note album Components.", "Steve Nelson, Joe Locke, and Stefon Harris were influenced by Hutcherson.", "Bobby Hutcherson was born in Los Angeles, California, to Eli, a master mason, and Esther, a hairdresser.", "Hutcherson's brother Teddy and his friend Dexter Gordon listened to jazz records.", "His older sister was a singer.", "Hutcherson recorded a number of Gerald Wilson's Pacific Jazz recordings as well as playing in his orchestra.", "Hutcherson was introduced to Billy Mitchell by his sister.", "At the age of 12 Hutcherson was inspired to play the vibraphone after listening to the Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 2 album.", "Hutcherson's professional career began in the late 1950s when he was still in his teens, working with some of the biggest names in jazz.", "He made his recording debut on August 3, 1960, cutting two songs for a 7-inch single with the Les McCann trio for Pacific Jazz.", "Hutcherson joined the Billy Mitchell–Al Grey group at The Jazz Workshop in San Francisco and Birdland in New York City.", "After touring with the Mitchell–Grey group for a year, Hutcherson settled in New York City where he worked part-time as a taxi driver.", "Lewis hosted jam sessions at his apartment.", "Hutcherson's first recording was made for Blue Note Records on April 30, 1963, after Jazztet andJackie McLean band member Grachan Moncur III heard Hutcherson play at one of Lewis' events.", "After this, Blue Note had sessions with Moncur, Gordon, Andrew Hill, Tony Williams, Duke Pearson and Lee Morgan.", "Hutcherson's first session for Blue Note as leader, The Kicker, demonstrated his background in hard bop and the blues, despite the numerous post-bop, avant-garde, and free jazz recordings made during this period.", "Hutcherson's Dialogue was released by Blue Note in 1965, two years after he won the \"Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition\" award.", "Hutcherson made a number of recorded sessions with Tyner throughout his career, the first of which was the 1966 record Stick-Up!, featuring Joe Henderson, Lewis, and Billy Higgins.", "Stick-Up!", "The only album Hutcherson recorded as leader for Blue Note between 1965 and 1969 did not feature drummer Joe Chambers or any of Chambers' compositions.", "Hutcherson had one of the longest recording careers in Blue Note's history.", "After he and Joe Chambers were arrested for marijuana possession in Central Park, Hutcherson moved back to California, but continued to record for Blue Note.", "Hutcherson recorded seven albums for Blue Note with Harold Land, featuring a rotating lineup of pianists such as Chick Corea, Stanley Cowell, and Joe Sample, and usually Chambers on drums.", "Hutcherson won the title of \"world's best vibist\" in the International Jazz Critics Poll in 1971, after the Hutcherson-Land group broke up.", "Hutcherson recorded three albums for Columbia Records in the late 1970s.", "Land and Hutcherson formed a sextet called the \"Timeless All Stars\" in the early 1980s and recorded four albums for a Dutch label.", "Hutcherson recorded eight albums for Landmark Records from the 1980s into the 1990s, and continued to work as a sideman during this time.", "He released albums for Atlantic and Verve in the 1990s, three for the Swiss-based label Kind of Blue in the 21st century, and continued to tour.", "Hutcherson became an inaugural member of the SFJAZZ Collective in 2004.", "He made an appearance at the SFJAZZ Center's grand opening after touring with them for four years.", "He had a quartet in 2007, with Renee Rosnes on piano, Dwayne Burno on bass and Al Foster on drums.", "His quartet in 2008 had Glenn Richman on bass and Eddie Marshall on drums.", "He received a lifetime jazz master fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in 2010 and performed in a jazz quintet.", "Enjoy the View was recorded at Ocean Way Studios in Hollywood with Billy Hart, David Sanborn, and Joey DeFrancesco.", "Four sold-out shows were performed at the SFJAZZ Center in February before the album's release.", "Hutcherson's intermittent acting career included an appearance as the bandleader in They Shoot Horses, Don't They?", "In Round Midnight, I was as Ace.", "Hutcherson has a son from his first marriage.", "Hutcherson wrote a poem for Barry.", "Hutcherson was able to build a house in Montara, California, due to the success of the album San Francisco, one of his few entries in the jazz fusion style.", "Rosemary Zuniga was a ticket taker at the Both/And club in San Francisco.", "Teddy is a production manager for SFJAZZ.", "Hutcherson converted to Catholicism after attending an African Methodist Episcopal Church.", "Hutcherson had suffered from emphysema since 2007.", "He died on August 15, 2016 in Montara, California.", "Hutcherson's free-ringing, open chords and advanced solo were an important part of Out to Lunch!", "Hutcherson was declared one of jazz's greatest vibraphonists.", "Hutcherson, along with Gary Burton, the other seminal vibraphone talent of the '60s, helped modernize his instrument by changing what could be done with it.", "He became one of the defining voices in the so-called \"new thing\" portion of Blue Note's glorious '60s roster.", "None of the vibists have been able to combine the rhythmic dexterity, emotive attack and versatile musical interests that Hutcherson has.", "Hutcherson was a part of the new jazz developments of the 1960's.", "Several of the key sessions that document these developments were contributed to by him.", "Interviewed by Jesse Hamlin for a piece on Hutcherson in the San Francisco Chronicle, Joshua Redman said that they talk a lot about how music expresses universal values.", "You see that so clearly and profoundly with Bobby.", "The joy of living is expressed in his music.", "He connects to what music is about.", "\"Hutcherson took the vibes to a new level of jazz sophistication with his harmonic inventions and his blurring-fast, four-mallet runs... Today, he's the standard bearer of the instrument.\"", "Bobby is the greatest vibes player of all time, according to Joey DeFrancesco.", "It's like Bobby was John Coltrane.", "Discography links include news and reviews of births and deaths of jazz musicians." ]

[ "Robert Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Bobby Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Bobby", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Bobby", "Hutcherson", "Bobby", "Bobby", "Bobby" ]

[ "Robert Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Bobby Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "HutchersonJackie", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Hutcherson", "Bobby", "Hutcherson", "Bobby", "Bobby" ]

[ "is a Japanese professional baseball player for the Chiba Lotte Marines of the Nippon Professional Baseball(NPB).", "He previously played with the Hanshin Tigers.", "Toritani was one of the most highly coveted position players in years as a senior for Waseda University in 2003.", "He holds the current NPB record for most consecutive games played without missing an inning as a shortstop, and appeared in every Tigers game for over 13 years from 2005 to May 27, 2018 (1,939 regular season games).", "Captain of the club since the start of the 2013 season.", "Early life and high school career\nToritani was born in Higashimurayama, Tokyo, the eldest of three brothers.", "He played for the Higashimurayama Junior Mets, Ozakudai Little League Club in his elementary school days in Higashimurayama and Hamura, and Mizuho Senior in his junior high school days in Hamura.", "He played both shortstop and pitcher at Seibō Gakuen Senior High School in Saitama.", "He played in the 81st National High School Baseball Championship in 1999, coming on in relief in Seibō Gakuen's first game against Hita-Rinkō High School (the Ōita champions) and clocking , but his team lost 5–3.", "College career\nToritani went on to enroll at Waseda University as a human sciences major.", "There, he was surrounded by an impressive collection of talent: his year included then-right fielder Norichika Aoki (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), third baseman Toshimitsu Higa (Hiroshima Carp) and center fielder Shintaro Yoshida (Orix Buffaloes), all three of whom would later go on to the pros.", "Left-hander Tsuyoshi Wada (Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks) was in the year above him, and second baseman Hiroyasu Tanaka (BayStars) and first baseman Shinichi Takeuchi (Swallows) would join the team one and two years later, respectively.", "In the spring of 2001, then-sophomore Toritani led the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League in all three Triple Crown categories (batting average, home runs, runs batted in), tying current Saitama Seibu Lions third baseman Taketoshi Gotoh as the fastest player (by academic year) to win Triple Crown honors in the history of the league.", "Toritani drew 19 combined walks and hit-batters in the spring 2003 season as a senior, a Tokyo Big6 record (later broken by then-Rikkyo University outfielder Yuichi Tabata in 2004).", "He won his second batting title that fall.", "He won five Tokyo Big6 Best Nine awards during his eight seasons (spring and fall) at Waseda, playing in 96 games and hitting .333 with 11 home runs and 71 RBI for his college career and leading Waseda to a record four consecutive league titles along with the likes of Aoki, Higa and Yoshida.", "He was one of the most highly touted position players in recent years in the months preceding the and was said to be a complete five-tool player.", "The Hanshin Tigers signed him as a pre-draft pick in early November.", "Professional career\n\nHanshin Tigers\nIn 2004, amid much hype from both fans and members of the media, Toritani was named the Tigers' starting shortstop and No.", "7 hitter in the Tigers' season opener as a rookie despite the presence of 26-year-old Atsushi Fujimoto, who had hit .301 at the same position the year before.", "He got the first base hit of his career off left-hander Yukinaga Maeda in the eighth inning of the opener against the Yomiuri Giants on April 2.", "However, struggling to make contact with the ball on a consistent basis, Toritani was replaced by Fujimoto in the sixth game of the season and saw most of his playing time at third base until Fujimoto left the team to play for Japan in the 2004 Athens Olympics, hitting his first career home run off then-Yokohama BayStars right-hander Kazumasa Azuma on May 27 and recording his first career stolen base against the BayStars on July 19.", "As luck would have it, Fujimoto struggled with his hitting upon rejoining the Tigers after the Olympic Games, and Toritani got most of the starts at shortstop for the remainder of the season.", "He hit just .251 with three home runs and 17 RBI in 235 at-bats, slugging a mere .345 in a disappointing rookie campaign.", "In 2005, Fujimoto was permanently moved to second base, and he and Toritani manned the Tigers' middle infield to begin the season.", "Toritani became the team's No.", "2 hitter after Fujimoto and Kentaro Sekimoto, who had platooned in the 2-hole, struggled with their hitting.", "He played in all 146 games, hitting .278 with nine home runs and 52 RBI and even hitting two walk-off home runs in contributing to the Tigers' league championship.", "It was reported that he had married his high school sweetheart, who had been a year older than he was and the baseball team's team manager, on December 20 during the off-season.", "Toritani continued to make strides offensively, hitting .289 with 15 home runs and 58 RBI for the season in 2006.", "During one stretch from June 1 to 3, he hit a two-run home run to give his team the lead in the first game against the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles, a solo home run and an RBI double against Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks ace Kazumi Saito in the second, and a walk-off hit against Hawks right-hander Yoshiaki Fujioka in the third.", "He struggled on the defensive end, however, leading all of Japanese professional baseball with 21 errors.", "His wife gave birth to their first child (a boy) in September.", "Toritani replaced center fielder Norihiro Akahoshi as the team's leadoff hitter in 2007, but struggled with this new role, hitting .273 with 10 home runs and seeing declines in almost every offensive category.", "Despite this, he established a new NPB record for consecutive games played without missing an inning with 340 on July 24 in a game against the Chunichi Dragons.", "He extended this record to 398, but was taken out of the game early on September 29 to heal an injury he had suffered when hit by a pitch several days earlier.", "Toritani also made headlines when a Japanese tabloid reported that he had invited three women over to his hotel room while the team was staying in Tokyo during one away game stretch in September.", "The Tigers organization issued him a warning for his actions.", "In 2008, Toritani became the Tigers' No.", "6 hitter, hitting over .300 for most of the year and even seeing time at the 3- and 5-hole (along with Sekimoto) while slugger Takahiro Arai was recovering from an injury.", "He returned to the No.", "6 spot after Makoto Imaoka was promoted to the ichigun (Japanese equivalent of \"major league\") level.", "Toritani was one of only three players in either of the Japanese leagues (along with teammate and left fielder Tomoaki Kanemoto and Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters second baseman Kensuke Tanaka) to play all 144 games without missing an inning.", "He finished the year with a .281 batting average, 13 home runs and a career-high 80 RBI, winning his first Best Nine Award.", "His wife gave birth to their second child on September 13.", "For 2009, Toritani was named the Tigers' No.", "3 hitter by newly appointed manager Akinobu Mayumi, hitting .333 with three home runs and 14 RBI and scoring a league-leading 20 runs in front of cleanup hitter Kanemoto (who himself hit .379 with eight homers and 30 RBI) in the month of April.", "In 2014, Toritani informed Tigers' management of his wish to exercise his free agent right to transfer to Major League Baseball(MLB), but eventually re-signed with the Tigers.", "On December 2, 2019, he become free agent.", "Chiba Lotte Marines\nOn March 10, 2020, Toritani signed with the Chiba Lotte Marines of the NPB.", "Playing style\n\nHitting\nToritani is a left-handed spray hitter listed at 5 ft 11 in and 170 lb.", "He stands upright in the batter's box, employing an exaggerated open stance with his hands held shoulder-high away from his body.", "Toritani has gap power and can hit fairly evenly to all fields; though the majority of his extra-base hits were to the opposite field earlier in his career, he has gradually shown an ability to pull the ball for extra bases as well.", "He is a fast runner (his six triples in 2008 were the third-most in the league) and rarely makes mistakes on the basepaths, but is generally passive and does not look to steal unless given the sign to do so.", "Fielding\nToritani has good range on the defensive end (he set a single-season Central League record for assists as a shortstop with 490 in 2006) and one of the strongest throwing arms of any NPB player at his position, routinely making plays from deep in the 5-6 hole (the area between third and short).", "However, he is somewhat error-prone, particularly on the throwing end of plays.", "His 15 errors in the 2008 season tied for most among Central League shortstops (Yomiuri Giants shortstop Hayato Sakamoto also committed 15).", "Career statistics\n\nBold indicates league leader; statistics current as of 2019\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n NPB.com\nJapanese stats and info of Takashi Toritani\n\n1981 births\nLiving people\nBaseball people from Tokyo\nHanshin Tigers players\nChiba Lotte Marines players\nJapanese baseball players\nNippon Professional Baseball shortstops\nPeople from Higashimurayama, Tokyo\nWaseda University alumni\n2013 World Baseball Classic players" ]

[ "He is a professional baseball player in Japan.", "He played for the Hanshin Tigers.", "As a senior at Waseda University, Toritani was one of the most coveted position players.", "He played in every game of the regular season for the Tigers for over 13 years, and holds the NPB record for most consecutive games played without missing an out.", "The club's captain since the start of the season.", "The eldest of three brothers, Toritani was born in Higashimurayama, Tokyo.", "He played for the Higashimurayama Junior Mets, Ozakudai Little League Club, and his junior high school days in Hamura.", "He played both baseball and softball in high school.", "He played in the 81st National High School Baseball Championship in 1999, but his team lost in the first game against Hita-Rink High School.", "At Waseda University, Toritani majored in human sciences.", "There, he was surrounded by an impressive collection of talent: his year included then-right fielder Norichika Aoki (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), third baseman Toshi Higa (Hiroshima Carp) and center fielder Shintaro Yoshida (Orix Buffaloes).", "Tsuyoshi Wada, second baseman Hiroyasu Tanaka, and first baseman Shinichi Takeuchi joined the team one and two years later.", "In the spring of 2001, then-sophomore Toritani led the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League in all three Triple Crown categories (batting average, home runs, runs batted in), tying current Saitama Seibu Lions third baseman Taketoshi Gotoh as the fastest player by academic year", "The Tokyo Big6 record of 19 combined walks and hit-batsters was broken by Yuichi Tabata in 2004.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "He was one of the most promising position players in recent years and was said to be a complete five-tool player.", "He was a pre-draft pick by the Hanshin Tigers.", "In 2004, after much hype from both fans and members of the media, Toritani was named the starting shortstop for the Tigers.", "Despite the presence of Atsushi Fujimoto, who had hit.301 at the same position the year before, 7 rookies hit in the opener.", "He got the first base hit of his career in the eighth of the opener against the Giants.", "However, struggling to make contact with the ball on a consistent basis, Toritani was replaced by Fujimoto in the sixth game of the season and saw most of his playing time at third base until Fujimoto left the team to play for Japan in the 2004 Athens Olympics, hitting his first career", "After rejoining the Tigers after the Olympics, Fujimoto struggled with his hitting, and Toritani got most of the starts at shortstop for the rest of the season.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "In 2005, Fujimoto was moved to second base and the two of them manned the middle infield.", "1 on the team.", "Two hitters after Fujimoto and Kentaro Sekimoto, who had platooned in the 2-hole, struggled with their hitting.", "He played in all 146 games, hitting.279 with nine home runs and 52RBI, and even hitting two walk-off home runs.", "He married his high school sweetheart, who was a year older than him, on December 20 during the off-season.", "In 2006 he hit.289 with 15 home runs and 58 runs, and he was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "He hit a two-run home run in the first game against the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles, a solo home run in the second game against the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, and a walk in the third game.", "He was the leader in all of Japanese professional baseball with 21 errors.", "His wife gave birth to a boy in September.", "In 2007, as the team's leadoff hitter, Toritani hit.273 with 10 home runs and saw declines in almost every offensive category, but struggled with this new role, hitting.273 with 10 home runs and seeing declines in almost every offensive category.", "He set a new NPB record for consecutive games played without missing an outing with 340 in a game against the Chunichi Dragons on July 24.", "He was taken out of the game early on September 29 due to an injury he sustained when hit by a pitch a few days earlier.", "When the team was in Tokyo for a game in September, a Japanese tabloid reported that they had invited three women over to his hotel room.", "He was warned by the organization for his actions.", "The Tiger's No. in 2008 was Toritani.", "6 hitter, hitting over.300 for most of the year, and even seeing time at the 3- and 5-hole, while Takahiro Arai was recovering from an injury.", "He went back to the No.", "Imaoka was promoted to the ichigun, the equivalent of a major league level.", "Outfielder Tomoaki Kanemoto and Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters second baseman Kensuke Tanaka were the only other players in the Japanese leagues to play all of their games.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "His wife gave birth to their second child.", "The Tigers named Toritani their No. for 2009.", "3 hitter by newly appointed manager Akinobu Mayumi, hitting.333 with three home runs and 14 RBI and scoring a league-leading 20 runs in front of Kanemoto, who himself hit.380 with eight homers and 30 RBI in the month of April.", "After telling the management of the Tigers that he wanted to transfer to Major League Baseball, he re-signed with the team.", "He became a free agent on December 2, 2019.", "On March 10, 2020, Toritani signed with the Marines of the NPB.", "The left-handed spray hitter is listed at 5 ft 11 in and 170 lbs.", "He stands upright in the batter's box, with his hands held high away from his body.", "Though most of his extra-base hits were to the opposite field earlier in his career, he has gradually shown an ability to pull the ball for extra bases as well.", "His six triples in 2008 were the third-most in the league, he is a fast runner and rarely makes mistakes on the basepaths, but he does not look to steal unless given the sign to do so.", "One of the strongest throwing arms of any NPB player at his position, and one of the best defensive infielders in the Central League, has a good range on the defensive end.", "He is prone to error on the throwing end of plays.", "He committed 15 errors in the 2008 season, tied for the most in the Central League.", "The career statistics indicate the league leader as of the current year." ]

[ "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Fielding Toritani" ]

[ "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani", "Toritani" ]

[ "Thomas Goode Jones (November 26, 1844 – April 28, 1914) was an Alabama lawyer and politician and military officer.", "He served in the Alabama legislature and as Governor of Alabama.", "He later became United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.", "Family and early life\nBorn on November 26, 1844, in Vineville (now Macon, Georgia) to Martha Goode (1821–1861) and her husband, railroad builder Samuel Jones (1815–1886), who had moved to Georgia in 1839 to become an assistant engineer on the Monroe Railroad, which soon declared bankruptcy.", "Despite financial problems around the time of Thomas's birth, Samuel Goode would become engineer on various other railroads in Alabama and Florida, one of Alabama's early industrialists, and briefly an Alabama legislator representing Lee County, Alabama.", "He also remarried during the Civil War to Aurora Serena Elmore, who was descended from Representative Joseph Brevard of South Carolina and would bear seven boys (Thomas's step-brothers) during their marriage.", "Shortly before the war began, Samuel Jones completed the Alabama and Florida Railroad, which supplied the Confederate Navy Yard in Pennsacola.", "He also helped establish the Chewacla Lime Works, the Montgomery and Talladega Sulphur Mines, and the Muscogee Lumber Company and completed a railroad line connecting Montgomery and Selma, Alabama, shortly before the Civil War ended, and then the Savannah and Memphis Railroad.", "The Goodes, even more than the Jones family, were among the First Families of Virginia.", "John Goode had arrived in Virginia via Barbados before 1661, and established a tobacco plantation in Henrico County.", "His descendant Samuel Goode, of Chesterfield County, served as a lieutenant during the American Revolutionary War and as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the US House of Representatives.", "His son Thomas Goode (1787–1858), Martha's father, helped establish the Homestead European-style spa in Wythe County, Virginia.", "The Jones traced their descent from Captain Roger Jones, who commanded a British naval vessel in Chesapeake Bay in 1680 and whose youngest son, Thomas, settled near Fortress Monroe in what became Brunswick County, Virginia.", "Thomas's descendant John Jones represented Brunswick County in the Virginia House of Burgesses and became a captain in a Virginia regiment during the American Revolutionary War.", "His son Dr. Thomas Williamson Jones (1788–1824) graduated from the University of North Carolina before he married Mary Armistead Goode, and their eldest son, Samuel Goode Jones, studied at Williams College in Massachusetts and at Newark College (now the University of Delaware) before he married Martha Goode.", "In 1849, Samuel Jones moved his young family to Montgomery, Alabama, while he was the engineer for the Montgomery and West Point Railroad.", "Thomas had a sister, Mary, who had been born in Atlanta in 1847 and would have five more siblings who survived infancy before the Civil War began and seven half-brothers from his father's second marriage.", "In any event, he was not educated at home but was instead sent to Charlottesville, Virginia, to study at a preparatory academy run by Charles Minor and Gessner Harrison.", "In the summer of 1860, he began to attend the Virginia Military Institute, and fellow cadets elected him as sergeant.", "During the Civil War, in winter quarters in Petersburg, Virginia, Jones had begun studying William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England.", "After the war, he failed as a planter.", "He clerked for the Alabama and Florida Railroad, and thanks to his father, Jones read law with John A. Elmore and then in a night class with Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Abram J. Walker.", "Military career\n\nSouth Carolina seceded from the Union before the end of Jones's first semester.", "On May 1, 1861, after Virginia's secession vote, about 200 cadets (including Jones) joined Professor and Major General Stonewall Jackson in fighting for the Confederacy.", "Jones later recalled that his first duty was burying the dead after the Battle of McDowell.", "The cadets marched with Jackson's men until May 16, 1861, when the school summoned them back and later awarded them honorary degrees.", "Meanwhile, Jones returned to Montgomery and enlisted as a private in the Partisan Rangers, Company K of the 53rd Alabama Regiment, but he was soon promoted to sergeant.", "The unit fought at the Battle of Thompson's Station, in Tennessee, and Jones received a lieutenant's commission after he had led the unit despite his own battle wound; both the company's captain and lieutenant had been wounded and abandoned the field.", "Jones was appointed aide de camp to General John Brown Gordon and accompanied the Army of Northern Virginia during the Gettysburg Campaign, including as a messenger when Gordon requested permission to attack Cemetery Ridge but was denied during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "Jones also fought in the Siege of Petersburg, the Battle of the Wilderness, and the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.", "Jones also fought with Gordon during Jubal Early's campaign that reached the outskirts of Washington DC and at the defeats during the Third Battle of Winchester and the Battle of Cedar Creek in late 1864.", "During the Battle of Cedar Creek, both sides respected Jones's courage for rescuing a girl caught in the crossfire between armies.", "He also received praise for rescuing a wounded Ohio soldier.", "Thus, Jones fought in the Confederate States Army from 1862 to 1865, rising to the rank of major.", "On April 9, 1865, he physically carried the truce flag on his sword while under fire delivering Lee's surrender, and he witnessed the final ceremony at Appomattox Court House.", "Postwar career and politics\nReturning from the Civil War, Goode would claim an inheritance from his mother and purchased 750 acres in southern Montgomery County, Alabama in 1865, but he failed as a farmer and moved in with his mother-in-law in Montgomery by 1869.", "Crushing debts, low cotton prices, and Black Friday would cause him to lose the farm in 1870.", "Meanwhile, Jones became editor of the Montgomery Daily Picayune and also read law in 1868, which helped his transition to his later career.", "Admitted to the Alabama bar in 1868, Jones began a private legal practice in Montgomery.", "Until November 1868, Jones worked with Judge Walker's brother, Hal Walker, both as a lawyer and as editor.", "The Daily Picayune allied with the Democratic Party, decried \"Negro rule,\" and proposed racial segregation although, unlike more radical newspapers, it also advocated educating black children.", "Jones also became children in the local Democratic Party, initially opposing groups allegedly trying to prevent counting of votes for Democrat Robert B. Lindsay for governor although others would characterize such efforts as intimidating black voters.", "Democrats ended Republican rule in Alabama in 1874, after an election in which Jones led about 100 armed Democrats, who patrolled Montgomery on Election Day.", "Jones' appointment as the reporter of decisions for the Supreme Court of Alabama by Chief Justice Elisha Peck also helped sustain his legal practice from 1870 to 1880.", "By 1874, Jones joined a law firm with former Alabama Chief Justice Samuel F. Rice, despite Rice's alliance with the Republican Party during Reconstruction although he later resigned during a depot dispute between the Montgomery and Rice's client, the South and North Alabama Railroad.", "The Louisville and Nashville Railroad later became one of Jones' major clients, as were the Capitol City Water Works Company, Western Union Telegraph Company, Southern Express Company, and the Standard Oil Company.", "By 1898, Jones partnered with his half brother Charles Pollard Jones.", "Jones also wrote one of the earliest codes of legal ethics in 1887, adopted by the Alabama Bar Association and incorporated into the American Bar Association Code of Professional Ethics in 1907.", "After the war, Jones helped organize the Alabama National Guard although his initial efforts to reorganize the Montgomery True Blues as the Governor's Guards ended up being disbanded by federal authorities in 1868.", "Jones often spoke for reconciliation between North and South, first at a Memorial Day address in 1874 that became widely republished nationwide, and newly elected Governor George S. Houston named Jones his aide-de-camp for military affairs by year's end.", "In 1877, the Grand Army of the Republic presented Jones with a gold medal for his peace efforts, and he also spoke at Jefferson Davis's last visit to Montgomery in 1886 as well as gave Memorial Day addresses in Atlanta in 1887 and at the tomb of Ulysses Grant in New York City in 1902.", "In 1874, the Governor's Guards had offered their services to Governor Houston, and in 1881, they were officially organized as Alabama state troops.", "In 1876, Jones resigned his position as aide de camp and became a captain of the Montgomery Greys.", "Four years later the Second Regiment elected Jones as their commander, and he oversaw their use, including to save a black man from lynching during the Posey Riot of December 1883 and a white man in Birmingham in December 1888.", "Jones ultimately sought political office as a Democrat.", "First he served on the Montgomery City Council, representing Ward 4 from 1874 to 1884, when he won election as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives where he served from 1884 to 1888, when he declined to seek re-election.", "During his second term, he became its speaker (1886 to 1888) and advocated funding the state militia and creating the state capital complex to house state government records.", "To the surprise of some, given his railroad clientele, Jones also cast a tie-breaking vote making railroads liable for work-related injuries and opposed Governor Edward A. O'Neal's efforts to control the Alabama Railroad Commission.", "Instead of running for re-election to the legislature, Jones returned to private practice to raise funds to campaign for governor, which was successful.", "He defeated the farmer Reuben Kolb and several others in the Democratic convention after several ballots and Republican candidate Benjamin M. Long handily in the general election.", "Jones served as the Governor of Alabama from 1890 to 1894.", "In his first two-year term as governor, Jones proposed a constitutional amendment to allow long legislative sessions as well as to allow local communities to levy taxes to finance education and internal improvements.", "He also opposed contrivances to disenfranchise blacks such as educational and property requirements, and he denounced proposals to limit tax revenues from white taxpayers for white schools as unconstitutional.", "Although by no means a racial egalitarian, Jones also opposed Alabama's convict leasing system despite propaganda that it helped establish white supremacy as well as a frugal state government Ironically, Jones both assumed office during a strike by coal miners who opposed unfair competition from leased convicts, which he initially resolved with the United Mine Workers by appointing a health and safety commissioner, and ended his second term dealing with a strike by Birmingham miners against the Tennessee Coal Iron and Railroad Company in which he called out state troops after hiring of black scabs provoked violence; the strike was widened by Eugene V. Debs to join the Pullman Strike.", "Despite Seay's boasts after cutting state taxes, the state was also nearly bankrupt, and the legislature, during his second term, refused to increase corporate taxes, as Jones had suggested.", "Politics proved tumultuous, and Jones's attempts at replacing his former political rival Reuben Kolb as agricultural commissioner in his first term nearly proved pyrrhic.", "The Alabama Supreme Court approved the governor's new agricultural commissioner appointee when Kolb refused to vacate at the end of his term, and Kolb ran as an independent for governor in the next general election and narrowly lost to Jones, just like in the Democratic primary, which Kolb attributed to Jones's over-representation in the state's Black Belt.", "Jones would continue to dispute Kolb's contention that the 1892 election had been stolen until his death, and both Alabama House Speaker Frank L. Pettus and Senate President John C Compton were also from the Black Belt and ignored Kolb's request for investigations.", "Ironically, given his overt white supremist language, Kolb's attempts to link his Farmers' Alliance with the Populist candidate for President, former Union General James B. Weaver, may also have doomed his candidacy, many Alabamians refusing to support either the Republican presidential candidate, Benjamin Harrison nor the Union general, Weaver.", "Two weeks after Jones announced that state troops would remain in Birmingham until the miners strike ended, on August 8, 1894, Kolb again lost his bid to become Alabama's governor, this time to Democrat William Calvin Oates, who, unlike Jones, supported the convict leasing system.", "Expenses incurred during his gubernatorial term would haunt Jones for the rest of his life.", "Jones's life insurance went to pay off the mortgage that had been incurred during his governorship.", "Thus, he did not challenge John Tyler Morgan for the US Senate seat but remained politically active in supporting US President Grover Cleveland.", "Jones became a Gold Democrat rather than supporting William Jennings Bryan, despite continued criticism from Kolb.", "However, the Gold Democrats got only 6,453 votes in Alabama, compared to Bryan's 107,137, and so Jones's political capital in the state also seemed to be finished.", "Jones rehabilitated his political fortunes in 1897 by remaining in Montgomery, despite a yellow fever epidemic in the coastal South, his policies being fumigation, prompt burials, and a quarantine supported by armed guards.", "The 11 people who died in Montgomery were part at least 71 in the whole state.", "Federal judicial service\nJones received a recess appointment from President Theodore Roosevelt on October 7, 1901, to a joint seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama vacated by Judge John Bruce.", "He was nominated to the same position by President Roosevelt on December 5, 1901.", "He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 17, 1901, and received his commission the same day.", "His service terminated on April 28, 1914 because of his death in Montgomery.", "Jones was considered a moderate during his time on the bench.", "He opposed labor unions but supported the 14th Amendment and was a friend of black leader Booker T. Washington, to whom Jones owed his appointment as a federal judge.", "Roosevelt, also friend of Washington, asked him to name a Southern Democrat who he thought would qualify as a federal judge.", "Washington endorsed Jones for that position.", "During his tenure, Judge Jones heard civil rights cases and took stands against lynching and refused to allow the state's convict lease system to become de facto slavery.", "Those stands became unpopular in the white community for holding that federal law permitted protection of black people.", "Death and legacy\nHis health deteriorated during the seven years while he oversaw a case in which railroads contested new rates set by the Alabama legislature.", "It was twice addressed by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, and had certiorari denied by the United States Supreme Court.", "In the winter of 1912–13, Jones contracted pneumonia and recovered in Florida.", "Although he returned to his duties in Alabama by November 1913, he again soon took a leave of absence for reasons of health.", "He had been bedridden for weeks before he lost consciousness on April 26, 1914, and died two days later.", "Hundreds attended his funeral in Oakwood Cemetery, including many African Americans.", "References\n\nSources\n \n \n Edmund Morris, Theodore Rex, Random House, 2002, location 21341, Kindle Edition\n\n1844 births\n1914 deaths\nPeople from Macon, Georgia\nPoliticians from Montgomery, Alabama\nGovernors of Alabama\nAlabama Democrats\nMontgomery, Alabama City Council members\nMembers of the Alabama House of Representatives\nJudges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama\nJudges of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama\nUnited States district court judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt\n20th-century American judges\nVirginia Military Institute alumni\n19th-century American politicians\nLawyers from Montgomery, Alabama\nMilitary personnel from Montgomery, Alabama\nPeople of Alabama in the American Civil War\nEditors of Alabama newspapers\n19th-century American judges" ]

[ "Jones was an Alabama lawyer, politician and military officer.", "He was the Governor of Alabama.", "He became a judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.", "After moving to Georgia in 1839 to become an assistant engineer on the Monroe Railroad, Martha and Samuel Jones had a family and an early life.", "One of Alabama's early industrialists, Samuel Goode, became an engineer on various railroads in Alabama and Florida despite financial problems around the time of Thomas's birth.", "During the Civil War, he married Aurora Serena Elmore, who was descended from a South Carolina Representative, and they had seven boys.", "The Confederate Navy Yard was supplied by the Alabama and Florida Railroad by Samuel Jones.", "He helped establish the Chewacla Lime Works, the Montgomery and Talladega Sulphur Mines, and the Muscogee Lumber Company, as well as completing a railroad line connecting Montgomery and Selma, Alabama, before the Civil War ended.", "The Goodes and the Jones family were both part of the First Families of Virginia.", "John Goode established a tobacco plantation in Henrico County after arriving in Virginia.", "He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the US House of Representatives, as well as a lieutenant in the American Revolutionary War.", "The homestead European-style spa was established by Martha's father, Thomas Goode.", "The Jones traced their ancestry back to Captain Roger Jones, who commanded a British naval vessel in the bay in 1680 and whose youngest son, Thomas, settled near Fortress Monroe in Virginia.", "John Jones, Thomas's descendant, was a captain in a Virginia infantry during the American Revolutionary War.", "His son, Dr. Thomas Jones, graduated from the University of North Carolina before he married Mary Armistead, and his son, Samuel Jones, studied at Williams College in Massachusetts and Newark College before he married Martha.", "Samuel Jones moved his family to Montgomery, Alabama, in 1849, while he was the engineer for the Montgomery and West Point Railroad.", "Mary, Thomas' sister, was born in Atlanta in 1847 and would have five more siblings who survived infancy before the Civil War began and seven half-brothers from his father's second marriage.", "He was sent to Virginia to study at the academy run by Charles Minor and Gessner Harrison, even though he wasn't educated at home.", "He became a sergeant in the Virginia Military Institute in the summer of 1860.", "During the Civil War, Jones was studying the Commentaries on the Laws of England.", "He failed as a planter after the war.", "He clerked for the Alabama and Florida Railroad and then took a night class with the Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court.", "South Carolina left the Union at the end of Jones's first semester.", "On May 1, 1861, after Virginia's secession vote, about 200 cadets, including Jones, joined Professor and Major General Stonewall Jackson in fighting for the Confederacy.", "Jones remembered burying the dead after the Battle of McDowell.", "The school summoned the cadets back and gave them degrees after they marched with Jackson's men.", "Jones was promoted to sergeant after he enlisted as a private in the Partisan Rangers.", "The company's captain and lieutenant had been wounded and abandoned the field at the Battle of Thompson's Station, but Jones received a lieutenant's commission after he led the unit despite his own battle wound.", "When General John Brown Gordon requested permission to attack Cemetery Ridge but was denied during the Battle of Gettysburg, Jones was appointed aide de camp and accompanied the Army of Northern Virginia.", "The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House was fought by Jones.", "Gordon and Jones fought together during the campaign that reached the outskirts of Washington DC and at the defeats during the Third Battle of Winchester and the Battle of Cedar Creek.", "Both sides respected Jones's courage for saving the girl during the Battle of Cedar Creek.", "He was praised for saving a wounded Ohio soldier.", "Jones rose to the rank of major in the Confederate States Army.", "He witnessed the final ceremony at Appomattox Court House after carrying the truce flag on his sword while under fire.", "He failed as a farmer and moved in with his mother-in-law in Montgomery after he claimed an inheritance from his mother in 1865.", "He lost the farm in 1870 because of crushing debts, low cotton prices, and Black Friday.", "Jones transitioned to his later career after becoming editor of the Montgomery Daily Picayune and reading law in 1868.", "Jones was admitted to the Alabama bar in 1868.", "Jones was an editor and a lawyer for Hal Walker, the brother of Judge Walker.", "The Daily Picayune supported the Democratic Party and advocated segregating black children.", "Jones became a child of the local Democratic Party after opposing groups trying to prevent the counting of votes for Robert B. Lindsay for governor.", "Democrats ended Republican rule in Alabama in 1874 after an election in which Jones led about 100 armed Democrats.", "The appointment of Jones as the reporter of decisions for the Supreme Court of Alabama helped sustain his legal practice from 1870 to 1880.", "Despite Rice's alliance with the Republican Party during Reconstruction, Jones joined a law firm with the former Alabama Chief Justice.", "Jones' major clients were the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, Capitol City Water Works Company, Western Union Telegraph Company, Southern Express Company, and the Standard Oil Company.", "Charles Pollard Jones was Jones' half brother.", "The American Bar Association Code of Professional Ethics was written by Jones in 1907, one of the earliest codes of legal ethics.", "After the war, Jones helped organize the Alabama National Guard, although his initial efforts to reorganize the Montgomery True Blues as the Governor's Guards ended up being dismantled by federal authorities in 1868.", "Governor George S. Houston named Jones his aide-de-camp for military affairs by the end of the year, after Jones spoke for reconciliation between North and South at a Memorial Day address in 1874.", "In 1877, the Grand Army of the Republic presented Jones with a gold medal for his peace efforts, and he also spoke at Jefferson Davis's last visit to Montgomery in 1886 as well as gave Memorial Day addresses in Atlanta and New York City.", "In 1874, the Governor's Guards offered their services to Governor Houston, who then organized them as Alabama state troops.", "Jones became a captain of the Montgomery Greys after quitting his position as aide de camp.", "After four years, the Second Regiment elected Jones as their commander, and he oversaw their use, including to save a black man from lynching in December of 1884 and a white man in December of 1889.", "Jones sought political office as a Democrat.", "He served on the Montgomery City Council from 1874 to 1884 before being elected to the Alabama House of Representatives where he served from 1884 to 1888.", "He advocated funding the state militia and creating the state capital complex during his second term as speaker.", "Jones cast a tie-breaking vote making railroads liable for work-related injuries and opposed O' Neal's efforts to control the Alabama Railroad Commission.", "Jones returned to private practice to raise funds for his campaign for governor instead of running for re-election to the legislature.", "He defeated the farmer in the Democratic convention and Benjamin M. Long in the general election.", "Jones was the Governor of Alabama from 1890 to 1894.", "In his first two years as governor, Jones proposed an amendment to the constitution that would allow long legislative sessions and allow local communities to impose taxes to finance education and internal improvements.", "He opposed proposals to limit tax revenues from white taxpayers for white schools because they were unconstitutional.", "Jones opposed Alabama's convict leasing system despite the fact that it helped establish white supremacy as well as a frugal state government, despite the fact that he assumed office during a strike by coal miners who opposed unfair competition from leased convicts.", "Despite Seay's claims, the state was nearly bankrupt and the legislature refused to increase corporate taxes.", "Jones tried to replace his political rival with another person in his first term as agricultural commissioner.", "The Alabama Supreme Court approved the governor's new agricultural commissioner when Kolb refused to leave at the end of his term, and he narrowly lost to Jones in the general election, just like in the Democratic primary.", "Both Alabama House Speaker Frank L. Pettus and Senate President John C. Compton were from the Black Belt and ignored the request for investigations by Kolb.", "Many Alabamians refused to support either the Republican presidential candidate or the Populist candidate, as a result of the attempts to link his Farmers' Alliance with the Populist candidate.", "Two weeks after Jones announced that state troops would remain in Birmingham until the miners strike ended, he lost his bid to become Alabama's governor to a democrat who supported the convict leasing system.", "Jones would be haunted by his expenses for the rest of his life.", "The mortgage on Jones's house was paid off by his life insurance.", "He remained politically active despite not challenging John Tyler Morgan for the US Senate seat.", "Despite continued criticism, Jones became a Gold Democrat.", "Jones's political capital in the state seemed to be finished after the Gold Democrats got only 6,453 votes in Alabama, compared to Bryan's 107,137.", "In 1897, Jones was able to rehabilitate his political fortunes by remaining in Montgomery, despite a yellow fever epidemic in the coastal South.", "The 11 people who died in Montgomery were all part of the state.", "Jones was appointed to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama by President Theodore Roosevelt on October 7, 1901.", "On December 5, 1901, President Roosevelt nominated him for the same position.", "He received his commission the same day after he was confirmed by the United States Senate.", "His service was terminated because of his death.", "During his time on the bench, Jones was considered a moderate.", "Jones was appointed as a federal judge by Booker T. Washington because he was a friend of the black leader.", "Roosevelt, a friend of Washington 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266", "Jones was endorsed by Washington.", "Judge Jones took stands against lynching and refused to allow the state's convict lease system to become de facto slavery during his tenure.", "Those stands became unpopular in the white community because they held that federal law allowed protection of black people.", "His health deteriorated during the seven years he oversaw a case in which railroads challenged new rates set by the Alabama legislature.", "The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari after it was addressed by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals.", "Jones contracted pneumonia in the winter of 1912–13 and recovered in Florida.", "He took a leave of absence for health reasons after returning to his duties in Alabama.", "He died two days after losing consciousness on April 26, 1914.", "Many African Americans attended his funeral.", "Edmund Morris, Theodore Rex, Random House, 2002, location 21341, is a reference source." ]

[ "Thomas Goode Jones", "Martha Goode", "Samuel Jones", "Thomas", "Samuel Goode", "Thomas", "Samuel Jones", "Good", "Jones", "John Goode", "Samuel Goode", "Thomas Goode", "Jones", "Roger Jones", "Thomas", "Thomas", "John Jones", "Thomas Williamson", "Jones", "Goode", "Samuel Goode", "Jones", "Martha Goode", "Samuel Jones", "Thomas", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Gordon", "Gordon", "Jones", "Jones", "Gordon", "Jones", "Jones", "Goode", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "George S", "Jones", "Jones", "Ulysses Grant", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Grover", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones" ]

[ "Jones", "Samuel Jones", "Samuel Goode", "Thomas", "Samuel Jones", "Good", "Jones", "John Goode", "Thomas Goode", "Jones", "Roger Jones", "Thomas", "John Jones", "Thomas", ". Thomas", "Jones", "Samuel Jones", "Samuel Jones", "Thomas", "Gessner", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Gordon", "Jones", "Jones", "Gordon", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "George S", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones", "Jones" ]

[ "Giustiniana Wynne (later Countess Rosenberg-Orsini; Venice, 21 January 1737Padua, 22 August 1791) was an Anglo-Venetian author.", "She is best known for her association with Casanova as well as her secret love affair with Andrea Memmo, one of the last statesmen of the Venetian Republic.", "Early life\nReputedly a beauty of her day, Giustiniana Wynne was conceived out of wedlock but was legitimized by the marriage of her parents, Greek-born Venetian Anna Gazini and Englishman Sir Richard Wynne.", "She was the eldest of the couple's five children, and was raised solely by her mother after Sir Richard's death.", "At the age of sixteen, Giustiniana met Andrea Memmo, the 24-year-old son of one of Venice's ruling families.", "The two fell in love and began a clandestine affair which lasted nearly seven years.", "Due to the difference in their social classes, marriage was not a consideration for them.", "Also, upon the discovery of Memmo's attentions to her daughter, Anna forbade them to see each other.", "This was to protect Giustiniana's virtue and reputation so as not to deter future suitors.", "These two factors led to the writing and exchange of hundreds of surreptitious letters between Giustiniana and Memmo, some written in a secret code devised by Memmo himself.", "After four years of secret meetings, stolen moments and public hand signals, Memmo finally urged his family to petition the Venetian authorities for permission to marry Giustiniana.", "As the process dragged on, the lovers grew hopeful that they would indeed be united; but just as the request was about to be approved, evidence surfaced about the dishonorable past of Giustiniana's mother, Anna.", "The ensuing scandal left the Wynnes no choice but to leave Venice.", "Anna and her five children then made their way to Paris with the hope of continuing to London where they thought to start a new life in Sir Richard's native land.", "Paris debacle\nFollowing Memmo's advice to her, Giustiniana worked to become acquainted with Paris’ tax collection general, the wealthy but elderly widower Alexandre Jean Joseph Le Riche de La Pouplinière.", "She used her charms to attract his attentions, believing that a marriage to an elderly gentleman would help facilitate a future for her affair with Memmo.", "Just as the lovers had hoped, La Pouplinière did ask her to become his wife.", "During this time, Giustiniana was pregnant but hid it as best she could and told no one.", "It is possible the baby was conceived with Andrea Memmo but there is no proof of this.", "As the wedding neared she grew more and more desperate to rid herself of the fetus growing inside her.", "She eventually turned to her acquaintance, Casanova, who had escaped the prison in Venice and was in Paris the same time as she.", "Giacomo Casanova, notorious Venetian and famed lover of women, detailed his interaction with Giustiniana in his memoirs, The History of My Life.", "In it, he describes how he tricked her into allowing him sexual intercourse by convincing her that doing so (with saffron and honey smeared on his phallus) would discharge her unwanted fetus.", "Casanova's “remedy” was not successful however, and Giustiniana gave birth to an unnamed son in a convent outside of Paris.", "The baby was given up to a family capable of raising him.", "Giustiniana's disappearance during this time sparked many rumors throughout Paris and then Venice, and eventually led to the end of any marriage plans with M. de La Pouplinière.", "End of the affair\nThe Wynne family finally arrived in London in 1760 and stayed for a year's time.", "Society there remained closed to them for the most part and the decision to return to Venice was made.", "During this time, letters between Giustiniana and Memmo continued.", "The latter had tried to go on with his life and asked her permission to take an official mistress.", "Their time apart had changed them and even Giustiniana conceded that she no longer had a taste for marriage.", "Upon the family's return to Padua, Giustiniana forbade Memmo to come to her.", "When eventually they did meet again, it was as fond friends.", "Later life\nSettled again in Venice, Giustiniana accepted the hand of the Austrian ambassador to Venice, Philip Josef, Count Rosenberg-Orsini, and married him in a secret ceremony (probably) at the Embassy.", "Giustiniana lived with him in Palazzo Loredan until their return to Austria.", "She was never acknowledged by the Austrian government as a countess and after his death, she eventually made her way back to Italy.", "She never remarried and began to write stories, the first an account of a major celebration in Venice, the second a compilation, and the third a novel in French titled Les Morlacques.", "Her works were published in London and Venice and by 1786 she was considered a successful author.", "On 22 August 1791, Giustiniana, Countess Rosenberg-Orsini, succumbed to (probably) uterine cancer.", "Andrea Memmo (by that time a former Governor of Padua, former Ambassador to Constantinople, and then Procuratore di San Marco) visited her just before her death.", "She was buried in the Church of San Benedetto in Padua, where a tablet in her memory can be found above the entrance portal.", "A Venetian Affair\nIn the 1990s, stacks of Memmo's letters to Giustiniana were found bundled in the attic of Palazzo Mocenigo on the Grand Canal by Mocenigo descendant, Alvise di Robilant.", "Upon his untimely death his son, Andrea di Robilant, researched the letters and eventually wrote the historical work A Venetian Affair, originally published in 1963, published by Knopf in 2003.", "Conversely, letters from Giustiniana to Andrea Memmo had been found previously but had only told one side of the story.", "With di Robilant's discovery, a clearer picture began to emerge.", "Works\nDu sejour des comtes du Nord à Venise en Janvier MDCCLXXXII: Lettre de Mme la comtesse Douairière des Ursins, et Rosenberg à Mr. Richard Wynne, son frère, à Londres, Londra (1782)\nMoral and Sentimental Essays on miscellaneous subjects, written in retirement, on the banks of the Brenta, in the Venetian state (2 voll.", "), Londra, (1785)\nPièces morales & sentimentales de Madame J.W.C.", "Ècrites à une Campagne, sur le Rivages de la Brenta, dans l'Ètat venitien A Londre chez Robson, New Bond Street (2 voll.", "), Londra (1785)\nIl trionfo de' gondolieri; ovvero novella viniziana plebea scritta in idioma francese da Madame G. W. C-t-ssa di R-s-g. Recata nell'italiano da L(odovico) A(ntonio) L(oschi), In Venezia nella stamperia Graziosi in S.Apollinare.", "Venezia (1786)\nAlticchiero, a Mr. Huber de Genève, J.C.D.R.(1786?)", "A André Memmo Chevalier de l'Etoile Dor et procurateur de Saint Marc, à l'occasion du mariage de sa fille Aineé avec Louis Mocenigo Venezia 30 aprile 1787: Stamperia Giuseppe Rosa.", "Venezia (1787)\nAlticchiero.", "Par Mad.e J.W.C.D.R.", "à Padoue.", "ma Venezia, per i tipi di Nicolò Bettinelli.", "(1787).", "Les Morlacques, Modena (1788), in collaborazione con Bartolomeo Benincasa.", "Du sejour des comtes du Nord à Venise en Janvier MDCCLXXXII: Lettre de Mme la comtesse Douairière des Ursins, et Rosenberg à Mr. Richard Wynne, son frère, à Londres, Elibron Classics.", "Chesnut Hill (2001)\nLes Morlacques Jella: Oder Das Morlachische Madchen, Part.", "1-2 (1797).", "Whitefish, MT (USA), Kessinger publishing (2009)\n\nSources\nIn English:\nAndrea di Robilant A Venetian Affair, Knopf, 2003\nNancy Isenberg, Without swapping her skirt for breeches: The Hypochondria of Giustiniana Wynne, Anglo-Venetian Woman of Letters in The English Malady: Enabling and Disabling Fictions a cura di Glen Colburn.", "Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Press 2008, pp.", "154–176.", "In Italian:\nBruno Brunelli, Un'amica del Casanova, Firenze, Sandron, 1923\nNancy Isenberg, Mon cher frère: Eros mascherato nell’epistolario di Giustiniana Wynne a Andrea Memmo (1758-1760), in Trame parentali/trame letterarie, a cura di M. Del Sapio, Napoli, Liguori, 2000, pp.", "251–265.", "Andrea di Robilant, Un amore veneziano, Milano, Mondadori, 2003\nJusto Bonetto Le case padovane di Giustiniana Rosemberg Wynne, in L'intermédiaire des Casanovistes, XXII, Genéve 2005, pp.", "21–25.", "Federico Montecuccoli degli Erri Cammei casanoviani, cap.", "XIII Progetti matrimoniali e matrimoni segreti di Giustiniana Wynne, Genéve 2006\nNancy Isenberg, Seduzioni epistolari nell'età dei Lumi.", "L'equivoco e provocante carteggio amoroso di Giustiniana Wynne, scrittrice anglo-veneziana (1737-1791), in Quaderno del Dipartimento di Letterature Comparate.", "Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 2, 2006, pp.", "47–70.", "Nancy Isenberg, editor, Giustiniana Wynne, Caro Memmo, mon cher frére, Treviso, Elzeviro editore, 2010.", "1737 births\n1791 deaths\n18th-century Italian novelists\n18th-century Italian women writers\nAustrian countesses\nItalian emigrants to the Kingdom of Great Britain\nItalian letter writers\nWomen letter writers\nItalian people of British descent\n18th-century Venetian writers\n18th-century Venetian women\n18th-century letter writers" ]

[ "The author was an Anglo-Venetian.", "She is best known for her association with Casanova as well as her secret love affair with one of the last statesmen of the Venetian Republic.", "The beauty of her day was that she was conceived out of wedlock but was legitimized by the marriage of her parents.", "She was raised by her mother after Sir Richard's death.", "The son of one of Venice's ruling families met Giustiniana at the age of sixteen.", "The two began an affair after falling in love.", "Marriage wasn't a consideration for them due to their different social classes.", "Anna forbade them to see each other after she found out that Memmo was paying attention to her daughter.", "To protect her virtue and reputation, this was done.", "These two factors led to the exchange of hundreds of letters between Giustiniana and Memmo, some of which were written in a secret code.", "After four years of secret meetings, stolen moments and public hand signals, Memmo finally urged his family to petition the Venetian authorities for permission to marry.", "As the process dragged on, the lovers grew hopeful that they would be united, but just as the request was about to be approved, there was evidence about Anna's past.", "The scandal left the Wynnes no choice but to leave Venice.", "Anna and her children traveled to Paris with the hope of continuing to London, where they hoped to start a new life in Sir Richard's native land.", "The tax collection general of Paris is a wealthy widower named Alexandre Jean Joseph Le Riche de La Pouplinire.", "She believed that a marriage to an elderly gentleman would help facilitate a future for her affair with Memmo.", "La Pouplinire asked her to be his wife.", "During this time, she hid the fact that she was pregnant and didn't tell anyone.", "There is no proof that the baby was conceived with the other person.", "She was desperate to get rid of her fetus as the wedding neared.", "She turned to her friend, who had escaped from a prison in Venice and was in Paris at the same time.", "In his memoirs, The History of My Life, the notorious Venetian and famed lover of women detailed his interaction with the woman.", "He tricked her into allowing him to have sex by convincing her that he would discharge her fetus if he did so.", "A son was born in a convent outside of Paris after Casanova's \"remedy\" was not successful.", "The baby was given to a family that could raise him.", "The end of any marriage plans with M. de La Pouplinire was caused by the disappearance of Giustiniana.", "The Wynne family finally arrived in London in 1760 and stayed for a year.", "The decision was made to return to Venice because of the closed society there.", "The letters between the two people continued.", "He asked her permission to take an official mistress and tried to go on with his life.", "Their time apart had changed them and even Giustiniana conceded that she no longer had a liking for marriage.", "After the family's return to Padua, they were told not to come to her.", "They were fond of each other when they met again.", "After moving back to Venice, Giustiniana married the Austrian ambassador to Venice in a secret ceremony at the Embassy.", "They returned to Austria after living in Palazzo Loredan.", "After his death, she made her way back to Italy and was never acknowledged by the Austrian government as a countess.", "She never remarried and began to write stories, the first of which was an account of a major celebration in Venice, the second a collection of stories, and the third a novel in French.", "She was a successful author after her works were published in London and Venice.", "Giustiniana, Countess Rosenberg-Orsini, died of uterine cancer on August 22, 1791.", "Just before her death, a former Governor of Padua, former Ambassador to Constantinople, and then Procuratore di San Marco visited her.", "She was buried in the Church of San Benedetto in Padua, and a tablet in her memory can be found above the entrance portal.", "The attic of Palazzo Mocenigo on the Grand Canal was found in the 1990s with stacks of Memmo's letters.", "A Venetian Affair, a historical work written by his son, was published by Knopf in 2003 after he died.", "The letters from Giustiniana had only told one side of the story.", "A clearer picture began to emerge after di Robilant's discovery.", "Lettre de Mme la comtesse Douairire des Ursins, et Rosenberg was written by Mr. Richard Wynne.", "Madame J.W.C. had Pices morales and sentimentales.", "The Campagne, sur le Rivages de la Brenta, is located on New Bond Street.", "Madame G. W. C-t-ssa di R-s-g. Recata nell", "The J.C.D.R. referred to Alticchiero as a Mr. Huber de Genve.", "l'occasion du mariage de sa fille Aineé was held on 30 April 1787.", "Alticchiero is from Venezia.", "J.W.C.D.R. is a Par Mad.e.", "Padoue.", "I tipi di Nicol Bettinelli.", "The year 1787).", "In collaboration with Bartolomeo Benincasa, Les Morlacques, Modena.", "Lettre de Mme la comtesse Douairire des Ursins, Mr. Richard Wynne.", "There is a book called Les Morlacques Jella: Oder Das Morlachische Madchen.", "1-2", "Nancy Isenberg, Without swapping her skirt for breeches, is an Anglo-Venetian woman of letters.", "The Cambridge Scholars Press was published in 2008.", "154–176.", "In Italian: Bruno Brunelli, Un'amica del Casanova, Firenze, Sandron, 1923 Nancy Isenberg.", "25–65.", "Justo Bonetto, Un amore veneziano, Milano, Mondadori, 2003 is a case.", "21–25.", "The cap was given to Federico Montecuccoli by Erri Cammei.", "Seduzioni epistolari nell'et dei Lumi is part of the XIII progetti matrimoniali.", "There is a Quaderno del Dipartimento di Letterature Comparate.", "The 2nd edition of the Universit degli Studi.", "47–70.", "Nancy Isenberg is an editor.", "18th-century Italian novelists, Venetian women, Austrian countesses, and letter writers migrated to the Kingdom of Great Britain." ]

[ "Giustiniana Wynne", "Giustiniana Wynn", "Richard Wynne", "Giustiniana", "Giustiniana", "Giustiniana", "Giustiniana", "Richard Wynne", "Wynne", "Giustiniana", "Wynne" ]

[ "Giustiniana", "Giustiniana", "Giustiniana", "Richard Wynne" ]

[ "Joseph Bolitho Johns ( February 1826 – 13 August 1900), better known as Moondyne Joe, was an English convict and Western Australia's best-known bushranger.", "Born into poor and relatively difficult circumstances, he became something of a petty criminal robber with a strong sense of self-determination.", "He is remembered as a person who had escaped multiple times from prison.", "Biography\n\nEarly life \nBorn in Cornwall, UK, around 1826 and raised as a Roman Catholic, he was the third of six children of blacksmith Thomas Johns (1795–1833) and his wife Mary Bolitho (1804–1860).", "Joe was a tall man with black hair and hazel-coloured eyes, and it is likely that he contracted smallpox in his youth as, later, records describe him as \"pockmarked\".", "His father died some time in 1833, and Johns and his three brothers took work as copper miners.", "In 1841 the family was living at Illogan, Cornwall, but by 1848 Johns had migrated to Wales, taking work as an iron ore miner, probably at the Clydach Iron Works.", "Prison \nOn 15 November 1848, Johns and an associate using the name William Cross, the pseudonym for the convict John Williams, were arrested near Chepstow for \"stealing from the house of Richard Price, three loaves of bread, one piece of bacon, several cheeses, and other goods\".", "Arraigned at the Brecon Assizes on charges of burglary and stealing, the pair pleaded not guilty.", "On 23 March, they were tried at the Lent Assizes before Sir William Erle.", "Newspaper reports of the trial suggest that the pair gave an unexpectedly spirited defence, but Johns was abrasive and \"contravened the conventions of court procedure\".", "The men were convicted and sentenced to ten years' penal servitude.", "W. J. Edgar (1990) observes that in several other cases brought before the same judge that day, guilty pleas to very similar charges resulted in sentences ranging from three weeks to three months.", "Johns and Williams were to spend the next seven months working on a government work party in the local area, before being transferred to Millbank Prison.", "On 1 January 1850, they were transferred to Pentonville Prison to serve their mandatory six months of solitary confinement.", "The pair were transferred to Dartmoor Prison on 21 October 1851, but shortly afterwards Johns was transferred to the Woolwich prison hulk Justitia, probably for disciplinary reasons.", "When the Justitia was destroyed by fire, he was transferred to the Defence.", "About a year later, he boarded the prison ship Pyrenees for transportation to what was then the British penal colony of Western Australia to serve out the remainder of his sentence.", "In turn, Williams was transported to Van Diemen's Land in March 1852.", "Australia bound \n\nPyrenees sailed for Western Australia on 2 February 1853, and arrived in Fremantle on 30 April.", "In reward for good behaviour, Johns was issued with a ticket of leave on arrival, and on 10 March 1855 he received a conditional pardon.", "He then settled in the Avon Valley, one of the most rugged and inaccessible places in the Darling Range.", "The Aboriginal name for the area was Moondyne.", "Johns made a living by partly fencing the springs in the area, and trapping escaped stock and horses.", "Often a reward was offered for the return of such animals.", "In August 1861, Johns caught an unbranded stallion and branded it with his own mark.", "This was effectively horse stealing, and when the police heard of this they arrested him at their first opportunity.", "The horse was taken as evidence, and Johns was placed in the Toodyay lockup.", "Sometime during the night, Johns broke out of his cell, and stole the horse once more, taking also the local magistrate's brand-new saddle and bridle.", "He was caught the next day but, while on the run, he had killed the horse and cut his brand out of the hide, thus destroying the evidence.", "Consequently, he received only a three-year sentence for jail-breaking, whereas a typical sentence for horse stealing was more than ten years.", "While Johns was serving his sentence, there was a rash of convict escapes and attempted escapes, but Johns remained well behaved.", "His good behaviour earned him a remission on his sentence, and he was released on a ticket of leave in February 1864.", "He then found work on Henry Martin's farm in Kelmscott.", "In January 1865, a steer named \"Bright\" belonging to William Wallace was killed, and Johns was accused of the deed.", "He was arrested on 29 March, found guilty on 5 July, and sentenced to ten years' penal servitude.", "Johns was to protest his innocence of this crime for the rest of his life.", "He was determined not to serve what he felt was an unjust sentence and, in early November, he and another prisoner absconded from a work party.", "They were on the run for nearly a month, during which time they committed a number of small robberies.", "It was during this time that Johns first adopted the nickname Moondyne Joe.", "They were finally caught east of York by a party of policemen that included Tommy Windich, an Aboriginal tracker.", "For absconding and for being in possession of a firearm, Johns was sentenced to twelve months in irons, and transferred to Fremantle Prison.", "Escape \nIn April 1866, Johns sent a petition to the Chief Justice, and received four years off his sentence.", "This was apparently unsatisfactory to him for, in July, he received a further six months in irons for trying to cut the lock out of his door.", "Early in August, he succeeded in escaping again.", "After cutting off his irons, he met up with three other escapees, and together they roamed the bush around Perth, committing a number of robberies and narrowly escaping capture on a number of occasions.", "Near the end of the month, one of the gang was captured by police.", "Realising that the gang could not elude the police forever, Johns formulated a plan to escape the colony by travelling overland to the colony of South Australia.", "This would be a long and arduous journey through extremely arid land, and the gang would have to be very well equipped if it were to stand any chance of success.", "On 5 September, Johns equipped his company by committing the biggest robbery of his career, stealing supplies and equipment from the Toodyay store of an old enemy, James Everett.", "The gang then started travelling east along the explorer Charles Hunt's established route.", "Their tracks were discovered by police on 26 September, about east of York.", "A team of police then set out after them, and they were captured on 29 September 1866 at Boodalin Soak, about north-west of the present-day site of the town of Westonia, approximately north-east of Perth.", "Hard labour \nAs punishment for escaping and for the robberies committed while on the run, Johns received five years' hard labour on top of his remaining sentence.", "Extraordinary measures were taken to ensure that Johns did not escape again.", "He was sent to Fremantle Prison, and kept in the yard with his neck chained to the iron bar of a window, while a special \"escape-proof\" cell was made for him.", "The stone-walled cell was lined with jarrah sleepers and over one thousand nails, and was almost air-proof and light-proof.", "Johns was kept in the cell on a bread and water diet, with only one to two hours of exercise a day.", "In early 1867, due to his diminishing health, Johns was set to work breaking stone in the open air but, rather than permit him to leave the prison, the acting comptroller-general ordered that the stone be brought in and dumped in a corner of the prison yard, where Johns worked under the constant supervision of a warder.", "Governor John Hampton was so confident of the arrangements, he was heard to say to Johns: \"If you get out again, I'll forgive you\".", "However, the rock broken by Johns was not removed regularly, and eventually a pile grew up until it obscured the guard's view of him below the waist.", "Partially hidden behind the pile of rocks, he occasionally swung his sledgehammer at the limestone wall of the prison.", "On 7 March 1867, Johns escaped through a hole he had made in the prison wall.", "Despite an extensive manhunt, no sign of him was found, and he would not be recaptured for nearly two years.", "He did not return to any of his old haunts, and he committed no crimes, so the authorities received very little information about him.", "Also, many convicts were encouraged by Johns' audacious escape, and a number of escapes were attempted in the following months, so that he was quickly forgotten.", "On 25 February 1869, Johns tried to steal some wine from the cellars at Houghton Winery.", "By chance, the owner had been helping with a police search, and afterwards invited a group of police back to the vineyard for refreshments.", "When the owner entered the cellar, Johns assumed that he was discovered, and made a dash for the door into the arms of the police.", "He was returned to prison, sentenced to an additional 12 months, half to be in separate confinement, for absconding.", "On 22 March 1869, he was sentenced to an additional four years in irons for breaking and entering.", "Johns made at least one more attempt to escape, attempting in February 1871 to create a key for his cell in the carpenter's workshop, but was unsuccessful.", "Eventually, in April 1871, Comptroller General Wakeford heard from Johns of Hampton's promise.", "After verifying with Superintendent Lefroy that those words were spoken, Wakeford informed the current governor, Frederick Weld, who agreed that further punishment would be unfair.", "Johns was given a ticket of leave in May 1871.", "Later life \nThe remainder of Johns' life consisted of periods of good behaviour punctuated by occasional minor misdemeanors and brief jail terms.", "In January 1879, he married a widow named Louisa Hearn, and they spent some time prospecting for gold near Southern Cross.", "In 1881, while exploring the countryside around Karridale, he discovered Moondyne Cave.", "Final years and death \nIn 1893, Johns' wife Louisa died at the age of 40, and the death affected him greatly.", "Years after, he began acting strangely, and was eventually found to be mentally ill.", "He died of senile dementia in the Fremantle Lunatic Asylum (now the Fremantle Arts Centre building) on 13 August 1900, and was buried in Fremantle Cemetery.", "His tombstone bears the word \"rhyddid\", meaning \"freedom\" in Welsh.", "Cultural references\n\nLiterature and film\n\nWhile Moondyne Joe was bushranging in 1869, an Irish political prisoner named John Boyle O'Reilly was working in a convict road party near Bunbury.", "Although it is very unlikely that O'Reilly knew Moondyne Joe, he must have heard many stories of his exploits.", "In March 1869, O'Reilly escaped and was rescued by an American ship.", "After his arrival in the United States, he wrote a novel about convict life called Moondyne: An Australian Tale, whose central character was called Moondyne Joe.", "The book is presented as fiction, and neither the character nor the plot bears much resemblance to the life of Joseph Johns.", "In 1913, O'Reilly's novel was made into a movie entitled Moondyne.", "Directed by W. J. Lincoln, it starred George Bryant, Godfrey Cass and Roy Redgrave.", "Randolph Stow wrote a humorous children's book, Midnite: The Story of a Wild Colonial Boy, in 1967 which told the story of an Australian bushranger based on the life and exploits of Moondyne Joe and a Queensland bushranger Captain Starlight.", "In 2002, Cygnet Books published The Legend of Moondyne Joe, a work of juvenile fiction written by Mark Greenwood and illustrated by Frané Lessac.", "The book won the award in the Children's Books category at the 2002 Western Australian Premier's Book Awards.", "In 2012, Fremantle Press published a postmodern interpretation of Moondyne Joe's life, The Ballad of Moondyne Joe, including poems and prose by John Kinsella and Niall Lucy.", "In song and verse\n\nIn 1982 a musical/play was written by Roy Abbott and Roger Montgomery of the Mucky Duck Bush Band and performed by Mucky Duck and friends at various venues.", "Memorials \nA railway siding on the Eastern Goldfields Railway in Johns' area of operations in the Avon Valley has been named \"Moondyne\", most likely after the man rather than the area.", "Festivals \nOn the first Sunday of May, the township of Toodyay celebrates the life and times of Moondyne Joe by holding the Moondyne Festival.", "This festival takes place in the main street with street theatre, market stalls, demonstrations and the entire town is generally transported back to earlier years.", "See also\nCornish Australians\nList of convicts transported to Australia\nList of convict ship voyages to Western Australia\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n M. Tamblyn, 'Johns, Joseph Bolitho (1827–1900)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, Johns, Joseph Bolitho (1827–1900), published in hardcopy 1972, accessed online 10 February 2014\n Family History site at dbolitho.co.uk\n\n1826 births\n1900 deaths\nAustralian escapees\nAustralian miners\nBritish escapees\nBurials at Fremantle Cemetery\nBushrangers\nConvict escapees in Australia\nConvicts transported to Western Australia\nAustralian people of Cornish descent\nBritish emigrants to Australia\nCriminals from Western Australia\nDeaths from dementia\nEscapees from British detention\nEscapees from Western Australian detention\nFugitives\nNeurological disease deaths in Western Australia\nPeople from Illogan\nPeople from Toodyay, Western Australia\nSettlers of Western Australia" ]

[ "Moondyne Joe was an English convict and Western Australia's best-known bushranger.", "He grew up in poor and difficult circumstances and became a criminal with a strong sense of self- determination.", "He had escaped from prison many times.", "He was the third of six children of a blacksmith named Thomas and his wife Mary Bolitho and was raised as a Roman Catholic.", "Joe was a tall man with black hair and hazel- coloured eyes, and it is likely that he contracted the disease in his youth.", "He and his three brothers worked as copper miners after his father's death.", "After living at Illogan, Cornwall, in 1841, the family moved to Wales, where they worked at the Clydach Iron Works.", "On November 15, 1848, John and William Cross were arrested near Chepstow for stealing from the house of Richard Price, which contained three loaves of bread, one piece of bacon, and several cheeses.", "The pair pleaded not guilty to the charges.", "They were tried before Sir William Erle at the Lent Assizes.", "According to reports of the trial, the pair gave an unexpectedly spirited defence, but Johns was abrasive and contrary to the convention of court procedure.", "The men were sentenced to prison.", "In several other cases brought before the same judge that day, guilty pleas to very similar charges resulted in sentences ranging from three weeks to three months.", "After seven months working on a government work party in the local area, they would be transferred to Millbank Prison.", "They were sentenced to six months of solitary confinement on January 1, 1850.", "The pair were transferred to Dartmoor Prison on October 21st, but just a few days later, Johns was moved to the Justitia prison.", "The Justitia was destroyed by fire and he was transferred to the Defence.", "He boarded the prison ship for the trip to Western Australia to serve out the rest of his sentence.", "Williams was taken to Van Diemen's Land in March of 1852.", "Pyrenees sailed for Western Australia on February 2, 1854, and arrived in Fremantle on April 30, 1854.", "On 10 March 1855, he received a pardon after being given a ticket of leave on arrival.", "One of the most rugged and inhospitable places in the Darling Range was where he settled.", "The area's name was Moondyne.", "The springs were partly fencing and trapping escaped stock and horses.", "A reward was offered for the return of such animals.", "In August 1861, he branded a stallion with his own mark.", "When the police heard of this, they arrested him at their first chance.", "The horse was taken as evidence and the man was put in the Toodyay lockup.", "During the night, he broke out of his cell and stole the horse again, as well as the local magistrate's saddle and bridle.", "While on the run, he killed the horse and cut his brand out of the hide, which destroyed the evidence.", "He received a three-year sentence for jail-breaking, whereas a typical sentence for horse stealing was more than ten years.", "There was a lot of convict escapes while Johns was in prison, but he was well behaved.", "His good behavior earned him a remission on his sentence, and he was released on a ticket of leave in February 1864.", "He was able to find work on Henry Martin's farm.", "In January 1865, a steer named \"Bright\" belonging to William Wallace was killed and his owner was accused of the crime.", "He was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment after being found guilty and arrested.", "He wanted to protest his innocence for the rest of his life.", "In early November, he and another prisoner escaped from a work party and he was determined not to serve what he felt was an unjust sentence.", "They committed a number of small robberies while they were on the run.", "The nickname Moondyne Joe was adopted by Johns.", "They were caught east of York by a group of police officers.", "When he was sentenced for being in possession of a firearm, he was sentenced to twelve months in irons.", "After sending a petition to the Chief Justice, he received four years off of his sentence.", "In July, he was given six months in irons for trying to cut the lock out of his door.", "He was able to escape again early in August.", "After cutting off his irons, he met up with three other escapees and they spent the rest of their time in the bush committing a number of robberies and narrowly escaping capture.", "The gang was captured by police at the end of the month.", "To escape the colony, the gang would have to travel overland to the colony of South Australia.", "If the gang were to have any chance of success, they would have to be very well equipped.", "The biggest robbery of his career took place on 5 September, when Johns stole supplies and equipment from the Toodyay store of an old enemy.", "The gang began travelling east along Charles Hunt's route.", "Police found their tracks east of York.", "The police captured them at Boodalin Soak, which is north-west of the present-day site of the town of Westonia.", "Five years of hard labour was added on top of his remaining sentence for escaping and committing robberies while on the run.", "Measures were taken to make sure that he didn't escape again.", "He was kept in the yard with his neck chained to the iron bar of a window while a special cell was made for him.", "The stone-walled cell was lined with over one thousand nails and was almost air-proof.", "He was kept in the cell on a bread and water diet.", "The acting comptroller-general ordered that the stone be brought in and dumped in a corner of the prison yard because he didn't want him to leave the prison.", "\"If you get out again, I'll forgive you,\" the Governor was heard to say to the man.", "The guard's view of him below the waist was obscured by a pile of rock that was not removed regularly.", "He was hidden behind a pile of rocks and occasionally swung his sledgehammer at the wall of the prison.", "On March 7, 1867, he escaped through a hole in the prison wall.", "No trace of him was found and he would not be found again for nearly two years.", "The authorities received very little information about him because he did not commit any crimes.", "Many convicts were encouraged by Johns' audacious escape, and a number of escapes were attempted in the following months, so that he was quickly forgotten.", "On February 25, 1869, he tried to steal wine from the cellars.", "After helping with a police search, the owner invited a group of police back to the vineyard for refreshments.", "When the owner entered the cellar, he assumed that he was found and ran for the door into the arms of the police.", "He was sentenced to an additional 12 months in prison and was placed in separate confinement.", "He was sentenced to an additional four years in irons for breaking and entering.", "In February 1871, he tried to create a key for his cell in the carpenter's workshop, but was unsuccessful.", "In April 1871, Comptroller General Wakeford received a promise.", "Wakeford told the current governor, Frederick Weld, that further punishment would be unfair.", "In May 1871, he was given a ticket of leave.", "The rest of the life consisted of periods of good behavior.", "He and his wife spent some time prospecting for gold near Southern Cross in 1879.", "Moondyne Cave was discovered in the countryside around Karridale.", "Louisa died at the age of 40 in 1893, and the death affected him greatly.", "He was eventually found to be mentally ill after years of acting strangely.", "He died of senile dementia in the Lunatic Asylum and was buried in the cemetery.", "The word \"freedom\" is written in Welsh on his tombstone.", "While Moondyne Joe was bushranging in 1869, an Irish political prisoner named John O'Reilly was working in a convict road party.", "O'Reilly must have heard many stories of Moondyne Joe's exploits.", "O'Reilly was rescued by an American ship in March 1869.", "Moondyne: An Australian Tale, whose central character was called Moondyne Joe, was written after he arrived in the United States.", "The plot and character of the book are not very similar to the life of Joseph Johns.", "O'Reilly's novel was made into a movie in 1913.", "George Bryant and Roy Redgrave were in the movie.", "The story of an Australian bushranger based on the life and exploits of Moondyne Joe was told in a children's book written in 1967.", "The Legend of Moondyne Joe was published in 2002 by Cygnet Books.", "The book was a winner at the 2002 Western Australian premier's book awards.", "Poems and prose by John Kinsella and Niall Lucy were published in a postmodern interpretation of Moondyne Joe's life.", "In 1982 a musical/play was written and performed by Roy Abbott and Roger Montgomery of the Mucky Duck Bush Band.", "The siding on the Eastern Goldfields Railway is named \"Moondyne\", most likely after the man, rather than the area.", "The Moondyne Festival is held on the first Sunday of May and commemorates the life and times of Moondyne Joe.", "This festival takes place in the main street with street theatre, market stalls, demonstrations and the entire town is usually transported back to earlier years.", "There is a list of convicts transported to Australia and a list of convict ship voyages to Western Australia." ]

[ "Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe" ]

[ "Moondyne Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe", "Joe" ]

[ "Francisco Rabal Valera (8 March 1926 – 29 August 2001), better known as Paco Rabal, was a Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter born in Águilas, a town in the south-western part of the province of Murcia, Spain.", "Throughout his career, Rabal appeared in around 200 films working with directors including Francesc Rovira-Beleta, Luis Buñuel, José Luis Sáenz de Heredia, Carlos Saura, Pedro Almodóvar, William Friedkin, Michelangelo Antonioni, Claude Chabrol, Luchino Visconti, and Gillo Pontecorvo.", "Paco Rabal was recognized both in his native Spain and internationally, winning the Award for Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival for Los Santos Inocentes and a Goya Award for Best Actor for playing Francisco de Goya in Carlos Saura's Goya en Burdeos.", "One of Spain's most loved actors, Rabal also was known for his commitment to human rights and other social causes.", "Life and career\nIn 1936, after the Spanish Civil War broke out, Rabal and his family left Murcia and moved to Madrid.", "Young Francisco had to work as a street salesboy and in a chocolate factory.", "When he was 13 years old, he left school to work as an electrician at film studios Estudios Chamartín.", "Rabal got some sporadic jobs as an extra.", "Dámaso Alonso and other people advised him to try his luck with a career in theater.", "During the following years, he got some roles in theater companies such as Lope de Vega or María Guerrero.", "It was there that he met actress Asunción Balaguer; they married in 1951 and remained together for the rest of Rabal's life.", "Their daughter, Teresa Rabal, is also an actress.", "In 1947, Rabal got some regular jobs in theater.", "He used his full name, Francisco Rabal, as his stage name.", "However, the people who knew him always called him Paco Rabal (Paco is the familiar form for Francisco.)", "\"Paco Rabal\" became his unofficial stage name.", "During the 1940s, Rabal began acting in movies as an extra, but it was not until 1950 that he was first cast in speaking roles, and played romantic leads and rogues.", "He starred in three films directed by Luis Buñuel - Nazarín (1959), Viridiana (1961) and Belle de jour (1967) - with whom he would develop a lifelong friendship.", "He was named best actor by the Círculo de Escritores Cinematográficos for El hombre de la isla in 1962.", "William Friedkin thought of Rabal for the French villain of his 1971 movie The French Connection.", "However, he could not remember the name of \"that Spanish actor\".", "Mistakenly, his staff hired another Spanish actor, Fernando Rey.", "Friedkin discovered that Rabal did not speak English or French, so he decided to keep Rey.", "Rabal had previously worked with Rey in Viridiana.", "Rabal did, however, work with Friedkin in the much less successful but Academy Award-nominated cult classic Sorcerer (1977), a remake of The Wages of Fear (1953).", "Throughout his career, Rabal worked in France, Italy and Mexico with directors such as Gillo Pontecorvo, Michelangelo Antonioni, Luchino Visconti, Valerio Zurlini, Jacques Rivette, Alberto Lattuada and Silvano Agosti.", "It is widely considered that Rabal's best performances came after Francisco Franco's death in 1975.", "In the 1980s, Rabal starred in Los Santos Inocentes - winning the Award for Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival - in El Disputado Voto del Señor Cayo and also in the TV series Juncal.", "In 1989, he was a member of the jury at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.", "In 1999 he played the part of Francisco Goya in Carlos Saura's Goya en Burdeos, winning a Goya Award for Best Actor.", "Rabal's final movie was Dagon, directed by Stuart Gordon.", "The film, which was released after Rabal's death in 2001, was dedicated to him.", "The dedication, which appears before the end credits, reads: \"Dedicated to Francisco Rabal, a wonderful actor and even better human being.\"", "Rabal died in 2001 from compensatory dilating emphysema while on an airplane travelling to Bordeaux, returning from having received an Award at the Montreal Film Festival.", "His death happened only a few weeks before he was due to collect the lifetime Donostia Award at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.", "The award was accepted by his grandson, Liberto Rabal, also an actor.", "Francisco Rabal is the only Spanish actor to have received an honoris causa doctoral degree from the University of Murcia.", "Murcia's Film Library and Cinematheque, Filmoteca Regional Francisco Rabal, created in 2004 as a meeting point for movie lovers, was named after him.", "(1979)El buscón (1979) - MataUnder Siege (1980) - William LombardThe Rebel (1980) - TonyEl gran secreto (1980) - DomingoSpeed Driver (1980) - EspositoNightmare City (1980) - Major Warren HolmesBuitres sobre la ciudad (1981) - Bender (1981) - GiacomoSal Gorda (1982)La colmena (1982) - Ricardo SorbedoTreasure of the Four Crowns (1983) - SócratesVictòria!", "La gran aventura d'un poble (1983) - Coronel MárquezTruhanes (1983) - Ginés Jiménez ValeraVictòria!", "2: La disbauxa del 17 (1983) - Coronel MárquezEscapada Final (1983)Epílogo (1984) - RocabrunoVictòria!" ]

[ "Paco Rabal was a Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter who was born in guilas, a town in the south-western part of Murcia, Spain.", "Rabal appeared in over 200 films working with directors such as William Friedkin, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Carlos Saura.", "Paco Rabal won two Goya Awards for playing Francisco de Goya in Carlos Saura's Goya en Burdeos, one for best actor and the other for best actor.", "Rabal was known for his commitment to human rights and other social causes.", "Rabal and his family moved to Madrid after the Spanish Civil War broke out.", "Francisco worked in a chocolate factory as a street salesboy.", "When he was 13 years old, he left school to work as an electrician at a film studio.", "Rabal got some jobs as an extra.", "Dmaso Alonso told him to try his luck in theater.", "He got some roles in theater companies during the following years.", "Rabal and Asuncin were married in 1951 and remained together for the rest of Rabal's life.", "Teresa Rabal is an actress.", "Rabal got some regular jobs in the theater.", "His stage name was Francisco Rabal.", "The people who knew him were called Paco Rabal.", "His stage name was \"Paco Rabal\".", "Rabal began acting in movies as an extra in the 1940s, but it wasn't until 1950 that he was cast in speaking roles and played romantic leads and rogues.", "He developed a lifelong friendship with Luis Buuel, who directed three of his films.", "The Crculo de Escritores Cinematogrficos named him the best actor for El hombre de la isla.", "Rabal was the French villain of William Friedkin's 1971 movie The French Connection.", "He couldn't remember the name of the Spanish actor.", "Fernando Rey was hired by his staff.", "Friedkin decided to keep Rey because Rabal did not speak English or French.", "Rey had previously worked with Rabal.", "Rabal worked with Friedkin in a remake of The Wages of Fear that was nominated for an Academy Award.", "Rabal worked in France, Italy and Mexico with directors such as Gillo Pontecorvo, Michelangelo Antonioni, Luchino Visconti, Valerio Zurlini and Jacques Rivette.", "Rabal's best performances came after Francisco Franco died.", "In the 1980s, Rabal starred in Los Santos Inocentes and El Disputado Voto del Seor Cayo and also in the TV series Juncal.", "He was a member of the jury at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1989.", "He won a Goya Award for Best actor in 1999 for playing Francisco Goya in Carlos Saura's Goya en Burdeos.", "Dagon was directed by Stuart Gordon.", "After Rabal's death, the film was dedicated to him.", "The dedication reads: \"Dedicated to Francisco Rabal, a wonderful actor and even better human being.\"", "Rabal died in 2001 while on an airplane travelling to Bordeaux, returning from receiving an Award at the Montreal Film Festival.", "His death happened a few weeks before he was to receive the lifetime Donostia Award.", "Liberto Rabal accepted the award on his grandfather's behalf.", "The only Spanish actor to have received an honoris causa degree is Francisco Rabal.", "The Film Library and Cinematheque, Filmoteca Regional Francisco Rabal, was created in 2004 as a meeting point for movie lovers.", "The Rebel, Mata Under Siege, and DomingoSpeed Driver are some of the films that have been released in the last 30 years.", "La gran aventura d'un poble was written by Coronel MrquezTruhanes.", "The final of Coronel MrquezEscapada and the final of RocabrunoVictria!" ]

[ "Francisco Rabal Valera", "Paco Rabal", "Rabal", "Paco Rabal", "Francisco de Goya", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Teresa Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco Franco", "Rabal", "Francisco Goya", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco Rabal" ]

[ "Paco Rabal", "Rabal", "Paco Rabal", "Francisco de Goya", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Teresa Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco Franco", "Rabal", "Francisco Goya", "Rabal", "Francisco Rabal", "Rabal", "Rabal", "Francisco Rabal" ]

[ "Aimal Kansi (born 10 February or 22 October 1964 or 1 January 1967 — died 14 November 2002) (35-38 years old at the time of execution) was a Pakistani national who was convicted of the 1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia.", "In the incident, Kansi killed two CIA employees and wounded another three.", "He soon fled to Kandahar, Afghanistan, which later became a Taliban stronghold, and went into hiding for four years.", "While in Pakistan, he was caught and arrested by the FBI with help from Pakistani police forces.", "After being returned to the US, he was convicted and sentenced to death.", "He was executed by lethal injection in 2002.", "Background\nKansi was an ethnic Pashtun born on either 10 February or October 22 1964 or 1 January 1967 in Quetta, Pakistan.", "He entered the United States in 1991 under the name Mir Aimal Kansi and brought a substantial sum of cash he had inherited in 1989 on the death of his father.", "He traveled on forged papers that he had purchased in Karachi, Pakistan.", "He had altered his name to \"Kansi\" and later bought a fake US green card in Miami, Florida.", "He stayed with a Kashmiri friend, Zahid Mir, in his Reston, Virginia apartment, and he worked for a courier service.", "That work would be decisive in his choice of target: \"I used to pass this area almost every day and knew these two left-turning lanes [were] mostly people who work for CIA.\"", "According to Kansi, he first began to think of attacking CIA personnel after he bought a Chinese-made AK-47 from a Chantilly, Virginia gun store.", "The plan soon became \"more important than any other thing to [him].\"", "Shootings \n\nOn 25 January 1993, Kansi stopped his borrowed brown Datsun station wagon behind a number of vehicles waiting at a red traffic light on the eastbound side of Route 123, Fairfax County.", "The vehicles were waiting to make a left turn into the main entrance of CIA headquarters.", "Kansi emerged from his vehicle with his semi-automatic Type 56 assault rifle and proceeded to move among the lines of vehicles, firing a total of 10 rounds into them, killing Lansing H. Bennett, 66, and Frank Darling, 28.", "Three others were left with gunshot wounds.", "Darling was shot first and later received additional gunshot wounds to the head after Kansi shot the other victims.", "Kansi returned to his vehicle and drove to a nearby park.", "After 90 minutes of waiting, he realized that he was not being actively sought; he then drove back to his Reston apartment.", "At the time, reports said police were looking for a white male in his twenties and that the shooting was not thought to be directly connected to the CIA.", "He hid the rifle in a green plastic bag under a sofa, went to a McDonald's to eat, and booked himself into a Days Inn for the night.", "The CNN news reports he watched made it clear that police had misidentified his vehicle and did not have his license plate number.", "The next morning, he took a flight to Quetta, Pakistan.", "According to Kansi, he killed CIA employees because, \"I was really angry with the policy of the U.S. government in the Middle East, particularly toward the Palestinian people,\" Kansi said in a prison interview with CNN affiliate WTTG.", "On 16 February 1993, Kansi, then a fugitive, had been charged in absentia.", "The charges involved the capital murder of Darling, the murder of Bennett, and three counts of malicious wounding for the other victims, along with related firearms charges.", "Arrest and rendition \nIn May 1997, an informant walked into the U.S. consulate in Karachi and claimed he could help lead them to Kansi.", "As proof, he showed a copy of a driver's license application made by Kansi under a false name but bearing his photograph.", "Apparently, the people who had been sheltering Kansi wanted the multimillion-dollar reward offer for his capture.", "Kansi stated, \"I want to make it clear [that] the people who tricked me [...] were Pushtuns, they were owners of land in the Leghari and Khosa clan areas in Dera Ghazi Khan, but I will never name them.\"", "As Kansi was in the dangerous Durand Line border region, the informant was told to lure Kansi into Pakistan, where he could be more easily apprehended.", "Kansi was tempted with a lucrative business offer, smuggling Russian electronic goods into Pakistan, which brought him to Dera Ghazi Khan, in the Punjab province of Pakistan, where he checked into a room at the Shalimar Hotel.", "At 4 a.m. on 15 June 1997, an armed team of FBI officers, working with the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence, raided Kansi's hotel room.", "His fingerprints were taken on the scene, confirming his identity.", "Sources disagree as to where Kansi was taken next.", "US authorities claim it was a holding facility run by Pakistani authorities, but Pakistani sources claim it was the US embassy in Islamabad, before he was flown to the U.S. on 17 June in a C-141 transport.", "During the flight, Kansi made a full oral and written confession to the FBI.", "Trial \nDuring Kansi's trial, the defense introduced testimony from Dr. Richard Restak, a neurologist and neuropsychiatrist, that Kansi was missing tissue from his frontal lobes, a congenital defect that made it hard for him to judge the consequence of his actions.", "That testimony was reiterated by another psychiatrist for the defense, based upon independent examination.", "Kansi was tried in front of a jury at the Fairfax County Courthouse in Fairfax, Virginia over a period of ten days in November 1997; he had pleaded not guilty to all charges.", "The jury found him guilty and recommended the death penalty for the capital murder charge.", "On 4 February 1998, Kansi was sentenced to death for the capital murder of Darling, who was shot at the beginning of the attack and again after the other victims had been shot.", "His other sentences of life imprisonment for the first-degree murder of Bennett, a 60-year sentence for the three malicious woundings, and fines totaling $600,000 were rendered moot by his execution.", "Execution and burial\nKansi was executed by lethal injection on 14 November 2002, at Greensville Correctional Center, in Jarratt, Virginia.", "Kansi's body was repatriated to Pakistan; his funeral was attended by the entire civil hierarchy of Balochistan, the local Pakistan Army Corps Commander and the Pakistani Ambassador to the United States, Ashraf Jahangir Qazi.", "See also \n Capital punishment in the United States\n Capital punishment in Virginia\n List of people executed in Virginia\n\nReferences\n\n1964 births\n2002 deaths\n20th-century criminals\n21st-century executions by Virginia\nCentral Intelligence Agency\nExecuted assassins\nExecuted Pakistani people\nFBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives\nFugitives\nPakistani people convicted of murder\nPakistani people executed abroad\nPeople convicted of murder by Virginia\nPeople executed by Virginia by lethal injection\nPeople executed for murder\nPeople from Quetta\nUniversity of Balochistan alumni" ]

[ "Aimal Kansi, a Pakistan national who was convicted of the 1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia, died on November 14, 2002, at the age of 38.", "Two CIA employees were killed and three others were wounded by Kansi.", "He went into hiding for four years after fleeing to Afghanistan, which became a Taliban stronghold.", "He was arrested by the FBI in Pakistan with the help of the police.", "He was sentenced to death after being returned to the US.", "He was put to death in 2002.", "Kansi was an ethnic Pashtun who was born in Pakistan on either 10 February or October 22 1964.", "He entered the United States under the name Mir Aimal Kansi in 1991 and brought with him a large amount of cash that he had inherited from his father in 1989.", "He traveled on forged papers.", "He bought a fake US green card after changing his name.", "He stayed with a Kashmiri friend, Zahid Mir, in his apartment in Virginia.", "\"I used to pass this area almost every day and knew these two left-turning lanes were mostly people who work for CIA,\" he said.", "After buying a Chinese-made AK-47 from a Virginia gun store, Kansi began to think of attacking CIA personnel.", "The plan was more important to him than any other thing.", "Kansi stopped his station wagon behind a group of vehicles waiting at a traffic light on the side of Route 123 in Fairfax County.", "The vehicles were waiting to make a left turn.", "Kansi emerged from his vehicle with his semi-automatic Type 56 assault rifle and proceeded to move among the lines of vehicles, firing a total of 10 rounds into them, killing two men.", "Three people were shot.", "After Kansi shot the other victims, Darling was shot in the head.", "Kansi drove to the park.", "After 90 minutes of waiting, he realized that he wasn't being actively sought.", "Reports said that the shooting was not connected to the CIA and that police were looking for a white male in his twenties.", "He hid the rifle under a sofa, went to a Mcdonald's and booked himself into a hotel for the night.", "The news reports he watched made it clear that police had misidentified his vehicle and did not have his license plate number.", "He flew to Pakistan the next day.", "According to Kansi, he killed CIA employees because he was angry with the U.S. government in the Middle East.", "On February 16, 1993, Kansi was charged in absentia.", "The charges included the capital murder of Darling, the murder of Bennett, and three counts of malicious wounding for the other victims.", "In May 1997, an Informant walked into the U.S. consulate in Karachi and claimed to be able to lead them to Kansi.", "He showed a copy of Kansi's driver's license application that had his photograph on it.", "The people who had sheltered Kansi wanted a multimillion dollar reward for his capture.", "The people who tricked me were Pushtuns, but I will never name them.", "When Kansi was in the Durand Line border region, he was told to go to Pakistan, where he could be more easily caught.", "He checked into a room at the Shalimar Hotel in Dera Ghazi Khan in the Punjab province of Pakistan after being offered a lucrative business offer.", "Kansi's hotel room was raided by an armed team of FBI officers working with the Pakistan Inter-Services Intelligence.", "His fingerprints were taken to confirm his identity.", "Sources don't agree on where Kansi was taken next.", "He was flown to the U.S. on 17 June in a C-141 transport after US authorities claimed it was a holding facility run by Pakistan.", "Kansi made a full confession to the FBI during the flight.", "Kansi had a congenital defect that made it hard for him to judge the consequences of his actions.", "The testimony was repeated by another Psychiatrist for the defense.", "In November 1997, Kansi was tried in front of a jury at the Fairfax County Courthouse in Fairfax, Virginia, and he pleaded not guilty to all charges.", "He was found guilty and the jury recommended the death penalty.", "On February 4, 1998 Kansi was sentenced to death for the capital murder of Darling, who was shot at the beginning of the attack and again after the other victims had been shot.", "His other sentences of life imprisonment for the first-degree murder of Bennett, a 60-year sentence for the three malicious woundings, and fines totaling $600,000 were rendered useless by his execution.", "Kansi was executed by lethal injection on November 14, 2002.", "The Pakistan Army Corps Commander and the Pakistan Ambassador to the United States attended the funeral of Kansi.", "The list of people executed in Virginia includes 20th-century criminals and the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives." ]

[ "Aimal Kansi", "Kansi", "Mir Aimal", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Mir", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi" ]

[ "Aimal Kansi", "Kansi", "Mir Aimal", "Kansi", "Mir", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi", "Kansi" ]

[ "Simon Stock, an Englishman who lived in the 13th century, was an early Prior of the Carmelite religious order.", "Little is known about his life with any historical certainty.", "The Blessed Virgin Mary is traditionally said to have appeared to him and given him the Carmelite habit, the Brown Scapular.", "Thus, popular devotion to Simon Stock is usually associated with devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel.", "Life\nThe Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel had their origins as a Christian hermit community in Palestine; with the enfeebling and fall of the Crusader Kingdoms and the resumption of Muslim rule, in the early 13th century the members moved to Europe where they became mendicant friars.", "Simon was born in England and became an early leader of the Order soon after it migrated to that country.", "Historical evidence about Simon's life comes primarily from medieval catalogues of saints and of Carmelite priors general, which are not consistent with one another in their details.", "The earliest of these describe Simon as someone known for holiness during his life, and miracles attested to this after his death.", "He is said to have died in Bordeaux on May 16, though the year is not documented.", "The surname \"Stock\" appears in some documents but not in others, and is related to a story that Simon lived for a time in a hollow tree (\"stock\" meant tree trunk) before the arrival of the Carmelites in England, in keeping with prophetic tradition.", "He is believed to have lived at Aylesford in Kent, a place that hosted in 1247 the first general chapter of the Carmelite Order held outside the Holy Land, and where there is still a monastery of Carmelite friars.", "Simon was probably the fifth or sixth prior general of the Carmelites (historical evidence suggests perhaps from about 1256–1266).", "During his service, the order spread widely in southern and western Europe, especially in England.", "Stock is credited with founding houses in the university cities of that era, as in 1248 at Cambridge, in 1253 at Oxford, in 1260 at Paris and Bologna.", "This action was important for both the growth of the institution and for the training of its younger members.", "Stock lived an ascetic life.", "He lived on a diet of herbs, roots and wild apples and drank only water.", "He died in Bordeaux, France, where he was buried.", "The earliest extant liturgical office in Simon Stock's honour was composed in Bordeaux in France, and dates from 1435.", "Liturgies are first known to have been celebrated in Ireland and England in 1458, and throughout the Carmelite Order in 1564.", "His feast day, an optional memorial, is May 16.", "Simon's bones are still preserved in a cathedral in Bordeaux; a tibia was brought to England in the 1860s for the Carmelite church in Kensington, a part of the skull was enshrined at Aylesford in 1950.", "Simon Stock is the patron saint of the English province of Discalced Carmelites.", "Brown Scapular\n\nThe earliest accounts of Simon's life do not mention him having a vision.", "The first such reference dates from the late 14th century, over 100 years after the July 16, 1251 date when tradition says the vision occurred.", "It states that \"St. Simon was an Englishman, a man of great holiness and devotion, who always in his prayers asked the Virgin to favour his Order with some singular privilege.", "The Virgin appeared to him holding the Scapular in her hand.", "In its original context, the meaning of this promise was that Carmelite religious who persevered in their vocation would be saved.", "Beginning in the 16th century, the Carmelites began giving the Brown Scapular to lay people who wanted to be affiliated with the Order, and it became increasingly popular as a religious article.", "Scholarly investigation into historical source documents has raised questions about whether Simon Stock's vision actually happened, or if this tradition about him arose later, perhaps as a means of expressing in the form of a story, the strongly held Carmelite spiritual belief in the favor and protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "Several other religious orders in the Middle Ages had similar stories of Mary giving their habit or promising protection.", "The great Carmelite authors of the 14th century do not mention the scapular at all.", "Challenges to the historicity of the scapular vision (and passionate defenses of it) are not a new phenomenon; a notable challenge came in 1653, from a scholar at the University of Paris, Jean de Launoy.", "In response, a Carmelite named John Cheron published a fragment of a letter which he purported to be an account by Simon Stock's secretary Peter Swanington (or Swanyngton), giving details of Simon's life, and the scapular vision.", "This document was also the origin of the date that has become traditional for the vision, July 16, 1251 (July 16 was already in the 17th century the feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, though that liturgy made no reference to the scapular).", "Today, scholars affirm that this document was a forgery and Cheron himself the likely author.", "Shortly after Vatican II, the historical uncertainties revealed by 20th-century scholars such as Ludovico Saggi, of the \"Institutum Carmelitanum\" in Rome, resulted in the Catholic Church briefly striking the feast day of Simon Stock from the Carmelite liturgical calendar.", "It was restored in 1979 as an optional memorial, on the condition that no mention be made of the scapular vision.", "Devotion to the Brown Scapular remains widespread and recommended by the Catholic Church.", "The Carmelites continue to find meaning in the traditional story and iconography of Simon Stock receiving the scapular, particularly as reflecting their filial relationship with Mary.", "When Pope John Paul II addressed the Carmelite family in 2001 on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the bestowal of the Scapular, he said that \"Over time this rich Marian heritage of Carmel has become, through the spread of the Holy Scapular devotion, a treasure for the whole Church.", "By its simplicity, its anthropological value and its relationship to Mary's role in regard to the Church and humanity, this devotion was so deeply and widely accepted by the People of God that it came to be expressed in the memorial of 16 July on the liturgical calendar of the universal Church,\" the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.", "See also\nScapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel\nCarmelites\nBook of the First Monks\nConstitutions of the Carmelite Order\nCarmelite Rite\nHermit\nSt Simon Stock Catholic School\nCincture of the Theotokos relic associated with St. Thomas in the Eastern Orthodox Church\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links \n\nButler's Lives of the Saints: St. Simon Stock\n \n\nCarmelites\nPriors General of the Order of Carmelites\nVenerated Carmelites\nMedieval Kent\nPeople from Aylesford\nMarian visionaries\nOur Lady of Mount Carmel\n13th-century Christian saints\nMedieval English saints\n1265 deaths\nEnglish Roman Catholic saints\nEnglish saints\nYear of birth unknown\nEnglish hermits\n13th-century English people" ]

[ "Simon Stock was an Englishman who lived in the 13th century.", "There is no historical certainty about his life.", "The Carmelite habit is said to have been given to him by the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "The devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel is associated with popular devotion to Simon Stock.", "The Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel became mendicant in Europe after the fall of the Crusader Kingdoms in the early 13th century.", "Simon was an early leader of the Order after it migrated to England.", "Historical evidence about Simon's life comes from medieval catalogues of saints and Carmelite priors general, which are not consistent with one another.", "Simon was known for holiness during his life, and there were many miracles after his death.", "He is said to have died in Bordeaux on May 16.", "The name \"Stock\" appears in some documents but not in others, and is related to a story that Simon lived in a hollow tree before the arrival of the Carmelites in England, in keeping with prophetic tradition.", "He is thought to have lived at Aylesford in Kent, where the first general chapter of the Carmelite Order was held outside the Holy Land.", "Historical evidence suggests that Simon was the fifth or sixth general of the Carmelites.", "The order spread throughout southern and western Europe.", "Stock is credited with founding houses in Cambridge, Oxford, and Paris in the 1260s.", "This action was important for both the growth of the institution and the training of its younger members.", "Stock lived an austere life.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "He was buried in Bordeaux.", "The first liturgical office in Simon Stock's honor was in Bordeaux, France.", "In 1458, liturgy was celebrated in Ireland and England, and throughout the Carmelite Order in 1564.", "May 16 is his feast day.", "Simon's bones are in a cathedral in Bordeaux, a tibia was brought to England in the 1860s and a part of the skull was put in Aylesford in 1950.", "The English province of Discalced Carmelites has a patron saint named Simon Stock.", "The earliest accounts of Simon's life don't mention a vision.", "Over 100 years after the July 16, 1251 date when tradition says the vision occurred, the first reference dates from the late 14th century.", "St. Simon was an Englishman, a man of great holiness and devotion, who always in his prayers asked the Virgin to favour his Order with some singular privilege.", "The Virgin held the Scapular in her hand.", "The original meaning of this promise was that Carmelite religious who persevered in their vocation would be saved.", "The Brown Scapular became popular as a religious article after the Carmelites began giving it to lay people who wanted to be affiliated with the Order.", "There are questions about whether Simon Stock's vision actually happened, or if this tradition about him arose later, perhaps as a means of expressing in the form of a story, the strongly held Carmelite spiritual belief in the favor and protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "The stories of Mary giving her habit or promising protection were common among religious orders in the Middle Ages.", "The scapular is not mentioned by the great Carmelite authors of the 14th century.", "A challenge to the historicity of the scapular vision came in 1653 from a scholar at the University of Paris.", "In response, a Carmelite named John Cheron published a fragment of a letter which he purported to be an account by Peter Swanington, who was Simon Stock's secretary.", "July 16 was already in the 17th century the feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, but that liturgy made no reference to the scapular.", "According to scholars, this document was a forgery and Cheron was the likely author.", "After Vatican II, the historical uncertainties revealed by 20th-century scholars resulted in the Catholic Church temporarily striking the feast day of Simon Stock.", "The memorial was restored in 1979 on the condition that no mention of the vision was made.", "The Brown Scapular is recommended by the Catholic Church.", "The iconography of Simon Stock receiving the scapular is seen by the Carmelites as reflecting their filial relationship with Mary.", "The Marian heritage of Carmel has become a treasure due to the spread of the Holy Scapular devotion, Pope John Paul II said when he addressed the Carmelite family in 2001.", "By its simplicity, its anthropological value and its relationship to Mary's role in regard to the Church and humanity, this devotion was so deeply and widely accepted by the People of God that it came to be expressed in the memorial of 16 July on the liturgical calendar of the universal Church.", "The Theotokos relic associated with St. Thomas in the Eastern Orthodox Church can be found in the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel." ]

[ "Simon Stock", "Simon Stock", "Simon", "Simon", "Simon", "Stock", "Simon", "Simon", "Stock", "Stock", "Simon Stock", "Simon", "Simon Stock", "Simon", "Simon", "Simon Stock", "Simon Stock", "Simon", "Simon Stock", "Simon Stock", "Simon Stock" ]

[ "Simon Stock", "Simon Stock", "Simon", "Simon", "Simon", "Stock", "Simon", "Simon", "Stock", "Stock", "Simon Stock", "Simon", "Simon Stock", "Simon", "Simon", "Simon Stock", "Simon Stock", "Simon Stock", "Simon Stock" ]

[ "José María Ferrater Mora (; 30 October 1912 – 30 January 1991) was a Catalan philosopher, essayist and writer.", "He is considered the most prominent Catalan philosopher of the 20th-century and was the author of over 35 books, including a four-volume Diccionario de filosofía (Dictionary of Philosophy, 1941) and Being and Death: An Outline of Integrationist Philosophy (1962).", "Subjects he worked on include ontology, history of philosophy, metaphysics, anthropology, the philosophy of history and culture, epistemology, logic, philosophy of science, and ethics.", "He also directed several films.", "Ferrater Mora was known for his inclusion of humans and non-human animals within the same moral sphere, or continuum, arguing that the difference was one of degree, not kind; the Ferrater Mora Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics is named in his honour.", "Biography\nFerrater Mora was born in 1912, in Barcelona, Spain.", "He studied at Santa Maria del Collell, then at the University of Barcelona, where he earned a BA, in 1932, and his BPhil, in 1936.", "During the Spanish Civil War, he enlisted in the Republican Army, serving as an intelligence clerk, before escaping the country in 1939.", "In exile, he spent three months in Paris, before moving to and lecturing in Havana, Cuba and Santiago, Chile.", "After receiving a Guggenheim Fellowship, he moved to the United States, first residing in New York City.", "In 1949, Ferrater Mora was hired by Bryn Mawr College to teach philosophy and Spanish literature, where he worked till his retirement, in 1981.", "He married Priscilla Cohn (his former doctoral student) in 1980.", "Ferrater Mora died from a heart attack, on 30 January 1991, while visiting Barcelona.", "Philosophy\nFerrater Mora is the creator of a philosophical method he called integrationism, with which he sought to integrate opposite systems of thought.", "He argued that irreducible concepts, which are the source of many disputes and divisions in philosophy, do not denote existing realities in themselves but are \"limit concepts\"; that is to say, these \"opposite poles\" do not exist absolutely.", "They exist only as trends or directions of reality and therefore are complementary and are useful to talk about it.", "His philosophical work also focused on questions of an ontological nature.", "He called his ontological position \"monism sui generis\", since it unites monism and pluralism; it is an emergentism in which the elements assemble themselves by virtue of their properties or functions, or properties-functions.", "Each structure, although it depends to exist on the elements that compose it, is not reducible to them because it acquires new properties-functions that cannot be explained based on those of the element.", "The structure also becomes an element for a new structure.", "Self-assembly begins from the physical level to the point where structures acquire more complex properties-functions and of a different order to give rise to a new biological level, and thus the continuum progresses until reaching the social and then the cultural level.", "It is a continuum that does not break and that goes from matter to reason.", "He was one of the first philosophers to introduce applied ethics to the Spanish-speaking world and was a staunch supporter of animal rights.", "His works combine a wide variety of influences, including the Spanish philosophers Miguel de Unamuno, Eugeni d'Ors and José Ortega y Gasset and numerous other representatives of both continental and analytic philosophy.", "Legacy\nIn January 1991, Ferrater Mora made public the decision to donate his personal library to the University of Girona.", "The collection consists of 7,255 books, 156 journal titles and correspondence, with 6,748 letters.", "The correspondence includes letters between Ferrater Mora and his friends, politicians and intellectuals of the time.", "This collection also includes letters from his departure into exile in the 1940s (Cuba, Chile and the United States), until his death in 1991.", "Other documents of interest include related writings, with politics and culture sent by personalities of the time: Xavier Benguerel, Enrique Tierno Galván, Néstor Almendros and Josep Trueta, among many others.", "Founded in 1989, the Ferrater Mora Chair in Contemporary Thought, regularly organizes seminars and lessons on contemporary philosophy.", "In 1982, he was awarded the Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic.", "In 1984, he was awarded the Creu de Sant Jordi of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise.", "In 1985, he was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities.", "In addition to being a numerus clausus member of the International Institute of Philosophy and various academic societies, he belonged to the North American Academy of the Spanish Language.", "See also\n List of animal rights advocates\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\nHorta, Óscar.", "La filosofía moral de J. Ferrater Mora.", "Documenta Universitaria, Girona, 2008.", "External links\n Works by José Ferrater Mora at Internet Archive\n Josep Ferrater Mora Foundation\n Ferrater Mora Collection (University of Girona Library)\n Ferrater Mora Correspondence in the University of Girona DUGi Repository \n Los derechos de los animales (\"Animal rights\"; the first essay on animal rights published in Spain)\n\n1912 births\n1991 deaths\n20th-century Spanish philosophers\nAnimal rights scholars\nAnimal ethicists\nBryn Mawr College faculty\nFilm directors from Catalonia\nNovelists from Catalonia\nPhilosophers from Catalonia\nMoral philosophers\nPeople from Barcelona\nRecipients of Princess of Asturias Awards\nRecipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic\nSpanish essayists\nUniversity of Barcelona alumni" ]

[ "José Mara Ferrater Mora was a Catalan philosopher, essayist and writer.", "He was the most prominent Catalan philosopher of the 20th century and was the author of over 35 books.", "History of philosophy, metaphysics, anthropology, philosophy of history and culture, epistemology, logic, philosophy of science, and ethics are some of the subjects he worked on.", "Several films were directed by him.", "The Ferrater Mora Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics is named after him because he was known for his inclusion of humans and non-human animals within the same moral sphere.", "Ferrater Mora was born in Barcelona, Spain.", "After graduating from Santa Maria del Collell, he went to the University of Barcelona where he earned a degree in 1936.", "He enlisted in the Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War and served as an intelligence clerk before escaping the country in 1939.", "He was in exile for three months before moving to and lecturing in Havana, Cuba and Santiago, Chile.", "He moved to New York City after receiving a Guggenheim fellowship.", "In 1949, Ferrater Mora was hired by the college to teach philosophy and Spanish literature.", "He married his former student in 1980.", "Ferrater Mora died of a heart attack while in Barcelona.", "The creator of a philosophy called integrationism is Ferrater Mora.", "He said that irreducible concepts, which are the source of many disputes and divisions in philosophy, do not denote existing realities in themselves but are limit concepts.", "They are only trends or directions of reality and are useful to talk about.", "His work focused on questions of nature.", "He called his position \"monism sui generis\", since it combines monism and pluralism, and it is an emergentism in which the elements assemble themselves by virtue of their properties or functions.", "The structure is not reducible to the elements because it acquires new properties-functions that can't be explained by the elements.", "The structure becomes part of a new structure.", "Self-assembly begins from the physical level to the point where structures acquire more complex properties-functions and of a different order to give rise to a new biological level, and then the continuum progresses until reaching the social and then the cultural level.", "The continuum goes from matter to reason.", "He was one of the first philosophers to apply applied ethics to the Spanish-speaking world.", "His works have a wide variety of influences, including Spanish philosophers such as Miguel de Unamuno and Eugeni d'Ors, as well as representatives of both continental and analytic philosophy.", "In January 1991, Ferrater Mora decided to donate his personal library to the University of Girona.", "There are 7,255 books, 156 journal titles and 6,748 letters in the collection.", "The letters were written by Ferrater Mora and his friends.", "His departure into exile in the 1940s was included in the collection.", "Other documents of interest include writings related to politics and culture, as well as other documents of interest.", "The Ferrater Mora Chair in Contemporary Thought was founded in 1989.", "The Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic was awarded to him in 1982.", "He received the Creu de Sant Jordi of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise in 1984.", "He received the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in 1985.", "He belonged to the North American Academy of the Spanish Language, as well as being a numerus clausus member of the International Institute of Philosophy.", "See the list of animal rights advocates.", "J. Ferrater Mora has a moral.", "The Documenta Universitaria is located in Girona.", "There are External links to works by Josep Ferrater Mora at the Internet Archive." ]

[ "José María Ferrater Mora", "Ferrater Mora", "Ferrater Mora", "Ferrater Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "José Ortega", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", ". Ferrater", "Mora", "José Ferrater", "Mora" ]

[ "José Mara Ferrater Mora", "Ferrater Mo", "Ferrater Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", ". Ferrater", "Mora", "Ferrater", "Mora" ]

[ "Jesper Ringsborg Christiansen (born 24 April 1978) is a former Danish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.", "He is currently the goalkeeper coach and caretaker manager of Fremad Amager.", "He has previously played for Danish Superliga clubs Odense BK, Vejle BK, Viborg FF, and F.C.", "Copenhagen, winning four Superliga championships and two Danish Cup trophies with F.C.", "Copenhagen.", "He has also played for Scottish Premier League club Rangers.", "Christiansen was named the 2005, 2006 and 2007 Danish Goalkeeper of the Year.", "He has played 11 games for the Denmark national team, and represented Denmark at the 2002 and 2010 FIFA World Cup tournaments as an unused understudy of Thomas Sørensen.", "Club career\n\nDanish breakthrough\nBorn in Roskilde, Christiansen competed with later national team player Peter Madsen to be the best forward on Zealand in his teenage years.", "At 17, he did not want the life of a professional footballer, and chose to play amateur football in Serie 3, the fourth lowest level of Danish football.", "For fun, he tried playing the position of goalkeeper, in which position he caught the attention of higher ranking clubs.", "Roskilde B 1906 offered him a contract in 1997, and he was Roskilde's goalkeeper for one season, before he followed his coach to Ølstykke FC.", "In 1998, he moved to Odense Boldklub (OB) in the second tier of Danish football, the Danish 1st Division.", "He helped OB win promotion to the top-flight Danish Superliga, where he got his national breakthrough.", "When OB legend Lars Høgh retired in January 2000, a string of strong displays by Christiansen showed a strong temper and good reflexes.", "He looked the long term replacement of Lars Høgh, though Christiansen never got the chance to make a decent bid for Høgh's record 817 games for OB.", "As Scottish club Rangers suffered injuries in their goalkeeping staff, the search for replacements turned to Christiansen, who was eager to move abroad at 22 years of age.", "On the bench in Glasgow\nIn Glasgow, he played alongside fellow Dane Peter Løvenkrands, with whom he became good friends, and he played a handful of games in his first time at Rangers, including a few outings in the UEFA Champions League.", "His league debut was a 3–0 home defeat to Kilmarnock.", "When first choice goalkeeper Stefan Klos returned from his injury, he once again took control of the goalkeeper spot.", "Christiansen could not force his way into the starting line-up, and he was put on loan.", "His first loan deal with Danish Superliga club Vejle Boldklub in 2001 was a personal success for Christiansen.", "Though Vejle was relegated to the 1st Division, he was called up to the Danish national team.", "After the period in Vejle, Christiansen was loaned out to VfL Wolfsburg.", "This period was one of the worst in his career, the result being that he was dropped from the national team.", "He did not play a single first team game for Wolfsburg, and did not make many friends in Germany.", "Christiansen later said he would rather warm the bench at Rangers, than in Wolfsburg.", "Danish success\nIn the winter transfer window of the 2003–04 Superliga season, Christiansen returned to Denmark once more to play for Viborg FF, following a string of goalkeeper switches; former Viborg goalkeeper Arek Onyszko moving to Odense BK, replacing Karim Zaza who had transferred to Brøndby IF.", "At Viborg, Christiansen showed the impressive form that he had displayed for Odense and Vejle once more.", "Following one and a half year at Viborg, Christiansen moved to F.C.", "Copenhagen (FCK) in the summer of 2005.", "At FCK, he was assigned the no.", "1 jersey as the club's first choice for the goalkeeping position.", "His debut in the FCK-jersey came on 20 July 2005, keeping a clean sheet as AaB were defeated 1–0 at Aalborg Stadion in Aalborg.", "In the autumn 2006, he was an important part of FCK's participation in the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League, producing many great saves.", "This brought renewed interest from foreign clubs, as he and teammate Michael Silberbauer were both rumoured on their way to English club Everton in the 2006 winter transfer window.", "The transfer never materialized, and in January 2007, Christiansen expressed his desire to further his career by moving to a club in a bigger league, but a new five-year contract cancelled every rumour.", "In the opening match of the 2007–08 season, against FC Nordsjælland at Farum Park, Christiansen was close to score on a header, as it hit the inside of the post, and was parried by Nordsjælland keeper Kim Christensen, after a corner kick deep into extra time.", "In May 2008 he was linked with a £1 million move to West Bromwich Albion.", "For the 2009–10 season, FCK bought Johan Wiland as a backup.", "When Christiansen was injured against Brøndby IF in the seventh Superliga game of the season, Wiland replaced him with such success that Christiansen was permanently demoted to the bench.", "Media reports suggested he wanted a transfer, and when FCK bought Kim Christensen as a new backup keeper in the Summer 2010, Christiansen was expected to leave the club.", "He signed for IF Elfsborg of the Allsvenskan championship in June 2010.\n\nInternational career\nDuring his time with Vejle, Christiansen was called up for the senior national team by national team manager Morten Olsen.", "He was chosen for the Danish squad at the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan as a backup for starting national team goalkeeper Thomas Sørensen, and was an unused substitute throughout the tournament.", "In his time at Viborg, Christiansen was recalled to the Danish national team, and made his national team debut on 2 June 2005, in a 1–0 friendly match win against Finland.", "He played his second game in October 2005, when he came on as a substitute in a 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification 2–1 win against Kazakhstan.", "He quickly established himself as an understudy for Thomas Sørensen, and made a number of appearances at times when Sørensen was injured.", "Before the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Christiansen lacked playing time at FCK, and found himself in contention with Kim Christensen for the spot as third goalkeeper in the squad for the finals.", "Eventually Morten Olsen chose Christiansen for his team, and he spent his time at the tournament as an unused substitute.", "Coaching career\nAfter Christiansen left Vendsyssel FF in the summer 2017, he was officially announced as the new assistant manager of Danish 1st Division club AB.", "In January 2018, he left AB to become goalkeeper coach at Fremad Amager.", "In 2019, he also functioned as assistant manager for a short period.", "On 15 July 2019, it was announced, that Christiansen had left Fremad Amager because he wanted to stay closer to his family and then became the new goalkeeper coach of Viborg FF.", "In November 2019, Christiansen was on the bench for Viborg in three games, after first keeper, Ellery Balcombe, was banned with a red card and the third and fourth choices was out with injuries, which left Viborg with only Ingvar Jónsson who was able to play.", "On 13 July 2020, Fremad Amager announced that Christiansen had returned to the club.", "Career statistics\n\nHonours\nOB\n Viasat Divisionen: 1998–99\n\nF.C.", "Copenhagen\n Danish Superliga: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10\n Danish Cup: 2008–09\n\nIndividual\n Danish Goalkeeper of the Year: 2005, 2006, 2007\n Danish Team of the Year: 2005, 2006, 2007\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCareer stats, by Danmarks Radio\n\nDanish Superliga statistics\n\n1978 births\nLiving people\nPeople from Roskilde\nDanish footballers\nAssociation football goalkeepers\nDenmark international footballers\nDenmark under-21 international footballers\n2002 FIFA World Cup players\n2010 FIFA World Cup players\nDanish Superliga players\nDanish 2nd Division players\nScottish Premier League players\nAllsvenskan players\nØlstykke FC players\nOdense Boldklub players\nRangers F.C.", "players\nVejle Boldklub players\nVfL Wolfsburg players\nViborg FF players\nF.C.", "Copenhagen players\nIF Elfsborg players\nDanish expatriate footballers\nDanish expatriate sportspeople in Scotland\nExpatriate footballers in Scotland\nDanish expatriate sportspeople in Germany\nExpatriate footballers in Germany\nDanish expatriate sportspeople in Sweden\nExpatriate footballers in Sweden\nDanish 1st Division managers" ]

[ "Jesper Ringsborg Christiansen is a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.", "He is the interim manager of Amager.", "He has played for several clubs in the Superliga.", "F.C. won four Superliga titles and two Danes Cup titles.", "The city of Copenhagen.", "He played for Rangers.", "The Danes named Christiansen the Goalkeeper of the Year three times.", "He was an unused understudy for Thomas Srensen in the 2002 and 2010 World Cup tournaments.", "Christiansen competed with Peter Madsen to be the best forward on Zealand in his teenage years.", "He didn't want the life of a professional footballer and chose to play amateur football in the fourth lowest level of football.", "In order to have fun, he tried playing the position of goalkeeper, which caught the attention of higher ranking clubs.", "He followed his coach to lstykke FC after being offered a contract by Roskilde B in 1997.", "He moved to the second tier of football in the country, the 1st Division, in 1998.", "OB got his national breakthrough when he was promoted to the top-flight Danish Superliga.", "A string of strong displays by Christiansen showed a strong temper and good reflexes when OB legend Lars Hgh retired in 2000.", "Christiansen never got the chance to make a decent bid for Hgh's record, though he looked like the long term replacement.", "Christiansen, who was eager to move abroad at 22 years of age, was the replacement for Rangers goalkeeping staff who were injured.", "He played a few games for Rangers in his first season, and became good friends with Peter Lvenkrands, who he played on the bench with in Glasgow.", "His league debut was a loss.", "When he came back from his injury, he once again took control of the goalkeeper spot.", "Christiansen was put on loan because he couldn't force his way into the starting line-up.", "Christiansen's first loan deal with a club was a success.", "Vejle was called up to the national team after being demoted to the 1st Division.", "Christiansen was sent to VfL Wolfsburg after the period in Vejle.", "He was dropped from the national team after this period, which was one of the worst in his career.", "He didn't make many friends in Germany and didn't play a single first team game.", "Christiansen said he would rather warm the bench at Rangers.", "The winter transfer window of the 2003– 2004 Superliga season saw the return of Christiansen to his former club, after a string of goalkeeper changes.", "Christiansen showed the form that he had displayed for Odense and Vejle once more.", "Christiansen moved to F.C. after one and a half years at Viborg.", "The FCK was in the summer of 2005.", "He was assigned the no. at FCK.", "The first choice for the goalkeeping position was the 1 jersey.", "On July 20, 2005, he made his FCK jersey debut, keeping a clean sheet as AaB were defeated 1–0 at Aalborg Stadion.", "He was an important part of FCK's participation in the 2006–07.", "In the winter of 2006 there was renewed interest from foreign clubs, as he and teammate Michael Silberbauer were both rumored to be going to English clubEverton.", "In January 2007, Christiansen expressed his desire to move to a club in a bigger league, but a new five-year contract canceled every rumour.", "Christiansen was close to scoring when he hit the inside of the post, but it was parried by the keeper of FC Nordsjlland.", "He was linked with a million dollar move to West Bromwich in May of 2008.", "FCK bought a backup for the season.", "Christiansen was demoted to the bench after he was injured in the seventh Superliga game of the season.", "Christiansen was expected to leave FCK in the summer of 2010 after media reports suggested he wanted a transfer.", "Christiansen was called up for the senior national team by the manager of the team.", "He was an unused substitute in the 2002 World Cup in South Korea and Japan as a backup to Thomas Srensen.", "Christiansen made his national team debut on June 2, 2005, in a 1–0 friendly match win against the Finns.", "He played his second game in October 2005, when he came on as a substitute in a 2006 World Cup qualification win.", "When Thomas Srensen was injured, he made a number of appearances as an understudy.", "Before the 2010 World Cup, Christiansen was without playing time at FCK, and found himself in contention with Kim Christensen for the spot as third goalkeeper in the squad for the finals.", "Christiansen spent his time at the tournament as an unused substitute.", "In the summer of 2017, Christiansen was announced as the new assistant manager of the club.", "He became the goalkeeper coach at Fremad Amager in January of last year.", "He was an assistant manager in 2019.", "On July 15, it was announced that Christiansen had left Fremad Amager to become the new goalkeeper coach of Viborg FF.", "After first keeper, Ellery Balcombe, was banned with a red card and the third and fourth choices were out with injuries, Christiansen was on the bench for three games.", "Christiansen returned to the club on July 13, 2020.", "Statistics for OB Viasat Divisionen: 1998–99 F.C.", "The Danes won the Superliga in 2005 and 2006 and the Danes won the Cup in 2008 and 2009.", "VfL Wolfsburg players and F.C. players.", "Expatriate sportspeople in Scotland, Germany, and Sweden are players in the 1st Division." ]

[ "Jesper Ringsborg Christiansenema", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen" ]

[ "Jesper Ringsborg Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen", "Christiansen" ]

[ "Travis Hutson (born October 3, 1984) is a Republican member of the Florida Senate, representing the 7th district, which includes Flagler, St. Johns, and northern Volusia County, since 2016.", "He previously represented the 6th district from 2015 to 2016.", "Hutson also served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2012 until he was elected to the Senate.", "History\nHutson was born in Jacksonville, and attended Pedro Menendez High School in southern St. Johns County, and then graduated from Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, where he met his wife and received a degree in economics.", "After graduating, he began work as a real estate agent, overseeing \"the agricultural portfolio for his family's private real estate investment business, the Hutson Companies.\"", "Florida Legislature\nIn 2012, following the reconfiguration of the Florida House of Representatives districts, Hutson opted to run in the newly created 24th District.", "He won the Republican primary unopposed, and faced St. Johns County Commissioner Milissa Holland, the Democratic nominee, and Michael Cornish, an independent candidate, in the general election.", "The Florida Democratic Party supported Holland in the election, and sent out a mailer attacking Hutson for supporting the privatization of Medicare, which declared, \"Travis Hutson, don't make our Medicare your voucher\"; Hutson responded by noting, \"It is unfortunate that [Democrats] are stretching my support for Governor Romney to mean I share all of his positions on issues, and further, it is outrageous that they are attempting to scare seniors over an issue that the state legislature doesn't control.\"", "In the end, Hutson ended up narrowly defeating Holland, winning 49% of the vote to her 47% and Cornish's 3%.", "Hutson was re-elected in 2014 to his second term in the House without opposition.", "Florida Senate\nWhen State Senator John E. Thrasher announced that he would resign from the legislature to serve as the President of Florida State University, a special election was held to replace him.", "Hutson announced that he would run, as did fellow State Representative Ronald Renuart, and both submitted their resignations from the Florida House.", "They were joined in the primary by Dennis McDonald, a former candidate for the Flagler County Commission.", "Hutson started out with a significant financial advantage over Renuart after he transferred $300,000 from his House re-election campaign to his Senate campaign, and portrayed himself as the \"true Conservative\" in the race, noting his experience in the legislature of passing legislation on the economy and public safety.", "He campaigned on his opposition to legal gambling, noting that the communities around casinos \"suffer tremendously,\" and on job creation, promising to directly lobby businesses to move into the district.", "During the campaign, Hutson was endorsed by State Attorney R. J. Larizza of the 7th Judicial Circuit, St. Johns County Sheriff David Shoar, Volusia County Sheriff Ben Johnson, and Commissioner of Agriculture Adam Putnam.", "Renuart, meanwhile, was endorsed by the Florida Times-Union, which praised Renuart's strong resume, and commended Hutson for his hard work on a number of issues.", "The Times-Union noted that, if not for Hutson's \"extreme views on Medicaid,\" their endorsement would have been \"a close call.\"", "Despite a tightly-fought campaign, Hutson ended up defeating his opponents by a wide margin, winning 52% of the vote to Renuart's 35% and McDonald's 13%.", "Advancing to the general election, Hutson was opposed by David Cox, the Democratic nominee and a 2014 congressional candidate.", "Hutson campaigned on his support for legislation that would allow concealed-carry on college campuses, on his opposition to Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and on his ability to work with both parties.", "The St. Augustine Record, though praising Cox's strength as a candidate, endorsed Hutson for his experience in the legislature and on his deep knowledge of the issues.", "This time, Hutson was endorsed by the Times-Union, which observed, \"[O]n issues other than expanding Medicaid — which he's regrettably refused to support as long as it involves the use of tax dollars — Hutson has actually been pretty reasonable and thoughtful.\"", "They specifically cited his support for closing loopholes on sexual predators, efficiently funding mental illness programs, and opening the Ocklawaha River.", "Once again, Hutson emerged victorious, defeating Cox in a landslide with nearly 70% of the vote.", "Hutson's district was reconfigured and renumbered after court-ordered redistricting in 2016.", "After Donald Trump lost the 2020 election and refused to concede while making false claims of fraud, Hutson and other Republicans proposed changes to restrict voting rights in Florida.", "The proposed changes to restrict mail-in voting were notable given that Republicans had traditionally voted by mail more than Democrats, but Democrats outvoted Republicans by mail in 2020.", "There was no evidence of widespread fraud in U.S. elections or in Florida elections.", "Hutson defended the restrictions on voting, saying \"I believe one fraudulent vote is one too many.", "And I’m trying to protect the sanctity of our elections.\"", "A bill in the 2022 session by Northeast Florida Sen. Travis Hutson would sharply limit homeowners' ability to file construction defect claims for hidden structural flaws.", "Senate Bill 736 dramatically reduces the time a home builder is responsible for construction defects.", "For single family homes, it cuts that time in half – from 10 years to five.", "It makes no exceptions for intentional fraud, or for violations of building and fire safety codes.", "Hutson’s father is a prominent Northeast Florida home builder.", "The Hutson Companies is currently building the massive SilverLeaf project in St. Johns County, which is ultimately expected to have more than 16,000 homes and 45 acres of retail space.", "Huston also works for the company him self.", "If passed the bill would protect Huston's family and other builders in Florida making it easier for them to cut corners in construction and evade liability for violating building codes.", "This proposal from Huston comes less than a year after the Surfside Condominium collapsed due to latent defects.", "Families of the victims of the Surfside collapse are opposing the bill.", "References\n\nExternal links\nFlorida Senate - Travis Hutson\nTravis Hutson for Florida Senate\n\n1984 births\nLiving people\nLafayette College alumni\nMembers of the Florida House of Representatives\nFlorida state senators\nFlorida Republicans\n21st-century American politicians" ]

[ "Hutson is a Republican member of the Florida Senate, representing the 7th district, which includes Flagler, St. John's, and northern Volusia County.", "He was in the 6th district from 2015 to 2016", "From 2012 until he was elected to the Senate, Hutson was a member of the Florida House of Representatives.", "He graduated from Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, with a degree in economics, after he met his wife.", "He began work as a real estate agent after graduating, overseeing the agricultural portfolio for his family's private real estate investment business.", "Following the reconfiguration of the Florida House of Representatives districts, Hutson decided to run in the newly created 24th District.", "He won the Republican primary and will face Holland and Cornish in the general election.", "The Florida Democratic Party supported Holland in the election, and sent out a mailer attacking Hutson for supporting the privatization of Medicare.", "In the end, Hutson won with 49% of the vote to Holland's 47% and Cornish's 3%.", "In his second term in the House, Hutson was re-elected without opposition.", "A special election was held to replace John E. Thrasher, who resigned from the legislature to become the President of Florida State University.", "Hutson and Renuart both submitted their resignations from the Florida House.", "Dennis McDonald was a former candidate for the Flagler County Commission.", "After transferring $300,000 from his House re-election campaign to his Senate campaign, Hutson was able to portray himself as the true Conservative in the race, noting his experience in the legislature of passing legislation on the economy and public safety.", "He promised to lobby businesses to move into the district if he were elected, noting that the communities around casinos suffer greatly.", "The State Attorney of the 7th Judicial Circuit endorsed Hutson during the campaign.", "The Florida Times-Union praised Renuart's strong resume and praised Hutson for his hard work on a number of issues.", "The endorsement would have been a close call if it weren't for Hutson's views on Medicaid.", "Despite a tightly-fought campaign, Hutson was able to defeat his opponents by a wide margin.", "David Cox, the Democratic nominee and a congressional candidate, opposed Hutson's advancement to the general election.", "Legislation that would allow concealed-carry on college campuses, his opposition to Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection andAffordable Care Act, and his ability to work with both parties were all supported by Hutson.", "The Record endorsed Hutson for his experience in the legislature and deep knowledge of the issues, even though they praised Cox's strength as a candidate.", "According to the Times-Union, Hutson has been pretty reasonable and thoughtful in his stance on issues other than expanding Medicaid, which he's unfortunately refused to support as long as it involves the use of tax dollars.", "They cited his support for closing loopholes on sexual predators and opening the Ocklawaha River.", "Hutson defeated Cox with 70% of the vote.", "The district was renumbered after the court ordered it to do so.", "After Donald Trump lost the 2020 election and refused to concede while making false claims of fraud, Hutson and other Republicans proposed changes to restrict voting rights in Florida.", "Democrats outvoted Republicans by mail in 2020 and the proposed changes to restrict mail-in voting were notable.", "There was no evidence of widespread fraud in the elections.", "One fraudulent vote is too many according to Hutson.", "I am trying to protect the integrity of our elections.", "The bill by Sen. Hutson would limit the ability of homeowners to file construction defect claims.", "The time a home builder is responsible for construction defects is reduced by the Senate Bill.", "It cuts that time in half for single family homes.", "There are no exceptions for intentional fraud or violations of building and fire safety codes.", "The father of Hutson is a home builder.", "More than 16,000 homes and 45 acres of retail space are expected to be built in the SilverLeaf project by The Hutson Companies.", "He also works for the company.", "The bill would make it easier for builders in Florida to cut corners and avoid liability for violating building codes.", "Less than a year ago, the Surfside Condominium collapsed due to defects.", "The families of the Surfside collapse victims are against the bill.", "There are external links to the Florida Senate and the Florida House of Representatives." ]

[ "Travis Hutson", "Hutson", "History Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Travis Huts", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Travis Huts", "Hutson", "Travis Hutson", "Travis Huts" ]

[ "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson", "Hutson" ]

[ "Gustavo Augusto Poyet Domínguez (; born 15 November 1967) is a Uruguayan professional football manager and former footballer.", "He is currently the head coach of the Greek national football team.", "Poyet played as a midfielder and began his career with short spells at Grenoble and River Plate.", "He then spent seven years at Real Zaragoza, with whom he won the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.", "In 1997, Poyet moved to Chelsea on a free transfer and helped the club win the FA Cup and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.", "In 2001, he moved to Tottenham Hotspur, where he saw out the remainder of his career.", "He was also part of the Uruguay side which won the 1995 Copa América.", "After his playing career ended, Poyet moved into coaching.", "He served as assistant manager to Dennis Wise at Swindon Town and Leeds United, and Juande Ramos at Tottenham Hotspur.", "In November 2009, Poyet was appointed manager of Brighton & Hove Albion and in his first full season led the club to promotion as League One Champions, for which he was named League One Manager of the Year by the LMA.", "In October 2013 he was hired by Premier League team Sunderland and guided them to the League Cup Final in his first season, but was sacked in March 2015 after a poor run of results.", "He later had spells at Superleague Greece side AEK Athens, La Liga club Real Betis, Chinese Super League team Shanghai Shenhua, Bordeaux of Ligue 1, and Universidad Católica in Chile.", "Playing career\n\nClub career\nBorn in Montevideo, a goalscoring midfielder, he began his career with spells at Grenoble and River Plate.", "Poyet moved to Real Zaragoza in 1990; winning the Copa del Rey in 1994 and the Cup Winners' Cup a year later, beating Arsenal in the final.", "He became Zaragoza's longest-serving foreign player, and scored 60 goals in 240 games for the club.", "Poyet joined Chelsea on a free transfer in June 1997.", "Not long into his first season at the London club, he suffered cruciate ligament damage, this meant he missed the victorious 1998 Football League Cup Final but recovered to play in the team's successful Cup Winners' Cup Final against VfB Stuttgart.", "The following year, he contributed 14 goals – making him the club's second highest scorer – to help Chelsea finish third in the Premiership, including a crucial headed goal in 1–0 win against Leeds United.", "He also scored the winner for Chelsea in the 1998 UEFA Super Cup against Real Madrid.", "In 1999–2000, he scored 18 goals (which again made him Chelsea's second highest scorer), with a scissors-kick volley against Sunderland, a long range strike against Lazio, and both of Chelsea's goals in the FA Cup semi-final against Newcastle United, among the most memorable, as the team won the FA Cup and reached the UEFA Champions League quarter-finals.", "With the arrival of new manager Claudio Ranieri in September 2000, Chelsea was a team in transition.", "With Ranieri seeking to reduce the average age of the squad, Poyet became surplus to requirements and requested a transfer.", "In 145 appearances for Chelsea, Poyet scored 49 goals.", "Poyet joined Tottenham Hotspur in May 2001 for around £2.2 million.", "He scored 14 goals in his debut season for Spurs and helped his team reach the League Cup final, but they lost 2–1 to Blackburn Rovers.", "His time at the club was blighted by injuries, and he again sustained cruciate ligament damage in August 2002, but still managed to score 23 goals in 98 games.", "International career\nPoyet was a Uruguay international, making his international debut on 13 July 1993 in a friendly match against Peru (1–2).", "After 67 minutes, he was substituted by Carlos Aguilera.", "Poyet helped his country win the Copa América in 1995.", "In doing so, he was voted as the best player in his position at the tournament.", "He won 26 caps in total, scoring three goals.", "Managerial career\n\nEarly coaching\nIn July 2006, he became a player and assistant manager at Swindon Town alongside ex-Chelsea teammate, Dennis Wise.", "Both Poyet and Wise were given permission to talk about forming the new Leeds United management team on 23 October 2006 and looked set to take the place of caretaker manager, John Carver, until Swindon withdrew permission due to disagreements over compensation.", "On 24 October 2006, Poyet was confirmed as assistant manager of Leeds with Dennis Wise as the manager.", "On 29 October 2007, Poyet rejoined his former club Tottenham Hotspur to work alongside new head coach Juande Ramos as a first team coach with Marcos Álvarez as a fitness coach.", "During his first season as assistant manager at White Hart Lane, he won the 2007–08 League Cup, beating Chelsea 2–1 after extra time in the Final after a penalty from Dimitar Berbatov in normal time and a header early into extra time from Jonathan Woodgate.", "On 25 October 2008, Poyet parted company with Tottenham Hotspur along with manager Juande Ramos, first team coach Marcos Álvarez and sporting director Damien Comolli.", "Brighton & Hove Albion\n\nOn 10 November 2009, Poyet was announced as the new manager of English League One side Brighton & Hove Albion on a one-and-a-half-year contract.", "Former Tottenham teammate Mauricio Taricco was also announced as Poyet's assistant manager.", "He steered the club to safety as he had a brilliant start to his career at Brighton by going to Southampton and winning 3–1.", "He started the 2010–11 season by making a number of signings including Gordon Greer, Radostin Kishishev, Liam Bridcutt, Matt Sparrow, Casper Ankergren and Ashley Barnes.", "He also signed a new four-year contract along with his assistant Mauricio Taricco.", "The season started with five wins from the first eight games putting Brighton top of the League One table.", "Brighton started the year 2011 with a 5–0 home win on New Year's Day against Leyton Orient.", "Most notable was a run of eight straight league victories in March, leaving the club 13 points clear at the top with games in hand over all of their closest rivals with the exception of Southampton.", "Brighton secured promotion to the Championship following a 4–3 home win over Dagenham & Redbridge, Ashley Barnes scoring the winner in the 63rd minute.", "The League One title was clinched on 16 April 2011, as Brighton beat Walsall 3–1, having been top without slipping since the eighth game of the season and with four games of the season still to play.", "On 23 May 2011, Poyet was voted LMA League One Manager of the Year for his achievements in the 2010–11 season – his first full season as a football manager.", "During pre-season 2011, Poyet twice broke the club's record transfer-fee in signing Will Buckley and Craig Mackail-Smith, and also brought in former Spain and Valencia playmaker Vicente on a free transfer.", "After an unbeaten start to the 2011–12 season, Poyet was named as Championship manager of the month for August 2011.", "Poyet shortly after signed a new and improved five-year contract to remain at the club until 2016.", "In March 2012, Poyet won the Outstanding Managerial Achievement Award at the Football League Awards ceremony, beating Crystal Palace manager Dougie Freedman and former Huddersfield Town boss Lee Clark.", "On 23 June 2013, Brighton released an official statement declaring that Poyet had been informed that \"his employment has been terminated with immediate effect\".", "Poyet said that he was only made aware of his sacking when a member of the BBC production staff handed him a printout of the club statement, whilst working as a pundit for BBC Three's coverage of the Spain vs. Nigeria group game in the FIFA Confederations Cup.", "Sunderland\n\nOn 8 October 2013, it was announced that Poyet had been appointed as Head Coach at Sunderland on a two-year contract, becoming the first Uruguayan to manage in the Premier League.", "Eleven days later in his first match in charge, they lost 4–0 away to Swansea City.", "His second game in charge, and first at the Stadium of Light, resulted in a 2–1 win against local rivals Newcastle United on 27 October.", "In his first season in charge, he took Sunderland to the League Cup Final after a penalty shootout win over Manchester United in the semi-finals.", "On 19 April 2014, Poyet defeated José Mourinho in his first-ever home league defeat in the Premier League as Chelsea manager, a 2–1 win to Sunderland at Stamford Bridge.", "Poyet led Sunderland to a 2–0 win at home to West Bromwich Albion on 7 May to guarantee Premier League safety with one game remaining, performing \"a miracle\" in his own words by arresting a decline that saw Sunderland seven points adrift of safety as late as 7 April, when they lost 5–1 to Tottenham Hotspur.", "Defeat to Everton in their following league game made avoiding relegation look like a near impossible task for the club, but Sunderland, under Poyet's stewardship, earned 13 points out of a possible 15 in their following five league games.", "Poyet signed a new two-year contract at Sunderland on 28 May 2014.", "The club sacked Poyet on 16 March 2015.", "At the time of his sacking, they were in 17th place in the league, one point above the relegation places.", "AEK Athens\n\nOn 29 October 2015, AEK Athens reported that Poyet had agreed in principle to be the club's manager until summer 2016.", "In February 2016, he guided his team to successive wins against neighbours Olympiacos and Panathinaikos.", "He was sacked on 19 April 2016 after the team finished third in the league and awaited a Greek Cup semi-final; the board had taken issue with him informing the press before them that he would leave at the end of the campaign.", "Betis\nOn 9 May 2016, Poyet had signed a two-year deal with Real Betis.", "On 12 November 2016, he was sacked and replaced by Víctor Sánchez.", "Shanghai Shenhua\nOn 29 November 2016, Poyet became the manager of Chinese Super League side Shanghai Shenhua.", "Despite of being blamed by public for poor performance in the league and resigning on 11 September, he was still appreciated by some fans for his contribution to the team's championship in 2017 Chinese FA Cup later in November, including a 1-0 home victory over classic rival Beijing Guoan in 4th round, and a 3-1 away victory over Shandong Luneng in quarter final.", "Bordeaux\nOn 20 January 2018, Poyet became the manager of Ligue 1 side Bordeaux.", "In August, he was suspended by the club after criticising the sale of Gaëtan Laborde to Montpellier.", "He was subsequently fired and replaced by Ricardo Gomes on 5 September.", "Universidad Católica\n\nOn 28 February 2021, Poyet became the manager of Chilean Primera División club Universidad Católica.", "He began his tenure by winning the delayed 2020 Supercopa de Chile against rivals Colo-Colo and made the last 16 of the 2021 Copa Libertadores, but left by mutual consent at the end of August with the worst campaign in the last 10 years.", "Greece\nOn 3 February 2022, Poyet became the manager of the Greek National Football Team.", "Personal life\nPoyet is married to Madelon González with whom he has two sons: Diego (born 1995) and Matias (born 1993).", "Diego is also a midfielder, making his professional debut in 2014 for Charlton Athletic before moving to West Ham United, and has represented England at youth international level.", "Poyet's father was Olympic basketball player Washington Poyet, while his brother Marcelo also played the sport professionally in South America.", "Poyet introduced basketball to Sunderland academy training sessions, believing it to share many attributes with football, particularly marking.", "Career statistics\n\nInternational\n\nScores and results list Uruguay's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Poyet goal.", "Managerial statistics\n\nHonours\n\nPlayer\nReal Zaragoza\n Copa del Rey: 1993–94\n UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1994–95\n\nChelsea\n FA Cup: 1999–2000\n FA Charity Shield: 2000\n UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1997–98\n UEFA Super Cup: 1998\n\nUruguay\n Copa América: 1995\n\nManager\nBrighton & Hove Albion\n Football League One: 2010–11\n\nUniversidad Católica\nSupercopa de Chile: 2020 \n\nIndividual\n League One Manager of the Year: 2010–11\n Football League Award for Outstanding Managerial Achievement: 2011\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Official website\n\n1967 births\n1995 Copa América players\nAEK Athens F.C.", "managers\nAssociation football midfielders\nBrighton & Hove Albion F.C.", "managers\nChelsea F.C.", "players\nCopa América-winning players\nExpatriate footballers in England\nExpatriate footballers in France\nExpatriate footballers in Spain\nExpatriate football managers in England\nExpatriate football managers in Greece\nSuper League Greece managers\nGrenoble Foot 38 players\nLa Liga players\nLeeds United F.C.", "non-playing staff\nLiving people\nPremier League players\nReal Zaragoza players\nClub Atlético River Plate (Montevideo) players\nSportspeople from Montevideo\nSwindon Town F.C.", "players\nUruguayan beach soccer players\nEnglish Football League managers\nTottenham Hotspur F.C.", "non-playing staff\nTottenham Hotspur F.C.", "players\nUruguay international footballers\nUruguayan expatriate footballers\nUruguayan expatriate football managers\nUruguayan expatriate sportspeople in England\nUruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Greece\nUruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain\nUruguayan expatriate sportspeople in China\nUruguayan expatriate sportspeople in France\nUruguayan footballers\nUruguayan people of Spanish descent\nUruguayan people of French descent\nPremier League managers\nSunderland A.F.C.", "managers\nReal Betis managers\nFC Girondins de Bordeaux managers\nClub Deportivo Universidad Católica managers\nLa Liga managers\nLigue 1 managers\nExpatriate football managers in Spain\nExpatriate football managers in China\nExpatriate football managers in France\nExpatriate football managers in Chile\nChinese Super League managers\nFA Cup Final players" ]

[ "Gustavo Augusto Poyet Domnguez is a former footballer and professional football manager.", "He is the head coach of the Greek national football team.", "Poyet's career began with short spells at River Plate and Grenoble.", "He spent seven years at Real Zaragoza, where he won two cups.", "During the 1997-98 season, Poyet helped the club win the FA Cup and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.", "He spent the rest of his career at Spurs.", "He was part of the team that won the 1995 Copa América.", "Poyet moved into coaching after his playing career ended.", "He was an assistant to Dennis Wise and Juande Ramos.", "In his first full season in charge of the Seagulls, Poyet was named League One Manager of the Year by the LMA.", "In his first season with the team, he guided them to the League Cup Final but was fired after a poor run of results.", "He had spells at AEK Athens, Real Betis, Bordeaux, and Universidad Catlica.", "He began his career with spells at River Plate and Grenoble.", "Poyet moved to Real Zaragoza in 1990 and they won the Cup Winners' Cup a year later.", "He scored 60 goals in over 200 games for the club.", "Poyet joined the club on a free transfer.", "He missed the 1998 Football League Cup Final because of a knee injury, but recovered in time to play in the Cup Winners' Cup Final.", "He was the club's second highest scorer with 14 goals as he helped the Blues finish third in the league.", "He scored the winning goal in the 1998 Super Cup for Real Madrid.", "He scored 18 goals in 1999–2000, which made him the second highest scorer in the club's history.", "Ranieri took over as manager of the team in September 2000.", "Poyet became surplus to requirements and requested a transfer as Ranieri sought to reduce the average age of the squad.", "Poyet scored 49 goals.", "Poyet joined Spurs in 2001 for around 2 million dollars.", "He scored 14 goals in his debut season for Spurs, but they lost in the League Cup final.", "His time at the club was marred by injuries, but he still managed to score 23 goals in 98 games.", "On July 13, 1993 Poyet made his international debut in a friendly match against Peru.", "He was taken off after 67 minutes.", "Poyet helped his country win a trophy.", "He was voted the best player at the tournament.", "He scored three goals.", "In July 2006 he became a player and assistant manager at Swindon Town.", "Both Poyet and Wise were given permission to talk about forming the new Leeds United management team on 23 October 2006 and looked set to take the place of John Carver until Swindon withdrew permission due to disagreements over compensation.", "Poyet was confirmed as an assistant manager with Dennis Wise as the manager.", "On October 29, 2007, Poyet rejoined his former club, working with Juande Ramos as a first team coach and Marcos lvarez as a fitness coach.", "In his first season as an assistant manager at White Hart Lane, he won the League Cup after a penalty from Dimitar Berbatov and a goal from Jonathan Woodgate.", "Spurs manager Juande Ramos, first team coach Marcos lvarez, and sporting director Damien Comolli were all let go by Poyet on October 25, 2008.", "On 10 November 2009, Poyet was announced as the new manager of the English League One side.", "Mauricio Taricco was named Poyet's assistant manager.", "He steered the club to safety as he had a great start to his career at Seagulls, winning 3–1 in his first game.", "He made a number of signings during the 2010–11 season.", "He and his assistant signed a new four-year contract.", "The season started with five wins from the first eight games.", "On New Year's Day, the Seagulls defeated Orient 5–0 at home.", "A run of eight straight league victories in March left the club 13 points clear at the top with games in hand over all of their closest rivals.", "The Seagulls secured promotion to the Championship with a 4–3 home win over the Daggers.", "The League One title was wrapped up on 16 April 2011, as the Seagulls beat Walsall 3–1, having been top since the eighth game of the season and with four games of the season still to play.", "Poyet was voted LMA League One Manager of the Year for his achievements in the 2010–11 season, his first full season as a football manager.", "Poyet broke the club's record transfer-fee in signing Will Buckley and Craig Mackail-Smith, and also brought in Vicente on a free transfer.", "The Championship manager of the month for August was Poyet.", "Poyet signed a new and improved five-year contract to stay at the club.", "The Outstanding Managerial Achievement Award was won by Poyet at the Football League Awards.", "Poyet had been informed that his employment had been terminated with immediate effect.", "Poyet said that he was only made aware of his dismissal when a member of the production staff handed him a copy of the club statement.", "In October of last year, it was announced that Poyet had been appointed as the head coach of the Black Cats, making him the first Uruguayan to manage in the premier league.", "They lost their first match in charge by a score of 4–0 toSwansea City.", "The first game at the Stadium of Light resulted in a 2–1 win for him.", "In his first season in charge, he took the Black Cats to the League Cup Final after a penalty shoot out win over Manchester United.", "In his first ever home league defeat in the premier league as a manager, Poyet defeated Jose Mourinho in a 2–1 win to Sunderland on 19 April.", "Poyet led the Black Cats to a 2–0 win at home to West Bromwich Albion on 7 May to guarantee the safety of the club, performing a miracle in his own words by arresting a decline that saw them seven points adrift of safety as late as 7 April.", "It looked like it was going to be hard for the club to avoid the drop after they lost toEverton in their next league game, but under Poyet's leadership, they earned 13 points out of a possible 15 in their next five league games.", "A new two-year contract was signed by Poyet.", "Poyet was fired by the club on March 16, 2015.", "They were in 17th place in the league at the time of his dismissal.", "On October 29, 2015, AEK Athens reported that Poyet had agreed in principle to be the club's manager.", "He led his team to two wins against their neighbours.", "The board took issue with him telling the press before the end of the season that he would leave, and he was fired after the team finished third in the league.", "Poyet had signed a two-year deal with Real Betis.", "He was replaced by Vctor Snchez.", "Poyet was the manager of the Chinese Super League side.", "Despite of being blamed by the public for poor performance in the league, he was still appreciated by some fans for his contribution to the team's championship in the Chinese FA Cup later in November.", "Poyet became the manager of Bordeaux in January.", "He was suspended by the club after he criticized the sale of Gatan Laborde.", "He was fired and replaced by a different person.", "Poyet became the manager of Universidad Catlica on February 28, 2021.", "He began his tenure by winning the Supercopa de Chile against Colo-Colo, but left by mutual consent at the end of August with the worst campaign in the last 10 years.", "The manager of the Greek National Football Team is Poyet.", "Poyet has two sons, Diego and Matias, who were born in 1993 and 1995 respectively.", "Diego has represented England at youth international level, as well as making his professional debut in 2014, before moving to West Ham United.", "Washington Poyet was an Olympic basketball player while his brother played professionally in South America.", "Basketball was introduced to the academy training sessions by Poyet because he believed it to be similar to football.", "The score column indicates the score after each Poyet goal.", "Managerial statistics include the following: 1994–95 FA Cup, 1999–2000 FA Charity Shield, and 2000 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.", "Managers association for football", "F.C. is the name of the club's managers.", "Football managers in England, France, and Spain are Expatriate players.", "There are people who are not playing who are living and working at Swindon Town F.C.", "The players are from the English Football League.", "The staff at Spurs F.C. are not playing.", "There are expatriates in England, Greece, Spain, China, and France.", "Football managers in Spain, France, and China." ]

[ "Gustavo Augusto Poyet Domínguez", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Washington Poyet" ]

[ "Gustavo Augusto Poyet Domngue", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Poyet", "Washington Poyet" ]

[ "Malcolm Moses Adams Brogdon (born December 11, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers under Tony Bennett.", "As a senior in 2015–16, he was a consensus first-team All-American.", "He was also named the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Player of the Year and Defensive Player of the Year, becoming the first player in conference history to earn both honors in the same season.", "He was selected in the second round of the 2016 NBA draft by the Bucks with the 36th overall pick.", "He went on to win the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, becoming the first second-round pick in the NBA to win the award since 1965.", "In 2019, Brogdon became the eighth player in NBA history to achieve a 50–40–90 season.", "College career\n\nBrogdon, a top 100 recruit, committed to Virginia over offers from Arkansas, Georgia, and Notre Dame.", "He redshirted his sophomore year after suffering a serious foot injury the prior season.", "He was known as one of the top contributors to the team's successful 2013–14 and 2014–15 seasons.", "In the 2013–14 season, Brogdon averaged 12.7 points, 5.4 rebounds, and 2.7 assists per game.", "In 2014–15, he was named as a consensus second-team All-American, as well as the first-team All-ACC and ACC Co-Defensive Player of the Year.", "As a senior at Virginia in 2015–16, Brogdon was named to the 35-man midseason watchlist for the Naismith Trophy, and earned numerous prestigious awards, including ACC Player of the Year, ACC Defensive Player of the Year, first-team All-American, and a finalist for the Naismith Award.", "Brogdon graduated from Virginia with a bachelor's degree in history and a master's degree in public policy.", "His college jersey number, 15, was retired on February 20, 2017.", "Professional career\n\nMilwaukee Bucks (2016–2019)\n\n2016–17 season: Rookie of the Year\nOn June 23, 2016, Brogdon was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks with the 36th overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft.", "On July 30, 2016, he signed with the Bucks.", "He made his NBA debut in the Bucks' season opener on October 26, 2016, recording eight points and five assists in 21 minutes in a 107–96 loss to the Charlotte Hornets.", "On November 1, 2016, he recorded 14 points and four steals in a 117–113 win over the New Orleans Pelicans.", "On December 23, 2016, he made all seven of his shots for 17 points to go with seven assists in 29 minutes in a 123–96 win over the Washington Wizards.", "On December 31, 2016, he recorded his first career triple-double with 15 points, 12 assists and 11 rebounds in a 116–96 win over the Chicago Bulls.", "On January 8, 2017, he scored a career-high 22 points in a 107–101 loss to the Washington Wizards.", "On January 23, 2017, he had his second game of the season with four steals in a 127–114 win over the Houston Rockets.", "Two days later, he was named in the U.S.", "Team for the 2017 Rising Stars Challenge.", "On March 29, 2017, he recorded 16 points and nine assists in a 103–100 win over the Boston Celtics.", "He had six key points and two assists in the final 2:46 to help Milwaukee fend off a late Boston rally.", "To conclude his rookie season, Brogdon was named the 2016–17 NBA Rookie of the Year, along with being a unanimous selection to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.", "Brogdon joined Lew Alcindor (1969–70) as the only players in Bucks history to win Rookie of the Year, and became the first player drafted in the second round to win Rookie of the Year since 1965.", "Brogdon averaged both the fewest points per game and fewest minutes per game of any winner in the award's history.", "2017–18 season\nIn the Bucks' season opener on October 18, 2017, Brogdon scored 19 points in a 108–100 win over the Boston Celtics.", "On November 3, 2017, he had a season-high 10 assists to go with 21 points against the Detroit Pistons.", "Four days later, he scored a season-high 22 points against the Cleveland Cavaliers.", "On January 22, 2018, he scored a career-high 32 points in a 109–105 win over the Phoenix Suns.", "It was the first 30-point game for a Virginia basketball alum since Mike Scott in 2014 with the Atlanta Hawks.", "On February 2, 2018, he was ruled out for six to eight weeks after suffering a partially torn left quadriceps tendon the previous night against the Minnesota Timberwolves.", "On April 9, 2018, he returned to action following a 30-game absence.", "He scored two points and played 13 minutes, all in the first half, in the Bucks' 102–86 win over the Orlando Magic.", "2018–19 season: 50–40–90 season \nOn November 28, 2018, Brogdon scored 24 points in 29 minutes on 6-for-6 three-point field goal shooting in a 116–113 win against the Chicago Bulls.", "On February 27, 2019, Brogdon scored 25 points, including 9-for-11 from the field, in a 141–140 overtime win over the Sacramento Kings.", "Brogdon enjoyed the best shooting year of his career, and one of the most efficient in NBA history: he became just the eighth NBA player ever to achieve a 50–40–90 season.", "However, on March 16, he was ruled out indefinitely with a plantar fascia tear in his right foot.", "He returned to action late in the second round of the playoffs.", "Indiana Pacers (2019–present)\n\n2019–20 season \nOn June 29, 2019, the Bucks extended a qualifying offer to Brogdon in order to make him a restricted free agent.", "On July 6, 2019, Brogdon signed with the Indiana Pacers via a sign-and-trade with the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for future picks.", "Brogdon signed a contract with the Pacers for $85.0 million over four years (average of $21.25 million per year).", "New to starting at the point guard position, Brogdon studied tape of former NBA All-Star Isiah Thomas in the off-season.", "Brogdon had a double-double in each of his first four games in a Pacers uniform.", "After his first week with the Pacers, he led the NBA in assists and become the first NBA player in history to tally at least 20 points and 10 assists in both of his first two games with a new team.", "On October 26, 2019, Brogdon had 30 points (on 12-for-18 shooting) and 10 assists in a 110–99 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers.", "On June 24, 2020, Brogdon announced that he tested positive for the COVID-19 virus.", "2020–21 season\nOn January 2, 2021, Brogdon scored 33 points with 7 assists in a 106–102 loss to the New York Knicks.", "On January 4, Brogdon put up 21 points, 11 assists, seven rebounds, three steals, and one block, alongside a game-winning layup, in a 118–116 overtime win over the New Orleans Pelicans.", "On January 6, Brogdon scored a career-high 35 points, along with seven assists in a 114–107 win over the Houston Rockets.", "On January 25, Brogdon improved his career-high to 36 points in the Pacers' 129–114 win against the Toronto Raptors.", "2021–22 season \nIn his 3rd season with the Pacers, Brogdon was asked to be more of a leader on and off the court.", "Brogdon delivered.", "In the first game of the season, he put up 28 points and dished out 11 assists.", "He continued this hot start with a 30 point outing in a 111–100 win over the Utah Jazz.", "National team career\nBrogdon represented the United States national team at the 2015 Pan American Games, where he won a bronze medal.", "Dr. Jann Adams, Brogdon's mother, is the former chair of Morehouse College's Psychology Department.", "She is now the associate dean of science and math.", "His mother and father divorced when he was 11.", "Brogdon's oldest brother Gino is a practicing attorney, while his other older brother John is in law school.", "Brogdon is a distant cousin of actress and singer Queen Latifah.", "Community involvement\nIn 2018, Brogdon founded Hoops2O, a nonprofit aimed at addressing the clean-water crisis, particularly in Africa.", "As of May 2019, $274,200 had been raised for the cause.", "Brogdon is a member of the \"Starting Five\", along with Joe Harris, Justin Anderson, Anthony Tolliver, and Garrett Temple, who initially made a goal to raise $225,000 through Hoops2O to fund five wells in East Africa by the end of the 2018–19 season.", "Brogdon traveled with Anderson and Harris to Tanzania to witness the opening of the first well they funded in July 2019, and by November Hoops2O had raised nearly $400,000.", "By February 2020, the charity had funded the construction of ten wells in Tanzania and Kenya, bringing water to over 52,000 citizens.", "References\n\nExternal links\n\n Virginia Cavaliers bio\n\n1992 births\nLiving people\nAfrican-American basketball players\nAll-American college men's basketball players\nAmerican men's basketball players\nBasketball players at the 2015 Pan American Games\nBasketball players from Atlanta\nIndiana Pacers players\nMedalists at the 2015 Pan American Games\nMilwaukee Bucks draft picks\nMilwaukee Bucks players\nPan American Games bronze medalists for the United States\nPan American Games medalists in basketball\nShooting guards\nUnited States men's national basketball team players\nVirginia Cavaliers men's basketball players\n21st-century African-American sportspeople" ]

[ "A basketball player for the Indiana Pacers in the National Basketball Association.", "He played college basketball for Tony Bennett.", "He was a consensus first-team All-American as a senior.", "He became the first player in conference history to win both Player of the Year and Defensive Player of the Year in the same season.", "He was the 36th overall pick in the second round of the NBA draft.", "He became the first second-round pick in the history of the NBA to win the award.", "The eighth player in NBA history to achieve a 50–40–90 season was Brogdon.", "College career brogdon, a top 100 recruit, committed to Virginia over offers from Arkansas, Georgia, and Notre Dame.", "He missed his sophomore year because of a foot injury.", "He was one of the top contributors to the team.", "In the 13 games he played in the season, he averaged 12.7 points, 5.4 Rebounds, and 2.7 Assists.", "He was a consensus second-team All-American, as well as the first-team All-ACC and ACC Co-Defensive Player of the Year.", "As a senior at Virginia in 2015, he was named to the 35-man midseason watchlist for the Naismith Trophy, as well as earning numerous prestigious awards, includingACC Player of the Year,ACC Defensive Player of the Year, first-team All-American, and a finalist for the Naismith", "He received a bachelor's degree in history and a master's degree in public policy from Virginia.", "His college jersey number was retired.", "The Milwaukee Bucks selected Malcolm Brogdon with the 36th overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft.", "On July 30, he joined the Bucks.", "He made his NBA debut in the first game of the season, recording eight points and five assists in 21 minutes in a loss to the Charlotte Hornets.", "He had 14 points and four steals in a win over New Orleans.", "On December 23, 2016 he made all seven of his shots for 17 points to go with seven assists in a 123–-96 win over the Washington Wizards.", "He recorded his first career triple-double on December 31, 2016 in a 116– 96 win over the Chicago Bulls.", "He scored a career-high 22 points in a loss to the Wizards.", "He had four steals in a 127–114 win over the Houston Rockets on January 23, 2017, his second game of the season.", "He was named in the U.S. two days later.", "There is a team for the rising stars challenge.", "He had 16 points and nine assists in a win over the Boston Celtics.", "He had six points and two assists in Milwaukee's victory over Boston.", "He was a unanimous selection to the NBA All-Rookie First Team, as well as being named the 2016–17 NBA rookies of the year.", "Lew Alcindor was the only player in the history of the Bucks to win theRookie of the Year and the first player drafted in the second round to win the award.", "The award's history shows that the winner averaged the lowest points per game and minutes per game.", "In the season opener in October of last year, Milwaukee's Malcolm Brogdon scored 19 points in a win over the Boston Celtics.", "He had a season-high 10 assists in a game against the Detroit Pistons.", "He scored a season-high 22 points against Cleveland.", "He scored a career-high 32 points in a win over the Phoenix Suns.", "It was the first 30-point game for a Virginia basketball player since Mike Scott did it for the Atlanta Hawks.", "He was out for six to eight weeks after suffering a partially torn left quadriceps tendon the previous night.", "He returned to action after a 30-game absence.", "He played 13 minutes in the first half and scored two points.", "In a 116–113 win against the Chicago Bulls on November 28, 2018, Brogdon scored 24 points in 29 minutes on 6-for-6 three-point field goal shooting.", "Brogdon scored 25 points, including 9-for-11 from the field, in a 141–140 overtime win over the Kings.", "The best shooting year of his career was one of the most efficient in NBA history, as he became just the eighth NBA player ever to achieve a 50–40–90 season.", "He was ruled out indefinitely with a foot injury on March 16.", "He played in the second round of the playoffs.", "In order to make him a restricted free agent, the Bucks extended a qualifying offer to him on June 29, 2019.", "The Milwaukee Bucks traded future picks to the Indiana Pacers in exchange for a sign-and-trade with the Pacers.", "The Pacers have an average contract value of $21.25 million per year.", "In the off-season, he studied tape of Isiah Thomas, who was an All-Star at the point guard position.", "He had a double-double in each of the Pacers' first four games.", "After his first week with the Pacers, he led the NBA in assists and became the first NBA player in history to tally at least 20 points and 10 assists in both of his first two games with a new team.", "He had 30 points and 10 assists in a loss to Cleveland.", "On June 24, 2020, he announced that he had tested positive for the COVID-19 virus.", "On January 2, 2021, Brogdon scored 33 points with 7 assists in a loss to the New York Knicks.", "On January 4, he put up 21 points, 11 assists, seven rebound, three steals, and one block, along with a game-winning layup, in a 118–116 overtime win over the New Orleans Pelicans.", "On January 6, he scored a career-high 35 points in a 114–107 win over Houston.", "In the Pacers' 129–114 win against the Toronto Raptors, Brogdon improved his career-high to 36 points.", "In his 3rd season with the Pacers, he was asked to be more of a leader on and off the court.", "It was delivered by brogdon.", "He put up 28 points and 11 assists in the first game of the season.", "He scored 30 points in a win over the Utah Jazz.", "He won a bronze medal for the United States at the Pan American Games.", "The former chair of Morehouse College's psychology department is Jann Adams.", "She is the associate dean of science and math.", "His parents divorced when he was 11.", "John is in law school and his brother is an attorney.", "Queen Latifah is a distant cousin of Brogdon.", "The clean-water crisis, particularly in Africa, was the focus of Hoops2O.", "$274,200 was raised for the cause.", "The \"Starting Five\", along with Joe Harris, Justin Anderson, Anthony Tolliver, and Garrett Temple, made a goal to raise $225,000 through Hoops2O to fund five wells in East Africa by the end of the season.", "The first well that Hoops2O funded was opened in July of last year, and by November they had raised $400,000.", "By February 2020, the charity had funded the construction of ten wells, bringing water to over 52,000 people.", "All-American college men's basketball players, American men's basketball players, and Indiana Pacers players at the 2015 Pan American Games are some of the people mentioned." ]

[ "Malcolm Moses Adams Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon" ]

[ "Brogdon", "Malcolm Brogdon", "Malcolm Brogdon", "Brogdon", "Brogdon" ]

[ "Arthur John Maundy Gregory, who later used the name Arthur John Peter Michael Maundy Gregory (1 July 1877 – 28 September 1941) was a British theatre producer and political fixer who is best remembered for selling honours for Prime Minister David Lloyd George.", "He may also have been involved with the Zinoviev Letter, the disappearance of Victor Grayson, and the suspicious death of his platonic companion, Edith Rosse.", "Gregory said he was a spy for British intelligence.", "Early life\nGregory was born in Southampton, Hampshire, son of Rev.", "Francis Maundy Gregory, vicar of St Michael's, Southampton, and Elizabeth Ursula, daughter of Rev.", "Mayow Wynell-Mayow, rector of Southam, Warwickshire, and head of a Cornwall landed gentry family.", "Gregory attended Banister Court school in Southampton.", "A classmate was Harold Davidson, the infamous rector of Stiffkey.", "He attended Oxford University as a non-collegiate student, but left in 1899, before graduation.", "Gregory became a teacher, and later worked as an actor and theatre producer.", "Much of the information about Gregory comes from his own papers and curriculum vitae, the truth of which is questionable.", "According to these sources, Vernon Kell, head of MI5, recruited Gregory in 1909, possibly because of Gregory's connections from London's nightlife.", "At MI5, Gregory mainly compiled dossiers on suspected foreign spies living in London.", "Later, Sidney Reilly allegedly recruited Gregory for the recently formed MI6.", "Gregory referred to his alleged time at MI5 and MI6 when he asserted that he had raised funds for the fight against Bolshevism.", "Official records verify that Gregory served as a private in the Irish Guards, but do not verify his time at MI5 or MI6.", "Gregory claimed that at about the same time he claimed he was working for MI5 and MI6, he became acquainted with Basil Thomson.", "Thomson was the Assistant Commissioner of Scotland Yard's CID.", "The relationship between Gregory and Thomson lasted for several years.", "Selling honours\nAround 1918, Gregory approached the Liberal Party to arrange payments to the party in exchange for peerages.", "He was actually one of many to do this.", "David Lloyd George hired him as a broker to gather funding for the United Constitutional Party Lloyd George was planning to form.", "At the time, prices for honours ranged from £10,000 (£310,000 today) for a knighthood to £40,000 (£1.24 million) for a baronetcy.", "Later estimates state that Gregory transferred £1–2 million (now £31–62 million) to the Liberal and Conservative parties.", "He earned around £3 million a year, which he used to buy the Whitechapel Gazette newspaper and considerable real estate, including the Ambassador Club in Soho and the Deepdene Hotel, Dorking, Surrey.", "Reportedly, Gregory gathered gossip about the sex lives of contemporary celebrities who stayed at the two properties.", "The Dorking hotel gained the reputation of being \"the biggest brothel in southeast England\", and it was also rumoured that people at the Ambassador Club sold stolen jewellery.", "Allegedly, Gregory used this information for blackmail.", "The Whitechapel Gazette included anti-Bolshevik articles by Basil Thomson writing as \"Gellius\".", "Gregory made many friends who were prominent members of British society, including the Duke of York, later King George VI, and the Earl of Birkenhead.", "He clashed, however, with the radical left-wing politician, and supporter of Lenin, Victor Grayson, who had reportedly discovered that Gregory was selling honours, but who waited to denounce him until he had gathered further proof.", "Grayson also suspected Gregory of having forged Roger Casement's notorious diaries, which were used to convict him of treason, although it later turned out that Casement had engaged in the homosexual activities described.", "Some believe that Gregory was involved in Grayson's disappearance in 1920, because Grayson was stated to have been last seen entering a house that belonged to Gregory.", "Grayson's biographer David G. Clark suggested in his 1985 book that the statement was false, and that Grayson's disappearance was due to an unrelated scandal involving Grayson's alleged bisexuality.", "Clark also thought it possible that Grayson survived into the 1950s under another name.", "There are also claims that Gregory was involved in the Zinoviev letter affair that influenced the defeat of the Labour Party in the 1924 General Election.", "In 1927, the ensuing Conservative government blocked Gregory's honours-selling scheme.", "He began selling non-British honours, such as noble titles from Serbia and Ukraine, and papal honours and dispensations, such as the knighthood of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.", "Among his victims was the Catholic father of actress Mia Farrow, to whom he had promised a marriage annulment.", "Gregory himself was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Holy Sepulchre and in 1930 a Commander of the Venerable Order of St John.", "According to published MI5 files, when Russian diplomat Ivan Korostovets tried to recruit Gregory to work against the Bolsheviks, Gregory used the Anglo-Ukrainian Fellowship as a front to continue his peerage sales and kept all the money for himself.", "Gregory also continued to sell British peerages to those who were unaware he could no longer provide them.", "Those who paid him had no legal recourse; they could neither report him to the authorities nor sue in civil court without themselves being prosecuted under the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925.", "In 1930, Gregory was sued for £30,000 by the estate of a baronet who had died before receiving a peerage purchased from him.", "He was forced to return the money.", "Edith Rosse\nGregory had been friends with actress Edith Marion Rosse for many years.", "He leased a house called Vanity Fair located on Thames Ditton Island to Rosse and her husband in 1920, and moved in with them the following year.", "After Rosse separated from her husband in 1923, she and Gregory continued to live under the same roof in a platonic relationship (Gregory was a homosexual).", "The couple later moved to Abbey Lodge in St John's Wood (it was later converted into recording studios, where the Beatles recorded much of their best work).", "In 1932, she turned down his request for a loan, but was persuaded to change her will only a few days before her death.", "He inherited £18,000.", "Some suspect Rosse did not die of natural causes, but rather was poisoned by Gregory.", "After Gregory's fall in the \"Honours\" Scandal trial, Scotland Yard exhumed Rosse's body to look for postmortem evidence of poison.", "However, Gregory had seen to it that Rosse's grave was located in very wet ground and was unusually shallow with an unsealed coffin lid.", "It was later alleged that Gregory delayed Rosse's burial until he found a location that frequently flooded because he believed that this would prevent later recovery of evidence.", "Pathologist Sir Bernard Spilsbury suspected as much, but was unable to find any useful evidence or trace of poison.", "Rosse remains buried in All Saints' graveyard by the side of the River Thames at Bisham, Berkshire.", "Further troubles\nIn 1932, Gregory tried to sell Lieutenant Commander E. W. Billyard Leake a peerage for £12,000.", "Leake pretended to be interested, but informed the police and Gregory was arrested.", "Gregory could now threaten to name in court those who had bought peerages.", "Because he pleaded guilty (possibly persuaded to do so by embarrassed buyers), Gregory did not have to give evidence in court.", "He did, however, give interviews to the press trying to prove his innocence.", "In 1933, Gregory was convicted under the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925 of selling honours.", "He was fined £50 and jailed for two months.", "As of 2020, he remains the only person to have been convicted under this act.", "The names of those who bought their peerages are still unknown.", "His case file was moved to the National Archives in 2002.", "Gregory declared bankruptcy in 1933.", "After he was released, he moved to Paris, France, where he lived under an assumed name made up of the third and fourth given names ('Peter' and 'Michael') he had adopted, on a £2,000 annual pension from sources close to the Conservative Party.", "British historian Andrew Cook claims that Gregory took his records with him.", "Frederick Rolfe\n\nGregory took an interest in the life of the author Frederick Rolfe (also known as Baron Corvo), and supported the author A. J.", "A. Symons in obtaining materials for his celebrated biography of Rolfe, The Quest for Corvo (published 1934).", "Gregory was able to use his connections to retrieve two lost works by Rolfe, the novel Don Renato, and Rolfe's translation of the poetry of Meleager.", "Symons gives a bemused description in his Quest of Gregory's affluence and cultivated air of mystery, but notes blandly that \"Since [Gregory] left England to live abroad eight months ago, my enquiries [to him] have remained unanswered.\"", "Later life\n\nAfter the German occupation of France during the Second World War in 1940, he was captured and sent to a labour camp.", "Sources reporting Gregory's death conflict.", "He reportedly died 28 September 1941, either at an internment camp or at the Hospital de Val-de-Grâce in Paris.", "Unlike most civilian Britons who died in enemy captivity, he is not listed among civilian deaths in France by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.", "References in popular fiction\nIn the 1993 novel Closed Circle by Robert Goddard, the main character, Guy Horton, meets Gregory.", "Gregory employs Horton to encourage wealthy businessmen to use his services to obtain peerages.", "Goddard writes that Horton \"felt an immediate loathing for everything about him—the egg-shell charm, the wafts of cologne, the dandyish dress, the monocle, the rings, the voice; and especially the hungry fish-like eyes.\"", "See also\nCash for Honours\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n Aldington, Richard - Frauds (London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1957), pp 158-184.", "Andrew Cook – Hawking Peerages (History Today November 2006)\n Douglas Brown and E.V.Tullett – The Scalpel of Scotland Yard: the Life of Sir Bernard Spilsbury (New York: E.P.", "Dutton and Co.Inc., 1952)\n Tom Cullen – Maundy Gregory: Purveyor of Honours (1974) \n Symons, A. J.", "A, int.", "Sir Norman Birkett and Sir Shane Leslie (1992).", "The Quest for Corvo: An Experiment in Biography.", "London: Folio Society.", "John Walker – The Queen Has Been Pleased: The British Honours System at Work (1986)\n\nExternal links\n Spartacus Education about Maundy Gregory\n More on Arthur Maundy Gregory\n\n1877 births\n1941 deaths\nLGBT people from England\nPeople from Southampton\nEnglish Roman Catholics\nKnights of the Holy Sepulchre\nCommanders of the Order of St John" ]

[ "Arthur John Maundy Gregory, also known as Arthur John Peter Michael Maundy Gregory, was a British theatre producer and political consultant who was best known for selling honours for Prime Minister David Lloyd George.", "He may have been involved with the disappearance of Victor Grayson and the death of Edith Rosse.", "Gregory said he was a spy.", "Gregory was born in Hampshire.", "Elizabeth Ursula is the daughter of Francis Maundy Gregory.", "The head of a Cornwall landed gentry family is Mayow Wynell-Mayow.", "Gregory was a student at Banister Court school.", "Harold Davidson was a classmate.", "He was a non-collegiate student at Oxford University and left before graduating.", "Gregory worked as an actor and theatre producer after becoming a teacher.", "The truth of Gregory's papers and curriculum vitae is questionable.", "Gregory may have been recruited by Vernon Kell because of his connections to London's nightlife.", "Gregory compiled information on suspected foreign spies in London.", "Gregory was recruited by Sidney Reilly for the recently formed MI6.", "Gregory claimed that he had raised funds for the fight against Bolshevism.", "Official records show that Gregory was a private in the Irish Guards, but they don't show his time in MI5 or MI6.", "Gregory said he became acquainted with Basil Thomson at the same time he claimed to be working for MI5 and MI6.", "The assistant commissioner was Thomson.", "Gregory and Thomson had a relationship for several years.", "Gregory approached the Liberal Party to arrange payments in exchange for peerages.", "He was one of many people to do this.", "He was hired by David Lloyd George to gather funding for the United Constitutional Party.", "The price for a baronetcy was more than double the price of a knighthood at the time.", "The Liberal and Conservative parties received over 30 million dollars from Gregory.", "He earned around 3 million a year, which he used to buy real estate, including the Ambassador Club in Soho and the Deepdene Hotel.", "Gregory gossiped about the sex lives of contemporary celebrities who stayed at the two properties.", "The Ambassador Club was thought to have sold stolen jewellery, as well as being the biggest brothel in southeast England.", "Gregory is accused of using this information for blackmail.", "Basil Thomson wrote \"Gellius\" in his anti-Bolshevik articles.", "The Duke of York, King George VI, and the Earl of Birkenhead were some of the friends Gregory made.", "He clashed with a radical left-wing politician who had discovered that Gregory was selling honours, but who waited to condemn him until he had gathered more proof.", "Gregory was accused of forging Roger Casement's notorious diaries, which were used to convict him of treason, but it turned out that Casement had engaged in homosexual activities.", "Gregory is thought to have been involved in the disappearance of Grayson because he was last seen entering a house that belonged to Gregory.", "In his 1985 book, David G. Clark said that the statement was false and that it was due to an unrelated scandal.", "It's possible that Grayson lived into the 1950s under another name.", "The defeat of the Labour Party in the 1924 General Election was influenced by the Zinoviev letter affair.", "Gregory's honours-selling scheme was blocked by the Conservative government in 1927.", "He began selling papal honours, such as the knighthood of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, as well as non-British honours.", "The Catholic father of Mia Farrow was one of his victims.", "Gregory was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Holy Sepulchre and a Commander of the Venerable Order of St John in 1930.", "Gregory used the Anglo-Ukrainian fellowship as a front to continue his peerage sales and kept all the money for himself, according to published MI5 files.", "Gregory continued to sell British peerages to people who didn't know he could no longer provide them.", "The Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925 made it impossible for those who paid him to take legal action against him.", "Gregory was sued in 1930 by the estate of a baronet who had died before receiving a peerage.", "He had to return the money.", "Edith Rosse Gregory was friends with Edith Rosse.", "Rosse and her husband moved in with him after he leased a house called Vanity Fair.", "After Rosse separated from her husband in 1923, she and Gregory continued to live under the same roof in a platonic relationship.", "The Beatles recorded much of their best work at Abbey Lodge, which was later converted into a recording studio.", "She was persuaded to change her will a few days before she died after she turned down his request for a loan.", "He had an inheritance of $18,000.", "Gregory is suspected of poisoning Rosse, who did not die of natural causes.", "Scotland Yard exhumed Rosse's body to look for evidence of poison after Gregory's fall in the \"Honours\" Scandal trial.", "Gregory had seen that Rosse's grave was shallow and located in very wet ground.", "Gregory was said to have delayed Rosse's burial until he found a location that was frequently flooded.", "Sir Bernard Spilsbury was unable to find any evidence or trace of poison, even though he suspected it.", "Rosse is buried by the side of the river in All Saints' graveyard.", "Gregory tried to sell Lieutenant Commander E. W. Billyard Leake a peerage.", "Gregory was arrested after Leake pretended to be interested.", "Gregory can now threaten to name those who bought peerages.", "Gregory didn't have to give evidence in court because he pleaded guilty.", "He gave interviews to the press to prove his innocence.", "Gregory was convicted of selling honours in 1933.", "He was sentenced to two months in jail.", "He is the only person to have been convicted under this act.", "The names of those who bought peerages are unknown.", "His case file was moved to the National Archives.", "Gregory declared bankruptcy in 1933.", "After he was released, he moved to Paris, France, where he lived under an assumed name made up of the third and fourth given names ('Peter' and 'Michael') he had adopted, on a £2,000 annual pension from sources close to the Conservative Party.", "Gregory is said to have taken his records with him.", "Frederick Rolfe Gregory, also known as Baron Corvo, supported the author A. J.", "The biography of Rolfe, The Quest for Corvo was published in 1934.", "Gregory was able to use his connections to get back two lost works by Rolfe.", "Since Gregory left England to live abroad eight months ago, my enquiries to him have remained unanswered.", "He was captured during the Second World War and sent to a labour camp.", "Sources are reporting Gregory's death conflict.", "He died either at an internment camp or at the Hospital de Val-de-Grce in Paris.", "He is not listed among the deaths of civilians in France by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.", "The main character in the 1993 novel Closed Circle is Guy Horton.", "Horton is employed by Gregory to encourage wealthy businessmen to use his services.", "Horton felt an immediate loathing for everything about him, including the egg-shell charm, the smell of cologne, the monocle, the rings, the voice, and the hungry fish-like eyes.", "Cash for Honours References is a book by Richard Aldington.", "Douglas Brown and E.V. Tullett wrote The Scalpel of Scotland Yard: the Life of Sir Bernard Spilsbury.", "Tom Cullen is the author of Maundy Gregory: Purveyor of Honours.", "A, int.", "They were Sir Norman Birkett and Sir Shane Leslie.", "The quest for corvo is an experiment.", "The Folio Society is in London.", "The Queen Has Been Pleased: The British Honours System at Work was written by John Walker." ]

[ "Arthur John Maundy Gregory", "Arthur John Peter Michael Maundy Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Francis Maundy Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Maundy", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Arthur Maundy", "Gregory" ]

[ "Arthur John Maundy Gregory", "Arthur John Peter Michael Maundy Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Francis Maundy Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory", "Gregory" ]

[ "Adam Seelig (born 1975) is a Canadian and American poet, playwright, director, composer and Artistic Director of One Little Goat Theatre Company in Toronto.", "Theatre \nSeelig founded One Little Goat Theatre Company in New York City and Toronto in the early 2000s.", "With the company, he has directed dramatic works by poet-playwrights Yehuda Amichai, Thomas Bernhard, Jon Fosse, Claude Gauvreau, Luigi Pirandello, as well as his own plays, which include reinterpretations of classic material.", "Seelig stages \"poetic theatre.\"", "This involves \"\" (combining an actor's onstage persona with their offstage nature), the \"prism/gap\" (between actor and audience), and ambiguity.", "His direction \"avoids naturalism.\"", "Writing \nBeginning with the 2010 publication of Every Day in the Morning (slow), a work of \"concrete lyric fiction,\" Seelig's writing combines aspects of the contemporary lyric with the appearance of concrete poetry.", "Written largely in the second person, Every Day in the Morning (slow) eschews punctuation, forming a single sentence that is at the same time a \"continuous concrete-lyric-drop-poem novella.\"", "The plays Seelig has written since 2010 employ the same drop-poem technique through which \"words often align vertically, configured spatially.\"", "The format has been described by critics as \"a musical score,\" a \"poetry trick,\" and \"eye hockey.\"", "The concrete lyric, drop-poem format allows actors to \"pace and emphasize the text\" as they see fit.", "Music \nFor Ubu Mayor, \"a play with music,\" Seelig wrote eight songs and played piano in the band for the production premiere.", "The play has been referred to as an \"anti-musical.\"", "For [[One Little Goat Theatre Company#Music Music Life Death Music: An Absurdical|Music Music Life Death Music: An Absurdical]], Seelig wrote seven songs and played a Fender Rhodes electric piano in the band for the production premiere.", "The sheet music for both of these plays is included in their print and electronic publications.", "Music is foregrounded (rather than assigned to the background) in Seelig's productions.", "Music also plays a key role in Seelig's \"drop-poem novella\" Every Day in the Morning (slow), with particular emphasis on minimalist composers such as Steve Reich.David Olds, \"Editor's Corner,\" Wholenote Magazine, Feb 2011.", "Essays \n \"Beckett's Dying Remains: The Process of Playwriting in the 'Ohio Impromptu' Manuscripts.\"", "\"The Anonlinear Aesthetic.\"", "\"Transcending Hyperspecificity.\"", "\"EMERGENSEE: GET HEAD OUT OF ASS: '' and Poetic Theatre.\"", "Contemporary Canadian poets Seelig has reviewed or interviewed include Gregory Betts, Sylvia Legris, Donato Mancini, Lisa Robertson, Jordan Scott and playwright-novelist Sean Dixon.", "Translation \nFrom the Hebrew, Seelig has translated works by modern Israeli poets Yehuda Amichai, Dan Pagis and contemporary poets Navit Barel and Tehila Hakimi.", "With Harry Lane, he translated Someone is Going to Come by Norwegian playwright Jon Fosse.Harry Lane bio , Playwrights Canada Press.", "Education \nAs an undergraduate at Stanford University, Seelig studied English Literature with John Felstiner, Marjorie Perloff and Gilbert Sorrentino, and Theatre with Carl Weber, completing a BA in 1998 with a thesis on Samuel Beckett's original manuscripts in addition to writing and directing an early play entitled Inside the Whale (named after the essay by George Orwell).", "Seelig founded a \"nebulous, unofficial organization\" known as the \"Silly Society of Stanford\" and seems to represent the university's \"stoners and poets\" in a New Yorker article that recounts his inability to identify classmate and celebrated golfer Tiger Woods.", "Background \nSeelig's early years in theatre include directorial apprenticeships at the Arts Club in Vancouver and the Tarragon Theatre in Toronto.", "An early poem was published in Saul Bellow and Keith Botsford's The Republic of Letters.", "Born in Vancouver,A.", "M. Segal, \"Play about national security, civil rights raises questions,\" Canadian Jewish News, 8 Nov 2007, p.53.", "Seelig is the son of an Israeli father and American mother.Michael Seelig, Professor at the School of Community and Regional Planning at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver Sun, July 18, 2014) and Julie Hurwitz, an Urban Planner for Vancouver (Queen's Quarterly, December 22, 1996.).", "Selected Plays and Publications Music Music Life Death Music: An Absurdical.", "Toronto: One Little Goat, 2018.", "(Play with music)\nOne Little Goat publication.", "print.", "e-book.", "Production details.", "Smyth/Williams: An All-Female Staging of the Police Transcript.", "Toronto, 2017.", "(Play adaptation)\nProduction details.PLAY: A (Mini) History of Theatre for Kids.", "Toronto, 2016.", "(Play for children)\nProduction details.Ubu Mayor: A Harmful Bit of Fun.", "Toronto: BookThug, 2014.", "(Play with music)\nGoogle Books.", "BookThug publication. . Print and E-book.", "Production details.Parts to Whole.", "Toronto: BookThug, 2014.", "(Play)\nWorldCat.", "BookThug publication. . Print and E-book.", "Production details.Like the First Time.", "Toronto: BookThug, 2011.", "(Play)\nBookThug publication.", "E-book.", "Production details.Every Day in the Morning (slow).", "Vancouver: New Star Books, 2010.", "(Poetry/Fiction)\nGoogle Books.", "New Star Books. . Print and E-book.Talking Masks (Oedipussy).", "Toronto: BookThug, 2009.", "(Play)\nGoogle Books.", "BookThug publication. . Print.", "Production details.Antigone:Insurgency.", "(Play)\nScript access through Doollee.com.", "Production details (2007).All Is Almost Still.", "(Play)\nProduction details (2004).H A N D S F A C E''.", "Toronto: Bathurst Street Press (George Murray, publisher), 2003.", "(Chapbook)\nWorldCat.", "Print.", "References\n\nExternal links \n Adam Seelig at One Little Goat Theatre Company\n Adam Seelig at Poetry Foundation\n Adam Seelig at BookThug\n\nStanford University alumni\nCanadian theatre directors\nWriters from Toronto\nJewish poets\nJewish Canadian writers\nCanadian male dramatists and playwrights\n21st-century Canadian poets\nCanadian male poets\n21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights\nJewish dramatists and playwrights\n1975 births\nLiving people\n21st-century Canadian male writers" ]

[ "Adam Seelig is a Canadian and American poet, playwright, director, composer and artistic director of One Little Goat Theatre Company in Toronto.", "One Little Goat Theatre Company was founded in New York City and Toronto by Theatre Seelig.", "His plays include reinterpretations of classic material and he has directed dramatic works by poet-playwrights Yehuda Amichai, Thomas Bernhard, Jon Fosse, Claude Gauvreau, Luigi Pirandello, as well as his own plays.", "Seelig stages \"poetic theatre\".", "This involves figuring an actor's onstage persona with their offstage nature,prism/gap, and ambiguity.", "His direction avoids naturalism.", "After the 2010 publication of Every Day in the Morning, Seelig's writing combines aspects of the contemporary lyric with the appearance of concrete poetry.", "Every Day in the Morning has a single sentence that is at the same time a continuous concrete-lyric-drop-poem novella.", "The plays Seelig has written since 2010 use the same drop-poem technique.", "Critics have described the format as a musical score, poetry trick, and eye hockey.", "The drop-poem format allows actors to emphasize the text as they see fit.", "Seelig wrote eight songs and played piano in the band for the premiere of Music For Ubu Mayor.", "The play is referred to as an anti- musical.", "Seelig wrote seven songs and played an electric piano in the band for the premiere of Music Life Death Music: An Absurdical.", "Both of these plays have sheet music in their publications.", "Music is foregrounded in Seelig's productions.", "Music plays a key role in Seelig's \"drop-poem novella\" Every Day in the Morning, with particular emphasis on minimalist composers such as Steve Reich.", "Beckett's dying remains: the process of playwriting in the 'Ohio Impromptu' manuscripts.", "\"The Anon linear aesthetic.\"", "\"Hyperspecificity.\"", "\"Get out of ASS: and Poetic Theatre.\"", "Gregory Betts is one of the contemporary Canadian poets Seelig has reviewed or interviewed.", "Yehuda Amichai is one of the modern Israeli poets whose works have been translated by Seelig.", "Someone is Going to Come was translated by Harry Lane.", "As an undergraduate, Seelig studied English Literature with John Felstiner, Marjorie Perloff and Gilbert Sorrentino, and Theatre with Carl Weber, completing a BA in 1998 with a thesis on Samuel Beckett's original manuscripts in addition to writing and directing an early play.", "Seelig founded a \"nebulous, unofficial organization\" and seems to represent the university's \"stoners and poets\" in a New Yorker article that recounts his inability to identify Tiger Woods.", "Seelig's early years in theatre were spent at the Arts Club in Vancouver and the Tarragon Theatre in Toronto.", "A poem was published in The Republic of Letters.", "Born in A.", "The Canadian Jewish News reported on M. Segal's play about national security and civil rights.", "Michael Seelig is a Professor at the School of Community and Regional Planning at the University of British Columbia and Julie Hurwitz is an Urban Planner.", "Music Life Death Music: An Absurdical is a play.", "Toronto: One Little Goat.", "One Little Goat is a publication.", "There is a print.", "There is an e-book.", "There are production details.", "There is an all-female staging of the police transcript.", "Toronto, Canada.", "Production details for PLAY: A (Mini) History of Theatre for Kids.", "Toronto, 2016", "Ubu Mayor: A Harmful Bit of Fun is a play for children.", "The book was published in Toronto.", "Play with music.", "Print and E-book.", "Parts to Whole is the production details.", "The book was published in Toronto.", "There is a play on WorldCat.", "Print and E-book.", "Like the first time.", "The book was published in Toronto in 2011.", "BookThug is a publication.", "There is an e-book.", "Every Day in the Morning is production details.", "New Star Books is in the city.", "There are books on poetry and fiction on the internet.", "Print and e-book of Talking Masks (Oedipussy).", "The book was published in Toronto in 2009.", "There is a play on the books.", "BookThug is a publication.", "Production details.", "Doollee.com has script access.", "The production is almost done.", "Production details (2004).H A N D S F A C E''.", "George Murray is the publisher of the Bathurst Street Press.", "This is a list of WorldCats.", "Print.", "Adam Seelig is a playwright at One Little Goat Theatre Company." ]

[ "Adam Seelig", "Michael Seelig", "Adam Seelig", "Adam Seelig", "Adam Seelig" ]

[ "Adam Seelig", "Michael Seelig", "Adam Seelig" ]

[ "Paul Schuster Taylor (June 9, 1895 in Sioux City, Iowa – March 13, 1984 in Berkeley) was a progressive agricultural economist.", "He was an undergraduate at the University of Wisconsin and earned his PhD at the University of California, Berkeley where he then became professor of economics from 1922, until his retirement in 1962.", "Early life\nPaul Schuster Taylor was born on June 9, 1895, in Sioux City, Iowa, to Henry Taylor and Rose Eugenia Schuster.", "He attended the University of Wisconsin, Madison.", "Taylor majored in economics and law; \"the caption under his photograph in his junior yearbook was 'I can and I will.\"", "Military service\nWhen the United States declared war in April, 1917, Taylor sought and received a commission as a 2nd lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps.", "He took command of the 4th Platoon, 78th Company, 2nd Battalion 6th Marines in August 1917 in Quantico, Virginia.", "He deployed to France in January, 1918, and participated in the Battle of Chateau-Thierry and the Battle of Belleau Wood.", "He was severely gassed at Belleau Wood on June 14, 1918.", "After recuperating he served as an instructor at the First Corps Schools in Gondrecourt until returning home and mustering out in 1919.", "Early career\nTaylor's research career was launched by the progressive sociologist Edith Abbott.", "As head of a Social Science Research Council project, she was looking for someone to undertake a study of the rapidly increasing Mexican migration into the United States.", "Taylor took up this task.", "From 1927 to 1930 he spent a great deal of time on the road, driving through the San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys in California, into Colorado and Texas, and as far east as Pennsylvania.", "He not only sought quantitative data on Mexican employment patterns but also learned Spanish and interviewed workers and employers.", "He documented what he encountered with photographs.", "He went on to spend six months in Mexico during 1931.", "\"The Berkeley economics department responded to his unconventional work by denying him promotions and salary increases.\"", "His approach integrated the institutional economics advocated by his professor John Commons with cultural and ethnographic matters – for example collecting Mexican corridos (popular ballads).", "He published thirteen monographs on Mexicans and Mexican-Americans.", "In this period he was the \"only\" Anglo scholar paying attention to Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans.", "Taylor was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1930, using it to further his studies in Mexico for 4 months in 1931 and 2 months in 1932.", "Work and marriage\nTaylor married Katharine Page Whiteside on May 15, 1920, in Alameda, California.", "They had three children, Katharine, Ross, and Margaret.", "In 1934 Taylor saw the work of the documentary photographer Dorothea Lange and recruited her to his project.", "They both divorced their first spouses and on December 6, 1935 married one other, forming a living and working partnership that continued until Lange's death in 1965.", "They had no children together but were parents to Lange's two sons from her first marriage as well as Taylor's three children.", "In 1935 they produced five reports on the conditions of migrant agricultural workers, and Taylor used their data to get state and federal relief funding for housing for farmworkers.", "Migrant farmers\nIn the course of their research Taylor and Lange encountered the \"Dust Bowl\" westward migration of ruined tenant farmers across the United States.", "Lange was hired as a photographer by the federal Farm Security Administration, and throughout the 1930s the two often traveled together; Taylor collecting quantitative and qualitative information as Lange made photographs.", "Together Lange and Taylor brought the poverty and exploitation of sharecroppers, tenant farmers and migrant farmworkers to the attention of the American public in their hope that the New Deal would be extended to benefit those who worked on farms.", "Taylor risked his colleagues' further disapproval by publishing, with Lange, a popular book of text and photographs on the Dust Bowl, \"American Exodus,\" in 1939.", "The La Follette Committee\nTaylor's research formed a basis for the 1939 hearings conducted by the La Follette Committee of the U.S. Senate on civil liberties violations against farmworkers.", "This work antagonized powerful people at the University of California, Berkeley, where agribusiness was well represented among the university's regents and where university agricultural research provided direct support to the big growers (for example, creating hybrids, designing farm machinery, training in agricultural management).", "Taylor's research, combined with the values of his Iowa upbringing, brought him to the conclusion that the power of the big growers in California agriculture was incompatible with democracy.", "Despite Robert La Follette's exposé of violence against farmworkers by sheriffs and deputies recruited by the Associated Farmers (the organization of big industrial farm owners), farmworker unionization struggles were not successful until the 1960s, when Taylor, then retired, supported the United Farm Workers.", "Later career\nDuring World War II, Taylor was one of a tiny handful of prominent whites to protest the mass incarceration of Japanese-Americans.", "In 1943, Taylor became involved with protests against federal provision of vast quantities of water to agribusiness at the taxpayer's expense.", "After 1950, this became the major focus of his work.", "The federal Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, which provided funding for dams and canals to bring water to parched southwestern farms, had limited the amount of subsidized water for irrigation to per person.", "But this restriction was systematically violated, so the reclamation programs constituted huge subsidies to the biggest growers and enabled them to squeeze out small farmers.", "In 1944, Taylor led opposition to the insertion of an exemption from the limitation into the U.S. Senate bill authorizing the Central Valley Project to bring water into the San Joaquin Valley.", "For the rest of his life Taylor fought a losing battle against this policy.", "From 1952 to 1956 Taylor served as chair of his department; he then headed the university's Institute of International Studies until his retirement in 1964.", "Beginning in the late 1950s Taylor served as a consultant for the U.S. State Department and the Ford Foundation, investigating land tenure and advocating land reform in Vietnam, Egypt, Colombia, Korea, and Ecuador.", "He applied to the Third World the principles and knowledge he had developed from decades of work on U.S. agriculture and rural poverty.", "Always strongly anticommunist, Taylor argued for land reform and community development in the conviction that the concentration of vast landholdings in a few hands and the severe exploitation of farm labor made the development of democracy impossible and made communist popularity grow.", "Selected writings\n\n California Farm Labor, 1937\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Guide to the Paul Schuster Taylor Papers at The Bancroft Library\n Clark Kerr on Paul S. Taylor\n\n1895 births\n1984 deaths\nUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison alumni\nUniversity of California, Berkeley alumni\nUnited States Marine Corps personnel of World War I\nUnited States Marines\n20th-century American economists" ]

[ "Paul Schuster Taylor was a progressive agricultural economist.", "From 1922 to 1962, he was professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley, after earning his PhD from the University of Wisconsin.", "Paul Schuster Taylor was born in 1895 to Henry Taylor and Rose Eugenia Schuster.", "He attended the University of Wisconsin.", "The caption under his photograph was \"I can and I will.\" Taylor majored in economics and law.", "Taylor received a commission as a 2nd lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps after the United States declared war in 1917.", "In August 1917, he took command of the 4th Platoon, 78th Company, 2nd Battalion 6th Marines.", "He was in France when the Battle of Chateau-Thierry and the Battle of Belleau Wood took place.", "He was gassed on June 14, 1918.", "He was an instructor at the First Corps Schools in Gondrecourt until he mustering out in 1919.", "Edith Abbott launched Taylor's research career.", "She was looking for someone to do a study on Mexican migration into the United States.", "This task was taken up by Taylor.", "He spent a lot of time on the road from 1927 to 1930, driving through California, Colorado and Texas, and as far east as Pennsylvania.", "Quantitative data on Mexican employment patterns was one of the things he sought.", "He took pictures of what he saw.", "He spent six months in Mexico in 1931.", "The Berkeley economics department denied him promotions and salary increases.", "His approach integrated the institutional economics advocated by his professor John Commons with cultural and ethnographic matters.", "He wrote about Mexicans and Mexican-Americans.", "He was the only Anglo scholar paying attention to Mexican immigrants.", "Taylor was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship in 1930, which allowed him to further his studies in Mexico for 4 months in 1931 and 2 months in 1932.", "Taylor and Whiteside were married on May 15, 1920.", "They had three children.", "The documentary photographer Dorothea Lange was recruited by Taylor to work on his project in 1934.", "After divorcing their first spouses, they formed a living and working partnership and married one another on December 6, 1935.", "They had two sons from their first marriage and three children from their second marriage.", "In 1935, they produced five reports on the conditions of migrant agricultural workers, and Taylor used their data to get state and federal relief funding for housing for farmworkers.", "The \"Dust Bowl\" was the westward migration of ruined tenant farmers across the United States.", "Taylor was hired by the federal Farm Security Administration to collect quantitative and qualitative information as a photographer, and the two traveled together a lot in the 1930s.", "They brought the poverty and exploitation of sharecroppers, tenant farmers and migrant farmworkers to the attention of the American public in their hope that the New Deal would be extended to benefit those who worked on farms.", "The book of text and photographs on the Dust Bowl, \"American Exodus,\" was published in 1939 by Taylor.", "The 1939 hearings on civil liberties violations against farmworkers were conducted by the La Follette Committee of the U.S. Senate.", "Powerful people at the University of California, Berkeley, where agribusiness was well represented among the university's regents and where university agricultural research provided direct support to the big growers, were upset by this work.", "Taylor's research showed that the power of the big growers in California was incompatible with democracy.", "Despite Robert La Follette's exposé of violence against farmworkers by sheriffs and deputies recruited by the Associated Farmers, farmworker unionization struggles were not successful until the 1960s, when Taylor supported the United Farm Workers.", "Taylor protested the mass incarceration of Japanese-Americans during World War II.", "In 1943, Taylor became involved with protests against federal provision of vast quantities of water to agribusiness at the taxpayer's expense.", "This was the main focus of his work after 1950.", "The amount of subsidized water for irrigation to per person was limited by the Newlands Reclamation Act.", "The reclamation programs constituted huge subsidies to the biggest growers and enabled them to squeeze out small farmers.", "In 1944, Taylor led opposition to the inclusion of an exemption from the limitation into the Senate bill authorizing the Central Valley Project.", "Taylor fought against this policy for the rest of his life.", "The Institute of International Studies was headed by Taylor until his retirement in 1964.", "Taylor was a consultant for the U.S. State Department and the Ford Foundation, investigating land tenure and advocating land reform in Vietnam.", "He applied to the Third World the principles and knowledge he had developed from decades of work on U.S. agriculture and rural poverty.", "Taylor argued for land reform and community development in the belief that the concentration of vast landholdings in a few hands and the severe exploitation of farm labor made the development of democracy impossible and made communist popularity grow.", "Selected writings California Farm Labor, 1937 References External links Guide to the Paul Schuster Taylor Papers at The Bancroft Library Clark Kerr on Paul S. Taylor 1895 births 1984 deaths University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni United States Marine Corps personnel of World War I" ]

[ "Paul Schuster Taylor", "Paul Schuster Taylor", "Henry Taylor", "Rose Eugenia Schuster", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Paul Schuster", "Taylor", "Paul", "Taylor" ]

[ "Paul Schuster Taylor", "Paul Schuster Taylor", "Henry Taylor", "Rose Eugenia Schuster", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Taylor", "Paul Schuster", "Taylor", "Paul S", "Taylor" ]

[ "Michael Korovkin (born December 28, 1948 in Russia) is a , novelist and poet.", "He began as a neuro-physiologist in Russia and after emigrating in 1976 he went on to study anthropology in Canada, England and the Netherlands.", "His academic work focuses on medical anthropology and European and Mediterranean studies.", "His literary work covers a diverse range of socio-cultural milieus and psychological perspectives, extending cultured and incisive insights into the human condition.", "He has lived in Italy since 1989.", "Fields of research \n\nKorovkin specializes in political and economic anthropology, symbolic expression and social organisation, and medical anthropology of stress.", "His articles have been published in journals that include Epistemology and Philosophy of Science (2011), European Journal of Sociology (1988), Comparative Studies in Society and History (1988), Language in Society (1987) and Current Anthropology (1986).", "Over the years, he has consulted on political and economic processes, power dynamics of social groupings and immigration policies for various government and private institutions, including the UN, both in Italy and Canada.", "Formation \n\nIn Russia Korovkin studied biology and medicine at the Moscow State Pedagogical University and at I.M.", "Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.", "He specialised in neuro-physiology and during his internship he worked at the Burdenko Scientific Research Neurosurgery Institute in the department directed by his uncle, Prof. Samuel M. Blinkov, co-author of the seminal work The Human Brain in Figures and Tables (S.M Blinkov, I.I Glezer 1964).", "After leaving Russia at the age of 27 he arrived to Canada where he studied cultural and social anthropology under Judith Nagata at York University.", "After winning a Doctoral Fellowship from Canada's Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), he spent a year at the London School of Economics (LSE) and went on to complete his studies the University of Amsterdam School for Social Science Research under Jeremy Boissevain.", "Theoretical approach \n\nIn his anthropological work Korovkin’s treatment of the socio-cultural process can be seen as a concerted effort to “reconcile the irreconcilable” namely – structuralism and phenomenology.", "This leads him to a “fractal approach” or to what he calls the quantum mechanics of symbols” by analogy with Heisenberg’s principle of uncertainty where the more is known about the meaning of the symbol the less is known about its entity, and vice versa.", "Medical anthropology \n\nIn the field of medical anthropology Korovkin propones his particular cross disciplinary “parabiotic” approach (i.e.", "Cannon, Richter, et al.)", "to coping with stress primarily in terms of its socio-cultural and physiological dynamics; teaching individuals and groups to develop analytical strategies of resilience and thus deal with stress competently rather than attempt to eliminate it (www.stressalternative.org).", "He is co-author with P. Stephenson of Zombie Factory: Culture, Stress & Sudden Death (2010).", "His treatment of stress falls within the canons of neuroanthropology: the anthropological aspect concerns primarily the role values play in the perception of stressors and somatisation of stress.", "The neuro-physiological treatment of the issue emphasises the patterns of stress rather than its intensity as a measurable physiological symptom.", "Academic career \n\nKorovkin has taught social and medical anthropology in Canada at McMaster University, the University of British Columbia and the University of Victoria.", "At the end of the 1980s he settled in Italy where he taught at the University of Bari, University of Perugia, Tuscia University, and Libera Università Maria SS.", "Assunta (LUMSA) in Rome.", "He was Professor of Sociology and Communication Studies at ESE - European School of Economics, where he served as Academic Director from 2001-2004 at the Rome and Naples campuses.", "Currently he is Professor of Social Sciences at USAC - (University Studies Abroad Consortium).", "Literary work \n\nIn 1991, the late Indro Montanelli, Editor-in-Chief of the leading Italian national daily Il Giornale, offered Korovkin a column on the newspaper’s cultural page Terza pagina.", "Montanelli was seeking to divulge a view on Russian political culture that would provoke a dialectical challenge to the “radical-chic” notions dominant among European intellectual elites.", "With this in mind, he approached Korovkin with a plan to publish a pseudo Samizdat, which Korovkin agreed to write.", "Montanelli sent him to Russia as a special envoy in order to gather ethnographical material for the job at hand.", "For both Korovkin and Montanelli this “editorial operation” was not merely a gratuitous literary scherzo: it fronted a well considered notion that they shared, but could hardly expect to present personally, both due to their known ideological stands (“elegant right” Montanelli and “elegant left” Korovkin) and their geographically vicarious position.", "The idea sustaining the novel is that Russia is a culturally feudal and idiosyncratically monarchic society, loving to hate their strong czars and falling apart under the weak ones; where the \"tyrant\" is a necessary product, simulacrum and even an “existential victim” of his own subject-people.", "The novel’s original title in English is Voice from the Orphanage: Memories of the Man Between Seasons.", "It is a sui generis rejoinder to what has been regarded as one of the first ever samizdat: A Voice from the Chorus (1976) by Abram Tertz (Andrei Sinyavsky).", "Korovkin’s reverts Tertz’ thesis by presenting Russians as Stalin’s post-Perestroika perestroika orphans as opposed to repressed mass victims (chorus) of the Soviet regime.", "He correctly predicts what he saw would be the inevitable return of a strong authoritarian ruler.", "Montanelli personally wrote the introduction thus giving the work an imprimatur of “authenticity”; it was serialised in Il Giornale, and became the object of widespread interest and debate.", "Upon publication by Sperling & Kupfer the work, titled Orfani di Madre-Russia; Memorie di un Cinico (1992) written under the pseudonym Vadim Dubrovski, became a national bestseller.", "Following the success of “Orphans,” Korovkin was approached by the Italian publishing house Mondadori with a request to write another samizdat; this time the memories of a Moscow courtesan.", "Korovkin accepted the challenge, seeing the offer as an opportunity to write what he called “the first-ever feminist novel written by a man”.", "The novel, titled Dancing with Fat Cats: Memories of a Moscow Call Girl, was written in English under the pseudonym Lena Volgina.", "It was translated into Italian by the writer Stefania Pergola and published by Mondadori as Memorie di una maîtresse moscovita (1994).", "Later, it was to be published under the original title in Russian translation by Aletheia (St Petersburg, 2004), and then re-published in Moscow by AST Publishers as Diary of a Moscow Courtesan (2005).", "It came out to wide critical acclaim, but apart from Katerina Nistratova, critics treated it as anti-Soviet, while Korovkin himself intended it as primarily “anti-men”, with a Russian setting.", "The novel also provoked lively discussion on the Italian literary scene with Italian journalists eager to interview the mysterious maîtresse.", "Notwithstanding the prestigious backing and successful initial promotion, the publication of the Korovkin’s writings in Italy in the early 1990s proved untimely.", "This was the period when the nation underwent the clamorous fall of the First Republic as government corruption surfaced through the institutionalised graft scandal known as (\"Bribesville\").", "Thus, in the wake of the nation’s moral upheaval further promotion of the “forged” novels was judiciously halted.", "Subsequently, however, he published other three novels in Russia under his own name: Once a Good Man and Short Stories (2001), Terms of Estrangement: Diaries of A Paratrooper (2002) and Excursion: Adventures of Modigliani the Ghost (2005).", "Critique \n\nKorovkin is described as “a brilliant and ferocious poet whose furious, defiant but consistently classical and supremely elegant poetry, controlled and yet fluid, draws, without ever becoming heavy, on a very rich and varied cultural patrimony” (Franca Rovigatti, Roma Poesia 1998).", "His last book of poetry to-date is Fields of Vision: Selected Poems and The Soldier’s Tale (2014).", "It consists of 14 poems whose programmatic direction is best attested to by the title of the first piece of the volume: Looking for Faith.", "A large section of the book is occupied by The Soldier’s Tale: a completely new rendering of the fable used by Stravinsky for the homonymous suite and inspired by the latter.", "It bears the subtitle A Narcissus Variation — narcissism in contemporary society is a topic that Korovkin repeatedly turns to both in his poetry and prose.", "In his poetic work, Korovkin often collaborates with American composer Jakov Jakoulov.", "He also intensively collaborates with Stephanie Morin.", "Currently they are working together on preparing for the publication of Morin’s research for a book titled Gold Fish in a Blender: An Essay on Approaches to Communicating Contemporary Visual Art.", "Picnic Area*\t\nUnveiling strong secrets beyond the surfaces\nOf a picnic area in the near-by woods\nEnchanted by their own suburban plainness\nAll sins are swept under the carpet of autumn leafage\n\nHamburgers grill on the torturer’s grate\nFrench fries sizzle in heretic oil\nThe sun shines on worn wooden benches\nWhere innocence no longer sits.", "* © Michael Korovkin\nWritten expressly for Jakov Jakoulov’s “Sentient Webs”\n(Stephanie Morin Sonata) for organ and cello.", "First performed: Boston 2010\nPublished: University of Tuscia Press, Italy, 2012\n\nAcademic books \n\n1992: Patterns of Re-Engagement: Protestant Conversions in a Southern Italian Community (a monograph).", "Astrolabio-Ubaldini Editore, Rome.", "1995: Reflections on Russian Proverbs: Translation, Understanding and the Principle of Uncertainty.", "Red Hill Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles.", "2010: Zombie Factory: Culture, Stress & Sudden Death.", "with P. Stephenson, Green Frigate Press, Canada.", "Novels \n\n 1992: Dubrovski, Vadim.", "Orfani di Madre Russia: Diario di un Cinico, \"Sperling & Kupfer\", Milan.", "1994: Volgina, Lena.", "Memorie di una maîtresse moscovita, Mondadori, Milan.", "2001: Once a Good Man, Publishing House Hyperion, St. Petersburg.", "2002: Terms of Estrangement: Diaries of a Paratrooper, Aletheia, St. Petersburg.", "2003: Dancing With Fat Cats, Aletheia, St. Petersburg.", "2005: Vospominania Moskovskoj Kurtizanki, AST, St. Petersburg.", "2005: Excursion: Adventures of Modigliani the Ghost, Aletheia, St. Petersburg.", "Poetry \n\n 1994: Caught On the Line (Illustrated by S. Morin), Union Printing Publishers, Viterbo.", "1996: Breviario (Illustrated by L Boille, T.Cascella, S. Morin), Juliet, Triest.", "2012: All in One At Once (Four Paintings by S. Morin, compositions for pianoforte Jakov Jakoulov), University of Tuscia Press, Viterbo\n 2014: Fields of Vision; Selected Poems and The Soldier’s Tale Suite (Illustrated by S. Morin), Aletheia, St. Petersbrurg.", "References \n\n1948 births\nLiving people\nRussian anthropologists\nLibera Università Maria SS.", "Assunta faculty" ]

[ "Michael Korovkin was born December 28, 1948 in Russia.", "He studied anthropology in Canada, England and the Netherlands after emigrating from Russia.", "His research focuses on medical anthropology and European and Mediterranean studies.", "His literary work explores a wide range of socio-cultural and psychological perspectives.", "He has lived in Italy since 1989.", "Korovkin's fields of research include political and economic anthropology, symbolic expression and social organisation, and medical anthropology of stress.", "His articles have been published in several journals, including Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, European Journal of Sociology, Comparative Studies in Society and History, and Language in Society.", "He has consulted on political and economic processes, power dynamics of social groupings and immigration policies for various government and private institutions, including the UN, in Italy and Canada.", "Korovkin studied biology and medicine at the Moscow State Pedagogical University.", "First Moscow State Medical University.", "He worked at the Burdenko Scientific Research Neurosurgery Institute in the department directed by his uncle, Prof. Samuel M. Blinkov, co-author of the seminal work The Human Brain in Figures and Tables.", "He studied cultural and social anthropology at York University after leaving Russia at the age of 27.", "After completing his studies at the University of Amsterdam School for Social Science Research, he spent a year at the London School of Economics.", "Korovkin's treatment of the socio-cultural process can be seen as a concerted effort to \"reconcile the irreconcilable\"", "Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty where the more is known about the meaning of the symbol the less is known about its entity is what he calls the quantum mechanics of symbols.", "Korovkin has a particular approach to medical anthropology.", "Cannon, Richter, and others.", "To cope with stress primarily in terms of its socio-cultural and physiological dynamics; teaching individuals and groups to develop analytical strategies of resilience and thus deal with stress competently rather than attempt to eliminate it.", "He is a co-author of Zombie Factory: Culture, Stress and Death.", "The treatment of stress is a part of the canons of neuroscience.", "The treatment of the issue emphasizes the patterns of stress rather than its intensity.", "Korovkin taught social and medical anthropology at several universities in Canada.", "He taught at several universities in Italy at the end of the 1980s.", "The Assunta is in Rome.", "He was the Academic Director at the Rome and Naples campuses of the European School of Economics from 2001 to 2004.", "He is the Professor of Social Sciences at USAC.", "The late Indro Montanelli, Editor-in-Chief of the leading Italian national daily Il Giornale, offered Korovkin a column on the newspaper's cultural page in 1991.", "Montanelli wanted to reveal a view on Russian political culture that would provoke a challenge to the \"radical-chic\" notions of European intellectual elites.", "Korovkin agreed to write a pseudo Samizdat after he was approached with a plan to publish it.", "He was sent to Russia by Montanelli to gather ethnographical material for his job.", "For both Korovkin and Montanelli, this editorial operation was more than just a literary scherzo, it was a well considered notion that they shared, but could hardly expect to present personally due to their known ideological stands.", "Russia is a culturally feudal and idiosyncratically monarchic society, loving to hate their strong czars and falling apart under the weak ones, where the \"tyrant\" is a necessary product, simulacrum and even an \"existential victim\" of his own.", "Voice from the Orphanage: Memories of the Man Between Seasons is the English title of the novel.", "A Voice from the Chorus is considered to be one of the first ever Samizdats.", "Tertz had a thesis about Stalin's post-Perestroika perestroika orphans as opposed to the repressed mass victims of the Soviet regime.", "He predicted that a strong authoritarian ruler would return.", "The introduction was written by Montanelli and serialised in Il Giornale, making it the object of widespread interest and debate.", "The work titled Orfani di Madre-Russia; Memorie di un Cinico, written by Vadim Dubrovski, became a national bestseller.", "The memories of a Moscow courtesan were the subject of a request by the Italian publishing house Mondadori.", "Korovkin saw the offer as an opportunity to write the first ever feminist novel written by a man.", "The novel was written in English and was called Dancing with Fat Cats: Memories of a Moscow Call Girl.", "It was translated into Italian and published by Mondadori.", "Diary of a Moscow Courtesan was to be published under the original title in Russian translation and then re- published in Moscow by AST Publishers.", "It came out to wide critical praise, but apart from Katerina Nistratova, critics treated it as anti-Soviet.", "Italian journalists were eager to interview the mysterious matresse after reading the novel.", "The publication of the Korovkin's writings in Italy in the early 1990s was late because of the prestigious backing and successful initial promotion.", "The fall of the First Republic was caused by the institutionalised corruption scandal known as \"Bribesville\".", "In the wake of the nation's moral upheaval, further promotion of the \"forged\" novels was halted.", "Once a Good Man and Short Stories, Terms of Estrangement: Diaries of A Paratrooper, and Excursion: Adventures of Modigliani the Ghost were all published in Russia under his own name.", "Critique Korovkin is described as a brilliant and ferocious poet whose furious, defiant but consistently classical and elegant poetry, controlled and yet fluid, draws, without ever becoming heavy, on a very rich and varied cultural patrimony.", "Fields of Vision: Selected Poems and The Soldier's Tale is his last book of poetry.", "The title of the first piece of the volume: Looking for Faith attests to the programmatic direction of the poems.", "A large section of the book is occupied by The Soldier's Tale, a completely new rendering of the fable used by Stravinsky for the suite and inspired by the latter.", "Korovkin talks about the topic of narcissism in contemporary society in both his poetry and prose.", "Korovkin often works with American composers.", "He also works with her.", "They are working together to prepare for the publication of Morin's research for a book titled Gold Fish in a Blender: An Essay on Approaches to Communicating Contemporary Visual Art.", "There are strong secrets beyond the surface of the picnic area.", "Michael Korovkin wrote for Jakov Jakoulov's \"Sentient Webs\" for organ and cello.", "1992: Patterns of Re-Engagement: Protestant Conversions in a Southern Italian Community is a monograph.", "The Astrolabio-Ubaldini Editore is in Rome.", "Russian proverbs: translation, understanding and the principle of uncertainty were written in 1995.", "Red Hill Press is in Berkeley and Los Angeles.", "The Zombie Factory was about culture, stress and sudden death.", "Green Frigate Press is in Canada.", "Dubrovski, Vadim was a novel.", "Orfani di Madre Russia: Diario di un Cinico.", "In 1994: Volgina.", "There is a memorie in Mondadori, Milan.", "The publishing house once had a good man.", "The Diaries of a Paratrooper were written in 2002.", "Dancing With Fat Cats was held in 2003", "Vospominania Moskovskoj Kurtizanki is in St. Petersburg.", "The adventure was about Modigliani the Ghost.", "The poem caught on the line was published by Union Printing Publishers.", "In 1996: Breviario, Juliet, and Triest were illustrated.", "The Soldier's Tale Suite and Fields of Vision were illustrated by S. Morin.", "There are references to 1948 births Living people Russian anthropologists.", "Assunta faculty." ]

[ "Michael Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "” Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Michael Korov" ]

[ "Michael Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Korovkin", "Michael Korovkin" ]

[ "Paul O. Zelinsky (born 1953) is an American illustrator and writer best known for illustrating children's picture books.", "He won the 1998 Caldecott Medal for U.S. picture book illustration, for Rapunzel.", "His most popular work is Wheels On the Bus, a best-selling movable book.", "Zelinsky had been runner-up for the Caldecott Medal in 1985, 1987, and 1995, the latter for Swamp Angel by Anne Isaacs (Dutton, 1994).", "Twenty years later, they were joint runners-up for the Phoenix Picture Book Award from the Children's Literature Association, which annually recognizes the best picture book that did not win a major award 20 years earlier.", "\"Books are considered not only for the quality of their illustrations, but for the way pictures and text work together.\"", "Biography\n\nEarly life\n\nPaul O. Zelinsky was born in Evanston, Illinois, and grew up in Wilmette.", "As a child he spent much of his time drawing.", "With his friends, he would make up imaginary worlds, and draw them.", "When he was only four, he submitted work to Highlights magazine, and this is when his artwork was first showcased.", "Influential early childhood books included The Color Kittens, and The Tawny Scrawny Lion.", "About his memories of childhood reading, Zelinsky has said: \"Feelings come to me as a sort of flavor.", "I know that when I call up my earliest memories, what I remember seeing and hearing is accompanied by a flavor-like sense of what it felt like to be there and see that.\"", "(This phenomenon is known as synesthesia.)", "In later childhood, his favorite authors were William Pène du Bois, and Robert Lawson.", "He especially loved the books The Twenty-One Balloons, by du Bois, and The Fabulous Flight by Lawson.", "Career\n\nAt New Trier High School, Zelinsky was interested in natural history as well as architecture and saw himself following one of those paths for a career.", "However, he went to study at Yale.", "He took a class taught by Maurice Sendak on the history and art of children's books, and it inspired him to a career in the area.", "Zelinsky went to graduate school at the Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia and Rome.", "The Renaissance and Italian art always fascinated him, and this time in his life influenced this love as well.", "His career in children's books began in 1978 with the illustrations for Avi's Emily Upham's Revenge.", "Since then, he has continued to illustrate others' work, as well as creating his own books.", "He won the 1998 Caldecott Medal for his illustrated retelling of Rapunzel, and three Caldecott Honors (for Hansel and Gretel (1985), Rumpelstiltskin (1987), and Swamp Angel (1995)).", "His most popular book is Wheels On the Bus, which has sold millions.", "Artistic style\n\nZelinsky does not have a recognizable style, suiting his artwork and techniques to the particular nature of the book to be illustrated.", "According to Linnea Lannon in a Detroit Free Press profile of the artist, \"what has raised Zelinsky into the first rank of children's book illustrators is not just the pictures but the way they integrate with text.\"", "Zelinsky says, \"I want the pictures to speak in the same voice as the words.", "This desire has led me to try various kinds of drawings in different books.", "I have used quite a wide stretch of styles, and I'm fortunate to have been asked to illustrate such a range of stories.\"", "Wheels On the Bus and Knick-Knack Paddywhack!", "are engineered books with moving parts.", "Zelinsky is not a paper engineer himself, Rodger Smith engineered Wheels On the Bus and Andrew Baron Knick-Knack Paddywhack!.", "Books\n\nAs writer and illustrator\n The Maid and the Mouse and the Odd-Shaped House: A Story in Rhyme (1981) – adapted from a school exercise\n The Lion and the Stoat (Greenwillow Books, 1984) – based in part on natural history by Pliny the Elder \n Rumpelstiltskin, retold (1986) – Brothers Grimm\n Wheels On the Bus, paper engineer Rodger Smith (Dutton, 1990) – adapted from the children's folk song ; \"A Book with Parts that Move\" — Cover \n Rapunzel, retold (1997) – from the Brothers Grimm (1812)\n Knick-Knack Paddywhack!, paper engineer Andrew Baron (Dutton, 2002) – adapted from the nursery rhyme \"This Old Man\"; \"A Moving Parts Book Adapted from the Counting Song\" — Cover \n\nAs illustrator\n Emily Upham's Revenge, or How Deadwood Dick Saved the Banker's Niece: A Massachusetts Adventure, written by Avi (Pantheon Books, 1978)\n How I Hunted the Little Fellows, Boris Zhitkov, transl.", "from Russian by Djemma Bider (Dodd, Mead, 1979)\n The History of Helpless Harry, to Which is Added a Variety of Amusing and Entertaining Adventures, Avi (1980)\n What Amanda Saw, Naomi Lazard (1981)\n Three Romances: Love Stories from Camelot Retold, Winifred Rosen (1981)\n Ralph S. Mouse, Beverly Cleary (1982)\n The Sun's Asleep Behind the Hill, Mirra Ginsburg (1982) – adapted from an Armenian song\n The Song in the Walnut Grove, David Kherdian (1982)\n Dear Mr. Henshaw, Beverly Cleary (1983)\n Zoo Doings: Animal Poems, Jack Prelutsky (1983)\n Hansel and Gretel, retold by Rika Lesser (1984)\n The Story of Mrs. Lovewright and Her Purrless Cat, Lore Segal (1985)\n The Random House Book of Humor for Children, selected by Pamela Pollack (1988)\n The Big Book for Peace, Myra Cohn Livingston (1990)\n Strider, Beverly Cleary (1991)\n The Enchanted Castle, E. Nesbit (1992; orig.", "1907)\n More Rootabagas, posthumous collection by Carl Sandburg, ed.", "George Hendrick (1993)\n Swamp Angel, Anne Isaacs (Dutton Children's Books, 1994)\n Five Children and It, E. Nesbit (1999; orig.", "1902)\n Awful Ogre's Awful Day, Jack Prelutsky (2000) – poems\n Doodler Doodling, Rita Golden Gelman (2004) \n Toys Go Out series, children's novels by Emily Jenkins, published by Schwartz & Wade \n Toys Go Out: Being the Adventures of a Knowledgeable Stingray, a Toughy Little Buffalo, and Someone called Plastic (2006)\n Toy Dance Party: Being the Further Adventures of a Bossyboots Stingray, a Courageous Buffalo, and a Hopeful Round Someone called Plastic (2008)\n Toys Come Home: Being the Early Experiences of an Intelligent Stingray, a Brave Buffalo, and a Brand-New Someone called Plastic (2011)\n Toys Meet Snow: Being the Wintertime Adventures of a Curious Stuffed Buffalo, a Sensitive Plush Stingray, and a Book-Loving Rubber Ball (forthcoming 2015)\n The Shivers in the Fridge, Fran Manushkin (2006)\n Awful Ogre Running Wild, Jack Prelutsky (2008) – poems\n Dust Devil, Anne Isaacs (Random House/Schwartz & Wade, 2010) – sequel to Swamp Angel\n Z is for Moose, Kelly Bingham (2012)\n Earwig and the Witch, Diana Wynne Jones (2012)\n Circle, Square, Moose, Kelly Bingham (forthcoming 2014) – sequel to Z is for Moose\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n Llanas, Sheila Griffin (2012).", "Paul O. Zelinsky, Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Pub.", "Co., , 24 pp., illustrated.", "External links\n\n \n \n Biographical sketch from The Scoop\n Essay on Zelinsky and his work\n Exhibition notes: Angels to Ogres\n \n\n1953 births\nAmerican children's book illustrators\nAmerican children's writers\nCaldecott Medal winners\n20th-century illustrators of fairy tales\n21st-century illustrators of fairy tales\nLiving people" ]

[ "Paul O. Zelinsky is an American illustrator and writer best known for illustrating children's picture books.", "He won the Caldecott medal for his work.", "Wheels On the Bus is his most popular book.", "Zelinsky was runner-up for the Caldecott Medal in 1985 and 1987, and 1995 for Swamp Angel.", "The Phoenix Picture Book Award from the Children's Literature Association annually recognizes the best picture book that did not win a major award 20 years earlier.", "The way pictures and text work together is considered by books to be more important than the quality of their illustrations.", "Paul O. Zelinsky was born in Illinois and grew up in Wilmette.", "He spent a lot of time drawing as a child.", "He would draw imaginary worlds with his friends.", "He submitted his work to Highlights magazine when he was four years old.", "The Color Kittens and The Tawny Scawny Lion were influential early childhood books.", "Zelinsky said that feelings come to him as a sort of flavor.", "When I call up my earliest memories, what I remember seeing and hearing is accompanied by a sense of what it was like to be there.", "This phenomenon is called synesthesia.", "William Pne du Bois was one of his favorite authors.", "He loved the books The Twenty-One Balloons and The Fabulous Flight.", "Zelinsky was interested in natural history as well as architecture and saw himself following one of those paths for a career.", "He went to school at Yale.", "Maurice Sendak taught a class on the history and art of children's books that inspired him to pursue a career in the area.", "Zelinsky attended graduate school in Philadelphia and Rome.", "His love for the Renaissance and Italian art was influenced by this time in his life.", "His career in children's books began in 1978 with the illustrations for Emily Upham's Revenge.", "He has created his own books as well as illustrating others' work.", "He won three Caldecott honors, including the Caldecott Medal, for his illustrations of Rumpelstiltskin and Swamp Angel.", "Wheels On the Bus has sold millions of copies.", "Zelinsky does not have a recognizable style, but his techniques and artwork fit the nature of the book to be illustrated.", "According to Linnea Lannon in a Detroit Free Press profile of the artist, Zelinsky was raised into the first rank of children's book illustrators because of the way they integrate with text.", "Zelinsky wants the pictures to speak in the same voice as the words.", "I have been trying different kinds of drawings in different books.", "I'm fortunate to have been asked to illustrate a wide range of stories, because I have used a wide range of styles.", "There are Wheels On the Bus and Knick-Knack.", "There are books with moving parts.", "Zelinsky is not a paper engineer.", "The Maid and the Mouse and the Odd-Shaped House: A Story in Rhyme is a story based on natural history.", "The History of Helpless Harry was written by Djemma Bider.", "Carl Sandburg wrote a posthumous collection of more rootabagas.", "Five Children and It, E. Nesbit was written by George Hendrick.", "Jack Prelutsky's Awful Day was published in 2000 while Rita Golden Gelman's toys go out series was published in 2004.", "Paul O. Zelinsky is from Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "Co., 24 pp., is illustrated.", "There is a biographical sketch from The Scoop on Zelinsky and his work." ]

[ "Paul O", ". Zelinsky", "Paul O", ". Zelinsky", "Zelinsky", "Paul O" ]

[ "Paul O", ". Zelinsky", "Zelinsky", "Paul O", ". Zelinsky", "Zelinsky", "Zelinsky", "Zelinsky", "Zelinsky", "Paul O", ". Zelinsky", "Zelinsky" ]

[ "Park Young-geun (1958~2006) was a South Korean poet.", "He was in the front lines of many labor and democratization movements, and he portrays the lives and emotions of these protestors using vivid language in his writing.", "Park is well-known as the original author of the widely popular protest song from the 1990s, \"Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree\" (솔아 푸르른 솔아).", "Life\n\nPre-debut \nPark was born in 1958, in Buan County, North Jeolla Province.", "Because of his parent’s enthusiasm for education, Park spent years away from his hometown, graduating from Iksan Middle School and Jeonju Highschool.", "As a high school student, he was an avid reader of Changbi Magazine, Sasanggye Magazine, and explored the works of Go Un, Hwang Seok-young, Kim Ji Ha and many others.", "His statements at school on the October Restoration and the made him a person put under surveillance by his school.", "Deciding that the repressive school life would no longer be necessary, Park eventually withdrew himself from high school.", "The next year, he joined the high school literary circle and published a passionate poem in the style of Soviet Revolutionary poet Vladimir Mayakovsky.", "He subsequently faced hardships as he had his home searched and was taken into custody at the police station for 20 days.", "After this, he went to Seoul to participate in the labor movements and Christian Young Adult movements while continuing to write poems.", "He officially made his debut as a poet with the publication of poems such as \"Suyurieso\" (수유리에서 In Suyuri)\n\nAfter his debut \nIn 1982, while working at a book-binding factory in the Guro Industrial Complex, Park actively engaged with activists in labor movements, student movements, culture movements of the masses, and Christian democracy movements.", "He participated as one of the leaders for various cultural activities and meetings, and founded the Folk Song Research Association (민요연구회) along with Shin Kyeong-nim, Im Jintaek, Jeong Huiseong, Gim Jeonghwan, and others.", "In 1984, he published a poetry collection, Chwieopgonggopan apeseo (취업공고판 앞에서 In Front of the Job Search Board) and a prose collection, Gongjangoksange olla (공장옥상에 올라 Up on the Factory Rooftop).", "Afterwards, he relocated to Bupyeong, Incheon until the 1990s living as a laborer and activist, while trying to faithfully reflect the realities of life as a worker in his writings.", "Furthermore, he participated in producing a video about Bak Jongcheol and worked at various publishing companies as a committee planning member or as an editor for literary magazines.", "In 1987, Park’s poem \"Baekje #6 Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree\" - from the collection Chwieopgonggopan apeseo was adapted by An Chi-hwan for the song \"Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree\".", "\"Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree\" became a favorite song on college campuses and at labor strikes.", "Park won the Shin Dongyup Prize in 1994 and the Baeksok Literature Award in 2003.", "He died of a long-term illness in 2006.", "The Park Young-geun Award was established in 2015, and his entire collected work was published in 2016 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of his death.", "Writing\n\nPoetry collection from the 1980s \nA major theme in Park’s works up until the second half of the 1980s is the everyday life and struggles of the worker.", "These works are based on Park’s own experiences as a worker and the activist.", "That is, in the 1980s labor was the basic condition for Park to write his poetry.", "However, as the times changed, Park’s poems also changed.", "Chwieopgonggopan apeseo (1984) discusses the unstable lives for Korean workers in the 70s and 80s.", "However, from the words of a poetic narrator, it is difficult to find solidarity or the worker’s fighting spirit.", "For example, the narrator in the title poem \"In Front of the Job Search Board\" has been recently discharged from the army and stands face to face with the job search board grasping onto his resume in his hopeless situation.", "Therefore, the poetic narrator’s interests cannot realistically describe the worker’s reality or suggest any sort of prospect of freedom to the workers.", "Rather, the prominent idea in this collection is people’s existential sadness as they are unable to claim their own space and must wander among the periphery of the city, while holding onto the longing and pity for family in their hometown.", "This aspect of Park’s poems can be seen as a result of the poet’s own past, as he was made to leave his hometown and make his own living in another city.", "Daeyeol (대열 Workers Queue)(1987) in comparison, discusses the worker becoming clearly aware of their own class identity, and foregrounds the conflict between worker unity and the fight against capitalism.", "The poet’s struggle is finding effective methods while experimenting with various poetic forms.", "This includes adding poetic verses to a prose poem, or copying a whole wall of graffiti from factories onto the page, for example.", "What the poet wants most importantly out of these experiments is to establish a junction between poetry and reality.", "The opening lines from Pojang senteo (포장 센터 Packing Station), \"The break bell rang and as I went to the bathroom I glanced at the shipping area lounge, and I stared at those dirty truck drivers and loading dock workers start to gamble\", this passage reflects how the poet clearly understands the realities of the workers and their struggles.", "Through works such as \"Nongseongjangui bam\" (농성장의 밤 Strike Site Night), \"Jabonga\" (자본가 The Capitalist), \"Amerika\" (아메리카 America), \"Ssaum jeonya\" (싸움 전야 The Eve of the Fight), and others, Park, from the title alone, is able to capture the subject matter and themes of labor struggle.", "Park is able to present almost every aspect of 1980s labor reality in his vivid writing.", "Poetry collection from the 1990s \nIn Gimmisunjeon (김미순전 The life of Gim Misun)(1993), the poetic narrator appears as an individual, rather than as a member of a community who voices solidarity to fellow workers.", "The optimism toward the worker’s struggles and will are pushed to the background, while fading memories of the struggles in the past are presented with painful emotion.", "These changes reflect the rapid decline and stagnation of Korea’s labor movements in the 1990s.", "Park’s last poetry collection published during his lifetime was Jeo kkochi bulpyeonhada (저 꽃이 불편하다That Flower is Uncomfortable) (2002); Park gazes upon the path that he has walked.", "\"Gil\" (길 Road) describes the road he has taken until this point, describing it as desolate winter scenery.", "Although, the poet arrives at home at the end of his difficult journey, he is unable to find any vestige of those that he tenderly remembers.", "Ultimately, the poet finds himself wandering endlessly without a home.", "The self-awareness of the poet that he is standing on the road, in spite of all that, enables him to endure the weight of life’s futility and maintain the tension of existence in reality.", "Works\n\nAnthology \n <솔아 푸른 솔아>, 강 , 2009.", "/ Sora pureun sora (Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree), Gang, 2009 \n <박영근 전집> 1·2 ,실천문학사,  2016.", "/ Bagyeonggeun jeonjip (Park Young-geun Collection), Silcheonmunhaksa, 2016\n\nCollected works \n <취업공고판 앞에서>,  청사, 1984 / Chwieopgonggopan apeseo (In Front of the Job Search Board), Cheongsa, 1984 \n <대열>, 풀빛 , 1987.", "/ Daeyeol (Workers Queue), Pulbit, 1987 \n <김미순전(傳)>,  실천문학사 , 1993.", "/ Gimmisunjeon (The life of Gim Misun), Silcheonmunhaksa, 1993 \n < 지금도 그 별은 눈뜨는가> 창비, 1997.", "/ Jigeumdo geu byeoreun nuntteuneunga (Does the Star Open its Eyes Still), Changbi, 1997.", "<저 꽃이 불편하다>, 창비,2002.", "/ Jeo kkochi bulpyeonhada (That Flower is Uncomfortable), Changbi, 2002 \n <별자리에 누워 흘러가다>, 창비, 2007.", "/ Byeoljarie nuwo heulleogada (Floating on Constellations), Changbi, 2007\n\nProse collections \n <공장 옥상에 올라>,  풀빛 , 1984.", "/ Gongjangoksange olla (Up on the Factory Rooftop), Pulbit, 1984\n\nEssays \n <오늘, 나는 시의 숲길을 걷는다>, 실천문학사 ,  2004.", "/ Oneul, naneun siui supgireul geonneunda (Today, I Walk through the Path in the Poetry Forest), Silcheonmunhaksa, 2004\n\nWorks in translation\n\nAwards  \n Shin Dongyup Prize (1994)\n Baeksok Literature Award (2003)\n\nReferences \n\n1958 births\n2006 deaths\n20th-century Korean poets\nKorean male poets\nPeople from North Jeolla Province" ]

[ "Park Young-geun was a South Korean poet.", "He used vivid language in his writing to portray the lives and emotions of the labor and democratization movements that he was in.", "The original author of the protest song \"Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree\" is Park.", "Life Pre-debut Park was born in Buan County.", "Park spent years away from his hometown because of his parent's enthusiasm for education.", "He was an avid reader of many magazines as a high school student, including Changbi Magazine, Sasanggye Magazine, and many others.", "He was put under observation by his school because of his statements at school.", "Park decided that the repressive school life would no longer be necessary.", "He joined the high school literary circle and wrote a poem in the style of a soviet revolutionary poet.", "He was taken into custody at the police station for 20 days after his home was searched.", "He participated in the labor movements and Christian Young Adult movements while writing poems.", "Park made his debut as a poet with the publication of poems such as \"Suyurieso\" ( In Suyuri) after working at a book-binding factory in the Guro Industrial Complex.", "He founded the Folk Song Research Association along with Shin Kyeong-nim, Im Jintaek, and others.", "He published a poetry collection and a prose collection in 1984.", "He lived as a laborer and activist in Bupyeong, Incheon until the 1990s, while trying to faithfully reflect the realities of life as a worker in his writings.", "He worked as an editor for literary magazines and as a committee planning member at various publishing companies.", "The song \"Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree\" was adapted from the poem \"Baekje #6 Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree\" by An Chi-hwan.", "At labor strikes, \"Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree\" became a favorite song.", "Park won the Shin Dongyup Prize in 1994 and the Baeksok Literature Award in 2003", "He died of a long-term illness.", "The Park Young-geun Award was established in 2015, and his entire collected work was published in 2016 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of his death.", "The everyday life and struggles of the worker is a major theme in Park's works up until the second half of the 1980s.", "The works are based on Park's experiences as a worker and an activist.", "The basic condition for Park to write his poetry in the 1980s was labor.", "Park's poems changed as the times changed.", "Korean workers had unstable lives in the 70s and 80s.", "It is hard to find solidarity or the worker's fighting spirit from the words of a poetic narrator.", "In front of the job search board, the narrator in the title poem \"In Front of the Job Search Board\" has recently been discharged from the army and stands face to face with the board trying to find him a job.", "It is not possible for the poetic narrator's interests to accurately describe the worker's reality or suggest any sort of prospect of freedom to the workers.", "The main idea in this collection is people's sadness as they are unable to claim their own space and must wander among the periphery of the city while holding onto the longing and pity for family in their hometown.", "As a result of his own past, Park was forced to leave his hometown and live in another city in his poems.", "The conflict between worker unity and the fight against capitalism is foregrounded in Daeyeol.", "While experimenting with various poetic forms, the poet is trying to find effective methods.", "Adding poetic verse to a poem can be done by copying a wall of graffiti from factories onto the page.", "The poet wants to establish a junction between poetry and reality.", "\"The break bell rang and as I went to the bathroom I looked at the shipping area lounge and saw those dirty truck drivers and loading dock workers start to gamble\" is the opening line of the poem.", "Through works such as \"Nongseongjangui bam\", \"Jabonga\", \"Amerika\", and \"Ssaum jeonya\".", "In his vivid writing, Park presents almost every aspect of 1980s labor reality.", "In Gimmisunjeon ( The life of Gim Misun)( 1993), the poetic narrator appears as an individual, rather than as a member of a community who voices solidarity to fellow workers.", "While fading memories of the struggles in the past are presented with painful emotion, the optimism toward the worker's struggles and will is pushed to the background.", "The decline and stagnation of Korea's labor movements in the 1990s are reflected in these changes.", "Park last published a poetry collection in 2002 called Jeo kkochi bulpyeonhada.", "\"Gil\" describes the road he has taken as a desolate winter scenery.", "At the end of his difficult journey, the poet is unable to find any vestige of those that he cherishes.", "The poet wanders without a home.", "The self-awareness of the poet that he is standing on the road, in spite of all that, allows him to endure the weight of life's futility and maintain the tension of existence in reality.", "The works anthology was published in 2009.", "Sora pureun sora (Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree), Gang, 2009, 12", "Collected works >,, 1984 are from the Park Young-geun Collection.", "Pulbit, 1987 ()>, Daeyeol, 1993", "The life of Gim Misun was published in 1993.", "Changbi, 1997, Jigeumdo geu byeoreun nuntteuneunga.", ", 2002", "Jeo kkochi bulpyeonhada is \"That Flower is Uncomfortable\".", "Byeoljarie nuwo heulleogada is a collection of Prose collections.", "Pulbit, 1984 Essays, \"Up on the Factory Rooftop\", was published in 2004.", "\"Today, I Walk through the Path in the Poetry Forest\" is a work by Oneul." ]

[ "Park Young g", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park" ]

[ "Park Young g", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park", "Park" ]

[ "\"Captain\" James Maclaine (occasionally \"Maclean\", \"MacLean\", or \"Maclane\") (1724 – 3 October 1750) was an Irish man of a respectable presbyterian family who had a brief but notorious career as a mounted highwayman in London with his accomplice William Plunkett.", "He was known as \"The Gentleman Highwayman\" as a result of his courteous behaviour during his robberies, and obtained a certain kind of celebrity.", "Notoriously, he held up and robbed Horace Walpole at gunpoint: eventually he was hanged at Tyburn.", "The film Plunkett & Macleane was based loosely on his exploits.", "Young life\nMaclaine was the younger of two sons of a Scots-Irish presbyterian minister, the Revd.", "Thomas (?or Lauchlin) Maclaine of 1st Monaghan Presbyterian Church in Ireland.", "His mother, Elizabeth (née Milling) died when he was five or six years old, and his father when he was sixteen or seventeen.", "He came of a family of many ministers, his grandfather (a Gaelic-speaking clergyman in the Church of Scotland) having received a calling to Ireland from Argyllshire in 1698.", "His elder brother Archibald Maclaine (1722-1804) was educated in Glasgow and followed his own vocation as presbyterian minister, scholar and royal preceptor in the Netherlands between 1746 and 1796, famous as the first translator (1765) of Johann Lorenz von Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History (of 1726).", "Educated to become a merchant, James Maclaine frittered away his inheritance in Dublin on fine clothes, gambling and prostitutes.", "Such inheritance as James received had mostly been dissipated by the time he was 20, and his mother's relations soon quarreled with him and refused to give him any assistance.", "He attached himself to the domestic service of a Mr Howard in order to travel to England, and stayed with him for a while, but got into low company and, leaving without testimonials, returned to Ireland.", "His mother's kin still refusing to help, his brother sent him subsidies and letters of good advice from The Hague: these proving insufficient, he considered joining the Irish Brigade in the French army, but was told that he would make little progress with them unless he became a Roman Catholic, which he was unwilling to do.", "He next persuaded his old master, Colonel T-----n, to take him to England as a domestic servant, planning to acquire his fortune through an advantageous marriage.", "He borrowed money from the Colonel to purchase a commission, but that went the same way, and he considered enlisting in Lord Albemarle's horse troops.", "He disgraced himself by having an affair with an officer's wife.", "His friends in London raised a small subscription to enable him to ship for Jamaica, but he took the money to the Masquerades (i.e.", "the public gardens) and squandered it at the gaming tables.", "At length he found himself a wife, the daughter of an innkeeper or horse-dealer in Oxford Road, London, whom he married in about 1746.", "With the dowry of five hundred pounds Maclaine set himself up as a grocer in Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square.", "This was no great success, however, as he did not apply himself very much, though his neighbours could not afterwards point to any real misdemeanour in his behaviour at that time.", "Two daughters were born to them, one of whom survived, but his wife died within three years.", "His mother-in-law, who had a good opinion of Maclaine, took charge of the surviving daughter.", "It was during his wife's illness that he met William Plunkett, an apothecary, who attended her.", "His business failing, owing (by his own account) to \"an unavoidable trust reposed in servants\", he sold off his stock and with whatever remained he turned his mind again to a military career.", "However, in passing himself off as a young gentleman in search of another wealthy wife, he had neither the funds nor the habitude necessary to rise above the accompanying inducements to profligacy.", "Plunkett is said to have acted the part of gentleman's assistant as Maclaine, immaculately presented, paid court to a young lady worth more than £10,000 a year; but on one occasion when they had followed her to a spa, Maclaine had an argument with an apothecary in the public rooms.", "This person employed a military man to kick Maclaine down the stairs, while stating publicly that he knew Maclaine had been a footman only a few years previously.", "Plunkett and Maclaine were obliged to make a hasty and informal departure.", "Highwayman\n\nBy his own account, Maclaine embarked on his career of crime about six months after his wife's death.", "At his interrogation he was encouraged to lay evidence against his accomplices, and at his trial he sought to lay a good deal of the blame for his course of life upon Plunkett (who was never caught or tried), so his narrative may not be entirely accurate.", "He claimed that Plunkett, a fellow-Irishman, had led him to believe he had travelled abroad, and persuaded Maclaine to employ him in his household and to lend him £100, part of which was paid back sporadically.", "Maclaine explained his melancholy to Plunkett as his money was running out, and Plunkett replied,\"Honey, I thought, Maclean, thou hadst Spirit and Resolution, with some Knowledge of the World.", "A brave Man cannot want; he has a Right to live, and need not want the Conveniencies of Life, while the dull, plodding, busy Knaves carry Cash in their Pockets.", "We must draw upon them to supply our Wants, there need only Impudence, and getting the better of a few silly Scruples; there is scarce Courage necessary, all we have to deal with are such mere Poltroons.\"", "Accordingly, Plunkett and Mclaine joined together and went on the road as highwaymen, agreeing to share the spoils equally.", "They wore Venetian masks to cover their faces.", "Their first enterprize was on Hounslow Heath, where they held up a grazier coming away from Smithfield Market, and relieved him of £60.", "This was so successful that they decided to continue, and their next action was to hold up a coach on the road coming into London from St Albans.", "They approached on horseback from either side with pistols drawn.", "Maclaine said he was so nervous that it was left to Plunkett to call out the demands.", "Plunkett began to upbraid him for his lack of courage, and Maclaine cried out \"He needs must whom the devil drives.", "I am over shoes and must over boots.\"", "Afterwards, to prove himself, Maclaine alone held up a gentleman on horseback in Hyde Park and relieved him of his money and his watch.", "They committed around 20 highway robberies in six months, often in the then-relatively untamed Hyde Park: their victims included Sir Thomas Robinson of Vienna, and Mrs Talbot.", "Maclaine was only once in fear of being discovered.", "To allay suspicion he stayed awhile with his brother in Holland, giving him a false account of his means of living, and was introduced to polite dancing assemblies, where various purses and watches went missing.", "In November 1749 occurred their most famous exploit, when, in Hyde Park between 9 and 10 o'clock at night, they held up the writer and antiquary Horace Walpole.", "One pointed a blunderbuss at the coachman, while the other put his pistol through the window of the carriage.", "Walpole wrote,\"One night, in the beginning of November, 1749, as I was returning from Holland House by moonlight, about ten o'clock, I was attacked by two highwaymen in Hyde Park, and the pistol of one of them going off accidentally, raised the skin under my eye, left some marks of shot in my face, and stunned me.", "The ball went through the top of the chariot, and if I had sat an inch nearer to the left side, must have gone through my head.", "\"'Letters nos.", "310-314, to Sir Horace Mann', in P. Cunningham (ed.", "), The Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Orford, 9 Vols (John Grant, Edinburgh 1906), II, pp.", "218-230, passim (Internet Archive).", "They took his watch and purse, his sword, and some money from the footman.", "Soon afterwards, Maclaine sent Walpole a letter (as from \"A.B.", "and C.D.\")", "offering him first refusal to buy back his stolen possessions, indicating that he should send a servant with the money to a rendezvous at Tyburn, and threatening fatal consequences to Walpole if he betrayed them.", "He suggested he sent the footman, as he wanted to give the man his money back.", "The thieves were often restrained and courteous, earning Maclaine the sobriquet \"The Gentleman Highwayman\".", "Living in St James's Street (next door to White's), he was now passing himself off as an Irish gentleman worth £700 a year, and he and Plunkett (who had lodgings in Jermyn Street) were said to be well-known figures about St James's.", "Maclaine kept company with some noted \"Ladies of the Town\", and also with certain \"Women of Fortune and Reputation\" who were so unguarded as to admit him to their society.", "He worked his way into the affections of a Lady who deserved better, but she was saved from ruin when a gentleman revealed to her Maclaine's character.", "He had a sufficiently low opinion of Maclaine's respectability that he was able to decline the duel which Maclaine consequently offered him.", "This may have been a different challenge to that which Maclaine offered to a British officer at Putney Bowling Green in the spring of 1750.", "The officer, who had disparaged him, declined to fight him until he should give proof of his respectable origins.", "Maclaine had recently obtained a certificate attesting to his descent from the nobility.", "Arrest and examinations\nOn 26 June 1750, Plunkett and Maclaine held up the coach of the Earl of Eglinton on Hounslow Heath.", "Plunkett went forward of the carriage and took hold of the postilion, so that Lord Eglinton, who was carrying his famous blunderbuss, could not fire at him without killing his own servant.", "Maclaine, who was behind, commanded his Lordship to throw his blunderbuss out of the chaise, or he would \"blow his brains through his face\".", "They took the blunderbuss, together with a portmanteau and 50 guineas.", "Between one and two o'clock in the morning of the same day, they held up the flying coach at Chiswick, between Turnham Green and Brentford, which was carrying six passengers on its way to Salisbury going westward out of London.", "Wearing masks and carrying pistols, they demanded money from the passengers.", "When one, Josiah Higden, gave them a few shillings, he was told this was not enough.", "They ordered him out of the carriage, took more money out of his pockets, and threatened to blow his brains out for concealing it.", "They then obliged the coachman to help them to take two clothes trunks out of the coach boot, and rode off with them.", "One belonged to Mr Higden, and was later found empty in Kensington Gravel Pits.", "(This Josiah Higden was possibly the apothecary of Sackville Street who in May 1750 was involved in the will of Walter Chetwynd of Old Grendon, and in 1763 was elected Master of the Society of Apothecaries of London.)", "After this robbery, information on the stolen items was circulated and led to Maclaine's arrest.", "He stripped the lace from a waistcoat taken in the robbery and attempted to sell it to a pawnbroker in Monmouth Street, who by chance took it to the same man who had just sold the lace and recognised it.", "Rather than returning home to fetch the money to pay for the lace, the man alerted a constable and Maclaine was arrested.", "When the premises were searched many of the other things the men had stolen, including Lord Eglington's blunderbuss and coat, were uncovered.", "They also found a frock coat with a pair of loaded pistols in the pockets.", "Walpole wrote, \"...there were a wardrobe of clothes, three-and-twenty purses, and the celebrated blunderbuss found at his lodgings, besides a famous kept mistress.\"", "The latter distinction was claimed by, or for, Fanny Murray.", "Josiah Higden, \"whose word and honour are too well known to doubt the truth\", decided to press charges, saying he went through with it \"in duty to my country\".", "At his arrest (which was on 27 July 1750), Maclaine was first taken for examination before Mr Justice Lediard.", "He began by denying the charges, and was committed to the Newgate, but very soon afterwards sent a message that he wished to make a confession.", "He was willing to implicate Plunkett, but the judge advised him that he would need to give them more names if he hoped for leniency, and gave him time to think about it.", "At his second Examination, on 1 August 1750, Maclaine declared himself to be guilty and wept piteously before the justices, but could still name only Plunkett as his confederate in crime.", "He brought with him a written confession, unsigned, which Mr Justice Lediard left in his hands.", "A well-known print (an \"Exact Representation\"), showing Maclaine and \"his accomplice\" holding up Lord Eglinton's carriage, was published on 13 August 1750, about a month before his trial.", "The trial at the Old Bailey was held on 12 September, and related specifically to the robbery of Josiah Higden.", "The indictment was that Maclean had made an assault on Higden on the King's Highway, putting him in corporal fear and danger of his life.", "(This was the capital offence.)", "It enumerated the goods taken, including a cloth coat, a pair of cloth breeches, a periwig, a pair of pumps, five holland shirts, three linen stocks, two pairs of stockings, one silk and one worsted, a pair of gloves, a pair of silver spurs and a pair of silver shoe-buckles, a pair of knee buckles, half a pound of tea and other necessaries, including two guineas which Mr Higden had about his person.", "Trial and execution\n\nAt Maclaine's trial at the Old Bailey, on 12 September 1750, he changed his plea again to Not Guilty, claiming that his former confession under examination had been the product of shock and mental derangement arising from the suddenness and unexpectedness of his arrest.", "He claimed that he had Mr Higden's coat and other belongings because Plunkett had given them to him in lieu of the remaining money that he owed him, and he (Maclaine) had no idea that they were stolen.", "The jury did not believe him.", "The trial became a fashionable society occasion.", "A contemporary broadside includes an illustration: a Lady (perhaps Lady Caroline Petersham) is shown appearing as a character witness.", "One of the justices is saying, \"What has your Ladyship to say in favour of the Prisoner at the Bar?", "\", and she replies, \"My Lord, I have had the Pleasure to know him well, he has often been about my House and I never lost anything.\"", "Lord Eglinton declined to testify against him, and Walpole, reporting Maclaine's condemnation in a letter dated 20 September, added, \"I am honourably mentioned in a Grub Street ballad for not having contributed to his sentence.\"", "His romantic circumstances touched many hearts: a print entitled \"Newgates Lamentation, or the Ladys Last Farewell of Macleane\" illustrates visitors to his cell.", "He reputedly received nearly 3,000 guests while imprisoned at the Newgate, including a visitation en masse from White's, and his room became so hot that he fainted more than once.", "While under sentence his portrait was drawn from the life and afterwards engraved by Louis Peter Boitard.", "His brother Archibald, the minister and translator, though he was revolted and heartbroken by his brother's crimes and had often warned him of the consequences of his dissolute behaviour, wrote a letter from Utrecht to intercede with the court for mercy for his brother, and also wrote to James himself and to Dr Allen, the minister who attended him.", "Archibald expressed deep conflict between his compassion for the sinful man, his duty to uphold the path of righteousness, and his uncertainty of the true nature of his brother's repentance.", "The letter written by Archibald Maclaine to his \"Unhappy Brother\" on 22 September 1750 was a call to absolute repentance before God in knowledge of the coming Judgement.", "Dr Allen recorded his eventual narrative of confession.", "He was convicted: the jury brought him in Guilty without going out of court.", "No remission was forthcoming, despite various signs of penitence shown by the prisoner.", "When the judge asked him why he should not be sentenced, Maclaine, who had prepared a short speech expressing his contrition and pleading for mercy, was unable to say more than one or two words, \"My lord, I cannot speak,\" and stood in silence.", "The poet Thomas Gray, in his poem \"A Long Story\", referred to this when he wrote,\"A sudden fit of ague shook him,He stood as mute as poor McLean.\"", "He was hanged at Tyburn on 3 October 1750.", "Dr Allen reported that a young fellow-prisoner who had kept him company sat up with Maclaine through his last night in prayer and devotion, and as Maclaine got into the cart to take him to Tyburn he was heard to say, \"Oh my God!", "I have forsaken thee!", "But I will trust in thee!\"", "A great crowd attended the execution, before whom he maintained a steady composure, and his last words to them were, \"O God, forgive my enemies, bless my friends and receive my soul!\"", "A later publication tells that, as the cart was about to be drawn from under him, a witness heard him say, \"I must never more behold this beauteous sun!", "Do thou, O sun of righteousness, shine on my departing soul.\"", "In popular culture\n\nMaclaine could not have been the model for Captain Macheath, antihero of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera (reinvented by Berthold Brecht as \"Mack the Knife\"), because The Beggar's Opera was written in 1728, when Maclaine was only four.", "(The preferred claimant for that distinction is Jack Sheppard.)", "Rather, Maclaine's romantic image owed something to the popular example of Macheath, the chivalrous highwayman, reinforced by the fact that Macheath's character in some measure satirized Sir Robert Walpole (1st Earl of Orford, died 1745), Horace Walpole's father.", "Horace Walpole alluded to this when he wrote, in 1750, that Lady Caroline Petersham and Miss Ashe were the chief personages visiting and weeping over Maclaine, and referred to them as \"Polly\" and \"Lucy\" (meaning Polly Peachum and Lucy Lockit, characters in the drama).", "He asked them if Maclaine did not sing \"Thus I stand like the Turk with his doxies around\", which was one of Macheath's songs.", "After Maclaine was hanged, he earned a mention in the poem The Modern Fine Lady by Soame Jenyns: as an aside after the line \"She weeps if but a handsome thief is hung\" the following note was added: \"Some of the brightest eyes were at this time in tears for one McLean, condemned for robbery on the highway.\"", "After his death his body was dissected and his skeleton was suspended for display in a niche in the Surgeons' Hall in London.", "William Hogarth included a representation of Maclaine's skeleton in the final plate of his series The Four Stages of Cruelty.", "Maclaine's execution was the subject of a Cheap Repository Tract of 1795, which went through several editions.", "A modern fictionalised portrayal of Maclaine's life appears in the 1999 film Plunkett & Macleane, in which he was played by Jonny Lee Miller.", "References\n\n1724 births\n1750 deaths\n1749 crimes\nIrish highwaymen\nPeople executed by the Kingdom of Great Britain\nPeople executed for robbery\nPeople executed by England and Wales by hanging\n18th-century British criminals" ]

[ "\"Captain\" James Maclaine was an Irish man of a respectable presbyterian family who had a brief but notorious career as a mounted highwayman in London.", "He was known as \"The Gentleman Highwayman\" due to his courteous behavior during his robberies, and he obtained a certain kind of celebrity.", "He held up and robbed a man at gun point, and was executed at Tyburn.", "The film was based on his exploits.", "Maclaine was the younger of two sons of a Scots-Irish presbyterian minister.", "Maclaine is a member of the 1st Monaghan Presbyterian Church in Ireland.", "His mother and father died when he was young.", "His grandfather received a call to Ireland from Argyllshire in 1698 and was a minister in the Church of Scotland.", "He was educated in Glasgow and followed in his brother's footsteps as a presbyterian minister, scholar and royal preceptor in the Netherlands between 1746 and 1796.", "James Maclaine spent his inheritance in Dublin on prostitutes, fine clothes and gambling.", "James' inheritance was dissipated by the time he was 20, and his mother's relations quarreled with him and refused to give him any assistance.", "He attached himself to the domestic service of a Mr Howard in order to travel to England and stayed with him for a while, but got into low company and left without testimonials.", "He considered joining the Irish brigade in the French army, but was told that he would make little progress with them unless he became a Roman Catholic.", "He persuaded his master to take him to England as a domestic servant so that he could get his fortune through a marriage.", "He borrowed money from the Colonel to purchase a commission, but he also considered joining the horse troops.", "He had an affair with an officer's wife.", "His friends in London raised a small amount of money to send him to Jamaica, but he took the money to the Masquerades.", "It was wasted at the gaming tables.", "He married the daughter of a horse-dealer in Oxford Road, London, in 1746.", "Maclaine had five hundred pounds and set up a store in Cavendish Square.", "He did not apply himself very much and his neighbours could not point to any bad behavior at that time.", "Two daughters were born to them, one of which survived, but his wife died within three years.", "His mother-in-law was the one who took charge of the surviving daughter.", "He met William Plunkett during his wife's illness.", "He turned his mind to a military career after selling off his stock because of his failing business.", "In passing himself off as a young gentleman in search of another wealthy wife, he had neither the funds nor the habitude necessary to rise above the accompanying inducements to profligacy.", "Maclaine, well presented, paid court to a young lady worth more than £10,000 a year, but on one occasion when they had followed her to a spa, he had an argument with an apothecary in the public rooms.", "Maclaine was kicked down the stairs by a military man who stated publicly that he knew Maclaine was a footman.", "They had to make a hasty and informal departure.", "Maclaine started his career of crime six months after his wife's death.", "At his interrogation he was encouraged to lay evidence against his co-conspirators, and at his trial he sought to lay a lot of the blame for his life upon Plunkett, so his narrative may not be entirely accurate.", "He claimed that he had been persuaded by a fellow-Irishman to believe he had traveled abroad and that he had been employed by Maclaine and given a small amount of money.", "As his money was running out, Maclaine explained his melancholy to Plunkett, and he replied with some knowledge of the world.", "While the dull, plodding, busy Knaves carry cash in their pockets, a brave man cannot want; he has a right to live.", "We need to draw upon them to give us our wants, there is only Impudence, and we need Courage, all we have to deal with are Poltroons.", "They agreed to share the spoils equally when they joined together as highwaymen.", "They wore Venetian masks.", "They held up a grazier coming away from the market and relieved him of his money.", "Their next action was to hold up a coach on the road coming into London from St Albans, because this was so successful.", "They were on horseback and had pistols drawn.", "Maclaine said that it was left to Plunkett to call out the demands.", "Maclaine cried out \"He needs to whom the devil drives\" as Plunkett upbraided him for his lack of courage.", "I am tired of shoes and boots.", "Maclaine held up a gentleman on horseback in Hyde Park and relieved him of his money and watch in order to prove himself.", "They committed around 20 highway robberies in six months and their victims included Sir Thomas Robinson of Vienna and Mrs Talbot.", "Maclaine was afraid of being discovered once.", "He stayed with his brother in Holland and gave him a false account of his means of living in order to allay suspicions.", "In November 1749, they held up the writer and antiquary in Hyde Park between 9 and 10 o'clock at night.", "One pointed a blunderbuss at the coachman, while the other put his pistol through the window of the carriage.", "One night in the beginning of November, 1749, I was attacked by two highwaymen in Hyde Park, and the pistol of one of them going off accidentally, raised the skin under my eye.", "If I sat an inch closer to the left side, the ball would have gone through my head.", "\"'Letters nos.", "P. Cunningham wrote a letter to Sir Horace Mann.", "The letters of the fourth Earl of Orford were written in 1906.", "The Internet Archive has passim.", "They took his watch, purse, and sword.", "Maclaine sent a letter to Walpole.", "and C.D.", "If he betrayed them, he should be sent a servant with the money to rendezvous at Tyburn and warned of fatal consequences if he didn't.", "He wanted to give the man his money back, so he sent the footman.", "Maclaine earned the sobriquet \"The Gentleman Highwayman\" because the thieves were restrained and courteous.", "He was living in St James's Street, next to White's, and he was passing himself off as an Irish gentleman in order to make more money.", "Maclaine kept company with some women who were so unguarded as to admit him to their society.", "He worked his way into the affections of a Lady who deserved better, but she was saved from ruin when a gentleman revealed to her Maclaine's character.", "He was able to decline the duel because of his low opinion of Maclaine's respectability.", "This may have been a different challenge than the one offered to the British officer in the spring of 1750.", "The officer wouldn't fight him until he gave proof of his respectable origins.", "A certificate attesting to Maclaine's descent from the nobility was recently obtained.", "The Earl of Eglinton's coach was held up on June 26, 1750.", "He took hold of the postilion so that Lord Eglinton could not fire at him without killing his own servant.", "Maclaine commanded his Lordship to throw his blunderbuss out or he would blow his brains through his face.", "They took the blunderbuss with 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884", "In the morning of the same day, they held up the flying coach at Chiswick, between Turnham Green and Brentford, which was carrying six passengers on its way to Salisbury.", "They demanded money from the passengers.", "He was told this was not enough when he gave them a few shillings.", "They ordered him out of the carriage, took money out of his pockets, and threatened to blow his brains out for concealing it.", "The coachman helped them to remove the clothes trunks from the coach boot.", "The one that belonged to Mr Higden was found empty in the Gravel Pits.", "In 1763, the Master of the Society of Apothecaries of London was elected, and in May 1750, the apothecary of Sackville Street was involved in the will of Walter Chetwynd.", "Information on the stolen items led to Maclaine's arrest.", "He tried to sell the lace from the waistcoat that was taken in the robbery to a pawnbroker, who by chance took it to the same man who had just sold it.", "The man didn't return home to get the money to pay for the lace, so he called the police.", "Lord Eglington's coat and blunderbuss were found when the premises were searched.", "They found a coat with loaded pistols in the pockets.", "There was a wardrobe of clothes, three-and-twenty purses, and celebrated blunderbuss found at his lodgings, besides a famous kept mistress.", "The distinction was claimed by someone.", "\"My word and honour are too well known to doubt the truth, so I went through with the charges,\" said Higden.", "Maclaine was first examined by Mr Justice Lediard after his arrest.", "After denying the charges and being committed to the Newgate, he sent a message that he wanted to make a confession.", "The judge told him that he would need to give more names if he wanted to get away with it.", "Maclaine cried before the justices at his second Examination, but could not name his confederate in crime.", "Mr Justice Lediard left a written confession in his hands.", "A well-known print (an \"Exact Representation\"), showing Maclaine holding up Lord Eglinton's carriage, was published a month before his trial.", "The robbery of Josiah Higden was the focus of the trial at the Old Bailey.", "The indictment said that an assault on Higden on the King's Highway put him in danger of his life.", "This was the capital offense.", "The goods taken were a cloth coat, a pair of cloth breeches, a periwig, a pair of pumps, five holland shirts, three linen stocks, two pairs of stockings, one silk and one worsted, and a pair of gloves.", "Maclaine changed his plea to not guilty at his trial at the Old Bailey on September 12th, 1750, claiming that his confession had been the product of shock and mental derangement arising from the suddenness and unexpectedness of his arrest.", "He claimed that he had Mr Higden's coat and other belongings because he had given them to him in lieu of the money he owed him.", "The jury didn't believe him.", "The trial was a fashionable occasion.", "A Lady is shown as a character witness in a contemporary broadside.", "The justice is asking the Ladyship what she thinks about the Prisoner at the Bar.", "She said, \"My Lord, I have had the pleasure to know him well, he has often been about my House and I never lost anything.\"", "\"I am honoured to be mentioned in a Grub Street song for not having contributed to his sentence,\" said Lord Eglinton, who declined to testify against him.", "A print entitled \"Newgates Lamentation, or the Ladys Last Farewell of Macleane\" illustrates visitors to his cell.", "He was imprisoned at the Newgate and received nearly 3000 guests, including a visit from White's, and his room became so hot that he fainted more than once.", "His portrait was engraved by Louis Peter Boitard while he was under sentence.", "James' brother, the minister and translator, wrote a letter from Utrecht to the court in order to get them to spare his brother's life.", "There was a deep conflict between his compassion for the man, his duty to uphold the path of righteousness, and his uncertainty of the true nature of his brother's repentance.", "The letter written by Maclaine to his \"Unhappy Brother\" was a call to repentance before God.", "The narrative of confession was recorded by Dr Allen.", "He was found guilty by the jury without leaving the courtroom.", "There were various signs of penitence shown by the prisoner.", "When the judge asked him why he should not be sentenced, Maclaine, who had prepared a short speech expressing his contrition and pleading for mercy, was unable to say more than one or two words.", "In his poem \"A Long Story\", the poet Thomas Gray referred to this as a sudden fit of ague.", "He was put to death at Tyburn.", "As Maclaine got into the cart to take him to Tyburn he was heard to say, \"Oh my God!\", as a young fellow-prisoner who had kept him company sat up with him.", "I've abandoned thee!", "I will trust thee!", "His last words to the crowd were, \"O God, forgive my enemies, bless my friends and receive my soul!\", before he was executed.", "A witness heard him say, \"I must never more see this beauteous sun!\" as the cart was about to be pulled from under him.", "Let the sun shine on my soul.", "The antihero of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera, Captain Macheath, was not a model for popular culture because he was written in 1728.", "Jack Sheppard is the preferred claim for that distinction.", "Maclaine's romantic image was reinforced by the fact that Macheath's character in some measure satirized Sir Robert Walpole, the Earl of Orford.", "\"Polly\" and \"Lucy\" were referred to as the \"chief personages visiting and weeping over Maclaine\" by the author.", "He asked them if Maclaine did not sing \"So I stand like the Turk with his doxies around\", which was one of his songs.", "\"She weeps if but a handsome thief is hung\" is an aside after the line \"She weeps if but a handsome thief is hanged\" in The Modern Fine Lady by Soame Jenyns.", "His skeleton was put on display in a niche in the Surgeons' Hall in London after his death.", "The final plate of William Hogarth's series contained a representation of Maclaine's skeleton.", "Maclaine's execution was the subject of a Cheap Repository Tract of 1795.", "In 1999 there was a fictionalized portrayal of Maclaine's life in a film, which was played by Jonny Lee Miller.", "Irish highwaymen were executed by the Kingdom of Great Britain in the 17th century." ]

[ "James Maclaine", "James Maclain", "James", "James" ]

[ "James Maclaine", "James Maclain", "James", "James" ]

[ "John Dury (1596 in Edinburgh – 1680 in Kassel) was a Scottish Calvinist minister and an intellectual of the English Civil War period.", "He made efforts to re-unite the Calvinist and Lutheran wings of Protestantism, hoping to succeed when he moved to Kassel in 1661, but he did not accomplish this.", "He was also a preacher, pamphleteer, and writer.", "Early life\nHe was the fourth son of the exiled Scottish presbyterian minister Robert Durie; John was brought up in the Netherlands, at Leiden, attending the university there.", "He was in Cologne, at the Walloon Church, 1624-6, and subsequently at Elbląg (Elbing).", "He was a close associate of Samuel Hartlib, a native of Elbląg, whom he met there, and shared his interest in education.", "According to Richard Popkin, another key influence was Joseph Mede, from whom Dury took a method of scriptural interpretation; this interpretation has been challenged by recent research claiming that Dury developed his \"Scriptural Analysis\" before meeting with the works of Mede.", "While at Elbing he translated an anti-trinitarian work of Samuel Przypkowski into English.", "From 1628 Dury petitioned Gustavus Adolphus for help in the cause of Protestant unity.", "He spent much time from 1630 to 1661 wandering through Europe, working for ecclesiastical peace between Calvinists and Lutherans.", "Through an introduction from Hartlib, he also met Comenius, who spent some years in Elbing as well.", "Up to 1633, Dury had Anglican support from George Abbot.", "In that year, Abbot died and was replaced by William Laud, with whom Dury had a much more difficult relationship; Christopher Hill states Laud had no use for the efforts of Comenius, Dury and Hartlib to reunite Protestants.", "Dury was ordained in 1634, and went to Sweden, supported by 38 English Puritans.", "The networking of Dury and Hartlib in the 1630s brought them close to Oliver Cromwell, through Oliver St John (a relation by marriage, and friend) and the Godmanchester preacher Walter Welles, a neighbour.", "Dury then travelled widely in northern Europe, and was tutor to Mary, Princess of Orange in the Hague.", "He had a long though unproductive meeting with René Descartes in 1635; also in the Netherlands he was an associate of Adam Boreel and Petrus Serrarius, and an influential figure.", "In Civil War and Commonwealth England\nAt a key moment in English and European politics, Dury in August 1641 published Concerning the Work of Peace Ecclesiastical, urging Protestants to unite across national boundaries.", "This work was dedicated to his patron Sir Thomas Rowe, and had been written in 1638.", "In 1639 Viscount Mandeville was writing to Dury, in the context that the situation in particular of German Protestants was being mooted and linked to the possibility of the English and Scottish churches could organise or broker such a union.", "In 1641, Dury and Comenius came to England; an invitation had been mooted in a sermon by John Gauden in 1641, at the start of the Long Parliament.", "The backers of the scheme to bring Comenius then included John Pym and Lord Brooke as well as Mandeville.", "Dury gave a well-known sermon to the Parliament on 26 November 1645, Israels Call to March out of Babylon into Jerusalem.", "He was given an official appointment, as tutor to the younger children of Charles I; from 1646 these had been in the care of Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland.", "After the war in England had ended, he argued both for religious toleration, and for acceptance of the Parliamentarian regime.", "He incurred the displeasure of the Westminster Assembly, to which he belonged, for his part in the 1648 publication (with Hartlib and John Goodwin) in translation of part the theological work Satanae Strategemata of Jacob Acontius on toleration.", "He called on the Ranter Abiezer Coppe to repent, and helped in drafting his recantation.", "He provided arguments in pamphlets of March and October 1649 for supporting the Rump Parliament.", "Hill places Dury with Anthony Ascham and Marchamont Nedham as propounding the theory that Parliament had legitimacy conferred by God because it held power de facto.", "Barbara Lewalski calls Dury's arguments 'Hobbesian'.", "Hill considers that the failure of Cromwell's plan to create a unified Protestant church in England of the 1650s put paid to Dury's ecumenical ideas.", "In 1652 he translated John Milton's Eikonoklastes into French as Eikonoklastēs, ou, Réponse au livre intitulé Eikon basilikē.", "In 1655 Milton quoted from letters of Dury in his Pro se defensio contra Alexandrum Morum.", "In 1654 he was sent as a diplomat by Oliver Cromwell to Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland.", "In 1652/3 he had travelled with Bulstrode Whitelocke to Sweden.", "He also worked with Whitelocke as a deputy librarian, from 1649, of the collection going back to Jane Lumley.", "His book of 1650 on librarianship, sometimes said to be the first such work, came out of his experience in this post.", "Jews and Hebraists\nDury met Manasseh ben Israel in 1644, and heard from him an account of Antonio de Montesinos's alleged discovery of the Ten Tribes in America.", "Dury wrote in favour of a Hartlib Circle project, for a College of Jewish Studies.", "Parliament was lobbied for funds.", "The proposed faculty were Johann Stephanus Rittangel, Christian Ravius and Menasseh ben Israel.", "In 1649 Dury addressed a further inquiry to Manasseh on the subject of the Ten Tribes, which resulted in the publication of The Hope of Israel.", "In 1650 appeared Thomas Thorowgood's Jewes in America; Dury read it in manuscript, and contributed to later editions.", "He included information on the Karaites, in whom he had a particular interest, from Rittangel.", "Dury is considered to have been one of those around Cromwell influencing the decision to allow Jews to enter England officially (they were expelled by Edward I).", "He was the cautious author of a pamphlet of 1656, A Case of Conscience: Whether It Be Lawful to Admit Jews into a Christian Commonwealth, in it he laid down certain conditions that Jews must fulfil in order to be admitted (no blasphemy or proselytism etc).", "To a question put to him by Hartlib, as to the general lawfulness of their admission, Dury replied in the affirmative; but from the point of view of expediency he considered that circumstances as to a particular time and place might render their admission unwise.", "Irenicism and millenarianism\nDury's long ecumenical efforts have earned him a name as an irenicist.<ref>S.", "Mandelbrote, John Dury and the practice of Irenicism, in Religious change in Europe 1650–1914: Essays for John McManners, ed.", "N. Aston, 41–58.", "(Oxford, 1997); A. Milton, The Unchanged Peacemaker?", "John Dury and the politics of Irenicism in England, 1628–1643 in Samuel Hartlib and Universal Reformation: studies in intellectual communication, ed.", "M. Greengrass, M. Leslie, and T. Raylor, 95–117.", "(Cambridge 1994).</ref> This territory he shared, to an extent, with his contemporary Hugo Grotius.", "Dury made contact with Grotius through his follower Samson Johnson (1603–1661).", "That relationship soured, since Dury had a hand in Johnson's dismissal as chaplain to Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, suspected of Socinianism.", "According to Trevor-Roper,Dury, like Grotius, was an idealist, but their ideals were not quite the same.", "He wished to achieve not reunion for the peace of the Church but union of all Protestants for the holy war: in particular union of Lutherans and Calvinists.", "Dury’s irenicism and philosemitism can be understood as interrelated aspects of an expansionist Protestant cause focussed on Britain, Ireland, continental Europe, and the Atlantic world.", "In this understanding, the Portuguese Jews (and American Indians) appear as victims of Spanish Catholicism in desperate need of Protestant help.", "Richard Popkin and Jefferey Jue have argued that Dury was a millenarian.", "His millenarian views are said to have pointed to 1655 as apocalyptic.", "Against that view it has been argued that Dury warned readers about attempts to predict the onset of the Millennium.", "In his preface to the millenarian tract Clavis Apocalyptica Dury seems to come out against the idea of a political millenarianism and to defend a more \"moral\" interpretation of millenarianism.", "Position in the Hartlib Circle\n\nPansophism and alchemy\nAlchemy was within the interests of the Hartlibian group, and both Dury and his wife were involved.", "In 1649 they were quizzing Worsley on distillation.", "In the first half of 1651 Dury was a witness to George Starkey, in an apparent transmutation, and then recommended Starkey to Moriaen.", "Family\nIn 1645 he married Dorothy Moore (née King), an Irish Puritan widow.", "Dorothy Durie (sic), daughter of Sir John King and Catherine Drury, was a noted writer on education and the role of women in the church.", "The matchwas arranged by Dorothy's niece, Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh (1615–1691), daughter of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, and wife of Arthur Jones, 2nd Viscount Ranelagh.", "To be precise on the somewhat tenuous relationship, Arthur Moore, Dorothy's first husband, and Frances Jones née Moore, mother of Arthur Jones, were brother and sister, both children of Garret Moore, 1st Viscount Moore.", "By this marriage Dury was connected to Robert Boyle, brother of Lady Ranelagh.", "Their daughter Dora Katherina Dury (1654–77) was Henry Oldenburg's second wife.", "Dorothy also had two sons by her first husband.", "Irénisme et méthode chez John Dury (v.1600–1680)Pierre-Olivier Léchot (2011/2012) \"Between Ramism, Socinianism and Enthusiasm.", "The Intellectual Context of John Dury's Analysis Demonstrativa Sacrae Scripturae\", Acta Comeniana.", "International Review of Comenius Studies and Early Modern Intellectual History '', 25, 2011/12, p. 93-123.", "External links\n \n \n\nBiography of John Dury\nBibliography containing many Dury titles\n\n1596 births\n1680 deaths\nScottish Calvinist and Reformed theologians\nScottish librarians\nWestminster Divines\n17th-century Scottish writers\nClergy from Edinburgh\n17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians\nLeiden University alumni" ]

[ "John Dury was a Calvinist minister and an intellectual during the English Civil War.", "When he moved to Kassel in 1661, he tried to re-unite the Calvinist and Lutheran wings of Protestantism, but he failed.", "He was a writer and a preacher.", "He was the fourth son of the exiled Scottish presbyterian minister Robert Durie and attended the university in the Netherlands.", "He was in Cologne at the Walloon Church.", "He shared his interest in education with Samuel Hartlib, who was a native of Elblg.", "According to Richard Popkin, Dury took a method of scriptural interpretation from Joseph Mede and this interpretation has been challenged by recent research.", "He translated a work by Samuel Przypkowski into English.", "Dury asked Gustavus Adolphus for help in the cause of Protestant unity.", "From 1630 to 1661 he worked for peace between Calvinists and Lutherans.", "He met Comenius, who spent time in Elbing, through an introduction from Hartlib.", "George Abbot supported Dury up to 1633.", "Abbot died and was replaced by William Laud, who did not use the efforts of Comenius, Dury and Hartlib to unite Protestants.", "The English Puritans supported Dury when he went to Sweden.", "The friendship between Dury and Hartlib and Oliver Cromwell was brought about by the networking of Dury and Hartlib in the 1630s.", "Mary, Princess of Orange, was a tutor to Dury.", "He had a meeting with René Descartes in 1635, but also in the Netherlands, and he was an influential figure.", "In August 1641, Dury published Concerning the Work of Peace Ecclesiastical, urging Protestants to unite across national boundaries.", "The work was written in 1638.", "The situation in particular of German Protestants was being discussed and linked to the possibility of the English and Scottish churches organizing or brokering a union.", "In 1641, Dury and Comenius came to England, and an invitation was given in a sermon by John Gauden at the start of the Long Parliament.", "John Pym and Lord Brooke were among the backers of the scheme to bring Comenius.", "Israels Call to March out of Babylon into Jerusalem was given by Dury to the Parliament.", "The younger children of Charles I had been in the care of the 10th Earl of Northumberland.", "He argued for acceptance of the Parliamentarian regime after the war in England ended.", "The translation of part of the theology of Jacob Acontius on toleration was published with Hartlib and John Goodwin.", "He helped with the drafting of the recantation.", "He provided arguments for the Rump Parliament in pamphlets.", "Dury is propounding the theory that Parliament had been granted power by God.", "Dury's arguments are called 'Hobbesian' by Barbara Lewalski.", "The failure of Cromwell's plan to create a unified Protestant church in England put paid to Dury's ecumenical ideas.", "In 1652 he translated John Milton's Eikonoklastes into French.", "In 1655, he quoted from Dury's letters in his Pro se defensio.", "He was sent to Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland as a diplomat in 1654 by Oliver Cromwell.", "He traveled with Whitelocke to Sweden.", "The collection went back to Jane Lumley after he worked with Whitelocke as a deputy librarian.", "His book of 1650 on librarianship came out of his experience in this post.", "The account of Antonio de Montesinos's alleged discovery of the Ten Tribes in America was given to Dury by Manasseh ben Israel.", "The Hartlib Circle project was written for the College of Jewish Studies by Dury.", "Lobbying took place for funds.", "Menasseh ben Israel was one of the proposed faculty.", "The Hope of Israel was published in 1649 after Dury inquired about the subject of the Ten Tribes.", "Dury contributed to later editions of Thomas Thorowgood's Jewes in America after reading it in manuscript.", "He had a particular interest in the Karaites.", "The decision to allow Jews to enter England officially was influenced by Dury.", "He was the author of a pamphlet in 1656, A Case of Conscience: Whether It Be Lawful to admit Jews into a Christian Commonwealth, in which he laid down certain conditions that Jews must fulfill in order to be admitted.", "Dury replied affirmatively to a question put to him by Hartlib as to the general lawfulness of their admission, but from the point of view of expediency he considered that circumstances as to a particular time and place might make their admission foolish.", "Dury's long ecumenical efforts have earned him a name as an irenicist.", "In Religious change in Europe 1650–1914: Essays for John McManners, John Dury and the practice of Irenicism is written by Mandelbrote.", "N. Aston, 41–58.", "A.Milton, The Unchanged Peacemaker?", "John Dury and the politics of Irenicism in England were written in Samuel Hartlib and Universal Reformation.", "M. Greengrass, M. Leslie, and T. Raylor are authors.", "He shared this territory with his contemporary Hugo Grotius.", "Dury had contact with Grotius through his follower.", "Since Dury had a hand in Johnson's dismissal, the relationship soured.", "Dury and Grotius were both idealists, but their ideals were not quite the same.", "He wanted to achieve a union of all Protestants for the holy war, not for the peace of the Church.", "An expansionist Protestant cause focused on Britain, Ireland, continental Europe, and the Atlantic world can be understood as interrelated aspects of Dury's irenicism.", "The Portuguese Jews and American Indians are seen as victims of Spanish Catholicism in need of Protestant help.", "Dury was a millenarian according to Richard Popkin and Jefferey Jue.", "According to his millenarian views, 1655 was apocalyptic.", "Dury warned readers about attempts to predict the Millennium.", "In his introduction to the millenarian tract, Dury seems to come out against the idea of a political millenarianism and to defend a more \"moral\" interpretation of millenarianism.", "Dury and his wife were involved in the position in the Hartlib Circle Pansophism.", "In 1649 they were quizzing Worsley.", "In the first half of 1651 Dury was a witness to George Starkey and recommended him to Moriaen.", "His wife was an Irish Puritan widow.", "She was a noted writer on education and the role of women in the church.", "The match was arranged by the niece and wife of Richard and Arthur Jones.", "The brother and sister of Arthur Moore and the mother of Arthur Jones were both children of 1st Viscount Moore.", "Dury was connected to the brother of Lady Ranelagh.", "Henry Oldenburg's second wife was Dora Katherina Dury.", "Her first husband had two sons with her.", "\" Between Ramism, Socinianism and Enthusiasm\" is a book by Pierre-Olivier Léchot.", "The intellectual context of John Dury's analysis.", "The International Review of Comenius Studies and Early Modern Intellectual History was published in 2011.", "There are many Dury titles in the biography of John Dury." ]

[ "John Dury", "John", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John Gaud", "John Pym", "Dury", "John Goodwin", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John Milton", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John Dury", "John McMrs", "John Dury", "Dury", "Samson Johnson", "Dury", "Johnson", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John King", "Dury", "Dury", "John Dury", "John Dury", "John Dury" ]

[ "John Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John Gaud", "John Pym", "John Goodwin", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John Milton", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John McM", "John Dury", "John Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Johnson", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "Dury", "John Dury", "John Dury" ]

[ "Norma Leah Nelson McCorvey (September 22, 1947 – February 18, 2017), also known by the pseudonym \"Jane Roe\", was the plaintiff in the landmark American legal case Roe v. Wade in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1973 that individual state laws banning abortion were unconstitutional.", "Later in her life, McCorvey became a Evangelical Protestant, and thereafter a Roman Catholic, and took part in the anti-abortion movement.", "McCorvey stated then that her involvement in Roe was \"the biggest mistake of [her] life.\"", "During an interview shortly before her death, in what McCorvey referred to as her \"deathbed confession\", she said she had been paid to speak against abortion, and added that she continued to have abortion-rights beliefs.", "Early life\nMcCorvey was born in Simmesport, Louisiana.", "She was raised at her family's residence in Lettsworth in Pointe Coupee Parish.", "Later in her childhood, the family moved to Houston.", "McCorvey's father, Olin Nelson, a TV repairman, left the family when she was 13 years old, and her parents subsequently divorced.", "She and her older brother were raised by their mother, Mary (née Gautreaux), a violent alcoholic.", "McCorvey's father died on September 27, 1995.", "Norma's mother was raised a Pentecostal but Norma's father led her and the family as Jehovah's Witnesses.", "McCorvey had minor troubles with law enforcement that started at the age of ten, when she robbed the cash register at a gas station and ran away to Oklahoma City with a friend.", "They tricked a hotel worker into letting them rent a room, and were there for two days when a maid walked in on her and her female friend kissing.", "McCorvey was arrested and taken to court, where she was declared a ward of the state and a judge sent her to a Catholic boarding school, even though she didn't become Catholic until 1998.", "Later, McCorvey was sent to the State School for Girls in Gainesville, Texas, on and off from ages 11 to 15.", "She said this was the happiest time of her childhood, and every time she was sent home, would purposely do something bad to be sent back.", "After being released, McCorvey lived with her mother's cousin, who allegedly raped her every night for three weeks.", "When McCorvey's mother found out, her cousin said McCorvey was lying.", "While working at a restaurant, Norma met Woody McCorvey (born 1940), and she married him at the age of 16 in 1963.", "She later left him after he allegedly assaulted her.", "She moved in with her mother and gave birth to her first child, Melissa, in 1965.", "After Melissa's birth, McCorvey developed a severe drinking and drug problem.", "Soon after, she began identifying as a lesbian.", "In her book, she stated that she went on a weekend trip to visit two friends and left her baby with her mother.", "When she returned, her mother replaced Melissa with a baby doll and reported Norma to the police as having abandoned her baby, and called the police to take her out of the house.", "She would not tell her where Melissa was for weeks, and finally let her visit her child after three months.", "She allowed McCorvey to move back in.", "One day, she woke McCorvey up after a long day of work; she told McCorvey to sign what were presented as insurance papers, and she did so without reading them.", "However, the papers she had signed were adoption papers, giving her mother custody of Melissa, and McCorvey was then kicked out of the house.", "Her mother disputed that version of the events, and said that McCorvey had agreed to the adoption.", "The following year, McCorvey again became pregnant and gave birth to a baby, Jennifer, who was placed for adoption.", "Roe v. Wade\n\nIn 1968, at the age of 21, McCorvey became pregnant a third time and returned to Dallas.", "According to McCorvey, friends advised her that she should assert falsely that she had been raped by a group of black men and that she could thereby obtain a legal abortion under Texas's law, which prohibited most abortion; sources differ over whether Texas law had such a rape exception.", "Due to a lack of police evidence or documentation, the scheme was not successful, and McCorvey later said it was a fabrication.", "She attempted to obtain an illegal abortion, but the recommended clinic had been closed down by authorities.", "Her doctor, Richard Lane, suggested that she consult Henry McCluskey, an adoption lawyer in Dallas.", "McCorvey stated that she was only interested in an abortion, but agreed to meet with McCluskey.", "Eventually, McCorvey was referred to attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington, who were looking for pregnant women who were seeking abortions.", "The case, Roe v. Wade (Henry Wade was the district attorney), took three years of trials to reach the Supreme Court of the United States, and McCorvey never attended a single trial.", "During the course of the lawsuit, McCorvey gave birth and placed the baby up for adoption.", "McCorvey told the press that she was \"Jane Roe\" soon after the decision was reached, stating that she had sought an abortion because she was unemployable and greatly depressed.", "In 1983, McCorvey told the press that she had been raped; in 1987, she said the rape claim was untrue.", "Anti-abortion activism\nIn 1994, McCorvey published her autobiography, I Am Roe.", "At a book signing, McCorvey was befriended by Flip Benham, an evangelical minister and the national director of the anti-abortion organization Operation Rescue.", "She converted to Evangelical Protestantism and was baptized on August 8, 1995, by Benham, in a Dallas, Texas, backyard swimming pool – an event that was filmed for national television.", "Two days later, she announced that she had quit her job at an abortion clinic and had become an advocate of Operation Rescue's campaign to make abortion illegal.", "She voiced remorse for her part in the Supreme Court decision and said she had been a pawn for abortion activists.", "On August 17, 1998, McCorvey was received into the Catholic Church in a Mass celebrated by Father Edward Robinson and concelebrated by Father Frank Pavone, director of Priests for Life, at Saint Thomas Aquinas Church in Dallas.", "McCorvey's second book, Won by Love, described her religious conversion and was published in 1998.", "In the book, she said that her change of heart occurred in 1995, when she saw a fetal development poster in an Operation Rescue office.", "In 2004, McCorvey sought to have the U.S. Supreme Court overturn Roe v. Wade, saying that there was now evidence that the procedure harms women, but the case was ultimately dismissed in 2005.", "On January 22, 2008, McCorvey endorsed Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul because of his anti-abortion position.", "McCorvey remained active in anti-abortion demonstrations, including one she participated in before President Barack Obama's commencement address to the graduates of the University of Notre Dame.", "McCorvey was arrested on the first day of U.S. Senate hearings for the confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States of Sonia Sotomayor, after McCorvey and another protester began shouting during Senator Al Franken's opening statement.", "McCorvey appeared in the 2013 film Doonby, in which she delivers an anti-abortion message.", "Relationship with Connie Gonzalez and death\nSoon after giving birth a third time, as Roe v. Wade made its way through the courts, McCorvey met and began a long-term relationship with Connie Gonzalez.", "They lived together in Dallas for 35 years.", "After converting to Christianity, McCorvey continued to live with Gonzalez, though she described their relationship as platonic.", "Later in life, McCorvey stated that she was no longer a lesbian, although she later said that her religious conversion and renouncement of her sexuality were financially motivated.", "McCorvey moved out of the house she shared with Gonzalez in 2006, shortly after Gonzalez suffered a stroke.", "Norma McCorvey died of heart failure in Katy, Texas, on February 18, 2017, at the age of 69.", "AKA Jane Roe documentary \n\nOn May 22, 2020, a documentary titled AKA Jane Roe aired on FX, describing McCorvey's life and the financial incentives to change her views on abortion.", "In an interview conducted for the film shortly before her death, in what she referred to as her \"deathbed confession\", McCorvey said her anti-abortion activism had been \"all an act\", which she did because she was paid, stating that she did not care whether a woman got an abortion.", "\"I was the big fish.", "I think it was a mutual thing.", "I took their money and they'd put me out in front of the cameras and tell me what to say.", "That's what I’d say,\" McCorvey said.", "\"If a young woman wants to have an abortion, that's no skin off my ass.", "That’s why they call it choice,\" she added.", "Robert Schenck, an evangelical pastor who worked with McCorvey, supported what was in the documentary.", "He acknowledged that his group had paid McCorvey to speak against abortion and stated: \"Her name and photo would command some of the largest windfalls of dollars for my group and many others, but the money we gave her was modest.", "More than once, I tried to make up for it with an added check, but it was never fair.\"", "According to tax documents, McCorvey received at least $450,000 from anti-abortion groups during her years as an activist.", "Schenck said that he was surprised that McCorvey said that she was pro-choice, although he said that he knew she \"harboured doubts about the pro-life message she was telegraphing.\"", "Pavone, who had a decades long association with McCorvey, said that she was not on the payroll of his organization, Priests for Life, and said that he did not believe that McCorvey's activism was disingenuous.", "\"I can even see her being emotionally cornered to get those words out of her mouth, but the things that I saw in 22 years with her—the thousands and thousands of conversations that we had—that was real,\" he said.", "He later wrote, \"So abortion supporters are claiming Norma McCorvey, the Jane Roe of Roe v. Wade, wasn’t sincere in her conversion.", "She was.", "I was her spiritual guide for 22 years, received her into the Catholic Church, kept regular contact, spoke with her the day she died, and conducted her funeral.\"", "Abby Johnson, who worked for Planned Parenthood before joining the anti-abortion movement, said that McCorvey called her on the phone days before her death to express remorse for abortion.", "Johnson said that she believed McCorvey was a damaged woman who should not have been thrust into the spotlight so quickly after turning against abortion.", "\"I don’t have any problem believing that in the last year of her life that she tried to convince herself abortion was OK.", "But I know at the end of her life, she did not believe that,\" she said.", "Books\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Norma McCorvey speaking at the 1998 March for Life (C-SPAN)\n\n1947 births\n2017 deaths\n20th-century American non-fiction writers\n20th-century American women writers\nActivists for African-American civil rights\nAmerican autobiographers\nAmerican people of Acadian descent\nCajun people\nFormer feminists\nAmerican anti-abortion activists\nAmerican women activists\nBisexual women\nConverts to Protestantism from atheism or agnosticism\nConverts to Roman Catholicism from Evangelicalism\nFormer Jehovah's Witnesses\nPeople from Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana\nPeople from Houston\nPeople self-identified as ex-gay\nRoman Catholic activists\nWriters from Houston\nWriters from Louisiana\nWomen autobiographers\nActivists from Texas\nAmerican women non-fiction writers\nCatholics from Texas\nCatholics from Louisiana\nLGBT people from Louisiana\n21st-century American women" ]

[ "In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individual state laws banning abortion were unconstitutional.", "Later in her life, she became a Roman Catholic and took part in the anti-abortion movement.", "She stated that her involvement in Roe was the biggest mistake of her life.", "She said she had been paid to speak against abortion and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals", "McCorvey was born in Louisiana.", "She was raised at her family's house.", "The family moved to Houston when she was a child.", "When she was 13 years old, her father left the family and her parents divorced.", "Mary was a violent alcoholic who raised her and her brother.", "On September 27, 1995, his father died.", "The family of Norma's father were members of the Jehovah's Witness.", "At the age of ten, she robbed a gas station and fled to Oklahoma City with a friend.", "They tricked a hotel worker into letting them rent a room, and were there for two days when the maid found them kissing.", "When she was arrested and taken to court, she was declared a ward of the state and sent to a catholic boarding school, even though she didn't become a catholic until 1998.", "From ages 11 to 15 she was sent to the State School for Girls in Texas.", "She said this was the best time of her life, and every time she was sent home, she would do something bad to be sent back.", "She was raped by her mother's cousin for three weeks after she was released.", "McCorvey's cousin said that he was lying.", "She married Woody at the age of 16 after meeting him while working at a restaurant.", "She left him after he allegedly attacked her.", "She gave birth to her first child in 1965, when she moved in with her mother.", "McCorvey had a drinking and drug problem after his daughter's birth.", "She began to identify as a lesbian.", "She stated in her book that she left her baby with her mother on a weekend trip to visit two friends.", "When she came back, her mother replaced her with a baby doll and called the police to take her out of the house.", "She wouldn't let her visit her child after three months because she didn't know where she was.", "She allowed him to go back in.", "She woke him up after a long day of work and told him to sign the papers without reading them.", "She signed adoption papers that gave her mother custody of her daughter, and then she was kicked out of the house.", "Her mother said that she had agreed to the adoption.", "The following year, she gave birth to a baby who was placed for adoption.", "In 1968, at the age of 21, she became pregnant a third time and returned to Dallas.", "Friends told her that she could obtain a legal abortion if she lied about being raped by a group of black men, since Texas's law prohibits most abortions.", "The scheme was not successful because there was no police evidence or documentation.", "She tried to get an illegal abortion, but the recommended clinic was closed by authorities.", "Richard Lane suggested that she consult an adoption lawyer.", "The woman stated that she was only interested in an abortion.", "Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington were looking for pregnant women who were seeking abortions.", "The case took three years of trials to reach the Supreme Court of the United States, and McCorvey never attended a single trial.", "During the course of the lawsuit, she gave birth and placed the baby up for adoption.", "After the decision was reached, she told the press that she wanted an abortion because she was depressed and unemployable.", "In 1983, she told the press that she had been raped, but in 1987, she denied it.", "In 1994 there was an anti-abortion book published.", "At a book signing, Flip Benham, an evangelical minister and the national director of the anti-abortion organization Operation Rescue befriended the author.", "She was filmed for a national television show when she was christened as an evangelical Protestant on August 8, 1995 in a backyard swimming pool.", "She quit her job at an abortion clinic and became an advocate of the campaign to make abortion illegal.", "She was remorseful for her part in the Supreme Court decision and INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals", "Father Frank Pavone, director of Priests for Life, concelebrated at Saint Thomas Aquinas Church in Dallas on August 17, 1998, after Father Edward Robinson celebrated a Mass for McCorvey in the Catholic Church.", "In 1998, her second book, Won by Love, described her religious conversion.", "She said in the book that she changed her mind when she saw a fetal development poster.", "There is now evidence that the procedure harms women, but the case was dismissed in 2005.", "Ron Paul has an anti-abortion position.", "Before President Barack Obama's address to the graduates of the University of Notre Dame, she participated in an anti-abortion demonstration.", "On the first day of the U.S. Senate hearings for the confirmation to the Supreme Court of the U.S., McCorvey and another protester began shouting.", "In the film Doonby, she delivered an anti-abortion message.", "After giving birth to a third time, McCorvey met and began a long-term relationship withConnie Gonzalez.", "They lived in Dallas for 35 years.", "She described her relationship with Gonzalez as platonic after converting to Christianity.", "Later in life, she stated that she was no longer a lesbian, although she later said that her religious conversion and renouncement of her sexuality were financially motivated.", "Shortly after Gonzalez suffered a stroke, she moved out of the house she shared with him.", "A 69-year-old woman died of heart failure in Texas on February 18.", "On May 22, 2020, a documentary titled \"aka Jane Roe\" aired on the network.", "In an interview conducted for the film shortly before her death, in what she referred to as her \"deathbed confession\", she said her anti-abortion activism had been \"all an act\" because she was paid.", "I was the big fish.", "I think it was related.", "They put me in front of the cameras and told me what to say after I took their money.", "\"That's what I would say,\" he said.", "I don't care if a young woman wants to have an abortion.", "She said that they call it choice because of that.", "The documentary was supported by Robert Schenck, an evangelical pastor.", "\"Her name and photo would command some of the largest windfalls of dollars for my group and many others, but the money we gave her was modest,\" he said.", "It was never fair that I tried to make up for it with an added check.", "During her time as an activist, she received at least $450,000 from anti-abortion groups.", "Schenck said that he was surprised that she said she was pro-choice, even though he knew she had doubts about the pro-life message she was telegraphing.", "Pavone said that she was not on the payroll of his organization, Priests for Life, and that he did not believe that McCorvey's activism was disingenuous.", "\"I can see her being emotionally cornered to get those words out of her mouth, but the things that I saw in 22 years with her, that was real,\" he said.", "He wrote, \"So abortion supporters are saying that the Jane Roe wasn't sincere in her conversion.\"", "She was.", "I was her spiritual guide for 22 years, received her into the Catholic Church, spoke with her the day she died, and conducted her funeral.", "The anti-abortion activist said that she was called on the phone days before her death to express her remorse for abortion.", "Johnson believed that a damaged woman who had turned against abortion should not have been thrust into the spotlight so quickly.", "In the last year of her life, she tried to convince herself that she could have an abortion.", "She said that she did not believe that at the end of her life.", "20th century American non-fiction writers 20th century American women writers Activists for African-American civil rights American autobiographers Cajun people" ]

[ "Norma Leah Nelson McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "Norma", "Norma", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "Norma", "Woody McCorvey", "McCorvey", "Norma", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "Norma McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "Norma McCorvey", "McCorvey", "Norma McCorvey" ]

[ "Norma", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorvey", "McCorveyConnie" ]

[ "Tom Kundig (born 1954) is an American principal and owner of the Seattle-based firm Olson Kundig Architects.", "His honors include some of the highest design awards, including a 2008 National Design Award in Architecture Design from the Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt; a 2007 Academy Award in Architecture from The American Academy of Arts and Letters; selection as a finalist for the 2005 National Design Award for Architecture; a MacDowell Colony Fellowship; and selection as an Emerging Architect by the Architectural League of New York.", "He has also received eleven National American Institute of Architects awards.", "In 2011, he was included in The Wallpaper* 150, Wallpaper (magazine)'s list of the 150 people who have most influenced, inspired and improved the way we live, work and travel over the last 15 years.", "In 2010, the Pierre was named World Architecture News' House of the Year and in 2011, Art Stable was named Project of the Year by the Residential Architect Design Awards.", "Architectural Record has chosen two of Kundig’s projects for Record Houses—the Rolling Huts and Delta Shelter.", "Olson Kundig Architects received the 2009 National AIA Architecture Firm Award (as Olson Sundberg Kundig Allen Architects) and has twice been named one of the Top Ten Most Innovative Companies in Architecture by Fast Company (magazine).", "In 2015, Princeton Architectural Press released Tom Kundig: Works, a collection of Kundig's recent projects, including commercial spaces and public buildings.", "In 2011, Princeton Architectural Press released Tom Kundig: Houses 2, the follow up to the 2006 book, Tom Kundig: Houses, one of the Press’s bestselling architecture books of all time.", "Kundig has been published over 450 times in publications worldwide, including the Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal, Architectural Record, Dwell, Architectural Digest and The New York Times.", "Kundig’s undergraduate and graduate architecture degrees are from the University of Washington.", "Early life and career\nTom Kundig was born on October 9, 1954 in Merced, California and raised in Spokane, Washington.", "As a teenager, he found early influences in his work at sawmills, his surroundings and his time spent hiking, skiing and climbing.", "\"I experienced being relatively humble in the landscape,\" Kundig says about his childhood.", "\"Mountaineering and architecture have many parallels—they're about solving the problem in as clear and economic means as possible—it's not about getting to the top.\"", "He also took inspiration from the sculptor Harold Balazs, who taught him that building a project is the most important part of the design process as well as how tough it is to be an artist.", "In college, Kundig originally trained as a geophysicist before switching to architecture, his father's profession.", "In an interview with the National Building Museum, he says:\nWhen I left for college, I was more interested in the hard sciences—physics and especially geophysics.", "I was fascinated by the movement of Earth tectonics and geology.", "The idea of these large forces that shape our Earth is still a really fascinating sidebar interest.", "In fact, I’d almost say it is a focus; I’m often as interested in that as I am in architecture.", "Ultimately, I came to understand pretty early that I did not have a natural propensity for the larger geophysics requirements and I really missed what architecture is: the intersection between the rational and the poetic.", "I was just in the rational world of physics and I missed the poetic.", "Architecture lets me have both.", "After working for other firms around the world, Kundig joined Olson Kundig Architects in 1986.", "He first came to national attention with Studio House, a private residence that he completed in 1998.", "In 2002, he completed Chicken Point Cabin, a private residence that remains one of his most \"iconic and poetic\" designs that includes one of his most recognized gizmos: a 20-foot by 30-foot window-wall that opens with a hand crank.", "Kundig regularly serves on design juries and lectures around the world on architecture and design.", "He has been a university studio critic throughout the United States and in Japan, including at Harvard University and the University of Oregon, and has served as the John G. Williams Distinguished Professor at the University of Arkansas School of Architecture and the D. Kenneth Sargent Visiting Design Critic at Syracuse University’s College of Architecture.", "Recent lectures include presentations at the Royal Academy of Arts in London and the New York Public Library.", "His award-winning work has been exhibited at the American Academy of Arts and Letters in New York City, Syracuse University, and at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C.", "In the winter of 2010/2011, he was the sole North American architect chosen to represent the continent in an exhibit at TOTO GALLERY MA in Tokyo, Japan.", "Quotes\nAsked about the origins of Kundig’s interest in gizmos: “When I was a kid, I grew up amongst industry: mining, logging, farming.", "Naturally, with that there was a lot of machinery, a lot of practically-designed – and in its way, beautiful – machinery.", "And when I lived in Alaska, I would go way out in the country, hiking and mountain climbing, and I would see these pieces of machinery way the heck back there, powered by wind or by water coming off the side of a mountain.", "The guys who designed these were geniuses!", "As I was developing an architectural voice, I realized there was something similar about buildings that I found fascinating: that buildings could be changed by people using them.", "You can literally move walls or furniture and move it on a scale that reminds you that, in fact, you’re capable –with geometry and physics– of moving these things.”\n\nOn the importance of detail: “Detail is important because it’s at that lever that you interact directly with the building.", "You touch, move, and handle detail at the most intimate levels.", "I think If you can’t walk into a house and smile about something, there’s something missing in that house.", "I want the people I build houses for to love their house to death, and hopefully to call me two or three years later and say the place is just getting better and better.", "It’s what I do this stuff for: to be involved with a landscape and with these personalities.”\n\nOn the influence of artist Harold Balazs: “Sometimes you just luck out in life and you meet a force of nature.", "I benefited tremendously from my family’s friendship with sculptor Harold Balazs.", "A sculptor and humanitarian, Harold instilled in my youth a sense of courage and enthusiasm to embrace this lucky moment we have on earth.", "As a kid I watched fantastic sculptures being fabricated at his shop and home in Mead, Washington.", "I witnessed his experiments and ideas with different medium and materials and how all of it related to the culture and politics of our time.", "He said to me out of the blue: ‘If you want to see what art can be, look at hot rods.’ This was around 1968.", "The point he was making was they were challenging the status quo and re-inventing the commodities with their own ideas and craft.", "He saw their craft as an incredible source of inspiration for his work, and that left a lasting impression.”\n\n\"One is tempted to label Kundig's architecture as an example of Northwestern regionalism, yet his houses built in other geographical and climatic settings respond appropriately to these different conditions.\"", "\"I believe Tom's success is grounded in the relaxedness and centeredness of one that devoutly performs a strong and personal vocation, which allows him to master the personas that he chooses to present.", "Rejecting the self-indulgent, Tom doesn't shy away from the profession's extremes of making a personal work dedicating his efforts to his clients.\"", "\"Tom's larger contributions should also be acknowledged; his public works of architecture will bring inspired spaces with intense connections of material and detail to the joy of a greater number of individuals in the future.", "His positive mental thoughts, his core values, perhaps these are the conception of a 'spirit of architecture', which is passed on and thrives in continuity and zeal.\"", "Recognition and awards\nKundig is recipient of numerous awards and honors including the prestigious National Design Award in Architecture Design from the Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum (2008).", "Kundig was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2007.", "14 projects by Kundig have been recognized by The American Institute of Architects National Awards, including the AIA Honor Awards for Art Stable (2013), Outpost (2010) and Delta Shelter (2008).", "The AIA has also awarded Kundig's project with AIA Northwest & Pacific Region Honor Award for The Rolling Huts (2009), Montecito Residence (2008) and Delta Shelter (2007).", "Other awards and distinctions include several American Architecture Awards from the Chicago Athenaeum for Outpost (2009), The Rolling Huts (2009), Montecito Residence (2008), Delta Shelter (2007) and Tye River Cabin (2007).", "Also, Kundig was named the Architectural League of New York's, Emerging Architect in 2004.", "The Tom Kundig Collection includes cabinet pulls, rollers, door knockers and knobs.", "Kundig collaborated with Seattle-based fabricator 12th Avenue Iron to manufacture the line.", "The architect explains in an interview in Dwell magazine, that the “simplest-looking pieces” (the Peel, Ear and Droop Ear cabinet pulls) are also the most rewarding—“they represent the collection at its most elemental.” He calls the higher-priced Roll and Disc rollers a “wink and a nod” to their complex fabrication.", "Their edited forms are, as Kundig says, “honest about how they are made and what they are made from.”\n \nAccording to Kundig, this line is the very first of many; now that he has begun to focus in this direction, he wants to keep going.", "“There are so many other products that I can’t find in the commodity market.", "Designing them myself and putting them out there for others to use seems like the right evolution.” The Tom Kundig Collection won a 2012 “Best of Year” award in the hardware category from Interior Design Magazine.", "In 2013, Kundig designed The Final Turn, a funerary urn, with Greg Lundgren, owner of Lundgren Monuments in Seattle.", "The urn consists of two halves of an eight- inch-diameter blackened steel or bronze sphere—the halves are threaded with a noticeable offset from one another when they meet.", "While the sphere implies perfection and eternity, the offset nature of the urn is inspired by the people left behind—those whose lives are thrown off-kilter by the passing of a loved one.", "“It’s a quiet reminder.” Kundig noted in a New York Times interview.", "A threaded cap atop the stem on the lower half provides access to the receptacle for the remains.", "The upper half includes a compartment designed to house mementos.", "Flat surfaces on the exterior accommodate inscriptions, if desired.", "Films and videos\n Shadowboxx, 2012 – Three minute stop-motion film captures the ever-changing natural conditions of a place and the ability of a house to morph and respond to those changes over the course of a day.", "The Art Of: Tom Kundig Collection by 12th Avenue Iron, 2012 – Created and produced by Kontent Partners, The Art Of series celebrates the craft, passion, and people who make desired and sought-after objects of design.", "This short format vignette focuses on the Tom Kundig hardware line created and produced in partnership between 12th Avenue Iron and Olson Kundig Architects.", "An Interview with Jim Olson and Tom Kundig, 2012 – Created for the 28th Annual Interior Design Magazine Hall of Fame Award, this video introduces the work of Jim Olson and Tom Kundig.", "Video produced by C & M City Inc.", "Between Light and Shadow, 2011 – Discussion between Tom Kundig, Carol Bobo and Amber Murray about two houses that Kundig created for Bobo: Studio House in Shoreline, Seattle, and Shadowboxx in Lopez Island.", "Art Stable Time Lapse, 2011 – Art Stable is an urban infill project in the rapidly developing South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle.", "Built on the site of a former horse stable, the seven-story mixed-use building carries its working history into the future with highly adaptable live/work units.", "Tom Kundig: Prototypes and Moving Parts, 2010 – A collection of projects by Tom Kundig.", "Moving Mazama, 2013 - Short by Katie Turinski depicting the differing viewpoints behind the Flagg Mountain controversy.", "Flagg Mountain hut legal dispute\nIn 2012, Tom Kundig and Jim Dow built a cabin on top of Flagg Mountain in Mazama, Washington that has been opposed by a coalition including a number of area residents and adjoining property owners, who claim that the building, which is cantilevered over a rock cliff, is visually obtrusive and breaks an unwritten agreement among residents not to build atop the ridgeline.", "Those opponents have filed a lawsuit claiming that the structure violates protective viewshed covenants that were placed on the property by earlier owners.", "The cabin's owners (including Kundig and Dow) assert that the cabin's location is legal, that it is not as visible as opponents claim, that placement elsewhere would have intruded on other neighbors, and that once its exterior siding is completed, it will blend in more with its surroundings.", "The case is being heard in Superior Court of Okanogan County, Washington.", "Notable works\nBerkshire Residence, The Berkshires, Massachusetts, 2015\nSawmill, Tehachapi, California, 2014\nStudhorse, Winthrop, Washington, 2012\nCharles Smith Wines Tasting Room and World Headquarters, Walla Walla, Washington, 2011\nThe Pierre, San Juan Islands, Washington, 2010\nArt Stable, Seattle, Washington, 2010\nSlaughterhouse Beach House, Maui, Hawaii, 2010\nStudio Sitges, Sitges, Spain, 2010\nShadowboxx, San Juan Islands, Washington, 2010\nOutpost, Central Idaho, 2007\nMontecito Residence, Montecito, California, 2007\nRolling Huts, Mazama, Washington, 2007\nDelta Shelter, Mazama, Washington, 2005\nChicken Point Cabin, Northern Idaho, 2002\nThe Brain, Seattle, Washington, 2001\nRidge House, Eastern Washington, 2001\nMission Hill Winery, Westbank, British Columbia, 2000\nStudio House, Seattle, Washington, 1998\n\nPublications\n Tom Kundig: Working Title, Princeton Architectural Press, 2020.", "()\n Tom Kundig: Works, Princeton Architectural Press, 2015.", "()\n Tom Kundig: Houses 2.", "Princeton Architectural Press, 2011.", "Ngo, Dung.", "Tom Kundig: Houses.", "Princeton Architectural Press, 2006.", "Ojeda, Oscar Riera, ed.", "Olson Sundberg Kundig Allen Architects: Architecture, Art, and Craft.", "The Monacelli Press, 2001.", "References\n\nExternal references\n Olson Kundig Architects website\n Cooper Hewitt National Design Awards\n E-Architect listing for Tom Kundig\n 2008 AIA Honor Awards Press Release\n Architectural Digest, AD 100\n\nLiving people\nAmerican architects\nArchitects from Washington (state)\nFellows of the American Institute of Architects\n1954 births\nUniversity of Washington College of Built Environments alumni" ]

[ "The principal and owner of the Seattle-based firm is Tom Kundig.", "His honors include a 2008 National Design Award in Architecture Design from the Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt; a 2007 Academy Award in Architecture from The American Academy of Arts and Letters; selection as a finalist for the 2005 National Design Award for Architecture; and a MacDowell.", "He received eleven awards from the National American Institute of Architects.", "He was included in The Wallpaper* 150, Wallpaper magazine's list of the 150 people who have most influenced, inspired and improved the way we live, work and travel over the last 15 years.", "Art Stable was named Project of the Year by the Residential Architect Design Awards in 2011.", "The Rolling Huts and Delta Shelter were chosen by Architectural Record.", "The company was named one of the Top Ten Most Innovative Companies in Architecture by Fast Company twice.", "Tom Kundig: Works, a collection of Kundig's recent projects, was released in 2015.", "Tom Kundig: Houses 2, the follow up to Tom Kundig: Houses, was released in 2011.", "The Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal, Architectural Record, Dwell, Architectural Digest and The New York Times have all published Kundig.", "Kundig received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of Washington.", "Tom Kundig was born in California and raised in Washington.", "He found early influences in his work at sawmills, his surroundings and his time spent hiking, skiing and climbing.", "Kundig says that he was relatively humble in the landscape.", "It's not about getting to the top, it's about solving the problem in as clear and economic means as possible.", "The sculptor Harold Balazs taught him that building a project is the most important part of the design process as well as how tough it is to be an artist.", "After graduating from college, Kundig switched to architecture, his father's profession.", "He told the National Building Museum that he was more interested in the hard sciences when he was in college.", "I was interested in the geology of the Earth.", "The idea of large forces that shape our Earth is still fascinating.", "I am interested in that as much as I am in architecture.", "I realized early on that I didn't have a natural propensity for the larger geophysics requirements and that architecture is the intersection between the rational and the poetic.", "I missed the poetic because I was in the rational world of physics.", "I can have both thanks to architecture.", "Kundig joined the firm in 1986 after working for other firms.", "Studio House was a private residence that he completed in 1998.", "Chicken Point Cabin, a private residence that remains one of his most \"iconic and poetic\" designs, includes one of his most recognized gizmos: a 20-foot by 30-foot window-wall that opens with a hand crank.", "Kundig lectures on architecture and design around the world.", "He was a studio critic at Harvard University, the University of Oregon, and the University of Arkansas.", "Presentations have been given at the New York Public Library and the Royal Academy of Arts in London.", "His work has been exhibited at the American Academy of Arts and Letters in New York City, Syracuse University, and the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C.", "In the winter of 2010/2011, he was the sole North American architect chosen to represent the continent in an exhibit at TOTO GALLERY MA in Tokyo, Japan.", "When Kundig was a kid, he grew up in the mining, logging, and farming industry.", "There was a lot of machinery and it was beautiful.", "When I lived in Alaska, I would go out in the country, hiking and mountain climbing, and I would see these machines powered by wind or water off the side of a mountain.", "These were designed by geniuses.", "I found it fascinating that buildings could be changed by the people who use them.", "You can literally move walls or furniture and move it on a scale that reminds you that, in fact, you are capable of moving these things.", "You handle detail at the most intimate levels.", "There is something missing in a house if you can't smile about something.", "I want the people I build houses for to love them so much that I will call them later and say the place is just getting better and better.", "To be involved with a landscape and with these people is what I do.", "My family was friends with sculptor Harold Balazs.", "Harold instilled in me a sense of courage and enthusiasm when I was younger.", "I watched sculptures being made at his shop when I was a kid.", "I witnessed his experiments and ideas with different materials and medium and how they related to the culture and politics of our time.", "He told me to look at hot rods if I wanted to see art.", "The point he was making was that they were challenging the status quo and re-inventing the commodities with their own ideas and craft.", "He saw their craft as an incredible source of inspiration for his work, and that left a lasting impression.", "Tom's success is grounded in the relaxedness and centeredness of one that devotes himself to a strong and personal vocation, which allows him to master the personas that he chooses to present.", "Tom doesn't shy away from the profession's extremes of making a personal work dedicating his efforts to his clients.", "Tom's public works of architecture will bring inspired spaces with intense connections of material and detail to the joy of a greater number of individuals in the future.", "His positive mental thoughts, his core values, perhaps these are the conception of a'spirit of architecture', which is passed on and thrives in continuity and zeal.", "Kundig has received numerous awards and honors including the prestigious National Design Award in Architecture Design from the Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum.", "The American Academy of Arts and Letters elected Kundig in 2007.", "The American Institute of Architects National Awards have recognized 14 projects by Kundig.", "The Rolling Huts, Montecito Residence and Delta Shelter were all awarded by theAIA.", "There are several distinctions and awards, including the American Architecture Awards for Delta Shelter and The Rolling Huts.", "The Architectural League of New York named Kundig an Emerging Architect in 2004.", "Cabinet pulls, rollers, door knockers and knobs are included in the Tom Kundig Collection.", "The line was created by Kundig and 12th Avenue Iron.", "The Peel, Ear and Droop Ear cabinet pulls are the most rewarding pieces in the collection, according to the architect.", "Kundig says that the edited forms are honest about how they are made and what they are made from.", "I can't find many other products in the commodity market.", "The Tom Kundig Collection won a 2012 \"best of year\" award in the hardware category from Interior Design Magazine.", "Greg Lundgren, owner of Lundgren Monuments in Seattle, collaborated with Kundig on The Final Turn.", "The halves of the blackened steel or bronze sphere are threaded together to form the urn.", "The offset nature of the urn is inspired by the people left behind, those whose lives are thrown off-kilter by the passing of a loved one.", "Kundig told the New York Times that it was a quiet reminder.", "There is a threaded cap on the lower half of the stem.", "There is a compartment in the upper half.", "Flat surfaces on the exterior can accommodate inscriptions.", "Shadowboxx is a three minute film that captures the ever changing natural conditions of a place and the ability of a house to respond to those changes over the course of a day.", "The Art Of series celebrates the craft, passion, and people who make desired and sought-after objects of design.", "The Tom Kundig hardware line was created and produced in partnership between 12th Avenue Iron and Olson Kundig Architects.", "An Interview with Jim and Tom Kundig was created for the 28th Annual Interior Design Magazine Hall of Fame Award.", "C & M City Inc. produced the video.", "Tom Kundig created two houses for Carol Bobo, one in Shoreline and the other in Lopez Island, for a show called Between Light and Shadow.", "Art Stable is an urban project in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle.", "The site of a former horse stable is the location of a seven-story mixed-use building.", "Tom Kundig: Prototypes and Moving Parts is a collection of projects.", "There are differing viewpoints behind the Flagg Mountain controversy.", "In 2012 Tom Kundig and Jim Dow built a cabin on top of Flagg Mountain in Washington that has been opposed by a coalition including a number of area residents and adjoining property owners.", "The structure is being accused of violating protective viewshed covenants that were placed on the property by earlier owners.", "The cabin's owners argue that the cabin's location is legal, that it is not as visible as opponents claim, that placement elsewhere would have intruded on other neighbors, and that once its exterior siding is completed, it will blend in more with its surroundings.", "The case is being heard in Washington.", "Notable works include The Pierre, San Juan Islands, Washington, and the Charles Smith Wines Tasting Room and World Headquarters.", "Tom Kundig: Works was published in 2015.", "Tom Kundig talked about Houses 2.", "The Princeton Architectural Press was published in 2011.", "There is a person named Ngo, and there is a person named Dung.", "There are houses by Tom Kundig.", "The Princeton Architectural Press was published in 2006", "Oscar Riera, ed., was written by Ojeda.", "An architecture, art, and craft firm.", "TheMonacelli Press was published in 2001.", "The American Institute of Architects Fellows of the American Institute of Architects 1954 births University of Washington College of Built Environments are references." ]

[ "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Ku", "Tom Ku", "Tom Kundig", "Kundig", "Tom", "Tom", "Tom", "Tom Ku", "Tom Ku", "Tom Ku", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundig", "Tom Ku", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundi" ]

[ "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundig", "Kundig", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundig", "Tom", "Tom", "Tom", "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundi", "Kundig", "Tom Ku", "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundi", "Tom Kundig", "Tom Kundi" ]

[ "Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (25 June 1827 – 29 January 1896) was a British Liberal statesman of the nineteenth century.", "He is perhaps best known for his reform efforts at the Admiralty and the War Office.", "Later in his career, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, his attempt to correct a budget shortfall led to the fall of the Liberal government led by William Gladstone.", "Early life\nChilders was born in London, the son of Reverend Eardley Childers and his wife Maria Charlotte (née Smith),\nsister of Sir Culling Eardley, 3rd Baronet and granddaughter of Sampson Eardley, 1st Baron Eardley.", "He was educated at Cheam School under Pestalozzi and then both Wadham College, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating B.A.", "from the latter in 1850.", "Influential on his intellectual development were Adam Smith's theories of free trade, and capital returns.", "Childers then decided to seek a career in Australia and on 26 October 1850 arrived in Melbourne, Victoria along with his wife Emily Walker.", "Australia\nChilders joined the government of Victoria and served as Inspector of Denominational schools (meaning Protestant and Catholic schools) and immigration agent.", "In 1852 he became a director of the Melbourne, Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway Company.", "Childers became auditor-general on 26 October 1852 and was nominated to the Victorian Legislative Council.", "In 1852 he placed a bill before the state legislature proposing the establishment of a university for Victoria, the second in Australia following the foundation of the University of Sydney in 1850.", "With the receipt of the Royal Assent in 1853, the University of Melbourne was founded, with Childers as its first vice-chancellor.", "Childers was Collector of Customs from 5 December 1853 to 28 November 1855 and Commissioner of Trade & Customs 28 November 1855 to 25 February 1857.", "Childers was elected to the inaugural Victorian Legislative Assembly for Portland in November 1856, a seat he held until resigning in February 1857.", "Return to Britain\nChilders retained the vice-chancellorship until his return to Britain in March 1857 and received an M.A.", "from Cambridge in the same year.", "Enters British politics\nIn 1860 he entered the House of Commons as a Liberal member for Pontefract, and within a few years joined the government of Lord Palmerston, becoming a Civil Lord of the Admiralty in 1864 and then Financial Secretary to the Treasury in 1865.", "First Lord of the Admiralty\n\nWith the election of Gladstone's government in December 1868, he rose to greater prominence, serving as First Lord of the Admiralty.", "Childers \"had a reputation for being hardworking, but inept, autocratic and notoriously overbearing in his dealing with colleagues.\"", "He \"initiated a determined programme of cost and manpower reductions, fully backed by the Prime Minister, Gladstone described him [Childers] as 'a man likely to scan with a rigid eye the civil expenses of the Naval Service'.", "He got the naval estimates just below the psychologically important figure of £10,000,000.", "Childers strengthened his own position as First Lord by reducing the role of the Board of Admiralty to a purely formal one, making meetings rare and short and confining the Sea Lords rigidly to the administrative functions...", "Initially Childers had the support of the influential Controller of the Navy, Vice-Admiral Sir [Robert] Spencer Robinson.\"", "\"His re-organisation of the Admiralty was unpopular and poorly done.\"", "Childers was responsible for the construction of HMS Captain in defiance of the advice of his professional advisers, the Controller (Robinson) and the Chief Constructor Edward James Reed.", "Captain was commissioned in April 1870, and sank on the night of 6/7 September 1870.", "She was, as predicted by Robison and Reed, insufficiently stable.", "\"Shortly before the battleship sank, Childers had moved his son, Midshipman Leonard Childers from Reed's designed HMS Monarch onto the new ship-of-the-line; Leonard did not survive.\"", "Childers \"faced strong criticism following the Court Martial on the loss of HMS Captain, and attempted to clear his name with a 359-page memorandum, a move described as \"dubious public ethics\".", "Vice Admiral Sir Robert Spencer Robinson wrote 'His endeavors were directed to throw the blame which might be supposed to attach to himself on those who had throughout expressed their disapproval of such methods of construction'.\"", "Childers unfairly blamed Robinson for the loss of the Captain, and as a result of this Robinson was replaced as Third Lord and Controller of the navy in February 1871.", "\"Following the loss of his son and the recriminations that followed, Childers resigned through ill health as First Lord in March 1871.\"", "1871–1880\nFollowing his resignation he spent some months on the Continent, and recovered sufficiently to take office in 1872 as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.", "The consequent ministerial by-election on 15 August 1872 was the first Parliamentary election to be held after the Ballot Act 1872 required the use of a secret ballot.", "Secretary for War\n\nWhen the Liberals regained power in 1880, Childers was appointed Secretary for War, a position he accepted reluctantly.", "He therefore had to bear responsibility for cuts in arms expenditure, a policy that provoked controversy when Britain began fighting; first the Boers in South Africa in 1880 and then the invasion of Egypt in 1882.", "Childers was also very unpopular with Horse Guards for the reinforcement and expansion of the Cardwell reforms.", "On 1 May 1881 he passed General Order 41, which outlined a series of improvements known as the Childers reforms.", "Chancellor of the Exchequer\nChilders became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1882, a post he had coveted.", "As such, he attempted to implement a conversion of Consols in 1884.", "Although the scheme proved a failure, it paved the way for the subsequent conversion in 1888.", "He attempted to resolve a budget shortfall in June 1885 by increasing alcohol duty and income tax.", "His budget was rejected by Parliament, and the government - already unpopular due to events in Egypt - was forced out of office.", "Childers's colleague the Earl of Rosebery commented resignedly: \"So far as I know the budget is as good a question to go out upon as any other, and Tuesday as good a day.\"", "Home Secretary\nAt the subsequent election in December 1885 Childers lost his Pontefract seat, but returned as an independent Home Ruler for Edinburgh South (one of the few Liberals who adopted this policy before Gladstone's conversion in 1886).", "Childers then served as Home Secretary in the short-lived ministry of 1886.", "He was critical of the financial clauses of the First Home Rule Bill, and their withdrawal was largely due to his threat of resignation.", "Nevertheless, the bill still failed to pass, and its rejection brought down the Liberal government.", "Retirement and the Childers Commission\n\nHe retired from parliament in 1892, and his last piece of work was the drafting of a report for the 1894 \"Financial Relations Commission\" on Irish financial matters, of which he was chairman (generally known as the Childers Commission).", "This found that, compared to the rest of the United Kingdom, Ireland had been overtaxed on a per capita basis by some £2 or £3 million annually in previous decades.", "The matter was finally debated in March 1897.", "In the following decades Irish nationalists frequently quoted the report as proof that some form of fiscal freedom was needed to end imperial over-taxation, which was prolonging Irish poverty.", "Their opponents noted that the extra tax received had come from an unduly high consumption of tea, stout, whiskey and tobacco, and not from income tax.", "His younger cousin Erskine Childers wrote a book on the matter in 1911.", "Childers' 1894 report was still considered influential in 1925 in considering the mutual financial positions between the new Irish Free State and the United Kingdom.", "In 1926 an Irish Senate debate included claims by some Senators that, with compound interest, Ireland was owed as much as £1.2 billion by Britain.", "This, however, ignored the changed economic conditions since 1894, and at the eve of secession Southern Ireland was being heavily subsidised by the British taxpayer.", "This economic reality forced the initial Irish Free State government to cut the old age pension from five to four shillings.", "In 1932 on the start of the Anglo-Irish Trade War, the Irish government made a claim for £400 million in respect of past overtaxation, amongst others, but this was not mentioned when the dispute was settled in 1938.", "Family, later life and death\nChilders married Emily Walker in 1850.", "They had six sons and two daughters.", "One of their daughters, Emily \"Milly\" Childers, was a portrait and landscape painter.", "His first wife died in 1875 and Childers married Katherine Anne Gilbert in 1879.", "A cousin, Erskine Childers, was the author of the spy novel The Riddle of the Sands, an important figure in the Irish War of Independence and Irish Civil War (during which he was executed), and father of the fourth President of Ireland, Erskine Hamilton Childers.", "Towards the end of his ministerial career \"HCE\" Childers was known for his girth, and so acquired the nickname \"Here Comes Everybody\", which was later used as a motif in Finnegans Wake by James Joyce.", "Childers died in January 1896, aged 68.", "He is buried on the south side of the central enclosed roundel in Brompton Cemetery, London.", "See also\n Childers, Queensland, town named after Childers\n HMAS Childers (ACPB 93), Australian ship named after the town\n\nFootnotes\n\nFurther reading\nChilders Commission\n \n \n \n\nBiography\n Vol.", "I; Vol.", "II\n The Educational Activities in Victoria of the Right Hon.", "H. C. E. Childers, E. Sweetman, 1940\n\nExternal links\n\n \nA Portrait from the New York Public Library Archives\n\n Childers and Cardwell Reforms \n\n \n\n1827 births\n1896 deaths\nHugh\nPoliticians from London\nPeople educated at Cheam School\nAlumni of Trinity College, Cambridge\nMembers of the Victorian Legislative Assembly\nMembers of the Victorian Legislative Council\nEnglish people of Portuguese-Jewish descent\nVice-Chancellors of the University of Melbourne\nChancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom\nBritish Secretaries of State\nChancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster\nFirst Lords of the Admiralty\nMembers of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom\nLiberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies\nUK MPs 1859–1865\nUK MPs 1865–1868\nUK MPs 1868–1874\nUK MPs 1874–1880\nUK MPs 1880–1885\nUK MPs 1886–1892\nScottish Liberal Party MPs\nFellows of the Royal Society\nAgents-General for Victoria\nMembers of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Edinburgh constituencies" ]

[ "Hugh Culling Eardley Childers died on January 29, 1896.", "He is best known for his work at the Admiralty and War Office.", "The fall of the Liberal government was caused by his attempt to correct a budget shortfall as Chancellor of the Exchequer.", "Childers was the son of Reverend Eardley Childers and his wife Maria Charlotte Smith, sister of Sir Culling Eardley, 3rd Baronet and granddaughter of 1st Baron Eardley.", "He graduated from Trinity College in Cambridge with a B.A., after being educated at Cheam School under Pestalozzi.", "In 1850.", "Adam Smith's theories of free trade and capital returns were influential on his intellectual development.", "Childers and his wife Emily Walker arrived in Melbourne, Victoria on October 26, 1850.", "Childers joined the government of Victoria and worked as an immigration agent and inspector of Denominational schools.", "He was a director of the Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway Company.", "Childers was nominated to the Victorian Legislative Council after becoming auditor-general.", "He placed a bill before the state legislature to establish a university for Victoria, the second university in Australia after the University of Sydney.", "Childers was the first vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne.", "Childers was the Commissioner of Trade & Customs from November 1855 to February 1856.", "Childers was elected to the inaugural Victorian Legislative Assembly for Portland in November 1856, but resigned in February 1857.", "Childers was the vice-chancellor until he returned to Britain and received an M.A.", "In the same year, from Cambridge.", "In 1860 he entered the House of Commons as a Liberal member and within a few years became a Civil Lord of the Admiralty and Financial Secretary to the Treasury.", "He became the First Lord of the Admiralty after the election of a new government.", "Childers had a reputation for being inflexible and domineering in his dealings with his colleagues.", "He initiated a determined programme of cost and manpower reductions, fully backed by the Prime Minister, and was described as a man likely to scans with a rigid eye the civil expenses of the Naval Service.", "The naval estimates were just below the important figure of $10,000,000.", "Childers reduced the role of the Board of Admiralty in order to strengthen his own position as First Lord.", "Childers was supported initially by the Controller of the Navy, Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Spencer Robinson.", "The re-organisation of the Admiralty was unpopular.", "Childers was responsible for the construction of the ship in defiance of the advice of his professional advisers.", "Captain sank on the night of 6/7 September 1870.", "Robison and Reed predicted that she was insufficiently stable.", "Childers moved his son, Midshipman Leonard Childers from Reed's designedHMS Monarch to the new ship-of-the-line when the battleship sank.", "Childers faced strong criticism after the Court Martial and tried to clear his name with a 358-page memo.", "Vice Admiral Sir Robert Spencer Robinson wrote that his endeavors were directed to throw the blame which might be supposed to attach to himself on those who had expressed their disapproval of such methods of construction.", "Robinson was replaced as Third Lord and Controller of the navy in February 1871 after Childers unfairly blamed him for the loss of the Captain.", "Childers resigned as First Lord in March 1871 after the loss of his son and recriminations.", "He took office as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1872 after spending some months on the Continent.", "The first Parliamentary election after the use of a secret ballot was held in August 1872.", "Childers reluctantly accepted the position of Secretary for War when the Liberals regained power.", "The policy of cutting arms expenditure caused controversy when Britain began fighting, first in South Africa in the late 19th century and then in Egypt in the early 20th century.", "The expansion of the Cardwell reforms was unpopular with childers.", "The Childers reforms were outlined in General Order 41 that was passed on 1 May.", "Childers became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1882, a post he had coveted.", "He tried to convert Consols in 1884.", "Although the scheme failed, it paved the way for the conversion.", "In June 1885, he tried to resolve a budget shortfall by increasing alcohol duty and income tax.", "The unpopular government was forced out of office after the budget was rejected by Parliament.", "Childers's colleague the Earl of Rosebery commented resignedly, \"So far as I know the budget is as good a question to ask as any other, and Tuesday as good a day.\"", "Childers returned as an independent Home Ruler for Edinburgh South after losing his Pontefract seat in the December 1885 election.", "Childers was Home Secretary in 1886.", "The financial clauses of the First Home Rule Bill were withdrawn due to his threat of resignation.", "The Liberal government was brought down by the bill's rejection.", "The drafting of a report for the \"Financial Relations Commission\" on Irish financial matters was his last piece of work after he retired from parliament.", "It was found that Ireland had been overtaxed on a per capita basis in the past.", "The matter was debated in 1897.", "Irish nationalists often quoted the report as proof that fiscal freedom was needed to end imperial over-taxation, which was prolonging Irish poverty.", "Their opponents pointed out that the extra tax received was not from income tax but from excessive consumption of tea, stout, whiskey and tobacco.", "His cousin wrote a book about it.", "The Irish Free State and the United Kingdom's mutual financial positions were considered influential by Childers' 1894 report.", "Some Senators claimed in an Irish Senate debate that Ireland was owed over a billion dollars by Britain.", "This ignored the changed economic conditions since 1894 and the fact that Southern Ireland was being heavily subsidized by the British.", "The old age pension was cut from five to four shillings.", "During the start of the Anglo-Irish Trade War in 1932, the Irish government made a claim for £400 million in respect of past overtaxation, but this was not mentioned when the dispute was settled in 1938.", "Childers married Emily Walker in 1850.", "They had eight children, six sons and two daughters.", "Emily Childers was a portrait and landscape painter.", "Childers married Katherine Anne Gilbert in 1879 after his first wife died.", "The father of the fourth President of Ireland, Erskine Hamilton Childers, was an important figure in the Irish War of Independence and Irish Civil War and the author of the spy novel The Riddle of the Sands.", "The nickname \"Here Comes Everybody\" was given to HCE Childers by James Joyce, who used it in Finnegans Wake.", "Childers died in January 1896.", "He is buried on the south side of the roundel.", "There is an Australian ship named after the town of Childers.", "I, Vol.", "There are educational activities in Victoria.", "The New York Public Library Archives has a portrait of Childers and Cardwell Reforms." ]

[ "Hugh Culling Eardley Childers", "Childers", "Reverend Eardley Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Leonard Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Hamilton Childers", "Childers" ]

[ "Hugh Culling Eardley Childers", "Reverend Eardley Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Leonard Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Childers", "Emily Childers", "Hamilton Childers", "Childers", "Childers" ]

[ "Gerolf or Gerulf (c. 850 – 895/896) was the second count of this name who is attested in the area of Friesland (which also included Holland at the time).", "Gerolf's main area of power seems to have been in Kennemerland.", "Count Gerolf is often regarded as the founder of the County of Holland, although the actual name \"Holland\" is from a later time.", "His ancestry is unclear, but he may have been a son or, more likely, a grandson of the earlier Gerolf, who was a count in the area of Frisia at the time of the reign of Emperor Louis the Pious (fl.", "833) and who later joined a monastery.", "The earlier Gerolf died in 855.", "There is some limited and vague evidence that this earlier Gerolf was a son of a certain Theodoric, who in turn supposedly descended from the Frisian king Redbad (d. 719).", "Count Gerolf is often identified as the father of Count Dirk I and seen as the founder of the first house of the Counts of Holland, which ruled the county until it was inherited by John II of Hainaut in 1299.", "Formation of the County of Holland\n\nSince the Treaty of Verdun (concluded in 843) Frisia and other parts of the present-day Netherlands had become a part of, at first Middle Francia, then after 855 Lotharingia, and finally after the Treaty of Meerssen it was incorporated into East Francia in 870.", "However, ever since the 840s a series of Viking leaders had been installed in the region (as a means of defense against further incursions) and they were the de facto rulers of the region.", "It was not until 885 that this situation was put to an end by the murder of Godfrid, Duke of Frisia at a place called Herespich (identified as modern Spijk).", "According to some sources Count Gerolf and Eberhard Count of Hamaland (who was later appointed Margrave of Frisia) were foremost amongst the conspirators in this plot.", "In the Chronicon of Regino of Prüm, on the other hand, there is no mention of Gerulf as taking part of this plan.", "Instead, according to this version, the murdering scheme would have been instigated by Emperor Charles and a certain Duke Henry.", "If so, it was, possibly, then, effectuated by Eberhard.", "The same Eberhard was hunted out and killed by Gerolf's son Waldger in 898, but the origin of that conflict is unknown, a possible explanation being that Waldger (who probably descended from Frisian royalty, see below) contested Eberhard's recent appointment as Margrave.", "It might be important remembering, in face of this scenario, how Merovingian and, most particularly, Carolingian leaders had hunted heathen Frisians just before the Frankish society had to deal with the Viking expansion.", "In this sense, it is interesting, as well, to observe how far the Gerulfingian House of Holland, during the centuries to follow, would pose an obstacle for the full grasp of this region by the Holy Roman Empire.", "On 4 August 889, Count Gerolf received a reward for his role in the defeat of the Vikings.", "On this date Arnulf of Carinthia, King of East Francia, granted him a number of lands and properties in full ownership.", "Firstly, he was granted an area outside his county, in Teisterbant, which consisted of a number of farms and houses in, amongst others, Tiel, Aalburg and Asch.", "Also he was granted additional property in his own county, consisting of a forest and agricultural lands, situated somewhere between the mouth of the Old Rhine and (presumably) Bennebroek.", "Doubts about the founding of the House of Holland\n\nOnly since the late nineteenth century is Gerolf regarded as the founder of the House of Holland.", "This is based on a poem composed around 1120.", "It locates the tombs where members of the house were interred.", "The poem begins with: \"The first Dirk, brother of Waldger was a glorious man ...\" In another work Waldger is named: \"Waldgarius Freso, Gerulfi filius\", which translates as: \"Waldger the Frisian, son of Gerolf\".", "However, it appears unusual that, following the death of Gerolf, the eldest son Waldger received Teisterbant, while the younger brother Dirk inherited the comital title, although the title wasn't necessarily inheritable, but often rather by appointment.", "Also surprising is that Waldger's eldest son was named Radboud and a possible second son (or other relation) of his was named Hatto.", "It was customary in those days, that the eldest son received the name of his father's father.", "It is therefore thought that Gerolf was not the father but the foster-father of Waldger and Dirk.", "Filius in this case meaning foster-son.", "The most likely candidate for the biological father of Dirk and Waldger is Redbad II, prince of the Frisians.", "Waldger's nickname Freso may also be indicative of this origin.", "This prince Radboud fell in battle in 874, while repelling a Viking incursion together with Reginar \"Longneck\" (Count of Maasgau, later Duke of Lorraine).", "At this time Dirk and Waldger were still infants.", "It is further speculated that because Gerolf's sister may have been Dirk and Waldger's mother, her brother acted as her children's guardian after their father had been killed.", "While Dirk and Waldger were still minors, Gerolf, as guardian, presumably was then appointed count of the threatened area to protect it from the Vikings.", "Later on, after Gerolf had died without leaving any sons of his own, Dirk then inherited the fief or was appointed as its next count.", "Possibly Waldger may have received (the properties in) Teisterbant because this was an allodium of the family, the comital title and territories being an imperial appointment.", "Yet another possibility is that Dirk was called Waldger's brother because one of them was married to the other's sister (i.e.", "Gerolf's daughter, making him a son-in-law of Gerolf's).", "Alternatively, Gerolf may have simply been, as is often assumed, the father of Dirk.", "The reason that Dirk and not (the elder) Waldger was appointed count is possibly also Waldger's feud with Eberhard of Hamaland, the newly appointed Margrave of Frisia, whom he murdered in 898.", "Notes\n\nReferences\nhttps://web.archive.org/web/20080413063227/http://www.geerts.com/holland/holland-1.htm\n\n Charles Cawley Medieval Lands: Holland & Frisia 2007\nD Arn 57, page 81\nKoch, A. C. F. (editor) (1970) Oorkondenboek van Holland en Zeeland tot 1299 (Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague) 21, page 36\nB.K.S.", "Dijkstra, Een stamboom in been, Amsterdam 1991.", "Medieval Frisian rulers\nCounts of Holland\n9th-century rulers in Europe" ]

[ "The second count of this name who is attested in the area of Friesland was Gerolf or Gerulf.", "It seems that Gerolf's main area of power was in Kennemerland.", "The County of Holland was founded by Count Gerolf, but the actual name is from a later time.", "He may have been a son or grandson of Gerolf, who was a count in the area of Frisia at the time of the reign of Emperor Louis the Pious.", "He later joined a monastery.", "Gerolf died in 855.", "There is some evidence that Gerolf was a son of the Theodoric, who is said to have descended from the Frisian king Redbad.", "The first house of the Counts of Holland was founded by Count Gerolf, who is thought to be the father of Count Dirk I.", "After the Treaty of Verdun, Frisia and other parts of the present-day Netherlands became part of the County of Holland.", "The Viking leaders were installed in the region as a means of defense against further incursions and they were the defacto rulers.", "The murder of Godfrid, Duke of Frisia at a place called Herespich was the end of this situation.", "According to some sources, Count Gerolf and Eberhard Count of Hamaland were the main conspirators in this plot.", "There is no mention of Gerulf in the Chronicon of Regino ofPrm.", "The murdering scheme would have been started by Emperor Charles and a certain Duke Henry according to this version.", "If that was the case, it would have an effect on Eberhard.", "Eberhard was hunted out and killed by Gerolf's son Waldger in 898, but the origin of that conflict is unknown, a possible explanation being that Waldger (who probably descended from Frisian royalty, see below) fought Eberhard's appointment as Mar.", "The Merovingian and Carolingian leaders hunted the Frisians before the Frankish society had to deal with the Viking expansion.", "The Gerulfingian House of Holland, during the centuries to follow, would pose an obstacle to the Holy Roman Empire's full grasp of this region.", "Count Gerolf received a reward for his role in the defeat of the Vikings.", "A number of lands and properties were granted to him by the King of East Francia.", "He was granted an area outside his county, in Teisterbant, which included a number of farms and houses.", "There is a forest and agricultural lands located between the mouth of the Old Rhine and Bennebroek in his own county.", "Gerolf is thought to be the founder of the House of Holland.", "The poem was written around 1120.", "The tombs are where members of the house were buried.", "The poem begins with: \"The first Dirk, brother of Waldger was a glorious man...\"", "Although the title wasn't necessarily inheritable, the younger brother Dirk was given Teisterbant by Waldger after Gerolf's death.", "It's surprising that Waldger's oldest son was named Radboud and a possible second son was named Hatto.", "The oldest son was usually given the name of his father's father.", "Gerolf is thought to be the father of Waldger and Dirk.", "In this case, filius means foster-son.", "Redbad II, prince of the Frisians, is the most likely father of Dirk and Waldger.", "Waldger's nickname may be indicative of this origin.", "While repelling a Viking incursion, this prince fell in battle.", "Dirk and Waldger were still infants.", "It is thought that Gerolf's brother acted as their guardian after their father was killed.", "Gerolf was appointed to protect the area from the Vikings after Dirk and Waldger were grown up.", "Dirk was appointed as the next count after Gerolf died without leaving any sons of his own.", "It is possible that Waldger received the properties in Teisterbant because he was an imperial appointment.", "Another possibility is that Dirk was called Waldger's brother because one of them was married to the other's sister.", "He is a son-in-law of Gerolf's daughter.", "Gerolf may have been the father of Dirk.", "Waldger's feud with Eberhard of Hamaland, the newly appointed Margrave of Frisia, may be the reason that Dirk and the elder Waldger were not appointed count.", "Charles Cawley Medieval Lands: Holland & Frisia was published in 2007.", "Een stamboom was in Amsterdam in 1991.", "The 9th-century rulers of Europe were the Frisian rulers." ]

[ "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Nijhoff" ]

[ "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf", "Gerolf" ]

[ "Louis Cyr (; born Cyprien-Noé Cyr, October 10, 1863 - November 10, 1912) was a Quebecois strongman with a career spanning the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "His recorded feats, including lifting (1/4 ton) with one finger and backlifting (2 tons), show Cyr to be, according to former International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness chairman Ben Weider, one of the strongest men ever to have lived.", "Early years \nCyr was born in Saint-Cyprien-de-Napierville, Quebec, Canada.", "Coming from a robust French-Acadian family, he began developing his extraordinary strength at an early age.", "From the age of twelve Cyr worked in a lumber camp during the winters and on the family's farm the rest of the year.", "Discovering his exceptional strength at a very young age, he impressed his fellow workers with his feats of strength.", "After learning of the tale, Cyr attempted to mimic the practice of legendary strongman Milo of Croton, who as a child carried a calf on his shoulders, continuing to carry it as it grew into a full-grown bull and he into a grown man.", "Cyr's calf, however, bolted one day, kicking him in his back, after which he instead began carrying a sack of grain every day, adding each day.", "According to one of his biographers, his mother decided \"He should let his hair grow, like Samson in the Bible\".", "She curled it regularly.", "Louis started his strong man career at the age of 17, after some publicity came about due to an incident when the young Louis was reported to have lifted a farmer's heavily laden wagon out of the mire in which it had become stuck.", "He was matched in a contest against Michaud of Quebec, who was recognized as Canada's strongest man of the time.", "Cyr beat him in tests of lifting of heavy stones by hoisting a granite boulder weighing .", "In 1878 the Cyr family immigrated to Lowell, Massachusetts in the United States.", "In Lowell, Cyr changed his name from Cyprien-Noé to Louis, as it was easier to pronounce in English.", "Again his great strength brought him fame.", "At 17 years old he weighed .", "He entered his first strongman contest in Boston at age 22, lifting a horse off the ground; the fully grown male horse was placed on a platform with 2 iron bars attached enabling Cyr to obtain a better grip.", "The horse weighed at least .", "Rise to fame \n\nIn 1882, while working as a logger, Louis married Melina (née Gilbert dit Comtois).", "The following year he and his wife returned to Lowell, hoping to capitalize on his fame there.", "A tour of the Maritimes was organized, and while it may have benefited the organizer, Cyr gained no profit financially.", "He then began touring Quebec with his family in a show they called \"The Troupe Cyr\".", "Soon proving his immense strength, he was urged by friends to enter the exciting, albeit highly precarious world of professional strong men, lifting mainly crude solid or shot filled weights.", "From 1883 to 1885, Cyr served as a police officer in Montreal, Quebec.", "Following this he went on tour with a troupe that included a wrestler, a boxer, and a weightlifter.", "He entered a strongman competition in March 1886, at Quebec City, against the reigning Canadian strongman, David Michaud.", "Cyr lifted a barbell with one hand (to Michaud's ) and a weight of on his back, to his opponent's to win the title of strongest man in the country.", "With little reward at this early foray into professional weightlifting, Louis was forced to seek other employment.", "Cyr became a police officer after breaking up a knife fight and carrying both participants to the police station.", "Prudent with his earnings, Louis left the police force and purchased a tavern/restaurant in St. Cunégonde, where he also featured a gymnasium which became a mecca for strength athletes and fighters.", "Cyr was well acquainted with John L. Sullivan, being one of the few to defy Sullivan's commands to drink when he drank.", "Sullivan was known as The Boston Strong Boy and was very powerful, but not in Cyr's class.", "Cyr, happy in his own environment, beat all comers when challenged to perform.", "Cyr's exploits had been well publicized in the 'Pink Un' or Police Gazette published by Richard K. Fox, the proprietor and promoter of other strength athletes, e.g.", "Travis, Eugen Sandow, etc.", "Fox offered a side bet of $5,000 to anyone who could beat Cyr at any of his strength feats.", "Promoted by Fox, Louis went on tour circa 1885–1891 beating, amongst others: Sebastian Miller, Bienkowski, or Cyclops, August Johnson, and Richard Pennell, plus continually challenging, without success, Eugen Sandow, with a genuine diamond studded belt to be awarded to the winner, should such an event ever take place.", "It never did.", "Sandow avoided any such challenges throughout his esteemed career after early mistakes, like the time he was beaten by McCann.", "There was no doubt that Cyr was an unusual man regarding size and measurements, the latter often causing debate.", "Although Dr. Dudley A. Sargent, famous Harvard University physical director recorded measuring Cyr in 1895 when Cyr was 32 years old and weighed .", "Sargent listed Cyr's height as 5'8.5\".", "Other measurements, most on the conservative side as compared to other biographers, were neck – , biceps – , forearms – , wrists – , chest (normal) – , chest expanded – , waist - , hips – , thighs – , knees – 17\", and calves - , far short of the quoted 28\", but perhaps a possible 23\" later when of higher body weight.", "Ankle and Shoulder width with calipers ... across the deltoids .", "The above details were just one set of figures relating to Cyr's size, others being recorded by Willoughby when for example Cyr was 47 years old (in 1910) gave him calf 23\", neck 22 3/4\", biceps 21 1/2\".", "chest normal 59 1/2\" and thighs 33\" with other parts to match the increase in weight, being at the time a heavier 365 lbs.", "Ben Weider, who was privileged to access family archives, was even more generous giving arm size , forearms , and calves, the disputed , following a similar line to Jowett.", "Reputation as a Strongman \n\nWhile several of Cyr's feats of strength may have been exaggerated over the years, some were documented and remain impressive.", "These included:\n lifting a platform on his back holding 18 men for a total of \n lifting a weight with one finger\n pushing a freight car up an incline\n At 19 years old, he lifted a rock from ground up to his shoulder, officially weighted at 514 pounds\n He beat Eugen Sandow's bent press record (and therefore the heaviest weight lifted with one hand) by to a total of .", "Perhaps his greatest feat occurred in 1895, when he was reported to have lifted on his back in Boston by putting 18 men on a platform and lifting them.", "One of his most memorable displays of strength occurred in Montreal on 12 October 1891.", "Louis resisted the pull of four draught horses (two in each hand) as grooms stood cracking their whips to get the horses to pull harder, a feat he again demonstrated in Ottawa with Queen Victoria's team of draught horses during her royal visit.", "While in Ottawa he volunteered with the police when they took deputies to round up a local gang of miscreants; they turned him away claiming he would be too slow due to his bulk.", "He challenged the regular officers to a foot race, beating the majority, and they took him on.", "He patrolled as a police officer between 1883 and 1885 in Sainte-Cunégonde, known now as Petite-Bourgogne (Little Burgundy) in Montreal.", "Both the Parc Louis-Cyr and the Place des Hommes-Forts (\"Strongmen's Square\") are named after him.", "Statues of him are located at Place des Hommes-Forts and the Musée de la Civilisation in Quebec City.", "The high school in his hometown of Napierville is also named after him.", "Through no fault of his own, many of Cyr's lifts, like his measurements, have been exaggerated or misquoted.", "In particular, his celebrated back lift done in Boston, of 18 men on a platform, is usually generously estimated at 4,300 lb, which allowing for a very heavy platform of at most 500 lb, meant that each man on average would have weighed approximately 211 lb.", "Cyr was also credited with side pressing with one arm (the right), a lift witnessed by Britain's great champion Tom Pevier, who described it more like a 'Jerk Press.'", "The dumbbell, a huge thick handled one, was lifted to the shoulders with two hands, before the single-handed overhead move.", "Cyr's dumbbells were often so unwieldy that many respectable strongmen were unable to lift them off the floor, let alone lift them over head.", "One particular dumbbell of Cyr's weighed, when empty, .", "It was the same bell that had defeated a drove of former strength athletes, and it was exchanged by its owner, 280 lb.", "police chief Joseph Moquin of Quebec (who could and did bent press the weight) for a modern set of York weights.", "Thus, it came into the possession of the late Bob Hoffman and Mike Dietz.", "According to Strength & Health magazine, Hoffman, after several attempts, was able to bent press it, as did the much lighter 150 lb.", "Sig Klein.", "John Grimek later also bent pressed it, half a dozen times or so one afternoon, when the weight was increased to 269.5 lb, by adding, as it happened, the lead type from Mark Berrys' classic tome Physical Training Simplified.", "Hence the reason the book was never reprinted.", "Cyr was a big man in all ways, both heart and size, being a great trencherman, eating more than four normal men.", "Up to 6 lb of meat at one meal ... a genuine gourmand, increasing weight enormously in his later years.", "His lightest bodyweight was when he competed against August Johnson, then just 270 lb, although his normal contest condition was nearer 320 lb.", "Cyr's wife, Melina, by contrast, never weighed more than 100 lb.", "In 1886 Cyr met and defeated Richard Pennell, then Pennell being 40, and Louis just 23.", "In 1888 on 1 October at Berthierville, Quebec, he lifted 3,536 lb/1, 604 kg of pig iron for his first record in the back lift.", "On 1 December 1891 at Sohmer Park in Montreal, before some 10,000 people, Cyr resisted the pull of four draught horses, two on each side, despite grooms cracking their whips to encourage the horses to pull harder and strain their haunches.", "In January 1892 Cyr embarked in England with partner Horace Barré, arousing much interest and curiosity at his London debut at the Royal Aquarium, with 5,000 people packing the theater to watch Cyr's act and witness his open challenge to the wide world of strongmen, many celebrities of which were in the audience, with a side wager of £1,000 (Equivalent to about £98,070.00 as of 2015).", "It was on this historical occasion, on 19 January 1892 that Cyr pressed the pre-mentioned 273.75 lb.", "dumbbell.", "Many years later Doc Aumont, son-in-law of Louis, loaned Cyr's famous dumbbell to the Weider's Your Physique office in Montreal for a month, during which time over 500 people tried and failed to lift the weight.", "During his first London show, many other feats followed, all exceeding contemporary records, culminating in the famous Backlift.", "Placing a number of men upon a heavy platform resting across two trestles, Louis ducked beneath the platform, placed his back below the center, and raised both the contraption and the passengers clear off the trestles.", "Weight on this occasion was estimated at 3,635 lb.", "Traveling extensively throughout the UK he also visited Scotland, raising and carrying for a distance one of the famed Dinnie Stones.", "Cyr was very popular in Britain, being feted by celebrities and Royalty alike, including the Prince of Wales and Queen Victoria.", "After returning to the U.S.A. on 27 May, Cyr did his best back lift in Boston, with over 4,000 lb estimated.", "Consisting of 18 'bulky' men.", "During his most active period, circa 1896, on March 31 he did a clean and jerk (the clean is a misnomer) of 347 lb, then a World record, without science or skill, little if any dipping.", "Reputable witness Oscar Mathes said the lift was closer to a straight-legged press.", "Cyr did a one-handed deadlift with a dumbbell weighing , made harder by the fact that the bar was 1.5 inches thick.", "On 7 and 8 May 1896, he performed a crucifix with in his right hand, and in his left.", "Some authors often credit him with holding out with one arm.- .", "He also dumbbell pressed 162 lb for 36 reps, did a one finger lift, first with 552 lb and the next day made it .", "Lifted via one hand, style not specified, but most suspect using hand and thigh method, .", "plus again, using hand and thigh, .", "For years Louis pictured himself as a modern Biblical Samson with tresses to match.", "In the folds of his long hair he would tie three fifty pound weights, one on each side, and one in the center, with the three weights dangling from his scalp, he would also spin around, swirling the weights around his head.", "By co-incidence on his visit to Britain, the top of the pops was a ditty entitled 'Get Your Hair Cut'...Louis must have taken the hint, as afterwards he always sported short hair.", "More power of the arm and shoulder was demonstrated by his stunt of stacking four fifty pound weights one on top of the other on his half flexed arm, balancing them whilst walking across the room.", "Wrestling a giant\nCyr learned boxing and wrestling for a match.", "While in Montréal, Que., 25 March 1901, Louis Cyr wrestled Édouard Beaupré, who was known as a giant man.", "Cyr's height was measured at and he weighed .", "Beaupré's height was measured at and he weighed .", "Cyr won.", "Death\n\nBy 1904 Cyr's health began to fail due to excessive eating and inactivity.", "At the time, he weighed .", "He slimmed down as best he could for his last contest of strength, with Hector De Carrie.", "Cyr retained his title and retired unvanquished.", "Cyr died on November 10, 1912, in Montreal, of chronic nephritis and was interred at St-Jean-De-Matha.", "Great homage was paid by all of Canada, with immense crowds attending the funeral and floral tributes coming from all over the world.", "He was portrayed by Antoine Bertrand in the 2013 biographical film Louis Cyr, l'homme le plus fort du monde.", "World record\nAs shown in movie Louis Cyr\n Crucifix: left hand and right hand\n One-handed snatch: \n One-handed press: \n Back lift: \n Two-handed lift:\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n Weider, B.", "1976.", "The Strongest Man in History: Louis Cyr, Amazing Canadian.", "Translation of Louis Cyr, l’homme le plus fort du monde.", "Vancouver: Mitchell Press.", "Debon, Nicolas.", "2007.", "The Strongest Man in the World: Louis Cyr.", "Toronto: Groundwood Books.", "External links\n\n Heroes of Yore and Lore: Canadian Heroes in Fact and Fiction\n Sandow Plus website featuring a link to a vintage biography of Cyr..\n\n1863 births\n1912 deaths\nCanadian folklore\nCanadian strength athletes\nDeaths from nephritis\nPeople associated with physical culture\nPeople from Montérégie\nPersons of National Historic Significance (Canada)\nSportspeople from Quebec\nCanadian male sport wrestlers\nFrench Quebecers\nPeople from Lowell, Massachusetts" ]

[ "A Quebecois strongman with a career that spanned the late 19th and early 20th centuries was born on October 10, 1863.", "Ben Weider, one of the strongest men ever to have lived, said that his recorded feats, including lifting 1 ton with one finger and 2 ton with one finger, show to be.", "Early years were born in Saint-Cyprien-de-Napierville.", "He began to develop his strength at an early age.", "During the winters, Cyr worked in a lumber camp and the rest of the year on the family's farm.", "He impressed his fellow workers with his strength when he was young.", "Milo of Croton was a legendary strongman who as a child carried a calf on his shoulders, continuing to carry it as it grew into a full-grown bull and he became a grown man.", "He began carrying a sack of grain every day after his calf kicked him in the back.", "According to one of his biographers, his mother told him to let his hair grow.", "She curled it a lot.", "Louis started his strong man career at the age of 17 after some publicity came about due to an incident when he lifted a farmer's wagon out of the mire in which it had become stuck.", "Michaud was considered to be Canada's strongest man of the time and he was matched against him.", "He was beaten in tests of lifting heavy stones by Cyr.", "The Cyr family moved to Massachusetts in the United States in the 19th century.", "He changed his name to Louis because it was easier to say in English.", "His strength made him famous again.", "He was 17 years old.", "He entered his first strongman contest at the age of 22 when he lifted a fully grown male horse off the ground.", "The horse weighed in.", "While working as a logger, Louis married Melina.", "He and his wife went back toLowell to take advantage of his fame there.", "While a tour of the Maritimes may have benefited the organizers, they did not make a profit.", "He toured Quebec with his family in a show.", "Soon proving his immense strength, he was urged by friends to enter the exciting, albeit highly precarious world of professional strong men, lifting mainly crude solid or shot filled weights.", "He was a police officer in Montreal from 1884 to 1885.", "The troupe that 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611", "David Michaud was the reigning Canadian strongman when he entered a strongman competition in March 1886.", "In order to win the title of strongest man in the country, Cyr lifted a barbell with one hand and a weight on his back.", "Louis was forced to look for other employment after he became a professional weightlifter.", "After breaking up a knife fight, Cyr became a police officer.", "Louis left the police force and opened a tavern and gym in St. Cunégonde, which became a mecca for strength athletes and fighters.", "One of the few to defy Sullivan's commands to drink was Cyr.", "Sullivan was known as The Boston Strong Boy, but he was not in Cyr's class.", "When challenged to perform, Cyr beat all comers.", "The 'Pink Un' was published by Richard K. Fox, the proprietor and promoter of other strength athletes.", "Eugen Sandow, etc.", "If anyone could beat Cyr at any of his strength feats, Fox would give them $5,000.", "Louis was promoted by Fox and went on tour around 1885-1991 beating, amongst others, Sebastian Miller, Bienkowski, August Johnson, and Richard Pennell, plus continually challenging, without success, Eugen Sandow, with a genuine diamond studded belt to be awarded to the winner.", "It never did.", "Sandow didn't face any challenges like the time he was beaten by McCann.", "There was no doubt that Cyr was an unusual man when it came to size and measurement.", "The Harvard University physical director recorded measuring Cyr in 1895 when he was NationMaster NationMaster NationMaster NationMaster at NationMaster NationMaster NationMaster NationMaster NationMaster NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster at NationMaster", "His height was listed as 5' 7.5\".", "The conservative side had neck, bicep, forearms, wrists, chest, chest expanded, waist, hips, thighs, and knees.", "Across the deltoids is the width of the ankle and shoulder.", "The above details were just one set of figures relating to Cyr's size, others being recorded by Willoughby when he was 47 years old.", "At the time a heavier 361 lbs., the chest and thighs were normal, with other parts to match the increase in weight.", "Ben Weider, who was privileged to access family archives, was even more generous giving arm size, forearms, and calves, the disputed, following a similar line to Jowett.", "Some of Cyr's feats of strength may have been overstated over the years, but they still remain impressive.", "He beat Eugen Sandow's bent when he lifted a rock from ground up to his shoulder at 19 years old.", "In 1895, it was reported that he lifted 18 men on a platform on his back in Boston.", "Montreal on 12 October 1891 was one of his most memorable displays of strength.", "Louis resisted the pull of four draught horses as grooms stood cracking their whips to get the horses to pull harder, a feat he again demonstrated in Ottawa with Queen Victoria's team of draught horses.", "He was turned away by the police when they took them to round up a group of criminals because he was too large.", "The regular officers took him on after he challenged them to a foot race.", "He was a police officer in Sainte-Cunégonde between 1884 and 1885.", "The Place des Hommes-Forts and the Parc Louis-Cyr are named after him.", "There are statues of him in Quebec City and Place des Hommes-Forts.", "The high school in his hometown is named after him.", "Many of Cyr's lifts have been overstated or misquoted through no fault of his own.", "His celebrated back lift done in Boston, of 18 men on a platform, is usually generously estimated at 4,300 lbs, which allows for a very heavy platform of at most 500 lbs, meaning that each man on average would have weighed over 200 lbs.", "A lift witnessed by Britain's great champion Tom Pevier was credited with side pressing with one arm.", "The dumbbell was lifted to the shoulders with two hands, before a single-handed overhead move.", "Many strongmen were unable to lift them off the floor because they were so unwieldy.", "When empty, one dumbbell of Cyr's weighed.", "The bell that had defeated the former strength athletes was exchanged for a new one by its owner.", "Joseph Moquin, police chief of Quebec, bent over and pressed the weight for a set of York weights.", "It ended up in the possession of the late Bob and Mike Dietz.", "According to Strength & Health magazine, Hoffman was able to bend it, as well as the much lighter 150 lbs.", "Sig Klein.", "The lead type from Mark Berrys' classic tome Physical Training Simplified was added to the weight when John Grimek pressed it half a dozen times.", "The book was never reprinted.", "Cyr was a big man with a big heart and was a great trencherman, eating more than four normal men.", "A genuine gourmand with up to 6 lbs of meat at one meal.", "His lightest weight was when he competed against August Johnson, which was just 270 lbs.", "Melina never weighed more than 100 lbs.", "In 1886, Pennell was 40, and Louis 23 when they were defeated by Cyr.", "He set a record in the back lift with 3,536 lbs/1, 604 lbs of pig iron.", "On 1 December 1891 at Sohmer Park in Montreal, before some 10,000 people, Cyr resisted the pull of four draught horses, two on each side, despite grooms cracking their whips to encourage the horses to pull harder and strain their haunches.", "At his London debut at the Royal Aquarium in January 1892, 5,000 people packed the theater to watch Cyr's act and witness his open challenge to the wide world of strongmen.", "On 19 January 1892, Cyr pressed the pre- mentioned 273.75 lbs.", "A dumbbell.", "Over 500 people tried and failed to lift the dumbbell that Doc Aumont lent to the Weider's Your Physique office in Montreal for a month.", "The famous Backlift was one of the feats that followed his first London show.", "Louis ducked beneath the platform, placed his back below the center, and raised both the contraption and the passengers from the trestles.", "The estimated weight was 3,635 lbs.", "He traveled throughout the UK and visited Scotland to raise and carry one of the Dinnie Stones.", "The Prince of Wales and Queen Victoria feted Cyr, which was very popular in Britain.", "After returning to the U.S.A., Cyr did his best back lift in Boston with over 4,000 lbs.", "A group of 18 men.", "During his most active period, circa 1896, he did a clean and jerk of 347 lbs, which was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465, without science or skill.", "Oscar Mathes said the lift was closer to a straight-legged press.", "The bar was 1.5 inches thick and made it harder for Cyr to do a one-handed deadlift.", "He had a crucifix in both of his hands on 7 and 8 May 1896.", "He is often credited with holding out with one arm.", "The next day he made it after doing a one finger lift with 552 lbs and dumbbell pressed for 36 reps.", "Lifted via one hand, style not specified, but most suspect using hand and thigh method.", "Again, using hand and thigh.", "For a long time, Louis thought of himself as a modern biblical slayer.", "In the folds of his long hair, he would tie three fifty pound weights, one on each side, and one in the center, with the weights dangling from his head.", "On his visit to Britain, the top of the pops was a song called \"Get Your Hair Cut\", and Louis must have taken the hint, as he always had short hair afterwards.", "The power of the arm and shoulder was demonstrated by his stunt of stacking four fifty pound weights one on top of the other on his half flexed arm, balancing them while walking across the room.", "A giant Cyr was wrestling for a match.", "douard Beaupré, who was known as a giant man, was wrestled by Louis Cyr in Montréal in 1901.", "His height was measured and he weighed.", "Beaupré's height was measured and he weighed.", "Cyr won.", "Cyr's health began to fail due to excessive eating.", "He weighed at the time.", "He slimmed down as much as he could for his last competition.", "He retired unvanquished and retained his title.", "On November 10, 1912, Cyr died of chronic nephritis in Montreal and was buried at St-Jean-De-Matha.", "Huge crowds attended the funeral and floral tributes came from all over the world.", "He was portrayed byAntoine Bertrand in a biographical film.", "One-handed snatch: One-handed press: Two-handed lift: References", "1976.", "The strongest man in history is a Canadian.", "L'homme le plus fort du monde is a translation of Louis Cyr.", "Mitchell Press is in the city.", "Nicolas Debon.", "2007.", "Louis Cyr is the strongest man in the world.", "Groundwood Books is in Toronto.", "There is a link to a vintage biography of 1863 on the Sandow Plus website." ]

[ "Louis Cyr", "Cyprien Noé Cyr", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis Cyr", "Louis Cyr", "Louis Cyr", "Louis Cyr", "Louis Cy" ]

[ "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis", "Louis Cyr", "CyrAntoine", "Louis Cyr" ]

[ "Edward George Glover (13 January 1888 – 16 August 1972) was a British psychoanalyst.", "He first studied medicine and surgery, and it was his elder brother, James Glover (1882–1926) who attracted him towards psychoanalysis.", "Both brothers were analysed in Berlin by Karl Abraham; indeed, the \"list of Karl Abraham's analysands reads like a roster of psychoanalytic eminence: the leading English analysts Edward and James Glover\" at the top.", "He then settled down in London where he became an influential member of the British Psycho-Analytical Society in 1921.", "He was also close to Ernest Jones.", "Amongst Edward Glover's most lasting achievements in the combined field of psychotherapy and criminology – aside from his clinical work and extensive publications – are his roles as: co-founder of the Psychopathic Clinic (renamed the Portman Clinic in 1937) and the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency, joint founder of The British Journal of Criminology – he was co-editor until his death – and co-founder of the British Society of Criminology.", "He was one-time chairman of the medical section of the British Psychological Society.", "He is publicly remembered in the annual Glover lecture, delivered under the auspices of the Portman Clinic.", "Early life\nGlover was the third son of a highly gifted country schoolmaster who was a professed Darwinian agnostic.", "He suffered family tragedies throughout his life.", "His second brother died at the age of 6 when Edward was 4, and James, his much-admired elder brother, died in his 30s.", "Later in life his first wife died in childbirth along with their child.", "From his second marriage he had a daughter who suffered from Down's Syndrome, whom Glover and his wife cared for at home for many years.", "Glover entered the medical school in Glasgow at the age of 16 and graduated at 21 with distinction.", "It is reported that as a student he was prominent in socialist politics and was involved in a revolutionary move to propose Keir Hardie as rector of the university.", "There followed several years of academic medicine, working first in Glasgow with the professor of medicine and paediatrics and then in pulmonary medicine in London.", "With the outbreak of the First World War he was appointed medical superintendent of a sanatorium for the treatment of early chest diseases in Birmingham.", "Early texts (1924–1939)\nBetween 1924 and 1939, Glover published his first book as well as some eighteen articles on psychoanalytic subjects ranging from \"Notes on Oral Character\" through \"The Screening Function of Traumatic Memories\" to \"A Note on Idealisation\".", "'Glover once [1931] wrote a very interesting paper in which he investigated the ways in which incomplete or inexact interpretations, and also other psychotherapeutic procedures, influence the patient's mind...[as] artificial substitute symptoms, which may make the spontaneous symptoms superfluous.", "Lacan would make use of Glover's findings to support his exploration of \"The function and field of speech and language in psychoanalysis\" on more than one occasion: 'Mr Edward Glover in a remarkable paper...[suggests] not only is every spoken intervention received by the subject in terms of his structure, but the intervention takes on a structuring function in him in proportion to its form'.", "Thus 'Glover...finds interpretation everywhere, being unable to stop it anywhere, even in the banality of a medical prescription'.", "Glover's \"Lectures on Technique in Psychoanalysis\"(1927–28) would seem to have offered a dry, neutral, asceptic classical psychoanalysis.", "Thus on the question of whether analysis should close with a \"cooling-off\" period, he followed the classical line 'that \"to the very end we continue the analytic process\", as the English analyst Edward Glover wrote in The Technique of Psychoanalysis, first published in 1928 and revised in 1955.", "Glover sternly continues, \"In the first session we laid down the association rule, and this remains in force to the last minute of the last session\".", "Similarly on the question of the early \"deep interpretation\" favoured for example by Melanie Klein, Glover argued: 'Once the analyst departs from sparing, provisional interpretations, he not only disturbs the listening situation but has made it difficult to re-establish it'.", "Psychoanalytic controversies\nGlover was a combative intellectual personality who took a principled stand on many of the variegated controversies of the first psychoanalytic half-century, promoting a 'pure Freudianism'.", "In the early 1920s, when Karl Abraham 'feared that Ferenczi and, far worse, Rank, were caught in an act of \"scientific regression\".", "English psychoanalysts, notably Ernest Jones and the brothers Edward and James Glover, wholly agreed with Abraham'.", "In the later 1920s, when Freud made something of a minority stand in support of Lay analysis, 'some of the British psychoanalysts, among them Edward Glover and John Rickman, saw no harm in nonmedical therapists conducting analysis, provided one kept therapy \"sharply divided from diagnosis: the latter must be left to medically qualified persons\"'.", "Glover worked with Jones in the British Medical Association in obtaining the so-called \"Psycho-Analytical Charter\" – 'Edward Glover and myself had for over three years fought at heavy odds against our twenty-five bitter opponents'.", "In the thirties, Glover found himself increasingly opposed to the innovations and influence of Melanie Klein, who found \"from 1934 onwards, a hostility within the British Psycho-Analytic Society\" led by \"Glover [who] was scientific secretary of the British Society\" – \"hostility which lasted for the best part of a decade until the 'vituperative opposition from Edward Glover and Melitta Schmideberg had vanished when Glover gave up his membership of the British Psycho-analytical Society the 24th January 1944, confirmed the next 1 February'\".", "At this point, Glover declared that 'The British Psycho-Analytical Society is no longer a Freudian society' and its 'deviation from psychoanalysis'; and the following year, the fundamental Kleinian position paper by Susan Sutherland Isaacs on \"Phantasy\" was publicly 'attacked by Glover (1945)', in the first volume of The Psychoanalytic Study of the child, where he described what he called \"the Klein System of Child Psychology\" as 'a bio-religious system which depends on faith rather than science...a variant of the doctrine of Original Sin'.", "In the following decade, Glover turned his fire from Klein to Jung: his book, Freud or Jung?", "(1956) is a partisan Freudian—though defensible—polemic'.", "In it he argued (incidentally) for the firm conceptual separation of art and psychopathology.", "'Glover put this view most trenchantly: \"Whatever its original unconscious aim, the work of art represents a forward urge of the libido seeking to maintain its hold on the world of objects...not the result of a pathological breakdown\".", "In the 1960s, Glover aroused the ire of Lacan by way of his attack on Franz Alexander's concept of the corrective emotional experience: 'When I read in the Psychoanalytic Quarterly an article like the one by Mr Edward Glover, entitled Freudian or Neo-Freudian, directed entirely against the constructions of Mr Alexander, I sense a sordid smell of stuffiness,...Alexander being counter-attacked in the name of obsolete criteria'.", "Publications\n War, Sadism and Pacifism: Three Essays, London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1933.", "War, Sadism and Pacifism.", "Further essays on group psychology and war, London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1947.", "Freud or Jung ?, Publisher: Meridian Books, NY, 1957 \n Psycho-Analysis, Publisher: Roberts Press, 2007,\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\n Paul Roazen : Oedipus in Britain: Edward Glover and the Struggle over Melanie Klein, Publisher: Other Press, 2001, \nFranz Alexander et al., Psychoanalytic Pioneers (1995)\nPearl King/Riccardo Steiner, The Freud-Klein Controversies (London 1992)\n\nExternal links\n Edward Glover\n\n1888 births\n1972 deaths\nBritish psychoanalysts\nTranslators of Sigmund Freud\nAnalysands of Karl Abraham" ]

[ "Edward George Glover was a British psychoanalyst.", "He was attracted to psychoanalysis by his older brother, James.", "The list of Karl Abraham's analysands reads like a roster of psychoanalytic eminence: the leading English analysts Edward and James Glover.", "In 1921, he became an influential member of the British Psycho-Analytical Society.", "He was close to Ernest Jones.", "The Institute for the Study and Treatment of Del is one of Edward's most lasting achievements in the combined field of criminology and psychotherapy.", "The medical section of the British Psychological Society was chaired by him.", "The annual Glover lecture is delivered by the Portman Clinic.", "The third son of a highly gifted country schoolmaster was a professed Darwinian.", "He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "James, Edward's elder brother, died in his 30s at the age of 6.", "His first wife died in childbirth along with their child.", "He had a daughter with Down's Syndrome who he and his wife cared for for many years.", "He graduated from the medical school in Glasgow at the age of 21.", "He was involved in a revolutionary move to propose Keir Hardie as rector of the university, as a student.", "After working in Glasgow with the professor of medicine and paediatrics, I went on to work in pulmonary medicine in London.", "With the outbreak of the First World War, he was appointed medical superintendent of a sanatorium for the treatment of chest diseases.", "Between 1924 and 1939 he published his first book, \"Notes on Oral Character\", as well as eighteen articles on topics such as \"The Screening Function of Traumatic Memories\" and \"A Note on Idealisation\".", "In 1931,lover wrote a paper in which he investigated the ways in which incomplete or inexact interpretations, and also other psychotherapeutic procedures, influence the patient's mind.", "Lacan would use the findings of Mr Edward Glover to support his exploration of \"The function and field of speech and language in psychoanalysis\" on more than one occasion.", "Even in the banality of a medical prescription, Glover finds interpretation everywhere.", "The \"Lectures on Technique in Psychoanalysis\" would seem to have been neutral in nature.", "He followed the classical line that \"to the very end we continue the analytic process\" on the question of whether analysis should end with a cooling-off period.", "The association rule was laid down in the first session and is still in force at the last minute.", "On the question of the early \"deep interpretation\" favored by Melanie Klein, Glover argued that once the analyst departs from sparing, provisional interpretations, he not only disturbs the listening situation but has made it difficult to re-establish it.", "Psychoanalytic controversies was a combative intellectual personality who took a principled stand on many of the variegated controversies of the first half-century.", "Karl Abraham feared that Ferenczi and Rank were caught in an act of \"scientific regression\" in the early 1920s.", "Ernest Jones and his brothers Edward and James agreed with Abraham'.", "In the later 1920s, when Freud made something of a minority stand in support of Lay analysis, some of the British psychoanalysts, among them Edward Glover and John Rickman, saw no harm in non medical therapists conducting analysis.", "The British Medical Association obtained the so-called \"Psycho-Analytical Charter\", which was worked on by Glover and Jones.", "From 1934 onwards, a hostility within the British Psycho-Analytic Society led by \"Glover who was scientific secretary of the British Society\" began.", "The British Psycho-Analytical Society was declared to be no longer a Freudian society and its Kleinian position paper was attacked by the public.", "In the next decade, he turned his fire from Klein to Jung: his book, Freud or Jung?", "(1956) is a Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian Freudian", "He argued for the separation of art and psychopathology.", "The work of art represents a forward urge of the libido seeking to maintain its hold on the world of objects, not the result of a pathological breakdown.", "When I read in the Psychoanalytic Quarterly an article like the one by Mr Edward Glover, entitled Freudian or Neo-Freudian, I was enraged by his attack on the concept of the corrective emotional experience.", "War, Sadism and Pacifism: Three Essays was published in London in 1933.", "War, Sadism and Pacifism are related.", "Essays on group psychology and war were written by G. Allen and Unwin.", "Freud or Jung?, publisher: Meridian Books, NY, 1957 Psycho-Analysis, publisher: Roberts Press, 2007, References" ]

[ "Edward George Glover", "James Glover", "Edward", "James Glover", "Edward Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Edward", "Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Edward Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Edward Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Edward", "James Glover", "Edward Glover", "Glover", "Edward Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Edward Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Edward Glover", "Edward Glover", "Edward Glover" ]

[ "Edward George Glover", "Edward", "James Glover", "Edward", "Glover", "Edward", "Edward Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Edward", "Edward Glover", "Glover", "Glover", "Edward Glover" ]

[ "Imogene Coca (born Emogeane Coca; November 18, 1908 – June 2, 2001) was an American comic actress best known for her role opposite Sid Caesar on Your Show of Shows.", "Starting out in vaudeville as a child acrobat, she studied ballet and wished to have a serious career in music and dance, graduating to decades of stage musical revues, cabaret and summer stock.", "In her 40s, she began a celebrated career as a comedian on television, starring in six series and guest starring on successful television programs from the 1940s to the 1990s.", "She was nominated for five Emmy Awards for Your Show of Shows, winning Best Actress in 1951 and singled out for a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting in 1953.", "Coca was also nominated for a Tony Award in 1978 for On the Twentieth Century and received a sixth Emmy nomination at the age of 80 for an episode of Moonlighting.", "She possessed a rubbery face capable of the broadest expressions — Life magazine compared her to Beatrice Lillie and Charlie Chaplin and described her characterizations as taking \"people or situations suspended in their own precarious balance between dignity and absurdity, and push(ing) them over the cliff with one single, pointed gesture\".", "The magazine noted a \"particularly high-brow critic\" as observing, \"The trouble with most comedians who try to do satire is that they are essentially brash, noisy and indelicate people who have to use a sledge hammer to smash a butterfly.", "Miss Coca, on the other hand, is the timid woman who, when aroused, can beat a tiger to death with a feather.\"", "Aside from vaudeville, cabaret, film, theater and television, she voiced children's cartoons and was even featured in the 1984 MTV music video \"Bag Lady\" by the band EBN-OZN, ultimately working well into her 80s.", "In a 1999 interview, Robert Ozn said during the shoot she was required to sit on the sidewalk in snow for hours during a blizzard with 15 degree (F) temperatures.", "\"While the rest of us 20-somethings were moaning about the weather, warming ourselves by a heater, this little 75-year-old lady never once complained - put us all to shame.", "She was the most professional artist I've ever worked with.\"", "Early life\nBorn Emogeane Coca in Philadelphia, Coca was the daughter of Joseph Fernandez Coca, a violinist and vaudeville orchestra conductor and Sadie Brady, a dancer and magician's assistant.", "Coca's father was of Spanish descent (the family surname was originally Fernández y Coca), the son of Joseph F. Coca, Sr. and his wife, Laura.", "Coca took lessons in piano, dance and voice as a child and while still a teenager moved from Philadelphia to New York City to become a dancer.", "She got her first job in the chorus of the Broadway musical When You Smile and became a headliner in Manhattan nightclubs with music arranged by her first husband, Robert Burton.", "She gained prominence when she began to combine music with comedy; her first critical success was in New Faces of 1934.", "A well-received part of her act was a comic striptease, during which Coca made sultry faces and gestures but would manage to remove only one glove.", "She committed this routine to film in the Educational Pictures comedy short The Bashful Ballerina (1937) and co-starred opposite another newcomer to films, Danny Kaye, in Educational's 1937 short Dime a Dance.", "Both of these comedies were filmed in New York.", "Career\nShe played opposite Sid Caesar on The Admiral Broadway Revue (January to June 1949), and then in the sketch comedy program Your Show of Shows, which was immensely popular from 1950 to 1954, winning the Emmy for Outstanding Variety Series in 1952 and 1953.", "The 90-minute show was aired live on NBC every Saturday night in prime time.", "She won the second-ever Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1951 and was nominated for four other Emmys for her work in the show.", "She won a 1953 Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting.", "Her success in that program earned her her own series, The Imogene Coca Show, which ran 1954-55.", "Prior to working with Caesar she had starred in an early ABC series, Buzzy Wuzzy, which lasted four episodes in 1948.", "She went on to star in two more series.", "In the 1963–64 TV season, Coca portrayed a comic temporary helper in the NBC sitcom Grindl.", "It competed with the second half of The Ed Sullivan Show and lasted only one season.", "Coca later starred as a cave woman with Joe E. Ross in the 1966–67 time-travel satire sitcom It's About Time.", "She continued to appear on comedy and variety series throughout the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s including several appearances each on The Carol Burnett Show, The George Gobel Show, The Hollywood Palace and Ed Sullivan's Toast of the Town and Bob Hope specials.", "She appeared on other shows and specials by Dean Martin, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Lewis, Dick Clark, Danny Kaye and Andy Williams.", "The Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner and Howard Morris Special won a 1967 Emmy for Outstanding Variety Special.", "She made memorable guest appearances on sitcoms including two appearances on Bewitched, The Brady Bunch and Mama's Family.", "She appeared with Milton Berle and Your Show of Shows co-star Howard Morris in \"Curtain Call\", a 1983 episode of Fantasy Island.", "Coca appeared in a number of literary adaptations for children.", "In 1960 she was Miss Clavel in Sol Saks' adaptation of Ludwig Bemelmans' Madeline for Shirley Temple's Storybook.", "In 1972, she voiced the character of Princess Jane Klockenlocher in The Enchanted World of Danny Kaye, a Rankin/Bass version of Hans Christian Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes.", "In 1978, she appeared in A Special Sesame Street Christmas.", "In 1985, she played The Cook in Alice in Wonderland, an all-star TV miniseries adaptation of the book by Lewis Carroll.", "Among her final roles was voicing characters in Garfield and Friends.", "In 1988, Coca appeared as the mother of Allyce Beasley's Agnes in the Moonlighting episode \"Los Dos Dipestos\", written by David Steinberg.", "She received her sixth Emmy nomination, as Outstanding Guest Performer in a Drama Series, for the role.", "The same year she was the female recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award in Comedy at the second annual American Comedy Awards, alongside male recipient George Burns.", "Coca appeared only sporadically in films such as The Incredible Incident at Independence Square, filmed in her hometown of Philadelphia, as well as Under the Yum Yum Tree (1963), Nothing Lasts Forever, Papa Was a Preacher, Buy & Cell and National Lampoon's Vacation (1983), as \"Aunt Edna\".", "After having appeared in several Broadway musical-comedy revues and plays between the 1930s and the 1950s, Coca returned to Broadway at the age of 70 with a Tony Award-nominated performance as religious zealot Letitia Primrose in On the Twentieth Century, a 1978 stage musical adapted from the film Twentieth Century (1934).", "Her role, that of a religious fanatic who plasters decals onto every available surface, had been a male in both the film and the original stage production, and was rewritten specifically as a vehicle for Coca.", "She appeared in the Broadway run with Kevin Kline and Madeline Kahn, continued with the national tour starring Rock Hudson and Judy Kaye and returned for a later tour revival in the mid-1980s with Kaye and Frank Gorshin.", "She also co-starred with singer Maxine Sullivan in My Old Friends and touring productions including musicals such as Once Upon a Mattress and Bells Are Ringing and plays such as The Prisoner of Second Avenue and Luv.", "She rejoined Sid Caesar in 1961–62, 1977 and 1990–91 for a traveling stage revue and made an appearance with Caesar and Howard Morris at Comic Relief VI in 1994.", "One of Coca's early stock characters on the Caesar series blended comedy with socially conscious pathos as a bag lady and she was frequently asked to reprise the role, including by Carol Burnett for her 60s series and by Red Skelton as love interest to one of his own familiar characters in the 1981 TV special Freddie the Freeloader's Christmas Dinner.", "New wave group Ēbn-Ōzn featured Coca as the title character in the music video to their song \"Bag Lady (I Wonder)\", which was a top-40 dance hit in 1984.", "Personal life and legacy\n\nCoca had no children, but was married twice: for 20 years to Bob Burton, from 1935 until his death in 1955, and later for 27 years to King Donovan, from 1960 until his death in 1987.", "Burton's death came only one month after her mother had died.", "Coca was a practicing Roman Catholic.", "Coca was a Democrat who supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential election.", "Hours after Coca and Donovan completed their New Year's Eve 1972 performance of \"Fourposter\" at the Showboat Dinner Theater in St. Petersburg, Florida, they were involved in a serious auto accident.", "They had been driving in foggy weather to their home in Clearwater, Florida, when Donovan collided with another car driven by 19-year-old Cheryl Lynn Rice.", "Rice was unharmed, but Donovan sustained a slight leg injury, and the rear-view mirror entered Coca's right eye, smashing her cheekbone.", "Transported to the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Coca underwent plastic surgery and a cosmetic lens covered her now-blind eye for the rest of her career, which resumed with her long stint in Broadway's On the Twentieth Century beginning in 1978.", "Performers citing Coca as an influence include Carol Burnett, Lily Tomlin, Whoopi Goldberg and Tracey Ullman.", "Your Show of Shows is considered a television classic and was the basis for a well-received 1982 film, My Favorite Year.", "A 1992 musical version of the film made its way to Broadway, in which comedic actress Andrea Martin won a Tony Award for her portrayal of Alice Miller.", "In 1995, Coca was honored with the second annual Women in Film Lucy Award, honoring women's achievement in television and named after Lucille Ball.", "Death\nOn June 2, 2001, Coca died at her home in Westport, Connecticut, aged 92, from natural causes incidental to Alzheimer's disease.", "She was cremated and her ashes scattered.", "Filmography\n\nTelevision\n Buzzy Wuzzy (1948; cancelled after 4 weeks)\n The Admiral Broadway Revue (1949–1950)\n Your Show of Shows (139 episodes 1950–1954)\n The Imogene Coca Show (1954–1955)\n Playhouse 90 (\"Made in Heaven\" 1956)\n General Electric Theater (\"Cab Driver\" 1957)\n Sid Caesar Invites You (1958, U.S.)\n Sid Caesar Invites You (1958, UK [BBC])\n The George Gobel Show (4 episodes 1959–1960)\n Shirley Temple's Storybook: Madeline (1960)\n Grindl (32 episodes 1963–1964)\n It's About Time (18 episodes 1966–1967)\n The Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner, Howard Morris Special (1967)\n The Carol Burnett Show (4 episodes 1967–1969)\n Love, American Style (2 episodes 1970, 1972)\n Bewitched (2 episodes 1971)\nRod Serling's Night Gallery (The Merciful)- with husband, King Donovan.", "The Enchanted World of Danny Kaye: The Emperor's New Clothes (1972)\n The Brady Bunch (1972)\n The Incredible Incident at Independence Square\n Trapper John, M.D.", "(\"Quarantine\" 1980)\n Freddie the Freeloader's Christmas Dinner (1981)\n Return of the Beverly Hillbillies (1981)\n Fantasy Island (\"Curtain Call\" 1983)\n Mama's Family (\"Aunt Gert Rides Again\" 1983)\n One Life to Live (cast member from 1983–1984)\n As the World Turns (cast member in 1983)\n Alice in Wonderland (1985)\n Moonlighting (\"Los Dos Dipestos\" 1988)\n Monsters (\"The Face\" 1989)\n Garfield and Friends (Voice, 14 episodes 1994)\n Comic Relief VI (1994)\n\nFilm\n Bashful Ballerina (1937)\n Dime a Dance (1937)\n They Meet Again (1941)\n Promises!", "Promises!" ]

[ "The American comic actress best known for her role opposite Sid Caesar on Your Show of Shows was named Emogeane Coca.", "She graduated to decades of stage musicals, cabarets and summer stock after studying ballet and becoming a child acrobat.", "She began a celebrated career as a comedian on television in her 40s, starring in six series and guest starring on successful television programs from the 1940s to the 1990s.", "She won Best Actress in 1951 for Your Show of Shows and was nominated for five Emmy Awards.", "Coca was nominated for a Tony Award in 1978 for On the Twentieth Century and received a sixth nomination at the age of 80.", "She had a rubbery face that was capable of the broadest expressions and was described by Life magazine as taking people or situations suspended in their own precarious balance between dignity and absurdity and pushing them over the cliff with one single.", "The magazine noted a \"particularly high-brow critic\" as saying, \"The trouble with most comedians who try to do satire is that they are essentially loud and indelicate people who have to use a sledge hammer to smash a butterfly.\"", "The timid woman who can beat a tiger to death with a feather is called Miss Coca.", "She voiced children's cartoons and was a part of the 1984 MTV music video \"Bag Lady\", and worked well into her 80s.", "Robert Ozn said in a 1999 interview that she was required to sit on the sidewalk in the snow for hours during a snowstorm.", "While the rest of us were moaning about the weather, this little 75-year-old lady never once complained - put us all to shame.", "She was the most professional artist I've ever worked with.", "Coca was the daughter of a violinist and conductor and a dancer and magician's assistant.", "Coca's father was the son of Joseph F. Coca, Jr. and his wife, Laura.", "While still a teenager, Coca moved from Philadelphia to New York City to become a dancer and DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch", "She got her first job in the chorus of a Broadway musical and became a star in Manhattan nightclubs with the help of her first husband.", "Her first critical success was in New Faces of 1934, when she began to combine music and comedy.", "Coca did a comic striptease in which she made sexy faces and gestures but only removed one glove.", "She co-stars with Danny Kaye in Educational's 1937 short \"Dime a Dance\" and in the Educational Pictures comedy short \"The Bashful Ballerina\" in 1937.", "The comedies were filmed in New York.", "She played opposite Sid Caesar on The Admiral Broadway Revue in January to June 1949, and then in the sketch comedy program Your Show of Shows from 1950 to 1954.", "Every Saturday night on NBC, the 90-minute show was live.", "She won the second-ever Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1951 for her work in the show.", "She won an award for excellence in broadcasting.", "Her own series, The Imogene Coca Show, was created after her success in that program.", "She starred in an early ABC series, Buzzy Wuzzy, which ran for four episodes in 1948.", "She starred in two more series.", "Coca was a comic sidekick in the NBC sitcom Grindl.", "It only lasted one season and competed with the second half of The Ed Sullivan Show.", "Coca played a cave woman in It's About Time.", "She appeared on variety series throughout the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, including appearances on The George Gobel Show, The Hollywood Palace and Ed Sullivan's Toast of the Town.", "She appeared on shows by Dean Martin, Jerry Lewis, Dick Clark, Danny Kaye and Andy Williams.", "The award for Outstanding Variety Special was won by The Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner and Howard Morris Special.", "She made two appearances on The Brady Bunch and Bewitched.", "\"Curtain Call\" was a 1983 episode of Fantasy Island and she was a part of it.", "Coca appeared in a number of children's books.", "Miss Clavel was in the 1959 adaptation of Ludwig Bemelmans' Madeline for Shirley Temple's Storybook.", "In 1972, she voiced the character of Princess Jane Klockenlocher in a version of Hans Christian Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes.", "A Special Sesame Street Christmas was filmed in 1978.", "She played The Cook in an all-star TV adaptation of the book.", "She voiced characters in Garfield and Friends.", "Coca appeared in a 1988 episode of the show \"Los Dos Dipestos\".", "She was nominated for Outstanding Guest Performer in a Drama Series.", "She was the female recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award in Comedy at the second annual American Comedy Awards.", "Coca appeared in a few films, including The Incredible Incident at Independence Square, which was filmed in her hometown of Philadelphia.", "Coca returned to Broadway at the age of 70 with a Tony Award-nominated performance in On the Twentieth Century, a 1978 stage musical adapted from the film Twentieth.", "Her role as a religious fanatic who plasters decals onto every available surface had been a male in both the film and the original stage production, and was rewritten specifically as a vehicle for Coca.", "She reprised her role in a tour revival of the show in the 1980's with Rock Hudson and Judy Kaye.", "My Old Friends, Bells Are Ringing, and The Prisoner of Second Avenue are just a few of the musicals she has starred in.", "She appeared with Sid Caesar and Howard Morris at Comic Relief VI in 1994.", "One of Coca's early stock characters on the Caesar series blended comedy with socially conscious pathos as a bag lady and she was frequently asked to reprise the role, including by Carol Burnett for her 60s series and by Red Skelton as love interest to one of his own familiar characters in the 1981", "Coca was the title character in the music video for bn-zn's song \"Bag Lady (I Wonder)\", which was a top-40 dance hit in 1984.", "Coca had no children, but was married twice, the first to Bob Burton from 1935 until his death in 1955, and the second to King Donovan from 1960 until his death in 1987.", "One month after her mother died, Burton died.", "Coca was a Roman Catholic.", "Coca supported Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential election.", "They were involved in a serious auto accident hours after their New Year's Eve performance at the Showboat Dinner Theater.", "They were driving in foggy weather to their home in Clearwater, Florida, when they collided with another car.", "Coca's cheekbone was smashed when the rear-view mirror entered her eye.", "Coca was taken to the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, where she underwent plastic surgery and had a lens put in her blind eye for the rest of her career.", "Some performers cite Coca as an influence.", "The basis for the 1982 film, My Favorite Year, is a television classic called Your Show of Shows.", "The musical version of the film was nominated for a Tony Award and won by the actress who played Alice Miller.", "The second annual Women in Film Lucy Award was given to Coca in 1995.", "Coca died on June 2, 2001, at her home in Connecticut at the age of 92.", "Her ashes were scattered.", "The Admiral Broadway Revue was canceled after 4 weeks.", "Danny Kaye: The Emperor's New Clothes is a film about Danny Kaye.", "Freddie the Freeloader's Christmas Dinner, Return of the Beverly Hillbillies, Fantasy Island, and One Life to Live were all cast members.", "Promises!" ]

[ "Imogene Coca", "Emogeane Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", ". Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Imogene", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Imogene", "Coca" ]

[ "Emogeane Coca", "Coca", "Miss Coca", "Coca", "Coca", ". Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Imogene", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca", "Coca" ]

[ "Jeanne E. Arnold, Ph.D., is an archaeologist who teaches in the anthropology department at the University of California, Los Angeles.", "Her fields of research cover many topics, but she specializes in the prehistoric and early contact era of the Pacific Coast of North America, in California and British Columbia.", "Her work in these areas has been directed to resolving the economies and political evolutionary trajectories of complex hunter-gatherer groups.", "Background \n\nArnold was born in northern Ohio and had an early start on her decision to pursue a career in archaeology and anthropology when she attended a National Science Foundation field school in western Pennsylvania during high school.", "Her B.A.", "in anthropology came from the University of Michigan in 1976.", "From there she attended graduate school at the University of California, Santa Barbara to receive her M.A.", "in 1979 and Ph.D. in 1983.", "In the 1970s, she assisted on a University of Michigan project in the Netherlands investigating Neolithic and Mesolithic cultures and served as a field co-director in Michigan surveying the Raisin River region, but once attending graduate school in California, her work turned to the Pacific Coast.", "In 1980, she began her research in the Channel Islands of California, followed in the late 1980s and 1990s by several major National Science Foundation projects under her direction, analyzing the development of complex hunter-gatherer-fisher groups.", "Her excavations and research on the Chumash people of the Channel Islands have been continuous since then.", "Most recently, the Channel Islands Household Archaeology Project aims to understand household and community organization of maritime complex hunter-gatherers located along the Pacific Coast.", "Arnold has worked with students and colleagues to better understand these complex groups and their political economies.", "Many articles also detail maritime resources, the origins of ocean-going canoes, and their relation to emerging sociopolitical complexity.", "Arnold's work on the Fraser River Valley Project in British Columbia (2002–2006) has explored late pre- and post-contact village sites along one of the world's richest salmon rivers and enhanced knowledge about local Sto:lo First Nations culture.", "Since 2001, Arnold has been a member of the UCLA Center on Everyday Lives of Families, directed by Elinor Ochs, participating in a long-term, systematic study of modern-day middle-class families and their built spaces in the Los Angeles area.", "Arnold designed the ethnoarchaeology part of the research.", "Using “systematic recording of each family member’s uses of home spaces at closely timed intervals, a digital archive of photographs of each home’s indoor and outdoor spaces, detailed floor plans of homes and yards, and self-narrated video home tours by parents and older children explaining their perceptions of their homes,” an analysis of modern American homes and their changes emerges.", "Employment history \n\nArnold has been professor of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles, since 1988 and was Vice Chair from 2001–2007 and Associate Director of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA for 11 years.", "She has been principal investigator for several excavation projects funded by the National Science Foundation on the Channel Islands.", "Also, she has directed many archaeological field schools in California.", "She has served as a Research Associate in Anthropology at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History since 1989.", "Awards and honors \n\nIn 2003, Arnold was commended by the U.S. Department of the Interior for her 14 years of serving on the Society for American Archaeology National Historic Landmarks Committee\n\nKey excavations \n\nExcavations in the California Channel Islands have included extended fieldwork on Santa Cruz Island, CA, from 1980 through the present and direction of UCLA archaeological field classes from 1990-1998.", "She has also co-directed, along with colleagues from Simon Fraser University, University of British Columbia, and Sto:lo Nation, excavations in the Fraser River Valley in British Columbia, beginning in 2002.", "Research emphases \n\nArnold's research emphasizes the complex hunter-gatherer-fisher societies on the Pacific Coast of North America.", "She has examined the households and complex organization of the Chumash Indians as well as the Sto:lo people in British Columbia.", "Her findings highlight the importance of securing control over the labor of unrelated members of society by aspiring leaders in the emergence of these societies, using the Channel Islands data as a case study.", "Arnold's model suggests that emerging complex societies reorganize fundamental labor relations, often in the context of stressful social and/or ecological conditions.", "The research included analyzing the importance of various marine food resources and significant paleoclimatic shifts to these societies.", "Arnold has been working on the Channel Islands since 1980, most recently on well-preserved house remains and large-scale, specialized craft production industries of central importance to the Island Chumash such as shell-bead manufacturing.", "She has emphasized the daily lives of politically complex hunter-gatherer societies on the Pacific Coast and how technologies such as sophisticated boats and the reorganization of key production and trade systems led to their increasing complexity.", "Selected books and monographs \n\n2001.", "Arnold, J.E.", "(Editor).", "The Origins of a Pacific Coast Chiefdom: The Chumash of the Channel Islands.", "University of Utah Press.", "1996.", "Arnold, J.E.", "(Editor).", "Emergent Complexity: The Evolution of Intermediate Societies.", "International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor.", "2004.", "Arnold, J.E.", "(Editor).", "Foundations of Chumash Complexity.", "Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, Los Angeles.", "1987.", "Arnold, J.E.", "Craft Specialization in the Prehistoric Channel Islands, California.", "University of California Press, Berkeley.", "Selected papers \n\n1992 Complex Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of Prehistoric California: Chiefs, Specialists, and Maritime Adaptations of the Channel Islands.", "American Antiquity, 57:60-84.", "1993 Labor and the Rise of Complex Hunter-Gatherers.", "Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 12:75-119.", "1995 Transportation Innovation and Social Complexity among Maritime Hunter-Gatherer Societies.", "American Anthropologist 97:733-747.", "1995 Social Inequality, Marginalization, and Economic Process.", "In Foundations of Social Inequality, T.D.", "Price and G.M.", "Feinman (eds.", "), pp.", "87–103.", "Plenum, New York.", "1996 The Archaeology of Complex Hunter-Gatherers.", "Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 3:77-126.", "2000 Revisiting Power, Labor Rights, and Kinship: Archaeology and Social Theory.", "In Social Theory in Archaeology.", "M.B.", "Schiffer ed.", "University of Utah Press.", "2000 The Origins of Hierarchy and the Nature of Hierarchical Structures in Prehistoric California.", "In Hierarchies in Action: Cui Bono?", "(M.W.", "Diehl, ed.", "), pp.", "221–240.", "Center for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper 27, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.", "2004 (w/ M. Walsh and S. Hollimon) The Archaeology of California.", "Journal of Archaeological Research 12:1-73\n2004 A Transcontinental Perspective on the Evolution of Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways on the Plateau: Discussion and Reflection.", "In Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Evolution and Organization of Prehistoric Communities on the Plateau of Northwestern North America (W. Prentiss and I. Kuijt, eds.", "), pp.", "171–181.", "University of Utah Press.", "2005 (w/ J. Bernard) Negotiating the Coasts: Status and the Evolution of Boat Technology in California.", "World Archaeology 37:109-131.", "2006 Households on the Pacific Coast: The Northwest Coast and California in Comparative Perspective.", "In Household Archaeology on the Northwest Coast (E. A. Sobel, D. A. Trieu Gahr, and K. M. Ames, eds.", "), pp.", "270–285.", "International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor.", "2007 Credit Where Credit is Due: The History of the Chumash Oceangoing Plank Canoe.", "American Antiquity 72:196-209.", "Notes\n\nExternal links \nFaculty Info Page\nCenter on Everyday Lives of Families homepage\nCalifornia Channel Islands Laboratory\nFraser River Valley Project\n\nAmerican archaeologists\nLiving people\nUniversity of California, Los Angeles faculty\nUniversity of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni\nUniversity of California, Santa Barbara alumni\nAmerican women archaeologists\nYear of birth missing (living people)\n21st-century American women" ]

[ "The anthropology department at the University of California, Los Angeles has a professor named Jeanne E. Arnold.", "She specializes in the prehistoric and early contact era of the Pacific Coast of North America, in California and British Columbia.", "The economies and political evolutionary trajectory of complex hunter-gatherer groups have been resolved by her work in these areas.", "Arnold attended a National Science Foundation field school in western Pennsylvania when she was in high school to pursue a career in archaeology and anthropology.", "Her degree was her B.A.", "In 1976, anthropology came from the University of Michigan.", "She received her M.A. from the University of California, Santa Barbara.", "In 1979 and 1983.", "In the 1970s, she assisted on a University of Michigan project in the Netherlands investigating Neolithic and Mesolithic cultures and served as a field co-director in Michigan surveying the Raisin River region, but once attending graduate school in California, her work turned to the Pacific Coast.", "In 1980, she began her research in the Channel Islands of California, followed in the late 1980s and 1990s by several major National Science Foundation projects.", "Since then, her research on the Chumash people of the Channel Islands has continued.", "The Channel Islands Household Archaeology Project aims to understand household and community organization of maritime complex hunter-gatherers located along the Pacific Coast.", "Arnold has worked with students and colleagues to better understand these groups.", "Many articles detail maritime resources, the origins of ocean-going canoes, and their relation to emerging sociopolitical complexity.", "Arnold's work on the Fraser River Valley Project in British Columbia has explored late pre- and post-contact village sites along one of the world's richest salmon rivers.", "Arnold has been a member of the UCLA Center on Everyday Lives of Families since 2001, participating in a long-term study of modern-day middle-class families and their built spaces in the Los Angeles area.", "The ethnoarchaeology part of the research was designed by Arnold.", "There is a systematic recording of each family member's uses of home spaces at closely timed intervals, a digital archive of photographs of each home's indoor and outdoor spaces, detailed floor plans of homes and yards, and self-narrated video home tours by parents and older children explaining their", "Arnold has been a professor of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles since 1988 and was Vice Chair from 2001 to 2007 and Associate Director of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA for 11 years.", "She was the principal investigator for several excavation projects funded by the National Science Foundation.", "She has directed archaeological field schools.", "She is a Research Associate in Anthropology at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.", "Arnold received an award from the U.S. Department of the Interior in 2003 for her 14 years of service on the Society for American Archaeology National Historic Landmarks Committee.", "She has been involved in excavations in the Fraser River Valley in British Columbia since 2002.", "Arnold's research emphasizes the hunter-gatherer-fisher societies on the Pacific Coast of North America.", "She looked at the households and organization of the Chumash Indians in British Columbia.", "Using the Channel Islands data as a case study, her findings show the importance of securing control over the labor of unrelated members of society by aspiring leaders in the emergence of these societies.", "Arnold's model suggests that emerging societies reorganize labor relations in the context of social and ecological conditions.", "The importance of various marine food resources and paleoclimatic shifts to these societies were analyzed in the research.", "Arnold has been working on the Channel Islands since 1980, most recently on well-preserved house remains and large-scale, specialized craft production industries of central importance to the Island Chumash.", "She has shown how complex hunter-gatherer societies on the Pacific Coast DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch", "The books were selected in 2001.", "J.E. Arnold.", "The editor.", "The Chumash of the Channel Islands are the origin of a Pacific Coast Chiefdom.", "The University of Utah Press.", "1996.", "J.E. Arnold.", "The editor.", "Emergent Complexity is about the evolution of intermediate societies.", "The International Monographs in Prehistory are located in Ann arbor.", "2004.", "J.E. Arnold.", "The editor.", "There are foundations of Chumash complexity.", "The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology is in Los Angeles.", "1987.", "J.E. Arnold.", "The Channel Islands are in California.", "The University of California Press is in Berkeley.", "The papers were about the Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of Prehistoric California: Chiefs, Specialists, and Maritime Adaptations of the Channel Islands.", "American antiquity, 57:60-87.", "Labor and the Rise of Complex Hunter-Gatherers.", "The Journal of Anthropological Archaeology is a journal.", "There was transportation innovation and social complexity in 1995.", "The American Anthropologist is 97.", "Social Inequality, Marginalization, and Economic Process took place in 1995.", "T.D. wrote about foundations of social inequality.", "Price and G.M.", "Feinman's books.", "pp.", "87–103.", "New York.", "The Archaeology of Complex Hunter-Gatherers was published in 1996.", "There is a Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory.", "Power, Labor Rights, and Kinship: Archaeology and Social Theory was published in 2000.", "Social Theory in Archaeology.", "M.B.", "The ed. was written by Schiffer.", "The University of Utah Press.", "Hierarchy and the nature of Hierarchical structures in Prehistoric California were discussed in 2000.", "In hierarchies in action: Cui Bono?", "M.W. is a person.", "The ed. was written by Diehl.", "pp.", "221–240", "The paper is from the Center for Archaeological Investigations.", "The Archaeology of California was written by M. Walsh and S. Hollimon.", "A Transcontinental Perspective on the Evolution of Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways was published in 2004.", "In Complex Hunter-Gatherers, W. Prentiss and I. Kuijt discuss the evolution and organization of prehistoric communities.", "pp.", "169–171.", "The University of Utah Press.", "Negotiating the Coasts: Status and the Evolution of Boat Technology in California was published in 2005.", "The World Archaeology took place in the late 70's and early 80's.", "Households on the Pacific Coast are compared.", "In Household Archaeology on the Northwest Coast was written by E. A. Sobel, D. A. Trieu Gahr, and K. M. Ames.", "pp.", "270–289.", "The International Monographs in Prehistory are located in Ann arbor.", "The History of the Chumash Oceangoing Plank Canoe is a credit where credit is due.", "American Antiquity is a book.", "University of California, Los Angeles faculty University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni University of California, Santa Barbara alumni American women archaeologists Year of birth missing" ]

[ "Jeanne E", ". Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold" ]

[ "Jeanne E", ". Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", "Arnold", ". Arnold", ". Arnold", ". Arnold", ". Arnold" ]

[ "Jørgen Christian Jensen, (15 January 1891 – 31 May 1922) was a Danish-born Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in battle that could be awarded to a member of the Australian armed forces.", "Jensen emigrated to Australia in 1909, becoming a British subject at Adelaide, South Australia, in 1914.", "A sailor and labourer before World War I, he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in March 1915, serving with the 10th Battalion during the latter stages of the Gallipoli campaign.", "After the Australian force withdrew to Egypt, Jensen was transferred to the newly formed 50th Battalion, and sailed for France with the unit in June 1916.", "On the Western Front, he was wounded during the battalion's first serious action, the Battle of Mouquet Farm in August, and only returned to his unit in late January 1917.", "On 2 April, his battalion attacked the Hindenburg Outpost Line at Noreuil, where his actions leading to the capture of over fifty German soldiers resulted in the award of the Victoria Cross.", "In June 1917, the 50th Battalion was involved in the Battle of Messines; the following month, Jensen, now a corporal, was posted to a training unit in the United Kingdom.", "He returned to his battalion in October, and was promoted to temporary sergeant in November.", "In March 1918, the German spring offensive was launched, and Jensen fought with his battalion at Dernancourt and Villers-Bretonneux.", "Shortly after the fighting at Villers-Bretonneux, Jensen was on patrol when he received a severe head wound, and was evacuated to the United Kingdom, then repatriated to Australia, where he was discharged in Adelaide at the end of the war.", "He worked as a marine store dealer and married in 1921, but died the following year, having never fully recovered from his war wounds.", "Early life\nJørgen Christian Jensen was born on 15 January 1891 in Løgstør, Denmark, the son of Jørgen Christian Jensen and Christiane Sørensen, who was apparently also known as Jensen.", "Sørensen was a single mother who worked in agriculture.", "The younger Jensen's early life was difficult, but he was a good student, and entered the fishing industry.", "In 1908, aged 17, he travelled to the United Kingdom before emigrating to Australia.", "He sailed to Melbourne in March 1909, then moved to Morgan, South Australia, and later Port Pirie, working respectively as a sailor on river steamers on the Murray River, and as a labourer.", "He was naturalised as a British subject in Adelaide on 7 September 1914.", "World War I\nOn 23 March 1915, Jensen enlisted as a private in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) for service in World War I; he was allotted to the 6th reinforcements to the 10th Battalion.", "His reinforcement draft embarked on HMAT Borda at Outer Harbor on 23 June, and joined the battalion at Gallipoli, Turkey, on 4 August.", "By the time Jensen arrived, nearly half of the battalion had been evacuated sick with dysentery.", "For the remainder of the Gallipoli campaign, the 10th Battalion rotated through various positions in the line defending the beachhead until withdrawn to Lemnos in November.", "Jensen remained with his unit throughout, except for a week in September–October that he spent in hospital.", "The battalion embarked for Egypt in late November and spent the next four months training and assisting in the defence of the Suez Canal.", "While in Egypt, the battalion was split into two, one half forming the nucleus of the new 50th Battalion, which was part of the 13th Brigade, 4th Division.", "In April 1916, Jensen and several other 10th Battalion men were transferred to the 50th Battalion; later that month Jensen was charged for not being in his tent at tattoo.", "On 5 June the battalion embarked for France, arriving in Marseilles six days later.", "The unit then entrained for the Western Front, entering the trenches for the first time on 28 June near Fleurbaix.", "The 50th Battalion saw its first serious action during the Battle of Mouquet Farm in mid-August 1916.", "During the battle, the 50th Battalion suffered 414 casualties, largely from the heavy German artillery bombardment.", "On 14 August, Jensen was hit in the left shoulder by a piece of shrapnel.", "He was evacuated to the UK and admitted to Graylingwell War Hospital in Chichester, West Sussex.", "While in the UK, he was charged with more disciplinary infractions in September, December and January, on one occasion being sentenced to 28 days field punishment for missing the troop train to return to France, and on another serving 12 days detention for being absent without leave.", "He did not rejoin his unit until 28 January 1917.", "The 50th Battalion continued to rotate through front line, support and reserve positions, and underwent training in rear areas.", "The battalion was also involved in pursuing the Germans as they withdrew to the Hindenburg Line of fortifications.", "On 2 April, the 13th Brigade attacked the Hindenburg Outpost Line at Noreuil.", "The attack consisted of the 51st Battalion attacking the village from the north, and the 50th Battalion from the south.", "During this assault, which was preceded by a weak artillery barrage, the 50th Battalion suffered extraordinary difficulties, and the centre company, to which Jensen belonged, was forced to detach a party of men equipped with a large number of hand grenades (then known as bombs) to deal with a strongly barricaded German post that was holding out between their company and the one on their right.", "Jensen was a member of this party.", "His actions during the reduction of this post resulted in a recommendation for the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in battle that could be awarded to a member of the Australian armed forces at that time.", "He was assisted in his actions by Private William Quinlan O'Connor and four others.", "The recommendation read: \n\nDuring the assault on Noreuil, Jensen also freed Australian prisoners, and assisted in the \"mopping-up\" of German resistance in the village itself when he captured a German officer or non-commissioned officer, who pointed out which building the fire was coming from.", "The 50th Battalion suffered 360 casualties, including 95 dead, and captured 70 Germans, nearly all of whom were taken by Jensen and his party.", "O'Connor was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal for his part in capturing the German post.", "On 4 April, Jensen was promoted to lance corporal.", "His award of the Victoria Cross appeared in The London Gazette on 8 June, by which time the 50th Battalion was involved in the Battle of Messines, suffering 149 casualties.", "After being relieved, the battalion continued its rotation through front line, support and reserve positions.", "In July 1917, Jensen was temporarily promoted to corporal and transferred to the 13th Training Battalion at Codford in the UK as an instructor.", "While there, he was entertained by Danish residents of Kingston upon Hull.", "He was invested with his VC by King George V at Buckingham Palace on 21 July.", "After another disciplinary infringement, he returned to France, rejoining his battalion on 6 October.", "He was temporarily promoted to sergeant in early November, and the battalion spent the winter of 1917–18 rotating through the front line.", "In late March 1918, the battalion left its rest area and, along with many other Australian units, was quickly deployed to meet the German spring offensive south of the River Ancre.", "On 5 April, the battalion took up positions at Dernancourt and there contributed to the defeat of the \"largest German attack mounted against Australian troops during the war\" during the Second Battle of Dernancourt.", "The fighting at Dernancourt was followed by a move to the Villers-Bretonneux sector, where, on 25 April, the battalion took part in the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux that drove the Germans from that village, at a cost to the battalion of 254 casualties.", "On 5 May, Jensen was on patrol near Villers-Bretonneux when he was shot in the head.", "Severely wounded, he was admitted to hospital in France, and on 18 May was evacuated to the UK, where he was admitted to the Richmond Military Hospital in Surrey.", "Jensen reverted to the rank of corporal on being evacuated.", "Following two weeks' leave, he was repatriated to Australia, along with nine other Victoria Cross recipients, in August 1918 to take part in a recruiting campaign on the invitation of Prime Minister Billy Hughes.", "He disembarked in Adelaide on 11 October, and was discharged from the AIF on 2 December.", "He was assessed to be partially disabled, and received a small pension.", "For his service during the war, as well as his Victoria Cross he was issued the 1914–15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal.", "Post-war\n\nAfter his discharge, Jensen worked for a short time as a barman in Truro, then as a marine store dealer in Adelaide.", "He married Katy Herman ( Arthur), a divorcée, at the Adelaide Registry Office on 13 July 1921.", "Their marriage was heavily affected by his wartime experiences.", "In April 1922, a photograph of Jensen and his horse-drawn cart, with \"J. C. Jensen V.C.\"", "painted on the side, was published on the front page of The Sunday Times newspaper in Sydney; the caption noted that he employed several men in his business.", "On 28 May, Jensen was admitted to the Adelaide Hospital, and died of congestion of the lungs three days later, aged 31.", "He had never fully recovered from the wounds he had received during the war.", "On 2 June, Jensen's casket was carried on a horse-drawn gun carriage to the West Terrace Cemetery, followed by hundreds of former members of the 50th Battalion, and he was buried with full military honours in the AIF section of the cemetery.", "It was reported as \"one of the most impressive funerals which have passed through the gates of the West Terrace Cemetery\", and \"probably one of the largest military funerals ever held in Adelaide\".", "The pastor at the service said that Jensen was, \"modest always... ever ready to enlarge on the bravery of others, without touching on his own accomplishments\".", "Jensen's medal set, including his Victoria Cross, was donated by a family member to the Australian War Memorial in 1987 at a ceremony attended by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, and is displayed in the Hall of Valour of the memorial.", "In 2006, a memorial to Jensen was unveiled in Løgstør by the Australian ambassador to Denmark, and a book about him was published in Denmark in the same year.", "Each year, wreaths are placed at the memorial in memory of Jensen, and in 2014 a wreath was placed by the Australian ambassador, Damien Miller.", "Footnotes\n\nReferences\n\nBooks\n\nNews\n\nWebsites\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1891 births\n1922 deaths\nAustralian Army soldiers\nAustralian World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross\nBurials at West Terrace Cemetery\nDanish emigrants to Australia\nPeople from Vesthimmerland Municipality" ]

[ "The Victoria Cross is the highest award for bravery in battle that can be given to a member of the Australian armed forces.", "Jensen moved to Australia in 1909 and became a British subject in 1914.", "A sailor and labourer before World War I, he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in March 1915, serving with the 10th Battalion during the final stages of the Gallipoli campaign.", "Jensen was sent to France with the 50th battalion after the Australian force left Egypt.", "He was wounded in the Battle of Mouquet Farm in August and only returned to his unit in January 1917.", "His actions leading to the capture of over fifty German soldiers resulted in the award of the Victoria Cross.", "After the Battle of Messines, Jensen was posted to a training unit in the United Kingdom.", "He was promoted to sergeant in November after returning to his battalion.", "The German spring offensive began in March 1918, and Jensen fought with his battalion at Villers-Bretonneux.", "After the fighting at Villers-Bretonneux, Jensen was on patrol when he received a severe head wound and was evacuated to the United Kingdom, where he was discharged in Australia at the end of the war.", "He died the year after he married, having never fully recovered from his war wounds.", "Jrgen Christian Jensen was the son of Jrgen Christian Jensen and Christiane Srensen, who was also known as Jensen.", "Srensen worked in agriculture.", "The younger Jensen was a good student and entered the fishing industry.", "He migrated to Australia from the United Kingdom when he was 17 years old.", "He was a sailor on river steamers on the Murray River, as well as a labourer, when he moved to Morgan, South Australia, in 1909.", "On September 7, 1914, he was naturalized as a British subject.", "Jensen enlisted as a private in the Australian Imperial Force on March 23, 1915, and was assigned to the 6th reinforcements to the 10th battalion.", "He joined the battalion at Gallipoli, Turkey, on 4 August after his reinforcement draft embarked on HMAT Borda.", "Almost half of the battalion was sick with dysentery by the time Jensen arrived.", "The 10th battalion was in the line defending the beachhead for the rest of the campaign.", "Jensen spent a week in the hospital in September and October.", "After embarking for Egypt in November, the battalion spent the next four months training and assisting in the defence of the canal.", "The nucleus of the new 50th battalion was formed when the battalion was split into two in Egypt.", "Jensen was charged for not being in his tent at tattoo after he was transferred to the 50th Battalion.", "The battalion arrived in Marseilles six days after they left for France.", "On June 28, the unit entered the trenches for the first time.", "The Battle of Mouquet Farm was the first serious action of the 50th battalion.", "The heavy German bombardment resulted in 414 casualties for the 50th battalion.", "Jensen was hit in the left shoulder by a piece of metal.", "He was admitted to the Graylingwell War Hospital after being evacuated to the UK.", "He was sentenced to 28 days field punishment for missing the troop train to return to France, and another 12 days for being absent without leave, when he was in the UK.", "He didn't rejoin his unit until January of 1917.", "The 50th Battalion underwent training in rear areas after rotating through front line, support and reserve positions.", "As the Germans withdrew to the line of fortifications, the battalion was involved in pursuing them.", "The 13th brigade attacked the line on April 2.", "The village was attacked from the north by the 51st battalion and from the south by the 50th battalion.", "During this assault, which was preceded by a weak artillery barrage, the 50th Battalion suffered extraordinary difficulties, and the centre company, to which Jensen belonged, was forced to detach a party of men equipped with a large number of hand grenades to deal with a strongly barricade.", "Jensen was a member of the party.", "The Victoria Cross, the highest award for bravery in battle that can be awarded to a member of the Australian armed forces, was recommended for him by his actions during the reduction of this post.", "Private William Quinlan O'Connor was one of the people who helped him.", "During the assault on Noreuil, Jensen freed Australian prisoners, and assisted in the \"mopping-up\" of German resistance when he captured a German officer or non-commissioned officer, who pointed out which building the fire was coming from.", "Almost all of the 70 Germans captured by the 50th Battalion were taken by Jensen and his party.", "The German post was captured by O'Connor.", "Jensen was promoted to lance corporal on April 4.", "The 50th battalion was involved in the Battle of Messines when his award of the Victoria Cross was published.", "The battalion continued its rotation after being relieved.", "The 13th Training Battalion at Codford in the UK was where Jensen was transferred to as an instructor in July 1917.", "He was entertained by Danes in Kingston upon Hull.", "King George V invested in him at Buckingham Palace.", "He returned to France to rejoin his battalion on October 6.", "The battalion spent the winter of 1917-18 rotating through the front line after he was promoted to sergeant.", "In late March 1918, the battalion left its rest area and was quickly deployed to meet the German spring offensive south of the River Ancre.", "The defeat of the largest German attack mounted against Australian troops during the war was contributed to by the battalion taking up positions at Dernancourt.", "The Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux took place on 25 April, and the battalion took part in it to drive the Germans from that village.", "Jensen was shot in the head while patrolling near Villers-Bretonneux.", "He was seriously wounded in France and was admitted to a hospital in France before being taken to the UK.", "On being evacuated, Jensen reverted to the rank of corporal.", "He and nine other Victoria Cross recipients were sent back to Australia in August 1918 to take part in a recruiting campaign on the invitation of the Prime Minister Billy Hughes.", "He was discharged from the AIF on December 2nd.", "He received a small pension after being assessed to be partially disabled.", "He received the 1914–15 Star, British War medal and Victory medal for his service during the war.", "After his discharge, Jensen worked as a barman and a marine store dealer.", "He married a divorcée named Arthur on 13 July 1921.", "Their marriage was affected by his experiences.", "A picture of Jensen and his horse-drawn cart was taken in 1922.", "The front page of The Sunday Times newspaper in Australia stated that he employed several men in his business.", "Jensen died of congestion of the lungs three days after he was admitted to the hospital.", "He had been wounded during the war and never recovered.", "Jensen's body was taken on a horse-drawn gun carriage to the West Terrace Cemetery, followed by hundreds of former members of the 50th Battalion, and he was buried with full military honours in the AIF section of the cemetery.", "It was reported that it was \"one of the most impressive funerals which have passed through the gates of the West Terrace Cemetery\" and that it was \"probably one of the largest military funerals ever held in Adelaide\".", "Jensen was always ready to enlarge on the bravery of others, without touching on his own accomplishments, according to the pastor at the service.", "Jensen's medal set, including his Victoria Cross, was donated by a family member to the Australian War Memorial in 1987, and is displayed in the Hall of Valour.", "A memorial to Jensen was unveiled in Lgstr in 2006 and a book about him was published in Danes in the same year.", "The Australian ambassador placed a wreath at the memorial in memory of Jensen.", "There are 1891 births and 1922 deaths of Australian Army soldiers and recipients of the Victoria Cross Burials at West Terrace Cemetery." ]

[ "Jørgen Christian Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jørgen", "Christian Jensen", "Jørgen", "Christian Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen" ]

[ "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Christian Jensen", "Christian Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen", "Jensen" ]

[ "Swami Ranganathananda (15 December 1908 – 25 April 2005) was a Hindu swami of the Ramakrishna Math order.", "He served as the 13th president of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission.", "Biography \nSwami Ranganathananda, (pre-monastic name Shankaran Kutty), was born on 15 December 1908 in a village called Trikkur near Trichur, in Kerala to Neelakanta Sastry and Lakshmikutty Amma .", "As a teenager, he was attracted by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna and joined the Mysore centre of Ramakrishna Order as a Brahmachari in 1926.", "He served the Mysore Centre for 9 years and was under Swami Siddheswarananda and another 3 years under him in the Bangalore centre.", "He was initiated as a Sannyasi (monk) in 1933, on the 70th anniversary of Vivekananda's birth by Shivananda, a direct disciple of Ramakrishna.", "Between 1939 and 1942, he served as the secretary and librarian at the Rangoon branch of Ramakrishna Mission.", "In 1942, during the Second World War, when Japan bombed Burma (Myanmar today) and the centre had to be wound up, Swami Ranganathananda came back to Dhaka preferring the land route trekking along with thousands of other refugees, although more comfortable alternatives were available.", "He then served as the president of the Karachi centre of Math from 1942 to 1948 until the partition of India, after which the mission found it difficult to continue its activities at Karachi.", "At Karachi, L.K.", "Advani came in contact with him and listened to his discourses on the Bhagavad Gita.", "Advani said that Ranganathananda was a \"great influence\" during his formative years.", "According to Advani, at Karachi, Mohammed Ali Jinnah had once listened to Swami Ranganathananda's lecture on Islam and Prophet Mohammed and remarked, \"Now I know how a true Muslim should be.\"", "From 1949 to 1962, he served as a secretary at the Delhi centre.", "Then from 1962 to 1967, he served as the Secretary of the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, director of School of Humanistic & Cultural studies, editor of mission's monthly.", "The swami became president of the Hyderabad branch in 1973, where he developed the Vivekananda Vani School of Languages, a temple, and a library.", "He was elected to the post of vice-president of Ramakrishna Math and Mission in 1988.", "In 1998 he was elected as the president of the mission.", "Swami Ranganathananda was chosen by the Indian government for Padma Vibhushan award in 2000.", "He declined the Padma Vibhushan as it was conferred on him in his individual capacity and not for the Mission.", "He accepted the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1987 and the Gandhi Peace Prize in February 1999 as both were conferred on the Ramakrishna Mission.", "Since his residence in Bangalore in the 1930s, Swami Ranganathananda has been a popular teacher and lecturer on Indian spiritual culture.", "By the mid-1950s he was known within India as an authority on practical Vedanta.", "Since the 1960s he made nearly annual lecture tours to Western Europe, the United States, Australia, and Singapore.", "He also lectured in Iran and in the Soviet Union.", "Ranganathananda is noted for this contributions that bridges science and Vedantic spirituality.", "Swami Ranganathananda was regarded a great scholar and teacher.", "He has authored over 50 books.", "The Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan has published around twenty-nine of these books.", "His famous book includes Eternal Values for a Changing Society and commentaries on the messages of the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads.", "He was known as a good orator.", "His weekly classes and public lectures were popular among the followers.", "Ganapathy, a correspondent of The Hindu writes that \"In all his lectures, Swami Ranganathananda had stressed on the philosophy of eternal religion, a practical Vedanta, which teaches universal acceptance\".", "He conducted moral and religious classes for the prisoners in the Bangalore and Mysore jails.", "In Delhi, Ranganathananda organised social services at hospitals and worked for the relief of leprosy patients.", "Indian prime minister, Manmohan Singh described Swamis Ranganathananda and Vivekananda as \"leaders with a modern mind and scientific temper.\"", "Swami Ranganathananda lived the last days of his life in the headquarters of the Ramakrishna Mission at Belur in West Bengal.", "He died at the Woodlands Medical Centre, Kolkata, at 3:51 p.m. on Monday, 25 April 2005, owing to cardiac arrest.", "He was 96.", "His body was kept for darshan at Belur Math (near Kolkata) on that day, then was cremated the next day.", "India Post released a postage stamp in the denomination of Rs 5 to commemorate the 100th birth anniversary of Swami Ranganathananda, during December 2008 at Kolkata.", "His life and work has been documented in many biographies, including the one in Malayalam by D. Vijayamohan.", "Quotations\n \"Are you growing spiritually?", "Can you love others?", "Can you feel oneness with others?", "Have you peace within yourself?", "and do you radiate it around you?", "That is called spiritual growth, which is stimulated by meditation inwardly, and by work done in a spirit of service outwardly.\"", "\"I am not alone in the world. . .We belong to a world. . .The vast world is around us.", "We cannot do without it.", "We cannot become human without a human world around us.", "How much we owe to the world of other human beings around us!\"", "\"Efficiency and energy comes from emotion, not from intellectual knowledge, which can only direct that emotional energy.", "But the real impulse comes from emotion.", "It makes you work at your best.\"", "\"So, work hard; perform all duties; develop yourself; then come and surrender to the highest.", "Do a whole day's honest work, then sit and meditate; then resign yourself to God.", "Otherwise, that meditation has no meaning or value.", "Meditation at the end of a lazy day has no meaning; but the same at the end of an active day, filled with good deeds, has meaning, and is rewarding.\"", "\"How can we find joy in work?", "By working for oneself?", "No; it is not possible to find that continuous joy in work through selfish motivations.", "Frustration and ennui are the end of all selfish motivations.", "Frustrations and nervous breakdowns are the end of a self-centred life.", "The first advice of modern psychiatry to such people is to get out of this prison of self-centredness, and to find a genuine interest in other people.", "Everyone has to learn the lesson some day that, the best way to be happy is to strive to make others happy.", "So wherever you find frustration, you will always discover that the person concerned had been too self-centred, and the only hope for him is through learning to take interest in other people, to find joy in the joy of other people.", "This is the royal path that makes for health, for strength, for efficiency.", "This great truth—universal and human—we should apply to the world and to our life in it.\"", "The great new mantra today is \"Work\" and 'Hard Work'; along with Hard Work, intelligent work co-operative teamwork.", "All great undertakings are product of teamwork.", "We can meet the challenge of freedom only when we have learnt this character-efficiency involved in teamwork, and intelligent hard work.", "This is the philosophy which we have to learn consciously, not unconsciously, somehow stumbling into it.", "Work from ego point of view is all tension.", "But behind ego, there is an infinite spiritual dimension.", "When that is realised even a little, then extra work won't make one feel that it is heavy.", "Even ordinary experiences will tell you: Whenever there is love in the heart, the worker doesn't feel heavy.", "When there is no love in the heart, even a little work makes one feel very heavy.", "As soon as you have love for a particular cause, you can do anything; do hard work, but have a spirit of detachment based on a larger love.", "Work is no work at all.", "It is a question of agency and attachment.", "When these two are not there, work ceases to be work, it becomes a play, it becomes spontaneous, and it becomes natural.", "When you become thoroughly detached, then all that tension goes away.", "You are working, but you don't feel that you are working.", "What a beautiful idea!\"", "Work is drudgery; Sri Krishna will not allow that attitude.", "There is joy in work also.", "Do not abandon work; go on doing work; but, mentally renouncing all actions.", "It is a wonderful state of mind-working, and yet not working.", "Those who work, work with a zest and with joy and in work, learn calmness and the serenity of the human mind and heart; what a wonderful joy it is to work in such a way!", "When science insists on studying things from the point of view of the objects themselves by eliminating the personal equation, it is in effect, emphasising the sakshi-bhava or sakshi point of view (witness attitude); for, the limited and circumscribed vision of the ego gives place to the unlimited and universal vision of the sakshi, by the practice of scientific or intellectual detachment.", "The endeavours and conclusions of the sense-bound intellect can not be the last word in man’s search for truth.", "An intellectual approach to truth will end only in agnosticism; and often in cynicism.", "But the whole being of man seeks to experience truth, to realise it.", "… This rising above rationalism to direct experience and realisation, this growth of man from the sensate to the super-sensual dimension, is the special message of Indian spiritual tradition.", "Mysticism, studied seriously, challenges basic tenets of Western Cultures: a) the primacy of reason and intellect; b) the separate, individual nature of man; c) the linear organisation of time.", "Great mystics, like our own great scientists, envision the world as being larger than those tenets, as transcending our traditional views.", "Notes and references\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links\n Swami Ranganathananda - a monk with a mission\n Educational philosophy of Swami Ranganathananda\nLectures\n Vivekachudamani\n\nPresidents of the Ramakrishna Order\n1908 births\n2005 deaths\nPeople from Thrissur\nMalayali people\nVailoppilli Sreedhara Menon Memorial Government Vocational Higher Secondary School alumni\n20th-century Hindu religious leaders\n20th-century Indian scholars\nScholars from Kerala\nMonks of the Ramakrishna Mission" ]

[ "There was a Hindu swami of the order.", "He was the 13th president of the mission.", "The pre-monastic name Shankaran Kutty was given to Swami Ranganathananda, who was born on December 15, 1908 in a village called Trikkur near Trichur, in Kerala.", "When he was a teenager, he was attracted to the teachings of the two men and joined the Mysore centre of the Ramakrishna Order.", "He worked in the Mysore Centre for 9 years and in the Bangalore centre for 3 years.", "He was initiated as a Sannyasi in 1933 on the 70th anniversary of the birth of Vivekananda.", "He was the secretary and librarian at the branch of the Ramakrishna Mission.", "During the Second World War, when the centre had to be wound up, the land route trekking along with thousands of other refugees was the most comfortable option, although more comfortable alternatives were available.", "The partition of India made it difficult for the mission to continue its activities at Karachi.", "L.K. is at Karachi.", "Advani was in contact with him and listened to what he had to say.", "During his formative years, Advani said that Ranganathananda was a great influence.", "According to Advani, Mohammed Ali Jinnah once listened to a lecture on Islam and Prophet Mohammed and remarked, \"Now I know how a true Muslim should be.\"", "He was a secretary at the Delhi centre from 1949 to 1962.", "He was the editor of the mission's monthly and the director of the school of humanistic and cultural studies.", "The Vivekananda Vani School of Languages, a temple, and a library were developed by the swami after he became president of the Hyderabad branch.", "He was elected to the post of vice-president in 1988.", "He became the president of the mission in 1998.", "The Indian government decided in 2000 to give the Padma vibhushan to Swami Ranganathananda.", "He declined the award because it was not for the mission.", "He received the Gandhi Peace Prize in February 1999 and the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1987.", "The popular teacher and lecturer on Indian spiritual culture has been in Bangalore since the 1930s.", "He was known as an authority on practical Vedanta by the mid-1950s.", "He made annual lecture tours to Western Europe, the United States, Australia, and Singapore.", "He lectured in both Iran and the Soviet Union.", "There are contributions that bridge science and spirituality.", "He was a great scholar and teacher.", "He has written over 50 books.", "Around twenty-nine of these books have been published by the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.", "Eternal Values for a Changing Society includes commentaries on the messages of the Upanishads.", "He was an orator.", "His weekly classes and public lectures were popular with his followers.", "The philosophy of eternal religion, a practical Vedanta, which teaches universal acceptance, was stressed in all his lectures, according to a correspondent of The Hindu.", "He taught moral and religious classes to prisoners in the Bangalore and Mysore jails.", "In Delhi, he worked for the relief of leprosy patients.", "Manmohan Singh described the leaders as \"leaders with a modern mind and scientific temper\".", "The headquarters of the Ramakrishna Mission at Belur in West Bengal was where the last days of the Swami were spent.", "On Monday, 25 April 2005, he died of a cardiac arrest.", "He was 96 years old.", "His body was kept for darshan at Belur Math before being cremated the next day.", "During December 2008 at Kolkata, India Post released a postage stamp in the denominations of Rs 5 and Rs 10.", "His life and work has been documented in many biographies.", "Are you growing as a person?", "Is it possible to love others?", "Is it possible to feel oneness with others?", "Is there peace within you?", "Do you surround yourself with it?", "Spiritual growth is stimulated by meditation and work done in a spirit of service.", "I am not alone in the world.", "We can't do without it.", "We can't become human without a world around us.", "We owe a lot to the world around us.", "Intellectual knowledge can only direct the emotional energy.", "Emotions come from the real impulse.", "It makes you work harder.", "Work hard, perform all duties, develop yourself, and then come and surrender to the highest.", "If you want to resign yourself to God, do a whole day's honest work, then sit and meditate.", "There is no meaning or value to meditation.", "While meditating at the end of a lazy day has no meaning, at the end of an active day filled with good deed has meaning and is rewarding.", "How can we be happy at work?", "Is it possible to work for yourself?", "It is not possible to find joy in work through selfishness.", "Frustration and ennui are the end of selfishness.", "Frustrations and nervous breakdowns are the end of a self-centred life.", "To get out of this prison of self-centredness, and to find a genuine interest in other people, is the first advice of modern psychiatry to such people.", "The best way to be happy is to try to make others happy.", "The only hope for the person concerned is through learning to take interest in other people, to find joy in the joy of other people.", "This path makes for health, strength, and efficiency.", "We should apply the universal and human truth to the world.", "The new slogan is \"Work\" and \"Hard Work\", along with intelligent work co-operative teamwork.", "Teamwork is the root of all great undertakings.", "We can't meet the challenge of freedom if we don't know character-efficiency involved in teamwork and intelligent hard work.", "This is the philosophy that we have to learn consciously, not unconsciously.", "Work from an ego point of view is tense.", "There is an infinite spiritual dimensions behind ego.", "Extra work won't make one feel that it is heavy when that is realised.", "The worker doesn't feel heavy when there is love in the heart.", "A little work makes one feel very heavy when there is no love in the heart.", "If you have a larger love for a cause, you can do anything, even if you have to work hard.", "Work is not work at all.", "It is a question of attachment and agency.", "When these two are not there, work ceases to be work, it becomes a play, and it becomes natural.", "All that tension goes away when you become detached.", "You don't feel like you're working.", "What a wonderful idea!", "Sri Krishna won't allow that attitude at work.", "There is joy in work.", "Don't abandon work, go on doing work, but mentally renouncing all actions.", "It's a wonderful state of mind-work, but it's not working.", "It is a wonderful joy to work in a way that brings joy and calmness to the human mind and heart.", "The limited and circumscribed vision of the ego gives place to the sakshi-bhava or sakshi point of view when science insists on studying things from the point of view of the objects themselves.", "The conclusions of the sense-bound intellect can not be the end of the search for truth.", "An intellectual approach to truth will often end in cynicism.", "The whole being of man wants to experience truth.", "The special message of Indian spiritual tradition is that the growth of man from the sensate to the super-sensual is MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE", "Western Cultures have basic tenets of reason and intellect, a separate, individual nature of man, and a linear organisation of time.", "Great mystics, like our own great scientists, see the world as larger than we think.", "External links include a monk with a mission and Presidents of the Higher Order." ]

[ "Swami Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda", "Ranganathananda", "Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda", "Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda", "Ranganathananda", "Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda", "Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda" ]

[ "Swami Ranganathananda", "Swami Ranganathananda" ]

[ "Earl MacDonald (born July 26, 1970) is a Canadian pianist, composer, arranger, conductor, recording artist, and educator specializing in jazz.", "Described as \"a magical, musical alchemist of hip hybrids\", MacDonald's compositional work frequently draws upon other musical styles, fusing them with jazz.", "The Winnipeg native has been employed as director of jazz studies at the University of Connecticut since the fall of 2000.", "Early years\n\nMacDonald was born and raised in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.", "His father, Keith MacDonald, is an avid bagpiper who authored \"The Church Piper\" book series.", "MacDonald has one sibling, Janine Mackie, a journalist and freelance writer based in Surrey, British Columbia.", "MacDonald began taking music lessons at age five, starting on electronic organ.", "As a teenager he earned money playing the organ for Winnipeg Jets hockey games (1985-1988).", "He attended Silver Heights Collegiate Institute, where his high school stage band was nationally recognized, winning \"Most Outstanding\" and Gold awards at the 1988 MusicFest Canada competition.", "Also during high school, MacDonald began taking classical piano lessons with Darrel Loewen and Shirley Kwok at the Manitoba Conservatory for Music and Arts.", "He also studied music theory with Francis Sanderson.", "Education & musical training\nMacDonald earned a bachelor of music degree in 1992 from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he majored in jazz performance.", "His jazz piano teachers included Fred Henke, Luc Beaugrand and André White.", "He studied arranging with Christopher Smith, composition with Jan Jarczyk, and improvisation with trumpeter Kevin Dean.", "MacDonald's graduate studies spanned 1993 to 1995 at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey.", "He apprenticed with Kenny Barron who recorded MacDonald's composition, \"Wanton Spirit\" while he was still a graduate student.", "The song was released as the title track of Barron's Grammy-nominated CD with Roy Haynes and Charlie Haden.", "At Rutgers, MacDonald studied arranging with Michael Philip Mossman and played in ensembles under the direction of Ralph Bowen.", "MacDonald has augmented his formal education by participating in the BMI Jazz Composers' Workshop under the direction of Jim McNeely, Michael Abene and Mike Holober.", "He also attended the Summer Jazz Workshop in Banff, Canada in 2001, and has audited conducting courses at UConn with Dr. Jeffrey Renshaw.", "Maynard Ferguson & Big Bop Nouveau\nMacDonald joined Maynard Ferguson's touring band in 1998, following a one-year teaching appointment at Bowling Green State University.", "He worked with Ferguson for two years, performing across North America, Europe and Asia.", "One studio album was recorded during MacDonald's tenure with Ferguson: \"Big City Rhythms\", a collaboration with singer Michael Feinstein.", "Video recordings of several concerts have been publicly released, including MacDonald's second performance with the band, which was released on DVD as \"Maynard Ferguson - Live from the King Cat Theatre\" (in Seattle, WA).", "MacDonald's bandmates with Ferguson included:\n trumpeters Carl Fischer, Scott Englebright, Adolfo Acosta, Michael Bogart, Brian Ploeger, Thomas Marriott, Frank Abrahamson & Pete Ferguson\n trombonists Rodney Lancaster, Mike Bravin, Kelsley Grant & Reggie Watkins\n saxophonists Mike Dubaniewicz, Jeff Rupert, Mike MacArthur, Kelly Jefferson & Jim Brenan\n bassists Paul Thompson, Nathan Peck & Brian Stahurski\n drummers Dave Throckmorton & Brian Wolfe\n\nIn 1999, upon the departure of bassist Paul Thompson, Ferguson appointed MacDonald musical director of Big Bop Nouveau.", "As musical director, MacDonald rehearsed the ensemble, selected performance repertoire, made personnel recommendations and wrote musical arrangements.", "In the lineage of Ferguson's pianists, MacDonald succeeded Ron Oswanski.", "Following MacDonald's departure in 2000, Ferguson hired Bryn Roberts and later Will Bonness, both of whom were MacDonald's former students from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.", "Teaching\nAt the post-secondary level MacDonald has taught at:\n St. Francis Xavier University in Nova Scotia (1996-1997),\n Bowling Green State University in Ohio (1997-1998), and at \n the University of Connecticut (2000–present)\n\nAt UCONN he teaches courses in improvisation and arranging, while also directing student ensembles and administering the jazz program.", "He was tenured and promoted to Associate Professor in 2005.", "Beyond his primary teaching position, MacDonald frequently participates as a clinician, guest conductor and teacher at summer camps.", "In recent years he has taught at the Kincardine Summer Music Festival, Jazz In July at UMASS Amherst and Marshall University's \"Jazz-MU-Tazz\" camp in West Virginia.", "Awards, nominations & recognition\n\nProfessional\n 2003: Sammy Nestico Award, for outstanding big band arrangement, sponsored by the USAF\n 2003: Artist Fellowship, Connecticut Commission on the Arts\n 2004: Best Jazz Group, Hartford Advocate's Reader's Poll (the Earl MacDonald 6)\n 2003: Parent's Choice Award for \"Treblemakers Jazz It Up\" CD.", "2007: Finalist, Charlie Parker/BMI Jazz Composition Award\n 2008: Finalist, ArtEZ Jazz Composition Contest, the Netherlands\n 2009: Artist Fellowship, Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism\n 2011: JUNO award nomination for Traditional Jazz Album of the Year\n 2011: 10th Annual Independent Music Awards, winner, jazz song category\n 2011: Best Jazz Group, Hartford Advocate readers' poll (New Directions Ensemble)\n 2011: Finalist, ArtEZ Jazz Composition Contest, the Netherlands\n 2014: JUNO award nomination for Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year\n\nAcademic\n 2003: AAUP Excellence Award for Teaching Promise\n 2004: New Scholar Award, School of Fine Arts, University of Connecticut\n 2006: AAUP Excellence Award for Teaching Innovation\n 2011: UConn School of Fine Arts Special Achievement Award\n 2013: UConn School of Fine Arts Outstanding Faculty Award\n\nMusical ensembles\n\nJazz Orchestra (Big Band)\n\nMacDonald has released two albums of his compositions and arrangements for 17-piece jazz orchestra (big band): \"UConn Jazz\" (2002) and \"Re:Visions - Works for Jazz Orchestra\" (2010).", "The latter received a Juno Award nomination for traditional jazz album of the year in 2011.", "Reviewer, Dan Bilawsky asserted, \"Re:Visions goes beyond where most big bands go and the music here establishes Earl MacDonald as a major force in the world of jazz composition.\"", "MacDonald's big band arrangements are published through eJazz Lines.", "C.O.W.", "(Creative Opportunity Workshop)\n\nIn 2013 MacDonald released an album with the unorthodox instrumentation of cello, saxophone, percussion and piano.", "MacDonald said, \"This band, the Creative Opportunity Workshop, was formed to serve as a personal playground for experimentation and fusions.\"", "The CD, \"Mirror of the Mind\" received a JUNO award nomination for contemporary jazz album of the year and a garnered many favorable reviews.", "New Directions Ensemble\n\nMacDonald currently serves as Musical Director and Composer-In-Residence for the Hartford Jazz Society's New Directions Ensemble.", "The group's instrumentation consists of 2 trumpets, 1 trombone, 1 French horn, 3 saxophones (1 alto, 1 tenor, 1 bari), piano, bass and drums.", "Owen McNally of the Hartford Courant described the band and outlined its mission, stating \"the fresh-sounding New Directions Ensemble taps into the rich lode of area talent, provides a vital forum for original compositions, spreads the good word about contemporary band music in its educational role, and provides a prominent public face for its sponsor, the Hartford Jazz Society.", "The New Directions Ensemble is set to swing in its own fresh way, generating contemporary band music that lives in the present, independent, cliché-free and untethered to conventional big band nostalgia.\"", "Discography\n\nAlbums as leader\n\nRecorded collaborations\n\nPersonal life\n\nCurrently, MacDonald lives in Mansfield, CT with his wife, Jana (née Smith).", "The couple were married in 2003 in South Windsor, CT.", "Together they have two young children.", "References\n\nExternal links \n Earl MacDonald's Home Page\n\n1970 births\nLiving people\nCanadian jazz pianists\nCanadian music arrangers\nCanadian jazz composers\nCanadian classical composers\nAmerican jazz composers\nAmerican male jazz composers\nAmerican jazz pianists\nAmerican male pianists\nAmerican music arrangers\nAmerican jazz bandleaders\n20th-century classical composers\n21st-century classical composers\nMusicians from Winnipeg\nPeople from Tolland County, Connecticut\nMcGill University School of Music alumni\nRutgers University alumni\nUniversity of Connecticut faculty\n21st-century American composers\nAmerican male classical composers\nAmerican classical composers\n20th-century Canadian pianists\n20th-century American composers\nJazz musicians from Connecticut\n21st-century Canadian pianists\n20th-century American male musicians\n21st-century American male musicians\n20th-century American pianists\n21st-century American pianists\n20th-century jazz composers\n21st-century jazz composers" ]

[ "Earl MacDonald is a Canadian pianist, composer, arranger, conductor, recording artist, and educator specializing in jazz.", "MacDonald's work often draws upon other musical styles to create jazz-inspired compositions.", "The director of jazz studies at the University of Connecticut is a native of Canada.", "MacDonald was born and raised in Canada.", "His father is an avid bagpiper and author of a book series.", "MacDonald's brother is a journalist and writer based in British Columbia.", "MacDonald started taking music lessons when he was five.", "He played the organ for the Jets hockey games as a teenager.", "His high school stage band won the \"most outstanding\" and \"gold\" awards at the 1988 Music Fest Canada competition.", "MacDonald began taking classical piano lessons when he was in high school.", "He studied music theory.", "MacDonald majored in jazz performance at the University of Montreal, where he earned a bachelor of music degree in 1992.", "His jazz piano teachers were Fred Henke and Luc Beaugrand.", "He learned how to arrange with Christopher Smith, how to compose with Jan Jarczyk, and how to play the trumpet with Kevin Dean.", "MacDonald's graduate studies took place at Rutgers University.", "Kenny Barron recorded MacDonald's composition \"Wanton Spirit\" while he was still a graduate student.", "The title track of the album was released as a song.", "MacDonald studied arranging with Michael Philip Mossman at Rutgers.", "MacDonald participated in the Jazz Composers' Workshop under the direction of Jim McNeely, Michael Abene and Mike Holober.", "He attended the Summer Jazz Workshop in Canada in 2001 and has conducted courses at the University of Connecticut.", "Maynard Ferguson's band joined in 1998 after a one-year teaching appointment at Bowling Green State University.", "He worked with Ferguson for two years.", "MacDonald collaborated with Michael Feinstein on \"Big City Rhythms\", a studio album.", "MacDonald's second performance with the band was released on DVD as \"Maynard Ferguson - Live from the King Cat Theatre\"", "Rounding out MacDonald's bandmates were trombonists Frank Abrahamson, Mike Bravin, Kelsley Grant, and Reggie Watkins.", "MacDonald was the musical director and made personnel recommendations.", "MacDonald was the successor to Ron Oswanski.", "Ferguson hired two of MacDonald's former students, Will Bonness and Bryn Roberts, after MacDonald's departure in 2000.", "MacDonald has taught at a number of universities, including St. Francis Xavier University in Nova Scotia, Bowling Green State University in Ohio, and the University of Connecticut.", "He was promoted to Associate Professor in 2005.", "MacDonald is a clinician, guest conductor and teacher at summer camps.", "He has taught at the Kincardine Summer Music Festival, Jazz In July, and the \"Jazz-MU-Tazz\" camp.", "The Sammy Nestico Award for outstanding big band arrangement was sponsored by the USAF in 2003 and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts in 2004.", "The winner of the 10th Annual Independent Music Awards is jazz.", "The latter was nominated for a traditional jazz album of the year in 2011.", "Dan Bilawsky stated that the music at Re:Visions establishes Earl MacDonald as a major force in the world of jazz composition.", "MacDonald's big band arrangements are published.", "C.O.W.", "MacDonald released an album in which cello, saxophone, percussion and piano were used.", "MacDonald said that the band was formed to serve as a personal playground for experimentation and fusions.", "A JUNO award nomination for contemporary jazz album of the year was received by the CD, \"Mirror of the Mind\".", "MacDonald is the Musical Director and Composer-In-Residence for the New Directions ensemble.", "The group's instruments include 2 trumpets, 1 trombone, 1 French horn, 3 saxophones, a piano, bass and drums.", "The New Directions ensemble taps into the rich lode of area talent, provides a vital forum for original compositions, spreads the good word about contemporary band music in its educational role, and provides a prominent role, according to Owen McNally of the Hartford Courant.", "The New Directions ensemble is set to swing in its own fresh way, generating contemporary band music that lives in the present, independent, cliché-free and untethered to conventional big band nostalgia.", "MacDonald lives in Connecticut with his wife, and he is the leader in recorded collaborations.", "The couple were married in 2003", "They have two children.", "There are links to External links on Earl MacDonald's Home Page." ]

[ "Earl MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "Keith MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "Earl MacDonald", "MacDonald", "Earl MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "Earl MacDonald" ]

[ "Earl MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "Earl MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "MacDonald", "Earl MacDonald" ]

[ "Esen (; ) was a powerful Oirat taishi and the de facto ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty between 1454 and 1455.", "He is best known for capturing the Emperor Yingzong of Ming in 1450 in the Battle of Tumu Fortress and briefly reuniting the Mongol tribes.", "The Four Oirat reached the peak of their power under his rule.", "Name \nEsen is also spelled Yexian (也先) in Chinese.", "Taish or Taishi is derived from the Chinese word 太師 (taishi), meaning grand preceptor.", "Youth and early career\n\nEsen was born to his father, Toghan, the Choros taishi who had expanded Oirat territory substantially, with more Mongol tribes acknowledging his supremacy.", "As an Oirat, Esen himself was not descended from Genghis Khan, which would hamper his claim to the title of great khan throughout his life.", "In his early campaigns he fought against the Chaghatayid khans of Moghulistan.", "Esen three times defeated and twice captured the Moghul ruler Uwais Khan (Ways Khan, 1418–1432).", "Esen released him out of respect for his Chinggisid blood in both cases.", "The third time, Uwais Khan granted Esen his sister Makhtum Khanim, who bore his two sons.", "Esen nominally converted to Islam in order to marry the Muslim princess, but remained effectively a shamanist.", "After his father died in 1438, Esen inherited his position, taishi, for the reigning khan Taisun Khan (reigned 1433–52).", "Under Esen Taishi's leadership, the Mongols under Taisun Khan unified the North Yuan, including the Jurchens and Tuvans in Manchuria and Siberia.", "In the 1430s, Esen also took over control of the Mongol kingdom known as Kara Del in the Hami oasis between the Gobi and the Takla Makan deserts.", "After 1443–45 the Northern Yuan reached Korea.", "Conflict with Ming dynasty\n\nBackground \nEsen entered into conflict with the Ming dynasty.", "The Ming dynasty had for some time pursued a \"divide and rule\" strategy in dealings with their northern neighbors, maintaining trade relationships, functioning as a kind of state-subsidized monopoly, with multiple leaders who they could then turn against one another by inciting jealousy or suggesting intrigue.", "However, a unified Northern Yuan was less susceptible to such tactics.", "Many of the tribes brought under Oirat dominion had inhabited areas claimed by the Ming, and other tribes had been pushed south into Ming territory seeking to escape Oirat subjugation.", "The Chagatayid Hami oasis, furthermore, had paid tribute to the emperor before Esen convinced its ruler to pay tribute to the Oirats instead.", "Throughout the 1440s, Esen increased both the frequency of tribute missions to the Ming and the number of representatives sent on each mission.", "According to surviving Chinese accounts, the Oirats asked for more and more lucrative tribute and trade agreements.", "The Ming tried to stir rivalry between Taisun Khan, but Esen chose \"rivals\" below him in status to counter the divide and rule strategy.", "So the Ming resorted to another strategy: to buy off the Northern Yuan with gifts.", "Esen encouraged hundreds of Mongol, Hami, and Samarkand-based Muslim merchants to accompany his missions to the Ming Emperor.", "Beginning in 1439 Taisun Khan and Esen sent envoys to the Ming, often numbering more than 1,000.", "They asked for more and more gifts.", "In response to this inflation of numbers, the Zhengtong Emperor (1427–64; 大明英宗正統皇帝；明英宗) decreased trade with Esen and Taisun Khan, and closed border trade with the Northern Yuan.", "Capture of the Emperor Yingzong of Ming \nIn retaliation to these trade sanctions, Esen Taishi led an invasion of the Ming Empire in 1449 that culminated in the capture of the Ming emperor during the Tumu Crisis.", "The large-scale, three-pronged invasion began in July, with Taisun Khan leading the easternmost force to Liaodong, the grand councillor Alag attacking Xuanfu, and Esen himself leading the troops that sacked Datong in August.", "Another column of the Mongols invaded Ganzhou.", "The campaign was a massive victory for the Northern Yuan, with the Mongols crushing Zhu Qizhen's forces.", "Even though Zhu's troops in the region are estimated to have numbered as many as 500,000, Zhu was still crushed by Esen Taishi's 20,000 cavalry.", "Datong lay next to the south side of the Great Wall of China.", "After the initial attack on Datong, Esen pretended to retreat back into the Mongolian steppes.", "The emperor and his hastily raised army chased the invaders west and met an ambush upon arriving at Datong.", "Mongol horsemen harried Zhu's retreat back towards the wall for four days while hampered by thunderstorms.", "The imperial army eventually reached the Tumu Fortress.", "However rather than having secured a defensible position, Zhu's troops were trapped against the northern side of the fortress, and the Northern Yuan horsemen annihilated Zhu's army.", "Most of the remaining soldiers were slaughtered.", "Esen was still some distance away, near Xianfu.", "Six weeks later, when the captured emperor Zhu Qizhen was brought to his camp, Esen attempted to ransom the emperor back to the Ming.", "According to some accounts, it was at this point that Esen was granted the title \"Taishi.\"", "In any case, the Ming refused to negotiate a ransom, perhaps in part because the emperor's brother (prince Zhu Qiyu, later the Jingtai Emperor) was by then installed on the throne and not eager to give up his new position.", "Yu Qian (于謙), the defense minister of Ming, who was organizing the counterstrike, commented that the emperor's life is not as important as the fate of the country.", "He also believed that ransoming the emperor might boost the Northern Yuan's morale and reduce that of the Ming.", "Beijing\n\nEsen still considered the emperor more valuable alive than dead.", "Esen then laid siege to Beijing, but it failed.", "Esen offered the emperor his sister in marriage (Heqin), but the emperor rejected Esen.", "The Ming Beijing garrison led by Yu Qian soon turned the situation around.", "Yu Qian ordered his forces to pretend that they had lost control of the city gate in order to lure Mongol horsemen into the city.", "Once a large portion of the Mongol force was inside, the gate was shut and the Mongols were ambushed.", "Esen's sworn blood brother was killed in the attack.", "Having failed to take the city, Esen was forced to retreat under pressure from his own troops and by the arrival of Ming reinforcements.", "Esen and Taisun Khan turned to attack Manchuria and East Siberia, under Ming rule, around the Nen River and Songhua River, but failed and were defeated by the Ming.", "Negotiations\nThe Ming court elevated the Jingtai Emperor (reigned 1449–57) to the throne.", "Esen sent the captured emperor back in 1450.", "Since the Mongol economy relied on their trade with the Ming dynasty, Esen was obligated to reopen negotiations, now under a much weaker position.", "While Ming-Mongol trade did not cease entirely during the Tumu Crisis, Esen had not only failed to win better terms than the prior arrangements, he was forced to accept less favorable terms in return for resumption of trade with the Ming.", "The Northern Yuan then entered a vassal relationship with the Ming for some time.", "Reign and death\nTaisun Khan and Esen Taishi quarreled over the heir to the throne.", "Esen wanted a son of his sister to be the successor of Taisun Khan, but Taisun nominated another son of the eastern Mongol khatun as his heir instead.", "Taisun Khan supported the Three guards and openly led his own forces against Esen in 1451, but they were outnumbered by Oirat loyalists and the nominal khan was caught and killed by eastern tribesmen as he attempted to retreat.", "Taisun Khan's brother Agbarjin jinong (viceroy), who married Esen's daughter Tsetseg, deserted to the Oirats and was promised the title of khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty.", "However, Esen murdered him at a feast which he had been invited.", "Esen attempted to kill the baby of his daughter, Agbarjin's son, but she and Esen's grandmother, Samur Gunj, hid the infant prince, Batu-Mongke, who would be a direct ancestor of Dayan Khan.", "Eighteen months after his defeat of Taisun Khan, in 1453, Esen himself took the title of Great Khan of the Great Yuan (大元天盛大可汗).", "At the same time the Oirats launched an invasion against Moghulistan, Tashkent, and Transoxiana.", "The Ming emperor was among the first to acknowledge the new title, but the reaction of Esen's fellow Mongols, Oirat and otherwise, mostly ranged from disapproving to enraged.", "Though Esen's lineage was related to the royal line descended from Temüjin (Genghis Khan) through his grandmother Samur gunji (princess), it was unlikely that he would have been considered eligible for election as Khan, and in any case Esen ignored the usual selection process.", "Rather than the title of khan falling automatically to the eldest eligible male of the line, as in primogeniture, Mongol leaders were traditionally chosen by means of the kurultai, an elective monarchy system, with the members of a lineage voting to choose the title's successor from among themselves.", "This dissatisfaction soon escalated into open revolt against Esen.", "Esen gave his son Amasanj the title of taishi, an action that led his powerful general Alag, who had expected to receive the title himself, into rebellion.", "Oirat leaders joined the rebellion against Esen, who was defeated in battle and murdered in 1455, a year after his assumption of the title of khan.", "After his death, the Oirat no longer held sway over Mongolia, which had come under their control through Esen's influence, and remained divided among themselves for many years.", "The 17th and 18th century Zunghar rulers considered themselves to be descendants of Esen Taishi.", "See also\n List of khans of the Northern Yuan dynasty\n Four Oirat\n Tumu Crisis\n Kara Del\n\nReferences and notes\n\nNotes\n\nReading \n\n \n Twitchett, Denis, Frederick W. Mote, & John K. Fairbank (eds.)", "(1998).", "The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, the Ming Dynasty, Part 2, 1368–1644.", "Cambridge University Press.", "pp.", "233–239. . Google Print.", "Retrieved 2 November 2005.", "Mancini, Robert David (publication year unknown).", "\"Dharma Daishi, Great Teacher of Buddhism and the Martial Arts\".", "van der Kuijp, Leonard W.J.", "(1993).", "\"Jambhala: an imperial envoy to Tibet during the late Yuan\".", "The Journal of the American Oriental Society 113 (4), 538–?", "Navigation \n\n1455 deaths\nHistory of Mongolia\nMongol khans\nNorthern Yuan rulers\nOirats\n15th-century Mongol rulers\n15th-century Chinese monarchs\nYear of birth unknown" ]

[ "Between 1454 and 1455, Esen was the defacto ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty.", "The Battle of Tumu Fortress in 1450 was where he captured the Emperor of Ming.", "Under his rule, the Four Oirat reached their peak of power.", "In Chinese, the name Esen is spelled Yexian.", "The Chinese word (taishi) means grand preceptor.", "Esen was the son of Toghan, the Choros taiShi who had expanded Oirat territory with more tribes acknowledging his supremacy.", "Esen's claim to the title of great khan was hampered by the fact that he was not descended from Genghis Khan.", "He fought against the Chaghatayid khans.", "The Moghul ruler Uwais Khan was defeated by Esen three times.", "He was released out of respect for his blood.", "Uwais Khan gave Esen to his sister Makhtum Khanim, who had two sons.", "Esen converted to Islam in order to marry the Muslim princess.", "After his father's death in 1438, Esen took over the position of taiShi for the reigning khan Taisun Khan.", "The Jurchens and Tuvans in Manchuria and Siberia were unified under Taisun Khan's leadership.", "In the 1430s, Esen took control of the Kara Del kingdom, which was located between the Gobi and the Takla Makan deserts.", "The Northern Yuan made its way to Korea.", "Esen entered into a conflict with the Ming dynasty.", "The Ming dynasty pursued a \"divide and rule\" strategy in dealings with their northern neighbors, maintaining trade relationships, as a kind of state-subsidized monopoly, with multiple leaders who they could then turn against one another by inciting jealousy or suggesting intrigue.", "The unification of the Northern Yuan was less susceptible to such tactics.", "Many of the tribes brought under Oirat had inhabited areas claimed by the Ming, and other tribes were pushed south to escape Oirat subjugation.", "Before Esen convinced the ruler to pay tribute to the Oirats, he had paid tribute to the emperor.", "The number of representatives sent on each mission was increased by Esen.", "According to Chinese accounts, the Oirats asked for more and more lucrative trade agreements.", "Esen chose \"rivals\" below him in status to counter the divide and rule strategy of the Ming.", "The Ming decided to buy off the Northern Yuan with gifts.", "Hundreds of Muslim merchants from the Samarkand area were encouraged by Esen to accompany his missions.", "In 1439 Taisun Khan and Esen sent envoys to the Ming numbering more than 1,000.", "They wanted more gifts.", "The Emperor decreased trade with Esen and Taisun Khan in response to the inflation of numbers.", "In response to the trade sanctions, Esen Taishi led an invasion of the Ming Empire that resulted in the capture of the emperor during the Tumu Crisis.", "The large-scale, three-pronged invasion began in July with Taisun Khan leading the easternmost force to Liaodong, Alag attacking Xuanfu, and Esen himself leading the troops that sacked Datong.", "There was another column of the Mongols.", "The campaign was a huge victory for the Northern Yuan.", "The estimated number of troops in the region is 500,000, but Esen Taishi's 20,000 cavalry crushed them all.", "The Great Wall of China is located on the south side.", "After the initial attack on Datong, Esen pretended to leave the country.", "After chasing the invaders west, the emperor and his army met an ambush at Datong.", "The horsemen were able to keep the retreat back towards the wall.", "The Tumu Fortress was reached by the imperial army.", "The northern side of the fortress was overrun by the Northern Yuan horsemen, despite the fact that Zhu's troops had secured a defensible position.", "Most of the soldiers were killed.", "Near Xianfu, Esen was still some distance away.", "Esen tried to get the emperor back to the Ming after he was captured.", "According to some accounts, it was at this point that Esen was given the title.", "The emperor's brother was installed on the throne and not eager to give up his position so the Ming refused to negotiate a ransom.", "The emperor's life is not as important as the fate of the country according to the defense minister.", "He believed that if the emperor were to be kidnapped, it would affect the Northern Yuan and the Ming.", "Beijing Esen thought the emperor was more valuable than dead.", "The siege to Beijing failed.", "The emperor rejected Esen's offer to marry his sister.", "The situation was turned around by the garrison led by Yu Qian.", "The forces were told to pretend that they had lost control of the city gate in order to lure horsemen into the city.", "The gate was shut when a large portion of the force was inside.", "The brother of Esen was killed in the attack.", "After failing to take the city, Esen was forced to retreat under pressure from his own troops.", "Under the rule of the Ming, Esen and Taisun Khan tried to attack Manchuria and East Siberia, but were defeated.", "The emperor was elevated to the throne.", "The emperor was sent back in 1450 by Esen.", "Since the Mongol economy relied on trade with the Ming dynasty, Esen was obligated to reopen negotiations.", "During the Tumu Crisis, Esen was forced to accept less favorable terms in order to resume trade with the Ming.", "The Northern Yuan had a relationship with the Ming for a while.", "The heir to the throne was at the center of a dispute between Taisun Khan and Esen Taishi.", "Esen wanted a son of his sister to be Taisun Khan's heir, but Taisun nominated another son of the eastern Mongol khatun.", "Taisun Khan led his own forces against Esen, but they were outnumbered by Oirat loyalists and he was killed by eastern tribesmen as he attempted to retreat.", "Taisun Khan's brother Agbarjin jinong, who married Esen's daughter Tsetseg, deserted to the Oirats and was promised the title of khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty.", "He was murdered at a feast that he had been invited to.", "Esen tried to kill the baby of Agbarjin's son, but Samur Gunj hid the prince who was a descendant of Dayan Khan.", "The title of Great Khan of the Great Yuan was taken by Esen eighteen months after his defeat of Taisun Khan.", "The Oirats launched an invasion against several countries.", "The reaction of Esen's fellow Mongols, Oirat and otherwise, ranged from disapproving to enraged, despite the fact that the Ming emperor was among the first to acknowledge the new title.", "It was unlikely that Esen would have been eligible for election as Khan if he had been related to the royal line.", "Rather than the title of khan falling automatically to the eldest eligible male of the line, the members of a lineage voted to choose the title's successor from among themselves.", "There was an open revolt against Esen.", "Esen gave his son Amasanj the title of taishi, an action that led his powerful general Alag, who had expected to receive the title himself, into rebellion.", "In 1455, a year after Esen assumed the title of khan, Oirat leaders joined the rebellion against him.", "After his death, the Oirat no longer held sway over Mongolia, which had been under their control through Esen's influence for many years.", "The Zunghar rulers thought of themselves as descendants of Esen TaiShi.", "There is a list of khans of the Northern Yuan dynasty.", "The year 1998.", "The Cambridge History of China is divided into two parts.", "Cambridge University Press.", "pp.", "There is a print on the internet.", "The article was published on 2 November 2005.", "The publication year for Robert David was unknown.", "There is a great teacher of Buddhism and the martial arts.", "van der Kuijp is Leonard W.J.", "The year 1993", "Jambhala was an imperial envoy to Tibet.", "The Journal of the American Oriental Society.", "The 15th-century Chinese monarchs Year of birth is unknown." ]

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[ "Stephen Wolf Previn (born Wolf Stefan Priwin; 21 October 1925 – 9 July 1993) was a German-born American director of television episodes and feature films and film production executive.", "Previn began his film career in 1943 as an editor for MGM and later Universal Studios.", "In 1950, he moved to Europe.", "Previn directed numerous television series, and a decade later, directed several features for Walt Disney in Europe.", "In 1965 he went to work for Eon Productions in London as a television executive and in 1966 joined Paramount London as a film executive.", "In 1970 he segued to Commonwealth United Entertainment, Inc., as a production executive and also freelanced in Europe on several films.", "While living in London, Previn, in the 1970s, served as the English Representative and Production Executive for American International Pictures.", "He was the brother of musician André Previn and second cousin once-removed of American-born film composer Charles Previn.", "Steve Previn (then known as Wolf Priwin) steamed aboard the SS Hamburg from Hamburg, Germany to New York from January 16, 1936, to January 24, 1936, to join a family friend in New York, Rudolph Polk (1895–1957), a concert violinist who, at the time, lived at 35 West 81st Street in Manhattan.", "Steve's immediate family — Jacob, Charlotte (Steve's mother, née Epstein; 1893–1996), Leonore (Steve's sister; 1923–1959; husband – Sidney Saul Young; 1912–1987), and Andreas Priwin — steamed aboard the SS Manhattan from Le Havre, France to New York City, arriving October 27, 1938.", "Jacob Priwin listed his cousin, Leo Previn (1884–1954) (who lived on the Upper West Side in Manhattan), as his U.S. contact.", "Charlotte, Andreas, and Leonore then sailed from New York to Los Angeles from November 26, 1938, to December 11, 1938, aboard the SS City of Newport News.", "In Los Angeles, Jack Previn turned a hobby as a musician into a career as a music teacher.", "Steve Previn was married to Elizabeth Previn.", "They had a son, Nicholas Previn.", "References General references International Motion Picture Almanac, 1975 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1975)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1976 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1976)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1977 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1977)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1978 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1978)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1979 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1979)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1980 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1980)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1981 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1981)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1982 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1982)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1984 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1984)\n International Motion Picture Almanac, 1986 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York (1986)Inline citations'\n\nAmerican television directors\nAmerican people of German-Jewish descent\n1925 births\n1993 deaths\nPrevin family\nGerman emigrants to the United States" ]

[ "Stephen Wolf Previn was a German-born American director of television episodes and feature films.", "Previn began his film career as an editor.", "He moved to Europe in 1950.", "Previn directed several features for Disney in Europe.", "In 1966 he joined Paramount London as a film executive after working as a television executive.", "He was a production executive at Commonwealth United Entertainment, Inc., and also worked in Europe on several films.", "Previn was the English Representative and Production Executive for American International Pictures.", "He was the second cousin of American-born film composer Charles Previn.", "Steve Previn sailed from Germany to New York on January 16, 1936, to join a family friend in New York, Rudolph Polk.", "Jacob, Charlotte, Leonore, and Andreas Priwin are Steve's immediate family.", "Jacob Priwin listed his cousin, who lived on the Upper West Side in Manhattan, as his U.S. contact.", "Charlotte, Andreas, and Leonore sailed from New York to Los Angeles from November 26, 1938 to December 11, 1938.", "Jack Previn turned a hobby as a musician into a career as a music teacher in Los Angeles.", "Elizabeth Previn was married to Steve Previn.", "Nicholas Previn was their son.", "International Motion Picture Almanac, 1975 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York, 1976 edition, Quigley Publishing Co., New York, 1977 edition, International Motion Picture Almanac, 1978 edition." ]

[ "Stephen Wolf Previn", "Previn", "Previn", "André Previn", "Charles Previn", "Steve Previn", "Steve", "Steve", "Steve", "Leo Previn", "Jack Previn", "Steve Previn", "Elizabeth Previn", "Nicholas Previn" ]

[ "Stephen Wolf Previn", "Previn", "Previn", "Charles Previn", "Steve Previn", "Steve", "Jack Previn", "Elizabeth Previn", "Steve Previn", "Nicholas Previn" ]

[ "Luis Alberto Scola Balvoa (born April 30, 1980) is an Argentine former professional basketball player who currently serves as the Amministratore delegato for the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) team Pallacanestro Varese.", "A three-time All-EuroLeague selection with Tau Ceramica, he signed with the Houston Rockets in 2007, and was voted to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.", "Later on, he played for the Phoenix Suns, Indiana Pacers, Toronto Raptors and Brooklyn Nets.", "Scola has been a regular member of the Argentina national basketball team since 1999, winning an Olympic gold team medal in 2004 and a bronze team medal in the 2008 Summer Olympics.", "In 2010 Scola won the Konex Award Merit Diploma as one of the five best basketball players from the last decade in Argentina.", "He also play for the Los Angeles lakers with a 10 days contracts.", "He was honored as the national flag bearer at the 2016 Summer Olympics.", "Professional career\n\nFerro Carril Oeste (1995–1998)\nScola started his career with the Buenos Aires youth teams of Ferro Carril Oeste.", "He made his professional debut with the same club's pro team in the Argentine league during the 1995–96 season, at the age of 15.", "Gijón (1998–2000)\nAfter the 1997–98 basketball season in the Argentine League, Scola moved to Spain and signed with Saski Baskonia.", "He was loaned to Gijón Baloncesto, where he helped the then Spanish League Second Division club achieve promotion to the Spanish League First Division.", "He then was loaned back to Gijón through the 1999–2000 season, before arriving at Baskonia, where he played for seven seasons.", "Baskonia (2000–2007)\nWith Saski Baskonia, Scola reached the EuroLeague Finals in the 2000–01 season, and three consecutive EuroLeague Final Fours, between 2005 and 2007.", "His outstanding performances earned him an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2005, as well as two All-EuroLeague First Team selections in 2006 and 2007.", "Although Scola did not win the EuroLeague championship with Baskonia, he did win with them every major Spanish League title, winning a Spanish ACB League championship in 2002, three Spanish King's Cups in 2002, 2004, 2006, and three Spanish Supercups in 2005, 2006, 2007.", "Houston Rockets (2007–2012) \nIn the summer of 2005, the San Antonio Spurs of the NBA (who drafted Scola in 2002), attempted to negotiate with Baskonia to buy out his contract.", "The teams settled on a number of over $3 million for the buyout of the contract.", "This made it difficult for Scola to join fellow Argentina national team member Manu Ginóbili in San Antonio, because of the NBA's rule which limits teams to paying no more than $500,000 of a player's buyout.", "Scola would have been responsible for paying Baskonia the remaining $2.5 million amount of the buyout.", "When the deal to buy out Scola's contract fell through, the Spurs instead signed an Argentine national team teammate and friend of Scola's, Fabricio Oberto.", "On July 12, 2007, the Spurs traded the rights to Scola, along with center-forward Jackie Butler, to the Houston Rockets, in return for Vassilis Spanoulis, a future second-round draft pick, and cash considerations.", "He signed with the Rockets soon after and his US$3.2 million buyout was completed a few days later.", "Scola signed a three-year contract with the Rockets, at a salary of $9.5 million.", "Scola placed third in the NBA 2007–08 Rookie of the Year Award voting and he was also named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.", "On March 13, 2010, he scored a career-high 44 points against the New Jersey Nets.", "On the afternoon of December 8, 2011, the day before the 2011 NBA lockout ended and players could move between teams, the Rockets, the Los Angeles Lakers and the New Orleans Hornets agreed to a trade that would have sent Scola, along with Goran Dragić, Kevin Martin, and Lamar Odom to the Hornets.", "In exchange, the Rockets would have received Pau Gasol, and the Lakers would have received star point guard Chris Paul.", "That night, after other team owners voiced their opposition, league commissioner David Stern nullified the trade.", "On July 13, 2012, he was waived by the Rockets using the league's amnesty clause to provide salary cap relief.", "It was widely noted, however, that Scola was not cut due to a lack of performance; rather, the deal was an attempt to clear cap space for the Rockets to trade for former Orlando Magic All-Star center Dwight Howard.", "Howard was instead traded to the Los Angeles Lakers, but the Rockets used their cap space to gain former Oklahoma City Thunder Sixth Man of the Year shooting guard and Olympic gold medalist James Harden.", "Phoenix Suns (2012–2013)\n\nOn July 15, 2012, Scola was claimed off amnesty waivers by the Phoenix Suns.", "Reportedly, the Dallas Mavericks and the Cleveland Cavaliers were also interested in acquiring him during the amnesty process.", "On November 21, 2012, he was relegated to playing off the bench for the first time in his NBA career since the start of his rookie season.", "He regained his starting spot less than a month later, and on December 29, he scored a season-high 33 points against the Minnesota Timberwolves.", "While Scola did become a leader for the Suns, he finished the season with declining averages, as his 12.8 points per game were his lowest since the 2008–09 season.", "Indiana Pacers (2013–2015)\nOn July 27, 2013, the Suns traded Scola to the Indiana Pacers in exchange for Gerald Green, Miles Plumlee, and a future second round draft pick.", "In his two seasons for the Pacers, he played a back-up power forward role to David West as he started just 18 games over his two-year stint.", "Toronto Raptors (2015–2016)\nOn July 15, 2015, Scola signed with the Toronto Raptors.", "He made his debut for the Raptors in their season opener on October 28, recording eight rebounds while taking no field goal attempts in a 106–99 win over the Indiana Pacers.", "He helped the Raptors make the Eastern Conference Finals in 2016 for the first time in franchise history.", "Brooklyn Nets (2016–2017)\nOn July 13, 2016, Scola signed with the Brooklyn Nets.", "He made his debut for the Nets in their season opener on October 26, scoring eight points in a 122–117 loss to the Boston Celtics.", "On February 27, 2017, he was waived by the Nets.", "Shanxi Brave Dragons (2017–2018)\nOn July 9, 2017, Scola signed with the Shanxi Brave Dragons of the Chinese Basketball Association.", "Shanghai Sharks (2018–2019)\nOn August 10, 2018, Scola signed with the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association.", "Olimpia Milano (2019–2020)\nOn 29 September 2019, Olimpia Milano head coach, Ettore Messina, during the press conference of the 2nd round match of the 2019–20 LBA season lost against Germani Basket Brescia, announced that Scola had signed with the team for the rest of season.", "On 11 June 2020, Scola left Olimpia Milano.", "Varese (2020–2021) \nOn 1 July 2020, Scola announced that he would play at least one year more before retirement and signed with Pallacanestro Varese of the LBA for the 2020–21 season with an option to extend for the next year.", "Post-playing career\nOn September 20, 2021, Pallacanestro Varese announced that Scola would re-join them as Chief executive officer.", "National team career\n\nJunior national team\n\nWith Argentina's junior national teams, Scola won the gold medal at the 1995 South American Cadet Championship, the gold medal at the 1996 South American Junior Championship, the gold medal at the 2000 FIBA Americas Under-20 Championship, and the bronze medal at the 2001 FIBA Under-21 World Cup.", "Senior national team\nAs a member of the senior Argentina national team, Scola has won multiple medals: the silver medal at the 1999 South American Championship, the bronze medal at the 1999 FIBA Americas Championship, the gold medal at the 2001 FIBA Americas Championship, the silver medal at the 2002 FIBA World Championship, the silver medal at the 2003 FIBA Americas Championship, the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, the silver medal at the 2007 FIBA Americas Championship, the bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics, the bronze medal at the 2009 FIBA Americas Championship, the gold medal at the 2011 FIBA Americas Championship and the bronze medal at the 2013 FIBA Americas Championship among other titles.", "At the 2015 FIBA Americas Championship tournament, Scola became the all-time leading scorer in FIBA AmeriCup history, and won his 4th tournament MVP.", "Scola broke two records of the Argentina national team at the FIBA World Cup, during the 2010 edition: top overall scorer for Argentina at a World Cup (beating Ernesto Gehrmann's 331 points) and most points scored for Argentina in one game at a World Cup (scoring 37 against Brazil in the round of 16, therefore beating Alberto Desimone's 35 points scored against Mexico in 1963).", "In 2019, at 39 years old, he was part of the team that won the gold medal at the Pan American Games.", "At the 2019 FIBA World Cup, he scored 135 points and 57 rebounds in the seven matches en route to the final.", "Scola scored 23 points against Nigeria in a preliminary round of the 2019 World Cup game at Wuhan, giving him a total of 611 points in his World Cup career.", "With this Scola passed Andrew Gaze's total of 594, and is now second only to Brazilian scoring great Oscar Schmidt's 906 points in the tournament.", "Scola scored a team high 23 points in a loss to Slovenia in the preliminary round of the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.", "Play was paused during Scola's final game at the 2020 Summer Olympics, when his Argentinian team was playing Australia.", "With less than a minute left in the game Scola was checked out and players from both teams, coaches and those in the stadium gave him a standing ovation out of respect.", "The referee's allowed this pause in the game as they understood the importance of the occasion.", "He also holds a Spanish passport.", "In July 18, 2017, Scola was named as an ambassador for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires." ]

[ "Luis Scola Balvoa is an Argentine former professional basketball player who currently serves as the Amministratore delegato for the Pallacanestro Varese.", "He was a three-time All-EuroLeague selection and was voted to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.", "He played for the Phoenix Suns, Indiana Pacers, Toronto Raptors and Brooklyn Nets.", "Scola won an Olympic gold team medal in 2004 and a bronze team medal in the 2008 Summer Olympics as a member of the Argentina national basketball team.", "The Konex Award Merit Diploma was won by Scola in 2010 as one of the best basketball players in Argentina.", "He has a 10 day contract with the Los Angeles lakers.", "He was the national flag bearer at the Olympics.", "Scola started his career with the youth teams of Ferro Carril Oeste.", "He made his professional debut at the age of 15 for the same club in the Argentine league.", "Scola moved to Spain after the 1997–98 basketball season in the Argentine League.", "He helped Gijn Baloncesto get promoted to the Spanish League First Division.", "He played for seven seasons at Baskonia before returning to Gijn.", "Scola reached the EuroLeague Finals in the 2000–01) season, and three consecutive EuroLeague Final Fours, between 2005 and 2007.", "He was an All-EuroLeague Second Team selection in 2005, as well as two All-EuroLeague First Team selections in 2006 and 2007.", "Baskonia did not win the EuroLeague championship, but Scola did win with them every major Spanish League title, winning a Spanish ACB League championship in 2002, three Spanish King's Cups in 2004, 2006 and 2007, and three Spanish Supercups in 2005, 2006 and 2007.", "The San Antonio Spurs tried to buy out Scola's contract in the summer of 2005.", "The teams settled on a lot of money for the out of contract.", "The NBA's rule that limits teams to paying no more than $500,000 of a player's buyout made it difficult for Scola to join the Argentina national team in San Antonio.", "Scola would have been responsible for paying Baskonia the rest of the money.", "The Spurs signed an Argentine national team teammate and friend of Scola's, Fabricio Oberto, when the deal to buy out Scola's contract fell through.", "On July 12, 2007, the Spurs traded the rights to Scola and other players to the Houston Rockets in exchange for a future second-round draft pick and cash considerations.", "His US$3.2 million buyout was completed a few days after he joined the Astros.", "Scola signed a three-year contract with the Houston.", "In addition, Scola was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.", "He scored a career-high 44 points against the New Jersey Nets.", "The Los Angeles Lakers and New Orleans Hornets agreed to a trade that would have sent Luis Scola, Goran Dragi, Kevin Martin, and Lamar Odo to the Houston Astros on December 8, 2011.", "Chris Paul would have been given to the Lakers in exchange for Pau Gasol.", "The trade was nullified after other team owners voiced their opposition.", "He was released by the Rockets on July 13, 2012 in order to provide salary cap relief.", "The fact that Scola was not cut due to a lack of performance was not widely known.", "Howard was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers, but the Houston Rockets used their cap space to get James Harden.", "Scola was claimed off waivers by the Phoenix Suns.", "The Dallas Mavericks and the Cleveland Cavaliers were interested in acquiring him.", "He was demoted to the bench on November 21, 2012 for the first time in his NBA career.", "He scored a season-high 33 points against the Minnesota Timberwolves on December 29th, less than a month after he regained his starting spot.", "While Scola did become a leader for the Suns, he finished the season with declining averages, as his 12.8 points per game were his lowest since the 2008–09 season.", "The Suns traded Scola to the Pacers in exchange for Gerald Green, Miles Plumlee, and a future second round draft pick.", "He played a back-up power forward role to David West in his two seasons with the Pacers.", "On July 15, 2015, Scola joined the Toronto Raptors.", "He made his debut for the Raptors in their season opener on October 28, recording eight rebound while taking no field goal attempts in a 106–99 win over the Indiana Pacers.", "The Raptors made the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time in franchise history thanks to him.", "On July 13, 2016 Scola joined the Brooklyn Nets.", "He made his debut for the Nets in their season opener on October 26, scoring eight points in a 122–117 loss to the Boston Celtics.", "He was not retained by the Nets.", "On July 9, 2017, Scola signed with the Chinese Basketball Association.", "Scola signed with the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association.", "During the press conference of the 2nd round match of the LBA season lost against Germani Basket Brescia, the head coach, Ettore Messina, announced that Scola had signed with the team for the rest of the season.", "Scola left Olimpia Milano on June 11, 2020.", "Scola signed with Pallacanestro Varese of the LBA for the 2020–21 season with an option to extend for the next year, after he announced that he would play at least one year more before retirement.", "On September 20, 2021, Pallacanestro Varese announced that Scola would be rejoining them as chief executive officer.", "At the 1995 South American Cadet Championship, Scola won the gold medal, the gold medal at the 1996 South American Junior Championship, the gold medal at the 2000 Americas Under-20 Championship, and the bronze medal at the 2001 FIBA Americas Under-20 Championship.", "The silver medal at the 1999 South American Championship is one of the medals that Scola has won.", "At the 2015 FIBA Americas Championship tournament, Scola became the all-time leading scorer in the history of the tournament.", "The top scorer for Argentina at the World Cup was Scola, who scored 331 points, and the most points scored by Argentina at a World Cup was 37 against Brazil.", "He was part of the team that won the gold medal at the Pan American Games.", "He scored 135 points and 57 rebound in seven matches at the World Cup.", "Scola scored 23 points against Nigeria in the preliminary round of the World Cup, giving him a total of 611 points in his World Cup career.", "Scola passed Andrew Gaze's total of 594 and is now second in the tournament with 905 points, just 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020", "In the preliminary round of the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo, Scola scored a team high 23 points.", "During Scola's final game at the 2020 Summer Olympics, play was paused when his team was playing Australia.", "With less than a minute left in the game, Scola was checked out and players from both teams, coaches and those in the stadium gave him a standing ovation out of respect.", "As they understood the importance of the occasion, the referee's allowed this pause in the game.", "He has a Spanish passport.", "In July of last year, Scola was named as an ambassador for the Summer Youth Olympics." ]

[ "Luis Alberto Scola Balvoa", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola", "Scola" ]

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[ "Stephen Grossberg (born December 31, 1939) is a cognitive scientist, theoretical and computational psychologist, neuroscientist, mathematician, biomedical engineer, and neuromorphic technologist.", "He is the Wang Professor of Cognitive and Neural Systems and a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics & Statistics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering at Boston University.", "Career\n\nEarly life and education \nGrossberg first lived in Woodside, Queens, in New York City.", "His father died from Hodgkin's lymphoma when he was one year old.", "He moved with his mother and older brother, Mitchell, to Jackson Heights, Queens.", "He then attend Stuyvesant High School in lower Manhattan after passing its competitive entrance exam.", "He graduated first in his class from Stuyvesant in 1957.", "He began undergraduate studies at Dartmouth College in 1957, where he first conceived of the paradigm of using nonlinear differential equations to describe neural networks that model brain dynamics, as well as the basic equations that many scientists use for this purpose today.", "He then continued to study both psychology and neuroscience.", "He received a B.A.", "in 1961 from Dartmouth as its first joint major in mathematics and psychology.", "Grossberg then went to Stanford University, from which he graduated in 1964 with an MS in mathematics and transferred to The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (now The Rockefeller University) in Manhattan.", "Grossberg received a PhD in mathematics from Rockefeller in 1967 for a thesis that proved the first global content addressable memory theorems about the neural learning models that he had discovered at Dartmouth.", "His PhD thesis advisor was Gian-Carlo Rota.", "Entering academia \nGrossberg was hired as an assistant professor of applied mathematics at MIT following strong recommendations from Kac and Rota.", "In 1969, Grossberg was promoted to associate professor after publishing a stream of conceptual and mathematical results about many aspects of neural networks.", "Upon not getting tenure at MIT, Grossberg was hired as a full professor at Boston University in 1975, where he is still on the faculty today.", "While at Boston University, he founded the Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, several interdisciplinary research centers, and various international institutions.", "Research\nGrossberg is a founder of the fields of computational neuroscience, connectionist cognitive science, and neuromorphic technology.", "His work focuses upon the design principles and mechanisms that enable the behavior of individuals, or machines, to adapt autonomously in real time to unexpected environmental challenges.", "This research has included neural models of vision and image processing; object, scene, and event learning, pattern recognition, and search; audition, speech and language; cognitive information processing and planning; reinforcement learning and cognitive-emotional interactions; autonomous navigation; adaptive sensory-motor control and robotics; self-organizing neurodynamics; and mental disorders.", "Grossberg also collaborates with experimentalists to design experiments that test theoretical predictions and fill in conceptually important gaps in the experimental literature, carries out analyses of the mathematical dynamics of neural systems, and transfers biological neural models to applications in engineering and technology.", "He has published seventeen books or journal special issues, over 500 research articles, and has seven patents.", "Grossberg has studied how brains give rise to minds since he took the introductory psychology course as a freshman at Dartmouth College in 1957.", "At that time, Grossberg introduced the paradigm of using nonlinear systems of differential equations to show how brain mechanisms can give rise to behavioral functions.", "This paradigm is helping to solve the classical mind/body problem, and is the basic mathematical formalism that is used in biological neural network research today.", "In particular, in 1957–1958, Grossberg discovered widely used equations for (1) short-term memory (STM), or neuronal activation (often called the Additive and Shunting models, or the Hopfield model after John Hopfield's 1984 application of the Additive model equation); (2) medium-term memory (MTM), or activity-dependent habituation (often called habituative transmitter gates, or depressing synapses after Larry Abbott's 1997 introduction of this term); and (3) long-term memory (LTM), or neuronal learning (often called gated steepest descent learning).", "One variant of these learning equations, called Instar Learning, was introduced by Grossberg in 1976 into Adaptive Resonance Theory and Self-Organizing Maps for the learning of adaptive filters in these models.", "This learning equation was also used by Kohonen in his applications of Self-Organizing Maps starting in 1984.", "Another variant of these learning equations, called Outstar Learning, was used by Grossberg starting in 1967 for spatial pattern learning.", "Outstar and Instar learning were combined by Grossberg in 1976 in a three-layer network for the learning of multi-dimensional maps from any m-dimensional input space to any n-dimensional output space.", "This application was called Counter-propagation by Hecht-Nielsen in 1987.", "Building on his 1964 Rockefeller PhD thesis, in the 1960s and 1970s, Grossberg generalized the Additive and Shunting models to a class of dynamical systems that included these models as well as non-neural biological models, and proved content addressable memory theorems for this more general class of models.", "As part of this analysis, he introduced a Liapunov functional method to help classify the limiting and oscillatory dynamics of competitive systems by keeping track of which population is winning through time.", "This Liapunov method led him and Michael Cohen to discover in 1981 and publish in 1982 and 1983 a Liapunov function that they used to prove that global limits exist in a class of dynamical systems with symmetric interaction coefficients that includes the Additive and Shunting models.", "John Hopfield published this Liapunov function for the Additive model in 1984.", "Most scientists started to call Hopfield's contribution the Hopfield model.", "In 1987, Bart Kosko adapted the Cohen-Grossberg model and Liapunov function, which proved global convergence of STM, to define an Adaptive Bidirectional Associative Memory that combines STM and LTM and which also globally converges to a limit.", "Grossberg has introduced, and developed with his colleagues, fundamental concepts, mechanisms, models, and architectures across a wide spectrum of topics about brain and behavior.", "He has collaborated with over 100 PhD students and postdoctoral fellows.", "In 1981, he founded the Center for Adaptive Systems at Boston University and remains its Director.", "In 1991, he founded the Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems at Boston University and served as its chairman until 2007.", "In 2004, he founded the NSF Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology (CELEST) and served as its Director until 2009.", "All of these institutions were aimed at answering two related questions: i) How does the brain control behavior?", "ii) How can technology emulate biological intelligence?", "In addition, Grossberg founded and was first President of the International Neural Network Society (INNS), which grew to 3700 members from 49 states of the United States and 38 countries during the fourteen months of his presidency.", "The formation of INNS soon led to the formation of the European Neural Network Society (ENNS) and the Japanese Neural Network Society (JNNS).", "Grossberg also founded the INNS official journal, and was its Editor-in-Chief from 1988 - 2010.", "Neural Networks is also the archival journal of ENNS and JNNS.", "Grossberg's lecture series at MIT Lincoln Laboratory triggered the national DARPA Neural Network Study in 1987–88, which led to heightened government interest in neural network research.", "He was General Chairman of the first IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN) in 1987 and played a key role in organizing the first INNS annual meeting in 1988, whose fusion in 1989 led to the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), which remains the largest annual meeting devoted to neural network research.", "Grossberg has also organized and chaired the annual International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems (ICCNS) since 1997, as well as many other conferences in the neural networks field.", "Grossberg has served on the editorial board of 30 journals, including Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Cognitive Brain Research, Cognitive Science, Neural Computation, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, IEEE Expert, and the International Journal of Humanoid Robotics.", "Awards\nAwards granted to Grossberg:\n 1991 IEEE Neural Network Pioneer Award\n 1992 INNS Leadership Award\n 1992 Boston Computer Society Thinking Technology Award\n 2000 Information Science Award of the Association for Intelligent Machinery\n 2002 Charles River Laboratories prize of the Society for Behavioral Toxicology\n 2003 INNS Helmholtz Award.", "Memberships:\n 1990 member of the Memory Disorders Research Society\n 1994 Fellow of the American Psychological Association\n 1996 Fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists\n 2002 Fellow of the American Psychological Society\n 2005 IEEE Fellow\n 2008 Inaugural Fellow of the American Educational Research Association\n 2011 INNS Fellow\n\nGrossberg received the 2015 Norman Anderson Lifetime Achievement Award of the Society of Experimental Psychologists \"for his pioneering theoretical research on how brains give rise to minds and his foundational contributions to computational neuroscience and connectionist cognitive science\".", "His acceptance speech can be found here.", "He received the 2017 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Frank Rosenblatt Award with the following citation: \"For contributions to understanding brain cognition and behavior and their emulation by technology\".", "He won the 2019 Donald O. Hebb award from the International Neural Network Society which is given \"for outstanding achievements in biological learning\".", "ART theory\nWith Gail Carpenter, Grossberg developed the adaptive resonance theory (ART).", "ART is a cognitive and neural theory of how the brain can quickly learn, and stably remember and recognize, objects and events in a changing world.", "ART proposed a solution of the stability-plasticity dilemma; namely, how a brain or machine can learn quickly about new objects and events without just as quickly being forced to forget previously learned, but still useful, memories.", "ART predicts how learned top-down expectations focus attention on expected combinations of features, leading to a synchronous resonance that can drive fast learning.", "ART also predicts how large enough mismatches between bottom-up feature patterns and top-down expectations can drive a memory search, or hypothesis testing, for recognition categories with which to better learn to classify the world.", "ART thus defines a type of self-organizing production system.", "ART was practically demonstrated through the ART family of classifiers (e.g., ART 1, ART 2, ART 2A, ART 3, ARTMAP, fuzzy ARTMAP, ART eMAP, distributed ARTMAP), developed with Gail Carpenter, which has been used in large-scale applications in engineering and technology where fast, yet stable, incrementally learned classification and prediction are needed.", "New computational paradigms\nGrossberg has introduced and led the development of two computational paradigms that are relevant to biological intelligence and its applications:\n\nComplementary Computing\n\nWhat is the nature of brain specialization?", "Many scientists have proposed that our brains possess independent modules, as in a digital computer.", "The brain's organization into distinct anatomical areas and processing streams shows that brain processing is indeed specialized.", "However, independent modules should be able to fully compute their particular processes on their own.", "Much behavioral data argue against this possibility.", "Complementary Computing (Grossberg, 2000, 2012) concerns the discovery that pairs of parallel cortical processing streams compute complementary properties in the brain.", "Each stream has complementary computational strengths and weaknesses, much as in physical principles like the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.", "Each cortical stream can also possess multiple processing stages.", "These stages realize a hierarchical resolution of uncertainty.", "\"Uncertainty\" here means that computing one set of properties at a given stage prevents computation of a complementary set of properties at that stage.", "Complementary Computing proposes that the computational unit of brain processing that has behavioral significance consists of parallel interactions between complementary cortical processing streams with multiple processing stages to compute complete information about a particular type of biological intelligence.", "Laminar Computing\n\nThe cerebral cortex, the seat of higher intelligence in all modalities, is organized into layered circuits (often six main layers) that undergo characteristic bottom-up, top-down, and horizontal interactions.", "How do specializations of this shared laminar design embody different types of biological intelligence, including vision, speech and language, and cognition?", "Laminar Computing proposes how this can happen (Grossberg, 1999, 2012).", "Laminar Computing explains how the laminar design of neocortex may realize the best properties of feedforward and feedback processing, digital and analog processing, and bottom-up data-driven processing and top-down attentive hypothesis-driven processing.", "Embodying such designs into VLSI chips promises to enable the development of increasingly general-purpose adaptive autonomous algorithms for multiple applications.", "See also\n Grossberg network\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial profile at Boston University\n\nStuyvesant High School alumni\nBoston University faculty\nCognitive scientists\nComputational psychologists\nStanford University alumni\nDartmouth College alumni\nRockefeller University alumni\nFellows of the Society of Experimental Psychologists\nLiving people\n1939 births\nAmerican scientists\nPeople from Jackson Heights, Queens\nPeople from Woodside, Queens" ]

[ "Stephen Grossberg was born on December 31, 1939.", "He is the Wang Professor of Cognitive and Neural Systems at Boston University.", "In New York City, Grossberg lived in Queens.", "He was one year old when his father died.", "He moved with his family to Queens.", "He attended Stuyvesant High School after passing the entrance exam.", "He graduated first in his class.", "He first came up with the idea of using differential equations to describe neural networks that model brain dynamics when he was a student at Dartmouth College.", "He continued to study neuroscience and psychology.", "He received a degree.", "It was the first joint major in mathematics and psychology.", "The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in Manhattan was where Grossberg got his masters degree in mathematics from in 1964.", "In 1967, Grossberg received a PhD in mathematics from Rockefeller for a thesis that proved the first global content addressable memory theorems.", "He had a PhD thesis advisor.", "After entering academia, Grossberg was hired as an assistant professor of applied mathematics at MIT.", "Grossberg was promoted to associate professor in 1969 after publishing a stream of conceptual and mathematical results.", "After not getting tenure at MIT, Grossberg was hired as a full professor at Boston University in 1975, where he is still today.", "He founded the Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems at Boston University.", "Computational neuroscience, connectionist cognitive science, and neuromorphic technology are some of the fields pioneered by Research Grossberg.", "The design principles and mechanisms that enable the behavior of individuals and machines to adapt autonomously in real time are the focus of his work.", "Neural models of vision and image processing, object, scene, and event learning, pattern recognition, and search have been included in this research.", "Experiments that test theoretical predictions, analyses of the mathematical dynamics of neural systems, and transfers biological neural models to applications in engineering and technology are all carried out by Grossberg.", "Over 500 research articles, seventeen books and seven patents have been published by him.", "Since taking the introductory psychology course as a freshman at Dartmouth College, Grossberg has studied how brains give rise to minds.", "The paradigm of using differential equations to show how brain mechanisms can give rise to behavioral functions was introduced by Grossberg.", "This paradigm is helping to solve the classical mind/body problem, and is the basic mathematical formalism that is used in biological neural network research today.", "After John Hopfield's 1984 application of the Additive model equation, Grossberg discovered widely used equations for short-term memory.", "Instar Learning is a variant of the learning equations introduced by Grossberg in 1976.", "The learning equation was used in the applications of Self-Organizing Maps.", "Outstar Learning was used by Grossberg for spatial pattern learning.", "Outstar and Instar learning were combined in 1976 in a three-layer network for learning multi-dimensional maps from any m-dimensional input space to any n-dimensional output space.", "The application was called Counter-propagation.", "In the 1960s and 1970s, Grossberg generalized the Additive and Shunting models to a class of dynamical systems that included these models as well as non-neural biological models.", "He introduced a Liapunov functional method to help classify the limiting and oscillatory dynamics of competitive systems by keeping track of which population is winning through time.", "He and Michael Cohen discovered in 1981 and 1983 that global limits exist in a class of dynamical systems with symmetric interaction coefficients that includes the Additive and Shunting models.", "The Liapunov function was published by John Hopfield.", "The Hopfield model was called the contribution by most scientists.", "In 1987, Bart Kosko adapted the Cohen-Grossberg model and Liapunov function, which proved global convergence of the two models, to define an adaptive bidirectional memory that combines the two models and also globally converges to a limit.", "Grossberg has introduced, and developed with his colleagues, fundamental concepts, mechanisms, models, and architectures across a wide spectrum of topics about brain and behavior.", "Over 100 PhD students have collaborated with him.", "He founded the Center for adaptive systems at Boston University in 1981.", "He founded the Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems at Boston University in 1991.", "He was the Director of the Center ofExcellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology until 2009.", "All of these institutions were trying to answer two questions: How does the brain control behavior?", "Is technology capable of emulating biological intelligence?", "The International Neural Network Society grew to 3700 members from 49 states of the United States and 38 countries during Grossberg's presidency.", "The European Neural Network Society and the Japanese Neural Network Society were formed after the formation of INNS.", "The INNS official journal was founded by Grossberg.", "Neural Networks is an archival journal.", "The national Neural Network Study was triggered by Grossberg's lecture series at MIT Lincoln Laboratory.", "He played a key role in organizing the first INNS annual meeting in 1988, whose fusion in 1989 led to the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, which is the largest annual meeting devoted to Neural Networks.", "The annual International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems (ICCNS) has been chaired by Grossberg since 1997.", "The Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Cognitive Brain Research, Cognitive Science, Neural Computation, and the International Journal of Humanoid Robotics are some of the journals Grossberg has served on.", "Awards were given to Grossberg in the fields of Neural Network Pioneer Award, INNS Leadership Award, Boston Computer Society Thinking Technology Award, and Information Science Award of the Association for Intelligent Machinery.", "Member of the Memory Disorders Research Society, 1994 Fellow of the American Psychological Association, 1996 Fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists, 2002 Fellow of the American Psychological Society, and 2008 Inaugural Fellow of the American Educational Research Association.", "His acceptance speech can be found here.", "He received an award from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers for his contributions to understanding brain cognitive and behavior.", "The International Neural Network Society gives the Donald O. Hebb award for outstanding achievements in biological learning.", "The adaptive resonance theory was developed by Grossberg.", "ART is a theory of how the brain can learn and remember in a changing world.", "ART proposed a solution of the stability-plasticity dilemma, which is how a brain or machine can learn quickly about new objects and events without being forced to forget previously learned, but still useful, memories.", "ART predicts how learned top-down expectations focus attention on expected combinations of features, leading to a resonance that can drive fast learning.", "ART predicts how large mismatches between bottom-up feature patterns and top-down expectations can cause a memory search for recognition categories with which to better learn to classify the world.", "A self-organizing production system is defined by ART.", "The ART family of classifiers was developed with Gail Carpenter and has been used in large-scale applications.", "Grossberg has introduced and led the development of two computational paradigms that are relevant to biological intelligence and its applications.", "Many scientists think that our brains are like a digital computer's modules.", "The organization of the brain shows that it is specialized.", "Independent modules should be able to fully compute their processes on their own.", "Behavioral data disagrees with this possibility.", "There are pairs of parallel cortical processing streams that compute the same properties in the brain.", "Computational strengths and weaknesses are similar to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.", "Multiple processing stages can be found in each cortical stream.", "There is a resolution of uncertainty in these stages.", "Uncertainty means that computing one set of properties at a given stage prevents computation of another set of properties at that stage.", "The Computational unit of brain processing that has behavioral significance consists of parallel interactions between cortical processing streams with multiple processing stages to compute complete information about a specific type of biological intelligence.", "The cerebral cortex, the seat of higher intelligence, is organized into six main layers and undergoes characteristic bottom-up, top-down, and horizontal interactions.", "There are different types of intelligence, including vision, speech and language, and cognitive.", "How this can happen is proposed by Laminar Computing.", "The best properties of feed forward and feedback processing, digital and analog processing, bottom-up data-driven processing and top-down attentive hypothesis-driven processing can be realized by the laminar design of neocortex.", "Embodying such designs into VLSI chips promises to enable the development of increasingly general-purpose adaptive autonomously.", "There are External links to the Grossberg network." ]

[ "Stephen Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg" ]

[ "Stephen Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Research Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg", "Grossberg" ]

[ "Air Vice Marshal William Lloyd (Bill) Hely, CB, CBE, AFC (24 August 1909 – 20 May 1970) was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).", "He graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, in 1930 before transferring to the RAAF as a cadet pilot.", "Hely came to public attention in 1936–37, first when he crashed on a survey flight in the Northern Territory, and later when he undertook two successful missions to locate missing aircraft in the same vicinity.", "His rescue efforts earned him the Air Force Cross.", "After occupying staff positions during the early years of World War II, Hely was appointed Officer Commanding No.", "72 Wing in Dutch New Guinea in May 1944.", "Later that year he formed No.", "84 (Army Cooperation) Wing, commanding it during the Bougainville campaign until the end of the Pacific War.", "Hely spent the immediate post-war period on the staff of RAAF Headquarters, Melbourne.", "From 1951 to 1953 he served as Air Officer Commanding (AOC) Western Area Command in Perth, after which he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.", "He was Deputy Chief of the Air Staff from 1953 to 1956, AOC Training Command from 1956 to 1957, and Head of the Australian Joint Services Staff in Washington, D.C. from 1957 to 1960.", "He then served as Air Member for Personnel (AMP) for six years, his tenure coinciding with a significant increase in manpower to meet commitments in South East Asia and the demands of a major re-equipment program.", "Having been promoted acting air vice marshal in 1953 (substantive in 1956), he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1964 for his service as AMP.", "He retired from the Air Force in 1966 and made his home in Canberra, where he died in 1970 at the age of sixty.", "Early career\n\nThe third child of Prosper Frederick Hely, a storekeeper, and his wife Alice (née Lloyd), William Lloyd (Bill) Hely was born on 24 August 1909 at Wellington, New South Wales.", "He was educated to Intermediate Certificate level at Mudgee, Wollongong and Rozelle Public Schools, and at Fort Street High School, Petersham.", "Leaving school in 1926, he worked as a clerk and studied accountancy in his spare time.", "On 16 February 1927, Hely entered the Royal Military College, Duntroon, as one of four cadets sponsored that year by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), which did not yet have its own officer training college.", "He graduated as a lieutenant on 9 December 1930, and the following day enlisted in the RAAF.", "As well as the four graduates the Air Force had enrolled in 1927, budgetary constraints imposed during the Great Depression necessitated the transfer from Duntroon to Point Cook of eight other RAAF-sponsored cadets midway through their four-year course, including Alister Murdoch, Bill Garing and Douglas Candy.", "Initially ranked pilot officer, Hely commenced his flying training course at RAAF Point Cook, Victoria, on 15 January 1931, graduating on 10 December.", "His early postings as a pilot in 1932 and 1933 were to RAAF Station Richmond, New South Wales, and RAAF Station Laverton, Victoria.", "Qualifying in aerial photography, he served at Point Cook from 1933 to 1936.", "He was then transferred to No.", "3 Squadron at Richmond, receiving promotion to flight lieutenant.", "In April 1936, Hely took command of No.", "3 Squadron's North Australia Survey Flight, one of two such flights formed by the Air Force that month to carry out photographic surveys.", "Flying a twin-engined de Havilland Dragon Rapide (serial number A3-2), Hely departed Richmond on 11 April for Port Hedland, which was to be the flight's base for its initial survey work in Western Australia.", "Over the Northern Territory, between Newcastle Waters and Wave Hill, he became lost, ran out of fuel, and had to crash land.", "He and his crew of two were found by RAAF search aircraft ten days later, on 22 April.", "The Argus had reported that \"grave fears\" were held for their safety, but they were largely uninjured, Hely having suffered cuts and abrasions to his head and leg.", "The aircraft was badly damaged and had to be transported back to Richmond in pieces.", "In February 1937, Hely took part in the search for a missing Stinson airliner that was eventually found in the McPherson Range, Queensland, five of its seven passengers and crew dead.", "For its 1937 aerial survey program, the RAAF formed the Communications and Survey Flight under No.", "1 Aircraft Depot's Recruit Training Squadron at Laverton on 3 May.", "The flight was divided into Western and Eastern Air Detachments, the former under Hely.", "Flying a Tugan Gannet, Hely's first task became searching for survey director Sir Herbert Gepp, whose Rapide (A3-2, the same one Hely crash landed the previous year) had gone missing on an inspection flight in the Northern Territory between Tennant Creek and Tanimi.", "Hely located the downed Rapide on 23 May, guiding in a ground party that was able to clear a makeshift runway and allow Gepp and his team to take off and resume their journey.", "On 25 September, Hely was again diverted from survey work to search for a lost plane, this time the de Havilland Gipsy Moth of flying doctor Clyde Fenton, who had gone missing north-east of Newcastle Waters.", "Hely, once more piloting Rapide A3-2, found the Moth three days later and landed to rescue the lost doctor.", "Fenton was subsequently quoted as saying \"I have only the highest praise for the efficient manner in which Hely conducted a difficult search and the skilful way in which he located me and picked me up\".", "The rescue efforts made Hely one of the RAAF's best-known public figures.", "Completing his posting to the survey flight, he served as adjutant at Laverton in 1938.", "He was awarded the Air Force Cross on 9 June for \"zeal and initiative in searching for Sir Herbert Gepp's party and later for Dr. Fenton when lost in Central Australia\".", "On 29 November 1938, he married secretary Jean McDonald at St Aidan's Anglican Church in Launceston, Tasmania; the couple had two daughters.", "Hely spent the following year in Britain, attending the Royal Air Force Staff College, Andover, and was promoted to squadron leader in September.", "World War II\n\nAt the outbreak of World War II, Hely was attached to the operations room at RAF Coastal Command.", "On his return to Australia in January 1940, he was appointed Staff Officer Plans at RAAF Headquarters, Melbourne.", "In October, he joined the Deputy Chief of the Air Staff, Air Vice Marshal Bill Bostock, as a delegate to a defence conference in Singapore.", "The Australian contingent found the local forces ill-prepared for an attack by the Japanese and recommended significant increases in air capability, both in Australia and in the Pacific Islands, to meet the threat.", "Hely was promoted to temporary wing commander the following January, and was the ranking Air Force delegate at a series of staff talks in Batavia and Singapore regarding the defence of the Dutch East Indies.", "He became Director of Operations at RAAF Headquarters in August.", "His promotion to acting group captain was announced on 17 February 1942.", "Two days later, the Japanese bombed Darwin, Northern Territory; Hely circulated a memo early the next month to all commands on the lessons learnt from the raid.", "He was posted to Darwin in May to join North-Western Area headquarters as senior air staff officer, and was granted the temporary rank of group captain in January 1943.", "Hely returned to RAAF Headquarters in March to become Director of Air Staff Plans.", "In May 1944, Hely assumed command of No.", "72 Wing at Merauke, Dutch New Guinea, succeeding Group Captain Allan Walters.", "Comprising fighter and dive-bomber squadrons, the wing had been established to undertake air defence and patrol tasks in and around western New Guinea.", "Hely departed Merauke in September 1944 to establish an army cooperation formation, No.", "84 Wing, in Cairns, Queensland.", "It was one of two such wings formed by the RAAF in the South West Pacific Theatre late in World War II.", "They were, as described by the official history of the RAAF in the Pacific, \"essentially non-offensive in character\", responsible for reconnaissance, artillery spotting, supply drops to ground forces, spraying DDT to combat malaria, and guiding close support aircraft to their objectives.", "The wing could also carry out its own strikes on \"targets of opportunity\".", "No.", "84 Wing comprised No.", "5 (Tactical Reconnaissance) Squadron, No.", "17 Air Observation Post Flight, No.", "10 Communication Unit (subsequently renamed No.", "10 Local Air Supply Unit), and No.", "39 Operational Base Unit.", "It deployed to Torokina in October to support Australian troops during the Bougainville campaign.", "No.", "5 Squadron, equipped with CAC Boomerangs and Wirraways, was assigned to mark targets for F4U Corsairs of the Royal New Zealand Air Force.", "Between December 1944 and January 1945, the wing lost one Auster, one Wirraway, and one Boomerang on operations.", "Despite shortages of pilots and equipment, Hely's formation was generally able to keep pace with the army's requirements.", "By the end of June 1945, it had flown over 4,000 sorties.", "Post-war career\n\nHely relinquished command of No.", "84 Wing on 12 August 1945 and returned to RAAF Headquarters in October.", "He was by this time among a coterie of officers at group captain level, including Val Hancock, Alister Murdoch and Bill Garing, earmarked by the Australian Air Board for leadership roles in the post-war RAAF, which was to shrink rapidly with demobilisation.", "At RAAF Headquarters, Hely was appointed deputy director of Operations, in which capacity he served on a committee to investigate proposals for an officer training college, later established as RAAF College, Point Cook.", "Along with Hely, all officers associated with the proposal's examination were former Duntroon students, including the Deputy Chief of the Air Staff, Air Commodore Frank Bladin, the Director of Postings, Group Captain Murdoch, and the Director of Training, Group Captain Paddy Heffernan.", "Another Duntroon graduate, Air Commodore Hancock, became the college's first commandant.", "Hely was appointed Director of Organisation and Staff Duties in 1946.", "That November, he became Director of Postings.", "The following year, he took up the position of Director of Personal Services, before departing for Britain in December 1948 to study at the Imperial Defence College, London.", "Returning to Melbourne, Hely served as deputy to the Air Member for Personnel from January 1950.", "He became an aide-de-camp to King George VI in June 1951.", "In September, he was appointed Officer Commanding Western Area, Perth, taking up his new post in mid-October.", "He was promoted to acting air commodore in July 1952, becoming Air Officer Commanding (AOC) Western Area.", "His rank was made permanent in September, and the same month he was appointed aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II.", "Among Hely's duties as AOC Western Area was coordinating air support for the British atomic test on Montebello in October 1952, including supply and observation flights by Dakotas of No.", "86 (Transport) Wing.", "He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the Queen's Coronation Honours promulgated on 1 June 1953, for his war service and his work during the Montebello test.", "In August, he was named Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (DCAS), with the acting rank of air vice marshal, effective from October; he replaced Air Vice Marshal Hancock.", "Between October 1953 and February 1954, the RAAF underwent major organisational change, as it transitioned from a geographically based command-and-control system to one based on function, resulting in the establishment of Home (operational), Training, and Maintenance Commands.", "At the same time, RAAF Headquarters in Melbourne was absorbed by the Department of Air in Canberra.", "Hely was acting Air Member for Personnel from 3 January to 7 March 1955, between the terms of Air Vice Marshals Val Hancock and Fred Scherger.", "On 24 January 1956, he became AOC Training Command, taking over from Air Vice Marshal Murdoch.", "He was succeeded as DCAS by Air Vice Marshal Douglas Candy.", "Hely's rank of air vice marshal became substantive on 5 September.", "In January 1957, Point Cook retired its last de Havilland Tiger Moth trainers, signalling the end of the biplane era in the RAAF.", "That May, Hely was seconded to the Department of Defence and posted to Washington, D.C., to head up the Australian Joint Services Staff.", "He was succeeded as AOC Training Command by Air Vice Marshal Ian McLachlan.", "Hely became Air Member for Personnel (AMP) on 28 March 1960, taking over from the acting AMP, Air Commodore Frank Headlam.", "Responsible for the Personnel Branch of the RAAF, the position of AMP occupied a seat on the Air Board, the service's controlling body that comprised its senior officers and was chaired by the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS).", "The Air Force expanded greatly during Hely's term as AMP, owing to Australia's increasing commitment to the security of South East Asia, and the most significant rearmament program the RAAF had undertaken outside of World War II.", "Its permanent establishment increased from a steady 15,000 or so in the 1950s to over 18,000 by 1966.", "Hely himself initiated a scheme to attract staff from the Royal Air Force, which was suffering cutbacks, by opening a recruitment office in London and taking advantage of the Australian government's assisted passage scheme to import trained personnel and their families.", "He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1964 New Year Honours for his \"tactful and careful handling of personnel matters\", and for having \"done much to improve the manning level of the Air Force\".", "As AMP, Hely put forward proposals to increase the number of diploma-qualified engineering and equipment officers in the Air Force.", "He was also closely involved in deliberations concerning the balance of academic and military studies at the RAAF Academy (previously RAAF College), the outcome of which is considered to have left the course biased towards pure science, rather than its applications to air power.", "Retirement\nHely retired on 24 August 1966, after almost forty years in the military.", "He was succeeded the following day as AMP by Air Vice Marshal Candy.", "In retirement, Hely was active in the Canberra branch of the Air Force Association.", "He died of cancer in Canberra on 20 May 1970.", "Survived by his wife and children, he was accorded an Air Force funeral at St John the Baptist Church and cremated at Norwood Park Crematorium, Gungahlin.", "The official mourning party included Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (CCOSC) General Sir John Wilton, former CCOSC Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick Scherger, Secretary of Defence Sir Arthur Tange, CAS Air Marshal Colin Hannah, former CAS Air Marshal Sir Alister Murdoch, Vice Admiral Sir Victor Smith, Air Vice Marshal Brian Eaton, and Group Captain John Waddy.", "The guns at Duntroon were fired in salute as the cortege left the church.", "Notes\n\nReferences\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n1909 births\n1970 deaths\nAustralian aviators\nAustralian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire\nAustralian Companions of the Order of the Bath\nPeople from New South Wales\nAustralian recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)\nRoyal Australian Air Force air marshals\nRoyal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II\nRoyal Military College, Duntroon graduates\nAlumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies" ]

[ "Air Vice Marshall William Lloyd was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force.", "He transferred to the RAAF as a cadet pilot after graduating from the Royal Military College.", "Hely came to public attention in 1936–37, when he crashed on a survey flight in the Northern Territory, and later when he undertook two successful missions to locate missing aircraft in the same vicinity.", "The Air Force Cross was earned by him.", "Hely was appointed Officer Commanding No. after occupying staff positions during World War II.", "In May 1944, the 72 Wing was in New Zealand.", "He formed aTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkiaTrademarkia", "The 84 Wing commanded it until the end of the Pacific War.", "Hely was on the staff of RAAF Headquarters.", "He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire after serving as Air Officer Commanding (AOC) Western Area Command in Perth.", "He was the Head of the Australian Joint Services Staff in Washington, D.C. from 1957 to 1960.", "He served as an Air Member for Personnel for six years, during which time there was a significant increase in manpower to meet commitments in South East Asia and the demands of a major re-equipment program.", "He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1964 for his service as an air vice marshal.", "He died in 1970 at the age of sixty, after retiring from the Air Force in 1966.", "William Lloyd Hely was the third child of Prosper Frederick Hely and his wife Alice.", "He was educated to Intermediate Certificate level at a number of schools.", "He studied accountancy in his spare time after leaving school.", "Hely entered the Royal Military College, Duntroon, as one of four cadets sponsored by the Royal Australian Air Force, which did not have its own officer training college.", "He enlisted in the RAAF the day after graduating as a lieutenant.", "Budget constraints imposed during the Great Depression necessitated the transfer from Duntroon to Point Cook of eight other RAAF-sponsored cadets midway through their four-year course, including Alister Murdoch, Bill Garing and Douglas Candy.", "Hely graduated from his flying training course on December 10, 1931.", "His first postings as a pilot were in New South Wales and Victoria.", "He served at Point Cook from 1933 to 1936.", "He was then moved to No.", "3 squadron was promoted to flight lieutenant.", "Hely took charge of No. in April 1936.", "One of the two flights formed by the Air Force that month was 3 Squadron's North Australia Survey Flight.", "Hely flew a twin-engined de Havilland Dragon Rapide to Port Hedland, which was to be the flight's base for initial survey work in Western Australia.", "He ran out of fuel and had to crash land in the Northern Territory.", "He and his crew of two were found by the RAAF ten days later.", "Hely had suffered cuts and abrasions to his head and leg, but they were largely uninjured.", "The aircraft was damaged so badly that it had to be destroyed.", "In February 1937, Hely took part in the search for a missing airliner that was eventually found and five of its seven passengers and crew dead.", "The Communications and Survey Flight was formed for the 1937 aerial survey program.", "On 3 May, 1 aircraft depot's recruit training squadron was at Laverton.", "The flight was divided into two groups, the Western and Eastern.", "Hely's first task was to find survey director Sir Herbert Gepp, whose Rapide went missing on an inspection flight in the Northern Territory.", "Hely located the downed Rapide on 23 May, guiding in a ground party that was able to clear a makeshift runway and allow Gepp and his team to take off and resume their journey.", "Hely was again diverted from survey work to search for a lost plane, this time the de Havilland Gipsy Moth of flying doctor Clyde Fenton, who had gone missing north- east of Newcastle Waters.", "Hely was once again piloting Rapide A3-2 and found the lost doctor three days later.", "\"I have only the highest praise for the efficient manner in which Hely conducted a difficult search and the skillful way in which he located me and picked me up\", said Fenton.", "Hely was one of the RAAF's best-known public figures.", "He served as adjutant at Laverton after completing his posting to the survey flight.", "He was awarded the Air Force Cross for \"zeal and initiative in searching for Sir Herbert Gepp's party and later for Dr. Fenton when lost in Central Australia\".", "The couple had two daughters, and they were married on November 29, 1938.", "Hely was promoted to squadron leader in September after spending a year in Britain.", "Hely was attached to the operations room at the time of World War II.", "He was appointed Staff Officer Plans at RAAF Headquarters in January 1940.", "He joined the deputy chief of the air staff as a delegate to a defence conference in Singapore.", "The Australian contingent found the local forces ill-prepared for an attack by the Japanese and recommended significant increases in air capability, both in Australia and in the Pacific Islands.", "Hely was promoted to temporary wing commander in January, and was the Air Force delegate at a series of staff talks about the defence of the Dutch East Indies.", "He became Director of Operations in August.", "His promotion to acting group captain was announced in February 1942.", "The Japanese bombed Darwin two days later and Hely sent a memo to all commands on the lessons learned.", "He joined the North-Western Area headquarters as a senior air staff officer in May and was promoted to group captain in January 1943.", "Hely became the Director of Air Staff Plans in March.", "Hely took command of No. in May 1944.", "Group Captain Allan Walters was succeeded by the 72 Wing at Merauke.", "Comprising fighter and dive-bomber squadrons, the wing had been established to undertake air defence and patrol tasks.", "Hely left Merauke in September 1944 to start an army cooperation formation.", "The 84 Wing is in Australia.", "It was one of the two wings formed by the RAAF in the South West Pacific Theatre.", "According to the official history of the RAAF in the Pacific, they were basically non-offensive in character and responsible for a number of things.", "The wing could do its own strikes.", "No.", "No was in the 84 Wing.", "The squadron is called 5 (Tactical Reconnaissance).", "17 Air Observation Post Flight.", "10 Communication Unit was renamed No.", "There are 10 local air supply units.", "There is an operational base unit.", "It was deployed in October to support Australian troops.", "No.", "The Royal New Zealand Air Force assigned 5 Squadron to mark targets for F4U Corsairs.", "Between December 1944 and January 1945, there were three lost on operations.", "Hely's formation was able to keep up with the army's requirements despite shortages of pilots and equipment.", "It flew over 4,000 sorties by the end of June 1945.", "Hely relinquished command after his career ended.", "The 84 Wing came back to RAAF Headquarters in October.", "He was among a group of officers earmarked by the Australian Air Board for leadership roles in the post-war RAAF, which was to shrink rapidly with demobilisation.", "Hely was appointed deputy director of operations at RAAF Headquarters and served on a committee to investigate proposals for an officer training college.", "Along with Hely, all officers associated with the proposal's examination were former Duntroon students, including the deputy Chief of the Air Staff, Air Commodore Frank Bladin, the Director of Postings, Group Captain Murdoch, and the Director of Training, Group Captain Paddy Heffernan", "The college's first commandant was a Duntroon graduate.", "Hely was the Director of Organisation and Staff Duties.", "He became the Director of Postings that November.", "He left for Britain in December 1948 to study at the Imperial Defence College, London, after taking up the position of Director of Personal Services.", "Hely was a deputy to the Air Member for Personnel.", "He was an aide-de-camp to King George VI.", "In October, he took up his new post as Officer Commanding Western Area, Perth.", "He became Air Officer Commanding (AOC) Western Area in July 1952, after being promoted to acting air commodore.", "He was appointed aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II in September after his rank was made permanent.", "Hely was in charge of coordinating air support for the British atomic test on Montebello in October 1952.", "The Transport Wing.", "He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) on June 1,1953, for his work during the Montebello test.", "He was named deputy chief of the air staff in August and became the acting air vice marshal in October.", "The RAAF transitioned from a command-and-control system to one based on function between October 1953 and February 1954.", "The Department of Air took over the headquarters of the RAAF in Melbourne.", "Hely was acting Air Member for Personnel from 3 January to 7 March 1955.", "He took over from Murdoch on January 24, 1956.", "He was replaced by Douglas Candy.", "On 5 September, Hely's rank of air vice marshal became substantive.", "Point Cook retired its last de Havilland Tiger Moth trainers in January 1957, signalling the end of the biplane era in the RAAF.", "Hely was posted to Washington, D.C., to head up the Australian Joint Services Staff after being seconded to the Department of Defence.", "He was replaced by Ian McLachlan.", "Hely took over from Frank Headlam as the acting Air Member for Personnel on March 28, 1960.", "The Air Board, the service's controlling body that comprised its senior officers, was chaired by the Chief of the Air Staff.", "The expansion of the Air Force was due to Australia's increasing commitment to the security of South East Asia and the most significant rearmament program the RAAF had undertaken outside of World War II.", "It had a permanent establishment of over 18,000 by 1966.", "Hely opened a recruitment office in London and took advantage of the Australian government's assisted passage scheme to import personnel and their families from the Royal Air Force.", "He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1964 for his \"tactful and careful handling of personnel matters\" and for having done much to improve the manning level of the Air Force.", "Hely proposed to increase the number of engineering and equipment officers in the Air Force.", "He was involved in deliberations regarding the balance of academic and military studies at the RAAF Academy, the outcome of which is thought to have left the course biased towards pure science, rather than its applications to air power.", "Hely retired after forty years in the military.", "He was succeeded by Air Vice Marshal Candy the next day.", "Hely was a member of the Air Force Association.", "He died of cancer in 1970.", "He died in the Air Force and was buried at St John the Baptist Church in Gungahlin.", "The official mourning party included the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, General Sir John Wilton, the Secretary of Defence, Sir Arthur Tange, Colin Hannah, and Sir Alister Murdoch.", "As the cortege left the church, the guns at Duntroon were fired in salute.", "The Air Force Cross was awarded to the Commanders of the Order of the British Empire and the Companions of the Order of the Bath People." ]

[ "William Lloyd (", ") Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Frederick Hely", "William Lloyd", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely" ]

[ "William Lloyd", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "William Lloyd", "Hely", "Frederick Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely", "Hely" ]

[ "Charles Carnan Ridgely (December 6, 1760July 17, 1829) was born Charles Ridgely Carnan.", "He is also known as Charles Ridgely of Hampton.", "He served as the 15th Governor of the state of Maryland in the United States from 1815 to 1818.", "He also served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1790 to 1795, and in the Maryland State Senate from 1796 to 1800.", "Charles was born in Baltimore.", "He was the son of John Carnan and Achsah Ridgely, sister of Captain Charles Ridgely.", "The Maryland Gazette described him as an aristocrat.", "\"As a Senator or Delegate, justly appreciating the merits and demerits of the human character, he always avoided visionary schemes and dangerous experiments.\"", "(Maryland Gazette) Ridgely devoted his tenure to internal improvements.", "He devoted his attention to the state during the unpopular war with Great Britain.", "It appropriated ground for the erection of a Battle Monument in Baltimore, aided education, and chartered manufacturing and insurance companies, so that 'during his administration, the State enjoyed its greatest period of prosperity.'", "Ridgely passed an act which provided education for the poor in five separate counties; which was seen as important to the early development of public education in Maryland.", "A second act created the Commissioners of the School Fund.", "The act appropriated a fund to establish free schools within the state of Maryland.", "Hampton\nCarnan's uncle, Captain Charles Ridgely, willed his estate, Hampton, to him on the condition that he assume the name Charles Ridgely; he did so legally in 1790.", "When Charles's uncle, Captain Ridgely, died in 1790, Ridgely became the second master of Hampton.", "The concept of Hampton was inspired by Castle Howard in North Yorkshire, England, owned by relatives of his grandmother.", "He had 10,590 feet (3,228 m) of irrigation pipes laid in 1799 from a nearby spring to provide water to the Mansion and the surrounding gardens, which he was extensively developing.", "Prominent artisans of the time were hired to design geometric formal gardens, which were planted on the Mansion's grounds between 1799 and 1801.", "An avid horseman, Charles Carnan also began raising Thoroughbred horses at Hampton, where he had a racetrack installed.", "A 1799 advertisement promoted the stud services of his racehorse, Grey Medley.", "Another of Ridgely's racehorses, Post Boy, won the Washington City Jockey Club cup.", "Under Charles Carnan Ridgely, Hampton reached its peak of 25,000 acres (10,117 ha) in the 1820s.", "The mansion overlooked a grand estate of orchards, ironworks, coal mining, marble quarries, mills, and mercantile interests.", "The vast farm produced corn, beef cattle, dairy products, hogs, and horses.", "More than 300 slaves worked the fields and served the household, making Hampton one of Maryland's largest slaveholding estates.", "Six parterres were designed on three terraced levels facing the mansion, planted with roses, peonies, and seasonal flowers.", "In 1820, an orangery was built on the grounds.", "Charles Carnan Ridgely frequently entertained prominent guests in the Mansion's Great Hall, such as Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832), who was the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, and American Revolutionary War general and Frenchman, Marquis de Lafayette.", "Charles Carnan served as Governor of Maryland between 1816 and 1819.", "When Governor Ridgely died in 1829, he freed a portion of Hampton's slaves in his will.", "His ancestral home, Hampton Mansion is now in the care of the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior as Hampton National Historic Site.", "Founding of the Washington Jockey Club\n\nIn 1798 a mile track was laid out which extended from the rear of what is now the site of Decatur House at H Street and Jackson Place, crossing Seventeenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue to Twentieth Street.", "The inaugural match featured John Tayloe III's Lamplighter and Gen. Charles Carnan Ridgely's Cincinnatus, for 500 guineas, ran in 4-mile heats, and won by the former, a son of Imp English bred stallion Medley.", "The only initial building was a small elevated platform for the judges.", "The \"carriage folk\" took to the infield for views of the contests and the strandees crested the outside of the course.", "The site of today's Eisenhower Executive Office Building, this first course's history was short lived as it stood in the path of L'Enfant's city plan.", "In 1802 the Club sought a new sight for the tract, as the current one that lay the rear of what is now the site of Decatur House at H Street and Jackson Place, crossing Seventeenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue to Twentieth Street-today the Eisenhower Executive Office Building-was being overtaken be the growth of the Federal City.", "With the leadership of John Tayloe III and Charles Carnan Ridgely and support of Gen. John Peter Van Ness, Dr. William Thornton, G.W.", "P. Custis, John D. Threlkeld of Georgetown and George Calvert of Riversdale, Bladensburg, Maryland, the contests were moved to Meridian Hill, south of Columbia Road between Fourteenth and Sixteenth Streets, and were conducted at the Holmstead Farm's one mile oval track.", "Family\n\nCharles Ridgely Carnan married Priscilla Dorsey, daughter of Caleb Dorsey, Jr., of 'Belmont' and Priscilla Hill on October 17, 1782, at Old Saint Paul's Church (Episcopal/Anglican) in Baltimore, Maryland.", "Priscilla was the youngest sister of his uncle's wife, Rebecca Dorsey.", "While her husband attended politics, Priscilla was the sole mistress of 'Hampton' and attended to their thirteen children.", "Of the thirteen children, two are separately noticed.", "John Carnan Ridgely (1790–1867) married Eliza Ridgely (1803–1867); he would inherit the mansion and 4,500 acres (18 km2).", "Just as Ridgely was beginning his tenure as Governor of Maryland, Priscilla died on April 30, 1814.", "Her body was interred in the family vault at Hampton.", "Although she did not live to serve as First Lady of Maryland, her daughter, Prudence, would become First Lady to Governor George Howard of Maryland (1789–1846).", "After his final term had ended on January 8, 1819, Ridgely retired to his estate at Hampton.", "There he devoted his attention to his farm and his iron works.", "In 1824, he suffered a paralytic attack from which he never fully recovered.", "Two later attacks caused his death on July 17, 1829.", "\"At his death, his holdings amounted to about 10,000 acres of land in Baltimore County.", "He owned over three hundred slaves together with a library of about one hundred and seventy-five volumes, family silver valued at over $2,300, and a total estate of nearly $150,000.\"", "All slaves that had not reached the age of 45 were freed.", "It was also commented that 'from an early age, possessed of a princely estate, few individuals, perhaps ever more enjoyed what are called the good things of this life and abused them so little.\"", "He was buried with his wife, Priscilla, in the Ridgely family vault at Hampton.", "References\n Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series), Maryland Archives:\nCharles Ridgely of Hampton (1760–1829)\nPriscilla Dorsey (1762–1814)\n\nExternal links\n Hampton National Historic Site — National Park Service official website\n\nAmerican slave owners\nGovernors of Maryland\nMaryland state senators\nMembers of the Maryland House of Delegates\nAmerican people of English descent\n1760 births\n1829 deaths\nMaryland Federalists\nFederalist Party state governors of the United States\nRidgely family" ]

[ "Charles Ridgely Carnan was born on July 17, 1760.", "He is also known as Charles Ridgely.", "He was the 15th Governor of the state of Maryland in the United States.", "He served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1790 to 1795 and in the Maryland State Senate from 1796 to 1800.", "Charles was born in Baltimore.", "He was the brother of Captain Charles Ridgely.", "He was described as an aristocracy by the Maryland Gazette.", "He always avoided visionary schemes and dangerous experiments when he was a senator or delegate.", "Ridgely devoted his time to internal improvements.", "During the unpopular war with Great Britain, he devoted his attention to the state.", "During his administration, the State enjoyed its greatest period of prosperity, because it appropriated ground for the erection of a Battle Monument in Baltimore, aided education, and chartered manufacturing and insurance companies.", "The act Ridgely passed was important to the early development of public education in Maryland.", "The Commissioners of the School Fund were created.", "The free schools fund was appropriated by the act.", "In 1790, Captain Charles Ridgely willed his estate to him on the condition that he assumed the name Charles Ridgely.", "Ridgely became the second master of Hampton after his uncle died.", "Castle Howard is in North Yorkshire, England, owned by relatives of his grandmother.", "He had 10,590 feet of irrigation pipes that were laid in 1799 to provide water to the Mansion and the surrounding gardens.", "Geometric formal gardens were planted on the Mansion's grounds between 1799 and 1802, and were designed byProminent artisans of the time.", "Charles Carnan had a racetrack installed where he began raising horses.", "The advertisement promoted the services of the stud.", "Post Boy won the Washington City Jockey Club cup.", "In the 18th century, Charles Carnan Ridgely gave rise to a peak of 25,000 acres.", "There was a grand estate of orchards, ironworks, coal mining, marble quarries, mills, and mercantile interests overlooked by the mansion.", "Corn, beef cattle, dairy products, hogs, and horses were produced on the vast farm.", "One of Maryland's largest slaveholding estates was made up of more than 300 slaves.", "Six parterres were planted with roses, peonies, and seasonal flowers on three levels facing the mansion.", "The orangery was built in 1820.", "The last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence was Charles Carnan Ridgely, who entertained prominent guests in the Mansion's Great Hall.", "Carnan was the Governor of Maryland from 1816 to 1819.", "Governor Ridgely freed some of the slaves in his will.", "The National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior has taken care of his ancestral home.", "The site of Decatur House at H Street and Jackson Place is where a mile track was laid out in 1798 for the founding of the Washington Jockey Club.", "The winner of the first match was a son of Imp English bred stallion Medley who ran in 4-mile heats and won by 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020 800-361-3020", "There was a small elevated platform for the judges.", "The strandees crested the outside of the course after thecarriage folk took to the infield for views of the contests.", "The site of today's Eisenhower Executive Office Building is where L'Enfant's city plan begins.", "The Eisenhower Executive Office Building is being overtaken by Decatur House at H Street and Jackson Place, as the Club sought a new sight for the tract in 1802.", "With the leadership of John Tayloe III and Charles Carnan Ridgely.", "The contests were held on the south side of Columbia Road between Fourteenth and Sixteenth Streets and on the north side of the farm.", "On October 17, 1782, Charles Ridgely Carnan married the daughter of 'Belmont' and 'Priscilla Hill' at Old Saint Paul's Church in Baltimore, Maryland.", "She was the youngest sister of his uncle's wife.", "While her husband was in politics, she was the mistress of 'Hampton' and attended to their thirteen children.", "Two of the thirteen children are not seen together.", "John Carnan Ridgely would inherit a mansion and 4,500 acres from his wife.", "The Governor of Maryland, Ridgely, died on April 30, 1814.", "She was buried in the family vault.", "Although she did not live to serve as First Lady of Maryland, her daughter, Prudence, would become First Lady to Governor George Howard of Maryland.", "Ridgely retired to his estate after his final term ended.", "He focused his attention on his farm and iron works.", "He never fully recovered from a paralytic attack in 1824.", "His death was caused by two attacks.", "He owned about 10,000 acres of land in Baltimore County.", "He owned over three hundred slaves, a library of about one hundred and seventy-five volumes, family silver valued at over $2,300, and a total estate of nearly $150,000.", "The slaves that did not reach the age of 45 were freed.", "\"From an early age, possessed of a princely estate, few individuals, perhaps ever more enjoyed what are called the good things of this life and abused them so little.\"", "He and his wife were buried in the Ridgely family vault.", "The National Park Service's official website has links to the Archives of Maryland." ]

[ "Charles Carnan Ridgely", "Charles Ridgely Carnan", "Charles Ridgely", "Charles", "John Carnan", "Achsah Ridgely", "Charles Ridgely", "Hampton Carnan", "Charles Ridgely", "Charles Ridgely", "Charles", "Ridgely", "Ridgely", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Carroll", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Ridgely", "Carnan", "John Carnan", "Ridgely", "Eliza Ridgely", "Ridgely", "Ridgely", "Ridgely", "Charles Ridgely", "Ridgely" ]

[ "Charles Ridgely Carnan", "Charles Ridgely", "Charles", "Charles Ridgely", "Charles Ridgely", "Charles Ridgely", "Ridgely", "Charles Carnan", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Carnan", "Ridgely", "Charles Ridgely", "Carnan", "John Carnan", "Ridgely", "Ridgely" ]

[ "Charles Emanuel Shulman (July 25, 1900 – June 2, 1968) was a Russian-American rabbi and attorney.", "Early life\nShulman was born in Berdichev, Ukraine, Russia, on July 25, 1900.", "(However, his official Russian birth certificate, presented to the family following his death, recorded his birth date as July 3, 1898.).", "Both parents were very religious Jews.", "His mother, Rachel Nemerov Shulman, brought all of her six children to the United States in 1904.", "His father, Maurice (Elimelech), a peddler, had refused to leave Russia and died either shortly before or after the family left for America.", "The family settled in Cleveland, Ohio.", "They were very poor and Charles, the fifth of the six siblings, worked a newspaper route from a very young age to help meet the family's financial needs.", "Education\nShulman studied at Ohio Northern University -1920, received the Bachelor of Law degree in 1920. and was admitted to the Ohio state bar in the same year He soon found himself increasingly interested in religion and opted for a future career in the rabbinate.", "He attended the University of Cincinnati 1922-23.", "From 1923-24, he studied at the University of Chicago where he received his Ph.B (Bachelor of Philosophy).", "He received his M. A. in Comparative Religion from the same university in 1930.", "He studied at the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio from and was ordained as a Reform rabbi in 1927.", "Brief Professional Summary\nShulman first worked in the Law Department for the N.Y. Central Railroad, Cleveland, Ohio (1920) and then for the Acheson, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, Albuquerque, New Mexico (1921).", "His first pulpit for the rabbinate was at Johnstown, Pennsylvania (1926–27); following this, he served at Congregation Leshem Shomayim in Wheeling, West Virginia (1927–31) .", "From 1931 until 1946, he was the rabbi of the North Shore Congregation \nIsrael, Glencoe, Illinois, after which he left to become the founding rabbi of Riverdale Temple, The Liberal Synagogue, in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, where he presided from 1947 until his death in 1968.", "World War II\nShulman enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1943.", "He began training as a chaplain in the same year in Norfolk, Virginia.", "He first served as chaplain at Newport, Quonset and Camp Endicott in Rhode Island.", "He was the sole Jewish Naval Chaplain in all of New England at that time.", "From November, 1944 to October, 1945, he served as the first Jewish chaplain and the only rabbi among 225 chaplains in the Seventh Fleet in the South Pacific Theater of Operations, commanded by Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, (also Commander of the Allied Naval Forces of the South Pacific).", "As such, he traveled constantly between Australia and the Philippines, covering over 125,000 miles among 26 islands.", "In 1945, he received the Navy Commendation Award for outstanding service overseas .", "He completed his naval service in January, 1946.", "He was awarded the Service Recognition Certificate Citation for Meritorious Service by the State of Illinois in 1947.", "He was honorably discharged from the Navy on Jan. 25, 1951.", "The Rabbinate\nShulman's first long-term tenure as rabbi was at the North Shore Congregation Israel in Glencoe, Illinois.", "Under his leadership there, the membership quadrupled and grew to be one of the leading Jewish congregations in the United States.", "He developed forums, lectures and inter-faith activities devoted to promotion of better citizenship and spiritual and intellectual advancement.", "At age 34,he was the youngest reform rabbi to be listed in the Who's Who in America.", "In addition to his rabbinical duties, he was the president of the Chicago Rabbinical Association, vice president of the National Association of Jewish Chaplains and state chaplain of the Jewish War Veterans of Illinois.", "Under the auspices of the National, Conference of Christians and Jews as well as the Anti- Defamation League of the B'nai B'rith he addressed many non-sectarian audiences throughout the United States interested in the perpetuation of religion and democracy.", "His messages were also broadcast over the radio.", "Under his influence, the temple gained recognition as one of the outstanding Jewish congregations in the United States.", "Shulman, an avid Zionist, resigned from his position in 1947 as a result of strongly conflicting ideologies with the majority of the board members of the Congregation, who were strongly anti-Zionist and felt that Zionism was a danger to the future of Jewish religious life.", "He sought to establish a synagogue that would be liberal in nature, and would instill Jewish values that would be relevant to the congregants.", "He wanted to incorporate many of the Hebrew traditions and to provide an intellectual understanding of the religion.", "He desired to make it exciting and challenging and democratic.", "\"The people must feel they are sharing in it.", "They must be excited by the aesthetic beauty of it, by the beauty of the music, by the originality with which religion is presented. \"", "And of course he also wanted a congregation that would support the new State of Israel.", "Thus he decided to move to New York where a group of 25 families in the Riverdale area of the Bronx were seeking a rabbi.", "During the first year, 1947–48, his congregation grew from 25 families to 250 and to more than 1000 at the close of his life.", "In addition to the goals he had originally set for himself, he was a strong proponent of interfaith cooperation and understanding.", "He initiated interdenominational Thanksgiving services, which became a community tradition and was adopted by many religious institutions nationwide.", "He also became a leading spokesman on behalf of Zionism and the Jewish State.", "Similarly recognized were the venues that served Riverdale Temple until the permanent edifice was completed in 1954.", "It was first housed in Ben Riley's Arrowhead Inn, an enormous Spanish –Moorish building on a large hill sprawling over 16 acres on the banks of the Hudson River.", "When this structure was demolished five years later, to make way for luxury apartments, Shulman was invited to share the premises of the parish house of the rector of the local Episcopalian Christ Church, Reverend Gerald V. Barry, which received national and international attention .", "The new Temple was dedicated in 1954.", "He addressed numerous groups around the country and made frequent national radio and television broadcasts.", "He also participated extensively in Jewish and inter-faith educational programs.", "He became a nationwide lecturer for Zionist causes, fund-raising for Bonds for the Israel Government and the United Jewish Appeal.", "In addition, he was closely associated with the leading Zionist leaders and statesmen in Israel.", "Professional Affiliations\n\nPresident Chicago Rabbinical Assn, 1942; member: National Advisory Board anti- Defamation League of B'nai B'rith; member: executive board of the Council of the New York anti- Defamation League; member, national administrative committee, American Jewish Congress; member, national advisory council, Jewish National Fund; Chairman, committee on public schools, New York Board of Rabbis; member, executive board, Henry Hudson School for Brain Injured Children, NYC; Lecturer on Jewish Theology, Oberlin College Graduate School, 1953; Trustee, Hadley Correctional School for the Blind; Member, United Service Organization Council, Chicago; Member National Jewish Welfare Board and its Committee on Army and Navy religious activities; Representative of the United Jewish Appeal to Europe, North Africa, Israel (1952–53); Chairman, Bronx Urban League; member, executive board Urban League of Greater NY; member, the Bronx Council of the Boy Scouts; executive board, Bronx section, the National Conference of Christians and Jews; member, Editorial Board, \"The Reconstructionist\" ; Chairman, Editorial Board, \"The American Zionist\"; contributor to religious and other journals.", "Honors\n\n Recipient George Washington Medal Freedom Foundation, 1953,1954,1955, 1961 and 1963 for outstanding sermons.", "Honorary Doctorate, Ohio Northern University, (1954);\n Honorary Doctorate, Hebrew Union College Jewish Institute of Religion, 1956; \n Honorary Doctorate, Boston University (1959)\n\nBooks \n Problems of Jews in the Contemporary World (1934)\n Europe's Conscience in Decline (1939\n What it Means to Be a Jew (1960);\n\nOther publications\nReligion's Message in a War- Torn World (1942) \nThe Test of a Civilization (1947)\nOn Being a Jew (1954) \nA People that Did Not Die, (1956) \nThe Best Years of Our Lives (1958) \nHumanity's Unfinished Business (1964)\n\nAs a scholar of music, he also wrote pamphlets comprising commentary on the liturgy and on traditional chants, among them “On the Sabbath,” “On the Holydays” and a “Book of Remembrance ” for the Yom Kippur memorial services.", "In addition, he wrote poetry, some of which is found in his personal letters, articles and pamphlets.", "Many of his oral addresses, articles and book reviews, numbering well over 1000, have been published in the Congressional Record as well as in religious and other journals.", "He also kept annual diaries.", "The original diaries and copies of all are located in the Jacob Radar Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Family\nHe was survived by his wife Avis Clamitz (1908-1991), a well-known Jewish educator whom he met on the campus of the Hebrew Union College in 1929; his daughter Deborah, (b.", "1941) who settled in Israel and, posthumously, two granddaughters and a great-grandson.", "References\n\n1900 births\n1968 deaths\nPlace of death missing\nReligious leaders from Cleveland\nOhio Northern University alumni\nUniversity of Cincinnati alumni\nUniversity of Chicago alumni\nHebrew Union College alumni\nUnited States Navy officers\nUnited States Navy personnel of World War II\nAmerican people of Russian-Jewish descent" ]

[ "Shulman was a rabbi and an attorney.", "Shulman was born in Russia on July 25, 1900.", "His official Russian birth certificate, which was presented to the family after his death, recorded his birth date as July 3, 1898.", "Both parents were very religious.", "His mother brought all of her children to the United States in 1904.", "Maurice had refused to leave Russia and died shortly before or after the family left for America.", "The family moved to Cleveland.", "Charles, the fifth of the six siblings, worked a newspaper route when he was young to help the family meet their financial needs.", "Shulman was admitted to the Ohio state bar in the same year he received his Bachelor of Law degree from Ohio Northern University.", "He attended the University of Cincinnati.", "He received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1923.", "He received his M.A. in Comparative Religion in 1930.", "He became a Reform rabbi in 1927 after studying at the Hebrew Union College.", "Shulman first worked for the N.Y. Central Railroad in Cleveland, Ohio and then for the Acheson, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad in Albuquerque, New Mexico.", "He served at Leshem Shomayim in Wheeling, West Virginia, after his first pulpit at Johnstown, Pennsylvania.", "From 1947 until his death in 1968, he was the rabbi of the Liberal Synagogue in the Bronx, where he presided from 1947 until his death.", "Shulman enlisted in the Navy in 1943.", "He began his training in Norfolk, Virginia.", "He worked at Newport, Quonset and Camp Endicott in Rhode Island.", "He was the only Jew in New England at that time.", "He was the first rabbi in the Seventh Fleet and the only one in the South Pacific Theater of Operations.", "He traveled between Australia and the Philippines for over a million miles.", "He was awarded the Navy Commendation Award for outstanding service overseas.", "In January 1946, he finished his naval service.", "He received a citation for Meritorious Service from the State of Illinois in 1947.", "He was discharged from the Navy in 1951.", "The first long-term tenure of the Rabbinate Shulman was at the North Shore Congregation Israel.", "The membership doubled and the congregation became one of the best in the United States.", "He created forums, lectures and inter-faith activities to promote better citizenship and spiritual and intellectual advancement.", "He was the youngest reform rabbi to be listed in the Who's Who in America.", "He was the president of the Chicago Rabbinical Association, the vice president of the National Association of Jewish Chaplains and the state chaplain of the Jewish War Veterans of Illinois.", "He spoke to many non-sectarian audiences interested in the perpetuation of religion and democracy under the auspices of the National, Conference of Christians and Jews as well as the Anti- Defamation League of the B'nai B'rith.", "The radio broadcast his messages.", "As a result of his influence, the temple gained recognition as one of the best synagogues in the United States.", "Shulman resigned from his position in 1947 because he felt that Zionism was a danger to the future of Jewish religious life because the majority of the board members were anti-Zionist.", "He wanted the synagogue to be liberal in nature and instill Jewish values that would be relevant to the congregants.", "He wanted to provide an intellectual understanding of the religion by incorporating many of the Hebrew traditions.", "He wanted it to be exciting and challenging.", "The people must be sharing in it.", "They must be excited by the aesthetic beauty of it, by the beauty of the music, and by the originality with which religion is presented.", "He wanted the congregation to support the new State of Israel.", "He moved to New York because a group of 25 families in the Bronx were looking for a rabbi.", "His congregation grew from 25 families in the first year to 250 at the end of his life.", "He was a strong advocate of interfaith cooperation and understanding, in addition to the goals he had originally set for himself.", "Interdenominational Thanksgiving services became a community tradition and were adopted by many religious institutions nationwide.", "He became a spokesman for Zionism and the Jewish State.", "The venues that served Riverdale Temple until the permanent edifice was completed were also recognized.", "Ben Riley's Arrowhead Inn is aMoorish building on a large hill on the banks of the Hudson River.", "Shulman was invited to share the premises of the parish house of Reverend Gerald V. Barry, which received national and international attention, when this structure was demolished to make way for luxury apartments.", "The new temple was dedicated in 1954.", "He made a lot of national radio and television broadcasts.", "He was heavily involved in Jewish and inter-faith educational programs.", "He was a lecturer for Zionism, fund-raising for Bonds for the Israel Government and the United Jewish Appeal.", "He was associated with the leaders of Zionism in Israel.", "The president of the Chicago Rabbinical Assn was a member of the National Advisory Board of the Defamation League.", "The George Washington Medal Freedom Foundation was honored for outstanding sermons.", "Problems of Jews in the Contemporary World and Europe's Conscience in Decline are both books about Jews.", "He wrote poetry in his personal letters, articles and pamphlets.", "Many of his oral addresses, articles and book reviews, numbering over 1000, have been published in the Congressional Record as well as in religious and other journals.", "Yearly diaries were also kept by him.", "The original diaries and copies of them can be found in the Jacob Radar Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives.", "He was survived by his wife Avis Clamitz, who he met on the campus of the Hebrew Union College in 1929, and his daughter Deborah.", "There were two granddaughters and a great-grandson who died in 1941.", "There are missing religious leaders from Cleveland, Ohio Northern University, University of Cincinnati, University of Chicago and Hebrew Union College." ]

[ "Charles Emanuel Shulman", "Shulman", "Shulman", "Elimelech", "Charles", "Shulman", "Shulman", "Shulman", "Shulman", "Shulman" ]

[ "Shulman", "Shulman", "Charles", "Shulman", "Shulman", "Shulman", "Shulman", "Shulman" ]

[ "Georges Mathieu (27 January 1921 – 10 June 2012) was a French abstract painter, art theorist, and member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris.", "He is considered one of the fathers of European lyrical abstraction, a trend of informalism.", "Biography\n\nEarly life and education\nMathieu was born in 1921 in Boulogne-sur-Mer.", "His father, Adolphe Georges Mathieu, was employed as a bank manager at Barclays.", "His mother, Madeleine Durpé, taught him drawing as a child.", "The family lived near the ramparts of the city at 38 Boulevard du Prince Albert.", "In 1933 Mathieu's parents divorced and he was placed in the care of his aunt at Versailles.", "From 1927 to 1933, he attended a variety of schools in Boulogne-sur-Mer and later in Lycée Hoche in Versailles.", "Thereafter, he studied English and law at the University of Lille.", "Mathieu obtained a position as an English teacher in 1942 at the lycée of Douai in the north of France.", "During the ensuing years he held several jobs, serving as an interpreter for the American Army in Cambrai in 1944, teaching in the American University of Biarritz, and teaching at Istres during years 1945-46.", "In 1942, he executed figurative paintings of England from postcards as a hobby (Oxford Street By Night).", "Later during year 1944, he began his reflection on aesthetics held by the following concept: painting does not need to represent to exist.", "This revelation originates from the readings of Edward Crankshaw and his interpretation of the work of Joseph Conrad as an abstract literature.", "Consequently, he executed his first non-figurative painting, Inception.", "United States Lines\nIn 1947, he settled in Paris, employed the American Express, and rented a chambre de bonne near the Luxembourg Palace.", "Mathieu then worked for the United States Lines in charge of public relations on the line between New York City and Le Havre: his function was to welcome and accompany the travelers during their move between Le Havre and Paris.", "This position was an opportunity for Mathieu to reach a prestigious clientele, and form his first network of potential customers.", "He meets Salvador Dalí for the first time on his occasion.", "From 1953 to 1963, he was proposed to be the editor-in-chief of the United States Lines Paris Revue.", "With a print run of 15000 copies, this yearly journal is distributed for free until 1963 : it gave Mathieu the opportunity to interview celebrities of the time, from the artistic (John Cage, Pierre Boulez, Mark Tobey, Henry Miller) and scientific scene (Albert Einstein, Norbert Wiener, Oskar Morgenstern).", "First exhibitions\nIn 1946, his first abstract paintings were featured at the Salon des moins de 30 ans exhibition in Paris.", "He founded the first artistic group L’Imaginaire with Wols, Jean-Michel Atlan, Hartung, Bryen, Riopelle and exposes with fourteen painters at the Galerie du Luxembourg on 16 December 1947.", "The exhibition was called Towards Lyrical Abstraction, but the title was later changed because of the presence of works of Pablo Picasso and Jean Arp.", "The same year, he exposes at the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles and at the Salon des Surindépendants.", "The group is later expanded, with Michel Tapié, Picabia and François Stahly to form H.W.P.S.M.T.B., exposing at the Galerie Allendy.", "He promoted an art free from the constraints of figurative paintings and defining the concept of Lyrical Abstraction.", "In 1948, he put in place the first confrontation between American and French avant-garde painters : on this occasion he revealed the importance of the American abstraction of Jackson Pollock and Alton Tobey to the French audience.", "He painted his first large canvases as soon as 1952.", "Recognition\nFrom 1957 he traveled and painted in Japan, USA and in 1959 in Brazil, Argentina and Middle-East.", "Restropectives of his work started as early as 1959.", "Mathieu and Simon Hantaï held a series of conferences called the Cérémonies commémoratives de la seconde condamnation de Siger de Brabant in 1957.", "During three weeks, various debates questioned the foundations of western civilisations, the role of the great men and revolutions that shaped the western culture from the Edict of Milan in 313 up to the contemporary breakthroughs in physics and philosophy.", "Many scholars like essayist T.S.", "Eliot, philosopher Stéphane Lupasco and scientists took a stand at these conferences.", "The event was named after the philosopher Siger de Brabant, who played a key role in the 13th-century.", "In 1965, Mathieu exposed a hundred paintings at the Galerie Charpentier.", "He executed for this event Paris, Capitale des Arts, a giant canvas featuring primary colors on a blue background.", "Today, Galerie Charpentier's walls house the headquarters of Sotheby's France, rue Faubourg Saint-Honoré in Paris.", "A great retrospective at the Grand Palais opened in 1978 and covered the fifteen last years of his production.", "Seven six meters wide paintings, executed from January to March 1978, were made especially for the occasion.", "He received the Legion of Honour and is Commander of Arts and Letters.", "Mathieu's works now appears worldwide in more than 90 museums.", "Academie des Beaux-Arts\nIn 1976 he became a member of the Academie des Beaux-Arts and was delivered the seat number 7 of the painting section.", "Commitment for public culture and education\nMathieu advocated for the embellishment of cities, the improvement of the design of everyday objects and the debasement of culture organised by mass medias.", "He made influential contributions to decorative arts, craftsmanship and architecture.", "Concurrently, he rose up against the weak presence of arts in national education and defended the introduction of compulsory art courses in French schools, covering history of arts, practice of sensitivity and exercise of arts (drawing, sculpture, music, singing).", "He finally initiated political workgroups with Pierre Dehaye in 1980 to reform the cultural education at the French ministry of education and submitted a bill presented to the French parliament.", "The bill was refused in 1980, for lack of proper financial support.", "He died on 10 June 2012 at 91 years old in Boulogne-Billancourt and lies in the Montmartre Cemetery in Paris.", "Conception of lyrical abstraction\n\nFrom 1947 Mathieu published several manifestos to define his conception of a lyrical abstraction.", "In particular, he postulates four conditions that characterizes the movement:\n Primacy of speed of execution : speed prevails to avoid the interference of consciousness of the artist.", "No preexisting shapes : the painter must not rely on any reference at all.", "No premeditated moves from the artist : painting is not a cognitive process.", "Ecstatic state of mind of the artist : isolation and concentration of the artist help release.", "Mathieu positions its work, and more generally lyrical abstraction, as the latest of all cyclical transitions to happen in history of art.", "Each transition concerns a specific painting characteristic : shape, color, signification of signs, ...).", "One full transition can be broken down into six different stages, according to the intensity of the alteration of the considered painting characteristic.", "Mathieu reacted consistently against greco-Latin classicism, Renaissance's legacy and all forms of later geometric abstraction.", "He considers lyrical abstraction as the latest revolution to happen in the history of arts : freed from realism by Impressionism, from shapes by Cubism, from representation of perceptible reality by geometric abstraction, art experiences the liberation of the all its past references from nature.", "From his reflexion he develops his own expression of a lyrical abstraction : \"Henceforth in the history of shapes as in the history of the world, the sign precedes its meaning\".", "Thus, Mathieu considered later art movements as Dadaism, Nouveau réalisme, Arte Povera as a relapse, because they appeal to representations of visible real.", "In addition, he criticized them for their so-called nihilist dimension, as their interpretation does not call on human sensibility.", "Fine arts works\n\nPublic performance and precursor of the happenings\nMathieu tried to move the artist and the observer closer.", "He often performed in front of an audience : \"Few understood that painting in public represents for me a true communion amongst men\".", "These happenings outlined the virtuosity and speed of his gestures.", "In 1956 was painted in front of 2000 people at the théatre Sarah Bernard Hommage aux poètes du monde entier, a 400x1200cm canvas using more than 800 paint tubes.", "Many of his performances were filmed, as in 1963 for the Canadian television.", "\"The most important moments are clearly when I paint in public.", "In fact, this process, without me being aware of it, works in a mediumistic way to heighten the concentration of the situation.", "As a result, concentration is the decisive element that separates this type of art from all other art the West has known over the past twenty centuries… It is the joy of communion with the other.", "A little like what happens in love.", "What defines love is this tension between two beings with a shared focus.", "If it were just a simple attraction between two people, it would have none of the grandeur.\"", "He also worked with sculpture and performed light painting.", "Painting technique and execution\nMathieu handled brushes, flannels or painted directly out of the tube.", "He pioneered dripping techniques in some of his early works, as in Evanescence 1945).", "His speed of execution very quickly became his signature style.", "In 1959 he painted the 2.5x6 metre painting Le Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy (The Saint-Bartholomew's Day Massacre) in less than half an hour, accompanied by the jazz drummer Kenny Clarke.", "\"I did not paint fast by lack of time or to break records, but simply because I did not need more time to do what I had to do and conversely, a longer time would have slowed down gesture, introducing doubts, would have affected the purity of strokes, the cruelty of shapes, the unity of the artwork.\"", "He occasionally wore outfits during his performances.", "He painted most of his major works and wrote most of his essays on Sundays.", "Mathieu rapidly explored giant-sized canvases.", "\"I love to paint excessively large paintings, because the risk is hereby higher\".", "Furthermore, it allowed him to exploit graphical effects of centrifugal forces applied by wide gestures on the paint.", "Evolution of the style\n\nInformalism\nThe first abstract works of Mathieu featured organic shapes, \"shapes with no possible signification\".", "Some of his techniques anticipated the work of Jackson Pollock to come two years later and announced the movement of Action Painting.", "Tachisme\nIn 1950 his drips became more solid and aggregate around a central kernel.", "The palette was limited to warm colors.", "From 1951 Mathieu studied tachism on monochromic canvases: blobs of painting appeared \"because one needs a certain colored area at a certain place, and the most direct way is to lay the brush on the canvas with a varying degree of violence (inducing spatters) without having delimited the space to be so colored.", "\", as in Le Maréchal de Turenne, Blanche de Turenne, La Bataille de Bouvines.", "Lyrical abstraction\nIn the 1960s, his zen period features only a few strokes on monochromatic backgrounds, illuminating the power of the sign.", "Examples include La Bataille de Brunkerberg and Bulle Omnium Datum Optimum.", "In 1970 Mathieu focused on the equilibrium between balance and vividness, and showed central shapes on a uniform blocks of color.", "From 1984 Mathieu achieved what he calls a \"cosmic turning point\" in his painting.", "His compositions did not favor a center anymore: the graphical elements multiplied on the canvas, the painting found its balance by the tension between these elements.", "Titles\nMathieu admitted a deep passion for history, especially for the Middle-Ages.", "Therefore, many works of the painter were named after historical battles and events : La Bataille de Bouvines (The Battle of Bouvines), La Victoire de Denain (The Victory of Denain) and Les Capétiens partout (Capetians everywhere).", "The question of the relation between the canvas names and the act of painting has often been debated, as some critics saw in his painting the renewal of historical painting.", "However, the painter always denied any representation of historical events in his works.", "He nonetheless admitted having chosen titles in relation to the place where the canvas had been painted (Hommage au général Hideyoshi, Hommage au général San Martin), the day it had been performed (La Victoire de Denain, La Bataille de Tibériade), or its tone (La Bataille des Eperons d’Or).", "Other titles were inspired by mathematics (Théorème d'Alexandrov), physics (Le principe de Pauli) or philosophy (Grand algorithme blanc).", "Other artistic contributions\nThroughout his career, Mathieu fought for the introduction of art in the modern society and applied his style to a variety of fields.", "Urbanism and architecture\nIn 1964 Mathieu carried out architectural plans for the city of Castellas.", "In 1966, industrial owner Guy Biraud commissioned him to draw up the plans of the electrical transformer factory of Fontenay-le-Comte.", "Tapestry and porcelain\nMathieu considered handcrafts to have experienced little evolution during the 20th century and worked with French national factories.", "In 1966 he joined the porcelain workshop Manufacture de Sèvres and created his series of porcelain plates.", "He produced many tapestries in partnership with the Manufacture nationale des Gobelins in Paris.", "Stamps\nSome of Mathieu's work have been adapted as national stamps designs.", "In 1972 he designed his first featured stamp for the Indian post office of New Delhi.", "Later in 1974 was emitted a stamp featuring the tapestry Hommage à Nicolas Fouquet.", "Another stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Battle of France led by General Charles de Gaulle was created in 1980.", "Mint\nIn 1973 a public contest was launched for the renewal of the ten-francs coin : Mathieu was asked to participate.", "His project features the depiction of the industrial France on one side, and the Mathieu hexagonal shaped outline of the country on the other side.", "On the 31 July 1974, the French Minister of Finance announced that Mathieu's proposal had been chosen among the 342 other submitted projects.", "The cupronickel aluminium coin was emitted from 1974 to 1987 with a print-run of 100 million copies.", "Advertising\nMathieu has been commissioned several advertising campaigns.", "In 1966 the airlines company Air France ordered Mathieu a series of posters for its future advertising campaign.", "The series featured paintings evocative of some major destinations (New York, Brazil, Japan, Germany...), all in the style of lyrical abstraction, pointed out for the graphical coherence between the countries and their representation.", "The French television awards Les 7 d'or, broadcast from 1985 to 2001, offered a statue designed by Mathieu to the winners.", "The Champagne producer Deutz created decorated bottles of Champagne designed by Mathieu.", "Legacy\n\nThe Gutai group of Japanese artists also created a live work inspired from Mathieu's in a similar spirit to his art during the 1950s.", "In their 1956 manifesto, its members acknowledged their interest in the techniques of two specific painters: “Concerning contemporary art, we respect Pollock and Mathieu because their work seems to embody cries uttered out of matter, pigment and enamel.", "Their work is about merging with matter using techniques that are particularly reflective of their own individual personalities.", "More precisely, they put themselves at the service of matter in a powerfully symbiotic way.”\n\nSome of his works anticipates the revival of the modern-style Graffiti.", "Publications\n\nWritings by Mathieu\n1959 : De l’abstrait au possible, Ed.", "Cercle d’Art Contemporain.", "1960 : From the abstract to the possible, Ed.", "Cercle d’Art Contemporain.", "1963 : Au-delà du Tachisme, Ed.", "Julliard, Paris.", "1967 : Le Privilège d’être, Ed.", "Robert Morel, Paris.", "1973 : De la révolte à la renaissance, Collection « Idées », Ed.", "Gallimard, Paris.", "1975 : La Réponse de l’Abstraction lyrique, Ed.", "La Table Ronde, Paris.", "1976 : Notice sur la vie et les travaux d’Alfred Giess, Institut de France, Paris.", "1984 : L’Abstraction prophétique, Collection « Idées », Ed.", "Gallimard.", "1994 : Le Massacre de la sensibilité, Ed.", "Jean Picollec, Paris.", "1998 : Désormais seul en face de Dieu, Ed.", "l’Age de l’Homme.", "Writings on Mathieu\n Georges Mathieu; Dominique Quignon-Fleuret.", "Mathieu (New York : Crown Publishers, 1977) ; \n Michel Tapié; Georges Mathieu; Stable Gallery (New York, N.Y.).", "The significant message of Georges Mathieu (New York : Stable Gallery, 1952) OCLC 79307225\nMüller-Yao, Marguerite Hui: Der Einfluß der Kunst der chinesischen Kalligraphie auf die westliche informelle Malerei, Diss.", "Bonn, Köln 1985.", "Filmography\n1954 : La Bataille de Bouvines, Robert Descharnes.", "1956 : Le Couronnement de Charlemagne, Robert Descharnes.", "1959 : La Saint-Barthélémy, O.R.T.F.", "Productions.", "1959 : Hommage au Connétable de Bourbon, A. Rainer.", "1961 : Georges Mathieu, J. Mousseau et J. Feller.", "1965 : Paris, capitale des arts, O.R.T.F.", "Productions.", "1967 : Georges Mathieu, F. Warin.", "1968 : Georges Mathieu, P. Lhoste et G. Roze.", "1968 : Georges Mathieu, par les Analyses Cinématographiques.", "1971 : Georges Mathieu, L. Thorn.", "1971 : Georges Mathieu ou la fureur d’être, par Frédéric Rossif, TéléHachette.", "1979 : A la recherche de Georges Mathieu, Daniel Lecomte, Antenne 2.", "1986 : Georges Mathieu, Philippe Ducrest.", "1992 : Spectacle son et lumière donné en août 1992 dans la cour du Château de Boulogne-sur-Mer, Th.", "Choumitzky.", "See also\nLyrical Abstraction\nFrench art\nTachisme\nGroupe Gutaï\nMichel Tapié\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official site and reference for exhibitions and paintings\n Georges Mathieu's selected works\n Georges Mathieu interviewed on a 90 minutes dedicated TV show \"L'homme en question\"\n\nArt Informel and Tachisme painters\n1921 births\n2012 deaths\n20th-century French painters\n20th-century male artists\nFrench male painters\n21st-century French painters\n21st-century male artists\nSchool of Paris\nAbstract expressionist artists\nPeople from Boulogne-sur-Mer\nMembers of the Académie des beaux-arts\nFrench stamp designers\nAbstract painters\nFrench abstract artists" ]

[ "A member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris, he was a French abstract painter.", "He is considered to be one of the fathers of European poetics.", "He was born in Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1921.", "His father was employed as a bank manager.", "His mother taught him to draw when he was a child.", "The family lived near the ramparts.", "He was placed in the care of his aunt at Versailles after his parents divorced.", "He attended a number of schools in Boulogne-sur-Mer from 1927 to 1933.", "He graduated from the University of Lille with a degree in English and law.", "He was an English teacher at the lycée of Douai in the north of France.", "He worked as an interpreter for the American Army in Cambrai in 1944, as well as teaching at the American University of Biarritz and Istres.", "In 1942, he painted England from postcards as a hobby.", "He began his reflection on aesthetic held by the idea that painting does not need to exist.", "The revelation came from the readings of Edward Crankshaw and his interpretation of the work of Joseph Conrad.", "He did his first non-figurative painting.", "In 1947, he settled in Paris, employed the American Express, and rented a room near the Luxembourg Palace.", "He worked for the United States Lines in charge of public relations on the line between New York City and Le Havre, and his function was to welcome and accompany travelers during their move between Le Havre and Paris.", "To reach a prestigious clientele and form his first network of potential customers was what this position was for.", "He met Salvador Dal for the first time.", "He was considered to be the editor-in-chief of the United States Lines Paris Revue.", "John Cage, Pierre Boulez, Mark Tobey, Henry Miller, Albert Einstein, and other famous people were interviewed in the journal, which was free until 1963.", "The Salon des moins de 30 ans exhibition in Paris featured his first abstract paintings.", "On December 16, 1947, he founded the first artistic group L'Imaginaire with Wols, Jean-Michel Atlan, Hartung, Bryen, Riopelle and fourteen other painters at the Galerie du Luxembourg.", "The title of the exhibition was changed because of the presence of works by Picasso and Arp.", "He exposes at two places in the same year.", "The H.W.P.S.M.T.B. group is later expanded with the creation of H.W.P.S.M.T.B.", "The concept of Lyrical Abstraction was defined by him.", "The first confrontation between American and French avant-garde painters took place in 1948, when he showed the importance of Jackson Pollock and Tobey to the French audience.", "He painted his first canvases in 1952.", "In 1959 he traveled and painted in Brazil, Argentina and the Middle-East.", "The retrospectives of his work began in 1959.", "The Cérémonies commmoratives de la seconde condamnation de Siger de Brabant were held by the Hantas.", "Various debates questioned the foundations of western civilisations, the role of the great men and revolutions that shaped the western culture from the Edict of Milan in 313 up to the contemporary breakthrough in physics and philosophy.", "Many scholars like T.S.", "Scientists and philosophers took a stand at the conferences.", "Siger de Brabant was a key figure in the 13th-century.", "There were 100 paintings at the Galerie Charpentier.", "A giant canvas with primary colors on a blue background was executed for the event Paris, Capitale des Arts.", "The headquarters of Sotheby's France can be found on the walls of Galerie Charpentier.", "The fifteen last years of his production were covered in a retrospective at the Grand Palais.", "Seven six meters wide paintings were made for the occasion.", "He is the Commander of Arts and Letters.", "There are more than 90 museums where Mathieu's works can be found.", "He was delivered the seat number 7 of the painting section when he became a member of the Academie des Beaux-Arts.", "The debasement of culture organised by mass medias, the improvement of the design of everyday objects, and the commitment for public culture and education were all advocated by Mathieu.", "He made significant contributions to the arts.", "He rose up against the weak presence of arts in national education and defended the introduction of compulsory art courses in French schools.", "He submitted a bill to the French parliament in 1980 to reform the cultural education at the French ministry of education.", "The bill was refused due to lack of financial support.", "He died in Boulogne-Billancourt on June 10, 2012 at the age of 91.", "In 1947, Mathieu published several manifestos to define his conception of a lyrical abstract.", "The movement is characterized by four conditions, the first of which is the tendency of speed of execution.", "The painter cannot rely on any previous shapes.", "Painting is not a cognitive process.", "Isolation and concentration of the artist help release is the ecstatic state of mind of the artist.", "The latest of all transitions to happen in history of art is what Mathieu positions its work as.", "Each transition is concerned with a painting characteristic: shape, color, signification of signs.", "A full transition can be broken down into six different stages according to the intensity of the painting characteristic.", "Greco-Latin classicism, Renaissance's legacy and all forms of later geometric abstraction were all reacted against by Mathieu.", "The liberation of the all its past references from nature is what he considers the latest revolution to happen in the history of arts.", "In the history of shapes as in the history of the world, the sign precedes its meaning.", "The later art movements were considered a relapse because they appeal to representations of visible real.", "He criticized them for their so-called nihilist dimension, as their interpretation does not call on human sense.", "Mathieu tried to move the artist and the observer closer to each other.", "He often performed in front of an audience, saying that painting in public represents for him a true communion amongst men.", "His gestures were outlined in these events.", "The canvas was painted in front of 2000 people at the théatre Sarah Bernard Hommage aux potes du monde entier.", "In 1963, he was filmed for the Canadian television.", "The most important moments are when I paint in public.", "This process works in a way that heightens the concentration of the situation without me being aware of it.", "The joy of communion with the other is what distinguishes this type of art from all other art the West has known.", "It's like what happens in love.", "The tension between two beings is what defines love.", "It wouldn't have the grandeur if it were just a simple attraction between two people.", "He did light painting.", "The painter handled brushes, flannels or painted directly out of the tube.", "In Evanescence 1945, he pioneered dripping techniques.", "His signature style was his speed of execution.", "The painting Le Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy was painted in less than half an hour with the help of a jazz drummer.", "I did not paint fast because I did not need more time to do what I had to do, but because a longer time would have slowed down gesture, introduced doubts, and affected the purity of strokes.", "He wore clothes during his performances.", "He wrote most of his essays on Sundays.", "The canvases were giant-sized.", "I like to paint large paintings because of the higher risk.", "He was able to use graphical effects of forces applied by wide gestures on the paint.", "The first abstract works of Mathieu featured shapes with no signification.", "Jackson Pollock's work was anticipated by some of his techniques and the movement of action painting was announced.", "In 1950 Tachisme's drips became more solid.", "Warm colors were limited.", "The most direct way to paint is to lay the brush on the canvas with a varying degree of violence.", "As in Le Maréchal de Turenne and La Bataille de Bouvines.", "In the 1960s, his zen period features only a few strokes on a single background, illuminating the power of the sign.", "The examples include La Bataille de Brunkerberg.", "The equilibrium between balance and vividness was the focus of Mathieu's work in 1970.", "He calls it a Cosmic turning point in his painting.", "The tension between the graphical elements and the canvas gave the painting its balance.", "He admitted to a deep passion for history.", "Many works of the painter were named after battles and events.", "Some critics saw in his painting the renewal of historical painting the relation between the canvas names and the act of painting.", "The painter denied any representation of historical events in his works.", "He admitted that he had chosen titles in relation to the place where the canvas had been painted.", "The titles were inspired by mathematics, physics, and philosophy.", "He applied his style to a variety of fields and fought for the introduction of art in the modern society.", "There were architectural plans for the city of Castellas.", "The plans for the electrical transformer factory of Fontenay-le-Comte were drawn up in 1966.", "During the 20th century, he worked with French national factories and considered tapestries and porcelain to have experienced little evolution.", "His porcelain plates were created in 1966 at the Manufacture de Svres.", "He collaborated with the Manufacture nationale des Gobelins in Paris to produce tapestries.", "Some of Mathieu's work has been adapted into stamps.", "In 1972 he designed a stamp for the New Delhi post office.", "The tapestry Hommage Nicolas Fouquet was featured on a stamp in 1974.", "The 40th anniversary of the Battle of France was marked by the creation of a stamp.", "In 1973, a public contest was launched for the renewal of the ten-francs coin.", "There is a depiction of the industrial France on one side and a hexagonal shaped outline of the country on the other side.", "On July 31, 1974, the French Minister of Finance announced that Mathieu's proposal had been chosen among the 343 other submitted projects.", "From 1974 to 1987 there was a print-run of 100 million cups.", "There have been several advertising campaigns.", "Air France ordered a series of posters from Mathieu in 1966.", "The paintings of New York, Brazil, Japan, and Germany were all evocative and pointed out for the graphical coherence between the countries and their representation.", "The Les 7 d'or awards offered a statue to the winners.", "The bottles of Champagne were decorated by Deutz.", "The Gutai group of Japanese artists created a live work inspired by the work of Mathieu.", "The members of the group acknowledged their interest in the techniques of two specific painters.", "Their work is about merging with matter using techniques that are reflective of their own personality.", "He said, \"They put themselves at the service of matter in a powerfully symbiotic way.\"", "Writings by Mathieu 1959 are in the Publications.", "The art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the", "Ed said from the abstract to the possible.", "The art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the art of the", "Au-del du Tachisme was published in 1963.", "Julliard is in Paris.", "Le Privilge d'tre was published in 1967.", "Robert Morel is in Paris.", "Collection Idées, Ed., was published in 1973.", "Gallimard is in Paris.", "The 1975 edition of La Réponse de l'Abstraction lyrique.", "The table is in Paris.", "There is a notice at theInstitut de France, Paris.", "Collection Idées, Ed., was published in 1984.", "Gallimard.", "Le massacre de la sensibilité was written in 1994.", "Jean Picollec is in Paris.", "De face de Dieu, Ed. seul en face.", "The age of l'Homme.", "Writings on two people.", "Stable Gallery is in New York, N.Y.", "The important message of Mller-Yao and Marguerite Hui is \"Die westliche informelle Malerei, Diss.\"", "Bonn, Kln in 1985.", "Robert Descharnes was the filmography of La Bataille de Bouvines.", "Robert Descharnes was the author of Le Couronnement de Charlemagne.", "1959 was the year of La Saint-Barthélémy.", "Production.", "1959 was the year of Hommage Au Connétable de Bourbon.", "J. Feller, J. Mousseau, and Georges Mathieu were involved in 1961.", "Paris, capitale des arts, O.R.T.F.", "Production.", "F. Warin and Georges Mathieu.", "P. Lhoste and G. Roze were involved in 1968.", "The Analyses Cinématographiques was published in 1968.", "L. Thorn was written by Georges Mathieu.", "1974 : Frédéric Rossif, TéléHachette.", "A la recherche de Daniel Lecomte was recorded in 1979.", "Philippe Ducrest.", "Spectacle son et lumire donné en aot 1992 in Boulogne-sur-Mer.", "There is a person named Choumitzky.", "There are links to exhibitions and paintings on the official site of the Tachisme Groupe GutaMichel Tapié." ]

[ "Georges Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Adolphe Georges Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu" ]

[ "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu", "Georges Mathieu" ]

[ "Jean Charles Pierre Lenoir (10 December 1732 – 17 November 1807) was a French lawyer who headed the Paris police in the period immediately before the French Revolution of 1789–99.", "He had broad responsibility for maintaining public order, reducing dirt and disease and ensuring that the population received adequate supplies of food.", "He introduced many reforms into the administration of the city.", "Early years\n\nJean Charles Pierre Lenoir was born on 10 December 1732 in Paris.", "His family had made its fortune under Louis XIV in the silk trade, then moved into the Paris robe.", "His father was a lieutenant particulier in the Châtelet.", "Lenoir studied at the Collège Louis-le-Grand and the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris.", "He then became a traditional servant of the king.", "Like other senior administrators, he believed in enlightened despotism following the rational and reformist principles of the Encyclopédistes.", "Lenoir entered the Châtelet and was promoted through the three grades.", "He was appointed adviser to the Châtelet in 1752, became a special lieutenant in 1754 and criminal lieutenant in 1759.", "In 1765 he was appointed maître des requêtes.", "He served in Rennes on the royal commission that investigated the Chalotais affair.", "He implemented the Maupeou reforms in Aix-en-Provence.", "When Louis XVI came to the throne Lenoir succeeded Anne Robert Jacques Turgot as intendent at Limoges.", "First term as head of Paris police\n\nBefore taking up his post in Limoges Lenoir was appointed lieutenant-général de police through the influence of Antoine de Sartine, who had been promoted from this post to become Minister of the Navy.", "Lenoir took office on 30 August 1774.", "He objected when Turgot as controller general announced that the extremely liberal grain policies of the 1760s were to be restored without consulting Lenoir.", "In the spring of 1775 the disorders called the Flour War spread through the heart of France.", "Lenoir fell into disgrace and was dismissed by Turgot in May 1775 when the riots in Paris spread out of control.", "Second term as head of Paris police\n\nTurgot was dismissed in 1776.", "Lenoir was reinstalled as lieutenant general of the police on 19 June 1776.", "His mandate was to maintain moral order.", "His police secured property and public places, monitored authors and their publications, and enforced physical and moral values on the poor.", "They also distributed bread and grain, regulated guilds and manufactures, supervised royal funding of charities and were responsible for health and sanitation.", "While maintaining order in Paris, Lenoir had to adapt to the constantly shifting policies and balance of power in the court of Versailles.", "He remained loyal to his two protectors, Sartine and Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, and drew the hostility of their enemies such as Turgot and Necker.", "Intelligence\n\nThe Paris police force was the largest in Europe, with one member for every 545 inhabitants of the city, as well as 340 spies.", "A stock saying in Paris at the time was that when two people had a conversation, another was listening.", "Lenoir helped the Foreign Minister, Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, monitor the opinion of the public and of his political enemies.", "(Vergennes was not always a reliable friend, and did not support Lenoir during his later conflict with Breteuil.)", "The salons of Paris provided a way by which the elite could generally avoid censorship and talk freely, although the police monitored them and could lay charges for distribution of unauthorized publications or subversive talk.", "Under Lenoir the police set up their own salon.", "Lenoir claimed that he gained more useful information from this salon than from all his inspectors and other contacts.", "He wrote that his salonnière, \n\nLenoir was head of the Paris police at the same time that Benjamin Franklin arrived in Paris in 1776 to advocate for the cause of American independence.", "Lenoir gathered information on American correspondence, for example via mail interception, and followed British personnel that were also interested in the American cause.", "No British diplomat was more closely tracked than the British ambassador, Stormont, whose informants were informed upon to Lenoir.", "Food supplies\n\nLenoir considered that Turgot's instructions to maintain security yet \"not to meddle with bread\" had been contradictory.", "After returning to office Lenoir instituted a more flexible form of price control to be used only when he felt the market had failed to set reasonable prices.", "In his view the bakers should be able to profit in good times in exchange for accepting some losses when times were hard.", "He instituted regular checks on prices and encouraged citizens to complain of excess prices.", "He was a friend of Charles Alexandre de Calonne, Controller General of Finance, who consulted him on matters related to provisioning the city and its financial administration.", "Under Lenoir's administration the halls and markets for provisions were well-run.", "A free school of bakery was established in 1782 after much discussion between Lenoir and Jacques Necker, the banker and finance minister, in which scientific theory and practice were to be combined.", "The purpose was to research all aspects of bread manufacture and disseminate the findings throughout France.", "The Halle aux blés (corn exchange) was completed with a dome on 11 September 1783.", "The interior of the dome was decorated with medallion portraits of Louis XVI, Lenoir and Philibert Delorme, inventor of the technique used to make the dome.", "Health\n\nAs well as being responsible for maintaining civil order, Lenoir was concerned with reducing dirt and disease.", "Public health was considered a police responsibility.", "Lenoir was chief administrator of the Hôpital Général of Paris, and the driving force behind the \"new hospitals\" where the aim was to help the patient recover, as opposed to the traditional hospitals of the religious orders where the aim was to save the patient's soul.", "However, he ensured that the statutes for hospitals included a statement that, \"There is to be strict attention to morals, hours of prayer, and divine office; before childbirth all women must take the sacraments.\"", "In 1780 Lenoir found a free hospital for children who had been born with venereal disease.", "Infected women and children were to be treated at the Hôpital de Vaugirard at the expense of the municipal government.", "Lenoir subsidized a competition for the best memoir on the treatment of rabies.", "On 30 June 1777 Lenoir presided over the formal installation of the College of Pharmacy, whose regulations he had prepared.", "The college had influence beyond Paris, since it could receive masters for provincial towns that did not have an association of apothecaries or college of medicine.", "Lenoir appointed the first provosts to inspect the places where medicines were compounded.", "In 1780 Lenoir made the pharmacist Antoine-Alexis Cadet de Vaux the \"salubrity inspector\" of Paris.", "Cadet de Vaux used muriatic acids, combustion of smoke, efficient ventilation and other innovative methods to disinfect insanitary workshops and public places.", "Other measures\n\nLenoir ensured that many improvements were made to security, lighting, fire control and public assistance in the city\nHe founded the Mont-de-Piété pawnbroking institution and took measures against begging, gambling and prostitution.", "Lenoir's appointment resulted in a slackening in the enforcement of restrictions against public entertainment.", "Lenoir had a more tolerant attitude toward the theaters on the boulevard and at the fairs, since he regarded them as a necessary and comparatively innocuous amusement for the continually increasing working-class population of the capital.", "In fact, it became a requirement for the entrepreneurs of the boulevard to maintain their fairground operations, otherwise the crowds at the fairs would significantly decrease.", "Prostitution was widespread and practiced openly in Paris.", "In 1778 Lenoir published an Ordonnance that imposed harsher fines on women who solicited and those who rented rooms to prostitutes.", "It was hoped that the result would be greater registration and control of prostitutes working in licensed brothels.", "The Ordonnance was not effective and clandestine arrangements continued to be widespread.", "The police employed spies to discover them.", "The police made much use of prostitutes in brothels as informants.", "Mercier's Tableau de Paris describes the squalid conditions and says, \"Yes, there are beings lower than these women on ill repute, and these beings are men of the police.\"", "In 1777 Lenoir created the Bureau de la filature (Spinning Office) near the Porte Saint-Denis, in an area where cloth was manufactured.", "The purpose was \"improving the quality of the workers' spun thread, finding outlets for the thread, supervising the choice of workers in order to employ those capable of carrying out other types of work.", "Lenoir appointed the administrators and chaired their meetings.", "The bureau was subsidized by the crown.", "In the winter of 1783–84 Lenoir increased the subsidy.", "Of the 20,000 Parisians assisted by the government at this time, 7,000–8,000 were women employed by the Bureau.", "It was described as a charity of the king, but it was also seen as a way to prevent idleness and social disturbances due to extreme poverty.", "It also let manufacturers bypass the guilds and experiment with new techniques.", "After 1737 the only place in Paris where French Protestants could be buried was a wood yard on the river bank beside the Faubourg Saint-Antoine.", "In 1777 Lenoir accepted a suggestion from the Dutch ambassador and allowed the burial of French Protestants in the courtyard of the cemetery for foreign Protestants.", "The first public Protestant funeral was held in Paris that year without causing any disturbances.", "Later years\n\nLenoir left his post with the Paris police in August 1785, apparently due to a disagreement with Baron Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Minister of the Royal Household.", "He became a conseiller ordinaire in the Council of State.", "He was appointed king's librarian in 1785 and chairman of the Finance Commission in 1787.", "Lenoir went into exile in 1792 after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and lived in Switzerland and then for a long time in Vienna.", "He returned to France after the Consulate took power and retired to the countryside near Paris on a pension from the Mont-de-Piété.", "Lenoir worked on a treatise that would defend his actions against the revolutionaries, and those of other police officials since 1667.", "He began writing in 1790, and seems to have worked on it intermittently for the remainder of his life.", "His memoir remained unfinished when he died.", "It provides a valuable insight into the revolution as seen by an enlightened supporter of the Ancien Régime institutions.", "Jean Lenoir died on 17 November 1807 in Crosne, in what is now the department of Essonne, aged 74.", "Publications\n\nNotes\n\nSources\n\nSee also\n William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland\n Paul Wentworth\n\n1732 births\n1807 deaths\nLawyers from Paris\nLieutenant generals of police of Paris\nPeople of the Ancien Régime" ]

[ "The Paris police were headed by a French lawyer named Jean Charles Pierre Lenoir in the period immediately before the French Revolution of 1789–99.", "He was responsible for maintaining public order, reducing dirt and disease, and ensuring adequate supplies of food.", "He made a lot of changes to the administration of the city.", "On December 10, 1732, Jean Charles Pierre Lenoir was born in Paris.", "His family moved into the Paris robe after making its fortune in the silk trade.", "His father was a lieutenant.", "The Faculty of Law of the University of Paris was where Lenoir studied.", "He became a traditional servant of the king.", "Like other senior administrators, he believed in enlightened despotism.", "He was promoted through the three grades.", "He became a special lieutenant in 1754 and a criminal lieutenant in 1759.", "He was appointed matre des requtes in 1765.", "He was a member of the royal commission that investigated the Chalotais affair.", "The reforms were implemented in Aix-en-Provence.", "Anne Robert Jacques Turgot was intendedent at Limoges when Louis XIV came to the throne.", "After taking up his post as head of Paris police, he was promoted to lieutenant-graléné de police through the influence of the Minister of the Navy.", "On August 30th, 1774, Lenoir took office.", "He objected when Turgot said that the extremely liberal grain policies of the 1760s would be restored.", "The Flour War began in the heart of France in the spring of 1775.", "When the riots in Paris spread out of control, Turgot dismissed Lenoir.", "Turgot had a second term as head of Paris police.", "On June 19th, 1776, Lenoir was reinstalled as lieutenant general of the police.", "His job was to maintain moral order.", "His police secured property and public places, monitored authors and their publications, and enforced physical and moral values on the poor.", "They distributed bread and grain, regulated guilds and manufactures, supervised royal funding of charities and were responsible for health and Sanitation.", "The balance of power in the court of Versailles made it difficult for Lenoir to maintain order in Paris.", "He was loyal to his two protectors and enemies such as Turgot and Necker.", "The Paris police force had one member for every 556 inhabitants of the city, as well as 340 spies.", "A stock in Paris said that when two people had a conversation, another was listening.", "The Foreign Minister monitored the opinion of the public and his political enemies.", "Vergennes was not always a reliable friend, and did not support Lenoir during his later conflict.", "The police could lay charges for distribution of unauthorized publications, but the elite could generally avoid them because of the salons of Paris.", "The police set up a salon.", "He claimed that he got more useful information from this salon.", "At the same time that Benjamin Franklin arrived in Paris to advocate for American independence, he was head of the Paris police.", "Lenoir followed British personnel that were interested in the American cause and gathered information on American correspondence.", "No British diplomat was more closely watched than the British ambassador, Stormont.", "Turgot's instructions to not to meddle with bread had been conflicting.", "When the market had failed to set reasonable prices, Lenoir instituted a more flexible form of price control.", "The bakers should be able to make money in good times if they accept some losses during hard times.", "He encouraged citizens to complain of excess prices.", "He was a friend of the Controller General of Finance and he consulted him on matters related to the city's financial administration.", "The markets for provisions were well-run.", "In order to combine scientific theory and practice, a free school of bakery was established in 1782.", "The purpose was to spread the findings throughout France.", "The dome was built on 11 September 1783.", "The dome's interior was decorated with portraits of the inventors of the technique used to make it.", "As well as being responsible for civil order, Lenoir was concerned with health.", "Public health is a police responsibility.", "The aim of the new hospitals was to help the patient recover, as opposed to the traditional hospitals of the religious orders where the aim was to save the patient's soul.", "He made sure that the statutes for hospitals included a statement about the importance of morals, hours of prayer, and divine office before a woman gives birth.", "There was a free hospital for children who had been born with venereal disease.", "The Hpital de Vaugirard was to be paid for by the municipal government.", "There was a competition for the best memoir on the treatment of rabies.", "The College of Pharmacy was formally installed on 30 June 1777.", "The college was able to get masters for provincial towns that did not have an association of apothecaries or college of medicine.", "The places where medicines were compounded were inspected by the first provosts.", "Antoine-Alexis Cadet de Vaux was the \"salubrity inspector\" of Paris.", "Insanitary workshops and public places were disinfected using innovative methods.", "He founded the Mont-de-Piété pawnbroking institution and took measures against begging, gambling and prostitution.", "The slackening in the enforcement of restrictions against public entertainment was a result of Lenoir's appointment.", "He was more tolerant of the theaters on the boulevard and at the fairs since he thought them to be a necessary and relatively innocuous amusement for the constantly increasing working-class population of the capital.", "If the entrepreneurs of the boulevard didn't maintain their fairground operations, the crowds at the fairs would decrease.", "Prostitution was common in Paris.", "The harsher fines were imposed on women who solicited and those who rented rooms to prostitutes.", "It was hoped that the result would be better control of prostitutes working in brothels.", "The Ordonnance was not effective.", "The police used spies to find them.", "Prostitution was used as an instrument by the police.", "\"Yes, there are beings lower than these women on ill repute, and these beings are men of the police,\" says the Tableau de Paris.", "The Bureau de la filature was created in an area where cloth was made.", "The purpose was to improve the quality of the workers' spun thread, find outlets for the thread, and supervise the choice of workers in order to employ those capable of carrying out other types of work.", "The administrators were appointed by Lenoir.", "The crown subsidized the bureau.", "The subsidy was increased in the winter.", "The Bureau employed 7,000 to 8000 women who were assisted by the government.", "It was said to be a charity of the king, but it was also seen as a way to prevent social unrest due to extreme poverty.", "It allowed manufacturers to experiment with new techniques.", "The Faubourg Saint-Antoine was the only place in Paris where French Protestants could be buried.", "The Dutch ambassador suggested that the French Protestants be buried in the courtyard of the cemetery for foreign Protestants.", "The first public Protestant funeral was held in Paris.", "In August 1785, after a disagreement with Baron Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, the Minister of the Royal Household, Lenoir left his post with the Paris police.", "He was an ordinaire in the Council of State.", "The finance commission was chaired by him in 1787.", "After the French Revolution, Lenoir went into exile and lived in Switzerland and Vienna for a long time.", "He retired to the countryside near Paris on a pension from the Mont-de-Piété after the Consulate took power.", "Since 1667, Lenoir has defended his actions against the revolutionaries and other police officials.", "He worked on his writing intermittently for the rest of his life, after he began writing in 1790.", "His memoir was not finished when he died.", "An enlightened supporter of the Ancien Régime institutions sees it as a valuable insight into the revolution.", "In what is now the department of Essonne, Jean Lenoir died on 17 November 1807.", "The 1st Baron Paul Wentworth was born in 1732 and died in 1807." ]

[ "Jean Charles Pierre Lenoir", "Jean Charles Pierre Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Jean Lenoir" ]

[ "Jean Charles Pierre Lenoir", "Jean Charles Pierre Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Lenoir", "Jean Lenoir" ]

[ "Abdul Haq Wasiq ( ; born 1971) is the current Director of Intelligence of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since September 7, 2021.", "He was previously the Deputy Minister of Intelligence in the former Taliban government (1996–2001).", "He was held in extrajudicial detention in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba, from 2002 to 2014.", "His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 4.", "American intelligence analysts estimate that he was born in 1971 in Ghazni Province, Afghanistan.", "Abdul Haq Wasiq arrived at the Guantanamo detention camps on January 11, 2002, and he was held there until May 31, 2014.", "He was released, along with the other four members of the so-called Taliban Five—Mohammad Fazl, Khairullah Khairkhwa, Norullah Noori, and Mohammad Nabi Omari—in exchange for the release of United States Army soldier Bowe Bergdahl, who had been held captive by the Taliban-aligned Haqqani network.", "Held aboard the USS Bataan\nFormer Taliban Ambassador to Pakistan Abdul Salam Zaeef described being flown to the United States Navy's amphibious warfare vessel, the USS Bataan, for special interrogation.", "Zaeef wrote that the cells were located six decks down and were only 1 meter by 2 meters.", "He wrote that the captives weren't allowed to speak with one another, but that he \"eventually saw that Mullahs Fazal, Noori, Burhan, Wasseeq Sahib and Rohani were all among the other prisoners.\"", "Historian Andy Worthington, author of The Guantanamo Files, identified Wasiq as one of the men Zaeef recognized.", "He identified Mullah Rohani as Gholam Ruhani, Mullah Noori as Norullah Noori and Mullah Fazal as Mohammed Fazil.", "Combatant Status Review\n\nWasiq was among the 60% of prisoners who participated in the tribunal hearings.", "A Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for the tribunal of each detainee.", "Wasiq's memo accused him of the following:\n\nAdministrative Review Board hearings\n\nDetainees who were determined to have been properly classified as \"enemy combatants\" were scheduled to have their dossier reviewed at annual Administrative Review Board hearings.", "The Administrative Review Boards weren't authorized to review whether a detainee qualified for POW status and they weren't authorized to review whether a detainee should have been classified as an \"enemy combatant\".", "The members of the Administrative Review Board were authorized to consider whether a detainee should continue to be detained by the United States because the detainee continued to pose a threat, whether the detainee could safely be repatriated to his home country, or whether the detainee should be released.", "First annual Administrative Review Board\nA Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for Abdul Haq Wasiq's first annual Administrative Review Board, on July 18, 2005.", "The memo listed factors for and against his continued detention.", "The following primary factors favor continued detention\n\nThe following primary factors favor release or transfer\n\nJoint Review Task Force\n\nWhen he assumed office in January 2009, President Barack Obama made a number of promises about the future of Guantanamo.", "He promised the use of torture would cease at the camp.", "He promised to institute a new review system.", "That new review system was composed of officials from six departments, where the OARDEC reviews were conducted entirely by the Department of Defense.", "When it reported back, a year later, the Joint Review Task Force classified some individuals as too dangerous to be transferred from Guantanamo, even though there was no evidence to justify laying charges against them.", "On April 9, 2013, that document was made public after a Freedom of Information Act request.", "Abdul Haq Wasiq was one of the 71 individuals deemed too innocent to charge, but too dangerous to release.", "Although Obama promised that those deemed too innocent to charge, but too dangerous to release would start to receive reviews from a Periodic Review Board less than a quarter of men have received a review.", "Press reports\nAn article in The Christian Science Monitor quotes Ahmadullah, who was told by Mohammed Omar to go back to Kandahar.", "It quotes him:\n\"He called me twice to come to Kandahar.", "But I cannot go there easily, because a lot of people know me, and I am frightened they will capture me somewhere on the road.", "So I sent my assistant Mullah Abdul Haq Wasiq to Kandahar.", "Unfortunately he was captured by American agents in Ghazni.\"", "Release negotiations\nMost Afghans had been repatriated to Afghanistan by 2009.", "Throughout the fall of 2011 and the winter of 2012, the United States conducted peace negotiations with the Taliban and widely leaked that a key sticking point was the ongoing detention of Wasiq and four other senior Taliban, Norullah Noori, Mohammed Fazl, Khirullah Khairkhwa and Mohammed Nabi.", "Negotiations hinged on a proposal to send the five men directly to Doha, Qatar, where they would be allowed to set up an official office for the Taliban.", "In March 2012, it was reported that Ibrahim Spinzada, described as \"Karzai's top aide\"'' had spoken with the five men, in Guantanamo, earlier that month, and had secured their agreement to be transferred to Qatar.", "It was reported that Karzai, who had initially opposed the transfer, now backed the plan.", "It was reported that US officials stated the Obama administration had not yet agreed to transfer the five men.", "Release from Guantanamo Bay\nWasiq and the other four members of the Taliban five were released from Guantanamo Bay and transported to Qatar where they were set free on June 1, 2014.", "Their release concurred with that of captured U.S. soldier Bowe Bergdahl's release in eastern Afghanistan in a deal brokered by the Emir of Qatar.", "Wasiq, and the other members of the Taliban five, were required to stay in Qatar for 12 months as a condition of their release.", "References\n\nExternal links\n\n Who Are the Remaining Prisoners in Guantánamo?", "Part Two: Captured in Afghanistan (2001) Andy Worthington, September 17, 2010\n \n\nDetainees of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp\nAfghan extrajudicial prisoners of the United States\nLiving people\n1971 births" ]

[ "The current Director of Intelligence of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is Abdul Haq Wasiq.", "He was the deputy minister of intelligence in the former Taliban government.", "He was held in the detainment camps in Cuba for over a decade.", "His serial number was 4.", "According to American intelligence analysts, he was born in 1971 in Afghanistan.", "On January 11, 2002, Abdul Haq Wasiq arrived at the detention camps.", "In exchange for the release of Bowe Bergdahl, who had been held captive, he was released along with the other four members of the so-called Taliban Five.", "The former Taliban Ambassador to Pakistan was taken to the United States Navy's amphibious warfare vessel, the USS Bataan, for interrogation.", "The cells were only 1 meter by 2 meters and were located six decks down.", "He wrote that the captives weren't allowed to speak with one another, but that he eventually saw that they were all among the other prisoners.", "Wasiq was identified as one of the men Zaeef recognized by a historian.", "He identified the four men as Mullah Rohani, Mullah Noori, Mullah Noori and Mullah Fazal.", "Wasiq was one of 60 prisoners who participated in the tribunal hearings.", "A summary of evidence was prepared for the tribunal.", "Detainees who were determined to have been properly classified as \"enemy combatant\" were scheduled to have their files reviewed by the Administrative Review Board.", "The Administrative Review Boards were not authorized to review whether a prisoner of war should have been classified as an \"enemy combatant\".", "The members of the Administrative Review Board were given the authority to decide if a person should be held in the United States or deported to his home country.", "A Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for Abdul Haq Wasiq's first annual Administrative Review Board.", "The factors were listed in the memo.", "When he assumed office in January 2009, President Barack Obama made a number of promises about the future of Gitmo.", "He promised that torture wouldn't be used at the camp.", "A new review system was promised by him.", "The OARDEC reviews were conducted by the Department of Defense, and that new review system was composed of officials from six departments.", "The Joint Review Task Force classified some individuals as too dangerous to be transferred from Gitmo even though there was no evidence to charge them.", "The document was made public after a Freedom of Information Act request.", "Abdul Haq Wasiq was one of 71 people who were deemed too dangerous to be released.", "Less than a quarter of men have received a review from the Periodic Review Board since Obama promised that those deemed too innocent to charge, but too dangerous to release would start to receive reviews.", "An article in The Christian Science Monitor quotes Ahmadullah as saying that he was told to go back to Kandahar.", "It quotes him as saying that he was called to come to Kandahar twice.", "I can't go there easily because a lot of people know me and I'm afraid they'll capture me on the road.", "I sent my assistant to the other side of the country.", "He was captured by American agents.", "By 2009, most Afghans had been returned to Afghanistan.", "During the fall of 2011 and the winter of 2012 the United States conducted peace negotiations with the Taliban and a key sticking point was the ongoing imprisonment of Wasiq and four other senior Taliban.", "The five men would be allowed to set up an official office for the Taliban under the proposal.", "In March 2012 it was reported that Ibrahim Spinzada, described as \"Karzai's top aide\", had spoken with the five men in Gitmo, and had secured their agreement to be transferred to Qatar.", "The plan was backed by the Afghan leader after he initially opposed it.", "US officials said the Obama administration had not agreed to transfer the five men.", "Wasiq and the other four members of the Taliban were released from the US naval base in Cuba and flown to the Persian Gulf state of Qatar.", "Their release was in line with that of captured U.S. soldier Bowe Bergdahl, who was released in eastern Afghanistan.", "As a condition of their release, Wasiq and the other members of the Taliban were required to stay in Qatar for a year.", "There are external links to this article.", "The second part of Captured in Afghanistan was written by Andy Worthington." ]

[ "Abdul Haq Wasiq", "Abdul Haq Wasiq", "Abdul Salam", "Wasiq", "Wasiq", "Wasiq", "Abdul Haq", "Wasiq", "Abdul Haq", "Abdul Haq", "Wasiq", "Wasiq", "Wasiq", "Wasiq" ]

[ "Abdul Haq Wasiq", "Abdul Haq Wasiq", "Wasiq", "Wasiq", "Abdul Haq", "Wasiq", "Abdul Haq", "Wasiq", "Wasiq", "Wasiq", "Wasiq" ]

[ "Sylvie Mamy, born in Besançon, is a French writer and musicologist, Docteur d'État ès lettres, and research director at the CNRS.", "Distinctions \nPrix des Muses 1997 (for \"La Musique à Venise\", Paris, BnF, 1996).", "Grand Prix des Muses 2012 (for \"Antonio Vivaldi\", Paris, Fayard, 2011).", "Bibliography\n\nMonographs ans essays \n Reconnaissance des Musiques Modernes, Brussels, Radio Télévision Belge Francophone (RTBF), 1977.", "Il Teatro alla Moda dei rosignoli.", "I cantanti napoletani al San Giovanni Grisostomo (Merope, 1734), series \"Drammaturgia veneta\", Milan, Ricordi, 1984.", "Les grands castrats napolitains à Venise au XVIIIe''', Liège, Mardaga, 1994.", "La musique à Venise et l'imaginaire français des Lumières, d'après les sources vénitiennes conservées à la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 1996.", "This work was awarded the Prix des Muses in 1997 \"for the best musicological study\".", "Les castrats, Que sais-je?", "n° 3417, Paris, PUF, 1998.", "Antonio Schinella Conti, Lettere da Venezia a Madame la comtesse de Caylus 1727–1729, Con l'aggiunta di un Discorso sullo Stato della Francia, series Linea Veneta, n° 17 (Venice, Fondation G. Cini), Florence, L. S. Oslchki, 2003.", "Balades musicales dans Venise, Paris, Nouveau Monde, 2006.", "Passeggiate musicali a Venezia, translation of the previous work in Italian, 2006, Trévise, Vianello Libri\n Antonio Vivaldi (monograph), Paris, A. Fayard, June 2011.", "This work was awarded the Grand Prix des Muses in 2012.", "Claudio Ambrosini, un compositeur vénitien du XXIème siècle, Paris, L'Harmattan, July 2013.", "Literary works \n L'Allée de Mélisande.", "Les jardins et la musique, essai poétique, series \"Arts et Sciences de l'Art\", Paris, L'Harmattan, 2004.", "Lettre d'une virtuose vénitienne, texte poétique, Venice, Rapport d'Etape, 2005.", "Veronica Franco.", "Ma vie brisée de courtisane, novel, series Amarante, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2012.", "Paris, Carnet d'été (poetry), Paris, L'Harmattan, 2014.", "Translations \n1992: Encyclopédie de la musique, series Encyclopédies d'aujourd'hui, Paris, Le Livre de Poche, Hachette, (original : La nuova enciclopedia della musica, Garzanti, 1983).", "2014: Un jardin à Venise, translation by Frederic Eden, A garden in Venice (1903), Paris, L'Harmattan\n\n Articles and studies \n Trois thèmes pour servir à une réflexion sur la vie musicale d'aujourd'hui, Brussels, Union européenne, Division X \"Problèmes du Secteur Culturel\", July 1975, 91 p.\n Pour un théâtre européen de musique vivante, Bulletin mensuel d'information du Comité national de la musique, June 1975.", "\"Le Triomphe des Mélophilètes.", "Congiunzioni di Parnaso\", L'invenzione del Gusto, Corelli e Vivaldi, Milan, Ricordi, 1982, p. 93–101.", "\"L'œuvre de Giuseppe Sarti conservée à Paris\", Revue Française de Musicologie, 1987, t. 73, n° 1, p. 107–12.", "\"À propos d'un fonds de musique française des XVIIe and XVIIIe à la Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon\", Revue Française de Musicologie, 1987, t. 73, n° 2, p. 253–62.", "\"I rapporti fra opera e ballo a Venezia nel Settecento\", La danza italiana, 5/6, Rome, Theoria, 1987, p. 17–33.", "\"L'Italie au cœur\" (about Giulio Cesare by Haendel), Avant-Scène Opéra, Paris, April 1987, p. 86–91 ; reissued in December 2010.", "\"L'importation des solfèges italiens en France à la fin du XVIIIe\", L'opera tra Venezia e Parigi\", under the direction of M.T.", "Muraro, Florence, L.S.", "Olschki, 1988, p. 67–89.", "\"Une théorie italienne adaptée au goût français.", "L'enseignement du chant italien en France de la fin de l'Ancien Régime à la Restauration : transmission ou transformation ?", "\", Transmission et réception des formes de culture musicale, Turin, EDT, 1988, p. 198–213.", "\"Tradizione del canto a Napoli.", "Giuseppe Aprile\", Musicisti nati in Puglia ed emigrazione musicale tra Seicento e Settecento, under the direction of D. Bozzi and L. Cosi, Rome, Torre d'Orfeo, 1988, p. 281–98.", "\"Il mondo del teatro,\" Amadeus, Milan, Rizzoli periodici, De Agostini, October 1991, addendum to n° 23 devoted to Vivaldi, p. 42–48.", "\"Le printemps d'Antonio Vivaldi revu et corrigé à Paris par Nicolas Chédeville, Michel Corrette et Jean-Jacques Rousseau\", Informazioni e Studi vivaldiani, Milan, Ricordi, 1992 (13), p. 51–65.", "Articles \"Anfossi, Caccini, Cavalli, Bianchi, Italie, Le chant italien en France\", Dictionnaire de la musique française au XVIIIe, sous la direction de M. Benoit, Paris, Fayard, 1992.", "Articles \"Gazzaniga, Porpora\", extraits de Encyclopedia Universalis, Dictionnaire de la Musique.", "Les compositeurs, Paris, Albin Michel, 1998, p. 304–06, 618-19.", "\"Le Congrès des Planètes, une sérénade de Tomaso Albinoni exécutée à l'ambassade de France à Venise, le 16 octobre 1729\", Giovanbattista Tiepolo, Nel terzo Centenario della nascita, under the direction of L. Puppi, Quaderni Venezia Arti, Venise, Il Poligrafo, 1998, p. 205–12.", "\"Le Stabat Mater au Concert Spirituel\", Studi Pergolesiani -Pergolesi Studies, under the direction of F. Degrada, La Nuova Italia Editrice, 1999, p. 233–50.", "\"Les Fêtes Vénitiennes\", Teatro nel Veneto.", "La scena immaginata, under the direction of C. Alberti (University of Venise), Milan, F. Motta, 2002, p. 38–63.", "\"Drammaturgie dello spazio nei multimedia : teatro musicale, circo, opera, internet, CD-Roms e installazioni video\", Drammaturgia, under the direction of S. Ferrone, University of Florence, département des arts du spectacle, issue devoted to the \"Drammaturgie dello spazio.", "Teatro.", "Musica.", "Cinema\" directed by S. Mazzoni, Rome, Salerno Editrice, 2003, p. 449–66.", "Articles \"Castrats ; Cimarosa ; Dramma semi-serio ; Paer, Paisiello, Spontini, Tragédie lyrique\", Dictionnaire de la musique en France au XIXe, under the direction of J.-M. Fauquet, Paris, Fayard, 2003.", "\"L'invention de l'opéra ballet à sujet comique\", Un siècle de Deux cents ans ?", "Les XVII et XVIII siècles : Continuités et Discontinuités, under the direction of J. Dagen et Ph.", "Roger, series \"L'Esprit des lettres\", Paris, Desjonquères, 2004, p. 231–247.", "\"Il panorama operistico.", "Il Mondo novo\", Amadeus.", "Il mensile della grande musica, special issue devoted to the opéra Tito Manlio by Antonio Vivaldi, Milan, De Agostini-Rizzoli periodici, April 2004, p. 6–10.", "\"Charles-Ferdinand Ramus.", "Poeta visionario\", Amadeus, L'Histoire du Soldat d'Igor Stravinsky, Milan, De Agostini-Rizzoli periodici, December 2005, p. 16–17.", "\"Les Français à Venise.", "Des témoignages controversés\", Le Carnaval de Venise d'André Campra, series \"Regards sur la musique\", under the direction of J. Duron, Brussels-Wavre, Mardaga, 2010, p. 13–28.", "\"Antonio Vivaldi aux prises avec des danseurs indisciplinés\", Passi, tracce, percorsi.", "Scritti sulla danza italiana in omaggio a José Sasportes (dir.", "A. Pontremoli, P. Veroli), Rome, Aracne, 2012, p. 113–28.", "\"Venise, Opéra !", "\", in D. Gachet and A. Scarsella, Venise'', coll.", "\"Bouquins\", Paris, Éditions Robert Laffont, 2016, p. 428–40.", "References\n\nExternal links \n Sylvie Mamy\n Sylvie Mamy on L'Harmattan\n Sylvie Mamy on Maison des écrivains et de la littérature\n Sylvie Mamy on France Culture\n Les manuscrits musicaux vénitiens en France au siècle des Lumières : Copie et réception on thèses.fr\n Sylvie Mamy on BnF\n\nPeople from Besançon\n20th-century French musicologists\n21st-century French musicologists\nWomen musicologists\nParis-Sorbonne University alumni\nRoyal Conservatory of Brussels alumni\nConservatoire de Paris alumni\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Sylvie Mamy was born in Besanon and is a French writer and musicologist.", "Prix des Muses 1997 was for \"La Musique Venise\".", "The Grand Prix des Muses was held in Paris and Fayard.", "Researching des Musiques Modernes, Brussels, Radio Télévision Belge Francophone (RTBF), 1977.", "Teatro allamoda dei rosignoli.", "The series \"Drammaturgia veneta\" is in Milan.", "Lige, Mardaga, 1994: Les grands castrats napolitains.", "La musique Venise et l'imaginaire franais des Lumires is located in Paris.", "The Prix des Muses was awarded in 1997 for the best musicological study.", "Les castrats, sais-je?", "Paris, PUF, 1998.", "Lettere da Venezia a Madame la comtesse de Caylus 1727–1729, Con l'aggiunta di un Discorso sullo Stato della Francia is a series.", "The musicales are in Venise, Paris.", "Passeggiate musicali a Venezia is a translation of the previous work in Italian.", "The Grand Prix des Muses was won by this work.", "L'Harmattan, Paris, and the XXIme Sicle were visited by Claudio Ambrosini.", "L'Allée de Mélisande is a literary work.", "\"Arts et Sciences de l'art\" is a series in Paris.", "Lettre d'une vénitienne, Venice, Rapport d'Etape, 2005.", "Veronica Franco.", "Ma vie brisée de courtisane is a novel.", "Paris, L'Harmattan, 2014.", "The original : La nuova enciclopedia della musica was translated into 1992.", "A garden in Venice (1903), Paris, L'Harmattan Articles and studies Trois thmes pour servir, is the translation of Un jardin Venise.", "The Triomphe des Mélophiltes.", "The Congiunzioni di Parnaso was published in 1982.", "\"L'uvre de Giuseppe Sarti conservée Paris\" was published in 1987.", "\" propos d'un fonds de musique franaise des XVIIe and XVIIIe la Bibliothque municipale de Besanon\".", "\"I rapporti fra opera e ballo a Venezia nel Settecento\" was published in 1987.", "The \"L'Italie Au cur\" (about Giulio Cesare by Haendel) was published in 1987.", "L'opera tra Venezia e Parigi was written under the direction of M.T.", "Florence, L.S. is named Muraro.", "Olschki was published in 1988, p. 67–89.", "Italienne adaptée aux got franais.", "L'enseignement du chant italien en France is about transmission and transformation.", "\", Transmission et réception des formes de culture musicale, Turin, EDT, 1988, p. 198–213.\"", "Tradizione del canto is in Napoli.", "Giuseppe Aprile\", Musicisti nati in Puglia, was written under the direction of D. Bozzi and L. Cosi.", "\"Il mondo del teatro,\" Amadeus, Milan, Rizzoli periodici, De Agostini, October 1991, was added to n 23 devoted to Vivaldi.", "\"Le printemps d'Antonio Vivaldi revu et corrigé Paris par Nicolas Chdeville,Michel Corrette et Jean-Jacques Rousseau\" was published in 1992.", "Dictionnaire de la musique franaise, sous la direction de M. Benoit, was published in 1992.", "Extraits de Encyclopedia Universalis, Dictionnaire de la Musique are included in the articles.", "The 1998 edition of Les compositeurs, Paris, was written byMichel Albin.", "The sérénade de Tomaso Albinoni was held on the 16th of October 1729.", "F. Degrada is the director of La Nuova Italia Editrice.", "The Teatro nel Veneto has a show called \"Les Ftes Vénitiennes\".", "The scena immaginata was written under the direction of C. Alberti.", "\"Drammaturgie dello spazio : teatro musicale, opera, internet, CD-Roms e installazioni video\", Drammaturgia, under the direction of S. ferrone, University of Florence.", "There is a Teatro.", "It's called Musica.", "Cinema was directed by S. Mazzoni.", "The Dictionnaire de la musique en France is under the direction of J.", "\"L'invention de l'opéra ballet sujet comique\"", "Under the direction of J. Dagen, Les XIIi et XIIi Sicles : Continuités et Discontinuités.", "The series \"L'Esprit des lettres\" was written by Roger.", "I panorama operistico.", "\"I don't know what to say\", Amadeus.", "There is a special issue devoted to the opéra Tito Manlio by Antonio Vivaldi.", "\"Charles-Ferdinand Ramus.\"", "Poeta visionario, Amadeus, L' Histoire du Soldat d'Igor Stravinsky, Milan, De Agostini-Rizzoli periodici, December 2005, p. 16–17.", "\"Les Franais Venise\"", "The series \"Regards sur la musique\" is under the direction of J. Duron.", "\"Antonio Vivaldi aux prises\", Passi, tracce, percorsi.", "There is a José Sasportes in Italy.", "Veroli), Rome, Aracne, 2012.", "\"Venise, Opéra!\"", "Venise'', coll, was written by D. Gachet and A. Scarsella.", "\"Bouquins\", Paris, ditions Robert Laffont, 2016, p. 428–40", "Sylvie Mamy on L'Harmattan, Maison des écrivains et de la littérature, and France Culture." ]

[ "Sylvie Mamy", "Sylvie", "Mamy", "Sylvie", "Mamy", "Sylvie", "Mamy", "Sylvie", "Mamy", "Sylvie", "Mamy" ]

[ "Sylvie Mamy", "Sylvie", "Mamy" ]

[ "Rudi Schneider (July 27, 1908 – April 28, 1957), son of Josef Schneider and brother of Willi Schneider, was an Austrian Spiritualist and physical medium.", "His career was covered extensively by the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, and he took part in a number of notable experiments conducted by paranormal researchers/debunkers, including Harry Price, Albert von Schrenck-Notzing and Eric Dingwall.", "Some of these researchers declared him to be a fraud while others were unable to find evidence of trickery.", "Early career\n\nSchneider began participating in séances with his elder brother Willi Schneider at age 11.", "Both Rudi and Willi claimed to channel a spirit entity called \"Olga\" who in the séance room claimed to be \"Lola Montez\" the nickname of Eliza Eosanna Gilbert (1821-1861) the mistress of Ludwig I of Bavaria.", "Schneider held his first solo séance in 1919 and is said to have been able to summon the ghostly image of a human hand, as well as a number of other manifestations that are traditionally associated with séances.", "Investigations\nSchneider began giving demonstrations to the Vienna Institut fur Radiumforschung der Academic der Wissenschaffen in 1923.", "In an investigation into the mediumship of Schneider in 1924 the physicists Stefan Meyer and Karl Przibram caught Schneider evading the controls in a series of séances.", "After Meyer and Przibram's accusations, the institute concluded that the abilities that Schneider had demonstrated up to that point were all, based on the balance of probability, the result of trickery and that he was no-longer of interest to them.", "In 1926, American journalist Warren Vinton attended séances with Schneider and came to the conclusion that the movement of objects were fraudulently produced by other members of the Schneider family concealed in the room.", "In April 1927, Vinton published an article in Psyche which accused Schneider of being a fraud and using a hidden accomplice.", "Another researcher, J. Malcolm Bird who attended a séance with Schneider also supported Vinton's accusations.", "The parapsychologist Walter Franklin Prince attended a series of sittings with Schneider and no paranormal phenomena was observed.", "In his notes in the Bulletin VII of the Boston SPR published under Experiments with Physical Mediums in Europe (1928) he wrote \"despite my studied and unremitting complaisance, no phenomena have occurred when I had any part in the control, save curtain movement which were capable of the simplest explanation.\"", "Whilst Prince did not detect any concrete evidence of fraud he found the red light too dim to observe the medium and suspected that Schneider's spirit guide \"Olga\" insisted the sitters talk loudly to act as a distraction and possible cover for an accomplice in the room.", "According to Peter Underwood it was discovered that Schneider had a \"sexual climax\" during some of his séances.", "Schneider had an orgasm during some of his mediumship practices.", "Psychologist D. H. Rawcliffe wrote that Schneider \"had been repeatedly and comprehensively exposed\" as a fraudulent trickster.", "Harry Price\n\nIn 1929, Schneider took part in a number of experiments conducted by notable investigator/debunker Harry Price at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research.", "Price conducted a series of experiments in which Schneider was connected to a series of pressure switches that would alert observers if he moved his hands, feet or limbs in any significant way.", "Schneider was also physically restrained during some of the experiments.", "Price recorded that during his experiments various phenomena were observed; including the movement of objects placed around the room and the apparent manifestation of mysterious hands and shapes.", "Schneider claimed he could levitate objects but according to Price a photograph taken on April 28, 1932 showed that Schneider had managed to free his arm to move a handkerchief from the table.", "After this, many scientists considered Schneider to be exposed as a fraud, however there was a controversy over the photograph from the parapsychology community.", "Price wrote that the findings of the other experiments should be revised due to the evidence showing how Schneider could free himself from the controls.", "After Price had exposed Schneider, various scientists such as Karl Przibram and the magician Henry Evans wrote to Price telling him that they agreed that Schneider evaded control during his séances and congratulated Price on the success of unmasking the fraud.", "In opposition, SPR members who were highly critical of Price, supported Schneider's mediumship and promoted a conspiracy theory that the Price photograph was a hoax.", "SPR member Anita Gregory claimed Price had deliberately faked the photograph to discredit SPR research and ruin Schneider's reputation.", "The psychologist Alan Gauld wrote that Gregory's analysis of the photograph was misconceived and there was no direct evidence the photograph taken by Price had been tampered with.", "In opposition to Gregory the photographic expert Vernon Harrison testified that the photograph was genuine.", "Harrison suggested that instead of fraud the shock of the flash caused Schneider to jerk involuntarily breaking free from the control, and when the second flash went off, recorded him in that position.", "SPR member John L. Randall who reviewed the Price and Schneider case also came to the conclusion the photograph was genuine.", "However, Randall disagreed with Harrison that Schneider's movement was accidental and wrote the photograph was evidence for Price's claim that Schneider had freed his hand with fraudulent intent.", "V. J. Woolley criticized the electronic controls of Price's experiments.", "He noted they were liable to go wrong such as a broken wire and that they were not fraud proof like Price had claimed.", "According to Woolley one sitter alone could \"free his feet by connecting his metal floor plates by a piece of wire...", "I do not feel that the electrical control excludes [fraud] any better than the older methods which Mr Price describes as obsolete\".", "Eugéne Osty\n\nIn 1930, Schneider began working with French paranormal investigator Eugéne Osty at the Institut Metapsychique.", "Osty placed an object in the room with Schneider and targeted it with a camera that had an infrared trigger designed to take a picture if it detected movement around the object.", "The alarm was triggered several times though the photographs showed no evidence of Schneider having interfered with it.", "Osty concluded that he was recording the passage of an ectoplasm like substance that was indicative of telekinetic movement.", "He wrote that the substance registered on sound recording equipment when it moved, and that it could pass through objects put in place to impede it.", "Osty's experiments with Schneider have been criticized by skeptics.", "D. H. Rawcliffe for example noted that \"various discrepancies have come to light which throw the whole of Osty's experiments into doubt.", "Price made a prolonged investigation of Rudi Schneider and proved conclusively that the medium resorted to trickery when he believed himself to be unobserved... Osty has too often shown in the past, despite some intellectual ability, evidence of an amateurish and uncritical approach to his subject.\"", "Other tests\n\nIn the 1920s Fritz Wittels who had attended séances with Schneider wrote that \"With occult waves running high in Vienna, there was a famous medium named Rudi Schneider, a few of whose meetings I attended.", "Whenever I came, however, either nothing happened at all or the things which did happen were obvious frauds.\"", "It was reported by Stefan Meyer that Schneider was exposed as a fraud by Dr. Lothar Lenkei.", "In 1928, E. R. Dodds and V. J. Woolley attended six séances in dim red light with Schneider and absolutely no phenomena occurred.", "Dodds wrote that semen was found after one of the séances.", "In a series of mediumship sessions in 1932 which included the researchers and scientists Dr. William Brown, C. E. M. Joad, Professor D. F. Fraser-Harris, Professor John Alexander Gunn and Julian Huxley, no paranormal phenomena was observed in the séance room with Schneider.", "Huxley wrote that there was \"no proof of any communication with departed spirits\".", "Zoologist Solly Zuckerman also attended some séance sittings and wrote that the mediumship of Schneider had not passed any scientific tests.", "William Howard Livens on 15 November 1932 attended a séance with Schneider and no paranormal phenomenon was observed.", "Between October 1933 and March 1934 Schneider was investigated by the Society for Psychical Research in fifty-five sittings and not a single paranormal phenomenon was observed.", "Infrared ray apparatus was installed by Oliver Gatty working with Theodore Besterman.", "The experiments proved negative, no telekinetic phenomena of any kind were observed or any absorption of the infrared rays.", "Every chance was given to Schneider to prove his alleged paranormal abilities but nothing paranormal occurred.", "Another researcher, Whately Carington had proven by tests that the spirit \"Olga\" which Schneider channeled in reality was indistinguishable in psychological make-up from himself.", "Oliver Gatty and Theodore Besterman communicated their results to Nature, concluding that in their tests there was \"no good evidence that Rudi Schneider possesses supernormal powers.\"", "There were no more investigations as in his later years Schneider gave up mediumship to become an auto mechanic.", "References\n\nExternal links\nSchneider brothers - Skeptic's Dictionary\nThe Mediumship of Willi and Rudi Schneider\n\n1908 births\n1957 deaths\nGerman spiritualists\nPeople from Braunau am Inn\nPsychokineticists\nSpiritual mediums" ]

[ "Willi Schneider's brother, Rudi Schneider, was an Austrian spiritualist and physical medium.", "His career was covered extensively by the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, and he took part in a number of notable experiments conducted by paranormal researchers.", "Some researchers declared him to be a fraud while others couldn't find evidence of it.", "At age 11, Schneider began participating in séances with his brother Willi.", "Both Willi and Rudi claimed to have seen a spirit named \"Olga\" who they said was the mistress of Ludwig I of Bavaria.", "Schneider held his first solo séance in 1919 and is said to have been able to summon the ghost of a human hand, as well as a number of other manifestations that are traditionally associated with séances.", "Schneider Investigations began giving demonstrations in 1923.", "Schneider was caught by the physicists evading the controls in a series of séances.", "The institute concluded that Schneider's abilities were all based on the balance of probability and that he was no longer of interest to them.", "The movement of objects was faked by other members of the Schneider family, according to Warren Vinton, an American journalist.", "Schneider was accused of being a fraud by Vinton in the April 1927 issue of Psyche.", "Vinton's accusations were supported by another researcher, J. Malcolm Bird.", "Walter Franklin Prince, a parapsychologist, attended a series of sittings with Schneider.", "In the Bulletin VII of the Boston SPR published under Experiments with Physical Mediums in Europe, he wrote that there had been no phenomena when he had any part in the control.", "Prince suspected that Schneider's spirit guide \"Olga\" was behind the fraud because the red light was too dim to see the medium.", "Schneider had a sexual climax during some of his séances.", "During some mediumship practices, Schneider had an orgasm.", "Schneider had been exposed as a fraudulent trickster many times.", "Schneider participated in a number of experiments conducted by Harry Price at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research.", "Schneider was connected to a series of pressure switches that would alert observers if he moved his hands, feet or limbs in any significant way.", "Schneider was restrained during some of the experiments.", "The movement of objects around the room and the appearance of mysterious hands and shapes were recorded by Price.", "Schneider claimed he could levitate objects, but according to a photograph taken on April 28, 1932, he was able to free his arm and move a handkerchief from the table.", "Many scientists thought Schneider was a fraud after seeing the photograph from the parapsychology community.", "The findings of the other experiments should be revised due to evidence showing how Schneider could free himself from the controls.", "After Price exposed Schneider, scientists such as Karl Przibram and the magician Henry Evans wrote to Price telling him that they agreed with his findings.", "The SPR members who were critical of Price supported Schneider's mediumship and promoted a conspiracy theory that the Price photograph was a hoax.", "Price was accused of faking the photograph to ruin Schneider's reputation.", "There was no evidence that the photograph taken by Price had been tampered with, according to the psychologist Alan Gauld.", "Vernon Harrison testified that the photograph was genuine.", "Harrison suggested that the shock of the flash caused Schneider to jerk involuntarily breaking free from the control, and when the second flash went off, recorded him in that position.", "The photograph in the Price and Schneider case was found to be genuine by John L. Randall.", "Randall disagreed with Harrison that Schneider's movement was accidental and wrote the photograph was evidence for Price's claim that Schneider had freed his hand with fraudulent intent.", "The electronic controls of Price's experiments were criticized by V. J. Woolley.", "He noted that they were not proof of fraud like Price had claimed.", "One sitter could free his feet by connecting his metal floor plates by a piece of wire.", "I don't think the electrical control excludes fraud any better than the older methods Mr Price describes as obsolete.", "Schneider began working with a French psychic in 1930.", "An object was placed in the room with Schneider and targeted with a camera that could take a picture if it detected movement around it.", "Photographs did not show Schneider interfering with the alarm, but it was 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884", "He concluded that the substance he was recording was indicative of telekinetic movement.", "He wrote that the substance could pass through objects that were put in place to stop it.", "Skeptics have criticized the experiments with Schneider.", "Various discrepancies have come to light which throw the whole of Osty's experiments into doubt.", "Price was able to prove that the medium used tricks when he believed himself to be unobserved.", "In the 1920s, a famous medium named Rudi Schneider had a few meetings with a man named Fritz Wittels.", "Either nothing happened or the things which did happen were obvious frauds.", "Schneider was exposed as a fraud by a doctor.", "Dodds and Woolley attended six séances with Schneider in dim red light.", "semen was found after one of the séances, according to Dodds.", "Dr. William Brown, C. E. M. Joad, Professor D. F. Fraser-Harris and Professor John Alexander Gunn did not observe any supernatural phenomena in the room with Schneider.", "There was no proof of communication between the departed spirits and Huxley.", "The mediumship of Schneider did not pass any scientific tests, according to Zoologist Solly Zuckerman.", "On November 15, 1932, William Howard Livens attended a séance with Schneider.", "Schneider was investigated by the Society for Psychical Research for fifty-five sittings between October 1933 and March 1934.", "Oliver Gatty and Theodore Besterman worked on the project.", "No telekinetic phenomena of any kind were observed in the experiments.", "Schneider was given every chance to prove his abilities.", "Whately Carington, a researcher, had shown that the spirit \"Olga\" which Schneider used in reality was indistinguishable from himself.", "Oliver Gatty and Theodore Besterman told Nature that there was no good evidence that Rudi Schneider has supernormal powers.", "Schneider became an auto mechanic after giving up mediumship.", "The Skeptic's Dictionary has links to the Schneider brothers." ]

[ "Rudi Schneider", "Josef Schneider", "Willi Schneider", "Schneider", "Willi Schneider", "Rudi", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Rudi", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Rudi", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Rudi", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Rudi", "Schneider" ]

[ "Willi Schneider", "Rudi Schneider", "Schneider", "Rudi", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Rudi", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Rudi", "Schneider", "Schneider", "Schneider" ]

[ "Charlton Kenneth Jeffrey Howard (born 17 August 2003), known professionally as the Kid Laroi (stylised as the Kid LAROI), is an Australian rapper, singer, and songwriter.", "Howard originally gained recognition from his association and friendship with American rapper Juice Wrld while he was on tour in Australia.", "He gained a local following before joining a partnership agreement with Lil Bibby's Grade A Productions and Columbia Records.", "and attained further popularity in 2020 with his collaboration with Juice Wrld on \"Go\", which peaked at number 52 on the Billboard Hot 100.", "His debut mixtape, F*ck Love (2020), peaked at number one on the Australian ARIA Charts, making him the youngest Australian solo artist ever to reach the top of the chart, and also reached number one on the US Billboard 200.", "Additionally, Howard's songs \"Without You\" and its remix with Miley Cyrus, and his collaboration with Justin Bieber, \"Stay\", reached the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100, with \"Stay\" peaking at number one for seven non-consecutive weeks.", "Among his accolades, Howard has won an APRA Award, two ARIA Awards and a National Indigenous Music Award, and been nominated for two American Music Awards, two Grammy Awards, three MTV Video Music Awards, and four People's Choice Awards.", "Early life\nCharlton Kenneth Jeffrey Howard was born on 17 August 2003 in Waterloo, New South Wales, a suburb near Redfern in the inner south of Sydney.", "His parents are well connected in the music industry and he has one brother.", "His father, Nick Howard, is a music producer and sound engineer who has worked with Australian stars such as Bardot and Delta Goodrem.", "His mother, Sloane Howard, was a talent manager, record label founder and music executive of Aboriginal descent who once managed Popstars winner, Scott Cain.", "Howard's maternal great-great grandfather was a part of the Stolen Generation of children of mixed Aboriginal descent; through this ancestor he is a Kamilaroi (or Gamilaraay) man, from which he derived his artistic name \"Laroi\".", "Howard's father was not a consistent force in his life and his uncle became his father figure as a result.", "In 2015, Howard's uncle was murdered.", "Howard attributes his inspiration to succeed to avoid a fate like his uncle and make him proud.", "When Howard's parents separated when he was four, his childhood became more chaotic.", "Howard stated that sometimes his mother sold drugs to get by.", "At the age of seven he moved to the rural town of Broken Hill in New South Wales and lived with his mother, brother and grandparents at the time.", "He attended Sacred Hart Parish School where he was a house captain and won a speaking award.", "After leaving Broken Hill, Howard attended a boarding school in Adelaide for a period of time until his mother could not afford it anymore and they moved back to Sydney in 2017.", "In Sydney he attended the highly selective, prestigious private school Australian Performing Arts Grammar School on a scholarship but he dropped out midway through grade nine to pursue his international career.", "During this period his family lived in a housing commission building in Redfern and he drifted between friends' houses.", "In a 2021 interview, he explained that his mother is his best friend and he wanted to help her through their tough financial situation so he found a part-time job at a fruit store.", "In 2019, hip-hop podcast No Jumper filmed a documentary of Howard and his friends in the streets of Redfern as they describe the area as a ghetto.", "Howard detailed how he hustled to make it big outside of Australia by building international relationships and stated \"I would go and wait outside hotel rooms for big artists that were coming to town.", "I’d try to play my music and find different ways to meet them or get backstage.", "That was a big thing I used to do for about two years.\"", "His social engineering tactics paid off when he sent a female friend on a mission to play his music to Swae Lee in a hotel.", "It worked and he met and later collaborated with Swae Lee.", "Career\n\nEarly years \nHoward started out recording raps over beats on his mother's phone and uploading them to SoundCloud.", "In an interview with Triple J, Howard stated that the first rap name he gave himself was \"FC6\".", "In 2015, Howard formed the duo \"Dream$Team\" with Adelaide rapper DJ Marcus Jr. (Aka LadyKiller) who became his mentor and support.", "The two recorded songs together and performed to local audiences as DJ Marcus Jr. guided him through promoting, recording and developing buzz.", "Howard met his now collaborator, producer Khaled Rohaim, at a recording studio in Sydney.", "Moved by Howard's talent and difficult living situation, Rohaim would pick Howard up from various houses that he would live in around Sydney so they could eat together and record at his rented studio in North Strathfield.", "Rohaim gave Howard some work writing songs for other artists.", "In one instance, he wrote a song that featured A Boogie and Howard snuck into the studio so he could meet him, eventually recording a song together.", "In 2017, Howard was signed to a development deal with Sony Music Australia.", "In the same year he was a co-host at the Fernside Festival hosted by Weave Youth and Community Services.", "2018–2020: 14 with a Dream \nOn 16 August 2018, Howard released his debut EP, 14 with a Dream where he collaborated with Manu Crooks, B Wise and Miracle.", "The same month he garnered attention after becoming a finalist in the Triple J Unearthed high competition.", "His Triple J Unearthed profile bio simply states \"14 with a dream...\" and still features three songs that he uploaded; \"Disconnect (demo)\", \"In My Feelings\" and \"Blessings\".", "In the same year he jumped on stage with Manu Crook$ at Listen Out Festival, rapped with Tkay Maidza at Triple J's One Night Stand Festival, played at Newtown Festival and supported THEY.", "He collaborated on a song with Lil Skies who posted out a teaser to his over 3 million Instagram fans.", "Howard was interviewed by community station FBi Radio and presenter Darren Lesaguis stated that the interview had to be after 5pm so Howard could attend after school and he arrived in his school uniform.", "Howard's drive and confidence to one day be seen as a peer amongst his idols was noted in an interview with Acclaim where he was asked if he could name three Australian acts who he thought were going to be future legends and he stated \"...I’d have to say… Can it be me?", "Can I pick myself?", "I hate to be that guy, but I definitely hope that I’m a legend.\"", "In March 2019, Howard did an in-store meet and greet for streetwear brand Street X in Darlinghurst where local fans queued to meet him.", "In the same year he created a partnership agreement with American rapper Lil Bibby's record label Grade A Productions and Columbia Records.", "Howard was mentored by late rapper Juice Wrld while he supported him on his Australian national tours in 2018 and 2019.", "Howard lived with Juice Wrld in Los Angeles to learn from his idol how the studio and recording process worked.", "He performed at Rolling Loud Festivals in Miami and New York.", "In December, Howard gained international attention when the music video for his song \"Let Her Go\" was uploaded on the Lyrical Lemonade YouTube channel.", "2020–2021: F*ck Love mixtape\nOn 31 January 2020, Howard released \"Diva\" featuring American rapper Lil Tecca which was accompanied by a Lyrical Lemonade music video directed by Cole Bennett that was released on 1 February.", "On 22 March, he released \"Addison Rae\", a song named after the social media personality star of the same name.", "On 27 March, Howard made a cameo appearance in American rapper Lil Mosey's music video for \"Blueberry Faygo\".", "On 17 April, he released \"Fade Away\" with American rapper Lil Tjay.", "On 25 April, he was featured on \"Go Dumb\" by record producer Y2K also featuring Blackbear, and Bankrol Hayden.", "On 12 June, he released \"Go\" featuring late American rapper Juice Wrld, which was accompanied by a music video directed by Steve Cannon.", "On 26 June, Howard was featured on Bankrol Hayden's debut studio album Pain is Temporary, on a remix of \"Costa Rica\".", "On 18 July, he released \"Tell Me Why\", a tribute track to Juice Wrld.", "Howard revealed the cover art and release date of his mixtape F*ck Love on Twitter the same day.", "The mixtape was released on 24 July and contains features from Lil Mosey, Corbin, and Juice Wrld.", "The same day, he released the music video for \"Not Fair\" featuring Corbin.", "On 7 August, he released the music video for the song \"Selfish\".", "On 28 August, Laroi was featured on Internet Money's collective mixtape B4 the Storm on the song \"Speak\".", "On 18 September, the music video for \"Wrong\" directed by Logan Paul featuring Lil Mosey also starring ex-pornstar Lana Rhoades, was released.", "On 23 October, Howard released the project's lead single \"So Done\" which was accompanied by a Lyrical Lemonade music video directed by Cole Bennett.", "On 30 October, Laroi was featured on \"My City\" by Onefour.", "On 2 November, Howard revealed the next project's title to be Savage on Instagram, and would be released as a deluxe edition of F*ck Love.", "It was eventually released four days later on 6 November and peaked at number one on the Australian ARIA charts, as well as number 3 on the US Billboard 200.", "The same day, the music video for \"Always Do\" directed by Steve Cannon was released.", "On 26 November, the music video for \"Maybe\" was released.", "On 17 December, Howard released the music video for \"Without You\", directed by Steve Cannon.", "On 8 December, he was featured on \"Reminds Me Of You\", a posthumous song by Juice WRLD.", "The song samples Kim Petras' song \"Reminds Me\".", "On 29 December, he released the music video for \"Tragic\" featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again, and Internet Money directed by Steve Cannon.", "On 19 March 2021, Howard was featured on Canadian singer Justin Bieber's song, \"Unstable\", from Bieber's sixth studio album Justice.", "On 30 April, Howard released a remix of \"Without You\", a collaboration with American singer Miley Cyrus.", "The song, which had already become extremely popular on TikTok, went on the peak at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Howard's first top-ten single as a lead artist.", "On 8 May, he performed the song in the first musical set with Miley Cyrus on the Saturday Night Live Mothers' Day episode, hosted by Elon Musk, with Miley Cyrus as the musical guest.", "In June 2021, Howard left Grade A Productions and signed a management deal with Scooter Braun.", "Also that month, Howard announced that the third and final instalment of the F*ck Love trilogy would be released in July.", "On 9 July, Howard released the song \"Stay\", a collaboration with Bieber.", "The song was accompanied by a music video, and peaked at number 1 on the Hot 100, becoming Howard's highest-charting single in the United States.", "The song was announced about a week prior to its release.", "A second deluxe of F*ck Love titled F*ck Love 3: Over You was released on 23 July.", "The deluxe also featured guest appearances from Polo G, Stunna Gambino, G Herbo, and Lil Durk.", "The second deluxe was also accompanied by an extended version, titled F*ck Love 3+: Over You, which was released on 27 July with an additional six songs.", "As a result, the F*ck Love project reached number one on the Billboard 200 over one year after its initial release.", "Howard and Bieber performed \"Stay\" at the 2021 VMA awards and was nominated for Best New Artist and Push Performance of the Year, for \"Without You\".", "In September 2021, Howard left SB Projects and signed with Adam Leber at Rebel Management.", "On 15 November 2021, Howard announced that he would temporarily stop dropping new music, including songs from his F*ck Love mixtape, after the music video for still chose you to focus on other stuff other than music.", "He was only shown on YouTube talk and interview videos at that time.", "On 24 November 2021, Howard won Best Artist and Best Pop Release at the 2021 ARIA Music Awards, before performing \"Stay\" to close out the awards show.", "2022-present: The First Time\nOn 13 January, 2022, Howard teased a song with Don Toliver while hinting at anew album.", "On 22 January, \"Stay\" was voted 2nd in Triple J's 2021 Hottest 100, making him the highest ranking Indigenous artist ever in the annual event.", "On 26 February, Howard announced the title of his debut studio album on twitter as The First Time.", "Persona and reception\n\nStyle\nFashion has been a big part of Howard's transformation from Redfern resident to international star.", "Howard explained to Spout Podcast that in Australia he did not have a lot of money and was wearing a lot of sport tracksuits.", "Since moving to California, Howard's style has switched to high end designers such as Celine, Louis Vuitton, Comme des Garçons and is known for his love of knitted jumpers.", "Howard has featured in style editorials for magazines such as Flaunt and was on the cover of Wonderland magazine in Autumn 2021.", "Accent\nHoward's accent and heavy use of American colloquial terms has been questioned since he has only been living there since 2019.", "In an interview with Zach Sang, he explained that he has many friends from Chicago and to make himself understood he often tweaks phrases and adapts as they do not understand many Australian words.", "Accolades\n\nPersonal life\nAs of 2020, Howard lives in Los Angeles with his mother and younger brother.", "Howard sees himself as an ambassador for Australia and told Triple J that he wants to do for Australia what Drake did to put Toronto and Canada on the map.", "Since 2020, Howard has been in a relationship with social media and TikTok personality Katarina Deme.", "On 9 August 2021, Howard noted in an Instagram post that he was recovering from COVID-19 and had been in isolation for a week.", "The post was live for a short period before it was edited to remove that information and Howard tweeted a video in which he stated he was quarantining with his girlfriend as they both had the virus.", "During the video he received an update to say he was now COVID-19 free.", "Discography\n\n F*ck Love (2020)\n The First Time (2022)\n\nTours\n\nHeadlining\n The End of the World Tour (2022)\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\n \n\n \n2003 births\nLiving people\n21st-century Australian singers\nARIA Award winners\nAustralian child singers\nAustralian expatriates in the United States\nAustralian hip hop musicians\nAustralian hip hop singers\nAustralian male singers\nGamilaraay\nIndigenous Australian musicians\nTrap musicians" ]

[ "Kid LAROI is an Australian rapper, singer, and songwriter who is also known as Charlton Kenneth Jeffrey Howard.", "Howard and Juice Wrld were both on tour in Australia.", "He joined a partnership agreement with Columbia Records and Grade A Production.", "His collaboration with Juice Wrld on \"Go\" peaked at number 52 on the Hot 100.", "His debut album, F*ck Love, peaked at number one on the Australian ARIA Charts, making him the youngest Australian solo artist ever to reach the top of the chart.", "Howard's songs \" Without You\" and \"Stay\" reached the top ten of the Hot 100, with \"Stay\" peaking at number one for seven weeks.", "Howard has won a number of awards, including two ARIA Awards and a National Indigenous Music Award, as well as being nominated for two American Music Awards, two Grammy Awards, three MTV Video Music Awards, and four People's Choice Awards.", "The suburb of Waterloo in New South Wales is where the early life of Charlton Kenneth Jeffrey Howard was born.", "His parents are in the music industry and he has a brother.", "Nick Howard is a music producer and sound engineer who has worked with Australian stars such as Bardot and Delta Goodrem.", "His mother was a talent manager, record label founder and music executive who once managed a Popstars winner.", "Howard's maternal great-great grandfather was a part of the Stolen Generation of children of mixed Aboriginal descent, and Howard's artistic name is \"Laroi\".", "Howard's uncle became his father figure because his father wasn't a consistent force in his life.", "Howard's uncle was murdered.", "Howard wants to avoid the fate of his uncle and make him proud.", "Howard's childhood became more chaotic when his parents separated.", "Howard stated that his mother used to sell drugs.", "At the age of seven, he moved to the rural town of Broken Hill in New South Wales with his mother, brother and grandparents.", "He was a house captain at Sacred Hart Parish School and won a speaking award.", "After leaving Broken Hill, Howard attended a boarding school in South Australia for a period of time until his mother could no longer afford it, and they moved back to Australia.", "He dropped out of grade nine to pursue his international career after attending a prestigious private school in Australia.", "His family lived in a housing commission building while he was away.", "He found a part-time job at a fruit store because he wanted to help his mother through a tough financial situation.", "A documentary about Howard and his friends in the streets of Redfern was filmed for a hip-hop show.", "Howard stated that he would go and wait outside of hotel rooms for big artists that were coming to town in order to make it big outside of Australia.", "I would try to play my music and find different ways to meet them.", "I did that for about two years.", "His social engineering tactics paid off when he sent a female friend on a mission to play his music in a hotel.", "He met and collaborated with another person.", "Howard started recording raps on his mother's phone and uploading them to SoundCloud.", "Howard stated in an interview with Triple J that his first rap name was \"FC6\"", "DJ Marcus Jr. became Howard's mentor and support after he formed the duo \"Dream$Team\" with him.", "DJ Marcus Jr. helped him promote, record and develop buzz by guiding him through the process.", "Howard met his producer at the studio.", "As a result of Howard's talent and difficult living situation, Rohaim would pick Howard up from various houses around Australia so they could eat together and record at his rented studio in North Strathfield.", "Howard wrote songs for other artists.", "He wrote a song that featured A Boogie and Howard snuck into the studio to record a song with him.", "Howard signed a development deal with Sony Music Australia.", "The Fernside Festival was hosted by Weave Youth and Community Services.", "Howard's debut album, 14 with a Dream, was released in August of last year.", "He was a finalist in the Triple J Unearthed high competition.", "His Triple J Unearthed profile bio simply states \"14 with a dream...\" and still features three songs that he uploaded; \"Disconnect (demo)\", \"In My Feelings\" and \"Blessings\".", "He supported them in the same year he supported Triple J's One Night Stand Festival and rapped with Tkay Maidza.", "He collaborated on a song with someone who has over 3 million followers.", "Howard's interview was done after 5pm so that he could attend after school and he arrived in his school uniform.", "Howard's drive and confidence to one day be seen as a peer amongst his idols was noted in an interview with Acclaim where he was asked if he could name three Australian acts who he thought were going to be future legends.", "Can I make my own decisions?", "I don't want to be that guy, but I hope I'm a legend.", "Local fans lined up to meet Howard at an in-store meet and greet for Street X in March.", "He created a partnership agreement with two record labels in the same year.", "Howard was supported on his Australian national tours by Juice Wrld.", "Juice Wrld taught Howard how the studio and recording process worked.", "He performed in Miami and New York.", "The music video for Howard's song \"Let Her Go\" was uploaded on the Lyrical Lemonade YouTube channel in December.", "On January 31, 2020, Howard released \"Diva\" featuring American rapper Lil Tecca which was accompanied by a Lyrical Lemonade music video directed by Cole Bennett.", "\"Addison Rae\" was released on 22 March and is named after a social media personality.", "Howard made a brief appearance in the music video for \"Blueberry Faygo\".", "\"Fade Away\" was released on 17 April.", "He was featured on the record producer Y2K's \"Go Dumb\" on April 25.", "On 12 June, he released \"Go\" featuring late American rapper Juice Wrld, which was accompanied by a music video directed by Steve Cannon.", "Howard was featured on a version of \"Costa Rica\" on the album Pain is Temporary.", "\"Tell Me Why\" was a tribute track to Juice Wrld.", "The cover and release date of Howard's F*ck Love were revealed on the same day.", "The mixtape was released on July 24th and has features from Juice Wrld.", "He released a music video on the same day.", "The music video for \"Selfish\" was released on 7 August.", "On August 28, Laroi was featured on a song by Internet Money.", "The music video for \"Wrong\" was released on 18 September and features ex-pornstar Lana Rhoades.", "On 23 October, Howard released the project's lead single \"So Done\" which was accompanied by a Lyrical Lemonade music video directed by Cole Bennett.", "Laroi was featured on \"My City\" by Onefour.", "On 2 November, Howard revealed the title of his next project, and it would be a deluxe edition of F*ck Love.", "It peaked at number one on the Australian ARIA charts, as well as number 3 on the US Billboard 200, after being released four days later.", "Steve Cannon directed the music video for \"Always Do\".", "The music video for \"Maybe\" was released in November.", "The music video for \" Without You\" was directed by Steve Cannon.", "He was featured on a posthumous song.", "Kim Petras' song \"Reminds Me\" was used in the song.", "The music video for \"Tragic\" featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again was released on December 29th.", "The song \"Unstable\", from the sixth studio album Justice, was sung by Howard.", "Howard and Cyrus collaborated on a song called \"Without You\", which was released on 30 April.", "The song became Howard's first top-ten single as a lead artist when it reached number 8 on the Hot 100.", "On 8 May, he performed the song in the first musical set withMiley Cyrus on the Saturday Night Live Mothers' Day episode.", "Scooter Braun signed a management deal with Howard in June of 2021.", "Howard announced that the third and final part of the F*ck Love trilogy would be released in July.", "The song \"Stay\" was released by Howard on 9 July.", "Howard's highest-charting single in the United States was accompanied by a music video and peaked at number 1 on the Hot 100.", "The song was announced a week before it was released.", "F*ck Love 3: Over You was released in July.", "There were guest appearances from Polo G and G Herbo.", "An additional six songs were added to F*ck Love 3+: Over You, which was released on 27 July.", "The F*ck Love project reached the top of the charts over a year after its initial release.", "\"Stay\" was nominated for Best New Artist and Push Performance of the Year, while \"Without You\" was nominated for Push Performance of the Year.", "Howard signed with Adam Leber at Rebel Management.", "After the music video for still chose you to focus on other stuff other than music, Howard decided to temporarily stop dropping new music.", "He was only shown on the internet at that time.", "Howard won Best Artist and Best Pop Release at the ARIA Music Awards before performing \"Stay\" at the awards show.", "Howard teased a song with Don Toliver while teasing a new album.", "\"Stay\" was voted 2nd in Triple J's Hottest 100, making him the highest ranking Indigenous artist ever in the annual event.", "The First Time was the title of Howard's debut studio album.", "Howard's transformation from Redfern resident to international star has been aided by the reception style fashion.", "In Australia, Howard didn't have a lot of money and was wearing a lot of sport tracksuits.", "Since moving to California, Howard's style has switched to high end designers such as Comme des Garons, and he is known for his love of knitted jumpers.", "Howard was featured in style editorials for magazines and was on the cover of a magazine.", "Howard's accent and heavy use of American terms has been questioned since he only lived there for a year.", "He explained in an interview that he has many friends from Chicago that do not understand Australian words and that he often modifies phrases to make himself understood.", "Howard lives in Los Angeles with his mother and younger brother.", "Howard told Triple J that he wants to be an ambassador for Australia like Drake did for Canada.", "Howard has been in a relationship with a TikTok personality.", "Howard had been in isolation for a week after recovering from COVID-19.", "The post was live for a short time before it was edited to remove the information that Howard said he was quarantining with his girlfriend because they both had the same virus.", "He received an update to say he was free.", "The First Time (2022) Tours Headlining The End of the World Tour (2022) References are External links." ]

[ "Kid Laroi", "Laroi", "Laroi" ]

[ "Kid LA", "Laroi" ]

[ "Francis Stanton Blake (born July 30, 1949) is an American businessman and lawyer, who was the chairman and CEO of The Home Depot from January 2007 to May 2014.", "Prior to this he worked for the U.S. Department of Energy and General Electric.", "He was a longtime protégé of Robert Nardelli.", "Education and family\nBlake attended Brooks School in North Andover, Massachusetts, class of 1967.", "He received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1971 and a Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School in 1976, where he served as the Editor-in-Chief of the Columbia Law Review.", "In 1977, Blake married Anne McChristian with whom he had two children.", "In 2005, he married Elizabeth Lanier (Blake) who works as general counsel for Habitat for Humanity International.", "Legal career\nFrom 1971 to 1973 Blake was a legislative assistant to the joint committee on Social Welfare of the Massachusetts legislature.", "He was admitted to the District of Columbia bar in 1978.", "He served as a law clerk to Judge Wilfred Feinberg and then to Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens.", "Blake also served as general counsel for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), deputy counsel to Vice President George H. W. Bush.", "Management \n\nFrom 1991 to 1995 he was the general counsel for General Electric.", "As senior vice president, Corporate Business Development, he led all business development efforts, including worldwide mergers, acquisitions, dispositions and identification of strategic growth opportunities.", "As GE Power Systems head of business development, he played a key role in expanding that business into new technology and global marketplaces.", "He also held the position of general counsel at GE Power Systems.", "Blake then served as Deputy Secretary for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a role similar to that of chief operating officer in the private sector.", "There, he was a leader in departmental policy decisions and managed DOE's annual $19 billion budget.", "Blake joined the Home Depot in 2002 as executive vice president for Business Development and Corporate Operations, and vice chairman on the board of directors, reporting directly to chairman and CEO Robert Nardelli.", "His responsibilities include real estate, store construction and maintenance, credit services, strategic business development, special orders and service improvement, call centers and Installation Services Business.", "In April 2004, Blake was elected to serve on the board of directors for Southern Company, a premier super-regional energy company based in Atlanta, Georgia.", "On October 11, 2016, Blake was named non-executive chairman of Delta Air Lines.", "CEO of Home Depot\nAfter Nardelli resigned as Chairman and CEO on January 3, 2007, amid controversy over the company's stagnating stock price, poor customer service and Nardelli's salary, Blake was elevated to these positions.", "Although a longtime deputy to Nardelli at GE and Home Depot, Blake has been said to lack Nardelli's hard edge and instead prefers to make decisions by consensus.", "Indeed, Blake repudiated many of his predecessor's strategies, and it has been reported that the two men have not spoken since Nardelli departed Home Depot.", "Nardelli had pushed hard to make the company more efficient, instituting many metrics and centralizing operations, while cutting jobs to meet quarterly earnings targets.", "While this initially doubled earnings and reduced expenses, it alienated many of the store managers and rank-and-file store associates, and by extension the customers, resulting in a drop in same-store sales which is a key metric that analysts used to gauge the company stock.", "Nardelli, who regarded home improvement store-by-store sales as less important due to market saturation from competition such as Lowe's, aimed to dominate the wholesale housing-supply business through building up HD Supply, a unit that Blake sold for $8.5 billion in August 2007 since it was not part of Home Depot's integrated business.", "In comparison to Nardelli whose numbers-driven approach never appreciated the role of the store and its associates, Blake's strategy has revolved around reinvigorating the stores and its service culture (engaging employees, making products readily available and exciting to customers, improving the store environment, and dominating the professional contracting business, an area in which Home Depot's closest rivals trail far behind), as he recognized that employee morale is a more sensitive issue in retail compared to other industry sectors like manufacturing.", "Blake was given credit for returning to the \"Orange Apron Cult — the nearly religious zeal for knowledgeable employees and high levels of customer service that was the secret of the company’s original success\", as he believed that customer service was the key to Home Depot to differentiate itself from competitors on aspects other than price.", "Under Nardelli's tenure, Home Depot's stock performance lagged behind rival Lowe's, however this situation has been reversed under Blake.", "On August 21, 2014, The Home Depot announced that Craig Menear, President of U.S. Retail for The Home Depot, would take over as president and CEO on November 1, 2014.", "Menear has also been elected to the Board of Directors, effective immediately.", "Blake remained Chairman until his retirement on February 2, 2015, with Menear taking the role.", "Awards and honors\nIn 2019, Blake was named a Georgia Trustee by the Georgia Historical Society, in conjunction with the Office of the Governor of Georgia, to recognize accomplishments and community service that reflect the ideals of the founding body of Trustees, which governed the Georgia colony from 1732 to 1752.", "References\n\n Who's Who in America 2008 Edition, p. 414\n\n1949 births\nLiving people\nAmerican retail chief executives\nHarvard University alumni\nUnited States Deputy Secretaries of Energy\nLaw clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States\nThe Home Depot people\nGeneral Electric people\nColumbia Law School alumni\nPeople from Boston\nBrooks School alumni\nAmerican chief executives of Fortune 500 companies" ]

[ "He was the chairman and CEO of The Home Depot from January 2007 to May 2014, and was an American businessman and lawyer.", "He was employed by the U.S. Department of Energy and General Electric.", "He was close to Robert Nardelli.", "A family with education and a class of 1967.", "He received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1971 and a Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School in 1976, where he served as the Editor-in-Chief of the Columbia Law Review.", "He had two children with Anne McChristian.", "He married the general counsel for Habitat for Humanity International in 2005.", "Legislative assistant to the joint committee on Social Welfare of the Massachusetts legislature from 1971 to 1973.", "He was admitted to the District of Columbia bar in 1978.", "He was a law clerk for Judge Feinberg and Supreme Court Justice Stevens.", "The general counsel for the EPA was also deputy counsel to the vice president.", "He was the general counsel for General Electric from 1991 to 1995.", "He led all business development efforts, including worldwide mergers, acquisitions, dispositions and identification of strategic growth opportunities.", "As head of business development for GE Power Systems, he played a key role in expanding that business into new technology and global marketplaces.", "He was the general counsel at GE Power Systems.", "The role of deputy secretary for the DOE was similar to that of chief operating officer in the private sector.", "He managed the DOE's annual $19 billion budget and was a leader in departmental policy decisions.", "The vice chairman on the board of directors, as well as the executive vice president for Business Development and Corporate Operations, are reporting directly to the chairman and CEO.", "His responsibilities include real estate, store construction and maintenance, credit services, strategic business development, special orders and service improvement, call centers and Installation Services Business.", "Southern Company is a premier super-regional energy company based in Atlanta, Georgia.", "He was named non-executive chairman of Delta Air Lines.", "On January 3, 2007, Home Depot's Chairman and CEO, Nardelli, resigned amid controversy over the company's stock price, poor customer service, and Nardelli's salary.", "Although a long time deputy to Nardelli at GE and Home Depot, he prefers to make decisions by consensus and lacks Nardelli's hard edge.", "It has been reported that the two men have not spoken since Nardelli left Home Depot.", "Nardelli had pushed to make the company more efficient, instituting many metrics and centralizing operations, while cutting jobs to meet quarterly earnings targets.", "While this initially doubled earnings and reduced expenses, it alienated many of the store managers and rank-and-file store associates, and by extension the customers, resulting in a drop in same-store sales which is a key metric that analysts used to gauge the company stock.", "Home improvement store-by-store sales are less important due to market saturation from competition such as Lowe's and Nardelli wanted to dominate the wholesale housing-supply business through building up HD Supply.", "In comparison to Nardelli whose numbers-driven approach never appreciated the role of the store and its associates,Blake's strategy has centered around reinvigorating the stores and its service culture, making products readily available and exciting to customers, improving the store environment, and dominating the market.", "The Orange Apron Cult, the nearly religious zeal for knowledgeable employees and high levels of customer service that was the secret of the company's original success, was given credit for being the key to Home Depot's success.", "Home Depot's stock performance was lagging behind Lowe's under Nardelli, however it has been reversed underBlake.", "The Home Depot announced on August 21 that Craig Menear would take over as president and CEO on November 1.", "Effective immediately, Menear has been elected to the Board of Directors.", "Menear took over as Chairman on February 2, 2015, after the retirement of the Chairman.", "The ideals of the founding body of Trustees, which governed the Georgia colony from 1732 to 1752, were honored by the Georgia Historical Society and the Office of the Governor of Georgia in 2019.", "In Who's Who in America 2008 Edition, there are references to people from Harvard University and Columbia Law School." ]

[ "Francis Stanton Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake", "Blake" ]

[ "Blake" ]

[ "André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947).", "Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars.", "The author of more than fifty books, at the time of his death his obituary in The New York Times described him as \"France's greatest contemporary man of letters\" and \"judged the greatest French writer of this century by the literary cognoscenti.\"", "Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works, Gide exposed to public view the conflict and eventual reconciliation of the two sides of his personality (characterized by a Protestant austerity and a transgressive sexual adventurousness, respectively), which a strict and moralistic education had helped set at odds.", "Gide's work can be seen as an investigation of freedom and empowerment in the face of moralistic and puritanical constraints, and centers on his continuous effort to achieve intellectual honesty.", "His self-exploratory texts reflect his search of how to be fully oneself, including owning one's sexual nature, without at the same time betraying one's values.", "His political activity was shaped by the same ethos, as indicated by his repudiation of communism after his 1936 journey to the USSR.", "Early life\n\nGide was born in Paris on 22 November 1869, into a middle-class Protestant family.", "His father was a Paris University professor of law who died in 1880, Jean Paul Guillaume Gide, and his mother was Juliette Maria Rondeaux.", "His uncle was the political economist Charles Gide.", "His paternal family traced its roots back to Italy, with his ancestors, the Guidos, moving to France and other western and northern European countries after converting to Protestantism during the 16th century, due to persecution.", "Gide was brought up in isolated conditions in Normandy and became a prolific writer at an early age, publishing his first novel, The Notebooks of André Walter (French: Les Cahiers d'André Walter), in 1891, at the age of twenty-one.", "In 1893 and 1894, Gide traveled in Northern Africa, and it was there that he came to accept his attraction to boys.", "He befriended Oscar Wilde in Paris, and in 1895 Gide and Wilde met in Algiers.", "Wilde had the impression that he had introduced Gide to homosexuality, but, in fact, Gide had already discovered this on his own.", "The middle years\n\nIn 1895, after his mother's death, he married his cousin Madeleine Rondeaux, but the marriage remained unconsummated.", "In 1896, he became mayor of La Roque-Baignard, a commune in Normandy.", "In 1901, Gide rented the property Maderia in St. Brélade's Bay and lived there while residing in Jersey.", "This period, 1901–07, is commonly seen as a time of apathy and turmoil for him.", "In 1908, Gide helped found the literary magazine Nouvelle Revue Française (The New French Review).", "During The Great War Gide visited England.", "One of his friends there was the artist William Rothenstein.", "Rothenstein described Gide's visit to his Gloucestershire home in his autobiography:\n\nAndré Gide was in England during the war.", "...", "He came to stay with us for a time, and brought with him a young nephew, whose English was better than his own.", "The boy made friends with my son John, while Gide and I discussed everything under the sun.", "Once again I delighted in the range and subtlety of a Frenchman’s intelligence; and I regretted my long severance from France.", "Nobody understood art more profoundly than Gide, no one’s view of life was more penetrating.", "...\n\nGide had a half satanic, half monk-like mien; he put one in mind of portraits of Baudelaire.", "Withal there was something exotic about him.", "He would appear in a red waistcoat, black velvet jacket and beige-coloured trousers and, in lieu of collar and tie, a loosely knotted scarf.", "...", "The heart of man held no secrets for Gide.", "There was little that he didn’t understand, or discuss.", "He suffered, as I did, from the banishment of truth, one of the distressing symptoms of war.", "The Germans were not all black, and the Allies all white, for Gide.", "In 1916, Marc Allégret, only 15 years old, became his lover.", "Marc was the son – one of five children – of Élie Allégret, who years before had been hired by Gide's mother to tutor her son in light of his weak grades in school, after which he and Gide became fast friends; Élie Allégret was best man at Gide's wedding.", "Gide and Marc fled to London, in retribution for which his wife burned all his correspondence – \"the best part of myself,\" he later commented.", "In 1918, he met Dorothy Bussy, who was his friend for over thirty years and translated many of his works into English.", "Gide was close friends with the critic Charles Du Bos.", "Together they were part of the Foyer Franco-Belge, in which capacity they worked to find employment, food and housing for Franco-Belgian refugees who arrived in Paris following the German invasion of Belgium.", "Their friendship later declined, due to Du Bos' perception of Gide as disavowing or betraying his spiritual faith, in contrast to Du Bos' own return to faith.", "Du Bos' essay Dialogue avec André Gide was published in 1929.", "The essay, informed by Du Bos' Catholic convictions, condemned Gide's homosexuality.", "Gide and Du Bos' mutual friend Ernst Robert Curtius criticised the book in a letter to Gide, writing that \"he [Du Bos] judges you according to Catholic morals suffices to neglect his complete indictment.", "It can only touch those who think like him and are convinced in advance.", "He has abdicated his intellectual liberty.\"", "In the 1920s, Gide became an inspiration for writers such as Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre.", "In 1923, he published a book on Fyodor Dostoyevsky; however, when he defended homosexuality in the public edition of Corydon (1924) he received widespread condemnation.", "He later considered this his most important work.", "In 1923, he sired a daughter, Catherine, by Elisabeth van Rysselberghe, a woman who was much younger than he.", "He had known her for a long time, as she was the daughter of his closest female friend, Maria Monnom, the wife of his friend the Belgian neo-impressionist painter Théo van Rysselberghe.", "This caused the only crisis in the long-standing relationship between Allégret and Gide and damaged the relation with van Rysselberghe.", "This was possibly Gide's only sexual relationship with a woman, and it was brief in the extreme.", "Catherine became his only descendant by blood.", "He liked to call Elisabeth \"La Dame Blanche\" (\"The White Lady\").", "Elisabeth eventually left her husband to move to Paris and manage the practical aspects of Gide's life (they had adjoining apartments built for each on the rue Vavin).", "She worshiped him, but evidently they no longer had a sexual relationship.", "Gide's legal wife, Madeleine, died in 1938.", "Later he explored their unconsummated marriage in his memoir of Madeleine, Et nunc manet in te.", "In 1924, he published an autobiography, If it Die... (French: Si le grain ne meurt).", "In the same year, he produced the first French language editions of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Lord Jim.", "After 1925, he began to campaign for more humane conditions for convicted criminals.", "Africa\nFrom July 1926 to May 1927, he traveled through the French Equatorial Africa colony with his lover Marc Allégret.", "Gide went successively to Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo), Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic), briefly to Chad and then to Cameroon before returning to France.", "He related his peregrinations in a journal called Travels in the Congo (French: Voyage au Congo) and Return from Chad (French: Retour du Tchad).", "In this published journal, he criticized the behavior of French business interests in the Congo and inspired reform.", "In particular, he strongly criticized the Large Concessions regime (French: Régime des Grandes Concessions), i.e., a regime that conceded part of the colony to French companies and where these companies could exploit all of the area's natural resources, in particular rubber.", "He related, for instance, how natives were forced to leave their village for several weeks to collect rubber in the forest, and went as far as comparing their exploitation to slavery.", "The book had important influence on anti-colonialism movements in France and helped re-evaluate the impact of colonialism.", "Soviet Union\nDuring the 1930s, he briefly became a communist, or more precisely, a fellow traveler (he never formally joined any communist party).", "As a distinguished writer sympathizing with the cause of communism, he was invited to speak at Maxim Gorky's funeral and to tour the Soviet Union as a guest of the Soviet Union of Writers.", "He encountered censorship of his speeches and was particularly disillusioned with the state of culture under Soviet communism, breaking with his socialist friends in Retour de L'U.R.S.S.", "in 1936.", "In the 1949 anthology The God That Failed Gide describes his early enthusiasm:\n\n1930s and 1940s\n\nIn 1930 Gide published a book about the Blanche Monnier case called La Séquestrée de Poitiers, changing little but the names of the protagonists.", "Monnier was a young woman who was kept captive by her own mother for more than 25 years.", "In 1939, Gide became the first living author to be published in the prestigious Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.", "He left France for Africa in 1942 and lived in Tunis from December 1942 until it was re-taken by French, British and American forces in May 1943 and he was able to travel to Algiers where he stayed until the end of World War II.", "In 1947, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature \"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight\".", "He devoted much of his last years to publishing his Journal.", "Gide died in Paris on 19 February 1951.", "The Roman Catholic Church placed his works on the Index of Forbidden Books in 1952.", "Gide's life as a writer\n\nGide's biographer Alan Sheridan summed up Gide's life as a writer and an intellectual:\n\n\"Gide's fame rested ultimately, of course, on his literary works.", "But, unlike many writers, he was no recluse: he had a need of friendship and a genius for sustaining it.\"", "But his \"capacity for love was not confined to his friends: it spilled over into a concern for others less fortunate than himself.\"", "Writings\n\nAndré Gide's writings spanned many genres – \"As a master of prose narrative, occasional dramatist and translator, literary critic, letter writer, essayist, and diarist, André Gide provided twentieth-century French literature with one of its most intriguing examples of the man of letters.\"", "But as Gide's biographer Alan Sheridan points out, \"It is the fiction that lies at the summit of Gide's work.\"", "\"Here, as in the oeuvre as a whole, what strikes one first is the variety.", "Here, too, we see Gide's curiosity, his youthfulness, at work: a refusal to mine only one seam, to repeat successful formulas...The fiction spans the early years of Symbolism, to the \"comic, more inventive, even fantastic\" pieces, to the later \"serious, heavily autobiographical, first-person narratives\"...In France Gide was considered a great stylist in the classical sense, \"with his clear, succinct, spare, deliberately, subtly phrased sentences.\"", "Gide's surviving letters run into the thousands.", "But it is the Journal that Sheridan calls \"the pre-eminently Gidean mode of expression.\"", "\"His first novel emerged from Gide's own journal, and many of the first-person narratives read more or less like journals.", "In Les faux-monnayeurs, Edouard's journal provides an alternative voice to the narrator's.\"", "\"In 1946, when Pierre Herbert asked Gide which of his books he would choose if only one were to survive,\" Gide replied, 'I think it would be my Journal.'''\"", "Beginning at the age of eighteen or nineteen, Gide kept a journal all of his life and when these were first made available to the public, they ran to thirteen hundred pages.", "Struggle for values\n\n\"Each volume that Gide wrote was intended to challenge itself, what had preceded it, and what could conceivably follow it.", "This characteristic, according to Daniel Moutote in his Cahiers de André Gide essay, is what makes Gide's work 'essentially modern': the 'perpetual renewal of the values by which one lives.'\"", "Gide wrote in his Journal in 1930: \"The only drama that really interests me and that I should always be willing to depict anew, is the debate of the individual with whatever keeps him from being authentic, with whatever is opposed to his integrity, to his integration.", "Most often the obstacle is within him.", "And all the rest is merely accidental.\"", "As a whole, \"The works of André Gide reveal his passionate revolt against the restraints and conventions inherited from 19th-century France.", "He sought to uncover the authentic self beneath its contradictory masks.\"", "Sexuality\nIn his journal, Gide distinguishes between adult-attracted \"sodomites\" and boy-loving \"pederasts\", categorizing himself as the latter.", "One, but not the first, of his early sexual encounters with a young boy was in the company of Oscar Wilde.", "Gide's novel Corydon, which he considered his most important work, erects a defense of pederasty.", "At that time, the age of consent for any type of sexual activity was set at thirteen.", "Bibliography\n\n See also \n Colonialism\n LGBT culture in Paris\n Mise en abymeReferences\nCitations\n\nWorks cited\n Edmund White, André Gide: A Life in the Present.", "Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.]", "Further reading\n Noel I. Garde [Edgar H. Leoni], Jonathan to Gide: The Homosexual in History.", "New York:Vangard, 1964.", "For a chronology of Gide's life, see pp.", "13–15 in Thomas Cordle, André Gide (The Griffin Authors Series).", "Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1969.", "For a detailed bibliography of Gide's writings and works about Gide, see pp.", "655–678 in Alan Sheridan, André Gide: A Life in the Present.", "Harvard, 1999.", "External links\n\n Website of the Catherine Gide Foundation, held by Catherine Gide, his daughter.", "Center for Gidian Studies\n \n \n \nList of Works\n \n André Gide at Goodreads\n Amis d'André Gide in French Period newspaper articles on Gide interface in French''\n André Gide, 1947 Nobel Laureate for Literature\n André Gide: A Brief Introduction\n Gide at Maderia in Jersey, 1901–07\n \n\n19th-century LGBT people\n1869 births\n1951 deaths\nWriters from Paris\nFrench novelists\nFrench Protestants\nFrench travel writers\nFrench anti-communists\nFrench communists\nLGBT rights activists from France\nLGBT Nobel laureates\nNobel laureates in Literature\nFrench Nobel laureates\nWriters about the Soviet Union\nModernist writers\nFyodor Dostoyevsky scholars\nLycée Henri-IV alumni\nFrench LGBT novelists\nFrench male essayists\nFrench male novelists\nFrench people of Italian descent\nAnti-Stalinist left\nNouvelle Revue Française editors\n20th-century LGBT people" ]

[ "The winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature was a French author named André Paul Guillaume Gide.", "Gide's career ranged from the beginnings of the symbolist movement to the advent of anticolonialism.", "He was described as France's greatest contemporary man of letters and the greatest French writer of this century by his obituary in The New York Times.", "Gide exposed to public view the conflict and eventual reconciliation of the two sides of his personality, which a strict and moralistic education had helped set at odds.", "Gide's work can be seen as an investigation of freedom and empowerment in the face of moralistic and puritanical constraints, and centers on his continuous effort to achieve intellectual honesty.", "His search for how to be fully oneself, including owning one's sexual nature, without betraying one's values is reflected in his self-exploratory texts.", "His political activity was shaped by the same ethos as indicated by his repudiation of communism after his 1936 journey to the USSR.", "Gide was born in Paris on November 22, 1869, into a middle-class Protestant family.", "His father was a professor of law at the Paris University and his mother was a teacher.", "His uncle was a political economist.", "After converting to Protestantism in the 16th century due to persecution, his family moved to France and other western and northern European countries.", "Gide's first novel, The Notebooks of André Walter, was published in 1891 at the age of twenty-one.", "Gide traveled to Northern Africa in 1893 and 1894 to accept his attraction to boys.", "In 1895 Gide and Wilde met in Algeria.", "Wilde thought he had introduced Gide to homosexuality, but Gide had already discovered it on his own.", "After his mother's death, he married his cousin Madeleine Rondeaux, but the marriage remained unconsummated.", "He was the mayor of La Roque-Baignard in 1896.", "In 1901, Gide lived in Jersey and rented a property in St. Brélade's Bay.", "The period 1901–07 is often seen as a time of apathy and turmoil for him.", "Gide helped found a literary magazine.", "Gide was in England during The Great War.", "William was one of his friends.", "According to his book, Gide was in England during the war.", "...", "He came to stay with us for a while, and brought his nephew, whose English was better than his own.", "Gide and I talked about everything under the sun, while the boy made friends with my son John.", "I regretted my time in France because I loved the range and subtlety of a Frenchman's intelligence.", "No one had a more penetrating view of life than Gide.", "One in mind of portraits of Baudelaire was Gide's half satanic, half monk-like mien.", "There was something exotic about Withal.", "He would wear a red waistcoat, black velvet jacket, beige-coloured trousers, and a scarf in lieu of a collar and tie.", "...", "The man had no secrets for Gide.", "He understood or discussed little.", "One of the distressing symptoms of war was the banishment of truth.", "The Allies were all white for Gide.", "He was 15 years old when he became his lover.", "The son of lie Allégret was hired by Gide's mother to tutor her son in light of his weak grades in school, after which he and Gide became fast friends.", "After Gide's wife burned all his correspondence, he fled to London.", "He met Bussy, who was his friend for thirty years, in 1918 and they were able to translate many of his works into English.", "Gide was friends with the critic.", "They worked to find employment, food and housing for Franco-Belgian refugees who arrived in Paris following the German invasion of Belgium, as part of the Foyer Franco-Belge.", "Their friendship fell apart due to Du Bos' perception of Gide as betraying his faith in contrast to his own return to faith.", "Dialogue was published in 1929.", "The essay condemned Gide's homosexuality.", "Gide and Du Bos' mutual friend wrote a letter to Gide complaining about the book.", "Those who are convinced in advance can only be touched by it.", "His intellectual liberty has been abdicated.", "Gide became an inspiration for writers in the 1920s.", "In 1923, he published a book on Fyodor Dostoyevsky, however, when he defended homosexuality in the public edition of Corydon, he received widespread condemnation.", "He considered this to be his most important work.", "He sired a daughter, Catherine, in 1923, by a woman who was younger than him.", "She was the daughter of his friend's wife, Maria Monnom, and he had known her for a long time.", "There was only one crisis in the relationship between Allégret and Gide and that was caused by this.", "There was a brief sexual relationship between Gide and a woman.", "Catherine was his descendant by blood.", "He liked to call her \"La Dame Blanche\".", "They had adjoining apartments built for each on the rue Vavin for practical aspects of Gide's life.", "They no longer had a sexual relationship after she worshiped him.", "Madeleine was Gide's legal wife.", "Their unconsummated marriage was explored in his memoir.", "If it Die... was published in 1924.", "The first French language editions of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Lord Jim were produced by him in the same year.", "He began to advocate for more humane conditions for criminals.", "He traveled through the French colony of Africa with his lover.", "Gide went to Chad and then to the Central African Republic before returning to France.", "He wrote about his peregrinations in a journal called Return from Chad.", "He criticized the behavior of French business interests in the Congo in this journal.", "He was against the Large Concessions regime, which gave part of the colony to French companies and where they could exploit all of the area's natural resources.", "He compared natives' exploitation to slavery when they were forced to leave their village for several weeks to collect rubber in the forest.", "Anti-colonialism movements in France were influenced by the book.", "He became a communist in the 1930s, but never formally joined the communist party.", "He was invited to speak at Gorky's funeral and to tour the Soviet Union as a guest of the Soviet Union of Writers, as he sympathized with the cause of communism.", "He broke away from his socialist friends in Retour de L'U.R.S.S. because he was dissatisfied with the state of culture under Soviet communism.", "In 1936.", "In the 1949 anthology The God That Failed Gide describes his enthusiasm in the 1930s and 1940s.", "Monnier was kept captive by her mother for 25 years.", "Gide was the first living author to be published in the prestigious Bibliothque de la Pléiade.", "After leaving France in 1942, he lived in Tunisia until May 1943, when he was able to travel to Algeria, where he stayed until the end of World War II.", "He received the prize for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight.", "He spent a lot of his last years publishing his journal.", "Gide died in Paris.", "His works were placed on the index by the Roman Catholic Church.", "Gide's biographer summed up Gide's life as a writer and an intellectual: \"Gide's fame rested ultimately on his literary works.\"", "He was a genius for sustaining it and had a need for friendship.", "His capacity for love was not limited to his friends, it spilled over into a concern for others less fortunate than himself.", "As a master of prose narrative, occasional dramatist and translator, literary critic, letter writer, essayist, and diarist, André Gide provided twentieth-century French literature with one of its most intriguing examples of the man of letters.", "\"It is the fiction that lies at the summit of Gide's work that is the most important part of Gide's work,\" says Alan Sheridan, Gide's biographer.", "\"Here, as in the oeuvre as a whole, what strikes one first is the variety.\"", "Here, too, we see Gide's curiosity, his youthfulness, at work: a refusal to mine only one seam, to repeat successful formulas... The fiction spans the early years of Symbolism, to the \"comic, more inventive, even fantastic\" pieces, to the later", "The letters run into the thousands.", "The Gidean mode of expression is called the Journal.", "Gide's first novel emerged from his own journal, and many of the first-person narratives read more or less like journals.", "In Les faux-monnayeurs, the journal of Edouard gives an alternative voice to the narrator.", "When Pierre Herbert asked Gide which of his books he would choose if only one were to survive, Gide replied, \"I think it would be my Journal.\"", "When Gide's journal was first made available to the public, they ran to thirteen hundred pages.", "Each volume written by Gide was intended to challenge itself, what preceded it, and what could follow it.", "The perpetual renewal of the values by which one lives is what makes Gide's work modern.", "The only drama that really interests me and that I should always be willing to depict anew, is the debate of the individual with whatever keeps him from being authentic, with whatever is opposed to his integrity, to his integration.", "The obstacle is usually within him.", "All the rest is accidental.", "The works of André Gide show his passionate revolt against the restraints and conventions of 19th-century France.", "He wanted to uncover the authentic self.", "Gide distinguishes between adult-attracted \"sodomites\" and boy-loving \"pederasts\" in his journal.", "The first time he had sex with a young boy was in the company of Oscar Wilde.", "The defense of pederasty is built on Gide's novel, which he considered his most important work.", "The age of consent for sexual activity was set at thirteen.", "References were given to Edmund White and André Gide: A Life in the Present.", "Harvard University Press was published in Cambridge, MA.", "Jonathan to Gide: The Homosexual in History was read further by Noel I. Garde.", "Vangard was born in New York.", "For a description of Gide's life, see pp.", "The Griffin Authors Series was written by Thomas Cordle and André Gide.", "Twayne Publishers, Inc. was founded in 1969.", "There is a detailed bibliography of Gide's writings.", "André Gide: A Life in the Present was written by Alan Sheridan.", "Harvard in 1999.", "Catherine Gide, his daughter, holds the Website of the Catherine Gide Foundation.", "The Center for Gidian Studies has a list of works by André Gide." ]

[ "André Paul Guillaume Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Guillaume Gide", "Charles Gide", "Gide", "André Walter", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André G", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Catherine Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "André", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide" ]

[ "André Paul Guillaume Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Walter", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Gide", "André Gide", "Catherine Gide", "Catherine Gide", "André Gide" ]

[ "Alexander Yakovlevich Tairov (; ; 6 July 1885 – 5 September 1950) was a leading innovator and theatre director in Russia before and during the Soviet era.", "Biography\n\nChildhood\nAleksandr Tairov was born Aleksandr Yakovlevich Korenblit on July 6, 1885, in Romny, Russian Empire.", "His father, Yakov Korenblit, was the headmaster of a primary school in Berdichev.", "At the age of 10, young Tairov moved to Kiev and settled with his aunt, a retired actress.", "She introduced him to theatre.", "He took part in amateur performances and assumed the name Tairov as a pseudonym.", "Experience\nIn 1904 he enrolled in the Law School at Kiev University.", "That same year Tairov married his cousin, Olga.", "In 1905 Tairov opposed the pogroms of Jews in Kiev.", "He was arrested by the Tsar's police and imprisoned.", "His second arrest led him to decide to move from Kiev to St. Petersburg.", "Theatrical Beginnings\nIn 1906 Tairov was invited by the famous Russian actress Vera Komissarzhevskaya and joined her theatre as an actor under the directorship of Vsevolod Meyerhold.", "Tairov concurrently continued his studies in law at St. Petersburg University.", "There he started his lifelong friendship with Anatoli Lunacharsky.", "He collaborated with Vsevolod Meyerhold on a joint production of a play by Paul Claudel.", "Both directors were creating new experimental models for theatre in Russia.", "Tairov felt that the work of Meyerhold's actors was dictated by the production concept and that the actors were mere puppets.", "Soon Tairov left to join Pavel Gaideburov's company as a director.", "Chamber Theatre\nTairov created a prototype of his Chamber Theatre as \"synthetic theatre\" with high goals in mind.", "As director he experimented with staging, acting, individual and group movements, stage and costume designs, and worked with every detail of theatrical performance in order to break away from the traditional theatre.", "Tairov's experimental approach spread to all phases of creating a stage show including even the rehearsals and practice.", "He used the music of Ludwig van Beethoven and Frédéric Chopin as a way of helping his actors achieve a special state of mind during their performances.", "Riga\nIn 1912 Tairov was invited to direct a play in collaboration with the Russian Drama Theatre in Riga.", "There he was once again attacked by the local anti-Semites and was banned by the local authorities from staying and working in the city of Riga.", "The conflict took two weeks to resolve.", "Tairov prevailed, he stayed and completed his work for the Russian Drama Theatre in Riga.", "Upon his return to St. Petersburg, Tairov converted to Evangelical Lutheranism.", "Moscow\nIn 1913 Tairov moved to Moscow.", "There he joined a corporation of attorneys at law and could continue a comfortable career.", "Instead, Tairov established himself as an important anti-realist director.", "With his wife, the actress Alisa Koonen, he founded the Kamerny (Chamber) Theatre in 1914; it became the centre of experimental creativity for many Russian actors, artists, writers, and musicians.", "Tairov was the first director in Russia to stage The Threepenny Opera by Bertolt Brecht.", "He staged classical play of Kalidasa - \"Sakuntala\", plays of Valery Bryusov, Eugene O'Neill, J.B. Priestley, Oscar Wilde, and other contemporary writers.", "Tairov collaborated with such artists as Alexandra Exter, Pavel Kuznetsov, Sergei Soudeikin, Mikhail Larionov, Natalya Goncharova, Vladimir Pohl, Inayat Khan and others.", "Tairov's Acting Studio became extremely popular among aspiring actors such as Vera Karalli, Yevgeni Lebedev, and others.", "He worked with composers Sergei Prokofiev, A. Aleksandrov, Georgi Sviridov, and Dmitri Kabalevsky.", "After Revolution\nAfter the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, Tairov continued development of his independent approach to theatre.", "His early productions of the Soviet era were Salome by Oscar Wilde and Adrienne Lecouvrer, which became a legendary play and ran more than 800 performances.", "The Chamber Theatre remained very popular and toured across the Soviet Union.", "The Chamber Theatre's tours of Europe in 1923, and of South America in 1930 were critically acclaimed as \"a total victory of the famous Russian innovator and a genius of staging\".", "Under Stalin in the 1930s\nIn 1929 Tairov produced Bagrovy Ostrov (The Crimson Island) by Mikhail Bulgakov.", "At that time Joseph Stalin began his total control of culture and labeled the play bourgeois.", "That was enough to trigger organized attacks on Tairov in the Soviet media.", "His next production of Vsevolod Vishnevskiy's Optimistic tragedy (1933) was criticized by Vyacheslav Molotov as a slander of Russian history.", "Tairov tried to defend his theatre, he stated that theatres must be established on the level of research institutes.", "\"Pavlov has an institute on which millions are spent.", "Stanislavsky must have an institute too\", said Tairov.", "As a punishment, Tairov's Chamber Theatre was sent to work in Siberia.", "However, unlike many other enemies of the regime, Tairov survived the Great Purges in which millions were imprisoned or executed.", "Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee\nIn August 1941, though his theatre company had returned to Siberia, Tairov joined the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in Moscow.", "It was formed by the group of leading intellectuals to campaign against the Nazis during the Second World War.", "The Committee was headed by Solomon Mikhoels.", "Along with Tairov other prominent members were Emil Gilels, David Oistrakh, Samuil Marshak, Ilja Ehrenburg, and many other leading intellectuals in the Soviet Union.", "The main driving force of the Committee was represented by the group of Yiddish writers such as Perets Markish, Lev Kvitko, David Gofstein, Itsik Fefer, David Bergelson, and others.", "The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee provided over 45 million rubles to the Soviet Red Army.", "After the end of the Second World War it was denounced by Joseph Stalin, and many of its members were executed by the Soviet secret service.", "Under Stalin after World War II\n\nIn 1946 the Soviet Communist Party launched attacks on intellectuals in the Soviet Union.", "Such leading cultural figures as Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Prokofiev, Aram Khachaturyan, Boris Pasternak, Mikhail Zoshchenko and many others suffered from censorship and severe repression.", "Tairov's Chamber Theatre was attacked for having little to do with contemporary Soviet life.", "Tairov tried to make additions to repertoire and invited writer Alexander Galich, and young director Georgi Tovstonogov, but it was too late.", "In May 1949, the Soviet Committee for Arts issued an official order to close the theatre.", "Tairov's Chamber Theatre was accused of \"Aesthetism and Formalism\".", "Tairov was granted a personal pension and soon was hospitalized with brain cancer.", "He died on September 5, 1950, in Moscow, and was laid to rest in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow, Russia.", "Timeline\n1885 - Born Aleksandr Yakovlevich Korenblit, in Berdichev, Ukraine, Russian Empire.", "1895 - Moved to Kiev, attended theatrical performances\n1904 - Married his cousin, Olga.", "1905 - Experienced pogrom in Kiev.", "1906 - Moved to St. Petersburg and became an actor on invitation from Vera Komissarzhevkaya.", "1907 - Directed plays in St. Petersburg in collaboration with Vsevolod Meyerhold\n1912 - Directed a play in Riga, where he was arrested by anti-semitic police.", "1913 - Tairov took up legal practice in Moscow.", "Konstantin Mardzhanov invited Tairov to join him in starting a theatre, but the venture folded after only a year.", "1914 - Tairov opened the Kamerny Theatre, or Chamber Theatre, so named because he wanted to develop a select, appreciative audience.", "1918 - Meyerhold and Tairov collaborated on a production of The Exchange in February, but the production was a failure.", "1921 - Published aesthetic philosophy in Notes of a Director.", "1923 - Tairov's acting school, which included classes such as improvisation, fencing, gymnastics, juggling, and theatre history, is granted official status.", "Also this year, the Kamerny Theatre tours to Paris, Berlin, Frankfurt, and Dresden.", "1925 - Kamerny Theatre tours to Germany and Vienna.", "1930 - Kamerny Theatre tours to Germany, Prague, Vienna, Italy, Paris, Buenos Aires, and Montevideo.", "Performances include Oscar Wilde's Salome, Alexander Ostrovsky's Storm, Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms, and Charles Lecocq's Girofle-Girofla.", "1933 - Produced a socialist realist production of Optimistic Tragedy.", "1935 - Awarded title of People's Artist.", "1936 - Accused of formalism.", "1937 - Merged with Okhlopkov's Realistic Theatre.", "This collaboration only lasted one year.", "1939 - Ten-month tour to Eastern Russia which included performances of Madame Bovary and The Bedbug.", "This tour may have saved Tairov from the purge.", "1941 - Kamerny Theatre was evacuated to Siberia where they performed for two years.", "1945 - Received the Order of Lenin.", "1949 - Kamerny Theatre closed.", "Tairov and his wife, actress Alisa Koonen transferred to the Vakhantangov Theatre.", "1950 - Tairov dies in September.", "1974 - Alice Koonen dies.", "Aesthetic philosophy\nTairov developed what he called \"Synthetic Theatre\" which incorporated ballet, opera, circus, music hall, and dramatic elements.", "He believed theatre was its own art and was not merely a means for transmitting literature.", "His productions were not subservient to their text.", "The acting school Tairov developed was to train a company of \"master actors\" who would excel in all of the elements of Synthetic Theatre and become the primary creators of performances.", "Tairov's productions employed Constructivist sets.", "One of his primary designers was Alexandra Exter who created sets and costumes for Famira Kifared, Salome and Romeo and Juliet.", "Her designs can be seen in the 1924 film Aelita Queen of Mars for which she used celluloid and metal for the Martian costumes.", "Productions\nRomeo and Juliet - 1921\nThis set, designed by Exter, employed seven bridges of various heights as well as rope ladders to depict the lovers' obstacles.", "The set was inlaid with mirrors which were later replaced with foil.", "Phaedra by Racine - 1922\nThis is the first of Tairov's productions in which emotion was the primary focus.", "Alice Koonen played Phaedra, and entered draped in a heavy purple cape of velvet.", "This image was contrasted with her appearance in a red cape for the confession scene.", "The set was modeled on the image of a listing ship with several off-kilter platforms.", "Girofle-Girofla - 1922\nThis comic operetta is set around the confusion involving twins, both played by Koonen.", "The set was made up of folding ladders, revolving mirrors, and trap doors.", "The Man Who Was Thursday - 1924\nTairov staged this play by Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky (1887–1950), based on G. K. Chesterton's fantastic novel, at the Kamerny theatre in Moscow.", "Chesterton lamented this \"misreading\" by the Russians several times later in life, most prominently in his 1936 autobiography.", "Desire Under the Elms - 1930\nThe Moscow production was followed by a mock trial for Abbie and Eben.", "Tairov was a witness for the defense and legal experts and psychiatrists took part as well.", "The trial ended at 2am with the acquittal of the defendants.", "O'Neill saw the production when it toured to Paris and loved it.", "Notes\n\nReferences\n\nCompton, Susan A. Alexandra Exter and the Dynamic Stage.", "Art in America 62.5 (1974): 100-3.", "Frenz, Horst.", "Alexander Tairov and the 1930 World Tour of the Kamerny Theatre.", "Brockett, Oscar Gross, ed.", "Studies in Theatre and Drama; Essays in Honor of Hubert C. Heffner.", "The Hague: Mouton, 1972, pp.", "177-194.", "Marshall, Herbert.", "The Pictorial History of the Russian Theatre.", "New York: Crown Publishers, 1977.", "Roose-Evans, James.", "Experimental Theatre from Stanislavsky to Today.", "New York: Universe Books, 1970.", "Tairov, Alexander.", "Notes of a Director, Uniform Title: Zapiski Rezhissera.", "English.", "Coral Gables, Fla: University of Miami Press, 1969.", "Worrall, Nick.", "Modernism to Realism on the Soviet Stage : Tairov-Vakhtangov-Okhlopkov.", "New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.", "Russian and Soviet theatre directors\n1885 births\nPeople from Romny\n1950 deaths\nSoviet Jews\nBurials at Novodevichy Cemetery\nConverts to Lutheranism from Judaism\nUkrainian Protestants\n20th-century Lutherans" ]

[ "Alexander Yakovlevich Tairov was a leading innovator and theatre director in Russia before and during the Soviet era.", "On July 6, 1885, Aleksandr Tairov was born in the Russian Empire.", "His father was the head of the primary school in Berdichev.", "Tairov moved to Kiev at the age of 10 and lived with his aunt.", "He was introduced to theatre by her.", "He took part in amateur performances and assumed the name Tairov.", "He attended the Law School at Kiev University.", "Tairov married his cousin.", "The pogroms of Jews in Kiev were opposed by Tairov in 1905.", "He was arrested by the police.", "He decided to move to St. Petersburg after his second arrest.", "Vera Komissarzhevskaya invited Tairov to join her theatre as an actor under the direction of Vsevolod Meyerhold.", "Tairov was continuing his studies in law.", "He began his friendship with Anatoli Lunacharsky there.", "He was involved in a production of a play by Paul Claudel.", "The directors were working on new models for theatre.", "The work of Meyerhold's actors was dictated by the production concept, according to Tairov.", "Tairov joined Gaideburov's company as a director.", "The Chamber Theatre prototype was created with high goals in mind.", "He broke away from the traditional theatre by experimenting with staging, acting, individual and group movements, stage and costume designs, and worked with every detail of theatrical performance.", "Tairov's approach to creating a stage show included rehearsals and practice.", "He used the music of Ludwig van Beethoven and Frédéric Chopin to help his actors achieve a special state of mind.", "The Russian Drama Theatre invited Tairov to direct a play in 1912.", "He was banned from staying and working in the city of Riga after he was attacked again by the local anti-Semites.", "It took two weeks to resolve the conflict.", "Tairov completed his work for the Russian Drama Theatre.", "Tairov converted to Lutheranism after returning to St. Pete.", "Tairov moved to Moscow in 1913.", "He was able to continue his career at the corporation of attorneys at law.", "Tairov became an important anti-realist director.", "The centre of experimental creativity for many Russian actors, artists, writers, and musicians was founded in 1914 by his wife, the actress Alisa Koonen.", "The Threepenny Opera was staged by Tairov in Russia.", "Classical plays of Kalidasa were staged by him.", "Tairov collaborated with many artists.", "Tairov's acting studio was very popular with aspiring actors such as Vera Karalli.", "He worked with many composers.", "The development of Tairov's approach to theatre continued after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.", "His early productions of the Soviet era included a play called Salome by Oscar Wilde and Adrienne Lecouvrer, which ran more than 800 performances.", "The Chamber Theatre was very popular in the Soviet Union.", "The Chamber Theatre's tours of Europe in 1923 and of South America in 1930 were critically acclaimed as \"a total victory of the famous Russian innovator and a genius of staging\".", "Bagrovy Ostrov was produced by Tairov under Stalin in the 1930s.", "Joseph Stalin labeled the play bourgeois when he began his control of culture.", "Tairov was the target of attacks in the Soviet media.", "The Optimistic tragedy was criticized by Vyacheslav Molotov as a misrepresentation of Russian history.", "The theatre must be established on the level of a research institute according to Tairov.", "There is an institute on which millions of dollars are spent.", "Tairov said that Stanislavsky must have an institute.", "Tairov's Chamber Theatre was sent to Siberia as a punishment.", "In the Great Purges, millions were imprisoned or executed, but Tairov survived.", "Tairov joined the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in Moscow after his theatre company returned to Siberia.", "During the Second World War, it was formed by a group of leading intellectuals.", "The leader of the Committee was Solomon Mikhoels.", "Leading intellectuals in the Soviet Union, along with Tairov, were Emil Gilels, David Oistrakh, Samuil Marshak, and Ilja Ehrenburg.", "A group of Yiddish writers such as Perets Markish, Lev Kvitko, David Gofstein, Itsik Fefer, David Bergelson, and others, were the main driving force of the Committee.", "The Soviet Red Army received over 45 million rubles from the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee.", "Many of its members were executed by the Soviet secret service after it was denounced by Joseph Stalin.", "The Soviet Communist Party launched attacks on intellectuals after World War II.", "Leading cultural figures such as Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Prokofiev, Boris Pasternak, and many others suffered from censorship.", "The Chamber Theatre had little to do with contemporary Soviet life.", "It was too late for Tairov to invite writer Alexander Galich and director Georgi Tovstonogov.", "The theatre was closed by the Soviet Committee for Arts in May 1949.", "The Chamber Theatre was accused of \"Aesthetism and Formalism\".", "Tairov was hospitalized with brain cancer after he was granted a personal pension.", "He died in Moscow on September 5, 1950 and was buried in Russia.", "Born in Berdichev, Ukraine, in 1885.", "He married his cousin, Olga, in 1904.", "In 1905, there was an experienced pogrom in Kiev.", "Vera Komissarzhevkaya invited the actor to become an actor.", "In 1912, he was arrested by anti-semitic police for directing a play.", "Tairov practiced in Moscow in 1913.", "Tairov was invited by Mardzhanov to join him in starting a theatre, but the venture folded after a year.", "The Chamber Theatre was named after Tairov because he wanted to develop an appreciative audience.", "Meyerhold and Tairov collaborated on a production of The Exchange in February, but it was a failure.", "The Notes of a Director was published in 1921.", "The official status of Tairov's acting school was granted in 1923.", "The Kamerny Theatre is on tour this year to Paris, Berlin, Frankfurt, and Dresden.", "There were tours to Germany and Vienna in 1925.", "There were tours to Germany, Vienna, Italy, Paris, Buenos Aires, and Montevideo in the 1930's.", "Performances include Oscar Wilde's Salome, Alexander Ostrovsky's Storm, Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms, and Charles Lecocq's Girofle-Girofla.", "The socialist realist production was called Optimistic Tragedy.", "The title of People's Artist was awarded in 1935.", "Accused of formalism in 1936.", "Okhlopkov's Realistic Theatre was merged in 1937.", "The collaboration only lasted a year.", "Madame Bovary and The Bedbug performed during a 10-month tour of Eastern Russia in 1939.", "Tairov may have been saved by this tour.", "They performed in Siberia for two years after being evacuated.", "The Order of Lenin was received by savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay", "The Kamerny Theatre closed in 1949.", "Tairov and his wife moved to the Vakhantangov Theatre.", "Tairov died in September.", "Alice Koonen died in 1974.", "Tairov's \"Synthetic Theatre\" incorporated ballet, opera, circus, music hall, and dramatic elements.", "He believed that theatre was more than just a means for literature to be transmitted.", "Their text was not subservient to his productions.", "The acting school Tairov developed was to train a company of \"master actors\" who would excel in all of the elements of Synthetic Theatre and become the primary creators of performances.", "The Constructivist sets were used in Tairov's productions.", "He had a primary designer who created sets and costumes for many of them.", "Her designs can be seen in the 1924 film Aelita Queen of Mars, in which she used metal and celluloid.", "The set used seven bridges of various heights and rope ladders to depict the lovers' obstacles.", "The set was replaced with foil after it was inlaid with mirrors.", "This is the first of Tairov's productions in which emotion was the primary focus.", "Alice Koonen entered wearing a heavy purple cape of velvet.", "She wore a red cape for the confession scene.", "The set was modeled on a listing ship.", "Koonen is playing twins in the comic operetta Girofle-Girofla 1922.", "The set consisted of folding ladders, revolving mirrors, and trap doors.", "The play The Man Who Was Thursday - 1924 Tairov was based on G. K. Chesterton's novel and was staged in Moscow.", "In his 1936 autobiography, Chesterton lamented this \"misreading\" by the Russians.", "The Moscow production was followed by a mock trial.", "Tairov was a witness for the defense and legal experts.", "The defendants were acquitted at 2am.", "The production toured to Paris and O'Neill loved it.", "There are references to the Dynamic Stage.", "Art in America was published in 1974.", "\"Frenz, Horst.\"", "The World Tour of the Kamerny Theatre was led by Alexander Tairov.", "Brockett, Oscar Gross.", "The Essays in Honor of Heffner were written in honor of Heffner.", "The Hague: Mouton, 1972, pp.", "177-194.", "Herbert Marshall.", "The Russian Theatre had atorial history.", "New York: Crown Publishers.", "James Roose-Evans.", "Today is the site of experimental theatre.", "Universe books was published in New York.", "Alexander Tairov.", "There are notes of a director.", "The language is English.", "The University of Miami Press was published in 1969.", "Nick Worrall.", "Modernism to Realism on the Soviet Stage was written by Tairov-Vakhtangov-Okhlopkov.", "Cambridge University Press was in New York.", "Russian and Soviet theatre directors have births and deaths." ]

[ "Alexander Yakovlevich Tairov", "Aleksandr Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Alexander Galich", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Alexander Ostrovsky", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Alexander Tairov", "Tairov", "Alexander", "Tairov" ]

[ "Alexander Yakovlevich Tairov", "Aleksandr Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairovaid", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Alexander Galich", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Alexander Ostrovsky", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Tairov", "Alexander Tairov", "Alexander Tairov", "Tairov" ]

[ "Benjamin P. Cherington (born July 14, 1974) is an American baseball executive serving as the general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB) since November 2019.", "He previously served as the vice-president of baseball operations for the Toronto Blue Jays, and was the executive vice president and general manager of the Boston Red Sox from 2011 to 2015.", "He succeeded Theo Epstein in that position, having worked in the team's baseball operations office since 1999, before Epstein's arrival.", "Early life\nBorn in Meriden, New Hampshire, Cherington is the grandson of former Dartmouth College professor Richard Eberhart, a poet who won the Pulitzer Prize.", "Cherington graduated from Lebanon High School, where he was a pitcher on the varsity baseball team.", "He matriculated at Amherst College, where he was a member of the Gamma chapter of Psi Upsilon fraternity, and has a master's degree in Sport Management from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.", "He was originally hired by the Red Sox in by Dan Duquette, an Amherst College alumnus who was then the club's general manager, after Cherington spent the previous season as an advance scout for the Cleveland Indians.", "Career\n\nBoston Red Sox\nCherington served Boston as an area scout, baseball operations assistant, coordinator of international scouting, and assistant director (and then director) of player development from 1999 to 2005.", "From December 12, 2005, through January 19, 2006, he served as the Red Sox' co-general manager with Jed Hoyer during Epstein's absence from the team, with club president/CEO Larry Lucchino and veteran former Major League GM Bill Lajoie also playing key roles during that period.", "After Epstein's return, Cherington became vice president, player personnel, through January 2009, then senior vice president and assistant GM from 2009 through his promotion to general manager after the 2011 season.", "Cherington inherited a team that had tumbled out of contention for a division championship or wild card postseason appearance with a disastrous, 7–20 record during September 2011.", "The slide cost eight-year manager Terry Francona his job and occurred as Epstein was negotiating to join the Chicago Cubs as their president of baseball operations.", "Cherington's first major assignment after succeeding Epstein was to find a successor to Francona, but his final candidates were rejected by Boston's ownership and CEO Lucchino in favor of former Texas Rangers and New York Mets manager Bobby Valentine — out of the Majors since , although he had managed the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball and served as a television analyst on ESPN since.", "Valentine's 2012 roster included many veterans of the 2011 Red Sox, and he clashed with his players, his holdover coaches, and the media.", "The team suffered from injuries to key players, struggled out of the gate, improved to a high-water mark of 41–36 (.532) on June 29, but then began to fall back in the standings.", "When it became clear that the Red Sox would not contend as constituted, Cherington and the team's ownership initiated a trade with the Los Angeles Dodgers on August 25, sending pitcher Josh Beckett, outfielder Carl Crawford and first baseman Adrián González — all on expensive, multiyear contracts — to the Dodgers and clearing $262.5 million in salary obligations.", "Stripped of veteran talent, the 2012 Red Sox went only 9–26 over the final 35 games of the season and finished with their worst record since 1965.", "Valentine was fired one day after the season ended October 3.", "Cherington then set out to rebuild the team for .", "He hired John Farrell as his manager, acquiring Farrell's rights in an October 21 trade with the Toronto Blue Jays.", "He signed seven key free agents — David Ross, Jonny Gomes, Stephen Drew, Mike Napoli, Shane Victorino, Koji Uehara and Ryan Dempster — none of whom required sacrificing a draft pick.", "Although a midwinter trade for relief pitcher Joel Hanrahan was ruined by Hanrahan's season-ending elbow injury in May, Cherington obtained a useful bench player, Mike Carp, in a preseason trade.", "Then, on July 30, he engineered a three-team transaction that brought starting pitcher Jake Peavy to Boston.", "Farrell, the free agents, Carp and Peavy, as well as a return to health of core players such as David Ortiz, Jacoby Ellsbury and John Lackey, all contributed to Boston's surprisingly successful 2013 season.", "The club improved by 28 games, rising from last place in the American League East Division in to the division championship, 97 regular-season victories (tied for the most in Major League Baseball), the 2013 American League pennant, and the 2013 World Series championship.", "During that offseason, Boston failed to re-sign free agents Ellsbury and Jarrod Saltalamacchia.", "The Red Sox, struggling to score runs, fell back to last place in the AL East, losing 26 games from their previous year's standard with a 71–91 record, 25 games behind the division champion Baltimore Orioles.", "On July 31, with Boston out of the race, Cherington traded starting pitchers Lackey and Jon Lester to contending teams (Peavy had been traded July 26), then retooled the roster during the 2014–15 offseason, adding high-ticket free agents Pablo Sandoval and Hanley Ramírez and trading for starting pitchers Wade Miley and Rick Porcello.", "After a promising 12–10 April start to their season, the Red Sox slumped to a 9–19 May record (scoring the fewest runs in the Major Leagues), and had a horrendous eight-game losing streak after the All-Star break.", "Porcello, Ramírez and Sandoval performed poorly, the latter two struggling with injuries and illness.", "On August 1, with the Red Sox again mired in last place at 47–58, Lucchino announced his intention to retire as president/CEO at the end of the season.", "Seventeen days later, the Red Sox named veteran MLB executive Dave Dombrowski to the new position of president, baseball operations, to oversee Cherington and the on-field side of the Boston organization.", "Cherington then turned in his resignation, declining the club's request that he remain as the team's general manager.", "By that time, only one of the 2013 free agents, injured closer Uehara, remained on the Red Sox' roster.", "However, Cherington left behind a group of young players (Xander Bogaerts, Mookie Betts, Brock Holt, Eduardo Rodríguez, Blake Swihart, Travis Shaw, Henry Owens, Christian Vázquez, and others) as a potential core of their 2016 team.", "Much of this core that Cherington acquired contributed heavily to the Red Sox's 2018 championship.", "Five weeks later, Mike Hazen, one of Cherington's assistants, was named his successor.", "Although Cherington's name was mentioned as a possible candidate for open general manager posts in MLB, he decided to join Columbia University's Sports Management faculty for the 2015–16 academic year to teach a course in \"leadership in sports\" during the spring 2016 semester.", "Toronto Blue Jays\nOn September 14, 2016, Cherington was hired by the Toronto Blue Jays to be their vice-president of baseball operations.", "Pittsburgh Pirates\nOn November 18, 2019, Cherington was officially announced as the Pittsburgh Pirates general manager.", "Awards\nCherington was named Major League Baseball Executive of the Year for 2013 by The Sporting News for his efforts.", "He was only the third Red Sox executive to win the award since its origination in , following longtime owner Tom Yawkey () and late general manager Dick O'Connell (; ).", "Personal life\nOn April 6, 2012, Cherington married then-marketing executive Tyler Tumminia in a ceremony at Brooklyn Borough Hall.", "Tumminia is currently the interim commissioner of the Premier Hockey Federation.", "The couple has two daughters: Adwen Hudson (born 2012) and Harper Charles.", "Cherington was previously married to ESPN reporter Wendi Nix, whom he shares two daughters with.", "References\n\nFurther reading\n \n\n1974 births\nLiving people\nAmherst College alumni\nBoston Red Sox executives\nBoston Red Sox scouts\nCleveland Indians scouts\nMajor League Baseball general managers\nPeople from Plainfield, New Hampshire\nColumbia University faculty\nIsenberg School of Management alumni\nToronto Blue Jays executives\nBaseball people from New Hampshire" ]

[ "The general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball is Benjamin P. Cherington.", "He was the executive vice president and general manager of the Boston Red Sox from 2011 to 2015, after previously serving as the vice-president of baseball operations for the Toronto BlueJays.", "He had worked in the team's baseball operations office since 1999, before Theo Epstein arrived.", "Richard Eberhart, a poet who won the Pulitzer Prize, is the grandson of Cherington.", "Cherington was a pitcher on the baseball team at Lebanon High School.", "He earned a master's degree in Sport Management from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, where he was a member of the Psi Upsilon Fraternity.", "After Cherington spent the previous season as an advance scout for the Cleveland Indians, he was hired by Dan Duquette, who was then the club's general manager.", "Cherington was an area scout, baseball operations assistant, coordinator of international scouting, and assistant director of player development for the Boston Red Socks from 1999 to 2005.", "During Theo's absence from the team from December 12 to January 19 of 2005, he served as the team's co-general manager, with club president/CEO Larry Lucchino and veteran Major League GM Bill Lajoie also playing key roles.", "Cherington became senior vice president and assistant GM in 2009, after which he was promoted to general manager.", "Cherington took over a team that had fallen out of contention for a division championship or a wild card appearance.", "The slide cost Terry Francona his job as he was negotiating to join the Chicago Cubs as their president of baseball operations.", "Cherington's first major assignment after succeeding Theo was to find a successor to Francona, but his final candidates were rejected by Boston's ownership and CEO Lucchino in favor of former Texas Rangers and New York Mets manager Bobby Valentine.", "He clashed with his players, his holdover coaches, and the media when he was a manager.", "The team suffered from injuries to key players, struggled out of the gate, improved to a high-water mark of 41–36 on June 29, but then began to fall back in the table.", "Cherington and the team's ownership initiated a trade with the Los Angeles Dodgers on August 25th, sending pitcher Josh Beckett, outfielder Carl Crawford and first baseman Adrin Gonzlez, all on expensive, multiyear contracts, to the Dodgers.", "The 2012 Red Sox finished with their worst record since 1965, despite being stripped of veteran talent, as they went only 9–26 over the final 35 games of the season.", "The season ended on October 3.", "Cherington wanted to rebuild the team.", "He acquired Farrell's rights in an October 21 trade with the Toronto BlueJays.", "He signed seven key free agents, none of whom had to give up a draft pick.", "Cherington obtained a useful bench player, Mike Carp, in a preseason trade, despite the mid winter trade for relief pitcherJoel Hanrahan being ruined by Hanrahan's season-ending elbow injury in May.", "He engineered a three-team transaction that brought starting pitcher Jake Peavy to Boston.", "Farrell, the free agents, Carp and Peavy, as well as a return to health of core players such as David Ortiz, Jacoby Ellsbury and John Lackey, all contributed to Boston's surprisingly successful 2013 season.", "The club improved by 28 games, rising from last place in the American League East Division in to the division championship, 97 regular-season victories (tied for the most in Major League Baseball), and the 2013 World Series championship.", "Boston failed to re-sign free agents Ellsbury and Saltalamacchia.", "The RedSox fell back to last place in the American League East, losing 26 games from their previous year's standard with a 71–91) record, 25 games behind the division champion Baltimore Orioles.", "On July 31, with Boston out of the race, Cherington traded starting pitchers John Lackey and Jon Lester to other teams, then retooled the roster, adding high-ticket free agents and trading for Hanley Ramrez.", "After a promising 12–10 April start to their season, the Red Sox slumped to a 9–19 May record, scoring the fewest runs in the Major Leagues, and had a horrendous eight-game losing streak after the All-Star break.", "The others struggled with injuries and illness and performed poorly.", "On August 1, with the Red Sox mired in last place at 47–58, Lucchino announced his intention to retire as president/CEO at the end of the season.", "Dave Dombrowski, a veteran MLB executive, was named to the new position of president, baseball operations, by the Red Sox, to oversee Cherington and the on-field side of the Boston organization.", "Cherington declined the club's request that he remain as the team's general manager.", "By that time, only one of the free agents from the previous year remained on the roster.", "Cherington left behind a group of young players that could be a core of their 2016 team.", "Cherington acquired a lot of this core that contributed to the championship.", "Mike Hazen was named Cherington's successor five weeks later.", "Although Cherington's name was mentioned as a possible candidate for open general manager posts in MLB, he decided to join Columbia University's Sports Management faculty for the 2015–16 academic year to teach a course in \"leadership in sports.\"", "Cherington was hired by the Toronto Blue Jays to be their vice-president of baseball operations.", "Cherington was named the general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates.", "Cherington was named Major League Baseball Executive of the Year by The Sporting News.", "Tom Yawkey and Dick O'Connell were the other Red Sox executives to win the award.", "On April 6, 2012 Cherington married Tyler Tumminia in a ceremony at Brooklyn Borough Hall.", "Tumminia is the interim commissioner.", "Adwen Hudson andHarper Charles are the couple's daughters.", "He shares two daughters with Wendi, who was previously married to Cherington.", "There are people from New Hampshire who are alumni of the Boston Red Sox and the Cleveland Indians." ]

[ "Benjamin P", ". Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington" ]

[ "Benjamin P", ". Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington", "Cherington" ]

[ "Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis \"Katie\" Price (née Infield; born 22 May 1978) is an English media personality, model and businesswoman.", "She initially gained recognition in 1996 for her glamour modelling work with frequent appearances on Page 3 in the British tabloid The Sun, billed under the pseudonym Jordan.", "Price appeared on the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", "in 2004, and the following year, she was runner-up in the search for the UK's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest.", "In 2006, she released her debut studio album, A Whole New World, in collaboration with Peter Andre.", "Price has also starred in her own reality series, including Jordan (2002–2004), Katie & Peter (2004–2009), Katie (2009–2012), Signed by Katie Price (2011), and Katie Price: My Crazy Life (2017–present).", "She returned to the ninth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", "in 2009, and was the winner of the fifteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother in 2015.", "Price has also released six autobiographical books, eleven novels, and two series of children's books.", "Her Angel novel series topped The Sunday Times bestseller list.", "Early life\nBorn Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis Infield in Brighton, East Sussex, in southeast England, Price was the only child of Ray and Amy Infield (née Charlier).", "Her father left the family when she was four, and in 1988 her mother married builder Paul Price, after which she acquired his surname.", "She has an older half-brother named Daniel and a younger half-sister named Sophie.", "She is of Italian, Spanish, English and Jewish descent.", "Price's maternal grandmother was Jewish, but she is not religious.", "Price attended Blatchington Mill School in Hove in East Sussex.", "She excelled at sport, swimming for Sussex in regional competitions.", "During her childhood, she also developed a passion for horses and horse-riding.", "She began modelling as a child, and at 13 she modelled for a clothing line.", "At age 17, she changed her name to Katie Price.", "Career\n\nModelling \n\nAt a friend's suggestion, Price had professional photographs taken and decided to pursue a modelling career.", "The pictures were sent to a modelling agency in London, and in 1996 she appeared, billed as \"Jordan\", on Page 3 in the British newspaper The Sun.", "As Jordan, Price was famed for her surgically-enhanced breasts.", "At 20, she had the first in a succession of breast-enhancement surgeries, increasing her natural 32B to a 32FF.", "Price also regularly appeared in the Daily Star, FHM, the British edition of Playboy, Nuts, Maxim, Loaded, Vogue and Esquire and also ran as a candidate in Stretford and Urmston during the 2001 UK general election, receiving 713 votes, 1.8% of the votes cast.", "In 2002, she appeared on the September cover of the American edition of Playboy magazine.", "In January 2022 Price joined OnlyFans, but raised just £150 from one of her posts, despite pleading with followers to sign-up for the subscription service.", "Television \n\nPrice made cameo appearances as herself in the television dramas Dream Team and Footballers' Wives in 2004.", "She also appeared on Top Gear'''s \"Star in a Reasonably Priced Car\" in 2004, completing the lap in one minute and fifty-two seconds.", "Early in her career, Price appeared on The Big Breakfast, and she was a guest host on the first series of The Friday Night Project.", "In December 2005, she released an exercise fitness DVD, The Jordan Workout, featuring \"The Juice Master\" Jason Vale.", "Price was a contestant on the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, between the months of January and February in 2004.", "It was there that she met Peter Andre, whom she would eventually marry and later divorce.", "In 2007, with Andre, she hosted the short-lived late-night chat show Katie & Peter: Unleashed.", "In November 2009, Price made a return visit to I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!", "in its ninth series.", "Presenters Ant & Dec insinuated during the broadcast that the surprise of her return had been ruined by the media, and she left the show voluntarily after nine days.", "Price has also been the subject of many reality television series that chronicle her domestic life.", "This started with a trio of Channel 4 documentaries by film-maker Richard Macer: Jordan: The Truth About Me (2002), Jordan: The Model Mum and Jordan: You Don't Even Know Me (both 2004), and was followed Jordan Gets Even on Five in 2004.", "She later appeared in the documentary Jordan: Living With a Dream (Channel 4) and then launched the Katie & Peter franchise on ITV2, which documented the lives of Price and Andre and included several fly-on-the-wall reality series: When Jordan Met Peter, Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare and Jordan & Peter: Marriage and Mayhem between 2004 and 2005; Katie & Peter: The Next Chapter, Katie & Peter: The Baby Diaries and Katie & Peter: Unleashed in 2007; Katie & Peter: Down Under and Katie & Peter: African Adventures in 2008; and Katie & Peter: Stateside in 2009.", "The pair's separation in 2009 resulted in their individual shows being recorded: What Katie Did Next continued on ITV2 until 2011.", "Price was runner-up in the selection contest for a representative for the United Kingdom at the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest.", "In 2006 she released her debut studio album, A Whole New World, in collaboration with Peter Andre.", "Since 2006, Price has been an occasional panelist on the talk show Loose Women.", "Price danced with her then-boyfriend Leandro Penna on the Argentine television programme Bailando por un Sueño 2012, a spin-off of Strictly Come Dancing.", "In 2015, Price appeared on the fifteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother.", "She had been previously invited to appear on the show.", "On 6 February 2015, Price finished as the winner of the series.", "Price's 15 show An Audience with Katie Price toured the UK from September to December 2017.\nBusiness ventures\nPrice has launched a range of nutrition supplements, including meal replacement shakes, that are promoted with unsupported claims about their wholesomeness and benefit.", "The British Dietetic Association named Katie Price Nutritional Supplements as constituting one of the \"top 5 worst celeb diets to avoid in 2018\", noting they were expensive and unnecessary for anybody wanting to lose weight.", "In 2007 Price launched her first perfume, \"Stunning\".", "In 2008 she signed a deal with Derby House to launch her equestrian range of clothing named \"KP Equestrian\".", "In 2009 Price was named as the patron of a charity polo match played near Epping, Essex.", "Music\nPrice was runner-up in the selection contest for a representative for the United Kingdom at the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest.", "The selection process, named Making Your Mind Up, was broadcast live on television in March 2005.", "Price sang a song titled \"Not Just Anybody\".", "In July 2010, Price released \"Free to Love Again\", a non-album single.", "About the release, she explained: \"I'm not a singer, this is just something that I'm doing for fun.", "It's not like I'm worried about getting a chart position or number one, this is purely for fun.", "Whether people like it or not, I'm doing it.\"", "Books\nPrice was in the top 100 best-selling authors of the decade for book sales between 2000 and 2009, with nearly three million sales.", "Price's books were ghostwritten by Rebecca Farnworth.", "She released her first autobiography, Being Jordan, in May 2004.", "Price conducted a 10-day book-signing tour which helped to propel her to first position in the Nielsen BookScan hardback sales chart and to sell 97,090 copies in one year, and over 1,000,000 as of January 2007.", "Her second autobiography, A Whole New World, was published in January 2006.", "It reached number two in the hardback general category and sold 198,105 copies by 1 April 2006.", "Price's second novel, Crystal, about a young woman's efforts to become a singer, sold 159,407 copies during the first three months after its release in June 2007.", "In July 2008, Price released her third novel, Angel Uncovered.", "In July 2009, Price released a novel entitled Sapphire which was number 1 on the hardback fiction chart for four consecutive weeks and sold 42,215 copies in its first two weeks in the UK alone.", "Price released her fifth novel, Paradise, in July 2010.", "In 2014, she released her tenth novel, Make My Wish Come True.", "In 2006 Price signed a £300,000 advance with Random House for Katie Price's Perfect Ponies, a series of children's books, with the first six released in 2007.", "New books in the series have been released to a total of 12 as of 2017.", "Price's daughter Princess was signed by publishers for her own book deal at the age of nine in 2017.", "Price had a regular advice column in OK!", "magazine until 2009.", "In 2012, she obtained her own column in The Sun on Sunday.", "Politics and campaigning\nIn the 2001 UK general election, Price stood as an independent candidate in the Stretford and Urmston constituency.", "She gained 713 votes.", "The seat was won by Labour's Beverley Hughes with 23,836 votes.", "Following online abuse focused on her son Harvey, Price began a campaign to make online abuse a specific criminal offence.", "She took her campaign to Parliament in 2018.", "Helen Jones, chairman of the parliamentary Petitions Committee subsequently commented: \"The law on online abuse is not fit for purpose and it is truly shameful that disabled people have been forced off social media while their abusers face no consequences.", "There is no excuse for the continued failure to make online platforms as safe for disabled people as non-disabled people.", "Self-regulation has failed disabled people and the law must change to ensure more lives are not destroyed.\"", "and went on to make recommendations for legislation.", "The Government was expected to respond to the recommendations by the end of March 2019.", "Personal life \n Relationships and children \n\nPrice gave birth to her first child, son Harvey, in Brighton in May 2002.", "Harvey's father is retired footballer Dwight Yorke.", "Harvey was found to be blind, with septo-optic dysplasia, which makes optic nerve development unpredictable.", "He has additionally been diagnosed on the autistic spectrum and to have Prader-Willi syndrome.", "Price and Peter Andre began a relationship after appearing on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", "and they married in September 2005 at Highclere Castle, Hampshire.", "In June 2005, Price gave birth by Caesarean section to her second son, Junior Savva Andreas.", "In June 2007, she gave birth to her third child, daughter Princess Tiaamii Crystal Esther.", "In April 2009, Price suffered a miscarriage when 10 weeks into pregnancy.", "In May 2009, they announced that they were separating and divorced in September 2009.", "In July 2009, Price began dating MMA fighter and actor Alex Reid.", "They married on 2 February 2010 in a private ceremony at the chapel in the Wynn Hotel in Las Vegas.", "They later also formally had their union blessed in a church in the UK; the ceremony was filmed for a TV series.", "In January 2011, Reid and Price separated and their divorce was finalised in March 2012.", "On 16 January 2013 Price married her third husband Kieran Hayler at the Sandals Royal Bahamian Resort and Spa in the Bahamas, after Hayler proposed on Christmas Day 2012.", "The couple had a wedding blessing in Weston-super-Mare in March 2013.", "In August 2013 Price gave birth to her third son, Jett Riviera Hayler.", "On 4 August 2014 she gave birth to a second daughter, Bunny Hayler, two weeks prematurely.", "In May 2014 Price accused Hayler of having an extramarital affair and announced she was beginning divorce proceedings.", "They reconciled on the condition that Hayler attend therapy for sex addiction and renewed their wedding vows at Long Furlong Wedding Barn, near Worthing, West Sussex in February 2015.", "In July 2017 the couple renewed their wedding vows for the second time in the Maldives.", "In October 2017, in Barbados, Price and Hayler renewed their wedding vows for the third time.", "In May 2018 Price announced she was starting divorce proceedings over an extramarital affair.", "In July 2019, Price announced she was engaged to Kris Boyson; the couple split up a month later.", "Surgery \nIn 2002, Price was treated for a leiomyosarcoma on her finger.", "The cancerous tumour was removed at a Nuffield Hospital near her Brighton home.", "In December 2007, Price underwent surgery in the United States to reduce the size of her breast implants and also had rhinoplasty.", "However, she was unhappy with the results of her breast implants, so she returned to Beverly Hills, California in July 2008 for corrective surgery.", "She returned to the United Kingdom with much smaller size 32C breasts.", "In 2019, Price said she \"got a new pair of boobs\" with an implant size of 750CC but that she did not know what bra size she was.", "After trying on bras, she confirmed her bra size as 34E.", "Criminal record - driving \nIn June 2008, Price was convicted of driving while using a mobile phone in April 2008; she received three points on her driving licence.", "In July 2010, Price was convicted and fined £250 for speeding after her claim that she was being hounded by paparazzi was rejected by magistrates.", "In September 2010, Price was convicted for failing to be in proper control of a vehicle, and in December 2010, she was banned from driving for six months by Crawley Magistrates court after speeding in Pyecombe, West Sussex the prior year.", "In April 2012 Price won an appeal against a conviction for two counts of failing to give information regarding a driver’s identity regarding speeding tickets issued to her relating to offences in London in 2011.", "Price argued she had not seen the tickets as she did not open her own post.In July 2015 Price was convicted of failing to stop at a red light at Buck Barn in West Sussex.", "Price was given three points and in fined £700, costs of £450 and a victim surcharge of £70.", "In February 2018 Price was banned from driving for six months under totting up of points on her licence.", "In July 2018 Price reported herself to the police for driving while disqualified.", "In January 2019, Price faced a three-month ban on driving after breaching the conditions of a previous ban, and the following month, the ban was extended an additional three months after her blood alcohol level tested near twice the legal limit.", "Price had been found by police in the backseat of a vehicle in August 2018 after it had crashed, but charges of being drunk in charge of a vehicle were dropped due to a lack of evidence.", "In October 2019, Price was convicted of failing to provide details of the driver of the vehicle involved and was banned from driving for two years, which was later reduced to 18 months.", "In September 2021, Price was taken to hospital after a car crash near Partridge Green, which is located close to her home in Horsham.", "No other vehicle was involved.", "Later that month, Price pleaded guilty to driving drunk without insurance and while disqualified.", "In December, she was given a 16-week suspended sentence, with a condition of unpaid work, and a two-year driving ban.", "The District Judge commented that Price had one of the worst driving records she had seen.", "Rape claim, assault charges and abuse conviction \nIn October 2003 charges against Price, for an alleged assault in a nightclub, were dropped when police failed to arrest her within the statutory time limit of 12 weeks.", "In September 2009 Price claimed that she had previously been raped by a \"famous celebrity\", but had not reported the incident.", "Price said that she would \"absolutely never\" reveal who the attacker was.", "Surrey Police stated that they had not contacted Price: \"No allegation of rape has been made and Miss Price will not be making a statement to police\".", "In June 2019 Price was fined after shouting abuse at a woman in a school playground, in Shipley, West Sussex.", "Price was issued with a five-year restraining order against her which banned her from making any contact with the woman.", "Price was additionally ordered to pay £606 in fines and court costs.", "Nanny, personal debt, bankruptcy and housing\nIn 2006, Joanne Hillman, a nanny employed by Price, was charged with benefit fraud.", "Hillman was initially tried in 2007 and Price was subsequently summoned to give evidence.", "As a result of media reporting, the trial collapsed.", "Hillman was retried in 2008 but no evidence was offered and Hillman was acquitted.", "In December 2019, Price was declared bankrupt.", "Her debts were listed as totalling more than £3.5 million – £2 million being owed in legal fees and £1 million relating to a working farm.", "In August 2018, Price had a bankruptcy hearing at the High Court hearing which was adjourned to give her three months to pay off her debts through an Individual Voluntary Arrangement.", "Also in June 2019 Horsham District council began enforcement action against Price for demolition and construction works undertaken at her property.", "The enforcement action concluded in October 2019 when Price was given 30 days to remove the new construction and restore the demolished structures.", "Drug use \nIn an interview in February 2019, Price admitted having used cocaine for approximately six months as a result of stress in 2018, and said that she had voluntarily entered treatment for addiction at The Priory hospital.", "Filmography \n Television \n\n Guest appearances \n\n Shooting Stars (2002) – 2 episodes\nDream Team (2003) – 1 episodeBo' Selecta!", "(British TV series) participants\n21st-century English novelists\nEnglish children's writers" ]

[ "An English media personality, model and businesswoman is named \"Katie\" Price.", "In 1996 she gained recognition for her glamour modelling work with frequent appearances on Page 3 in the British tabloid The Sun.", "Price was on the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", "In 2004, she was runner-up in the search for the UK's entry to the song contest.", "A Whole New World was her debut studio album.", "In addition, Price has starred in her own reality series, including Jordan (2002– 2004), Jordan & Peter (2004–2009), Signed by Katie Price (2001), and My Crazy Life (2017–present).", "She was back in the ninth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", "The winner of the fifteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother was in 2015.", "Six autobiographical books, eleven novels, and two series of children's books have been released by Price.", "The Sunday Times bestseller list had her Angel novel series at the top.", "Price was the only child of Ray and Amy Infield.", "When she was four, her father left the family and her mother married a builder named Paul Price.", "She has two half-brothers and a half-sister.", "She is of Italian, Spanish, English and Jewish descent.", "Price's maternal grandmother is not religious.", "Price was a student at Blatchington Mill School.", "She excelled at swimming in regional competition.", "She grew up with a passion for horses and horse-riding.", "At 13 she was modelling for a clothing line.", "She changed her name at a young age.", "Price had professional photographs taken and decided to pursue a modelling career.", "She appeared on Page 3 of The Sun in 1996 as \"Jordan\", after the pictures were sent to a modelling agency in London.", "As Jordan, Price was known for her breasts.", "She had her first breast-enhancement surgery at the age of 20.", "During the 2001 UK general election, Price ran as a candidate in Stretford and Urmston and received 713 votes, 1.8% of the votes.", "She was on the cover of Playboy magazine in 2002.", "Despite pleading with her followers to sign up for the subscription service, Price only raised £150 from one of her posts.", "Television Price appeared in two television dramas in 2004.", "She did a lap in one minute and fifty-two seconds on \"Star in a Reasonably Priced Car\" in 2004.", "She was a guest host on the first series of The Friday Night Project and appeared on The Big Breakfast.", "She released an exercise fitness DVD, The Jordan Workout, in December 2005.", "Between January and February 2004, Price was a contestant on the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", "It was there that she met Peter.", "She hosted a late-night show with Peter in 2007.", "Price returned to I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! in November of 2009.", "It is the ninth series.", "The surprise of her return had been ruined by the media, and she left the show after nine days.", "She has been the subject of many reality television series.", "The first three films were made by Richard Macer: Jordan: The Truth About Me, Jordan: The Model Mum and Jordan: You Don't Even Know Me.", "She later appeared in the documentary Jordan: Living With a Dream and then launched the franchise on ITV2, which documented the lives of Price and Peter and included several fly-on-the-wall reality series: When Jordan Met Peter, Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare and.", "The shows were recorded after the pair's separation in 2009.", "Price was runner-up in the United Kingdom's selection contest for the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest.", "A Whole New World was her debut studio album.", "Price has been a panelist on the show.", "A spin-off of Strictly Come Dancing featured Price and Penna.", "Price appeared on Celebrity Big Brother in 2015.", "She was previously invited to appear on the show.", "Price won the series on February 6, 2015.", "A range of nutrition supplements, including meal replacement shakes, that are promoted with unsupported claims about their wholesomeness and benefit have been launched by Price.", "According to the British Dietetic Association, one of the \"top 5 worst celeb diet to avoid in 2018).\" is theKatie PriceNutritionalSupplements, noting they were expensive and unnecessary for anyone wanting to lose weight.", "\"Stunning\" was Price's first perfume.", "She signed a deal with Derby House to launch her equestrian range of clothing.", "In 2009, Price was named as the patron of a charity polo match.", "Music Price was runner-up in the selection contest for a representative for the United Kingdom at the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest.", "Making Your Mind Up was broadcast live on television in March 2005.", "Anybody sang a song by Price.", "\"Free to Love Again\" was released by Price in July of 2010.", "She said that she's not a singer and that she's doing it for fun.", "I'm not worried about getting a chart position or number one, I'm just having fun.", "I'm doing it regardless of whether people like it or not.", "Between 2000 and 2009, Books Price sold nearly three million books, ranking them in the top 100 best-selling authors of the decade.", "Rebecca Farnworth ghostwritten Price's books.", "Being Jordan was her first book.", "Price sold 97,090 copies of her book in one year and over one million copies as of January 2007, thanks to a 10-day book-signing tour.", "A Whole New World was published in January 2006", "It sold more than 200,000 copies by the 1 April 2006 date.", "In the first three months after its release in June 2007, Price's second novel, Crystal, sold 159,407 copies.", "Price's third novel, Angel Uncovered, was released in July of 2008.", "In July of 2009, Price released a novel entitled \"Sapphire\" which was number 1 on the hardback fiction chart for four weeks in a row and sold over 42,000 copies in the UK alone.", "Price's fifth novel, Paradise, was released in July of 2010.", "Make My Wish Come True was her tenth novel.", "The first six books in the Perfect Ponies series were released in 2007, after Price signed a £300,000 advance with Random House.", "There have been a total of 12 new books in the series.", "Princess was signed by publishers at the age of nine.", "Price had an advice column.", "Magazine until 2009.", "She wrote her own column in The Sun on Sunday.", "Price was an independent candidate in the 2001 UK general election.", "She received 713 votes.", "The seat was won by Labour's Beverley Hughes.", "Price started a campaign to make online abuse a criminal offence.", "She took her campaign to Parliament.", "Helen Jones commented that the law on online abuse is not fit for purpose and that disabled people have been forced off social media while their abusers face no consequences.", "There is no excuse for the failure to make online platforms safe for disabled people.", "The law needs to be changed to make sure more lives are not destroyed.", "Recommendations were made for legislation.", "The recommendations were supposed to be responded to by the end of March.", "In May 2002, Price gave birth to her first child, son Harvey.", "Harvey's dad is a retired footballer.", "The cause of Harvey's blindness was found to be septo-optic dysplasia.", "He has also been diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome.", "After appearing on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, Price and Pete began a relationship.", "They wed in September 2005 at Highclere Castle.", "Junior Savva Andreas was born in June 2005, by Caesarean section.", "In June 2007, she gave birth to her third child.", "Price lost a baby when she was 10 weeks into the baby's life.", "They separated and divorced in September 2009.", "In July 2009, Price began dating an actor.", "They were married in a private ceremony at the Wynn Hotel in Las Vegas.", "The blessing of their union was filmed for a TV series.", "Their divorce was finalized in March of 2012 after they separated in 2011.", "After Hayler proposed to Price on Christmas Day 2012 she married him at the Sandals Royal Bahamian Resort and Spa.", "The couple had a wedding blessing.", "Jett Riviera Hayler was Price's third son.", "She gave birth to Bunny Hayler two weeks premature.", "Price accused Hayler of having an extramarital affair in May of last year.", "They reconciled on the condition that Hayler attend therapy for sex addiction and renewed their wedding vows at a wedding barn.", "The couple renewed their vows in July of last year.", "Price and Hayler renewed their wedding vows for the third time.", "Price announced in May of last year that she was divorcing her husband.", "The couple split up a month after Price announced she was engaged to Kris Boyson.", "Price was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "The cancer was removed from her body at a hospital.", "In December 2007, Price had surgery in the US to reduce the size of her breast implants.", "She returned to Beverly Hills, California in July 2008 because she was unhappy with the results of her breast implants.", "She returned to the United Kingdom with smaller breasts.", "She didn't know what bra size she was after getting a new pair of boobs with an implant size of 750CC.", "She confirmed her bra size after trying on bras.", "In June 2008, Price was convicted of driving while using a mobile phone and received three points on her licence.", "Price was convicted and fined for speeding in July of 2010 after she claimed that she was being hounded by the media.", "In December 2010, Price was banned from driving for six months after she was convicted of failing to control a vehicle and speeding in West Sussex.", "In April 2012 Price won an appeal against a conviction for two counts of failing to give information regarding a driver's identity regarding speeding tickets issued to her.", "In July of 2015, Price was found guilty of failing to stop at a red light at Buck Barn.", "The price was fined and had costs and a victim surcharge.", "In February of last year Price was banned from driving for six months for having too many points on her licence.", "In July of last year, Price reported herself to the police.", "Price was banned from driving for three months after breaching the conditions of her previous ban, but the ban was extended for three months after her blood alcohol level was found to be twice the legal limit.", "The charges of being drunk in charge of a vehicle were dropped due to a lack of evidence after Price was found in the backseat of a crashed vehicle.", "Price was banned from driving for 18 months after he was convicted of failing to provide details of the driver of the vehicle involved.", "Price was taken to the hospital after a car crash in September of 2021.", "There was no other vehicle involved.", "Price pleaded guilty to driving drunk without insurance.", "She was given a 16-week suspended sentence and a two-year driving ban in December.", "The District Judge said that Price had one of the worst driving records she had seen.", "In October 2003 charges against Price for an alleged assault in a nightclub were dropped when police failed to arrest her within the statutory time limit.", "In September of 2009, Price claimed that she had been raped by a famous celebrity.", "Price wouldn't reveal who the attacker was.", "No allegation of rape has been made and Miss Price will not be making a statement to police.", "Price was fined for shouting abuse at a woman in a school playground.", "Price was banned from making contact with the woman for five years after she was issued a restraining order against her.", "The price was ordered to pay court costs and fines.", "In 2006 a nanny employed by Price was charged with benefit fraud.", "Price was summoned to give evidence after Hillman was initially tried.", "The trial collapsed because of media reporting.", "In 2008 there was no evidence offered that would have led to a conviction.", "Price was declared bankrupt in December.", "She had debts of more than three million dollars, of which more than two million dollars were owed in legal fees and more than one million dollars were related to a working farm.", "At the High Court hearing in August of last year, Price was given three months to pay off her debts through an Individual Voluntary Arrangement.", "In June of this year, the Horsham District council began enforcement action against Price.", "When Price was given 30 days to remove the new construction and restore the demolished structures, the enforcement action was over.", "Price admitted in an interview in February that she had used cocaine for six months due to stress, and that she had entered treatment for addiction at The Priory hospital.", "The filmography television guest appearances were Shooting Stars and Dream Team.", "The participants are 21st century English novelists and children's writers." ]

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[ "Katie", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Katie Price", "Price", "Price", "Paul Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Music Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Miss Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price", "Price" ]

[ "William Gutiérrez-Levy (born August 29, 1980) is a Cuban-American actor and former model.", "Early life and education \nLevy was born in Cojimar, Cuba.", "His maternal grandfather was Jewish (the origin of his surname, Levy), although he grew up in a non-religious household.", "He was raised by his single mother, Barbara Levy.", "His family, including his brother Jonathan Gutierrez Levy and sister Barbara Gutierrez Levy, immigrated to Miami, Florida when he was 14.", "He attended Barbara Goleman Senior high school, located in the suburb of Miami Lakes.", "After attending high school, he studied business administration on a baseball scholarship at St. Thomas University for two years.", "He later went to Los Angeles to study acting, and continued his acting studies in Miami and Mexico City.", "Career \nLevy worked as a model for the Next Models agency, and was featured in two reality shows broadcast by Telemundo: Isla de la Tentación and Protagonistas de Novela 2.", "In 2005 he performed at the Centro de Bellas Artes in San Juan, Puerto Rico, starring in the play La Nena Tiene Tumbao.", "His debut on the Spanish-language channel Univision was in the Venevision International production of Olvidarte Jamás.", "He later appeared in Mi Vida Eres Tu and Acorralada.", "In 2008, he appeared in his first film, Retazos de Vida, directed by Viviana Cordero.", "He was invited by television producer Carla Estrada to star in Pasión, his breakthrough in Mexican telenovelas.", "Televisa cast him as the lead in Cuidado con el Angel with actress and ex-RBD singer Maite Perroni.", "The show was first broadcast in Mexico in June 2008, and began airing in the United States in September 2008 on Univision.", "It averaged 5 million viewers per evening.", "Levy starred alongside Jacqueline Bracamontes on Sortilegio in 2009 Sortilegio aired on Univision, and the finale drew 6.6 million viewers, beating ABC and CBS for viewers in that time slot.", "In November 2009, the actor lent his voice to the Spanish version of the animated movie Planet 51.", "The movie opened on November 27 in Mexico and won an award for best animated Spanish-language film of 2009 (Premios Goya).", "From November 2009 to February 2010, Levy toured several Mexican cities with the play Un Amante a la Medida, which toured in the United States in June 2010.", "Levy participated in the Mexican telenovela Triunfo del Amor, a remake of the Venezuelan classic Cristal, again with Maite Perroni.", "The telenovela aired on October 25, 2010, in El Canal de las Estrellas.", "Pedro Torres, executive producer of Mujeres Asesinas, confirmed Levy's role in the third season of the popular Mexican series.", "Levy starred as Jennifer Lopez's love interest in the music video \"I'm Into You\", from her album Love?.", "It aired on NBC's Today on May 2, 2011.", "Levy appeared on the cover of People en Español for its special issue on the sexiest men of the year for 2011.", "In January 2012, it was announced that Levy would appear in two episodes of the VH1 television series Single Ladies, with Denise Vasi.", "He was a participant in the 14th season of Dancing with the Stars, with two-time mirror ball champion Cheryl Burke as his dance-pro partner; they finished in third place.", "In December 2012 Levy was cast as Captain Damian Fabre for the remake of La Tormenta titled La Tempestad which aired in 2013.", "Levy starred in Addicted an erotic drama based on the novel of the same name by Zane.", "Variety named Levy one of the Top 10 Latino Actors and Actresses in Hollywood.", "Levy co-starred in Tyler Perry's film The Single Moms Club (2014).", "Levy was cast in the lead role as Warrior in the Brent Ryan Green film The Veil (2017).", "In 2018, he began his role as Mateo Ferrera in the Fox musical drama series Star.", "Personal life\nLevy is a naturalized United States citizen.", "He has been in an on-off relationship with Mexican-American actress Elizabeth Gutiérrez since 2003, and they have two children together, a son, Christopher Alexander, in 2006, and a daughter, Kailey Alexandra, on March 6, 2010.", "On July 11, 2009, Levy converted to Catholicism.", "Name change\nHe was born as William Gutiérrez Levy.", "He got the idea for his name change from a friend of his parents who tried helping the family get out of Cuba while William's mother was still pregnant, as he told Entertainment Tonight.", "Levy is his mother's Jewish last name.", "Nude photos\nIn May 2012, while competing on Dancing with the Stars, nude photos of Levy leaked.", "Levy responded by saying \"I'm used to that already.", "[The photos] have been out already all over the world.", "I was a model when I did these things, so as a model there's nothing wrong [with] doing those kind[s] of things.", "You gotta work.", "You gotta make money\".", "Activism\nLevy is a philanthropist and donates his time to fix houses for low-income families in Mexico as part of the \"Alianzas que Construyen\" Televisa Foundation.", "Dancing with the Stars performances \nLevy was announced to be a contestant on ABC's Dancing With The Stars partnering with two-time champion Cheryl Burke for season 14.", "Filmography\n\nTheater \n Un amante a la medida (2009–10)\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nPremios Bravo\n\nPremios Juventud\n\nPremios TVyNovelas\n\nCalifa de oro\n\nPremios Casandra\n\nPeople en Español\n\nLists \n 2011: He appeared in People en Españols list of the 50 handsomest men.", "2009: People en Español named him as one of \"Los 25 hombres más guapos\".", "2009: People en Español named him as one of \"Los 50 más bellos\".", "2008: Quién named him as one of \"Los 12 hombres más sexys\".", "2008: People en Español named him as one of \"Los 50 más bellos\".", "2006: People en Español named him as one of \"Los 20 solteros más sexys\".", "References\n\nExternal links \n \n \n\n1980 births\n21st-century American male actors\nAmerican male film actors\nHispanic and Latino American male models\nAmerican male stage actors\nAmerican male telenovela actors\nAmerican male voice actors\nAmerican Roman Catholics\nConverts to Roman Catholicism\nCuban emigrants to the United States\nPeople with acquired American citizenship\nCuban male stage actors\nCuban male telenovela actors\nCuban male voice actors\nCuban Roman Catholics\nCuban people of Spanish-Jewish descent\nHispanic and Latino American male actors\nLiving people\nMale actors from Miami\nParticipants in American reality television series" ]

[ "William Gutiérrez-Levy is a Cuban-American actor and former model.", "Levy was born in Cuba.", "He was raised in a non- religious household and his maternal grandfather was Jewish.", "Barbara Levy was his mother.", "His family moved to Miami, Florida when he was 14.", "Barbara Goleman Senior high school is located in the suburb of Miami Lakes.", "He studied business administration at St. Thomas University after graduating high school.", "He continued his acting studies in Miami and Mexico City after going to Los Angeles to study acting.", "Career Levy was a model for the Next Models agency and was featured in two reality shows.", "He starred in the play La Nena Tiene Tumbao in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 2005.", "Olvidarte Jams was his debut on the Spanish-language channel.", "He appeared in Acorralada and Mi Vida Eres Tu.", "He appeared in the first film of his career.", "He was invited to star in a Mexican telenovela.", "He was cast as the lead in Cuidado con el Angel by Televisa.", "The show was broadcast in Mexico in June of 2008 and in the United States in September of 2008.", "It had an average of 5 million viewers per evening.", "The finale of Sortilegio drew over 6 million viewers, beating ABC and CBS for viewers in that time slot.", "The actor lent his voice to the Spanish version of Planet 51.", "The movie opened in Mexico on November 27 and won an award for best animated Spanish-language film.", "Levy toured several Mexican cities with the play Un Amante a la Medida, which was performed in the United States in June 2010.", "Levy and Maite Perroni starred in the Mexican telenovela Triunfo del Amor.", "The telenovela aired on October 25, 2010.", "Levy will be in the third season of the popular Mexican series.", "Levy played a love interest in the music video for \"I'm Into You\".", "It aired on NBC's Today on May 2, 2011.", "Levy was on the cover of People en Espaol's special issue on the Sexiest Men of the Year for 2011.", "In January of 2012 it was announced that Levy would appear in two episodes of Single Ladies.", "He and Cheryl Burke finished in third place in the 14th season of Dancing with the Stars.", "In December 2012 Levy was cast as Captain Damian Fabre in the remake of La Tormenta.", "Levy starred in an erotic drama based on a novel.", "Levy was named one of the top Latino actors in Hollywood.", "The Single Moms Club was written and directed by Tyler Perry.", "Levy was cast in the lead role in The Veil.", "He played a role in the Fox musical drama series Star.", "Levy is a naturalized United States citizen.", "He has been in an on-off relationship with Elizabeth Gutiérrez since 2003 and they have two children together, a son and a daughter.", "Levy converted to Catholicism on July 11, 2009.", "He changed his name to William Gutiérrez Levy.", "He told Entertainment Tonight that he got the idea for his name change from a friend of his parents who tried to get the family out of Cuba while William's mother was still pregnant.", "His mother's last name is Levy.", "nude photos of Levy were leaked while he was competing on Dancing with the Stars.", "Levy said \"I'm used to that already.\"", "The photos have been seen all over the world.", "As a model, there's nothing wrong with doing those kinds of things.", "You have to work.", "You have to make money.", "Levy donates his time to fix houses for low-income families in Mexico as part of the Televisa Foundation.", "Levy will be a contestant on ABC's Dancing With The Stars with two-time champion Cheryl Burke.", "He appeared in the People en Espaol list.", "The people of Espaol named him one of the 25 hombres.", "He was named one of the \"Los 50 ms bellos\" in 2009.", "He was one of the \"Los 12 hombres ms sexys\".", "He was named one of the \"Los 50 ms bellos\" in 2008.", "He was one of the \"Los 20 solteros ms sexys\".", "There are links to 1980 births, 21st-century American male actors, American male film actors, Hispanic and Latino male models, American male stage actors, American male voice actors, American Roman Catholics, and Cuban male stage actors." ]

[ "William Gutiérrez Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Barbara Levy", "Jonathan Gutierrez Levy", "Barbara Gutierrez Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "William Gutiérrez", "Levy", "William", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy" ]

[ "William Gutiérrez Levy", "Levy", "Barbara Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "William Gutiérrez", "Levy", "William", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy", "Levy" ]

[ "James Allen \"Jim\" Nussle (born June 27, 1960) is an American businessman and retired politician who has been president and chief executive officer of the Credit Union National Association since 2014.", "A former member of the Republican Party, Nussle served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2007, was the Republican nominee for the 2006 Iowa gubernatorial election, losing to Democrat Chet Culver, before his appointment as Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in 2007 by President George W. Bush, an office he retained until 2009.", "On January 6, 2021, Nussle announced he was no longer a member of the Republican Party following the attempted insurrection of the U.S. Capitol.", "Early life and career\nNussle was born in Des Moines, Iowa.", "After high school, Nussle studied in Denmark.", "He then received a B.A.", "in international studies, political science, and economics from Luther College in 1983, and a J.D.", "degree from Drake University in Des Moines in 1985.", "After graduation from Drake University law school, Nussle was elected as the Delaware County, Iowa attorney in Manchester.", "Political career\n\nCongressional career\nIn 1990, then 2nd congressional district representative, Tom Tauke, ran against Senator Tom Harkin.", "Nussle ran as the Republican candidate for Tauke's House seat against Eric Tabor and won.", "In 1992, as a result of redistricting, Nussle's district was merged with the 3rd congressional district of Democrat David R. Nagle.", "Nussle defeated Nagle and won reelection.", "Nussle's first exposure to national attention came when he made a speech from the well of the House while wearing a paper bag over his head to protest the \"shameful\" ethical behavior involved in the House banking scandal.", "He became Chairman of the House Budget Committee in 2001, the first Iowan to serve as chair of the committee.", "His position brought national and international interest to his district, including the ONE Campaign, the lobbying group formed by Bono of the rock band U2.", "The group has targeted Nussle's district with billboard and radio ads.", "On March 23, 2006 they placed a statement in Nussle's article on English Wikipedia, regarding poverty in Africa and Nussle's budget influence, hoping to influence Nussle.", "The statement was quickly removed by editors as it violated English Wikipedia policies on maintaining a neutral point of view.", "On March 24, 2006, The Des Moines Register contained a story about this revision in which ONE confirmed that they had placed the statement.", "Nussle's voting record was relatively conservative, despite representing a district with a slight Democratic lean.", "He had a lifetime rating of 85 from the American Conservative Union.", "His district has voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election since 1988.", "Typical conservative positions Nussle embraced are supporting restrictions on abortion and supporting President Bush's tax cuts.", "His district was renumbered as the 1st District as a result of the 2000s (decade) round of redistricting, and became even more Democratic with the addition of much of Iowa's share of the Quad Cities.", "However, Nussle was reelected handily in 2002 and 2004.", "2006 gubernatorial bid\n\nWhen Iowa Governor Tom Vilsack announced that he would not seek a third term in 2006, a number of people from both parties began exploring running for the governorship.", "That included Nussle, who began considering a run shortly after Vilsack made his announcement.", "On June 2, 2005, Nussle announced he would run for the position.", "His only serious primary challenger, Bob Vander Plaats, withdrew from the race to endorse Nussle and become his running mate.", "On February 21, 2006, the Iowa Democratic Party filed an ethics complaint against Nussle for not reporting any in-kind donations from the federal \"Nussle for Congress Committee\".", "On July 12, 2006, the Iowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure Board unanimously voted to close the investigation with a finding of no probable cause to believe that a violation of a statute or rule under the board's jurisdiction occurred.", "On June 6, 2006, Nussle won the Republican primary, but lost the general election to Iowa Secretary of State Chet Culver on November 7 by a wide margin.", "After the defeat, he first started his own consulting business.", "In 2007, he was nominated to become Director of the Office of Management and Budget by President Bush.", "Three Republicans and four Democrats announced their intentions to seek the House seat Nussle was vacating in January, 2007.", "The primaries pared the candidates down to Democrat Bruce Braley and Republican Mike Whalen.", "Braley won Nussle's former seat.", "OMB Director\n\nNussle was nominated by George W. Bush to replace Rob Portman as OMB Director.", "He was sworn in on September 10, 2007.", "A March 9, 2005 quote of Nussle's was included in the 2006 World Almanac and Book of Factss list of notable quotes in 2005 (p. 39): \"Everyone wants to get to heaven, but no one wants to die.\"", "According to the almanac, the quote refers to opposition to his proposed budget, which included cuts to several earmarks and programs; the statement was made during Nussle's tenure as House Budget Committee Chairman.", "Post-political career\nAfter leaving the Bush Administration in January 2009, Nussle founded The Nussle Group, a media and strategic consulting firm.", "In November 2010, Nussle became president and COO of Growth Energy.", "In September 2014, it was announced that he would become the president and chief executive officer of the Credit Union National Association, a trade group for credit unions.", "Election history\n\n For the United States House of Representatives 1990: defeated Eric Tabor 50% to 49.8%\n 1992: defeated David R. Nagle 51% to 49%\n 1994: defeated David R. Nagle 56% to 43%\n 1996: defeated Donna Smith 51% to 48%\n 1998: defeated Rob Tully 55% to 44%\n 2000: defeated Donna Smith 55% to 44%\n 2002: defeated Ann Hutchinson 57% to 43%\n 2004: defeated Bill Gluba 55% to 44%\n\n For Governor of Iowa'\n 2006: lost to Chet Culver 44% to 53%\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n The Nussle Group\n 2004 profile of Nussle in US News and World Reports\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n1960 births\n21st-century American politicians\nAmerican Lutherans\nAmerican people of Danish descent\nDirectors of the Office of Management and Budget\nDrake University alumni\nGeorge W. Bush administration cabinet members\nIowa Republicans\nLiving people\nLuther College (Iowa) alumni\nMembers of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa\nPeople from Manchester, Iowa\nRepublican Party members of the United States House of Representatives" ]

[ "James Allen \"Jim\" Nussle is an American businessman and retired politician who is the president and chief executive officer of the Credit Union National Association.", "A former member of the Republican Party, Nussle served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2007, was the Republican nominee for the 2006 Iowa gubernatorial election, and then was appointed Director of the Office of Management and Budget.", "Nussle was no longer a member of the Republican Party after the attempted insurrection of the U.S. Capitol.", "Nussle was born in Iowa.", "After high school, Nussle went to college.", "He received a degree.", "Luther College had a J.D. in international studies, political science, and economics.", "Degree from Drake University in 1985.", "Nussle was elected as the Delaware County, Iowa attorney after graduating from Drake University law school.", "In 1990 Tom Tauke ran against Tom Harkin in the 2nd congressional district.", "Nussle was the Republican candidate for Tauke's House seat.", "The 3rd congressional district of David R. Nagle was merged with Nussle's district in 1992.", "Nussle won reelection.", "Nussle's first exposure to national attention came when he made a speech from the well of the House while wearing a paper bag over his head to protest the \"shameful\" ethical behavior involved in the House banking scandal.", "He was the first Iowan to chair the committee.", "The ONE Campaign, a lobbying group formed by Bono of the rock band U2, was one of the things that brought national and international interest to his district.", "Nussle's district has been targeted with billboard and radio ads.", "On March 23, 2006 they placed a statement in Nussle's article on English Wikipedia about poverty in Africa and Nussle's budget influence.", "The statement was quickly removed because it was in violation of English Wikipedia policies on maintaining a neutral point of view.", "One confirmed that they had placed the statement in a story about this revision in The Des Moines Register.", "Despite representing a district with a slight Democratic leaning, Nussle's voting record was relatively conservative.", "The American Conservative Union gave him a lifetime rating of 85.", "Since 1988, his district has voted for the Democratic presidential candidate.", "Nussle supports restrictions on abortion and President Bush's tax cuts.", "His district was renumbered as the 1st District as a result of the 2000s round of redistricting, and became even more Democratic with the addition of much of Iowa's share of the Quad Cities.", "Nussle was reelected in 2002 and 2004.", "When Iowa Governor Tom Vilsack decided not to seek a third term in 2006 a number of people from both parties were interested in running.", "Shortly after Vilsack made his announcement, Nussle began considering a run.", "On June 2, 2005, Nussle said he would run.", "Bob Vander Plaats withdrew from the race to endorse Nussle and become his running mate.", "The Iowa Democratic Party filed an ethics complaint against Nussle for not reporting in-kind donations from the federal \"Nussle for Congress Committee\".", "The Iowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure Board voted to close the investigation with no probable cause to believe that a violation of a statute or rule occurred.", "Nussle lost the general election to the Iowa Secretary of State by a wide margin after winning the Republican primary.", "He started his own business after the defeat.", "President Bush nominated him to be the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.", "Nussle was vacating his seat in the House in January of 2007.", "The candidates were narrowed down to Democrat Bruce Braley and Republican Mike Whalen.", "Nussle's seat was won by Braley.", "OMB Director Nussle was nominated by George W. Bush.", "On September 10, 2007, he was sworn in.", "A March 9, 2005 quote of Nussle's was included in the 2006 World Almanac and Book of Facts list of notable quotes.", "During Nussle's tenure as House Budget Committee Chairman, the quote refers to the opposition to his proposed budget, which included cuts to several programs.", "After leaving the Bush Administration in January 2009, Nussle founded The Nussle Group, a media and strategic consulting firm.", "Nussle became the president and COO of Growth Energy.", "He became the president and chief executive officer of the Credit Union National Association in September of 2014).", "In 1990 the United States House of Representatives defeated Eric Tabor 50% to 49.8%." ]

[ "Jim", "Nussle", "Nussle", "Nussle", "Nussle" ]

[ "Jim", "Nussle", "Nussle", "Nussle", "Nussle", "Nussle" ]

[ "Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev (, also transliterated as Sergei Krikalyov; born 27 August 1958) is a Soviet and Russian mechanical engineer and former cosmonaut.", "As a prominent rocket scientist, he is a veteran of six space flights and ranks third to Gennady Padalka and Yuri Malenchenko for the amount of time in space: a total of 803 days, 9 hours, and 39 minutes.", "Krikalev was stranded on board the Mir during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.", "As the country that had sent him into space no longer existed, his return was delayed and he stayed in space for 311 consecutive days, twice as long as the mission had originally called for.", "He retired from spaceflight in 2007 and was working as vice president of Space Corporation Energia.", "Biography\nKrikalev was born in Leningrad in the Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia).", "He enjoyed swimming, skiing, cycling, aerobatic flying, and amateur radio operations, particularly from space (callsign U5MIR).", "He graduated from high school in 1975.", "In 1981, he received a mechanical engineering degree from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute, now called Baltic State Technical University.", "After graduation in 1981, he joined NPO Energia, the Russian industrial organization responsible for manned space flight activities.", "He tested space flight equipment, developed space operations methods, and participated in ground control operations.", "When the Salyut 7 space station failed in 1985, he worked on the rescue mission team, developing procedures for docking with the uncontrolled station and repairing the station's on-board system.", "Mir \nKrikalev was selected as a cosmonaut in 1985, completed his basic training in 1986, and, for a time, was assigned to the Buran Shuttle program.", "In early 1988, he began training for his first long-duration flight aboard the Mir space station.", "This training included preparations for at least six EVAs (space walks), installation of a new module, the first test of the new Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and the second joint Soviet-French science mission.", "Soyuz TM-7 was launched on November 26, 1988, with Krikalev as flight engineer, Commander Aleksandr Volkov, and French astronaut Jean-Loup Chrétien.", "The previous crew (Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov, and Valeri Polyakov) remained on Mir for another 25 days, marking the longest period a six-person crew had been in orbit.", "After the previous crew returned to Earth, Krikalev, Polyakov, and Volkov continued to conduct experiments aboard the Mir station.", "Because arrival of the next crew had been delayed, they prepared the Mir for a period of unmanned operations before returning to Earth on April 27, 1989.", "In April 1990, Krikalev began preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-duration Mir mission, which also included five EVAs and a week of Soviet-Japanese operations.", "In December 1990, Krikalev began training for the ninth Mir mission which included training for ten EVAs.", "Soyuz TM-12 launched on May 19, 1991, with Krikalev as flight engineer, Commander Anatoly Artsebarsky, and British astronaut Helen Sharman.", "Sharman returned to Earth with the following crew after one week, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir.", "During the summer, they conducted six EVAs to perform a variety of experiments and some station maintenance tasks.", "In July 1991, Krikalev agreed to stay on Mir as flight engineer for the next crew, scheduled to arrive in October because the next two planned flights had been reduced to one.", "The engineer slot on the Soyuz TM-13 flight on October 2, 1991, was filled by Toktar Aubakirov, an astronaut from the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, who had not been trained for a long-duration mission.", "Both Aubakirov and Franz Viehböck, the first Austrian astronaut, returned with Artsebarsky on 10 October 1991.", "Commander Alexander Volkov remained on board with Krikalev.", "After the crew replacement in October, Volkov and Krikalev continued Mir experiment operations and conducted another EVA before returning to Earth on March 25, 1992.", "Throughout his various missions aboard Mir, Krikalev regularly communicated with various amateur radio operators (hams) across the globe.", "A particularly lengthy relationship was formed between Krikalev and amateur radio operator Margaret Iaquinto.", "At one point during one of his stays in space, he contacted her once a day for an entire year.", "Krikalev and Iaquinto successfully communicated via packet radio for the first time in history between an orbiting space station and an amateur radio operator.", "They communicated about personal matters, as well as political ones.", "Iaquinto set up a makeshift digital bulletin board that the Mir cosmonauts would often use to obtain uncensored western news and information regarding the state of the collapsing Soviet Union.", "Krikalev was in space when the Soviet Union was dissolved on December 26, 1991.", "With the Baikonur Cosmodrome and the landing area both being located in the newly independent Kazakhstan, there was a great deal of uncertainty about the fate of his mission.", "He remained in space twice as long as originally planned, spending a total of 311 days in space.", "Because Krikalev spent so much time in space away from Earth’s center of gravity, time dilation (or the slowing down of clocks) caused him to be 0.02 seconds younger than other people born at the same time as him.", "He returned to Earth on March 25 and is sometimes referred to as the \"last Soviet citizen\".", "These events are documented and contextualized in Romanian filmmaker Andrei Ujică's 1995 documentary Out of the Present.", "Krikalev's story inspired the 2017 film Sergio & Sergei, directed by Ernesto Daranas.", "Space Shuttle \n\nIn October 1992, NASA announced that an experienced cosmonaut would fly aboard a future Space Shuttle mission.", "Krikalev was one of two candidates named by the Russian Space Agency for mission specialist training with the crew of STS-60.", "In April 1993, he was assigned as prime mission specialist.", "In September 1993, Vladimir Titov was selected to fly on STS-63 with Krikalev training as his back-up.", "Krikalev flew on STS-60, the first joint U.S./Russian Space Shuttle Mission.", "Launched on February 3, 1994, STS-60 was the second flight of the Space Habitation Module-2 (Spacehab-2), and the first flight of the Wake Shield Facility (WSF-1).", "During the eight-day flight, the crew of Discovery conducted a wide variety of materials science experiments, both on the Wake Shield Facility and in the Spacehab, Earth observation, and life science experiments.", "Krikalev conducted significant portions of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) operations during the flight.", "Following 130 orbits of the Earth in , STS-60 landed at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 11 February 1994.", "With the completion of this flight, Krikalev logged an additional eight days, seven hours, nine minutes in space.", "Krikalev returned to duty in Russia following his American experience on STS-60.", "Periodically he returned to the Johnson Space Center in Houston to work with CAPCOM in Mission Control and ground controllers in Russia supporting joint U.S./Russian Missions STS-63, STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76.", "Krikalev and Robert Cabana became the first people to enter the ISS in December 1998, when they turned on the lights in the US module Unity.", "Krikalev flew on STS-88 Endeavour (4–15 December 1998), the first International Space Station assembly mission.", "During the 12-day mission the Unity module was mated with Zarya module.", "Two crew members performed three space walks to connect umbilicals and attach tools and hardware for use in future EVAs.", "The crew also performed IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) operations, and deployed two satellites, Mighty Sat 1 and SAC-A.", "The mission was accomplished in 185 orbits of the Earth in 283 hours and 18 minutes.", "International Space Station \nKrikalev was a member of the Expedition 1 crew.", "They launched October 31, 2000, on a Soyuz rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, successfully docking with the station on November 2, 2000.", "During their stay on the station they prepared the inside of the orbital outpost for future crews.", "They also saw the station grow in size with the installation of the U.S. solar array structure and the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module.", "They left the station with the STS-102 crew, undocking from the station on 18 March with landing at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 21 March 2001.", "Krikalev was also the Commander of Expedition 11.", "He lived and worked aboard the International Space Station on a six-month tour of duty.", "This was the third time he had flown to the International Space Station.", "Expedition 11 launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on 14 April 2005 aboard a Soyuz spacecraft and docked with the ISS on 16 April 2005.", "Following eight days of joint operations and handover briefings, they replaced the Expedition 10 crew who returned to earth aboard Soyuz.", "Expedition 11 plans called for two spacewalks, the first in August from the US Quest airlock in US spacesuits, and the second, in September, in Russian spacesuits from the Pirs airlock.", "On August 16, 2005 at 1:44 a.m. EDT he passed the record of 748 days in space held by Sergei Avdeyev.", "Expedition 11 undocked from the ISS on 10 October 2005 at 5:49 p.m. EDT and landed in Kazakhstan on 10 October 2005 at 9:09 p.m. EDT.", "They were replaced by William S. McArthur and Valeri Tokarev, the crew of Expedition 12.", "In completing his sixth space flight, Krikalev logged 803 days and 9 hours and 39 minutes in space, including eight EVAs.", "He is currently third to Gennady Padalka and Yuri Malenchenko in the record for the most time spent in space.", "Krikalev's contributions to the ISS were not limited to his on-orbit time.", "On June 15, 2007, Krikalev was brought to the Russian Mission Control center to instruct Expedition 15 Flight Engineer Oleg Kotov on how he and ISS Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin could jump-start the Russian segment's crippled computer systems.", "Later career \nOn February 15, 2007, Krikalev was appointed Vice President of the S.P.", "Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (Russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация \"Энергия\" им.", "С.П.Королева) in charge of manned space flights.", "In that office, he was the administrator of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center from 2009 to 2014.", "In popular culture \nA character based on Krikalev features in the 2017 Cuban film drama Sergio and Sergei, in which a professor and amateur radio enthusiast in Havana contacts a cosmonaut named Sergei aboard the Mir space station.", "The film draws parallels between economic hardships in Cuba at the time and the fall of the Soviet Union, which occurred as the real-life Krikalev was aboard Mir.", "Missions \n Soyuz TM-7: Launched November 26, 1988\n Soyuz TM-12: Launched May 19, 1991\n STS-60 Space Shuttle Discovery: Launched February 3, 1994\n STS-88 Space Shuttle Endeavour: Launched December 4, 1998\n ISS Expedition 1: Launched October 31, 2000\n ISS Expedition 11: Launched April 14, 2005\n\nAwards \nHe was a member of the Russian and Soviet national aerobatic flying teams, and was Champion of Moscow in 1983, and Champion of the Soviet Union in 1986.", "For his contributions to the Russian space program, he was the very first person awarded with the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.", "For his space flight experience, he was awarded:\n the title of Hero of the Russian Federation;\n the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (USSR);\n the title of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR (USSR);\n the Order of Lenin (USSR);\n Order For Merit to the Fatherland 4th class;\n Order of Honour;\n Order of Friendship of Peoples (USSR);\n Medal \"For Merit in Space Exploration\";\n Medal \"In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg\".", "Foreign awards:\n Officer of the Legion of Honour (France);\n NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (USA);\n three NASA Space Flight Medals (USA).", "He overtook Sergei Avdeyev's previous record for the career total time spent in space (747.59 days) during Expedition 11 to the International Space Station.", "Krikalev has logged a total of 803 days and 9 hours and 39 minutes in space.", "On 23 May 2007 Sergei Krikalev was selected as an honorary citizen of Saint Petersburg together with conductor Valery Gergiev.", "Krikalev was one of five cosmonauts selected to raise the Russian flag at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.", "See also \n List of human spaceflights chronologically\n List of ISS spacewalks\n List of Space Shuttle missions\n List of spacewalks and moonwalks\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Energia biography of S. Krikalev\n NASA biography of S. Krikalev\n Spacefacts biography of S. Krikalev\n\nHeroes of the Soviet Union\nHeroes of the Russian Federation\nCommanders of the International Space Station\nSoviet cosmonauts\nRussian cosmonauts\nRussian explorers\nPeople from Saint Petersburg\n1958 births\nLiving people\nCrew members of the International Space Station\nRussian mechanical engineers\nRecipients of the Order of Lenin\nRecipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)\nRecipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples\nRecipients of the Medal \"For Merit in Space Exploration\"\nOfficiers of the Légion d'honneur\nRecipients of the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal\nSpace Shuttle program astronauts\nSpacewalkers\nMir crew members" ]

[ "Sergei Krikalyov is a Soviet and Russian mechanical engineer and former cosmonaut.", "He is a veteran of six space flights and ranks third to Gennady Padalka and Yuri Malenchenko for the amount of time in space: a total of 803 days, 9 hours, and 39 minutes.", "During the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Krikalev was stranded on the Mir.", "He stayed in space for 311 days, twice as long as the mission had originally called for, because the country that sent him into space no longer exists.", "He was the vice president of Space Corporation Energia when he retired from spaceflight.", "In the Soviet Union, Krikalev was born.", "He enjoyed swimming, skiing, cycling, aerobatic flying, and amateur radio operations.", "He graduated from high school.", "He received a degree in mechanical engineering from the Baltic State Technical University.", "In 1981 he joined the Russian industrial organization that was responsible for manned space flight activities.", "He participated in ground control operations and tested space flight equipment.", "He worked on the rescue mission team when the Salyut 7 space station failed in 1985, developing procedures for docking and repairing the station's on-board system.", "After completing his basic training in 1986, Mir Krikalev was assigned to the Buran Shuttle program.", "He began training for his first flight in 1988.", "The training included the installation of a new module, the first test of the MMU, and the second joint Soviet- French science mission.", "Krikalev was the flight engineer on the day of the launch.", "The previous crew remained on Mir for another 25 days, which was the longest period a six-person crew had been in.", "After the previous crew returned to Earth, Krikalev, Polyakov, and Volkov continued to conduct experiments aboard the Mir station.", "The arrival of the next crew had been delayed, so they prepared the Mir for a period of operations before returning to Earth.", "In April 1990 Krikalev began preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-duration Mir mission, which included five EVAs and a week of Soviet-Japanese operations.", "Krikalev began training for the ninth Mir mission in December 1990.", "Krikalev was flight engineer and Commander Anatoly Artsebarsky was commander of the flight.", "After one week, Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir.", "During the summer, they conducted a number of experiments and station maintenance tasks.", "In July 1991, Krikalev agreed to stay on Mir as flight engineer for the next crew because the next two flights had been reduced to one.", "The engineer slot on the October 2, 1991, flight was filled by a man who had not been trained for a long-duration mission.", "The Austrian astronauts returned with Artsebarsky on October 10, 1991.", "Alexander Volkov was on board with Krikalev.", "After the crew replacement in October, Volkov and Krikalev continued Mir experiment operations and conducted another EVA before returning to Earth on March 25, 1992.", "Throughout his various missions aboard Mir, Krikalev communicated with various amateur radio operators across the globe.", "Krikalev and Margaret Iaquinto had a lengthy relationship.", "He contacted her once a day for an entire year when he was in space.", "The first ever communication between a space station and an amateur radio operator took place when Krikalev and Iaquinto communicated via packet radio.", "They talked about personal and political matters.", "The Mir cosmonauts would often use a makeshift digital bulletin board to get uncensored western news and information about the state of the collapsing Soviet Union.", "The Soviet Union was dissolved on December 26, 1991.", "There was a lot of uncertainty about the fate of his mission with the Baikonur Cosmodrome and the landing area being located in the newly independent Kazakhstan.", "He spent a total of 311 days in space.", "Because Krikalev spent so much time in space away from Earth's center of gravity, he was 0.02 seconds younger than other people who were born at the same time.", "The \"last Soviet citizen\" returned to Earth on March 25.", "The events are documented in the film Out of the Present.", "The film was inspired by Krikalev's story.", "In October 1992, NASA announced that an experienced cosmonaut would fly on a future Space Shuttle mission.", "One of the two candidates named by the Russian Space Agency was Krikalev.", "He was assigned as a prime mission specialist in April 1993.", "Krikalev was the back-up to Vladimir Titov on the flight.", "The first joint U.S. and Russian space shuttle mission was flown by Krikalev.", "The second flight of the Space Habitation Module-2 (Spacehab-2) and the first flight of the Wake Shield Facility was launched on February 3, 1994.", "During the eight-day flight, the crew of Discovery conducted a wide variety of materials science experiments, both on the Wake Shield Facility and in the Spacehab.", "The Remote Manipulator System operations were conducted by Krikalev.", "Kennedy Space Center, Florida, was the site of the landing ofSTS-60 on 11 February 1994.", "Krikalev spent an additional eight days, seven hours, nine minutes in space.", "Krikalev returned to Russia after his American experience.", "He returned to the Johnson Space Center in Houston occasionally to work with CAPCOM in Mission Control and ground controllers in Russia.", "The first people to enter the International Space Station were Krikalev and Robert Cabana.", "Krikalev flew on the first International Space Station assembly mission.", "The Zarya module was used during the mission.", "Three space walks were performed by two crew members to connect umbilicals and attach tools and hardware.", "The crew deployed two satellites and performed IMAX Cargo Bay Camera operations.", "The mission took 185 hours and 18 minutes to complete.", "Krikalev was on the International Space Station.", "They successfully docked with the station on November 2, 2000 after launching on October 31, 2000.", "They prepared the inside of the outpost for future crews while on the station.", "The station grew in size with the installation of the U.S. solar array structure and laboratory module.", "They left the station with the crew of the space shuttle on 18 March 2001 and landed at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on 21 March 2001.", "Krikalev was the leader of the expedition.", "He lived and worked on the International Space Station.", "He had flown to the International Space Station before.", "On April 16, 2005, the International Space Station was docked with the Baikonur Cosmodrome where it was launched on April 14, 2005.", "After eight days of joint operations and handover briefings, they replaced the crew from the previous expedition.", "The first spacewalk will take place in August from the US Quest airlock, and the second will take place in Russian spacesuits in September.", "He passed the record held by Sergei Avdeyev at 1:44 a.m. on August 16, 2005.", "After leaving the International Space Station on 10 October 2005 at 5:49pm.", "William S. McArthur and Valeri Tokarev replaced them.", "In completing his sixth space flight, Krikalev spent 803 days and 9 hours and 39 minutes in space.", "He is third in the record for the most time spent in space.", "Krikalev's contributions were not limited to his time on the space station.", "On June 15, 2007, Krikalev was brought to the Russian Mission Control center to teach the Flight Engineer how to jump-start the Russian segment's crippled computer systems.", "Krikalev was appointed Vice President of the S.P. on February 15, 2007.", "", "In charge of manned space flights.", "He was the administrator of the training center for a number of years.", "A professor and amateur radio enthusiast in Havana contacts a cosmonaut named Sergei aboard the Mir space station in a film based on Krikalev.", "The fall of the Soviet Union and the economic hardship in Cuba are both depicted in the film.", "He was a member of the space shuttle Discovery, which was launched on February 3, 1994.", "He was the first person to receive the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for his contributions to the space program.", "He was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and the Order for Merit to the Father.", "The Officer of the Legion of Honour from France is one of the foreign awards.", "He broke Sergei Avdeyev's previous record for the career total time spent in space.", "Krikalev has been in space for 9 hours and 39 minutes.", "On May 23, 2007, Sergei Krikalev and conductor Valery Gergiev were selected as Saint Petersburg's newest citizens.", "The Russian flag was to be raised at the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics.", "There is a list of human spaceflights chronologically, as well as a list of spacewalks and moonwalks." ]

[ "Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev", "Sergei Krikalyov", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Sergei Avdeyev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Sergei", "Krikalev", "Sergei Avdeyev", "Krikalev", "Sergei Krikalev", "Krikalev", ". Krikalev", ". Krikalev" ]

[ "Sergei Krikalyov", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Mir Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Sergei Avdeyev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Krikalev", "Sergei", "Krikalev", "Sergei Avdeyev", "Krikalev", "Sergei Krikalev" ]

[ "Hart Wood (1880–1957) was an American architect who flourished during the \"Golden Age\" of Hawaiian architecture.", "He was one of the principal proponents of a distinctive \"Hawaiian style\" of architecture appropriate to the local environment and reflective of the cultural heritage of the islands.", "He was one of the three founders (in 1926) of the Honolulu Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, and the only one of its fourteen charter members to be elected a Fellow of the AIA.", "He served as territorial architect during World War II.", "Early years\nHart Wood was born December 26, 1880 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Hart's grandfather Samuel Wood, father Thomas Hart Benton Wood, and uncle Louis M. H. Wood were all in the building trades.", "His Uncle Louis had studied architecture at Cornell University, sought work in Chicago after the Great Fire of 1871, then settled in Kansas in 1873, working until 1887 with architect John G. Haskell, whose commissions included the Kansas State Capitol, Chase County Courthouse, and buildings for the University of Kansas, Washburn University, Haskell Institute, and federal schools for tribes in the neighboring Indian Territory.", "Thomas moved his family west in the early 1880s, settling for a time in Hays, Kansas.", "By 1890, both brothers had moved to a booming Denver, Colorado, awash with architects and civic art clubs and rapidly filling with Richardsonian Romanesque buildings downtown.", "Hart began his architectural career in Denver, finding work in 1898 as a draftsman for the firm of Willis A. Marean and Albert J. Norton, who later designed the Colorado Governor's Mansion (1908).", "In 1900, he joined Frank E. Edbrooke & Company, who had designed the Brown Palace Hotel (1892).", "By 1902, he had moved to California, where he spent a year drafting plans for new campus building of Stanford University, where conservative Richardsonian Romanesque detail adorned newly evolving California Mission Revival Style architecture under the guidance of Boston-based Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge.", "At Stanford, he was also exposed to the landscape architecture of Frederick Law Olmsted.", "He then spent a year working for the young firm of Meyer and O'Brien before joining the firm of Bliss and Faville just in time to work on their most famous project, the St. Francis Hotel, and other major buildings arising from the ashes of the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, including the Neoclassical architecture of the Bank of California and the more Beaux-Arts style of the Union Savings Bank (1909), the Columbia (now Geary) Theater (1909), and the Masonic Temple (1912).", "In 1904, he moved to the more rural East Bay area around Oakland, California, home to distinctive architects including Bernard Maybeck, known for designing individualistic rustic homes.", "Wood married Jessie Spangler on November 21, 1906 in Berkeley, California.", "In 1910, he founded the Oakland Architectural Club and served as its first president (1910–1912).", "Other members included John Galen Howard, Louis Christian Mullgardt, and Oswald Spier.", "In 1911 he became a licensed architect, no longer just a draftsman, and the following year designed his own home on a steep hillside in Piedmont, California, a modest but well-crafted, wood-shingled house with rustic features worthy of Maybeck, including porch columns of bark-sheathed redwood.", "Also in 1912 Bliss and Faville was chosen as one of five San Francisco architectural firms to work on the Panama-Pacific International Exposition.", "As their chief draftsman, Wood was heavily involved, especially in designing the exposition's landscaping and Great Wall.", "He also worked with John McLaren, the horticulturist who designed Golden Gate Park, on a unique long, towering fence frame covered with iceplants along the main entrance of the exposition.", "The onset of World War I in 1914 severely reduced both new architectural commissions and access to high-quality European tools of the trade.", "Wood left Bliss and Faville to work briefly for another firm known for Beaux-Arts architecture, that of Lewis P. Hobart, before going into partnership with Horace G. Simpson in 1915.", "In between scarce commissions, the new partners published a series of articles in Architect and Engineer of California on planned communities of the kind envisioned by the Garden city movement.", "One article extolled the virtues of \"English cottage\" (Tudor Revival) styles for suburban living, a style they employed to good effect in designing houses and landscaping lots in the newly expanding suburb of Burlingame, California (billed as a \"City of Trees\") and in a wooded residential subdivision for its workers commissioned by Pacific Electric Metals Company of Bay Point, California, east of Berkeley.", "However, so little work was available during the war years that the two dissolved their partnership in 1917, and Wood worked in a shipyard to make ends meet.", "Hawaii Years\nWood first arrived in Hawaii in 1919, at the age of 38 and with a new partner he had met in Oakland: Charles William Dickey, who had secured two residential and two commercial commissions in Honolulu.", "Dickey had an architecture degree from MIT, and was grandson of William P. Alexander, an early missionary to Hawaii.", "The partnership lasted until 1928 and produced many notable buildings, such as the Alexander & Baldwin Building (1929) and Honolulu Hale (1929)—the latter in collaboration with every other major architect in town.", "Among his most striking designs are two churches.", "The First Church of Christ Scientist (1923), where he was a member, employs local materials, adapts some Hawaiian building techniques, and lies athwart cooling tradewinds in a shady tropical landscape.", "(He employed a similar design in 1922 for the main body of the Albert Spencer Wilcox Building in Lihue, completed in 1924.)", "The First Chinese Church of Christ (1929) artfully blends bell tower with pagoda, stained glass with colorful glazed tiles, and crosses with traditional Chinese geometric patterns.", "Similar Chinese motifs can also be seen in the work of other architects that Wood influenced, such as in J. Alvin Shadinger's interior design for the R.N.", "Linn House (1928).", "Wood designed one of the first stores in Waikiki, the Gump Building (1929).", "Among the more notable of the many private residences he designed are those for Dr. James Morgan, Dr. Robert Faus (1924), Frederick Ohrt (1925), Georges de S. Canavarro (1926), and Robert Pew (whose house was known as \"Wei Lan Tien\") (1931).", "Commissions from various sugarcane plantations helped keep him afloat during the Great Depression.", "On Kauai he designed the Waimea Community Center (now Boys & Girls Clubhouse) (1933) and houses for the Waimea Plantation doctor and Kekaha Plantation skilled workers (1934).", "On Oahu he designed the Ewa Plantation administration building (1934), and on Lānai the Dole Plantation manager's house (1936).", "Frederick Ohrt became a regular client after being appointed head of the new Board of Water Supply in 1930.", "He hired Wood to design pumping stations at Pacific Heights (1933), Makiki (1935), and Kalihi Uka (1935); and an aerator in Nuuanu (1936).", "In fact, Wood's last major project was the Board of Water Supply Building (1958).", "Many of the buildings he designed are on the State and National Register of Historic Places, including three of the Honolulu Tudor–French Norman Cottages built during 1923–1932.", "He died in Honolulu on October 6, 1957.", "Gallery\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n Hibbard, Don, Glenn Mason, and Karen Weitze (2010).", "Hart Wood: Architectural Regionalism in Hawai‘i.", "Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.", "Sandler, Rob, Julie Mehta, and Frank S. Haines (2008).", "Architecture in Hawai‘i: A Chronological Survey, new edition.", "Honolulu: Mutual Publishing.", "1880 births\n1957 deaths\n20th-century American architects\nHawaiian architecture\nArchitects from Philadelphia\nPeople from Hays, Kansas\nPeople from Oakland, California\nPeople from Piedmont, California" ]

[ "During the \"Golden Age\" of Hawaiian architecture, Hart Wood was an American architect.", "He was one of the main proponents of a distinctive \"Hawaiian style\" of architecture appropriate to the local environment and reflective of the cultural heritage of the islands.", "One of the founding members of the Honolulu Chapter of the American Institute of Architects was elected a Fellow of theAIA.", "He was an architect during World War II.", "Hart Wood was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "The family of Hart's grandfather Samuel Wood were in the building trades.", "After studying architecture at Cornell University, Louis settled in Kansas in 1873 and worked for John G. Haskell, who designed the Kansas State Capitol, Chase County Courthouse, and buildings for the University of Kansas.", "In the early years of the 20th century, Thomas and his family moved to Hays, Kansas.", "Both brothers moved to a booming Denver, Colorado, awash with architects and civic art clubs and rapidly filling with Richardsonian Romanesque buildings downtown.", "The Colorado Governor's Mansion was designed by Albert J.Norton, who was a draftsman for the firm of Willis A. Marean.", "The Brown Palace Hotel was designed by Frank E. Edbrooke & Company.", "He moved to California in the late 19th century, where he spent a year drafting plans for a new campus building at Stanford University under the guidance of Boston-based Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge.", "He was exposed to the landscape architecture of Frederick Law Olmsted.", "He joined the firm of Bliss and Faville just in time to work on their most famous project, the St. Francis Hotel, and other major buildings arising from the ashes of the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.", "He moved to the more rural East Bay area around Oakland, California, in 1904, where he found Bernard Maybeck, known for designing individualistic rustic homes.", "The couple were married on November 21, 1906 in Berkeley, California.", "He was the first president of the Oakland Architectural Club.", "Oswald Spier was one of the members.", "A year after becoming a licensed architect, he designed his own home on a steep hillside in Piedmont, California, a modest but well-crafted, wood-shingled house with rustic features worthy of Maybeck.", "One of the five San Francisco architectural firms was chosen to work on the Panama-Pacific International Exposition.", "The exposition's landscaping and Great Wall were designed by Wood, who was their chief draftsman.", "He worked with John McLaren, the horticulturist who designed Golden Gate Park, on a unique long, towering fence frame covered with ice plants along the main entrance of the exposition.", "World War I reduced access to high-quality European tools of the trade and reduced new architectural commissions.", "After working for another Beaux-Arts architecture firm, Wood went into partnership with another firm.", "The new partners published articles in Architect and Engineer of California on planned communities of the kind envisioned by the Garden city movement.", "One article extolled the virtues of \"English cottage\" (Tudor Revival) styles for suburban living, a style they employed to good effect in designing houses and landscaping lots in the newly expanding suburb of Burlingame, California.", "The two dissolved their partnership in 1917 due to the lack of work available during the war years.", "Hawaii Years Wood first arrived in Hawaii in 1919, at the age of 38, with a new partner, Charles William Dickey, who had secured two residential and two commercial commissions in Honolulu.", "William P. Alexander was an early missionary to Hawaii and had an architecture degree from MIT.", "The Alexander & Baldwin Building and Honolulu Hale were built in collaboration with every other major architect in town.", "Two churches are among his most striking designs.", "The First Church of Christ Scientist, where he was a member, employs local materials, Adapts some Hawaiian building techniques, and lies in a shady tropical landscape.", "The main body of the Albert Spencer Wilcox Building in Lihue was designed in 1922.", "The First Chinese Church of Christ has a bell tower, pagoda, stained glass, and crosses with traditional Chinese geometric patterns.", "Wood's influence can be seen in the work of other architects, such as in the interior design of the R.N.", "The Linn House was built in the late 19th century.", "The first store in Waikiki was designed by Wood.", "Many of the private residences he designed were for Dr. James Morgan, Dr. Robert Faus, Frederick Ohrt, and Georges de S. Canavarro.", "During the Great Depression, his commission from various sugarcane plantations helped keep him afloat.", "The houses for the doctor and skilled workers of the Kekaha Plantation were designed by him.", "He designed the Ewa Plantation administration building and the Lnai the Dole Plantation manager's house.", "After being appointed head of the Board of Water Supply in 1930, Frederick Ohrt became a regular client.", "Wood was hired to design pumping stations at Pacific Heights, Makiki, and Kalihi Uka.", "The Board of Water Supply Building was Wood's last major project.", "Three of the Honolulu Tudor–French Norman Cottages built in 1923–32 are on the State and National Register of Historic Places.", "He died in Honolulu.", "The gallery notes mention Don, Glenn Mason, and Karen.", "Architectural Regionalism in Hawaii is known as Hart Wood.", "The University of Hawaii Press is in Honolulu.", "Rob, Julie Mehta, and Frank S.", "The new edition of architecture in Hawai'i is called A Chronological Survey.", "Honolulu: Mutual Publishing.", "The births and deaths of 20th-century American architects." ]

[ "Hart Wood", "Hart Wood", "Hart", "Samuel Wood", "Thomas Hart Benton Wood", ". Wood", "Hart", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Hart Wood" ]

[ "Hart Wood", "Hart Wood", "Hart", "Samuel Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Wood", "Hart" ]

[ "Richard Gordon Scott (November 7, 1928 – September 22, 2015) was an American scientist and religious leader who served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).", "Scott was born in Idaho in 1928 and grew up in Washington, D.C.", "He attended George Washington University as an undergraduate, graduating in 1950 with a B.S.", "degree in mechanical engineering.", "He then served a full-time LDS mission in Uruguay from 1950 to 1953, achieving fluency in Spanish.", "Upon his return in 1953, Scott married Jeanene Watkins, his college girlfriend and the daughter of U.S.", "Senator Arthur Watkins, and began working as a nuclear engineer for Naval Reactors under the leadership of Admiral Hyman Rickover.", "Scott worked for the U.S. government until 1965, when the LDS Church selected him to serve as a mission president in Argentina.", "He completed his service in 1968 and returned to Washington, D.C., where he worked for a private nuclear engineering consulting firm.", "Scott's scientific career ended in 1977 when the LDS Church called him to serve as a general authority.", "Following the death of Marion G. Romney in 1988, Scott was chosen to fill the subsequent vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and served in that position until his death in 2015.", "Background and education\nScott was born in Pocatello, Idaho, to Kenneth Leroy Scott and Mary Eliza Whittle.", "When he was five years old, the family moved to Washington, D.C., where his father worked in the U.S. Department of Agriculture.", "His father was not a member of the LDS Church at the time, and his mother was marginally active, until the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture in the Eisenhower administration, church apostle Ezra Taft Benson, named Kenneth Scott as Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.", "Benson's influence led to his father's conversion and the reactivation of his mother.", "In 1988, as church president, Benson appointed Richard as a church apostle.", "Encouraged by his bishop and home teachers, Scott had attended church sporadically at times during his youth but felt out of place.", "He lacked confidence socially and athletically at school, although he excelled academically, was a class president, played the clarinet in the band, and was a drum major in the marching band.", "During his high school summers, Scott worked various jobs to earn money for college.", "Working on an oyster boat off the coast of Long Island, New York, during one summer, the hardened fishermen mocked him for not drinking alcohol.", "When a man went overboard and 17-year-old \"Scotty\" was the only sober man on board, he was sent overboard to look for him.", "In other summers, Scott cut down trees in Utah for the forest service and repaired railroad cars; he also worked as a dishwasher and assistant cook for a logging company in Utah.", "Scott graduated from George Washington University with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering.", "At the time, he was dating Jeanene Watkins, the daughter of U.S.", "Senator Arthur V. Watkins.", "When she categorically stated that she would only marry a returned missionary in an LDS temple, Scott's career plans changed and he applied for missionary service.", "He was called to serve in the Uruguay Montevideo Mission.", "It was during his missionary service that Scott was able to fill \"all the voids of loneliness\" he had felt since his youth.", "Jeanene graduated in sociology and left the day after graduation for a mission to the northwestern United States.", "After they both completed their missionary service, they married in the Manti Temple on July 16, 1953.", "The Scotts had seven children, five of whom reached adulthood.", "Their first son died after an operation to correct a congenital heart condition.", "Their second daughter lived only minutes and died six weeks before the death of their first son.", "Jeanene Watkins Scott died on May 15, 1995, after a short battle with cancer.", "Career\n\nA few weeks after returning from Uruguay, Scott was interviewed by Hyman G. Rickover, \"father of the nuclear Navy\".", "The interview seemed to go poorly since, when Scott mentioned his recent missionary service, the volatile Captain snapped, \"and what do I care about your mission?\"", "When asked what was the last book he read, Scott had to answer truthfully that it was the Book of Mormon.", "When all seemed lost to Scott, he stood to leave, but Rickover told him to wait, saying that he had only been testing his confidence and whether he would be true to what he believed, since this would be a difficult project.", "Scott was then offered the job working on the design of the nuclear reactor for the Nautilus, the first nuclear-powered submarine of the U.S. Navy.", "While working for Naval Reactors, Scott reported to Harry Mandil, reactor engineering branch director and became one of Mandil's key reactor material engineers.", "Scott later completed what was an equivalent to a doctorate in nuclear engineering at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, but due to the classified nature of the work, a formal university degree was not awarded.", "He also worked on the development of the Shippingport Atomic Power Station—the first commercial land-based nuclear power plant.", "He worked with Rickover until 1965 when he and his family moved to Córdoba, Argentina, when he was called as president of the church's Argentina North Mission.", "One of his missionaries was D. Todd Christofferson, who would later be called to serve in the Quorum of the Twelve with Scott.", "After his return from Argentina, Scott joined other former Rickover staffers at a private consulting firm specializing in nuclear engineering, working out of Washington, D.C.", "He worked there until his call as a church general authority in 1977.", "LDS Church service\nScott served in the LDS Church in many capacities.", "His ability to speak Spanish aided him in many assignments.", "Apart from his 31-month mission to Uruguay, he served as a stake clerk and as a counselor in a stake presidency before his service as a mission president.", "He served as a regional representative in the Uruguay, Paraguay, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. areas.", "He was called as a general authority and member of the First Quorum of the Seventy in April 1977.", "In 1983, he was called to the Presidency of the Seventy.", "As a seventy, Scott served as managing director of the Genealogical Department and Executive Administrator of the church for Southern Mexico and Central America.", "On October 1, 1988, Scott was called to serve in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, filling the vacancy created by the death of quorum president Marion G. Romney.", "As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Scott was accepted by the church as a prophet, seer, and revelator.", "After not speaking in the church's general conference earlier in the month, on April 23, 2015, Scott was hospitalized with gastrointestinal bleeding.", "The bleeding was brought under control within the next 24 hours, and he was released from the hospital on April 28.", "The bleeding was later determined to have been caused by an ulcer.", "The church reported that \"Elder Scott, known for his gentle manner and devoted service, has experienced a fading memory incident to age, and is not fully able to participate in meetings of the Quorum of the Twelve at this time.", "Doctors consider his condition as stable.\"", "Scott died on September 22, 2015, at age 86, due to causes incident to age.", "His death meant that there were three vacancies in the Quorum of the Twelve apostles.", "With the death of fellow apostles L. Tom Perry and Boyd K. Packer in the previous months, there had not been so many vacancies in the Quorum since 1906.", "The vacancies were filled in the next general conference in October.", "Writings\nScott was a regular speaker at Church Educational System firesides and at the church's general conferences.", "In these settings he was known \"for delivering compassionate talks ... looking directly into the camera, and pleading for repentance and improvements in the lives of members.", "He emphasizes the Savior's compassion and willingness to forgive past transgressions, and pleads for members to repent and move on with their lives.\"", "In 2007, Scott wrote Finding Peace, Happiness and Joy, his first book written as an apostle.", "It carries on many themes from his talks such as repentance and finding happiness through the atonement of Jesus Christ.", "Some of the addresses he has delivered in general conferences include:\n \"To Heal the Shattering Consequences of Abuse\", April 2008 General Conference\n \"Truth, the Foundation of Correct Decisions\", October 2007 General Conference\n \"Jesus Christ, Our Redeemer\", April 1997 General Conference\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nGeneral Authorities and General Officers: Elder Richard G. Scott\nGrampa Bill's G.A.", "Pages: Richard G. Scott\n\n1928 births\n2015 deaths\n20th-century Mormon missionaries\nAmerican Latter Day Saint writers\nAmerican Mormon missionaries in Argentina\nAmerican Mormon missionaries in Uruguay\nAmerican nuclear engineers\nApostles (LDS Church)\nGeorge Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni\nMembers of the First Quorum of the Seventy (LDS Church)\nMission presidents (LDS Church)\nPeople from Pocatello, Idaho\nPresidents of the Seventy (LDS Church)\nRegional representatives of the Twelve\nAmerican general authorities (LDS Church)\nReligious leaders from Idaho\nReligious leaders from Washington, D.C.", "Latter Day Saints from Idaho\nLatter Day Saints from Washington, D.C." ]

[ "Richard Gordon Scott was an American scientist and religious leader who served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.", "Scott was born in Idaho and grew up in Washington, D.C.", "He graduated from George Washington University with a B.S. in 1950.", "There is a degree in mechanical engineering.", "From 1950 to 1953, he was a full-time member of the LDS church.", "Scott married Jeanene Watkins, his college girlfriend, in 1953.", "Senator Arthur Watkins worked as a nuclear engineer for Naval Reactors.", "Scott was selected by the LDS Church to serve as a mission president in Argentina in 1965, after working for the U.S. government.", "After completing his service in 1968, he returned to Washington, D.C., where he worked for a private nuclear engineering consulting firm.", "Scott was called to serve as a general authority by the LDS Church in 1977.", "Scott served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles until his death in 2015.", "Scott was born in Pocatello, Idaho, to two people.", "When he was five years old, the family moved to Washington, D.C., where his father worked in the U.S. Department of Agriculture.", "Kenneth Scott was named the assistant secretary of agriculture by the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture in the Eisenhower administration.", "His influence resulted in his father's conversion and the reactivation of his mother.", "Richard was appointed as a church apostle in 1988.", "Scott was encouraged by his bishop and home teachers to attend church occasionally, but he felt out of place.", "He was a class president, played the clarinet in the band, and was a drum major in the marching band, but he lacked confidence socially and athletically.", "Scott earned money for college during his high school summers.", "Working on an oyster boat off the coast of Long Island, New York, during one summer, the hardened fishermen mocked him for not drinking alcohol.", "\"Scotty\" was the only sober man on board when a man went over and he was sent to look for him.", "Scott worked as a dishwasher and assistant cook for a logging company in Utah, as well as cutting down trees in Utah for the forest service.", "Scott graduated from George Washington University with a degree in mechanical engineering.", "He was dating the daughter of the U.S.", "Senator Arthur V. Watkins.", "When she stated that she would only marry a returned missionary in an LDS temple, Scott's career plans changed and he applied for missionary service.", "He was called to serve.", "Scott was able to fill all the voids of loneliness he had felt since his youth during his missionary service.", "After graduating from sociology, Jeanene left for a mission to the northwestern United States.", "The Manti Temple was where they married on July 16, 1953.", "The Scotts had seven children.", "Their first son died after an operation to correct a congenital heart condition.", "Their first son died six weeks after their second daughter died.", "On May 15, 1995, Jeanene Watkins Scott died of cancer.", "Scott was interviewed by the \"Father of the nuclear Navy\" after returning from Uruguay.", "When Scott mentioned his recent missionary service, the Captain snapped, \"and what do I care about your mission?\"", "Scott had to say that the Book of Mormon was the last book he read.", "Rickover told Scott to wait, since this would be a difficult project, and that he had only been testing his confidence.", "Scott was hired to work on the design of the nuclear reactor for the first nuclear-powered submarine in the U.S. Navy.", "Scott became one of Mandil's key reactor material engineers while working for Naval Reactors.", "Due to the classified nature of Scott's work at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a formal university degree was not awarded.", "The Shippingport Atomic Power Station is the first commercial land-based nuclear power plant.", "When he and his family moved to Argentina in 1965, he became the president of the church's Argentina North Mission.", "D. Todd Christofferson was called to serve in the Quorum of the Twelve with Scott.", "Scott joined other former Rickover staffers at a private consulting firm specializing in nuclear engineering, working out of Washington, D.C.", "He became a church general authority in 1977.", "Scott was a member of the LDS Church in many capacities.", "He was able to speak Spanish in many assignments.", "He was a stake clerk and a counselor in a stake presidency before he became a mission president.", "He was a regional representative in the states of South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.", "He was a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy in 1977.", "He was called to the Presidency in 1983.", "Scott was the Executive Administrator of the church for Southern Mexico and Central America when he was 70.", "On October 1, 1988, Scott was called to serve in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, filling the vacancy created by the death of Romney.", "Scott was accepted as a prophet, seer, and revelator by the church as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve.", "Scott was hospitalized on April 23, 2015, after not speaking in the church's general conference earlier in the month.", "He was released from the hospital on April 28 after the bleeding was brought under control.", "The bleeding was caused by an ulcer.", "Elder Scott, known for his gentle manner and devoted service, has experienced a fading memory incident to age, and is not fully able to participate in meetings of the Quorum of the Twelve.", "His condition is stable.", "Scott died on September 22, 2015, at the age of 86.", "There were three vacancies in the Quorum of the Twelve apostles because of his death.", "Since 1906, there have not been so many vacancies in the Quorum.", "The vacancies were filled at the next general conference.", "At the church's general conferences, Writings Scott was a regular speaker.", "He was known for delivering compassionate talks, looking directly into the camera, and pleading for repentance and improvements in the lives of members.", "He emphasizes the Savior's compassion and willingness to forgive past transgressions, and pleads for members to repentance and move on with their lives.", "Scott wrote his first book as an apostle, Finding Peace, Happiness and Joy, in 2007.", "There are many themes from his talks such as repentance and finding happiness.", "\"To Heal the Shattering Consequences of Abuse\", \"Truth, the Foundation of Correct Decisions\", and \"Jesus Christ, Our Redeemer\" are some of the addresses he has delivered.", "George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni are members of the First Quorum of the Seventy.", "Mormons from Idaho and Washington, D.C." ]

[ "Richard Gordon Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Kenneth Scott", "Richard", "Scott", "Scott", "Scotty", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Watkins Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Elder Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Richard G", ". Scott", "Gram", "Richard G", ". Scott" ]

[ "Richard Gordon Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Kenneth Scott", "Richard", "Scott", "Scott", "Scotty", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Watkins Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Elder Scott", "Scott", "Scott", "Scott" ]

[ "Shabtai Rosenne (Hebrew: שבתאי רוזן) (24 November 1917 – 21 September 2010) was a Professor of International Law and an Israeli diplomat.", "Rosenne was awarded the 1960 Israel Prize for Jurisprudence, the 1999 Manley O. Hudson Medal for International Law and Jurisprudence, the 2004 Hague Prize for International Law and the 2007 Distinguished Onassis Scholar Award.", "He was the leading scholar of the World Court - the PCIJ and ICJ and had a widely recognized expertise in treaty law, state responsibility, self-defence, UNCLOS and other issues of international law.", "Rosenne authored some 200 articles and essays, as well as The Law and Practice of the International Court in 1997 and 2006, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982: a Commentary in 2002, Provisional Measures in International Law: the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in 2005, and Essays on International Law and Practice in 2007.In June 2010, he was appointed to the Israeli special independent public Turkel Commission of Inquiry into the Gaza flotilla raid.", "Biography \nSefton Wilfred David Rowson (later Shabtai Rosenne) was born in London, United Kingdom, the son of Harry Rowson.", "In 1938, Rosenne completed his academic studies in law (LL.B.", "; University of London), studying naval law.", "In 1959, he earned a PhD from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "He served from 1940 to 1946 in the Royal Air Force.", "He then worked in the Political Department of the Jewish Agency, initially in London and subsequently in Jerusalem, for two years.", "Rosenne died of a heart attack in Jerusalem on 21 September 2010 at the age of 92.", "Diplomatic career\nWith the approach of the end of the British Mandate in Palestine, Rosenne was appointed to the Legal Secretariat of the Situation Committee, which helped create the administrative apparatus of the new State of Israel.", "After the declaration of the State, he joined the Israeli Foreign Ministry.", "From 1948 to 1967, Rosenne served as a Legal Adviser to the Foreign Ministry.", "Among other things, he was as a member of the Israeli delegation to the 1949 Armistice Agreements.", "He was also a member of the UN-established International Law Commission from 1962 to 1971, and has been a member of the Institut de Droit International since 1963.", "In 1960, he was appointed to the rank of Ambassador.", "He served as Deputy Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations in New York from 1967 to 1971, and Israel's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva from 1971 to 1974.", "In 1972, a letter bomb was sent to him, which was defused.", "He was appointed Ambassador-at-Large in 1974.", "He was Vice Chairman of Delegation to the First and Second United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, and from 1973 to 1982 he was Chairman of the Delegation to the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea and a member of the Drafting Committee of the UNCLOS.", "In 1993, he acted as Serbia's chief legal advisor.", "From 1994 to 1996 he was a Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague.", "He was also a member of the Court's Steering Committee.", "Academic career\nHe returned to Britain and lectured in international law and naval law at the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, London, from 1946 to 1947.", "Rosenne taught at The Hague Academy of International Law in 1954 and 2001.", "He became a member of the Institute of International Law in 1963.", "After leaving public service, Rosenne became a member of the faculty (with the rank of Professor) at Bar Ilan University.", "He also taught at the Rhodes Oceans Academy in Greece, as the Arthur Goodhart Professor in Legal Science in the University of Cambridge, the Bella van Zuylen Professor in the University of Utrecht, and visiting professor in international law at the University of Amsterdam and the University of Virginia.", "In 2001, after Rosenne was invited to teach his General Course on The Perplexities of Modern International Law, he became a member of the Hague Academy of International Law.", "He has also served as a consultant to various governments, including to the United States and Yugoslavia (in the Bosnian Genocide case) before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and to Japan and Suriname in their Arbitrations in the ICSID and PCA respectively.", "He wrote United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982: a Commentary in 2002, Provisional Measures in International Law: the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in 2005, and Essays on International Law and Practice in 2007.", "The first edition of Rosenne's monumental treatise on The Law and Practice of the International Court was handed to then ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel and UN Legal Counsel Hans Corell in November 1997.", "The second edition was handed by Rosenne to ICJ President Rosalyn Higgins on the eve of the Court's 60th Anniversary in April 2006 and it was praised in solemn tribute of ICJ President Hisashi Owada to the memory of Professor Rosenne of 11 October 2010 as \"an indispensable guide to the role and functioning of the Court as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations\".", "As President Owada at his tribute's p. 10 added: \"Rosenne's keen interest in and enthusiasm about the work of the Court, which continued unabated throughout his life, was greatly appreciated by all Members of the Court, past and present\".", "Turkel Commission of Inquiry\n\nOn 14 June 2010, Rosenne was appointed to the Israeli special independent public Turkel Commission of Inquiry into the Gaza flotilla raid.", "The commission was established to investigate whether Israel's actions in preventing the arrival of ships in Gaza were in accordance with international law.", "Its focus included the security considerations for imposing a naval blockade on the Gaza Strip; the conformity of the naval blockade with the rules of international law; the conformity of the actions during the raid to principles of international law; and the actions taken by those who organized and participated in the flotilla and their identities.", "Also appointed to the commission were former Israeli Supreme Court Justice, Jacob Turkel, and former Technion University President, Amos Horev, as well two other members, Miguel Deutch and Reuven Merchav, added in July 2010.", "In addition, two foreign observers were appointed to the commission, former First Minister of Northern Ireland, David Trimble, and former head of the Canadian military's judiciary, Judge Advocate General, Ken Watkin, authorized to take part in hearings and discussions, but not to vote on final conclusions.", "Awards and recognition\n In 1960, Rosenne was awarded the Israel Prize, in jurisprudence.", "In 1994, he was honoured by the American Society of International Law, and has been elected to serve as its honorary president.", "In 1994, he was also honoured with the Sharett Prize.", "In 1999, he was awarded the Manley O. Hudson Medal for International Law and Jurisprudence.", "In 2004, he received the Hague Prize for International Law.", "In 2007, Rosenne received Distinguished Onassis Scholar Award from the Rhodes Oceans Academy in Greece.", "Journal of International Law & Policy 145, 1997–98\n\"Geography in international maritime boundary-making\", Shabtai Rosenne, 15 Political Geography 319, 1996\n\"Establishing the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea\", Shabtai Rosenne, 89 American Journal of International Law 806, 1995\n\"The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea\", Shabtai Rosenne, 29 Israel Law Review 491, 1995\n\"The Qatar/Bahrain Case What is a Treaty?", "A Framework Agreement and the Seising of the Court\", Shabtai Rosenne, 8 Leiden Journal of International Law 161, 1995\n\nSee also\nList of Israel Prize recipients\n\nReferences\n\n1917 births\n2010 deaths\nDiplomats from London\nBritish Jews\nBritish emigrants to Israel\nIsraeli Jews\nRoyal Air Force personnel of World War II\nIsraeli jurists\nHebrew University of Jerusalem alumni\nBar-Ilan University faculty\nIsrael Prize in law recipients\nAcademics of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich\nUniversity of Virginia faculty\nUniversity of Amsterdam faculty\nInternational law scholars\nThe Hague Academy of International Law people\nAmbassadors of Israel\nAcademics of the University of Cambridge\nMembers of the Institut de Droit International\nMembers of the Permanent Court of Arbitration\nPermanent Representatives of Israel to the United Nations\nIsraeli judges of international courts and tribunals\nLawyers from London\n20th-century English lawyers" ]

[ "Shabtai Rosenne was an Israeli diplomat and a Professor of International Law.", "The 1960 Israel Prize for Jurisprudence, the 1999 Manley O. Hudson Medal for International Law and the 2004 Hague Prize for International Law were all awarded to Rosenne.", "He was the leading scholar of the World Court and had expertise in treaty law, state responsibility, self-defence and other issues of international law.", "The Law and Practice of the International Court, as well as The International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, were written by Rosenne.", "Harry Rowson was the son of Sefton David Rowson.", "In 1938, he finished his studies in law.", "The University of London is studying naval law.", "He earned a PhD in 1959 from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "He was in the Royal Air Force from 1940 to 1946.", "He worked in Jerusalem for two years in the Political Department of the Jewish Agency.", "At the age of 92, Rosenne died of a heart attack in Jerusalem.", "The end of the British Mandate in Palestine led to the creation of the administrative apparatus of the new State of Israel.", "He joined the Israeli Foreign Ministry after the declaration of the state.", "From 1948 to 1967, she was a legal adviser to the Foreign Ministry.", "He was a member of the Israeli delegation to the 1949 Armistice Agreements.", "From 1962 to 1971 he was a member of the UN-established International Law Commission.", "He was appointed to the rank of Ambassador in 1960.", "From 1971 to 1974 he was Israel's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and other international organizations.", "In 1972 a letter bomb was sent to him.", "In 1974 he was appointed Ambassador-at-Large.", "He was Vice Chairman of Delegation to the First and Second United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and Chairman of the Delegation to the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea.", "He was Serbia's chief legal advisor in 1993.", "He was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration from 1994 to 1996.", "He was on the court's steering committee.", "He lectured in international law and naval law at the Royal Naval College in London from 1946 to 1947.", "In the 60s and 70s, she taught at The Hague Academy of International Law.", "He joined the Institute of International Law in 1963.", "At Bar Ilan University, after leaving public service, Rosenne became a member of the faculty with the rank of Professor.", "He was a visiting professor in international law at the University of Amsterdam and the University of Virginia, as well as the Arthur Goodhart Professor in Legal Science in the University of Cambridge.", "In 2001, after he was invited to teach his General Course on The Perplexities of Modern International Law, he became a member of the Hague Academy of International Law.", "He was a consultant to the United States and Yugoslavia in the case of the Bosnian Genocide, as well as to Japan and Suriname in their cases at the International Court of Justice.", "In 2002 he wrote a commentary on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780", "The UN Legal Counsel Hans Corell received the first edition of The Law and Practice of the International Court in 1997.", "On the eve of the Court's 60th anniversary in April 2006 the second edition was handed to the President of the ICJ,Rosalyn Higgins, and it was praised in a solemn tribute to the memory of the President of the ICJ, Hisashi Owada.", "\"Rosenne's interest in and enthusiasm about the work of the Court, which continued throughout his life, was greatly appreciated by all Members of the Court, past and present\", said President Owada at his tribute's p. 10.", "The Israeli special independent public Turkel Commission of Inquiry into the Gaza flotilla raid was formed in June 2010.", "The commission was established to find out if Israel's actions in preventing the arrival of ships in Gaza were in line with international law.", "The focus was on the security considerations for imposing a naval blockade on the Gaza Strip, the conformity of the naval blockade with the rules of international law, and the actions taken by those who organized and participated in the flotilla.", "Also appointed to the commission were former Israeli Supreme Court Justice, Jacob Turkel, and former Technion University President, Amos Horev, as well as two other members, Miguel Deutch and Reuven Merchav.", "The former First Minister of Northern Ireland and the former head of the Canadian military's judiciary were authorized to take part in hearings and discussions, but not to vote on final conclusions.", "The Israel Prize was awarded to Rosenne in 1960.", "He was honoured by the American Society of International Law in 1994 and was elected to serve as its president.", "He received the Sharett Prize in 1994.", "He received the Manley O. Hudson Medal for International Law and Jurisprudence in 1999.", "He received a prize for international law.", "The Onassis Scholar Award is given by the Rhodes Ocean Academy in Greece.", "\"Establishing the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea\" was published in the American Journal of International Law.", "A Framework Agreement and the Seising of the Court was published in the Journal of International Law 161." ]

[ "Shabtai Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Shabtai Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Shabtai", "Rosenne", "Shabtai", "Rosenne", "Shabtai", "Rosenne", "Shabtai", "Rosenne" ]

[ "Shabtai Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne", "Rosenne" ]

[ "John Ferguson Jr. (born July 7, 1967) is the current assistant general manager for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Ferguson previously served as the director of player personnel for the Boston Bruins and the general manager of their American Hockey League affiliate, the Providence Bruins.", "Ferguson previously was the vice president and general manager for the Toronto Maple Leafs from 2003 to 2008.", "Playing career\nDrafted by the Montreal Canadiens, the team with which his father had played every one of his NHL games, in the 12th round of the 1985 NHL Entry Draft, Ferguson played four professional seasons at the American Hockey League (AHL) level with the Canadiens and Senators organizations.", "He was alternate captain of the 1992 Fredericton Canadiens that won the AHL regular season championship.", "Ferguson was named the team's \"unsung hero\" in consecutive years (1991, 1992).", "He played his college hockey at Providence College, where he served as an assistant captain, was an Academic All-American and graduated magna cum laude with a degree in business administration in 1989.", "Post-playing career\nFerguson was a player agent responsible for negotiating player contracts, product endorsements and player recruitment.", "From 1993 to 1996 he was a member of the Ottawa Senators scouting staff as an amateur and professional scout.", "During that time he also spent the summers of 1994 and 1995 at the NHL office in the hockey operations and legal departments.", "Following his professional hockey career, he graduated cum laude with the degree of juris doctor from the Suffolk University Law School and was admitted to the Massachusetts State Bar in 1996.", "St. Louis Blues\nFerguson served as vice president and director of hockey operations for the St. Louis Blues, and before that he was assistant general manager for the club for five seasons.", "In that role he evaluated players at the professional and amateur level and negotiated player contracts.", "Ferguson was also the president and general manager of the Worcester IceCats and was influential in the negotiation and acquisition of the Blues' top minor league affiliate.", "He is a former chairman of the AHL's Competition Committee and also served on the league's Legal Affairs Committee.", "Toronto Maple Leafs\nOn August 29, 2003, at the age of 36, Ferguson became the 12th general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs.", "He succeeded Pat Quinn, who retained his duties as head coach after serving in a dual capacity for the previous four seasons.", "Leafs President Ken Dryden was given a seat on MLSE's board of directors and shuffled to the post of Vice-Chairman, where he was no longer in the Leafs management reporting hierarchy.", "During the 2005–06 season, the first after lockout, the Leafs narrowly missed the postseason.", "Quinn took the blame from the MLSE front office for the team's failure to make the playoffs and was let go as head coach.", "Quinn's firing upset some longtime Leaf fans, with many calling for the firing of Ferguson himself.", "The Leafs had finished the season 9-1-2 despite season-ending injuries to Eric Lindros, Jason Allison, Alex Khavanov and Ed Belfour, with TSN criticising Ferguson for signing these players.", "Many of the young players, who were key contributors to the Leaf's late-season run for a playoff spot, were drafted by Quinn prior to Ferguson's arrival.", "Ferguson also drew criticism for a trade which brought Mark Bell to the Leafs.", "Bell was convicted for a hit and run and driving under the influence while with the San Jose Sharks; the NHL (which wanted to crack down on off-ice behavior) suspended Bell for his first fifteen Leafs games.", "Entering the 2007–08 season the Leafs had posted a .577 points percentage during Ferguson's tenure, establishing franchise records for points (103), wins (45-tie), home wins (26) and road wins (23) in a season.", "The team lost to the Philadelphia Flyers in the first round of the 2003 playoffs, in seven games, and were again eliminated by the Flyers in 2004, in six games during the second round.", "The Leafs reached at least 90 points and 40 wins in each of the three seasons played.", "However, the team failed to qualify for the playoffs in the last two of the four seasons under Ferguson.", "The team was out of a playoff position at the time of his dismissal, near the bottom of the league.", "After weeks of media speculation, on January 22, 2008, Ferguson was informed his Leafs' contract would not be renewed when it expired on June 30, 2008.", "He was relieved immediately from his duties as general manager, and was replaced by returning former Maple Leafs GM Cliff Fletcher.", "Team Canada\nIn 2007 Ferguson served as a member of Team Canada management at the 2007 IIHF World Championship in Russia.", "He collaborated with Steve Yzerman in selecting Canada's unbeaten gold medal roster, the youngest team to ever win a World Championship.", "After the Leafs\nAt the 2007–08 NHL Season's trade deadline, Ferguson provided analysis of the trades as they came in for TSN.", "From 2008 to 2014, he served as a scout for the San Jose Sharks of the NHL.", "On June 26, 2014, he joined the Boston Bruins as Executive Director of Player Personnel.", "On September 16, 2016, he was also given the position of general manager of Boston's American Hockey League affiliate, the Providence Bruins.", "In 2021, he was hired as the assistant general manager of the Arizona Coyotes and the general manager of their AHL affiliate, the Tucson Roadrunners.", "Personal life\nFerguson is married to Providence College graduate, Stephanie Paiva.", "Ferguson is the son of former Montreal Canadiens forward John Ferguson, Sr., and was born in the city during his father's stint with the team.", "References\n\nExternal links\n\"Mystery Man\" (Slam.ca column)\n\n1967 births\nLiving people\nAnglophone Quebec people\nBoston Bruins executives\nCanadian ice hockey forwards\nCanadian people of Scottish descent\nFredericton Canadiens players\nSportspeople from Montreal\nMontreal Canadiens draft picks\nNational Hockey League executives\nNational Hockey League general managers\nNew Haven Senators players\nOttawa Senators scouts\nPeoria Rivermen (IHL) players\nProvidence Friars men's ice hockey players\nSt. Louis Blues executives\nSan Jose Sharks scouts\nSherbrooke Canadiens players\nToronto Maple Leafs executives\nWinnipeg South Blues players\nIce hockey people from Quebec" ]

[ "John Ferguson Jr. is an assistant general manager for the Arizona Coyotes of the NHL.", "Ferguson was the general manager of the Providence Bruins and the director of player personnel for the Boston Bruins.", "From 2003 to 2008 Ferguson was the vice president and general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs.", "Ferguson was drafted by the Montreal Habs in the 12th round of the 1985 NHL Entry Draft and played four seasons in the American Hockey League.", "He was an alternate captain of the 1992 team that won the regular season title.", "Ferguson was the team's \"unsung hero\" for two years in a row.", "He graduated magna cum laude with a degree in business administration from Providence College, where he was an assistant captain on the hockey team.", "Ferguson was a player agent who was responsible for negotiating player contracts, product endorsements and player recruitment.", "He was an amateur and professional scout for the Senators from 1993 to 1996.", "During the summers of 1994 and 1995 he worked in the hockey operations and legal departments at the NHL office.", "He was admitted to the Massachusetts State Bar in 1996 after graduating cum laude with the degree of juris doctor from the Suffolk University Law School.", "Ferguson was an assistant general manager for five seasons at the St. Louis Blues before he became vice president and director of hockey operations.", "He evaluated players at the amateur and professional levels.", "Ferguson was involved in the negotiation and acquisition of the Blues' top minor league affiliate.", "He was a member of the league's Legal Affairs Committee.", "Ferguson became the 12th general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs at the age of 36.", "He took over from Pat Quinn, who had served in a dual capacity for the previous four seasons.", "The Leafs President was given a seat on MLSE's board of directors and moved to the post of Vice-Chairman, but he was no longer in the management reporting hierarchy.", "The Leafs missed out on the playoffs during the 2005–06 season.", "The MLSE front office was to blame for the team's failure to make the playoffs.", "Many Leaf fans called for Ferguson's firing after he was fired.", "Despite season-ending injuries to Eric Lindros, Jason Allison, Alex Khavanov and Ed Belfour, the Leafs finished the season with a 9-1-2 record.", "Many of the young players, who were key contributors to the Leaf's late-season run for a playoff spot, were drafted prior to Ferguson's arrival.", "Mark Bell was brought to the Leafs in a trade with Ferguson.", "The NHL suspended Bell for his first fifteen games after he was convicted for a hit and run and driving under the influence.", "During Ferguson's tenure, the Leafs established franchise records for points (103), wins (45-tie), home wins (26) and road wins (22) in a season.", "The team lost to Philadelphia in the first round of the playoffs in 2003 and were eliminated in the second round in 2004.", "In each of the three seasons played, the Leafs reached at least 90 points and 40 wins.", "The team did not qualify for the playoffs in the last two seasons.", "At the time of his dismissal, the team was near the bottom of the league.", "Ferguson was told his contract wouldn't be renewed when it expired on June 30, 2008, after weeks of media speculation.", "He was replaced as general manager by a former Maple Leafs GM.", "Ferguson was a member of the Team Canada management at the IIHF World Championship in Russia in 2007.", "The youngest team to ever win a World Championship was selected by him and Steve Yzerman.", "Ferguson provided analysis of the trades as they came in for TSN.", "He was a scout for the San Jose Sharks of the NHL.", "He joined the Boston Bruins as the Executive Director of Player Personnel.", "He was given the position of general manager of the Providence Bruins on September 16, 2016", "He was hired as the assistant general manager of the Arizona Coyotes and the general manager of the Tucson Roadrunners.", "Ferguson is married to a Providence College graduate.", "During his father's time with the team, Ferguson was born in the city and is the son of the player.", "There are External links to \"Mystery Man\" (Slam.ca column)." ]

[ "John Ferguson Jr", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "John Ferguson" ]

[ "John Ferguson Jr", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson", "Ferguson" ]

[ "William Henry Mote (1803–1871) was a British stipple and line engraver, primarily known for his portraits.", "He produced etchings for reference books, as well as original etchings.", "Mote became a member of the Royal Academy in his twenties and his portraits hang in the National Portrait Gallery, London.", "Life\nMote was first mentioned in publications as working under the supervision of Charles Heath when he was sixteen or seventeen years old.", "He became a member of the Royal Academy when he was roughly twenty eight years old.", "He also was one of many engravers to sign a petition addressed to the King and the Royal Academy in 1837 to protest the limitation of engravers to distinction as \"associates\".", "His sons are listed as engravers in contemporary census records and the London Directories.", "It is unknown exactly how much Mote's sons worked under their father's name.", "He was commissioned by King George IV to produce an engraving for the Greenwich Hospital, which was presented a year after King George's death.", "Mote often etched portraits of royalty.", "Mote also worked with female artists, and a high percentage of his etchings found their way into publications produced by women.", "The National Portrait Gallery (London) contains sixty five portrait engravings from Mote.", "Mote's portrait of Sir Rowland Hill, which is now in the National Portrait Gallery, was published in 1820, when Mote would have been seventeen years old.", "Additionally, there are fifteen engravings in the Farnsworth Shakespeare Collection (Rhode Island College) and twenty one etchings in the National Maritime Museum produced by Mote.", "He maintained a working relationship with the Heaths throughout his career and his engravings were often printed in their publications.", "New technology introduced in 1820 allowed more books to be produced.", "Publication of annuals with etchings of beautiful women was a fad that lasted from 1823 to 1857, and Mote was a prolific engraver of this content.", "In the 1830s the etchings became popular as watercolor projects, and many people turned etchings into wall art.", "Although mainly a portrait engraver, Mote also produced religious and art etchings.", "At least 101 portrait etchings by William Mote now reside in various museums.", "Etching in the nineteenth century\n\nThe heyday of steel engraved book illustration was between 1825 and 1845, and a rapid expansion of this field took place in London around 1820.", "This coincided with Mote's first known etching.", "He was an innovator with steel plate engravings not only because of his talent for etching but because he was in the right place (London) at the right time (1820) and worked for the right man (Charles Heath).", "Etchers expressed fears of being replaced by photography in the 1865 minutes of the Royal Academy.", "By 1880 steel engravings were in serious decline and steel etching was being replaced with newer technology.", "Despite this decline, steel etchings were used as late as the 1920s in some mass-produced books.", "Steel etching is currently used for currency.", "WT Mote as possible misspelling of WH Mote\nSome etchings attributed to Mote are labeled WT Mote.", "This is likely a mistake and these etchings were probably done by WH Mote.", "These etchings were published in Lodge's Illustrious Portraits.", "There was an advertisement in Bent's Literary Advertiser advertising these plates for sale by auction, and they were purchased for £4,200 by W. Smith at the 22 November auction.", "(Adjusted for inflation: £370,000 in 2010, however, on eBay, twelve etchings failed to sell for $20 in 2009.).", "These mistakes may have come from a typesetting error under the plate.", "The book itself had set borders and the border of the etching may have been done by someone other than Mote.", "This could also mean that the etching itself may have been a team effort.", "There is no evidence that there was an etcher using the name Mote, and there was only one \"Mote\" mentioned in the auction sale of the original plates.", "\"WT\" were the initials of another engraver working on the same project, William Thomas Fry.", "The engraving for John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute has the same engraving appearing in two books.", "He appears in Lodges Illustrious Portraits with the brand WT Mote, but appeared a year earlier with the WH Mote brand.", "One of \"his\" final engravings is branded \"WH Mote co.\", where \"co.\" is assumed to be company, which would have included Mote's sons.", "Family\nWilliam Henry Mote was born to Christopher and Hannah Mote in 1803, who had a second son, Edward.", "This choice of names was in keeping with a family tradition, as followed by Christopher's brothers and uncles.", "William Henry Mote was baptized at St. John Horsley Down, Southwark, England.", "He married Mary Ann Bather (born 1799) and their marriage was announced in St George Hanover Square Parish Records.", "William Henry Mote died in 1871 in St. Johns, Middlesex, England.", "He was buried on 19 July 1871 in Highgate Cemetery of Saint James, Swains Lane, Saint Pancras, England.", "Children\n Daughter: Mary Ann Mote: born 22 November 1830.", "(Baptism, marriage to Reynolds, death after 1911 in a house her owned by her brother Edward, passed down from their father.", ").", "Son: William Henry Mote, Jr: Born 30 Aug 1832.", "Listed as engraver on census records, and lived for years in his fathers house.", "Son: Edward Mote Born 19 June 1834 at St. Pancras, London, Middlesex, England.", "Baptized on 9 July 1834.", "After his death, his son Edward Mote marketed himself as a portrait engraver, worked out of his father's house, and was listed in the 1884 and 1895 London Directories.", "Although Edward marketed himself as a portrait engraver for twenty five years after his father's death, there are no known surviving engravings attributed to Edward Mote.", "Sons engraving under their father's name\nWilliam Henry Mote produced volumes of etchings long before his sons would have been old enough to help.", "Census records and London business directories indicate that his sons listed steel etching as their profession, and they appear never to have left the family home.", "After WH's death, Edward listed his home address as the business address in the 1884 and 1895 London Directories.", "The sheer volume of etchings make it difficult to believe that Mote worked alone.", "There is at least one etching branded \"WH Mote co.\" and the \"company\" included his sons.", "The lack of known etchings from Mote's sons after their father's death may be due to the decline in the etching business following the introduction of cheaper illustration technology.", "King George III and King George IV\nKing George III and King George IV were both patrons of the arts.", "King George IV commented that art needs to be signed so that the people can tell good art from bad.", "It is unknown if this was tongue in cheek or if King George was sincere in this comment, but the result was that engravings were then marked by the engraver.", "Especially engravings from artists who wished to be inducted into the Royal Academy, or engravers already belonging to the Academy.", "Mote became a member of the Royal Academy in 1831, shortly after King George IV's death.", "Most of Mote's etchings are signed at the bottom right corner.", "If there is a different original artist for the engraved image, then Mote often put the original artists name on the left bottom side of the etching.", "Many of Mote's engravings were historical figures because these etchings were started by the royal family to share this art with the public through various publication.", "Royal woman (including Lady Blessington) often got involved in these projects.", "The \"beauty franchice books\", which created a perpetual glorification of beauty fell out of popularity by 1848 when Charles Heath died.", "Charles Heath died in debt to Lady Blessington for £700.", "Charles Heath and Mote\n\nThe Heath family was a publishing-engraving dynasty started by Charles Heath's father.", "Mote's engravings first appeared in the Heath family's publications.", "Charles Heath suffered some financial setbacks but his books are still being sold today.", "At one point Charles Heath took a former employer to court about his engravings, arguing that it was permissible for the engraver to keep between six and twelve impressions for himself.", "The English court agreed, and decided that the engravers were entitled to retain eight impressions of their work but could not sell these engravings until after their death, when they become part of the engraver's estate (The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 97).", "The Heaths hired Mote and appear to have launched his career.", "A professional relationship existed between Mote and Charles Heath for years, and Mote's engravings often appear in Heath publications including The Heaths Book of Beauty and its American counterpart The American Book of Beauty).", "The American Book of Beauty is known for mixing up etchings between books, with etching of one woman from the same book printed in different places.", "Later editions remove the descriptions under the etchings, and include two more women etched by Mote than the original edition.", "One of the etchings is known to be of a different woman then the story.", "Some editions have appeared to \"white\" out the Mote brand on the right corner, and the original artist's name, and subtitles to the etchings.", "Some believe this is an issue with cleaning the plates, but this does not account for the scrambled order of the book plates.", "Mote's etchings of marble statues and protests\nMote did some engravings for The Art Journal of famous marble statues.", "Most of the statues are unclothed.", "In protest of the \"nudity\" of the statues in The Art Journal, some people bought the publication in order to rip out the nude etchings and send them back to the publisher.", "The protest was a success in terms of sales, as all available copies were sold.", "There are no known Mote etchings of nude adults (two child cherubs are nude), other than the fuzzy representation of the nude statues.", "External Link\n An engraving of the portrait of by William Boxall for Heath’s Book of Beauty, 1836, with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.", "An engraving of by Kenny Meadows for Flowers of Loveliness, 1838, with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.", "Engravings of portraits by Alfred Edward Chalon in Heath's book of Beauty, 1839, with illustrative verse by Letitia Elizabeth Landon:\n\nReferences\n\n1803 births\n1871 deaths\nEngraving\nRoyal Academy\nEnglish engravers\nEnglish etchers" ]

[ "William Henry Mote was a British stipple and line engraver.", "He made etchings for reference books.", "His portraits hang in the National Portrait Gallery in London and he was a member of the Royal Academy.", "Life Mote was first mentioned in publications when he was sixteen or seventeen years old.", "He joined the Royal Academy at the age of twenty eight.", "He was one of the engravers who signed a petition to protest the limitation of engravers to distinction as \"associates\".", "His sons are listed in census records as engravers.", "Mote's sons worked under their father's name.", "After King George's death, he commissioned him to create an engraving for the hospital.", "Portraiture of royalty was often etched by Mote.", "A high percentage of his etchings found their way into publications produced by women.", "There are sixty five portrait engravings in the National Portrait Gallery.", "The portrait of Sir Rowland Hill was published in 1820 and is now in the National Portrait Gallery.", "There are etchings in the National Maritime Museum and fifteen engravings in the Farnsworth Shakespeare Collection.", "His engravings were printed in the publications of the Heaths.", "More books were produced thanks to new technology.", "The publication of annuals with etchings of beautiful women was a fad that lasted from 1823 to 1856.", "Many people turned etchings into wall art in the 1830s.", "Religious and art etchings were also produced by Mote.", "There are at least 101 portrait etchings by William Mote in various museums.", "Between 1824 and 1845, the heyday of steel engraved book illustration was, and a rapid expansion of this field took place in London around 1820.", "This was the same time as Mote's first known etching.", "He was an innovator with steel plate engravings because of his talent for etching but also because he was in the right place at the right time and worked for the right man.", "The 1865 minutes of the Royal Academy contained photographs.", "Steel etching was being replaced by newer technology as steel engravings were in decline.", "Steel etchings were used in mass-produced books as late as the 1920s.", "Currency uses steel etching.", "Some etchings attributed to Mote are labeled WT Mote.", "The etchings were probably done by WH Mote.", "Lodge's Illustrious Portraits contained these etchings.", "W. Smith bought the plates at the 22 November auction for $4,200.", "Twelve etchings failed to sell for $20 on eBay in 2009.", "The mistakes may have been caused by an error under the plate.", "The borders of the book and the etching may have been done by someone else.", "The etching may have been a team effort.", "There is no evidence that there was an etcher using the name Mote, and only one \"Mote\" was mentioned in the auction sale of the original plates.", "\"WT\" was the initials of another engraver, William Thomas Fry.", "Two books have the same engraving for John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute.", "He appeared in Lodges Illustrious Portraits with a different brand than the one he appeared with a year earlier.", "One of his final engravings is called \"WH Mote co.\", which is assumed to be company, which would have included Mote's sons.", "Christopher and Hannah Mote had a second son, Edward, who was born in 1803.", "Christopher's brothers and uncles followed in a family tradition with this choice of names.", "William Henry Mote was christened in England.", "His marriage to Mary Ann Bather was announced in the parish records.", "William Henry Mote died in England.", "He was buried in the Highgate Cemetery of Saint James in England in 1871.", "Mary Ann was born on November 22, 1830.", "She was married to Reynolds in a house she owned with her brother Edward.", ").", "William Henry Mote, Jr. was born on August 30, 1832.", "He lived in his father's house for years and was listed as an engraver on census records.", "Edward Mote was born at St. Pancras in London, England.", "On July 9, 1834, he was killed.", "Edward Mote worked out of his father's house and was listed in the 1884 and 1895 London Directories after his father's death.", "Edward marketed himself as a portrait engraver for twenty five years after his father's death, but there are no known surviving engravings attributed to him.", "The sons engraving under their father's name produced volumes of etchings before they were old enough to help.", "Census records and London business directories show that his sons listed steel etching as their profession and never left the family home.", "Edward listed his home address as the business address in the 1884 and 1895 London Directories.", "It's hard to believe that Mote worked alone.", "The company included his sons and there is at least one etching.", "The decline in the etching business may be the reason for the lack of known etchings from Mote's sons after their father's death.", "King George III and King George IV were patrons of the arts.", "King George IV wanted people to be able to tell good art from bad.", "It is not known if this was tongue in cheek or if King George was sincere in his comment, but the engravings were marked by the engraver.", "There are engravings from artists who wish to be in the Royal Academy.", "After King George IV's death, Mote became a member of the Royal Academy.", "The etchings are signed at the bottom right corner.", "The original artist's name is usually put on the left bottom side of the etching if there is a different original artist.", "Many of Mote's engravings were historical figures because they were started by the royal family to share their art with the public.", "Lady Blessington got involved in these projects.", "The \"beauty franchice books\", which glamorized beauty, fell out of popularity in the 19th century.", "Lady Blessington paid off Charles Heath's debt.", "Charles Heath's father started a publishing dynasty.", "The Heath family published engravings by Mote.", "Charles Heath's books are still being sold despite some financial setbacks.", "Charles Heath took a former employer to court to argue that it was permissible for the engraver to keep between six and twelve impressions for himself.", "The Gentleman's Magazine said that the English court decided that the engravers were entitled to retain eight impressions of their work but could not sell them until after their death.", "Mote appears to have started his career after being hired by the Heaths.", "Both The American Book of Beauty and The Heaths Book of Beauty contain engravings by Mote, who had a professional relationship with Charles Heath.", "The American Book of Beauty is known for mixing up etchings between books, with etching of one woman from the same book printed in different places.", "The later editions include two more women than the original edition, and remove the descriptions under the etchings.", "One of the etchings is believed to be of a different woman.", "The original artist's name, as well as subtitles to the etchings, can be seen in some editions.", "The issue with cleaning the plates does not account for the scrambled order of the book plates.", "Some engravings were done for The Art Journal of famous marble statues.", "The statues are not clothed.", "In protest of the nudity of the statues in The Art Journal, some people bought the publication in order to rip out the nude etchings and send them back to the publisher.", "All available copies of the protest were sold.", "There are two nude cherubs in the fuzzy representation of the nude statues, but there are no known Mote etchings of nude adults.", "There is an engraving of the portrait of William Boxall for the book of beauty.", "KennyMeadows created an engraving of flowers of loveliness with a poetical illustration.", "There are engravings of portraits by Alfred Edward Chalon in the book of Beauty." ]

[ "William Henry Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "William Mote", "Mote", "William Thomas", "William Henry", "William Henry", "Mote", "William Henry", "Mote", "William Henry", "Mote", "Edward Mote", "Edward Mote", "Edward Mote", "William Henry", "Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "William Boxall" ]

[ "William Henry Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "William Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "William Thomas", "William Henry", "Mote", "William Henry", "Mote", "William Henry", "Mote", "Edward Mote", "Edward Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "Mote", "William Boxall" ]

[ "Anne Preven (born February 25, 1965) is an American songwriter, musician, and record producer.", "As a member of the alternative rock band Ednaswap, she wrote \"Torn\" which was covered by Lis Sørensen (Danish), Trine Rein (Norwegian), and then Natalie Imbruglia (Australian) whose version became a worldwide number one airplay song, spending 11 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay Chart in the US.", "\"Torn\" has sold an estimated four million copies, it is certified platinum in three countries, and was declared the \"number one radio single of the 1990s\" by radio personality Rick Dees.", "As a songwriter, Preven has collaborated with some of the music industry's top artists including Madonna, Beyoncé, Katy Perry, Sinéad O'Connor, Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, Jordin Sparks, Zac Brown Band, Pnau, Andy Grammer, Lea Michele, Pixie Lott, and Westlife.", "Executive Music Producer on Amazon Prime's 2021 Cinderella.", "Early life\nPreven was born in New York.", "Her father, David Preven, is a psychiatrist in New York City, and she was a mental health-worker at age 17, where she spent time with depressed adolescents.", "The experience provided the \"psychotic and neurotic threads\" in her songwriting lyrics, as well as her college major.", "Career\nPreven graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College with a self-designed major: \"psychobiology.\"", "While at school, she sang with and was musical director of \"the Opportunes,\" Harvard's co-ed a cappella group.", "After Harvard, she returned to New York City, where she began writing her own songs.", "While in New York City, she met Scott Cutler who was visiting from Los Angeles.", "In 1991 she moved there.", "Cutler and Preven formed a band with Rusty Anderson, Paul Bushnell and Carla Azar in 1993.", "The band name, \"Ednaswap,\" came from a nightmare Preven had about watching herself in a band with that name getting booed off stage.", "Ednaswap signed a record deal in 1995, despite having only a few songs written and never having performed a full live set.", "They played a short, acoustic set in Cutler's living room.", "The short concert led to a recording contract, though the resulting self-titled album \"shocked\" Elektra Records.", "While the acoustic set suggested folk pop, the result was alternative rock.", "As Preven notes, \"They thought they were buying a red car and we gave them a blue one.\"", "The label did not promote the album and dropped the band.", "The band signed with Island Records in January 1996 after its president, Chris Blackwell, saw the band play at the Roxy.", "The band produced their second full-album, Wacko Magneto, with producer Dave Jerden in 1997.", "The band promoted the album by going on to tour with No Doubt, Weezer, Failure, and Better than Ezra.", "In 1998, they made a third and final, more radio-friendly album, Wonderland Park.", "Ednaswap disbanded after the album in 1999.", "After Ednaswap, Preven, Cutler and Coogan formed the short lived \"Annetenna\".", "The band signed with Columbia Records and produced an album.", "However, Columbia shelved the album after a company reorganization, and Annetenna subsequently disbanded.", "In 2001, the band eventually released all the songs for free through their website.", "Annetenna's song, \"74 Willow,\" originally an Ednaswap song, was featured on HBO's Six Feet Under.", "Preven's first big cut was \"Sanctuary\", which Madonna covered for her 1994 Bedtime Stories.", "Madonna was introduced to the song by a friend of Preven and Cutler, who heard an early version of it and thought \"Madonna would love this song!\"", "Madonna's version came out before Ednaswap had even received a record deal, and the song deviated from Preven's idea.", "Preven originally thought Madonna had ruined the song, going so far as to meeting with Madonna to plead for changes.", "However, upon hearing the song as part of the whole album, Preven says she \"understood what [Madonna] was going for.\"", "Preven and Cutler's most famous cover was the song, \"Torn\".", "The two co-wrote the song in 1993 with producer Phil Thornalley before they had a band.", "Preven claims that the lyrics were written quickly.", "The first album recording of the song came from Danish singer Lis Sørensen in 1995, who was introduced to the song by Thornalley.", "A second version arrived in 1996 by Trine Rein, who was also introduced to the song by Thornalley.", "Ednaswap released their first version of \"Torn\" on their self-titled album.", "A second version appeared on their 1996 EP Chicken, and a third more dirge-like version on Wacko Magneto.", "However, the song became famous through Natalie Imbruglia's 1997 version on her debut album, Left of the Middle.", "Imbruglia's version has been described as \"a defining song of its year, if not decade.\"", "The song dominated radioplay for weeks and Imbruglia's album went platinum in the UK and double platinum in the US, largely on the strength of \"Torn\".", "The song has appeared multiple times on television shows, such as Canadian Idol and X Factor.", "Although Preven was happy to hear her song on the radio, she was disappointed that it was Imbruglia's version rather than Ednaswap's that became so well known.", "In 1998, Ednaswap's fans petitioned KROQ, the LA radio station, to play the two side by side for comparison, with voters for the rock station heavily favoring Ednaswap's.", "However, the pop version won out more broadly.", "After the dissolution of Ednaswap and Annetenna, Preven increasingly wrote and produced for other artists.", "She worked with Cutler on Sinead O’Connor's 2000 Faith and Courage, and on Mandy Moore's 2001 self-titled album.", "They also wrote for Miley Cyrus, both as Hannah Montana on her Disney show, and on her first album, Breakout.", "Since then, she has worked with Katy Perry, Sinéad O'Connor, Demi Lovato, Jordin Sparks, Pixie Lott, Conway, Pnau, Adam Lambert, Lea Michele, Miranda Cosgrove, and Leona Lewis.", "In 2007, she (along with co-writers Cutler and Henry Krieger) was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award and won the Critic's Choice Award for Best Original Song for \"Listen\" from the motion picture adaptation of Dreamgirls.", "\"Listen\" was subsequently added to the stage production of Dreamgirls, which is currently playing at the Savoy Theatre on London's West End.", "In 2011, Preven was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media for her collaboration with Zac Brown Band on \"Where The River Goes\" from the movie Footloose.", "In 2009, she worked with Irish pop band Westlife for a track \"The Difference\" included in their Where We Are album where it charted #2 in both UK Albums Chart and Irish Albums Chart.", "In 2015, she began writing and producing music for film and television beginning with two songs, \"Come Clean\" and \"Dead Hider and Seeker,\" for the USA Network series Satisfaction.", "In 2016, she produced cover versions of Nina Simone's \"New World Coming\" and Sia's \"Hologram\", that were featured in the second season of Amazon Prime's series Transparent.", "In 2017, Preven co-wrote the song \"Zan Astam\", featured in the Amazon Prime series I Love Dick.", "In 2019, she served as music producer on the Transparent: Musicale Finale.", "For songwriting, Preven keeps a notebook with her and \"always jots down poetry and prose entries.\"", "She then goes back through them in the studio to try and see if anything in the journal can be matched with a melody she is working on to become lyrics.", "She finds that hit songs are often those that sound similar to other songs, but she rejects trying to \"genetically engineer\" a song formally, holding that such songs \"end up sounding like a ransom note.\"", "Pulse music group\nIn 2007, Preven and Cutler began their own music publishing company with record producer Josh Abraham, who founded Pulse Recording (recently renamed Pulse Music Group) in 2004.", "Pulse Music Group is the parent company of Pulse Music Publishing.", "Pulse describes itself as \"by musicians and for musicians,\" and strives to be a \"sanctuary\" for artists to explore their creative potential.", "In 2012, the company established a partnership with Creative Nation, the Nashville-based music management and publishing company owned by songwriter Luke Laird and his wife Beth Laird.", "After forming a partnership with Fuji Music Group in 2014, PULSE expanded its client roster to include Christian “Bloodshy” Karlsson, BØRNS, Gallant, Starrah, El-P of Run The Jewels, DRAM (rapper), RY X, and Kaytranada among others.", "The company's other major ventures include music producer Rick Rubin's first music publishing company, American Songs, and Marc Anthony's Latin entertainment company Magnus Media.", "Pulse operates two recording studios, one based at its headquarters in Los Angeles, and four studios based in Burbank, California.", "Personal life\nPreven lives in Los Angeles.", "She has two children: Max and Violet.", "Discography\n\nSelected songwriting discography\n\nSelected production discography\n\nAwards and nominations\nGrammy Awards\nGrammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media (\"Where The River Goes\") (Nominee)\nBroadcast Film Critics Association Award\nBest Song (\"Listen\") (Winner)\nAcademy Award\nBest Song (\"Listen\") (Nominee)\nGolden Globe Award\nBest Song (\"Listen\") (Nominee)\nBlack Reel Awards\nBest Song (\"Listen\") (Nominee)\nSatellite Award\nBest Original Song (\"Listen\") (Nominee)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nLiving people\nHarvard College alumni\nAmerican rock singers\nSongwriters from New York (state)\nWomen rock singers\n21st-century American women singers\nEdnaswap members\n1965 births\nAnnetenna members\n21st-century American singers" ]

[ "Anne Preven is an American musician and record producer.", "Natalie Imbruglia's version of \"Torn\" became a worldwide number one song and was covered by three other people.", "\"Torn\" was declared the \"number one radio single of the 1990s\" by Rick Dees and has sold four million copies.", "Preven has collaborated with many of the top artists in the music industry, including Madonna, Britney Spears, and Selena Gomez.", "Amazon Prime's 2021 Cinderella has an executive music producer.", "Preven was born in New York.", "She was a mental health worker at the age of 17 and spent time with depressed adolescents.", "The experience provided the \"psychotic and neurotic threads\" in her college major.", "Preven graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College with a self-designed major.", "She was the musical director of Harvard's co-ed a cappella group.", "She wrote her own songs after returning to New York City.", "She was in New York City when she met Scott.", "She moved there in 1991.", "The band was formed in 1993 by Cutler and Preven.", "Preven had a nightmare when she was in a band with that name getting booed off stage.", "Despite having only a few songs written and never having performed a full live set, he signed a record deal in 1995.", "They played an acoustic set in the living room.", "The album \"shocked\" Elektra Records after the short concert led to a recording contract.", "Alternative rock was the result of the acoustic set.", "Preven says that they gave them a blue car because they thought they were buying a red car.", "The band was dropped by the label.", "The president of Island Records saw the band play at the Roxy and decided to sign them.", "Dave Jerden was the producer of the band's second album.", "The band went on tour with other bands to promote the album.", "They made a third and final album in 1998.", "The album was the last one by Ednaswap.", "The short lived \"Annetenna\" was formed by Preven, Cutler and Coogan.", "The band produced an album.", "The album was put on hold by Columbia after a company reorganization.", "The band released their songs for free on their website in 2001.", "Annetenna's song \"74 willow\" was featured on Six Feet Under.", "Madonna covered \"Sanctuary\" for her 1994 Bedtime Stories.", "Madonna was introduced to the song by a friend who heard an early version and thought \"Madonna would love this song!\"", "Madonna's version deviated from Preven's idea when it came out.", "Preven thought Madonna had ruined the song and went so far as to meet with her to plead for changes.", "Preven says she understood what Madonna was going for when she heard the song as part of the album.", "The song \"Torn\" was the most famous cover.", "The song was written by the two before they had a band.", "Preven claims that the lyrics were written quickly.", "The first album recording of the song was made in 1995 by a singer named Lis Srensen, who was introduced to the song by Thornalley.", "The second version of the song arrived in 1996 by Trine Rein, who was introduced to the song by Thornalley.", "The first version of \"Torn\" was released by Edna swap.", "There were three versions of Chicken, one of which was a dirge-like version.", "Natalie Imbruglia's 1997 version of the song became famous.", "Imbruglia's version has been described as a defining song of its year.", "The strength of \"Torn\" helped Imbruglia's album go double Platinum in the US and Platinum in the UK.", "The song has appeared on several television shows.", "Preven was happy to hear her song on the radio, but she was disappointed that it was Imbruglia's version that became well known.", "The LA radio station KROQ was petitioned to play the two sides of the story, with voters favoring the rock station.", "The pop version won out more broadly.", "Preven wrote and produced for other artists after the dissolution of Annetenna.", "She worked on the 2000 Faith and Courage album and the 2001 self-titled album.", "They wrote for Hannah Montana on her Disney show and her first album.", "Since then, she has worked with a lot of people.", "In 2007, she was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award and won the Critic's Choice Award for Best Original Song for \"Listen\" from the motion picture adaptation of Dreamgirls.", "\"Listen\" was added to the stage production of Dreamgirls, which is currently playing at the Savoy Theatre on London's West End.", "Preven was nominated for a gramophone award for her song \"Where The River Goes\" from the movie Footloose.", "In 2009, she worked with Westlife for a track called \"The Difference\" that was included in the band's Where We Are album.", "She began writing and producing music for film and television in 2015, beginning with two songs, \"Come Clean\" and \"Dead Hider and Seeker.\"", "The cover versions of \"New World Coming\" and \"Hologram\" were used in the second season of Amazon Prime's series \"Transparent\".", "The song \"Zan Astam\" was co-written by Preven and featured in the Amazon Prime series I Love Dick.", "She was a music producer on the finale of the show.", "Preven keeps a notebook with her for writing.", "She goes back to the studio to see if she can match the journal with the melody she is working on.", "She finds that hit songs are often those that sound similar to other songs, but she rejects trying to \"genetically engineer\" a song formally, holding that such songs \"end up sounding like a ransom note.\"", "In 2007, Preven and Cutler founded their own music publishing company with Josh Abraham, who founded Pulse Recording in 2004.", "The parent company of Pulse Music Publishing is the Pulse Music Group.", "It strives to be a sanctuary for artists to explore their creative potential, as it describes itself as \"by musicians and for musicians.\"", "In 2012 the company established a partnership with Creative Nation, a Nashville-based music management and publishing company.", "Christian \"Bloodshy\" Karlsson, BRNS, Gallant, Starrah, El-P of Run The Jewels, RY X, and Kaytranada are just a few of the clients that have been added by PULSE after forming a partnership with Fuji Music Group.", "Rick Rubin's first music publishing company, American Songs, is one of the company's major ventures.", "There are two recording studios in Los Angeles and one in Burbank.", "Preven lives in Los Angeles.", "She has two children.", "The song \"Listen\" was nominated for an Academy Award and won a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award." ]

[ "Anne Preven", "David Preven", "Preven", "Annetenna", "Annetenna", "Preven", "Anne", "Preven", "Preven", "Preven" ]

[ "Anne Preven", "Preven", "Preven", "Preven", "Preven", "Annetenna", "Anneten", "Preven", "Preven" ]

[ "Tu Youyou (; born 30 December 1930) is a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and malariologist.", "She discovered artemisinin (also known as , ) and dihydroartemisinin, used to treat malaria, a breakthrough in twentieth-century tropical medicine, saving millions of lives in South China, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America.", "For her work, Tu received the 2011 Lasker Award in clinical medicine and the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura.", "Tu is the first Chinese Nobel laureate in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize in any category.", "She is also the first Chinese person to receive the Lasker Award.", "Tu was born, educated and carried out her research exclusively in China.", "Early life \nTu was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China, on 30 December 1930.", "She attended Xiaoshi Middle School for junior high school and the first year of high school, before transferring to Ningbo Middle School in 1948.", "A tuberculosis infection interrupted her high-school education, but inspired her to go into medical research.", "From 1951 to 1955, she attended Peking University Medical School / Beijing Medical College.", "In 1955, Youyou Tu graduated from Beijing Medical University School of Pharmacy and continued her research on Chinese herbal medicine in the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.", "Tu studied at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and graduated in 1955.", "Later Tu was trained for two and a half years in traditional Chinese medicine.", "After graduation, Tu worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (now the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences) in Beijing.", "Research career \nTu carried on her work in the 1960s and 70s, including during China's Cultural Revolution.", "Schistosomiasis \nDuring her early years in research, Tu studied Lobelia chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine for curing schistosomiasis, caused by trematodes which infect the urinary tract or the intestines, which was widespread in the first half of the 20th century in South China.", "Malaria \n\nIn 1967, during the Vietnam War, President Ho Chi Minh of North Vietnam asked Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai for help in developing a malaria treatment for his soldiers trooping down the Ho Chi Minh trail, where a majority came down with a form of malaria which is resistant to chloroquine.", "Because malaria was also a major cause of death in China's southern provinces, especially Guangdong, and Guangxi, Zhou Enlai convinced Mao Zedong to set up a secret drug discovery project named Project 523 after its starting date, 23May 1967.", "In early 1969, Tu was appointed head of the Project 523 research group at her institute.", "Tu was initially sent to Hainan where she studied patients who had been infected with the disease.", "Scientists worldwide had screened over 240,000 compounds without success.", "In 1969, Tu, then 39 years old, had an idea of screening Chinese herbs.", "She first investigated the Chinese medical classics in history, visiting practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine all over the country on her own.", "She gathered her findings in a notebook called A Collection of Single Practical Prescriptions for Anti-Malaria.", "Her notebook summarized 640 prescriptions.", "By 1971, her team had screened over 2,000 traditional Chinese recipes and made 380 herbal extracts, from some 200 herbs, which were tested on mice.", "One compound was effective, sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua), which was used for \"intermittent fevers,\" a hallmark of malaria.", "As Tu also presented at the project seminar, its preparation was described in a 1,600-year-old text, in a recipe titled, \"Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up One's Sleeve\".", "At first, it was ineffective because they extracted it with traditional boiling water.", "Tu Youyou discovered that a low-temperature extraction process could be used to isolate an effective antimalarial substance from the plant; Tu says she was influenced by a traditional Chinese herbal medicine source, The Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency Treatments, written in 340 by Ge Hong, which states that this herb should be steeped in cold water.", "This book contained the direction to immerse a handful of qinghao in the equivalent of 0.4 litres of water, wring out the juice and drink it all.", "After rereading the recipe, Tu realised the hot water had already damaged the active ingredient in the plant; therefore she proposed a method using low-temperature ether to extract the effective compound instead.", "The animal tests showed it was completely effective in mice and monkeys.", "In 1972, she and her colleagues obtained the pure substance and named it qinghaosu (青蒿素), or artemisinin as it is known in English, which has saved millions of lives, especially in the developing world.", "Tu also studied the chemical structure and pharmacology of artemisinin.", "Tu's group first determined the chemical structure of artemisinin.", "In 1973, Tu wanted to confirm the carbonyl group in the artemisinin molecule, therefore she accidentally synthesized dihydroartemisinin.", "Furthermore, Tu volunteered to be the first human subject.", "\"As head of this research group, I had the responsibility\" she said.", "It was safe, so she conducted successful clinical trials with human patients.", "Her work was published anonymously in 1977.", "In 1981, she presented the findings relating to artemisinin at a meeting with the World Health Organization.", "For her work on malaria, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine on 5 October 2015.", "Later career \nShe was promoted to a Researcher (, the highest researcher rank in mainland China equivalent to the academic rank of a full professor) in 1980 shortly after the Chinese economic reform began in 1978.", "In 2001 she was promoted to academic advisor for doctoral candidates.", "Currently she is the chief scientist in the academy.", "As of 2007, her office is in an old apartment building in Dongcheng District, Beijing.", "Before 2011, Tu Youyou had been obscure for decades, and is described as \"almost completely forgotten by people\".", "Tu is regarded as the \"Three-Without Scientist\" – no postgraduate degree (there was no postgraduate education then in China), no study or research experience abroad, and not a member of either of the Chinese national academies, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering.", "Tu is now regarded as a representative figure of the first generation of Chinese medical workers since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.", "Personal life \nTu and her husband, Li Tingzhao (), a metallurgical engineer, live in Beijing.", "Li was Tu's classmate at Xiaoshi Middle School.", "They have two daughters.", "Tu's maternal grandfather, Yao Yongbai (姚咏白), was the first Director of National Treasury Administration after its reform.", "Her uncle, Yao Qingsan (姚庆三), was an economist and banker.", "Awards and honours \n 1978, National Science Congress Prize, P.R.", "China\n 1979, National Inventor's Prize, P.R.", "China\n 1992, (One of the) Ten Science and Technology Achievements in China, State Science Commission, P.R.", "China\n 1997, (Two of the) Ten Great Public Health Achievements in New China, P.R.", "China\n September 2011, GlaxoSmithKline Outstanding Achievement Award in Life Science\n September 2011, Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award\n November 2011, Outstanding Contribution Award, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences\n February 2012, (One of the Ten) National Outstanding Women, P.R.", "China (March 8th Red Banner Pacesetter)\n June 2015, Warren Alpert Foundation Prize (co-recipient)\n October 2015, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 (co-recipient) for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria, awarded one half of this prize; and William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura jointly awarded another half for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infection with roundworm parasites." ]

[ "Tu Youyou was born on December 30, 1930.", "Millions of lives were saved in South China, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America when artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin were discovered.", "Tu received the Lasker Award in clinical medicine and the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her work.", "Tu is the first woman from the People's Republic of China to win a prize in any category.", "She is the first Chinese person to receive the award.", "Tu carried out her research in China, where she was born and educated.", "Tu was born in China on December 30, 1930.", "She attended Xiaoshi Middle School for junior high school and the first year of high school before transferring to Ningbo Middle School.", "She was inspired to go into medical research after being bitten by a Tuberculosis bug.", "She attended Beijing Medical College from 1951 to 1955.", "In 1955, Youyou Tu graduated from Beijing Medical University School of Pharmacy and continued her research on Chinese herbal medicine in the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.", "Tu graduated from the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1955.", "Tu was trained for two and a half years in traditional Chinese medicine.", "Tu worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing after graduation.", "During China's Cultural Revolution, Tu worked on her research career.", "In the first half of the 20th century in South China, there wereoldids caused by trematodes, a traditional Chinese medicine for curing schistosomiasis.", "During the Vietnam War, President Ho Chi Minh of North Vietnam asked Zhou Enlai of the Chinese government for help in developing a treatment for Malaria, which was resistant to chloroquine.", "Zhou Enlai convinced Mao to set up a secret drug discovery project after he realized that Malaria was a major cause of death in China's southern provinces.", "Tu was appointed head of the research group in 1969.", "Patients who had been exposed to the disease were studied by Tu.", "Over 240,000 compounds were screened by scientists.", "In 1969 Tu had an idea of screening Chinese herbs.", "She investigated the Chinese medical classics in history, visiting practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine all over the country on her own.", "A Collection of Single Practical Prescriptions for Anti-Malaria was the notebook she used to gather her findings.", "She summarized the prescriptions in her notebook.", "By 1971, her team had screened over 2,000 traditional Chinese recipes and made over 400 herbal extracts, which were tested on mice.", "One compound that was effective was sweet wormwood.", "The preparation was described in a recipe in a 1,600-year-old text as Tu presented at the project seminar.", "They used traditional boiling water to extract it.", "Tu says she was influenced by a traditional Chinese herbal medicine source, The Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency Treatments, which states that this herb can be isolated from the plant.", "The book instructed to immerse a handful of qinghao in the equivalent of 0.4 litres of water, wring out the juice and drink it all.", "Tu proposed a method using low-temperature ether to extract the effective compound after she realized the hot water had already damaged the active ingredient in the plant.", "It was effective in both mice and monkeys.", "In 1972, she and her colleagues obtained the pure substance and named it qinghaosu, or artemisinin, which has saved millions of lives in the developing world.", "Tu studied the structure and function of artemisinin.", "The chemical structure of artemisinin was determined by Tu's group.", "Tu accidentally made dihydroartemisinin when she wanted to confirm the carbonyl group in the artemisinin molecule.", "Tu volunteered to be the first human subject.", "She said that she had the responsibility as head of the research group.", "She conducted successful trials with humans.", "Her work was published in 1977.", "She presented the findings relating to artemisinin to the World Health Organization.", "She was awarded the prize for her work on the disease.", "After the Chinese economic reform began in 1978, she was promoted to a researcher, the highest researcher rank in mainland China.", "She was promoted to academic advisor in 2001.", "She is the chief scientist.", "Her office is located in an old apartment building in Beijing.", "Tu Youyou was almost completely forgotten by people before 2011.", "Tu was not a member of either of the Chinese national academies, the Chinese Academy of Sciences or the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and he did not have a postgraduate degree.", "Tu is seen as a representation of the first generation of Chinese medical workers since the establishment of the People's Republic of China.", "Tu and her husband live in Beijing.", "Li was a friend of Tu's.", "They have two children.", "The first Director of National Treasury Administration after its reform was Tu's maternal grandfather.", "Her uncle was an economist.", "The National Science Congress Prize was awarded in 1978.", "The National Inventor's Prize was awarded in China in 1979.", "One of the ten science and technology achievements in China was in 1992.", "In 1997 there were two great public health achievements in New China.", "The Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award and the Outstanding Contribution Award were given by the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.", "The Warren Alpert Foundation Prize for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria was one half of the prize." ]

[ "Tu Youyo", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Youyou", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu Youyo", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu Youyo", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu" ]

[ "Tu Youyo", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Youyou", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu Youyo", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu", "Tu" ]

[ "Bob Berry (born November 29, 1943) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League with the Montreal Canadiens and Los Angeles Kings between 1968 and 1977.", "He has also served as a head coach in the NHL for the Los Angeles Kings, Montreal Canadiens, Pittsburgh Penguins and St. Louis Blues between 1978 and 1994.", "Playing career\nBorn in Montreal, Quebec, Berry began his junior hockey career with the Peterborough Petes of the OHA before deciding to attend Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University) in Montreal where he would play three years of collegiate hockey in the OQAA (now CIS).", "In 1966 Berry joined Canada's National Hockey Team and was later signed by the Montreal Canadiens to his first professional contract in 1968 at age 25.", "With the Canadiens having a deep roster at left wing, Berry would only manage to suit up for two games with the Canadiens in 1968-69.", "He spent the following year playing in the AHL for the Montreal Voyageurs and the Canadiens eventually sold his rights to the Los Angeles Kings in 1970 giving him a better opportunity to earn a spot on an NHL roster.", "Berry joined the Los Angeles Kings the following year in 1970-71 and registered 63 points in 73 games in his rookie season, placing him only 9 points back of eventual Calder Trophy winner Gil Perreault of the Buffalo Sabres.", "In 1972-73 Berry scored a career high 36 goals with the Kings and was selected to play in his first NHL All-Star game on January 30, 1973 at Madison Square Garden in New York.", "Berry was selected to play in the All-Star game again the following year at the Chicago Stadium.", "He finished his NHL career with 350 points in 541 regular season games.", "Coaching career\n\nLos Angeles Kings\nAfter retiring as a player in 1978 with the AHL's Springfield Indians, he returned to Los Angeles to become the eighth head coach in Kings history in 1978-79.", "He led the Kings to the Stanley Cup playoffs in each of his three seasons behind the bench.", "However, in each of those years from 1978–79 to 1980–81 they were defeated in the opening round of the playoffs.", "Berry eventually resigned as head coach at the end of the 1980–81 campaign after the Kings posted a 43W–24L–13T record and lost to the New York Rangers in the preliminary round.", "Despite his lack of success in the playoffs, Berry is credited with giving rise to the famed \"Triple Crown Line\" during his tenure as head coach, putting Marcel Dionne, Charlie Simmer and Dave Taylor on the same line for the very first time in a game at Joe Louis Arena in 1979 vs. the Detroit Red Wings.", "Montreal Canadiens\nHe moved on to take the head coaching assignment in his hometown of Montreal replacing Claude Ruel behind the Canadiens bench to start the 1981–82 NHL season.", "Despite winning 46 and 42 games respectively in his first two years at the helm, His Canadiens were eliminated in the first round of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1981–82 (by the Quebec Nordiques) and in 1982–83 (by the Buffalo Sabres).", "This would mark the fifth straight season he would lose in the first round of the playoffs as a head coach.", "With the team playing below .500 in his third year behind the bench in 1983–84, he was eventually fired by the Canadiens and was replaced by Jacques Lemaire 63 games into the season.", "To date, he is the last non-interim Canadiens coach who was not fully bilingual in English and French, though he spoke French well enough to have a simple conversation.", "Pittsburgh Penguins\nHe was named the 9th head coach in Pittsburgh Penguins history on June 4, 1984 a mere 5 days prior to the 1984 NHL Entry Draft that was held at the Montreal Forum in which Pittsburgh Penguins general manager Eddie Johnston selected Mario Lemieux 1st overall from the Laval Voisins of the QMJHL.", "Even though\nBerry's new team drafted their future franchise player, he inherited a Penguins team that had failed to reach the playoffs the previous two seasons.", "That streak continued under his guidance for the next three seasons as the Penguins missed reaching the playoffs for the fifth straight year in 1986-87.", "He was eventually relieved of his head coaching position at the end of the 1986–87 NHL season on April 13, 1987.", "St. Louis Blues\nHe returned to coaching for the 1988–89 NHL season after a two-year hiatus, this time joining the St. Louis Blues coaching staff as an assistant with Joe Micheletti under head coach Brian Sutter.", "He finally got a taste of playoff success behind the bench as his team defeated the Minnesota North Stars in the opening round of the playoffs 4–1.", "The Blues then faced their rival, the Chicago Blackhawks in round 2 but lost that series in five games.", "The Blues qualified for the playoffs in the following three seasons.", "However, they were unable to advance past the second round in either of those years.", "Berry was appointed assistant GM of the Blues under GM Ron Caron in the summer before the start of the 1992–93 season.", "The Blues then hired former St. Louis defenceman Bob Plager to take over the head coaching duties.", "After the Blues got off to a slow start Plager stepped down after a 6–4 victory over Berry's former team, the Pittsburgh Penguins, on October 30, 1992.", "He took over the head coaching duties after Plager's departure and from there he helped the Blues reach the playoffs once again in the spring of 1993.", "The Blues swept the Chicago Blackhawks in the first round, and he finally made it to the second round of the post-season as a head coach in the NHL.", "However, his post-season success, as well as the Blues,' was short lived as Berry's team was knocked out in the second round by the Toronto Maple Leafs in a hard fought 7 games series that went the distance.", "He remained on as head coach of the Blues the next season with Ted Sator joining the fold as an assistant.", "The Blues made the playoffs once again but were swept in the first round by the Dallas Stars.", "The St. Louis Blues then named Mike Keenan head coach to start the 1994-95 NHL season with Berry and Sator staying on staff as associate coaches.", "It remained status quo for the Blues with Keenan and Berry behind the bench as they failed to advance past the second round the following two seasons.", "1995–96 would be his final season behind the Blues bench.", "San Jose Sharks\nIn San Jose, his was hired on as an assistant under head coach Darryl Sutter to replace the departed Roy Sommer, teaming up with former Calgary Flame tough guy Paul Baxter who was already in place as Sutter's other assistant.", "He spent two seasons in San Jose as an assistant under Sutter before retiring as a coach in 1999-2000.", "Front office\nHe currently serves as a pro scout for the Chicago Blackhawks.", "He has also served as a pro scout in the NHL for the Los Angeles Kings, St. Louis Blues and Ottawa Senators.", "Awards and achievements\n Scored first ever goal at Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver Canucks inaugural NHL game, October 9, 1970.", "Played in 26th annual NHL All-Star game, January 30, 1973.", "(Madison Square Garden) New York, NY.", "Played in 27th annual NHL All-Star game, January 29, 1974.", "(Chicago Stadium) Chicago, IL.", "Career statistics\n\nRegular season and playoffs\n\nCoaching record\n\nTransactions\n Sold by the Montreal Canadiens to the Los Angeles Kings, October 8, 1970.", "References\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1943 births\nLiving people\nAnglophone Quebec people\nCanadian ice hockey coaches\nCanadian ice hockey left wingers\nChicago Blackhawks scouts\nCleveland Barons (1937–1973) players\nIce hockey people from Quebec\nLos Angeles Kings coaches\nLos Angeles Kings players\nLos Angeles Kings scouts\nMontreal Canadiens coaches\nMontreal Canadiens players\nMontreal Canadiens scouts\nMontreal Voyageurs players\nOttawa Senators scouts\nPeterborough Petes (ice hockey) players\nPittsburgh Penguins coaches\nSt. Louis Blues coaches\nSt. Louis Blues executives\nSt. Louis Blues scouts\nSan Jose Sharks coaches\nSportspeople from Montreal\nSpringfield Indians players" ]

[ "Bob Berry was born in 1943 and played eight seasons in the National Hockey League with the Los Angeles Kings and the Montreal Habs.", "He was a head coach in the NHL for the Los Angeles Kings, Montreal Canadiens, Pittsburgh Penguins and St. Louis Blues between 1978 and 1994.", "Berry began his junior hockey career with the OHA before deciding to attend Sir George Williams University in Montreal where he would play three years of collegiate hockey in the OQAA.", "Berry joined the Canada's National Hockey Team in 1966 at the age of 25 and went on to sign his first professional contract at the age of 25.", "Berry was only able to play in two games for the Habs due to the deep roster at left wing.", "He was able to earn a spot on an NHL roster after the Los Angeles Kings sold his rights to the Montreal Canadiens in 1970.", "In his first season with the Los Angeles Kings in 1970-71, Berry had 63 points in 73 games and was only 9 points back of Gil Perreault of the Buffalo Sabres.", "Berry was selected to play in his first NHL All-Star game in New York on January 30, 1973, after scoring a career high 36 goals with the Kings.", "Berry was selected to play in the All-Star game again the following year.", "He had 350 points in 541 regular season games in the NHL.", "After retiring as a player in 1978 with the Springfield Indians, he returned to Los Angeles to become the eighth head coach in Kings history.", "He led the Kings to the Stanley Cup playoffs in each of his three seasons.", "They were defeated in the opening round of the playoffs in each of those years.", "After the Kings posted a 43W– 24L–13T record and lost to the New York Rangers in the preliminary round, Berry resigned as head coach.", "Despite his lack of success in the playoffs, Berry is credited with giving rise to the famed \"Triple Crown Line\" during his tenure as head coach, putting Marcel Dionne, Charlie Simmer and Dave Taylor on the same line for the very first time in a game at Joe Louis Arena in 1979", "He took the head coaching job in his hometown of Montreal, replacing Claude Ruel at the start of the 1981–82 NHL season.", "Despite winning 46 and 42 games in his first two years at the helm, the Habs were eliminated in the first round of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1981 and 1982.", "He has lost in the first round of the playoffs five times as a head coach.", "He was replaced by Jacques Lemaire 63 games into the season after the team played below.500 in his third year behind the bench.", "He spoke French well enough to have a simple conversation, but he was not fully bilingual.", "He was named the 9th head coach in Pittsburgh Penguins history on June 4, 1984 a mere 5 days prior to the 1984 NHL Entry Draft at the Montreal Forum in which Mario Lemieux was selected 1st overall from the Laval Voisins.", "Even though Berry's new team drafted their future franchise player, they had failed to reach the playoffs the previous two seasons.", "The streak of missed playoffs for the fifth straight year in 1986-87 continued under his guidance for the next three seasons.", "At the end of the 1986–87 NHL season, he was relieved of his head coaching position.", "He rejoined the coaching staff of the St. Louis Blues for the 1988–89 NHL season after a two-year hiatus.", "He finally got a taste of playoff success as his team defeated the Minnesota North Stars in the opening round of the playoffs.", "The Blues faced the Chicago Blackhawks in the second round but lost in five games.", "The Blues qualified for the playoffs three times.", "They were unable to advance past 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217", "Before the start of the 1992–93 season, Berry was appointed assistant GM of the Blues.", "Bob Plager was hired by the Blues to be their head coach.", "Plager stepped down after a 6–4 victory over Berry's former team, the Pittsburgh Penguins, on October 30, 1992.", "After Plager's departure, he took over the head coaching duties and helped the Blues reach the playoffs again in 1993.", "He made it to the second round of the post-season as a head coach in the NHL after the Blues swept Chicago in the first round.", "Berry's team was knocked out in the second round of the playoffs by the Toronto Maple Leafs in a hard fought 7 game series that went the distance.", "Ted Sator became an assistant to the head coach of the Blues the next season.", "The Dallas Stars swept the Blues in the first round of the playoffs.", "The Blues started the 1994-95 NHL season with Berry and Sator as associate coaches.", "The Blues failed to advance past the second round the following two seasons, despite the fact that Keenan and Berry were behind the bench.", "His last season on the Blues bench was 1995.", "He was hired as an assistant to the head coach in San Jose to replace the departed Roy Sommer, and he was joined by a former Flames tough guy who was already in place.", "He was an assistant coach in San Jose for two seasons before retiring.", "He is a pro scout for the Chicago Blackhawks.", "He was a pro scout for the Los Angeles Kings and St. Louis Blues in the NHL.", "The first goal in the history of the NHL was scored at the Pacific Coliseum in 1970.", "The NHL All-Star game was played on January 30, 1973.", "The Madison Square Garden is in New York.", "The NHL All-Star game was played on January 29, 1974.", "The stadium is in Chicago, Illinois.", "Career statistics Regular season and playoffs Coaching record Transactions sold by the Montreal Canadiens to the Los Angeles Kings", "References External links 1943 births Living people Anglophone Quebec people Canadian ice hockey coaches" ]

[ "Bob Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Bob Pr", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry" ]

[ "Bob Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Bob P", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry", "Berry" ]