Datasets:

rcds

/

wikipedia-persons-masked

like 2

456093

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Press

Frank Press

Frank Press (December 4, 1924 – January 29, 2020) was an American geophysicist. He was an advisor to four U.S. presidents, and later served two consecutive terms as president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1981–1993). He was the author of 160 scientific papers and co-author of the textbooks Earth and Understanding Earth. Press served on the President's Science Advisory Committee during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, and was appointed by President Richard Nixon to the National Science Board. In 1977 he was appointed President Jimmy Carter's Science Advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, serving until 1981. Early life and career Born in Brooklyn, New York, Press graduated with a B.S. degree from the City College of New York (1944) and completed his M.A. (1946) and Ph.D. (1949) degrees at Columbia University under Maurice "Doc" Ewing. As one of Ewing's two assistant professors, (with J. Lamar "Joe" Worzel as the other) Press was a co-founder of Lamont Geological Observatory (now Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) in Palisades, N.Y. Originally trained as an oceanographer, Press participated in research cruises on the sailing vessels RV Vema and RV Atlantis. In the early 1950s, Press turned to seismology, co-authoring with Ewing and Jardetzky a seminal monograph on elastic waves in layered media. In 1957, Press was recruited by Caltech to succeed founder Beno Gutenberg as director of the Seismological Laboratory, a position in which he remained until 1965. The appointment was controversial in that it passed over both Hugo Benioff and Charles Richter, then the laboratory's senior professors, for a much younger outsider. Press' accomplishments in this period include the design of a long-period seismograph, and the first detection of the Earth's normal modes of oscillation ("bell ringing"), excited by the Great Chilean earthquake, a pioneering application of digital processing to seismic recordings. Press was also closely involved in the construction of a lunar seismograph, first deployed by the Apollo 11 astronauts (see Lunar seismology). Later career In 1965, Press moved to MIT as department head of Earth and Planetary Sciences, where, with significant support from philanthropist Cecil H. Green, he revitalized what had been an overly traditional geology department by hiring new faculty members. He remained at MIT until 1976, and during this time, his work included collaborations with Vladimir Keilis-Borok and Leon Knopoff on computer pattern matching techniques that could be applied to earthquake prediction. In 1976, Press became Science Advisor to President Jimmy Carter and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. He played a key role in the formation of the National Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People’s Republic of China. In 1981 he was elected president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and was re-elected in 1987, serving for a total of 12 years. In 1996, Press co-founded WAG (the Washington Advisory Group, later known as the Advisory Group at Huron), a global consulting company with clients that included approximately 50 leading universities. WAG played a notable role all phases of the founding of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. Press chaired that university's international advisory committee until 2010. Press is the recipient of 30 honorary degrees. Named in his honor are Mount Press, which in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica; and Osedax frankpressi, a species of whalebone-eating marine worm. Notable accomplishments President of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1981–1993) Chairman of the National Research Council (1981–1993) Science Advisor to the President of the United States, Office of Science and Technology Policy (1977–1981) Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy (1977–1981) Professor of Geophysics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Chairman of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Professor of Geophysics at California Institute of Technology and Director of the Caltech Seismological Laboratory Life Member of the Corporation of MIT Board member of the Rockefeller University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Member of the advisory council of CRDF Global Named three times most influential American scientist in annual surveys by U.S. News and World Report Personal life He was the father of physicist William H. Press. Awards U.S. National Medal of Science Vannevar Bush Award Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1962) Gold Medal, Royal Astronomical Society (1971) Pupin Medal, Columbia University Maurice Ewing Medal of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (1982) Japan Prize from the Emperor of Japan (1993) Lomonosov Gold Medal, Russian Academy of Sciences (1997) Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur, France Pick and Gavel Award, Association of American State Geologists (2007) Publications Press, F. and R. Siever. (2001). Understanding Earth. W.H. Freeman. Press, F. (1998). The role of geoscientists in providing credible advice to government officials. Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, 30(7): 247. Press, F. (1995). Growing up in the Golden Age of Science. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 23: 1–9. Press, F. and Allen, C. (1995). Patterns of seismic release in the Southern California region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(B4): 6421–6430. Press, F. (1995). Needed: Coherent budgeting for science and technology. Science, 270(5241): 1448-1450. Press, F. (1994). The restructuring of science in research universities in the post-industrial society. Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, 26(7): 154. Press, F. (1991). Geoscience education as viewed from the National Academy of Sciences. Journal of Geological Education, 39(2): 98-100. Press, F. (1991). Science and the public welfare. Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 22(3): 93. Press, F. (1990). The role of education in technological competitiveness. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life Long Learning, 1(4): 311–318. DOI: 10.1504/IJCEELL.1991.030366. Press, F. (1988). An international decade for natural disaster reduction. USGS Open-File Report No. 88-0361, pp. 53–61. Press, F. and R. Siever. (1986). Earth. W.H. Freeman. Press, F. (1984). Science and creationism. Geotimes, 29(5): 9. Press, F. (1981). Science and technology in the White House, 1977 to 1980; Part 1. Science, 211(4478): 139–145. Press, F. (1981). Science and technology in the White House, 1977 to 1980; Part 2. Science, 211(4479): 249–256. Press, F. (1975.) Earthquake Prediction. Scientific American, 232(5): 14–23. Press, F. (1974). Structure of the Earth and Moon: A Comparison. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 55(4): 323. Press, F. (1972). The Earth and the Moon. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 34(8): 732. Press, F. and D.T. Griggs. (1959). Probing the earth with nuclear explosions. Rand Corporation. Issued by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as UCRL-6013. Press, F. (1949).Two applications of normal mode sound propagation in the ocean, Columbia University Ph.D.; via ProQuest; oclc: 6364305. References American Institute of Physics, "Frank Press", Array of Contemporary American Physicists. Judith R. Goodstein, "A Conversation with Frank Press" Physics in Perspective, 6: 184–196. (2004). Caltech Oral Histories, "Interview with Frank Press" (April 15, 1983). American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archive, "Oral History Transcript – Dr. Frank Press" SEG Virtual Geoscience Center, "Biographies: Frank Press" MIT News, "Press Wins Japan Prize" (March 17, 1993). Notes External links McNutt, Marcia, "Frank Press (1924–2020)", Science, March 6, 2020. (Vol. 367, Issue 6482, pp. 1077 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2626) |- 1924 births 2020 deaths American geophysicists American seismologists Columbia University alumni Columbia University faculty Foreign Members of the Royal Society Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Foreign Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Jewish American scientists Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory people Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts Members of the French Academy of Sciences Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences National Medal of Science laureates Office of Science and Technology Policy officials Presidents of the United States National Academy of Sciences Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society Scientists from Brooklyn Vannevar Bush Award recipients

<mask> (December 4, 1924 – January 29, 2020) was an American geophysicist. He was an advisor to four U.S. presidents, and later served two consecutive terms as president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1981–1993). He was the author of 160 scientific papers and co-author of the textbooks Earth and Understanding Earth. <mask> served on the President's Science Advisory Committee during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, and was appointed by President Richard Nixon to the National Science Board. In 1977 he was appointed President Jimmy Carter's Science Advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, serving until 1981. Early life and career Born in Brooklyn, New York, <mask> graduated with a B.S. degree from the City College of New York (1944) and completed his M.A.(1946) and Ph.D. (1949) degrees at Columbia University under Maurice "Doc" Ewing. As one of Ewing's two assistant professors, (with J. Lamar "Joe" Worzel as the other) <mask> was a co-founder of Lamont Geological Observatory (now Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) in Palisades, N.Y. Originally trained as an oceanographer, <mask> participated in research cruises on the sailing vessels RV Vema and RV Atlantis. In the early 1950s, <mask> turned to seismology, co-authoring with Ewing and Jardetzky a seminal monograph on elastic waves in layered media. In 1957, <mask> was recruited by Caltech to succeed founder Beno Gutenberg as director of the Seismological Laboratory, a position in which he remained until 1965. The appointment was controversial in that it passed over both Hugo Benioff and Charles Richter, then the laboratory's senior professors, for a much younger outsider. <mask>' accomplishments in this period include the design of a long-period seismograph, and the first detection of the Earth's normal modes of oscillation ("bell ringing"), excited by the Great Chilean earthquake, a pioneering application of digital processing to seismic recordings.<mask> was also closely involved in the construction of a lunar seismograph, first deployed by the Apollo 11 astronauts (see Lunar seismology). Later career In 1965, <mask> moved to MIT as department head of Earth and Planetary Sciences, where, with significant support from philanthropist Cecil H. Green, he revitalized what had been an overly traditional geology department by hiring new faculty members. He remained at MIT until 1976, and during this time, his work included collaborations with Vladimir Keilis-Borok and Leon Knopoff on computer pattern matching techniques that could be applied to earthquake prediction. In 1976, <mask> became Science Advisor to President Jimmy Carter and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. He played a key role in the formation of the National Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People’s Republic of China. In 1981 he was elected president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and was re-elected in 1987, serving for a total of 12 years. In 1996, <mask> co-founded WAG (the Washington Advisory Group, later known as the Advisory Group at Huron), a global consulting company with clients that included approximately 50 leading universities.WAG played a notable role all phases of the founding of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. <mask> chaired that university's international advisory committee until 2010. <mask> is the recipient of 30 honorary degrees. Named in his honor are <mask>, which in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica; and Osedax frankpressi, a species of whalebone-eating marine worm. Notable accomplishments President of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1981–1993) Chairman of the National Research Council (1981–1993) Science Advisor to the President of the United States, Office of Science and Technology Policy (1977–1981) Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy (1977–1981) Professor of Geophysics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Chairman of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Professor of Geophysics at California Institute of Technology and Director of the Caltech Seismological Laboratory Life Member of the Corporation of MIT Board member of the Rockefeller University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Member of the advisory council of CRDF Global Named three times most influential American scientist in annual surveys by U.S. News and World Report Personal life He was the father of physicist William H. <mask>. Awards U.S. National Medal of Science Vannevar Bush Award Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1962) Gold Medal, Royal Astronomical Society (1971) Pupin Medal, Columbia University Maurice Ewing Medal of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (1982) Japan Prize from the Emperor of Japan (1993) Lomonosov Gold Medal, Russian Academy of Sciences (1997) Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur, France Pick and Gavel Award, Association of American State Geologists (2007) Publications Press, F. and R. Siever. (2001).Understanding Earth. W.H. Freeman. <mask>, F. (1998). The role of geoscientists in providing credible advice to government officials. Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, 30(7): 247. <mask>, F. (1995).Growing up in the Golden Age of Science. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 23: 1–9. <mask>, F. and Allen, C. (1995). Patterns of seismic release in the Southern California region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(B4): 6421–6430. <mask>, F. (1995). Needed: Coherent budgeting for science and technology.Science, 270(5241): 1448-1450. <mask>, F. (1994). The restructuring of science in research universities in the post-industrial society. Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, 26(7): 154. <mask>, F. (1991). Geoscience education as viewed from the National Academy of Sciences. Journal of Geological Education, 39(2): 98-100.<mask>, F. (1991). Science and the public welfare. Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 22(3): 93. <mask>, F. (1990). The role of education in technological competitiveness. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life Long Learning, 1(4): 311–318. DOI: 10.1504/IJCEELL.1991.030366.<mask>, F. (1988). An international decade for natural disaster reduction. USGS Open-File Report No. 88-0361, pp. 53–61. <mask>, F. and R. Siever. (1986).Earth. W.H. Freeman. <mask>, F. (1984). Science and creationism. Geotimes, 29(5): 9. <mask>, F. (1981).Science and technology in the White House, 1977 to 1980; Part 1. Science, 211(4478): 139–145. <mask>, F. (1981). Science and technology in the White House, 1977 to 1980; Part 2. Science, 211(4479): 249–256. <mask>, F. (1975.)Earthquake Prediction. Scientific American, 232(5): 14–23. <mask>, F. (1974). Structure of the Earth and Moon: A Comparison. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 55(4): 323. <mask>, F. (1972). The Earth and the Moon.Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 34(8): 732. <mask>, F. and D.T. Griggs. (1959). Probing the earth with nuclear explosions. Rand Corporation. Issued by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as UCRL-6013.<mask>, F. (1949).Two applications of normal mode sound propagation in the ocean, Columbia University Ph.D.; via ProQuest; oclc: 6364305. References American Institute of Physics, "Frank <mask>", Array of Contemporary American Physicists. Judith R. Goodstein, "A Conversation with <mask>" Physics in Perspective, 6: 184–196. (2004). Caltech Oral Histories, "Interview with <mask>" (April 15, 1983). American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archive, "Oral History Transcript – Dr. <mask>" SEG Virtual Geoscience Center, "Biographies: <mask>" MIT News, "Press Wins Japan Prize" (March 17, 1993). Notes External links McNutt, Marcia, "<mask> (1924–2020)", Science, March 6, 2020.(Vol. 367, Issue 6482, pp. 1077 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2626) |- 1924 births 2020 deaths American geophysicists American seismologists Columbia University alumni Columbia University faculty Foreign Members of the Royal Society Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Foreign Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Jewish American scientists Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory people Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts Members of the French Academy of Sciences Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences National Medal of Science laureates Office of Science and Technology Policy officials Presidents of the United States National Academy of Sciences Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society Scientists from Brooklyn Vannevar Bush Award recipients

<mask> lived from December 4, 1924 to January 29, 2020. He served two terms as president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and was an advisor to four U.S. presidents. He co-authored the textbooks Earth and Understanding Earth. President Richard Nixon appointed <mask> to the National Science Board after he served on the President's Science Advisory Committee. He was the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy from 1981 to 1977. <mask> was born in New York and graduated with a B.S. He obtained his M.A. from the City College of New York.Maurice "Doc" Ewing received degrees at Columbia University. One of the two assistant professors was <mask>, who was a co- founder of the Lamont Geological Observatory in New York. <mask> was trained as an oceanographer and participated in research cruises on the RV Vema and RV Atlantis. The seminal monograph on elastic waves in layers of media was co-authored by <mask> and Ewing and Jardetzky. Caltech recruited <mask> in 1957 to succeed Beno Gutenberg as the director of the Seismological Laboratory. The appointment was controversial because it passed over two of the laboratory's senior professors for a younger person. <mask>' accomplishments in this period include the design of a long-period seismograph, the first detection of the Earth's normal modes of ringing, and the application of digital processing to seismic recordings.<mask> was involved in the construction of the lunar seismograph, which was used by the Apollo 11 astronauts. In 1965, <mask> moved to MIT as department head of Earth and Planetary Sciences, where he rejuvenated the department by hiring new faculty. During his time at MIT, he collaborated with other people on computer pattern matching techniques that could be used to predict earthquakes. In 1976, <mask> became the director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. He was involved in the formation of the National Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China. He was re-elected in 1987 after serving 12 years as president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. In 1996, <mask> co-founded WAG, a global consulting company with clients that included approximately 50 leading universities.The founding of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia was made possible by WAG. The international advisory committee was chaired by <mask>. <mask> received 30 degrees. <mask> is a species of whalebone-eating marine worm, named after him. The President of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences was the Chairman of the National Research Council and the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The Vannevar Bush Award, the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, the Pupin Medal, the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, and the Japan Prize from the Emperor of Japan are some of the awards. The year 2001.Understanding the planet. W.H. There is a man named Freeman. F. Press. The role ofgeosciences is to provide credible advice to government officials. The Geological Society of America has an abstract with programs. <mask>, F.Growing up in the golden age of science. The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences was published in 1993. <mask> and Allen wrote a novel. There are patterns of earthquakes in the Southern California region. The Journal of Geophysical Research is a journal. <mask>, F. Coherent budgeting for science and technology is needed.Science, 270(5241). F. Press. Science is being restructured in universities in the post-industrial society. The Geological Society of America has an abstract with programs. Press, F. The National Academy of Sciences has a view on geoscience education. The Journal of Geological Education is a journal.Press, F. Public welfare and science. There are earthquakes and volcanos. F. Press. Education has a role to play in technological competitiveness. The International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life Long Learning is a journal. IJCEELL.1991.030366 is a DOI.<mask>, F. Natural disaster reduction is an international decade. There is an open-file report from the US Geological Survey. pp. 53–61 Press and Siever. The year 1986.Earth. W.H. There is a man named Freeman. F. Press. Science and creationism are related. There is a 29(5): 9 article in thegeotimes. Press, F.Science and technology in the White House from 1977 to 1980. Science, 211(4478): 135–145 Press, F. Science and technology in the White House from 1977 to 1980. Science, 241(4549): 257–279. <mask>, F. The year 1975.There is an earthquake prediction. Scientific American, 232(5): 14–23. F<mask> was born in 1974. The structure of the Earth and Moon is compared. The American Geophysical Union has 55(4). <mask>, F. The Earth and the Moon.The New York Academy of Sciences has a Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences. Press and D.T. Griggs. The year 1959 Nuclear detonations on the earth. The company is called the Rand Corporation. It was issued by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.There are two applications of normal mode sound propagation in the ocean. "<mask> Press" is a reference to the American Institute of Physics. "A Conversation with <mask>" was written by Judith R. Goodstein. They did it in 2004. "Interview with <mask>" was written by Caltech. The American Institute of Physics has an oral history transcript of Dr. <mask>. "<mask> (1924–2020)", Science, March 6, 2020.There is a vol. 335, Issue 6482, pp. Columbia University faculty Foreign Members of the Royal Society Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Jewish American scientists

20733547

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Veryard

Richard Veryard

Richard Veryard FRSA (born 1955) is a British computer scientist, author and business consultant, known for his work on service-oriented architecture and the service-based business. Biography Veryard attended Sevenoaks School from 1966 to 1972, where he attended classes by Gerd Sommerhoff. He received his MA Mathematics and Philosophy from Merton College, Oxford, in 1976, and his MSc Computing Science at the Imperial College London in 1977. Later he also received his MBA from the Open University in 1992. Veryard started his career in industry working for Data Logic Limited, Middlesex, UK, where he first developed and taught public data analysis courses. After years of practical experience in this field, he wrote his first book about this topic in 1984. In 1987 he became an IT consultant with James Martin Associates (JMA), specializing in the practical problems of planning and implementing information systems. After the European operation of JMA were acquired by the Texas Instruments, he became a Principal Consultant in the Software Business and a member of Group Technical Staff. At Texas Instruments he was one of the developers of IE\Q, a proprietary methodology for software quality management. Since 1997 he is freelance consultant under the flag of Veryard Projects Ltd. Since 2006 he is a principal consultant at CBDi, a research forum for service-oriented architecture and engineering. Veryard has taught courses at City University, Brunel University and the Copenhagen Business School, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in London. Work Pragmatic data analysis, 1984 In "Pragmatic data analysis" (1984) Veryard presented data analysis as a branch of systems analysis, which shared the same principles. His position on data modelling would appear to be implicit in the term data analysis. He presented two philosophical attitudes towards data modeling, which he called "semantic relativism and semantic absolutism. According to the absolutist way of thinking, there is only one correct or ideal way of modeling anything: each object in the real world must be represented by a particular construct. Semantic relativism, on the other hand, believe that most things in the real world can be modeled in many different ways, using basic constructs". Veryard further examined the problem of the discovery of classes and objects. This may proceed from a number of different models, that capture the requirements of the problem domain. Abbott (1983) proposed that each search starts from a textual description of the problem. Ward (1989) and Seidewitz and Stark (1986) suggested starting from the products of structured analysis, namely data flow diagrams. Veryard examined the same problem from the perspective of data modeling. Veryard made the point, that the modeler has some choice in whether to use an entity, relationship or attribute to represent a given universe of discourse (UoD) concept. This justifies a common position, that "data models of the same UoD may differ, but the differences are the result of shortcomings in the data modeling language. The argument is that data modeling is essentially descriptive, but that current data modeling languages allow some choice in how the description is documented." Economics of Information Systems and Software, 1991 In the 1991 book "The Economics of Information Systems and Software", edited by Veryard, experts from various areas, including business administration, project management, software engineering and economics, contribute their expertise concerning the economics of systems software, including evaluation of benefits, types of information and project costs and management. Information Coordination, 1993 In the 1993 book "Information Coordination: The Management of Information Models, Systems, and Organizations" Veryard gives a snapshot of the state of the art around these subjects. "Maximizing the value of corporate data depends upon being able to manage information models both within and between businesses. A centralized information model is not appropriate for many organizations," Veryard explains. His book "takes the approach that multiple information models exist and the differences and links between them have to be managed. Coordination is currently an area of both intensive theoretical speculation and of practical research and development. Information Coordination explains practical guidelines for information management, both from on-going research and from recent field experience with CASE tools and methods". Enterprise Modelling Methodology In the 1990s Veryard worked together in an Enterprise Computing Project and developed a version of Business Relationship Modelling specifically for Open Distributed Processing, under the name Enterprise Modelling Methodology/Open Distributed Processing (EMM/ODP). EMM/ODP proposed some new techniques and method extensions for enterprise modelling for distributed systems. Component-based business In 2001 Veryard introduced the concept of "component-based business". Component-based business relates to new business architectures, in which "an enterprise is configured as a dynamic network of components providing business services to one another". In the new millennium there has been "a phenomenal growth in this kind of new autonomous business services, fuelled largely by the internet and e-business". The concept of "component-Based Business constitutes a radical challenge to traditional notions of strategy, planning, requirements, quality and change, and tries to help you improve how you think through the practical difficulties and opportunities of the component-based business". This applied to both hardware and software, and to business relationships. Veryard's subsequent work on organic planning for SOA has been referenced by a number of authors. Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture, 2013 In "Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture" Veryard describes business architecture as "a practice (or collection of practices) associated with business performance, strategy and structure." And furthermore about the main task of the business architect: The business architect is expected to take responsibility for some set of stakeholder concerns, in collaboration with a number of related business and architectural roles, including • business strategy planning, business change management, business analysis, etc. • business operations, business excellence, etc. • enterprise architecture, solution architecture, data/process architecture, systems architecture, etc. Conventional accounts of business architecture are often framed within a particular agenda - especially an IT-driven agenda. Many enterprise architecture frameworks follow this agenda, and this affects how they describe business architecture and its relationship with other architectures (such as IT systems architecture). Indeed, business architecture is often seen as little more than a precursor to system architecture - an attempt to derive systems requirements. Publications Richard Veryard. Pragmatic data analysis. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984. Richard Veryard (ed.). The Economics of information systems and software. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991. Richard Veryard. Information modelling : practical guidance. New York : Prentice Hall, 1992. Richard Veryard. Information coordination : the management of information models, systems, and organizations. New York : Prentice Hall, 1994. Richard Veryard. Component-based business : plug and play. London : Springer, 2001. Richard Veryard. Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture, 2013 Articles, papers, book chapters, etc., a selection: Richard Veryard (2000). Reasoning about systems and their properties. In: Peter Henderson (ed) Systems Engineering for Business Process Change, Springer-Verlag, 2002* Richard Veryard. "Business-Driven SOA," CBDI Journal, May–June 2004 References External links Richard Veryard Home page List of recent publications by Richard Veryard. 1955 births Living people British computer scientists Information systems researchers Enterprise modelling experts People educated at Sevenoaks School Alumni of Merton College, Oxford Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts Alumni of the Department of Computing, Imperial College London

<mask> FRSA (born 1955) is a British computer scientist, author and business consultant, known for his work on service-oriented architecture and the service-based business. Biography <mask> attended Sevenoaks School from 1966 to 1972, where he attended classes by Gerd Sommerhoff. He received his MA Mathematics and Philosophy from Merton College, Oxford, in 1976, and his MSc Computing Science at the Imperial College London in 1977. Later he also received his MBA from the Open University in 1992. <mask> started his career in industry working for Data Logic Limited, Middlesex, UK, where he first developed and taught public data analysis courses. After years of practical experience in this field, he wrote his first book about this topic in 1984. In 1987 he became an IT consultant with James Martin Associates (JMA), specializing in the practical problems of planning and implementing information systems.After the European operation of JMA were acquired by the Texas Instruments, he became a Principal Consultant in the Software Business and a member of Group Technical Staff. At Texas Instruments he was one of the developers of IE\Q, a proprietary methodology for software quality management. Since 1997 he is freelance consultant under the flag of Veryard Projects Ltd. Since 2006 he is a principal consultant at CBDi, a research forum for service-oriented architecture and engineering. <mask> has taught courses at City University, Brunel University and the Copenhagen Business School, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in London. Work Pragmatic data analysis, 1984 In "Pragmatic data analysis" (1984) <mask> presented data analysis as a branch of systems analysis, which shared the same principles. His position on data modelling would appear to be implicit in the term data analysis.He presented two philosophical attitudes towards data modeling, which he called "semantic relativism and semantic absolutism. According to the absolutist way of thinking, there is only one correct or ideal way of modeling anything: each object in the real world must be represented by a particular construct. Semantic relativism, on the other hand, believe that most things in the real world can be modeled in many different ways, using basic constructs". Veryard further examined the problem of the discovery of classes and objects. This may proceed from a number of different models, that capture the requirements of the problem domain. Abbott (1983) proposed that each search starts from a textual description of the problem. Ward (1989) and Seidewitz and Stark (1986) suggested starting from the products of structured analysis, namely data flow diagrams.Veryard examined the same problem from the perspective of data modeling. Veryard made the point, that the modeler has some choice in whether to use an entity, relationship or attribute to represent a given universe of discourse (UoD) concept. This justifies a common position, that "data models of the same UoD may differ, but the differences are the result of shortcomings in the data modeling language. The argument is that data modeling is essentially descriptive, but that current data modeling languages allow some choice in how the description is documented." Economics of Information Systems and Software, 1991 In the 1991 book "The Economics of Information Systems and Software", edited by Veryard, experts from various areas, including business administration, project management, software engineering and economics, contribute their expertise concerning the economics of systems software, including evaluation of benefits, types of information and project costs and management. Information Coordination, 1993 In the 1993 book "Information Coordination: The Management of Information Models, Systems, and Organizations" Veryard gives a snapshot of the state of the art around these subjects. "Maximizing the value of corporate data depends upon being able to manage information models both within and between businesses.A centralized information model is not appropriate for many organizations," <mask> explains. His book "takes the approach that multiple information models exist and the differences and links between them have to be managed. Coordination is currently an area of both intensive theoretical speculation and of practical research and development. Information Coordination explains practical guidelines for information management, both from on-going research and from recent field experience with CASE tools and methods". Enterprise Modelling Methodology In the 1990s Veryard worked together in an Enterprise Computing Project and developed a version of Business Relationship Modelling specifically for Open Distributed Processing, under the name Enterprise Modelling Methodology/Open Distributed Processing (EMM/ODP). EMM/ODP proposed some new techniques and method extensions for enterprise modelling for distributed systems. Component-based business In 2001 Veryard introduced the concept of "component-based business".Component-based business relates to new business architectures, in which "an enterprise is configured as a dynamic network of components providing business services to one another". In the new millennium there has been "a phenomenal growth in this kind of new autonomous business services, fuelled largely by the internet and e-business". The concept of "component-Based Business constitutes a radical challenge to traditional notions of strategy, planning, requirements, quality and change, and tries to help you improve how you think through the practical difficulties and opportunities of the component-based business". This applied to both hardware and software, and to business relationships. <mask>'s subsequent work on organic planning for SOA has been referenced by a number of authors. Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture, 2013 In "Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture" <mask> describes business architecture as "a practice (or collection of practices) associated with business performance, strategy and structure." And furthermore about the main task of the business architect: The business architect is expected to take responsibility for some set of stakeholder concerns, in collaboration with a number of related business and architectural roles, including • business strategy planning, business change management, business analysis, etc.• business operations, business excellence, etc. • enterprise architecture, solution architecture, data/process architecture, systems architecture, etc. Conventional accounts of business architecture are often framed within a particular agenda - especially an IT-driven agenda. Many enterprise architecture frameworks follow this agenda, and this affects how they describe business architecture and its relationship with other architectures (such as IT systems architecture). Indeed, business architecture is often seen as little more than a precursor to system architecture - an attempt to derive systems requirements. Publications <mask>. Pragmatic data analysis.Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984. <mask> (ed.). The Economics of information systems and software. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991. <mask>. Information modelling : practical guidance. New York : Prentice Hall, 1992.<mask>. Information coordination : the management of information models, systems, and organizations. New York : Prentice Hall, 1994. <mask>. Component-based business : plug and play. London : Springer, 2001. <mask>.Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture, 2013 Articles, papers, book chapters, etc., a selection: <mask> (2000). Reasoning about systems and their properties. In: Peter Henderson (ed) Systems Engineering for Business Process Change, Springer-Verlag, 2002* <mask>. "Business-Driven SOA," CBDI Journal, May–June 2004 References External links <mask> Home page List of recent publications by <mask>. 1955 births Living people British computer scientists Information systems researchers Enterprise modelling experts People educated at Sevenoaks School Alumni of Merton College, Oxford Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts Alumni of the Department of Computing, Imperial College London

<mask> is a British computer scientist, author and business consultant who is known for his work on service-oriented architecture and the service-based business. <mask> was a student at Sevenoaks School from 1966 to 1972. He received his MA Mathematics and Philosophy from Oxford in 1976, and his MSc Computing Science from Imperial College London in 1977. He received his masters degree from the Open University. After working in the industry, <mask> started teaching public data analysis courses. He wrote his first book about this topic in 1984. The practical problems of planning and implementing information systems were the subject of his work as an IT consultant.After the European operation of JMA was acquired by Texas Instruments, he became a Principal Consultant in the Software Business and a member of Group Technical Staff. He was one of the developers of IEQ at Texas Instruments. He is a consultant for Veryard Projects. He is a consultant at the research forum for service-oriented architecture and engineering. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in London, Veryard has taught courses at a number of universities. In 1984 Veryard presented data analysis as a branch of systems analysis, which shared the same principles. His position on data modelling appears to be implicit in the term data analysis.He said that there were two attitudes towards data modeling. Each object in the real world must be represented by a particular construct according to the absolutist way of thinking. Semantic relativism believes that most things in the real world can be modeled in many different ways using basic constructs. The discovery of classes and objects was examined further by Veryard. There are a number of different models that capture the requirements of the problem domain. Abbott proposed that each search begins with a description of the problem. Data flow diagrams were suggested by Ward (1989) and Seidewitz and Stark (1986).The problem was looked at from the perspective of data modeling. The modeler has the option of using an entity, relationship or attribute to represent the UoD concept. Data models of the same UoD may differ, but the differences are the result of flaws in the data modeling language. Current data modeling languages allow some choice in how the description is documented, but the argument is that data modeling is simply descriptive. In the 1991 book "The Economics of Information Systems and Software", experts from various areas, including business administration, project management, software engineering and economics, contribute their expertise concerning the economics of systems software, including evaluation of benefits. In the 1993 book "Information Coordination: The Management of Information Models, Systems, and Organizations" Veryard gives a snapshot of the state of the art around these subjects. "Maximizing the value of corporate data depends on being able to manage information models both within and between businesses."<mask> says that a centralized information model is not appropriate for many organizations. His book takes the approach that multiple information models exist and the differences and links between them have to be managed. Coordination is an area of both theoretical speculation and practical research. Practical guidelines for information management can be found in Information Coordination. A version of Business Relationship Modelling was developed by <mask> in the 1990s under the name EMM/ODP. Extensions for enterprise modelling for distributed systems were proposed by EMM/ODP. The concept of component-based business was introduced in 2001.New business architectures include component-based business, in which an enterprise is configured as a dynamic network of components providing business services to one another. The internet and e-business have spurred a huge growth in this kind of new business services in the new millennium. Component-Based Business is a radical challenge to traditional notions of strategy, planning, requirements, quality and change, and tries to help you improve how you think through the practical difficulties and opportunities of the component-based business. Hardware and software were applied. A number of authors have cited Veryard's work on organic planning. Business architecture is a collection of practices associated with business performance, strategy and structure according to Veryard. The main task of the business architect is to take responsibility for some set of stakeholder concerns, in collaboration with a number of related business and architectural roles.Business operations, business excellence, etc. enterprise architecture, solution architecture, data/process architecture, systems architecture, etc. Conventional accounts of business architecture are often framed within an IT-driven agenda. This agenda affects how enterprise architecture frameworks describe business architecture and its relationship with other architectures. Business architecture is often seen as a way to derive systems requirements. <mask> has publications. Data analysis.Blackwell Scientific Publications was published in Oxford in 1984. <mask> was the author. Information systems and software economics. The Oxford edition of Butterworth-Heinemann was published in 1991. <mask>. Practical guidance is provided by information modelling. Prentice Hall was in New York in 1992.<mask>. Information coordination is the management of information models, systems and organizations. Prentice Hall was in New York. <mask>. Plug and play is a component-based business. Springer, 2001. <mask>.A selection of <mask>'s six viewpoints of business architecture. Reasoning about systems. <mask> is the author of Systems Engineering for Business Process Change. References External links <mask> Home page List of recent publications The Royal Society of Arts Alumni of the Department of Computing are some of the people who were born in 1955.

675172

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Bell

Charles Bell

Sir Charles Bell (12 November 177428 April 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian. He is noted for discovering the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves in the spinal cord. He is also noted for describing Bell's palsy. His three older brothers included Robert Bell (1757–1816) a Writer to the Signet, John Bell (1763–1820), also a noted surgeon and writer; and the advocate George Joseph Bell (1770–1843) who became a professor of law at the University of Edinburgh and a principal clerk at the Court of Session. Early life and education Charles Bell was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774, as the fourth son of the Reverend William Bell, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. Charles's father died in 1779 when he was five years old, and thus his mother had a profound influence on his early life, teaching him how to read and write. In addition to this, his mother also helped Charles's natural artistic ability by paying for his regular drawing and painting lessons from David Allan, a well-known Scottish painter. Charles Bell grew up in Edinburgh, and attended the prestigious High School (1784–88). Although he was not a particularly good student, Charles decided to follow in his brother John's footsteps and enter a career in medicine. In 1792, Charles Bell enrolled at the University of Edinburgh and began assisting his brother John as a surgical apprentice. While at the university, Bell attended the lectures of Dugald Stewart on the subject of spiritual philosophy. These lectures had considerable impact on Bell, for some of Stewart's teachings can be traced in Bell's later works in a passage on his Treatise on the Hand. In addition to classes on anatomy, Bell took a course on the art of drawing in order to refine his artistic skill. At the university he was also a member of the Royal Medical Society as a student and spoke at the Society's centenary celebrations in 1837. In 1798, Bell graduated from the University of Edinburgh and soon after was admitted to the Edinburgh College of Surgeons where he taught anatomy and operated at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. While developing his talents as a surgeon, Bell's interests forayed into a field combining anatomy and art. His inherent talent as an artist came to the fore when he helped his brother complete a four-volume work called The Anatomy of the Human Body. Charles Bell completely wrote and illustrated volumes 3 and 4 in 1803, as well as publishing his own set of illustrations in a System of Dissections in 1798 and 1799. Furthermore, Bell used his clinical experience and artistic eye to develop the hobby of modelling interesting medical cases in wax. He proceeded to accumulate an extensive collection that he dubbed his Museum of Anatomy, some items of which can still be seen today at Surgeon's Hall. Charles Bell's stay in Edinburgh did not last long due to an infamous feud between John Bell and two faculty members at the University of Edinburgh: Alexander Monro Secundus and John Gregory. John Gregory was the chairman of the Royal Infirmary and had declared that only six full-time surgical staff members would be appointed to work at the infirmary. The Bell brothers were not selected and thus barred from practicing medicine at the Royal Infirmary. Charles Bell, who was not directly involved in his brother's feuds, attempted to make a deal with the faculty of the University of Edinburgh by offering the university one hundred guineas and his Museum of Anatomy in exchange for allowing him to observe and sketch the operations performed at the Royal Infirmary, but this deal was rejected. Professional career In 1804, Charles Bell left for London and in 1805 had established himself in the city by buying a house on Leicester Street. From this house Bell taught classes in anatomy and surgery for medical students, doctors, and artists. In 1809, Bell was among a number of civilian surgeons who volunteered to attend to the many thousands of ill and wounded soldiers who had retreated to Corunna, and 6 years later he again voluntarily attended to the ill and wounded in the aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo. Regrettably, of Bell's 12 amputation cases, only one man survived. In addition to the amputation surgeries, Bell was quite fascinated by musket-ball injuries and in 1814, he published a Dissertation on Gunshot Wounds. A number of his illustrations of the wounds are displayed in the hall of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. In 1811, Charles Bell married Marion Shaw. Using money from his wife's dowry, Bell purchased a share of the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy which had been founded by the anatomist William Hunter. Bell transferred his practice from his house to the Windmill Street School Bell ended up teaching students and conducting his own research until 1824. In 1813–14, he was appointed as a member of the London College of Surgeons and as a surgeon at the Middlesex Hospital. In addition to his domestic pursuits, Bell also served as a military surgeon, making elaborate recordings of neurological injuries at the Royal Hospital Haslar and famously documenting his experiences at Waterloo in 1815. For three consecutive days and nights, he operated on French soldiers in the Gens d'Armerie Hospital. The condition of the French soldiers was quite poor, and thus many of his patients died shortly after he operated on them. Dr Robert Knox, who was one of Bell's surgical assistants at Brussels, was critical of Bell's surgical skills and commented rather negatively on Bell's surgical abilities; (the mortality rate of amputations carried out by Bell ran at about 90%). Bell was instrumental in the creation of the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, and became, in 1824, the first professor of Anatomy and Surgery of the College of Surgeons in London. In that same year Bell sold his collection of over 3,000 wax preparations to the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh for £3000. In 1829, the Windmill Street School of Anatomy was incorporated into the new King's College London. Bell was invited to be its first professor of physiology, and helped establish the Medical School at the University of London, gave the inaugural address when it formally opened, and even helped contribute to the requirements of its certification program. Bell's stay at the Medical School did not last long and he resigned from his chair due to differences of opinion with the academic staff. For the next seven years, Bell gave clinical lectures at the Middlesex Hospital and in 1835 he accepted the position of the Chair of Surgery at the University of Edinburgh following the premature death of Prof John William Turner. He was made a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1833. Bell died at Hallow Park near Worcester in the Midlands, while travelling from Edinburgh to London, in 1842. He is buried in Hallow Churchyard near Worcester. Honours and awards Bell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 8 June 1807, on the nomination of Robert Jameson, William Wright and Thomas Macknight. He served as a Councillor of the RSE from 1836 to 1839. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London on 16 November 1826, and was awarded the Royal Society's gold medal for his numerous discoveries in science. Bell was knighted as a Knight of the Guelphic Order of Hanover in 1831 and, like Sir Richard Owen, was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Works Charles Bell was a prolific author who combined his anatomical knowledge with his artistic eye to produce a number of highly detailed and beautifully illustrated books. In 1799, Bell published his first work "A System of Dissections, explaining the Anatomy of the Human Body, the manner of displaying Parts and their Varieties in Disease". His second work was the completion of his brother's four-volume set of "The Anatomy of the Human Body" in 1803. In that same year, Bell published his three series of engravings titled "Engravings of the Arteries", "Engravings of the Brain", and "Engravings of the Nerves". These set of engravings consisted of intricate and detailed anatomical diagrams accompanied with labels and a brief description of their functionality in the human body and were published as an educational tool for aspiring medical students. The "Engravings of the Brain" are of particular importance for this marked Bell's first published attempt at fully elucidating the organization of the nervous system. In his introduction to the work, Bell comments on the ambiguous nature of the brain and its inner workings, a topic that would hold his interest for the remainder of his life. In 1806, with his eye on a teaching post at the Royal Academy, Bell published his Essays on The Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806), later re-published as Essays on The Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression in 1824. In this work, Bell followed the principles of natural theology, asserting the existence of a uniquely human system of facial muscles in the service of a human species with a unique relationship to the Creator, ideals which paralleled with those of William Paley. After the failure of his application (Sir Thomas Lawrence, later President of the Royal Academy, described Bell as "lacking in temper, modesty and judgement"), Bell turned his attentions to the nervous system. Bell published detailed studies of the nervous system in 1811, in his privately circulated book An Idea of a New Anatomy of the Brain. In this book, Bell described his idea of the different nervous tracts connecting with different parts of brain and thus leading to different functionality. His experiments to investigate this consisted of cutting open the spinal cord of a rabbit and touching different columns of the cord. He found that an irritation of the anterior columns led to a convulsion of the muscles, while an irritation of the posterior columns had no visible effect. These experiments led Bell to declare that he was the first to distinguish between sensory and motor nerves. While this essay is considered by many to be the founding stone of clinical neurology, it was not well received by Bell's peers. His experimentation was criticized and the idea that he presented of the anterior and posterior roots being connected to the cerebrum and cerebellum respectively, was rejected. Furthermore, Bell's original essay of 1811 did not actually contain a clear description of motor and sensory nerve roots as Bell later claimed, and he seems to have issued subsequent incorrectly dated revisions with subtle textual alterations. Despite this lukewarm response, Charles Bell continued to study the anatomy of the human brain and laid his focus upon the nerves connected to it. In 1821, Bell published the "On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System" in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. This paper held Bell's most famous discovery, that the facial nerve or seventh cranial nerve is a nerve of muscular action. This was quite an important discovery because surgeons would often cut this nerve as an attempted cure for facial neuralgia, but this would often render the patient with a unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles, now known as Bell's Palsy. Due to this publication, Charles Bell is regarded as one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice. Bell's studies on emotional expression played a catalytic role in the development of Darwin's considerations of the origins of human emotional life; and, while he rejected Bell's theological arguments, Darwin very much agreed with Bell's emphasis on the expressive role of the muscles of respiration. Darwin detailed these opinions in his The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), written with the active collaboration of the psychiatrist James Crichton-Browne. Bell was one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice. In 1821, he described in the trajectory of the facial nerve and a disease, Bell's Palsy which led to the unilateral paralysis of facial muscles, in one of the classics of neurology, a paper delivered to the Royal Society entitled On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System. Bell also combined his many artistic, scientific, literary and teaching talents in a number of wax preparations and detailed anatomical and surgical illustrations, paintings and engravings in his several books on these subjects, such as in his book Illustrations of the Great Operations of Surgery: Trepan, Hernia, Amputation, Aneurism, and Lithotomy (1821). He wrote also the first treatise on notions of anatomy and physiology of facial expression for painters and illustrators, titled Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806). In 1829, Francis Egerton, the eighth Earl of Bridgewater, died and in his will, he left a large sum of money to the President of the Royal Society of London. The will stipulated that the money was to be used to write, print, and publish one thousand copies of a work on the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God. The President of the Royal Society, Davies Gilbert appointed eight gentlemen to write separate treatises on the subject. In 1833, he published the fourth Bridgewater Treatise, The Hand: Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design. Charles Bell published four editions of The Hand. In the first few chapters, Bell organizes his treatise as an early textbook of comparative anatomy. The book is full of pictures where Bell compares "hands" of different organisms ranging from human hands, chimpanzee paws, and fish feelers. After the first few chapters, Bell orients his treatise around the significance of the hand and its importance in its use in anatomy. He emphasizes that the hand is as important as the eye in the field of surgery and that it must be trained. Legacy A number of discoveries received his name: Bell's (external respiratory) nerve: The long thoracic nerve. Bell's palsy: a unilateral idiopathic paralysis of facial muscles due to a lesion of the facial nerve. Bell's phenomenon: A normal defense mechanism—upward and outward movement of the eye which occurs when an individual closes their eyes forcibly. It can be appreciated clinically in a patient with paralysis of the orbicularis oculi (e.g. Guillain–Barré syndrome or Bell's palsy), as the eyelid remains elevated when the patient tries to close the eye. Bell's spasm: Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles. Bell-Magendie law or Bell's Law: States that the anterior branch of spinal nerve roots contain only motor fibers and the posterior roots contain only sensory fibers. Charles Bell House, part of University College London, is used for teaching and research in surgery. References Further reading Bell, C., The Hand. Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design; Bridgewater Treatises, W. Pickering, 1833 (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; ) Berkowitz, Carin. Charles Bell and the Anatomy of Reform. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015. External links Sir Charles Bell engravings – Anatomia 1522–1867 digital collection, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto 1774 births 1842 deaths 19th-century Scottish people Medical doctors from Edinburgh People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows of the Royal Society Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Philosophers of religion British neurologists British neuroscientists Scottish anatomists Scottish knights 19th-century Scottish medical doctors Scottish physiologists Scottish surgeons Scottish writers Academics of the University of Edinburgh Scottish medical writers

<mask> (12 November 177428 April 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian. He is noted for discovering the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves in the spinal cord. He is also noted for describing <mask>'s palsy. His three older brothers included <mask> (1757–1816) a Writer to the Signet, <mask> (1763–1820), also a noted surgeon and writer; and the advocate <mask> (1770–1843) who became a professor of law at the University of Edinburgh and a principal clerk at the Court of Session. Early life and education <mask> was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774, as the fourth son of the Reverend <mask>, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. <mask>'s father died in 1779 when he was five years old, and thus his mother had a profound influence on his early life, teaching him how to read and write. In addition to this, his mother also helped <mask>'s natural artistic ability by paying for his regular drawing and painting lessons from David Allan, a well-known Scottish painter.<mask> grew up in Edinburgh, and attended the prestigious High School (1784–88). Although he was not a particularly good student, <mask> decided to follow in his brother John's footsteps and enter a career in medicine. In 1792, <mask> enrolled at the University of Edinburgh and began assisting his brother John as a surgical apprentice. While at the university, <mask> attended the lectures of Dugald Stewart on the subject of spiritual philosophy. These lectures had considerable impact on <mask>, for some of Stewart's teachings can be traced in <mask>'s later works in a passage on his Treatise on the Hand. In addition to classes on anatomy, <mask> took a course on the art of drawing in order to refine his artistic skill. At the university he was also a member of the Royal Medical Society as a student and spoke at the Society's centenary celebrations in 1837.In 1798, <mask> graduated from the University of Edinburgh and soon after was admitted to the Edinburgh College of Surgeons where he taught anatomy and operated at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. While developing his talents as a surgeon, <mask>'s interests forayed into a field combining anatomy and art. His inherent talent as an artist came to the fore when he helped his brother complete a four-volume work called The Anatomy of the Human Body. <mask> completely wrote and illustrated volumes 3 and 4 in 1803, as well as publishing his own set of illustrations in a System of Dissections in 1798 and 1799. Furthermore, <mask> used his clinical experience and artistic eye to develop the hobby of modelling interesting medical cases in wax. He proceeded to accumulate an extensive collection that he dubbed his Museum of Anatomy, some items of which can still be seen today at Surgeon's Hall. <mask>'s stay in Edinburgh did not last long due to an infamous feud between <mask> and two faculty members at the University of Edinburgh: Alexander Monro Secundus and John Gregory.John Gregory was the chairman of the Royal Infirmary and had declared that only six full-time surgical staff members would be appointed to work at the infirmary. The <mask> brothers were not selected and thus barred from practicing medicine at the Royal Infirmary. <mask>, who was not directly involved in his brother's feuds, attempted to make a deal with the faculty of the University of Edinburgh by offering the university one hundred guineas and his Museum of Anatomy in exchange for allowing him to observe and sketch the operations performed at the Royal Infirmary, but this deal was rejected. Professional career In 1804, <mask> left for London and in 1805 had established himself in the city by buying a house on Leicester Street. From this house <mask> taught classes in anatomy and surgery for medical students, doctors, and artists. In 1809, <mask> was among a number of civilian surgeons who volunteered to attend to the many thousands of ill and wounded soldiers who had retreated to Corunna, and 6 years later he again voluntarily attended to the ill and wounded in the aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo. Regrettably, of <mask>'s 12 amputation cases, only one man survived.In addition to the amputation surgeries, <mask> was quite fascinated by musket-ball injuries and in 1814, he published a Dissertation on Gunshot Wounds. A number of his illustrations of the wounds are displayed in the hall of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. In 1811, <mask> married Marion Shaw. Using money from his wife's dowry, <mask> purchased a share of the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy which had been founded by the anatomist William Hunter. <mask> transferred his practice from his house to the Windmill Street School <mask> ended up teaching students and conducting his own research until 1824. In 1813–14, he was appointed as a member of the London College of Surgeons and as a surgeon at the Middlesex Hospital. In addition to his domestic pursuits, <mask> also served as a military surgeon, making elaborate recordings of neurological injuries at the Royal Hospital Haslar and famously documenting his experiences at Waterloo in 1815.For three consecutive days and nights, he operated on French soldiers in the Gens d'Armerie Hospital. The condition of the French soldiers was quite poor, and thus many of his patients died shortly after he operated on them. Dr Robert Knox, who was one of <mask>'s surgical assistants at Brussels, was critical of <mask>'s surgical skills and commented rather negatively on <mask>'s surgical abilities; (the mortality rate of amputations carried out by <mask> ran at about 90%). <mask> was instrumental in the creation of the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, and became, in 1824, the first professor of Anatomy and Surgery of the College of Surgeons in London. In that same year <mask> sold his collection of over 3,000 wax preparations to the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh for £3000. In 1829, the Windmill Street School of Anatomy was incorporated into the new King's College London. <mask> was invited to be its first professor of physiology, and helped establish the Medical School at the University of London, gave the inaugural address when it formally opened, and even helped contribute to the requirements of its certification program.<mask>'s stay at the Medical School did not last long and he resigned from his chair due to differences of opinion with the academic staff. For the next seven years, <mask> gave clinical lectures at the Middlesex Hospital and in 1835 he accepted the position of the Chair of Surgery at the University of Edinburgh following the premature death of Prof John William Turner. He was made a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1833. <mask> died at Hallow Park near Worcester in the Midlands, while travelling from Edinburgh to London, in 1842. He is buried in Hallow Churchyard near Worcester. Honours and awards <mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 8 June 1807, on the nomination of Robert Jameson, William Wright and Thomas Macknight. He served as a Councillor of the RSE from 1836 to 1839.He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London on 16 November 1826, and was awarded the Royal Society's gold medal for his numerous discoveries in science. <mask> was knighted as a Knight of the Guelphic Order of Hanover in 1831 and, like Sir Richard Owen, was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Works <mask> was a prolific author who combined his anatomical knowledge with his artistic eye to produce a number of highly detailed and beautifully illustrated books. In 1799, <mask> published his first work "A System of Dissections, explaining the Anatomy of the Human Body, the manner of displaying Parts and their Varieties in Disease". His second work was the completion of his brother's four-volume set of "The Anatomy of the Human Body" in 1803. In that same year, <mask> published his three series of engravings titled "Engravings of the Arteries", "Engravings of the Brain", and "Engravings of the Nerves". These set of engravings consisted of intricate and detailed anatomical diagrams accompanied with labels and a brief description of their functionality in the human body and were published as an educational tool for aspiring medical students.The "Engravings of the Brain" are of particular importance for this marked <mask>'s first published attempt at fully elucidating the organization of the nervous system. In his introduction to the work, <mask> comments on the ambiguous nature of the brain and its inner workings, a topic that would hold his interest for the remainder of his life. In 1806, with his eye on a teaching post at the Royal Academy, <mask> published his Essays on The Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806), later re-published as Essays on The Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression in 1824. In this work, <mask> followed the principles of natural theology, asserting the existence of a uniquely human system of facial muscles in the service of a human species with a unique relationship to the Creator, ideals which paralleled with those of William Paley. After the failure of his application (Sir Thomas Lawrence, later President of the Royal Academy, described <mask> as "lacking in temper, modesty and judgement"), <mask> turned his attentions to the nervous system. <mask> published detailed studies of the nervous system in 1811, in his privately circulated book An Idea of a New Anatomy of the Brain. In this book, <mask> described his idea of the different nervous tracts connecting with different parts of brain and thus leading to different functionality.His experiments to investigate this consisted of cutting open the spinal cord of a rabbit and touching different columns of the cord. He found that an irritation of the anterior columns led to a convulsion of the muscles, while an irritation of the posterior columns had no visible effect. These experiments led <mask> to declare that he was the first to distinguish between sensory and motor nerves. While this essay is considered by many to be the founding stone of clinical neurology, it was not well received by <mask>'s peers. His experimentation was criticized and the idea that he presented of the anterior and posterior roots being connected to the cerebrum and cerebellum respectively, was rejected. Furthermore, <mask>'s original essay of 1811 did not actually contain a clear description of motor and sensory nerve roots as <mask> later claimed, and he seems to have issued subsequent incorrectly dated revisions with subtle textual alterations. Despite this lukewarm response, <mask> continued to study the anatomy of the human brain and laid his focus upon the nerves connected to it.In 1821, <mask> published the "On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System" in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. This paper held <mask>'s most famous discovery, that the facial nerve or seventh cranial nerve is a nerve of muscular action. This was quite an important discovery because surgeons would often cut this nerve as an attempted cure for facial neuralgia, but this would often render the patient with a unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles, now known as <mask>'s Palsy. Due to this publication, <mask> is regarded as one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice. <mask>'s studies on emotional expression played a catalytic role in the development of Darwin's considerations of the origins of human emotional life; and, while he rejected <mask>'s theological arguments, Darwin very much agreed with <mask>'s emphasis on the expressive role of the muscles of respiration. Darwin detailed these opinions in his The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), written with the active collaboration of the psychiatrist James Crichton-Browne. <mask> was one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice.In 1821, he described in the trajectory of the facial nerve and a disease, <mask>'s Palsy which led to the unilateral paralysis of facial muscles, in one of the classics of neurology, a paper delivered to the Royal Society entitled On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System. <mask> also combined his many artistic, scientific, literary and teaching talents in a number of wax preparations and detailed anatomical and surgical illustrations, paintings and engravings in his several books on these subjects, such as in his book Illustrations of the Great Operations of Surgery: Trepan, Hernia, Amputation, Aneurism, and Lithotomy (1821). He wrote also the first treatise on notions of anatomy and physiology of facial expression for painters and illustrators, titled Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806). In 1829, Francis Egerton, the eighth Earl of Bridgewater, died and in his will, he left a large sum of money to the President of the Royal Society of London. The will stipulated that the money was to be used to write, print, and publish one thousand copies of a work on the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God. The President of the Royal Society, Davies Gilbert appointed eight gentlemen to write separate treatises on the subject. In 1833, he published the fourth Bridgewater Treatise, The Hand: Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design.<mask> published four editions of The Hand. In the first few chapters, <mask> organizes his treatise as an early textbook of comparative anatomy. The book is full of pictures where <mask> compares "hands" of different organisms ranging from human hands, chimpanzee paws, and fish feelers. After the first few chapters, <mask> orients his treatise around the significance of the hand and its importance in its use in anatomy. He emphasizes that the hand is as important as the eye in the field of surgery and that it must be trained. Legacy A number of discoveries received his name: <mask>'s (external respiratory) nerve: The long thoracic nerve. <mask>'s palsy: a unilateral idiopathic paralysis of facial muscles due to a lesion of the facial nerve.<mask>'s phenomenon: A normal defense mechanism—upward and outward movement of the eye which occurs when an individual closes their eyes forcibly. It can be appreciated clinically in a patient with paralysis of the orbicularis oculi (e.g. Guillain–Barré syndrome or <mask>'s palsy), as the eyelid remains elevated when the patient tries to close the eye. <mask>'s spasm: Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles. Bell-Magendie law or Bell's Law: States that the anterior branch of spinal nerve roots contain only motor fibers and the posterior roots contain only sensory fibers. Charles Bell House, part of University College London, is used for teaching and research in surgery. References Further reading <mask>, C., The Hand.Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design; Bridgewater Treatises, W. Pickering, 1833 (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; ) Berkowitz, Carin. <mask> and the Anatomy of Reform. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015. External links Sir <mask> engravings – Anatomia 1522–1867 digital collection, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto 1774 births 1842 deaths 19th-century Scottish people Medical doctors from Edinburgh People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows of the Royal Society Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Philosophers of religion British neurologists British neuroscientists Scottish anatomists Scottish knights 19th-century Scottish medical doctors Scottish physiologists Scottish surgeons Scottish writers Academics of the University of Edinburgh Scottish medical writers

<mask> was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, neurologist, artist, and philosopher. He discovered the difference between sensory and motor nerves. He described <mask>'s palsy. <mask> was a writer to the Signet, <mask> was a noted surgeon and <mask> was a professor of law at the University of Edinburgh. <mask> was the fourth son of the Reverend <mask> and was born in Edinburgh on November 12th, 1774. When <mask> was five years old, his father died and his mother taught him how to read and write. <mask>'s mother paid for his drawing and painting lessons from David Allan, a well-known Scottish painter.The prestigious High School was attended by <mask>. <mask> decided to follow in his brother's footsteps and become a doctor. <mask> joined the University of Edinburgh and began assisting his brother John as a surgical apprentice. <mask> attended the lectures of Stewart on the subject of spiritual philosophy. Some of Stewart's teachings can be found in a passage in <mask>'s Treatise on the Hand. <mask> took a course on drawing in order to improve his artistic skills. He spoke at the Royal Medical Society's 100th anniversary celebrations as a student at the university.<mask> was admitted to the Edinburgh College of Surgeons in 1798 after graduating from the University of Edinburgh. While developing his talents as a surgeon, <mask>'s interests branched out into a field combining art and anthology. His talent as an artist came to the fore when he helped his brother complete a four-volume work. <mask> published his illustrations in a System of Dissections in 1798 and 1799, as well as writing and illustrating volumes 3 and 4 in 1803. <mask> used his clinical experience and artistic eye to develop a hobby of modelling medical cases in wax. Some items from his collection can still be seen today at Surgeon's Hall. The feud between <mask> and two faculty members at the University of Edinburgh ended <mask>'s stay in Edinburgh.According to John Gregory, only six full-time surgical staff members would be hired to work at the infirmary. The <mask> brothers were barred from practicing medicine because they weren't selected. <mask>, who was not involved in his brother's feuds, attempted to make a deal with the faculty of the University of Edinburgh in exchange for allowing him to observe and sketch the operations performed at the Royal Infirmary. In 1805, <mask> established himself in the city by buying a house onLeicester Street, after leaving for London. <mask> taught classes for medical students, doctors, and artists from this house. In the aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo, <mask> was one of a number of civilian surgeons who volunteered to attend to the ill and wounded soldiers who had retreated to Corunna. Only one man survived <mask>'s 12 amputation cases.<mask> was interested in musket-ball injuries and published a thesis on gunshot wounds in 1814. The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh has a display of his illustrations. <mask> married Shaw. <mask> used money from his wife's dowry to purchase a share of the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy. <mask> taught students and conducted his own research until 1824, after he transferred his practice from his house to the Windmill Street School. He was a member of the London College of Surgeons and a surgeon at the Middlesex Hospital. <mask> made elaborate recordings of neurological injuries at the Royal Hospital Haslar, as well as documenting his experiences at Waterloo, while he was a military surgeon.He operated on French soldiers for three days in a row. Many of his patients died after he operated on them, because of the poor condition of the French soldiers. The mortality rate of amputations carried out by <mask> ran into the 90's, and one of <mask>'s surgical assistants commented negatively on <mask>'s surgical abilities. <mask> was the first professor of surgery and anaesthesiology at the College of Surgeons in London. <mask> sold his collection of wax preparations to the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. The King's College London incorporated the Windmill Street School of Anatomy in the 19th century. <mask> helped establish the Medical School at the University of London and gave the inaugural address, as well as contributing to the requirements of the certification program.<mask> resigned from his chair at the Medical School due to differences of opinion with the academic staff. After the death of Prof John William Turner, <mask> accepted the position of Chair of Surgery at the University of Edinburgh. He was made a Knight in the 18th century. <mask> died while travelling from Edinburgh to London. He is buried in a churchyard. <mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on June 8, 1807, on the nominations of Robert Jameson, William Wright and Thomas Macknight. He was a member of the RSE from 1836 to 1839.He received the Royal Society's gold medal for his numerous discoveries in science after being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. <mask>, like Sir Richard Owen, was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. <mask> was a prolific author who combined his artistic eye with his knowledge to produce a number of highly detailed and beautifully illustrated books. <mask> published his first work "A System of Dissections" in 1799. The completion of his brother's four-volume set of "The Anatomy of the Human Body" was his second work. <mask> published three engravings titled "Engravings of the Arteries", "Engravings of the Brain" and "Engravings of the Nerves". An educational tool for aspiring medical students, the set of engravings consisted of intricate and detailed anatomical diagrams accompanied with labels and a brief description of their function in the human body.<mask>'s first published attempt at fully elucidating the organization of the nervous system was the "Engravings of the Brain". <mask> commented on the ambiguous nature of the brain and its inner workings in his introduction to the work. <mask> published his Essays on The Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806) with his eye on a teaching post at the Royal Academy. <mask> followed the principles of natural theology, asserting the existence of a uniquely human system of facial muscles in the service of a human species with a unique relationship to the Creator. After the failure of his application, <mask> turned his attention to the nervous system. <mask> published detailed studies of the nervous system in his private book. <mask> said in the book that the different nervous tracts connecting with different parts of the brain lead to different functions.To investigate this, he cut open the rabbit's spine and touched the different columns of the cord. The convulsion of the muscles was caused by an irritation of the anterior columns. <mask> claimed that he was the first to distinguish between sensory and motor nerves. <mask>'s peers didn't like the essay that is considered to be the founding stone of clinical neurology. The idea that the anterior and posterior roots were connected to the cerebrum and cerebellum was rejected because of his experimentation. <mask>'s original essay of 1811 did not contain a clear description of motor and sensory nerve roots as <mask> later claimed, and he seems to have issued subsequent incorrectly dated revisions with subtle textual alterations. <mask> continued to study the human brain and focused on the nerves that connect it.<mask> published "On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System" in the Royal Society in 1821. <mask>'s most famous discovery was that the facial nerve is a nerve of muscular action. <mask>'s palsy is a result of surgeons cutting this nerve as an attempt to cure facial neuralgia. One of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice was <mask>. The development of Darwin's considerations of the origins of human emotional life was aided by <mask>'s studies on emotional expression and his emphasis on the muscles of respiration. The expression of the emotions in man and animals was written by Darwin with the help of James Crichton-Browne. <mask> was one of the first physicians to combine neuroscience with clinical practice.In 1821, he delivered a paper to the Royal Society entitled On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their, in which he described <mask>'s palsy, a disease that led to the paralysis of facial muscles. <mask>'s many artistic, scientific, literary and teaching talents were combined in a number of wax preparations and detailed surgical illustrations, paintings and engravings in his several books on these subjects. Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting was the first work on facial expression in painting. Francis Egerton left a large sum of money to the President of the Royal Society of London in his will. One thousand copies of a work on the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God were to be written, printed, and published by the will. Eight men were appointed by the President of the Royal Society to write separate treatises on the subject. The fourth Bridgewater Treatise, The Hand: Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Enlightenment Design, was published in 1833.The Hand was published by <mask>. <mask> organizes his book as an early textbook of comparative anatomy in the first few chapters. <mask> compares the hands of different organisms in the book, including human hands, Chimpanzees, and fish feelers. <mask> explains the significance of the hand in his treatise after the first few chapters. He says that the hand is as important as the eye in surgery and that it needs to be trained. <mask>'s nerve was one of the discoveries that received his name. <mask>'s palsy is a facial palsy that affects the facial muscles.<mask>'s phenomenon is a normal defense mechanism that happens when an individual closes their eyes. In a patient with paralysis of the orbicularis oculi, it can be appreciated. Guillain–Barré syndrome or <mask>'s palsy is when the eyelid remains elevated when the patient tries to close the eye. <mask>'s spasm was voluntary twitching of the facial muscles. <mask>'s Law states that the anterior branch of the spine has only motor and sensory fibers. University College London's Charles Bell House is used for teaching and research in surgery. <mask>, C., The Hand is a reference.The mechanism and vital endowments are described in the Treatises. The dissection of reform by <mask>. The University of Chicago Press is located in Chicago. The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library has a collection of engravings by Sir <mask>.

23566484

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramon%20Foster

Ramon Foster

Ramon Sentel Foster (born January 7, 1986), nicknamed "The Big Ragu", is a former American football guard who played 11 seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He is the brother of former Rams offensive lineman Renardo Foster. He played college football at Tennessee where he played in a career total of 44 games and also earned All-SEC honors as a freshman and a junior. Foster is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. Early career Foster started for all four years, both on offense and defense, at Ripley High School in Ripley, Tennessee and handled some placekicking and kickoff duties. In addition, he was a three-year starter on the school's basketball team and competed in track and field, achieving a career-best shot put of 45-11. Professional career Coming out of Tennessee in 2009, Foster attended the NFL combine and participated at Tennessee's annual Pro Day. He was projected by many analysts to be drafted from anywhere from the sixth to seventh round or a priority undrafted free agent. He was rated as the 23rd best offensive tackle in the draft out of the 183 available by NFLDraftScout.com. 2009 On April 27, 2009, Foster was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He entered training camp competing to be a back-up guard against the Steelers' 2009 third-round draft pick, Kraig Urbik. Following an injury to starting veteran guard Darnell Stapleton during training camp, Foster gained the opportunity to become the starting right guard. He ultimately lost the starting job to Trai Essex and was named at backup guard and right tackle to begin the season. He made his professional regular season debut during a Week 3 contest at the Cincinnati Bengals. On November 29, 2009, he received his first career start in a Week 12 loss, to the division-rival Baltimore Ravens, after replacing an injured Chris Kemoeatu at left guard. Foster returned to the starting position on December 20, 2009, against the Green Bay Packers and remained there for the last three games of the regular season, as the Steelers ended with a 9–7 record and missed the playoffs. As a rookie in 2009, Foster had four starts and played in 14 games. 2010 Although he finished his rookie season as the starting left guard, he entered training camp competing with Trai Essex and Kraig Urbik for the starting job. He was named the backup to starting guards Essex and Kemoeatu to begin the season and made his season debut in a Week 3 38–13 victory at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On November 14, 2010, he made his first start of the season, replacing an ineffective Trai Essex at right guard, in a 39-26 loss to the New England Patriots. He then remained the starting guard for last 7 games of the 2010 season. The Steelers finished atop the AFC North with a 12–4 record and Foster went on to start at right guard in a 31–25 loss to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV. He finished his second season with 8 starts in 12 games played. 2011 Foster entered training camp in 2011 competing with Chris Kemoeatu, Doug Legursky, and Trai Essex for both starting guard positions. He lost the starting right guard position to Legursky but was named the starter for a Week 2 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. After sitting out the next week, he returned in Week 4 against the Houston Texans and remained the starter for the rest of the season. This marked the third consecutive year he began the year as a backup but finished the season as a starter; also marking the beginning of Foster being a mainstay on the Pittsburgh Steeler's offensive line. He finished 2011 with a career-high 14 games started in 15 games played. 2012 Foster was named the starting right guard after winning the job over rookie David DeCastro and started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season-opener against Denver Broncos. This also marked his first full season playing and starting at guard. 2013 He was moved over to left guard after the departure of Willie Colon and started all but one game throughout the season. The Steelers kept Foster out due to injury during a Week 11 matchup against the Detroit Lions. On March 11, 2013, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed Foster to a three-year, $5.50 million contract that also included a $900,000 signing bonus. They rewarded him with a new contract after showing promise the last two seasons. 2014 He started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season-opening 30-27 victory over the Cleveland Browns and started the following game. Foster then missed Week 3 and 4, after twisting his ankle during a practice. He returned to his starting role during a Week 5 victory at the Jacksonville Jaguars. He started 14 games in 2014, helping the Pittsburgh Steelers finish first in the AFC North with an 11-5 record. They went on to lose the AFC Wildcard game 30-17 to the Baltimore Ravens. 2015 Foster started at left guard throughout the 2015 season and started all 16 regular season games. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished second in the AFC North with a 10-6 record. After defeating the Cincinnati Bengals in the AFC Wildcard, they went on to lose the divisional round to the eventual Super Bowl 50 Champion Denver Broncos. Foster had one of his best seasons after improving as a run blocker and surrendering only 31 pressures in all 18 games. He earned a grade of 82.3 from Pro Football Focus in 2015. 2016 On May 9, 2016, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed Foster to a three-year, $9.60 million contract with a signing bonus $2.75 million. He started all 16 regular season games and surrendered only one sack throughout the whole season. Foster brought his streak to 46 consecutive starts in-a-row. Pro Football Focus ranked him the 24th best offensive lineman in 2015. He was also ranked the sixth best guard with an overall grade of 87.1 by PFF and the fourth best in pass blocking with a grade of 89.7. 2019 On March 7, 2019, Foster signed a two-year, $8.25 million contract extension with the Steelers through the 2020 season. Foster announced his retirement on March 16, 2020. References External links UT Sports Official Bio Pittsburgh Steelers Bio 1986 births Living people American football offensive tackles Pittsburgh Steelers players Tennessee Volunteers football players Players of American football from Tennessee People from Henning, Tennessee

<mask> (born January 7, 1986), nicknamed "The Big Ragu", is a former American football guard who played 11 seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He is the brother of former Rams offensive lineman <mask>. He played college football at Tennessee where he played in a career total of 44 games and also earned All-SEC honors as a freshman and a junior. <mask> is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. Early career <mask> started for all four years, both on offense and defense, at Ripley High School in Ripley, Tennessee and handled some placekicking and kickoff duties. In addition, he was a three-year starter on the school's basketball team and competed in track and field, achieving a career-best shot put of 45-11. Professional career Coming out of Tennessee in 2009, <mask> attended the NFL combine and participated at Tennessee's annual Pro Day.He was projected by many analysts to be drafted from anywhere from the sixth to seventh round or a priority undrafted free agent. He was rated as the 23rd best offensive tackle in the draft out of the 183 available by NFLDraftScout.com. 2009 On April 27, 2009, <mask> was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He entered training camp competing to be a back-up guard against the Steelers' 2009 third-round draft pick, Kraig Urbik. Following an injury to starting veteran guard Darnell Stapleton during training camp, <mask> gained the opportunity to become the starting right guard. He ultimately lost the starting job to Trai Essex and was named at backup guard and right tackle to begin the season. He made his professional regular season debut during a Week 3 contest at the Cincinnati Bengals.On November 29, 2009, he received his first career start in a Week 12 loss, to the division-rival Baltimore Ravens, after replacing an injured Chris Kemoeatu at left guard. <mask> returned to the starting position on December 20, 2009, against the Green Bay Packers and remained there for the last three games of the regular season, as the Steelers ended with a 9–7 record and missed the playoffs. As a rookie in 2009, <mask> had four starts and played in 14 games. 2010 Although he finished his rookie season as the starting left guard, he entered training camp competing with Trai Essex and Kraig Urbik for the starting job. He was named the backup to starting guards Essex and Kemoeatu to begin the season and made his season debut in a Week 3 38–13 victory at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On November 14, 2010, he made his first start of the season, replacing an ineffective Trai Essex at right guard, in a 39-26 loss to the New England Patriots. He then remained the starting guard for last 7 games of the 2010 season.The Steelers finished atop the AFC North with a 12–4 record and <mask> went on to start at right guard in a 31–25 loss to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV. He finished his second season with 8 starts in 12 games played. 2011 <mask> entered training camp in 2011 competing with Chris Kemoeatu, Doug Legursky, and Trai Essex for both starting guard positions. He lost the starting right guard position to Legursky but was named the starter for a Week 2 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. After sitting out the next week, he returned in Week 4 against the Houston Texans and remained the starter for the rest of the season. This marked the third consecutive year he began the year as a backup but finished the season as a starter; also marking the beginning of <mask> being a mainstay on the Pittsburgh Steeler's offensive line. He finished 2011 with a career-high 14 games started in 15 games played.2012 <mask> was named the starting right guard after winning the job over rookie David DeCastro and started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season-opener against Denver Broncos. This also marked his first full season playing and starting at guard. 2013 He was moved over to left guard after the departure of Willie Colon and started all but one game throughout the season. The Steelers kept <mask> out due to injury during a Week 11 matchup against the Detroit Lions. On March 11, 2013, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year, $5.50 million contract that also included a $900,000 signing bonus. They rewarded him with a new contract after showing promise the last two seasons. 2014 He started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season-opening 30-27 victory over the Cleveland Browns and started the following game.<mask> then missed Week 3 and 4, after twisting his ankle during a practice. He returned to his starting role during a Week 5 victory at the Jacksonville Jaguars. He started 14 games in 2014, helping the Pittsburgh Steelers finish first in the AFC North with an 11-5 record. They went on to lose the AFC Wildcard game 30-17 to the Baltimore Ravens. 2015 <mask> started at left guard throughout the 2015 season and started all 16 regular season games. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished second in the AFC North with a 10-6 record. After defeating the Cincinnati Bengals in the AFC Wildcard, they went on to lose the divisional round to the eventual Super Bowl 50 Champion Denver Broncos.<mask> had one of his best seasons after improving as a run blocker and surrendering only 31 pressures in all 18 games. He earned a grade of 82.3 from Pro Football Focus in 2015. 2016 On May 9, 2016, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year, $9.60 million contract with a signing bonus $2.75 million. He started all 16 regular season games and surrendered only one sack throughout the whole season. <mask> brought his streak to 46 consecutive starts in-a-row. Pro Football Focus ranked him the 24th best offensive lineman in 2015. He was also ranked the sixth best guard with an overall grade of 87.1 by PFF and the fourth best in pass blocking with a grade of 89.7.2019 On March 7, 2019, <mask> signed a two-year, $8.25 million contract extension with the Steelers through the 2020 season. <mask> announced his retirement on March 16, 2020. References External links UT Sports Official Bio Pittsburgh Steelers Bio 1986 births Living people American football offensive tackles Pittsburgh Steelers players Tennessee Volunteers football players Players of American football from Tennessee People from Henning, Tennessee

<mask>, also known as "The Big Ragu", is a former American football guard who played 11 seasons in the National Football League. <mask> was an offensive lineman for the Rams. He played college football at Tennessee and earned All-SEC honors as a freshman and junior. <mask> is a member of a frat. <mask> began his career at Ripley High School in Ripley, Tennessee, where he was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was a three-year starter on the basketball team and competed in track and field, achieving a career-best shot put. <mask> attended the NFL combine and participated in Tennessee's annual Pro Day.He was expected to be drafted from the sixth to seventh round or a priority free agent. He was the 23rd best offensive tackle in the draft according to NFLDraftScout.com. <mask> was signed as a free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was competing to be a back-up guard for the team. <mask> was given the chance to become the starting right guard after an injury to the starting veteran guard. He was named a backup guard and right tackle to start the season after losing the starting job to Essex. He made his professional regular season debut in Week 3.He made his first career start at left guard in a Week 12 loss to the Baltimore Ravens. <mask> remained in the starting position for the last three games of the regular season as the Steelers missed the playoffs. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Although he was the starting left guard in his first season, he entered training camp competing with others for the starting job. He made his season debut in Week 3 after being named the backup to the starting guards. He made his first start of the season on November 14, 2010, replacing an ineffective Trai Essex at right guard in a 39-26 loss to the New England Pats. He was the starting guard for the last 7 games of the 2010 season.<mask> started at right guard for the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV, despite the fact that the Steelers had finished atop the AFC North with a 12–4 record. He played in 12 games in his second season. Chris Kemoeatu, Doug Legursky, and Trai Essex were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was named the starter for the Week 2 victory over the Seattle Seahawks after losing the starting right guard position to Legursky. After sitting out the next week, he returned in Week 4 against the Houston Texans and remained the starter for the rest of the season. This was the third year in a row that he began the year as a backup but ended the season as a starter for the Pittsburgh Steeler's offensive line. He played in a career-high 15 games in 2011.<mask> started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season opener against the Denver Broncos after being named the starting right guard. He started at guard for the first time. After Willie Colon left, he was moved to left guard and started all but one game. <mask> was kept out of the game due to an injury. The Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year, $5.50 million contract that included a $900,000 signing bonus. He was rewarded with a new contract after two seasons of promise. He started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season opener and started the following game.<mask> missed Week 3 and 4 after twisting his ankle. He returned to his starting role in Week 5. He started 14 games last year for the Pittsburgh Steelers, who finished with an 11-5 record. They were defeated by the Baltimore Ravens in the Wildcard game. <mask> started all 16 regular season games at left guard in 2015. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished second in the division. They went on to lose in the divisional round to the Broncos, who went on to win the Super Bowl.<mask> had one of his best seasons as a run blocker and surrendered only 31 pressures in all 18 games. He received a grade of 82.3 from Pro Football Focus. <mask> signed a three-year, $9.60 million contract with a signing bonus of $2.75 million. He started all 16 regular season games and only surrendered one sack. <mask>'s streak was brought to 46 in a row. He was ranked the 24th best offensive lineman by Pro Football Focus. He was ranked the sixth best guard with an overall grade of 87.1 by PFF and the fourth best in pass blocking with a grade of 89.7.<mask> signed a two-year, $8.25 million contract extension with the Steelers on March 7, 2019. On March 16, 2020, <mask> announced his retirement. There are external links to the UT Sports Official bio of the Pittsburgh Steelers.

945150

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin%20Hae-chul

Shin Hae-chul

Shin Hae-chul (Hangul: 신해철; May 6, 1968 – October 27, 2014) was a South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer known for being a pioneer of Korean experimental rock music. He was referred to by fans as the "Demon Lord" or "The Devil" for his charismatic stage presence. Shin and his band Muhangwedo debuted at the 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival, where the band won first place for the song "To You." He formed the experimental rock band N.EX.T in 1992. He was also known for hosting a radio show from 2001 to 2012. Shin died as a result of medical malpractice after undergoing surgery in 2014. Early life Shin Hae-chul was born on May 6, 1968. He enrolled in Sogang University in 1987, where he studied philosophy until he dropped out to focus on his music career. Career Debut Shin formed the band Muhangwedo (Hangul: 무한궤도) in 1988 when he was a sophomore at Sogang University. The band received national attention when it appeared on the televised 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival, a singing competition for amateurs. Muhangwedo won first place for the song "To You" (그대에게) which was written by Shin. The band released one album, 1989's When Our Lives Are Almost Over (Hangul: 우리 앞의 생이 끝나갈 때). Early solo career Shin released his first solo album in 1990, which included a song that had an English rap, which was unconventional in the Korean music scene at the time. The album was a huge hit, leading to Shin rising to the top of Korean pop music charts and receiving multiple Korean pop music awards. His second solo album, Myself, was released in 1991, which was first album in Korea to have used midi. He also started a gig as a radio DJ on MBC FM. The N.EX.T. years In 1992, Shin formed the band N.EX.T. — moving from pop music to rock. Their first album, Home, was a concept album. While his previous songs were mainly about love or heartache, here Shin started to write more about social issues, such as criticizing the fast lifestyle of urbanites in "City People". The group's second album was released in 1994 titled The Return of N.EX.T Part 1: The Being where Shin introduced more philosophical lyrics, such as questioning the meaning of life in the song "The Ocean: About Immortality". The band's third album, The Return of N.EX.T Part 2: World. Some of the band members changed over time, with Shin being the constant lead singer/songwriter. During this time he also did a one-time collaboration with singer Yoon Sang to form Nodance, wrote the original sound track for the Korean movie Jungle Story, and was the DJ for the MBC FM radio program FM Music City from 1996 to 1997. In 1996, he created his own label, Big Bang Music. In 1997 N.EX.T. released a rock ballad single, "Here, I Stand for You" which sold 500,000 copies in South Korea. (The lyrics of this song are engraved on his tombstone). The band went on to release their fourth album Lazenca: A Space Rock Opera in November 1997, which was also the original sound track for the television animation series Lazenca. The band split up after this- Shin went on to study music producing in London. Crom In London, Shin re-named himself Crom (inspired by Cromwell) and released a techno album Crom's Techno Works in 1998. The following year, he formed a project group Monocrom with guitarist Chris Tsangarides and released the eponymous project album Monocrom. The music in the album was experimental, combining heavy metal with Korean folk music, rap, and lyrical rock ballads. Most of the songs in this album were in English, which he collaborated with lyricist D. Yvette Wohn. After the release of Monocrom, Shin went to New York where he worked on producing his live album and some Korean movie soundtracks. In 2000, he created a three-man band Wittgenstein to produce a home studio album of the same name. He also wrote the song "Zergs are Coming" for the StarCraft music album. Return of N.EX.T. Shin returned to Korea in 2002 and worked on various projects, mainly writing songs for other artists or for movie soundtracks. In 2004, he re-formed the group N.EX.T. although the members were different, and released a double album The Return of N.EX.T Part 3: 개한민국. He also started DJing for a late night radio show Ghost Nation that became extremely popular. In 2007, N.EX.T. released a jazz album The Songs for the One inspired by his newborn daughter. In 2008, the band released the album "666 Trilogy." After a long break, the band's final album, "Reboot Myself" was released in 2014. Producer Shin participated in special project in 2004, with the best musicians of Korea, the album named as <Tribute to Park Nohae's Collection of poems The Dawn of Labor 20th anniversary>. It is the first attempted project which the recordings dedicated to poetry in the history of Korean music. He worked with incredible passion in a short time. And he sang "Heaven" (Hangul: 하늘) with Psy on this album. Radio DJ Throughout his career Shin hosted several radio programs, including Music City with Shin Hae Chul and GhostStation with Shin Hae Chul After supporting and campaigning for the president Roh Moo-hyun in 2002 election, Mr. Shin hosts the popular Ghost Nation on MBC, a late-night radio program since 2003. His fans call him "Mawang" (마왕 'the Demon Lord'). On September 16, 2007, Shin ended Ghost Nation. But he also announced that the broadcasting will be continuously served through the web, but no more broadcasting through MBC. Personal life He married Yoon Won-hee (윤원희) on September 29, 2002, just before the 2002 election. He released his first jazz album The Songs for the One in 2007, dedicated to his wife and daughter. Shin was found to be suffering from prosopagnosia, on a TV show (MBC Goldfish) in which he made a guest appearance. After that, he hosted a brand-new TV comedy debate program 100-second Debate (since May 2007), with a similar format of the MBC's 100 Minute Debate. On July 29, 2007, he appeared as a victim (guest) of Lee Kyung-kyu's Hidden Camera. Death Shin was treated for gastrointestinal problems by Dr. Kang Se Hoon at Sky Hospital on October 17, 2014. Kang carried out stomach reduction surgery without consent from Shin. During surgery, Kang punctured Shin's upper small intestine and pericardium, which later resulted in peritonitis. After developing a fever, which he was told was normal after surgery, Shin suffered a heart attack on October 22, and died on October 27 from peritonitis, pericarditis, sepsis, and brain damage due to lack of oxygen. At the urging of friends, Shin's family stopped his cremation at short notice and requested an autopsy. In March 2015, Songpa police found that Shin Hae-chul died from medical malpractice. Kang was struck off the medical register, fined and sentenced to one year in jail. The death of Shin through malpractice led to a revision of the law in South Korea to allow a state-run agency to help in malpractice cases. The law is referred to as the "Shin Hae-chul Law." Discography Muhangwedo Studio albums As a solo artist Studio albums Extended plays N.EX.T Books Shin Hae-chul; Ji Seung-ho (2008). 쾌변독설. Buen Libro. Shin Hae-chul (2014). 마왕 신해철 (Mawang Shin Hae-chul). Munhakdongne Publishing Corp. References 1968 births 2014 deaths South Korean atheists South Korean composers South Korean male singers South Korean male film actors South Korean male television actors South Korean radio presenters South Korean pop rock singers South Korean electronic musicians South Korean songwriters South Korean record producers

<mask> (Hangul: 신해철; May 6, 1968 – October 27, 2014) was a South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer known for being a pioneer of Korean experimental rock music. He was referred to by fans as the "Demon Lord" or "The Devil" for his charismatic stage presence. <mask> and his band Muhangwedo debuted at the 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival, where the band won first place for the song "To You." He formed the experimental rock band N.EX.T in 1992. He was also known for hosting a radio show from 2001 to 2012. <mask> died as a result of medical malpractice after undergoing surgery in 2014. Early life <mask> was born on May 6, 1968.He enrolled in Sogang University in 1987, where he studied philosophy until he dropped out to focus on his music career. Career Debut <mask> formed the band Muhangwedo (Hangul: 무한궤도) in 1988 when he was a sophomore at Sogang University. The band received national attention when it appeared on the televised 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival, a singing competition for amateurs. Muhangwedo won first place for the song "To You" (그대에게) which was written by <mask>. The band released one album, 1989's When Our Lives Are Almost Over (Hangul: 우리 앞의 생이 끝나갈 때). Early solo career <mask> released his first solo album in 1990, which included a song that had an English rap, which was unconventional in the Korean music scene at the time. The album was a huge hit, leading to <mask> rising to the top of Korean pop music charts and receiving multiple Korean pop music awards.His second solo album, Myself, was released in 1991, which was first album in Korea to have used midi. He also started a gig as a radio DJ on MBC FM. The N.EX.T. years In 1992, <mask> formed the band N.EX.T. — moving from pop music to rock. Their first album, Home, was a concept album. While his previous songs were mainly about love or heartache, here <mask> started to write more about social issues, such as criticizing the fast lifestyle of urbanites in "City People".The group's second album was released in 1994 titled The Return of N.EX.T Part 1: The Being where <mask> introduced more philosophical lyrics, such as questioning the meaning of life in the song "The Ocean: About Immortality". The band's third album, The Return of N.EX.T Part 2: World. Some of the band members changed over time, with <mask> being the constant lead singer/songwriter. During this time he also did a one-time collaboration with singer Yoon Sang to form Nodance, wrote the original sound track for the Korean movie Jungle Story, and was the DJ for the MBC FM radio program FM Music City from 1996 to 1997. In 1996, he created his own label, Big Bang Music. In 1997 N.EX.T. released a rock ballad single, "Here, I Stand for You" which sold 500,000 copies in South Korea.(The lyrics of this song are engraved on his tombstone). The band went on to release their fourth album Lazenca: A Space Rock Opera in November 1997, which was also the original sound track for the television animation series Lazenca. The band split up after this- <mask> went on to study music producing in London. Crom In London, <mask> re-named himself Crom (inspired by Cromwell) and released a techno album Crom's Techno Works in 1998. The following year, he formed a project group Monocrom with guitarist Chris Tsangarides and released the eponymous project album Monocrom. The music in the album was experimental, combining heavy metal with Korean folk music, rap, and lyrical rock ballads. Most of the songs in this album were in English, which he collaborated with lyricist D. Yvette Wohn.After the release of Monocrom, <mask> went to New York where he worked on producing his live album and some Korean movie soundtracks. In 2000, he created a three-man band Wittgenstein to produce a home studio album of the same name. He also wrote the song "Zergs are Coming" for the StarCraft music album. Return of N.EX.T. <mask> returned to Korea in 2002 and worked on various projects, mainly writing songs for other artists or for movie soundtracks. In 2004, he re-formed the group N.EX.T. although the members were different, and released a double album The Return of N.EX.T Part 3: 개한민국.He also started DJing for a late night radio show Ghost Nation that became extremely popular. In 2007, N.EX.T. released a jazz album The Songs for the One inspired by his newborn daughter. In 2008, the band released the album "666 Trilogy." After a long break, the band's final album, "Reboot Myself" was released in 2014. Producer <mask> participated in special project in 2004, with the best musicians of Korea, the album named as <Tribute to Park Nohae's Collection of poems The Dawn of Labor 20th anniversary>. It is the first attempted project which the recordings dedicated to poetry in the history of Korean music.He worked with incredible passion in a short time. And he sang "Heaven" (Hangul: 하늘) with Psy on this album. Radio DJ Throughout his career <mask> hosted several radio programs, including Music City with <mask> Chul and GhostStation with <mask>e Chul After supporting and campaigning for the president Roh Moo-hyun in 2002 election, Mr. <mask> hosts the popular Ghost Nation on MBC, a late-night radio program since 2003. His fans call him "Mawang" (마왕 'the Demon Lord'). On September 16, 2007, <mask> ended Ghost Nation. But he also announced that the broadcasting will be continuously served through the web, but no more broadcasting through MBC. Personal life He married Yoon Won-hee (윤원희) on September 29, 2002, just before the 2002 election.He released his first jazz album The Songs for the One in 2007, dedicated to his wife and daughter. <mask> was found to be suffering from prosopagnosia, on a TV show (MBC Goldfish) in which he made a guest appearance. After that, he hosted a brand-new TV comedy debate program 100-second Debate (since May 2007), with a similar format of the MBC's 100 Minute Debate. On July 29, 2007, he appeared as a victim (guest) of Lee Kyung-kyu's Hidden Camera. Death <mask> was treated for gastrointestinal problems by Dr. Kang Se Hoon at Sky Hospital on October 17, 2014. Kang carried out stomach reduction surgery without consent from <mask>. During surgery, Kang punctured <mask>'s upper small intestine and pericardium, which later resulted in peritonitis.After developing a fever, which he was told was normal after surgery, <mask> suffered a heart attack on October 22, and died on October 27 from peritonitis, pericarditis, sepsis, and brain damage due to lack of oxygen. At the urging of friends, <mask>'s family stopped his cremation at short notice and requested an autopsy. In March 2015, Songpa police found that <mask>-chul died from medical malpractice. Kang was struck off the medical register, fined and sentenced to one year in jail. The death of <mask> through malpractice led to a revision of the law in South Korea to allow a state-run agency to help in malpractice cases. The law is referred to as the "Shin Hae-chul Law." Discography Muhangwedo Studio albums As a solo artist Studio albums Extended plays N.EX.T Books <mask>e-chul; Ji Seung-ho (2008).쾌변독설. Buen Libro. <mask>-chul (2014). 마왕 신해철 (Mawang <mask>e-chul). Munhakdongne Publishing Corp. References 1968 births 2014 deaths South Korean atheists South Korean composers South Korean male singers South Korean male film actors South Korean male television actors South Korean radio presenters South Korean pop rock singers South Korean electronic musicians South Korean songwriters South Korean record producers

<mask> was a South Korean singer and record producer who was known for being a pioneer of Korean experimental rock music. Fans referred to him as the "Demon Lord" or "The Devil" for his charismatic stage presence. The band won first place for their song "To You" at the 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival. N.EX.T was formed in 1992. He hosted a radio show from 2001 to 2012 <mask> died as a result of medical malpractice. <mask> was born on May 6, 1968.He dropped out of Sogang University to focus on his music career. <mask> formed the band Muhangwedo when he was a sophomore at Sogang University. The band received national attention when it appeared on the MBC Campus Music Festival. The song "To You" was written by <mask>. When Our Lives Are Almost Over was released by the band. <mask>'s first solo album was released in 1990 and included a song that had an English rap, which was unconventional in the Korean music scene at the time. <mask> rose to the top of the Korean pop music charts after the album was a huge hit.His second solo album, Myself, was the first in Korea to use Midi. He began his career as a radio DJ. The N.EX.T. is a building. The band N.EX.T. was formed in 1992. The person moved from pop music to rock. Home was a concept album. <mask> started to write more about social issues, such as the fast lifestyle of urbanites in "City People".The group's second album was titled The Return of N.EX.T Part 1: The Being where <mask> introduced more philosophical lyrics, such as questioning the meaning of life in the song "The Ocean: About Immortality". The Return of N.EX.T Part 2: World is the band's third album. <mask> was the constant lead singer of the band. He also did a one-time collaboration with singer Sang Yoon to form Nodance, wrote the original sound track for the Korean movie Jungle Story, and was the DJ for a radio program. His own label was created in 1996. N.EX.T. took place in 1997. "Here, I Stand for You" sold half a million copies in South Korea.The lyrics of this song are engraved on his tombstone. The band's fourth album, Lazenca: A Space Rock Opera, was the original sound track for the television animation series Lazenca. <mask> studied music producing in London after the band split up. <mask> re-named himself "Crom In London" and released a techno album in 1998. He formed a project group called Monocrom with guitarist Chris Tsangarides and released a project album. Heavy metal, rap, and Korean folk music were combined in the album. Most of the songs in this album were written in English.<mask> went to New York after the release of Monocrom to work on his live album and some Korean movie soundtracks. He created a band to make a home studio album of the same name. The song "Zergs are Coming" was written by him. Return of N.EX.T. <mask> returned to Korea in 2002 and worked on various projects, mainly writing songs for other artists. The group N.EX.T. was re- formed in 2004. The Return of N.EX.T Part 3 was a double album.He started DJing on a late night radio show called Ghost Nation. N.EX.T. took place in 2007. The Songs for the One was inspired by his newborn daughter. The band released an album in 2008. "Reboot Myself" was the band's final album after a long break. The album named "Tribute to Park Nohae's Collection of poems The Dawn of Labor 20th anniversary" was produced by <mask>. The recordings are dedicated to poetry in the history of Korean music.He did a great job in a short time. He sang "Heaven" with Psy. Mr. <mask> hosted several radio programs, including Music City with <mask> and GhostStation with <mask>. His fans call him the Demon Lord. <mask> ended Ghost Nation on September 16, 2007. He said that the broadcasting will be continuously served through the web, but not through MBC. He married Yoon Won-hee just before the 2002 election.The Songs for the One was dedicated to his wife and daughter. <mask> made a guest appearance on the MBC show in which he was suffering from prosopagnosia. He hosted a brand-new TV comedy debate program with a similar format to the MBC's 100 Minute Debate. He was a victim of Hidden Camera on July 29, 2007. Death <mask> was treated by a doctor at Sky Hospital. The stomach reduction surgery was carried out without <mask>'s consent. Peritonitis was caused by the puncture of <mask>'s upper small intestine and pericardium.<mask> suffered a heart attack on October 22 and died on October 27 from a variety of illnesses, including peritonitis, pericarditis, and brain damage due to lack of oxygen. <mask>'s family stopped his cremation at the request of his friends. The police found that <mask>e-chul died from medical malpractice. He was fined and sentenced to one year in jail after being struck off the medical register. A revision of the law in South Korea allowed a state-run agency to help in malpractice cases after the death of <mask>. The law is called the "Shin Hae-chul Law." Discography Muhangwedo studio albums as a solo artist studio albums extended plays.. Buen Libro. <mask>e-chul. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, There are references to 1968 births and deaths of South Korean people.

28016891

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawid%20Kostecki

Dawid Kostecki

Dawid Kostecki (27 June 1981 – 2 August 2019) was a Polish professional boxer who fought at light heavyweight. Personal life Kostecki was born in Rzeszów, Poland. He married Edyta and they had four children. Boxing titles WBC Youth Light Heavyweight Title (2004) WBF Light Heavyweight Title (2005) IBC Light Heavyweight Title (2010) (2) WBF Light Heavyweight Title (2010) WBC Baltic Light Heavyweight Title (2010) WBA Inter-Continental Light Heavyweight Title (2011) Scheduled bout against Roy Jones Jr. Dawid Kostecki is best remembered in boxing circles for a scheduled bout which never took place. In a major opportunity bout which could have propelled Kostecki into the worldwide light heavyweight ratings, Roy Jones was supposed to face Kostecki in a 10 round bout at Atlas Arena on 30 June 2012. Days before the fight, Kostecki was convicted of being the ringleader of a criminal organization and was imprisoned. Another Polish boxer, Paweł Głażewski stepped in to fight Jones instead. Jones defeated the 17-0 Głażewski by 10 round split decision. Kostecki missed the career change of a lifetime by now being able to fight the legendary ex-world champion Jones, who had signed for the bout, who showed up in Poland contractually anyway, and who fought a different Polish contender instead. Escort business and prison On 31 October 2011, the District Court in Rzeszów sentenced Kostecki to 2.5 years in prison for setting up and co-owning a criminal group. From 2003 to 2007 the group conducted three escort agencies. Investigators also accused him of trafficking in amphetamine, but the court acquitted him of the charge. He lodged an appeal. On 10 May 2012 the Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of 2.5 years imprisonment. On 13 August 2014, he was released from prison early. He was subsequently returned to prison again in Warsaw in 2016 for five years after his fifth conviction, for drug trafficking, car theft, running a prostitution escort ring, and income tax evasion. Comeback to ring After emerging from prison in 2014, Kostecki extended his contract by four years with Andrzej Wasilewski, owner of the Poland's Knockout Promotions. Kostecki's comeback attempt ended in failure as he lost an eight round decision to Andrzej Soldra in Krakow Arena in Krakow Poland on 8 November 2014. Kostecki never fought again, finishing with a pro record of 39-2 with 25 knockouts. Death Kostecki committed suicide by hanging in a Warsaw prison using bedsheets on 2 August 2019. He was survived by his wife and children. Professional record |- |align="center" colspan=8|39 Wins (25 knockouts), 2 Loss, 0 Draw |- |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Round |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes |-align=center |- align=center |Loss |39-2 |align=left| Andrzej Sołdra |UD || 8 |2014-11-08 || align=left| Kraków |align=left| |- align=center |-align=center |Win |39–1 |align=left| Sandro Siproshvili | UD || 6 |2012-04-21 || align=left| Zabrze |align=left| |-align=center |Win |38–1 |align=left| Byron Mitchell | KO || 4 |2011-12-03 || align=left| Warszawa |align=left| |-align=center |Win |37–1 |align=left| Lolenga Mock | UD || 10 |2011-06-25 || align=left| Rzeszów |align=left| |-align=center |Win |36–1 |align=left| Juan Nelongo | UD || 6 |2011-03-05 || align=left| Krynica Zdrój |align=left| |-align=center |Win |35–1 |align=left| Shawn Corbin | TKO || 4 |2010-10-23 || align=left| Warszawa |align=left| |-align=center |Win |34–1 |align=left| Giulian Ilie | UD || 12 |2010-04-24 || align=left| Gdynia |align=left| |-align=center |Win |33–1 |align=left| Dario Cichello | TKO || 7 |2010-02-06 || align=left| Rzeszów |align=left| |-align=center |Win |32–1 |align=left| Istvan Varga | TKO || 1 |2009-12-18 || align=left| Łódź |align=left| |-align=center |Win |31–1 |align=left| Grzegorz Soszyński | UD ||10 |2009-10-24 || align=left| Łódź |align=left| |-align=center |Win |30–1 |align=left| Martial Bella Oleme | UD ||8 |2009-02-28 || align=left| Lublin |align=left| |-align=center |Win |29–1 |align=left| Samson Onyango | TKO || 5 |2008-12-13 || align=left| Ketrzyn |align=left| |-align=center |Win |28–1 |align=left| Marcelo Leandro Da Silva | TKO || 1 |2008-09-14 || align=left| Kielce |align=left| |-align=center |Win |27–1 |align=left| Armen Azizian | UD || 8 |2008-02-29 || align=left| Lublin |align=left| |-align=center |Win |26–1 |align=left| Antonio Pedro Quiganga | TKO || 2 |2007-12-15 || align=left| Rzeszów |align=left| |-align=center |Win |25–1 |align=left| Bernard Donfack | UD || 8 |2007-10-13 || align=left| Moscow |align=left| |-align=center |Win |24–1 |align=left| Paul David | KO || 1 |2007-09-22 || align=left| Bytom |align=left| |-align=center |Win |23–1 |align=left| Ramdane Serdjane | DQ || 6 |2006-10-28 || align=left| Dębica |align=left| |-align=center |Win |22–1 |align=left| Andreas Günther | KO || 2 |2006-07-01 || align=left| Kepno |align=left| |-align=center |Loss |21–1 |align=left| Rachid Kanfouah | KO || 9 |2006-05-06 || align=left| Krosno |align=left| |-align=center |Win |21–0 |align=left| Richard Nwoba | KO || 2 |2006-01-21 || align=left| Busko Zdrój |align=left| |-align=center |Win |20–0 |align=left| Ismail Abdoul | UD || 12 |2005-10-15 || align=left| Rzeszów |align=left| |-align=center |Win |19–0 |align=left| Joseph Marwa | TKO || 5 |2005-05-21 || align=left| Zdzieszowice |align=left| |-align=center |Win |18–0 |align=left| Mukadi Shambuyi | KO || 3 |2005-03-12 || align=left| Poznań |align=left| |-align=center |Win |17–0 |align=left| Tucker Lambert | KO || 3 |2005-01-21 || align=left| Elk Grove |align=left| |-align=center |Win |16–0 |align=left| Dhafir Smith | UD || 10 |2004-12-19 || align=left| Rzeszów |align=left| |-align=center |Win |15–0 |align=left| Talal Santiago | PTS || 6 |2004-11-20 || align=left| Strzelce Opolskie |align=left| |-align=center |Win |14–0 |align=left| Gasper Mathew | TKO || 5 |2004-09-25 || align=left| Opole |align=left| |-align=center |Win |13–0 |align=left| Dmitry Treskov | TKO || 6 |2004-06-05 || align=left| Dąbrowa Górnicza |align=left| |-align=center |Win |12–0 |align=left| Ivica Cukusic | KO || 2 |2004-04-24 || align=left| Dąbrowa Górnicza |align=left| |-align=center |Win |11–0 |align=left| George Adipo Odour | TKO || 6 |2004-03-27 || align=left| Radom |align=left| |-align=center |Win |10–0 |align=left| Stefan Stanko | KO || 1 |2004-03-13 || align=left| Berlin |align=left| |-align=center |Win |9–0 |align=left| Pavel Zima | TKO || 3 |2003-12-13 || align=left| Opole |align=left| |-align=center |Win |8–0 |align=left| Otto Nemeth | TKO || 2 |2003-10-24 || align=left| Wrocław |align=left| |-align=center |Win |7–0 |align=left| Bruce Özbek | PTS || 6 |2003-09-27 || align=left| Gorzów Wielkopolski |align=left| |-align=center |Win |6–0 |align=left| Florian Benche | PTS || 4 |2003-06-28 || align=left| Opole |align=left| |-align=center |Win |5–0 |align=left| Dmitry Adamovich | KO || 3 |2002-05-24 || align=left| Płońsk |align=left| |-align=center |Win |4–0 |align=left| Sandor Szakaly | TKO || 1 |2002-04-13 || align=left| Bielsko Biała |align=left| |-align=center |Win |3–0 |align=left| Piotr Ścieszka | TKO || 2 |2002-02-23 || align=left| Włocławek |align=left| |-align=center |Win |2–0 |align=left| unknown | KO || 2 |2001-12-29 || align=left| Konin |align=left| |-align=center |Win |1–0 |align=left| Marcin Najman | TKO || 4 |2001-11-24 || align=left| Łódź |align=left| |-align=center References 1981 births 2019 deaths Polish Romani people People from Rzeszów Romani sportspeople Place of death missing Sportspeople from Podkarpackie Voivodeship Polish male boxers Suicides by hanging in Poland Light-heavyweight boxers 2019 suicides People who committed suicide in prison custody

<mask> <mask> (27 June 1981 – 2 August 2019) was a Polish professional boxer who fought at light heavyweight. Personal life <mask> was born in Rzeszów, Poland. He married Edyta and they had four children. Boxing titles WBC Youth Light Heavyweight Title (2004) WBF Light Heavyweight Title (2005) IBC Light Heavyweight Title (2010) (2) WBF Light Heavyweight Title (2010) WBC Baltic Light Heavyweight Title (2010) WBA Inter-Continental Light Heavyweight Title (2011) Scheduled bout against Roy Jones Jr. <mask> is best remembered in boxing circles for a scheduled bout which never took place. In a major opportunity bout which could have propelled <mask> into the worldwide light heavyweight ratings, Roy Jones was supposed to face <mask> in a 10 round bout at Atlas Arena on 30 June 2012. Days before the fight, <mask> was convicted of being the ringleader of a criminal organization and was imprisoned. Another Polish boxer, Paweł Głażewski stepped in to fight Jones instead.Jones defeated the 17-0 Głażewski by 10 round split decision. <mask> missed the career change of a lifetime by now being able to fight the legendary ex-world champion Jones, who had signed for the bout, who showed up in Poland contractually anyway, and who fought a different Polish contender instead. Escort business and prison On 31 October 2011, the District Court in Rzeszów sentenced <mask> to 2.5 years in prison for setting up and co-owning a criminal group. From 2003 to 2007 the group conducted three escort agencies. Investigators also accused him of trafficking in amphetamine, but the court acquitted him of the charge. He lodged an appeal. On 10 May 2012 the Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of 2.5 years imprisonment.On 13 August 2014, he was released from prison early. He was subsequently returned to prison again in Warsaw in 2016 for five years after his fifth conviction, for drug trafficking, car theft, running a prostitution escort ring, and income tax evasion. Comeback to ring After emerging from prison in 2014, <mask> extended his contract by four years with Andrzej Wasilewski, owner of the Poland's Knockout Promotions. <mask>'s comeback attempt ended in failure as he lost an eight round decision to Andrzej Soldra in Krakow Arena in Krakow Poland on 8 November 2014. <mask> never fought again, finishing with a pro record of 39-2 with 25 knockouts. Death <mask> committed suicide by hanging in a Warsaw prison using bedsheets on 2 August 2019. He was survived by his wife and children.

There was a professional boxer who fought at light weight. He was born in Rzeszw, Poland. He and Edyta had four children. A scheduled bout against Roy Jones Jr. is one of the best remembered boxing titles of all time. Roy Jones was supposed to face <mask> in a 10 round bout at Atlas Arena on June 30, 2012 in a major opportunity bout which could have propelled him into the worldwide light heavyweights ratings. The ring leader of a criminal organization was imprisoned days before the fight. Another Polish boxer, Pawe Gaewski, stepped in to fight Jones.Jones defeated Gaewski by a 10 round split decision. Jones, who had signed for the bout, showed up in Poland contractually anyway, and who fought a different Polish contender instead. The District Court in Rzeszw sentenced him to 2.5 years in prison for setting up and co-owning a criminal group. Three escort agencies were conducted by the group. The court acquitted him of the amphetamine charge. He appealed. The judgement of 2.5 years imprisonment was upheld by the Court of Appeal.He was released from prison early. He was sent back to prison in Warsaw for five years after his fifth conviction for drug trafficking, car theft, running a prostitution escort ring, and income tax evasion. The owner of the Poland's Knockout Promotions extended his contract with the man who came back to ring after spending time in prison. He lost an eight round decision to Andrzej Soldra in Krakow Arena in Krakow Poland on 8 November. He finished with a pro record of 39-2 with 25 knockouts. Death hanged himself in a Warsaw prison on August 2, 2019. His wife and children were by his side.

1440070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Castro

Tommy Castro

Tommy Castro (born April 15, 1955, San Jose, California, United States) is an American blues, R&B, and rock guitarist and singer. He has been recording since the mid-1990s. His music has taken him from local stages to national and international touring. His popularity was marked by his winning the 2008 Blues Music Award for Entertainer of the Year. According to The Chicago Sun-Times, Castro plays "Memphis soul-drenched R&B…top-of-the-line blues." Tom Callahan of Blurt added, "Castro has a soulful voice, searing guitar and is an excellent songwriter and vocalist. If you close your eyes you will be convinced that you are listening to Otis Redding singing in 1967…tremendous." Biography Castro began playing guitar at the age of 10 and was influenced and inspired by electric blues, Chicago blues, West Coast blues, soul music, 1960s rock and roll and Southern rock. His style has always been a hybrid of all his favorite genres. He names Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Eric Clapton, B.B. King, Buddy Guy, Elmore James and Freddie King as guitar influences and Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett and James Brown as vocal influences. He began playing professionally in Bay Area cover-song bands in the 1970s. In the 1980s he joined the Warner Bros. Records' band The Dynatones. In San Francisco, he began playing with North Beach musicians in the 1980s. He cited Johnny Nitro and Johnny Ace as early mentors at that stage in his life. Since 1991, he has led his own bands, featuring a drummer, a bass guitar player, and a saxophone player (Keith Crossan has held the saxophone position for many years). As of 2009, he had added trumpeter Tom Poole and keyboards to the band. He was signed to Blind Pig Records label and released Exception to the Rule in late 1996. It won the 1997 Bay Area Music Award for Outstanding Blues Album, and Castro also took the award for Outstanding Blues Musician that same year. Castro was also an early adopter of the internet's new graphical web browsers to promote his music. He established his web presence in September 1995, and registered his first domain name in December 1996. In the mid-1990s The Tommy Castro Band served as the house band for three seasons on NBC Television's Comedy Showcase (airing right after Saturday Night Live), bringing him in front of millions of viewers every week. In 2001 and 2002, B.B. King asked Castro to open his summer concert tours. Castro received an open invitation to join King on stage for the nightly finale. Castro has released albums on the Telarc, 33rd Street and Heart And Soul and most recently on the Alligator label, as well as on Blind Pig. His album Guilty of Love featured the last recording session for John Lee Hooker. In 2002 he was featured on the Bo Diddley tribute album Hey Bo Diddley – A Tribute!, performing the song "I Can Tell". In 2007 the readers of BluesWax (online magazine) voted Painkiller as BluesWax album of the year. It also won the 2008 Blues Music Award for Contemporary Blues Album of the Year. In 2009, Castro joined the roster of Chicago's Alligator Records with his release Hard Believer, produced by John Porter. The album was described by Billboard as "irresistibly funky…it has a street-level grit and a soulful sincerity that's impossible to ignore." Blues Revue said Hard Believer is "a fine set of roadhouse-rockin' blues.". Blurt says, "Hard Believer might just be the best yet from this veteran Bay Area blues artist." In May 2010, The Blues Foundation awarded Castro multiple Blues Music Award honors for Blues Male Artist of the Year, Contemporary Blues Album of the Year, B.B. King Entertainer of the Year, and with his band, Band of the Year. In 2011, Castro stripped down his band to a four-piece unit called the Painkillers with bassist Randy McDonald from the original Tommy Castro Band, keyboardist James Pace and original Painkillers drummer Byron Cage. 2013's The Devil You Know, was recorded with this line-up plus guest appearances by Marcia Ball, Tab Benoit, Joe Bonamassa, The Holmes Brothers, and Magic Dick. The album was reviewed by Allmusic.com, saying "Castro brings fiery garage energy to everything. His guitar playing is fired up and roaring with a renewed sharpness that keeps the pot boiling. His voice is a soulful and versatile blue-collar growl. This album is full of the blues, but it's also like a full-charged blue-eyed R&B and soul review, making this one of Castro's finest releases." In 2015, recording with long-standing bassist Randy McDonald, keyboard player Mike Emerson (Elvin Bishop, Carlene Carter, James Armstrong, Petty Theft), and drummer Bowen Brown he released, Method To My Madness, which debuted at number four in the Billboard Blues Albums Chart. On September 29, 2017, he released Stompin' Ground (Alligator) again with Painkilllers' bassist Randy McDonald, keyboardist Mike Emerson and drummer Bowen Brown. As on his previous albums, Castro had several guests including Charlie Musselwhite (harp and vocals on “Live Every Day”), Mike Zito (guitar and vocals on “Rock Bottom”), Danielle Nicole (vocals on “Soul Shake”), and Los Lobos’ David Hidalgo (guitar and vocals on “Them Changes”). Discography 1994: No Foolin' [live] (Saloon) 1995: Exception to the Rule (Blind Pig) 1997: Can't Keep a Good Man Down (Blind Pig) 1999: Right as Rain (Blind Pig) 2000: Live at the Fillmore (Blind Pig) 2001: The Essential Tommy Castro (Blind Pig) 2001: Guilty of Love (33rd Street) 2001: Mystic Theater Live (promotional 4-song EP) (33rd Street) 2003: Gratitude (Heart & Soul; now on Oarfin) 2003: Triple Trouble with Jimmy Hall & Lloyd Jones (Telarc) 2005: Soul Shaker (Blind Pig) 2007: Painkiller (Blind Pig) 2008: Command Performance: Legendary Rhythm & Blues Revue (Delta Groove) 2009: Hard Believer (Alligator) 2011: Tommy Castro Presents The Legendary Rhythm & Blues Revue - Live! (Alligator) 2012: "Greedy"/"That's All I Got" (7" single) (Alligator) 2014: The Devil You Know (Alligator) 2015: Method To My Madness (Alligator) 2017: Stompin' Ground (Alligator) 2019: Killin' It Live (Alligator) 2021: Tommy Castro Presents A Bluesman Came To Town (Alligator) References External links Tommy Castro Band website 1955 births Living people American blues guitarists American male guitarists American blues singers Musicians from San Jose, California Soul-blues musicians Contemporary blues musicians Guitarists from California 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American male musicians Alligator Records artists Blind Pig Records artists Telarc Records artists

<mask> (born April 15, 1955, San Jose, California, United States) is an American blues, R&B, and rock guitarist and singer. He has been recording since the mid-1990s. His music has taken him from local stages to national and international touring. His popularity was marked by his winning the 2008 Blues Music Award for Entertainer of the Year. According to The Chicago Sun-Times, <mask> plays "Memphis soul-drenched R&B…top-of-the-line blues." Tom Callahan of Blurt added, "<mask> has a soulful voice, searing guitar and is an excellent songwriter and vocalist. If you close your eyes you will be convinced that you are listening to Otis Redding singing in 1967…tremendous."Biography <mask> began playing guitar at the age of 10 and was influenced and inspired by electric blues, Chicago blues, West Coast blues, soul music, 1960s rock and roll and Southern rock. His style has always been a hybrid of all his favorite genres. He names Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Eric Clapton, B.B. King, Buddy Guy, Elmore James and Freddie King as guitar influences and Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett and James Brown as vocal influences. He began playing professionally in Bay Area cover-song bands in the 1970s. In the 1980s he joined the Warner Bros. Records' band The Dynatones. In San Francisco, he began playing with North Beach musicians in the 1980s.He cited Johnny Nitro and Johnny Ace as early mentors at that stage in his life. Since 1991, he has led his own bands, featuring a drummer, a bass guitar player, and a saxophone player (Keith Crossan has held the saxophone position for many years). As of 2009, he had added trumpeter Tom Poole and keyboards to the band. He was signed to Blind Pig Records label and released Exception to the Rule in late 1996. It won the 1997 Bay Area Music Award for Outstanding Blues Album, and <mask> also took the award for Outstanding Blues Musician that same year. <mask> was also an early adopter of the internet's new graphical web browsers to promote his music. He established his web presence in September 1995, and registered his first domain name in December 1996.In the mid-1990s The <mask> Band served as the house band for three seasons on NBC Television's Comedy Showcase (airing right after Saturday Night Live), bringing him in front of millions of viewers every week. In 2001 and 2002, B.B. King asked <mask> to open his summer concert tours. <mask> received an open invitation to join King on stage for the nightly finale. <mask> has released albums on the Telarc, 33rd Street and Heart And Soul and most recently on the Alligator label, as well as on Blind Pig. His album Guilty of Love featured the last recording session for John Lee Hooker. In 2002 he was featured on the Bo Diddley tribute album Hey Bo Diddley – A Tribute!, performing the song "I Can Tell".In 2007 the readers of BluesWax (online magazine) voted Painkiller as BluesWax album of the year. It also won the 2008 Blues Music Award for Contemporary Blues Album of the Year. In 2009, <mask> joined the roster of Chicago's Alligator Records with his release Hard Believer, produced by John Porter. The album was described by Billboard as "irresistibly funky…it has a street-level grit and a soulful sincerity that's impossible to ignore." Blues Revue said Hard Believer is "a fine set of roadhouse-rockin' blues.". Blurt says, "Hard Believer might just be the best yet from this veteran Bay Area blues artist." In May 2010, The Blues Foundation awarded <mask> multiple Blues Music Award honors for Blues Male Artist of the Year, Contemporary Blues Album of the Year, B.B.King Entertainer of the Year, and with his band, Band of the Year. In 2011, <mask> stripped down his band to a four-piece unit called the Painkillers with bassist Randy McDonald from the original Tommy <mask> Band, keyboardist James Pace and original Painkillers drummer Byron Cage. 2013's The Devil You Know, was recorded with this line-up plus guest appearances by Marcia Ball, Tab Benoit, Joe Bonamassa, The Holmes Brothers, and Magic Dick. The album was reviewed by Allmusic.com, saying "<mask> brings fiery garage energy to everything. His guitar playing is fired up and roaring with a renewed sharpness that keeps the pot boiling. His voice is a soulful and versatile blue-collar growl. This album is full of the blues, but it's also like a full-charged blue-eyed R&B and soul review, making this one of <mask>'s finest releases."In 2015, recording with long-standing bassist Randy McDonald, keyboard player Mike Emerson (Elvin Bishop, Carlene Carter, James Armstrong, Petty Theft), and drummer Bowen Brown he released, Method To My Madness, which debuted at number four in the Billboard Blues Albums Chart. On September 29, 2017, he released Stompin' Ground (Alligator) again with Painkilllers' bassist Randy McDonald, keyboardist Mike Emerson and drummer Bowen Brown. As on his previous albums, <mask> had several guests including Charlie Musselwhite (harp and vocals on “Live Every Day”), Mike Zito (guitar and vocals on “Rock Bottom”), Danielle Nicole (vocals on “Soul Shake”), and Los Lobos’ David Hidalgo (guitar and vocals on “Them Changes”). Discography 1994: No Foolin' [live] (Saloon) 1995: Exception to the Rule (Blind Pig) 1997: Can't Keep a Good Man Down (Blind Pig) 1999: Right as Rain (Blind Pig) 2000: Live at the Fillmore (Blind Pig) 2001: The Essential <mask> (Blind Pig) 2001: Guilty of Love (33rd Street) 2001: Mystic Theater Live (promotional 4-song EP) (33rd Street) 2003: Gratitude (Heart & Soul; now on Oarfin) 2003: Triple Trouble with Jimmy Hall & Lloyd Jones (Telarc) 2005: Soul Shaker (Blind Pig) 2007: Painkiller (Blind Pig) 2008: Command Performance: Legendary Rhythm & Blues Revue (Delta Groove) 2009: Hard Believer (Alligator) 2011: <mask> Presents The Legendary Rhythm & Blues Revue - Live! (Alligator) 2012: "Greedy"/"That's All I Got" (7" single) (Alligator) 2014: The Devil You Know (Alligator) 2015: Method To My Madness (Alligator) 2017: Stompin' Ground (Alligator) 2019: Killin' It Live (Alligator) 2021: Tommy Castro Presents A Bluesman Came To Town (Alligator) References External links <mask> Castro Band website 1955 births Living people American blues guitarists American male guitarists American blues singers Musicians from San Jose, California Soul-blues musicians Contemporary blues musicians Guitarists from California 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American male musicians Alligator Records artists Blind Pig Records artists Telarc Records artists

<mask> (born April 15, 1955, San Jose, California, United States) is an American blues, R&B, and rock guitarist and singer. He has been recording for a long time. From local stages to national and international touring, his music has taken him. He won the 2008 Blues Music Award for Entertainer of the Year. <mask> plays "Memphis soul-drenched R&B...top-of-the-line blues" according to The Chicago Sun-Times. <mask> has a great voice, a great guitar, and is an excellent singer. If you close your eyes, you will hear Otis Redding singing in 1967.<mask> began playing guitar at the age of 10 and was influenced by electric blues, Chicago blues, West Coast blues, soul music, 1960s rock and Roll and Southern rock. His style is always a mix of his favorite genres. He names several people, including Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Eric Clapton, and B.B. King, Buddy Guy, Elmore James and Freddie King are some of the guitar and vocal influences. He started playing in cover-song bands in the 70s. He was a member of Warner Bros. Records' band The Dynatones. He began playing with North Beach musicians in the 1980s.At that time in his life, he cited Johnny Nitro and Johnny Ace as his early mentors. He has led his own bands with a drummer, a bass guitar player, and a saxophone player. He added a trumpeter and keyboards to the band. Exception to the Rule was released by Blind Pig Records. <mask> took the award for Outstanding Blues Musician in 1997 and it was the same year that it won the Bay Area Music Award for Outstanding Blues Album. <mask> used the internet's new graphical web browsers to promote his music. He registered his first domain name in December 1996.The <mask> Band was the house band for three seasons on NBC Television's comedy showcase, and they brought him in front of millions of viewers every week. B.B. was born in 2001 and 2002. <mask> was asked by King to open his summer tour. <mask> was invited to join King on stage. <mask> has released albums on a number of labels, most recently on the Alligator label. The last recording session for John Lee Hooker was featured in his album Guilty of Love. He performed the song "I Can Tell" on the Bo Diddley tribute album.Painkiller was voted the BluesWax album of the year by the readers. The 2008 Blues Music Award for Contemporary Blues Album of the Year was won by it. <mask>'s release Hard Believer was produced by John Porter. The album was described as "irresistibly funky...it has a street-level grit and a soul that's impossible to ignore." Hard Believer is a fine set of roadhouse-rockin' blues. Blurt says, "Hard Believer might be the best yet from this veteran Bay Area blues artist." <mask> received multiple Blues Music Award honors in May 2010 for Blues Male Artist of the Year, Contemporary Blues Album of the Year, and B.B.His band, Band of the Year, was King Entertainer of the Year. The Painkillers were a four-piece band that included <mask>'s original band members, as well as Randy McDonald from the original <mask> Band. The Devil You Know was recorded with this line-up and guest appearances. Allmusic.com said <mask> brings fiery garage energy to everything. His guitar playing keeps the pot boiling as it is fired up and roaring with renewed sharpness. His voice has a blue-collar growl. This album is full of the blues, but it's also like a full-charged blue-eyed R&B and soul review, making it one of <mask>'s finest releases.Method To My Madness, which was released in 2015, was number four on the Blues album chart. Stompin' Ground was released with Painkilllers' bassist Randy McDonald and keyboardist Mike Emerson. On his previous albums, <mask> had guests such as Charlie Musselwhite, Mike Zito, Danielle Nicole, and Los Lobos. 1995: Exception to the Rule (Blind Pig), 1997: Can't Keep a Good Man Down, and 2000: Live at the Fillmore. Method To My Madness (Alligator) 2017: Stompin' Ground

31106335

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricky%20Pitbull

Patricky Pitbull

Patricky "Pitbull" Freire (born January 21, 1986) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist currently competing in Bellator's Lightweight division, where he is the current Bellator Lightweight World Champion. Mixed martial arts career Bellator MMA After competing in many Brazilian promotions, Freire compiled a 7-1 record before entering the Bellator Season Four Lightweight Tournament. He faced former WEC Lightweight Champion, Rob McCullough at Bellator 36 on March 12, 2011 in the opening round of the tournament. He won via TKO in the third round. Freire went on to face two-time finalist Toby Imada in the semifinal at Bellator 39. Freire defeated Imada via knockout in the first round after landing a brutal flying knee and following up with a flurry of punches which caused Imada to fall to the mat unconscious. The win saw him progress to the final of the tournament where he faced fellow finalist Michael Chandler at Bellator 44. Freire lost via unanimous decision. Freire next faced Kurt Pellegrino at Bellator 59 on November 26, 2011. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. Freire faced Eddie Alvarez at Bellator 76. After a back-and-forth opening minute that saw both fighters rocked, he lost the fight via knockout in the first round. It was announced that Freire will face Guillaume De Lorenzi in the Bellator 2013 Lightweight Tournament on January 31. Unfortunately, Freire suffered an injury and pulled out of the Lightweight Tournament a few days prior to this fight. Freire returned to the Bellator cage on September 7, 2013 as he faced Derek Anderson at Bellator 98. Despite winning the first round, Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision. In March 2014, Freire entered into the Bellator Season Ten Lightweight Tournament, where he faced David Rickels in the opening round at Bellator 113. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. In the semifinals, he faced Derek Campos at Bellator 117. Again he won the fight via TKO in the second round. He was scheduled to face Marcin Held in the finals at Bellator 120. However, Held was forced out of the bout due to injury, and the fight was subsequently cancelled. The bout eventually took place at Bellator 126 on September 26, 2014. Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision. After nearly a year away from the sport, Freire returned to face Saad Awad at Bellator 141 on August 28, 2015. He won the fight by unanimous decision. In the first rematch of his career, Freire faced Derek Anderson for a second time on December 4, 2015 at Bellator 147. He again lost the fight, this time by controversial split decision. Freire replaced an injured Derek Anderson to face Ryan Couture at Bellator 148 on January 29, 2016. He won the bout via knockout in the first round. It was announced that Freire will face Derek Campos for the second time as the Bellator 152 main event. Just four days before their scheduled bout Campos pulled out due to injury and replaced by the newly signed former UFC fighter Kevin Souza. In May 2016, Bellator President Scott Coker announced that Freire would have a rematch against Michael Chandler at Bellator 157 on June 17, 2016. The bout was for the vacant Bellator Lightweight Championship, which was vacated when champion Will Brooks was released from the promotion. Freire lost the fight via knockout in the first round. Freire returned to the Bellator cage on February 18, 2017 in the main event at Bellator 172 against Josh Thomson. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. Freire was expected to face Derek Campos for a second time at Bellator 167 on December 3, 2016, however Freire was forced out of the bout due to an injury. The rematch was scheduled to take place at Bellator 181 on July 14, 2017. However, Freire instead faced Benson Henderson at Bellator 183 on September 23, 2017. He won the fight by split decision. Freire is facing a 180-day medical suspension, unless he gets physician clearance regarding right rib pain. Freire faced Derek Campos in a rematch at Bellator 194 on February 16, 2018. He won the fight via TKO in round one. Freire faced Roger Huerta on September 21, 2018 at Bellator 205. He won the fight via knockout. Bellator booked Freire against newcomer Ryan Scope for their first show in the Bellator Europe series that marked the start of the organization's partnership with Channel 5 and Sky Sports. The event was called Bellator Newcastle and took place on February 11th. Despite rupturing a tendon in his right wrist on the first round of the fight, Freire won by split decision. On February 20, 2019, Bellator announced that Freire had signed a multi-year, multi-fight contract extension with the organization. Rizin FF Due to his brother being the prevailing Bellator Lightweight champion, Patricky decided to take part in Rizin FF Lightweight tournament. In the first round of the tournament, Freire faced Tatsuya Kawajiri at Rizin 19 on October 12, 2019. He won the fight via knockout in the first round. In the semifinals of the grand prix Freire faced Luiz Gustavo at Rizin 20 - Saitama on December 31, 2019. Freire won the fight via a first minute knockout and advanced to the grand prix final. The 2019 Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix final was held in the same event with the semifinals. Despite Musayev receiving a yellow card in the second card, Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision after being knocked down and largely dominated in every round. Post-Rizin GP In the first fight after the Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix, Freire was expected to headline Bellator Dublin 2 against Peter Queally on October 3, 2020. However, Queally was forced to withdraw from the bout due to a hand injury. Freire was subsequently rebooked to face Jaleel Willis two weeks later at Bellator 249 on October 15, 2020. In turn, this bout was cancelled the day of the event when the Mohegan Tribal Athletic Commission deemed Freire unable to compete due to what was termed an undisclosed medical issue. Freire faced Peter Queally at Bellator 258 on May 7, 2021. After sustaining a cut on his forehead from an elbow while Queally was on the bottom, the doctor stopped the fight between rounds after the cutman was unable to stop the bleeding. Freire rematched Peter Queally at Bellator 270 on November 5, 2021. On October 6, 2021, Patricky's younger brother and Bellator MMA Lightweight Champion Patrício Pitbull announced he vacated the title and that the rematch with Queally would be for the Bellator MMA Lightweight Championship. Freire won the bout via second round technical knockout to become Bellator Lightweight World Champion. Championships and awards Bellator MMA Bellator Lightweight World Championship (One time; current) Bellator Season Four Lightweight Tournament Runner-Up Bellator Season Ten Lightweight Tournament Runner-Up Tied (with Michael Page) for most knockout wins in Bellator history (10) Most knockout wins in Bellator Lightweight division history (10) Most fights in Bellator Lightweight division history (23) Tied (with Michael Chandler) for the most wins in Bellator Lightweight division history (15) Tied (with Michael Chandler) for the most stoppage wins in Bellator Lightweight division history (10) MMAJunkie January 2016 Knockout of the Month vs. Ryan Couture on January 29 Rizin Fighting Federation 2019 Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix Runner-Up Mixed martial arts record |- |Win |align=center|24–10 |Peter Queally |TKO (punches) |Bellator 270 | |align=center|2 |align=center|1:05 |Dublin, Ireland | |- |Loss |align=center| 23–10 |Peter Queally |TKO (doctor stoppage) |Bellator 258 | |align=center|2 |align=center|5:00 |Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | |- |Loss |align=center|23–9 |Tofiq Musayev |Decision (unanimous) |rowspan=2 |Rizin 20 |rowspan=2 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |rowspan=2 |Saitama, Japan | |- |Win |align=center| 23–8 |Luiz Gustavo |KO (punches and soccer kick) |align=center|1 |align=center|0:28 | |- |Win |align=center| 22–8 |Tatsuya Kawajiri |KO (flying knee and punches) |Rizin 19 | |align=center|1 |align=center|1:10 |Osaka, Japan | |- |Win |align=center| 21–8 |Ryan Scope |Decision (split) |Bellator Newcastle | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Newcastle upon Tyne, England | |- | Win | align=center| 20–8 |Roger Huerta |KO (punch) |Bellator 205 | |align=center|2 |align=center|0:43 |Boise, Idaho, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 19–8 |Derek Campos |TKO (punches) |Bellator 194 | |align=center|1 |align=center|2:23 |Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 18–8 |Benson Henderson |Decision (split) |Bellator 183 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |San Jose, California, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 17–8 | Josh Thomson | KO (punch) | Bellator 172 | | align=center|2 | align=center|0:40 | San Jose, California, United States | |- | Loss | align=center|16–8 | Michael Chandler |KO (punch) | Bellator 157: Dynamite 2 | | align=center|1 | align=center|2:14 | St. Louis, Missouri, United States | |- | Win | align=center|16–7 | Kevin Souza |Decision (unanimous) | Bellator 152 | | align=center|3 | align=center|5:00 | Torino, Italy | |- | Win | align=center|15–7 | Ryan Couture | KO (punch) | Bellator 148 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 3:00 | Fresno, California, United States | |- | Loss | align=center|14–7 | Derek Anderson | Decision (split) | Bellator 147 | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 5:00 | San Jose, California, United States | |- | Win | align=center|14–6 | Saad Awad | Decision (unanimous) | Bellator 141 | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 5:00 | Temecula, California, United States | |- |Loss |align=center|13–6 |Marcin Held |Decision (unanimous) |Bellator 126 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Phoenix, Arizona, United States | |- |Win |align=center|13–5 |Derek Campos |TKO (punches) |Bellator 117 | |align=center|2 |align=center| 0:52 |Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States | |- |Win |align=center|12–5 |David Rickels |KO (punches) |Bellator 113 | |align=center|2 |align=center|0:54 |Mulvane, Kansas, United States | |- |Win |align=center|11–5 |Edson Berto |Decision (unanimous) |Bellator 107 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 |Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States | |- |Loss |align=center| 10–5 |Derek Anderson |Decision (unanimous) |Bellator 98 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | |- |Loss |align=center| 10–4 |Eddie Alvarez |KO (head kick and punches) |Bellator 76 | |align=center|1 |align=center|4:54 |Windsor, Ontario, Canada | |- |Loss |align=center| 10–3 |Lloyd Woodard |Submission (kimura) |Bellator 62 | |align=center|2 |align=center|1:46 |Laredo, Texas, United States | |- |Win |align=center| 10–2 |Kurt Pellegrino |TKO (punches) |Bellator 59 | |align=center|1 |align=center|0:50 |Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |- |Loss |align=center| 9–2 |Michael Chandler |Decision (unanimous) |Bellator 44 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 |Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |- |Win |align=center| 9–1 |Toby Imada |KO (flying knee and punches) |Bellator 39 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 2:53 |Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | |- |Win |align=center| 8–1 |Rob McCullough |TKO (punches) |Bellator 36 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 3:11 |Shreveport, Louisiana, United States | |- |Win |align=center| 7–1 |Yure Machado |Decision (unanimous) |Arena Gold Fights 2 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 |Curitiba, Brazil | |- |Win |align=center| 6–1 |Marlon Medeiros |TKO (flying knee and punches) |Platinum Fight Brazil 3 | |align=center| 2 |align=center| N/A |São Paulo, Brazil | |- |Win |align=center| 5–1 |Emerson Queiroz |Submission (guillotine choke) |Gouveia Fight Championship | |align=center| 2 |align=center| N/A |Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil | |- |Loss |align=center| 4–1 |Willamy Freire |Technical Decision (unanimous) |Rino's FC 4 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 1:45 |Fortaleza, Brazil | |- |Win |align=center| 4–0 |Maykon Costa |Decision (unanimous) |Leal Combat: Natal | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 |Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil | |- |Win |align=center| 3–0 |Joao Paulo Rodrigues |KO (stomps) |Cage Fight Nordeste | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:50 |Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil | |- |Win |align=center| 2–0 |Gleidson Alves Martins |KO (punches) |Fight Ship Looking Boy 2 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| N/A |Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil | |- |Win |align=center| 1–0 |Arquimedes Vieira |KO (stomps) |Fight Ship Looking Boy 1 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| N/A |Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil | See also List of current Bellator fighters References External links 1986 births Living people Brazilian male mixed martial artists American male mixed martial artists Lightweight mixed martial artists Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu Bellator male fighters Brazilian Muay Thai practitioners Brazilian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu People from Mossoró

<mask> "<mask>" Freire (born January 21, 1986) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist currently competing in Bellator's Lightweight division, where he is the current Bellator Lightweight World Champion. Mixed martial arts career Bellator MMA After competing in many Brazilian promotions, Freire compiled a 7-1 record before entering the Bellator Season Four Lightweight Tournament. He faced former WEC Lightweight Champion, Rob McCullough at Bellator 36 on March 12, 2011 in the opening round of the tournament. He won via TKO in the third round. Freire went on to face two-time finalist Toby Imada in the semifinal at Bellator 39. Freire defeated Imada via knockout in the first round after landing a brutal flying knee and following up with a flurry of punches which caused Imada to fall to the mat unconscious. The win saw him progress to the final of the tournament where he faced fellow finalist Michael Chandler at Bellator 44.Freire lost via unanimous decision. Freire next faced Kurt Pellegrino at Bellator 59 on November 26, 2011. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. Freire faced Eddie Alvarez at Bellator 76. After a back-and-forth opening minute that saw both fighters rocked, he lost the fight via knockout in the first round. It was announced that Freire will face Guillaume De Lorenzi in the Bellator 2013 Lightweight Tournament on January 31. Unfortunately, Freire suffered an injury and pulled out of the Lightweight Tournament a few days prior to this fight.Freire returned to the Bellator cage on September 7, 2013 as he faced Derek Anderson at Bellator 98. Despite winning the first round, Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision. In March 2014, Freire entered into the Bellator Season Ten Lightweight Tournament, where he faced David Rickels in the opening round at Bellator 113. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. In the semifinals, he faced Derek Campos at Bellator 117. Again he won the fight via TKO in the second round. He was scheduled to face Marcin Held in the finals at Bellator 120.However, Held was forced out of the bout due to injury, and the fight was subsequently cancelled. The bout eventually took place at Bellator 126 on September 26, 2014. Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision. After nearly a year away from the sport, Freire returned to face Saad Awad at Bellator 141 on August 28, 2015. He won the fight by unanimous decision. In the first rematch of his career, Freire faced Derek Anderson for a second time on December 4, 2015 at Bellator 147. He again lost the fight, this time by controversial split decision.Freire replaced an injured Derek Anderson to face Ryan Couture at Bellator 148 on January 29, 2016. He won the bout via knockout in the first round. It was announced that Freire will face Derek Campos for the second time as the Bellator 152 main event. Just four days before their scheduled bout Campos pulled out due to injury and replaced by the newly signed former UFC fighter Kevin Souza. In May 2016, Bellator President Scott Coker announced that Freire would have a rematch against Michael Chandler at Bellator 157 on June 17, 2016. The bout was for the vacant Bellator Lightweight Championship, which was vacated when champion Will Brooks was released from the promotion. Freire lost the fight via knockout in the first round.Freire returned to the Bellator cage on February 18, 2017 in the main event at Bellator 172 against Josh Thomson. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. Freire was expected to face Derek Campos for a second time at Bellator 167 on December 3, 2016, however Freire was forced out of the bout due to an injury. The rematch was scheduled to take place at Bellator 181 on July 14, 2017. However, Freire instead faced Benson Henderson at Bellator 183 on September 23, 2017. He won the fight by split decision. Freire is facing a 180-day medical suspension, unless he gets physician clearance regarding right rib pain.Freire faced Derek Campos in a rematch at Bellator 194 on February 16, 2018. He won the fight via TKO in round one. Freire faced Roger Huerta on September 21, 2018 at Bellator 205. He won the fight via knockout. Bellator booked Freire against newcomer Ryan Scope for their first show in the Bellator Europe series that marked the start of the organization's partnership with Channel 5 and Sky Sports. The event was called Bellator Newcastle and took place on February 11th. Despite rupturing a tendon in his right wrist on the first round of the fight, Freire won by split decision.On February 20, 2019, Bellator announced that Freire had signed a multi-year, multi-fight contract extension with the organization. Rizin FF Due to his brother being the prevailing Bellator Lightweight champion, <mask> decided to take part in Rizin FF Lightweight tournament. In the first round of the tournament, Freire faced Tatsuya Kawajiri at Rizin 19 on October 12, 2019. He won the fight via knockout in the first round. In the semifinals of the grand prix Freire faced Luiz Gustavo at Rizin 20 - Saitama on December 31, 2019. Freire won the fight via a first minute knockout and advanced to the grand prix final. The 2019 Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix final was held in the same event with the semifinals.Despite Musayev receiving a yellow card in the second card, Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision after being knocked down and largely dominated in every round. Post-Rizin GP In the first fight after the Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix, Freire was expected to headline Bellator Dublin 2 against Peter Queally on October 3, 2020. However, Queally was forced to withdraw from the bout due to a hand injury. Freire was subsequently rebooked to face Jaleel Willis two weeks later at Bellator 249 on October 15, 2020. In turn, this bout was cancelled the day of the event when the Mohegan Tribal Athletic Commission deemed Freire unable to compete due to what was termed an undisclosed medical issue. Freire faced Peter Queally at Bellator 258 on May 7, 2021. After sustaining a cut on his forehead from an elbow while Queally was on the bottom, the doctor stopped the fight between rounds after the cutman was unable to stop the bleeding.Freire rematched Peter Queally at Bellator 270 on November 5, 2021. On October 6, 2021, <mask>'s younger brother and Bellator MMA Lightweight Champion Patrício <mask> announced he vacated the title and that the rematch with Queally would be for the Bellator MMA Lightweight Championship. Freire won the bout via second round technical knockout to become Bellator Lightweight World Champion.

<mask> "<mask>" Freire is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who is currently competing in the lightweight division of Bellator. After competing in many Brazilian promotions, Freire compiled a 7-1 record before entering the Bellator Season Four lightweight tournament. He faced Rob McCullough in the opening round of the tournament. He won in the third round. Freire will face Toby Imada in the semifinals. Freire was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He advanced to the final of the tournament where he faced Michael Chandler.Freire was defeated by unanimous decision. Kurt Pellegrino was Freire's next opponent. He won the fight in the first round. Eddie was facing Freire at Bellator 76. He lost the fight via knockout in the first round after a back-and-forth opening minute. Freire will face Guillaume De Lorenzi in the lightweight tournament on January 31. Freire pulled out of the lightweight tournament a few days before the fight due to an injury.Freire was back in the cage on September 7, when he faced Anderson. Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision despite winning the first round. Freire faced David Rickels in the opening round of the lightweight tournament. He won the fight with a knockout in the second round. He faced him in the semifinals. He won the fight by knockout in the second round. He was going to face Held in the finals.Held was forced out of the fight due to an injury. The bout took place in September. Freire lost the fight. After nearly a year away from the sport, Freire returned to face Awad. He won the fight. Freire and Anderson faced off again on December 4, 2015, at the first sequel of Freire's career. He lost the fight by a controversial split decision.Ryan Couture will face Freire on January 29, 2016 at Bellator 148. He knocked out the opponent in the first round. Freire will face off for the second time in the main event of the event. Kevin Souza, a former UFC fighter, was brought in to replace Campos, who pulled out due to an injury. On June 17, 2016 Scott Coker announced that Freire would have a second fight against Michael Chandler. The bout was for the vacant lightweight title, which was held by WillBrooks before he was released from the promotion. Freire was knocked out in the first round.Freire returned to the cage on February 18 in the main event against Josh Thomson. He won the fight with a knockout in the second round. Freire was forced out of the bout against Campos due to an injury, however he was supposed to face him again in December. The second match was supposed to take place in July. Freire faced Henderson at Bellator 183. He won the fight. Freire is facing a 180-day medical suspension if he doesn't get a doctor's clearance for rib pain.Freire faced off against him again in February. He won the fight in the first round. Freire faced Roger Huerta. He won the fight with a knockout. The start of the organization's partnership with Channel 5 and Sky Sports was marked by the booking of Freire against Ryan Scope. The event took place on February 11th. Freire won the fight despiterupturing his wrist in the first round.Freire had signed a multi-year contract extension with the organization. <mask> decided to take part in the lightweight tournament due to his brother being the prevailing champion. Freire faced Tatsuya Kawajiri in the first round of the tournament. He won the fight with a knockout. Freire was in the semifinals of the grand prix. Freire won the fight with a first minute knockout. The semifinals and final were held in the same event.Freire lost the fight by unanimous decision despite Musayev getting a yellow card in the second card. Freire was scheduled to fight Peter Queally on October 3, 2020, in the first fight after the Rizin lightweight Grand Prix. Due to a hand injury, Queally was forced to withdraw from the bout. Freire was rebooked to face Jaleel on October 15, 2020. Freire's bout was canceled the day of the event due to an undisclosed medical issue. On May 7, 2021, Freire faced Peter Queally. After sustaining a cut on his forehead from an elbow, the doctor stopped the fight between rounds after the cutman was unable to stop the bleeding.On November 5, 2021, Freire and Peter Queally will face off again. On October 6, 2021, <mask>'s younger brother and Bellator MMA lightweight champion, Patrcio <mask>, announced that he was vacating the title and that the second fight with Queally would be for the title. Freire won the bout with a technical knockout.

1822436

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chien-Ming%20Wang

Chien-Ming Wang

Chien-Ming Wang (; born March 31, 1980) is a Taiwanese former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, Washington Nationals, Toronto Blue Jays and Kansas City Royals. He also played for the Taiwan national baseball team, and is the current assistant pitching coach for CTBC Brothers. Wang signed as an amateur free agent with the Yankees in 2000. After working his way up the Yankees' minor league system for several seasons, he made his MLB debut in 2005. With his hard sinker, he was one of the best starting pitchers for the Yankees in 2006 and 2007, winning 19 games in both seasons and leading the American League in that category in 2006. He suffered a foot injury in 2008 that limited his appearances and effectiveness, and a series of arm injuries cost him most of the 2009 season and all of 2010. Wang returned to major leagues with the Washington Nationals in 2011, starting 21 games over two seasons while again spending time on the disabled list. He signed with the Yankees in 2013 but was released without pitching in the major leagues, then signed with the Toronto Blue Jays and made six starts with limited effectiveness. He pitched for minor league teams in several organizations in 2014 and 2015. In 2016, he returned to the major leagues as a relief pitcher with the Kansas City Royals. Wang was the third major leaguer from Taiwan, following Dodgers outfielder Chin-Feng Chen, and Rockies pitcher Chin-Hui Tsao. Minor league career Wang rose through the New York Yankees minor league system, including the Single-A Staten Island Yankees, who retired his #41 in 2006. Wang posted a 1.75 ERA for Staten Island, second-lowest in franchise history. He played for the World Team in the All-Star Futures Game in 2003. In 2005, Wang was called up from the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Columbus Clippers. In 2013, Wang came back to the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders. Major league career New York Yankees 2005–2007 Wang made his MLB debut on April 30, 2005, against the Toronto Blue Jays, pitching seven strong innings while allowing only two earned runs. He earned a no-decision in the Yankees' 4–3 win. Wang pitched in 18 games, though an injury kept him sidelined for part of the season. He went 8–5 with an earned run average of 4.02. On September 19, 2005, Wang tied a record for assists in a game by a pitcher with nine. In the playoffs against the Angels, Wang pitched 6 innings and allowed four runs, only one of which was earned. The Yankees lost the game and the series. In 2006, Wang won 19 games (tied for the most in the majors along with Johan Santana) and posted a 3.63 ERA in 218 innings across 34 games (33 starts). He picked up his first save on June 3 against the Baltimore Orioles in his only non-starting appearance. Wang also threw two complete games, though the first, on June 18, was bittersweet: against the Washington Nationals, he allowed a one-out, two-run, walk-off home run by Ryan Zimmerman to lose the game 3–2. His first complete-game win was on July 28, 2006, a two-hit, 6–0 shutout of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays at Yankee Stadium. In his next start, he threw eight shutout innings against the Toronto Blue Jays, in which he got an outstanding 16 ground ball outs. Wang was particularly strong in the second half of the season, winning 10 of his 14 starts and posting a 3.13 ERA in 92 innings. He was selected to start the first game of the Division Series against the Detroit Tigers, earning the win as the Yankees beat Detroit 8–4. Overall in 2006, Wang limited batters to a .211 batting average while games were tied, and a .205 batting average in games that were late and close. The Tampa Bay Devil Rays batted just .159 against him, losing three out of four games to the Yankees that Wang pitched. Wang was effective despite the lowest strikeout rate in the majors (3.14 strikeouts per nine innings and 76 strikeouts overall), thanks in part to his allowing the fewest home runs per nine innings (0.5; he allowed just 12 home runs overall). Wang also led the league in ground ball percentage (62.8%) and obtained 2.84 groundouts for every fly ball out. At the end of the season, Wang finished second to Johan Santana in voting for the Cy Young Award. Wang collected 15 second-place votes, and 51 points. He also received a ninth-place vote, good for two points, in the AL MVP balloting, won by Justin Morneau. In MLB.com's This Year in Baseball Awards, he was chosen as the top starter in 2006 season with more than 47% of the fan vote. Wang began the 2007 season on the disabled list, having injured his right hamstring during spring training. He returned on April 24 against Tampa Bay. On May 5, 2007, Wang pitched 7 perfect innings before giving up a home run to Ben Broussard of the Seattle Mariners, falling five outs short of a perfect game. On June 17, 2007, Wang had a superb outing versus the New York Mets, in which he threw 113 pitches through 8 and 2/3 innings, notched 10 strikeouts (a career high) and gave up just two runs on six hits. On August 30, Wang took a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox into the seventh inning before giving up a single to Mike Lowell. Rookies Joba Chamberlain and Edwar Ramírez finished the two-hitter, and the Yankees beat the Red Sox 5–0. In 2007, Wang was second in the AL in wins (19), third for the second straight year in win–loss percentage (.731), ninth in wild pitches (9), and 10th in hit batsmen (8). He had a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage. He also had the lowest HR/9 innings pitched ratio in the AL (0.41; in innings he allowed just nine home runs), was third in GB% (58.5%) and GB/FB (2.51), and had the fifth-lowest strikeouts per 9 innings pitched (4.70, and 104 strikeouts overall). Despite his regular season performance, Wang faltered in the 2007 postseason. In the American League Division Series against the Cleveland Indians, Wang started two games, earning the loss in both appearances. He pitched a combined 5 and 2/3 innings, giving up 12 earned runs, for a postseason ERA of 19.06. The Yankees lost the ALDS in four games. 2008–2009 The beginning of the 2008 season saw Wang at the top of the Yankees rotation and the ace with veterans Mike Mussina and Andy Pettitte. In the final Yankee Stadium season opener against the Toronto Blue Jays, Wang pitched 7.0 innings, allowing only two runs and picking up his first win of the season. In his first start against the Boston Red Sox in 2008, he pitched a one-run, two-hit complete game. On April 22, 2008, Wang recorded a win against the Chicago White Sox at U.S. Cellular Field. The victory, in Wang's 85th career start, made him the fastest Major Leaguer to record 50 wins as a starter since Dwight Gooden, who won his 50th game in his 82nd start on June 29, 1986, at Chicago for the New York Mets. Wang also became the quickest Yankee to 50 wins since Ron Guidry, who accomplished this in his 82nd start. Wang finished April with a perfect 5–0 record, leading the American League along with Joe Saunders. On May 2, Wang became the first six-game winner in the American League with a win over the Seattle Mariners with just one earned run over six innings. On May 8, Cliff Lee of the Cleveland Indians beat Wang 3–0, handing Wang his first loss of the season. During this loss, Wang allowed three runs and five hits in seven innings. On June 10, after going six starts with two losses and four no decisions since May 2, Wang defeated the Oakland Athletics 3–1 to end the longest victory drought of his career. Through 2008, Wang had the third highest winning percentage of all starting pitchers over the last three years (46–15, .754). On June 15, Wang was taken out of an interleague game versus the Houston Astros due to a right foot injury he sustained while running the bases, something he was not used to doing, since pitchers do not bat in the American League. Wang was diagnosed with a torn Lisfranc ligament of the right foot and a partial tear of the peroneus longus of the right foot. Despite not requiring surgery, he was on crutches and wearing a protective boot. The cast was removed on July 29, but the extensive rehabilitation process prevented Wang from pitching for the remainder of the season. Yankees' part-owner Hank Steinbrenner showed frustration with pitchers having to bat in the National League and suggested that the League "join the modern age". On December 22, 2008, Wang and the New York Yankees avoided salary arbitration when they agreed to a $5 million, one-year contract. Wang made $4 million in the 2008 season after losing in salary arbitration. He had asked for $4.6 million. On April 3, 2009, Wang became the first Yankees' starting and the first game winning pitcher of the new Yankee Stadium in the stadium opener exhibition game against Chicago Cubs. His regular season began with an extraordinarily bad performance. In his first start of the regular season, Wang gave up seven earned runs and nine hits in 3.2 innings against the Baltimore Orioles. That was followed by a one-inning appearance against the Tampa Bay Rays when he surrendered eight earned runs in just one inning. In his third start, against the Cleveland Indians in New York on April 18, Wang was credited for eight more earned runs in 1.1 innings; Cleveland won the game 22–4. After his first three appearances, Wang was 0–3 with a whopping 34.50 ERA. There was speculation that the right foot injury Wang sustained during the 2008 season caused him to compensate with the rest of his pitching motion, leading to his 2009 struggles. Following the April 18 game manager Joe Girardi said, "We have some time. We have a day off, I think Thursday, and we're going to have to decide what's best for Chien-Ming Wang and the team." On April 22, General Manager Brian Cashman, at a Q&A at Southern Connecticut State University, confirmed Wang's release point was five inches higher than the same time the previous season. After being removed from the rotation and sent down to Tampa to work out mechanical issues, Wang was diagnosed with weakness in the muscles of both hips and placed on the disabled list. He was activated from the disabled list on May 22, 2009, and on his first day on the active roster, he was brought in from the bullpen. After two more relief appearances, Wang went back to the rotation, but he struggled once again in his first and second starts back. On June 28, Wang earned his first win of the season, also his first since June 15, 2008, giving up two runs over 5.1 innings against the New York Mets. Wang was placed on the disabled list on July 15, 2009, due to shoulder soreness. He was then eliminated for the remainder of the season after undergoing shoulder surgery on July 30, 2009. After the Yankees won the 2009 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies, Wang participated in the championship parade through the Canyon of Heroes, but acknowledged it "would have been more fun" if he had been healthy. On December 12, 2009, the Yankees made the choice not to re-sign him, making him a free agent. Washington Nationals 2010–2012 On February 19, 2010, the Washington Nationals announced they had signed Wang as a free agent to a $2 million deal (plus up to $3 million in incentives). In June, it was thought that Wang would return to the majors in late July or early August. However, Wang's rehabilitation had been inconsistent, and there was no timetable for his return to the majors. In September, the Nationals acknowledged that Wang would not pitch in the majors at all during the season, but instead was preparing for the instructional leagues in the fall. Wang was non-tendered after the 2010 season. On December 16, 2010, Wang re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $1 million contract with $4 million worth of potential performance incentives. After continuing his injury rehabilitation, he began a formal rehab assignment on June 27 with the Nationals' Class A farm team, the Hagerstown Suns, pitching three innings, allowing two earned runs while striking out three and walking none. Although his velocity topped out at around 90 mph, it mostly sat between 86 and 88 mph. In his second start, on July 2 with the high-A Potomac Nationals, Wang pitched four shutout innings, and allowed two walks while striking out two. 63% of his 38 pitches were strikes while his velocity hit 91 mph in his final inning of work. Following a July 24 start for the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs, Wang made his Nationals debut on July 29. Wang ended the season with 11 starts, recorded 4–3 with a 4.04 ERA. He also made his first hit and first RBI in the majors in his final start of the season on September 24 against the Atlanta Braves' starting pitcher Brandon Beachy. On October 30, 2011, Wang was granted free agency. Five days later on November 4, Wang re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $4 million contract. On March 15, 2012, Wang sustained an injury to his left hamstring, placing him on the DL. On May 25, Wang pitched in the majors for the first time since going on the disabled list. He went three innings in his first win that season. Wang then replaced Ross Detwiler in the team's starting rotation. In just four starts, Wang went 1–3 with an ERA of 6.10 and 11 strikeouts. On September 23, Wang hit the first career double against Milwaukee Brewers' starting pitcher Yovani Gallardo. Minor league stint with the Yankees On March 22, 2013, Wang signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. According to his agents and Taiwan's EETV, his minors contract is worth US$35,000 per month, but could worth up to $2.5 million per year, with an extra $2.2 million in bonuses. However, if he did not secure a major league contract by the end of April, he had the option to revert to free-agent status. Wang opted out of his contract on June 7, 2013. Toronto Blue Jays Wang signed a one-year, $500,000 deal with the Toronto Blue Jays on June 9, 2013. He was added to the Blue Jays' roster on June 11, making his first pitching appearance as a starter against the Chicago White Sox. Toronto Blue Jays general manager Alex Anthopoulos said that the team guaranteed Wang one start, and would decide on further appearances based on the result of his first start. Wang earned his first win as a Blue Jay in a game against the Texas Rangers on June 16, pitching seven shutout innings. The win gave the Blue Jays their first four-game sweep in the 2013 season, and the first four-game sweep of the Rangers in Arlington in Blue Jays franchise history. From June 11, the date Wang was added to their roster, to June 23, the Blue Jays went on an 11-game winning streak. Wang started three games during the streak, pitching at least six innings in each and compiling an ERA of 2.18. Wang followed up his successful streak by starting two games in which he was unable to make it out of the second inning. On June 27, Wang pitched 1 innings against the Boston Red Sox and surrendered six hits and seven earned runs. On July 2, he also pitched only 1 innings and gave up eight hits and six earned runs to the Detroit Tigers. After the Tigers game, Blue Jays manager John Gibbons announced that Wang had been designated for assignment. Wang was reported to be willing to accept an assignment to Triple-A Buffalo and was outrighted to Buffalo on July 5. Wang was added to the Blue Jays roster again on August 24, and designated for assignment on August 26. After clearing waivers, he was again outrighted to the Buffalo Bisons. He became a free agent on October 1. Return to the minor leagues On December 19, 2013, Wang signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Cincinnati Reds. He began the 2014 season with the Louisville Bats of the International League, but opted out of his deal on July 13. Wang signed a minor league contract with the White Sox on July 17, and pitched for the Charlotte Knights of the International League. During the 2014–15 offseason, Wang signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves. The Braves assigned Wang to the Gwinnett Braves of the International League. In 10 starts and one relief appearance, Wang had a 2–6 record with an ERA of 6.10, while surrendering the most hits in Triple-A up to the month of June. He was released on June 19. Wang signed with the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, and independent baseball league, on June 24. He made three starts for the Blue Crabs, winning all three and pitching to a 2.49 ERA. On July 12, 2015, Wang signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners. They assigned him to the Tacoma Rainiers of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. Kansas City Royals On January 7, 2016, Wang signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. After a strong spring training, he made the Royals' opening day roster for the 2016 season as a relief pitcher. On April 9, 2016, Wang threw a scoreless ninth inning in a 7–0 victory against the Minnesota Twins. This was his first major league game since August 25, 2013. Wang pitched for the Royals 38 times for innings over the year, going 6–0 with a 4.22 ERA. He went on the disabled list with right biceps tendinitis on August 31 and was designated for assignment on September 17, 2016. He was released on September 22. National baseball team Wang pitched for the Chinese Taipei national baseball team in the 2002 Asian Games. In 2004, as the ace of the staff, Wang led Taiwan to the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. Against Australia, he allowed just three hits with no walks, and at one point retired nine batters in a row, to earn the win. He also limited Japan to just five hits in the first six innings. After being called up to the American major leagues, Wang was idolized in Taiwan where all of his games were televised nationwide, many on public big screens to large audiences. Because of this popularity, he was named one of the Time 100 for 2007. At the 2013 World Baseball Classic, Wang started for the Taiwan team's opener against Australia and threw 6 shut out innings for the win. In the second round, Wang pitched six impressive scoreless innings against Japan, but was left with a no-decision when Japan rallied to win in the 10th inning. Coaching career Wang joined the Fubon Guardians of Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League in June 2018 as a guest coach. He remained with the team through the 2019 season. In 2020, Wang became the pitching coach for the CTBC Brothers, and focused particularly on pitching prospects on the Brothers' farm team. During the offseason in 2021, the Brothers announced that Wang had signed a new contract, and agreed to remain with the team as coach for three years. Scouting report During his prime, Wang was a finesse pitcher with a power pitcher's velocity. In this period, he primarily relied on his power sinker along with the occasional four-seam fastball, slider, changeup, and splitter. His sinker, which was responsible for his elevation to ace status before his foot injury, had very impressive lateral movement and was thrown at greater than average velocity, sitting in the 91–94 mph range. Before his first shoulder injury, he also had a curveball until he was encouraged to opt for a sinker instead. By 2016, after a long recovery process, Wang's sinker had returned to the 89-93 mph range, with a top speed of 95 mph. His strikeout pitch is an average slider that closely resembles the fastball coming out of his hand, thus getting batters to swing ahead of the pitch. Wang also throws a split-finger fastball, though he only uses the pitch sparsely when in need of a strikeout or double play. Wang's pitching style is characterized by efficiency, command of the strike zone, few walks, few home runs allowed but also records very few strikeouts. Wang works quickly and uses his ground-ball inducing sinker to produce many double plays. This efficiency often allows Wang to maintain a low pitch count deep into games. In Taiwan and the minor leagues, Wang threw a more conventional assortment of pitches, including a four-seam fastball, a changeup, and far more splitters. The sinker, which has become Wang's signature pitch, was developed during his minor league career with advice from Neil Allen, his Triple-A pitching coach, and his Triple-A catcher, Sal Fasano. Prior to the 2008 season, Wang relied on his sinking fastball about 90% of the time. However, after occasional bad outings, especially during the 2007 ALDS, Wang has worked to fully incorporate a slider and changeup into his repertoire. Through his first three starts of 2008, Wang used his slider roughly 20% of the time and his changeup around 8%. Personal life In a 2006 The New York Times interview, Wang revealed that he is the biological child of the man he formerly thought was his uncle. Due to the media frenzy created in Taiwan over this, he briefly refused to give interviews to Taiwanese media. Wang has also been taught basic English. He has resided in Fort Lee, New Jersey and Edgewater, New Jersey. Wang is married to Chia-Ling Wu. The couple has two sons, J.J., born 2009, and Wellington, born 2013. On April 23, 2012, Wang admitted to having an extramarital affair while he was recovering from a shoulder injury in 2009. In the summer of 2011, Wang's biological maternal grandfather, a man surnamed Huang, 82, committed suicide in a park in Tainan, Taiwan by hanging himself with a piece of electrical cord, according to a news report in the Taipei Times. Wang often visited this maternal grandfather when he returned to Taiwan from time to time. A documentary about Wang, Late Life: The Chien-Ming Wang Story, debuted in theaters in October 2018. See also List of Major League Baseball players from Taiwan List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders References External links 1980 births Living people American League wins champions Asian Games medalists in baseball Asian Games silver medalists for Chinese Taipei Baseball players at the 2002 Asian Games Baseball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Charlotte Knights players Columbus Clippers players Expatriate baseball players in Canada Gulf Coast Yankees players Hagerstown Suns players Harrisburg Senators players Louisville Bats players Major League Baseball pitchers Major League Baseball players from Taiwan Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games New York Yankees players Baseball players from Tainan People from Edgewater, New Jersey People from Fort Lee, New Jersey Potomac Nationals players Kansas City Royals players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players Southern Maryland Blue Crabs players Staten Island Yankees players Syracuse Chiefs players Tacoma Rainiers players Taiwanese expatriate baseball players in the United States Taiwanese expatriates in Canada Tampa Yankees players Toronto Blue Jays players Trenton Thunder players Washington Nationals players 2013 World Baseball Classic players Olympic baseball players of Taiwan

<mask> (; born March 31, 1980) is a Taiwanese former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, Washington Nationals, Toronto Blue Jays and Kansas City Royals. He also played for the Taiwan national baseball team, and is the current assistant pitching coach for CTBC Brothers. <mask> signed as an amateur free agent with the Yankees in 2000. After working his way up the Yankees' minor league system for several seasons, he made his MLB debut in 2005. With his hard sinker, he was one of the best starting pitchers for the Yankees in 2006 and 2007, winning 19 games in both seasons and leading the American League in that category in 2006. He suffered a foot injury in 2008 that limited his appearances and effectiveness, and a series of arm injuries cost him most of the 2009 season and all of 2010.<mask> returned to major leagues with the Washington Nationals in 2011, starting 21 games over two seasons while again spending time on the disabled list. He signed with the Yankees in 2013 but was released without pitching in the major leagues, then signed with the Toronto Blue Jays and made six starts with limited effectiveness. He pitched for minor league teams in several organizations in 2014 and 2015. In 2016, he returned to the major leagues as a relief pitcher with the Kansas City Royals. <mask> was the third major leaguer from Taiwan, following Dodgers outfielder Chin-Feng Chen, and Rockies pitcher Chin-Hui Tsao. Minor league career <mask> rose through the New York Yankees minor league system, including the Single-A Staten Island Yankees, who retired his #41 in 2006. <mask> posted a 1.75 ERA for Staten Island, second-lowest in franchise history.He played for the World Team in the All-Star Futures Game in 2003. In 2005, <mask> was called up from the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Columbus Clippers. In 2013, <mask> came back to the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders. Major league career New York Yankees 2005–2007 <mask> made his MLB debut on April 30, 2005, against the Toronto Blue Jays, pitching seven strong innings while allowing only two earned runs. He earned a no-decision in the Yankees' 4–3 win. <mask> pitched in 18 games, though an injury kept him sidelined for part of the season. He went 8–5 with an earned run average of 4.02.On September 19, 2005, <mask> tied a record for assists in a game by a pitcher with nine. In the playoffs against the Angels, <mask> pitched 6 innings and allowed four runs, only one of which was earned. The Yankees lost the game and the series. In 2006, <mask> won 19 games (tied for the most in the majors along with Johan Santana) and posted a 3.63 ERA in 218 innings across 34 games (33 starts). He picked up his first save on June 3 against the Baltimore Orioles in his only non-starting appearance. <mask> also threw two complete games, though the first, on June 18, was bittersweet: against the Washington Nationals, he allowed a one-out, two-run, walk-off home run by Ryan Zimmerman to lose the game 3–2. His first complete-game win was on July 28, 2006, a two-hit, 6–0 shutout of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays at Yankee Stadium.In his next start, he threw eight shutout innings against the Toronto Blue Jays, in which he got an outstanding 16 ground ball outs. <mask> was particularly strong in the second half of the season, winning 10 of his 14 starts and posting a 3.13 ERA in 92 innings. He was selected to start the first game of the Division Series against the Detroit Tigers, earning the win as the Yankees beat Detroit 8–4. Overall in 2006, <mask> limited batters to a .211 batting average while games were tied, and a .205 batting average in games that were late and close. The Tampa Bay Devil Rays batted just .159 against him, losing three out of four games to the Yankees that <mask> pitched. <mask> was effective despite the lowest strikeout rate in the majors (3.14 strikeouts per nine innings and 76 strikeouts overall), thanks in part to his allowing the fewest home runs per nine innings (0.5; he allowed just 12 home runs overall). <mask> also led the league in ground ball percentage (62.8%) and obtained 2.84 groundouts for every fly ball out.At the end of the season, <mask> finished second to Johan Santana in voting for the Cy Young Award. <mask> collected 15 second-place votes, and 51 points. He also received a ninth-place vote, good for two points, in the AL MVP balloting, won by Justin Morneau. In MLB.com's This Year in Baseball Awards, he was chosen as the top starter in 2006 season with more than 47% of the fan vote. <mask> began the 2007 season on the disabled list, having injured his right hamstring during spring training. He returned on April 24 against Tampa Bay. On May 5, 2007, <mask> pitched 7 perfect innings before giving up a home run to Ben Broussard of the Seattle Mariners, falling five outs short of a perfect game.On June 17, 2007, <mask> had a superb outing versus the New York Mets, in which he threw 113 pitches through 8 and 2/3 innings, notched 10 strikeouts (a career high) and gave up just two runs on six hits. On August 30, <mask> took a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox into the seventh inning before giving up a single to Mike Lowell. Rookies Joba Chamberlain and Edwar Ramírez finished the two-hitter, and the Yankees beat the Red Sox 5–0. In 2007, <mask> was second in the AL in wins (19), third for the second straight year in win–loss percentage (.731), ninth in wild pitches (9), and 10th in hit batsmen (8). He had a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage. He also had the lowest HR/9 innings pitched ratio in the AL (0.41; in innings he allowed just nine home runs), was third in GB% (58.5%) and GB/FB (2.51), and had the fifth-lowest strikeouts per 9 innings pitched (4.70, and 104 strikeouts overall). Despite his regular season performance, <mask> faltered in the 2007 postseason.In the American League Division Series against the Cleveland Indians, <mask> started two games, earning the loss in both appearances. He pitched a combined 5 and 2/3 innings, giving up 12 earned runs, for a postseason ERA of 19.06. The Yankees lost the ALDS in four games. 2008–2009 The beginning of the 2008 season saw <mask> at the top of the Yankees rotation and the ace with veterans Mike Mussina and Andy Pettitte. In the final Yankee Stadium season opener against the Toronto Blue Jays, <mask> pitched 7.0 innings, allowing only two runs and picking up his first win of the season. In his first start against the Boston Red Sox in 2008, he pitched a one-run, two-hit complete game. On April 22, 2008, <mask> recorded a win against the Chicago White Sox at U.S. Cellular Field.The victory, in <mask>'s 85th career start, made him the fastest Major Leaguer to record 50 wins as a starter since Dwight Gooden, who won his 50th game in his 82nd start on June 29, 1986, at Chicago for the New York Mets. <mask> also became the quickest Yankee to 50 wins since Ron Guidry, who accomplished this in his 82nd start. <mask> finished April with a perfect 5–0 record, leading the American League along with Joe Saunders. On May 2, <mask> became the first six-game winner in the American League with a win over the Seattle Mariners with just one earned run over six innings. On May 8, Cliff Lee of the Cleveland Indians beat <mask> 3–0, handing <mask> his first loss of the season. During this loss, <mask> allowed three runs and five hits in seven innings. On June 10, after going six starts with two losses and four no decisions since May 2, <mask> defeated the Oakland Athletics 3–1 to end the longest victory drought of his career.Through 2008, <mask> had the third highest winning percentage of all starting pitchers over the last three years (46–15, .754). On June 15, <mask> was taken out of an interleague game versus the Houston Astros due to a right foot injury he sustained while running the bases, something he was not used to doing, since pitchers do not bat in the American League. <mask> was diagnosed with a torn Lisfranc ligament of the right foot and a partial tear of the peroneus longus of the right foot. Despite not requiring surgery, he was on crutches and wearing a protective boot. The cast was removed on July 29, but the extensive rehabilitation process prevented <mask> from pitching for the remainder of the season. Yankees' part-owner Hank Steinbrenner showed frustration with pitchers having to bat in the National League and suggested that the League "join the modern age". On December 22, 2008, <mask> and the New York Yankees avoided salary arbitration when they agreed to a $5 million, one-year contract.<mask> made $4 million in the 2008 season after losing in salary arbitration. He had asked for $4.6 million. On April 3, 2009, <mask> became the first Yankees' starting and the first game winning pitcher of the new Yankee Stadium in the stadium opener exhibition game against Chicago Cubs. His regular season began with an extraordinarily bad performance. In his first start of the regular season, <mask> gave up seven earned runs and nine hits in 3.2 innings against the Baltimore Orioles. That was followed by a one-inning appearance against the Tampa Bay Rays when he surrendered eight earned runs in just one inning. In his third start, against the Cleveland Indians in New York on April 18, <mask> was credited for eight more earned runs in 1.1 innings; Cleveland won the game 22–4.After his first three appearances, <mask> was 0–3 with a whopping 34.50 ERA. There was speculation that the right foot injury <mask> sustained during the 2008 season caused him to compensate with the rest of his pitching motion, leading to his 2009 struggles. Following the April 18 game manager Joe Girardi said, "We have some time. We have a day off, I think Thursday, and we're going to have to decide what's best for Chien-<mask> and the team." On April 22, General Manager Brian Cashman, at a Q&A at Southern Connecticut State University, confirmed <mask>'s release point was five inches higher than the same time the previous season. After being removed from the rotation and sent down to Tampa to work out mechanical issues, <mask> was diagnosed with weakness in the muscles of both hips and placed on the disabled list. He was activated from the disabled list on May 22, 2009, and on his first day on the active roster, he was brought in from the bullpen.After two more relief appearances, <mask> went back to the rotation, but he struggled once again in his first and second starts back. On June 28, <mask> earned his first win of the season, also his first since June 15, 2008, giving up two runs over 5.1 innings against the New York Mets. <mask> was placed on the disabled list on July 15, 2009, due to shoulder soreness. He was then eliminated for the remainder of the season after undergoing shoulder surgery on July 30, 2009. After the Yankees won the 2009 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies, <mask> participated in the championship parade through the Canyon of Heroes, but acknowledged it "would have been more fun" if he had been healthy. On December 12, 2009, the Yankees made the choice not to re-sign him, making him a free agent. Washington Nationals 2010–2012 On February 19, 2010, the Washington Nationals announced they had signed <mask> as a free agent to a $2 million deal (plus up to $3 million in incentives).In June, it was thought that <mask> would return to the majors in late July or early August. However, <mask>'s rehabilitation had been inconsistent, and there was no timetable for his return to the majors. In September, the Nationals acknowledged that <mask> would not pitch in the majors at all during the season, but instead was preparing for the instructional leagues in the fall. <mask> was non-tendered after the 2010 season. On December 16, 2010, <mask> re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $1 million contract with $4 million worth of potential performance incentives. After continuing his injury rehabilitation, he began a formal rehab assignment on June 27 with the Nationals' Class A farm team, the Hagerstown Suns, pitching three innings, allowing two earned runs while striking out three and walking none. Although his velocity topped out at around 90 mph, it mostly sat between 86 and 88 mph.In his second start, on July 2 with the high-A Potomac Nationals, <mask> pitched four shutout innings, and allowed two walks while striking out two. 63% of his 38 pitches were strikes while his velocity hit 91 mph in his final inning of work. Following a July 24 start for the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs, <mask> made his Nationals debut on July 29. <mask> ended the season with 11 starts, recorded 4–3 with a 4.04 ERA. He also made his first hit and first RBI in the majors in his final start of the season on September 24 against the Atlanta Braves' starting pitcher Brandon Beachy. On October 30, 2011, <mask> was granted free agency. Five days later on November 4, <mask> re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $4 million contract.On March 15, 2012, <mask> sustained an injury to his left hamstring, placing him on the DL. On May 25, <mask> pitched in the majors for the first time since going on the disabled list. He went three innings in his first win that season. <mask> then replaced Ross Detwiler in the team's starting rotation. In just four starts, <mask> went 1–3 with an ERA of 6.10 and 11 strikeouts. On September 23, <mask> hit the first career double against Milwaukee Brewers' starting pitcher Yovani Gallardo. Minor league stint with the Yankees On March 22, 2013, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees.According to his agents and Taiwan's EETV, his minors contract is worth US$35,000 per month, but could worth up to $2.5 million per year, with an extra $2.2 million in bonuses. However, if he did not secure a major league contract by the end of April, he had the option to revert to free-agent status. <mask> opted out of his contract on June 7, 2013. Toronto Blue Jays <mask> signed a one-year, $500,000 deal with the Toronto Blue Jays on June 9, 2013. He was added to the Blue Jays' roster on June 11, making his first pitching appearance as a starter against the Chicago White Sox. Toronto Blue Jays general manager Alex Anthopoulos said that the team guaranteed <mask> one start, and would decide on further appearances based on the result of his first start. <mask> earned his first win as a Blue Jay in a game against the Texas Rangers on June 16, pitching seven shutout innings.The win gave the Blue Jays their first four-game sweep in the 2013 season, and the first four-game sweep of the Rangers in Arlington in Blue Jays franchise history. From June 11, the date <mask> was added to their roster, to June 23, the Blue Jays went on an 11-game winning streak. <mask> started three games during the streak, pitching at least six innings in each and compiling an ERA of 2.18. <mask> followed up his successful streak by starting two games in which he was unable to make it out of the second inning. On June 27, <mask> pitched 1 innings against the Boston Red Sox and surrendered six hits and seven earned runs. On July 2, he also pitched only 1 innings and gave up eight hits and six earned runs to the Detroit Tigers. After the Tigers game, Blue Jays manager John Gibbons announced that <mask> had been designated for assignment.<mask> was reported to be willing to accept an assignment to Triple-A Buffalo and was outrighted to Buffalo on July 5. <mask> was added to the Blue Jays roster again on August 24, and designated for assignment on August 26. After clearing waivers, he was again outrighted to the Buffalo Bisons. He became a free agent on October 1. Return to the minor leagues On December 19, 2013, <mask> signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Cincinnati Reds. He began the 2014 season with the Louisville Bats of the International League, but opted out of his deal on July 13. <mask> signed a minor league contract with the White Sox on July 17, and pitched for the Charlotte Knights of the International League.During the 2014–15 offseason, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves. The Braves assigned <mask> to the Gwinnett Braves of the International League. In 10 starts and one relief appearance, <mask> had a 2–6 record with an ERA of 6.10, while surrendering the most hits in Triple-A up to the month of June. He was released on June 19. <mask> signed with the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, and independent baseball league, on June 24. He made three starts for the Blue Crabs, winning all three and pitching to a 2.49 ERA. On July 12, 2015, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners.They assigned him to the Tacoma Rainiers of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. Kansas City Royals On January 7, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. After a strong spring training, he made the Royals' opening day roster for the 2016 season as a relief pitcher. On April 9, 2016, <mask> threw a scoreless ninth inning in a 7–0 victory against the Minnesota Twins. This was his first major league game since August 25, 2013. <mask> pitched for the Royals 38 times for innings over the year, going 6–0 with a 4.22 ERA. He went on the disabled list with right biceps tendinitis on August 31 and was designated for assignment on September 17, 2016.He was released on September 22. National baseball team <mask> pitched for the Chinese Taipei national baseball team in the 2002 Asian Games. In 2004, as the ace of the staff, <mask> led Taiwan to the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. Against Australia, he allowed just three hits with no walks, and at one point retired nine batters in a row, to earn the win. He also limited Japan to just five hits in the first six innings. After being called up to the American major leagues, <mask> was idolized in Taiwan where all of his games were televised nationwide, many on public big screens to large audiences. Because of this popularity, he was named one of the Time 100 for 2007.At the 2013 World Baseball Classic, <mask> started for the Taiwan team's opener against Australia and threw 6 shut out innings for the win. In the second round, <mask> pitched six impressive scoreless innings against Japan, but was left with a no-decision when Japan rallied to win in the 10th inning. Coaching career <mask> joined the Fubon Guardians of Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League in June 2018 as a guest coach. He remained with the team through the 2019 season. In 2020, <mask> became the pitching coach for the CTBC Brothers, and focused particularly on pitching prospects on the Brothers' farm team. During the offseason in 2021, the Brothers announced that <mask> had signed a new contract, and agreed to remain with the team as coach for three years. Scouting report During his prime, <mask> was a finesse pitcher with a power pitcher's velocity.In this period, he primarily relied on his power sinker along with the occasional four-seam fastball, slider, changeup, and splitter. His sinker, which was responsible for his elevation to ace status before his foot injury, had very impressive lateral movement and was thrown at greater than average velocity, sitting in the 91–94 mph range. Before his first shoulder injury, he also had a curveball until he was encouraged to opt for a sinker instead. By 2016, after a long recovery process, <mask>'s sinker had returned to the 89-93 mph range, with a top speed of 95 mph. His strikeout pitch is an average slider that closely resembles the fastball coming out of his hand, thus getting batters to swing ahead of the pitch. <mask> also throws a split-finger fastball, though he only uses the pitch sparsely when in need of a strikeout or double play. <mask>'s pitching style is characterized by efficiency, command of the strike zone, few walks, few home runs allowed but also records very few strikeouts.<mask> works quickly and uses his ground-ball inducing sinker to produce many double plays. This efficiency often allows <mask> to maintain a low pitch count deep into games. In Taiwan and the minor leagues, <mask> threw a more conventional assortment of pitches, including a four-seam fastball, a changeup, and far more splitters. The sinker, which has become <mask>'s signature pitch, was developed during his minor league career with advice from Neil Allen, his Triple-A pitching coach, and his Triple-A catcher, Sal Fasano. Prior to the 2008 season, <mask> relied on his sinking fastball about 90% of the time. However, after occasional bad outings, especially during the 2007 ALDS, <mask> has worked to fully incorporate a slider and changeup into his repertoire. Through his first three starts of 2008, <mask> used his slider roughly 20% of the time and his changeup around 8%.Personal life In a 2006 The New York Times interview, <mask> revealed that he is the biological child of the man he formerly thought was his uncle. Due to the media frenzy created in Taiwan over this, he briefly refused to give interviews to Taiwanese media. <mask> has also been taught basic English. He has resided in Fort Lee, New Jersey and Edgewater, New Jersey. <mask> is married to Chia-Ling Wu. The couple has two sons, J.J., born 2009, and Wellington, born 2013. On April 23, 2012, <mask> admitted to having an extramarital affair while he was recovering from a shoulder injury in 2009.In the summer of 2011, <mask>'s biological maternal grandfather, a man surnamed Huang, 82, committed suicide in a park in Tainan, Taiwan by hanging himself with a piece of electrical cord, according to a news report in the Taipei Times. <mask> often visited this maternal grandfather when he returned to Taiwan from time to time. A documentary about <mask>, Late Life: The Chien-<mask> Story, debuted in theaters in October 2018. See also List of Major League Baseball players from Taiwan List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders References External links 1980 births Living people American League wins champions Asian Games medalists in baseball Asian Games silver medalists for Chinese Taipei Baseball players at the 2002 Asian Games Baseball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Charlotte Knights players Columbus Clippers players Expatriate baseball players in Canada Gulf Coast Yankees players Hagerstown Suns players Harrisburg Senators players Louisville Bats players Major League Baseball pitchers Major League Baseball players from Taiwan Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games New York Yankees players Baseball players from Tainan People from Edgewater, New Jersey People from Fort Lee, New Jersey Potomac Nationals players Kansas City Royals players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players Southern Maryland Blue Crabs players Staten Island Yankees players Syracuse Chiefs players Tacoma Rainiers players Taiwanese expatriate baseball players in the United States Taiwanese expatriates in Canada Tampa Yankees players Toronto Blue Jays players Trenton Thunder players Washington Nationals players 2013 World Baseball Classic players Olympic baseball players of Taiwan

<mask> is a Taiwanese former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the New York Yankees, Washington Nationals, Toronto BlueJays and Kansas City Royals. He played for the Taiwan national baseball team and is now an assistant pitching coach. The Yankees signed <mask> as an amateur free agent in 2000. He made his MLB debut in 2005 after working his way up the Yankees' minor league system. He was one of the best starting pitchers for the Yankees in 2006 and 2007, winning 19 games and leading the American League in that category. He suffered a foot injury in 2008 that limited his appearances and effectiveness, and a series of arm injuries cost him most of the 2009.<mask> started 21 games for the Washington Nationals over the course of two seasons, but also spent time on the disabled list. After signing with the Yankees, he was released without pitching in the majors and signed with the Blue Jay's, who made six starts with limited effectiveness. He pitched for minor league teams in the past. He was a relief pitcher for the Kansas City Royals. Dodgers outfielder Chin-Feng Chen and Rockies pitcher Chin-Hui Tsao were the third major leaguers from Taiwan. <mask> was a member of the New York Yankees minor league system and the Single-A Staten Island Yankees. The lowest in Staten Island franchise history was posted by <mask>.He played for the World Team in the All-Star Futures Game. In 2005, <mask> was called up from the Columbus Clippers. <mask> returned to the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the RailRiders. On April 30, 2005, <mask> made his MLB debut for the New York Yankees, and he pitched seven strong frames, allowing only two earned runs. He got a no-decision in the Yankees' victory. An injury kept <mask> out of action for part of the season. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217On September 19, 2005, <mask> tied a record for assists in a game by a pitcher with nine. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The Yankees lost the series. In 2006 <mask> won 19 games, tied for the most in the majors, and posted a 3.63 earned run average across 34 starts. He picked up his first save against the Baltimore Orioles on June 3. Against the Washington Nationals, <mask> allowed a one-out, two-run, walk-off home run by Ryan Zimmerman to lose the game 3–2. His first complete-game win was on July 28, 2006 and it was a two-hitter.He got an outstanding 16 ground ball outs against Toronto in his next start. In the second half of the season, <mask> won 10 of his 14 starts and posted a 3.13 earned run average. The Yankees beat Detroit 8–4 as he started the first game of the Division Series. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 Wang was effective despite the lowest strikeout rate in the majors, thanks in part to the fact that he allowed less home runs than any other pitcher. Wang was the leader in ground ball percentage and groundouts for every fly ball out.<mask> finished second to Santana in the voting for the Cy Young Award. <mask> received 15 second-place votes and 51 points. He received a ninth-place vote and two points in the American League Most Valuable Player balloting. In MLB.com's This Year in Baseball Awards, he was chosen as the top starter in 2006 with more than 45% of the fan vote. <mask> was injured in spring training and was on the disabled list. He was back on April 24. On May 5, 2007, <mask> gave up a home run to Ben Broussard, falling five outs short of a perfect game.On June 17, 2007, <mask> had a terrific outing against the New York Mets, in which he threw a career-high 113 pitches and gave up just two runs on six hits. On August 30, <mask> took a no-hitter into the seventh before giving up a single to Mike Lowell. The Yankees beat the Red Sox 5–0 thanks to a two-hitter by Joba Chamberlain and Edwar Ramrez. In 2007, <mask> was second in the American League in wins (19), third in win–loss percentage (.731), ninth in wild pitches (9), and 10th in hit batting average. He had a perfect fielding percentage. He had the lowest HR/9innings pitched ratio in the American League (0.41%), was third in GB% (58.5%), and had the fifth-lowest strikeouts per 9innings pitched (4.70, and 104 strikeouts). <mask> had a subpar performance in the playoffs.<mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The Yankees lost in the ALDS. The beginning of the 2008 season saw Wang at the top of the Yankees rotation and the ace with veterans. Wang picked up his first win of the season in the final game of the Yankee Stadium season opener. He pitched a complete game in his first start against Boston. On April 22, 2008, Wang defeated the Chicago White Sox at U.S. Cellular Field.In <mask>'s 85th career start, he became the fastest Major Leaguer to record 50 wins as a starter since 1986 when Gooden did it for the New York Mets. <mask> became the fastest Yankee to 50 wins since Ron Guidry did it in his 82nd start. <mask> led the American League in April with a perfect 5–0 record. <mask> became the first six-game winner in the American League with a win over Seattle on May 2. <mask> lost his first loss of the season when the Cleveland Indians beat him 3–0 on May 8. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 On June 10, after going six starts with two losses and four no decisions since May 2, Wang defeated the Oakland A's 3–1 to end his winless streak.<mask> had the third highest winning percentage of all starting pitchers over the last three years. On June 15, <mask> was taken out of an interleague game versus the Houston Astros due to a right foot injury he sustained while running the bases, something he was not used to doing, since pitchers do not bat in the American League. There was a partial tear of the peroneus longus of <mask>'s right foot. He wore a protective boot and was on crutches. <mask> was unable to pitch for the rest of the season because of the extensive rehabilitation process after the cast was removed. Hank Steinbrenner, a part-owner of the Yankees, was upset that pitchers had to bat in the National League and suggested that the League join the modern age. <mask> and the New York Yankees agreed to a $5 million one-year contract on December 22, 2008.<mask> made $4 million in the 2008 season. He wanted $4.7 million. On April 3, 2009, <mask> became the first Yankees' starting pitcher and the first game winning pitcher of the new Yankee Stadium in the stadium opener exhibition game against the Chicago Cubs. His regular season began with a terrible performance. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 That was followed by a one-inning appearance against the Tampa Bay Rays, in which he gave up eight earned runs. In his third start, against the Cleveland Indians in New York on April 18, <mask> was credited with eight more earned runs, as Cleveland won the game 22–4.<mask> was 0–3 after his first three appearances. The right foot injury <mask> sustained in the 2008 season may have caused him to compensate with the rest of his motion, leading to his struggles in 2009. The manager of the April 18 game said, "We have some time." We have a day off on Thursday and we're going to have to decide what's best for Chien-<mask> and the team. General Manager Brian Cashman confirmed at a Q&A at Southern Connecticut State University that <mask>'s release point was five inches higher than the previous season. After being removed from the rotation and sent to work on mechanical issues, <mask> was diagnosed with weakness in the muscles of his hips and was placed on the disabled list. On his first day on the active roster after being activated from the disabled list, he was brought in from the pen.<mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 On June 28, <mask> earned his first win of the season, and his first since June 15, 2008, when he gave up two runs against the New York Mets. On July 15, 2009, <mask> was placed on the disabled list. He was eliminated for the rest of the season after having shoulder surgery. If he had been healthy, <mask> would have participated in the parade after the Yankees won the World Series. The Yankees decided not to re-sign him, making him a free agent. On February 19, 2010, the Washington Nationals announced they had signed <mask> to a $2 million deal, plus up to $3 million in incentives.It was thought that <mask> would return to the majors in late July or early August. There was no timetable for <mask>'s return to the majors. In September, the Nationals acknowledged that <mask> would not pitch in the majors during the season, but instead was preparing for the instructional league in the fall. After the 2010 season, <mask> was non-tendered. On December 16, 2010, <mask> re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $1 million contract with $4 million worth of potential performance incentives. He began a formal rehab assignment with the Nationals' Class A farm team, the Hagerstown Suns, on June 27 and allowed two earned runs while striking out three and walking none. His top speed was around 90 mph, but it sat between 86 and 88 mph.In his second start for the high-A Potomac Nationals on July 2, <mask> allowed two walks and struck out two, but he did not allow a run. His final pitch was a strike and his velocity hit 91 mph. <mask> made his Nationals debut on July 29 after a July 24 start for the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He made his first hit and first run in the majors in his final start of the season on September 24 against the Atlanta Braves' Brandon Beachy. <mask> was granted free agency on October 30, 2011. On November 4, <mask> re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $4 million contract.<mask> was placed on the disabled list on March 15, 2012 due to an injury to his left leg. On May 25, <mask> pitched in the majors for the first time since going on the disabled list. He won his first game that season. <mask> was added to the team's starting rotation. <mask> went 1–3 in four starts with an average of 6.10 and 11 strikeouts in his 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 <mask> hit a double against the Milwaukee Brewers' starting pitcher. <mask> signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees.His minor contract is worth US$35,000 per month, but could be worth up to 2.5 million per year with an extra 2.2 million in bonuses, according to his agents and Taiwan's EETV. He had the option of reverting to free-agent status if he didn't get a major league contract by the end of April. On June 7, <mask> opted out of his contract. <mask> signed a one-year, $500,000 deal with the Toronto Blue Jays. He made his first start as a starter for the Blue Jays on June 11. Alex Anthopoulos said that the team would decide on further appearances based on the result of <mask>'s first start. <mask> earned his first win as a Blue Jay in a game against the Texas Rangers on June 16.The four-game sweep of the Rangers in Arlington was the first for the Blue Jays in franchise history. The Blue Jays went on an 11-game winning streak after <mask> was added to their roster. <mask> started three games during the streak, and each time he pitched at least six frames. <mask> was unable to make it out of the second baseman's position in the two games he started. <mask> gave up six hits and seven earned runs on June 27 against Boston. He gave up eight hits and six earned runs on July 2 in his only appearance of the day. John Gibbons announced after the game that <mask> had been designated for assignment.According to reports, <mask> accepted an assignment to Triple-A Buffalo and was sent to Buffalo on July 5. <mask> was designated for assignment on August 26 after he was added to the Blue Jays roster again on August 24. He was sent to the Buffalo Bisons again after clearing waivers. On October 1 he became a free agent. <mask> signed a minor league contract and was invited to spring training with the Cincinnati Reds. He was with the Louisville Bats of the International League when he opted out of his contract. <mask> pitched for the Charlotte Knights of the International League after signing a minor league contract with the White Sox.<mask> signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves. The Braves assigned <mask> to the International League. In 10 starts and one relief appearance, <mask> had a 2–6 record with an average of 6.10 in 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 On June 19 he was released. The Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball signed <mask> on June 24. He won all three of his starts for the Blue Crabs. On July 12, 2015, <mask> signed a minor league contract.He was assigned to the Rainiers of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. He made the Royals' opening day roster as a relief pitcher. In a 7–0 victory against the Minnesota Twins, <mask> threw a blank ninth. He hadn't played in a major league game since August 25, 2013. <mask> pitched for the Royals 38 times over the course of the year, going 6–0 with a 4.22 earned run average. On August 31, he was placed on the disabled list with a right bicep injury.He was released on September 22. <mask> pitched for the Chinese Taipei national baseball team in the 2002 Asian Games. The ace of the staff, <mask>, led Taiwan to the 2004 Olympic Games. He allowed three hits with no walks and at one point retired nine batters in a row to earn the win against Australia. He limited Japan to just five hits. After being called up to the American major league, <mask> was idolized in Taiwan, where all of his games were televised nationwide. He was one of the Time 100 for 2007, because of his popularity.<mask> started for the Taiwan team in the World Baseball Classic and threw 6 shut outs for the win. In the second round, <mask> pitched a complete game against Japan, but was left with a no-decision when Japan came back to win in the 10th. <mask> joined the Fubon Guardians of Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League as a guest coach. He was with the team through the season. <mask> became the pitching coach for the Brothers in 2020 and focused on the pitching prospects on the farm team. <mask> signed a new contract with the Brothers and agreed to remain as the team's coach for three years. <mask> was a pitcher with a power pitcher's velocity.He relied on his power sinker, four-seam fastball, changeup, and splitter in this period. His sinker, which was responsible for his elevation to ace status before his foot injury, was thrown at greater than average speeds, sitting in the 91–94 mph range. After his first shoulder injury, he was encouraged to use a sinker instead of a curveball. After a long recovery process, <mask>'s sinker returned to the 89-93 mph range with a top speed of 95 mph. The pitch he uses to get hitters to swing ahead of the pitch is a strikeout pitch that is similar to the fastball coming out of his hand. When he needs a strikeout or double play, <mask> only uses the split-fingered fastball. <mask>'s pitching style is characterized by efficiency, command of the strike zone, few walks, few home runs allowed but also records very few strikeouts.<mask> uses his ground-ball inducing sinker to produce many double plays. <mask> can maintain a low pitch count deep into games with this efficiency. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Neil Allen, <mask>'s Triple-A pitching coach, and his Triple-A catcher helped him develop his signature pitch. <mask> relied on his sinking pitch most of the time before the 2008 season. <mask> has worked to incorporate a changeup into his arsenal after some bad outings. <mask> used his changeup around 8% in his first three starts of the year.<mask> revealed in a 2006 New York Times interview that he is the biological child of a man he thought was his uncle. He refused to give interviews to Taiwanese media because of the media frenzy. Basic English was taught to <mask>. He has lived in New Jersey and New York. <mask> is married to a woman. Two sons, J.J. and Wellington, were born to the couple. <mask> had an extramarital affair while he was recovering from a shoulder injury.According to a news report in the Taipei Times, <mask>'s maternal grandfather committed suicide by hanging himself with an electrical cord in a park in Tainan, Taiwan, in the summer of 2011. <mask> often visited this maternal grandfather when he was in Taiwan. The documentary about <mask>, Late Life: The Chien-<mask> Story, was released in October. There is a list of Major League Baseball players from Taiwan.

33927655

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofraid%20of%20Lochlann

Gofraid of Lochlann

Gofraid, King of Lochlann was a key figure in the emergence of Norse influence in Scotland and one of the early Kings of the Isles and of that dominated the Irish Sea and environs in the Early Middle Ages. Very little is known of him, including his origins and the nature of his kingdom, although his descendants are well attested in the Irish annals. Speculative connections between these historical figures and characters from the Norse sagas have also been made. Life The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland record of Amlaib Conung that in 871 he:went from Erin to Lochlann to wage war on the Lochlanns, and to aid his father Goffridh, for the Lochlanns had made war against him, his father having come for him.Ó Corráin (1998), p. 34. Frustratingly, the text continues: Since it would be lengthy to tell the cause of their war, and since it has so little relevance to us, although we have knowledge of it, we forego writing it, for our task is to write about whatever concerns Ireland, and not even all of that; for the Irish suffer evils not only from the Norwegians, but they also suffer many evils from themselves. These annals also note that in 849: the sixth year of the reign of Máel Sechlainn, Amlaib Conung, son of the king of Lochlann, came to Ireland, and he brought with him a proclamation of many tributes and taxes from his father, and he departed suddenly. Then his younger brother Imar came after him to levy the same tribute. This source is then clear that Amlaib is the son of Gofraid, king of Lochlann, although the location of "Lochlann" is the subject of some dispute. This word is often translated as "Norway" although Ó Corráin (1998) argues that Lochlann "is Viking Scotland and probably includes Man" at this time and suggests an early date for an organised Kingdom of the Isles. The Fragmentary Annals record little else about Gofraid's life but report of 873:Ég righ Lochlainne .i. Gothfraid do tedmaimm grána opond. Sic quod placuit Deo. (The death of the king of Lochlann i.e. Gothfraid of a sudden and horrible fit. So it pleased God.) However, according to Downham (2007) "none of these details can be relied upon" as "there is no contemporary evidence to support the statement that [Amlaib's] father was called Gofraid", the Fragmentary Annals having been compiled at an uncertain date, possibly as early as the 11th century. Neither is the dating of the Annals definitive. Nonetheless, Ó Corráin (1998) argues of 873 that "this is no chronological impossibility: his sons first appeared in Ireland 25 years before, very likely in their twenties or younger, and we may infer from this that he may have been in his sixties when he died." He also states that "it is likely that the father of Amlaíb (Óláfr) and Ímar (Ívarr) is Gothfraidh (Guðrøðr) and that he is a historical person and dynastic ancestor." Predecessors The Fragmentary Annals note of a date c. 871–872 that "In this year, i.e. the tenth year of the reign of Áed Findliath, Imar son of Gothfraid son of Ragnall son of Gothfraid Conung son of Gofraid and the son of the man who left Ireland, i.e. Amlaib, plundered from west to east, and from south to north." This suggests an ancestry for Gofraid but according to Ó Corráin this reference to "his genealogical ascent is a construct without historical value" and attempts to link the Kings of Lochlann with historical figures in Norway have not proven to be satisfactory. Alfred Smyth identifies Amlaib as Olaf Geirstad-Alf of Vestfold, which would make Gofraid identical to Gudrød the Hunter, grandfather of Harald Fairhair. However Ó Corráin maintains that there is "no good historical or linguistic evidence to link Lothlend/Laithlind with Norway, and none to link the dynasty of Dublin to the shadowy history of the Ynglings of Vestfold." Descendants In addition to Amlaib Conung, Gofraid had at least two other children, Amlaib's brothers Ímar, the eponymous founder of the Uí Ímair, and Óisle. The Annals of Ulster also note that there was a king of "Laithlinne" whose heir, Thórir, brought an army to Ireland in 848 and who died there in battle. Although there is no specific suggestion that this king was Gofraid this is only the year before the Fragmentary Annals first record of Amlaib as the king's son. According to the Fragmentary Annals c. 867: There was an encounter between Óisle, son of the king of Norway, and Amlaib, his brother. The king had three sons: Amlaib, Imar, and Óisle. Óisle was the least of them in age, but he was the greatest in valor, for he outshone the Irish in casting javelins and in strength with spears. He outshone the Norwegians in strength with swords and in shooting arrows. His brothers loathed him greatly, and Amlaib the most; the causes of the hatred are not told because of their length. The two brothers, Amlaib and Imar, went to consult about the matter of the young lad Óisle; although they had hidden reasons for killing him, they did not bring these up, but instead they brought up other causes for which they ought to kill him; and afterwards they decided to kill him. When Óisle visited Amlaib the former said: 'Brother, if your wife, i.e. the daughter of Cináed, does not love you, why not give her to me, and whatever you have lost by her, I shall give to you.' When Amlaib heard that, he was seized with great jealousy, and he drew his sword, and struck it into the head of Óisle, his brother, so that he killed him. After that all rose up to fight each other (i.e. the followers of the king, Amlaib, and the followers of the brother who had been killed there); then there were trumpets and battle-cries on both sides. In 870 Dumbarton was besieged by Amlaib Conung and Ímar, "the two kings of the Northmen", who "returned to Dublin from Britain" the following year with numerous captives. Gofraid may have been succeeded briefly by Ímar who also died in 873. His death is recorded in the Annals of Ulster: Imhar rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernię & Brittanie uitam finiuit (Ímar king of the Norwegian Vikings of the whole of Ireland and Britain ended his life.) Amlaíb died either the following year campaigning in Scotland,Ó Corráin (1998), p. 35. or perhaps prior to 872. The matter of Gofraid's descendants and antecedents is subject to some ambiguity based on differing interpretations of these siblings and their connections to legendary figures from the Norse sagas. Ímar The descendants of Ímar include his grandson Ragnall ua Ímair, who was a ruler of Northumbria and Mann (and who may have been the historical prototype of Rognvald Eysteinsson of the Orkneyinga Saga), Sitric Cáech (d. 927) who was a King of Dublin and of York, his successor Amlaíb Cuarán and probably the later Crovan dynasty of Mann and thus of Clann Somhairle, the rulers of Argyll and their descendants the Clan Donald Lords of the Isles. Ímar has also been identified as the saga character Ivar the Boneless.Ó Corráin (1979), p. 296. The latter is referred to in late 11th century Icelandic saga material as a son of the powerful Ragnar Lodbrok. This Ivar had 11 brothers including Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ubba (but not including an Amlaib or Óisle) and is also believed to have died childless. Nor is there any indication in the Irish annals that Ragnar Lodbrok had any Irish connections. Amlaib Amlaib had two sons, Oistin (d. 875) and Carlus (d. 868). Unlike Ímar, no later descendants are recorded but like his brother, he has also been identified as a saga character — Olaf the White.Crawford (1987), p. 192. This Olaf married Aud the Deep-Minded, daughter of Ketil Flatnose and they had a son, Thorstein the Red, whose name is similar to the Irish "Oistin". However, Aud does not appear in the Irish sources and there are various problems with the connection. For example, the Landnámabók has Olaf killed in battle in Ireland, but no Irish source refers to the battle and the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba has Amlaib dying in Pictavia at the hands of Causantín mac Cináeda. The connection has "frequently been proposed and frequently been rejected". References Notes Footnotes General references Adam of Bremen. Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum in Francis J. Tschan (tr.) (1959) History of the Archbishops of Hamburg–Bremen. New York. Crawford, Barbara E. (1987) Scandinavian Scotland. Leicester University Press. Downham, Clare (2007) Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh. Dunedin Academic Press. Etchingham, Colman "The location of historical Laithlinn/Lochla(i)nn: Scotland or Scandinavia?" in Ó Flaithearta, Mícheál (ed.) (2007) Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium of Societas Celtologica Nordica. University of Uppsala. Fragmentary Annals of Ireland. CELT. Translation by Joan Newlon Radner (c.1977). Retrieved 15 November 2011. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (Mar 1979) "High-Kings, Vikings and Other Kings". Irish Historical Studies 22 No. 83 pp. 283–323. Irish Historical Studies Publications. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (1998) Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the Ninth Century CELT. Retrieved 15 November 2011. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh "General: The Vikings in Ireland" (pdf) CELT. Retrieved 21 December 2008. Published in Brink, Stefan (ed.) (2008) The Viking World. London. Routledge. O'Donovan, John (translator) Annals of Ireland. (1860) Three fragments, copied from ancient sources by Dubhaltach MacFirbisigh; and edited, with a translation and notes, from a manuscript preserved in the Burgundian Library at Brussels. Dublin Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society. Retrieved 15 November 2011. Smyth, Alfred P., (1989) Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland 80–1000 AD. Edinburgh University Press. Todd, James Henthorn (translator) (1867) Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. London: Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. Woolf, Alex (2005) "The origins and ancestry of Somerled: Gofraid mac Fergusa and The Annals of the Four Masters" (pdf) in Mediaeval Scandinavia 15'''. Woolf, Alex "The Age of the Sea-Kings: 900–1300" in Omand, Donald (ed.) (2006) The Argyll Book''. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 9th-century births 9th century in Scotland 9th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 9th-century rulers in Europe Lochlann Uí Ímair 870s deaths Year of birth unknown Year of death uncertain

<mask>, King of Lochlann was a key figure in the emergence of Norse influence in Scotland and one of the early Kings of the Isles and of that dominated the Irish Sea and environs in the Early Middle Ages. Very little is known of him, including his origins and the nature of his kingdom, although his descendants are well attested in the Irish annals. Speculative connections between these historical figures and characters from the Norse sagas have also been made. Life The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland record of Amlaib Conung that in 871 he:went from Erin to Lochlann to wage war on the Lochlanns, and to aid his father <mask>h, for the Lochlanns had made war against him, his father having come for him.Ó Corráin (1998), p. 34. Frustratingly, the text continues: Since it would be lengthy to tell the cause of their war, and since it has so little relevance to us, although we have knowledge of it, we forego writing it, for our task is to write about whatever concerns Ireland, and not even all of that; for the Irish suffer evils not only from the Norwegians, but they also suffer many evils from themselves. These annals also note that in 849: the sixth year of the reign of Máel Sechlainn, Amlaib Conung, son of the king of Lochlann, came to Ireland, and he brought with him a proclamation of many tributes and taxes from his father, and he departed suddenly. Then his younger brother Imar came after him to levy the same tribute.This source is then clear that Amlaib is the son of <mask>, king of Lochlann, although the location of "Lochlann" is the subject of some dispute. This word is often translated as "Norway" although Ó Corráin (1998) argues that Lochlann "is Viking Scotland and probably includes Man" at this time and suggests an early date for an organised Kingdom of the Isles. The Fragmentary Annals record little else about <mask>'s life but report of 873:Ég righ Lochlainne .i. Gothfraid do tedmaimm grána opond. Sic quod placuit Deo. (The death of the king of Lochlann i.e. Gothfraid of a sudden and horrible fit.So it pleased God.) However, according to Downham (2007) "none of these details can be relied upon" as "there is no contemporary evidence to support the statement that [Amlaib's] father was called <mask>", the Fragmentary Annals having been compiled at an uncertain date, possibly as early as the 11th century. Neither is the dating of the Annals definitive. Nonetheless, Ó Corráin (1998) argues of 873 that "this is no chronological impossibility: his sons first appeared in Ireland 25 years before, very likely in their twenties or younger, and we may infer from this that he may have been in his sixties when he died." He also states that "it is likely that the father of Amlaíb (Óláfr) and Ímar (Ívarr) is Gothfraidh (Guðrøðr) and that he is a historical person and dynastic ancestor." Predecessors The Fragmentary Annals note of a date c. 871–872 that "In this year, i.e. the tenth year of the reign of Áed Findliath, Imar son of Gothfraid son of Ragnall son of Gothfraid Conung son of <mask>id and the son of the man who left Ireland, i.e.Amlaib, plundered from west to east, and from south to north." This suggests an ancestry for <mask>id but according to Ó Corráin this reference to "his genealogical ascent is a construct without historical value" and attempts to link the Kings of Lochlann with historical figures in Norway have not proven to be satisfactory. Alfred Smyth identifies Amlaib as Olaf Geirstad-Alf of Vestfold, which would make <mask>id identical to Gudrød the Hunter, grandfather of Harald Fairhair. However Ó Corráin maintains that there is "no good historical or linguistic evidence to link Lothlend/Laithlind with Norway, and none to link the dynasty of Dublin to the shadowy history of the Ynglings of Vestfold." Descendants In addition to Amlaib Conung, <mask>id had at least two other children, Amlaib's brothers Ímar, the eponymous founder of the Uí Ímair, and Óisle. The Annals of Ulster also note that there was a king of "Laithlinne" whose heir, Thórir, brought an army to Ireland in 848 and who died there in battle. Although there is no specific suggestion that this king was <mask>id this is only the year before the Fragmentary Annals first record of Amlaib as the king's son.According to the Fragmentary Annals c. 867: There was an encounter between Óisle, son of the king of Norway, and Amlaib, his brother. The king had three sons: Amlaib, Imar, and Óisle. Óisle was the least of them in age, but he was the greatest in valor, for he outshone the Irish in casting javelins and in strength with spears. He outshone the Norwegians in strength with swords and in shooting arrows. His brothers loathed him greatly, and Amlaib the most; the causes of the hatred are not told because of their length. The two brothers, Amlaib and Imar, went to consult about the matter of the young lad Óisle; although they had hidden reasons for killing him, they did not bring these up, but instead they brought up other causes for which they ought to kill him; and afterwards they decided to kill him. When Óisle visited Amlaib the former said: 'Brother, if your wife, i.e.the daughter of Cináed, does not love you, why not give her to me, and whatever you have lost by her, I shall give to you.' When Amlaib heard that, he was seized with great jealousy, and he drew his sword, and struck it into the head of Óisle, his brother, so that he killed him. After that all rose up to fight each other (i.e. the followers of the king, Amlaib, and the followers of the brother who had been killed there); then there were trumpets and battle-cries on both sides. In 870 Dumbarton was besieged by Amlaib Conung and Ímar, "the two kings of the Northmen", who "returned to Dublin from Britain" the following year with numerous captives. <mask>id may have been succeeded briefly by Ímar who also died in 873. His death is recorded in the Annals of Ulster: Imhar rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernię & Brittanie uitam finiuit (Ímar king of the Norwegian Vikings of the whole of Ireland and Britain ended his life.)Amlaíb died either the following year campaigning in Scotland,Ó Corráin (1998), p. 35. or perhaps prior to 872. The matter of <mask>id's descendants and antecedents is subject to some ambiguity based on differing interpretations of these siblings and their connections to legendary figures from the Norse sagas. Ímar The descendants of Ímar include his grandson Ragnall ua Ímair, who was a ruler of Northumbria and Mann (and who may have been the historical prototype of Rognvald Eysteinsson of the Orkneyinga Saga), Sitric Cáech (d. 927) who was a King of Dublin and of York, his successor Amlaíb Cuarán and probably the later Crovan dynasty of Mann and thus of Clann Somhairle, the rulers of Argyll and their descendants the Clan Donald Lords of the Isles. Ímar has also been identified as the saga character Ivar the Boneless.Ó Corráin (1979), p. 296. The latter is referred to in late 11th century Icelandic saga material as a son of the powerful Ragnar Lodbrok. This Ivar had 11 brothers including Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ubba (but not including an Amlaib or Óisle) and is also believed to have died childless. Nor is there any indication in the Irish annals that Ragnar Lodbrok had any Irish connections.Amlaib Amlaib had two sons, Oistin (d. 875) and Carlus (d. 868). Unlike Ímar, no later descendants are recorded but like his brother, he has also been identified as a saga character — Olaf the White.Crawford (1987), p. 192. This Olaf married Aud the Deep-Minded, daughter of Ketil Flatnose and they had a son, Thorstein the Red, whose name is similar to the Irish "Oistin". However, Aud does not appear in the Irish sources and there are various problems with the connection. For example, the Landnámabók has Olaf killed in battle in Ireland, but no Irish source refers to the battle and the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba has Amlaib dying in Pictavia at the hands of Causantín mac Cináeda. The connection has "frequently been proposed and frequently been rejected". References Notes Footnotes General references Adam of Bremen.Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum in Francis J. Tschan (tr.) (1959) History of the Archbishops of Hamburg–Bremen. New York. Crawford, Barbara E. (1987) Scandinavian Scotland. Leicester University Press. Downham, Clare (2007) Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh.Dunedin Academic Press. Etchingham, Colman "The location of historical Laithlinn/Lochla(i)nn: Scotland or Scandinavia?" in Ó Flaithearta, Mícheál (ed.) (2007) Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium of Societas Celtologica Nordica. University of Uppsala. Fragmentary Annals of Ireland. CELT.Translation by Joan Newlon Radner (c.1977). Retrieved 15 November 2011. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (Mar 1979) "High-Kings, Vikings and Other Kings". Irish Historical Studies 22 No. 83 pp. 283–323. Irish Historical Studies Publications.Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (1998) Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the Ninth Century CELT. Retrieved 15 November 2011. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh "General: The Vikings in Ireland" (pdf) CELT. Retrieved 21 December 2008. Published in Brink, Stefan (ed.) (2008) The Viking World. London.Routledge. O'Donovan, John (translator) Annals of Ireland. (1860) Three fragments, copied from ancient sources by Dubhaltach MacFirbisigh; and edited, with a translation and notes, from a manuscript preserved in the Burgundian Library at Brussels. Dublin Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society. Retrieved 15 November 2011. Smyth, Alfred P., (1989) Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland 80–1000 AD. Edinburgh University Press.Todd, James Henthorn (translator) (1867) Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. London: Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. Woolf, Alex (2005) "The origins and ancestry of Somerled: <mask> mac Fergusa and The Annals of the Four Masters" (pdf) in Mediaeval Scandinavia 15'''. Woolf, Alex "The Age of the Sea-Kings: 900–1300" in Omand, Donald (ed.) (2006) The Argyll Book''. Edinburgh. Birlinn.9th-century births 9th century in Scotland 9th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 9th-century rulers in Europe Lochlann Uí Ímair 870s deaths Year of birth unknown Year of death uncertain

The emergence of Norse influence in Scotland and one of the early Kings of the Isles was led by <mask>, King of Lochlann. Although his descendants are well documented in the Irish annals, very little is known of him. There are connections between these historical figures and characters from the Norse sagas. The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland record that Amlaib Conung went to Lochlann to wage war on the Lochlanns in order to help his father. Since it would take a long time to tell the cause of their war, and since we don't know anything about it, we don't write about it. The sixth year of the reign of Mel Sechlainn, Amlaib Conung, son of the king of Lochlann, came to Ireland, and he brought with him a proclamation of many tributes and taxes from his father. His younger brother Imar came after him.According to this source, Amlaib is the son of <mask>, the king of Lochlann. Corrin argues that Lochlann is Viking Scotland and probably includes Man and suggests an early date for an organised Kingdom of the Isles. The Fragmentary Annals don't record much else about <mask>'s life. Gothfraid do tedmaimm. Sic quod placuit. The king of Lochlann died. It was a horrible fit.It pleased God. There is no contemporary evidence to support the statement that Amlaib's father was called <mask>, according to Downham. The Annals dating is not definitive. He may have been in his sixties when he died, according to Corrin, because his sons first appeared in Ireland 25 years before. He believes that the father of Amlab and mar is Gothfraidh. The Fragmentary Annals note of a date in this year. Imar son of Gothfraid son of Ragnall son of Gothfraid Conung son of <mask>id left Ireland in the tenth year of the reign of ed Findliath.Amlaib was taken from west to east and from south to north. Attempts to link the Kings of Lochlann with historical figures in Norway have not proven to be satisfactory according to Corrin. Alfred Smyth believes that Amlaib is the grandson of the grandfather of Harald Fairhair. There is no good historical or linguistic evidence to link the dynasty of Dublin with the Ynglings of Vestfold, according to Corrin. In addition to Amlaib Conung, <mask>id had at least two other children, mar and isle. Thrir, the heir to the throne of "Laithlinne", brought an army to Ireland in 848 and died in battle. The year before the Fragmentary Annals first record of Amlaib as the king's son is when there is no specific suggestion that this king was <mask>id.According to the Fragmentary Annals, there was an encounter between isle, son of the king of Norway, and Amlaib, his brother. Amlaib, Imar, and isle were the king's three sons. The least of them was isle, but he was the greatest in bravery, for he outshone the Irish in javelins and spears. He was better at shooting arrows and swords than the Norwegians. The causes of Amlaib's hatred are not told because of his length. Although they had hidden reasons for killing him, Amlaib and Imar brought up other causes that they should have killed him. When isle visited Amlaib, he asked if his wife was with him.The daughter of Cined doesn't love you, why not give her to me, and whatever you have lost by her, I will give to you. Amlaib was seized with jealousy and struck his brother with his sword, so that he killed him. They fought each other after that. There were trumpets and battle-cries on both sides of the battle. The two kings of the Northmen, Amlaib Conung and mar, retreated to Dublin after being besieged by Dumbarton. mar may have succeeded <mask> briefly. The king of the Norwegian Vikings of the whole of Ireland and Britain died.Amlab died after campaigning in Scotland. There are differing interpretations of <mask>id's siblings and their connections to legendary figures from the Norse sagas. The descendants of mar include his grandson Ragnall ua mair, who was a ruler of Northumbria and Mann. The character Ivar the Boneless has been identified as mar. The latter is referred to as a son of a powerful man in the late 11th century. Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ubba are believed to have died childless, along with 11 other brothers. There is no indication in the Irish history that there was a connection to Ireland.Oistin and Carlus were the sons of Amlaib. Unlike mar, no later descendants are recorded but like his brother, he has also been identified as a saga character. Aud the Deep-Minded, daughter of Ketil Flatnose, was married to a man with the same name as the Irish "Oistin". There are problems with the connection between Aud and the Irish sources. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba states that Amlaib died at the hands of Causantn mac Cineda, but no Irish source mentions the battle. The connection has been rejected many times. There are references to Adam of Bremen in the notes.Francis J. Tschan is the author of Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum. The history of the archbishops. New York. Crawford, Barbara E. The University Press of Leicester. Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of varr to A.D. 1014 was written by Downham. Edinburgh.The Academic Press of the city of Dunedin. What is the location of historical Laithlinn/Lochla(i)nn: Scotland or Scandinavia? Mchel is the author of Flaithearta. The Seventh Symposium of Nordica was held in 2007. The University of Uppsala is located in Sweden. There are fragments of Annals of Ireland. CELT.The translation was written by Joan Newlon Radner. The article was published on 15 November 2011. "High-Kings, Vikings and Other Kings" was written by Corrin. Irish Historical Studies is a journal. There is 83 pp. 283–323. Irish Historical Studies Publications.Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the Ninth Century CELT was written by Donnchadh Corrin. The article was published on 15 November 2011. "General: The Vikings in Ireland" was written by Donnchadh Corrin. The article was published on 21 December 2008. Brink's ed. was published in Brink. The Viking World was published in 2008. London.There is a book called Routledge. John O'Donovan wrote the Annals of Ireland. Three fragments were copied from ancient sources and edited with a translation and notes from a manuscript in the Burgundian Library at Brussels. Dublin Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society. The article was published on 15 November 2011. The book is called Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland 80– 1000 AD. Edinburgh University Press.Todd is the author of Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer are in London. "The origins and ancestry of Somerled: <mask> mac Fergusa and The Annals of the Four Masters" was written by Alex Woolf. Donald and Alex wrote "The Age of the Sea-Kings: 900–1300". The book is called The Argyll Book. Edinburgh. There is a person named Birlinn.9th century births in Scotland 9th century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 9th century rulers in Europe

2278624

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Knowles

Nick Knowles

Nicholas Simon Augustine Knowles (born 21 September 1962) is an English television presenter, writer and musical artist. He is best known for his presenting roles on the BBC, including game shows Who Dares Wins (2007–2019), Break the Safe (2013–2014) and 5-Star Family Reunion (2015–2016). Knowles presents the DIY series DIY SOS (1999–present) for BBC One and co-presented the daytime series Real Rescues (2007–2013). Early life Knowles was born in Southall, Middlesex. At the age of 11, Knowles moved to Mildenhall in Suffolk, attending St Louis Middle School and moved again, attended Gunnersbury Catholic School for Boys. After another family move, he attended the Skinners' School in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Leaving school at 16, he had a variety of dead-end jobs, labouring on building sites, working in a petrol station and selling shoes and carpets. He played in bands from the age of 14 and was constantly writing music, poetry and comedy, until he submitted a script to a BBC2 programme that invited children to make a video. Career Television Knowles began as a runner in television production, before moving into presenting. Knowles was a reporter for TVS in the South East, reporting on the nightly news programme Coast To Coast, mostly covering upbeat reports, until TVS lost its contract in 1992. In the early 1990s, he presented a show called Ridge Riders for ITV. This featured a celebrity and another one or two guests riding classic motorcycles along off-road tracks around the UK. The viewer was treated to historic and local information about the locality as well as informal chats with the celebrity. Knowles appeared as a member of Channel 5's chat show 5's Company between 1997 and 1999. He is principally known as the main host of DIY SOS, a home renovation series broadcast on BBC One since 1999, and has presented the BBC factual show Real Rescues since 2007. Knowles has also hosted several entertainment programmes for the BBC since signing an exclusive contract with them, including Who Dares Wins, Last Choir Standing, Guesstimation, Secret Fortune and Perfection. Knowles has also presented programmes with a wildlife theme. In 2007, he fronted Mission Africa, in which a team of volunteers constructed a game reserve in Kenya. During this project, Knowles fell from a Land Rover, dislocating his shoulder. He flew back to the UK to receive emergency treatment. In the same year, he reported on the plight of orphaned orangutans for an edition of Saving Planet Earth. In 2009, Knowles co-presented the BBC reality TV series Wildest Dreams with James Honeyborne, in which novice candidates had to complete a set of challenging tasks filming wild animals in Africa. The winner joined the BBC Natural History Unit on a one-year placement. From 2011 to 2015, Knowles was the presenter of the BBC game show Perfection, in which the candidates must achieve absolute perfection to win the jackpot, aired weekdays on BBC One. From 2013 to 2014, he presented the BBC National Lottery game show Break the Safe. In 2015, Knowles began presenting a new BBC One National Lottery game show 5-Star Family Reunion, which returned for a second series in 2016. In May 2016, Knowles presented Invictus: The Road to the Games, a one-off programme for the BBC. Knowles earned between £300,000 and £349,999 as a BBC presenter for the financial year 2016–2017. In 2018 he participated in the eighteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here!, finishing in sixth place, after being voted out on 6 December. In May 2021, it was reported that Knowles was holding talks with the BBC regarding his role as the main host of DIY SOS due to his appearance in a Shreddies TV advert which violated BBC's commercial agreements and guidelines. A week later, the BBC announced that they had resolved the issue and Knowles will return to his DIY SOS role with filming to resume in the coming months and is expected to be back on screens in 2022. During August-September 2021, Knowles will present the Channel 5 series Nick Knowles' Big House Clearout. Film Knowles was a co-writer on the film Golden Years, which stars Simon Callow, Virginia McKenna and Una Stubbs. The film was released in the UK on 28 April 2016. Music He released his first and last music album, Every Kind Of People, on 3 November 2017. The album entered UK Albums Chart at No. 92. Personal life Knowles married his first wife in the 1990s. After separating from her, he lived with presenter Suzi Perry until September 2003, after meeting on set whilst shooting City Hospital for the BBC in 2000. He dated his second wife Jessica Rose Moor from 2009 and they married in September 2012. In November 2013, Knowles and his wife Jessica opened an antiques shop and home design consultancy in Eton, Berkshire. Knowles plays rugby. He has been a vegan for a number of years, and, in 2016, became involved with a Shrewsbury-based vegan restaurant called O'Joy. The restaurant closed in November 2017. Knowles has four children. His brother has a record company and his three sisters all became dancers. In 2018 Knowles was reported to be living in Spain. In June 2019, Knowles was issued with a six-month driving ban and fined £1,480 for speeding and using a mobile phone whilst driving. Speaking outside the court in Cheltenham, he said: "For me, this was a wake-up call, and putting my phone in the boot of my car now stops the temptation." Charity Knowles has been a regular supporter of the children's anti-bullying charity Act Against Bullying. He sang "Addicted to Love" for Children in Need 2008. Filmography Television Film Discography Studio albums Singles Music videos References External links – official site 1962 births Living people English expatriates in Spain English game show hosts English television presenters I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series) participants People educated at The Skinners' School People from Southall Television personalities from London

<mask> (born 21 September 1962) is an English television presenter, writer and musical artist. He is best known for his presenting roles on the BBC, including game shows Who Dares Wins (2007–2019), Break the Safe (2013–2014) and 5-Star Family Reunion (2015–2016). <mask> presents the DIY series DIY SOS (1999–present) for BBC One and co-presented the daytime series Real Rescues (2007–2013). Early life <mask> was born in Southall, Middlesex. At the age of 11, <mask> moved to Mildenhall in Suffolk, attending St Louis Middle School and moved again, attended Gunnersbury Catholic School for Boys. After another family move, he attended the Skinners' School in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Leaving school at 16, he had a variety of dead-end jobs, labouring on building sites, working in a petrol station and selling shoes and carpets.He played in bands from the age of 14 and was constantly writing music, poetry and comedy, until he submitted a script to a BBC2 programme that invited children to make a video. Career Television <mask> began as a runner in television production, before moving into presenting. <mask> was a reporter for TVS in the South East, reporting on the nightly news programme Coast To Coast, mostly covering upbeat reports, until TVS lost its contract in 1992. In the early 1990s, he presented a show called Ridge Riders for ITV. This featured a celebrity and another one or two guests riding classic motorcycles along off-road tracks around the UK. The viewer was treated to historic and local information about the locality as well as informal chats with the celebrity. <mask> appeared as a member of Channel 5's chat show 5's Company between 1997 and 1999.He is principally known as the main host of DIY SOS, a home renovation series broadcast on BBC One since 1999, and has presented the BBC factual show Real Rescues since 2007. <mask> has also hosted several entertainment programmes for the BBC since signing an exclusive contract with them, including Who Dares Wins, Last Choir Standing, Guesstimation, Secret Fortune and Perfection. <mask> has also presented programmes with a wildlife theme. In 2007, he fronted Mission Africa, in which a team of volunteers constructed a game reserve in Kenya. During this project, <mask> fell from a Land Rover, dislocating his shoulder. He flew back to the UK to receive emergency treatment. In the same year, he reported on the plight of orphaned orangutans for an edition of Saving Planet Earth.In 2009, <mask> co-presented the BBC reality TV series Wildest Dreams with James Honeyborne, in which novice candidates had to complete a set of challenging tasks filming wild animals in Africa. The winner joined the BBC Natural History Unit on a one-year placement. From 2011 to 2015, <mask> was the presenter of the BBC game show Perfection, in which the candidates must achieve absolute perfection to win the jackpot, aired weekdays on BBC One. From 2013 to 2014, he presented the BBC National Lottery game show Break the Safe. In 2015, <mask> began presenting a new BBC One National Lottery game show 5-Star Family Reunion, which returned for a second series in 2016. In May 2016, <mask> presented Invictus: The Road to the Games, a one-off programme for the BBC. <mask> earned between £300,000 and £349,999 as a BBC presenter for the financial year 2016–2017.In 2018 he participated in the eighteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here!, finishing in sixth place, after being voted out on 6 December. In May 2021, it was reported that <mask> was holding talks with the BBC regarding his role as the main host of DIY SOS due to his appearance in a Shreddies TV advert which violated BBC's commercial agreements and guidelines. A week later, the BBC announced that they had resolved the issue and <mask> will return to his DIY SOS role with filming to resume in the coming months and is expected to be back on screens in 2022. During August-September 2021, <mask> will present the Channel 5 series <mask>' Big House Clearout. Film <mask> was a co-writer on the film Golden Years, which stars Simon Callow, Virginia McKenna and Una Stubbs. The film was released in the UK on 28 April 2016. Music He released his first and last music album, Every Kind Of People, on 3 November 2017.The album entered UK Albums Chart at No. 92. Personal life <mask> married his first wife in the 1990s. After separating from her, he lived with presenter Suzi Perry until September 2003, after meeting on set whilst shooting City Hospital for the BBC in 2000. He dated his second wife Jessica Rose Moor from 2009 and they married in September 2012. In November 2013, <mask> and his wife Jessica opened an antiques shop and home design consultancy in Eton, Berkshire. <mask> plays rugby.He has been a vegan for a number of years, and, in 2016, became involved with a Shrewsbury-based vegan restaurant called O'Joy. The restaurant closed in November 2017. <mask> has four children. His brother has a record company and his three sisters all became dancers. In 2018 <mask> was reported to be living in Spain. In June 2019, <mask> was issued with a six-month driving ban and fined £1,480 for speeding and using a mobile phone whilst driving. Speaking outside the court in Cheltenham, he said: "For me, this was a wake-up call, and putting my phone in the boot of my car now stops the temptation."<mask> has been a regular supporter of the children's anti-bullying charity Act Against Bullying. He sang "Addicted to Love" for Children in Need 2008. Filmography Television Film Discography Studio albums Singles Music videos References External links – official site 1962 births Living people English expatriates in Spain English game show hosts English television presenters I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series) participants People educated at The Skinners' School People from Southall Television personalities from London

<mask> was born in 1962, he is an English television presenter, writer and musical artist. He is best known for his presenting roles on the BBC, including game shows Break the Safe and 5-Star Family Reunion. The daytime series Real Rescues was co-presented by <mask>. Southall is where <mask> was born. At the age of 11, he moved to Mildenhall in Suffolk and went to St Louis Middle School. He attended the Skinners' School after a family move. He had a lot of dead-end jobs when he left school, such as labouring on building sites, working in a petrol station and selling shoes and carpets.He played in bands from the age of 14 and was constantly writing music, poetry and comedy, until he submitted a script to a programme that invited children to make a video. Before moving into presenting, she was a runner in television production. TVS lost its contract in 1992 and replaced it with a nightly news programme called Coast To Coast. He presented a show called Ridge Riders in the early 1990s. A celebrity and other guests rode classic motorcycles on off-road tracks around the UK. Historic and local information was given to the viewer as well as informal chats with the celebrity. A member of Channel 5's chat show 5's Company, <mask> appeared between 1997 and 1999.He has presented the factual show Real Rescues for the British Broadcasting Corporation since 2007. Since signing an exclusive contract with the BBC, <mask> has hosted a number of entertainment programmes. The programmes were presented with a wildlife theme. In 2007, he fronted Mission Africa, in which a team of volunteers built a game reserve. He dislocating his shoulder when he fell from a Land Rover. He was flown back to the UK for treatment. He reported on the plight of orangutans for an edition of Saving Planet Earth.In 2009, <mask> co-presented the series Wildest Dreams with James Honeyborne, in which novice candidates had to complete a set of challenging tasks filming wild animals in Africa. The winner joined the Natural History Unit. In order to win the lottery on the game show Perfection, the candidates must achieve absolute perfection. Break the Safe was presented by him on the National Lottery game show. 5-Star Family Reunion returned for a second series in 2016 after being 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 The Road to the Games was a one-off programme presented by <mask>. Between £300,000 and £349,999 was the amount of money that <mask> earned as a radio host.After being voted out of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, he finished in sixth place. In May 2021, it was reported that <mask> was in talks with thebbc about his role as the main host of domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary domiciliary A week later, the BBC announced that they had resolved the issue and that the actor would return to his role in the show in the coming months. The Channel 5 series will be called Big House Clearout. The film Golden Years was written and directed by <mask>. The film was released in the UK on April 28, 2016 His last music album, Every Kind of People, was released in November.The album entered the UK Albums Chart. 92. He married his first wife in the 1990s. After he separated from her, he lived with her until September 2003 when he met up with her on the set of City Hospital. He married Jessica Rose Moor in September 2012. In November of last year, <mask> and his wife opened an antiques shop. There is a person playing rugby.He became involved with a vegan restaurant called O'Joy in 2016 after being a vegan for a number of years. The restaurant closed its doors. There are four children with <mask>. His siblings became dancers and his brother has a record company. There was a report that <mask> was living in Spain. In June of last year, <mask> was banned from driving for six months and fined for speeding and using a mobile phone. He said that putting his phone in the boot of his car stopped the temptation.Charity has supported the children's anti-bully charity for a long time. He performed "Addicted to Love" for Children in Need. Links to official site 1962 births Living people English expatriates in Spain English game show hosts I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! The people educated at The Skinners' School are from London.

37294930

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satsuki%20Fujisawa

Satsuki Fujisawa

is a Japanese curler from Kitami, Hokkaido. As a skip, she has won the Japanese national championship six times. Fujisawa skipped the bronze medal-winning Japanese team at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games and the silver medal-winning team at the 2022 Winter Olympics. She is currently the skip of the Loco Solare curling team. Career Fujisawa's junior career began with a championship at the 2008 Pacific Junior Curling Championships over China's Sun Yue. This qualified her and her Japanese team for the 2008 World Junior Curling Championships, where they finished seventh with a 3–6 record. Fujisawa defended her Pacific Junior title by winning the 2009 Pacific Junior Curling Championships defeating China's Liu Jinli in the final. At the 2009 World Junior Curling Championships, she skipped Japan to a last place (10th) finish and a 2–7 record. In 2011, Fujisawa played in her first non-junior international event, skipping for Japan at the 2011 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. She placed fourth at the event, finishing with a 2–6 record. Fujisawa won her first World Curling Tour event in 2012 by winning the 2012 Shamrock Shotgun over the South Korean national team, skipped by Kim Eun-jung. Later that year, she skipped Japan to a silver medal at the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. Later in the season, she skipped the Japanese women's team to a seventh place finish at the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship. In September 2013, Fujisawa and her Karuizawa-based rink, who had won the last three straight national championships, participated in the national trials for the 2013 Olympic Qualification Event. They lost the best-of-seven final of the trials to Ayumi Ogasawara's Sapporo-based rink in six games, which eliminated their chances of competing at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. Fujisawa left the team and joined Mari Motohashi's rink as skip in May 2015, moving from Karuizawa back to Kitami, where she had grown up and played juniors until 2009. Half a year later, Fujisawa and her new team represented Japan at the 2015 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, where she led Japan to its first gold medal since 2005 by winning the final match against South Korea's Kim Ji-sun. Later that season, Fujisawa with third Chinami Yoshida, second Yumi Suzuki, lead Yurika Yoshida and alternate Mari Motohashi also competed for Japan at the 2016 World Women's Curling Championship in Swift Current, Canada. In the round-robin stage of the event, they finished second with a 9–2 record and advanced to the playoffs. They lost the 1 vs. 2 game to Binia Feltscher from Switzerland, and then rebounded with a semifinal win over Russia's Anna Sidorova to earn a berth into the gold medal match. There, Fujisawa's rink was defeated by the Swiss team again but secured silver, which was Japan's first-ever podium finish at a world championship. Fujisawa skipped the Japanese rink at the 2016 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. After posting a 6–1 round robin record, tied with China and South Korea, her team would lose to China's Wang Bingyu in the semifinal. This meant that she would not be able to defend her silver medal at the World Championships, as she had to make it to the finals to qualify Japan for the 2017 Worlds. Fujisawa began the 2017–18 season by winning the Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic. The team won the 2017 Japanese Olympic Curling Trials in September 2017, defeating the Chiaki Matsumura rink three games to one in a best-of-five series. The team then went on to win a silver medal at the 2017 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. After finishing in third after the double round robin with a record of 6–4, they upset China in the semifinal, before losing to Korea in the final. The next month, she won her second tour event of the season, the 2017 Karuizawa International Curling Championship. Fujisawa skipped the Japanese team that won the 2018 Olympics women curling bronze medal. Fujisawa again represented Japan at the 2018 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. She led her team to an undefeated 6–0 record in the round robin, but lost to the Koreans (skipped by Kim Min-ji in the final. The next month, she represented Japan in the second leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup in Omaha, United States, which her team would end up winning, this time defeating Kim and her South Korean rink in the final. Team Fujisawa began the 2019–20 season, at the 2019 Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic where they lost in the final to Jiang Yilun. Next they won the ADVICS Cup. They had two more playoff appearances at their next two events, the Booster Juice Shoot-Out and the 2019 Colonial Square Ladies Classic where they had semifinal and quarterfinal finishes respectively. Next, they had a semifinal finish at the 2019 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic. In Grand Slam play, they made the quarterfinals at the Masters and the semifinals of the Tour Challenge, National and Canadian Open. They had two more playoff appearances on tour at the Red Deer Curling Classic where they lost in the quarterfinals and the Karuizawa International where they lost the final to Anna Sidorova. For the first time in four seasons, Team Fujisawa won the Japan Curling Championships, defeating Seina Nakajima in the final. The team was set to represent Japan at the 2020 World Women's Curling Championship before the event got cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Japanese Championship would be their last event of the season as both the Players' Championship and the Champions Cup Grand Slam events were also cancelled due to the pandemic. Team Fujisawa played in no World Curling Tour events during the abbreviated 2020–21 season as there were no events held in Japan or Asia. The team would compete in their national championship, held from February 7–14, 2021 in Wakkanai, Hokkaido, as the defending champions. After an unblemished 6–0 round robin record, the team defeated Team Sayaka Yoshimura of Hokkaido Bank to advance to the final where they would once again face Yoshimura. Down one in the tenth, Team Yoshimura scored two points to win the national championship 7–6 over Team Fujisawa. This meant that once again, the team would not get to represent Japan at the World Championships. Team Fujisawa ended their season at the 2021 Champions Cup and 2021 Players' Championship Grand Slam events, which were played in a "curling bubble" in Calgary, Alberta, with no spectators, to avoid the spread of the coronavirus. The team had quarterfinal finishes at both events, losing out to Rachel Homan at the Champions Cup and Anna Hasselborg at the Players'. Mixed doubles After the 2018 Olympics, Fujisawa was awarded a wild-card spot in the 2018 Japan Mixed Doubles Curling Championship with fellow Olympian Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi. Despite having never teamed together and having very little mixed doubles experience overall, Fujisawa and Yamaguchi went undefeated to win the championship and the right to represent Japan at the 2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, where they would finish fifth overall. Fujisawa and Yamaguchi successfully defended their title in 2019, and represented Japan at the 2019 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship. There, they made it to the quarterfinal, where they lost to Australia. Personal life Fujisawa graduated from Hokkaido Kitami Hokuto High School in Kitami City in 2010. From then to early 2015, residing in Nagano Prefecture, she was employed as a curler and office worker for Chubu Electric Power, which has owned a competitive women's curling team based in Karuizawa, Nagano since 2009. Since returning to Kitami, she has been an employee of one of the local companies sponsoring her present team. She is currently an insurance agent. Grand Slam record Former events Teams Women's Mixed doubles References External links Team Loco Solare, Official site Japanese female curlers People from Kitami, Hokkaido 1991 births Living people Continental Cup of Curling participants Asian Games medalists in curling Curlers at the 2017 Asian Winter Games Medalists at the 2017 Asian Winter Games Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan Curlers at the 2018 Winter Olympics Olympic curlers of Japan Olympic silver medalists for Japan Olympic bronze medalists for Japan Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics Olympic medalists in curling Pacific-Asian curling champions Curlers at the 2022 Winter Olympics

is a Japanese curler from Kitami, Hokkaido. As a skip, she has won the Japanese national championship six times. Fujisawa skipped the bronze medal-winning Japanese team at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games and the silver medal-winning team at the 2022 Winter Olympics. She is currently the skip of the Loco Solare curling team. Career <mask>'s junior career began with a championship at the 2008 Pacific Junior Curling Championships over China's Sun Yue. This qualified her and her Japanese team for the 2008 World Junior Curling Championships, where they finished seventh with a 3–6 record. Fujisawa defended her Pacific Junior title by winning the 2009 Pacific Junior Curling Championships defeating China's Liu Jinli in the final.At the 2009 World Junior Curling Championships, she skipped Japan to a last place (10th) finish and a 2–7 record. In 2011, Fujisawa played in her first non-junior international event, skipping for Japan at the 2011 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. She placed fourth at the event, finishing with a 2–6 record. Fujisawa won her first World Curling Tour event in 2012 by winning the 2012 Shamrock Shotgun over the South Korean national team, skipped by Kim Eun-jung. Later that year, she skipped Japan to a silver medal at the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. Later in the season, she skipped the Japanese women's team to a seventh place finish at the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship. In September 2013, <mask> and her Karuizawa-based rink, who had won the last three straight national championships, participated in the national trials for the 2013 Olympic Qualification Event.They lost the best-of-seven final of the trials to Ayumi Ogasawara's Sapporo-based rink in six games, which eliminated their chances of competing at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. Fujisawa left the team and joined Mari Motohashi's rink as skip in May 2015, moving from Karuizawa back to Kitami, where she had grown up and played juniors until 2009. Half a year later, <mask> and her new team represented Japan at the 2015 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, where she led Japan to its first gold medal since 2005 by winning the final match against South Korea's Kim Ji-sun. Later that season, Fujisawa with third Chinami Yoshida, second Yumi Suzuki, lead Yurika Yoshida and alternate Mari Motohashi also competed for Japan at the 2016 World Women's Curling Championship in Swift Current, Canada. In the round-robin stage of the event, they finished second with a 9–2 record and advanced to the playoffs. They lost the 1 vs. 2 game to Binia Feltscher from Switzerland, and then rebounded with a semifinal win over Russia's Anna Sidorova to earn a berth into the gold medal match. There, Fujisawa's rink was defeated by the Swiss team again but secured silver, which was Japan's first-ever podium finish at a world championship.<mask> skipped the Japanese rink at the 2016 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. After posting a 6–1 round robin record, tied with China and South Korea, her team would lose to China's Wang Bingyu in the semifinal. This meant that she would not be able to defend her silver medal at the World Championships, as she had to make it to the finals to qualify Japan for the 2017 Worlds. <mask> began the 2017–18 season by winning the Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic. The team won the 2017 Japanese Olympic Curling Trials in September 2017, defeating the Chiaki Matsumura rink three games to one in a best-of-five series. The team then went on to win a silver medal at the 2017 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. After finishing in third after the double round robin with a record of 6–4, they upset China in the semifinal, before losing to Korea in the final.The next month, she won her second tour event of the season, the 2017 Karuizawa International Curling Championship. <mask> skipped the Japanese team that won the 2018 Olympics women curling bronze medal. <mask> again represented Japan at the 2018 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. She led her team to an undefeated 6–0 record in the round robin, but lost to the Koreans (skipped by Kim Min-ji in the final. The next month, she represented Japan in the second leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup in Omaha, United States, which her team would end up winning, this time defeating Kim and her South Korean rink in the final. Team Fujisawa began the 2019–20 season, at the 2019 Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic where they lost in the final to Jiang Yilun. Next they won the ADVICS Cup.They had two more playoff appearances at their next two events, the Booster Juice Shoot-Out and the 2019 Colonial Square Ladies Classic where they had semifinal and quarterfinal finishes respectively. Next, they had a semifinal finish at the 2019 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic. In Grand Slam play, they made the quarterfinals at the Masters and the semifinals of the Tour Challenge, National and Canadian Open. They had two more playoff appearances on tour at the Red Deer Curling Classic where they lost in the quarterfinals and the Karuizawa International where they lost the final to Anna Sidorova. For the first time in four seasons, Team Fujisawa won the Japan Curling Championships, defeating Seina Nakajima in the final. The team was set to represent Japan at the 2020 World Women's Curling Championship before the event got cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Japanese Championship would be their last event of the season as both the Players' Championship and the Champions Cup Grand Slam events were also cancelled due to the pandemic.Team Fujisawa played in no World Curling Tour events during the abbreviated 2020–21 season as there were no events held in Japan or Asia. The team would compete in their national championship, held from February 7–14, 2021 in Wakkanai, Hokkaido, as the defending champions. After an unblemished 6–0 round robin record, the team defeated Team Sayaka Yoshimura of Hokkaido Bank to advance to the final where they would once again face Yoshimura. Down one in the tenth, Team Yoshimura scored two points to win the national championship 7–6 over Team Fujisawa. This meant that once again, the team would not get to represent Japan at the World Championships. Team Fujisawa ended their season at the 2021 Champions Cup and 2021 Players' Championship Grand Slam events, which were played in a "curling bubble" in Calgary, Alberta, with no spectators, to avoid the spread of the coronavirus. The team had quarterfinal finishes at both events, losing out to Rachel Homan at the Champions Cup and Anna Hasselborg at the Players'.Mixed doubles After the 2018 Olympics, <mask> was awarded a wild-card spot in the 2018 Japan Mixed Doubles Curling Championship with fellow Olympian Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi. Despite having never teamed together and having very little mixed doubles experience overall, <mask> and Yamaguchi went undefeated to win the championship and the right to represent Japan at the 2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, where they would finish fifth overall. <mask> and Yamaguchi successfully defended their title in 2019, and represented Japan at the 2019 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship. There, they made it to the quarterfinal, where they lost to Australia. Personal life Fujisawa graduated from Hokkaido Kitami Hokuto High School in Kitami City in 2010. From then to early 2015, residing in Nagano Prefecture, she was employed as a curler and office worker for Chubu Electric Power, which has owned a competitive women's curling team based in Karuizawa, Nagano since 2009. Since returning to Kitami, she has been an employee of one of the local companies sponsoring her present team.She is currently an insurance agent. Grand Slam record Former events Teams Women's Mixed doubles References External links Team Loco Solare, Official site Japanese female curlers People from Kitami, Hokkaido 1991 births Living people Continental Cup of Curling participants Asian Games medalists in curling Curlers at the 2017 Asian Winter Games Medalists at the 2017 Asian Winter Games Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan Curlers at the 2018 Winter Olympics Olympic curlers of Japan Olympic silver medalists for Japan Olympic bronze medalists for Japan Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics Olympic medalists in curling Pacific-Asian curling champions Curlers at the 2022 Winter Olympics

He is from Kitami, Hokkaido. She has won the Japanese national championship six times. The Japanese team won a bronze medal at the Winter Olympic Games and a silver medal at the Winter Olympics. She is a member of the curling team. Fujisawa's junior career began with a championship at the 2008 Pacific Junior Curling Championships. The Japanese team finished seventh at the 2008 World Junior Curling Championships with a 3–6 record. In the final of the Pacific Junior Curling Championships, Fujisawa defeated China's Liu Jinli.She skipped Japan to a last place finish at the World Junior Curling Championships in 2009. Fujisawa was a skip for Japan at the Pacific-Asia Curling Championships in 2011. She finished fourth at the event with a 2–6 record. Fujisawa won her first World Curling Tour event in 2012 when she won the Shamrock Shotgun over the South Korean national team. She skipped Japan to a silver medal at the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. She skipped the Japanese women's team to a seventh place finish at the World Women's Curling Championship. In September of last year, <mask> and her Karuizawa-based rink participated in the national trials for the Olympic qualification event.Their chances of competing at the Winter Olympic Games were eliminated when they lost the best-of-seven final of the trials. In May 2015, Fujisawa moved from Karuizawa to Kitami to join Mari Motohashi's rink. At the 2015 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, Fujisawa led Japan to its first gold medal since 2005 by defeating South Korea's Kim Ji-sun in the final. At the 2016 World Women's Curling Championship in Swift Current, Canada, Fujisawa with third Chinami Yoshida, second Yumi Suzuki, lead Yurika Yoshida and alternate Mari Motohashi competed for Japan. They finished second with a 9–2 record and advanced to the playoffs. They lost the 1 vs. 2 game to Binia Feltscher from Switzerland, but rebounded with a semifinal win over Russia's Anna Sidorova to earn a spot in the gold medal match. Japan's first-ever podium finish at a world championship was achieved by <mask>'s rink, which was defeated by the Swiss team again.At the 2016 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, <mask> skipped the Japanese rink. Her team lost to Wang Bingyu of China in the semifinals after tying China and South Korea. She would not be able to defend her silver medal at the World Championships as she had to make it to the finals to qualify for the Worlds. The Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic was won by <mask>. The Chiaki Matsumura rink lost three games to one in a best-of-five series to the team that won the Japanese Olympic Curling Trials. The team won a silver medal at the Pacific- Asia Curling Championships. They lost to Korea in the final after upsetting China in the semifinals.She won her second tour event of the season at the Karuizawa International Curling Championship. The Japanese women's curling team won a bronze medal at the Olympics. At the Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, <mask> again represented Japan. She led her team to a perfect 6–0 record, but lost to the Koreans in the final. She represented Japan in the second leg of the Curling World Cup in Omaha, United States, which her team won, defeating Kim and her South Korean rink in the final. Team Fujisawa lost in the final of the Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic to Jiang Yilun. They won the ADVICS Cup.They had two more appearances in the playoffs at the Booster Juice Shoot-out and the Colonial Square Ladies Classic. They had a semifinal finish at the Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic. They made the semifinals of the Tour Challenge, National and Canadian Open in Grand Slam play. They lost in the quarterfinals at the Red Deer Curling Classic and in the final at the Karuizawa International. Team Fujisawa won the Japan Curling Championships for the first time in four years. The team was supposed to represent Japan at the World Women's Curling Championship in 2020 but the event was canceled due to the disease. The Japanese Championship was the last event of the season as the Players' Championship and the Grand Slam events were also canceled due to the swine flu.There were no World Curling Tour events held in Japan or Asia during the abbreviated 2020–21 season. The national championship would be held in Wakkanai, Hokkaido, in February of 2021. The team advanced to the final after defeating Team Sayaka Yoshimura of Hokkaido Bank. Team Fujisawa scored two points in the tenth to win the national championship. The team wouldn't get to represent Japan at the World Championships again. In order to avoid the spread of the coronaviruses, Team Fujisawa ended their season in a "curling bubble" in Canada. The team lost out to Rachel Homan in the quarterfinals at the Players' Cup.Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi and <mask> were awarded a wild-card spot in the Japan Mixed Doubles Curling Championship. <mask> and Yamaguchi won the championship and the right to represent Japan at the World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, despite having very little mixed doubles experience. They successfully defended their title at the World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship. They lost to Australia in the quarterfinals. In 2010 <mask> graduated from Kitami City's Hokkaido Kitami Hokuto High School. She was employed as a curler and office worker for Chubu Electric Power, which has owned a competitive women's curling team in Karuizawa, Nagano, since 2009. She is an employee of a local company that sponsors her team.She works as an insurance agent. The record for Grand Slam events is held by the teams Women's Mixed doubles.

2798927

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spank%20Rock

Spank Rock

Naeem Juwan, better known by his stage name Spank Rock, is an American rapper and songwriter from Baltimore. He rose to fame with his 2006 album YoYoYoYoYo, which was produced by former group member Alex Epton (XXXChange). A harbinger of post-millennial alternative rap, the duo became known for its mixing of disparate hip hop and club genres, including Baltimore club, Miami bass, electro music and rock. In 2007, Epton left the group to pursue his own production while Juwan went on to release the Bangers & Cash EP (2007) with pop producer Benny Blanco. After a five-year contract struggle with his label Downtown Records, Juwan released his sophomore album, Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fucking Liar, with a range of producers including Boys Noize, Le1f, XXXChange, and Squeak E. Clean. Biography Juwan grew up in West Baltimore in a row home alongside five sisters and two brothers. As a teenager, Juwan frequented clubs such as Paradox, where DJs played Baltimore club music. In high school, his older sister introduced him to Brooklyn-based producer J. Period, known for producing records by underground rappers Mos Def and Artifacts. J. Period mentored Juwan and helped him improve his skills as a rapper for some time. After moving to Philadelphia and dropping out of college, Juwan met fellow Baltimore native Alex Epton, who had studied composition at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston and learned studio production as an intern at the DFA Records studio in New York. Juwan and Epton started performing under the name Spank Rock together in Philadelphia and Phoenixville, where their reputation quickly increased. They later toured with Hollertronix and M.I.A. They also toured with Beck in 2006. Spank Rock's debut studio album, YoYoYoYoYo, was released in 2006 on the Big Dada record label. It was nominated for the 2006 Shortlist Music Prize. In 2007, Alex Epton (XXXChange) left Spank Rock to pursue his own production while Naeem Juwan signed a deal with Downtown Records. Spank Rock's first Downtown Records release came in the form of fall 2007's Bangers & Cash EP, a 2 Live Crew-inspired collaborative EP with Benny Blanco. In 2010, MC Spank Rock was featured along with The View's Kyle Falconer on "The Bike Song" by Mark Ronson, which featured on Ronson's 2010 album Record Collection. He was also the touring rapper on the album's 2010 UK tour. In 2011, Spank Rock released his second studio album, Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fucking Liar, on his own label, Bad Blood Records. Pitchfork premiered the first single from the album, titled "Energy," produced by Boys Noize, and later selected the single "Nasty" as Best New Track. Rolling Stone premiered the album in September 2011 on their website. The album featured production from Boys Noize, XXXChange, Sam Spiegel, and Le1f, as well as appearances by Santigold and Big Freedia. After the release of his album, Spank Rock was one of the faces of Alexander Wang's 2011 T collection, along with Santigold. In 2012, Spank Rock released a second EP, E. I. B. A. E. I. A. F. L. Remixes, a collection of various producers' remixes of tracks from his second LP. In 2012, Naeem Juwan co-wrote the Boys Noize-produced track "Look at These Hoes" from Santigold's album Master of My Make-Believe. In 2014, Spank Rock released his third EP, The Upside, on Bad Blood Records and Boysnoize Records, with production contributions from Kid Kamillion, Boys Noize, and Damian Taylor. The EP premiered on December 9, 2014 following a premiere stream of the entire EP on Dazed & Confused. Lead single "Gully" was remixed by Brodinski and Switch, and has received extensive play on BBC Radio 1. In 2016, Spank Rock began appearing in concerts as MC with Australian electronic music group The Avalanches. His first appearance was at a Splendour in the Grass lead-up event at The Northern Hotel in Byron Bay on July 21, 2016, followed by their featured performance at Splendour in the Grass on July 22. He subsequently appeared in featured performances at Coachella and Vivid Sydney in 2017, as well as the group's headline tours in 2017 and 2018. Under the Naeem moniker, Juwan released his solo studio album, Startisha, in 2020. It features contributions from Justin Vernon, Francis and the Lights, Ryan Olson, Swamp Dogg, Velvet Negroni, Amanda Blank, and Micah James. Discography Studio albums YoYoYoYoYo (2006) Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fucking Liar (2011) Startisha (2020) Mixtapes Couche Tard (2006) DJ mixes FabricLive.33 (2007) EPs Bangers & Cash (2007) E. I. B. A. E. I. A. F. L. Remixes (2012) The Upside (2014) Singles "Put That Pussy on Me" (2005) "Rick Rubin" (2006) "Sweet Talk" (2006) "Bump" (2006) "Energy" (2011) "Car Song" (2011) "I Know a Place" (2014) "Gully" / "Vertigo" (2014) "Gully (Brodinski Remix)" (2014) "Assassin" / "Back Up" (2014) Guest appearances DJ Kentaro - "Free" from Enter (2007) Justice - "D.A.N.C.E. (Remix)" (2007) Shy Child - "Kick Drum" from Noise Won't Stop (2007) Feadz - "Back It Up" from Ed Rec Vol. 3 (2008) The Chemical Brothers - "Keep My Composure" from Brotherhood (2008) Kylie Minogue - "Heart Beat Rock" (Benny Blanco Mix featuring Spank Rock) from X (2008) Santogold - "Shove It" from Santogold (2008) Neon Neon - "Trick or Treat" from Stainless Style (2008) Japanther - "Radical Businessman" from Tut Tut, Now Shake Ya Butt (2008) Deekline & Wizard - "Roll That Shit" from Booty Breaks Vol. 3 (2008) Steve Aoki - "We Are Rockstars" from Pillowface and His Airplane Chronicles (2008) Heartsrevolution - "Ultraviolence (Remix)" (2009) N.A.S.A. - "Wachadoin" from The Spirit of Apollo (2009) Ninjasonik - "My Eyes" from Darth Baño (2009) Staygold - "Backseat" (2010) Crookers - "Park the Truck" from Tons of Friends (2010) Mark Ronson - "The Bike Song" from Record Collection (2010) Rebecca & Fiona - "Church Is on Fire" from I Love You, Man! (2011) The Death Set - "7PM Woke Up an Hour Ago" from Michel Poiccard (2011) Addison Groove - "Bad Things" from Transistor Rhythm (2012) Le1f - "Star Alliance" (2013) Cakes da Killa - "I Run This Club (Remix)" (2014) Trippy Turtle - "Trippy's Theme (TWRK Remix)" (2014) Boys Noize - "Birthday" from Mayday (2016) Nick Hook - "Another Way" from Relationships (2016) Compilation appearances "Hoodie (Spank Rock Remix)" on Chocolate Swim (2006) References External links Spank Rock (archive) at Boysnoize Records Living people Year of birth missing (living people) African-American male rappers Rappers from Philadelphia Rappers from Baltimore East Coast hip hop musicians Downtown Records artists Big Dada artists 21st-century African-American people

Naeem Juwan, better known by his stage name Spank <mask>, is an American rapper and songwriter from Baltimore. He rose to fame with his 2006 album YoYoYoYoYo, which was produced by former group member Alex Epton (XXXChange). A harbinger of post-millennial alternative rap, the duo became known for its mixing of disparate hip hop and club genres, including Baltimore club, Miami bass, electro music and rock. In 2007, Epton left the group to pursue his own production while Juwan went on to release the Bangers & Cash EP (2007) with pop producer Benny Blanco. After a five-year contract struggle with his label Downtown Records, Juwan released his sophomore album, Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fucking Liar, with a range of producers including Boys Noize, Le1f, XXXChange, and Squeak E. Clean. Biography Juwan grew up in West Baltimore in a row home alongside five sisters and two brothers. As a teenager, Juwan frequented clubs such as Paradox, where DJs played Baltimore club music.In high school, his older sister introduced him to Brooklyn-based producer J. Period, known for producing records by underground rappers Mos Def and Artifacts. J. Period mentored Juwan and helped him improve his skills as a rapper for some time. After moving to Philadelphia and dropping out of college, Juwan met fellow Baltimore native Alex Epton, who had studied composition at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston and learned studio production as an intern at the DFA Records studio in New York. Juwan and Epton started performing under the name Spank Rock together in Philadelphia and Phoenixville, where their reputation quickly increased. They later toured with Hollertronix and M.I.A.They also toured with Beck in 2006. Spank Rock's debut studio album, YoYoYoYoYo, was released in 2006 on the Big Dada record label. It was nominated for the 2006 Shortlist Music Prize. In 2007, Alex Epton (XXXChange) left Spank Rock to pursue his own production while Naeem Juwan signed a deal with Downtown Records. Spank Rock's first Downtown Records release came in the form of fall 2007's Bangers & Cash EP, a 2 Live Crew-inspired collaborative EP with Benny Blanco. In 2010, MC Spank <mask> was featured along with The View's Kyle Falconer on "The Bike Song" by Mark Ronson, which featured on Ronson's 2010 album Record Collection. He was also the touring rapper on the album's 2010 UK tour.In 2011, <mask> <mask> released his second studio album, Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fucking Liar, on his own label, Bad Blood Records. Pitchfork premiered the first single from the album, titled "Energy," produced by Boys Noize, and later selected the single "Nasty" as Best New Track. Rolling Stone premiered the album in September 2011 on their website. The album featured production from Boys Noize, XXXChange, Sam Spiegel, and Le1f, as well as appearances by Santigold and Big Freedia. After the release of his album, <mask> <mask> was one of the faces of Alexander Wang's 2011 T collection, along with Santigold. In 2012, Spank <mask> released a second EP, E. I. B.A. E. I. A. F. L. Remixes, a collection of various producers' remixes of tracks from his second LP. In 2012, Naeem Juwan co-wrote the Boys Noize-produced track "Look at These Hoes" from Santigold's album Master of My Make-Believe. In 2014, <mask> <mask> released his third EP, The Upside, on Bad Blood Records and Boysnoize Records, with production contributions from Kid Kamillion, Boys Noize, and Damian Taylor. The EP premiered on December 9, 2014 following a premiere stream of the entire EP on Dazed & Confused. Lead single "Gully" was remixed by Brodinski and Switch, and has received extensive play on BBC Radio 1. In 2016, Spank <mask> began appearing in concerts as MC with Australian electronic music group The Avalanches.His first appearance was at a Splendour in the Grass lead-up event at The Northern Hotel in Byron Bay on July 21, 2016, followed by their featured performance at Splendour in the Grass on July 22. He subsequently appeared in featured performances at Coachella and Vivid Sydney in 2017, as well as the group's headline tours in 2017 and 2018. Under the Naeem moniker, Juwan released his solo studio album, Startisha, in 2020. It features contributions from Justin Vernon, Francis and the Lights, Ryan Olson, Swamp Dogg, Velvet Negroni, Amanda Blank, and Micah James. Discography Studio albums YoYoYoYoYo (2006) Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fucking Liar (2011) Startisha (2020) Mixtapes Couche Tard (2006) DJ mixes FabricLive.33 (2007) EPs Bangers & Cash (2007) E. I. B. A. E. I.A. F. L. Remixes (2012) The Upside (2014) Singles "Put That Pussy on Me" (2005) "Rick Rubin" (2006) "Sweet Talk" (2006) "Bump" (2006) "Energy" (2011) "Car Song" (2011) "I Know a Place" (2014) "Gully" / "Vertigo" (2014) "Gully (Brodinski Remix)" (2014) "Assassin" / "Back Up" (2014) Guest appearances DJ Kentaro - "Free" from Enter (2007) Justice - "D.A.N.C.E. (Remix)" (2007) Shy Child - "Kick Drum" from Noise Won't Stop (2007) Feadz - "Back It Up" from Ed Rec Vol. 3 (2008) The Chemical Brothers - "Keep My Composure" from Brotherhood (2008) Kylie Minogue - "Heart Beat Rock" (Benny Blanco Mix featuring Spank Rock) from X (2008) Santogold - "Shove It" from Santogold (2008) Neon Neon - "Trick or Treat" from Stainless Style (2008) Japanther - "Radical Businessman" from Tut Tut, Now Shake Ya Butt (2008) Deekline & Wizard - "Roll That Shit" from Booty Breaks Vol. 3 (2008) Steve Aoki - "We Are Rockstars" from Pillowface and His Airplane Chronicles (2008) Heartsrevolution - "Ultraviolence (Remix)" (2009) N.A.S.A. - "Wachadoin" from The Spirit of Apollo (2009) Ninjasonik - "My Eyes" from Darth Baño (2009) Staygold - "Backseat" (2010) Crookers - "Park the Truck" from Tons of Friends (2010) Mark Ronson - "The Bike Song" from Record Collection (2010) Rebecca & Fiona - "Church Is on Fire" from I Love You, Man! (2011) The Death Set - "7PM Woke Up an Hour Ago" from Michel Poiccard (2011) Addison Groove - "Bad Things" from Transistor Rhythm (2012) Le1f - "Star Alliance" (2013) Cakes da Killa - "I Run This Club (Remix)" (2014) Trippy Turtle - "Trippy's Theme (TWRK Remix)" (2014) Boys Noize - "Birthday" from Mayday (2016) Nick Hook - "Another Way" from Relationships (2016) Compilation appearances "Hoodie (Spank Rock Remix)" on Chocolate Swim (2006) References External links Spank Rock (archive) at Boysnoize Records Living people Year of birth missing (living people) African-American male rappers Rappers from Philadelphia Rappers from Baltimore East Coast hip hop musicians Downtown Records artists Big Dada artists 21st-century African-American people

Naeem Juwan, better known by his stage name Spank <mask>, is an American rapper. He rose to fame with his 2006 album, which was produced by Alex Epton. A progenitor of post-millennial alternative rap, the duo became known for its mixing of disparate hip hop and club genres. In 2007, Epton left the group to pursue his own production while Juwan went on to release a song with a pop producer. Juwan's sophomore album, Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fuck Liar, was released after a five-year contract struggle with his label Downtown Records. In West Baltimore, Juwan grew up in a row home with five sisters and two brothers. DJs played Baltimore club music when Juwan was a teenager.He was introduced to Brooklyn-based producer J by his older sister. Period is known for producing records by underground rappers. J. Period helped Juwan improve his skills as a rapper. After moving to Philadelphia and dropping out of college, Juwan met fellow Baltimore native Alex Epton, who had studied composition at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston and learned studio production as an intern at the DFA Records studio in New York. Their reputation quickly increased after they started performing under the name Spank Rock. They toured with M.I.A.In 2006 they toured with Beck. The studio album by Spank Rock was released in 2006 on the Big Dada record label. It was nominated for a prize. Alex Epton left Spank Rock to pursue his own production while Naeem Juwan signed a deal with Downtown Records. The first release from Downtown Records was the fall of 2007. Mark Ronson's 2010 album Record Collection featured a song called "The Bike Song" with Kyle Falconer and MC Spank <mask>. He was on the UK tour of the album.On his own label, Bad Blood Records, <mask> <mask> released his second studio album, Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fuck Liar. "Energy," produced by Boys Noize, was the first single from the album, and later it was selected as the best new track. The album was released on Rolling Stone's website. The album featured production from Boys Noize, XXXChange, Sam Spiegel, and Le1f, as well as appearances by Santigold and Big Freedia. After the release of his album, Spank <mask> was one of the faces of Alexander Wang's collection. In 2012 Spank Rock released E. I. B.A. E. I. A. F. L. has a collection of producers' remixes of his tracks. The Boys Noize-produced track "Look at These Hoes" was co-written by Naeem Juwan. The Upside was produced by Kid Kamillion, Boys Noize, and Damian Taylor, and was released on Bad Blood Records and Boysnoize Records. There was a stream of the entire EP on Dazed & Confused. The lead single "Gully" has received extensive play on the radio. In 2016 Spank <mask> became the MC for Australian electronic music group The Avalanches.His first appearance was at a pre-Splendour in the Grass event at The Northern Hotel in Byron Bay on July 21, 2016 followed by their performance at the festival on July 22. He appeared in featured performances at the group's headline tours in the past two years. Juwan's solo studio album, Startisha, was released in 2020. It features contributions from a number of people. Everything Is Boring and Everyone Is a Fuck Liar is a studio album. B. A. E. I."Rick Rubin", "Sweet Talk", "Energy", "Car Song", "I Know a Place", and "Gully" are some of the songs that were reworked by A. F. L. Shy Child - "Kick Drum" from Noise Won't Stop. The Chemical Brothers - "Keep My Composure" from Brotherhood. Steve Aoki's Pillowface and His Airplane Chronicles include "We Are Rockstars" and "Ultraviolence (Remix)". "My Eyes" is from Darth Bao and "Wachadoin" is from The Spirit of Apollo. The Death Set - "7PM Woke Up an Hour Ago" fromMichel Poiccard.

40933347

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Zucker

Alfred Zucker

Alfred J. R. E. Zucker (January 23, 1852 – August 2, 1913) was a German-American architect, who worked in Galveston, Texas, Mississippi, New York City, and Buenos Aires. Alfred Zucker was born on January 23, 1852, in the town of Freiburg, Silesia, Prussia (since 1945 Świebodzice, Poland). He was educated at the Hannover Polytechnische Schule and the Bauakademie. He worked briefly for the government before immigrating to the United States in 1872, arriving at New York. From 1873 to 1876 he worked in the Office of the Supervising Architect, in Washington, D.C. In 1877, Zucker relocated to the coastal city of Galveston. There, he became the partner of John Moser (1832-1904), an architect who moved there from Toledo, Ohio. Zucker married Moser's daughter, Augusta ("Gussie") Emilia Moser. She died in 1878 in the yellow fever epidemic in Vicksburg, Mississippi, just three months after their marriage. Zucker had left to establish a branch office of the firm in Vicksburg. The partnership lasted until 1880, when Moser relocated to Atlanta. By virtue of the firm's design for the Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College at Starkville, Zucker was appointed State Architect of Mississippi. Due to his poor health, Zucker resigned from his position in 1882 and returned to Europe. The following year, he returned to New York and found work in the office of noted architect Henry Fernbach. Upon Fernbach's death that same year, Zucker founded the firm of Alfred Zucker & Company, with John R. Hinchman as his partner. This association lasted until 1889, after which both Zucker and Hinchman practiced alone. From 1891 to 1893 Zucker employed John H. Edelmann as a designer in his office. Edelmann is known to have designed full buildings for Zucker, most prominently the Decker Building. Edelmann left after 1893, but his work inspired Zucker's later designs until at least 1901. After 1896, there was less and less work in Zucker's office. As a cost-saving measure, in 1897 he made several employees partners in the firm. These former employees received a fraction of the payments from each design executed, relieving Zucker of the worries of regular wages. Near the end of his American career, Zucker was associated with J. Riely Gordon, a noted architect of public buildings. Gordon was the probable designer of Zucker's Wilkinson County Courthouse in Woodville, Mississippi, which follows Gordon's standard plan. It was his association with Gordon that ended Zucker's American career. In 1904 he fled with his family to Buenos Aires. His goal was to avoid a "$100,000 suit filed by Gordon, who alleged fraud and misrepresentation". He would have a successful practice in Buenos Aires, dying there in 1913. He would remarry, to Jennie Nace Brooke (1861-1959). He is buried in the Cementerio de la Chacarita, in the British section. Works Clara Lang Building, 2109 Strand St., Galveston, Texas (1877) – originally four stories, but the upper two were destroyed in the Hurricane of 1900 Galveston Cotton Exchange Building, 2102 Mechanic St., Galveston, Texas (1878) – demolished in 1940 Herman Marwitz & Co. Building, 306 22nd St., Galveston, Texas (1878) Old Main, Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, Starkville, Mississippi (1879–80) – burned in 1959 Mississippi Institute for the Blind, 605 E. Fortification St., Jackson, Mississippi (1881) – demolished East Mississippi State Insane Asylum, 4555 Highland Park Dr., Meridian, Mississippi (1882–84) – Extant but wholly remodeled. 241 West Broadway, New York, New York (1884) Cohnfeld Building, 106 Bleecker St., New York, New York (1884) – burned in 1891 433 Broadway, New York, New York (1885) – demolished 1029 6th Ave., New York, New York (1885) – demolished Ehrich Brothers Store, 695 6th Ave., New York, New York (1886) St. Patrick R. C. Church, 2614 Davis St., Meridian, MS (1886) Carrie Hornthal House, 4 E. 78th St., New York, New York (1887) Progress Club, 820 5th Ave., New York, New York (1888) – demolished St. Francis of Assisi R. C. Church, 227 E. Cherokee St., Brookhaven, Mississippi (1888) Rouss Building, 555 Broadway, New York, New York (1889) 3-5 Washington Pl., New York, New York (1890) – owned by New York University 484 Broome St., New York, New York (1890) 716 Broadway, New York, New York (1890) 12 Waverly Pl., New York, New York (1891–93) 36 E. 12th St., New York, New York (1891) 246 Greene St., New York, New York (1891) 411 Lafayette St., New York, New York (1891) Geraldine Building, 7 E. 16th St., New York, New York (1891) Hotel Majestic, 115 Central Park West, New York, New York (1891) – demolished 28-30 Waverly Pl., New York, New York (1892) – originally 8 stories; now taller and integrated into the University Building 494 Broome St., New York, New York (1892) Decker Building, 33 Union Square West, New York, New York (1892–93) – designed by Edelmann; Zucker moved the firm's offices here from the Lincoln Building New Era Building, 495 Broadway, New York, New York (1892) 256 5th Ave., New York, New York (1893) – designed by Edelmann Corndiac Building, 139 5th Ave., New York, New York (1893) 450 Broome St., New York, New York (1894) 458 Broadway, New York, New York (1894) The Bolkenhayn, 761-763 5th Ave., New York, New York (1894) – demolished Hoffman House Annex, 1115 Broadway, New York, New York (1894) – demolished University Building, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York (1894) – Zucker moved his offices here in 1900 13 University Pl., New York, NY (1895–96) Baudouine Building, 1181 Broadway, New York, New York (1895–96) 50 W. 4th St., New York, New York (1896) Piazza & Botto Building, 1321 Washington St., Vicksburg, Mississippi (1898) – demolished Harlem Casino, 2081 Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Blvd., New York, New York (1899) – altered beyond recognition B. S. Ricks Memorial Library, 310 N. Main St., Yazoo City, Mississippi (1900–01) The Langdon, 157 W. 124th St., New York, New York (1901) – used for storage since at least 1914 285 Mercer St., New York, New York (1902) Wilkinson County Courthouse, 525 Main St., Woodville, Mississippi (1902) Hotel Plaza, Florida 1005, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1905–09) Edificio Villalonga, Balcarce & Moreno, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1908) – demolished Avenida Palace Hotel, Hipólito Yrigoyen 442, Buenos Aires, Argentina (c.1911) – demolished Pedestal of the Monumento George Washington, Palermo Park, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1912–13) Edificio del Banco Germánico, Reconquista 29, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1913) – demolished Further reading Alfred Zucker: An Inventory of his Drawings, 1880-1904 University of Texas Library Mary Kathryn Stroh The Commercial Architecture of Alfred Zucker in Manhattan Master's thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1973. Alfred Zucker Architectural Sketches Photographed from Designs for Buildings and from Buildings Erected by Alfred Zucker, Architect. New York: National Chemograph, 1894. References 1852 births 1913 deaths People from Świebodzice People from the Province of Silesia 19th-century German architects 19th-century American architects German emigrants to the United States Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery

<mask>. R. E<mask> (January 23, 1852 – August 2, 1913) was a German-American architect, who worked in Galveston, Texas, Mississippi, New York City, and Buenos Aires. <mask> was born on January 23, 1852, in the town of Freiburg, Silesia, Prussia (since 1945 Świebodzice, Poland). He was educated at the Hannover Polytechnische Schule and the Bauakademie. He worked briefly for the government before immigrating to the United States in 1872, arriving at New York. From 1873 to 1876 he worked in the Office of the Supervising Architect, in Washington, D.C. In 1877, <mask> relocated to the coastal city of Galveston. There, he became the partner of John Moser (1832-1904), an architect who moved there from Toledo, Ohio.<mask> married Moser's daughter, Augusta ("Gussie") Emilia Moser. She died in 1878 in the yellow fever epidemic in Vicksburg, Mississippi, just three months after their marriage. <mask> had left to establish a branch office of the firm in Vicksburg. The partnership lasted until 1880, when Moser relocated to Atlanta. By virtue of the firm's design for the Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College at Starkville, <mask> was appointed State Architect of Mississippi. Due to his poor health, <mask> resigned from his position in 1882 and returned to Europe. The following year, he returned to New York and found work in the office of noted architect Henry Fernbach.Upon Fernbach's death that same year, <mask> founded the firm of Alfred Zucker & Company, with John R. Hinchman as his partner. This association lasted until 1889, after which both <mask> and Hinchman practiced alone. From 1891 to 1893 Zucker employed John H. Edelmann as a designer in his office. Edelmann is known to have designed full buildings for Zucker, most prominently the Decker Building. Edelmann left after 1893, but his work inspired <mask>'s later designs until at least 1901. After 1896, there was less and less work in <mask>'s office. As a cost-saving measure, in 1897 he made several employees partners in the firm.These former employees received a fraction of the payments from each design executed, relieving Zucker of the worries of regular wages. Near the end of his American career, Zucker was associated with J. Riely Gordon, a noted architect of public buildings. Gordon was the probable designer of <mask>'s Wilkinson County Courthouse in Woodville, Mississippi, which follows Gordon's standard plan. It was his association with Gordon that ended Zucker's American career. In 1904 he fled with his family to Buenos Aires. His goal was to avoid a "$100,000 suit filed by Gordon, who alleged fraud and misrepresentation". He would have a successful practice in Buenos Aires, dying there in 1913.He would remarry, to Jennie Nace Brooke (1861-1959). He is buried in the Cementerio de la Chacarita, in the British section. Works Clara Lang Building, 2109 Strand St., Galveston, Texas (1877) – originally four stories, but the upper two were destroyed in the Hurricane of 1900 Galveston Cotton Exchange Building, 2102 Mechanic St., Galveston, Texas (1878) – demolished in 1940 Herman Marwitz & Co. Building, 306 22nd St., Galveston, Texas (1878) Old Main, Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, Starkville, Mississippi (1879–80) – burned in 1959 Mississippi Institute for the Blind, 605 E. Fortification St., Jackson, Mississippi (1881) – demolished East Mississippi State Insane Asylum, 4555 Highland Park Dr., Meridian, Mississippi (1882–84) – Extant but wholly remodeled. Blvd., New York, New York (1899) – altered beyond recognition B. S. Ricks Memorial Library, 310 N. Main St., Yazoo City, Mississippi (1900–01) The Langdon, 157 W. 124th St., New York, New York (1901) – used for storage since at least 1914 285 Mercer St., New York, New York (1902) Wilkinson County Courthouse, 525 Main St., Woodville, Mississippi (1902) Hotel Plaza, Florida 1005, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1905–09) Edificio Villalonga, Balcarce & Moreno, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1908) – demolished Avenida Palace Hotel, Hipólito Yrigoyen 442, Buenos Aires, Argentina (c.1911) – demolished Pedestal of the Monumento George Washington, Palermo Park, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1912–13) Edificio del Banco Germánico, Reconquista 29, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1913) – demolished Further reading Alfred Zucker: An Inventory of his Drawings, 1880-1904 University of Texas Library Mary Kathryn Stroh The Commercial Architecture of Alfred Zucker in Manhattan Master's thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1973. Alfred Zucker Architectural Sketches Photographed from Designs for Buildings and from Buildings Erected by Alfred Zucker, Architect. New York: National Chemograph, 1894. References 1852 births 1913 deaths People from Świebodzice People from the Province of Silesia 19th-century German architects 19th-century American architects German emigrants to the United States Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery

<mask>. R. E<mask> was an architect who worked in Texas, Mississippi, New York City, and Argentina. <mask> was born on January 23, 1852, in the town of Freiburg, Silesia, Prussia. He received his education at the Bauakademie. He arrived in New York in 1872 after working for the government for a short time. He worked in the Office of the Supervising Architect in Washington, D.C. from 1873 to 1876. <mask> moved to the coastal city of Galveston in the 19th century. He became the partner of John Moser, an architect who moved there from Toledo, Ohio.<mask> was married to Augusta "Gussie" Moser. Three months after their marriage, she died of yellow fever in Vicksburg, Mississippi. <mask> left to open a branch office in Vicksburg. When Moser moved to Atlanta, the partnership ended. <mask> was appointed State Architect of Mississippi because of the firm's design for the Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College at Starkville. <mask> returned to Europe due to his poor health after he resigned from his position. After returning to New York, he found work in the office of a noted architect.<mask> founded the firm of Alfred Zucker & Company after Fernbach's death. Zucker and Hinchman practiced alone after the association ended in 1889. Zucker had a designer in his office. The Decker Building is one of the full buildings designed for <mask>. <mask>'s designs were inspired by Edelmann's work until at least 1901. <mask>'s office had less and less work after 1896. He made several employees partners in the firm as a cost-saving measure.Zucker was relieved of the worries of regular wages when the former employees received a fraction of the payments. Zucker was associated with J. Riely Gordon, an architect of public buildings. Gordon's standard plan was used for Zucker's Wilkinson County Courthouse in Woodville, Mississippi. <mask>'s American career ended because of his association with Gordon. He fled with his family in 1904. He wanted to avoid a $100,000 suit filed by Gordon, who alleged fraud and misrepresentation. He died in Buenos Aires in 1913.He would marry Nace Brooke. The Cementerio de la Chacarita is in the British section. The upper two stories of the Galveston Cotton Exchange Building were destroyed in the Hurricane of 1900. The B. S. Ricks Memorial Library is in Yazoo City, Mississippi. <mask>er Architectural sketches were taken from designs for buildings. The National Chemograph was published in New York in 1894. There are burials at La Chacarita Cemetery for people from wiebodzice to the United States.

3471251

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balachandran%20Chullikkadu

Balachandran Chullikkadu

Balachandran Chullikkad (born 30 July 1957) is an Indian poet, orator, lyricist and actor in Malayalam-language. Early life Balachandran was born in Paravur, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. He completed his graduation in English literature from the Union Christian College, Aluva (first two years) and Maharajas College, Ernakulam. he spent 9 years in Parasala as a hotel cook, and he worked 3 years in a petrol pump in Coimbatore. After that, he came back to poems and he worked 1 year in politics by Anna Dravida Munneta Kazhakam. He became the Parasala Unit President of AIDMK in 1998. Career His collection of poems published are Pathinettu Kavithakal, Amaavaasi, Ghazal, Maanasaantharam, Dracula etc. A collection of his complete poems, Balachandran Chullikkadinte Kavithakal (The Poems of Balachandran Chullikkad, 2000) was published by DC Books, Kottayam, Kerala, India. They have also published the book of his memoirs, Chidambarasmarana (2001). He has participated in many national literary seminars organised by Central Academy of Letters, India. He was one among the ten members of a cultural delegation of India to Sweden in 1997 invited by Nobel Academy and Swedish Writers Union. He represented Indian poetry in the international bookfair in Gotenborg, Sweden in November 1997. Chullikkad is also an actor in Malayalam films and serials. As an actor, he is best known for G. Aravindan's Pokkuveyil (1981) in which he played a young artist who lives with his father, a radical friend and a music-loving young woman. The film is about how his world collapses when his father dies, the radical friend leaves him and her family takes the woman away to another city. In 2018, he criticised the state education department for their incompetency in teaching Malayalam language, he urged it to remove his poems from curricula in schools, colleges and universities. Chullikkadu alleged that marks were being given in abundance for papers containing mistakes without proper evaluation, and the appointment of Malayalam teachers are not on the basis of qualifications, but caste, religion, political influence and nepotism. He said research work on Malayalam literature lack quality and that doctoral degrees were conferred on even those works which contain mistakes. Personal life Chullikkad is married to Vijayalakshmi, a known Malayalam poet and they have a son named Appu. He retired from Kerala State Government service on 31 July 2013. In 2000, he took Buddhism as his religion. He says that this cannot be called a conversion from Hinduism because he was never a follower of that religion. "I have not converted because I have not been a believer though I was a Hindu. I have now embraced Buddhism, not converted to Buddhism. The problem with Hinduism is that it is a religion of social status and set-ups. Your value in Hinduism depends on the family in which you were born," he says. Political views In a 2000 interview, Chullikkadu revealed that he was a sympathizer of the Naxalite movement during his teenage. He then continued as a Marxist for some years. But after the fall of the Soviet Union and "the Eastern European experience", he rethought his conviction about Marxism and reorganised his intellectual life on a different path. "I found that Marxism is outdated and irrelevant. Now I am not a Marxist, but a social and political democrat. Soviet experience proved that individual freedom without the base of socialism and socialism without sanctioning individual freedom is a failure. Communism practised all over the world is some kind of socialism without sanctioning individual freedom. Communism without approving individual freedom is social fascism", he said. Awards 2003 - National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Narration / Voice Over (Non Feature Film Category) for The 18 Elephants – 3 Monologues Filmography Films Actor Pokkuveyil (1982) Ezhuthaappurangal (1987) Theertham (1987) Marikkunnilla Njaan (1988) Pradakshinam (1994) Sraadham (1994) Rappakal (2005) Manikyan (2005) as himself The Tiger (2005) Nerariyan CBI (2005) Makalkku (2005) ... Sound Presence Bharathchandran IPS (2005) Chinthamani Kolacase (2006) Aanachantham (2006) Vasthavam (2006) Ali Bhai (2007) Abraham & Lincoln (2007) Nasrani (2007) One Way Ticket (2008) Parunthu(2008) ... Abraham Oridathoru Puzhayundu (2008) Minnaminnikkoottam (2008) Pakal Nakshathrangal (2008) Roudram (2008) Kali (2009) Ividam Swargammanu (2009) Vellathooval (2009) Sagar Alias Jackey (2009) Samastha Keralam P.O. (2009) Patham Nilayile Theevandi (2009) Utharaswayamvaram (2009) Chattambinadu (2009) Madhyavenal (2009) Vairam: Fight for Justice Ivar Vivahitharayal (2009) Drona (2010) Pokkiri Raja (2010) Amma Nilaavu (2010) Sadgamaya (2010) Bodyguard (2010) Elsamma Enna Aankutty (2010) Sakudumbam Shyamala(2010) Pranchiyettan and the Saint (2010) Ithu Nammude Katha (2011) Three Kings (2011) 15 August (2011) Collector (2011) Bombay March 12 (2011) Orkoot Orarmakoot (2012) Naughty Professor (2012) Ayaalum Njaanum Thammil (2012) Mayamohini (2012) Thattatin Maryathu (2012) Last Bench (2012) Nine One Six – 916 (2012) Sound Thoma (2013) Bharya Athra Pora (2013) August Club (2013) White Paper (2013) Lokpaal (2013) Emmanuel (2013) Proprietors : Kammath & Kammath (2013) Namboothiri Yuvavu @ 43 (2013) Kadal Kadannu Oru Mathukkutty (2013) Nadodimannan (2013) ... KRP Omega.exe (2013) Silence (2013) Pigman (2013) Lasarinte Lokam Point Blank Ente Priyathamanu Kaattum Mazhayum Avarude Veedu Avicharitha Cousins (2014) The Dolphins (2014) Pranayakatha (2014) Kootathil Oral (2014) Manja (2014) Mr.Fraud (2014) On The Way (2014) Thomson Villa (2014) Parayan Bakki Vechathu (2014) Ringmaster (2014) Onnum Mindathe (2014) Kumbasaram (2015) Mashithandu (2015) Oru New Generation Pani (2015) Onnam Loka Mahayudham (2015) Tharakangale Sakshi (2015) Ellam Chettante Ishtam Pole (2015) 32aam Adhyayam 23aam Vaakyam (2015) Two Countries (2015) Action Hero Biju (2016) Kolamass (2016) Pachakallam (2016) King Liar (2016) Action Hero Biju (2016) Welcome to Central Jail (2016) Hello Dubaikkaran (2017) Sathya (2017) Aakashamittayi (2017) Kaaliyan (2017) Role Models (2017) Viswavikyathamay Payyanmar (2017) Marubhoomiyile Mazhathullikal (2018) Aami (2018) Ottakoru Kamukan (2018) Neeli (2018) Mohanlal (2018) Ira (2018) Oru Pazhaya Bomb Kadha (2018) Thanaha (2018) Ottakoru Kaamukan (2018) Janathipan (2019) Madhura Raja (2019) Children's Park (2019) Thrissur Pooram (2019) Ice Orathi (2021) Bheeshma Parvam (2021) as Girija Achari Music composer Amme Pinvili Vilikkaathe ... Pokkuveyil 1982 Oru Ormmathan ... Pokkuveyil 1982 Paampu Kadicha ... Ezhuthaappurangal 1987 Lyricist Amme Pinvili Vilikkaathe ... Pokkuveyil 1982 Oru Ormmathan ... Pokkuveyil 1982 Nimishamaam ... Sruthi 1987 Leelaaravindam ... Sruthi 1987 Cheekithirukiya ... Sruthi 1987 Onam Vannu (Bit) ... Sruthi 1987 Ganapathiye Nin Achan ... Theertham 1987 Aathintho ... Theertham 1987 Bas More Nainan ... Theertham 1987 Paampu Kadicha ... Ezhuthaappurangal 1987 Kaanaamarayathu ... Pradakshinam 1994 Kaavalam Kiliye ... Saamoohya Paadam 1996 Kaavalam Kiliye ... Saamoohya Paadam 1996 Indrasabha ... Abraham & Lincoln 2007 Thakkida Tharikida ... Abraham & Lincoln 2007 Swapnamaraalike ... Abraham & Lincoln 2007 Kezhamaankannaale ... Abraham & Lincoln 2007 uduraajamukhi ... Abraham & Lincoln 2007 Raagam Shokam ... Thaniye 2007 G Venugopal Playback singer Poothappaattu ... Chillu 1982 Amme Pinvili Vilikkaathe ... Pokkuveyil 1982 Oru Ormmathan ... Pokkuveyil 1982 Paampu Kadicha ... Ezhuthaappurangal 1987 Idavamaasa perumazha ... Makalkku 2005 Story Jaalakam (1987) Idanaazhiyil Oru Kaalocha (1987) Oozham (1988) Orukkam (1990) Dialogue Jaalakam (1987) Idanaazhiyil Oru Kaalocha (1987) Screenplay Jaalakam (1987) Television Amma Makal (Zee Keralam) Thoovalsparsham (Asianet) Thinkalkalamaan (Surya TV) Chackoyum Maryyum (Mazhavil Manorama) Sumangali Bhava (Zee Keralam) Bhagyajathakam (Mazhavil Manorama) Gauri (Surya TV) Seetha (Flowers TV) Ammuvinte Amma (Mazhavil Manorama) Pokkuveyil (Flowers TV) Mayamohini (Mazhavil Manorama) Karuthamuthu (Asianet) Ganga (Doordarshan) Eran Nilav (Doordarshan) Devimahathmyam (Asianet) Balamani (Mazhavil Manorama) Chila Nerangalil Chila Manushyar (Amrita TV) Vadakaikkoru Hridayam (Amrita TV) Kathayile Rajakumari (Mazhavil Manorama) Pookalam (Surya TV) - title song lyrics Mizhi Thurakkumo (Doordarshan) Thulabharam (Surya TV) Indhraneelam (Surya TV) Priyamanasi (Surya TV) Swapnagale Kaaval (Kairali TV) Meera (Asianet) Makalude Amma (Surya TV) Mizhi Thurakkumbol (Surya TV) Venalmazha (Surya TV) Parvanendu References External links 1957 births Living people People from Ernakulam district Poets from Kerala Male actors from Kerala Malayalam-language writers Malayalam poets Indian Buddhists Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism Male actors in Malayalam cinema Male actors in Malayalam television Indian male film actors Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award Indian male poets 20th-century Indian poets 20th-century Indian male actors 20th-century Indian composers Indian male playback singers Indian male composers Indian male screenwriters Malayalam screenwriters Malayalam playback singers Indian lyricists 21st-century Indian male actors 20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights Film musicians from Kerala Screenwriters from Kerala 20th-century Indian male writers 20th-century Indian male singers

<mask> (born 30 July 1957) is an Indian poet, orator, lyricist and actor in Malayalam-language. Early life <mask> was born in Paravur, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. He completed his graduation in English literature from the Union Christian College, Aluva (first two years) and Maharajas College, Ernakulam. he spent 9 years in Parasala as a hotel cook, and he worked 3 years in a petrol pump in Coimbatore. After that, he came back to poems and he worked 1 year in politics by Anna Dravida Munneta Kazhakam. He became the Parasala Unit President of AIDMK in 1998. Career His collection of poems published are Pathinettu Kavithakal, Amaavaasi, Ghazal, Maanasaantharam, Dracula etc.A collection of his complete poems, Balachandran Chullikkadinte Kavithakal (The Poems of Balachandran Chullikkad, 2000) was published by DC Books, Kottayam, Kerala, India. They have also published the book of his memoirs, Chidambarasmarana (2001). He has participated in many national literary seminars organised by Central Academy of Letters, India. He was one among the ten members of a cultural delegation of India to Sweden in 1997 invited by Nobel Academy and Swedish Writers Union. He represented Indian poetry in the international bookfair in Gotenborg, Sweden in November 1997. Chullikkad is also an actor in Malayalam films and serials. As an actor, he is best known for G. Aravindan's Pokkuveyil (1981) in which he played a young artist who lives with his father, a radical friend and a music-loving young woman.The film is about how his world collapses when his father dies, the radical friend leaves him and her family takes the woman away to another city. In 2018, he criticised the state education department for their incompetency in teaching Malayalam language, he urged it to remove his poems from curricula in schools, colleges and universities. <mask> alleged that marks were being given in abundance for papers containing mistakes without proper evaluation, and the appointment of Malayalam teachers are not on the basis of qualifications, but caste, religion, political influence and nepotism. He said research work on Malayalam literature lack quality and that doctoral degrees were conferred on even those works which contain mistakes. Personal life Chullikkad is married to Vijayalakshmi, a known Malayalam poet and they have a son named Appu. He retired from Kerala State Government service on 31 July 2013. In 2000, he took Buddhism as his religion.He says that this cannot be called a conversion from Hinduism because he was never a follower of that religion. "I have not converted because I have not been a believer though I was a Hindu. I have now embraced Buddhism, not converted to Buddhism. The problem with Hinduism is that it is a religion of social status and set-ups. Your value in Hinduism depends on the family in which you were born," he says. Political views In a 2000 interview, <mask> revealed that he was a sympathizer of the Naxalite movement during his teenage. He then continued as a Marxist for some years.But after the fall of the Soviet Union and "the Eastern European experience", he rethought his conviction about Marxism and reorganised his intellectual life on a different path. "I found that Marxism is outdated and irrelevant. Now I am not a Marxist, but a social and political democrat. Soviet experience proved that individual freedom without the base of socialism and socialism without sanctioning individual freedom is a failure. Communism practised all over the world is some kind of socialism without sanctioning individual freedom. Communism without approving individual freedom is social fascism", he said. Awards 2003 - National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Narration / Voice Over (Non Feature Film Category) for The 18 Elephants – 3 Monologues Filmography Films Actor Pokkuveyil (1982) Ezhuthaappurangal (1987) Theertham (1987) Marikkunnilla Njaan (1988) Pradakshinam (1994) Sraadham (1994) Rappakal (2005) Manikyan (2005) as himself The Tiger (2005) Nerariyan CBI (2005) Makalkku (2005) ... Sound Presence Bharathchandran IPS (2005) Chinthamani Kolacase (2006) Aanachantham (2006) Vasthavam (2006) Ali Bhai (2007) Abraham & Lincoln (2007) Nasrani (2007) One Way Ticket (2008) Parunthu(2008) ... Abraham Oridathoru Puzhayundu (2008) Minnaminnikkoottam (2008) Pakal Nakshathrangal (2008) Roudram (2008) Kali (2009) Ividam Swargammanu (2009) Vellathooval (2009) Sagar Alias Jackey (2009) Samastha Keralam P.O.

He is an Indian poet, orator, lyricist and actor. The baby was born in Paravur, Ernakulam, India. He graduated from the Union Christian College in Aluva and the Maharajas College in Ernakulam with a degree in English literature. He spent 9 years in Parasala as a hotel cook and 3 years in a petrol pump. He worked in politics for a year after coming back to poems. He became the Parasala Unit President in 1998. His collection of poems are published in his career.A collection of his complete poems was published in 2000. The book of his memoirs was also published. He has participated in many literary seminars. He was part of a cultural delegation from India that went to Sweden in 1997. The international bookfair in Gotenborg, Sweden, featured Indian poetry. Chullikkad is an actor. In G. Aravindan's Pokkuveyil (1981), he played a young artist who lived with his father, a radical friend and a young woman.When his father dies, his radical friend leaves him and his family takes the woman away to another city, the film is about how his world collapses. He urged the state education department to remove his poems from the curriculum because of their incompetency in teaching the language. According to <mask>, marks were being given in abundance for papers with mistakes without proper evaluation, and the appointment of teachers was not based on qualifications, but on caste, religion, political influence and nepotism. PhD degrees were given to works which contain mistakes, even though research work on Malayalam literature lacks quality. Chullikkad is married to a well-known poet and they have a son named Appu. He retired from government service in July. Buddhism was his religion in 2000.He says that this is not a conversion from Hinduism because he was never a follower of that religion. I have not converted because I am not a believer. I am no longer converted to Buddhism. Hinduism is a religion of social status and set-ups. He says that your value in Hinduism depends on where you were born. During his teenage years, <mask> was a sympathizer of the Naxal movement. He continued to be a Marxist for a while.After the fall of the Soviet Union and the Eastern European experience, he changed his mind about Marxism. Marxism is outdated and irrelevant. I am a social and political democrat. Individual freedom without the base of socialism and socialism without the sanction of individual freedom is a failure. Communism is a type of socialism that does not sanction individual freedom. He said that communism without approving individual freedom is social fascism. The 18 - 3 Monologues Filmography Films actor Pokkuveyil won the National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Narration / Voice Over.

45244687

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada%20%28gamer%29

Armada (gamer)

Adam Lindgren (born 28 March 1993), known by his handle Armada, is a Swedish professional Super Smash Bros. player from Gothenburg. He is widely considered one of the greatest Super Smash Bros. Melee players of all time and the greatest Melee Peach player of all time. Lindgren has won several major tournaments: he is a three-time champion of GENESIS, two-time champion of EVO, two-time champion of Apex and one-time champion of The Big House. Considered one of the "Five Gods" of Melee, alongside Jason "Mew2King" Zimmerman, Joseph "Mango" Marquez, Juan "Hungrybox" DeBiedma, and Kevin "PPMD" Nanney, Lindgren was ranked one of the top two Melee players in the world every year from the beginning of formal rankings in 2013 until his retirement from singles tournaments in 2018, with Lindgren ranked as the number one Melee player in the world in 2015 and 2016. A 2021 list by PGstats ranked Lindgren as the second-greatest Melee player of all time. Lindgren retired from professional Melee singles tournaments in September 2018, citing declining interest in the game, although he still occasionally enters doubles tournaments teaming with his brother Andreas "Android" Lindgren. He also runs a YouTube channel with over 125,000 subscribers. He uses Peach and Fox, and formerly used Young Link as a secondary character. Lindgren rose to fame playing Peach exclusively, but he added Fox as a secondary in early 2015 in order to deal with a select few opponents. He is also considered one of the best doubles players in the world and is famous for teaming with both of his brothers Andreas "Android" and Alexander "Aniolas" Lindgren, as well as with Mew2King. Lindgren has also played Super Smash Bros. Ultimate and Project M competitively, primarily playing Inkling in the former and Peach and Pit in the latter. Lindgren has been nicknamed the Swedish Sniper, in reference to his precision with Pit's arrows in Project M and Peach's turnips in Melee. Gaming career Competitive Smash Bros. career Lindgren started his gaming career in 2003 competing in the Swedish Nintendo Championship. Armada came to prominence in 2007 finishing 4th at The Renaissance of Smash 4, his first national tournament. Seven months later, he finished 3rd at Epita Smash Arena 2, the largest tournament in Europe at the time, defeating top ranked Japanese player, Masashi, before losing to Ryota "Captain Jack" Yoshida. In 2009, Lindgren had firmly established himself as the strongest player in Europe and decided to enter GENESIS, a tournament held in Antioch, California which was attended by the best players in the larger and more prominent American community. Many Americans did not expect Armada to do well, but he shocked the country by reaching the finals of the tournament, upsetting top American players such as Mew2King and Mang0. Armada would eventually lose in Grand Finals to Mang0, but GENESIS established Armada as a legitimate contender for best in the world and was the start of a prolific rivalry between Armada and Mang0. Each passing year, Lindgren was ranked progressively higher. In July 2011, Armada won the major tournament at the time, GENESIS 2, defeating number one ranked player, Mang0. Lindgren remained undefeated worldwide for two years until EVO 2013 where he lost the title and 1st rank back to Mang0. After Apex 2013, Armada announced his retirement from competitive Melee although he did return to compete in EVO 2013, where he placed 4th, losing to PPMD 0–2 in winners' bracket and being eliminated by Mang0 0–2 in losers' semis. He returned to the scene a year later, with B.E.A.S.T, a tournament held in his hometown of Gothenburg which he helped to organize, as his first tournament back. Lindgren also had a fairly short-lived, but very successful career in Project M, winning Apex 2014's Project M title by defeating Mew2King in grand finals. On 6 November 2014 he left Empire Arcadia and became sponsored by professional gaming team Alliance. Lindgren initially showed some interest in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U stating that he found it considerably different from Melee and felt that he needed to spend more time playing it, but has not publicly practiced or competed in the game since a short time after its release. Since 2015, Armada has switched from using only Peach to both Peach and Fox in tournaments. He cites Fox's ability to put mental pressure on opponents as a reason for this change. Armada faced PPMD in the Grand Finals of Apex 2015, while coming from the losers bracket, but eventually lost after forcing a bracket reset. Armada was the EVO 2015 Melee champion after defeating Hungrybox in the Finals. By winning EVO, Lindgren received the largest single prize ever awarded in a Melee tournament at that time. After winning EVO 2015, Melee It On Me (MIOM) ranked Armada as the best Melee player for the 2015 Summer SSBMRank, ahead of Leffen and Mang0. At The Big House 5 in Dearborn, Michigan, Armada and his Europe crew lost to SoCal, placing 2nd. In doubles, Armada won with his brother Android, beating Mew2King and Hungrybox in Grand Finals. In Singles, he beat Hungrybox 3–2 in Grand Finals to win the tournament. Armada was ranked the number one player in the world on the Melee it On Me (MIOM) year end SSBMRank for 2015. Armada continued his tournament success in 2016 and 2017, winning events such as GENESIS 3, Dreamhack Winter 2016, GENESIS 4, and EVO 2017 as well as a multitude of doubles events with his teammate and brother Android. In addition, Armada won the first four iterations of the highly prestigious invitational tournament series Smash Summit. In doing so, Armada became the first Melee player to win the same major tournament series three and four times consecutively. Armada's lowest placing in his entire Melee career, excluding tournaments which he forfeit or did not seriously compete, is 5th place at both Paragon Orlando 2015 and Get On My Level 2016. Armada retired from competing in Melee singles on 18 September 2018. Speedrunning career Armada began speedrunning the 70 star category of Super Mario 64 in 2020 and is currently ranked 15th in the world. Personal life Lindgren has 10 siblings, two of whom, Alexander "Aniolas" and Andreas "Android", also play Melee competitively. Lindgren formerly worked as a substitute teacher in Gothenburg, but now dedicates his time fully to competing, producing YouTube videos, and streaming on Twitch. Armada is one of the subjects of the sequel of the documentary The Smash Brothers by producer Travis "Samox" Beauchamp, and its sequel entitled Metagame, which was released on 11 December 2020. The project raised over 30,000 on Kickstarter. Notable tournament placings Super Smash Bros. Melee Project M Super Smash Bros. for 3DS Super Smash Bros. for Wii U References External links 1993 births Living people Swedish esports players Super Smash Bros. Melee players Twitch (service) streamers Video game speedrunners People from Gothenburg Alliance (esports) players Empire Arcadia players Team Razer players Project M players

Adam Lindgren (born 28 March 1993), known by his handle Armada, is a Swedish professional Super Smash Bros. player from Gothenburg. He is widely considered one of the greatest Super Smash Bros. Melee players of all time and the greatest Melee Peach player of all time. Lindgren has won several major tournaments: he is a three-time champion of GENESIS, two-time champion of EVO, two-time champion of Apex and one-time champion of The Big House. Considered one of the "Five Gods" of Melee, alongside Jason "Mew2King" Zimmerman, Joseph "Mango" Marquez, Juan "Hungrybox" DeBiedma, and Kevin "PPMD" Nanney, Lindgren was ranked one of the top two Melee players in the world every year from the beginning of formal rankings in 2013 until his retirement from singles tournaments in 2018, with Lindgren ranked as the number one Melee player in the world in 2015 and 2016. A 2021 list by PGstats ranked Lindgren as the second-greatest Melee player of all time. Lindgren retired from professional Melee singles tournaments in September 2018, citing declining interest in the game, although he still occasionally enters doubles tournaments teaming with his brother Andreas "Android" Lindgren. He also runs a YouTube channel with over 125,000 subscribers.He uses Peach and Fox, and formerly used Young Link as a secondary character. Lindgren rose to fame playing Peach exclusively, but he added Fox as a secondary in early 2015 in order to deal with a select few opponents. He is also considered one of the best doubles players in the world and is famous for teaming with both of his brothers Andreas "Android" and Alexander "Aniolas" Lindgren, as well as with Mew2King. Lindgren has also played Super Smash Bros. Ultimate and Project M competitively, primarily playing Inkling in the former and Peach and Pit in the latter. Lindgren has been nicknamed the Swedish Sniper, in reference to his precision with Pit's arrows in Project M and Peach's turnips in Melee. Gaming career Competitive Smash Bros. career Lindgren started his gaming career in 2003 competing in the Swedish Nintendo Championship.<mask> came to prominence in 2007 finishing 4th at The Renaissance of Smash 4, his first national tournament. Seven months later, he finished 3rd at Epita Smash Arena 2, the largest tournament in Europe at the time, defeating top ranked Japanese player, Masashi, before losing to Ryota "Captain Jack" Yoshida. In 2009, Lindgren had firmly established himself as the strongest player in Europe and decided to enter GENESIS, a tournament held in Antioch, California which was attended by the best players in the larger and more prominent American community. Many Americans did not expect <mask> to do well, but he shocked the country by reaching the finals of the tournament, upsetting top American players such as Mew2King and Mang0. Armada would eventually lose in Grand Finals to Mang0, but GENESIS established Armada as a legitimate contender for best in the world and was the start of a prolific rivalry between Armada and Mang0. Each passing year, Lindgren was ranked progressively higher. In July 2011, Armada won the major tournament at the time, GENESIS 2, defeating number one ranked player, Mang0.Lindgren remained undefeated worldwide for two years until EVO 2013 where he lost the title and 1st rank back to Mang0. After Apex 2013, <mask> announced his retirement from competitive Melee although he did return to compete in EVO 2013, where he placed 4th, losing to PPMD 0–2 in winners' bracket and being eliminated by Mang0 0–2 in losers' semis. He returned to the scene a year later, with B.E.A.S.T, a tournament held in his hometown of Gothenburg which he helped to organize, as his first tournament back. Lindgren also had a fairly short-lived, but very successful career in Project M, winning Apex 2014's Project M title by defeating Mew2King in grand finals. On 6 November 2014 he left Empire Arcadia and became sponsored by professional gaming team Alliance. Lindgren initially showed some interest in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U stating that he found it considerably different from Melee and felt that he needed to spend more time playing it, but has not publicly practiced or competed in the game since a short time after its release. Since 2015, Armada has switched from using only Peach to both Peach and Fox in tournaments.He cites Fox's ability to put mental pressure on opponents as a reason for this change. <mask> faced PPMD in the Grand Finals of Apex 2015, while coming from the losers bracket, but eventually lost after forcing a bracket reset. <mask> was the EVO 2015 Melee champion after defeating Hungrybox in the Finals. By winning EVO, Lindgren received the largest single prize ever awarded in a Melee tournament at that time. After winning EVO 2015, Melee It On Me (MIOM) ranked <mask> as the best Melee player for the 2015 Summer SSBMRank, ahead of Leffen and Mang0. At The Big House 5 in Dearborn, Michigan, <mask> and his Europe crew lost to SoCal, placing 2nd. In doubles, <mask> won with his brother Android, beating Mew2King and Hungrybox in Grand Finals.In Singles, he beat Hungrybox 3–2 in Grand Finals to win the tournament. <mask> was ranked the number one player in the world on the Melee it On Me (MIOM) year end SSBMRank for 2015. <mask> continued his tournament success in 2016 and 2017, winning events such as GENESIS 3, Dreamhack Winter 2016, GENESIS 4, and EVO 2017 as well as a multitude of doubles events with his teammate and brother Android. In addition, <mask> won the first four iterations of the highly prestigious invitational tournament series Smash Summit. In doing so, <mask> became the first Melee player to win the same major tournament series three and four times consecutively. <mask>'s lowest placing in his entire Melee career, excluding tournaments which he forfeit or did not seriously compete, is 5th place at both Paragon Orlando 2015 and Get On My Level 2016. <mask> retired from competing in Melee singles on 18 September 2018.Speedrunning career Armada began speedrunning the 70 star category of Super Mario 64 in 2020 and is currently ranked 15th in the world. Personal life Lindgren has 10 siblings, two of whom, Alexander "Aniolas" and Andreas "Android", also play Melee competitively. Lindgren formerly worked as a substitute teacher in Gothenburg, but now dedicates his time fully to competing, producing YouTube videos, and streaming on Twitch. Armada is one of the subjects of the sequel of the documentary The Smash Brothers by producer Travis "Samox" Beauchamp, and its sequel entitled Metagame, which was released on 11 December 2020. The project raised over 30,000 on Kickstarter. Notable tournament placings Super Smash Bros. Melee Project M Super Smash Bros. for 3DS Super Smash Bros. for Wii U References External links 1993 births Living people Swedish esports players Super Smash Bros. Melee players Twitch (service) streamers Video game speedrunners People from Gothenburg Alliance (esports) players Empire Arcadia players Team Razer players Project M players

Adam Lindgren is a professional Super Smash Bros. player from Sweden. He is considered to be one of the greatest Super Smash Bros. players of all time. He is a three-time champion of GENESIS, two-time champion of EVO, two-time champion of Apex and one-time champion of The Big House. One of the "Five Gods" of Melee, Lindgren was ranked one of the top two players in the game. Lindgren was ranked the second-greatest player of all time. Lindgren retired from professional tournaments in September of last year, citing declining interest in the game, although he still occasionally enters doubles tournaments with his brother. He has over 125,000 subscribers on his YouTube channel.He used to use Young Link as a secondary character. In order to deal with a few opponents, Lindgren added Fox as a secondary in early 2015. He is one of the best doubles players in the world and is famous for teaming with both of his brothers. He has played Super Smash Bros. Playing Inkling in the former and Peach and Pit in the latter is what Ultimate and Project M do. The Swedish Sniper is a nickname that Lindgren has been given in reference to his precision with Pit's arrows in Project M. The Swedish Nintendo Championship is where Lindgren started his gaming career.He finished 4th at The Renaissance of Smash 4, his first national tournament. He finished 3rd in the Epita Smash Arena 2, the largest tournament in Europe at the time, after defeating top ranked Japanese player, Masashi. In 2009, Lindgren established himself as the strongest player in Europe and decided to enter a tournament in California which was attended by the best players in the larger and more prominent American community. Many Americans didn't think <mask> would do well, but he shocked the country by reaching the finals of the tournament and upsetting top American players. Although Armada lost in the Grand Finals to Mang0, they were established as a legitimate contender for best in the world. Lindgren was ranked higher each year. In July of 2011, Armada defeated the number one ranked player in the world in a major tournament.After two years without a loss, Lindgren lost the title and 1st rank at the end of the year. After announcing his retirement from competitive Melee, Armada returned to compete in the competition and placed 4th, losing to PPMD 0–2 in the winners' section and being eliminated by Mang0 0–2 in the loser's section. B.E.A.S.T, a tournament he helped to organize, was his first tournament back after a year. In Project M, Lindgren won the title by defeating Mew2King in the grand finals. The professional gaming team Alliance sponsored him after he left Empire Arcadia. After the release of Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, Lindgren stated that he needed to spend more time playing it, but has not publicly practiced or competed in the game since. In tournaments, Armada has switched from using only Peach to both Peach and Fox.Fox's ability to put mental pressure on opponents is the reason for the change. After forcing a reset of the brackets, Armada lost to PPMD in the Grand Finals of Apex 2015. Hungrybox was defeated in the finals by Armada. The largest prize ever awarded in a Melee tournament was won by Lindgren. The best player for the 2015 Summer SSBMRank was Armada, who was ranked ahead of Leffen. The Europe crew lost to the SoCal crew at The Big House 5. The brothers defeated Hungrybox and Mew2King in the Grand Finals.He beat Hungrybox in the Grand Finals to win the tournament. The number one player in the world at the end of the year was <mask>. In 2016 and 2017, <mask> won events such as Dreamhack Winter, GENESIS 4, and EVO, as well as a number of doubles events with his teammate and brother. The first four Smash Summit tournaments were won by <mask>. The first player to win the same major tournament series four times in a row was <mask>. 5th place at the Get On My Level 2016 tournament is the lowest place that <mask> has ever placed in his entire career. On 18 September, <mask> retired from competing in singles.Armada started speed running in the 70 star category of Super Mario 64 in 2020 and is currently ranked 15th in the world. Alexander "Aniolas" and Andreas "Android" are two of the 10 siblings who play competitively. He used to work as a substitute teacher in Gothenburg, but now devotes his time to competing and producing videos. One of the subjects of the sequel to the documentary The Smash Brothers is Armada, which was released on 11 December 2020. The project raised a lot of money. Notable tournament placings include Super Smash Bros. for Wii U and Project M.

4377042

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20of%20Montecorvino

John of Montecorvino

John of Montecorvino or Giovanni da Montecorvino in Italian (1247–1328) was an Italian Franciscan missionary, traveller and statesman, founder of the earliest Latin Catholic missions in India and China, and archbishop of Peking. Biography John was born at Montecorvino Rovella, in what is now Campania, Italy. As a member of a Latin Catholic religious order which at that time was chiefly concerned with the conversion of non-Catholics, he was commissioned in 1272 by the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to Pope Gregory X, to negotiate for the reunion of the 'Greek' (Orthodox) and Latin churches. Commissioned by the Holy See to preach Christianity in the Nearer and Middle East, especially to the Asiatic hordes then threatening the West, he devoted himself incessantly from 1275 to 1286. In 1286 Arghun, the Ilkhan who ruled Persia, sent a request to the pope through the Nestorian monk, Rabban Bar Sauma, to send Catholic missionaries to the Court of the Great Khan (Mongol emperor) of China, Kúblaí Khan (1260–94), who was alleged to be well disposed toward Christianity. Pope Nicholas IV received the letter in 1287 and entrusted John with the important mission to Farther China, where about this time Venetian lay traveller Marco Polo still remained. In 1289 John revisited the Papal Court and was sent out as papal legate to the Great Khan, the Ilkhan of Persia, and other leading personages of the Mongol Empire, as well as to the Emperor of Ethiopia. He started on his journey in 1289, provided with letters to Arghun, to the great Emperor Kúblaí Khan, to Kaidu, Prince of the Tatars, to the King of Armenia and to the Patriarch of the Jacobites. His companions were the Dominican Nicholas of Pistoia and the merchant Peter of Lucalongo. He reached Tabriz (in Iranian Azerbeijan), then the chief city of Mongol Persia, if not of all Western Asia. From Persia they moved down by sea to India, in 1291, to the Madras region or "Country of St Thomas" where he preached for thirteen months and baptized about one hundred persons; his companion Nicholas died. From there Montecorvino wrote home, in December 1291 (or 1292), the earliest noteworthy account of the Coromandel Coast furnished by any Western European. Travelling by sea from Nestorian Mailapur in Madras, he reached China in 1294, appearing in the capital "Cambaliech" or Khanbaliq (now Beijing), only to find that Kúblaí Khan had just died, and Temür (1294–1307) had succeeded to the Mongol throne. Though the latter did apparently not embrace Christianity, he threw no obstacles in the way of the zealous missionary. Very soon, John won the confidence of the Yuan dynasty ruler in spite of the opposition of the Nestorians who had already settled there under the name of Jingjiao/Ching-chiao (景教). In 1299 John built a church at Khanbaliq (now Beijing) and in 1305 a second church opposite the imperial palace, together with workshops and dwellings for two hundred persons. He gradually bought from heathen parents about one hundred and fifty boys, from seven to eleven years of age, instructed them in Latin and Greek, wrote psalms and hymns for them and then trained them to serve Mass and sing in the choir. At the same time he familiarized himself with the native language, preached in it, and translated the New Testament and the Psalms into the Uyghur used commonly by the Mongol ruling class in China. Among the six thousand converts of John of Montecorvino was a Nestorian Ongut prince named George, allegedly of the race of Prester John, a vassal of the great khan, mentioned by Marco Polo. John wrote letters of 8 January 1305 and 13 February 1306, describing the progress of the Latin mission in the Far East, in spite of Nestorian opposition; alluding to the Latin Catholic community he had founded in India, and to an appeal he had received to preach in "Ethiopia" and dealing with overland and oversea routes to "Cathay," from the Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively. After he had worked alone for eleven years, the German Franciscan Arnold of Cologne was sent to him (1304 or 1303) as his first colleague. In 1307 Pope Clement V, highly pleased with the missionary's success, sent seven Franciscan bishops who were commissioned to consecrate John of Montecorvino archbishop of Peking and summus archiepiscopus 'chief archbishop' of all those countries; they were themselves to be his suffragan bishops. Only three of these envoys arrived safely: Gerardus, Peregrinus and Andrew of Perugia (1308). They consecrated John in 1308 and succeeded each other in the episcopal see of Zaiton (Quanzhou), which John had established. In 1312 three more Franciscans were sent out from Rome to act as suffragans, of whom one at least reached East Asia. For the next 20 years the Chinese-Mongol mission continued to flourish under his leadership. A Franciscan tradition that about 1310 John of Montecorvino converted the new Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, also called Khaishan Kuluk (he was also the third Emperor of the Yuan dynasty; 1307–1311) is disputed. His mission unquestionably won remarkable successes in North and East China. Besides three mission stations in Peking, he established one near Amoy harbour, opposite Formosa island (Taiwan). John of Montecorvino translated the New Testament into Uyghur and provided copies of the Psalms, the Breviary and liturgical hymns for the Öngüt. He was instrumental in teaching boys the Latin chant, probably for a choir in the liturgy and with the hope that some of them might become priests. He converted Armenians in China and Alans to Latin Catholicism in China. John of Montecorvino died about 1328 in Peking. He was apparently the only effective European bishop in medieval Peking. Even after his death, the mission in China endured for the next forty years. Legacy Toghun Temür, the last Mongol (Yuan dynasty) emperor of China, sent an embassy to the French Pope Benedict XII in Avignon, in 1336. The embassy was led by a Genoese in the service of the Mongol emperor, Andrea di Nascio, and accompanied by another Genoese, Andalò di Savignone. These letters from the Mongol ruler represented that they had been eight years (since Montecorvino's death) without a spiritual guide, and earnestly desired one. The pope replied to the letters, and appointed four ecclesiastics as his legates to the khan's court. In 1338, a total of 50 ecclesiastics were sent by the Pope to Peking, among them John of Marignolli. In 1353 John returned to Avignon, and delivered a letter from the great khan to Pope Innocent VI. Soon, the Chinese rose up and drove the Mongols from China, thereby establishing the Ming Dynasty (1368). By 1369, all Christians, whether Latin Catholic or Syro-Oriental, were expelled by the Ming rulers. Six centuries later, Montecorvino acted as the inspiration for another Franciscan, the Blessed Gabriele Allegra to go to China and complete the first translation of the Catholic Bible into Chinese in 1968. See also Religion in China Christianity in China Roman Catholicism in China Odoric of Pordenone Rabban Bar Sauma Prester John References Bibliography Sir Henry Yule (ed.) Cathay and the Way Thither, London: Hakluyt Society, 1914, Vol. III, pp. 45-58. Contains two letters by Montecorvino. Jackson, Peter (2005). The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410. Longman. . This article incorporates text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article "John of Montecorvino" by Otto Hartig, a publication now in the public domain. The manuscripts of Montecorvino's Letters exist in the Laurentian Library, Florence (for the Indian Epistle) and in the National Library, Paris, 5006 Lat.-viz. the Liber de aetatibus, fols. 170, v.-172, r. (for the Chinese). They are printed in Wadding, Annales minorum (A.D. 1305 and 1306) vi. 69–72, 91-92 (ed. of 1733, &c.), and in the Münchner gelehrte Anzeigen (1855), No. 22, part in. pp. 171175. English translations, with valuable comments, are in Sir H. Yule's Cathay, i. 197–221. See also Wadding, Annales, v. 195–198, 199–203, vi. 93, &c., 147, &c., 176, &c., 467, &c.; C. R. Beazley, Dawn of Modern Geography, iii. 162–178, 206–210; Sir H. Yule, Cathay, i. 165–173. (C. R. B.) Attribution Further reading Pacifico Sella, Il Vangelo in Oriente. Giovanni da Montecorvino, frate minore e primo vescovo in terra di Cina (1247-1328), Assisi: Edizioni Porziuncola, 2008 External links Medieval Sourcebook: John of Monte Corvino: Report from China 1305. 1247 births 1328 deaths People from the Province of Salerno Italian Friars Minor Franciscan bishops 14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in China Franciscan missionaries Italian Roman Catholic missionaries Diplomats of the Holy See Roman Catholic missionaries in China Roman Catholic missionaries in India Italian emigrants to China Italian expatriates in India

<mask>o or <mask> in Italian (1247–1328) was an Italian Franciscan missionary, traveller and statesman, founder of the earliest Latin Catholic missions in India and China, and archbishop of Peking. Biography <mask> was born at Montecorvino Rovella, in what is now Campania, Italy. As a member of a Latin Catholic religious order which at that time was chiefly concerned with the conversion of non-Catholics, he was commissioned in 1272 by the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to Pope Gregory X, to negotiate for the reunion of the 'Greek' (Orthodox) and Latin churches. Commissioned by the Holy See to preach Christianity in the Nearer and Middle East, especially to the Asiatic hordes then threatening the West, he devoted himself incessantly from 1275 to 1286. In 1286 Arghun, the Ilkhan who ruled Persia, sent a request to the pope through the Nestorian monk, Rabban Bar Sauma, to send Catholic missionaries to the Court of the Great Khan (Mongol emperor) of China, Kúblaí Khan (1260–94), who was alleged to be well disposed toward Christianity. Pope Nicholas IV received the letter in 1287 and entrusted <mask> with the important mission to Farther China, where about this time Venetian lay traveller Marco Polo still remained. In 1289 <mask> revisited the Papal Court and was sent out as papal legate to the Great Khan, the Ilkhan of Persia, and other leading personages of the Mongol Empire, as well as to the Emperor of Ethiopia.He started on his journey in 1289, provided with letters to Arghun, to the great Emperor Kúblaí Khan, to Kaidu, Prince of the Tatars, to the King of Armenia and to the Patriarch of the Jacobites. His companions were the Dominican Nicholas of Pistoia and the merchant Peter of Lucalongo. He reached Tabriz (in Iranian Azerbeijan), then the chief city of Mongol Persia, if not of all Western Asia. From Persia they moved down by sea to India, in 1291, to the Madras region or "Country of St Thomas" where he preached for thirteen months and baptized about one hundred persons; his companion Nicholas died. From there <mask> wrote home, in December 1291 (or 1292), the earliest noteworthy account of the Coromandel Coast furnished by any Western European. Travelling by sea from Nestorian Mailapur in Madras, he reached China in 1294, appearing in the capital "Cambaliech" or Khanbaliq (now Beijing), only to find that Kúblaí Khan had just died, and Temür (1294–1307) had succeeded to the Mongol throne. Though the latter did apparently not embrace Christianity, he threw no obstacles in the way of the zealous missionary.Very soon, <mask> won the confidence of the Yuan dynasty ruler in spite of the opposition of the Nestorians who had already settled there under the name of Jingjiao/Ching-chiao (景教). In 1299 <mask> built a church at Khanbaliq (now Beijing) and in 1305 a second church opposite the imperial palace, together with workshops and dwellings for two hundred persons. He gradually bought from heathen parents about one hundred and fifty boys, from seven to eleven years of age, instructed them in Latin and Greek, wrote psalms and hymns for them and then trained them to serve Mass and sing in the choir. At the same time he familiarized himself with the native language, preached in it, and translated the New Testament and the Psalms into the Uyghur used commonly by the Mongol ruling class in China. Among the six thousand converts of <mask> of Montecorvino was a Nestorian Ongut prince named George, allegedly of the race of Prester <mask>, a vassal of the great khan, mentioned by Marco Polo. <mask> wrote letters of 8 January 1305 and 13 February 1306, describing the progress of the Latin mission in the Far East, in spite of Nestorian opposition; alluding to the Latin Catholic community he had founded in India, and to an appeal he had received to preach in "Ethiopia" and dealing with overland and oversea routes to "Cathay," from the Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively. After he had worked alone for eleven years, the German Franciscan Arnold of Cologne was sent to him (1304 or 1303) as his first colleague.In 1307 Pope Clement V, highly pleased with the missionary's success, sent seven Franciscan bishops who were commissioned to consecrate <mask>vino archbishop of Peking and summus archiepiscopus 'chief archbishop' of all those countries; they were themselves to be his suffragan bishops. Only three of these envoys arrived safely: Gerardus, Peregrinus and Andrew of Perugia (1308). They consecrated <mask> in 1308 and succeeded each other in the episcopal see of Zaiton (Quanzhou), which <mask> had established. In 1312 three more Franciscans were sent out from Rome to act as suffragans, of whom one at least reached East Asia. For the next 20 years the Chinese-Mongol mission continued to flourish under his leadership. A Franciscan tradition that about 1310 <mask> of Montecorvino converted the new Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, also called Khaishan Kuluk (he was also the third Emperor of the Yuan dynasty; 1307–1311) is disputed. His mission unquestionably won remarkable successes in North and East China.Besides three mission stations in Peking, he established one near Amoy harbour, opposite Formosa island (Taiwan). <mask>o translated the New Testament into Uyghur and provided copies of the Psalms, the Breviary and liturgical hymns for the Öngüt. He was instrumental in teaching boys the Latin chant, probably for a choir in the liturgy and with the hope that some of them might become priests. He converted Armenians in China and Alans to Latin Catholicism in China. <mask>vino died about 1328 in Peking. He was apparently the only effective European bishop in medieval Peking. Even after his death, the mission in China endured for the next forty years.Legacy Toghun Temür, the last Mongol (Yuan dynasty) emperor of China, sent an embassy to the French Pope Benedict XII in Avignon, in 1336. The embassy was led by a Genoese in the service of the Mongol emperor, Andrea di Nascio, and accompanied by another Genoese, Andalò di Savignone. These letters from the Mongol ruler represented that they had been eight years (since <mask>'s death) without a spiritual guide, and earnestly desired one. The pope replied to the letters, and appointed four ecclesiastics as his legates to the khan's court. In 1338, a total of 50 ecclesiastics were sent by the Pope to Peking, among them <mask> of Marignolli. In 1353 <mask> returned to Avignon, and delivered a letter from the great khan to Pope Innocent VI. Soon, the Chinese rose up and drove the Mongols from China, thereby establishing the Ming Dynasty (1368).By 1369, all Christians, whether Latin Catholic or Syro-Oriental, were expelled by the Ming rulers. Six centuries later, Montecorvino acted as the inspiration for another Franciscan, the Blessed Gabriele Allegra to go to China and complete the first translation of the Catholic Bible into Chinese in 1968. See also Religion in China Christianity in China Roman Catholicism in China Odoric of Pordenone Rabban Bar Sauma Prester John References Bibliography Sir Henry Yule (ed.) Cathay and the Way Thither, London: Hakluyt Society, 1914, Vol. III, pp. 45-58. Contains two letters by Montecorvino.Jackson, Peter (2005). The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410. Longman. . This article incorporates text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article "<mask> of Montecorvino" by Otto Hartig, a publication now in the public domain. The manuscripts of <mask>'s Letters exist in the Laurentian Library, Florence (for the Indian Epistle) and in the National Library, Paris, 5006 Lat.-viz. the Liber de aetatibus, fols. 170, v.-172, r. (for the Chinese).They are printed in Wadding, Annales minorum (A.D. 1305 and 1306) vi. 69–72, 91-92 (ed. of 1733, &c.), and in the Münchner gelehrte Anzeigen (1855), No. 22, part in. pp. 171175. English translations, with valuable comments, are in Sir H. Yule's Cathay, i.197–221. See also Wadding, Annales, v. 195–198, 199–203, vi. 93, &c., 147, &c., 176, &c., 467, &c.; C. R. Beazley, Dawn of Modern Geography, iii. 162–178, 206–210; Sir H. Yule, Cathay, i. 165–173. (C. R. B.)Attribution Further reading Pacifico Sella, Il Vangelo in Oriente. Giovanni da Montecorvino, frate minore e primo vescovo in terra di Cina (1247-1328), Assisi: Edizioni Porziuncola, 2008 External links Medieval Sourcebook: <mask> of Monte Corvino: Report from China 1305. 1247 births 1328 deaths People from the Province of Salerno Italian Friars Minor Franciscan bishops 14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in China Franciscan missionaries Italian Roman Catholic missionaries Diplomats of the Holy See Roman Catholic missionaries in China Roman Catholic missionaries in India Italian emigrants to China Italian expatriates in India

<mask>vino was an Italian Franciscan missionary who founded the earliest Latin Catholic missions in India and China. <mask> was born in Campania, Italy. He was commissioned in 1272 by the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to negotiate for the reunion of the 'Greek' (Orthodox) when he was a member of a Latin Catholic religious order. Commissioned by the Holy See to preach Christianity in the Nearer and Middle East, he devoted himself from 1275 to 1286. The pope was asked to send Catholic missionaries to the Court of the Great Khan in China by the Ilkhan who ruled Persia. <mask> was given the mission to Farther China by Pope Nicholas IV after he received the letter. <mask> was sent out as papal legate to the Great Khan, the Ilkhan of Persia, and the Emperor of Ethiopia in 1289 after returning to the Papal Court.He began his journey in 1289 with letters to the great Emperor Kbla Khan, the Prince of the Tatars, the King of Armenia, and the Patriarch of the Jacobites. The Dominican Nicholas of Pistoia and the merchant Peter of Lucalongo were with him. If not of all Western Asia, he reached Tabriz, the chief city of the Persian empire. They moved down by sea to India where he preached for thirteen months and baptized about one hundred people. The earliest account of the Coromandel Coast furnished by any Western European was written by Montecorvino. He traveled by sea from Madras to China, only to find that the man he was looking for had died. The latter did not throw any obstacles in the way of the missionary.<mask> won the trust of the Yuan dynasty ruler in spite of the opposition of the Nestorians who had already settled there. <mask> built a church at Khanbaliq in 1299 and a second church in 1305, with workshops and dwellings for two hundred people. He gradually bought from his parents about one hundred and fifty boys from seven to eleven years of age, taught them in Latin and Greek and then trained them to serve Mass and sing in the choir. He preached in the native language and translated the New Testament and the Psalms into the Uyghur, a language used by the ruling class in China. According to Marco Polo, there were six thousand converts to <mask> of Montecorvino and one of them was a prince from the Ongut tribe. The progress of the Latin mission in the Far East was described in two letters by <mask>, alluding to the Latin Catholic community he had founded in India, and to an appeal he had received to preach in Ethiopia. The German Franciscan Arnold of Cologne was sent to him after he had worked alone for eleven years.Pope Clement V was very pleased with his success and sent seven Franciscan bishops who were to be his 'chief archbishop' of all those countries. The three envoys who arrived safely were Andrew of Perugia,Gerardus and Peregrinus. In 1308, they consecrated <mask> and succeeded each other in establishing the see of Zaiton. Three more Franciscans were sent from Rome to act as suffragans in 1312 and one reached East Asia. The Chinese-Mongol mission flourished under his leadership. The Franciscan tradition that <mask>vino converted the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire is disputed. 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266 800-381-0266He established one near Amoy harbour, opposite Formosa island. The New Testament was translated into Uyghur by <mask>o. The hope was that some of the boys would become priests because he was instrumental in teaching them the Latin chant. Alans were converted to Latin Catholicism in China. <mask>o died in 1328. He was the only effective European bishop. The mission in China continued after his death.The last emperor of the Yuan dynasty sent an embassy to the Pope in Avignon in 1336. The embassy was led by a Genoese and was accompanied by another Genoese. They had been without a spiritual guide for eight years since <mask>'s death, and they wanted one. Four ecclesiastics were appointed by the pope to the khan's court. <mask> of Marignolli was one of 50 ecclesiastics sent by the Pope to Peking. <mask> delivered a letter from the great khan to Pope Innocent VI. The Chinese rose up and drove the Mongols out of China.All Christians, regardless of their religion, were expelled by the Ming rulers. The inspiration for another Franciscan, the Blessed Gabriele Allegra, to go to China and complete the first translation of the Catholic Bible into Chinese came from Montecorvino. There is Religion in China Christianity in China Roman Catholicism in China. The Hakluyt Society, 1914, is called Cathay and the Way Thither. I, pp. 45-58. There are two letters by Montecorvino.Peter Jackson was born in 2005. The West and the Mongols. Longman. The 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article "<mask> of Montecorvino" by Otto Hartig is now in the public domain. The National Library, Paris, 5006 Lat.-viz., contains the manuscripts of <mask>'s Letters. The Liber de aetatibus. For the Chinese.They are printed in Annales minorum. The book was 69–72, 91-92. In the Mnchner gelehrte Anzeigen (1855), No., of 1733, and of 1733, and of 1733, and of 1733, and of 1733, and of 1733, and of 1733, and of 1733, and Part in. pp. 171175. English translations with valuable comments can be found in Sir H. Yule's Cathay, i.19–21 See also Wadding, Annales. C. R. Beazley is the author of Dawn of Modern Geography. Sir H. Yule, Cathay, i. 165–173. R. B.Attribution reading Pacifico Sella, Il Vangelo in Oriente. In terra di Cina, Giovanni da Montecorvino frate minore e primo vescovo. 1328 deaths were caused by people from the Province of Salerno and 14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in China.

50414040

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20V.%20Denny%20Jr.

George V. Denny Jr.

George V. Denny Jr. (1899–1959) was the long-time moderator of one of radio's first talk shows, America's Town Meeting of the Air, as well as the executive director of the League for Political Education/Town Hall, which produced the program. Denny moderated America's Town Meeting of the Air from 1935 to 1952 and had a major role in choosing weekly topics. Biography Early life and education Denny was born August 29, 1899, in Washington, North Carolina, graduating from the University of North Carolina (UNC) in 1922. Early career and the League for Political Education Denny was a professor of drama production at UNC from 1924–1926, and then moved to New York, working as an actor on Broadway for one season. He managed the W. B. Feakins lecture bureau for a year, and then became the director of Columbia University's Institute of Arts and Sciences from 1928–1930. In 1931, Denny became the associate director of the League for Political Education, becoming full director in 1937. America's Town Meeting of the Air In his role, by 1935 Denny worried that an uninformed public was bad for democracy; and that American society had become so polarized that the average person didn't listen to other points of view. His goal was to create a new kind of educational program, one that would be entertaining as well as mentally challenging, while exposing listeners to various perspectives on the issues of the day. He wanted to create a program that would replicate the town meetings that were held in the early days of the United States. He believed that a radio town meeting could enhance the public's interest in current events. Explaining the rationale behind a radio town meeting, Denny wrote that it was "... a device which is designed to attract [the average American's] attention and stimulate his [sic] interest in the complex economic, social and political problems which he must have a hand in solving." Originally carried by the NBC Blue Network, America's Town Meeting of the Air began as a six-week experiment, and NBC itself didn't expect much from it. Broadcast live from New York City's Town Hall (the League for Political Education's headquarters), America's Town Meeting of the Air debuted on Thursday May 30, 1935, and only 18 of NBC's affiliates carried it. The topic for that first show was "Which Way America: Fascism, Communism, Socialism or Democracy?” As Denny had hoped, listeners not only enjoyed hearing famous newsmakers engaging in discussion but they also enjoyed hearing members of the audience challenging these newsmakers. It wasn't long before Denny was receiving fan mail: much to his surprise, his first broadcast received about 3,000 letters. By the 1937-8 season, mail averaged between 2,000 and 4,000 letters a week, an amazing number for an educational program. It also inspired listeners to form "listener clubs," where members would listen as a group and then discuss the topic themselves. America's Town Meeting became so popular in the public discourse that during the late 1930s and into the early 40s, Denny wrote a monthly column for Current History magazine, in which he gave summaries of the major points made by some of his Town Meeting guests, and then gave readers news quizzes. And educators found it so useful that Denny and NBC put program listings and what the speakers had said into booklet form, which was disseminated to public school civics teachers. Over the years, America's Town Meeting became known for its interesting guests, many of whom were important newsmakers. Denny did not shy away from controversy: his panelists included Socialist presidential candidate Norman Thomas, American Communist Party leader Earl Browder, and civil libertarian Morris Ernst. The topics were meant to inspire discussion, and Denny tried to select subjects that would get people talking long after the show was over. Among them were discussions about whether America truly had freedom of the press (and whether censorship was sometimes necessary); whether the United States should enter World War II or remain neutral; and why the United States public schools weren't doing a better job. But during World War II, Denny repeatedly encountered what he had most sought to avoid: angry audience members who didn't want to listen to other viewpoints and who wanted to criticize, rather than debate. Worse still, some audience members expressed isolationist and anti-Semitic views. Denny struggled to maintain the show's openness and objectivity, but it became increasingly difficult to do so. The 1930s were definitely the heyday of America's Town Meeting, although it remained on the air throughout the 1940s and sometimes still inspired the kinds of passionate discussions Denny had hoped for. But Town Meeting underwent a number of time changes during the 1940s. Some were the result of changes at NBC — the network that had been called the NBC Blue Network was sold in 1943, and it first became known as the "Blue Network," and then was re-named the American Broadcasting Company in late 1945. Some of the programs on the new network were shifted around, and not only did Town Meeting get a new timeslot—it was moved from 9:30pm to 8:30pm—but by 1944, it even got a sponsor—Reader's Digest. At times, the show was 60 minutes, sometimes 45 minutes and sometimes only a half-hour. And when television came along, interest in Denny's radio program gradually faded. Denny resigned his position at the League for Political Education (then known as Town Hall, Inc.) in 1951; by 1952, he had been replaced as moderator — the show was finally canceled on July 1, 1956. Later life and death Denny, who continued to believe in educational media, joined an organization that planned international seminars, and he hoped to create an international version of Town Meeting. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage on November 11, 1959, at the age of 60. Personal life Denny was married to Mary Traill Yellott 12 from June 1924 until their 1943 divorce. They had three children. In April 1944 he married the former Jean Sarasy; they remained married until his death. References 1899 births 1959 deaths American radio personalities University of North Carolina alumni Peabody Award winners People from Washington, North Carolina

<mask><mask>. (1899–1959) was the long-time moderator of one of radio's first talk shows, America's Town Meeting of the Air, as well as the executive director of the League for Political Education/Town Hall, which produced the program. <mask> moderated America's Town Meeting of the Air from 1935 to 1952 and had a major role in choosing weekly topics. Biography Early life and education <mask> was born August 29, 1899, in Washington, North Carolina, graduating from the University of North Carolina (UNC) in 1922. Early career and the League for Political Education <mask> was a professor of drama production at UNC from 1924–1926, and then moved to New York, working as an actor on Broadway for one season. He managed the W. B. Feakins lecture bureau for a year, and then became the director of Columbia University's Institute of Arts and Sciences from 1928–1930. In 1931, <mask> became the associate director of the League for Political Education, becoming full director in 1937. America's Town Meeting of the Air In his role, by 1935 <mask> worried that an uninformed public was bad for democracy; and that American society had become so polarized that the average person didn't listen to other points of view.His goal was to create a new kind of educational program, one that would be entertaining as well as mentally challenging, while exposing listeners to various perspectives on the issues of the day. He wanted to create a program that would replicate the town meetings that were held in the early days of the United States. He believed that a radio town meeting could enhance the public's interest in current events. Explaining the rationale behind a radio town meeting, <mask> wrote that it was "... a device which is designed to attract [the average American's] attention and stimulate his [sic] interest in the complex economic, social and political problems which he must have a hand in solving." Originally carried by the NBC Blue Network, America's Town Meeting of the Air began as a six-week experiment, and NBC itself didn't expect much from it. Broadcast live from New York City's Town Hall (the League for Political Education's headquarters), America's Town Meeting of the Air debuted on Thursday May 30, 1935, and only 18 of NBC's affiliates carried it. The topic for that first show was "Which Way America: Fascism, Communism, Socialism or Democracy?” As <mask> had hoped, listeners not only enjoyed hearing famous newsmakers engaging in discussion but they also enjoyed hearing members of the audience challenging these newsmakers.It wasn't long before <mask> was receiving fan mail: much to his surprise, his first broadcast received about 3,000 letters. By the 1937-8 season, mail averaged between 2,000 and 4,000 letters a week, an amazing number for an educational program. It also inspired listeners to form "listener clubs," where members would listen as a group and then discuss the topic themselves. America's Town Meeting became so popular in the public discourse that during the late 1930s and into the early 40s, <mask> wrote a monthly column for Current History magazine, in which he gave summaries of the major points made by some of his Town Meeting guests, and then gave readers news quizzes. And educators found it so useful that <mask> and NBC put program listings and what the speakers had said into booklet form, which was disseminated to public school civics teachers. Over the years, America's Town Meeting became known for its interesting guests, many of whom were important newsmakers. <mask> did not shy away from controversy: his panelists included Socialist presidential candidate Norman Thomas, American Communist Party leader Earl Browder, and civil libertarian Morris Ernst.The topics were meant to inspire discussion, and <mask> tried to select subjects that would get people talking long after the show was over. Among them were discussions about whether America truly had freedom of the press (and whether censorship was sometimes necessary); whether the United States should enter World War II or remain neutral; and why the United States public schools weren't doing a better job. But during World War II, <mask> repeatedly encountered what he had most sought to avoid: angry audience members who didn't want to listen to other viewpoints and who wanted to criticize, rather than debate. Worse still, some audience members expressed isolationist and anti-Semitic views. <mask> struggled to maintain the show's openness and objectivity, but it became increasingly difficult to do so. The 1930s were definitely the heyday of America's Town Meeting, although it remained on the air throughout the 1940s and sometimes still inspired the kinds of passionate discussions <mask> had hoped for. But Town Meeting underwent a number of time changes during the 1940s.Some were the result of changes at NBC — the network that had been called the NBC Blue Network was sold in 1943, and it first became known as the "Blue Network," and then was re-named the American Broadcasting Company in late 1945. Some of the programs on the new network were shifted around, and not only did Town Meeting get a new timeslot—it was moved from 9:30pm to 8:30pm—but by 1944, it even got a sponsor—Reader's Digest. At times, the show was 60 minutes, sometimes 45 minutes and sometimes only a half-hour. And when television came along, interest in <mask>'s radio program gradually faded. <mask> resigned his position at the League for Political Education (then known as Town Hall, Inc.) in 1951; by 1952, he had been replaced as moderator — the show was finally canceled on July 1, 1956. Later life and death <mask>, who continued to believe in educational media, joined an organization that planned international seminars, and he hoped to create an international version of Town Meeting. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage on November 11, 1959, at the age of 60.Personal life <mask> was married to Mary Traill Yellott 12 from June 1924 until their 1943 divorce. They had three children. In April 1944 he married the former Jean Sarasy; they remained married until his death. References 1899 births 1959 deaths American radio personalities University of North Carolina alumni Peabody Award winners People from Washington, North Carolina

America's Town Meeting of the Air was hosted by <mask><mask>., as well as the executive director of the League for Political Education/Town Hall. <mask> was in charge of America's Town Meeting of the Air from 1935 to 1952. <mask> was born in 1899 in Washington, North Carolina and graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1922. <mask> worked as an actor on Broadway for one season after moving to New York, where he was a professor of drama production at UNC. He was the director of Columbia University's Institute of Arts and Sciences from 1929 to 1930. <mask> became the full director of the League for Political Education in 1937. <mask> worried that an uneducated public was bad for democracy and that American society had become so divided that the average person didn't listen to other points of view.His goal was to create a new kind of educational program, one that would be entertaining as well as mentally challenging, while exposing the audience to various perspectives on the issues of the day. He wanted to recreate the town meetings that were held in the early days of the United States. The public's interest in current events could be enhanced by a radio town meeting. <mask> wrote that the radio town meeting was designed to attract attention to the complex economic, social and political problems which he must have a hand in solving. America's Town Meeting of the Air began as a six-week experiment and NBC didn't expect much from it. America's Town Meeting of the Air was broadcast live from New York City's Town Hall on May 30, 1935. The topic for the first show was "Which Way America: Communism, Socialism or Democracy" and <mask> hoped that the audience would challenge the newsmakers.<mask>'s first broadcast received about 3000 letters, much to his surprise. By the 1937-8 season, mail averaged between 2,000 and 4,000 letters a week, an amazing number for an educational program. It inspired members of listener clubs to listen as a group and discuss the topic of their choice. <mask> wrote a monthly column for Current History magazine in which he gave summaries of the major points made by some of his Town Meeting guests, and then gave readers news quizzes. <mask> and NBC put program listings and what the speakers had said into booklet form, which was disseminated to public school civics teachers. Many of America's Town Meeting's interesting guests were important newsmakers. Socialist presidential candidate Norman Thomas and American Communist Party leader Earl Browder were on <mask>'s panel.<mask> tried to pick topics that would get people talking after the show was over. There were discussions about whether America had freedom of the press, whether the United States should enter World War II or remain neutral, and why the United States public schools weren't doing a better job. <mask> tried to avoid angry audience members who didn't want to listen to other viewpoints and who wanted to criticize rather than debate during World War II. Some audience members had anti-Semitic views. <mask> had a hard time maintaining the show's openness and objectivity. The heyday of America's Town Meeting was in the 1930s, although it remained on the air throughout the 1940s and inspired the kinds of passionate discussions <mask> had hoped for. During the 1940s, Town Meeting underwent a number of time changes.The NBC Blue Network, which was sold in 1943, became known as the "Blue Network" and was re-named the American Broadcasting Company in 1945. Town Meeting got a new time slot and even got a sponsor when it was moved from 9:30pm to 8:30pm on the new network. The show was sometimes 60 minutes, sometimes 45 minutes, and sometimes only half an hour. When television came along, the interest in <mask>'s radio program faded. <mask> left the League for Political Education in 1951 and was replaced as the show's moderator in 1952. <mask> joined an organization that planned international seminars and hoped to create an international version of Town Meeting. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 60.<mask> was married to Mary Traill Yellott 12 from June 1924 until their 1943 divorce. They had three children. He was married to the former Jean Sarasy until his death. People from Washington, North Carolina are alumni of the University of North Carolina.

5544947

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison%20Fraser

Alison Fraser

Alison Fraser (born in Natick, Massachusetts) is an American actress, voice actress and singer who has appeared on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and in television and film. In concert, she has performed at such venues as Carnegie Hall, The White House, Town Hall, The Brooklyn Botanic Garden, The Tisch Center for the Arts, The Folger Shakespeare Library, The Wilma, The Emelin, Joe's Pub, 54 Below, and Symphony Space. Career Fraser is a two-time Tony Award nominee for The Secret Garden and Romance/Romance, a Drama Desk Award nominee for both The Secret Garden, and First Daughter Suite and a Carbonell Award winner for Romance/Romance. Fraser is a Callaway Award-winner for Heartbreak House. She played "Tessie Tura" in the New York City Center and Broadway productions of Gypsy starring Patti LuPone under the direction of Arthur Laurents. She was the first ever recipient of Philadelphia's Barrymore Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of "The Blonde" in Marion Adler, Scott Wentworth and Craig Boehmler's film noir musical, Gunmetal Blues under the direction of Jiri Zizka. She reprised the role of "The Blonde" in Gunmetal Blues opposite Patrick Quinn at the George Street Playhouse. She returned there to play "Diana" in Lend Me a Tenor, directed by David Saint. She was the original "Trina" (Marvin's ex-wife) in William Finn's March of the Falsettos and In Trousers (Playwrights Horizons). She also did vocal orchestrations for both shows. She played "Miss Drumgoole" in Todd Rundgren's adaptation of Joe Orton's Up Against It (New York Shakespeare Festival), "Uta" in Charles Busch and Rusty Magee's The Green Heart (Manhattan Theatre Club), "Connie"/"Petula"/"Brenda" in Beehive at the Village Gate, and "Marion Ames" in Swingtime Canteen. In 1988, she appeared on Broadway in Romance/Romance, a musical starring herself and Quantum Leap star, Scott Bakula. For her dual-role as Josefine/Monica, Fraser received her first Tony Award Nomination. In 1991, Fraser appeared in The Secret Garden, a musical based on the children's story by Frances Hodgson Burnett. For originating the role of Martha, Fraser earned a second Tony Award Nomination. The Secret Garden also featured Mandy Patinkin, Daisy Eagan, John Cameron Mitchell and Rebecca Luker. Fraser stars in the one-woman show A Tennessee Williams Songbook conceived and directed by David Kaplan with musical direction by Allison Leyton-Brown. The show premiered at The Tennessee Williams Festival in Williams' birthplace of Columbus, Mississippi and went on to great acclaim at the annual Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival. An original cast album titled Tennessee Williams: Words and Music was released on Sh-K-Boom Records in 2013. Fraser portrayed the flamboyant but clueless "Babs Caplan" on the award-winning PBS series, Between the Lions. She has appeared on the TV series Gotham, High Maintenance, Smash, Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, Happy!, and Third Watch. She played the recurring roles of "Aunt Heidi" in the award-winning web-series Jack in a Box, written and produced by Michael Cyril Creighton, and "Veronica Bailey" on Wesley Taylor and Mitchell Jarvis’s It Could Be Worse (the latter web series was broadcast on Pivot and was later picked up by Hulu). Her feature films include Socks and Bonds, Family Games, Blowtorch, Commentary, Jack and His Friends (with Sam Rockwell), Me and Him, Mixing Nia, In the Blood, The Mice War, Tommy Battles the Silver Sea Dragon, and The Thing About My Folks. She can also be seen in the Bright Eyes music video for their song, First Day of My Life, directed by her Secret Garden co-star, John Cameron Mitchell. She authored an interview with Anthony Newley which was published in Time Out. Fraser also appeared in video games Grand Theft Auto IV, Grand Theft Auto V and Mafia III. She has made three solo albums, A New York Romance, Men in My Life and Tennessee Williams: Words and Music. In 2004, Fraser sang the National Anthem at Fenway Park. In 2009, Arthur Laurents cast Fraser in an original play, Come Back, Come Back, Wherever You Are which premiered at the George Street Playhouse. The play was directed by Laurents himself and featured Tony-winning actress, Shirley Knight. Also with Knight, Fraser appeared in the 2012 world premiere of Tennessee Williams' final full-length play In Masks Outrageous and Austere. In 2010, playwright and performer Charles Busch cast Fraser in his new comedy, The Divine Sister, a play satirizes the cinematic portrayal of nuns. Fraser played Sister Walburga. Fraser then originated the role of Arsinoe in David Ives' comedy The School For Lies at Classic Stage Company. On December 16, 2013, Fraser joined the First National Tour of Wicked in the role of Madame Morrible. In 2015, Fraser appeared in four episodes of the Showtime television series Happyish as both Ma Keebler and Boots. From October 6 to November 22, 2015, Fraser performed in the world premiere of Michael John LaChiusa's musical First Daughter Suite at the Public Theater, in the roles of Nancy Reagan and Betty Ford. For her performance, Fraser received nominations for both the Lucille Lortel Award and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. In the fall of 2017, Fraser performed a limited run of playwright Aaron Mark's new play Squeamish. The one woman show was presented by All For One Theater (AFO) at Theatre Row's Beckett Theatre. Squeamish ran October 6 – November 11, 2017. For Squeamish, Fraser received a 2018 Outer Critics Circle nomination for Outstanding Solo Performance. In April 2021, AudioFile named Fraser a recipient of its Earphones Award for her audiobook narration of Alexander Nemerov's novel, Fierce Pose. Personal life Fraser graduated summa cum laude in spring 2010 from Fordham University, where she now teaches a musical theatre course. Fraser is the widow of composer and performer Benjamin Rush "Rusty" Magee, with whom she has one son, Nathaniel Fraser Magee, who is an editor in New York City. Theatre credits In Trousers March of the Falsettos Falsettos Lady in the Dark Lips Together, Teeth Apart Lend Me a Tenor Tartuffe The Mystery of Edwin Drood Secret Garden Up Against It The Green Heart Beehive Honk! Prodigal Lizzie Borden Dedication or The Stuff of Dreams High School Musical A Quarrel of Sparrows Gypsy Wicked Come Back, Come Back, Wherever You Are The Divine Sister Archy and Mehitabel Love, Loss, and What I Wore The School For Lies A Charity Case In Masks Outrageous and Austere Love Therapy First Daughter Suite The Sandbox Funnyhouse of a Negro Squeamish the shards of an honor code junkie A Blanket Of Dust Heartbreak House Steel Magnolias Enter Laughing Cinderella Deathtrap Paradise Lost Romance/Romance Filmography Film 1988: Me and Him 1992: Jack and His Friends 1997: The Amazing Feats of Young Hercules (voice) 1998: Mixing Nia 2003: The Thing About My Folks 2006: In The Blood 2006: Spectropia 2012: Commentary 2014: Socks and Bonds 2016: Blowtorch 2017: The Mice War (voice) 2017: Family Games 2017: Hard 2018: Tommy Battles the Silver Sea Dragon 2019: The Sound of Silence 2019: Impossible Monsters 2019: In The Campfire Light 2020: It Cuts Deep Television 1995: Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (voice) 2000–2001: Between the Lions – Babs Caplan 2000–2002: SG (voice) 2003: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit 2003: Third Watch 2015: Happyish – Boots (voice), Ma Keebler (voice) (2 episodes) 2016: High Maintenance 2017: Happy! – Mrs. Claws 2018: Gotham – Gertrude Haverstock (Episode ""That's Entertainment") Videogame 2008: Grand Theft Auto IV – Gertrude Leneau, The Crowd of Liberty City 2013: Grand Theft Auto V – Additional Voices 2016: Mafia III – Additional Voices References External links Official website American stage actresses American women singers American musical theatre actresses American television actresses People from Manhattan Living people Actresses from New York City Singers from New York City Actresses from Massachusetts Musicians from Massachusetts People from Natick, Massachusetts Fordham University alumni Fordham University faculty Natick High School alumni Year of birth missing (living people) American women academics 21st-century American women

<mask> (born in Natick, Massachusetts) is an American actress, voice actress and singer who has appeared on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and in television and film. In concert, she has performed at such venues as Carnegie Hall, The White House, Town Hall, The Brooklyn Botanic Garden, The Tisch Center for the Arts, The Folger Shakespeare Library, The Wilma, The Emelin, Joe's Pub, 54 Below, and Symphony Space. <mask> is a two-time Tony Award nominee for The Secret Garden and Romance/Romance, a Drama Desk Award nominee for both The Secret Garden, and First Daughter Suite and a Carbonell Award winner for Romance/Romance. <mask> is a Callaway Award-winner for Heartbreak House. She played "Tessie Tura" in the New York City Center and Broadway productions of Gypsy starring Patti LuPone under the direction of Arthur Laurents. She was the first ever recipient of Philadelphia's Barrymore Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of "The Blonde" in Marion Adler, Scott Wentworth and Craig Boehmler's film noir musical, Gunmetal Blues under the direction of Jiri Zizka. She reprised the role of "The Blonde" in Gunmetal Blues opposite Patrick Quinn at the George Street Playhouse.She returned there to play "Diana" in Lend Me a Tenor, directed by David Saint. She was the original "Trina" (Marvin's ex-wife) in William Finn's March of the Falsettos and In Trousers (Playwrights Horizons). She also did vocal orchestrations for both shows. She played "Miss Drumgoole" in Todd Rundgren's adaptation of Joe Orton's Up Against It (New York Shakespeare Festival), "Uta" in Charles Busch and Rusty Magee's The Green Heart (Manhattan Theatre Club), "Connie"/"Petula"/"Brenda" in Beehive at the Village Gate, and "Marion Ames" in Swingtime Canteen. In 1988, she appeared on Broadway in Romance/Romance, a musical starring herself and Quantum Leap star, Scott Bakula. For her dual-role as Josefine/Monica, <mask> received her first Tony Award Nomination. In 1991, <mask> appeared in The Secret Garden, a musical based on the children's story by Frances Hodgson Burnett.For originating the role of Martha, <mask> earned a second Tony Award Nomination. The Secret Garden also featured Mandy Patinkin, Daisy Eagan, John Cameron Mitchell and Rebecca Luker. <mask> stars in the one-woman show A Tennessee Williams Songbook conceived and directed by David Kaplan with musical direction by Allison Leyton-Brown. The show premiered at The Tennessee Williams Festival in Williams' birthplace of Columbus, Mississippi and went on to great acclaim at the annual Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival. An original cast album titled Tennessee Williams: Words and Music was released on Sh-K-Boom Records in 2013. <mask> portrayed the flamboyant but clueless "Babs Caplan" on the award-winning PBS series, Between the Lions. She has appeared on the TV series Gotham, High Maintenance, Smash, Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, Happy!, and Third Watch.She played the recurring roles of "Aunt Heidi" in the award-winning web-series Jack in a Box, written and produced by Michael Cyril Creighton, and "Veronica Bailey" on Wesley Taylor and Mitchell Jarvis’s It Could Be Worse (the latter web series was broadcast on Pivot and was later picked up by Hulu). Her feature films include Socks and Bonds, Family Games, Blowtorch, Commentary, Jack and His Friends (with Sam Rockwell), Me and Him, Mixing Nia, In the Blood, The Mice War, Tommy Battles the Silver Sea Dragon, and The Thing About My Folks. She can also be seen in the Bright Eyes music video for their song, First Day of My Life, directed by her Secret Garden co-star, John Cameron Mitchell. She authored an interview with Anthony Newley which was published in Time Out. <mask> also appeared in video games Grand Theft Auto IV, Grand Theft Auto V and Mafia III. She has made three solo albums, A New York Romance, Men in My Life and Tennessee Williams: Words and Music. In 2004, <mask> sang the National Anthem at Fenway Park.In 2009, Arthur Laurents cast <mask> in an original play, Come Back, Come Back, Wherever You Are which premiered at the George Street Playhouse. The play was directed by Laurents himself and featured Tony-winning actress, Shirley Knight. Also with Knight, <mask> appeared in the 2012 world premiere of Tennessee Williams' final full-length play In Masks Outrageous and Austere. In 2010, playwright and performer Charles Busch cast <mask> in his new comedy, The Divine Sister, a play satirizes the cinematic portrayal of nuns. <mask> played Sister Walburga. <mask> then originated the role of Arsinoe in David Ives' comedy The School For Lies at Classic Stage Company. On December 16, 2013, <mask> joined the First National Tour of Wicked in the role of Madame Morrible.In 2015, <mask> appeared in four episodes of the Showtime television series Happyish as both Ma Keebler and Boots. From October 6 to November 22, 2015, <mask> performed in the world premiere of Michael John LaChiusa's musical First Daughter Suite at the Public Theater, in the roles of Nancy Reagan and Betty Ford. For her performance, <mask> received nominations for both the Lucille Lortel Award and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. In the fall of 2017, <mask> performed a limited run of playwright Aaron Mark's new play Squeamish. The one woman show was presented by All For One Theater (AFO) at Theatre Row's Beckett Theatre. Squeamish ran October 6 – November 11, 2017. For Squeamish, <mask> received a 2018 Outer Critics Circle nomination for Outstanding Solo Performance.In April 2021, AudioFile named <mask> a recipient of its Earphones Award for her audiobook narration of Alexander Nemerov's novel, Fierce Pose. Personal life <mask> graduated summa cum laude in spring 2010 from Fordham University, where she now teaches a musical theatre course. <mask> is the widow of composer and performer Benjamin Rush "Rusty" Magee, with whom she has one son, <mask> Magee, who is an editor in New York City. Theatre credits In Trousers March of the Falsettos Falsettos Lady in the Dark Lips Together, Teeth Apart Lend Me a Tenor Tartuffe The Mystery of Edwin Drood Secret Garden Up Against It The Green Heart Beehive Honk! – Mrs. Claws 2018: Gotham – Gertrude Haverstock (Episode ""That's Entertainment") Videogame 2008: Grand Theft Auto IV – Gertrude Leneau, The Crowd of Liberty City 2013: Grand Theft Auto V – Additional Voices 2016: Mafia III – Additional Voices References External links Official website American stage actresses American women singers American musical theatre actresses American television actresses People from Manhattan Living people Actresses from New York City Singers from New York City Actresses from Massachusetts Musicians from Massachusetts People from Natick, Massachusetts Fordham University alumni Fordham University faculty Natick High School alumni Year of birth missing (living people) American women academics 21st-century American women

<mask> is an American actress, voice actress and singer who has appeared on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and in television and film. She has performed at a number of venues, including The White House, Town Hall, The Brooklyn Botanic Garden, The Emelin, and 54 Below. <mask> is a two-time Tony Award nominee for The Secret Garden and Romance/Romance, a Drama Desk Award nominee for both The Secret Garden and First Daughter Suite, and a Carbonell Award winner for Romance/Romance. <mask> won a Callaway Award for his work. She played "Tessie Tura" in the New York City Center and Broadway productions. She was the first ever recipient of Philadelphia's Barrymore Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of "The Blonde" in Gunmetal Blues under the direction of Jiri Zizka. She reprised her role as "The Blonde" in Gunmetal Blues.She played "Diana" in the opera, directed by David Saint. She played the original "Trina" in William Finn's March of the Falsettos and In Trousers. She worked on both shows. She played "Miss Drumgoole" in Todd Rundgren's adaptation of Up Against It and "Uta" in Charles Busch's The Green Heart. In 1988, she appeared on Broadway in Romance/Romance, a musical starring herself and Scott Bakula. <mask> was nominated for her first Tony Award. <mask> appeared in The Secret Garden in 1991.<mask> was nominated for a second Tony Award for originating the role of Martha. The Secret Garden had other people in it. <mask> is in the one-woman show A Tennessee Williams Songbook, which was conceived and directed by David Kaplan. The Tennessee Williams Festival in Columbus, Mississippi, where Williams was born, hosted the premiere of the show. Sh-K-Boom Records released an original cast album titled Tennessee Williams: Words and Music. Between the Lions was an award-winning PBS series that starred <mask> as "Babs Caplan". She has appeared on shows such as High Maintenance, Smash, Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, Happy!, and Third Watch.She played recurring roles in Jack in a Box and It Could Be Worse, both of which were written and produced by Michael Cyril Creighton. Socks and Bonds, Family Games, Blowtorch, commentary, Jack and His Friends, Me and Him, and Tommy Battles the Silver Sea Dragon are her feature films. The Bright Eyes music video for their song, First Day of My Life, was directed by her Secret Garden co-star. An interview with Anthony Newley was published in Time Out. <mask> appeared in several video games. She made three solo albums, A New York Romance, Men in My Life and Tennessee Williams: Words and Music. <mask> sang the National Anthem in 2004.<mask> was cast in an original play, Come Back, Come Back, Wherever You Are, by Arthur Laurents. The play had a Tony-winning actress in it. <mask> appeared in the world premiere of Tennessee Williams' final full-length play, In Masks Outrageous and Austere. <mask> was cast in Charles Busch's new comedy, The Divine Sister, which satirizes the cinematic portrayal of nuns. Sister Walburga was played by <mask>. The role of Arsinoe was originated by <mask>. <mask> joined the First National Tour of Wicked in the role of Madame Morrible.<mask> appeared in four episodes of Happyish in 2015. <mask> played Nancy Reagan and Betty Ford in the world premiere of Michael John LaChiusa's musical First Daughter Suite at the Public Theater. <mask> was nominated for two awards for her performance in the musical. <mask> performed a limited run of the new play Squeamish. The one woman show was presented by All For One Theater. Squeamish ran from October 6 to November 11. For Squeamish, <mask> was nominated for an Outer Critics Circle award.AudioFile named <mask> a recipient of its Earphones Award for her audiobook narration of Fierce Pose. <mask> graduated summa cum laude from Fordham University in the spring of 2010 and now teaches a musical theatre course. <mask> is the widow of composer and performer Benjamin Rush "Rusty" Magee, with whom she has one son, <mask> Magee, who is an editor in New York City. Theatre credits include In March of the Falsettos Falsettos Lady in the Dark Lips Together and The Mystery of Edwin Drood Secret Garden Up Against It The Green Heart Beehive Honk! Videogame 2008: Grand Theft Auto IV, The Crowd of Liberty City, and Mafia III are references.

55751954

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Ware

Ruth Ware

Ruth Ware (born 1977), alias for Ruth Warburton, is a British psychological crime thriller author. Her novels include In a Dark, Dark Wood (2015), The Woman in Cabin 10 (2016), The Lying Game (2017), The Death of Mrs Westaway (2018), The Turn of the Key (2019), and One By One (2020). Both In a Dark, Dark Wood and The Woman in Cabin 10 were on the U.K.'s Sunday Times and The New York Times top ten bestseller lists. She is represented by Eve White of the Eve White Literary Agency. She switched to Ruth Ware to distinguish her crime novels from the young adult fantasy novels published under her name, Ruth Warburton. Personal life Ruth Ware was born in 1977 and grew up in Lewes. She studied English at Manchester University, where she developed a fascination with Old English and Middle English texts. Before her writing career, Ware worked as a waitress, a bookseller and a publicist. She also spent time in Paris, teaching English as a foreign language. Ware now lives near Brighton. Early career Before embarking on her writing career as Ruth Ware, Ware wrote five young adult fantasy novels under the alias Ruth Warburton, all of which were published by Hodder's Children Books. A Witch Alone (2013) 978-1444904710 A Witch in Winter (2013) 978-1444904697 A Witch in Love (2013) 978-1444904703 Witch Finder (2014) 978-1444914467 Witch Hunt (2014) 978-1444914481 Writing style In her crime books, Ware's writing style is often compared to that of Agatha Christie. Ware has admitted to being unconsciously influenced by Christie and other mystery novelists of that time. Ware's protagonists are usually ordinary women who find themselves in dangerous situations involving a crime. The first two of Ware's novels feature a murder mystery with a group of people trapped, or otherwise restricted from immediately escaping the dangerous environment. Christie was famously known for utilizing this plot device, in novels such as Murder on the Orient Express. Ware and Christie both choose settings and situations that foster the sense of dread that propels their characters to paranoia and often they react violently as a result. These environments create a sense of isolation for the events to unfold in. Ware's settings play a key role in drawing in the reader and are just as essential and integral to her story as the characters. Works Ware has written six psychological thrillers, as of 2020: In a Dark, Dark Wood (2015) is about a woman who attends a bachelorette party (hen do) of a childhood friend whom she hasn't heard from in years. The party takes place in an isolated glass house in the woods and takes a turn for the worse. By the end of the weekend someone is dead and everyone is a suspect. The Woman in Cabin 10 (2016) is about Laura "Lo" Blacklock, a travel journalist who goes on the maiden voyage of the Aurora Borealis, a luxury cruise ship, for an assignment in the Norwegian fjords. Lo is on the trip to further her career, but everything changes when she witnesses what she believes to be woman being thrown overboard, yet all the passengers remain accounted for and no one believes her. The Lying Game (2017) revolves around four girls named Kate Atagon, Fatima Chaudhry (née Qureshy), Thea West, and Isa Wilde who attend a private boarding school called Salten House. At the school, they form a bond from a game of telling lies. The poor actions of the girls' boarding school days resurface years later when they receive a mysterious text from Kate asking them to return to the mill where they hung out as teenagers. The Death of Mrs Westaway (2018) is about Hal, a young tarot card reader, who receives a mysterious and large inheritance. When Hal attends the funeral of the deceased it becomes clear that she was not the intended recipient of the inheritance and that she has become involved in a dangerous mystery. The Turn of the Key (2019) is about a nanny and four children, written as if updating Henry James's The Turn of the Screw in a 21st-century setting. One by One (2020) revolves around the directors and shareholders of a hot new technology company on a corporate retreat at an exclusive ski resort to decide the future of the company. Tensions run high approaching a possible billion-dollar buyout as an avalanche cuts the chalet off from help, and one board member goes missing. Film and television adaptations Three of Ware's books have been optioned for screen. In a Dark, Dark Wood (2015): New Line Cinema has acquired film rights. Reese Witherspoon's Pacific Standard is attached to produce. The Woman in Cabin 10 (2016): CBS has acquired film rights, and is set to produce the film with the Gotham Group. Screenwriter Hillary Seitz is attached. The Lying Game (2017): Entertainment One has acquired television rights to The Lying Game. Accolades Ware's novels have won or been nominated for a number of awards and end-of-year lists: In a Dark, Dark Wood (2015) A BEA Buzz Panel selection An NPR best book of 2015 RT Reviewer's Choice Award for Best Suspense Novel The Woman in Cabin 10 (2016) Nominated for the 2016 Goodreads Choice Awards Best Mystery & Thriller 2016 Book of the Year Finalist selected by Book of the Month One by One (2020) Shortlisted for the 2021 Ian Fleming Steel Dagger Award at the Crime Writers Association Awards Critical reception Reviews of Ruth Ware's psychological crime thrillers have been generally positive. The Independent named In A Dark, Dark Wood as "this year's hottest crime novel". The Guardian praised In A Dark, Dark Wood'''s "excellent characterisation" and called the book's ending "mesmerising".The Independent described The Lying Game as "gripping enough to be devoured in a single sitting," in a four-star review. In a starred review, Kirkus Reviews''' writer said "cancel your plans for the weekend when you sit down with this book, because you won’t want to move until it’s over." References British crime writers 1977 births Living people Alumni of the University of Manchester People from Lewes Women crime writers 21st-century British novelists 21st-century British women writers British women novelists Pseudonymous women writers 21st-century pseudonymous writers

<mask> (born 1977), alias for <mask>, is a British psychological crime thriller author. Her novels include In a Dark, Dark Wood (2015), The Woman in Cabin 10 (2016), The Lying Game (2017), The Death of Mrs Westaway (2018), The Turn of the Key (2019), and One By One (2020). Both In a Dark, Dark Wood and The Woman in Cabin 10 were on the U.K.'s Sunday Times and The New York Times top ten bestseller lists. She is represented by Eve White of the Eve White Literary Agency. She switched to <mask> to distinguish her crime novels from the young adult fantasy novels published under her name, <mask>. Personal life <mask> was born in 1977 and grew up in Lewes. She studied English at Manchester University, where she developed a fascination with Old English and Middle English texts.Before her writing career, <mask> worked as a waitress, a bookseller and a publicist. She also spent time in Paris, teaching English as a foreign language. <mask> now lives near Brighton. Early career Before embarking on her writing career as <mask>, <mask> wrote five young adult fantasy novels under the alias <mask>, all of which were published by Hodder's Children Books. A Witch Alone (2013) 978-1444904710 A Witch in Winter (2013) 978-1444904697 A Witch in Love (2013) 978-1444904703 Witch Finder (2014) 978-1444914467 Witch Hunt (2014) 978-1444914481 Writing style In her crime books, <mask>'s writing style is often compared to that of Agatha Christie. <mask> has admitted to being unconsciously influenced by Christie and other mystery novelists of that time. <mask>'s protagonists are usually ordinary women who find themselves in dangerous situations involving a crime.The first two of <mask>'s novels feature a murder mystery with a group of people trapped, or otherwise restricted from immediately escaping the dangerous environment. Christie was famously known for utilizing this plot device, in novels such as Murder on the Orient Express. <mask> and Christie both choose settings and situations that foster the sense of dread that propels their characters to paranoia and often they react violently as a result. These environments create a sense of isolation for the events to unfold in. <mask>'s settings play a key role in drawing in the reader and are just as essential and integral to her story as the characters. Works <mask> has written six psychological thrillers, as of 2020: In a Dark, Dark Wood (2015) is about a woman who attends a bachelorette party (hen do) of a childhood friend whom she hasn't heard from in years. The party takes place in an isolated glass house in the woods and takes a turn for the worse.By the end of the weekend someone is dead and everyone is a suspect. The Woman in Cabin 10 (2016) is about Laura "Lo" Blacklock, a travel journalist who goes on the maiden voyage of the Aurora Borealis, a luxury cruise ship, for an assignment in the Norwegian fjords. Lo is on the trip to further her career, but everything changes when she witnesses what she believes to be woman being thrown overboard, yet all the passengers remain accounted for and no one believes her. The Lying Game (2017) revolves around four girls named Kate Atagon, Fatima Chaudhry (née Qureshy), Thea West, and Isa Wilde who attend a private boarding school called Salten House. At the school, they form a bond from a game of telling lies. The poor actions of the girls' boarding school days resurface years later when they receive a mysterious text from Kate asking them to return to the mill where they hung out as teenagers. The Death of Mrs Westaway (2018) is about Hal, a young tarot card reader, who receives a mysterious and large inheritance.When Hal attends the funeral of the deceased it becomes clear that she was not the intended recipient of the inheritance and that she has become involved in a dangerous mystery. The Turn of the Key (2019) is about a nanny and four children, written as if updating Henry James's The Turn of the Screw in a 21st-century setting. One by One (2020) revolves around the directors and shareholders of a hot new technology company on a corporate retreat at an exclusive ski resort to decide the future of the company. Tensions run high approaching a possible billion-dollar buyout as an avalanche cuts the chalet off from help, and one board member goes missing. Film and television adaptations Three of <mask>'s books have been optioned for screen. In a Dark, Dark Wood (2015): New Line Cinema has acquired film rights. Reese Witherspoon's Pacific Standard is attached to produce.The Woman in Cabin 10 (2016): CBS has acquired film rights, and is set to produce the film with the Gotham Group. Screenwriter Hillary Seitz is attached. The Lying Game (2017): Entertainment One has acquired television rights to The Lying Game. Accolades <mask>'s novels have won or been nominated for a number of awards and end-of-year lists: In a Dark, Dark Wood (2015) A BEA Buzz Panel selection An NPR best book of 2015 RT Reviewer's Choice Award for Best Suspense Novel The Woman in Cabin 10 (2016) Nominated for the 2016 Goodreads Choice Awards Best Mystery & Thriller 2016 Book of the Year Finalist selected by Book of the Month One by One (2020) Shortlisted for the 2021 Ian Fleming Steel Dagger Award at the Crime Writers Association Awards Critical reception Reviews of <mask>'s psychological crime thrillers have been generally positive. The Independent named In A Dark, Dark Wood as "this year's hottest crime novel". The Guardian praised In A Dark, Dark Wood'''s "excellent characterisation" and called the book's ending "mesmerising".The Independent described The Lying Game as "gripping enough to be devoured in a single sitting," in a four-star review. In a starred review, Kirkus Reviews''' writer said "cancel your plans for the weekend when you sit down with this book, because you won’t want to move until it’s over."References British crime writers 1977 births Living people Alumni of the University of Manchester People from Lewes Women crime writers 21st-century British novelists 21st-century British women writers British women novelists Pseudonymous women writers 21st-century pseudonymous writers

<mask> is a British psychological crime thriller author. In a Dark, Dark Wood is one of her novels. Both In a Dark, Dark Wood and The Woman in Cabin 10 were on the U.K.'s Sunday Times. Eve White of the Eve White Literary Agency represents her. She changed her name to <mask> to distinguish her crime novels from her young adult fantasy novels. <mask> was born in 1977 and grew up in Lewes. She became enamored with Old English and Middle English texts while studying English at Manchester University.Ware was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She taught English as a foreign language in Paris. Ware now lives in the area. Ware wrote five young adult fantasy novels under the name Ruth Warburton, all of which were published by Hodder's Children Books. Ware's writing style is often found in her crime books. Ware admitted to being influenced by Christie and other mystery novelists. Ordinary women find themselves in dangerous situations when they are involved in a crime.<mask>'s first two novels feature a murder mystery with a group of people trapped or otherwise restricted from escaping the dangerous environment. Christie used this plot device in Murder on the Orient Express. <mask> and Christie choose settings that foster the sense of dread that propels their characters to paranoia and often they react violently as a result. The environments create a sense of isolation. <mask>'s settings are just as important to her story as the characters are. In a Dark, Dark Wood is one of six psychological thrillers written by <mask>. The party takes place in an isolated glass house in the woods.Everyone is a suspect by the end of the weekend. Laura "Lo" Blacklock is a travel journalist who goes on the maiden voyage of the Aurora Borealis, a luxury cruise ship, for an assignment in the Norwegian fjords. All the passengers remain accounted for and no one believes her when she claims that she witnessed a woman being thrown into the water. Four girls named Kate Atagon, Fatima Chaudhry, Thea West, and Isa Wilde attend a private boarding school called Salten House. There is a game of telling lies at the school. The 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Hal, a young tarot card reader, received a large inheritance in The Death of Mrs Westaway.Hal was not the intended recipient of the inheritance and became involved in a dangerous mystery when she attended the funeral. The Turn of the Key is a novel written in a 21st-century setting about a nanny and four children. The directors and shareholders of a hot new technology company on a corporate retreat at an exclusive ski resort decide the future of the company. A board member goes missing and a possible billion-dollar buy out looms as tensions run high. <mask>'s books have been optioned for film and television. In a Dark, Dark Wood is a film by New Line Cinema. The Pacific Standard is attached to produce.The Woman in Cabin 10 is set to be produced by the Gotham Group. Hillary Seitz is attached. Entertainment One has the television rights to The Lying Game. Accolades <mask>'s novel In a Dark, Dark Wood has been nominated for a number of awards. In A Dark, Dark Wood is this year's hottest crime novel according to The Independent. The Lying Game was described as "gripping enough to be devoured in a single sitting" by the Independent. The writer of the starred review said "cancel your plans for the weekend when you sit down with this book, because you won't want to move until it's over."There are references to British crime writers from the University of Manchester.

7827226

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanche%20Ring

Blanche Ring

Blanche Ring (April 24, 1871 – January 13, 1961) was an American singer and actress in Broadway theatre productions, musicals, and Hollywood motion pictures. She was best known for her rendition of "In the Good Old Summer Time." Early life and family Ring was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to James H. Ring and Wilhelmena F. Ring. She came from show business stock. Her father was a comedian for 30 years and her grandfather James H. Ring, was a leading comedian of the Boston Museum company. Her great-great-grandfather, Charles Fisher, was also an actor and came to the United States from England. His wife was Josephine H. Shaw who was also an actress. He journeyed with theatrical caravans as far west as the Mississippi River. Her grandmother was Julie Fisher, a celebrated actress of her time. Her heritage was English-Irish-Scottish. In total, four generations of her ancestors were Shakespearean actors. Blanche was one of 5 daughters and one son born to the Rings. Several of Blanche's siblings were in the entertainment business and quickly became recognizable names in the industry. In fact, they often performed together or on the same playbill. Two of the Ring sisters, Grace and Sarah, were not performers. Blanche's sister Julie Ring became a stage actress. Julie married Albert H. Sutherland, a theatrical agent and former British actor. They had a son, A. Edward Sutherland, who became a film director in the United States. Albert H. Sutherland was a Theatrical and Vaudeville Agent in New York City. Julie's second marriage was to actor James Norval on November 9, 1914. They frequently appeared on stage together. She died in 1957. Her sister Frances Ring was married in 1909 to Thomas Meighan, the popular stage and later silent film actor. The Ring sisters' younger brother, Cyril Ring, was a freelance actor. He was the first husband of actress Charlotte Greenwood. He later married Ziegfeld Follies girl Molly Green in 1923; they had two daughters. Theater Musicals Miss Ring made her debut at age 16 in A Parisian Romance in 1887 with Shakespearean actor Richard Mansfield's theatrical company. Later she acted with Nat Goodwin and Chauncey Olcott. Her version of "In the Good Old Summertime" in 1902 was an instant hit. She followed this with another hit song "The Belle of Avenue A", performed in Tommy Rot, which was staged at Mrs. Osborn's Playhouse in New York City. Ring left the US for a tour of Europe including London, returning to America in 1904 where she became even more established as a favorite performer appearing at three notable venues belonging to vaudeville impresario F.F. Proctor including Proctor's Twenty-third Street Theater, Newark Theater and Fifth Avenue Theater. "I've Got Rings On My Fingers" was introduced when Blanche performed in The Midnight Sons in 1909. Her recording of the song for Victor Records is listed as one of Billboard's top hits of that year, along with her recordings of "Yip-I-Addy-I-Aye" and "The Billiken Man." Will Rogers spoke his first lines on stage in Ring's play The Wall Street Girl. In 1910, she recorded "Come Josephine in My Flying Machine" after introducing it in a Broadway show, and the song became one of her biggest hits. Among her other songs of note are "Bedelia" and "I'd Leave My Happy Home for You". The former was featured in The Jersey Lilly. During World War I, the singer was popular with "They're All Out of Step But Jim". Blanche Ring possessed a talent for mime. This helped her advance in musical revues and she was billed as "America's Favorite Singing Comedienne" as of 1918. Her impersonations were paired with those of Charles Winninger in the Passing Show of 1919, performed at the Winter Garden Theatre in New York City. 1930s Ring appeared as Mrs. Grace Draper in Strike Up the Band (1930) and she played Josie Huggins in Right This Way (1938). Dramas On the dramatic stage she appeared in Cradle Snatchers and as Mrs. Hawthorne in The Great Necker (1928). Her final stage performance was in her role as Rose Bertin in Madame Capet (1938); the production starred Eva Le Gallienne. Film Ring went to Hollywood in 1916 to star in the silent film The Yankee Girl. She has a brief role in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. She acted in the motion picture It's the Old Army Game (directed by her nephew Eddie Sutherland) with W.C. Fields in 1926. In 1940, Ring appeared as one of the featured vaudeville greats in the Bing Crosby picture, If I Had My Way (1940). Personal life Marriages The singer's personal life was tumultuous and not without scandal. In all, Blanche Ring was married five times and by her own admission she separated from several of her husbands for various reasons. All of Ring's marriages ended in divorce. Walter F. MacNichol - Ring had one son, Gordon Eliot MacNichol, by her first marriage to MacNichol, a theatrical manager. James Walker Jr. - Ring separated from Walker in 1898 and the couple divorced in 1904. Walker was from Somerville, Massachusetts and worked for the railroad. Edward Wentworth Frederick Edward McKay, her theatrical manager Charles Winninger - Ring first met Winninger a fellow actor in 1908 and they later appeared in "Broadway Whirl" together. The couple married in 1912 when Ring was 41. The couple separated in 1928; Winninger and Ring were not formally divorced until 1951. In the summer, Ring gravitated to nearby Westchester County for golf and the beaches. She liked to entertain fellow thespians and was known for throwing house parties attended by the likes of Douglas Fairbanks and Eddie Foy Sr.. At one time, Ring shared a home in Rye, New York with Winninger at 30 Oakland Beach Avenue where she remained until at least 1935. Previous to living in Rye, Ring had a country home in Mamaroneck across from the actress Ethel Barrymore and another in Larchmont at 28 Oak Avenue. Ring left New York in 1959 to live in Hollywood with her brother, Cyril. In May 1960 she attended a reunion of former Ziegfeld Follies girls. Blanche Ring was an honorary member of the Ziegfeld Club, though she never worked for Flo Ziegfeld. Legacy Ring died in a nursing home in Santa Monica, California in 1961, aged 89. She had been in poor health for two years following a stroke in 1958. Her interment was in Holy Cross Cemetery, following a rosary which was recited in the Church of the Good Shepherd, in Beverly Hills, California. Blanche's nieces and nephews followed the family's tradition for careers in theater and music. Her great-niece is conductor Jane Ring Frank. Note In the film Somewhere in Time (1980), Christopher Reeve plays a journalist who researches a fictional Edwardian actress in a hotel's library, and finds some theatrical photos. Reeve pulls out a photo of three little girls together. The girls are Blanche Ring and her sisters Julie and Frances. The same photo appears under Blanche Ring's biography in Daniel Blum's book Great Stars of the American Stage (1954). References External links Collected Recordings of Blanche Ring Photo of Blanche Ring at Moviecard Blanche Ring on the cover of THE THEATRE magazine September 1910 Blanche Ring; Victor discography, complete Catalog with sister Julie, 1951(Wayback Machine) Blanche Ring posing in or driving her Darracq motorcar circa 1910 Blanche Ring at the Discography of American Historical Recordings American silent film actresses American women singers 19th-century American actresses American stage actresses American people of English descent American people of Irish descent American people of Scottish descent Musicians from Santa Monica, California Actresses from Boston 1871 births 1961 deaths Vaudeville performers 20th-century American actresses Actresses from Santa Monica, California Singers from California Fisher family (acting)

<mask> (April 24, 1871 – January 13, 1961) was an American singer and actress in Broadway theatre productions, musicals, and Hollywood motion pictures. She was best known for her rendition of "In the Good Old Summer Time." Early life and family <mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to James H<mask> and Wilhelmena F<mask>. She came from show business stock. Her father was a comedian for 30 years and her grandfather James H<mask>, was a leading comedian of the Boston Museum company. Her great-great-grandfather, Charles Fisher, was also an actor and came to the United States from England. His wife was Josephine H. Shaw who was also an actress.He journeyed with theatrical caravans as far west as the Mississippi River. Her grandmother was Julie Fisher, a celebrated actress of her time. Her heritage was English-Irish-Scottish. In total, four generations of her ancestors were Shakespearean actors. <mask> was one of 5 daughters and one son born to the Rings. Several of <mask>'s siblings were in the entertainment business and quickly became recognizable names in the industry. In fact, they often performed together or on the same playbill.Two of the <mask> sisters, Grace and Sarah, were not performers. <mask>'s sister <mask> became a stage actress. Julie married Albert H. Sutherland, a theatrical agent and former British actor. They had a son, A. Edward Sutherland, who became a film director in the United States. Albert H. Sutherland was a Theatrical and Vaudeville Agent in New York City. Julie's second marriage was to actor James Norval on November 9, 1914. They frequently appeared on stage together.She died in 1957. Her sister <mask> was married in 1909 to Thomas Meighan, the popular stage and later silent film actor. The <mask> sisters' younger brother, <mask>, was a freelance actor. He was the first husband of actress Charlotte Greenwood. He later married Ziegfeld Follies girl Molly Green in 1923; they had two daughters. Theater Musicals Miss <mask> made her debut at age 16 in A Parisian Romance in 1887 with Shakespearean actor Richard Mansfield's theatrical company. Later she acted with Nat Goodwin and Chauncey Olcott.Her version of "In the Good Old Summertime" in 1902 was an instant hit. She followed this with another hit song "The Belle of Avenue A", performed in Tommy Rot, which was staged at Mrs. Osborn's Playhouse in New York City. <mask> left the US for a tour of Europe including London, returning to America in 1904 where she became even more established as a favorite performer appearing at three notable venues belonging to vaudeville impresario F.F. Proctor including Proctor's Twenty-third Street Theater, Newark Theater and Fifth Avenue Theater. "I've Got Rings On My Fingers" was introduced when <mask> performed in The Midnight Sons in 1909. Her recording of the song for Victor Records is listed as one of Billboard's top hits of that year, along with her recordings of "Yip-I-Addy-I-Aye" and "The Billiken Man." Will Rogers spoke his first lines on stage in <mask>'s play The Wall Street Girl.In 1910, she recorded "Come Josephine in My Flying Machine" after introducing it in a Broadway show, and the song became one of her biggest hits. Among her other songs of note are "Bedelia" and "I'd Leave My Happy Home for You". The former was featured in The Jersey Lilly. During World War I, the singer was popular with "They're All Out of Step But Jim". <mask> possessed a talent for mime. This helped her advance in musical revues and she was billed as "America's Favorite Singing Comedienne" as of 1918. Her impersonations were paired with those of Charles Winninger in the Passing Show of 1919, performed at the Winter Garden Theatre in New York City.1930s <mask> appeared as Mrs. Grace Draper in Strike Up the Band (1930) and she played Josie Huggins in Right This Way (1938). Dramas On the dramatic stage she appeared in Cradle Snatchers and as Mrs. Hawthorne in The Great Necker (1928). Her final stage performance was in her role as Rose Bertin in Madame Capet (1938); the production starred Eva Le Gallienne. Film <mask> went to Hollywood in 1916 to star in the silent film The Yankee Girl. She has a brief role in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. She acted in the motion picture It's the Old Army Game (directed by her nephew Eddie Sutherland) with W.C. Fields in 1926. In 1940, <mask> appeared as one of the featured vaudeville greats in the Bing Crosby picture, If I Had My Way (1940).Personal life Marriages The singer's personal life was tumultuous and not without scandal. In all, <mask> was married five times and by her own admission she separated from several of her husbands for various reasons. All of <mask>'s marriages ended in divorce. Walter F. MacNichol - <mask> had one son, Gordon Eliot MacNichol, by her first marriage to MacNichol, a theatrical manager. James Walker Jr. - <mask> separated from Walker in 1898 and the couple divorced in 1904. Walker was from Somerville, Massachusetts and worked for the railroad. Edward Wentworth Frederick Edward McKay, her theatrical manager Charles Winninger - <mask> first met Winninger a fellow actor in 1908 and they later appeared in "Broadway Whirl" together.The couple married in 1912 when <mask> was 41. The couple separated in 1928; Winninger and <mask> were not formally divorced until 1951. In the summer, <mask> gravitated to nearby Westchester County for golf and the beaches. She liked to entertain fellow thespians and was known for throwing house parties attended by the likes of Douglas Fairbanks and Eddie Foy Sr.. At one time, <mask> shared a home in Rye, New York with Winninger at 30 Oakland Beach Avenue where she remained until at least 1935. Previous to living in Rye, <mask> had a country home in Mamaroneck across from the actress Ethel Barrymore and another in Larchmont at 28 Oak Avenue. <mask> left New York in 1959 to live in Hollywood with her brother, Cyril. In May 1960 she attended a reunion of former Ziegfeld Follies girls.<mask> was an honorary member of the Ziegfeld Club, though she never worked for Flo Ziegfeld. Legacy <mask> died in a nursing home in Santa Monica, California in 1961, aged 89. She had been in poor health for two years following a stroke in 1958. Her interment was in Holy Cross Cemetery, following a rosary which was recited in the Church of the Good Shepherd, in Beverly Hills, California. <mask>'s nieces and nephews followed the family's tradition for careers in theater and music. Her great-niece is conductor <mask> Frank. Note In the film Somewhere in Time (1980), Christopher Reeve plays a journalist who researches a fictional Edwardian actress in a hotel's library, and finds some theatrical photos.Reeve pulls out a photo of three little girls together. The girls are <mask> and her sisters Julie and Frances. The same photo appears under <mask>'s biography in Daniel Blum's book Great Stars of the American Stage (1954). References External links Collected Recordings of <mask> Ring Photo of <mask> at Moviecard Blanche Ring on the cover of THE THEATRE magazine September 1910 <mask>; Victor discography, complete Catalog with sister Julie, 1951(Wayback Machine) <mask> posing in or driving her Darracq motorcar circa 1910 <mask> at the Discography of American Historical Recordings American silent film actresses American women singers 19th-century American actresses American stage actresses American people of English descent American people of Irish descent American people of Scottish descent Musicians from Santa Monica, California Actresses from Boston 1871 births 1961 deaths Vaudeville performers 20th-century American actresses Actresses from Santa Monica, California Singers from California Fisher family (acting)

<mask> was an American singer and actress who worked in Broadway theatre productions, musicals, and Hollywood motion pictures. She was known for her song "In the Good Old Summer Time." <mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to James H<mask> and Wilhelmena F<mask>. She was from the show business. Her grandfather was a leading comedian for the Boston Museum company. Charles Fisher came to the United States from England. Josephine H. Shaw was also an actress.As far west as the Mississippi River, he traveled with theatrical caravans. Julie Fisher was a celebrated actress of her time. Her ancestors were English-Irish-Scottish. Four generations of her ancestors were Shakespearean actors. One of the daughters was born to the Rings. Several of <mask>'s siblings were in the entertainment business. They often performed on the same playbill.Grace and Sarah weren't performers. <mask> was a stage actress. Albert H. Sutherland was a theatrical agent and former British actor. They had a son who became a film director. Albert H. Sutherland was a Vaudeville agent in New York City. James Norval married Julie on November 9, 1914. They often appeared on stage together.She died in 1957. The sister of 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Cyril Ring was the younger brother of the Ring sisters. He was the first husband of Charlotte. He married Molly Green in 1923 and they had two daughters. Miss Ring made her debut in A Parisian Romance at the age of 16. She acted with Nat and Chauncey.Her version of "In the Good Old Summertime" was a hit. She followed this with another hit song, "The Belle of Avenue A", which was performed at Mrs. Osborn's Playhouse in New York City. <mask> left the US for a tour of Europe including London in 1904, returning to America where she became even more established as a favorite performer appearing at three notable venues belonging to vaudeville impresario F.F. The theater includes the Twenty-third Street Theater, Newark Theater and Fifth Avenue Theater. In 1909, "I've Got Rings On My Fingers" was introduced by <mask> in The Midnight Sons. Her recordings of "Yip-I-Addy-I-Aye" and "The Billiken Man" made it to the top of the charts. Will Rogers spoke his first lines in The Wall Street Girl."Come Josephine in My Flying Machine" became one of her biggest hits after she recorded it in 1910. Her other songs include "Bedelia" and "I'd Leave My Happy Home for You". The latter was in The Jersey Lilly. The singer had a hit with "They're All Out of Step But Jim". <mask> had a talent for mime. She was billed as "America's Favorite Singing Comedienne" as of 1918. Charles Winninger's Passing Show of 1919 was performed at the Winter Garden Theatre in New York City.<mask> appeared in Strike Up the Band and Right This Way. She played Mrs. Hawthorne in The Great Necker. Her final performance was in Madame Capet, in which she played Rose Bertin. Film <mask> was in a silent film called The Yankee Girl. There is a brief role for her in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. She acted in the movie It's the Old Army Game with W.C. Fields. <mask> appeared in the Bing Crosby picture, If I Had My Way, in 1940.There was scandal in the singer's personal life. By her own admission, she separated from several of her husbands because of a variety of reasons. <mask>'s marriages ended in divorce. Gordon Eliot MacNichol was <mask>'s only child by her first marriage to Walter F. MacNichol, a theatrical manager. <mask> and James Walker Jr. divorced in 1904. Walker was from Massachusetts and worked for the railroad. <mask> first met Winninger a fellow actor in 1908 and they later appeared in "Broadway Whirl" together.<mask> and the couple were married in 1912. Winninger and <mask> were not officially divorced until 1951. <mask> preferred the beaches and golf in Westchester County during the summer. <mask> shared a home in New York with Winninger at 30 Oakland Beach Avenue, where she resided until at least 1935. <mask> had a country home in Mamaroneck across from the actress, and another in Larchmont. <mask> and her brother, Cyril, lived in Hollywood. She attended a reunion of former Follies girls.She never worked for Flo Ziegfeld, but she was a member of the Ziegfeld Club. In 1961, <mask> died in a nursing home. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Her interment took place in Holy Cross Cemetery in Beverly Hills, California. The family has a tradition of careers in theater and music. Her great-niece is a conductor. Christopher Reeve plays a journalist in the film Somewhere in Time who is researching a fictional actress in a hotel's library.There is a photo of three little girls. The girls are <mask> sisters. Daniel Blum's book Great Stars of the American Stage contains a photo of the same person. On the cover of THE THEATRE magazine in September 1910, there was a picture of <mask> posing in or driving her Darracq motorcar.

64618455

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grete%20Walter

Grete Walter

Grete Walter (22 February 1913 - 21 October 1935) was a German resistance activist during the Hitler years. She committed suicide by throwing herself from the third floor of a stairwell following a particularly brutal interrogation session at the Security Services' Main Office in Berlin. Life Provenance and early years Margarete "Grete" Walter was born in Berlin, the second of her parents' three daughters. Her father was a coach driver. Her mother worked as a domestic servant. Later her father was able to set himself up in business with a little dairy. Money was tight and the work running the dairy was hard, but while they were young, the girls' mother was able to focus on their upbringing. She ensured that the girls attended school regularly and prepared for secure futures. Grete attended a business-focused secondary school (...Handelsschule) and trained for office work. She was still only 15 when she took her first job in 1928, starting out with the Berlin wholesale foods operation of the venerable foods conglomerate, Kathreiner AG. Grete Walter appears to have inherited her politics from her mother: two of her maternal uncles were metal workers and, like many working in that sector, Communist Party members. There are strong indications that her father, by contrast, was either uninterested in politics or else that, in common with many "small businessmen", his political views tended in a very different direction from those of his wife and her brothers. 1928, the year during which she took her first job, was also the year in which Grete Walter joined the Young Communists. She eagerly participated in the creation of a Young Communist cell at her work place: the focus for the group, inevitably, was on recruiting the youngest in the workforce, including apprentices. Walter also applied her enthusiasm and writing skills in "Die Kathreiner Mühle", a news sheet distributed to colleagues which did not hesitate to criticise the company's methods. The publication appears to have been a team effort, but she certainly contributed both to the texts and to its production and distribution. The extent to which management were aware of her involvement only became apparent a little later. The backwash from the Wall Street Crash arrived with great force in western Europe: in Germany, in particular, industrial demand slumped and unemployment surged. In 1930 Kathreiner AG imposed job cuts. The energetic young communist was among the first to be lose her job. The (political) opportunities of unemployment Walter experienced great difficulty in her search for another job. There are suggestions that she had been informally blacklisted. She did, however, find herself with more time on her hands for political activities. She undertook "communist youth work" in Berlin-Neukölln, the city quarter in which she lived. She was an enthusiastic singer and pianist, and particularly loved to play with the workers' children belonging to the Young Spartacus League, In 1930, two years after joining the Young Communists (with which she would continue to engage actively), Grete Walter joined the Communist Party itself, apparently without daring to tell her parents that she had done so. Her political talents and commitment had, however, been noticed elsewhere. She received and happily accepted an invitation passed on the by Young Communists' Central Committee that she should spend a year in Moscow. During 1930/31 Grete Walter spent a year in Moscow, attending the International Lenin School and seeing for herself the first country in the world where a genuine attempt to build a true socialist society was under way. She returned to Neukölln in the summer of 1931 and became a member of the Young Communists district leadership team ("Bezirksleitung"). The economic situation had deteriorated further, with millions unemployed, and mass-poverty an intensifying problem. Politics were spilling onto the streets and becoming ever more polarised. With uniformed National Socialist populists an increasing presence on the city streets, and Grete Walter's own political involvement apparently no secret to anyone, it remained impossible for her to find paid employment. Her youthful political career progressed, however: she was soon recruited onto the Young Communists regional leadership team for Berlin, while continuing her work with children. It was, according to one source, a reflection of her positivity and joyous energy that the children called her "Pferdchen" ("Little Horse"). Neukölln was known as a district in which many Communists and Socialists were living: during 1932 it was increasingly on the receiving end of visits from gangs of National Socialist paramilitaries. Fights were not infrequent. With her comrades Grete Walter was successful in ensuring that working class youngsters in the area were not excessively influenced by the fascists. It became evident early in 1933 that her involvement had nevertheless been noted. 1933 At the start of 1933 Walter was herself elected to membership of the Young Communist Central Committee, becoming its youngest member. At the same time the Hitler government, exploiting the political polarisation and parliamentary deadlock which the National Socialists had done much to exacerbate, took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Political activity in support of the Communist Party immediately became dangerous and after a few weeks also illegal. But Walter continued to distribute (illegal) publications including "Die Kathreiner-Mühle" and "Rotes Kabel". A rapid wave of arrests took place on 27/28 February 1933, the night of the Reichstag Fire and during the ensuing 24 hours. Grete Walter was among those rounded up, becoming one of the first women in Berlin to be arrested by the security services following the Hitler take-over. The questioning lasted for a number of days: the beatings becoming increasingly violent and the complementary tortures ever more brutal. Her interrogators wanted names: Walter remained silent. Following her release her mother spent several days treating her cuts and bruises with compresses. Kabelwerk Oberspree Several weeks after her release Grete Walter finally found a job, employed as a winder ("Wicklerin") at the Oberspree Cables and Leads factory ("Kabelwerk Oberspree" - at that time was still owned by the AEG conglomerate). She very soon teamed up with co-workers to organise anti-government resistance. Their activities included the setting up of an illegal youth group which at slightly irregular intervals produced and distributed a version of the "Rotes Kabel" newspaper. The authors of the newspaper repeatedly highlighted government lies and hypocrisies. The destruction by government of political and social rights together with democratic liberties was constantly condemned. Walter also campaigned on behalf of colleagues dismissed from the factory because they had been identified as Jewish. She was one of those who carefully distributed copies of the "communist company newspaper" in the lockers and to the work stations of colleagues. It is impossible to know how much the company knew of Walter's illegal political activities in the factory, or how uniform the attitudes of individual company managers would have been to the extent of whatever they did know. The security services clearly had their suspicions from somewhere, and during June 1934 they re-arrested her. Again, they wanted the names of fellow activists: they also wanted to know more about Walter's own activities. Thanks to the loyal discretion of her comrades and her own refusal to succumb to their interrogation techniques, they were unable to prove anything against her, however, and she was again released. According to at least one source she was arrested several times during 1934, and badly tortured. Her sister Lisa later testified movingly to her physically broken state when she returned home following one of these interrogation sessions, but in terms of divulging what the security services wished to hear, she never broke, and once released she would return to her "illegal [political] work". Conscription for farm work Early in 1935 Walter was conscripted for farm work and sent to Wahlendow (Anklam), a remote village a couple of kilometers inland, along the coastal flatlands of Pomerania. Her fellow farm girl conscripts elected her as their "Vertrauensmädchen", an informal representational role which evidently involved presenting the concerns of the young people to those in a position to do something about them. She secured management compliance by management with working hours regulations, adequate food and reasonable accommodation. Her effectiveness as an impromptu negotiator was enhanced by her experience in antifascist resistance groups. Walter succeeded in keeping in touch with contacts in Berlin and abroad, although the modalities underpinning these networking activities are unclear. It has become evident that her correspondence was monitored to the police, and she evidently remained the object of suspicion on the part of the authorities. Arrest and suicide It is not clear whether Grete Walter's co-workers on the farm knew about her Communist connections: she certainly made no secret of her rejection of Germany's recently installed fascist government. Obviously one of those with whom she shared these opinions was a spy, who passed on details of Walter's opinions to the security services. Grete Walter was arrested again on 9 October 1935, and immediately conveyed back to Berlin. On the afternoon of 21 October 1935, as Grete's sister Johanna wrote, "a police official ... appeared before my mother and delivered a telegramme: 'Daughter Margaret Walter arrested and committed suicide'". The next morning Lisa and Johanna, the two surviving sisters, visited the vast court complex at Berlin-Moabit, in order to try and find out more. It turned out that during the twelve days between her arrest and her suicide Grete Walter had been subjected to intensive and sustained torture by the security services: although details remain sketchy it was inferred that it was torture that drove Grete Walter, still aged only 22, to commit suicide. Another source spells out the conclusion that it was the terror that she might be forced, through torture, to betray resistance activist comrades, that drove Grete Walter to take her own life. According to another source, it remains unknown whether she was actually tortured during those twelve days, but on 21 October 1935 records indicate that she had made a partial confession a few hours before fatally launching herself from the third floor during a break in her interrogation. Public celebration after 1945 During the twelve Hitler years Grete Walter's fate was little known, but her family preserved her memory. It is a tribute to her sisters' courage in finding out as much as they did about what had happened that after 1945 her story became more widely known. By this time the western two thirds of Germany was divided into four military occupation zones. Berlin was surrounded by a large region administered as the Soviet occupation zone which in October 1949 was relaunched as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany), a new kind of German one-party dictatorship. Grete Walter was a well documented larger than life attractive young woman, barely more than a child, widely loved and admired during her lifetime, which had been topped off with a heroic death triggered by the abusive conduct of the Nazi security services. There is a "Grete-Walter-Straße" ("Grete Walter Street") in Milz and another in Cottbus. Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg has a "Margarete-Walter-Straße". A relatively recent residential development in Schleibnitz, a village in the Wanzleben-Börde administrative district, a short distance to the west of Magdeburg, also includes a "Grete-Walther-Straße", complete with the erroneous insertion of an "h" in the name "Walt(h)er". Between 1949 and 1989 seven East German Polytechnic Secondary Schools were named after Grete Walter, in Berlin-Weissensee, Geising, Georgenthal, Greifswald, Schwarzheide, Schwepnitz and Wustrow In the school yard at the Polytechnic Secondary School in Greifswald-Eldena a memorial stone was also placed, bearing the inscription "The antifascist resistance fighters", which on 4 February 1978 was formally "consecrated" to the honoured memory of the woman after the school had been named. The memorial was removed when the old school buildings were controversially torn down and replaced with a shopping centre, following reunification, however. There are children's care institutions named after Grete Walter in Wismar and Polvitz, along with a youth hostel in Stralsund and a children's holiday centre in Sebnitz. In the "VEB Kabelwerk Oberspree", which occupied the space taken by the vast AEG Cable factory when Grete Walter worked there during 1933-1935, a State Youth Organisation (FDJ) branch was installed and named after her. Werk für Fernsehelektronik, the huge television manufacturer in Berlin-Oberschöneweide, had a company holiday complex in Dierhagen-Neuhaus on the North Sea coast that was named after Grete Walter. An Artur Becker type feeder trawler was recently named after her. In a little ceremony that took place on 14 November 2009, in response to an initiative by the VVN-BdA, the Cologne-based artist and Stolperstein ambassador, Gunter Demnig, fixed a Stolperstein memorial in the pavement/sidewalk outside the house at Fuldastraße 12 in Berlin-Neukölln which was Grete Walter's home at the time of her final arrest. In the Burg the "Jugendwerkhof", during the German Democratic Republic era, there was a group named after her. Notes References 1913 births 1935 deaths People from Berlin Communist Party of Germany members International Lenin School alumni Communists in the German Resistance German torture victims Suicides by jumping in Germany 1935 suicides Lists of stolpersteine in Germany

<mask> (22 February 1913 - 21 October 1935) was a German resistance activist during the Hitler years. She committed suicide by throwing herself from the third floor of a stairwell following a particularly brutal interrogation session at the Security Services' Main Office in Berlin. Life Provenance and early years Margarete "<mask>" <mask> was born in Berlin, the second of her parents' three daughters. Her father was a coach driver. Her mother worked as a domestic servant. Later her father was able to set himself up in business with a little dairy. Money was tight and the work running the dairy was hard, but while they were young, the girls' mother was able to focus on their upbringing.She ensured that the girls attended school regularly and prepared for secure futures. Grete attended a business-focused secondary school (...Handelsschule) and trained for office work. She was still only 15 when she took her first job in 1928, starting out with the Berlin wholesale foods operation of the venerable foods conglomerate, Kathreiner AG. <mask> <mask> appears to have inherited her politics from her mother: two of her maternal uncles were metal workers and, like many working in that sector, Communist Party members. There are strong indications that her father, by contrast, was either uninterested in politics or else that, in common with many "small businessmen", his political views tended in a very different direction from those of his wife and her brothers. 1928, the year during which she took her first job, was also the year in which <mask> <mask> joined the Young Communists. She eagerly participated in the creation of a Young Communist cell at her work place: the focus for the group, inevitably, was on recruiting the youngest in the workforce, including apprentices.<mask> also applied her enthusiasm and writing skills in "Die Kathreiner Mühle", a news sheet distributed to colleagues which did not hesitate to criticise the company's methods. The publication appears to have been a team effort, but she certainly contributed both to the texts and to its production and distribution. The extent to which management were aware of her involvement only became apparent a little later. The backwash from the Wall Street Crash arrived with great force in western Europe: in Germany, in particular, industrial demand slumped and unemployment surged. In 1930 Kathreiner AG imposed job cuts. The energetic young communist was among the first to be lose her job. The (political) opportunities of unemployment <mask> experienced great difficulty in her search for another job.There are suggestions that she had been informally blacklisted. She did, however, find herself with more time on her hands for political activities. She undertook "communist youth work" in Berlin-Neukölln, the city quarter in which she lived. She was an enthusiastic singer and pianist, and particularly loved to play with the workers' children belonging to the Young Spartacus League, In 1930, two years after joining the Young Communists (with which she would continue to engage actively), <mask> <mask> joined the Communist Party itself, apparently without daring to tell her parents that she had done so. Her political talents and commitment had, however, been noticed elsewhere. She received and happily accepted an invitation passed on the by Young Communists' Central Committee that she should spend a year in Moscow. During 1930/31 <mask> <mask> spent a year in Moscow, attending the International Lenin School and seeing for herself the first country in the world where a genuine attempt to build a true socialist society was under way.She returned to Neukölln in the summer of 1931 and became a member of the Young Communists district leadership team ("Bezirksleitung"). The economic situation had deteriorated further, with millions unemployed, and mass-poverty an intensifying problem. Politics were spilling onto the streets and becoming ever more polarised. With uniformed National Socialist populists an increasing presence on the city streets, and <mask> <mask>'s own political involvement apparently no secret to anyone, it remained impossible for her to find paid employment. Her youthful political career progressed, however: she was soon recruited onto the Young Communists regional leadership team for Berlin, while continuing her work with children. It was, according to one source, a reflection of her positivity and joyous energy that the children called her "Pferdchen" ("Little Horse"). Neukölln was known as a district in which many Communists and Socialists were living: during 1932 it was increasingly on the receiving end of visits from gangs of National Socialist paramilitaries.Fights were not infrequent. With her comrades <mask> <mask> was successful in ensuring that working class youngsters in the area were not excessively influenced by the fascists. It became evident early in 1933 that her involvement had nevertheless been noted. 1933 At the start of 1933 <mask> was herself elected to membership of the Young Communist Central Committee, becoming its youngest member. At the same time the Hitler government, exploiting the political polarisation and parliamentary deadlock which the National Socialists had done much to exacerbate, took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Political activity in support of the Communist Party immediately became dangerous and after a few weeks also illegal. But <mask> continued to distribute (illegal) publications including "Die Kathreiner-Mühle" and "Rotes Kabel".A rapid wave of arrests took place on 27/28 February 1933, the night of the Reichstag Fire and during the ensuing 24 hours. <mask> <mask> was among those rounded up, becoming one of the first women in Berlin to be arrested by the security services following the Hitler take-over. The questioning lasted for a number of days: the beatings becoming increasingly violent and the complementary tortures ever more brutal. Her interrogators wanted names: <mask> remained silent. Following her release her mother spent several days treating her cuts and bruises with compresses. Kabelwerk Oberspree Several weeks after her release <mask> <mask> finally found a job, employed as a winder ("Wicklerin") at the Oberspree Cables and Leads factory ("Kabelwerk Oberspree" - at that time was still owned by the AEG conglomerate). She very soon teamed up with co-workers to organise anti-government resistance.Their activities included the setting up of an illegal youth group which at slightly irregular intervals produced and distributed a version of the "Rotes Kabel" newspaper. The authors of the newspaper repeatedly highlighted government lies and hypocrisies. The destruction by government of political and social rights together with democratic liberties was constantly condemned. <mask> also campaigned on behalf of colleagues dismissed from the factory because they had been identified as Jewish. She was one of those who carefully distributed copies of the "communist company newspaper" in the lockers and to the work stations of colleagues. It is impossible to know how much the company knew of <mask>'s illegal political activities in the factory, or how uniform the attitudes of individual company managers would have been to the extent of whatever they did know. The security services clearly had their suspicions from somewhere, and during June 1934 they re-arrested her.Again, they wanted the names of fellow activists: they also wanted to know more about <mask>'s own activities. Thanks to the loyal discretion of her comrades and her own refusal to succumb to their interrogation techniques, they were unable to prove anything against her, however, and she was again released. According to at least one source she was arrested several times during 1934, and badly tortured. Her sister Lisa later testified movingly to her physically broken state when she returned home following one of these interrogation sessions, but in terms of divulging what the security services wished to hear, she never broke, and once released she would return to her "illegal [political] work". Conscription for farm work Early in 1935 <mask> was conscripted for farm work and sent to Wahlendow (Anklam), a remote village a couple of kilometers inland, along the coastal flatlands of Pomerania. Her fellow farm girl conscripts elected her as their "Vertrauensmädchen", an informal representational role which evidently involved presenting the concerns of the young people to those in a position to do something about them. She secured management compliance by management with working hours regulations, adequate food and reasonable accommodation.Her effectiveness as an impromptu negotiator was enhanced by her experience in antifascist resistance groups. <mask> succeeded in keeping in touch with contacts in Berlin and abroad, although the modalities underpinning these networking activities are unclear. It has become evident that her correspondence was monitored to the police, and she evidently remained the object of suspicion on the part of the authorities. Arrest and suicide It is not clear whether <mask> <mask>'s co-workers on the farm knew about her Communist connections: she certainly made no secret of her rejection of Germany's recently installed fascist government. Obviously one of those with whom she shared these opinions was a spy, who passed on details of <mask>'s opinions to the security services. <mask> <mask> was arrested again on 9 October 1935, and immediately conveyed back to Berlin. On the afternoon of 21 October 1935, as Grete's sister Johanna wrote, "a police official ... appeared before my mother and delivered a telegramme: 'Daughter <mask> arrested and committed suicide'".The next morning Lisa and Johanna, the two surviving sisters, visited the vast court complex at Berlin-Moabit, in order to try and find out more. It turned out that during the twelve days between her arrest and her suicide <mask> <mask> had been subjected to intensive and sustained torture by the security services: although details remain sketchy it was inferred that it was torture that drove <mask> <mask>, still aged only 22, to commit suicide. Another source spells out the conclusion that it was the terror that she might be forced, through torture, to betray resistance activist comrades, that drove Grete <mask> to take her own life. According to another source, it remains unknown whether she was actually tortured during those twelve days, but on 21 October 1935 records indicate that she had made a partial confession a few hours before fatally launching herself from the third floor during a break in her interrogation. Public celebration after 1945 During the twelve Hitler years <mask> <mask>'s fate was little known, but her family preserved her memory. It is a tribute to her sisters' courage in finding out as much as they did about what had happened that after 1945 her story became more widely known. By this time the western two thirds of Germany was divided into four military occupation zones.Berlin was surrounded by a large region administered as the Soviet occupation zone which in October 1949 was relaunched as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany), a new kind of German one-party dictatorship. <mask> <mask> was a well documented larger than life attractive young woman, barely more than a child, widely loved and admired during her lifetime, which had been topped off with a heroic death triggered by the abusive conduct of the Nazi security services. There is a "Grete-Walter-Straße" ("Grete Walter Street") in Milz and another in Cottbus. Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg has a "Margarete-Walter-Straße". A relatively recent residential development in Schleibnitz, a village in the Wanzleben-Börde administrative district, a short distance to the west of Magdeburg, also includes a "Grete-Walther-Straße", complete with the erroneous insertion of an "h" in the name "Walt(h)er". Between 1949 and 1989 seven East German Polytechnic Secondary Schools were named after Grete <mask>, in Berlin-Weissensee, Geising, Georgenthal, Greifswald, Schwarzheide, Schwepnitz and Wustrow In the school yard at the Polytechnic Secondary School in Greifswald-Eldena a memorial stone was also placed, bearing the inscription "The antifascist resistance fighters", which on 4 February 1978 was formally "consecrated" to the honoured memory of the woman after the school had been named. The memorial was removed when the old school buildings were controversially torn down and replaced with a shopping centre, following reunification, however.There are children's care institutions named after <mask> <mask> in Wismar and Polvitz, along with a youth hostel in Stralsund and a children's holiday centre in Sebnitz. In the "VEB Kabelwerk Oberspree", which occupied the space taken by the vast AEG Cable factory when <mask> <mask> worked there during 1933-1935, a State Youth Organisation (FDJ) branch was installed and named after her. Werk für Fernsehelektronik, the huge television manufacturer in Berlin-Oberschöneweide, had a company holiday complex in Dierhagen-Neuhaus on the North Sea coast that was named after Grete <mask>. An Artur Becker type feeder trawler was recently named after her. In a little ceremony that took place on 14 November 2009, in response to an initiative by the VVN-BdA, the Cologne-based artist and Stolperstein ambassador, Gunter Demnig, fixed a Stolperstein memorial in the pavement/sidewalk outside the house at Fuldastraße 12 in Berlin-Neukölln which was <mask> <mask>'s home at the time of her final arrest. In the Burg the "Jugendwerkhof", during the German Democratic Republic era, there was a group named after her. Notes References 1913 births 1935 deaths People from Berlin Communist Party of Germany members International Lenin School alumni Communists in the German Resistance German torture victims Suicides by jumping in Germany 1935 suicides Lists of stolpersteine in Germany

<mask> was a German resistance activist during the Hitler years. After a particularly brutal interrogation session at the Security Services' Main Office in Berlin, she committed suicide by throwing herself from the third floor of a stairwell. Margarete "<mask>" <mask> was the second of her parents' three daughters. Her father worked as a coach driver. Her mother was a domestic servant. Her father was able to start his own business. Money was tight and the work running the dairy was hard, but the girls' mother was able to focus on their upbringing.She made sure that the girls attended school regularly. Grete was trained for office work after attending a business focused secondary school. She started her first job at the age of 15 at the Berlin wholesale foods operation of Kathreiner AG. <mask> <mask>'s mother was a member of the Communist Party and two of her maternal uncles were metal workers. There are strong indications that her father was not interested in politics and that his political views were very different from those of his wife and her brothers. <mask> <mask> joined the Young Communists in the year in which she took her first job. She eagerly participated in the creation of a Young Communist cell at her work place.<mask> used her enthusiasm and writing skills to criticize the company's methods in a news sheet. She contributed to both the production and distribution of the publication. The extent to which management was aware of her involvement only became apparent later. In Germany, the backwash from the Wall Street Crash caused industrial demand to fall and unemployment to rise. There were job cuts in 1930. The young communist was one of the first to lose her job. <mask> had a hard time finding a job because of the political opportunities of unemployment.She may have been informally blacklisted. She had more time on her hands for political activities. She lived in the city quarter of Berlin- Neuklln. In 1930, two years after joining the Young Communists, <mask> <mask> joined the Communist Party and continued to play with the workers' children. Her political talents and commitment were noticed elsewhere. She was invited to spend a year in Moscow by the Young Communists' Central Committee. <mask> <mask> spent a year in Moscow in 1930-31 and saw for herself the first country in the world where a genuine attempt to build a socialist society was under way.She became a member of the Young Communists district leadership team after returning to Neuklln. Mass-poverty and millions of unemployed had worsened the economic situation. The streets were becoming more polarised as politics spilled onto them. <mask> <mask> was unable to find a job because of the increasing presence of the National Socialist populists and her own political involvement. She became a member of the Young Communists regional leadership team for Berlin and continued her work with children. One source said that it was a reflection of her positive energy that the children called her "Pferdchen". The district of Neuklln was home to many Communists and Socialists during the 1930s and 1940s.Fights were frequent. <mask> <mask> made sure that working class youngsters in the area were not influenced by fascists. Her involvement was noted early in 1933. <mask> became the youngest member of the Young Communist Central Committee at the start of 1933. The Hitler government was able to take power at the same time that the National Socialists were able to change the political landscape of Germany into a one-party dictatorship. After a few weeks, political activity in support of the Communist Party became illegal. <mask> continued to distribute illegal publications.On the night of the Reichstag Fire, there was a rapid wave of arrests. <mask> <mask> was one of the first women in Berlin to be arrested by the security services after the Hitler take-over. The questioning lasted for a number of days as the beatings and tortures became more brutal. <mask> remained silent as her interrogators wanted names. Her mother treated her cuts and injuries with a compress. After her release, <mask> <mask> found a job at the Oberspree Cables and Leads factory, which was still owned by the AEG conglomerate. She and her co-workers started to organize anti-government resistance.Their activities included the setting up of an illegal youth group which produced and distributed a version of the "Rotes Kabel" newspaper. Government lies and hypocrisies were highlighted by the authors of the newspaper. The government of political and social rights was condemned constantly. <mask> worked on behalf of colleagues who were dismissed from the factory because they were Jewish. She was one of the people who kept copies of the "communist company newspaper" in the lockers. It's not possible to know how much the company knew about <mask>'s political activities in the factory, or how much the individual company managers knew. She was re-arrested by the security services in June 1934.They wanted to know more about <mask>'s activities, as well as the names of fellow activists. She was released again because they were unable to prove anything against her, thanks to the loyal discretion of her comrades and her own refusal to succumb to their interrogation techniques. She INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals INRDeals When Lisa returned home after one of these interrogation sessions, she testified movingly to her physically broken state, but in terms of divulging what the security services wanted to hear, she never broke, and once released she would return to her "illegal" political work. <mask> was conscripted for farm work in 1935 and sent to a remote village along the coast. Her fellow farm girl conscripts elected her as their "Vertrauensmdchen", an informal representational role which involved presenting the concerns of the young people to those in a position to do something about them. Management compliance with working hours regulations, adequate food and reasonable accommodations was secured by her.Her experience in antifascist resistance groups made her more effective as an impromptu negotiator. <mask> was able to keep in touch with contacts in Berlin and abroad despite the unclear nature of the networking activities. She remained the object of suspicion on the part of the authorities because her correspondence was monitored by the police. <mask> <mask>'s co-workers on the farm may not have known about her Communist connections, but she made no secret of her rejection of Germany's fascist government. The spy who passed on <mask>'s opinions to the security services was one of the people she shared these opinions with. <mask> <mask> was arrested again on 9 October 1935 and sent back to Berlin. On the afternoon of 21 October 1935, Grete's sister Johanna wrote, "a police official appeared before my mother and delivered a telegramme: 'Daughter <mask> arrested and committed suicide'".The two surviving sisters, Lisa and Johanna, went to the court complex the next day in order to find out more. <mask> <mask>, who was only 22 years old at the time of her suicide, had been subjected to torture by the security services during the twelve days between her arrest and her suicide. According to another source, <mask> <mask> took her own life because of the fear that she might be forced to reveal her true identity. It is not known if she was tortured during those twelve days, but records show that she made a partial confession a few hours before jumping to her death from the third floor. <mask> <mask>'s fate was little known during the twelve years of Hitler, but her family preserved her memory. It is a tribute to her sisters that they did everything they could to find out what happened after 1945. The western two thirds of Germany were divided into four military occupation zones by this time.The German Democratic Republic (East Germany), a new kind of German one-party dictatorship, was launched in October 1949 after Berlin was surrounded by a large region administered as the Soviet occupation zone. <mask> <mask> was a well documented larger than life attractive young woman, barely more than a child, widely loved and admired during her lifetime, which had been topped off with a heroic death triggered by the abusive conduct of the Nazi security services. There are two "Grete Walter Street" in Milz and Cottbus. There is a "Margarete-Walter-Strae" in Berlin-Plauer Berg. A recent residential development in a village in the Wanzleben-Brde administrative district has a "Grete-Walther-Strae" with an "h" in it. In the school yard at the Polytechnic Secondary School in Greifs, there are seven schools named after Grete <mask>. The memorial was removed after the old school buildings were torn down and replaced with a shopping centre.Children's care institutions in Wismar and Polvitz are named after Grete <mask>. <mask> <mask>, who worked at the cable factory in the "VEB Kabelwerk Oberspree", had a State Youth Organisation branch named after her. The company holiday complex on the North Sea coast was named after Grete <mask>. An Artur Becker type feeders was named after her. On 14 November 2009, in response to an initiative by the VVN-BdA, the Cologne-based artist and Stolperstein ambassador, Gunter Demnig, fixed a memorial in the pavement/sidewalk outside the house at Fuldastra. There was a group named after her in the Burg. There were people from the Berlin Communist Party of Germany who died in 1935.

9747013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester%20Gillette

Chester Gillette

Chester Ellsworth Gillette (August 9, 1883 – March 30, 1908), an American convicted murderer, became the basis for the fictional character Clyde Griffiths in Theodore Dreiser's novel An American Tragedy, which was the basis of the 1931 film An American Tragedy and the 1951 film A Place in the Sun. Background Gillette was born in Montana, but spent part of his childhood in Spokane, Washington. His parents were financially comfortable, but deeply religious, and eventually renounced material wealth to join The Salvation Army. The family traveled around the West Coast of the United States and to Hawaii during his adolescence. Chester never took to the religious aspects of his upbringing. He attended Oberlin College's preparatory school on the generosity of a wealthy uncle, but left after two years in 1903. After leaving school, he worked at odd jobs until 1905 when he took a position at another uncle's skirt factory in Cortland, New York. Murder of Grace Brown At the factory, Gillette met Grace Brown, another employee. Gillette and Brown soon began a sexual relationship, with Brown assuming Gillette would marry her. In the spring of 1906, Brown revealed that she was pregnant. She continued to pressure Gillette to marry her, often writing him pleading letters. Brown then returned to her parents' home for a time, but returned to Cortland when she discovered that Gillette had been courting other girls. One popular story involved Miss Harriet Benedict, a wealthy acquaintance of Gillette who the newspapers later speculated was the "other woman" for whom Chester had left Grace. Harriet heatedly denied this, going so far as to issue a formal press release proclaiming: "I have never been engaged to Chester E. Gillette ... Our acquaintance was of ... a limited duration, and ... not a word or suggestion was ever made between us [about an engagement]." As the spring and summer of 1906 progressed, others noticed an increasing frequency of Gillette's raised voice and Brown's tears at the factory or at each other's homes. Brown continued to press Gillette for some kind of decision, and Gillette played for time with vague statements about their future and of their going away on a trip sometime soon. Finally, Gillette made arrangements for a trip to the Adirondack Mountains in upstate New York. The pair stayed for a night in Utica, New York, and then continued to Tupper Lake in Franklin County, spending the night. Rain the next day ruined their plans for an outing on a nearby lake, so they returned south to Big Moose Lake in Herkimer County. At the lakeside Glenmore Hotel, Gillette registered under a false name (although one that used his own initials to match the monogram on his suitcase). He was carrying one suitcase and a tennis racquet. Brown, at this point, may have expected some kind of elopement ceremony. On July 11, Gillette took Brown in a rowboat on Big Moose Lake, where he clubbed her with his tennis racquet and left her to drown. An overturned boat was found floating in the lake, together with Gillette's hat, leading authorities initially to believe both had drowned. Meanwhile, Gillette, carrying a suitcase, hiked through the woods to Fulton Chain Lakes, where he checked into the Arrowhead Hotel under his real name. Later, witnesses said that Gillette seemed calm, collected, and perfectly at ease; nothing seemed to be amiss. Brown's body was found at the bottom of the lake the next day. An autopsy revealed she had suffered major head trauma, turning an accidental drowning case into a murder investigation. Gillette had done a poor job of planning the cover-up, and was quickly arrested in nearby Inlet, New York. Grace Brown was buried in Valley View Cemetery in her hometown, South Otselic, New York. Trial and execution The trial took place in Herkimer County, and quickly drew nationwide attention. Gillette's uncle refused to pay for his defense. Court appointed attorneys claimed that their client was innocent, that Brown had committed suicide, and that Gillette was a helpless onlooker to the suicide. It did not help that Gillette had changed his story - claiming he wasn't there when Brown drowned, then accidental drowning, then suicide. He also had a hard time explaining to the jury Brown's injuries, why he took his suitcase on a boat ride, and how it ended up dry even though the boat overturned. The jury convicted Gillette of murder. A New York State Appeals Court upheld the verdict, and Governor Charles Evans Hughes refused to grant clemency or give a reprieve. On March 30, 1908, Chester Gillette was executed by electric chair at Auburn Prison in Auburn, New York. The case was officially reported as People v. Gillette, 191 N.Y. 107, 83 N.E. 680 (1908). Gillette was buried in Soule Cemetery in Sennett, New York. In recent years The television series Unsolved Mysteries aired an episode about the historical incident of Gillette and Brown in January 1996. In 2007, Gillette's diary, which he wrote during the last seven months he was in prison, was donated to the Hamilton College Library by Gillette's grandniece. In addition to the diary, 12 letters written by Gillette during his time in prison also were donated. Eleven of the letters were addressed to Bernice Ferrin, a friend of the family who moved to Auburn, New York, to stay with Gillette's sister Hazel. The twelfth letter, a farewell letter written the day before his execution, was addressed to Hazel Gillette. The diary and letters were published in December 2007, almost 100 years after the execution of Chester Gillette. Popular Culture Theodore Dreiser's 1925 An American Tragedy is based on the case. His novel inspired two films in turn: An American Tragedy and A Place In The Sun. Also based on the case is the Ballad of Big Moose Lake, a 1926 folk song of the Adirondack Mountains area that explicitly mentions Gillette in the first and last verses. References 20th-century executions by New York (state) American people convicted of murder Criminals from New York (state) People executed for murder People executed by New York (state) by electric chair People from Queens, New York People convicted of murder by New York (state) People from Spokane, Washington 1883 births 1908 deaths 20th-century executions of American people Executed people from Montana

<mask> (August 9, 1883 – March 30, 1908), an American convicted murderer, became the basis for the fictional character Clyde Griffiths in Theodore Dreiser's novel An American Tragedy, which was the basis of the 1931 film An American Tragedy and the 1951 film A Place in the Sun. Background <mask> was born in Montana, but spent part of his childhood in Spokane, Washington. His parents were financially comfortable, but deeply religious, and eventually renounced material wealth to join The Salvation Army. The family traveled around the West Coast of the United States and to Hawaii during his adolescence. <mask> never took to the religious aspects of his upbringing. He attended Oberlin College's preparatory school on the generosity of a wealthy uncle, but left after two years in 1903. After leaving school, he worked at odd jobs until 1905 when he took a position at another uncle's skirt factory in Cortland, New York.Murder of Grace Brown At the factory, Gillette met Grace Brown, another employee. <mask> and Brown soon began a sexual relationship, with Brown assuming Gillette would marry her. In the spring of 1906, Brown revealed that she was pregnant. She continued to pressure Gillette to marry her, often writing him pleading letters. Brown then returned to her parents' home for a time, but returned to Cortland when she discovered that Gillette had been courting other girls. One popular story involved Miss Harriet Benedict, a wealthy acquaintance of <mask> who the newspapers later speculated was the "other woman" for whom <mask> had left Grace. Harriet heatedly denied this, going so far as to issue a formal press release proclaiming: "I have never been engaged to <mask><mask> ... Our acquaintance was of ... a limited duration, and ... not a word or suggestion was ever made between us [about an engagement]."As the spring and summer of 1906 progressed, others noticed an increasing frequency of <mask>'s raised voice and Brown's tears at the factory or at each other's homes. Brown continued to press <mask> for some kind of decision, and <mask> played for time with vague statements about their future and of their going away on a trip sometime soon. Finally, <mask> made arrangements for a trip to the Adirondack Mountains in upstate New York. The pair stayed for a night in Utica, New York, and then continued to Tupper Lake in Franklin County, spending the night. Rain the next day ruined their plans for an outing on a nearby lake, so they returned south to Big Moose Lake in Herkimer County. At the lakeside Glenmore Hotel, <mask> registered under a false name (although one that used his own initials to match the monogram on his suitcase). He was carrying one suitcase and a tennis racquet.Brown, at this point, may have expected some kind of elopement ceremony. On July 11, <mask> took Brown in a rowboat on Big Moose Lake, where he clubbed her with his tennis racquet and left her to drown. An overturned boat was found floating in the lake, together with <mask>'s hat, leading authorities initially to believe both had drowned. Meanwhile, <mask>, carrying a suitcase, hiked through the woods to Fulton Chain Lakes, where he checked into the Arrowhead Hotel under his real name. Later, witnesses said that <mask> seemed calm, collected, and perfectly at ease; nothing seemed to be amiss. Brown's body was found at the bottom of the lake the next day. An autopsy revealed she had suffered major head trauma, turning an accidental drowning case into a murder investigation.<mask> had done a poor job of planning the cover-up, and was quickly arrested in nearby Inlet, New York. Grace Brown was buried in Valley View Cemetery in her hometown, South Otselic, New York. Trial and execution The trial took place in Herkimer County, and quickly drew nationwide attention. <mask>'s uncle refused to pay for his defense. Court appointed attorneys claimed that their client was innocent, that Brown had committed suicide, and that <mask> was a helpless onlooker to the suicide. It did not help that <mask> had changed his story - claiming he wasn't there when Brown drowned, then accidental drowning, then suicide. He also had a hard time explaining to the jury Brown's injuries, why he took his suitcase on a boat ride, and how it ended up dry even though the boat overturned.The jury convicted <mask> of murder. A New York State Appeals Court upheld the verdict, and Governor Charles Evans Hughes refused to grant clemency or give a reprieve. On March 30, 1908, <mask> was executed by electric chair at Auburn Prison in Auburn, New York. The case was officially reported as People v. <mask>, 191 N.Y. 107, 83 N.E. 680 (1908). <mask> was buried in Soule Cemetery in Sennett, New York. In recent years The television series Unsolved Mysteries aired an episode about the historical incident of <mask> and Brown in January 1996.In 2007, <mask>'s diary, which he wrote during the last seven months he was in prison, was donated to the Hamilton College Library by <mask>'s grandniece. In addition to the diary, 12 letters written by <mask> during his time in prison also were donated. Eleven of the letters were addressed to Bernice Ferrin, a friend of the family who moved to Auburn, New York, to stay with Gillette's sister Hazel. The twelfth letter, a farewell letter written the day before his execution, was addressed to <mask>. The diary and letters were published in December 2007, almost 100 years after the execution of <mask>. Popular Culture Theodore Dreiser's 1925 An American Tragedy is based on the case. His novel inspired two films in turn: An American Tragedy and A Place In The Sun.Also based on the case is the Ballad of Big Moose Lake, a 1926 folk song of the Adirondack Mountains area that explicitly mentions <mask> in the first and last verses. References 20th-century executions by New York (state) American people convicted of murder Criminals from New York (state) People executed for murder People executed by New York (state) by electric chair People from Queens, New York People convicted of murder by New York (state) People from Spokane, Washington 1883 births 1908 deaths 20th-century executions of American people Executed people from Montana

The basis of the 1931 film An American Tragedy and the 1951 film A Place in the Sun were written by <mask>, who was an American convicted murderer. <mask> was born in Montana but grew up in Washington. His parents were very religious and eventually joined The Salvation Army. During his adolescence, the family traveled around the West Coast of the United States and to Hawaii. <mask> did not take to the religious aspects of his upbringing. He attended the prep school on the generosity of his uncle, but left after two years. He worked at odd jobs until 1905, when he took a position at another uncle's skirt factory.Gillette met Grace Brown at the factory. <mask> and Brown had a sexual relationship, with Brown assuming Gillette would marry her. Brown was pregnant in the spring of 1906. She continued to pressure Gillette to marry her. When she discovered that Gillette had been courting other girls, Brown returned to her parents' home. The newspapers speculated that MissHarriet Benedict was the other woman for whom <mask> had left Grace. She went so far as to issue a formal press release proclaiming: "I have never been engaged to <mask><mask>."<mask>'s raised voice and Brown's tears at the factory were noticed by others as the spring and summer of 1906 progressed. Brown continued to press <mask> for some kind of decision, and <mask> played for time with vague statements about their future and going away on a trip. <mask> made arrangements for a trip to the Adirondack Mountains. The pair spent the night in Tupper Lake in Franklin County after staying in New York. They went back to Big Moose Lake in Herkimer County because of the rain the next day. <mask> used his own initials to register under a false name at the lakeside hotel. He had a suitcase and a tennis racquet.At this point, Brown may have expected an intimate ceremony. <mask> clubbed Brown with his tennis racquet and left her to drown after taking her in a rowboat. The overturned boat and <mask>'s hat led authorities to believe that both had drowned. <mask> hiked through the woods to Fulton Chain Lakes, where he checked into the hotel under his real name. <mask> seemed calm, collected, and at ease, according to witnesses. The body of Brown was found at the bottom of the lake. She was found to have suffered major head trauma, which turned the accidental drowned case into a murder investigation.<mask> was arrested in New York after he did a poor job of planning the cover-up. Grace Brown was buried in South Otselic, New York. The trial and execution drew a lot of attention. <mask>'s uncle didn't want to pay for his defense. Attorneys appointed by the court claimed that their client was innocent, that Brown had committed suicide, and that <mask> was powerless to stop him. It didn't help that <mask> had changed his story and claimed he wasn't there when Brown drowned. He had a hard time explaining to the jury why he took his suitcase on a boat ride, and how it ended up dry even though the boat overturned.The jury found <mask> guilty of murder. Governor Charles Evans Hughes refused to grant clemency or give a reprieve after the New York State Appeals Court upheld the verdict. The electric chair was used to execute <mask> on March 30, 1908. The case was reported as People v. <mask>. The year 1912. <mask> was buried in New York. An episode about the <mask> and Brown incident was aired on Unsolved Mysteries.<mask>'s diary was given to the Hamilton College Library by his grandniece. The diary and 12 letters written by <mask> during his time in prison were donated. The friend of the family who moved to New York to stay with Gillette's sister Hazel received 11 of the letters. On the day before his execution, he wrote a farewell letter to <mask>. The diary and letters were published 100 years after <mask>'s execution. Theodore Dreiser wrote An American Tragedy in 1925. An American Tragedy and A Place In The Sun were inspired by his novel.The Ballad of Big Moose Lake, a folk song of the Adirondack Mountains area, explicitly mentions <mask> in the first and last verse. People who were executed for murder in New York were put to death by the electric chair.

37211

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20I%20of%20the%20Netherlands

William I of the Netherlands

William I (Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau; 24 August 1772 – 12 December 1843) was a Prince of Orange, the King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He was the son of the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, who went into exile to London in 1795 because of the Batavian Revolution. As compensation for the loss of all his father's possessions in the Low Countries, an agreement was concluded between France and Prussia in which William was appointed ruler of the newly created Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda in 1803; this was however short-lived and in 1806 he was deposed by Napoleon. With the death of his father in 1806, he became Prince of Orange and ruler of the Principality of Orange-Nassau, which he also lost the same year after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and subsequent creation of the Confederation of the Rhine at the behest of Napoleon. In 1813, when Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Leipzig, the Orange-Nassau territories were returned to William and he was asked as well to become the Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands. He proclaimed himself King of the Netherlands on 16 March 1815. In that year, William I concluded a treaty with King Frederick William III in which he ceded the Principality of Orange-Nassau to Prussia in exchange for becoming the new Grand Duke of Luxembourg. In 1839, he furthermore became the Duke of Limburg as a result of the Treaty of London. After his abdication in 1840, he styled himself King William Frederick, Count of Nassau. Prince of Orange King William I's parents were the last stadtholder William V, Prince of Orange of the Dutch Republic, and his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia. Until 1806, William was formally known as William VI, Prince of Orange-Nassau, and between 1806 and 1813 also as Prince of Orange. In Berlin on 1 October 1791, William married his maternal first cousin (Frederica Louisa) Wilhelmina of Prussia, born in Potsdam. She was the daughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia. After Wilhelmina died in 1837, William married Countess Henriette d'Oultremont de Wégimont (28 February 1792, in Maastricht – 26 October 1864, in Schloss Rahe), created Countess of Nassau, on 17 February 1841, also in Berlin. Youth and early military career As eldest son of the William V, Prince of Orange, William was informally referred to as Erfprins (Hereditary Prince) by contemporaries from his birth until the death of his father in 1806 to distinguish him from William V. Like his younger brother Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau he was tutored by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler and the Dutch historian Herman Tollius. They were both tutored in the military arts by general Prince Frederick Stamford. After the Patriot revolt had been suppressed in 1787, he in 1788–89 attended the military academy in Brunswick which was considered an excellent military school, together with his brother. In 1790 he visited a number of foreign courts like the one in Nassau and the Prussian capital Berlin, where he first met his future wife. William subsequently studied briefly at the University of Leiden. In 1790 he was appointed a general of infantry in the States Army of which his father was Captain general, and he was made a member of the Council of State of the Netherlands. In November 1791 he took his new bride to The Hague. After the National Convention of the French First Republic had declared war on the stadtholder of the Dutch Republic in February 1793, William was appointed commander-in-chief of the veldleger (mobile army) of the States Army (his father remained the nominal head of the armed forces). As such he commanded the troops that took part in the Flanders Campaign of 1793–95. He took part in the battles of Veurne, Menin, and Wervik (where his brother was wounded) in 1793, the siege of Landrecies (1794), whose fortress surrendered to him, and the Battle of Fleurus (1794), to name the most important. In May 1794 he had replaced general Kaunitz as commander of the combined Austro-Dutch forces on the instigation of Emperor Francis II who apparently had a high opinion of him. But the French armies proved too strong, and the allied leadership too inept, and the allies were defeated. The French first entered Dutch Brabant which they dominated after the Battle of Boxtel. When in the winter of 1794–95 the rivers in the Rhine delta froze over, the French breached the southern Hollandic Water Line and the situation became militarily untenable. In many places Dutch revolutionaries took over the local government. After the Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam on 18 January 1795 the stadtholder decided to flee to Britain, and his sons accompanied him. (On this last day in Holland his father relieved William honorably of his commands). The next day the Batavian Republic was proclaimed. Exile Soon after the departure to Britain the Hereditary Prince went back to the Continent, where his brother was assembling former members of the States Army in Osnabrück for a planned invasion into the Batavian Republic in the Summer of 1795. However, the neutral Prussian government forbade this. In 1799, William landed in the current North Holland as part of an Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland. The Hereditary Prince was instrumental in fomenting a mutiny on the Batavian naval squadron in the Vlieter, resulting in the surrender of the ships without a fight to the Royal Navy, which accepted the surrender in the name of the stadtholder. Not all the local Dutch population, however, was pleased with the arrival of the prince. One local Orangist was even executed. The hoped-for popular uprising failed to materialise. After several minor battles the Hereditary Prince was forced to leave the country again after the Convention of Alkmaar. The mutineers of the Batavian fleet, with their ships, and a large number of deserters from the Batavian army accompanied the retreating British troops to Britain. There William formed the King's Dutch Brigade with these troops, a military unit in British service, that swore oaths of allegiance to the British King, but also to the States General, defunct since 1795, "whenever those would be reconstituted." This brigade trained on the Isle of Wight in 1800 and was eventually used by the British in Ireland. When peace was concluded between Great Britain and the French Republic under First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte the Orange exiles were at their nadir. The Dutch Brigade was dissolved on 12 July 1802. Many members of the brigade went home to the Batavian Republic, thanks to an amnesty. The surrendered ships of the Batavian navy were not returned, due to an agreement between the stadtholder and the British government of 11 March 1800. Instead the stadtholder was allowed to sell them to the Royal Navy for an appreciable sum. The stadtholder, feeling betrayed by the British, left for Germany. The Hereditary Prince, having a more flexible mind, went to visit Napoleon at St. Cloud in 1802. He apparently charmed the First Consul, and was charmed by him. Napoleon raised hopes for William that he might have an important role in a reformed Batavian Republic. Meanwhile, William's brother-in-law Frederick William III of Prussia, neutral at the time, promoted a Franco-Prussian convention of 23 May 1802, in addition to the Treaty of Amiens, that gave the House of Orange a few abbatial domains in Germany, that were combined to the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda by way of indemnification for its losses in the Batavian Republic. The stadtholder gave this principality immediately to his son. When Napoleon invaded Germany in 1806 and war broke out between the French Empire and Prussia, William supported his Prussian relatives, though he was nominally a French vassal. He received command of a Prussian division which took part in the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt. The Prussians lost that battle and William was forced to surrender his troops rather ignominiously at Erfurt the day after the battle. He was made a prisoner of war, but was paroled soon. Napoleon punished him for his betrayal, however, by taking away his principality. As a parolee, William was not allowed to take part in the hostilities anymore. After the Peace of Tilsit William received a pension from France in compensation. In the same year, 1806, his father, the Prince of Orange died, and William not only inherited the title, but also his father's claims on the inheritance embodied in the Nassau lands. This would become important a few years later, when developments in Germany coincided to make William the Fürst (Prince) of a diverse assembly of Nassau lands that had belonged to other branches of the House of Nassau. But before this came about, in 1809 tensions between Austria and France became intense. William did not hesitate to join the Austrian army as a Feldmarschalleutnant (major-general) in May 1809 As a member of the staff of the Austrian supreme commander, Archduke Charles he took part in the Battle of Wagram, where he was wounded in the leg. Tsar Alexander I of Russia played a central role in the restoration of the Netherlands. Prince William VI (as he was now known), who had been living in exile in Prussia, met with Alexander I in March 1813. Alexander promised to support William and help restore an independent Netherlands with William as king. Russian troops in the Netherlands participated with their Prussian allies in restoring the dynasty. Dynastic considerations of marriage between the royal houses of Great Britain and the Netherlands, assured British approval. Return After Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig (October 1813), the French troops retreated to France from all over Europe. The Netherlands had been annexed to the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. But now city after city was evacuated by the French occupation troops. In the ensuing power vacuum a number of former Orangist politicians and former Patriots formed a provisional government in November 1813. Although a large number of the members of the provisional government had helped drive out William V 18 years earlier, it was taken for granted that his son would have to head any new government. They also agreed it would be better in the long term for the Dutch to restore him themselves, rather than have the Great Powers impose him on the country. The Dutch population were pleased with the departure of the French, who had ruined the Dutch economy, and this time welcomed the prince. After having been invited by the Triumvirate of 1813, on 30 November 1813 William disembarked from and landed at Scheveningen beach, only a few yards from the place where he had left the country with his father 18 years before, and on 6 December the provisional government offered him the title of King. William refused, instead proclaiming himself "Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands". He also wanted the rights of the people to be guaranteed by "a wise constitution". The constitution offered William extensive (almost absolute) powers. Ministers were only responsible to him, while a unicameral parliament (the States General) exercised only limited power. He was inaugurated as sovereign prince in the New Church in Amsterdam on 30 March 1814. In August 1814, he was appointed Governor-General of the former Austrian Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège (more or less modern-day Belgium) by the Allied Powers who occupied that country, ruling them on behalf of Prussia. He was also made Grand Duke of Luxembourg, having received that territory in return for trading his hereditary German lands to Prussia and the Duke of Nassau. The Great Powers had already agreed via the secret Eight Articles of London to unite the Low Countries into a single kingdom. It was believed that a united country on the North Sea would help keep France in check. With the de facto addition of the Austrian Netherlands and Luxembourg to his realm, William had fulfilled his family's three-century dream of uniting the Low Countries. King of the Netherlands Feeling threatened by Napoleon, who had escaped from Elba, William proclaimed the Netherlands a kingdom on 16 March 1815 at the urging of the powers gathered at the Congress of Vienna. His son, the future king William II, fought as a commander at the Battle of Waterloo. After Napoleon had been sent into exile, William adopted a new constitution which included many features of the old constitution, such as extensive royal powers. He was formally confirmed as hereditary ruler of what was known as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands at the Congress of Vienna. Principal changes The States General was divided into two chambers. The Eerste Kamer (First Chamber or Senate or House of Lords) was appointed by the King. The Tweede Kamer (Second Chamber or House of Representatives or House of Commons) was elected by the Provincial States, which were in turn chosen by census suffrage. The 110 seats were divided equally between the North and the South, although the population of the North (2 million) was significantly less than that of the South (3.5 million). The States General's primary function was to approve the King's laws and decrees. The constitution contained many present-day Dutch political institutions; however, their functions and composition have changed greatly over the years. The constitution was accepted in the North, but not in the South. The under-representation of the South was one of the causes of the Belgian Revolution. Referendum turnout was low, in the Southern provinces, but William interpreted all abstentions to be yes votes. He prepared a lavish inauguration for himself in Brussels, where he gave the people copper coins (leading to his first nickname, the Copper King). The spearhead of King William's policies was economic progress. As he founded many trade institutions, his second nickname was the King-Merchant. In 1822, he founded the Algemeene Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter Begunstiging van de Volksvlijt, which would become one of the most important institutions of Belgium after its independence. Industry flourished, especially in the South. In 1817, he also founded three universities in the Southern provinces, such as a new University of Leuven, the University of Ghent and the University of Liège. The Northern provinces, meanwhile, were the centre of trade. This, in combination with the colonies (Dutch East Indies, Surinam, Curaçao and Dependencies, and the Dutch Gold Coast) created great wealth for the Kingdom. However, the money flowed into the hands of Dutch directors. Only a few Belgians managed to profit from the economic growth. Feelings of economic inequity were another cause of the Belgian uprising. William was also determined to create a unified people, even though the north and the south had drifted far apart culturally and economically since the south was reconquered by Spain after the Act of Abjuration of 1581. The North was commercial, Protestant and entirely Dutch-speaking; the south was industrial, Roman Catholic and divided between Dutch and French-speakers. Officially, a separation of church and state existed in the kingdom. However, William himself was a strong supporter of the Reformed Church. This led to resentment among the people in the mostly Catholic south. William had also devised controversial language and school policies. Dutch was imposed as the official language in (the Dutch-speaking region of) Flanders; this angered French-speaking aristocrats and industrial workers. Schools throughout the Kingdom were required to instruct students in the Reformed faith and the Dutch language. Many in the South feared that the King sought to extinguish Catholicism and the French language. Revolt of the Southern Provinces In August 1830 Daniel Auber's opera La muette de Portici, about the repression of Neapolitans, was staged in Brussels. Performances of this show seemed to crystallize a sense of nationalism and "Hollandophobia" in Brussels, and spread to the rest of the South. Rioting ensued, chiefly aimed at the kingdom's unpopular justice minister, Cornelis Felix van Maanen, who lived in Brussels. An infuriated William responded by sending troops to repress the riots. However, the riots had spread to other Southern cities. The riots quickly became popular uprisings. An independent state of Belgium emerged out of the 1830 Revolution. The next year, William sent his sons William, the Prince of Orange, and Prince Frederick to invade the new state. Although initially victorious in this Ten Days' Campaign, the Dutch army was forced to retreat after the threat of French intervention. Some support for the Orange dynasty (chiefly among Flemings) persisted for years but the Dutch never regained control over Belgium. William nevertheless continued the war for eight years. His economic successes became overshadowed by a perceived mismanagement of the war effort. High costs of the war came to burden the Dutch economy, fueling public resentment. In 1839, William was forced to end the war. The United Kingdom of the Netherlands was dissolved by the Treaty of London (1839) and the northern part continued as the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was not renamed, however, as the "United"-prefix had never been part of its official name, but rather was retrospectively added by historians for descriptive purposes (cf. Weimar Republic). Constitutional changes and abdication in later life Constitutional changes were initiated in 1840 because the terms which involved the United Kingdom of the Netherlands had to be removed. These constitutional changes also included the introduction of judicial ministerial responsibility. Although the policies remained uncontrolled by parliament, the prerogative was controllable now. The very conservative William could not live with these constitutional changes. This, the disappointment about the loss of Belgium, and his intention to marry Henrietta d'Oultremont (paradoxically both "Belgian" and Roman Catholic) made him wish to abdicate. He fulfilled this intent on 7 October 1840 and his eldest son acceded to the throne as king William II. William I died in 1843 in Berlin at the age of 71. Children With his wife Wilhelmina, King William I had six children: Willem Frederik George Lodewijk (b. The Hague, 6 December 1792 – d. Tilburg, 17 March 1849) later King William II of the Netherlands from 1840. Married Russian Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna. Stillborn son (Hampton Court, Palace, Middlesex, 18 August 1795). Willem Frederik Karel (b. Berlin, 28 February 1797 – d. Wassenaar, 8 September 1881), married on 21 May 1825 his first cousin Louise, daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia. Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Pauline Charlotte (b. Berlin, 1 March 1800 – d. Freienwalde, 22 December 1806). Stillborn son (Berlin, 30 August 1806). Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Charlotte Marianne (b. Berlin, 9 May 1810 – d. Schloss Reinhartshausen bei Erbach, 29 May 1883), married on 14 September 1830 with Prince Albert of Prussia. They divorced in 1849. Honours : Founder and Grand Master of the Military Order of William, 30 April 1815 Founder and Grand Master of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 29 September 1815 Sweden: Knight of the Order of the Seraphim, 14 April 1813 : 876th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 5 July 1814 : 648th Knight of the Order of the Garter, 10 August 1814 Honorary Knight of the Order of the Bath, 16 August 1814; Grand Cross (military), 2 January 1815 Prussia: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 8 February 1787 Portugal: Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders, October 1825 : Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 1837 : Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 20 November 1839 Arms Ancestry Notes References Further reading Caraway, David Todd. "Retreat from Liberalism: William I, Freedom of the Press, Political Asylum, and the Foreign Relations of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, 1814-1818" PhD dissertation, U. of Delaware, 2003, 341pp. Abstract: Dissertation Abstracts International 2003, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p1030-1030 Kossmann, E. H. The Low Countries 1780–1940 (1978) ch 3-4 External links Willem I, Koning (1772-1843) at the Dutch Royal House website 1772 births 1843 deaths Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft Dukes of Limburg Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church Dutch military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Dutch monarchs Grand Dukes of Luxembourg Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath House of Orange-Nassau Extra Knights Companion of the Garter Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 3 3 3 Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary Members of the Council of State (Netherlands) Monarchs who abdicated Nobility from The Hague People of the Belgian Revolution Princes of Orange Princes of Orange-Nassau Protestant monarchs 19th-century monarchs in Europe

<mask> (Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau; 24 August 1772 – 12 December 1843) was a Prince of Orange, the King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He was the son of the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, who went into exile to London in 1795 because of the Batavian Revolution. As compensation for the loss of all his father's possessions in the Low Countries, an agreement was concluded between France and Prussia in which <mask> was appointed ruler of the newly created Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda in 1803; this was however short-lived and in 1806 he was deposed by Napoleon. With the death of his father in 1806, he became Prince of Orange and ruler of the Principality of Orange-Nassau, which he also lost the same year after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and subsequent creation of the Confederation of the Rhine at the behest of Napoleon. In 1813, when Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Leipzig, the Orange-Nassau territories were returned to <mask> and he was asked as well to become the Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands. He proclaimed himself King of the Netherlands on 16 March 1815. In that year, <mask> I concluded a treaty with King <mask> in which he ceded the Principality of Orange-Nassau to Prussia in exchange for becoming the new Grand Duke of Luxembourg.In 1839, he furthermore became the Duke of Limburg as a result of the Treaty of London. After his abdication in 1840, he styled himself King <mask>, Count of Nassau. Prince of Orange King <mask>'s parents were the last stadtholder <mask>, Prince of Orange of the Dutch Republic, and his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia. Until 1806, <mask> was formally known as <mask> VI, Prince of Orange-Nassau, and between 1806 and 1813 also as Prince of Orange. In Berlin on 1 October 1791, <mask> married his maternal first cousin (Frederica Louisa) Wilhelmina of Prussia, born in Potsdam. She was the daughter of King <mask> II of Prussia. After Wilhelmina died in 1837, <mask> married Countess Henriette d'Oultremont de Wégimont (28 February 1792, in Maastricht – 26 October 1864, in Schloss Rahe), created Countess of Nassau, on 17 February 1841, also in Berlin.Youth and early military career As eldest son of the <mask>, Prince of Orange, <mask> was informally referred to as Erfprins (Hereditary Prince) by contemporaries from his birth until the death of his father in 1806 to distinguish him from <mask>. Like his younger brother Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau he was tutored by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler and the Dutch historian Herman Tollius. They were both tutored in the military arts by general Prince Frederick Stamford. After the Patriot revolt had been suppressed in 1787, he in 1788–89 attended the military academy in Brunswick which was considered an excellent military school, together with his brother. In 1790 he visited a number of foreign courts like the one in Nassau and the Prussian capital Berlin, where he first met his future wife. <mask> subsequently studied briefly at the University of Leiden. In 1790 he was appointed a general of infantry in the States Army of which his father was Captain general, and he was made a member of the Council of State of the Netherlands. In November 1791 he took his new bride to The Hague.After the National Convention of the French First Republic had declared war on the stadtholder of the Dutch Republic in February 1793, <mask> was appointed commander-in-chief of the veldleger (mobile army) of the States Army (his father remained the nominal head of the armed forces). As such he commanded the troops that took part in the Flanders Campaign of 1793–95. He took part in the battles of Veurne, Menin, and Wervik (where his brother was wounded) in 1793, the siege of Landrecies (1794), whose fortress surrendered to him, and the Battle of Fleurus (1794), to name the most important. In May 1794 he had replaced general Kaunitz as commander of the combined Austro-Dutch forces on the instigation of Emperor Francis II who apparently had a high opinion of him. But the French armies proved too strong, and the allied leadership too inept, and the allies were defeated. The French first entered Dutch Brabant which they dominated after the Battle of Boxtel. When in the winter of 1794–95 the rivers in the Rhine delta froze over, the French breached the southern Hollandic Water Line and the situation became militarily untenable.In many places Dutch revolutionaries took over the local government. After the Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam on 18 January 1795 the stadtholder decided to flee to Britain, and his sons accompanied him. (On this last day in Holland his father relieved <mask> honorably of his commands). The next day the Batavian Republic was proclaimed. Exile Soon after the departure to Britain the Hereditary Prince went back to the Continent, where his brother was assembling former members of the States Army in Osnabrück for a planned invasion into the Batavian Republic in the Summer of 1795. However, the neutral Prussian government forbade this. In 1799, <mask> landed in the current North Holland as part of an Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.The Hereditary Prince was instrumental in fomenting a mutiny on the Batavian naval squadron in the Vlieter, resulting in the surrender of the ships without a fight to the Royal Navy, which accepted the surrender in the name of the stadtholder. Not all the local Dutch population, however, was pleased with the arrival of the prince. One local Orangist was even executed. The hoped-for popular uprising failed to materialise. After several minor battles the Hereditary Prince was forced to leave the country again after the Convention of Alkmaar. The mutineers of the Batavian fleet, with their ships, and a large number of deserters from the Batavian army accompanied the retreating British troops to Britain. There <mask> formed the King's Dutch Brigade with these troops, a military unit in British service, that swore oaths of allegiance to the British King, but also to the States General, defunct since 1795, "whenever those would be reconstituted."This brigade trained on the Isle of Wight in 1800 and was eventually used by the British in Ireland. When peace was concluded between Great Britain and the French Republic under First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte the Orange exiles were at their nadir. The Dutch Brigade was dissolved on 12 July 1802. Many members of the brigade went home to the Batavian Republic, thanks to an amnesty. The surrendered ships of the Batavian navy were not returned, due to an agreement between the stadtholder and the British government of 11 March 1800. Instead the stadtholder was allowed to sell them to the Royal Navy for an appreciable sum. The stadtholder, feeling betrayed by the British, left for Germany.The Hereditary Prince, having a more flexible mind, went to visit Napoleon at St. Cloud in 1802. He apparently charmed the First Consul, and was charmed by him. Napoleon raised hopes for <mask> that he might have an important role in a reformed Batavian Republic. Meanwhile, <mask>'s brother-in-law <mask> <mask> of Prussia, neutral at the time, promoted a Franco-Prussian convention of 23 May 1802, in addition to the Treaty of Amiens, that gave the House of Orange a few abbatial domains in Germany, that were combined to the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda by way of indemnification for its losses in the Batavian Republic. The stadtholder gave this principality immediately to his son. When Napoleon invaded Germany in 1806 and war broke out between the French Empire and Prussia, <mask> supported his Prussian relatives, though he was nominally a French vassal.He received command of a Prussian division which took part in the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt. The Prussians lost that battle and <mask> was forced to surrender his troops rather ignominiously at Erfurt the day after the battle. He was made a prisoner of war, but was paroled soon. Napoleon punished him for his betrayal, however, by taking away his principality. As a parolee, <mask> was not allowed to take part in the hostilities anymore. After the Peace of Tilsit <mask> received a pension from France in compensation. In the same year, 1806, his father, the Prince of Orange died, and <mask> not only inherited the title, but also his father's claims on the inheritance embodied in the Nassau lands.This would become important a few years later, when developments in Germany coincided to make <mask> the Fürst (Prince) of a diverse assembly of Nassau lands that had belonged to other branches of the House of Nassau. But before this came about, in 1809 tensions between Austria and France became intense. <mask> did not hesitate to join the Austrian army as a Feldmarschalleutnant (major-general) in May 1809 As a member of the staff of the Austrian supreme commander, Archduke Charles he took part in the Battle of Wagram, where he was wounded in the leg. Tsar <mask> of Russia played a central role in the restoration of the Netherlands. Prince <mask> VI (as he was now known), who had been living in exile in Prussia, met with <mask> in March 1813. Alexander promised to support <mask> and help restore an independent Netherlands with <mask> as king. Russian troops in the Netherlands participated with their Prussian allies in restoring the dynasty.Dynastic considerations of marriage between the royal houses of Great Britain and the Netherlands, assured British approval. Return After Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig (October 1813), the French troops retreated to France from all over Europe. The Netherlands had been annexed to the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. But now city after city was evacuated by the French occupation troops. In the ensuing power vacuum a number of former Orangist politicians and former Patriots formed a provisional government in November 1813. Although a large number of the members of the provisional government had helped drive out <mask> 18 years earlier, it was taken for granted that his son would have to head any new government. They also agreed it would be better in the long term for the Dutch to restore him themselves, rather than have the Great Powers impose him on the country.The Dutch population were pleased with the departure of the French, who had ruined the Dutch economy, and this time welcomed the prince. After having been invited by the Triumvirate of 1813, on 30 November 1813 <mask> disembarked from and landed at Scheveningen beach, only a few yards from the place where he had left the country with his father 18 years before, and on 6 December the provisional government offered him the title of King. <mask> refused, instead proclaiming himself "Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands". He also wanted the rights of the people to be guaranteed by "a wise constitution". The constitution offered <mask> extensive (almost absolute) powers. Ministers were only responsible to him, while a unicameral parliament (the States General) exercised only limited power. He was inaugurated as sovereign prince in the New Church in Amsterdam on 30 March 1814.In August 1814, he was appointed Governor-General of the former Austrian Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège (more or less modern-day Belgium) by the Allied Powers who occupied that country, ruling them on behalf of Prussia. He was also made Grand Duke of Luxembourg, having received that territory in return for trading his hereditary German lands to Prussia and the Duke of Nassau. The Great Powers had already agreed via the secret Eight Articles of London to unite the Low Countries into a single kingdom. It was believed that a united country on the North Sea would help keep France in check. With the de facto addition of the Austrian Netherlands and Luxembourg to his realm, <mask> had fulfilled his family's three-century dream of uniting the Low Countries. King of the Netherlands Feeling threatened by Napoleon, who had escaped from Elba, <mask> proclaimed the Netherlands a kingdom on 16 March 1815 at the urging of the powers gathered at the Congress of Vienna. His son, the future king <mask> II, fought as a commander at the Battle of Waterloo.After Napoleon had been sent into exile, <mask> adopted a new constitution which included many features of the old constitution, such as extensive royal powers. He was formally confirmed as hereditary ruler of what was known as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands at the Congress of Vienna. Principal changes The States General was divided into two chambers. The Eerste Kamer (First Chamber or Senate or House of Lords) was appointed by the King. The Tweede Kamer (Second Chamber or House of Representatives or House of Commons) was elected by the Provincial States, which were in turn chosen by census suffrage. The 110 seats were divided equally between the North and the South, although the population of the North (2 million) was significantly less than that of the South (3.5 million). The States General's primary function was to approve the King's laws and decrees.The constitution contained many present-day Dutch political institutions; however, their functions and composition have changed greatly over the years. The constitution was accepted in the North, but not in the South. The under-representation of the South was one of the causes of the Belgian Revolution. Referendum turnout was low, in the Southern provinces, but <mask> interpreted all abstentions to be yes votes. He prepared a lavish inauguration for himself in Brussels, where he gave the people copper coins (leading to his first nickname, the Copper King). The spearhead of King <mask>'s policies was economic progress. As he founded many trade institutions, his second nickname was the King-Merchant.In 1822, he founded the Algemeene Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter Begunstiging van de Volksvlijt, which would become one of the most important institutions of Belgium after its independence. Industry flourished, especially in the South. In 1817, he also founded three universities in the Southern provinces, such as a new University of Leuven, the University of Ghent and the University of Liège. The Northern provinces, meanwhile, were the centre of trade. This, in combination with the colonies (Dutch East Indies, Surinam, Curaçao and Dependencies, and the Dutch Gold Coast) created great wealth for the Kingdom. However, the money flowed into the hands of Dutch directors. Only a few Belgians managed to profit from the economic growth.Feelings of economic inequity were another cause of the Belgian uprising. <mask> was also determined to create a unified people, even though the north and the south had drifted far apart culturally and economically since the south was reconquered by Spain after the Act of Abjuration of 1581. The North was commercial, Protestant and entirely Dutch-speaking; the south was industrial, Roman Catholic and divided between Dutch and French-speakers. Officially, a separation of church and state existed in the kingdom. However, <mask> himself was a strong supporter of the Reformed Church. This led to resentment among the people in the mostly Catholic south. <mask> had also devised controversial language and school policies.Dutch was imposed as the official language in (the Dutch-speaking region of) Flanders; this angered French-speaking aristocrats and industrial workers. Schools throughout the Kingdom were required to instruct students in the Reformed faith and the Dutch language. Many in the South feared that the King sought to extinguish Catholicism and the French language. Revolt of the Southern Provinces In August 1830 Daniel Auber's opera La muette de Portici, about the repression of Neapolitans, was staged in Brussels. Performances of this show seemed to crystallize a sense of nationalism and "Hollandophobia" in Brussels, and spread to the rest of the South. Rioting ensued, chiefly aimed at the kingdom's unpopular justice minister, Cornelis Felix van Maanen, who lived in Brussels. An infuriated <mask> responded by sending troops to repress the riots.However, the riots had spread to other Southern cities. The riots quickly became popular uprisings. An independent state of Belgium emerged out of the 1830 Revolution. The next year, <mask> sent his sons <mask>, the Prince of Orange, and Prince Frederick to invade the new state. Although initially victorious in this Ten Days' Campaign, the Dutch army was forced to retreat after the threat of French intervention. Some support for the Orange dynasty (chiefly among Flemings) persisted for years but the Dutch never regained control over Belgium. <mask> nevertheless continued the war for eight years.His economic successes became overshadowed by a perceived mismanagement of the war effort. High costs of the war came to burden the Dutch economy, fueling public resentment. In 1839, <mask> was forced to end the war. The United Kingdom of the Netherlands was dissolved by the Treaty of London (1839) and the northern part continued as the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was not renamed, however, as the "United"-prefix had never been part of its official name, but rather was retrospectively added by historians for descriptive purposes (cf. Weimar Republic). Constitutional changes and abdication in later life Constitutional changes were initiated in 1840 because the terms which involved the United Kingdom of the Netherlands had to be removed.These constitutional changes also included the introduction of judicial ministerial responsibility. Although the policies remained uncontrolled by parliament, the prerogative was controllable now. The very conservative <mask> could not live with these constitutional changes. This, the disappointment about the loss of Belgium, and his intention to marry Henrietta d'Oultremont (paradoxically both "Belgian" and Roman Catholic) made him wish to abdicate. He fulfilled this intent on 7 October 1840 and his eldest son acceded to the throne as king <mask> II. <mask> died in 1843 in Berlin at the age of 71. Children With his wife Wilhelmina, King <mask> I had six children: Willem Frederik George Lodewijk (b.The Hague, 6 December 1792 – d. Tilburg, 17 March 1849) later King <mask> of the Netherlands from 1840. Married Russian Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna. Stillborn son (Hampton Court, Palace, Middlesex, 18 August 1795). Willem Frederik Karel (b. Berlin, 28 February 1797 – d. Wassenaar, 8 September 1881), married on 21 May 1825 his first cousin Louise, daughter of <mask> <mask> of Prussia. Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Pauline Charlotte (b. Berlin, 1 March 1800 – d. Freienwalde, 22 December 1806). Stillborn son (Berlin, 30 August 1806). Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Charlotte Marianne (b. Berlin, 9 May 1810 – d. Schloss Reinhartshausen bei Erbach, 29 May 1883), married on 14 September 1830 with Prince Albert of Prussia.They divorced in 1849. Honours : Founder and Grand Master of the Military Order of William, 30 April 1815 Founder and Grand Master of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 29 September 1815 Sweden: Knight of the Order of the Seraphim, 14 April 1813 : 876th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 5 July 1814 : 648th Knight of the Order of the Garter, 10 August 1814 Honorary Knight of the Order of the Bath, 16 August 1814; Grand Cross (military), 2 January 1815 Prussia: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 8 February 1787 Portugal: Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders, October 1825 : Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 1837 : Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 20 November 1839 Arms Ancestry Notes References Further reading Caraway, David Todd. "Retreat from Liberalism: <mask>, Freedom of the Press, Political Asylum, and the Foreign Relations of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, 1814-1818" PhD dissertation, U. of Delaware, 2003, 341pp. Abstract: Dissertation Abstracts International 2003, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p1030-1030 Kossmann, E. H. The Low Countries 1780–1940 (1978) ch 3-4 External links <mask>, Koning (1772-1843) at the Dutch Royal House website 1772 births 1843 deaths Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft Dukes of Limburg Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church Dutch military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Dutch monarchs Grand Dukes of Luxembourg Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath House of Orange-Nassau Extra Knights Companion of the Garter Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 3 3 3 Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary Members of the Council of State (Netherlands) Monarchs who abdicated Nobility from The Hague People of the Belgian Revolution Princes of Orange Princes of Orange-Nassau Protestant monarchs 19th-century monarchs in Europe

The Prince of Orange, the King of the Netherlands and the Grand Duke of Luxembourg was <mask>. He was the son of the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, who went into exile to London in 1795. As compensation for the loss of his father's possessions in the Low Countries, an agreement was concluded between France and Prussia in which <mask> was appointed ruler of the newly created Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda in 1803. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, he lost his position as Prince of Orange and ruler of the Principality of Orange-Nassau. When Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Leipzig, the Orange-Nassau territories were returned to <mask> and he was asked to become the Prince of the United Netherlands. He claimed to be the King of the Netherlands on March 16, 1814. In exchange for becoming the new Grand Duke of Luxembourg, <mask> ceded the Principality of Orange-Nassau to Prussia.As a result of the Treaty of London, he became the Duke of Limburg. He styled himself King <mask>, Count of Nassau after his abdication. <mask>, Prince of Orange of the Dutch Republic, and his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia were the parents of Prince of Orange King <mask>. Between 1806 and 1813, <mask> was also known as the Prince of Orange. <mask> married his first cousin Wilhelmina of Prussia in Berlin on October 1, 1791. She was the daughter of a king. On 17 February 1841, <mask> married Henriette d'Oultremont de Wégimont in Berlin and created the Countess of Nassau.The eldest son of the <mask>, Prince of Orange, <mask> was informally referred to as Erfprins (Hereditary Prince) by his peers from his birth until the death of his father in 1806 to distinguish him from <mask>. They were taught the military arts by a general. He attended an excellent military school with his brother after the suppression of the Patriot revolt. He first met his wife in Berlin after visiting a number of foreign courts, including the one in Nassau. <mask> was a student at the University of Leiden. He was made a member of the Council of State of the Netherlands after being appointed a general of infantry in the States Army. He took his bride to The Hague.After the National Convention of the French First Republic declared war on the stadtholder of the Dutch Republic in February 1793, <mask> was appointed commander-in-chief of the States Army. He commanded the troops that took part in the campaign. He took part in the battles of Veurne, Menin, and Wervik, as well as the siege of Landrecies, where his brother was wounded, to name a few. He replaced general Kaunitz as commander of the combined Austro-Dutch forces on the orders of Emperor Francis II who had a high opinion of him. The allies were defeated because the French armies were too strong. After the Battle of Boxtel, the French entered Dutch Brabant. The southern Hollandic Water Line was violated by the French in the winter of 1794–95 when the rivers in the Rhine delta froze over.The local government was taken over by Dutch revolutionaries. The stadtholder fled to Britain after the Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam. <mask> was relieved of his commands by his father. The Republic was proclaimed the next day. After leaving Britain, the Hereditary Prince went back to the Continent, where his brother was assembling former members of the States Army in Osnabrck for a planned invasion. The neutral government forbade this. <mask> landed in the current North Holland as part of the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.The Royal Navy accepted the surrender of the ships in the name of the stadtholder after the Hereditary Prince fomented a mutiny on the naval squadron. The local Dutch population was not happy with the prince's arrival. One Orangist was executed. The hoped-for popular uprising did not happen. After a few battles, the Hereditary Prince was forced to leave the country again. The retreating British troops were accompanied by a large number of deserters from the Batavian army. When those would be reconstituted, <mask> formed the King's Dutch brigade with these troops, a military unit in British service, that swore oaths of allegiance to the British King, but also to the States General.The British used this brigade in Ireland. The Orange exiles were at their nadir when peace was concluded between Great Britain and the French Republic. The Dutch brigade was dissolved in 1802. The members of the brigade went home to the Republic thanks to the amnesty. Due to an agreement between the stadtholder and the British government, the surrendered ships of the Batavian navy were not returned. The stadtholder was allowed to sell them to the Royal Navy. The stadtholder felt betrayed by the British and left for Germany.The Hereditary Prince went to visit Napoleon. There was a cloud in 1802. He was enamored with the First Consul. Napoleon hoped that <mask> would have an important role in the reformed Republic. <mask>'s brother-in-law <mask> <mask> of Prussia, neutral at the time, promoted a Franco-Prussian convention of 23 May 1802, in addition to the Treaty of Amiens, that gave the House of Orange a few abbatial domains in Germany. This principality was given to his son by the stadtholder. <mask> supported his relatives when Napoleon invaded Germany and the war broke out between the French Empire and Prussia.The Battle of Jena–Auerstedt was part of the command he received. <mask> had to surrender his troops at Erfurt the day after the battle because the Prussians lost that battle. He was released soon after being made a prisoner of war. He was punished by Napoleon for his betrayal. <mask> was not allowed to take part in hostilities as a parolee. <mask> received a pension from France after the Peace of Tilsit. In the year 1806, his father, the Prince of Orange died, and <mask> took over the title, but also his father's claims on the inheritance in the Nassau lands.<mask> the Frst became the Prince of a diverse assembly of Nassau lands that had belonged to other branches of the House of Nassau after developments in Germany. Tensions between Austria and France became intense before this came about. <mask> was wounded in the Battle of Wagram when he was a member of the staff of the Austrian supreme commander. The restoration of the Netherlands was led by <mask> of Russia. In March 1813, Prince <mask> VI met with Alexander I. Alexander promised to help restore an independent Netherlands with <mask> as king. Russian troops in the Netherlands were involved in restoring the dynasty.Dynastic considerations of marriage between the royal houses of Great Britain and the Netherlands assured British approval. The French troops retreated to France after Napoleon's defeat. Napoleon annexed the Netherlands to the French Empire in 1812. The cities were evacuated by the French occupation troops. A number of former Orangist politicians formed a government after the power vacuum. It was taken for granted that <mask>'s son would have to lead a new government 18 years after he was deposed. It would be better for the Dutch to restore him than for the Great Powers to impose him on the country.The Dutch welcomed the prince after the departure of the French, who had ruined the Dutch economy. After being invited by the Triumvirate of 1813, <mask> disembarked from and landed at Scheveningen beach, only a few yards from the place where he had left the country with his father 18 years before. <mask> declared himself the "Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands". He wanted the rights of the people to be guaranteed. The constitution gave <mask> a lot of powers. The ministers were responsible for him, while the unicameral parliament only had limited power. On March 30, 1814, he was inaugurated as a prince in the New Church in Amsterdam.He was appointed Governor-General of the former Austrian Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Lige by the Allied Powers who occupied that country. In exchange for trading his German lands to Prussia and the Duke of Nassau, he was made the Grand Duke of Luxembourg. The secret Eight Articles of London were used by the Great Powers to unite the Low Countries into a single kingdom. France was thought to be kept in check by a united country on the North Sea. <mask> fulfilled his family's dream of unifying the Low Countries with the addition of the Austrian Netherlands and Luxembourg. <mask> proclaimed the Netherlands a kingdom at the urging of the powers gathered at the Congress of Vienna. <mask> was a commander at the Battle of Waterloo.<mask> adopted a new constitution after Napoleon was sent into exile. He was confirmed as the hereditary ruler of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands at the Congress of Vienna. The States General was divided into two chambers. The King appointed the Eerste Kamer. The Tweede Kamer was elected by the Provincial States, who then chose the House of Commons. The population of the South was 3.5 million more than the population of the North, which was 2 million. The King's laws were approved by the States General.The functions and composition of the Dutch political institutions have changed over the years. The constitution was not accepted in the South. The cause of the Belgian Revolution was the under-representation of the South. <mask> interpreted all abstentions to be yes votes in the referendum. He gave the people copper coins in his inauguration, which led to his first nickname, the Copper King. King <mask>'s policies focused on economic progress. His second nickname was the King-Merchant.One of the most important institutions of Belgium after its independence was founded in 1822 by him. The industry flourished in the South. He founded three universities in the Southern provinces, including a new University of Lige. The centre of trade was in the Northern provinces. The colonies created great wealth for the Kingdom. Money flowed into the hands of Dutch directors. Only a few Belgians made money from the economic growth.The Belgian uprising was caused by feelings of economic inequity. <mask> was determined to create a unified people even though the north and south had different cultures and economies. The north was commercial, Protestant and entirely Dutch-speaking, while the south was industrial, Roman Catholic and divided between Dutch and French-speakers. The kingdom had a separation of church and state. <mask> was a strong supporter of the church. The people in the mostly Catholic south were upset. <mask> created controversial language and school policies.The French-speaking aristocracy and industrial workers were angered by the fact that Dutch was the official language. Schools in the Kingdom were required to teach students in the Dutch language. The King wanted to destroy Catholicism and the French language in the South. In August 1830, Daniel Auber's opera La muette de Portici was staged. The show spread a sense of nationalism and Hollandophobia to the rest of the South. The riots were aimed at the kingdom's unpopular justice minister. <mask> sent troops to suppress the riots.The riots spread to other Southern cities. The riots became popular. The state of Belgium emerged from the 1830 Revolution. <mask> sent his sons <mask>, the Prince of Orange, and Frederick to invade the new state. The Dutch army was forced to retreat after the threat of French intervention. The Dutch never regained control over Belgium despite some support for the Orange dynasty. <mask> continued the war for eight years.His economic success was overshadowed by the war effort. The Dutch economy was hurt by the high costs of the war. <mask> was forced to end the war. The northern part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands became the Kingdom of the Netherlands after the Treaty of London was signed. It was not renamed as the "United"-prefix had never been part of its official name, but historians added it for descriptive purposes. The Republic of Weimar. The United Kingdom of the Netherlands had to be removed from the constitution in order to initiate abdication in later life.The introduction of judicial ministerial responsibility was included in the constitutional changes. The prerogative was now in the hands of parliament. <mask> couldn't live with the changes to the constitution. He wanted to abdicate because of his disappointment about the loss of Belgium and his desire to marry a Roman Catholic. His oldest son, <mask> II, became king on 7 October 1840. <mask> died in Berlin at the age of 71. King <mask> I had six children with his wife Wilhelmina.King <mask> of the Netherlands died in 1849. Anna Pavlovna was married to a Russian grand duke. There was a stillborn son in the Palace. Louise, his first cousin, was the daughter of <mask> <mask> of Prussia. Charlotte Wilhelmina was born in Berlin on 1 March 1800 and died in Freienwalde on 22 December 1806. There was a stillborn son in Berlin. Charlotte Wilhelmina was married to Prince Albert of Prussia on September 14, 1830.They divorced in 1849. The founder and Grand Master of the Military Order of William was also the founder and Grand Master of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. "Retreat from Liberalism: <mask> I, Freedom of the Press, Political Asylum, and the Foreign Relations of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, 1814-1818" was a PhD thesis. There is an abstract in the International 2003 Vol. The Dutch Royal House website has information on births and deaths.

12157865

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Paine

Michael Paine

Michael Ralph Paine (June 25, 1928 – March 1, 2018) was an engineer. He became notable after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, because he was an acquaintance of the President's assassin Lee Harvey Oswald. His wife, Ruth Hyde Paine, housed Lee's estranged wife, Marina Oswald, in her home for several months before the assassination until the day after it. Early life Paine was born in New York, New York. His father was Lyman Paine, an architect and activist. His mother was Ruth Forbes Young financial backer of International Peace Academy and daughter of Elise Cabot Forbes, a scion of the Cabot family. He had one sibling: Cameron Paine. Paine graduated from high school in New York in 1947. He attended Harvard University for two years in 1947-1949 and Swarthmore College for a year, but did not graduate. Career After serving in the U.S. Army, Paine worked a few months for Griswold Manufacturing Co. After that, Paine worked at the Bartol Research Foundation in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania for about a year. He then worked for his mother's third husband Arthur M. Young, making helicopter models in Pennsylvania. In 1958, Paine became employed at Bell Helicopter through Young, his stepfather and designer of the first commercial helicopter, Bell 47. Personal life In 1957, he married Ruth Avery Hyde in Pennsylvania. They had two children: Lynn (b. 1959) and Christopher (b. 1961). In 1959, they relocated to 2525 West Fifth Street in Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. when Paine began work at a Bell Helicopter facility in Fort Worth. One issue is whether the Minox camera found in the Paine garage belonged to Lee Oswald or to Michael Paine. Another issue is what activities Lee Oswald and Michael Paine had in common, given Michael Paine's statement to Frontline (Who Was Lee Harvey Oswald?, PBS) that he and Lee Oswald shared unspecified interests. In late September 1962, Paine and his wife Ruth separated, Ruth asked him to have his personal belongings moved out of the house by the time she got back home from traveling around the United States that summer. According to Michael, it was not he, but Ruth who pushed to legally end their marriage. As their divorce made its way through the legal system until it ended in 1970, the Paines continued to see films at the theater together, and their Madrigal singing as a couple continued. Michael kept his own apartment in Arington, Texas, while Ruth remained with Lynn and Christopher in the Irving home. In the end, the divorce was amicable, and Michael kept a very favorable view of Ruth. On February 22, 1963, Ruth Paine attended a party held at the home of her fellow madrigal singer, Everett Glover, who knew that Ruth was learning to speak Russian and thought she might be interested in meeting a couple he knew, Marina and Lee Harvey Oswald. Lee had defected to Russia after serving in the Marine Corps, and Marina was Russian-born. They had recently returned to the United States with their young daughter, June. Everett invited many of his engineer friends in Dallas to attend, including George de Mohrenschildt, Volkmar Schmidt, Michael Paine, and many others. Everett thought they would all be interested in interviewing Lee Harvey Oswald. He also thought that Ruth would enjoy practicing her Russian conversation skills with a native Russian speaker, Marina Oswald. Michael Paine caught a cold that night, and didn't go, but Ruth Paine did go to the party, and met Marina Oswald for the first time. Ruth started a close friendship with Marina that would last until the JFK Assassination. Relationship with Lee Harvey Oswald As April 1963 began, Ruth planned to cook dinner for the Oswalds at her home, and she asked Michael to pick them up and drive them to her house. (The Oswalds had no car.) Michael met the Oswalds for the first time on April 2, 1963. when he picked up Lee, Marina, and their baby daughter, June at their apartment at 214 West Neely Street in Dallas. Before he drove them to Ruth's house, he had to endure a long wait as Marina got ready. From the start (Michael told the Warren Commission) he took an immediate dislike toward Lee Oswald, who continually barked orders at his wife, Marina, from the living room, without lifting a finger to help her. Lee's demeaning words directed at his wife offended Michael, who told author Thomas Mallon that he pitied Marina for "having to take these whiplashes meekly and quietly and obediently." Michael neglected to tell the Warren Commission, however, that Lee Harvey Oswald had also used that time to speak with Michael about his fervent political views, and to proudly display to Michael a now-famous "backyard photograph." This was one of four known photos of Lee holding his rifle, wearing his pistol, and displaying two Marxist newspapers. (The photo looked fake, but Lee Oswald was known to have made fake ID's at the printing shop in which he had been working around that time.) On the contrary, Michael swore to the Warren Commission that he had 'no idea' that Lee Harvey Oswald ever had a rifle. In 1993, however, Michael Paine told Gus Russo, author of 'Live by the Sword' (1998) that Lee Oswald showed him this famous Backyard Photograph at their first meeting on April 2, 1963. Over the next seven months, Michael told the Warren Commission, he was continually upset by the fact that Lee Oswald refused to let Marina learn to read, speak, or write in English. But Michael did not emphasize for the Warren Commission the several talks that he had with Lee Oswald about the radical right wing and resigned General Edwin Walker, who had been making trouble for JFK since October 1962. All he knew was that he and Lee Oswald 'agreed' about General Walker. The Warren Commission was far more interested in the fact that Lee Harvey Oswald lived in a rented room in Dallas, but stored most of his possessions in Paine's garage. This is because Marina Oswald told Dallas Police that Lee Oswald kept an army rifle there, wrapped in a blanket. Michael Paine told the Warren Commission that he always thought it was camping equipment. Paine's wife helped Oswald get a job at the Texas School Book Depository. Paine's testimony would later become a central feature of the Warren Commission's investigation of the assassination, particularly in regard to the presence of the purported assassination rifle in the garage of his family home. Paine and his wife were portrayed in Oliver Stone's JFK as characters called "Bill and Janet Williams," presumably to avoid legal action. In 1964, Paine testified that he was a member of the American Civil Liberties Union. The Santa Rosa Press Democrat reported that Paine died March 1, 2018, in Sebastopol, California. References 1928 births 2018 deaths Engineers from New York City Harvard University alumni People associated with the assassination of John F. Kennedy Military personnel from New York City Swarthmore College alumni

<mask> (June 25, 1928 – March 1, 2018) was an engineer. He became notable after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, because he was an acquaintance of the President's assassin Lee Harvey Oswald. His wife, <mask>, housed Lee's estranged wife, Marina Oswald, in her home for several months before the assassination until the day after it. Early life <mask> was born in New York, New York. His father was <mask>, an architect and activist. His mother was Ruth Forbes Young financial backer of International Peace Academy and daughter of Elise Cabot Forbes, a scion of the Cabot family. He had one sibling: <mask>.Paine graduated from high school in New York in 1947. He attended Harvard University for two years in 1947-1949 and Swarthmore College for a year, but did not graduate. Career After serving in the U.S. Army, Paine worked a few months for Griswold Manufacturing Co. After that, Paine worked at the Bartol Research Foundation in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania for about a year. He then worked for his mother's third husband Arthur M. Young, making helicopter models in Pennsylvania. In 1958, Paine became employed at Bell Helicopter through Young, his stepfather and designer of the first commercial helicopter, Bell 47. Personal life In 1957, he married Ruth Avery Hyde in Pennsylvania. They had two children: Lynn (b.1959) and Christopher (b. 1961). In 1959, they relocated to 2525 West Fifth Street in Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. when Paine began work at a Bell Helicopter facility in Fort Worth. One issue is whether the Minox camera found in the Paine garage belonged to Lee Oswald or to <mask>e. Another issue is what activities Lee Oswald and <mask> had in common, given <mask>'s statement to Frontline (Who Was Lee Harvey Oswald?, PBS) that he and Lee Oswald shared unspecified interests. In late September 1962, Paine and his wife Ruth separated, Ruth asked him to have his personal belongings moved out of the house by the time she got back home from traveling around the United States that summer.According to <mask>, it was not he, but Ruth who pushed to legally end their marriage. As their divorce made its way through the legal system until it ended in 1970, the Paines continued to see films at the theater together, and their Madrigal singing as a couple continued. <mask> kept his own apartment in Arington, Texas, while Ruth remained with Lynn and Christopher in the Irving home. In the end, the divorce was amicable, and <mask> kept a very favorable view of Ruth. On February 22, 1963, <mask> attended a party held at the home of her fellow madrigal singer, Everett Glover, who knew that Ruth was learning to speak Russian and thought she might be interested in meeting a couple he knew, Marina and Lee Harvey Oswald. Lee had defected to Russia after serving in the Marine Corps, and Marina was Russian-born. They had recently returned to the United States with their young daughter, June.Everett invited many of his engineer friends in Dallas to attend, including George de Mohrenschildt, Volkmar Schmidt, <mask>, and many others. Everett thought they would all be interested in interviewing Lee Harvey Oswald. He also thought that Ruth would enjoy practicing her Russian conversation skills with a native Russian speaker, Marina Oswald. <mask>e caught a cold that night, and didn't go, but <mask> did go to the party, and met Marina Oswald for the first time. Ruth started a close friendship with Marina that would last until the JFK Assassination. Relationship with Lee Harvey Oswald As April 1963 began, Ruth planned to cook dinner for the Oswalds at her home, and she asked <mask> to pick them up and drive them to her house. (The Oswalds had no car.)<mask> met the Oswalds for the first time on April 2, 1963. when he picked up Lee, Marina, and their baby daughter, June at their apartment at 214 West Neely Street in Dallas. Before he drove them to Ruth's house, he had to endure a long wait as Marina got ready. From the start (<mask> told the Warren Commission) he took an immediate dislike toward Lee Oswald, who continually barked orders at his wife, Marina, from the living room, without lifting a finger to help her. Lee's demeaning words directed at his wife offended <mask>, who told author Thomas Mallon that he pitied Marina for "having to take these whiplashes meekly and quietly and obediently." <mask> neglected to tell the Warren Commission, however, that Lee Harvey Oswald had also used that time to speak with <mask> about his fervent political views, and to proudly display to <mask> a now-famous "backyard photograph." This was one of four known photos of Lee holding his rifle, wearing his pistol, and displaying two Marxist newspapers. (The photo looked fake, but Lee Oswald was known to have made fake ID's at the printing shop in which he had been working around that time.)On the contrary, <mask> swore to the Warren Commission that he had 'no idea' that Lee Harvey Oswald ever had a rifle. In 1993, however, <mask> told Gus Russo, author of 'Live by the Sword' (1998) that Lee Oswald showed him this famous Backyard Photograph at their first meeting on April 2, 1963. Over the next seven months, <mask> told the Warren Commission, he was continually upset by the fact that Lee Oswald refused to let Marina learn to read, speak, or write in English. But <mask> did not emphasize for the Warren Commission the several talks that he had with Lee Oswald about the radical right wing and resigned General Edwin Walker, who had been making trouble for JFK since October 1962. All he knew was that he and Lee Oswald 'agreed' about General Walker. The Warren Commission was far more interested in the fact that Lee Harvey Oswald lived in a rented room in Dallas, but stored most of his possessions in Paine's garage. This is because Marina Oswald told Dallas Police that Lee Oswald kept an army rifle there, wrapped in a blanket.<mask> told the Warren Commission that he always thought it was camping equipment. <mask>'s wife helped Oswald get a job at the Texas School Book Depository. <mask>'s testimony would later become a central feature of the Warren Commission's investigation of the assassination, particularly in regard to the presence of the purported assassination rifle in the garage of his family home. <mask> and his wife were portrayed in Oliver Stone's JFK as characters called "Bill and Janet Williams," presumably to avoid legal action. In 1964, Paine testified that he was a member of the American Civil Liberties Union. The Santa Rosa Press Democrat reported that <mask> died March 1, 2018, in Sebastopol, California. References 1928 births 2018 deaths Engineers from New York City Harvard University alumni People associated with the assassination of John F. Kennedy Military personnel from New York City Swarthmore College alumni

He was an engineer. He became known after the assassination of the President. Marina Oswald was housed in <mask>'s home until the day after the assassination. He was born in New York. His father was an activist. His mother was a financial backer of the International Peace Academy and his sister was a member. He had a sibling.In 1947, he graduated from New York high school. He attended Harvard University for two years in 1947-1949, but did not graduate. After serving in the U.S. Army, Paine worked for a few months for a manufacturing company. He made helicopter models for Arthur M. Young. Young was the designer of the first commercial helicopter, Bell 47. In 1957, he married Ruth Hyde. They had two children.Christopher was born in 1959 1961. They moved to 2525 West Fifth Street in Irving, Texas, in 1959. There was a Bell Helicopter facility in Fort Worth. One issue is whether the Minox camera found in the garage belonged to <mask> or Lee Oswald. There is an issue of what activities Lee Oswald and <mask>e had in common. In 1962, Ruth asked Paine to have his personal belongings moved out of the house by the time she got back from traveling around the United States.According to <mask>, it was Ruth who ended their marriage. After their divorce ended in 1970, the Paines continued to see films at the theater with their Madrigal singing. <mask>'s apartment was in Arington, Texas, while Ruth's was in Irving. <mask> kept a very favorable view of Ruth after the divorce. On February 22, 1963, Ruth attended a party at the home of her fellow madrigal singer, who knew that she was learning to speak Russian and thought she might be interested in meeting a couple he knew, Marina and Lee Harvey Oswald. Lee and Marina were both in the Marine Corps and defected to Russia. June had recently returned to the United States with her parents.Many of his engineer friends in Dallas were invited to attend. They would all be interested in interviewing Lee Harvey Oswald. He thought that Ruth would enjoy practicing her Russian conversation skills with Marina Oswald. <mask> went to the party and met Marina Oswald for the first time after catching a cold that night. Ruth and Marina were friends until the JFK assassination. Ruth asked <mask> to drive the Oswalds to her house because she wanted to cook dinner for them. The Oswalds didn't have a car.The Oswalds met <mask> for the first time on April 2, 1963. He had to wait for Marina to get ready before he drove them to Ruth's house. Lee Oswald barked orders at his wife, Marina, from the living room, without lifting a finger to help her. <mask> told author Thomas Mallon that Lee pitied Marina for having to take the whiplashes meekly and quietly. <mask> neglected to tell the Warren Commission that Lee Harvey Oswald had used that time to speak with <mask> about his political views, and to proudly display a now-famous "backyard photograph." There are four known photos of Lee holding his rifle, wearing his pistol, and displaying two Marxist newspapers. The photo looked fake, but Lee Oswald was known to have made fake ID's at the printing shop where he worked.<mask> swore to the Warren Commission that he had no idea that Lee Harvey Oswald had a rifle. The author of 'Live by the Sword' said in 1993 that Lee Oswald showed him the Backyard Photograph at their first meeting. <mask> told the Warren Commission that he was upset by the fact that Lee Oswald wouldn't let Marina learn to read, speak or write in English. <mask> did not mention the talks he had with Lee Oswald about the radical right wing and the resignation of General Walker, who had been making trouble for JFK since October 1962. He didn't know that he and Lee Oswald agreed about General Walker. The Warren Commission was interested in the fact that Lee Harvey Oswald lived in a rented room in Dallas, but kept most of his possessions in the garage. Marina Oswald told Dallas Police that Lee Oswald had a rifle wrapped in a blanket.<mask> told the commission that he thought it was camping gear. Oswald got a job at the Texas School Book Depository. The presence of the assassination rifle in the garage of his family home was a central feature of the Warren Commission's investigation of the assassination. In Oliver Stone's JFK, Bill and Janet Williams were portrayed as Paine and his wife. In 1964, he testified that he was a member of the American Civil Liberties Union. The Santa Rosa Press Democrat reported that Paine died in California. People associated with the assassination of John F. Kennedy are from New York City.

178792

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Blaffer%20Hrdy

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

Sarah Hrdy (née Blaffer; born July 11, 1946) is an American anthropologist and primatologist who has made major contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. She is considered "a highly recognized pioneer in modernizing our understanding of the evolutionary basis of female behavior in both nonhuman and human primates". In 2013, Hrdy received a Lifetime Career Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution from the Human Behavior and Evolution Society. Hrdy is a Professor Emerita of the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis. She has also been an Associate at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University. She has been selected as one of the 21 Leaders in Animal Behavior (2009). In acknowledgment of her achievements, Discover magazine recognized her in 2002 as one of the 50 most important women in science. Biography Early life Sarah Blaffer was born on July 11, 1946, in Dallas, Texas. She was a granddaughter of Sarah Campbell Blaffer and Robert Lee Blaffer, a co-founder of Humble Oil. She was raised in Houston and attended St. John's School there. Education At age 18, Blaffer attended her mother's alma mater, Wellesley College in Massachusetts. She chose philosophy as her major, and she took creative writing courses. In one of her writing classes, she wrote a novel about Mayan culture. This decision led to Hrdy researching folklore of the Maya. In the end, she found the research more stimulating than the creation of the novel. She eventually transferred to Radcliffe College and majored in anthropology. Her undergraduate thesis on the demon H'ik'al became the basis for her first book, The Black Man of Zincantan, published in 1972. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, and graduated summa cum laude from Radcliffe in 1969 with a BA. Interested in making films to teach people in developing countries, Hrdy took film-making courses at Stanford, but was disappointed with them. Instead she was inspired by a Stanford class taught by Paul Ehrlich on the problems of overpopulation, and remarks by Harvard professor Irven DeVore, about black-faced Indian monkeys called langurs. Hrdy was taught that when numbers got too high within the troop, the male langurs would kill the babies in their group. Hrdy changed course in mid-year and entered Harvard as a graduate student in 1970 to study primate behavior. She focused her PhD research around a field study of Hanuman langurs. On the advice of Professor S.M. Mohnot, it was carried out in the area of Mount Abu, India. Her thesis advisor was Irven DeVore. She also worked closely with members of her thesis committee such as the evolutionary biologist Robert L. Trivers and E. O. Wilson. She received her thesis from Harvard in 1975. Family Sarah Blaffer met Daniel Hrdy at Harvard. He accompanied her on early visits to Mount Abu, and they married in 1972 in Kathmandu. They have three children: Katrinka (born 1976); Sasha (born 1982), a week before Hrdy was scheduled to present a paper at Cornell University; and Niko (born 1986). Sarah Blaffer Hrdy now lives with her husband in northern California, where they operate the Citrona Farms walnut plantation. Career Hrdy alternated research work in India with time at Harvard until around 1979, when she became quite ill while doing research in the field. From 1979 until 1984, she focused on writing and teaching at Harvard. In 1984, she joined the University of California at Davis as a professor of anthropology. Hrdy retired in 1996, becoming a professor emerita of anthropology at UC Davis, where she continues to be involved with the Animal Behavior Graduate Group. Research The Langurs of Abu Sarah Hrdy first became interested in langurs during an undergraduate primate behavior class taught by anthropologist Irven DeVore in 1968. DeVore commented on the relationship between crowding and the killing of infants in langur colonies. After graduation, Hrdy returned to Harvard for graduate studies, with the goal of better understanding the phenomenon of infanticide in langur colonies. Working under the supervision of DeVore and Trivers provided Hrdy with an introduction to a newly emerging outlook on the social world—that of sociobiology—which crystallized at Harvard in the early 1970s and shaped Hrdy's enduring perspective on primatology. Hrdy's PhD thesis tested the hypothesis that overcrowding causes infanticide in langur colonies. She went to Mount Abu in India to study Hanuman langurs and concluded that infanticide was independent of overcrowding—it was possibly an evolutionary tactic: When an outside male takes over a group, he usually proceeds to kill all infants. This postulated tactic would be very advantageous to the male langurs who practiced infanticide. Turnover in a langur tribe occurs approximately every 27 months. The male who is taking over has a very small window of opportunity to pass on his genes. If the females are nursing infants, it's likely that they won't ovulate for another year. Killing their dependent infants makes the females once again receptive to mating. Female choice is subverted, as females are put under pressure to ovulate and are forced to breed with the infanticidal males. This is where the idea of sexual counter-strategies comes into play. Hrdy theorized that by mating with as many males as possible, particularly males who are not part of the colony, mothers are able to successfully protect their young, as males were unlikely to kill an infant if there was the slightest chance that it might be their own. That gives an illusion of paternity. The goal of the male langur is to maximize the proportion of his offspring and, as Hrdy points out, a male who attacks his own offspring is rapidly selected against. While infanticide has been seemingly preserved across primate orders, Hrdy found no evidence to suggest that the human species has a 'genetic imperative' for infanticide. In 1975, Hrdy was awarded her PhD for her research on langurs. In 1977 it was published in her second book, The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. The controversy in the anthropology realm that her research sparked was not surprising—the classic belief that primates act for the good of the group was discarded, and the field of sociobiology gained increasing support. Many mistakenly assumed that she implied existence of an 'infanticidal gene' that could be conserved across primates. Today, her results and conclusions are widely accepted. Even Trivers, who once dismissed her convictions, admits that her theory regarding female sexual strategies has "worn well." The Woman That Never Evolved Hrdy's third book came out in 1981: The Woman That Never Evolved. She begins chapter one with a sentence indicating that the results of her work suggest females should be given a lot more credibility than previously thought. "Biology, it is sometimes thought, has worked against women." Here, Hrdy expands upon female primate strategies. The book is one of The New York Times''' Notable Books of 1981. In 1984, Hrdy co-edited Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. It was selected as a 1984–1985 "Outstanding Academic Book" by Choice, the journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries. Mother Nature In 1999, Hrdy published Mother Nature: Maternal Instincts and How They Shape the Human Species. She examines "human mothers and infants in a broader comparative and evolutionary framework," informing and forming views of mother-infant interdependence from a sociobiological viewpoint. She discusses how mothers are continually making trade-offs between quality and quantity, and weighing the best possible actions for them and their infant. Hrdy's view is that there is no defined 'maternal instinct': It depends on a number of variables and is therefore not innate, as once thought. She also stands by her view that humans have evolved as cooperative breeders, making them essentially unable to raise offspring without a helper. This is where the concept of allomothering comes in—relatives other than the mother, such as the father, grandparents, and older siblings, as well as genetically unrelated helpers, such as nannies, nurses, and child care groups, who spend time with an infant, leaving the mother with more free time to meet her own needs. Mothers and Others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding In Mother Nature Hrdy argued that apes with the life history attributes of Homo sapiens could not have evolved unless alloparents in addition to parents had helped to care for and provision offspring, "the Cooperative Breeding Hypothesis". In 2009 in Mothers and Others, Hrdy explored cognitive and emotional implications for infants growing up in what was (for an ape) a novel developmental context. Instead of relying on the single-minded dedication of their mothers, youngsters had to monitor and engage multiple caretakers as well. Other apes possess cognitive wiring for rudimentary Theory of Mind, but with cooperative rearing, relevant potentials for mentalizing would have become more fully expressed, and thus rendered more visible to natural selection. Over generations, those youngsters better at inter-subjective engagement would have been best cared for and fed, leading to directional Darwinian selection favoring peculiarly human capacities for intersubjective engagement. In 2014, Mothers and Others, together with earlier work, earned Hrdy the National Academy's Award for Scientific Reviewing in honor of her "insightful and visionary synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance of biosocial processes among mothers, infants, and other social actors in forming the evolutionary crucible of human societies." Because of her research on parenting, Hrdy is a strong advocate for making affordable child care a priority. Philanthropy The Sarah and Daniel Hrdy Visiting Fellowship in Conservation Biology is given to a student for scientific study and work in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Bibliography Books 1972: The Black-man of Zinacantan: A Central American Legend. The Texas Pan American Series. Austin: University of Texas Press. . 1977: The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. . 1981: The Woman that Never Evolved. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Chosen by the New York Times Book Review as one of Notable Books of the Year in Science and Social Science.) 1982, Japanese edition, Tokyo: Shisaku-sha Publishing; 1984, 5th printing of paperback edition, Cambridge; 1984, 1st French edition, Des guenons et des femmes. Paris: Editions Tierce, in press, 2nd French edition, Paris: Payot et Rivage; 1985, Italian edition, La Donna Che Non si E'evoluta, Franco Angeli Editore. . 1984: Hausfater, G. and S. Hrdy, eds. Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. New York: Aldine Publishing Co. (Selected as one of the 1984-85 "Outstanding Academic Books" by Choice, the Journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries.) . 1999: Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants and Natural Selection. New York: Pantheon. A BOMC Alternative Selection; selected by Publishers Weekly and by the Library Journal as one of Best Books of 1999 and a finalist for PEN USA West 2000 Literary Award for Research Nonfiction. Won the Howells Prize for Outstanding Contribution to Biological Anthropology. (Published in UK as Mother Nature: Natural selection and the female of the species. London: Chatto and Windus); also translated into Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Japanese, Korean and Polish. . 2001: "The Past, Present, and Future of the Human Family." The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Delivered at University of Utah February 27 and 28, 2001. 2005: The 92nd Dahlem Workshop Report, "Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis." Edited by C. S. Carter, L. Ahnert, K. E. Grossmann, S. B. Hrdy, M. E. Lamb, S. W. Porges, and N. Sachser. ©MIT Press. . 2009: Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. . 2010: Myths, monkeys and motherhood: An intellectual autobiography. In Lee Drickamer and Donald Dewsbury (eds.), Leaders in Animal Behavior: The Second Generation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 343–344 Films 1977: Hrdy, S., D. B. Hrdy and John Melville Bishop. Stolen copulations; Play and Kidnapped, 16 mm, color. 1980: Hrdy, S., Vishnu Mathur and William Whitehead. "Hanuman langur: Monkey of India," 30 minutes, color. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Available on video cassette: CBC Enterprises, P.O. Box 500, Station A, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5W 1E6. 1983: "Treatment for film on reproductive strategies of female primates," for BBC Natural History Unit, Bristol, UK. 1988: "Monkeys of Abu." National Geographic Explorer. May 1988. 1990: Nature Advisory Board, Channel Thirteen New York for series on the natural history of sex. 1990: Consultant for "Human Nature" for the British Broadcasting Corporation, Bristol, UK. 2001: Advisor for PBS series Evolution. Awards 1981, NYT Notable Books of 1981, The Woman That Never Evolved 1985, Elected, California Academy of Sciences 1987–88, Guggenheim Fellow 1988, Radcliffe Graduate Society Medal 1990, Elected, National Academy of Sciences 1992, Elected, American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1999, Publishers Weekly, "Best Books of 1999", Mother Nature 1999, Library Journal, "Best Books of 1999", Mother Nature 2001, Howells Prize for Outstanding Contributions to Biological Anthropology, Mother Nature 2003, University of California Panunzio award 2007, Centennial Medal, Harvard GSAS 2011, Elected American Philosophical Society 2012, Staley Prize from School of Advanced Research for Mothers and Others 2012, Howells Prize for Mothers and Others'' 2013, HBES Lifetime Career Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution, from Human Behavior and Evolution Society 2014, NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing for "For her insightful and visionary synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance of biosocial processes among mothers, infants, and other social actors in forming the evolutionary crucible of human societies." References 1946 births Evolutionary psychologists Human evolution theorists Human Behavior and Evolution Society Living people Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Writers from Dallas Writers from Houston Women primatologists Radcliffe College alumni Wellesley College alumni Evolutionary biologists Women evolutionary biologists St. John's School (Texas) alumni

<mask> (née Blaffer; born July 11, 1946) is an American anthropologist and primatologist who has made major contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. She is considered "a highly recognized pioneer in modernizing our understanding of the evolutionary basis of female behavior in both nonhuman and human primates". In 2013, <mask> received a Lifetime Career Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution from the Human Behavior and Evolution Society. <mask> is a Professor Emerita of the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis. She has also been an Associate at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University. She has been selected as one of the 21 Leaders in Animal Behavior (2009). In acknowledgment of her achievements, Discover magazine recognized her in 2002 as one of the 50 most important women in science.Biography Early life <mask> was born on July 11, 1946, in Dallas, Texas. She was a granddaughter of <mask> <mask> and Robert Lee <mask>, a co-founder of Humble Oil. She was raised in Houston and attended St. John's School there. Education At age 18, Blaffer attended her mother's alma mater, Wellesley College in Massachusetts. She chose philosophy as her major, and she took creative writing courses. In one of her writing classes, she wrote a novel about Mayan culture. This decision led to Hrdy researching folklore of the Maya.In the end, she found the research more stimulating than the creation of the novel. She eventually transferred to Radcliffe College and majored in anthropology. Her undergraduate thesis on the demon H'ik'al became the basis for her first book, The Black Man of Zincantan, published in 1972. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, and graduated summa cum laude from Radcliffe in 1969 with a BA. Interested in making films to teach people in developing countries, Hrdy took film-making courses at Stanford, but was disappointed with them. Instead she was inspired by a Stanford class taught by Paul Ehrlich on the problems of overpopulation, and remarks by Harvard professor Irven DeVore, about black-faced Indian monkeys called langurs. Hrdy was taught that when numbers got too high within the troop, the male langurs would kill the babies in their group.Hrdy changed course in mid-year and entered Harvard as a graduate student in 1970 to study primate behavior. She focused her PhD research around a field study of Hanuman langurs. On the advice of Professor S.M. Mohnot, it was carried out in the area of Mount Abu, India. Her thesis advisor was Irven DeVore. She also worked closely with members of her thesis committee such as the evolutionary biologist Robert L. Trivers and E. O. Wilson. She received her thesis from Harvard in 1975.Family <mask> met <mask> at Harvard. He accompanied her on early visits to Mount Abu, and they married in 1972 in Kathmandu. They have three children: Katrinka (born 1976); Sasha (born 1982), a week before <mask> was scheduled to present a paper at Cornell University; and Niko (born 1986). <mask> <mask> now lives with her husband in northern California, where they operate the Citrona Farms walnut plantation. Career Hrdy alternated research work in India with time at Harvard until around 1979, when she became quite ill while doing research in the field. From 1979 until 1984, she focused on writing and teaching at Harvard. In 1984, she joined the University of California at Davis as a professor of anthropology.<mask> retired in 1996, becoming a professor emerita of anthropology at UC Davis, where she continues to be involved with the Animal Behavior Graduate Group. Research The Langurs of Abu <mask> first became interested in langurs during an undergraduate primate behavior class taught by anthropologist Irven DeVore in 1968. DeVore commented on the relationship between crowding and the killing of infants in langur colonies. After graduation, <mask> returned to Harvard for graduate studies, with the goal of better understanding the phenomenon of infanticide in langur colonies. Working under the supervision of DeVore and Trivers provided <mask> with an introduction to a newly emerging outlook on the social world—that of sociobiology—which crystallized at Harvard in the early 1970s and shaped <mask>'s enduring perspective on primatology. <mask>'s PhD thesis tested the hypothesis that overcrowding causes infanticide in langur colonies. She went to Mount Abu in India to study Hanuman langurs and concluded that infanticide was independent of overcrowding—it was possibly an evolutionary tactic: When an outside male takes over a group, he usually proceeds to kill all infants.This postulated tactic would be very advantageous to the male langurs who practiced infanticide. Turnover in a langur tribe occurs approximately every 27 months. The male who is taking over has a very small window of opportunity to pass on his genes. If the females are nursing infants, it's likely that they won't ovulate for another year. Killing their dependent infants makes the females once again receptive to mating. Female choice is subverted, as females are put under pressure to ovulate and are forced to breed with the infanticidal males. This is where the idea of sexual counter-strategies comes into play.<mask> theorized that by mating with as many males as possible, particularly males who are not part of the colony, mothers are able to successfully protect their young, as males were unlikely to kill an infant if there was the slightest chance that it might be their own. That gives an illusion of paternity. The goal of the male langur is to maximize the proportion of his offspring and, as <mask> points out, a male who attacks his own offspring is rapidly selected against. While infanticide has been seemingly preserved across primate orders, <mask> found no evidence to suggest that the human species has a 'genetic imperative' for infanticide. In 1975, <mask> was awarded her PhD for her research on langurs. In 1977 it was published in her second book, The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. The controversy in the anthropology realm that her research sparked was not surprising—the classic belief that primates act for the good of the group was discarded, and the field of sociobiology gained increasing support.Many mistakenly assumed that she implied existence of an 'infanticidal gene' that could be conserved across primates. Today, her results and conclusions are widely accepted. Even Trivers, who once dismissed her convictions, admits that her theory regarding female sexual strategies has "worn well." The Woman That Never Evolved Hrdy's third book came out in 1981: The Woman That Never Evolved. She begins chapter one with a sentence indicating that the results of her work suggest females should be given a lot more credibility than previously thought. "Biology, it is sometimes thought, has worked against women." Here, Hrdy expands upon female primate strategies.The book is one of The New York Times''' Notable Books of 1981. In 1984, <mask> co-edited Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. It was selected as a 1984–1985 "Outstanding Academic Book" by Choice, the journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries. Mother Nature In 1999, <mask> published Mother Nature: Maternal Instincts and How They Shape the Human Species. She examines "human mothers and infants in a broader comparative and evolutionary framework," informing and forming views of mother-infant interdependence from a sociobiological viewpoint. She discusses how mothers are continually making trade-offs between quality and quantity, and weighing the best possible actions for them and their infant. <mask>'s view is that there is no defined 'maternal instinct': It depends on a number of variables and is therefore not innate, as once thought.She also stands by her view that humans have evolved as cooperative breeders, making them essentially unable to raise offspring without a helper. This is where the concept of allomothering comes in—relatives other than the mother, such as the father, grandparents, and older siblings, as well as genetically unrelated helpers, such as nannies, nurses, and child care groups, who spend time with an infant, leaving the mother with more free time to meet her own needs. Mothers and Others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding In Mother Nature Hrdy argued that apes with the life history attributes of Homo sapiens could not have evolved unless alloparents in addition to parents had helped to care for and provision offspring, "the Cooperative Breeding Hypothesis". In 2009 in Mothers and Others, Hrdy explored cognitive and emotional implications for infants growing up in what was (for an ape) a novel developmental context. Instead of relying on the single-minded dedication of their mothers, youngsters had to monitor and engage multiple caretakers as well. Other apes possess cognitive wiring for rudimentary Theory of Mind, but with cooperative rearing, relevant potentials for mentalizing would have become more fully expressed, and thus rendered more visible to natural selection. Over generations, those youngsters better at inter-subjective engagement would have been best cared for and fed, leading to directional Darwinian selection favoring peculiarly human capacities for intersubjective engagement.In 2014, Mothers and Others, together with earlier work, earned <mask> the National Academy's Award for Scientific Reviewing in honor of her "insightful and visionary synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance of biosocial processes among mothers, infants, and other social actors in forming the evolutionary crucible of human societies." Because of her research on parenting, <mask> is a strong advocate for making affordable child care a priority. Philanthropy The <mask> and <mask> Visiting Fellowship in Conservation Biology is given to a student for scientific study and work in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Bibliography Books 1972: The Black-man of Zinacantan: A Central American Legend. The Texas Pan American Series. Austin: University of Texas Press. . 1977: The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. . 1981: The Woman that Never Evolved.Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Chosen by the New York Times Book Review as one of Notable Books of the Year in Science and Social Science.) 1982, Japanese edition, Tokyo: Shisaku-sha Publishing; 1984, 5th printing of paperback edition, Cambridge; 1984, 1st French edition, Des guenons et des femmes. Paris: Editions Tierce, in press, 2nd French edition, Paris: Payot et Rivage; 1985, Italian edition, La Donna Che Non si E'evoluta, Franco Angeli Editore. . 1984: Hausfater, G. and S. <mask>, eds. Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. New York: Aldine Publishing Co. (Selected as one of the 1984-85 "Outstanding Academic Books" by Choice, the Journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries.) . 1999: Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants and Natural Selection.New York: Pantheon. A BOMC Alternative Selection; selected by Publishers Weekly and by the Library Journal as one of Best Books of 1999 and a finalist for PEN USA West 2000 Literary Award for Research Nonfiction. Won the Howells Prize for Outstanding Contribution to Biological Anthropology. (Published in UK as Mother Nature: Natural selection and the female of the species. London: Chatto and Windus); also translated into Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Japanese, Korean and Polish. . 2001: "The Past, Present, and Future of the Human Family." The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Delivered at University of Utah February 27 and 28, 2001. 2005: The 92nd Dahlem Workshop Report, "Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis."Edited by C. S. Carter, L. Ahnert, K. E. Grossmann, S. B<mask>, M. E. Lamb, S. W. Porges, and N. Sachser. ©MIT Press. . 2009: Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. . 2010: Myths, monkeys and motherhood: An intellectual autobiography. In Lee Drickamer and Donald Dewsbury (eds. ), Leaders in Animal Behavior: The Second Generation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 343–344 Films 1977: <mask>, S., D. B<mask> and John Melville Bishop.Stolen copulations; Play and Kidnapped, 16 mm, color. 1980: <mask>, S., Vishnu Mathur and William Whitehead. "Hanuman langur: Monkey of India," 30 minutes, color. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Available on video cassette: CBC Enterprises, P.O. Box 500, Station A, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5W 1E6. 1983: "Treatment for film on reproductive strategies of female primates," for BBC Natural History Unit, Bristol, UK.1988: "Monkeys of Abu." National Geographic Explorer. May 1988. 1990: Nature Advisory Board, Channel Thirteen New York for series on the natural history of sex. 1990: Consultant for "Human Nature" for the British Broadcasting Corporation, Bristol, UK. 2001: Advisor for PBS series Evolution. Awards 1981, NYT Notable Books of 1981, The Woman That Never Evolved 1985, Elected, California Academy of Sciences 1987–88, Guggenheim Fellow 1988, Radcliffe Graduate Society Medal 1990, Elected, National Academy of Sciences 1992, Elected, American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1999, Publishers Weekly, "Best Books of 1999", Mother Nature 1999, Library Journal, "Best Books of 1999", Mother Nature 2001, Howells Prize for Outstanding Contributions to Biological Anthropology, Mother Nature 2003, University of California Panunzio award 2007, Centennial Medal, Harvard GSAS 2011, Elected American Philosophical Society 2012, Staley Prize from School of Advanced Research for Mothers and Others 2012, Howells Prize for Mothers and Others'' 2013, HBES Lifetime Career Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution, from Human Behavior and Evolution Society 2014, NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing for "For her insightful and visionary synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance of biosocial processes among mothers, infants, and other social actors in forming the evolutionary crucible of human societies."References 1946 births Evolutionary psychologists Human evolution theorists Human Behavior and Evolution Society Living people Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Writers from Dallas Writers from Houston Women primatologists Radcliffe College alumni Wellesley College alumni Evolutionary biologists Women evolutionary biologists St. John's School (Texas) alumni

<mask> is an American anthropologist and primatologist who has made major contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. She is considered a pioneer in modernizing our understanding of the evolutionary basis of female behavior. The Human Behavior and Evolution Society gave a Lifetime Career Award to <mask>. The Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis has a professor named <mask>. At Harvard University, she was an Associate at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. She is one of 21 leaders in animal behavior. In 2002, Discover magazine recognized her as one of the 50 most important women in science.<mask> was born on July 11, 1946, in Dallas, Texas. She was the granddaughter of <mask> <mask> and Robert Lee Blaffer. She attended St. John's School in Houston. Blaffer attended Wellesley College, her mother's alma mater. She majored in philosophy and took creative writing courses. She wrote a novel about a culture. Hrdy was researching folklore of the Maya.She found the research more stimulating than the novel. She majored in anthropology at Radcliffe College. Her thesis on the demon H'ik'al was the basis for her first book, The Black Man of Zincantan. She graduated summa cum laude from Radcliffe in 1969 with a bachelor's degree. Interested in making films to teach people in developing countries, Hrdy took film-making courses but was disappointed with them. She was inspired by remarks by Harvard professor Irven DeVore about black-faced Indian monkeys and a class taught by Paul Ehrlich on the problems of overpopulation. The males of the troop would kill the babies if the numbers got too high.In 1970 he entered Harvard as a graduate student to study primate behavior. She focused her PhD research on Hanuman langurs. On the advice of a professor. It was done in Mount Abu, India. Irven DeVore was her thesis advisor. She worked closely with members of her thesis committee. Her thesis was received from Harvard.<mask> and Daniel met at Harvard. They married in 1972 in Kathmandu, after he accompanied her on early visits to Mount Abu. They have three children, one of which was scheduled to present a paper at Cornell University. <mask> and her husband operate a walnuts plantation in northern California. When she became ill while doing research in the field, Career Hrdy alternated her work between India and Harvard. She taught at Harvard from 1979 until 1984. She joined the University of California at Davis in 1984 as an anthropology professor.In 1996, she retired and became a professor at UC Davis, where she is still involved with the animal behavior graduate group. Irven DeVore taught an undergraduate primate behavior class in 1968. The relationship between crowding and the deaths of infants in langur colonies was commented on by DeVore. <mask> went back to Harvard to study the phenomenon of infanticide in langur colonies. Working under the supervision of DeVore and Trivers provided <mask> with an introduction to a newly emerging outlook on the social world. The hypothesis that overcrowding causes infanticide in langur colonies was tested by <mask>'s PhD thesis. She went to Mount Abu in India to study Hanuman langurs and found that infanticide was not related to overcrowding.The male langurs who practiced infanticide would benefit from this tactic. There is turnover in a langur tribe every 27 months. There is a small window of opportunity for the male to pass on his genes. It's likely that the females won't ovulate for another year if they are nursing infants. Killing their dependent infants makes the females more receptive to sex. As females are put under pressure to ovulate and are forced to breed with infanticidal males, female choice is subverted. Sexual counter-strategies come into play here.By having as many males as possible, particularly males who are not part of the colony, mothers are able to successfully protect their young, as males were unlikely to kill an infant if there was a chance that it was their own. That makes it look like a man is the father. The goal of the male langur is to maximize the proportion of his offspring and, as <mask> points out, a male who attacks his own offspring is rapidly selected against. There is no evidence to suggest that the human species has a genetic imperative for infanticide. <mask> was awarded a PhD in 1975, for her research on langurs. Her second book, The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction, was published in 1977. The field of sociobiology gained increasing support, and the classic belief that primates act for the good of the group was discarded, as a result of her research.She implied that aicidal genes could be found in primates. Her results are widely accepted. Trivers admits that her theory regarding female sexual strategies has "worn well." The woman that never evolved was the third book by <mask>. She begins chapter one with a sentence indicating that the results of her work suggest females should be given a lot more credibility than previously thought. Biology is thought to have worked against women. <mask> expands upon female primate strategies.The New York Times had a Notable Books of 1981. Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives was co-edited by <mask>. Choice, the journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries, selected it as an Outstanding Academic Book. Mother Nature was published in 1999. She examines "human mothers and infants in a broader comparative and evolutionary framework." She informs and forms views of mother-infant interdependence from a sociobiological viewpoint. She talks about how mothers are constantly making tradeoffs between quality and quantity, and weighing the best possible actions for them and their baby. There is no'maternal instinct', as once thought, because it depends on a number of variables.She believes that humans have evolved to be cooperative breeders, meaning they are unable to raise offspring without a help. Relatives other than the mother, such as the father, grandparents, and older siblings, as well as genetically unrelated helpers, such as nannies, nurses, and child care groups, who spend time with an infant, leave the mother. In Mother Nature, <mask> argued that apes with the life history attributes of Homo sapiens could not have evolved unless alloparents in addition to parents had helped to care for and provision offspring. In Mothers and Others, <mask> explored cognitive and emotional implications for infants growing up in a novel context. Youngsters had to monitor and engage multiple caretakers as well, instead of relying on the single-minded dedication of their mothers. With cooperative rearing, relevant potentials for mentalizing would have become more fully expressed, and thus rendered more visible to natural selection. Darwinian selection favored peculiarly human capacities for intersubjective engagement due to the fact that the youngsters better at inter-subjective engagement would have been best cared for and fed.<mask> received the National Academy's Award for Scientific Reviewing in honor of her "insightful and visionary synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance of biosocial processes among mothers." <mask> is an advocate for making affordable child care a priority because of her research on parenting. The <mask> and <mask> Visiting Fellowship888-607-888-607-3166888-607-888-607-888-607-3166 is888-607-888-607-3166 is888-607-3166 is888-607-888-607-888-607-3166 is given to a student for scientific study and work in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. The Black-man of Zinacantan is a Central American legend. There is a Texas Pan American Series. The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction was published in 1977. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.The Harvard University Press is in Cambridge. It was one of the Notable Books of the Year in Science and Social Science. In 1982, Japanese edition, Tokyo: Shisaku-sha Publishing; in 1984, 5th printing of paperback edition, Cambridge; and in 1984, 1st French edition, Des guenons et des femmes. Paris: Editions Tierce, in press, 2nd French edition, Paris: Payot et Rivage; 1985, Italian edition, La Donna Che Nonsi E'evoluta, Franco Angeli Editore. Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives on Infanticide. The Journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries selected Aldine Publishing Co. as one of the "Outstanding Academic Books" of 1984. Mother Nature: A History of Mothers and Babies was published in 1999.Pantheon is in New York. One of the Best Books of 1999 was selected by Publishers Weekly and a finalist for the PEN USA West 2000 Literary Award for Research Nonfiction. The award was for Outstanding Contribution to Biological Anthropology. Natural selection and the female of the species are included in the UK as Mother Nature. Also translated into Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Japanese, Korean and Polish. The University of Utah hosted The Tanner Lectures on Human Values in 2001. "Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis" was published in 2005.The book was edited by C. S. Carter. MIT Press has a book called Mothers and Others. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. In Lee Drickamer and Donald Dewsbury. The second generation of leaders in animal behavior. Cambridge University Press. In 1977: <mask>, D. B., and John Melville Bishop.Play and Kidnapped is 16mm in color. <mask>, S., Vishnu Mathur and William Whitehead were involved in 1980. 30 minutes, color, "Hanuman langur: Monkey of India." Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. There is a video cassette available. Box 500 is located at Station A, Toronto, Ontario. The treatment for film on reproductive strategies of female primates was done in 1983."Monkeys of Abu." National Geographic explorer. May 1988. Channel Thirteen New York had a series on the natural history of sex. The British Broadcasting Corporation hired a consultant for "human nature". There was an advisor for PBS series Evolution. Notable books of 1981 include The Woman That Never Evolved, elected to the California Academy of Sciences, elected to the National Academy of Sciences, elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected to the National Academy of Sciences, elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected toEvolutionary biologists and primatologists are alumni of Wellesley College and St. John's School, respectively.

316771

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20McShann

Jay McShann

James Columbus "Jay" McShann (January 12, 1916 – December 7, 2006) was a jazz pianist, vocalist, composer, and bandleader. He led bands in Kansas City, Missouri, that included Charlie Parker, Bernard Anderson, Walter Brown, and Ben Webster. Early life and education McShann was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and was nicknamed Hootie. During his youth he taught himself how to play the piano through observing his sister's piano lessons and trying to practicing tunes he heard off the radio. He was also heavily influenced by late-night broadcasts of pianist Earl Hines from Chicago's Grand Terrace Cafe: "When 'Fatha' (Hines) went off the air, I went to bed". He began working as a professional musician in 1931 at the age of 15, performing around Tulsa, Oklahoma, and neighboring Arkansas. Career 1936–44 McShann moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1936, and set up his own big band which variously featured Charlie Parker (1937–42), Al Hibbler, Ben Webster, Paul Quinichette, Bernard Anderson, Gene Ramey, Jimmy Coe, Gus Johnson (1938–43), Harold "Doc" West, Earl Coleman, Walter Brown, and Jimmy Witherspoon, among others. His first recordings were all with Charlie Parker, the first as the Jay McShann Orchestra on August 9, 1940. The band played both swing and blues numbers, but played blues on most of its records; its most popular recording was "Confessin' the Blues" with Walter Brown on vocals. The group disbanded when McShann was drafted into the Army in 1944. After his return two years later, he found that small groups were now taking the place of big-bands in the jazz scene. McShann told the Associated Press in 2003: "You'd hear some cat play, and somebody would say, 'This cat, he sounds like he's from Kansas City.' It was Kansas City Style. They knew it on the East Coast. They knew it on the West Coast. They knew it up North, and they knew it down South." 1945–2006 After World War II McShann began to lead small groups featuring the blues shouter Jimmy Witherspoon. Witherspoon began to record with McShann in 1945 and, fronting McShann's band, he had a hit in 1949 with "Ain't Nobody's Business". As well as writing much material, Witherspoon continued recording with McShann's band, which also featured Ben Webster. McShann had a modern rhythm and blues hit with "Hands Off", featuring a vocal by Priscilla Bowman, in 1955. In the late 1960s, McShann often performed as a singer as well as a pianist, often with violinist Claude Williams. He continued recording and touring through the 1990s. Well into his 80s, McShann still performed occasionally, particularly in the Kansas City area and Toronto, Ontario, where he made his last recording, "Hootie Blues", in February 2001, after a recording career of 61 years. In 1979, he appeared prominently in The Last of the Blue Devils, a documentary film about Kansas City jazz. One of McShann's favorite stories to tell was how band member and friend Charlie Parker got his nickname "Bird". During their drive to a gig in Nebraska with a car full of musicians, the driver of the car accidentally hit a chicken. According to McShann, Parker requested the driver turn around so he could get the bird, and sat with it in the backseat of the car all the way to Lincoln. Once they arrived he asked the keeper of the home they were staying in to cook it up for him. McShann died on December 7, 2006, in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 90. Awards and honors Member, Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame, 1998 Member, Blues Hall of Fame Member, Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame, 1989 Pioneer Award, Rhythm and Blues Foundation Grammy nomination, Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance, Paris All-Star Blues (A Tribute to Charlie Parker), 1991 Grammy nomination, Best Traditional Blues Album, Goin' to Kansas City, 2003 American Jazz Masters Grant from National Endowment for the Arts, 1986 Discography As leader Goin' to Kansas City Blues (RCA Victor, 1957) McShann's Piano (Capitol, 1967) Confessin' the Blues (Black and Blue, 1970) Going to Kansas City (Master Jazz, 1972) Jumpin' the Blues with Milt Buckner (Black and Blue, 1972) Kansas City Memories (Black and Blue, 1973) The Band That Jumps the Blues! (Black Lion, 1973) Early Bird with Charlie Parker (Spotlite, 1973) Vine Street Boogie (Black Lion, 1974) Kansas City Joys with Buddy Tate, Paul Quinichette (Sonet, 1976) Crazy Legs & Friday Strut with Buddy Tate (Sackville, 1977) Kansas City On My Mind (Black and Blue, 1977) The Last of the Blue Devils (Atlantic, 1978) A Tribute to Fats Waller (Sackville, 1978) Kansas City Hustle (Sackville, 1978) The Big Apple Bash (Atlantic, 1979) The Man from Muskogee with Claude Williams (Sackville, 1980) Tuxedo Junction with Don Thompson (Sackville, 1980) Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players with Ralph Sutton (Chaz Jazz, 1980) Saturday Night Function with the Sackville All-Stars (Sackville, 1981) After Hours (Storyville, 1982) Best of Friends with Al Casey (JSP, 1982) Blowin' in from K.C. with Joe Thomas (Uptown, 1983) Just a Lucky So and So (Sackville, 1984) Live in France Vol. 2 with Eddie Cleanhead Vinson (Black and Blue, 1984) Roll 'em (Black and Blue, 1987) Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players with Ralph Sutton (Chiaroscuro, 1989) Paris All-Star Blues (Jazz Heritage, 1991) Blue Pianos with Axel Zwingenberger (Vagabond, 1991) A Tribute to Charlie Parker (Limelight/Musicmasters, 1991) Stride Piano Summit with Dick Hyman, Ralph Sutton (Milestone, 1991) Jimmy Witherspoon & Jay McShann (Black Lion, 1992) The Missouri Connection with John Hicks (Reservoir, 1993) Some Blues (Chiaroscuro, 1993) Airmail Special (Sackville, 1994) Swingmatism with Don Thompson, Archie Alleyne (Sackville, 1994) Piano Playhouse (Night Train, 1996) Hootie's Jumpin' Blues with Duke Robillard (Stony Plain, 1997) My Baby with the Black Dress On (Chiaroscuro, 1998) Still Jumpin' the Blues with Duke Robillard, Maria Muldaur (Stony Plain, 1999) What a Wonderful World (Groove Note, 1999) Hootie! (Chiaroscuro, 2000) Goin' to Kansas City with Duke Robillard (Stony Plain, 2003) Hootie Blues (Stony Plain, 2006) As sideman With Clarence Gatemouth Brown Cold Strange (Black and Blue, 1977) More Stuff (Black and Blue, 1985) Pressure Cooker (Alligator, 1985) Just Got Lucky (Orbis, 1993) With others Walter Brown, Confessin' the Blues (Affinity, 1981) Al Casey, Jumpin' with Al (Black and Blue, 1974) Slim Gaillard, Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere! (Hep, 1983) Jim Galloway, Thou Swell (Sackville, 1981) Jim Galloway, Kansas City Nights (Sackville, 1993) Tiny Grimes, Tiny Grimes (Black and Blue, 1970) Tiny Grimes, Some Groovy Fours (Black and Blue, 1996) Helen Humes, Helen Comes Back (Black and Blue, 1973) Helen Humes, On the Sunny Side of the Street (Black Lion, 1975) Julia Lee, Tonight's the Night (Charly, 1982) Duke Robillard, The Acoustic Blues & Roots of (Stony Plain, 2015) Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Kidney Stew is Fine (Delmark, 1969) T-Bone Walker, Feelin' the Blues (Black and Blue, 1999) Jackie Washington, Keeping Out of Mischief (Borealis 1995) Claude Williams, Fiddler's Dream (Black and Blue, 1977) Axel Zwingenberger, Swing the Boogie! (Vagabond, 1996) References External links Interview with Jay McShann for the NAMM (National Association of Music Merchants) Oral History Program October 11, 2005 1916 births 2006 deaths Big band bandleaders Swing pianists Mainstream jazz pianists Jump blues musicians People from Muskogee, Oklahoma Singers from Oklahoma American blues singers American blues pianists American male pianists American jazz pianists Vee-Jay Records artists 20th-century American pianists 20th-century American singers Jazz musicians from Oklahoma 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians Sackville Records artists Black Lion Records artists Black & Blue Records artists Chiaroscuro Records artists Stony Plain Records artists Atlantic Records artists Uptown Records (jazz) artists

James Columbus "<mask><mask> (January 12, 1916 – December 7, 2006) was a jazz pianist, vocalist, composer, and bandleader. He led bands in Kansas City, Missouri, that included Charlie Parker, Bernard Anderson, Walter Brown, and Ben Webster. Early life and education <mask> was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and was nicknamed Hootie. During his youth he taught himself how to play the piano through observing his sister's piano lessons and trying to practicing tunes he heard off the radio. He was also heavily influenced by late-night broadcasts of pianist Earl Hines from Chicago's Grand Terrace Cafe: "When 'Fatha' (Hines) went off the air, I went to bed". He began working as a professional musician in 1931 at the age of 15, performing around Tulsa, Oklahoma, and neighboring Arkansas. Career 1936–44 McShann moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1936, and set up his own big band which variously featured Charlie Parker (1937–42), Al Hibbler, Ben Webster, Paul Quinichette, Bernard Anderson, Gene Ramey, Jimmy Coe, Gus Johnson (1938–43), Harold "Doc" West, Earl Coleman, Walter Brown, and Jimmy Witherspoon, among others.His first recordings were all with Charlie Parker, the first as the <mask> McShann Orchestra on August 9, 1940. The band played both swing and blues numbers, but played blues on most of its records; its most popular recording was "Confessin' the Blues" with Walter Brown on vocals. The group disbanded when <mask> was drafted into the Army in 1944. After his return two years later, he found that small groups were now taking the place of big-bands in the jazz scene. <mask> told the Associated Press in 2003: "You'd hear some cat play, and somebody would say, 'This cat, he sounds like he's from Kansas City.' It was Kansas City Style. They knew it on the East Coast.They knew it on the West Coast. They knew it up North, and they knew it down South." 1945–2006 After World War II McShann began to lead small groups featuring the blues shouter Jimmy Witherspoon. Witherspoon began to record with McShann in 1945 and, fronting McShann's band, he had a hit in 1949 with "Ain't Nobody's Business". As well as writing much material, Witherspoon continued recording with McShann's band, which also featured Ben Webster. McShann had a modern rhythm and blues hit with "Hands Off", featuring a vocal by Priscilla Bowman, in 1955. In the late 1960s, McShann often performed as a singer as well as a pianist, often with violinist Claude Williams.He continued recording and touring through the 1990s. Well into his 80s, McShann still performed occasionally, particularly in the Kansas City area and Toronto, Ontario, where he made his last recording, "Hootie Blues", in February 2001, after a recording career of 61 years. In 1979, he appeared prominently in The Last of the Blue Devils, a documentary film about Kansas City jazz. One of McShann's favorite stories to tell was how band member and friend Charlie Parker got his nickname "Bird". During their drive to a gig in Nebraska with a car full of musicians, the driver of the car accidentally hit a chicken. According to McShann, Parker requested the driver turn around so he could get the bird, and sat with it in the backseat of the car all the way to Lincoln. Once they arrived he asked the keeper of the home they were staying in to cook it up for him.McShann died on December 7, 2006, in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 90. Awards and honors Member, Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame, 1998 Member, Blues Hall of Fame Member, Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame, 1989 Pioneer Award, Rhythm and Blues Foundation Grammy nomination, Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance, Paris All-Star Blues (A Tribute to Charlie Parker), 1991 Grammy nomination, Best Traditional Blues Album, Goin' to Kansas City, 2003 American Jazz Masters Grant from National Endowment for the Arts, 1986 Discography As leader Goin' to Kansas City Blues (RCA Victor, 1957) McShann's Piano (Capitol, 1967) Confessin' the Blues (Black and Blue, 1970) Going to Kansas City (Master Jazz, 1972) Jumpin' the Blues with Milt Buckner (Black and Blue, 1972) Kansas City Memories (Black and Blue, 1973) The Band That Jumps the Blues! (Black Lion, 1973) Early Bird with Charlie Parker (Spotlite, 1973) Vine Street Boogie (Black Lion, 1974) Kansas City Joys with Buddy Tate, Paul Quinichette (Sonet, 1976) Crazy Legs & Friday Strut with Buddy Tate (Sackville, 1977) Kansas City On My Mind (Black and Blue, 1977) The Last of the Blue Devils (Atlantic, 1978) A Tribute to Fats Waller (Sackville, 1978) Kansas City Hustle (Sackville, 1978) The Big Apple Bash (Atlantic, 1979) The Man from Muskogee with Claude Williams (Sackville, 1980) Tuxedo Junction with Don Thompson (Sackville, 1980) Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players with Ralph Sutton (Chaz Jazz, 1980) Saturday Night Function with the Sackville All-Stars (Sackville, 1981) After Hours (Storyville, 1982) Best of Friends with Al Casey (JSP, 1982) Blowin' in from K.C. with Joe Thomas (Uptown, 1983) Just a Lucky So and So (Sackville, 1984) Live in France Vol. 2 with Eddie Cleanhead Vinson (Black and Blue, 1984) Roll 'em (Black and Blue, 1987) Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players with Ralph Sutton (Chiaroscuro, 1989) Paris All-Star Blues (Jazz Heritage, 1991) Blue Pianos with Axel Zwingenberger (Vagabond, 1991) A Tribute to Charlie Parker (Limelight/Musicmasters, 1991) Stride Piano Summit with Dick Hyman, Ralph Sutton (Milestone, 1991) Jimmy Witherspoon & Jay McShann (Black Lion, 1992) The Missouri Connection with John Hicks (Reservoir, 1993) Some Blues (Chiaroscuro, 1993) Airmail Special (Sackville, 1994) Swingmatism with Don Thompson, Archie Alleyne (Sackville, 1994) Piano Playhouse (Night Train, 1996) Hootie's Jumpin' Blues with Duke Robillard (Stony Plain, 1997) My Baby with the Black Dress On (Chiaroscuro, 1998) Still Jumpin' the Blues with Duke Robillard, Maria Muldaur (Stony Plain, 1999) What a Wonderful World (Groove Note, 1999) Hootie! (Chiaroscuro, 2000) Goin' to Kansas City with Duke Robillard (Stony Plain, 2003) Hootie Blues (Stony Plain, 2006) As sideman With Clarence Gatemouth Brown Cold Strange (Black and Blue, 1977) More Stuff (Black and Blue, 1985) Pressure Cooker (Alligator, 1985) Just Got Lucky (Orbis, 1993) With others Walter Brown, Confessin' the Blues (Affinity, 1981) Al Casey, Jumpin' with Al (Black and Blue, 1974) Slim Gaillard, Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere! (Hep, 1983) Jim Galloway, Thou Swell (Sackville, 1981) Jim Galloway, Kansas City Nights (Sackville, 1993) Tiny Grimes, Tiny Grimes (Black and Blue, 1970) Tiny Grimes, Some Groovy Fours (Black and Blue, 1996) Helen Humes, Helen Comes Back (Black and Blue, 1973) Helen Humes, On the Sunny Side of the Street (Black Lion, 1975) Julia Lee, Tonight's the Night (Charly, 1982) Duke Robillard, The Acoustic Blues & Roots of (Stony Plain, 2015) Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Kidney Stew is Fine (Delmark, 1969) T-Bone Walker, Feelin' the Blues (Black and Blue, 1999) Jackie Washington, Keeping Out of Mischief (Borealis 1995) Claude Williams, Fiddler's Dream (Black and Blue, 1977) Axel Zwingenberger, Swing the Boogie!(Vagabond, 1996) References External links Interview with <mask> for the NAMM (National Association of Music Merchants) Oral History Program October 11, 2005 1916 births 2006 deaths Big band bandleaders Swing pianists Mainstream jazz pianists Jump blues musicians People from Muskogee, Oklahoma Singers from Oklahoma American blues singers American blues pianists American male pianists American jazz pianists Vee-Jay Records artists 20th-century American pianists 20th-century American singers Jazz musicians from Oklahoma 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians Sackville Records artists Black Lion Records artists Black & Blue Records artists Chiaroscuro Records artists Stony Plain Records artists Atlantic Records artists Uptown Records (jazz) artists

James Columbus "<mask><mask> was a jazz pianist, vocalist, composer, and bandleader. He was the leader of bands in Kansas City, Missouri. Hootie McShann was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He learned to play the piano by observing his sister's piano lessons and listening to the radio. He was influenced by the broadcasts of pianist Earl Hines from Chicago's Grand Terrace Cafe. At the age of 15, he began performing as a professional musician. In 1936, McShann moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where he set up his own big band that featured many famous people.The Jay McShann Orchestra recorded their first recordings on August 9, 1940. The most popular recording of the band was "Confessin' the Blues" with Walter Brown on vocals. McShann was drafted into the Army in 1944. Small groups are now taking the place of big-bands in the jazz scene. "You'd hear some cat play, and somebody would say, 'This cat, he sounds like he's from Kansas City.'" It was from Kansas City. They were aware of it on the East Coast.They were aware of it on the West Coast. They were aware of it up North and down South. McShann began to lead small groups after World War II. In 1949, he had a hit with "Ain't Nobody's Business", which he fronted. As well as writing material, he continued to record with the band. McShann had a modern rhythm and blues hit with "Hands Off" in 1955. In the late 1960s, McShann performed as a singer as well as a pianist with Claude Williams.He toured through the 1990s. In the Kansas City area and Toronto, Ontario, where he made his last recording, "Hootie Blues" in 2001, McShann still performed occasionally. The Last of the Blue Devil was a documentary film about Kansas City jazz. The band member who got his nickname "Bird" was one of McShann's favorite stories to tell. The driver of the car accidentally hit a chicken on the way to a gig in Nebraska. The driver was asked to turn around so he could get the bird, and then sat with it in the backseat as he traveled to Lincoln. He asked the keeper of the home if they could cook it for him.<mask> died in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 90. Member of the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame, member of the Blues Hall of Fame, member of the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame, member of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation, and member of the Paris All-Star Blues. (Black Lion, 1974) Kansas City Joys with Buddy Tate and Paul Quinichette. With Joe Thomas and Just a Lucky So and So. Roll 'em with Eddie Cleanhead Vinson and the Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players. Goin' to Kansas City with Duke Robillard and Hootie Blues. Some Groovy Fours (Black and Blue, 1996) Helen.The National Association of Music Merchants has an oral history program.

17913949

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Jaymes

Christopher Jaymes

Christopher Jaymes (born July 19, 1973) is an American television and film actor, director, screenwriter, producer, and musician. Early life Jaymes was born in Long Beach, California and spent his early years in Huntington Beach as an only child. In his early teens, while working at a SCUBA shop as a Rescue Diver, he started having success as an amateur skateboarder which led him into the entertainment industry where he started working as an actor. He went on to attend Berklee College of Music studying piano and orchestration and toured with a number of artists, including Wanda Jackson, as a piano player. Career Jaymes' entered the entertainment industry at the age of 17, getting a guest starring role in the hit show, Wings, which ended up getting cut out and rewritten prior to getting shot. Shortly, thereafter, he was cast starring opposite Helen Hunt in the CBS movie-of-the-week Murder in New Hampshire: The Pamela Wojas Smart Story and he then went on to appear on a number of other television shows including Lost, Party of Five, Profiler, Chicago Hope, Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series) and numerous others. He played in a number of films as well including Ivan Reitman's Father's Day starring Robin Williams and Billy Crystal. By 2000, he had directed a number of short films including The Reel and working as a script supervisor, editor and screenwriter until he starred and co-produced the feature film It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Trying. After which, he directed his first feature film In Memory of My Father where he starred alongside Jeremy Sisto and Judy Greer, as well as, produced, wrote, directed and edited the film which went onto receive critical acclaim and win a number of awards internationally, including the 2006 American Spirit/Best Feature Award at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival, the Grand Jury Award at CineVegas, Best Debut Feature at Sonoma Valley Film Festival and Best Director at the San Diego Film Festival. Over the next years, Jaymes worked with numerous companies in development, including Signature Pictures, ghost writing on numerous films including The Black Dahlia, Tristen + Leopold, and The Contractor, while also consulting through production and post. In MySpace's heyday, Jaymes was hired as a content producer, to help stimulate and develop MySpace's homepage into a hub for video content, producing spots featuring artists and events, such as the Beastie Boys, Wyclef Jean, Colbie Caillat, Sundance, the Toronto International Film Festival, and many others. Concurrently, Jaymes produced and directed a number of commercials and web campaigns for companies such as Intel, Lenovo, Harper/Collins, FRS, NaturaPet, Nikki Six, and LiveBooks.com, while also focusing his efforts on a myriad of Non-Profit Organizations, including One Generation and Sweet Relief Musician's Fund. Jaymes published a book, entitled Boxing Day about his experiences working in the 2004 tsunami disaster relief efforts In 2010, Chris Jaymes co-wrote and directed Making A Scene starring William Shatner, Dave Foley, and Jason Priestley, a one-hour comedy for television, which led to a string of shows for the CBC including Long Story Short a scripted comedy with Martin Short starring Robin Duke, Anne Murray, and Norman Jewison, and two pilots, including Late Night with Lang & O'Leary, and an entertainment news show, The Feed. In 2011, he directed the feature-length thriller, The Cottage starring David Arquette, Kristen Dalton, and Lorraine Nicholson, while also working with Levendis Entertainment and Nick Lambrou, developing the screenplay for the feature film action epic, Sons of Chaos, surrounding the Greek War for Independence. In 2012, Jaymes was brought on as a producer for a Travel Channel show starring David Arquette and Mike McGuinness, while also directing a series for FOX/Netflix entitled Bad Samaritans with Andy Dick and Julianna Guill. Beginning in 2012, Jaymes began working with the non-profit organization Island Dolphin Care, a facility where children with brain disorders and war veterans with PTSD, receive progressive therapy treatments working alongside bottlenose dolphins. His research and footage of IDC dolphins combined with news anchor Kerry Sanders’ (NBC) reporting, won the 2014 Michael Debakey Journalism Award, recognizing outstanding journalism that highlights the role of biomedical research that includes the humane and responsible use of animal models in recent medical discoveries and scientific breakthroughs. The story was about a dolphin named Sara who underwent an expansion of a somewhat collapsed airway; a procedure carried out by a group of specialists from across the country, that had never before executed on a dolphin and the surgery was a success. Jaymes's screenplay Unconditional based on Joe Hoagland and the story that inspired the inception of Island Dolphin Care was recognized as a 2016 Semi-Finalist in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Nicholl Fellowship. In 2018, Jaymes directed Cartel Pictures thriller Their Killer Affair for Lifetime starring Melissa Archer produced by Eric Scott Woods and Stan Spry. In 2021, Jaymes teamed up with Cartel Pictures to direct another thriller for Lifetime(TV network) entitled Recipe for Abduction and again in 2022 for Dancer in Danger. In 2019, after eight years of development, Sons of Chaos, a historical fictionalized retelling of the Greek Revolution of 1821 was published globally as a hardbound, 192 page, oversized graphic novel, by IDW and Penguin Random House. Jaymes wrote and created the book with Ale Aragon doing the artwork. In 2021, the release of the Greek Edition, entitled 1821:Children of the Revolution was published by Kaktos Publishing throughout all Greek territories and Cyprus. Filmography Dancer in Danger (2022) – Director Recipe for Abduction (2021) – Director Their Killer Affair (2020) – Director The Cottage (2012) – Director, editor Misfits (2011) – Actor Shrink Me (2010) – Writer, director Bhutto (2010) – Cinematography Beyond the Mat (2010) – Editor In Memory of My Father (2008) – writer, director, producer, editor, actor It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Trying (2000) – producer, actor Max, 13 (1999) – actor Verses (1999) – actor, editor The Reel (1999) – writer, director, actor Little Savant (1999) – actor Some Girl (1998) – actor Father's Day (1997) – actor Dogs of Wood's Hole (1997) – actor Television Magnum P.I. (episode "Sleep With the Fishes", 2022) – actor The Millionaire (1 episode, 2013) – director Bad Samaritans (1 episode, 2012) – director Mile High (1 episode, 2012) – producer Long Story Short (1 episode, 2011) – director Late Night With Lang & O'Leary (1 episode, 2011) – director, producer The Feed (1 episode, 2011) – director, producer Making a Scene (1 episode, 2010) – writer/director Lost (episode "LaFleur", 2009) – actor The Fugitive (1 episode, 2000) – actor Chicago Hope (1 episode, 1999 – actor NYPD Blue (1 episode, 1999) – actor Vengeance Unlimited (1 episode, 1998) -actor Profiler (1 episode, 1998 – actor Party of Five (2 episodes, 1996–1997) – actor Touched by an Angel (1 episode, 1997) – actor Murder in New Hampshire: The Pamela Wojas Smart Story – actor (1991) The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1 episode, 1990) Awards Unconditional - Screenplay 2016 Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences – Nicholl Fellowship Semi-Finalist In Memory of My Father 2006 Santa Barbara International Film Festival – Best American Film/American Spirit Award 2006 Sonoma Valley Film Festival – Best Debut Feature 2006 Santa Cruz Film Festival – Director's Award 2005 CineVegas – Grand Jury Award 2005 San Diego Film Festival – Best Director 2005 AOF FEST – Best Picture 2005 Ft. Lauderdale International Film Festival – Spirit Award 2006 Lake Forest Film Fest – Grand Jury Award Nominations In Memory of My Father 2006 Atlanta Film Festival – Best Actor 2006 Marbella International Film Festival – Best Film 2005 NatFilm Copenhagen – Best Feature 2005 Starz Denver Int. Film Fest – Director to Watch – Chris Jaymes References External links Official website #1 Official website #2 Chris Jaymes on the Super Hero Speak podcast from NYCC 1973 births Living people American rock pianists American male screenwriters American male film actors Film producers from California American male television actors Male actors from Long Beach, California Writers from Long Beach, California Film directors from California Screenwriters from California

<mask> (born July 19, 1973) is an American television and film actor, director, screenwriter, producer, and musician. Early life <mask> was born in Long Beach, California and spent his early years in Huntington Beach as an only child. In his early teens, while working at a SCUBA shop as a Rescue Diver, he started having success as an amateur skateboarder which led him into the entertainment industry where he started working as an actor. He went on to attend Berklee College of Music studying piano and orchestration and toured with a number of artists, including Wanda Jackson, as a piano player. <mask>' entered the entertainment industry at the age of 17, getting a guest starring role in the hit show, Wings, which ended up getting cut out and rewritten prior to getting shot. Shortly, thereafter, he was cast starring opposite Helen Hunt in the CBS movie-of-the-week Murder in New Hampshire: The Pamela Wojas Smart Story and he then went on to appear on a number of other television shows including Lost, Party of Five, Profiler, Chicago Hope, Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series) and numerous others.He played in a number of films as well including Ivan Reitman's Father's Day starring Robin Williams and Billy Crystal. By 2000, he had directed a number of short films including The Reel and working as a script supervisor, editor and screenwriter until he starred and co-produced the feature film It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Trying. After which, he directed his first feature film In Memory of My Father where he starred alongside Jeremy Sisto and Judy Greer, as well as, produced, wrote, directed and edited the film which went onto receive critical acclaim and win a number of awards internationally, including the 2006 American Spirit/Best Feature Award at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival, the Grand Jury Award at CineVegas, Best Debut Feature at Sonoma Valley Film Festival and Best Director at the San Diego Film Festival. Over the next years, Jaymes worked with numerous companies in development, including Signature Pictures, ghost writing on numerous films including The Black Dahlia, Tristen + Leopold, and The Contractor, while also consulting through production and post. In MySpace's heyday, <mask> was hired as a content producer, to help stimulate and develop MySpace's homepage into a hub for video content, producing spots featuring artists and events, such as the Beastie Boys, Wyclef Jean, Colbie Caillat, Sundance, the Toronto International Film Festival, and many others. Concurrently, Jaymes produced and directed a number of commercials and web campaigns for companies such as Intel, Lenovo, Harper/Collins, FRS, NaturaPet, Nikki Six, and LiveBooks.com, while also focusing his efforts on a myriad of Non-Profit Organizations, including One Generation and Sweet Relief Musician's Fund. Jaymes published a book, entitled Boxing Day about his experiences working in the 2004 tsunami disaster relief efforts In 2010, Chris Jaymes co-wrote and directed Making A Scene starring William Shatner, Dave Foley, and Jason Priestley, a one-hour comedy for television, which led to a string of shows for the CBC including Long Story Short a scripted comedy with Martin Short starring Robin Duke, Anne Murray, and Norman Jewison, and two pilots, including Late Night with Lang & O'Leary, and an entertainment news show, The Feed.In 2011, he directed the feature-length thriller, The Cottage starring David Arquette, Kristen Dalton, and Lorraine Nicholson, while also working with Levendis Entertainment and Nick Lambrou, developing the screenplay for the feature film action epic, Sons of Chaos, surrounding the Greek War for Independence. In 2012, <mask> was brought on as a producer for a Travel Channel show starring David Arquette and Mike McGuinness, while also directing a series for FOX/Netflix entitled Bad Samaritans with Andy Dick and Julianna Guill. Beginning in 2012, <mask> began working with the non-profit organization Island Dolphin Care, a facility where children with brain disorders and war veterans with PTSD, receive progressive therapy treatments working alongside bottlenose dolphins. His research and footage of IDC dolphins combined with news anchor Kerry Sanders’ (NBC) reporting, won the 2014 Michael Debakey Journalism Award, recognizing outstanding journalism that highlights the role of biomedical research that includes the humane and responsible use of animal models in recent medical discoveries and scientific breakthroughs. The story was about a dolphin named Sara who underwent an expansion of a somewhat collapsed airway; a procedure carried out by a group of specialists from across the country, that had never before executed on a dolphin and the surgery was a success. <mask>'s screenplay Unconditional based on Joe Hoagland and the story that inspired the inception of Island Dolphin Care was recognized as a 2016 Semi-Finalist in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Nicholl Fellowship. In 2018, <mask> directed Cartel Pictures thriller Their Killer Affair for Lifetime starring Melissa Archer produced by Eric Scott Woods and Stan Spry.In 2021, <mask> teamed up with Cartel Pictures to direct another thriller for Lifetime(TV network) entitled Recipe for Abduction and again in 2022 for Dancer in Danger. In 2019, after eight years of development, Sons of Chaos, a historical fictionalized retelling of the Greek Revolution of 1821 was published globally as a hardbound, 192 page, oversized graphic novel, by IDW and Penguin Random House. <mask> wrote and created the book with Ale Aragon doing the artwork. In 2021, the release of the Greek Edition, entitled 1821:Children of the Revolution was published by Kaktos Publishing throughout all Greek territories and Cyprus. Filmography Dancer in Danger (2022) – Director Recipe for Abduction (2021) – Director Their Killer Affair (2020) – Director The Cottage (2012) – Director, editor Misfits (2011) – Actor Shrink Me (2010) – Writer, director Bhutto (2010) – Cinematography Beyond the Mat (2010) – Editor In Memory of My Father (2008) – writer, director, producer, editor, actor It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Trying (2000) – producer, actor Max, 13 (1999) – actor Verses (1999) – actor, editor The Reel (1999) – writer, director, actor Little Savant (1999) – actor Some Girl (1998) – actor Father's Day (1997) – actor Dogs of Wood's Hole (1997) – actor Television Magnum P.I. Film Fest – Director to Watch – Chris Jaymes References External links Official website #1 Official website #2 <mask> on the Super Hero Speak podcast from NYCC 1973 births Living people American rock pianists American male screenwriters American male film actors Film producers from California American male television actors Male actors from Long Beach, California Writers from Long Beach, California Film directors from California Screenwriters from California

<mask> is an American television and film actor, director, screenwriter, producer, and musician. <mask> was born in Long Beach, California and spent his early years in Huntington Beach. While working at a SCUBA shop as a Rescue Diver, he started having success as an amateur skateboarder and went on to become an actor. He toured with a number of artists, including Wanda Jackson, as a piano player. At the age of 17, <mask>' entered the entertainment industry, getting a guest starring role in the hit show, Wings, which ended up getting cut out and rewritten before he got shot. He was cast in the CBS movie-of-the-week Murder in New Hampshire: The Pamela Wojas Smart Story and went on to appear on a number of other television shows. There are numerous TV series.He played a role in Father's Day, which starred Robin Williams and Billy Crystal. He starred and co-produced the feature film It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Trying after directing a number of short films. He directed his first feature film, In Memory of My Father, in which he starred alongside Jeremy Sisto and Judy Greer, as well as produced, wrote, directed and edited the film which went onto receive critical acclaim and win a number of awards internationally. Jaymes worked with numerous companies in development, including Signature Pictures, ghost writing on numerous films including The Black Dahlia, Tristen + Leopold, and The Contractor, while also consulting through production and post. The Beastie Boys, Wyclef Jean, and Colbie Caillat are just a few of the artists that Jaymes produced spots for. Jaymes produced and directed a number of commercials and web campaigns for a number of companies, while also focusing his efforts on a number of non-profit organizations. <mask> co-wrote and directed Making A Scene, a one-hour comedy for television, which starred William Shatner and Dave Foley.He directed the feature-length thriller, The Cottage, which starred David Arquette, and also worked with Levendis Entertainment and Nick Lambrou on the script for Sons of Chaos, a film about the Greek War for Independence. In 2012 <mask> was brought on as a producer for a Travel Channel show starring David Arquette and Mike McGuinness, while also directing a series for FOX/Netflix entitled Bad Samaritans with Andy Dick and Julianna Guill. <mask> began working with the non-profit organization Island Dolphin Care in 2012 to help children with brain disorders and war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. The Michael Debakey Journalism Award is given to outstanding journalism that highlights the humane and responsible use of animal models in recent medical discoveries and scientific breakthrough. The story was about a dolphin named Sara who underwent an expansion of her airway, a procedure that had never before been done on a dolphin, and the surgery was a success. The story that inspired Island Dolphin Care was written by <mask> and was recognized as a 2016 Semi-Finalist in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Their Killer Affair for Lifetime was directed by <mask> and was produced by Eric Scott Woods and Stan Spry.Recipe for Abduction and Dancer in Danger will be directed by <mask> and Cartel Pictures, respectively, in 2021. After eight years of development, Sons of Chaos, a historical fictionalized retelling of the Greek Revolution of 1821, was published globally as a hardbound, 192 page, oversized graphic novel by IDW and Penguin Random House. Jaymes wrote and created the book. The Greek edition of 1821: Children of the Revolution was published in all Greek territories and Cyprus. Director's recipe for Abduction (2022), Director's recipe for Their Killer Affair (2021), Director's recipe for Shrink Me (2010), Director's recipe for Beyond the Mat (2010), Director's recipe for Memory of My Father (2010), Director's recipe <mask> References External links Official website #1 Official website #2 <mask> on Super Hero Speak

469924

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale%20Hawerchuk

Dale Hawerchuk

Dale Hawerchuk (April 4, 1963 – August 18, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Drafted first overall by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft, Hawerchuk played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 16 seasons as a member of the Jets, Buffalo Sabres, St. Louis Blues and Philadelphia Flyers. He won the NHL's Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's Rookie of the Year in 1982 and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in his second year of eligibility in 2001. Hawerchuk served as the head coach of the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League from 2010 to 2019. Playing career Hawerchuk was a young prodigy who received his first pair of skates at age two and, according to his father, "was skating before he could walk." Beginning competitive hockey at age four, Hawerchuk demonstrated superior skills almost immediately. At the Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament, he scored all eight goals during an 8–1 victory in the finals, smashing the long-standing record set by the legendary Guy Lafleur. By age 15, the famed Oshawa Generals offered him a tryout, though he did not make the team. In 1979, Hawerchuk was selected 6th overall by the Cornwall Royals of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, and became somewhat of a rarity; a Toronto-born player starring in the QMJHL. He recorded 103 points and was named Rookie of the Year. Hawerchuk was the playoff MVP and led the Royals to the Memorial Cup championship. In his second junior year, he scored 81 goals and 183 points and led the Royals to their second consecutive Memorial Cup title. He was named a QMJHL First Team All-Star, the Canadian Major Junior Player of the Year, and Memorial Cup MVP. The Winnipeg Jets selected Hawerchuk first overall in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft, ahead of fellow future Hall of Famers Ron Francis, Grant Fuhr, and Chris Chelios. Hawerchuk immediately became Winnipeg's star attraction, leading the Jets to what was at the time the largest single season turn-around in NHL history, a 48-point improvement. He became the youngest NHL player in history to reach 100 points (a record since broken by Sidney Crosby in 2006), finishing with 103, and winning the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's Rookie of the Year. He also played in that season's All-Star Game. Hawerchuk recorded 91 points in his second season, then hit the 100-plus point plateau for the next five consecutive years, including a career-high 53 goals and 130 points in 1984–85. During the 1990 NHL Entry Draft, Hawerchuk was involved in a blockbuster trade. Along with Winnipeg's 1st round choice (14th overall pick, Brad May) in the draft, he was dealt to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Phil Housley, Scott Arniel, Jeff Parker and Buffalo's 1st round choice (19th overall pick, Keith Tkachuk). Over the next four years he recorded no fewer than 86 points. His point totals fell off during an injury plagued and lockout shortened 1994–95 season. In 1995, he signed with the St. Louis Blues, recording 41 points in 66 games before a trade to the Philadelphia Flyers in March, 1996. He finished the season strongly, scoring 20 points in the season's final 16 games and adding 9 points in the playoffs. The next season, he was plagued by injuries but managed 34 points and played in his fifth All-Star Game. Hawerchuk announced his retirement from the game following the 1996–97 season at age 34 due to a degenerative left hip. His appearance with the Flyers in the 1997 Stanley Cup Finals marked the only time any of his teams advanced past the second round of the playoffs. He played for Team Canada in the 1987 Canada Cup tournament, and had a goal and two assists in the decisive third game of the Finals against the Soviets. Late in the third period, he won the face-off that led to Canada's most famous goal and tied up with the Russian player who tried to check Mario Lemieux at centre ice, allowing Lemieux to take Gretzky's pass in the slot for the series winner. Hawerchuk was named Canada's MVP for that decisive game. Commentators remarked on his ability in the series to switch from being a goal scorer to a mucker and grinder. Hawerchuk was also key to Canada's 1991 Canada Cup victory. In a poll of NHL general managers during the mid-1980s asking them to select the player they would start a franchise with, Hawerchuk was voted third behind only Wayne Gretzky and Paul Coffey. He retired with 518 goals, 891 assists and 1,409 points, placing him 18th on the career NHL points list. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2001. The Phoenix Coyotes (successor to the Jets) retired Hawerchuk's No. 10 during the 2006–07 NHL season. Post-playing career Hawerchuk became the president, director of hockey operations, and primary owner of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League's Orangeville Crushers in 2007. He left this position in 2010. On June 4, 2010, the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League named Hawerchuk as their head coach and director of hockey operations. The 2010–11 season was a rebuilding one for the Colts, as the team went 15–49–2–2, missing the playoffs for the first time in team history. In his sophomore year, the 2011–12 season, Hawerchuk amassed a record of 40–23–3–2; a significant improvement over his rookie season as bench boss of the Colts. Personal life Hawerchuk was born in Toronto, Ontario, but grew up in Oshawa, Ontario. He was married to Crystal, whom he met in Manitoba while playing for the Jets. The couple had three children. Illness and death In 2019, Hawerchuk announced he would be taking a leave of absence from the Colts for health reasons, which was later revealed to be stomach cancer. Hawerchuk completed a course of chemotherapy in April 2020, but died on August 18, 2020 at the age of 57. Awards and achievements RDS Cup (QMJHL Rookie of the Year) (1980) Guy Lafleur Trophy (QMJHL Playoff MVP) (1980) QMJHL Championships (1980 and 1981) Memorial Cup championships (1980 and 1981) Memorial Cup All-Star First Team (1980 and 1981) Jean Béliveau Trophy (QMJHL Scoring Champion) (1981) QMJHL First Team All-Star (1981) Michel Brière Memorial Trophy (QMJHL Player of the Year) (1981) Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy (Memorial Cup MVP) (1981) CHL Player of the Year (1981) Played in NHL All-Star Game 5 times - 1982,1985,1986,1988,1997 Calder Memorial Trophy winner (1982) World Championships bronze medal (1982 and 1986) World Championships silver medal (1989) NHL Second Team All-Star Centre (1985) Canada Cup Championships (1987 and 1991) First NHL player to reach 1000 career NHL games before age 31 Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2001 Honoured Member of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame Member of the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame (2013) Inducted into the Buffalo Sabres Hall of Fame in 2011 Inducted into the Phoenix Coyotes Ring of Honor in 2007, joining Bobby Hull and Thomas Steen. The Jets/Coyotes franchise retired his number 10 on April 5, 2007. Unlike Hull and Steen, who were honored in Jets colors, Hawerchuk's number was retired in Coyotes apparel, despite the fact that Hawerchuk never played in Phoenix. Honored by the second Winnipeg Jets franchise: named captain of the Jets' alumni squad at the 2016 Heritage Classic, inducted into the team's Hall of Fame in 2017, and by a planned statue to be erected near the current Jets arena in downtown Winnipeg. Out of respect for Hawerchuk, number 10 has not been worn by any Jets player since that team relocated to Winnipeg in 2011. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Coaching record See also Captain (hockey) List of NHL players with 1000 points List of NHL players with 500 goals List of NHL statistical leaders References External links Official website Dale Hawerchuk's biography at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com 1963 births 2020 deaths Buffalo Sabres players Calder Trophy winners Canadian ice hockey centres Canadian people of Ukrainian descent Cornwall Royals (QMJHL) players Deaths from cancer in Ontario Deaths from stomach cancer Hockey Hall of Fame inductees Ice hockey people from Ontario Memorial Cup winners National Hockey League All-Stars National Hockey League first overall draft picks National Hockey League first round draft picks National Hockey League players with retired numbers Philadelphia Flyers players St. Louis Blues players Sportspeople from Oshawa Sportspeople from Toronto Winnipeg Jets (1972–1996) captains Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) draft picks Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players

<mask> (April 4, 1963 – August 18, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Drafted first overall by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 16 seasons as a member of the Jets, Buffalo Sabres, St. Louis Blues and Philadelphia Flyers. He won the NHL's Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's Rookie of the Year in 1982 and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in his second year of eligibility in 2001. <mask> served as the head coach of the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League from 2010 to 2019. Playing career <mask> was a young prodigy who received his first pair of skates at age two and, according to his father, "was skating before he could walk." Beginning competitive hockey at age four, <mask> demonstrated superior skills almost immediately. At the Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament, he scored all eight goals during an 8–1 victory in the finals, smashing the long-standing record set by the legendary Guy Lafleur.By age 15, the famed Oshawa Generals offered him a tryout, though he did not make the team. In 1979, <mask> was selected 6th overall by the Cornwall Royals of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, and became somewhat of a rarity; a Toronto-born player starring in the QMJHL. He recorded 103 points and was named Rookie of the Year. <mask> was the playoff MVP and led the Royals to the Memorial Cup championship. In his second junior year, he scored 81 goals and 183 points and led the Royals to their second consecutive Memorial Cup title. He was named a QMJHL First Team All-Star, the Canadian Major Junior Player of the Year, and Memorial Cup MVP. The Winnipeg Jets selected <mask> first overall in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft, ahead of fellow future Hall of Famers Ron Francis, Grant Fuhr, and Chris Chelios.<mask> immediately became Winnipeg's star attraction, leading the Jets to what was at the time the largest single season turn-around in NHL history, a 48-point improvement. He became the youngest NHL player in history to reach 100 points (a record since broken by Sidney Crosby in 2006), finishing with 103, and winning the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's Rookie of the Year. He also played in that season's All-Star Game. <mask> recorded 91 points in his second season, then hit the 100-plus point plateau for the next five consecutive years, including a career-high 53 goals and 130 points in 1984–85. During the 1990 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> was involved in a blockbuster trade. Along with Winnipeg's 1st round choice (14th overall pick, Brad May) in the draft, he was dealt to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Phil Housley, Scott Arniel, Jeff Parker and Buffalo's 1st round choice (19th overall pick, Keith Tkachuk). Over the next four years he recorded no fewer than 86 points.His point totals fell off during an injury plagued and lockout shortened 1994–95 season. In 1995, he signed with the St. Louis Blues, recording 41 points in 66 games before a trade to the Philadelphia Flyers in March, 1996. He finished the season strongly, scoring 20 points in the season's final 16 games and adding 9 points in the playoffs. The next season, he was plagued by injuries but managed 34 points and played in his fifth All-Star Game. <mask> announced his retirement from the game following the 1996–97 season at age 34 due to a degenerative left hip. His appearance with the Flyers in the 1997 Stanley Cup Finals marked the only time any of his teams advanced past the second round of the playoffs. He played for Team Canada in the 1987 Canada Cup tournament, and had a goal and two assists in the decisive third game of the Finals against the Soviets.Late in the third period, he won the face-off that led to Canada's most famous goal and tied up with the Russian player who tried to check Mario Lemieux at centre ice, allowing Lemieux to take Gretzky's pass in the slot for the series winner. <mask> was named Canada's MVP for that decisive game. Commentators remarked on his ability in the series to switch from being a goal scorer to a mucker and grinder. <mask> was also key to Canada's 1991 Canada Cup victory. In a poll of NHL general managers during the mid-1980s asking them to select the player they would start a franchise with, <mask> was voted third behind only Wayne Gretzky and Paul Coffey. He retired with 518 goals, 891 assists and 1,409 points, placing him 18th on the career NHL points list. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2001.The Phoenix Coyotes (successor to the Jets) retired <mask>'s No. 10 during the 2006–07 NHL season. Post-playing career <mask> became the president, director of hockey operations, and primary owner of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League's Orangeville Crushers in 2007. He left this position in 2010. On June 4, 2010, the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League named <mask> as their head coach and director of hockey operations. The 2010–11 season was a rebuilding one for the Colts, as the team went 15–49–2–2, missing the playoffs for the first time in team history. In his sophomore year, the 2011–12 season, <mask> amassed a record of 40–23–3–2; a significant improvement over his rookie season as bench boss of the Colts.Personal life <mask> was born in Toronto, Ontario, but grew up in Oshawa, Ontario. He was married to Crystal, whom he met in Manitoba while playing for the Jets. The couple had three children. Illness and death In 2019, <mask> announced he would be taking a leave of absence from the Colts for health reasons, which was later revealed to be stomach cancer. <mask> completed a course of chemotherapy in April 2020, but died on August 18, 2020 at the age of 57. Awards and achievements RDS Cup (QMJHL Rookie of the Year) (1980) Guy Lafleur Trophy (QMJHL Playoff MVP) (1980) QMJHL Championships (1980 and 1981) Memorial Cup championships (1980 and 1981) Memorial Cup All-Star First Team (1980 and 1981) Jean Béliveau Trophy (QMJHL Scoring Champion) (1981) QMJHL First Team All-Star (1981) Michel Brière Memorial Trophy (QMJHL Player of the Year) (1981) Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy (Memorial Cup MVP) (1981) CHL Player of the Year (1981) Played in NHL All-Star Game 5 times - 1982,1985,1986,1988,1997 Calder Memorial Trophy winner (1982) World Championships bronze medal (1982 and 1986) World Championships silver medal (1989) NHL Second Team All-Star Centre (1985) Canada Cup Championships (1987 and 1991) First NHL player to reach 1000 career NHL games before age 31 Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2001 Honoured Member of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame Member of the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame (2013) Inducted into the Buffalo Sabres Hall of Fame in 2011 Inducted into the Phoenix Coyotes Ring of Honor in 2007, joining Bobby Hull and Thomas Steen. The Jets/Coyotes franchise retired his number 10 on April 5, 2007.Unlike Hull and Steen, who were honored in Jets colors, <mask>'s number was retired in Coyotes apparel, despite the fact that <mask> never played in Phoenix. Honored by the second Winnipeg Jets franchise: named captain of the Jets' alumni squad at the 2016 Heritage Classic, inducted into the team's Hall of Fame in 2017, and by a planned statue to be erected near the current Jets arena in downtown Winnipeg. Out of respect for <mask>, number 10 has not been worn by any Jets player since that team relocated to Winnipeg in 2011. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Coaching record See also Captain (hockey) List of NHL players with 1000 points List of NHL players with 500 goals List of NHL statistical leaders References External links Official website <mask>'s biography at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com 1963 births 2020 deaths Buffalo Sabres players Calder Trophy winners Canadian ice hockey centres Canadian people of Ukrainian descent Cornwall Royals (QMJHL) players Deaths from cancer in Ontario Deaths from stomach cancer Hockey Hall of Fame inductees Ice hockey people from Ontario Memorial Cup winners National Hockey League All-Stars National Hockey League first overall draft picks National Hockey League first round draft picks National Hockey League players with retired numbers Philadelphia Flyers players St. Louis Blues players Sportspeople from Oshawa Sportspeople from Toronto Winnipeg Jets (1972–1996) captains Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) draft picks Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players

<mask> was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. After being drafted first overall by the Jets in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft, he played in the NHL for 16 seasons as a member of the Jets, Buffalo Sabres, St. Louis Blues and Philadelphia Flyers. He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in his second year of eligibility after winning the NHL's Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookies of the year in 1982. He was the head coach of the Colts from 2010 to 2019. His father said that his son was skating before he could walk, and that he received his first pair of skates at age two. At age four, he demonstrated superior skills. He scored all eight goals at the Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament, breaking the record set by Guy Lafleur.He was offered a tryout by the Generals at the age of 15. In 1979 he was selected 6th overall by the Cornwall Royals of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League and went on to play in the QMJHL. He was named the Freshman of the Year. The Royals were 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 The Royals won the Memorial Cup for the second year in a row, thanks to his 81 goals and 183 points. He won the Canadian Major Junior Player of the Year and the Memorial Cup. The first pick in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft was by the Jets, ahead of future Hall of Famers Ron Francis, Grant Fuhr, and Chris Chelios.At the time of the largest single season turn-around in NHL history, the Jets had a 48 point improvement. He became the youngest NHL player in history to reach 100 points, finishing with 103, and winning the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's rookies of the year. He played in the All-Star Game. After recording 91 points in his second season, he hit the 100 point mark for the next five consecutive years, including a career-high 53 goals and 130 points in 1984–85. A blockbuster trade took place during the 1990 NHL Entry Draft. He was dealt to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Phil Housley, Scott Arniel, Jeff Parker, and Buffalo's 1st round choice. He recorded 86 points over the next four years.During the 1994–95 season, his point totals fell off due to an injury. He signed with the St. Louis Blues in 1995 and recorded 41 points in 66 games before being traded to the Philadelphia Flyers. He scored 20 points in the season's final 16 games and 9 points in the playoffs. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He announced his retirement from the game at the age of 34 due to a hip problem. The only time any of his teams advanced past the second round of the playoffs was when he was with theFlyers. He played for Team Canada in the 1987 Canada Cup tournament and had a goal and two assists in the finals against the Soviets.Late in the third period, he won the face-off that led to Canada's most famous goal and tied up the Russian player who tried to check Mario Lemieux at centre ice, allowing him to take Gretzky's pass in the slot for the series winner. He was named Canada's Most Valuable Player for that game. Commentators said that he could switch from being a goal scorer to a mucker and grinder. Canada won the 1991 Canada Cup. During the mid 1980s, NHL general managers were asked to pick a player they would start a franchise with, and only Wayne Gretzky and Paul Coffey were selected. He retired with 518 goals, 891 assists and 1,409 points, placing him 18th on the career NHL points list. He was a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame.The Phoenix Coyotes are successors to the Jets. There were 10 during the NHL season. In 2007, he became the president, director of hockey operations, and primary owner of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League's Orangeville Crushers. He left this position in 2010. On June 4, 2010, the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League named him their head coach and director of hockey operations. The Colts missed the playoffs for the first time in team history in the 2010–11 season. In his sophomore year, the Colts bench boss improved his record to 40–23–3–2, a significant improvement over his first season.He was born in Toronto, Ontario, but grew up in Oshawa, Ontario. He married Crystal while playing for the Jets. They had three children. After announcing he would be taking a leave of absence from the Colts for health reasons, he was later found to have stomach cancer. He died on August 18, 2020 at the age of 57, after completing a course of chemotherapy in April 2020. The RDS Cup, the Guy Lafleur Trophy, and the Memorial Cup All-Star First Team were all awards. On April 5, 2007, the Jets/Coyotes retired his number 10.Despite the fact that he never played in Phoenix, <mask>'s number was retired in Coyotes apparel, despite the fact that he was honored in Jets colors. The captain of the Jets' alumni squad at the 2016 Heritage Classic, as well as a planned statue to be erected near the current Jets arena, were honored by the second Winnipeg Jets franchise. Number 10 has not been worn by a Jets player since the team relocated to Winnipeg. NHL players with 1000 points, NHL players with 500 goals and NHL statistical leaders are listed.

20908272

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20Melloni

Alberto Melloni

Alberto Melloni (Reggio nell'Emilia, 6 January 1959) is an Italian church historian and a Unesco Chairholder of the Chair on Religious Pluralism & Peace, primarily known for his work on the Councils and the Second Vatican Council. Since 2020, he is one of the European Commission's Chief Scientific Advisors. Career He studied in Bologna, at Cornell and in Fribourg (Switzerland) and he has taught at the University of Bologna and Roma Tre University. He is currently Professor of the History of Christianity at the University of Modena-Reggio Emilia. Holder of the Unesco Chair on religious pluralism and peace, he is Director of the Fondazione per le scienze religiose “Giovanni XXIII” in Bologna. He is principal investigator for the European Infraia Rei_Res project headed by the Fondazione, and coordinator of the Resilience research infrastructure project. He spearheaded the establishment of the European Academy of Religion. A research platform which includes institutions, associations, academies, publishers, reviews concerned with the study of religion throughout Europe, the Mediterrean, Middle East, the Balcans, Caucasus and Russia. He worked on the History of the Second Vatican Council directed by Giuseppe Alberigo, and directed the Edizione nazionale dei diari di A.G. Roncalli (Istituto per le scienze religiose, Bologna 2003-2008), the Dizionario del sapere storico religioso del 900 (Il Mulino, Bologna 2010) and Cristiani d'Italia. Chiese, stato, società 1861-2011 (Treccani, Rome 2011). He is chief editor for the project Conciliorum oecumenicorum generaliumqe decreta in Brepols's Corpus Christianorum and for the Mansi 3, a digital edition of all the church councils held in the course of history. He is responsible for the European research network on Pope Pius XI, and director of the Enciclopedia costantiniana for Treccani. He edited Benedetto XV. Papa Giacomo della Chiesa nel mondo dell'inutile strage, 2 voll. (il Mulino, Bologna 2017) and Lutero. Un cristiano fra riforme e modernità 2 voll. (il Mulino, Bologna 2017), also published in English and German by De Gruyter, 2017. He has published works on medieval canon law, the church and the state in the twentieth century, on the Conclave. His most recent publications are: Papa Giovanni. Un cristiano e il suo concilio (Einaudi, Torino 2009), Pacem in terris. Storia dell'ultima enciclica di papa Giovanni (Laterza, Roma-Bari 2010), Le cinque perle di Giovanni Paolo II (Mondadori, Milano 2011). He is an associate of the Accademia dei Lincei, honorary member of the Accademia Rubiconia, alderman for the Académie internationale des sciences religieuses, member of the scientific committee of the Enciclopedia Italiana, member of the trustees board for the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of Italy's unification, board member of Refo500, board member for the Dizionario biografico degli italiani, member of the international board for reviews such as the Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique in Leuven, Schweizerischen Zeitschrift für Religions- und Kulturgeschichte in Fribourg, and Studia Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ published by the University of South Africa. He is working on La grande storia and special hosts for the national broadcasting History Channel. He has created and currently hosts Il sabbatico on Rainews24. He is also a columnist for both Il Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica. Professor Melloni is a major contributor to the work on the Second Vatican Council led and promoted by the so-called “scuola di Bologna”. Its research mainly focused on the discontinuity hermeneutics, which differs from the official position of the Church according to a few Italian journalists. Pope Benedict XVI in fact states: "Discontinuity hermeneutics is likely to create an abrupt separation between the pre-conciliar and post-conciliar church". On the other hand, scholars related to the “scuola di Bologna” highlight the fact that the Pope's opinion does not centre exclusively on continuity. According to Melloni it is impossible to read the Pope's words as a mere post-conciliar repentance. In 2020, Professor Melloni was appointed as Chief Scientific Advisor to the European Commission, one of a group of seven as part of the Scientific Advice Mechanism. Selected bibliography Books Le cinque perle di Giovanni Paolo II, Milano, Mondadori 2011 Papa Giovanni. Un cristiano e il suo concilio, Torino, Einaudi 2009 La storia che giudica la storia che assolve, saggi di O. Marquard e A. Melloni, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2008 L'inizio di papa Ratzinger. Lezioni sul conclave del 2005 e sull'incipit del pontificato di Benedetto XVI, Torino 2006 Chiesa madre, chiesa matrigna. Un discorso storico sul cristianesimo che cambia, Torino 2004 Il conclave. Storia di una istituzione, Bologna 2001, 298 pp.; tr.ted. Freiburg a.M. 2002; tr.sp. Madrid 2002; tr.port. Rio de Janeiro 2002; tr.fr. Paris 2003; tr.pol. Warszawa 2004; (ried. Il conclave. Storia dell'elezione del papa, Bologna 2005) L'altra Roma. Politica e S. Sede durante il concilio Vaticano II (1959–1965), Bologna 2000 Il Giornale dell'Anima di Giovanni XXIII, Milano 2000 Tra Istanbul, Atene e la guerra. A.G. Roncalli vicario e delegato apostolico (1935–1944), Genova (Marietti) 1993, 325 pp. Innocenzo IV. La concezione e l'esperienza della cristianità come regimen unius personæ, prefazione di B. Tierney, Genova, Marietti 1990 Critical editions Corpus Christianorum - Conciliorum œcumenicorum generaliumqe decreta, ed. G. Alberigo et A. Melloni, Turnhout 2007 vol. 1; 2010 vol. 3; 2011 vol. 2, 2013 vol. 4-5 Cronache sociali, 1947-1951, edizione anastatica integrale e introduzione a cura di Alberto Melloni , Bologna (Istituto per le scienze religiose) 2007, 1893 pp. con DVD Angelo G. Roncalli-Giovanni XXIII, «Il Giornale dell'Anima», Edizione critica ed annotazione a cura di Alberto Melloni , Bologna (Istituto per le scienze religiose) 2002m 545 pp. (I ed. 1987, 802 pp.) Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Poesie , a cura di A. Melloni, Bose 1999 M.-D. Chenu, Notes quotidiennes au Concile , Paris 1995, pp. 7–54; [tr.it. Bologna 1996] Angelo G. Roncalli-Giovanni XXIII, La predicazione ad Istanbul. Omelie, discorsi e note pastorali (1935-1944), a cura di Alberto Melloni, Firenze (L.S. Olschki) 1993, 420 pp. Giuseppe Dossetti, La ricerca costituente. Interventi 1945-1952 , Bologna 1994 See also Giuseppe Dossetti Pope John XXIII Pope John Paul II Pope Innocent IV Marie-Dominique Chenu Dietrich Bonhoeffer Notes External links Fondazione per le scienze religiose “Giovanni XXIII” Corpus Christianorum European Academy of Religion Italian historians 1959 births Living people

<mask> (Reggio nell'Emilia, 6 January 1959) is an Italian church historian and a Unesco Chairholder of the Chair on Religious Pluralism & Peace, primarily known for his work on the Councils and the Second Vatican Council. Since 2020, he is one of the European Commission's Chief Scientific Advisors. Career He studied in Bologna, at Cornell and in Fribourg (Switzerland) and he has taught at the University of Bologna and Roma Tre University. He is currently Professor of the History of Christianity at the University of Modena-Reggio Emilia. Holder of the Unesco Chair on religious pluralism and peace, he is Director of the Fondazione per le scienze religiose “Giovanni XXIII” in Bologna. He is principal investigator for the European Infraia Rei_Res project headed by the Fondazione, and coordinator of the Resilience research infrastructure project. He spearheaded the establishment of the European Academy of Religion.A research platform which includes institutions, associations, academies, publishers, reviews concerned with the study of religion throughout Europe, the Mediterrean, Middle East, the Balcans, Caucasus and Russia. He worked on the History of the Second Vatican Council directed by Giuseppe Alberigo, and directed the Edizione nazionale dei diari di A.G. Roncalli (Istituto per le scienze religiose, Bologna 2003-2008), the Dizionario del sapere storico religioso del 900 (Il Mulino, Bologna 2010) and Cristiani d'Italia. Chiese, stato, società 1861-2011 (Treccani, Rome 2011). He is chief editor for the project Conciliorum oecumenicorum generaliumqe decreta in Brepols's Corpus Christianorum and for the Mansi 3, a digital edition of all the church councils held in the course of history. He is responsible for the European research network on Pope Pius XI, and director of the Enciclopedia costantiniana for Treccani. He edited Benedetto XV. Papa Giacomo della Chiesa nel mondo dell'inutile strage, 2 voll.(il Mulino, Bologna 2017) and Lutero. Un cristiano fra riforme e modernità 2 voll. (il Mulino, Bologna 2017), also published in English and German by De Gruyter, 2017. He has published works on medieval canon law, the church and the state in the twentieth century, on the Conclave. His most recent publications are: Papa Giovanni. Un cristiano e il suo concilio (Einaudi, Torino 2009), Pacem in terris. Storia dell'ultima enciclica di papa Giovanni (Laterza, Roma-Bari 2010), Le cinque perle di Giovanni Paolo II (Mondadori, Milano 2011).He is an associate of the Accademia dei Lincei, honorary member of the Accademia Rubiconia, alderman for the Académie internationale des sciences religieuses, member of the scientific committee of the Enciclopedia Italiana, member of the trustees board for the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of Italy's unification, board member of Refo500, board member for the Dizionario biografico degli italiani, member of the international board for reviews such as the Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique in Leuven, Schweizerischen Zeitschrift für Religions- und Kulturgeschichte in Fribourg, and Studia Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ published by the University of South Africa. He is working on La grande storia and special hosts for the national broadcasting History Channel. He has created and currently hosts Il sabbatico on Rainews24. He is also a columnist for both Il Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica. Professor <mask> is a major contributor to the work on the Second Vatican Council led and promoted by the so-called “scuola di Bologna”. Its research mainly focused on the discontinuity hermeneutics, which differs from the official position of the Church according to a few Italian journalists. Pope Benedict XVI in fact states: "Discontinuity hermeneutics is likely to create an abrupt separation between the pre-conciliar and post-conciliar church".On the other hand, scholars related to the “scuola di Bologna” highlight the fact that the Pope's opinion does not centre exclusively on continuity. According to Melloni it is impossible to read the Pope's words as a mere post-conciliar repentance. In 2020, Professor <mask> was appointed as Chief Scientific Advisor to the European Commission, one of a group of seven as part of the Scientific Advice Mechanism. Selected bibliography Books Le cinque perle di Giovanni Paolo II, Milano, Mondadori 2011 Papa Giovanni. Un cristiano e il suo concilio, Torino, Einaudi 2009 La storia che giudica la storia che assolve, saggi di O. Marquard e A. Melloni, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2008 L'inizio di papa Ratzinger. Lezioni sul conclave del 2005 e sull'incipit del pontificato di Benedetto XVI, Torino 2006 Chiesa madre, chiesa matrigna. Un discorso storico sul cristianesimo che cambia, Torino 2004 Il conclave.Storia di una istituzione, Bologna 2001, 298 pp. ; tr.ted. Freiburg a.M. 2002; tr.sp. Madrid 2002; tr.port. Rio de Janeiro 2002; tr.fr. Paris 2003; tr.pol. Warszawa 2004; (ried.Il conclave. Storia dell'elezione del papa, Bologna 2005) L'altra Roma. Politica e S. Sede durante il concilio Vaticano II (1959–1965), Bologna 2000 Il Giornale dell'Anima di Giovanni XXIII, Milano 2000 Tra Istanbul, Atene e la guerra. A.G. Roncalli vicario e delegato apostolico (1935–1944), Genova (Marietti) 1993, 325 pp. Innocenzo IV. La concezione e l'esperienza della cristianità come regimen unius personæ, prefazione di B. Tierney, Genova, Marietti 1990 Critical editions Corpus Christianorum - Conciliorum œcumenicorum generaliumqe decreta, ed. G. Alberigo et A. Melloni, Turnhout 2007 vol.1; 2010 vol. 3; 2011 vol. 2, 2013 vol. 4-5 Cronache sociali, 1947-1951, edizione anastatica integrale e introduzione a cura di <mask> , Bologna (Istituto per le scienze religiose) 2007, 1893 pp. con DVD Angelo G. Roncalli-Giovanni XXIII, «Il Giornale dell'Anima», Edizione critica ed annotazione a cura di <mask> , Bologna (Istituto per le scienze religiose) 2002m 545 pp. (I ed. 1987, 802 pp.)Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Poesie , a cura di A. <mask>, Bose 1999 M.-D. Chenu, Notes quotidiennes au Concile , Paris 1995, pp. 7–54; [tr.it. Bologna 1996] Angelo G. Roncalli-Giovanni XXIII, La predicazione ad Istanbul. Omelie, discorsi e note pastorali (1935-1944), a cura di <mask>, Firenze (L.S. Olschki) 1993, 420 pp. Giuseppe Dossetti, La ricerca costituente. Interventi 1945-1952 , Bologna 1994 See also Giuseppe Dossetti Pope John XXIII Pope John Paul II Pope Innocent IV Marie-Dominique Chenu Dietrich Bonhoeffer Notes External links Fondazione per le scienze religiose “Giovanni XXIII” Corpus Christianorum European Academy of Religion Italian historians 1959 births Living people

The Chair on Religious Pluralism & Peace is held by the Italian church historian and Unesco Chairholder, who is known for his work on the Second Vatican Council. He is one of the European Commission's Chief Scientific Advisors. He has degrees from Cornell and the University of Bologna, as well as teaching at the University of Bologna. He teaches History of Christianity at the University of Modena-Reggio Emilia. He is the holder of the Unesco Chair on religious pluralism and peace. He is the principal investigator for the European Infraia Rei_Res project. The European Academy of Religion was started by him.The platform reviews the study of religion throughout Europe, the Mediterrean, Middle East, the Balcans, and Russia. The History of the Second Vatican Council was directed by Giuseppe Alberigo. Chiese, stato, societ 1861-2011. He is the chief editor for the project Conciliorum oecumenicorum generaliumqereta in Brepols's Christianorum and the Mansi 3, a digital edition of all the church councils held in the course of history. He is responsible for the European research network on Pope Pius XI. Benedetto XV was edited by him. There is a 2 voll. Papa Giacomo della Chiesa.Both Mulino and Lutero were from Bologna. Un cristiano fra riforme e modernit 2 volumes. (il Mulino, Bologna 2017) was also published in English and German. The church and the state have been published on the Conclave. Papa Giovanni is his most recent publication. Pacem in terris, un cristiano e il suo concilio. Le cinque perle di Giovanni Paolo II was published in 2011.He is an associate of the Accademia dei Lincei and a member of the scientific committee of the Enciclopedia Italiana. He is working on a show for the History Channel. He is the host of Il sabbatico on Rainews 24. He is a columnist for both newspapers. The Second Vatican Council was led and promoted by the so-called "scuola di Bologna". According to a few Italian journalists, its research focused on the discontinuity hermeneutics, which is different from the official position of the Church. A separation between the pre-conciliar and post-conciliar church is likely to be created bycontinuity hermeneutics.The scholars related to the "scuola di Bologna" highlight the fact that the Pope's opinion does not solely focus on continuity. It is not possible to read the Pope's words as a post-conciliar repentance. Professor <mask> was appointed as Chief Scientific Advisor to the European Commission in 2020 as part of the Scientific Advice Mechanism. The books are Le cinque perle di Giovanni Paolo II, Milano, Mondadori. Torino, Einaudi 2009, saggi di O. Marquard e A. Melloni. The 2005 conclave of Lezioni was preceded by the pontificato di Benedetto XVI. Torino 2004 il conclave, un discorso storico sul cristianesimo.Bologna 2001 edition of Storia di una istituzione. It was tr.ted. 2002; tr.sp. The port of Madrid was opened in 2002. The city of Rio de Janeiro was founded in 2002. Paris 2003 Warszawa wasried in 2004.I conclave. Bologna 2005) L'altra Roma. Politica e S. Sede durante il concilio Vaticano II. A.G. Roncalli vicario e delegato apostolico was published in 1993. There is a man named Innocenzo IV. The concezione e l'esperienza della cristianit come regimen unius person. The Turnhout 2007 vol. was written by G. Alberigo and A<mask>.2010 vol. 3; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; 2011; The second volume of the year. The Cronache sociali, 1947- 1951, edizione anastatica integrale e introduzione, was published in 1893. The DVD Il Giornale dell'Anima, Angelo G. Roncalli-Giovanni XII, is annotazione a cura in Bologna. I ed. In 1987, 802 pp.Bose M.-D. Chenu, Notes quotidiennes Au Concile, Paris 1995, pp. 7–54. La predicazione ad Istanbul was written by Angelo G. Roncalli-Giovanni. Omelie, discorsi e note pastorali was located in Firenze. 395 pp. Olschki Giuseppe Dossetti, La ricerca costituente. Giuseppe Dossetti Pope John XII Pope John Paul II Pope Innocent IV.

695584

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper%20Adams

Pepper Adams

Park Frederick "Pepper" Adams III (October 8, 1930 – September 10, 1986) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist and composer. He composed 42 pieces, was the leader on eighteen albums spanning 28 years, and participated in 600 sessions as a sideman. He worked with an array of musicians, and had especially fruitful collaborations with trumpeter Donald Byrd and as a member of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band. Biography Early life Pepper Adams was born in Highland Park, Michigan, to father Park Adams II and mother Cleo Marie Coyle. Both of his parents were college graduates, with each spending some time at the University of Michigan. Due to the onset of the Great Depression, Adams' parents separated to allow his father to find work without geographic dependence. In the fall of 1931, Adams moved with his mother to his extended family's farm near Columbia City, Indiana, where food and support were more readily available. In 1933, Adams began playing piano. His father having reunited with the family, they moved to Rochester, New York, in 1935 and in that city he began his musical efforts on tenor sax and clarinet. Two years later, Adams began deepening his developing passion for music by listening to Fats Waller's daily radio show. He was also influenced at a young age by listening to Fletcher Henderson's big band radio broadcasts out of Nashville, Jimmie Lunceford, Duke Ellington, and Cab Calloway. Adams would later describe "[his] time up until the age of eight or so [as] really just traveling from one place to another". As early as 4th grade, Adams sold cigarettes and candy door-to-door in order to contribute to his family's income for essential items. Adams' interest in performing further grew in 6th grade when the public school system offered a loaned musical instrument to any student who was interested, and further musical instruction if he could get into the school band. Initially Adams chose the trumpet, then the trombone, but eventually settled on the clarinet, which he played in the school band. The following year Adams attained his lifelong nickname of "Pepper" due to former St. Louis Cardinals star Pepper Martin signing on to manage and play for the hometown minor league team, the Rochester Red Wings. Adams' classmates saw a resemblance between the two, and the nickname stuck. Later in his career, Adams also attained the nickname "the Knife" for "his 'slashing and chopping technique', which had a humbling effect upon musicians fortunate enough to gig with him". In 1943, Adams skipped school for a week in order to see Ellington play local gigs. He eventually met Rex Stewart, who further introduced him to Harry Carney and other band members. This led to Adams being able to take lessons from Skippy Williams, who was the tenor saxophonist in Ellington's band. Adams switched to the tenor saxophone in the fall of 1943 due to his jobs as a box cutter in the mail order room of a jazz store and an usher at a movie theater, which gave him enough money to buy the instrument. His job at the jazz store also allowed him to listen to all of the newest available jazz records and led to his emulation of Coleman Hawkins, who he had heard play locally in 1945, and interest in the music of Don Byas. Adams' first steady gig came in 1946 with a six-piece group led by Ben Smith, which then caused him to drop out of school in the 11th grade due to working six nights a week. Early playing career At age 16, Adams and his mother moved to Detroit, where he soon began playing with Willie Wells, who he had heard play for Fletcher Henderson, Fats Navarro, Tommy Flanagan, and Willie Anderson. He had received casual instruction from Wardell Gray and Billy Mitchell, and played with a group led by Little John Wilson as well. Through the employee discount from his job at Grinnell's, a music store in Detroit, Adams purchased what would become his main instrument: the baritone saxophone. He initially purchased a used Bundy baritone saxophone, but later traded it in for a new Selmer 'Balanced Action' E-flat baritone in 1948, which he used until 1978. This switch proved to be successful, as he was soon playing in Lucky Thompson's band. In Detroit, Adams also met several jazz musicians who would become future performing partners, including trumpeter Donald Byrd. He attended Wayne State University. Adams became interested in Wardell Gray's approach to the saxophone, later naming Gray and Harry Carney as his influences. He also spent time in a United States Army band, and briefly had a tour of duty in Korea. Upon returning from Korea, Adams began playing at the Blue Bird Inn in Detroit where he played with Thad Jones under the leadership of Beans Richardson. When Jones left to play with Count Basie, Adams then became the music director at the Blue Bird. In late 1954 Adams left the Blue Bird to join Kenny Burrell's group at Klein's Show Bar, also in Detroit, where he would later become musical director following Burrell's departure. Following the recommendation of friend Oscar Pettiford, Adams joined the Stan Kenton Orchestra in 1956, where he played for a majority of the year until leaving the group to form a new ensemble with Lee Katzman and Mel Lewis in Los Angeles. Before moving to California, Adams also recorded with Kenny Clarke, Curtis Fuller, and Quincy Jones. In April 1957, Adams joined Chet Baker's group, where he played for about a year. He later moved to New York City, where he performed on the album Baritones and French Horns with Cecil Payne (later re-issued as Dakar as by John Coltrane, who also played on the album), worked with Lee Morgan on The Cooker, and briefly worked with Benny Goodman's band in 1958. During this time, Adams also began working with Charles Mingus, performing on one of Mingus's Atlantic albums of the period, Blues & Roots, which includes Adams' extended solo on "Moanin'". Thereafter, he recorded with Mingus sporadically until the latter's death in 1979. Adams formed a quintet with Donald Byrd in 1958 that lasted until 1961. Following the breakup of the Donald Byrd–Pepper Adams Quintet, Adams lacked a consistent band association until 1965 and the formation of the Thad Jones–Pepper Adams Quintet. During this phase, he performed with the likes of Teddy Charles, Pony Poindexter, Marcus Belgrave, Thelonious Monk, and Lionel Hampton. In September 1963, Adams made an agreement with Motown Records for an exclusive recording contract and an exclusive management contract with International Talent Management, a Motown affiliate. Prior to signing with Motown, Adams turned down an offer from Harry James to play in his Las Vegas-based band because it was extremely commercial and presented few opportunities to solo, despite its $10,000 annual salary. Partnership with Thad Jones He later became a founding member of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band, with whom he played from 1965 to 1976, and thereafter continued to record Jones's compositions on many of his own albums. Adams also co-led a quintet with Donald Byrd from 1958 to 1962, with whom he recorded a live date, 10 to 4 at the 5 Spot (Riverside), featuring Elvin Jones, and a sequence of albums for Blue Note. During this time he also played with the Sal Salvador Big Band at the Diamond Beach Club in Wildwood, New Jersey, in August 1965, along with Teddy Charles in early 1966, and Ella Fitzgerald in 1967. Most of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band performances took place at the Village Vanguard in New York City, along with many colleges and other locations around the United States, Europe, and Asia. The 18-year period spent with Thad Jones was filled with almost constant touring when the band was not playing their steady gig at the Village Vanguard. One of the ensemble's most frequent performing locations outside the United States was the Montmartre in Copenhagen, Denmark. Solo career Adams' solo career began in 1977 in California, where he initially stayed with John and Ron Marabuto. He soon played gigs with Mingus, Baker, and Hampton, with whom he went on a two-month European tour in 1978. On March 18, 1978, Adams purchased a new Selmer baritone saxophone that served as his interim back-up instrument for his original saxophone that he had been using since 1948. In 1979, Adams played several gigs with Per Husby across Norway. On June 5, 1980, the Berg Larsen mouthpiece Adams had been using for 32 years finally broke, which led him to replace it with a Dukoff D-5 mouthpiece and a Bari plastic reed. The following day Adams premiered his new set-up at One Step Down in Washington, D.C. Adams began composing "Urban Dreams" on July 29, 1980, on a flight to London for a short European tour. Adams finally replaced his original Selmer E-flat 'Balanced Action' baritone saxophone in December 1980 after 31 years of use. In 1981, Adams performed with Rein de Graaff's trio, Per Husby's trio, and the Franco D'Andrea trio for three short European tours. When in New York City, Adams performed at Fat Tuesday's several times during this period of his career, one of which, Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session, earned him a Grammy nomination in 1984 for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance as a Soloist. In later years, Adams toured England and continental Europe several times, performing there with local rhythm sections, and he performed with a Count Basie tribute band at the Grande Parade du Jazz in Nice. Leg injury and end of career Adams' life was severely altered by the leg injury he sustained in December 1983, which was caused by his car's parking brake becoming disengaged on his slanted driveway. This led the car to pin Adams up against his garage door, crushing his leg and restricting him to bed rest for the following five months. Despite the long recovery from his injury, Adams began playing again and exhibited his love for performing in October 1984 by flying from New York City all the way to Singapore for a one-night gig, then returning two days later. He eventually regained the strength in his leg to move without the use of a wheelchair or cane in January 1985, after more than a year of recovery. Adams was a chain smoker for most of his life. While in Sweden in March 1985, he visited a chest specialist at the suggestion of a friend, Gunnar Windahl, and was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was hospitalized for testing later that month in New York, then was forced to take a break from performing or traveling for two months that summer in order to undergo radiation treatments. A benefit concert was held for Adams on September 29, 1985, in New York City that featured Dizzy Gillespie, Frank Foster, Kenny Burrell, Tommy Flanagan, and the Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra, among others. Despite his various health issues, Adams continued pushing himself professionally, which was exemplified by his stretch in Dublin, Ireland, April 4–6, 1986, when he played five gigs over three days with five different bands. Adams was diagnosed with pleurisy in April 1986 and died of lung cancer in Brooklyn, New York, on September 10, 1986. His final performance took place on July 2, 1986, at the Spectrum in Montreal as part of the Montreal Jazz Festival. Before counting off the first song, he received a standing ovation from the crowd. Style Pepper Adams was in many ways the antithesis of near-contemporary baritone players Gerry Mulligan and Serge Chaloff, who favored melodic cool jazz. In contrast, Adams managed to bring the cumbersome baritone into the blisteringly fast speeds of hard bop. Gary Carner, Adams's biographer, described his style as having "very long, tumbling, double-time melodic lines. And that raw, piercing, bark-like timbre." Adams "succeeded in elevating [the baritone saxophone] to the level of all other solo instruments [with] blinding speed, penetrating timbre, distinctive sound, harmonic ingenuity, precise articulation, confident time-feel, and use of melodic paraphrase". Throughout his career, Adams consistently chose musical expression over large paychecks, as "[he] repeatedly recalled with great satisfaction his decision to play [in groups focused on musical expression] rather than to change his style to secure better paying jobs with now little-known white musicians". A large part of Adams' appeal was that "[he] had the remarkable ability to blow low with enormous power and swing, becoming a hefty addition to big band reed sections. He also was an equally dominant voice in small groups, adding ferocious excitement and stamina". Despite his prowess at hard bop, Adams was also adept at ballads and slower numbers. An example is his contribution to the album Chet (1958) including a solo on the bittersweet "Alone Together" that critic Dave Nathan described as "one of the album's high points". Awards and honors He won DownBeats New Star award in 1957 and was named baritone soloist of the year for 1980. Adams was nominated three times for a Grammy Award, including nominations for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance as a Soloist for Reflectory in 1979 and Best Jazz Soloist for The Master.... In the 1975 Playboy magazine annual music poll, he was named an All Star's All-Star. In 1967 Adams received the Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition award from DownBeat. From 1979 to 1982, Adams won the award for best baritone saxophonist from DownBeats International Jazz Critics' Poll on four consecutive occasions, something Adams attributed to his frequent touring of Europe throughout his career. In December 1982, Adams won the DownBeat Readers' Poll award for the best baritone saxophonist in the world, unseating Gerry Mulligan, who had held that distinction since 1953. Discography As leader/co-leader Baritones and French Horns (Prestige, 16rpm LP issue, 1957) with the Prestige All Stars; conventional LP release of session led by Adams as Dakar under John Coltrane's name Pepper Adams Quintet (Mode, 1957) Critics' Choice (Pacific Jazz, 1957) The Cool Sound of Pepper Adams (Regent/Savoy, 1957) The Pepper-Knepper Quintet (MetroJazz, 1958) with Jimmy Knepper 10 to 4 at the 5 Spot (Riverside, 1958) Motor City Scene (Bethlehem, 1960) with Donald Byrd Out of This World (Warwick, 1961) with Donald Byrd Pepper Adams Plays the Compositions of Charlie Mingus (Workshop Jazz, 1963) Mean What You Say (Milestone, 1966) with Thad Jones Encounter! (Prestige, 1968) Ephemera (Spotlite, 1973) Julian (Enja, 1975) Twelfth & Pingree (Enja, 1975) Baritone Madness (Bee Hive, 1977) with Nick Brignola Reflectory (Muse, 1978) Be-Bop? (Musica, 1979) with Barry Altschul The Master (Muse, 1980) Urban Dreams (Palo Alto, 1981) California Cookin' (Interplay, 1983) Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session (Reservoir, 1983) Generations (Muse, 1985) with Frank Foster The Adams Effect (Uptown, 1985 [1988]) As sideman With Ray Alexander Cloud Patterns (Nerus, 1983) With Mose Allison Hello There, Universe (Atlantic, 1970) With Gene Ammons The Big Sound (Prestige, 1958) Groove Blues (Prestige, 1958) Blue Gene (Prestige, 1958) With Chet Baker Theme Music from "The James Dean Story" (World Pacific, 1956) – with Bud Shank Chet (Riverside, 1959) Chet Baker Plays the Best of Lerner and Loewe (Riverside, 1959) With Walter Bishop Jr. Cubicle (Muse, 1978) With Joshua Breakstone Echoes (Contemporary, 1987) With Ray Bryant MCMLXX (Atlantic, 1970) With Donald Byrd Byrd in Hand (Blue Note, 1959) Off to the Races (Blue Note, 1959) At the Half Note Cafe (Blue Note, 1960) Chant (Blue Note, 1961) Royal Flush (Blue Note, 1961) The Cat Walk (Blue Note, 1961) The Creeper (Blue Note, 1967) Electric Byrd (Blue Note, 1970) With Hank Crawford Double Cross (Atlantic, 1968) Mr. Blues Plays Lady Soul (Atlantic, 1969) Help Me Make it Through the Night (Kudu, 1972) With Richard Davis Muses for Richard Davis (MPS, 1969) With Maynard Ferguson Ridin' High (Enterprise, 1967) With Don Friedman Hot Knepper and Pepper (Progressive, 1978 [1980]) With Jimmy Forrest Soul Street (Prestige, 1958 [1962]) With Curtis Fuller Four on the Outside (Timeless, 1978) With Red Garland Red's Good Groove (Jazzland, 1962) With Dizzy Gillespie Live at the Village Vanguard (Solid State, 1968) With Bobby Hackett Creole Cookin' (Verve, 1967) With Johnny Hammond Wild Horses Rock Steady (Kudu, 1971) The Prophet (Kudu, 1972) With Barry Harris Luminescence! (Prestige, 1967) Bull's Eye! (Prestige, 1968) With Elvin Jones Poly-Currents (Blue Note, 1969) Merry-Go-Round (Blue Note, 1971) With Philly Joe Jones Showcase (Riverside, 1959) With Quincy Jones I/We Had a Ball (Limelight, 1965) Gula Matari (CTI, 1970) With The Thad Jones/ Mel Lewis Orchestra Opening Night (Alan Grant Presents, 1966) Presenting Thad Jones/Mel Lewis and the Jazz Orchestra (Solid State, 1966) Presenting Joe Williams and Thad Jones/Mel Lewis, the Jazz Orchestra (Solid State, 1966) Live at the Village Vanguard (Solid State, 1967) The Big Band Sound of Thad Jones/Mel Lewis featuring Miss Ruth Brown (Solid State, 1968) Monday Night (Solid State, 1968) Basle, 1969 (TCB Music, 1969) Consummation (Solid State/Blue Note1970) Suite for Pops (A&M Horizon, 1972) Live in Tokyo (Denon Jazz, 1974) Potpourri (Philadelphia International, 1974) Thad Jones/Mel Lewis and Manuel De Sica (Pausa, 1974) New Life (A&M / Horizon, 1976) Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra with Rhoda Scott (Barclay (France), 1976) Live in Munich (Horizon, 1976) It Only Happens Every Time (EMI/Inner City, 1977) With Stan Kenton Kenton with Voices (Capitol, 1957) With Peter Leitch Exhilaration (Reservoir, 1991) With Herbie Mann Our Mann Flute (Atlantic, 1966) With Arif Mardin Journey (Atlantic, 1974) With Howard McGhee Dusty Blue (Bethlehem, 1960) With Helen Merrill Chasin' the Bird (EmArcy, 1979) With Charles Mingus Blues & Roots (Atlantic, 1959) The Complete Town Hall Concert (Blue Note, 1962 [1994]) With Blue Mitchell A Sure Thing (Blue Note, 1962) Boss Horn (Blue Note, 1966) Heads Up! (Blue Note, 1967) With The Mitchells: Red Mitchell, Whitey Mitchell, Blue Mitchell and André Previn Get Those Elephants Out'a Here (MetroJazz, 1958) With Hank Mobley Poppin' (Blue Note, 1957) With Thelonious Monk The Thelonious Monk Orchestra at Town Hall (Riverside, 1959) With Lee Morgan The Cooker (Blue Note, 1957) Standards (Blue Note, 1967) With Oliver Nelson More Blues and the Abstract Truth (Impulse!, 1964) With Duke Pearson Dedication! (Prestige, 1970, rec. 1961), issued as Minor Mishap (Black Lion, 1989) under Freddie Hubbard's name Honeybuns (Atlantic, 1965) Introducing Duke Pearson's Big Band (Blue Note, 1967) Now Hear This (Blue Note, 1968) With Houston Person Blue Odyssey (Prestige, 1968) With Pony Poindexter Pony's Express (Epic, 1962) With Shorty Rogers Shorty Rogers Plays Richard Rodgers (RCA Victor, 1957) Portrait of Shorty (RCA Victor, 1957) With A. K. Salim Pretty for the People (Savoy, 1957) With Lalo Schifrin Black Widow (CTI, 1976) With Ben Sidran Too Hot to Touch (Windham Hill Records, 1988) With Dakota Staton I Want a Country Man (Groove Merchant, 1973) With Idrees Sulieman Roots (New Jazz, 1957) with the Prestige All Stars With Toots Thielemans Man Bites Harmonica! (Riverside, 1957) With Mickey Tucker Mister Mysterious (Muse, 1978) With Stanley Turrentine The Spoiler (Blue Note, 1966) With Jimmy Witherspoon Blues for Easy Livers (Prestige, 1965) With Joe Zawinul Money in the Pocket (Atlantic, 1967) Live recordings released posthumously Live in Europe (Marge (F), 1977) with the Georges Arvanitas Trio Pepper Adams Live (aka Live Jazz by the Sea) (1977), live in California California Cookin' (1983), live in California References 1930 births 1986 deaths Hard bop saxophonists Mainstream jazz saxophonists Jazz baritone saxophonists American jazz baritone saxophonists Musicians from Detroit Savoy Records artists Enja Records artists Muse Records artists Palo Alto Records artists Deaths from lung cancer Deaths from cancer in New York (state) Riverside Records artists 20th-century American musicians 20th-century saxophonists American male saxophonists Jazz musicians from Michigan 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra members Reservoir Records artists Uptown Records (jazz) artists

Park Frederick "<mask><mask> (October 8, 1930 – September 10, 1986) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist and composer. He composed 42 pieces, was the leader on eighteen albums spanning 28 years, and participated in 600 sessions as a sideman. He worked with an array of musicians, and had especially fruitful collaborations with trumpeter Donald Byrd and as a member of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band. Biography Early life <mask> was born in Highland Park, Michigan, to father <mask> II and mother Cleo Marie Coyle. Both of his parents were college graduates, with each spending some time at the University of Michigan. Due to the onset of the Great Depression, <mask>' parents separated to allow his father to find work without geographic dependence. In the fall of 1931, <mask> moved with his mother to his extended family's farm near Columbia City, Indiana, where food and support were more readily available.In 1933, <mask> began playing piano. His father having reunited with the family, they moved to Rochester, New York, in 1935 and in that city he began his musical efforts on tenor sax and clarinet. Two years later, <mask> began deepening his developing passion for music by listening to Fats Waller's daily radio show. He was also influenced at a young age by listening to Fletcher Henderson's big band radio broadcasts out of Nashville, Jimmie Lunceford, Duke Ellington, and Cab Calloway. <mask> would later describe "[his] time up until the age of eight or so [as] really just traveling from one place to another". As early as 4th grade, <mask> sold cigarettes and candy door-to-door in order to contribute to his family's income for essential items. <mask>' interest in performing further grew in 6th grade when the public school system offered a loaned musical instrument to any student who was interested, and further musical instruction if he could get into the school band.Initially <mask> chose the trumpet, then the trombone, but eventually settled on the clarinet, which he played in the school band. The following year <mask> attained his lifelong nickname of "<mask>" due to former St. Louis Cardinals star <mask> signing on to manage and play for the hometown minor league team, the Rochester Red Wings. <mask>' classmates saw a resemblance between the two, and the nickname stuck. Later in his career, <mask> also attained the nickname "the Knife" for "his 'slashing and chopping technique', which had a humbling effect upon musicians fortunate enough to gig with him". In 1943, <mask> skipped school for a week in order to see Ellington play local gigs. He eventually met Rex Stewart, who further introduced him to Harry Carney and other band members. This led to <mask> being able to take lessons from Skippy Williams, who was the tenor saxophonist in Ellington's band.<mask> switched to the tenor saxophone in the fall of 1943 due to his jobs as a box cutter in the mail order room of a jazz store and an usher at a movie theater, which gave him enough money to buy the instrument. His job at the jazz store also allowed him to listen to all of the newest available jazz records and led to his emulation of Coleman Hawkins, who he had heard play locally in 1945, and interest in the music of Don Byas. <mask>' first steady gig came in 1946 with a six-piece group led by Ben Smith, which then caused him to drop out of school in the 11th grade due to working six nights a week. Early playing career At age 16, <mask> and his mother moved to Detroit, where he soon began playing with Willie Wells, who he had heard play for Fletcher Henderson, Fats Navarro, Tommy Flanagan, and Willie Anderson. He had received casual instruction from Wardell Gray and Billy Mitchell, and played with a group led by Little John Wilson as well. Through the employee discount from his job at Grinnell's, a music store in Detroit, <mask> purchased what would become his main instrument: the baritone saxophone. He initially purchased a used Bundy baritone saxophone, but later traded it in for a new Selmer 'Balanced Action' E-flat baritone in 1948, which he used until 1978.This switch proved to be successful, as he was soon playing in Lucky Thompson's band. In Detroit, <mask> also met several jazz musicians who would become future performing partners, including trumpeter Donald Byrd. He attended Wayne State University. <mask> became interested in Wardell Gray's approach to the saxophone, later naming Gray and Harry Carney as his influences. He also spent time in a United States Army band, and briefly had a tour of duty in Korea. Upon returning from Korea, <mask> began playing at the Blue Bird Inn in Detroit where he played with Thad Jones under the leadership of Beans Richardson. When Jones left to play with Count Basie, <mask> then became the music director at the Blue Bird.In late 1954 <mask> left the Blue Bird to join Kenny Burrell's group at Klein's Show Bar, also in Detroit, where he would later become musical director following Burrell's departure. Following the recommendation of friend Oscar Pettiford, <mask> joined the Stan Kenton Orchestra in 1956, where he played for a majority of the year until leaving the group to form a new ensemble with Lee Katzman and Mel Lewis in Los Angeles. Before moving to California, <mask> also recorded with Kenny Clarke, Curtis Fuller, and Quincy Jones. In April 1957, <mask> joined Chet Baker's group, where he played for about a year. He later moved to New York City, where he performed on the album Baritones and French Horns with Cecil Payne (later re-issued as Dakar as by John Coltrane, who also played on the album), worked with Lee Morgan on The Cooker, and briefly worked with Benny Goodman's band in 1958. During this time, <mask> also began working with Charles Mingus, performing on one of Mingus's Atlantic albums of the period, Blues & Roots, which includes <mask>' extended solo on "Moanin'". Thereafter, he recorded with Mingus sporadically until the latter's death in 1979.<mask> formed a quintet with Donald Byrd in 1958 that lasted until 1961. Following the breakup of the Donald Byrd–Pepper Adams Quintet, <mask> Jones–Pepper Adams Quintet. During this phase, he performed with the likes of Teddy Charles, Pony Poindexter, Marcus Belgrave, Thelonious Monk, and Lionel Hampton. In September 1963, <mask> made an agreement with Motown Records for an exclusive recording contract and an exclusive management contract with International Talent Management, a Motown affiliate. Prior to signing with Motown, <mask> turned down an offer from Harry James to play in his Las Vegas-based band because it was extremely commercial and presented few opportunities to solo, despite its $10,000 annual salary. Partnership with Thad Jones He later became a founding member of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band, with whom he played from 1965 to 1976, and thereafter continued to record Jones's compositions on many of his own albums. <mask> also co-led a quintet with Donald Byrd from 1958 to 1962, with whom he recorded a live date, 10 to 4 at the 5 Spot (Riverside), featuring Elvin Jones, and a sequence of albums for Blue Note.During this time he also played with the Sal Salvador Big Band at the Diamond Beach Club in Wildwood, New Jersey, in August 1965, along with Teddy Charles in early 1966, and Ella Fitzgerald in 1967. Most of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band performances took place at the Village Vanguard in New York City, along with many colleges and other locations around the United States, Europe, and Asia. The 18-year period spent with Thad Jones was filled with almost constant touring when the band was not playing their steady gig at the Village Vanguard. One of the ensemble's most frequent performing locations outside the United States was the Montmartre in Copenhagen, Denmark. Solo career <mask>' solo career began in 1977 in California, where he initially stayed with John and Ron Marabuto. He soon played gigs with Mingus, Baker, and Hampton, with whom he went on a two-month European tour in 1978. On March 18, 1978, <mask> purchased a new Selmer baritone saxophone that served as his interim back-up instrument for his original saxophone that he had been using since 1948.In 1979, <mask> played several gigs with Per Husby across Norway. On June 5, 1980, the Berg Larsen mouthpiece <mask> had been using for 32 years finally broke, which led him to replace it with a Dukoff D-5 mouthpiece and a Bari plastic reed. The following day <mask> premiered his new set-up at One Step Down in Washington, D.C. <mask> began composing "Urban Dreams" on July 29, 1980, on a flight to London for a short European tour. <mask> finally replaced his original Selmer E-flat 'Balanced Action' baritone saxophone in December 1980 after 31 years of use. In 1981, <mask> performed with Rein de Graaff's trio, Per Husby's trio, and the Franco D'Andrea trio for three short European tours. When in New York City, <mask> performed at Fat Tuesday's several times during this period of his career, one of which, Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session, earned him a Grammy nomination in 1984 for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance as a Soloist. In later years, <mask> toured England and continental Europe several times, performing there with local rhythm sections, and he performed with a Count Basie tribute band at the Grande Parade du Jazz in Nice.Leg injury and end of career <mask>' life was severely altered by the leg injury he sustained in December 1983, which was caused by his car's parking brake becoming disengaged on his slanted driveway. This led the car to pin <mask> up against his garage door, crushing his leg and restricting him to bed rest for the following five months. Despite the long recovery from his injury, <mask> began playing again and exhibited his love for performing in October 1984 by flying from New York City all the way to Singapore for a one-night gig, then returning two days later. He eventually regained the strength in his leg to move without the use of a wheelchair or cane in January 1985, after more than a year of recovery. <mask> was a chain smoker for most of his life. While in Sweden in March 1985, he visited a chest specialist at the suggestion of a friend, Gunnar Windahl, and was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was hospitalized for testing later that month in New York, then was forced to take a break from performing or traveling for two months that summer in order to undergo radiation treatments.A benefit concert was held for <mask> on September 29, 1985, in New York City that featured Dizzy Gillespie, Frank Foster, Kenny Burrell, Tommy Flanagan, and the Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra, among others. Despite his various health issues, <mask> continued pushing himself professionally, which was exemplified by his stretch in Dublin, Ireland, April 4–6, 1986, when he played five gigs over three days with five different bands. <mask> was diagnosed with pleurisy in April 1986 and died of lung cancer in Brooklyn, New York, on September 10, 1986. His final performance took place on July 2, 1986, at the Spectrum in Montreal as part of the Montreal Jazz Festival. Before counting off the first song, he received a standing ovation from the crowd. Style <mask> was in many ways the antithesis of near-contemporary baritone players Gerry Mulligan and Serge Chaloff, who favored melodic cool jazz. In contrast, <mask> managed to bring the cumbersome baritone into the blisteringly fast speeds of hard bop.Gary Carner, <mask>'s biographer, described his style as having "very long, tumbling, double-time melodic lines. And that raw, piercing, bark-like timbre." <mask> "succeeded in elevating [the baritone saxophone] to the level of all other solo instruments [with] blinding speed, penetrating timbre, distinctive sound, harmonic ingenuity, precise articulation, confident time-feel, and use of melodic paraphrase". Throughout his career, <mask> consistently chose musical expression over large paychecks, as "[he] repeatedly recalled with great satisfaction his decision to play [in groups focused on musical expression] rather than to change his style to secure better paying jobs with now little-known white musicians". A large part of <mask>' appeal was that "[he] had the remarkable ability to blow low with enormous power and swing, becoming a hefty addition to big band reed sections. He also was an equally dominant voice in small groups, adding ferocious excitement and stamina". Despite his prowess at hard bop, <mask> was also adept at ballads and slower numbers.An example is his contribution to the album Chet (1958) including a solo on the bittersweet "Alone Together" that critic Dave Nathan described as "one of the album's high points". Awards and honors He won DownBeats New Star award in 1957 and was named baritone soloist of the year for 1980. <mask> was nominated three times for a Grammy Award, including nominations for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance as a Soloist for Reflectory in 1979 and Best Jazz Soloist for The Master.... In the 1975 Playboy magazine annual music poll, he was named an All Star's All-Star. In 1967 <mask> received the Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition award from DownBeat. From 1979 to 1982, <mask> won the award for best baritone saxophonist from DownBeats International Jazz Critics' Poll on four consecutive occasions, something <mask> attributed to his frequent touring of Europe throughout his career. In December 1982, <mask> won the DownBeat Readers' Poll award for the best baritone saxophonist in the world, unseating Gerry Mulligan, who had held that distinction since 1953.Discography As leader/co-leader Baritones and French Horns (Prestige, 16rpm LP issue, 1957) with the Prestige All Stars; conventional LP release of session led by <mask> as Dakar under John Coltrane's name Pepper Adams Quintet (Mode, 1957) Critics' Choice (Pacific Jazz, 1957) The Cool Sound of <mask> (Regent/Savoy, 1957) The <mask>nepper Quintet (MetroJazz, 1958) with Jimmy Knepper 10 to 4 at the 5 Spot (Riverside, 1958) Motor City Scene (Bethlehem, 1960) with Donald Byrd Out of This World (Warwick, 1961) with Donald Byrd <mask> Plays the Compositions of Charlie Mingus (Workshop Jazz, 1963) Mean What You Say (Milestone, 1966) with Thad Jones Encounter! (Prestige, 1968) Ephemera (Spotlite, 1973) Julian (Enja, 1975) Twelfth & Pingree (Enja, 1975) Baritone Madness (Bee Hive, 1977) with Nick Brignola Reflectory (Muse, 1978) Be-Bop? (Prestige, 1967) Bull's Eye! (Blue Note, 1967) With The Mitchells: Red Mitchell, Whitey Mitchell, Blue Mitchell and André Previn Get Those Elephants Out'a Here (MetroJazz, 1958) With Hank Mobley Poppin' (Blue Note, 1957) With Thelonious Monk The Thelonious Monk Orchestra at Town Hall (Riverside, 1959) With Lee Morgan The Cooker (Blue Note, 1957) Standards (Blue Note, 1967) With Oliver Nelson More Blues and the Abstract Truth (Impulse!, 1964) With Duke Pearson Dedication! (Prestige, 1970, rec. 1961), issued as Minor Mishap (Black Lion, 1989) under Freddie Hubbard's name Honeybuns (Atlantic, 1965) Introducing Duke Pearson's Big Band (Blue Note, 1967) Now Hear This (Blue Note, 1968) With Houston Person Blue Odyssey (Prestige, 1968) With Pony Poindexter Pony's Express (Epic, 1962) With Shorty Rogers Shorty Rogers Plays Richard Rodgers (RCA Victor, 1957) Portrait of Shorty (RCA Victor, 1957) With A. K. Salim Pretty for the People (Savoy, 1957) With Lalo Schifrin Black Widow (CTI, 1976) With Ben Sidran Too Hot to Touch (Windham Hill Records, 1988) With Dakota Staton I Want a Country Man (Groove Merchant, 1973) With Idrees Sulieman Roots (New Jazz, 1957) with the Prestige All Stars With Toots Thielemans Man Bites Harmonica! (Riverside, 1957) With Mickey Tucker Mister Mysterious (Muse, 1978) With Stanley Turrentine The Spoiler (Blue Note, 1966) With Jimmy Witherspoon Blues for Easy Livers (Prestige, 1965) With Joe Zawinul Money in the Pocket (Atlantic, 1967) Live recordings released posthumously Live in Europe (Marge (F), 1977) with the Georges Arvanitas Trio Pepper Adams Live (aka Live Jazz by the Sea) (1977), live in California California Cookin' (1983), live in California References 1930 births 1986 deaths Hard bop saxophonists Mainstream jazz saxophonists Jazz baritone saxophonists American jazz baritone saxophonists Musicians from Detroit Savoy Records artists Enja Records artists Muse Records artists Palo Alto Records artists Deaths from lung cancer Deaths from cancer in New York (state) Riverside Records artists 20th-century American musicians 20th-century saxophonists American male saxophonists Jazz musicians from Michigan 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra members Reservoir Records artists Uptown Records (jazz) artists

Park Frederick "<mask><mask> Big Band. <mask> was born in Highland Park, Michigan, to <mask> II and his mother. Both of his parents attended the University of Michigan. <mask>' parents separated during the Great Depression to allow his father to find work. In the fall of 1931, <mask> and his mother moved to a farm near Columbia City, Indiana, where food and support were more readily available.<mask> began playing the piano in 1933. The family moved to Rochester, New York, in 1935, where his father began to play the saxophone and clarinet. <mask> began listening to Fats Waller's daily radio show two years later. He was influenced at a young age by listening to big band radio broadcasts. <mask> described his time up until the age of eight as being just traveling from one place to another. <mask> sold cigarettes and candy door-to-door in order to raise money for his family. <mask>' interest in performing grew in 6th grade when the public school system offered a musical instrument to any student who was interested, and further musical instruction if he could get into the school band.<mask> played the clarinet in the school band, but initially chose the trumpet, trombone, and tuba. <mask> became known as "<mask>" due to his association with the Rochester Red Wings, a minor league baseball team. The nickname stuck because <mask>' classmates saw a resemblance to him. The nickname "the Knife" was given to <mask> later in his career for his "slashing and chopping technique". <mask> missed school for a week in 1943 to see Ellington play. He was introduced to the band by Rex Stewart. <mask> was able to take lessons from Skippy Williams, who was a member of the band.<mask> used to work as a box cutter in the mail order room of a jazz store and was able to afford the saxophone due to his two jobs. His job at the jazz store allowed him to listen to all of the newest available jazz records, and he had an interest in the music of Don Byas. <mask>' first steady gig came in 1946 with a six-piece group led by Ben Smith, which caused him to drop out of school in the 11th grade due to working six nights a week. When he was 16, <mask> and his mother moved to Detroit, where he began playing with Willie Wells. He was taught by Wardell Gray and Billy Mitchell as well as a group led by Little John Wilson. <mask> used the employee discount from his job at the music store in Detroit to purchase his main instrument: the saxophone. He traded in his used saxophone for a new Selmer 'Balanced Action' E-flat baritone in 1948, which he used until 1978.He was soon playing in Lucky Thompson's band, as a result of this switch. In Detroit, <mask> met several jazz musicians who would become future performing partners. He was a student at Wayne State University. Wardell Gray's approach to the saxophone was one of the things that <mask> became interested in. He was in the United States Army and had a tour of duty in Korea. <mask> played at the Blue Bird Inn in Detroit under the leadership of Beans Richardson after returning from Korea. <mask> became the music director at the Blue Bird when Jones left.<mask> joined Kenny Burrell's group at Klein's Show Bar in Detroit after he left the Blue Bird. After befriending Oscar Pettiford, <mask> joined the Stan Kenton Orchestra where he played for a majority of the year until leaving the group to form a new ensemble with Lee Katzman and Mel Lewis in Los Angeles. <mask> recorded with many people before moving to California. <mask> joined the group in 1957 and played for a year. After moving to New York City, he performed on the album Baritones and French Horns with Cecil Payne and worked with Lee Morgan on The Cooker. One of the Atlantic albums of the period, Blues & Roots, includes <mask>' extended solo on "Moanin'". He recorded with Mingus intermittently until his death in 1979.Donald Byrd and <mask> formed a quintet that lasted until 1961. <mask> Jones–<mask> Adams Quintet. Teddy Charles, Pony Poindexter, Marcus Belgrave, Thelonious Monk, and Lionel Hampton were some of the people he performed with. In September 1963, <mask> signed an exclusive recording contract with Motown Records and an exclusive management contract with International Talent Management. <mask> turned down an offer from Harry James to play in his Las Vegas-based band because it was extremely commercial and presented few opportunities to solo, despite its $10,000 annual salary. He was a founding member of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band and continued to record Jones's compositions on many of his own albums. <mask> recorded a live date, 10 to 4 at the 5 Spot, with Elvin Jones, and a sequence of albums for Blue Note.In 1965, he was a member of the Sal Salvador Big Band at the Diamond Beach Club in New Jersey, along with Teddy Charles andElla Fitzgerald. Most of the Big Band performances took place in New York City, along with many other locations around the United States, Europe, and Asia. When the band wasn't playing their regular gig at the Village Vanguard, it was filled with almost constant touring. The Montmartre was one of the most frequently performed locations outside the United States. <mask>' solo career began in 1977 in California, where he initially stayed with John and Ron Marabuto. He went on a two-month European tour in 1978. <mask> had been using his original saxophone since 1948, but on March 18, 1978, he purchased a new Selmer baritone saxophone that was his interim back-up.<mask> played a lot with Per Husby. On June 5, 1980, <mask> had to replace his Berg Larsen mouthpiece, which had been in use for 32 years, with a Dukoff D-5 and a Bari plastic reed. On July 29, 1980, <mask> began writing "Urban Dreams" on a flight to London for a short European tour. <mask> replaced his Selmer E-flat 'Balanced Action' baritone saxophone in December 1980 after 31 years of use. <mask> was a part of the trio that performed for three short European tours. Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session earned <mask> a gramophone nomination in 1984 for best jazz instrumental performance as a soloist. <mask> performed with a Count Basie tribute band at the Grande Parade du Jazz in Nice and toured England and continental Europe with local rhythm sections.<mask> had a leg injury in December 1983 that was caused by his car's parking brake becoming disengaged on his slanted driveway. <mask> was forced to bed rest for five months after the car pinned him up against his garage door. In October 1984 <mask> flew from New York City to Singapore for a one-night gig, then returned two days later. After more than a year of recovery, he regained the strength in his leg to walk without a wheelchair or cane. <mask> was a smoker for most of his life. He was diagnosed with lung cancer after visiting a chest specialist in Sweden at the suggestion of a friend. After being hospitalized for testing in New York, he was forced to take a break from performing or traveling for two months in order to receive radiation treatments.The benefit concert for <mask> was held in New York City in 1985 and featured a number of famous people. Despite his various health issues, <mask> continued pushing himself, which was exemplified by his stretch in Dublin, Ireland, April 4–6, 1986, when he played five gig over three days with five different bands. <mask> died of lung cancer in Brooklyn, New York, on September 10, 1986. On July 2, 1986, he performed at the Spectrum in Montreal as part of the Montreal Jazz Festival. The crowd gave him a standing ovation before he counted off the first song. In many ways, <mask> <mask> was a different kind of player than those who played melodic cool jazz. The cumbersome baritone was brought into the fast speeds of hard bop by <mask>.Gary Carner described <mask>'s style as having long, tumbling, double-time melodic lines. There was a bark-like timbre. <mask> "succeeded in elevating the baritone saxophone to the level of all other solo instruments with blinding speed, penetrating timbre, distinctive sound, and use of melodic paraphrase". <mask> chose to play in groups focused on musical expression rather than change his style to secure better paying jobs with now little-known white musicians. <mask> had the ability to blow low with enormous power and swing, becoming a hefty addition to the big band reed sections. He was an equally dominant voice in small groups. <mask> was good at ballads and slower numbers.The solo on "Alone Together" that Dave Nathan described as "one of the album's high points" is an example. He won the DownBeats New Star award in 1957 and was named the baritone soloist of the year in 1980. <mask> was nominated three times for a gramophone, including for best jazz performance as a soloist for Reflectory and best jazz performance as a soloist for The Master. He was named an All Star's All-Star by Playboy in 1975. DownBeat gave <mask> the Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition award. <mask> won the award for best baritone saxophonist from the DownBeats International Jazz Critics' Poll four times in a row from 1979 to 1982. <mask> was named the best baritone saxophonist in the world by the DownBeat Readers' Poll in December 1982.As leader/co-leader Baritones and French Horns with the Prestige All Stars; a conventionalLP release of session led by <mask> as Dakar under John Coltrane's name. Twelfth & Pingree (Enja, 1975) and Baritone Madness (Bee Hive, 1977) are examples. Bull's Eye! The Mitchells: Red Mitchell, Whitey Mitchell, Blue Mitchell and André Previn Get Those Elephants Out'a Here. In 1970, rec. Freddie Hubbard's name was Minor Mishap (Black Lion, 1989) and it was issued as Now Hear This. Mister Mysterious, with Mickey Tucker and Stanley Turrentine, was released in 1978.

23772951

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%20Long-bin

Chen Long-bin

Chen Long-bin () is a Taiwanese contemporary sculptor. Biography Chen Long-bin was born in 1964 in Taipei, Taiwan. He received a BFA from the Fine Arts Department at Tunghai University, and an MFA from the School of Visual Arts in New York. He is known for using the cultural debris of our modern society, such as old, discarded books, newspapers, phonebooks, and magazines as the medium for his sculptures. Chen is self-taught in carving wood, but started showing interest in our paper culture as a viable material for art – phonebooks, magazines, and computer paper when PC’s began growing popular in 1993. The advent of the personal computer changed the entire nature of information documentation – a role books used to play. Thus, by turning paper into the original wood for his sculptures, Chen offers renewed value to the meaning of paper. He uses chainsaws, drills, band saws, sanders, and scissors, along with other carpenter's tools to shape his remarkable busts and figures, which appear stone, or even marble like from a distance. Chen who has won prizes in Europe, Taipei, and Japan, has exhibited extensively at galleries and museums for many years in Japan, Korea, France, (Germany), Hong Kong, Italy, London, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States, and can also be found in numerous international public and private collections. He has been awarded artist fellowship grants from Taiwan's National Endowment for the Arts, the Joan Mitchell Foundation in New York and the Freeman Foundation. In 1995, he received the Visitor's Prize of the Sixth Triennial of Small Scale Sculpture in Stuttgart, Germany. And in 1998, he received the Silver Prize at the Osaka Triennial in Japan. For Chen, using recycled materials to make art stresses the challenges presented by endless human consumption and waste, as well as the tantamount ecological problems of waste accumulation and disposal, the destruction of forests, and the mindless use of nonrenewable resources. The reams of used computer paper disprove the assurance of the electronic paper-less office, which instead augments the use of paper, as printing is made much easier. Furthermore, his choice of medium also poses as a commentary on the loss of books as aesthetic objects, which have been replaced by mass-produced cheaply made paperbacks. Books are extremely important to Chen. However, it is not the book itself, but its educational heritage, literary importance, historical knowledge, and the sacredness of the written word that he treasures most. The type of materials he acquires in a sense determines the sculpture he creates. While in New York, he scoured the streets of Manhattan collecting discarded refuse, scouted offices for their rejected reams of paper, visited brownstone streets to gather cast off telephone books when new ones were distributed. And now, living in Taipei, Chen obtains his material from university libraries and bookstores, publishing companies, archeological museums, and telephone companies. The special quality of Chen's works is that people can still read the pages. “I try to make sculptures that are appropriate for the content of the books. In my concept, the form and content is united together; the content gives me the idea of the form. Yellow Pages give me one kind of idea; books discarded from libraries inspire different styles…" Often, his art reflects the content of the pages within, such as one hanging installation featuring spirals of books with peepholes in which one can view a scene from the story within the original pages. Solo exhibitions • Continental Express, Frederieke Taylor Gallery, New York, 2008 • Chen Long-Bin: Reading Sculpture – Culture Warrior, Plum Blossoms Gallery, Hong Kong, 2006 • Buddha Hurricane, Frederieke Taylor Gallery, 2006 • Reading Sculpture-Los Angeles project, The Lowe Gallery, Santa Monica, CA, 2005 • Reading Sculpture-Kids project, Kidspace at MassMoca, North Adams, MA, 2004 • Reading Sculpture-Atlanta project, The Lowe Gallery, Atlanta, GA, 2004 • Reading Sculpture-Roma project, Galleria Ca'a d'Oro, Rome, Italy, 2004 • Reading Sculpture-Milan project, Galleria Ca'a d'Oro, Milan, Italy, 2004 • Reading Sculpture-Vermont project, Vermont Studio Center, VT, 2004 • Reading Sculpture, Frederieke Taylor Gallery, 2003 • Alternative Study, Eslite Bookstore, Taiwan, 1999 • Taiwan Study, Cultural Affairs Department of Taiwan Provincial Government, Taiwan, 1998 • Humanity, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, Taiwan, 1997 • Reading Sculpture, Eight Floor Gallery, New York, 1995 • Culture Empire, American Institute in Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994 • Tools, Space 2 Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan, 1992 Group exhibitions • Rebound, Halsey Gallery, College of Charleston, SC, 2013 • Transformation: From ordinary to extraordinary, various Museums across U.S.A and one in Israel, Curate By Barbara J. Bloemink, 2009 • Holland Paper Biennial, Museum Rijswijk, Holland, 2008 • CODA Museum, Apeldoorn, Holland, 2008 • Outside In: A New Focus on Taiwanese Art, Columbia University and TECO, Taipei Cultural Center, 2008 • Text Messaging, Islip Museum of Art, New York, 2008 • Second Lives: remixing the ordinary, Museum of Arts and Design, New York, 2008 • Pulp Function, Fuller Craft museum, Brockton, MA, U.S.A, 2007 • Thermocline of Art-New Asian Waves, Germany, 2007 • Dalai Lama Portrait Project, Dalai Lama Foundation, Travel Show – Morio Art Museum in Tokyo, Cartier Foundation in Paris and Museum in London, Taipei, Berlin, New York, LA, 2006 • Extreme Materials, Memorial Art Gallery, University of Rochester, New York, 2006 • Miami Art Fair, Frederieke Taylor Gallery, Florida, 2005 • Do a Book: Asian Artists Summer Project 2004, Plum Blossoms Gallery, New York, NY, 2004 • The Invisible Tread – Buddhist Spirit in Contemporary Art, Snug Harbor Cultural Center, New York, NY, 2003 • The Gravity of the Immaterial, Total Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul, 2002 • Absolut-2001 Los Angeles International, Biennial Art Invitational, Robert Berman Gallery, Santa Monica, CA, 2001 • New Minds – Artistic Creations in Motion, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, the International Artists’ Village, Planning Office, CCA, Executive Yuan, 2001 • The Gravity of the Immaterial, MoCA Taipei, Taipei, 2001 • Osaka Triennial 2001, the Contemporary Art Space Osaka (CASO), Osaka, 2001 • Landscape on the Shelf, American Cultural Center, Taipei, 2000 • Mondo Tiara, Sculpture to Wear Gallery, Santa Monica, U.S.A., 2000 • San Francisco Art Fair, Robert Berman Gallery, San Francisco, CA, 2000 • Volume & Form Singapore 1999, Singapore City, National Library, Singapore, 1999 • Play, Paper factory-International Paper Art Festival, Cheng Chuen Cotton Paper Foundation & Cultural Affairs Department Taiwan Provincial Government, Taiwan, 1999 • Vision of Pluralism – Contemporary Art in Taiwan, 1988–1999, China Art Museum, Beijing. Mountain Art Museum, Kaohsiung, 1999 • New Voice: Contemporary art Dialogue Among Taipei, Hong Kong, and Shanghai, National Taiwan Arts Education Institute, Taipei, Hong Kong Art Fair, Fubon Art Foundation, Taipei, 1998 • Reflection and Reconsideration 2.28 Commemorative Exhibition, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, 1998 • The Art Season of Taipei Rapid Train Station, National Art Institute, Taipei, 1998 • Osaka Trienniale 1998-Sculpture, Osaka Contemporary Art Center, Osaka Gateway to Wisdom, Fubon Art Foundation, Taiwan University, Taipei, 1998 • Feast of Mind, Buffet of Art, Fubon Art Foundation, Taipei, 1997 • Our Deities, ISE Art Foundation, New York Personal Best, Chassie Post Gallery, Atlanta, Georgia, 1996 • A Dialogue of Contemporary Sculpture in Asia, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, 1995 • Object Orbit, Chinese-American Arts Council, New York, 1995 • obCkession, TZ'art & Co., New York, 1995 • Triennial der Kleinplastik 1995, Europe-Ostaien, Stuttgart, Germany, 1995 • America vs China, Window Dressing, TZ'art & Co., New York, 1995 • New York Area MFA Exhibition, Hunter College, Co-Sponsored by CAA, New York, 1994 • The Entering Show of Taipei Fine Arts Museum Biannual, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994 • Ross Chambers, Long-Bin Chen and John Lavin, SVA Gallery, New York, 1994 • Taiwan Map, Window Dressing, Dimension Art Center, Taipei, 1994 • Curious Structures, Visual Art Gallery, New York, 1993 • Play, Work, Think, Visual Art Gallery, New York, 1993 • Time Duration, Dimension Art Center, Taipei, Taiwan, 1992 • Selling Specialty, Go Go Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan, 1992 • Can Art Be Heritable? Space 2 Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan, 1992 • The 5th International Print Biennial of Taiwan, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, 1991 • Vernacular, Space 2 Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan, 1991 • Shih Hsing New Artist, Shih Hsing Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan, 1987 Awards • Freeman Foundation Fellowship, 2003 • Grant of the Nation Endowment for Arts, Taiwan, 2001 • 1998 Grant of the Nation Endowment for Arts, Taiwan, 1998 • The Silver Prize of Osaka Triennial 1998 (sculpture), Osaka, Japan, 1998 • 1997 Grant of the Nation Endowment for Arts, Taiwan, 1997 • 1996 Grant Award of the Joan Mitchell Foundation, New York, 1996 • Visitors Price of the 6 Triennial of Small Scale Sculpture, Stuttgart, Germany, 1995 • Tung-Hai University Fine Arts Prize, Taiwan, 1988 • 12th Shih Hsing New Artist Prize, Taipei, Taiwan, 1987 • National Print Prize, Taiwan, 1985 Professional Activities • Sacatar Residency artist, Brazil, 2006 • MassMOCA Residency artist, 2005 • Vermont Studio Center Residency artist, U.S.A., 2004 • Snug Harbor Cultural Center Residency artist, U.S.A., 2003 • 18th Street Art Complex Residency artist, U.S.A., 2000 • Lecturer of Shin-Jan University, Taipei, 1997 • Curator for Incertitude, a group show of Chinese and Taiwanese artist, Eight Floor Gallery, New York, 1996 • Curator for Under Naked, Group show of Chinese and Taiwanese artists, 465 Gallery, New York, 1994 • Program director for Space 2 Gallery, Taipei, 1991 Collections and Projects • West Collection, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 2004 • Taiwan National Museum, Taiwan, 1999 • Osaka Culture Bureau, Japan, 1998 • Allan Chasanoff, Private Collection, New York, 1995 • Suho Paper Museum, TaipeiLibenn Aroma Inc., South Ban, Indiana, U.S.A., 1994 • Hsiung Shih Fine Art Magazine, Taipei, 1986 References Patricia Eichebaum Karetzky"Longbin Chen: Content in Forms" Yishu, Winter 2004: 52–57 1964 births Taiwanese sculptors Living people Artists from Taipei

<mask> () is a Taiwanese contemporary sculptor. Biography <mask> was born in 1964 in Taipei, Taiwan. He received a BFA from the Fine Arts Department at Tunghai University, and an MFA from the School of Visual Arts in New York. He is known for using the cultural debris of our modern society, such as old, discarded books, newspapers, phonebooks, and magazines as the medium for his sculptures. <mask> is self-taught in carving wood, but started showing interest in our paper culture as a viable material for art – phonebooks, magazines, and computer paper when PC’s began growing popular in 1993. The advent of the personal computer changed the entire nature of information documentation – a role books used to play. Thus, by turning paper into the original wood for his sculptures, <mask> offers renewed value to the meaning of paper.He uses chainsaws, drills, band saws, sanders, and scissors, along with other carpenter's tools to shape his remarkable busts and figures, which appear stone, or even marble like from a distance. <mask> who has won prizes in Europe, Taipei, and Japan, has exhibited extensively at galleries and museums for many years in Japan, Korea, France, (Germany), Hong Kong, Italy, London, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States, and can also be found in numerous international public and private collections. He has been awarded artist fellowship grants from Taiwan's National Endowment for the Arts, the Joan Mitchell Foundation in New York and the Freeman Foundation. In 1995, he received the Visitor's Prize of the Sixth Triennial of Small Scale Sculpture in Stuttgart, Germany. And in 1998, he received the Silver Prize at the Osaka Triennial in Japan. For <mask>, using recycled materials to make art stresses the challenges presented by endless human consumption and waste, as well as the tantamount ecological problems of waste accumulation and disposal, the destruction of forests, and the mindless use of nonrenewable resources. The reams of used computer paper disprove the assurance of the electronic paper-less office, which instead augments the use of paper, as printing is made much easier.Furthermore, his choice of medium also poses as a commentary on the loss of books as aesthetic objects, which have been replaced by mass-produced cheaply made paperbacks. Books are extremely important to <mask>. However, it is not the book itself, but its educational heritage, literary importance, historical knowledge, and the sacredness of the written word that he treasures most. The type of materials he acquires in a sense determines the sculpture he creates. While in New York, he scoured the streets of Manhattan collecting discarded refuse, scouted offices for their rejected reams of paper, visited brownstone streets to gather cast off telephone books when new ones were distributed. And now, living in Taipei, <mask> obtains his material from university libraries and bookstores, publishing companies, archeological museums, and telephone companies. The special quality of <mask>'s works is that people can still read the pages.“I try to make sculptures that are appropriate for the content of the books. In my concept, the form and content is united together; the content gives me the idea of the form. Yellow Pages give me one kind of idea; books discarded from libraries inspire different styles…" Often, his art reflects the content of the pages within, such as one hanging installation featuring spirals of books with peepholes in which one can view a scene from the story within the original pages.

<mask> is a Taiwanese contemporary sculptor. <mask> was born in 1964. He received a degree from the Fine Arts Department at Tunghai University. He uses the cultural debris of our modern society, such as old, discarded books, newspapers, phonebooks, and magazines, as the medium for his sculptures. When PC's became popular in 1993, <mask> started showing interest in the paper culture as a viable material for art, even though he was self-taught in carving wood. The personal computer has changed the nature of information documentation. <mask> offers renewed value to the meaning of paper by turning paper into wood for his sculptures.He uses chainsaws, drills, band saws, sanders, and scissors, along with other carpenter's tools to shape his remarkable busts and figures, which appear stone, or even marble like from a distance. <mask> has exhibited in galleries and museums in Japan, Korea, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, London, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. He has received grants from Taiwan's National Endowment for the Arts and the Joan Mitchell Foundation. The Visitor's Prize of the Sixth Triennial of Small Scale Sculpture was awarded to him in 1995. He won the Silver Prize at the Osaka Triennial in 1998. For <mask>, using recycled materials to make art stresses the challenges presented by endless human consumption and waste, as well as the ecological problems of waste accumulation and disposal, the destruction of forests, and the mindless use of nonrenewable resources. The reams of used computer paper prove that electronic paper-less offices don't work as well as they could.The loss of books as aesthetic objects, which have been replaced by mass-produced cheaply made paperbacks, is a commentary on his choice of medium. Books are very important to <mask>. He treasures the educational heritage, literary importance, historical knowledge, and sacredness of the written word more than the book. The sculpture he creates is determined by the type of materials he acquires. He scoured the streets of Manhattan for refuse, went to brownstone streets to get cast off telephone books, and went to offices to get rejected reams of paper. <mask> gets his material from universities, bookstores, publishing companies, archeological museums, and telephone companies. People can still read the pages in <mask>'s works.I try to make sculptures that are appropriate for the books. The form and content are united by the idea of the form. His art reflects the content of the pages within, such as one hanging installation featuring spirals of books with peepholes in which one can view a scene from the story within the original pages.

965824

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister%20Souljah

Sister Souljah

Sister Souljah (born Lisa Williamson, January 28, 1964, Bronx, New York) is an American author, activist, musician, and film producer. She gained prominence for Bill Clinton's criticism of her remarks about race in the United States during the 1992 presidential campaign. Clinton's well-known repudiation of her comments led to what is now known in American politics as a Sister Souljah moment. Early life Sister Souljah was born in the Bronx, New York. She recounts in her memoir No Disrespect that she was born into poverty and raised on welfare for some years. At the age of 10, she moved with her family to the suburb of Englewood, New Jersey, a suburb with a strong African-American presence. Englewood is also home to other famous black artists such as George Benson, Eddie Murphy, and Regina Belle. There she attended Dwight Morrow High School. Souljah disliked what American students were being taught in school systems across the country. She felt that the school systems intentionally left out the African origins of civilization. In addition, she criticized the absence of a comprehensive curriculum of African-American history, which she felt that all students, black and white, needed to learn and understand in order to be properly educated. She felt that she was being taught very little of her history, since the junior high school and high school left out Black history, art, and culture. "I supplemented my education in the white American school system by reading African history, which was intentionally left out of the curriculum of American students," she commented. From 1978 to 1981 she attended Dwight Morrow High School, which had a relatively even distribution of black, Latino, and Jewish student enrollment and a majority-black administration during the time of her studies. She was a legislative intern in the House of Representatives. Souljah was also the recipient of several honors during her teenage years. She won the American Legion's Constitutional Oratory Contest, for which she received a scholarship to attend Cornell University's Advanced Summer Program. In her college years she traveled widely, visiting Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Finland, and Russia. Her education was reinforced with first-hand experiences as she worked in a medical center in Mtepa Tepa, a village located in Zimbabwe, and assisted refugee children from Mozambique. She also traveled to South Africa and Zambia. She graduated from Rutgers University with a dual major in American History and African Studies. She became a well-known and outspoken voice on campus and wrote for the school newspaper. One of her noted campus initiatives was spearheading a campaign to bring Jesse Jackson to Rutgers to speak against the university's controversial investments in apartheid South Africa at the time, when disinvestment from South Africa was a heated political issue. Sister Souljah was part of the Rutgers Coalition for Divestment, which successfully prompted the Rutgers University administration to divest US$3.6 million in its financial holding companies doing business in that country. Sister Souljah and students across the state of New Jersey also organized a successful campaign to get the state of New Jersey to divest more than US$1 billion of its financial holdings in apartheid-era South Africa. In 1985, during her senior year at Rutgers University, she was offered a job by Reverend Benjamin Chavis of the United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice. She spent the next three years developing, organizing, and financing programs such as African Survival Camp, a six-week summer sleepaway camp in Enfield, North Carolina. She also became the organizer of the National African Youth-Student Alliance and outspoken voice against racially motivated violence in cases such as the race murder at Howard Beach, the racially motivated murder of Yusuf Hawkins, and more. Career Recording artist Souljah appeared on several tracks as a featured guest with the hip-hop group Public Enemy, and she became a full member of the group when Professor Griff was forced to leave after making anti-Semitic remarks. In 1992, she released her only album, 360 Degrees of Power. Statement about riots Souljah became infamous for her statements about the 1992 Los Angeles riots. In an interview conducted May 13, 1992, she was quoted in The Washington Post as saying, "If black people kill black people every day, why not have a week and kill white people?" The quotation was later reproduced in the media, and she was widely criticized. Presidential candidate Bill Clinton publicly criticized that statement and Jesse Jackson for allowing her to be on his Rainbow Coalition. The incident resulted in the phrase "Sister Souljah moment" being coined to describe a politician's public repudiation of extremist views that are perceived to have some association with the politician's own faction or party. Author In 1994, Sister Souljah published a memoir titled No Disrespect. In 1999, she made her debut as a novelist with The Coldest Winter Ever. Souljah said that she was the pioneer for starting "a renaissance, or what Chuck D of Public Enemy would call a revolution, of reading." , Souljah was on the New York Times Bestseller List three times. The Coldest Winter Ever was widely acclaimed for making the second wave of the genre known as street literature more popular. About this, Souljah said: A sequel of the novel, Life After Death, was published in March 2021. Midnight: A Gangster Love Story, originally scheduled for October 14, 2008, was published on November 4, 2008. It tells the backstory of Midnight, a character first introduced in The Coldest Winter Ever. It entered The New York Times bestseller list at No. 7 its first week of publication. The sequel to Midnight, , was released on April 12, 2011. A third Midnight novel, A Moment of Silence, was published on November 10, 2015. , it had sold over 2 million copies. This novel follows the main character, Midnight, as he attempts to reclaim his innocence and his identity while in prison. Another spinoff, A Deeper Love Inside: The Porsche Santiaga Story, originally scheduled for October 23, 2012, was published January 29, 2013. All of Souljah's novels deal with universal themes of faith, love, and integrity. Most of her novels have become popular among the prison population, with her books being available in many prison libraries. Due to this, she has worked in tandem with Black and Nobel, a Web site that ships books, magazines, and DVDs to prisons nationwide. Her work has also been referenced multiple times in popular culture, including on the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black. She also contributes occasional pieces for Essence Magazine, and has written for The New Yorker. Community activist As a community activist, Souljah organized a number of service programs. In 1985, during her senior year at Rutgers University, she developed and financed the African Youth Survival Camp for children of homeless families, a six-week summer sleep-away camp in Enfield, North Carolina. This program ran for more than three years. She has been a motivating force behind a number of hip hop artists' efforts to give back to the community, organizing major youth events, programs, and summer camps with artists such as Lauryn Hill, Doug E. Fresh, and Sean "Diddy" Combs. Souljah was heavily involved with rallies against racial discrimination, police brutality, and the lack of proper education for urban and underrepresented youths. She went on to hold several concerts and protests in New York City, which were supported by many prominent voices in the hip hop community. Souljah was the executive director of Daddy's House Social Programs Inc. for seven years. It is a not-for-profit corporation for urban youth, financed by Sean "Diddy" Combs and Bad Boy Entertainment. Daddy's House educates and prepares youth, ages 10–16, to be in control of their academic, cultural, and financial lives. The students progressing through the program earn support to travel throughout the world. Personal life Sister Souljah is married to Mike Rich. They have a son named Mike Jr. Discography Bibliography No Disrespect (1995) The Coldest Winter Ever (1999) Midnight: A Gangster Love Story (2008) Midnight and the Meaning of Love (2011) A Deeper Love Inside: the Porsche Santiaga Story (2013) A Moment of Silence: Midnight III (2015) Life After Death (2021) References External links 1964 births American women rappers African-American women rappers American film producers American spoken word artists American women activists American women novelists Cornell University alumni Epic Records artists Hip hop activists Living people African-American songwriters Songwriters from New York (state) American memoirists Dwight Morrow High School alumni People from Englewood, New Jersey People from the Bronx Public Enemy (band) members Rutgers University alumni University of Salamanca alumni American women memoirists American women film producers 20th-century American novelists 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American novelists 21st-century American women musicians Race-related controversies in music African-American novelists

<mask> (born Lisa Williamson, January 28, 1964, Bronx, New York) is an American author, activist, musician, and film producer. She gained prominence for Bill Clinton's criticism of her remarks about race in the United States during the 1992 presidential campaign. Clinton's well-known repudiation of her comments led to what is now known in American politics as a <mask>jah moment. Early life <mask> was born in the Bronx, New York. She recounts in her memoir No Disrespect that she was born into poverty and raised on welfare for some years. At the age of 10, she moved with her family to the suburb of Englewood, New Jersey, a suburb with a strong African-American presence. Englewood is also home to other famous black artists such as George Benson, Eddie Murphy, and Regina Belle.There she attended Dwight Morrow High School. <mask> disliked what American students were being taught in school systems across the country. She felt that the school systems intentionally left out the African origins of civilization. In addition, she criticized the absence of a comprehensive curriculum of African-American history, which she felt that all students, black and white, needed to learn and understand in order to be properly educated. She felt that she was being taught very little of her history, since the junior high school and high school left out Black history, art, and culture. "I supplemented my education in the white American school system by reading African history, which was intentionally left out of the curriculum of American students," she commented. From 1978 to 1981 she attended Dwight Morrow High School, which had a relatively even distribution of black, Latino, and Jewish student enrollment and a majority-black administration during the time of her studies.She was a legislative intern in the House of Representatives. <mask> was also the recipient of several honors during her teenage years. She won the American Legion's Constitutional Oratory Contest, for which she received a scholarship to attend Cornell University's Advanced Summer Program. In her college years she traveled widely, visiting Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Finland, and Russia. Her education was reinforced with first-hand experiences as she worked in a medical center in Mtepa Tepa, a village located in Zimbabwe, and assisted refugee children from Mozambique. She also traveled to South Africa and Zambia. She graduated from Rutgers University with a dual major in American History and African Studies.She became a well-known and outspoken voice on campus and wrote for the school newspaper. One of her noted campus initiatives was spearheading a campaign to bring Jesse Jackson to Rutgers to speak against the university's controversial investments in apartheid South Africa at the time, when disinvestment from South Africa was a heated political issue. <mask> was part of the Rutgers Coalition for Divestment, which successfully prompted the Rutgers University administration to divest US$3.6 million in its financial holding companies doing business in that country. Sister <mask> and students across the state of New Jersey also organized a successful campaign to get the state of New Jersey to divest more than US$1 billion of its financial holdings in apartheid-era South Africa. In 1985, during her senior year at Rutgers University, she was offered a job by Reverend Benjamin Chavis of the United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice. She spent the next three years developing, organizing, and financing programs such as African Survival Camp, a six-week summer sleepaway camp in Enfield, North Carolina. She also became the organizer of the National African Youth-Student Alliance and outspoken voice against racially motivated violence in cases such as the race murder at Howard Beach, the racially motivated murder of Yusuf Hawkins, and more.Career Recording artist <mask> appeared on several tracks as a featured guest with the hip-hop group Public Enemy, and she became a full member of the group when Professor Griff was forced to leave after making anti-Semitic remarks. In 1992, she released her only album, 360 Degrees of Power. Statement about riots <mask> became infamous for her statements about the 1992 Los Angeles riots. In an interview conducted May 13, 1992, she was quoted in The Washington Post as saying, "If black people kill black people every day, why not have a week and kill white people?" The quotation was later reproduced in the media, and she was widely criticized. Presidential candidate Bill Clinton publicly criticized that statement and Jesse Jackson for allowing her to be on his Rainbow Coalition. The incident resulted in the phrase "Sister Souljah moment" being coined to describe a politician's public repudiation of extremist views that are perceived to have some association with the politician's own faction or party.Author In 1994, <mask> published a memoir titled No Disrespect. In 1999, she made her debut as a novelist with The Coldest Winter Ever. Souljah said that she was the pioneer for starting "a renaissance, or what Chuck D of Public Enemy would call a revolution, of reading." , Souljah was on the New York Times Bestseller List three times. The Coldest Winter Ever was widely acclaimed for making the second wave of the genre known as street literature more popular. About this, Souljah said: A sequel of the novel, Life After Death, was published in March 2021. Midnight: A Gangster Love Story, originally scheduled for October 14, 2008, was published on November 4, 2008.It tells the backstory of Midnight, a character first introduced in The Coldest Winter Ever. It entered The New York Times bestseller list at No. 7 its first week of publication. The sequel to Midnight, , was released on April 12, 2011. A third Midnight novel, A Moment of Silence, was published on November 10, 2015. , it had sold over 2 million copies. This novel follows the main character, Midnight, as he attempts to reclaim his innocence and his identity while in prison. Another spinoff, A Deeper Love Inside: The Porsche Santiaga Story, originally scheduled for October 23, 2012, was published January 29, 2013.All of Souljah's novels deal with universal themes of faith, love, and integrity. Most of her novels have become popular among the prison population, with her books being available in many prison libraries. Due to this, she has worked in tandem with Black and Nobel, a Web site that ships books, magazines, and DVDs to prisons nationwide. Her work has also been referenced multiple times in popular culture, including on the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black. She also contributes occasional pieces for Essence Magazine, and has written for The New Yorker. Community activist As a community activist, Souljah organized a number of service programs. In 1985, during her senior year at Rutgers University, she developed and financed the African Youth Survival Camp for children of homeless families, a six-week summer sleep-away camp in Enfield, North Carolina.This program ran for more than three years. She has been a motivating force behind a number of hip hop artists' efforts to give back to the community, organizing major youth events, programs, and summer camps with artists such as Lauryn Hill, Doug E. Fresh, and Sean "Diddy" Combs. Souljah was heavily involved with rallies against racial discrimination, police brutality, and the lack of proper education for urban and underrepresented youths. She went on to hold several concerts and protests in New York City, which were supported by many prominent voices in the hip hop community. Souljah was the executive director of Daddy's House Social Programs Inc. for seven years. It is a not-for-profit corporation for urban youth, financed by Sean "Diddy" Combs and Bad Boy Entertainment. Daddy's House educates and prepares youth, ages 10–16, to be in control of their academic, cultural, and financial lives.The students progressing through the program earn support to travel throughout the world. Personal life <mask> is married to Mike Rich. They have a son named Mike Jr. Discography Bibliography No Disrespect (1995) The Coldest Winter Ever (1999) Midnight: A Gangster Love Story (2008) Midnight and the Meaning of Love (2011) A Deeper Love Inside: the Porsche Santiaga Story (2013) A Moment of Silence: Midnight III (2015) Life After Death (2021) References External links 1964 births American women rappers African-American women rappers American film producers American spoken word artists American women activists American women novelists Cornell University alumni Epic Records artists Hip hop activists Living people African-American songwriters Songwriters from New York (state) American memoirists Dwight Morrow High School alumni People from Englewood, New Jersey People from the Bronx Public Enemy (band) members Rutgers University alumni University of Salamanca alumni American women memoirists American women film producers 20th-century American novelists 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American novelists 21st-century American women musicians Race-related controversies in music African-American novelists

<mask> was born in the Bronx, New York, on January 28, 1964, and is an American author, activist, musician, and film producer. Bill Clinton criticized her comments about race during the 1992 presidential campaign. Clinton's repudiation of her comments led to what is now known as a <mask>jah moment. <mask> was born in the Bronx. She recounts in her memoir that she was raised on welfare and was born into poverty. She moved with her family to a suburb with a strong African-American presence at the age of 10. George and Eddie Murphy are both famous black artists who live in Englewood.She attended a high school there. What American students were being taught in school systems across the country was disliked by Souljah. She thought the school systems left out the African origins of civilization. She felt that black and white students needed to learn and understand African-American history in order to be properly educated. She felt that the junior high and high school left out Black history, art, and culture, and that she was being taught very little of her history. She said that she supplemented her education in the white American school system by reading African history. She attended Dwight Morrow High School from 1978 to 1981 and it had a fairly even distribution of black, Latino, and Jewish students.She worked in the House of Representatives. She received several honors during her teenage years. She received a scholarship to attend Cornell University after winning the American Legion's Constitutional Oratory Contest. She traveled a lot in college, visiting Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Finland, and Russia. She had first-hand experiences when she worked in a medical center in Mtepa Tepa, a village located in Zimbabwe, where she assisted refugee children. She traveled to South Africa. She majored in American History and African Studies at Rutgers University.She wrote for the school newspaper and became a well-known and outspoken voice on campus. When disinvestment from South Africa was a heated political issue, she spearheaded a campaign to bring Jesse Jackson to Rutgers to speak against the university's controversial investments. The Rutgers University administration was forced to sell US$3.6 million in financial holding companies doing business in that country because <mask> was part of the Rutgers Coalition for Divestment. The campaign to get the state of New Jersey to sell its financial holdings in South Africa was organized by Sister <mask>. During her senior year at Rutgers University, she was offered a job by Reverend Benjamin Chavis of the United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice. She spent the next three years developing, organizing, and financing programs such as African Survival Camp, a six-week summer sleepaway camp in North Carolina. She became the leader of the National African Youth-Student Alliance and an outspoken voice against racially motivated violence in cases such as the race murder at Howard Beach.As a featured guest with the hip-hop group Public Enemy, Career Recording artist <mask> became a full member of the group when Professor Griff was forced to leave after making anti-Semitic remarks. She released her only album in 1992. She made a statement about the 1992 Los Angeles riots. She was quoted in The Washington Post as saying, "If black people kill black people every day, why not have a week and kill white people?" She was criticized after the quotation was reproduced in the media. Bill Clinton criticized that statement and Jesse Jackson allowed her to be on his coalition. The phrase "Sister Souljah moment" was created to describe a politician's public repudiation of extremist views that are perceived to have some association with the politician's own party.<mask> published a memoir in 1994. She wrote her first novel, The Coldest Winter Ever, in 1999. "I am the pioneer for starting a renaissance, or what Chuck D of Public Enemy would call a revolution, of reading," she said. The New York Times Bestseller List has Souljah on it three times. The second wave of the genre known as street literature was made more popular by The Coldest Winter Ever. The sequel to the novel, Life After Death, was published in March of 2021. The book was published on November 4, 2008.The character first appeared in The Coldest Winter Ever. It entered the New York Times best seller's list. It was the first week of publication. The sequel to Midnight was released in 2011. A Moment of Silence sold over 2 million copies. The main character, Midnight, is trying to regain his innocence while in prison in this novel. A Deeper Love Inside: ThePorsche Santiaga Story was published in January.Universal themes of faith, love, and integrity are dealt with in all of <mask>'s novels. Many of her books are available in prison libraries. She has worked with Black and Noble, a website that ships books, magazines, and DVDs to prisons nationwide. Her work has been used multiple times in popular culture, including on the series Orange Is the New Black. She has written for The New Yorker. A community activist, Souljah organized a number of service programs. During her senior year at Rutgers University, she developed and financed the African Youth Survival Camp for children of homeless families, a six-week summer sleep-away camp in North Carolina.The program ran for three years. She has been a motivating force behind a number of hip hop artists' efforts to give back to the community. There were many rallies against racial discrimination, police brutality, and the lack of proper education for urban and underrepresented youths. Several concerts and protests in New York City were supported by many prominent voices in the hip hop community. Daddy's House Social Programs Inc. had an executive director for seven years. Sean "Diddy" Combs and Bad Boy Entertainment financed the corporation. Daddy's House prepares youth to be in control of their academic, cultural, and financial lives.Students who progress through the program receive support to travel around the world. Sister <mask> is married to Mike Rich. They have a son named Mike Jr.

28204828

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Lawton

Larry Lawton

Lawrence Robert Lawton (born October 3, 1961) is an American ex-convict, author, paralegal, motivational speaker, and YouTuber. Lawton gained notoriety for committing a string of jewelry store robberies along the Atlantic Seaboard prior to his arrest in 1996. He spent 11 years in prison, and once released, began a career as a motivational speaker, life coach, and author. In 2007, he started the Reality Check Program to help educate at-risk youths on the consequences of breaking the law. He has acted as a spokesperson for prisoners and prisoner issues, and made appearances in the media as an expert on robberies. Early life Lawton was born in North Hempstead, New York on October 3, 1961. His first encounter with organized crime was through his father, a metal worker who delivered bribes to the New York mafia. In grades one through six, Lawton served as an altar boy at St. Francis de Chatal in The Bronx, where he was sexually abused by a Catholic priest. Lawton attended Intermediate IS 192 and Lehman High School, but did not graduate. In August 1979, he joined the Coast Guard and took part in the Mariel boatlift. In 1983, having earned his GED, he left the Coast Guard and began engaging in criminal activity, mostly loan sharking and bookmaking. Criminal career Lawton executed his first robbery when he was 28, an inside job to collect insurance money. He then began robbing jewelry stores along the Atlantic Coast, using his contacts within the Gambino crime family to fence the stolen merchandise. At one point, he purchased an Italian pizza restaurant in North Lauderdale, Florida, which he later burned down as part of an insurance fraud. He became known as one of America's biggest jewel thieves and made the FBI's most wanted list in 1996. Capture In May 1994, three males robbed a jewelry store in Daytona Beach, Florida, netting $500,000 (nearly $950,000 in 2022) worth of gold and diamonds. The robbers had dropped off jewelry for repairs, and later returned to rob the store. Then in October 1994, four individuals robbed a jewelry store in Palm Bay, Florida. The two store owners were bound while two individuals robbed the store and a third acted as a lookout and the other as the getaway driver. The robbers took $480,000 ($910,600.81 in 2022) worth of gold and diamonds making it the biggest robbery in the city's history. Local police believed there to have been a connection between this robbery and a robbery that took place in May 1994 in Daytona Beach, and contacted the FBI. In 1996, there was a robbery of a jeweler in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania. The robbers had been there the day before and returned asking about a ring. The robbers drew what police at the time believed were firearms, and restrained the store owner. The store owner managed to break free and grabbed a .38 caliber pistol and fired five shots at the robbers as they fled. One bullet narrowly missed Lawton, but struck his brother. Lawton later said that he used a BB gun during the robbery. Afterwards, another jewelry store in Lower Bucks County became suspicious of a person they believed was casing the place for a future robbery. They reported the car's license plate, which linked the car to Lawton. Lawton was arrested by the FBI on December 2, 1996, in Florida and charged with the Fairless Hills armed robbery. Fingerprint evidence connected Lawton to the October 1994 Palm Bay heist, and he was charged with that crime as well. Lawton is believed to have hit around 20 to 25 jewelry stores, stealing a self-estimated total of around $15–18 million worth of high-value items, including watches, diamonds, and other gems. Lawton later said he was the biggest jewel thief of the 1980s and 90s operating within the United States of America. Imprisonment Lawton was offered a three-year sentence in exchange for disclosing his accomplices but did not take the deal. He was sentenced for racketeering and robbery and spent 11 years in prison before being released in 2007. He received an additional sentence in 2002 for giving false witness. While in prison, Lawton earned a paralegal qualification and became a gang mediator. He was incarcerated in many prisons during his sentence, which included Jesup in Georgia, Riker's Island in New York, Edgefield in South Carolina, and Yazoo City in Mississippi. While recounting his prison experiences he said: "I saw inmates stabbed and friends die" and "I saw young men raped and pimped out as prostitutes for other inmates." Another time he said: "I had my arms pinned down, and I was beaten and peed on — by the guards. I was kicked. My ribs were broken. I was beaten once a month." While in prison in 2003, he was caught masturbating and sent to solitary confinement for 27 days as punishment. Lawton filed a lawsuit against the prison and staff alleging that they violated his rights. The suit was later dismissed. Lawton says he regrets his time spent in prison, because he missed out on seeing his children grow up; his grandmother died, and his father became afflicted with Alzheimer's disease while he was inside. Post-release Reality Check program After release he went to Palm Bay, Florida and started LL Research and Consulting and met a business partner. He also founded the Reality Check program which aims to show teens the consequences of a criminal life. The program is four hours long. Lawton does not hold a degree in child psychology or criminology. High school students can use the time spent in the program towards the 75 hours of community service required for the Bright Futures Scholarship Program. Law enforcement officials and judges have supported the program. In 2009, the Brevard County Sheriff's Office spent $4500 on 500 DVDs from the Reality Check program. The DVDs contained condensed versions of Lawton's program and were 67 minutes long. In 2009 the Rockledge Florida police used the DVDs as part of a community policing project with the money to buy the DVDs procured through asset forfeiture. By 2010, Lawton had shipped 10,000 DVDs across the country. In 2013, Lawton was made an honorary police officer by the Lake St. Louis, Missouri Police Department due to his work after prison. He was the first ex-con to ever become an honorary police officer. The Lake St. Louis police chief praised Larry's message about the consequences of going to prison and said it is not a scared straight program, noting that Lawton said "fear doesn't have a lasting impact." Lawton and the police chief later appeared before United States Congress in recognition of the program. However, the superintendent of student services at Brevard Public Schools declined to use the program, and questioned its effectiveness, claiming that "[w]hile the program is well-organized and well-intentioned, it does not follow the scientific evidence-based research guidelines." Lawton also founded the Reality Check Foundation, which is a 501(C)(3) charity that includes a mentoring program, and an annual golf outing. It also hosts an annual bowling tournament. Other Lawton is an advocate for prisoners and their rights, and comments on the justice system. In 2013, the Brevard County Jail re-introduced chain gangs as a pilot project with the goal of deterring crime. Lawton was critical of the move, saying that "[c]hain gangs send a bad message about [the US]." Instead he proposed a better use of law enforcement resources would be to "help inmates with drug addiction." He was critical of Brevard County stopping letters to inmates in 2013. He said that some of the recipients could be innocent. Other issues he is concerned with include prison conditions as well as post-release debt loads and their influence on unemployed ex-convicts. Lawton has also shown concern over the prevalence of fentanyl-laced heroin, noting that in the past dealers had tried to sell pure heroin without any additives. In 2017, he appeared in a middle school in Havelock, North Carolina to explain his prison experiences. His appearance was part of the Drug Abuse Resistance Education program. Lawton has made many media appearances. He has appeared on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, Christian Broadcasting Network, and Fox News. Often he appears discussing crimes in the media as an expert on robberies. In 2010, Lawton filmed the pilot and sizzle reel for Lawton's Law, a reality show based on his work with at-risk youth. He also hosted a local talk radio show. In 2012, Lawton self-published Gangster Redemption, an autobiography co-written with Peter Golenbock. The 367-page book covers his early life, his string of crimes, and his post-release career. In 2019, he made a video with Vanity Fair where he analyzed fictional robberies from films such as The Italian Job and Heat. Lawton has a YouTube channel, and he has made videos analyzing heists in movies and video games such as Grand Theft Auto V; he also plays Prison Architect. References Further reading External links Reality Check Program Official Website The Redeemed: Larry Lawton - A&E Former Jewel Thief Reviews Famous Heist Movies, From ‘Ocean’s Eleven’ to ‘Heat’ - Vanity Fair Posey Presents Reality Check Community Champion Award to Thomas Reed of Rockledge - Congressman Bill Posey 1961 births Living people 20th-century American criminals American autobiographers American crime writers American male criminals American prisoners and detainees American YouTubers Criminals from the Bronx Male YouTubers Military personnel from New York (state) People from North Hempstead, New York Prison reformers Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government United States Coast Guard enlisted

<mask> (born October 3, 1961) is an American ex-convict, author, paralegal, motivational speaker, and YouTuber. <mask> gained notoriety for committing a string of jewelry store robberies along the Atlantic Seaboard prior to his arrest in 1996. He spent 11 years in prison, and once released, began a career as a motivational speaker, life coach, and author. In 2007, he started the Reality Check Program to help educate at-risk youths on the consequences of breaking the law. He has acted as a spokesperson for prisoners and prisoner issues, and made appearances in the media as an expert on robberies. Early life <mask> was born in North Hempstead, New York on October 3, 1961. His first encounter with organized crime was through his father, a metal worker who delivered bribes to the New York mafia.In grades one through six, <mask> served as an altar boy at St. Francis de Chatal in The Bronx, where he was sexually abused by a Catholic priest. <mask> attended Intermediate IS 192 and Lehman High School, but did not graduate. In August 1979, he joined the Coast Guard and took part in the Mariel boatlift. In 1983, having earned his GED, he left the Coast Guard and began engaging in criminal activity, mostly loan sharking and bookmaking. Criminal career <mask> executed his first robbery when he was 28, an inside job to collect insurance money. He then began robbing jewelry stores along the Atlantic Coast, using his contacts within the Gambino crime family to fence the stolen merchandise. At one point, he purchased an Italian pizza restaurant in North Lauderdale, Florida, which he later burned down as part of an insurance fraud.He became known as one of America's biggest jewel thieves and made the FBI's most wanted list in 1996. Capture In May 1994, three males robbed a jewelry store in Daytona Beach, Florida, netting $500,000 (nearly $950,000 in 2022) worth of gold and diamonds. The robbers had dropped off jewelry for repairs, and later returned to rob the store. Then in October 1994, four individuals robbed a jewelry store in Palm Bay, Florida. The two store owners were bound while two individuals robbed the store and a third acted as a lookout and the other as the getaway driver. The robbers took $480,000 ($910,600.81 in 2022) worth of gold and diamonds making it the biggest robbery in the city's history. Local police believed there to have been a connection between this robbery and a robbery that took place in May 1994 in Daytona Beach, and contacted the FBI.In 1996, there was a robbery of a jeweler in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania. The robbers had been there the day before and returned asking about a ring. The robbers drew what police at the time believed were firearms, and restrained the store owner. The store owner managed to break free and grabbed a .38 caliber pistol and fired five shots at the robbers as they fled. One bullet narrowly missed <mask>, but struck his brother. <mask> later said that he used a BB gun during the robbery. Afterwards, another jewelry store in Lower Bucks County became suspicious of a person they believed was casing the place for a future robbery.They reported the car's license plate, which linked the car to <mask>. <mask> was arrested by the FBI on December 2, 1996, in Florida and charged with the Fairless Hills armed robbery. Fingerprint evidence connected <mask> to the October 1994 Palm Bay heist, and he was charged with that crime as well. <mask> is believed to have hit around 20 to 25 jewelry stores, stealing a self-estimated total of around $15–18 million worth of high-value items, including watches, diamonds, and other gems. <mask> later said he was the biggest jewel thief of the 1980s and 90s operating within the United States of America. Imprisonment <mask> was offered a three-year sentence in exchange for disclosing his accomplices but did not take the deal. He was sentenced for racketeering and robbery and spent 11 years in prison before being released in 2007.He received an additional sentence in 2002 for giving false witness. While in prison, <mask> earned a paralegal qualification and became a gang mediator. He was incarcerated in many prisons during his sentence, which included Jesup in Georgia, Riker's Island in New York, Edgefield in South Carolina, and Yazoo City in Mississippi. While recounting his prison experiences he said: "I saw inmates stabbed and friends die" and "I saw young men raped and pimped out as prostitutes for other inmates." Another time he said: "I had my arms pinned down, and I was beaten and peed on — by the guards. I was kicked. My ribs were broken.I was beaten once a month." While in prison in 2003, he was caught masturbating and sent to solitary confinement for 27 days as punishment. <mask> filed a lawsuit against the prison and staff alleging that they violated his rights. The suit was later dismissed. <mask> says he regrets his time spent in prison, because he missed out on seeing his children grow up; his grandmother died, and his father became afflicted with Alzheimer's disease while he was inside. Post-release Reality Check program After release he went to Palm Bay, Florida and started LL Research and Consulting and met a business partner. He also founded the Reality Check program which aims to show teens the consequences of a criminal life.The program is four hours long. <mask> does not hold a degree in child psychology or criminology. High school students can use the time spent in the program towards the 75 hours of community service required for the Bright Futures Scholarship Program. Law enforcement officials and judges have supported the program. In 2009, the Brevard County Sheriff's Office spent $4500 on 500 DVDs from the Reality Check program. The DVDs contained condensed versions of <mask>'s program and were 67 minutes long. In 2009 the Rockledge Florida police used the DVDs as part of a community policing project with the money to buy the DVDs procured through asset forfeiture.By 2010, <mask> had shipped 10,000 DVDs across the country. In 2013, <mask> was made an honorary police officer by the Lake St. Louis, Missouri Police Department due to his work after prison. He was the first ex-con to ever become an honorary police officer. The Lake St. Louis police chief praised <mask>'s message about the consequences of going to prison and said it is not a scared straight program, noting that <mask> said "fear doesn't have a lasting impact." <mask> and the police chief later appeared before United States Congress in recognition of the program. However, the superintendent of student services at Brevard Public Schools declined to use the program, and questioned its effectiveness, claiming that "[w]hile the program is well-organized and well-intentioned, it does not follow the scientific evidence-based research guidelines." <mask> also founded the Reality Check Foundation, which is a 501(C)(3) charity that includes a mentoring program, and an annual golf outing.It also hosts an annual bowling tournament. Other <mask> is an advocate for prisoners and their rights, and comments on the justice system. In 2013, the Brevard County Jail re-introduced chain gangs as a pilot project with the goal of deterring crime. <mask> was critical of the move, saying that "[c]hain gangs send a bad message about [the US]." Instead he proposed a better use of law enforcement resources would be to "help inmates with drug addiction." He was critical of Brevard County stopping letters to inmates in 2013. He said that some of the recipients could be innocent.Other issues he is concerned with include prison conditions as well as post-release debt loads and their influence on unemployed ex-convicts. <mask> has also shown concern over the prevalence of fentanyl-laced heroin, noting that in the past dealers had tried to sell pure heroin without any additives. In 2017, he appeared in a middle school in Havelock, North Carolina to explain his prison experiences. His appearance was part of the Drug Abuse Resistance Education program. <mask> has made many media appearances. He has appeared on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, Christian Broadcasting Network, and Fox News. Often he appears discussing crimes in the media as an expert on robberies.In 2010, <mask> filmed the pilot and sizzle reel for <mask>'s Law, a reality show based on his work with at-risk youth. He also hosted a local talk radio show. In 2012, <mask> self-published Gangster Redemption, an autobiography co-written with Peter Golenbock. The 367-page book covers his early life, his string of crimes, and his post-release career. In 2019, he made a video with Vanity Fair where he analyzed fictional robberies from films such as The Italian Job and Heat. <mask> has a YouTube channel, and he has made videos analyzing heists in movies and video games such as Grand Theft Auto V; he also plays Prison Architect. References Further reading External links Reality Check Program Official Website The Redeemed: <mask> - A&E Former Jewel Thief Reviews Famous Heist Movies, From ‘Ocean’s Eleven’ to ‘Heat’ - Vanity Fair Posey Presents Reality Check Community Champion Award to Thomas Reed of Rockledge - Congressman Bill Posey 1961 births Living people 20th-century American criminals American autobiographers American crime writers American male criminals American prisoners and detainees American YouTubers Criminals from the Bronx Male YouTubers Military personnel from New York (state) People from North Hempstead, New York Prison reformers Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government United States Coast Guard enlisted

<mask> was born on October 3, 1961, and is an American ex-convict. Prior to his arrest in 1996, <mask> committed a string of jewelry store robberies along the Atlantic Seaboard. After spending 11 years in prison, he began a career as a motivational speaker, life coach, and author. The Reality Check Program was started to educate at-risk youths on the consequences of breaking the law. He has acted as a spokesman for prisoners and made appearances in the media as an expert on robberies. On October 3, 1961, <mask> was born in New York. His father was a metal worker who bribed the New York mafia.He was sexually abused by a catholic priest when he was an altar boy. He did not graduate from Lehman High School. He joined the Coast Guard in August of 1979. After earning his GED, he left the Coast Guard and began loan sharking and bookmaking. When he was 28, <mask> executed his first robbery, which was an inside job. He began robbing jewelry stores on the Atlantic Coast using his contacts within the Gambino crime family. He bought an Italian pizza restaurant in North Lauderdale, Florida, but later burned it down as part of an insurance fraud.He made the FBI's most wanted list in 1996 after becoming known as one of America's biggest jewel thieves. In May 1994, three males robbed a jewelry store in Daytona Beach, Florida, taking $500,000 worth of gold and diamonds. The store was robbed after the jewelry was dropped off for repairs. Four people robbed a jewelry store in Florida in 1994. The two store owners were bound while two individuals robbed the store and a third acted as a lookout and the other as the getaway driver. It was the biggest robbery in the city's history, taking $480,000 worth of gold and diamonds. The FBI was contacted by local police who believed there was a connection between this robbery and a robbery that took place in Daytona Beach in 1994.The jewelry store in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania was robbed in 1996. The day before, the robbers had been there and inquired about a ring. At the time, police thought the store owner was holding a gun. The store owner used a.38 caliber pistol to shoot at the robbers as they fled. One bullet hit his brother. He said that he used a gun during the robbery. A jewelry store in Lower Bucks County became suspicious of a person they thought was planning a robbery.The car's license plate was reported by them. On December 2, 1996, the FBI arrested <mask> in Florida and charged him with the armed robbery of Fairless Hills. The October 1994 Palm Bay robbery was linked to him by fingerprints, and he was charged with that crime as well. Around 20 to 25 jewelry stores are believed to have been hit by <mask>, who is believed to have taken a total of around 15 to 18 million dollars worth of high-value items, including watches, diamonds, and other gems. He said he was the biggest jewel thief in the United States of America during the 1980s and 90s. Imprisonment <mask> was offered a three-year sentence but did not take it. He spent 11 years in prison for robbery and was released in 2007.He was sentenced for giving a false witness in 2002. While in prison, he became a gang mediator. He was held in a number of prisons during his sentence, including Yazoo City in Mississippi, Edgefield in South Carolina, and Riker's Island in New York. He said that he saw inmates stabbed and friends die and that he saw young men raped and pimped out as prostitutes for other inmates. He said that he was beaten and peed on by the guards when he had his arms pinned down. I was kicked. My ribs were broken.I was beaten once a month. He was sent to solitary confinement for 27 days for masturbating in prison. The lawsuit was filed against the prison and staff. The suit was dismissed. While in prison, he missed out on seeing his children grow up, his grandmother died, and his father was afflicted with Alzheimer's disease. He went to Palm Bay, Florida to start a business and met a business partner. The Reality Check program shows teens the consequences of a criminal life.Four hours is how long the program is. He doesn't have a degree in child psychology or criminology. The Bright Futures Scholarship Program requires 75 hours of community service from high school students. The program has been supported by law enforcement and judges. The Reality Check program cost the sheriff's office $4500 in 2009. The program on the DVDs was 67 minutes long. The DVDs were used by the Rockledge Florida police as part of a community policing project.Thousands of DVDs were shipped across the country by the year 2010. The Lake St. Louis, Missouri Police Department made him an officer due to his work after prison. He was the first ex-con to become a police officer. The Lake St. Louis police chief praised <mask>'s message about the consequences of going to prison and said it is not a scared straight program. The police chief appeared before Congress in recognition of the program. The program did not follow the scientific evidence-based research guidelines and was not used by the school district. The Reality Check Foundation is a charity with a mentoring program and an annual golf outing.An annual bowling tournament is hosted by it. An advocate for prisoners and their rights, <mask> makes comments on the justice system. The goal of the pilot project was to deter crime. He said that gangs send a bad message about the US. He proposed that law enforcement resources be used to help inmates with drug addiction. He was critical of the county that stopped letters to inmates. Some of the recipients could be innocent according to him.Prison conditions, post-release debt loads and their influence on unemployed ex-convicts are some of the issues he is concerned with. In the past, dealers had tried to sell pure heroin without any add-ons. He spoke at a middle school in North Carolina about his experiences in prison. The Drug Abuse Resistance Education program had his appearance. There have been many media appearances by Lawton. He has appeared on several shows, including The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He talks about crimes in the media as an expert on robberies.In 2010 he filmed the pilot and sizzle reel for a reality show based on his work with at-risk youth. He hosted a radio show. The autobiography co-written with Peter Golenbock was self-published by Lawton. His early life, his string of crimes, and his post-release career are covered in the book. He analyzed fictional robberies from films such as The Italian Job and Heat in a video for Vanity Fair. He has made videos analyzing heists in movies and video games, and he also plays a game called Prison Architect. The Reality Check Program Official Website has links to External links.

1465228

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Villeret

Jacques Villeret

Jacques Villeret (6 February 1951 – 28 January 2005) was a French actor, best known internationally for his role as François Pignon in the comedy Le Dîner de Cons. During his career, he earned many awards including the prestigious medal and title of Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. Life and career Villeret was born Jacky Boufroura in Loches, Indre-et-Loire, France, to an Algerian father and a French mother. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris (CNSAD) in the same class as Louis Seigner, the grandfather of Emmanuelle Seigner and Mathilde Seigner. While he was most famous for his role as François Pignon in Le Dîner de Cons; both on the stage and in the film, his other celebrated roles included the extra terrestrial in La soupe aux choux, the autistic Mo in L'été en pente douce, and marshal Ludwig von Apfelstrudel in Papy fait de la résistance. At the time of making the film Un aller simple directed by Laurent Heynemann – a film about integration and racism and the clash of generations – Villeret said that watching the young actors in the film, Barbara Schulz and Lorant Deutsch, reminded him of the insouciance he had had as a young man with his friends at the Conservatoire. When his career was at its height, with the success of Le Dîner de Cons, everything collapsed in a tragedy mirroring the plot of the film. Villeret separated from his wife and suffered an enormous financial downfall due to tax issues, plunging him into depression. Villeret turned to alcohol for comfort, and became an alcoholic. He isolated himself and hid away for long periods. He later said: Alcohol is a friend, but a friend who means you harm. Villeret's love of his profession helped to bring his career back from the brink. In an interview in 2001 he spoke of his admiration for performers like Johnny Hallyday and Jacques Brel for their level of commitment, and quoted the author Louis-Ferdinand Céline: When I write, I put my balls on the table. In 1979 Villeret married Irina Tarassov, an actress and writer. They separated in 1998. Tassarov wrote about their life together in her book Un jour, tout ira bien. (One day, everything will go well). In 2002 Villeret met Seny, a Senegalese-French widow descended through her grandfather, Mor Diarra N'Dao, from a long line of Sérès nobles of the ancient Kingdom of Saloum, and they fell instantly and deeply in love. They were partners for three years, and she was about to move to Paris to be with him when he died in Évreux in January 2005 of a liver haemorrhage. Seny wrote a memoir of their life together, Jacques Villeret, mon bébé blanc, which was published in Paris by Le Cherche Midi in 2005. Filmography {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Year !Title !Role !Director !Notes |- |1973 |R.A.S. |Soldier Girot |Yves Boisset | |- |rowspan=3|1974 |Un amour de pluie |Guillaume |Jean-Claude Brialy | |- |The Mouth Agape | |Maurice Pialat |Uncredited |- |And Now My Love |Spectator |Claude Lelouch | |- |rowspan=2|1975 |Serious as Pleasure |Policeman |Robert Benayoun | |- |The Common Man |Gérald |Yves Boisset | |- |rowspan=3|1976 |The Good and the Bad |Simon |Claude Lelouch | |- |If I Had to Do It All Over Again |Real Estate Broker |Claude Lelouch | |- |Les Naufragés de l'île de la Tortue |Bernard 'Petit Nono' Dupoirier |Jacques Rozier | |- |1977 |Another Man, Another Chance |Customer |Claude Lelouch | |- |rowspan=4|1978 |Robert et Robert |Robert Villiers |Claude Lelouch | |- |Mon premier amour |Jacques Labrousse |Elie Chouraqui | |- |Passe montagne |Georges |Jean-François Stévenin | |- |Un balcon en forêt''' |Soldier Gourcuff |Michel Mitrani | |- |rowspan=4|1979 |Confidences pour confidences|Job-Seeking Student |Pascal Thomas | |- |Us Two|Uncle Musique |Claude Lelouch | |- |Bête, mais discipliné|Jacques Cardot |Claude Zidi | |- |Rien ne va plus|Henri Fisserman / Paul Flantier / Bouli / Dr. Delomien / Jacques du Breuil / Robert Valier / Florence / Commissaire Blandin / Le patron de La Grenade / M. Fremelin |Jean-Michel Ribes | |- |rowspan=3|1981 |Malevil|Momo |Christian de Chalonge | |- |Les Uns et les Autres|Jacques |Claude Lelouch | |- |La Soupe aux choux|The Alien |Jean Girault | |- |1982 |The Big Brother|Inspector Coleau |Francis Girod | |- |rowspan=7|1983 |Danton|François Joseph Westermann |Andrzej Wajda | |- |Effraction|Valentin Tralande |Daniel Duval | |- |Édith et Marcel|Jacques Barbier |Claude Lelouch | |- |Circulez y'a rien à voir|Pelissier |Patrice Leconte | |- |First Name: Carmen|Man at the Petrol Station |Jean-Luc Godard | |- |Papy fait de la résistance|Ludwig Von Apfelstrudel |Jean-Marie Poiré | |- |Waiter!|Gilbert |Claude Sautet | |- |1984 |Les Morfalous|Béral |Henri Verneuil | |- |rowspan=3|1985 |Drôle de samedi|Maurice |Tunç Okan | |- |Hold-Up|Jérémie Planchet |Alexandre Arcady | |- |Les Folles Années du twist|Mr. John Wayne |Mahmoud Zemmouri | |- |rowspan=3|1986 |La galette du roi|Prince Utte of Danemark | | |- |Black Mic Mac|Michel Le Gorgues |Thomas Gilou | |- |Les Frères Petard|Momo |Herve Palud | |- |rowspan=2|1987 |L'été en pente douce|Maurice Leheurt, aka Mo |Gérard Krawczyk | |- |Keep Your Right Up|Man |Jean-Luc Godard | |- |rowspan=2|1988 |La petite amie|Guillaume Bertin |Luc Béraud | |- |Mangeclous|Salomon |Moshé Mizrahi | |- |1990 |Trois années|Alexandre Guillermen |Fabrice Cazeneuve | |- |rowspan=2|1991 |Les secrets professionnels du Dr Apfelglück|Martineau | | |- |The Favour, the Watch and the Very Big Fish|Charles, the lingerie expert |Ben Lewin | |- |rowspan=5|1992 |588, rue Paradis|Alexandre |Henri Verneuil | |- |Le bal des casse-pieds|Jérôme |Yves Robert | |- |Le fils du Mékong|Durieux |François Leterrier | |- |Le Batteur Du Boléro|Drummer |Patrice Leconte |Short |- |Mayrig|Alexandre |Henri Verneuil |2 episodes |- |1994 |Parano|Gas Station Attendant | |(episode "Nuit d'essence") |- |1996 |Golden Boy|Antoine Bonvoisin |Jean-Pierre Vergne | |- |rowspan=2|1998 |Le Dîner de Cons|François Pignon |Francis Veber | |- |Mookie|Brother Benoît |Hervé Palud | |- |1999 |The Children of the Marshland|Riton |Jean Becker | |- |2000 |Les Acteurs|Himself |Bertrand Blier | |- |rowspan=2|2001 |A Crime in Paradise|Jojo Braconnier |Jean Becker | |- |Un aller simple|Jean-Pierre |Laurent Heynemann | |- |rowspan=2|2003 |Strange Gardens|Jacques Pouzay |Jean Becker | |- |Le Furet|Le Furet |Jean-Pierre Mocky | |- |rowspan=2|2004 |Malabar Princess|Gaspard |Gilles Legrand | |- |Vipère au poing|Jacques Rézeau |Philippe de Broca | |- |rowspan=4|2005 |Iznogoud|Caliph Haroun El Poussah |Patrick Braoudé | |- |L'antidote|André Morin |Vincent de Brus | |- |Les âmes grises|Judge Mierck |Yves Angelo | |- |Les parrains|Lucien |Frédéric Forestier | |} Theatre 1990 : La Contrebasse 1993 : Le Dîner de cons 2000 : Jeffrey Bernard est souffrantAwards 1979 : César Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Robert et Robert 1999 : César Award for Best Actor for Le Dîner de cons 1999 : Lumières Award for Best Actor for Le Dîner de cons'' Chevalier des Arts et Lettres Légion d'honneur References External links Visit Jacques's grave in Perrusson near Loches, France 1951 births 2005 deaths People from Loches French people of Kabyle descent French male film actors French male stage actors French male television actors Alumni of the French National Academy of Dramatic Arts Best Supporting Actor César Award winners Best Actor César Award winners Best Actor Lumières Award winners Deaths from liver disease Deaths from bleeding

<mask> (6 February 1951 – 28 January 2005) was a French actor, best known internationally for his role as François Pignon in the comedy Le Dîner de Cons. During his career, he earned many awards including the prestigious medal and title of Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. Life and career <mask> was born Jacky Boufroura in Loches, Indre-et-Loire, France, to an Algerian father and a French mother. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris (CNSAD) in the same class as Louis Seigner, the grandfather of Emmanuelle Seigner and Mathilde Seigner. While he was most famous for his role as François Pignon in Le Dîner de Cons; both on the stage and in the film, his other celebrated roles included the extra terrestrial in La soupe aux choux, the autistic Mo in L'été en pente douce, and marshal Ludwig von Apfelstrudel in Papy fait de la résistance. At the time of making the film Un aller simple directed by Laurent Heynemann – a film about integration and racism and the clash of generations – <mask> said that watching the young actors in the film, Barbara Schulz and Lorant Deutsch, reminded him of the insouciance he had had as a young man with his friends at the Conservatoire. When his career was at its height, with the success of Le Dîner de Cons, everything collapsed in a tragedy mirroring the plot of the film.Villeret separated from his wife and suffered an enormous financial downfall due to tax issues, plunging him into depression. <mask> turned to alcohol for comfort, and became an alcoholic. He isolated himself and hid away for long periods. He later said: Alcohol is a friend, but a friend who means you harm. <mask>'s love of his profession helped to bring his career back from the brink. In an interview in 2001 he spoke of his admiration for performers like Johnny Hallyday and <mask> for their level of commitment, and quoted the author Louis-Ferdinand Céline: When I write, I put my balls on the table. In 1979 <mask> married Irina Tarassov, an actress and writer.They separated in 1998. Tassarov wrote about their life together in her book Un jour, tout ira bien. (One day, everything will go well). In 2002 <mask> met Seny, a Senegalese-French widow descended through her grandfather, Mor Diarra N'Dao, from a long line of Sérès nobles of the ancient Kingdom of Saloum, and they fell instantly and deeply in love. They were partners for three years, and she was about to move to Paris to be with him when he died in Évreux in January 2005 of a liver haemorrhage. Seny wrote a memoir of their life together, <mask>, mon bébé blanc, which was published in Paris by Le Cherche Midi in 2005. Filmography {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Year !Title !Role !Director !Notes |- |1973 |R.A.S.

<mask> was best known for his role as Franois Pignon in the comedy Le Dner de Cons. He earned many awards during his career, including the title of Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. Jacky Boufroura was born in Loches, Indre-et-Loire, France, to an Algerian father and a French mother. He studied at the same school as Louis Seigner, the grandfather of Mathilde Seigner. He was best known for his role as Franois Pignon in Le Dner de Cons, but he also played the extraterrestrial in La soupe aux choux. <mask> said that watching the young actors in the film reminded him of his insouciance. The success of Le Dner de Cons led to the collapse of his career.<mask> was separated from his wife and had a huge financial downfall due to tax issues. <mask> became an alcoholic after turning to alcohol for comfort. He hid away for a long time. He said that alcohol is a friend, but a friend who harms. <mask>'s love of his profession helped him get his career back on track. In an interview in 2001 he spoke of his admiration for performers like Johnny Hallyday and <mask>, and quoted the author Louis-Ferdinand Céline: When I write, I put my balls on the table. <mask> married an actress and writer.They separated in 1998. Tassarov wrote about their life in a book. Everything will go well one day. <mask> met Seny, a widow from a long line of Sérs nobles, and they fell in love. They were partners for three years and she was about to move to Paris to be with him when he died. Le Cherche Midi published Seny's memoir, <mask>, mon bébé blanc, in 2005. Filmography is sortable by class.

31298867

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Filreis

Al Filreis

Al Filreis (born 1956) is the Kelly Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania, Faculty Director of the Kelly Writers House, and Director of the Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing at the University of Pennsylvania. With Charles Bernstein, he founded PennSound in 2003; PennSound is a large archive of recordings of poets reading their own poetry. Filreis is also publisher of Jacket2 magazine and host of a monthly podcast series called "PoemTalk", a collaboration with the Poetry Foundation. Among his books are Stevens and the Actual World, Modernism from Right to Left, and Counter-revolution of the Word: The Conservative Attack on Modern Poetry, 1945-1960. Kelly Writers House In 1995, Filreis founded the Kelly Writers House, a non-profit, community organization dedicated to creative writing and the literary arts. The three-story cottage in the center of the University of Pennsylvania campus hosts a variety of programs and projects open to the public, including poetry readings, seminars, film screenings, lectures and art exhibits. Filreis also directs the Kelly Writers House Fellows Program, a program that brings different writers such as Edward Albee, Joan Didion and Art Spiegelman to the Writers House each year for interviews and readings that are broadcast live to a worldwide audience via webcast. Each year Filreis teaches a seminar in which students study the works of the visiting fellows. PennSound In 2003, Filreis and poet Charles Bernstein started PennSound, a website that serves as an archive of recordings of poets reading their own work. PennSound allows viewers of the site to listen to high quality MP3s of both individual poems and complete modern and historic readings from poets such as John Ashbery, Ezra Pound and Wallace Stevens. PennSound further aims to preserve recordings that could otherwise be at risk for deterioration if not converted from older recorded media. Teaching style In the late 1990s, Filreis became known as an experimenter in online learning. As a 2001 article in the Philadelphia Inquirer’s Sunday Magazine describes, students in Filreis’s classes prepare for discussions by using listservs and online social media to respond to videos, reading materials, and even cartoons compiled on websites Filreis creates for his classes. Filreis, who believes that real learning occurs through guided discussion and not through lectures, “uses technology to free class time for discussion.” Since the early days of the internet Filreis has also managed three thematic websites: on modern American poetry, on representations of the Holocaust, and on the cultural cold war of the 1950s. The sites provide links to reference material, academic criticism, and primary sources related to each site’s respective subject matter. Bibliography Books Counter-revolution of the Word: The Conservative Attack on Modern Poetry, 1945-60 (University of North Carolina Press, 2008). Modernism from Right to Left: Wallace Stevens, the Thirties, & Literary Radicalism (Cambridge University Press, July 1994) Wallace Stevens and the Actual World (Princeton University Press, 1991) Tucker's People, by Ira Wolfert (first pub. 1943), University of Illinois series, The Radical Novel in the U.S. Reconsidered (1997). (The novel was republished as The Underworld in 1950.) Secretaries of the Moon: The Letters of Wallace Stevens and Jose Rodriguez Feo, with Beverly Coyle (Durham: Duke University Press, 1986) Articles "The President of This Sentence: Bob Perelman's History" Jacket 39 (2010), special issue ed. Kristen Gallagher "Modernist Pedagogy at the End of the Lecture," in Teaching Modernist Poetry, eds. Nicky Marsh & Peter Middleton (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). "Stevens Regarding the Pain of Others," in "Selecting Three Poems by Wallace Stevens: A Roundtable Discussion" (with George Lensing, J. Donald Blount, Jacqueline Vaught Brogan, Stephen Burt & Eleanor Cook), Wallace Stevens Journal, Fall 2009, pp. 252–57 "Descriptions without Places" (foreword), in Visiting Wallace: Poems Inspired by the Life and Work of Wallace Stevens, eds. Dennis Barone and James Finnegan (Iowa City, IA: Iowa University Press, 2009) "The Stevens Wars," boundary 2 36, 3 (Fall 2009), American Poetry after 1975, Duke University Press, 978-0-8223-6719-2, 225 pages. Ed. Charles Bernstein. "Believing in the World Because It Is Impossible" [on George Oppen], Jacket 36 (late fall 2008) "Sounds at an Impasse," Wallace Stevens Journal, special sound issue edited by Natalie Gerber, Spring 2009, pp. 16–23. [PDF; Scholarly Commons link] "Om PennSound" (or "Audio Archiving"), Audiatur Poetry Festival Magazine, ed. Paal Bjelke Andersen, September 2007, Bergen (translated into Norwegian). "Modern Poetry and Anticommunism," in A Concise Companion to Twentieth-Century American Poetry, ed. Stephen Fredman (Blackwell, 2005), pp. 173–90. [PDF | Selected Works] "What's Historical about Historicism," Wallace Stevens Journal (Fall 2004). "Stevens and Communism," Cambridge Companion to the Poetry of Wallace Stevens, ed. John Serio (Cambridge University Press, 2007). "Kinetic Is as Kinetic Does: On the Institutionalization of Digital Poetry," in New Media Poetics: Contexts, Technotexts, and Theories, ed. Adelaide Morris and Thomas Swiss (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), pp. 123–140. "Tests of Poetry," American Literary History 15, 1 (Spring 2003), pp. 27–35, "A Cambridge Literary History of the US Forum: Poetry." "Stevens/Pound in the Cold War," Wallace Stevens Journal 26, 2 (Fall 2002), pp. 181–193; special "Pound/Stevens Revisited" issue, ed. Glen MacLeod. "Some Remarks on the Institutionalization of E-Poetries," NC1 (Spring/Summer 2002), pp. 84–88; part of "New Media Literature: A Roundtable Discussion on Aesthetics, Audiences, and Histories." "Making Good Books Possible: Remembering Jerre Mangione", Pennsylvania Gazette, November–December 1998 "Spirit--a Word I Never Use': A Response to Jackson Mac Low and Andrew Levy", Phillytalks 12 (Autumn 1999) "On Frets about the Death of the Book", CrossConnect, vol. 1, no. 2 (Fall 1995). "Conflict Seems Vaguely Un-American": Teaching the Conflicts and the Legacy of Cold War", Review, volume 17 (1995), pp. 156–71. "'This Posture of the Nerves': Modernism's Partisan Center," Journal of Modern Literature 18, 1 (Winter 1992): 49-64. "Stevens, 'J. Ronald Lane Latimer,' and the Alcestis Press," Wallace Stevens Journal 17, 2 (Fall 1993), 180-202. "Modernism from Right to Left: Stevens, Radicalism, and the 1930s" [chapter 2, part 1 of the book bearing that title], George Arent Library Courier 27, 2 (Spring 1992), 3-23. "'Beyond the Rhetorician's Touch': Stevens's Painterly Abstractions," American Literary History, Spring 1992, 230-63. "Stevens's Home Front," Wallace Stevens Journal 14, 2 (Fall 1990), 99-122. "Still Life without Substance: Wallace Stevens and the Language of Agency", Poetics Today, "Art and Literature" issue, ed. Wendy Steiner 10, 2 (Summer 1989), 345-72. "Voicing the Desert of Silence: Stevens' Letters to Alice Corbin Henderson," Wallace Stevens Journal 12, 1 (Spring 1988), 3-20. "Words 'With All the Effects of Force': Cold War Interpretation," a review-essay on Peter Steinberg's The Great 'Red Menace' (1984) and Ellen Schrecker's No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism & the Universities (1986), American Quarterly 39 (Summer 1987), 306- 12. "Wallace Stevens and the Strength of the Harvard Reaction," New England Quarterly 58 (March 1985), 27-45. "Wallace Stevens and the Crisis of Authority," American Literature 58 (December 1984), 560-78. References External links Al Filreis's PennSound page Al Filreis's course on Modern and Contemporary American Poetry at Coursera.org 1956 births Living people University of Pennsylvania faculty

<mask> (born 1956) is the Kelly Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania, Faculty Director of the Kelly Writers House, and Director of the Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing at the University of Pennsylvania. With Charles Bernstein, he founded PennSound in 2003; PennSound is a large archive of recordings of poets reading their own poetry. <mask> is also publisher of Jacket2 magazine and host of a monthly podcast series called "PoemTalk", a collaboration with the Poetry Foundation. Among his books are Stevens and the Actual World, Modernism from Right to Left, and Counter-revolution of the Word: The Conservative Attack on Modern Poetry, 1945-1960. Kelly Writers House In 1995, <mask> founded the Kelly Writers House, a non-profit, community organization dedicated to creative writing and the literary arts. The three-story cottage in the center of the University of Pennsylvania campus hosts a variety of programs and projects open to the public, including poetry readings, seminars, film screenings, lectures and art exhibits. <mask> also directs the Kelly Writers House Fellows Program, a program that brings different writers such as <mask>, Joan Didion and Art Spiegelman to the Writers House each year for interviews and readings that are broadcast live to a worldwide audience via webcast.Each year <mask> teaches a seminar in which students study the works of the visiting fellows. PennSound In 2003, Filreis and poet Charles Bernstein started PennSound, a website that serves as an archive of recordings of poets reading their own work. PennSound allows viewers of the site to listen to high quality MP3s of both individual poems and complete modern and historic readings from poets such as John Ashbery, Ezra Pound and Wallace Stevens. PennSound further aims to preserve recordings that could otherwise be at risk for deterioration if not converted from older recorded media. Teaching style In the late 1990s, Filreis became known as an experimenter in online learning. As a 2001 article in the Philadelphia Inquirer’s Sunday Magazine describes, students in Filreis’s classes prepare for discussions by using listservs and online social media to respond to videos, reading materials, and even cartoons compiled on websites Filreis creates for his classes. <mask>, who believes that real learning occurs through guided discussion and not through lectures, “uses technology to free class time for discussion.” Since the early days of the internet Filreis has also managed three thematic websites: on modern American poetry, on representations of the Holocaust, and on the cultural cold war of the 1950s.The sites provide links to reference material, academic criticism, and primary sources related to each site’s respective subject matter. Bibliography Books Counter-revolution of the Word: The Conservative Attack on Modern Poetry, 1945-60 (University of North Carolina Press, 2008). Modernism from Right to Left: Wallace Stevens, the Thirties, & Literary Radicalism (Cambridge University Press, July 1994) Wallace Stevens and the Actual World (Princeton University Press, 1991) Tucker's People, by Ira Wolfert (first pub. 1943), University of Illinois series, The Radical Novel in the U.S. Reconsidered (1997). (The novel was republished as The Underworld in 1950.) Secretaries of the Moon: The Letters of Wallace Stevens and Jose Rodriguez Feo, with Beverly Coyle (Durham: Duke University Press, 1986) Articles "The President of This Sentence: Bob Perelman's History" Jacket 39 (2010), special issue ed. Kristen Gallagher "Modernist Pedagogy at the End of the Lecture," in Teaching Modernist Poetry, eds.Nicky Marsh & Peter Middleton (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). "Stevens Regarding the Pain of Others," in "Selecting Three Poems by Wallace Stevens: A Roundtable Discussion" (with George Lensing, J. Donald Blount, Jacqueline Vaught Brogan, Stephen Burt & Eleanor Cook), Wallace Stevens Journal, Fall 2009, pp. 252–57 "Descriptions without Places" (foreword), in Visiting Wallace: Poems Inspired by the Life and Work of Wallace Stevens, eds. Dennis Barone and James Finnegan (Iowa City, IA: Iowa University Press, 2009) "The Stevens Wars," boundary 2 36, 3 (Fall 2009), American Poetry after 1975, Duke University Press, 978-0-8223-6719-2, 225 pages. Ed. Charles Bernstein. "Believing in the World Because It Is Impossible" [on George Oppen], Jacket 36 (late fall 2008) "Sounds at an Impasse," Wallace Stevens Journal, special sound issue edited by Natalie Gerber, Spring 2009, pp.16–23. [PDF; Scholarly Commons link] "Om PennSound" (or "Audio Archiving"), Audiatur Poetry Festival Magazine, ed. Paal Bjelke Andersen, September 2007, Bergen (translated into Norwegian). "Modern Poetry and Anticommunism," in A Concise Companion to Twentieth-Century American Poetry, ed. Stephen Fredman (Blackwell, 2005), pp. 173–90. [PDF | Selected Works] "What's Historical about Historicism," Wallace Stevens Journal (Fall 2004)."Stevens and Communism," Cambridge Companion to the Poetry of Wallace Stevens, ed. John Serio (Cambridge University Press, 2007). "Kinetic Is as Kinetic Does: On the Institutionalization of Digital Poetry," in New Media Poetics: Contexts, Technotexts, and Theories, ed. Adelaide Morris and Thomas Swiss (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), pp. 123–140. "Tests of Poetry," American Literary History 15, 1 (Spring 2003), pp. 27–35, "A Cambridge Literary History of the US Forum: Poetry.""Stevens/Pound in the Cold War," Wallace Stevens Journal 26, 2 (Fall 2002), pp. 181–193; special "Pound/Stevens Revisited" issue, ed. Glen MacLeod. "Some Remarks on the Institutionalization of E-Poetries," NC1 (Spring/Summer 2002), pp. 84–88; part of "New Media Literature: A Roundtable Discussion on Aesthetics, Audiences, and Histories." "Making Good Books Possible: Remembering Jerre Mangione", Pennsylvania Gazette, November–December 1998 "Spirit--a Word I Never Use': A Response to Jackson Mac Low and Andrew Levy", Phillytalks 12 (Autumn 1999) "On Frets about the Death of the Book", CrossConnect, vol. 1, no.2 (Fall 1995). "Conflict Seems Vaguely Un-American": Teaching the Conflicts and the Legacy of Cold War", Review, volume 17 (1995), pp. 156–71. "'This Posture of the Nerves': Modernism's Partisan Center," Journal of Modern Literature 18, 1 (Winter 1992): 49-64. "Stevens, 'J. Ronald Lane Latimer,' and the Alcestis Press," Wallace Stevens Journal 17, 2 (Fall 1993), 180-202. "Modernism from Right to Left: Stevens, Radicalism, and the 1930s" [chapter 2, part 1 of the book bearing that title], George Arent Library Courier 27, 2 (Spring 1992), 3-23."'Beyond the Rhetorician's Touch': Stevens's Painterly Abstractions," American Literary History, Spring 1992, 230-63. "Stevens's Home Front," Wallace Stevens Journal 14, 2 (Fall 1990), 99-122. "Still Life without Substance: Wallace Stevens and the Language of Agency", Poetics Today, "Art and Literature" issue, ed. Wendy Steiner 10, 2 (Summer 1989), 345-72. "Voicing the Desert of Silence: Stevens' Letters to <mask> Henderson," Wallace Stevens Journal 12, 1 (Spring 1988), 3-20. "Words 'With All the Effects of Force': Cold War Interpretation," a review-essay on Peter Steinberg's The Great 'Red Menace' (1984) and Ellen Schrecker's No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism & the Universities (1986), American Quarterly 39 (Summer 1987), 306- 12. "Wallace Stevens and the Strength of the Harvard Reaction," New England Quarterly 58 (March 1985), 27-45."Wallace Stevens and the Crisis of Authority," American Literature 58 (December 1984), 560-78. References External links <mask>'s PennSound page <mask>'s course on Modern and Contemporary American Poetry at Coursera.org 1956 births Living people University of Pennsylvania faculty

At the University of Pennsylvania, <mask> is the Kelly Professor of English, Faculty Director of the Kelly Writers House, and Director of the Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing. PennSound is a large archive of recordings of poets reading their own poetry. <mask> is the publisher of Jacket2 magazine and host of a monthly show called "PoemTalk", a collaboration with the Poetry Foundation. His books include Stevens and the Actual World, Modernism from Right to Left, and Counter-revolution of the Word: The Conservative Attack on Modern Poetry. The Kelly Writers House was founded in 1995 by <mask>. The University of Pennsylvania has a variety of programs and projects open to the public, including poetry readings, seminars, film screenings, lectures and art exhibits. The Kelly Writers House Fellows Program brings different writers such as <mask>, Joan Didion and Art Spiegelman to the Writers House each year for interviews and readings that are broadcast live to a worldwide audience via the internet.Students study the works of visiting fellows in a seminar taught by <mask>. <mask> and Charles Bernstein started PennSound in 2003 to archive recordings of poets reading their own work. PennSound allows viewers of the site to listen to high quality mp3s of both individual poems and complete modern and historic readings from poets such as Wallace Stevens and John Ashbery. PennSound wants to preserve recordings that could otherwise be at risk for degradation if not converted from older recorded media. <mask> was known as an experimenter in online learning. According to a 2001 article in the Philadelphia Inquirer's Sunday Magazine, students in Filreis's classes prepare for discussions by using listservs and online social media to respond to videos, reading materials, and even cartoons compiled on websites Filreis creates for his classes. <mask>, who believes that real learning occurs through guided discussion and not through lectures, uses technology to free class time for discussion.Links to reference material, academic criticism, and primary sources are provided by the sites. Counter-revolution of the Word: The Conservative Attack on Modern Poetry was published in 2008. Wallace Stevens and the Actual World is a novel by Ira Wolfert. The Radical Novel in the U.S. Reconsidered was published in 1997. The novel was changed to The Underworld in 1950. The President of This Sentence: Bob Perelman's History is a special issue ed. of Secretaries of the Moon: The Letters of Wallace Stevens and Jose Rodriguez Feo. "Modernist Pedagogy at the End of the Lecture" is a book by the author.The authors are Nicky Marsh and Peter Middleton. "Stevens Regarding the Pain of Others" is a poem by Wallace Stevens. "Descriptions without Places" was written in Visiting Wallace: Poems inspired by the Life and Work of Wallace Stevens. "The Stevens Wars," boundary 2 36, 3 (Fall 2009), American Poetry after 1975, Duke University Press, is a book by Dennis Barone and James Finnegan. Ed. The man is Charles Bernstein. "Sounds at an Impasse," Wallace Stevens Journal, special sound issue edited by Natalie Gerber, Spring 2009, pp.16–23. "Om PennSound" (or "Audio Archiving"), is a magazine. Bergen was translated into Norwegian by Paal Bjelke Andersen. "Modern Poetry and Anticommunism" is included in A Concise Companion to Twentieth-Century American Poetry. Stephen Fredman, pp. 173–90 "What's Historical about Historicism" was published in the Wallace Stevens Journal."Stevens and Communism" is a Cambridge Companion to the Poetry of Wallace Stevens. The Cambridge University Press has a book by John Serio. "Kinetic Is as Kinetic Does: On the Institutionalization of Digital Poetry" was published in New Media Poetics: Contexts, Technotexts, and Theories. The pp. were written by Thomas Swiss and Adelaide Morris. It was 123–140 "Tests of Poetry" was published in the spring of 2003 in American literary history. "A Cambridge Literary History of the US Forum: Poetry.""Stevens/Pound in the Cold War" was published in the Wallace Stevens Journal. "Pound/Stevens Revisited" issue, ed., was published in 181–193. Glen MacLeod. There are some remarks on the institutionalization of e- poets. Part of "New Media Literature: A Roundtable Discussion on Aesthetics, Audiences, and Histories." "Making Good Books Possible: Remembering Jerre Mangione", Pennsylvania Gazette, November–December 1998 1, no.2 wasfall 1995 "Conflict Seems Vaguely Un-American": Teaching the Conflicts and the Legacy of Cold War was published in 1995. 156–1. "'This Posture of the Nerves': Modernism's Partisan Center" was published in the Journal of Modern Literature. Stevens, 'J.' Wallace Stevens Journal 17, 2 (Fall 1993), "Ronald Lane Latimer,' and the Alcestis Press." "Modernism from Right to Left: Stevens, Radicalism, and the 1930s" is a book written by George Arent."'Beyond the Rhetorician's Touch': Stevens's Painterly Abstractions" was published in American Literary History in 1992. "Stevens's Home Front" was published in the Wallace Stevens Journal. "Still Life without Substance: Wallace Stevens and the Language of Agency" is an issue of Poetics Today. Wendy Steiner had 10, 2 in the summer of 1989. "Voicing the Desert of Silence: Stevens' Letters to <mask>" was published in the Wallace Stevens Journal. "Words 'With All the Effects of Force': Cold War Interpretation" is a review-essay on Peter Steinberg's The Great 'Red Menace'. "Wallace Stevens and the Strength of the Harvard Reaction" was published in the New England Quarterly."Wallace Stevens and the Crisis of Authority" was published in 1984. There are external links to <mask>'s PennSound page and his course on Modern and Contemporary American Poetry.

1855937

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Simmons

Andrew Simmons

Andrew Simmons (born 21 May 1984), better known by his ring name Andy Boy Simmonz, is a British professional wrestler. He is currently working in the independent circuit in the United Kingdom for several promotions. Simmons' most high-profile work in the UK came in the Frontier Wrestling Alliance under the face gimmick of Simmons the Butler. Simmons later returned to the FWA under the ring name Andy Boy Simmons but remained face. He is the current CWL Heavyweight Champion in the Championship Wrestling League. The Boy in Simmons' ring name comes from his idol Davey Boy Smith, best known as WWF's British Bulldog. Simmons has taken on many elements of the Bulldog character including the ring gear and the finishing move. He now teaches classes in Portsmouth at the revolution pro wrestling school on Saturdays, Sundays and Wednesdays. He was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis in his childhood. Professional wrestling career He went to school in Liphook, Hampshire. Simmons first planned to train to become a wrestler at the NWA-UK Hammerlock training school, but not long after securing a week-long training session in August 2000 Simmons received news of a new training centre starting up in Portsmouth, The FWA Academy, which was 30 minutes away from him. During 2004, Simmons would wrestle in Italy for the Italian Championship Wrestling promotion, and around the rest UK for All Star and Premier Promotions before finally leaving the FWA Academy for good. In May, Simmons defeated Tommy Stevens in a Tables Match to win a one night tournament for the EWF trophy at the Weymouth Pavilion in Weymouth, Dorset. Outside of the more mainstream promotions Simmons competes for many independent promotions in the UK, most notably All Star, Real Quality Wrestling, Varsity Pro Wrestling and abroad on various European tours. During his time on the UK indies Simmons would begin teaming with Eamon O'Neill under the team name Irish Connection and later, The United Lions. During a tour of Italy in September 2006, Simmons suffered a broken ankle in a rumble match. Simmons was flown back early from the tour to have surgery which should have put him out of action until 2007. Frontier Wrestling Alliance Simmons' debut for the company was on 20 January 2001 at FWA Unknown Quantity 2 where he faced of in a Rookies Match against Dave Crispin, Simmons won the match with a victory roll, which he would later be named his Simmonz Roll. After this well received debut Simmons went undefeated for 18 months, but after his first defeat in the FWA Academy Simmons took time away to wrestle in The Wrestling Alliance. After time away in the independent circuit, Simmons returned to the FWA Academy in 2003. During Simmons' time in the academy he wrestled against many of the up-and-coming British stars like James Tighe, Raj Ghosh, Mark Sloan, and Paul Burchill. Simmons also took part in the final TWA tour facing British wrestling superstars "The Anarchist" Doug Williams, Jody Fleisch, and Robbie Brookside. Simmons came up into the FWA main roster with the gimmick of a stereotypical English butler, in the style of Jeeves in the Jeeves and Wooster novels. Within a year as The Duke of Danger's trusty butler sidekick, Simmons would become one of the most popular wrestlers in the FWA's history. As part of the tag-team Hampton Court with the Duke of Danger, and their valet "Buttercup". He would soon go on to hold the tag titles in the company with the Duke for a short time, before losing them to the team of Stixx & Martin Stone. After another absence away from the FWA Simmons split away from Hampton Court but returned under the name Andy Boy Simmons. He set out to find a new tag partner, one he could team with to win the tag belts from the champs Stixx and Stone. Simmons return to FWA with new tag team partner, Eamon O'Neill, as The United Lions. International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom Simmons has also appeared regularly in International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom (IPW:UK) shows from late 2004 right through into 2006. During a show on 21 November 2004, Robbie Brookside defeated The International Man of Mystery 2–1 in a British Rules match after the match the Man of Mystery was unmasked as Simmons, but Brookside was then attacked by Stevie Douglas, Douglas went on to say that he was the real International Man of Mystery. In 2005, Andy Boy Simmonz entered into IPW:UK's heavyweight division and became a fan favourite. In July 2005, Simmonz would also make his mark in IPW:UK's tag team division teaming with the British Bulldog's son, Harry "Bulldog" Smith as "British Beef". On 18 February 2006, however, Simmonz turned on the company's mainly internet based fans who regularly "booed" him and unsuccessfully attempted to de-throne IPW:UK Champion Martin Stone at the event in Orpington, Kent. Simmonz soon fell back into his heel persona in IPW:UK and even had a bodyguard for a short time in June. Around this time, Simmonz won an over-the-top rumble at Battle Royale to earn himself any match of his choice in IPW:UK. However, by September, Simmonz had left IPW:UK (due to the injury he suffered on tour) claiming he was retiring without ever utilizing the stipulation. On 22 October 2006, while still incapacitated and in a wheelchair Simmonz used the stipulation to gain himself a No DQ, Falls Count Anywhere bout for the IPW:UK title. After help from Aviv Maayan and Simmons' former bodyguard, LT Summers, as well as a steel crutch, Simmonz became the third IPW:UK Champion. The team are known as the "Hated Heroes". It was announced that at the cross over event IPW:UK vs New Generation Wrestling in Hull on Friday 13 February 2009, Simmonz would represent IPW to take on NGW's "Prima Donna" Nathan Cruz, a match which saw Simmonz win, thus earning the first point for team IPW, Simmonz later wrestled in an IPW vs NGW 6-man elimination tag team match which was won by NGW's Alex Cyanide when Cyanide pinned Simmonz. 1 Pro Wrestling Simmons would also become one of the British stars in the 1 Pro Wrestling roster from its inception in 2005, competing under his heel persona. Simmons appeared in 1PW's inaugural match the Proving Ground Battle Royal but didn't appear again on a 1PW card for several months for a brief stint before leaving the company once again. In 2006, Simmons would make a return to 1PW as the surprise tag team partner from Lance Storm before working a pro wrestling storyline in which he would take open challenges from any competitor for a match. Simmonz's open challenges resulted in a long losing streak for Simmonz in 1PW. Real Quality Wrestling Simmons would also make appearances in Real Quality Wrestling as both a face and a heel. As a heel, Simmons would team with Aviv Maayan as The Hated Heroes. They participated in the RQW British Tag Team Tournament to have a chance of becoming RQW British Tag Team Champions. They made it to the final but were defeated by Team Charming. Simmons is also known for teaming with James Tighe as The Iron Lions. World Wrestling Entertainment During World Wrestling Entertainment shows held in London, England, Simmons has participated as an enhancement talent. Simmons was a part of WWE's 2006 tour of the United Kingdom where he worked for the company, competing on both its WWE Velocity and WWE Heat shows. Simmons would compete against Matt Hardy in a singles match on Velocity and teamed with Eric Schwarz to face the team of Goldust and Snitsky during Heat. On 15 October 2007 Birmingham, England edition of WWE Raw, Simmons competed in a few squash matches against Umaga. He was put through 3 types of matches by Mr. McMahon: a Street Fight, a First Blood Match, and a Steel Cage Match. Simmons lost all three matches. Irish Whip Wrestling In June 2008, Simmons took part in an Irish Whip Wrestling Show in the ESB Arena in Dublin where he beat Chad Collyer. Fightstar Sports Entertainment On 16 November 2010, Simmons competed in a Championship Tournament for Fightstar Sports Entertainment's vacant All-Counties Championship at the Barrington Centre in Ferndown, Dorset. After beating X-Con in the first round, he went on to win the title in the main event Triple Threat match that night, beating Jivin' Jay Knox and 'Iron Hulk' Karl Atlas to lift the title. Revolution Pro Simmons is an active competitor and trainer in Revolution Pro Wrestling at the FWA's former training facility. Championships and accomplishments British Real Attitude Wrestling League BRAWL Heavyweight Championship (1 time) Catch Wrestling Council CWC All-In Championship (1 time) Celtic Wrestling CW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Thomas Bassey Championship Wrestling League CWL Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current) European Wrestling Federation EWF Trophy (2004) Extreme World Wrestling EWW St. George's Championship (1 time) Fightstar Sports Entertainment All-Counties Championship (1 time) Frontier Wrestling Alliance FWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Duke of Danger International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom IPW:UK Championship (2 times) Italian Championship Wrestling ICW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with James Tighe Revolution Pro Wrestling Dirty 24/7 championship (1 time) References External links IPW:UK profile Interview regarding The Wrestler (2008) 1984 births English male professional wrestlers Living people People from Liss Professional wrestling trainers British men podcasters British podcasters

<mask> (born 21 May 1984), better known by his ring name Andy Boy Simmonz, is a British professional wrestler. He is currently working in the independent circuit in the United Kingdom for several promotions. <mask>' most high-profile work in the UK came in the Frontier Wrestling Alliance under the face gimmick of <mask> the Butler. <mask> later returned to the FWA under the ring name <mask> but remained face. He is the current CWL Heavyweight Champion in the Championship Wrestling League. The Boy in <mask>' ring name comes from his idol Davey Boy Smith, best known as WWF's British Bulldog. <mask> has taken on many elements of the Bulldog character including the ring gear and the finishing move.He now teaches classes in Portsmouth at the revolution pro wrestling school on Saturdays, Sundays and Wednesdays. He was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis in his childhood. Professional wrestling career He went to school in Liphook, Hampshire. <mask> first planned to train to become a wrestler at the NWA-UK Hammerlock training school, but not long after securing a week-long training session in August 2000 <mask> received news of a new training centre starting up in Portsmouth, The FWA Academy, which was 30 minutes away from him. During 2004, <mask> would wrestle in Italy for the Italian Championship Wrestling promotion, and around the rest UK for All Star and Premier Promotions before finally leaving the FWA Academy for good. In May, <mask> defeated Tommy Stevens in a Tables Match to win a one night tournament for the EWF trophy at the Weymouth Pavilion in Weymouth, Dorset. Outside of the more mainstream promotions <mask> competes for many independent promotions in the UK, most notably All Star, Real Quality Wrestling, Varsity Pro Wrestling and abroad on various European tours.During his time on the UK indies <mask> would begin teaming with Eamon O'Neill under the team name Irish Connection and later, The United Lions. During a tour of Italy in September 2006, <mask> suffered a broken ankle in a rumble match. <mask> was flown back early from the tour to have surgery which should have put him out of action until 2007. Frontier Wrestling Alliance <mask>' debut for the company was on 20 January 2001 at FWA Unknown Quantity 2 where he faced of in a Rookies Match against Dave Crispin, <mask> won the match with a victory roll, which he would later be named his Simmonz Roll. After this well received debut <mask> went undefeated for 18 months, but after his first defeat in the FWA Academy <mask> took time away to wrestle in The Wrestling Alliance. After time away in the independent circuit, <mask> returned to the FWA Academy in 2003. During <mask>' time in the academy he wrestled against many of the up-and-coming British stars like James Tighe, Raj Ghosh, Mark Sloan, and Paul Burchill.<mask> also took part in the final TWA tour facing British wrestling superstars "The Anarchist" Doug Williams, Jody Fleisch, and Robbie Brookside. <mask> came up into the FWA main roster with the gimmick of a stereotypical English butler, in the style of Jeeves in the Jeeves and Wooster novels. Within a year as The Duke of Danger's trusty butler sidekick, <mask> would become one of the most popular wrestlers in the FWA's history. As part of the tag-team Hampton Court with the Duke of Danger, and their valet "Buttercup". He would soon go on to hold the tag titles in the company with the Duke for a short time, before losing them to the team of Stixx & Martin Stone. After another absence away from the FWA <mask> split away from Hampton Court but returned under the name Andy Boy <mask>x and Stone.<mask> return to FWA with new tag team partner, Eamon O'Neill, as The United Lions. International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom <mask> has also appeared regularly in International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom (IPW:UK) shows from late 2004 right through into 2006. During a show on 21 November 2004, Robbie Brookside defeated The International Man of Mystery 2–1 in a British Rules match after the match the Man of Mystery was unmasked as <mask>, but Brookside was then attacked by Stevie Douglas, Douglas went on to say that he was the real International Man of Mystery. In 2005, Andy Boy Simmonz entered into IPW:UK's heavyweight division and became a fan favourite. In July 2005, Simmonz would also make his mark in IPW:UK's tag team division teaming with the British Bulldog's son, Harry "Bulldog" Smith as "British Beef". On 18 February 2006, however, Simmonz turned on the company's mainly internet based fans who regularly "booed" him and unsuccessfully attempted to de-throne IPW:UK Champion Martin Stone at the event in Orpington, Kent. Simmonz soon fell back into his heel persona in IPW:UK and even had a bodyguard for a short time in June.Around this time, Simmonz won an over-the-top rumble at Battle Royale to earn himself any match of his choice in IPW:UK. However, by September, Simmonz had left IPW:UK (due to the injury he suffered on tour) claiming he was retiring without ever utilizing the stipulation. On 22 October 2006, while still incapacitated and in a wheelchair Simmonz used the stipulation to gain himself a No DQ, Falls Count Anywhere bout for the IPW:UK title. After help from Aviv Maayan and <mask>' former bodyguard, LT Summers, as well as a steel crutch, Simmonz became the third IPW:UK Champion. The team are known as the "Hated Heroes". It was announced that at the cross over event IPW:UK vs New Generation Wrestling in Hull on Friday 13 February 2009, Simmonz would represent IPW to take on NGW's "Prima Donna" Nathan Cruz, a match which saw Simmonz win, thus earning the first point for team IPW, Simmonz later wrestled in an IPW vs NGW 6-man elimination tag team match which was won by NGW's Alex Cyanide when Cyanide pinned Simmonz. 1 Pro Wrestling <mask> would also become one of the British stars in the 1 Pro Wrestling roster from its inception in 2005, competing under his heel persona.<mask> appeared in 1PW's inaugural match the Proving Ground Battle Royal but didn't appear again on a 1PW card for several months for a brief stint before leaving the company once again. In 2006, <mask> would make a return to 1PW as the surprise tag team partner from Lance Storm before working a pro wrestling storyline in which he would take open challenges from any competitor for a match. Simmonz's open challenges resulted in a long losing streak for Simmonz in 1PW. Real Quality Wrestling <mask> would also make appearances in Real Quality Wrestling as both a face and a heel. As a heel, <mask> would team with Aviv Maayan as The Hated Heroes. They participated in the RQW British Tag Team Tournament to have a chance of becoming RQW British Tag Team Champions. They made it to the final but were defeated by Team Charming.<mask> is also known for teaming with James Tighe as The Iron Lions. World Wrestling Entertainment During World Wrestling Entertainment shows held in London, England, <mask> has participated as an enhancement talent. <mask> was a part of WWE's 2006 tour of the United Kingdom where he worked for the company, competing on both its WWE Velocity and WWE Heat shows. <mask> would compete against Matt Hardy in a singles match on Velocity and teamed with Eric Schwarz to face the team of Goldust and Snitsky during Heat. On 15 October 2007 Birmingham, England edition of WWE Raw, <mask> competed in a few squash matches against Umaga. He was put through 3 types of matches by Mr. McMahon: a Street Fight, a First Blood Match, and a Steel Cage Match. <mask> lost all three matches.Irish Whip Wrestling In June 2008, <mask> took part in an Irish Whip Wrestling Show in the ESB Arena in Dublin where he beat Chad Collyer. Fightstar Sports Entertainment On 16 November 2010, <mask> competed in a Championship Tournament for Fightstar Sports Entertainment's vacant All-Counties Championship at the Barrington Centre in Ferndown, Dorset. After beating X-Con in the first round, he went on to win the title in the main event Triple Threat match that night, beating Jivin' Jay Knox and 'Iron Hulk' Karl Atlas to lift the title. Revolution Pro Simmons is an active competitor and trainer in Revolution Pro Wrestling at the FWA's former training facility. Championships and accomplishments British Real Attitude Wrestling League BRAWL Heavyweight Championship (1 time) Catch Wrestling Council CWC All-In Championship (1 time) Celtic Wrestling CW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Thomas Bassey Championship Wrestling League CWL Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current) European Wrestling Federation EWF Trophy (2004) Extreme World Wrestling EWW St. George's Championship (1 time) Fightstar Sports Entertainment All-Counties Championship (1 time) Frontier Wrestling Alliance FWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Duke of Danger International Pro Wrestling: United Kingdom IPW:UK Championship (2 times) Italian Championship Wrestling ICW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with James Tighe Revolution Pro Wrestling Dirty 24/7 championship (1 time) References External links IPW:UK profile Interview regarding The Wrestler (2008) 1984 births English male professional wrestlers Living people People from Liss Professional wrestling trainers British men podcasters British podcasters

<mask>, better known by his ring name Andy Boy Simmonz, is a British professional wrestler. He is working in the independent circuit in the United Kingdom. <mask>' most high-profile work in the UK was in the Frontier Wrestling Alliance. <mask> returned to the FWA under the ring name <mask>. He is a champion in the Championship Wrestling League. The boy in <mask>' ring is named after his hero, the British bulldog. The finishing move and ring gear have been taken on by <mask>.He teaches classes at the revolution pro wrestling school on Saturdays, Sundays and Wednesdays. He was diagnosed with the disease at a young age. He was a professional wrestler in Hampshire. <mask> first planned to train to become a wrestler at the NWA-UK Hammerlock training school, but not long after securing a week-long training session in August 2000 <mask> received news of a new training centre starting up in Portsmouth, The FWA Academy, which was 30 minutes away from <mask> wrestled in Italy for the Italian Championship Wrestling promotion in 2004, then wrestled in the UK for All Star and Premier promotions before leaving the FWA Academy for good. <mask> defeated Tommy Stevens in a Tables Match in order to win the EWF trophy. Outside of the more mainstream promotions, <mask> competes for many independent promotions in the UK, most notably All Star, Real Quality Wrestling, and Varsity Pro Wrestling.<mask> began teaming with Eamon O'Neill under the team name Irish Connection and later, The United Lions. <mask> broke his ankle during a rumble match in Italy. <mask> should have been out of action until 2007, because he was flown back early from the tour to have surgery. <mask>' debut for Frontier Wrestling Alliance was on January 20, 2001 at FWA Unknown Quantity 2 where he faced off against Dave Crispin and won the match with a victory roll. After his first defeat in the FWA Academy, <mask> took time away to wrestle in The Wrestling Alliance. <mask> returned to the FWA Academy in 2003 after being away for a while. <mask> wrestled against many British stars during his time in the academy.<mask> was on the final TWA tour facing British wrestling superstars "The Anarchist" Doug Williams and Jody Fleisch. <mask> came up into the FWA main roster with the idea of a stereotypical English butler. <mask> became one of the most popular wrestlers in the FWA's history within a year as The Duke of Danger's sidekick. The Duke of Danger and his valet "Buttercup" were part of the tag team. After losing the tag titles to the team of Stixx & Martin Stone, he went on to hold the titles in the company with the Duke. <mask> left the FWA and returned under the name Andy Boy <mask>. He wanted to team with a new partner to win the tag belts from Stone and Stixx.The United Lions have a new tag team partner in <mask>. <mask> Brookside in a British Rules match on 21 November 2004, but after the match he was attacked by Stevie Douglas, who said that he was the real International Man of Mystery. Andy Boy Simmonz became a fan favourite when he entered the IPW:UK's heavyweight division. Simmonz and the British Bulldog's son, Harry "Bulldog" Smith, made their mark in the tag team division of IPW:UK in July 2005. Simmonz turned on the company's mainly internet based fans who booed him and tried to de-throne Martin Stone at the event in Orpington, Kent. Simmonz had a bodyguard for a short period of time in June.Simmonz won an over-the-top rumble at Battle Royale to earn himself a match in IPW:UK. Simmonz left IPW:UK in September due to an injury he sustained on the tour. Simmonz used the Falls Count Anywhere bout for the IPW:UK title as a ruse to get himself a No Deletion. Simmonz became the third IPW:UK champion after help from Aviv Maayan and <mask>' former bodyguard. The team is called the "Hated Heroes". Simmonz won the first match at the cross over event IPW:UK vs New Generation Wrestling in Hull on February 13, 2009, when he took on Nathan Cruz of NGW. <mask> became one of the British stars in the 1 Pro Wrestling roster in 2005, competing under his heel persona.<mask> appeared in the Proving Ground Battle Royal for 1PW but didn't appear again for several months before he left the company again. <mask> made a return to 1PW in 2006 as the surprise tag team partner from Lance Storm before working a pro wrestling storyline in which he would take open challenges from any competitor for a match. Simmonz was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 <mask> would make appearances in Real Quality Wrestling as both a face and a heel. <mask> would team with Aviv Maayan as The Hated Heroes. The RQW British Tag Team Tournament gave them a chance to become RQW British Tag Team Champs. They made it to the final but were defeated.<mask> and James Tighe played The Iron Lions. <mask> has participated as an enhancement talent in World Wrestling Entertainment shows. <mask> was a part of the 2006 tour of the United Kingdom where he worked for the company. <mask> and Eric Schwarz faced the team of Goldust and Snitsky during the Heat portion of the show. <mask> competed in squash matches against Umaga on the October 15, 2007, edition of WWE Raw. He was put through three different types of matches by Mr. McMahon. <mask> lost all three matches.<mask> competed in the Irish Whip Wrestling Show in Dublin in June of 2008 and beat Chad Collyer. <mask> competed in a Championship Tournament for Fightstar Sports Entertainment's vacant All-Counties Championship at the Barrington Centre in Ferndown. After beating X-Con in the first round, he went on to win the title in the main event Triple Threat match, beating Jivin' Jay Knox and Karl Atlas to lift the title. Revolution Pro <mask> is a trainer in Revolution Pro Wrestling at the FWA's former training facility. The Wrestling Council CWC All-In Championship, Celtic Wrestling CW Tag Team Championship, and the Thomas Bassey Championship Wrestling League have all been won by wrestlers.

34159495

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20C.%20Brown

Eddie C. Brown

Eddie Carl Brown (born November 26, 1940) is an American investment manager, entrepreneur and philanthropist. Renowned for his stock-picking acumen, Brown is the founder and president of Brown Capital Management, a Baltimore-based firm that's amassed more than $10 billion under management since it opened for business in 1983. An avid traveler and jazz aficionado, Brown and his wife, Sylvia, have given millions to various charitable causes under the aegis of the Baltimore-based Eddie C. and C. Sylvia Brown Family Foundation. Early life Brown was born to 13-year-old Annie Mae Brown in Apopka, Florida, a rural hamlet in the central part of the state where agriculture dominated the local economy and Jim Crow laws kept blacks and whites rigidly ensconced in their separate, unequal, worlds. Brown’s mother left town when she was 15. From that point forward, Brown’s grandparents Jake and Mamie Brown Sr. and his uncle, Jake Brown Jr. – took over his socialization. Brown’s proclivity for academic excellence first manifested itself in elementary school, prompting his grandmother to pay for a typewriter and typing lessons for her grandson. She was determined to have him avoid performing manual labor in the Apopka citrus groves that supported his grandparents. To this day, Brown still types proficiently enough to dash out 60 error-free words per minute. When Brown was six, his entrepreneurial Uncle Jake taught him how to drive a flatbed truck, enabling fruit pickers to load boxes of oranges, grapefruit, and tangerines in Apopka’s citrus groves. Jake also ran a thriving moonshine enterprise in central Florida and under his tutelage, Brown was piloting hotrods filled with white lightning by the time he was 11. A disapproving relative quietly contacted Brown’s mother, who snatched her son out of Apopka and relocated him to Allentown, Pennsylvania. Brown attended an integrated high school in Allentown where he continued to be a top academic performer. He graduated with honors from Allentown High School, one of five African Americans out of a class of 760 students. Still Brown had no realistic prospect of attending college, until a white Allentown woman who owned a casket making business offered to subsidize his higher education. Brown never met his benefactor, whose offer was made through a proxy. One of his lifelong regrets is never having thanked her face-to-face. But her legacy lives on because her kindness triggered in Brown a passionate interest in philanthropy. His benefactor’s largesse allowed Brown to earn a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1961, which he received from Howard University, in Washington, D.C. Career After graduating from Howard, Brown worked for a few months with defense contractor Martin Marietta in Orlando, Florida, where he did quality control work on Titan Intercontinental ballistic missiles. That ended after Brown was called into Army service as a lieutenant at Ft. Monmouth County, New Jersey, to satisfy a military obligation Brown incurred when he joined the Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program at Howard University. Following two years on active duty as a Signal Corps officer, Brown joined IBM’s Systems Development Division in Poughkeepsie, New York. Brown spent five years designing computer circuits for large mainframe computers while employed by IBM, and also earned a master’s degree in electrical engineering from New York University. During his time at IBM Brown became increasingly fascinated with finance and investing, so he opted to take advantage of an IBM management development program that allowed him to earn an MBA degree from Indiana University in 1970. Eager to learn everything he could about wealth creation and use it for his family’s benefit, Brown joined Irwin Management Co., in Columbus, Indiana, eventually becoming a member of the money management firm’s marketable securities group. In 1973 Brown moved to Baltimore to take a position as a portfolio manager with investment firm T. Rowe Price. A decade later Brown left to start Brown Capital Management, which initially operated out of his suburban Baltimore home. A valuation-conscious investor, Brown put his company’s focus on stocks offering growth-at-a-reasonable-price, or GARP. Brown Capital Management caters to high-net-worth individuals, pension and profit sharing plans, charitable organizations and corporations. In the early years of Brown Capital Management, Brown’s ability to attract investors received a welcome boost when he became a regular panelist on the PBS financial television program Wall $treet Week with Louis Rukeyser, which was popular during the 1980s and 1990s. “Ed is one of the most careful, and successful, students of securities alive today, and he gives us the specifics of what’s on his list,” Rukeyser noted. Brown Capital Management celebrated its 30th year in business in 2013, occupies a three-story building at 1201 North Calvert Street in downtown Baltimore and employs 37 workers. Brown continues to find money management a compelling and invigorating exercise, and remains an active and highly engaged participant in the day-to-day operations of the company he founded. “This is the kind of business that, if you really enjoy it, like I do, it’s not like work, it’s like fun,” Brown says. Personal life Brown married his college sweetheart from Howard University, the former Sylvia Thurston, on August 11, 1962, in King William, Virginia. The Browns have two daughters and three grandsons. Possessing a longtime interest in aviation, Brown tried to attend helicopter flight school while he was a lieutenant in the Army, but was rejected after the vision in one eye failed to pass visual acuity standards. Years later Brown got a private pilots license for civilian fixed-wing aircraft, but stopped flying after his flights started to become too infrequent for him to remain proficient. A golf enthusiast who is also an avid photographer, Brown is a major collector of African-American art. Brown’s primary residence is in suburban Baltimore, and he maintains homes in Florida and Maine. Recognition Brown has received an impressive number of awards and encomiums, to include the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service. Brown was also Maryland Life magazine’s 2006 Maryland of Distinction, an honor former Republican Maryland Gov. Robert Ehrlich Jr., said stemmed from Brown’s “tireless dedication to improving the lives of others and making your communities better places to live.” The founder of Brown Capital Management was also recognized in Black Enterprise magazine’s 40th Anniversary Issue in a 2010 article that ran under the headline “Titans: 40 Most Powerful African Americans in Business.” Brown and his wife, Sylvia, were also the recipients of the 2011 Ronald H. Brown American Journey Award by the Ron Brown Scholars Program, a national college scholarship program. Brown and his wife, C. Sylvia Brown, were jointly awarded Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degrees from the Johns Hopkins University on May 23, 2013. The degrees were bestowed during the University’s Commencement ceremony in Baltimore. Politics Brown has been a stalwart supporter of Democratic Party politicians and policies over the years, to include the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama. Philanthropy Brown and his wife, Sylvia, have faithfully backed causes that improve inner-city Baltimore paradigms, usually through an association with health care, education, or the arts. The Browns’ contributions are typically funneled through the Eddie C. and C. Sylvia Brown Family Foundation. One beneficiary has been the Turning the Corner Achievement Program (TCAP), which focuses on attaining improved educational and social outcomes for inner-city Baltimore youths. The Browns’ foundation has committed $5 million to TCAP since 2002. Books and articles about Brown An autobiographical book about Brown titled Beating the Odds: Eddie Brown’s Investing and Life Strategies was released in May 2011 (John Wiley & Sons, 240 pages). Brown is also the subject of an article titled “Where to Find Reasonably Priced Growth Stocks” written by Christopher C. Williams and published by Barrons on January 11, 2010. References External links Eddie C. Brown Website Brown Capital Management Website Johns Hopkins University: Brown Community Health Scholarship Website Baltimore Times: Top Money Manager Eddie C. Brown speaks about his Autobiography, ‘Beating the Odds,’ at BCCC Eddie C. Brown of Brown Capital Management named Loyola's Business Leader of the Year 2010 2011 Marylanders of the Year, Eddie C. and S. Sylvia Brown 1940 births Living people American investors American nonprofit businesspeople American philanthropists Howard University alumni African-American investors New York University alumni Indiana University alumni People from Apopka, Florida 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

<mask> (born November 26, 1940) is an American investment manager, entrepreneur and philanthropist. Renowned for his stock-picking acumen, <mask> is the founder and president of Brown Capital Management, a Baltimore-based firm that's amassed more than $10 billion under management since it opened for business in 1983. An avid traveler and jazz aficionado, <mask> and his wife, Sylvia, have given millions to various charitable causes under the aegis of the Baltimore-based Eddie C. and C. Sylvia Brown Family Foundation. Early life <mask> was born to 13-year-old <mask> in Apopka, Florida, a rural hamlet in the central part of the state where agriculture dominated the local economy and Jim Crow laws kept blacks and whites rigidly ensconced in their separate, unequal, worlds. <mask>’s mother left town when she was 15. From that point forward, <mask>’s grandparents Jake and <mask>. and his uncle, <mask>. – took over his socialization. <mask>’s proclivity for academic excellence first manifested itself in elementary school, prompting his grandmother to pay for a typewriter and typing lessons for her grandson.She was determined to have him avoid performing manual labor in the Apopka citrus groves that supported his grandparents. To this day, <mask> still types proficiently enough to dash out 60 error-free words per minute. When <mask> was six, his entrepreneurial Uncle Jake taught him how to drive a flatbed truck, enabling fruit pickers to load boxes of oranges, grapefruit, and tangerines in Apopka’s citrus groves. Jake also ran a thriving moonshine enterprise in central Florida and under his tutelage, <mask> was piloting hotrods filled with white lightning by the time he was 11. A disapproving relative quietly contacted <mask>’s mother, who snatched her son out of Apopka and relocated him to Allentown, Pennsylvania. <mask> attended an integrated high school in Allentown where he continued to be a top academic performer. He graduated with honors from Allentown High School, one of five African Americans out of a class of 760 students.Still <mask> had no realistic prospect of attending college, until a white Allentown woman who owned a casket making business offered to subsidize his higher education. <mask> never met his benefactor, whose offer was made through a proxy. One of his lifelong regrets is never having thanked her face-to-face. But her legacy lives on because her kindness triggered in <mask> a passionate interest in philanthropy. His benefactor’s largesse allowed <mask> to earn a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1961, which he received from Howard University, in Washington, D.C. Career After graduating from Howard, <mask> worked for a few months with defense contractor Martin Marietta in Orlando, Florida, where he did quality control work on Titan Intercontinental ballistic missiles. That ended after <mask> was called into Army service as a lieutenant at Ft. Monmouth County, New Jersey, to satisfy a military obligation <mask> incurred when he joined the Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program at Howard University.Following two years on active duty as a Signal Corps officer, <mask> joined IBM’s Systems Development Division in Poughkeepsie, New York. <mask> spent five years designing computer circuits for large mainframe computers while employed by IBM, and also earned a master’s degree in electrical engineering from New York University. During his time at IBM <mask> became increasingly fascinated with finance and investing, so he opted to take advantage of an IBM management development program that allowed him to earn an MBA degree from Indiana University in 1970. Eager to learn everything he could about wealth creation and use it for his family’s benefit, <mask> joined Irwin Management Co., in Columbus, Indiana, eventually becoming a member of the money management firm’s marketable securities group. In 1973 <mask> moved to Baltimore to take a position as a portfolio manager with investment firm T. Rowe Price. A decade later <mask> left to start Brown Capital Management, which initially operated out of his suburban Baltimore home. A valuation-conscious investor, <mask> put his company’s focus on stocks offering growth-at-a-reasonable-price, or GARP.Brown Capital Management caters to high-net-worth individuals, pension and profit sharing plans, charitable organizations and corporations. In the early years of Brown Capital Management, <mask>’s ability to attract investors received a welcome boost when he became a regular panelist on the PBS financial television program Wall $treet Week with Louis Rukeyser, which was popular during the 1980s and 1990s. “Ed is one of the most careful, and successful, students of securities alive today, and he gives us the specifics of what’s on his list,” Rukeyser noted. Brown Capital Management celebrated its 30th year in business in 2013, occupies a three-story building at 1201 North Calvert Street in downtown Baltimore and employs 37 workers. <mask> continues to find money management a compelling and invigorating exercise, and remains an active and highly engaged participant in the day-to-day operations of the company he founded. “This is the kind of business that, if you really enjoy it, like I do, it’s not like work, it’s like fun,” <mask> says. Personal life <mask> married his college sweetheart from Howard University, the former Sylvia Thurston, on August 11, 1962, in King William, Virginia.The Browns have two daughters and three grandsons. Possessing a longtime interest in aviation, <mask> tried to attend helicopter flight school while he was a lieutenant in the Army, but was rejected after the vision in one eye failed to pass visual acuity standards. Years later <mask> got a private pilots license for civilian fixed-wing aircraft, but stopped flying after his flights started to become too infrequent for him to remain proficient. A golf enthusiast who is also an avid photographer, <mask> is a major collector of African-American art. <mask>’s primary residence is in suburban Baltimore, and he maintains homes in Florida and Maine. Recognition <mask> has received an impressive number of awards and encomiums, to include the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service. <mask> was also Maryland Life magazine’s 2006 Maryland of Distinction, an honor former Republican Maryland Gov.Robert Ehrlich Jr., said stemmed from <mask>’s “tireless dedication to improving the lives of others and making your communities better places to live.” The founder of Brown Capital Management was also recognized in Black Enterprise magazine’s 40th Anniversary Issue in a 2010 article that ran under the headline “Titans: 40 Most Powerful African Americans in Business.” <mask> and his wife, Sylvia, were also the recipients of the 2011 Ronald H. <mask> American Journey Award by the Ron Brown Scholars Program, a national college scholarship program. <mask> and his wife, C. <mask>, were jointly awarded Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degrees from the Johns Hopkins University on May 23, 2013. The degrees were bestowed during the University’s Commencement ceremony in Baltimore. Politics <mask> has been a stalwart supporter of Democratic Party politicians and policies over the years, to include the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama. Philanthropy <mask> and his wife, Sylvia, have faithfully backed causes that improve inner-city Baltimore paradigms, usually through an association with health care, education, or the arts. The Browns’ contributions are typically funneled through the Eddie C. and C. Sylvia Brown Family Foundation. One beneficiary has been the Turning the Corner Achievement Program (TCAP), which focuses on attaining improved educational and social outcomes for inner-city Baltimore youths.The Browns’ foundation has committed $5 million to TCAP since 2002. Books and articles about <mask> An autobiographical book about <mask> titled Beating the Odds: <mask>’s Investing and Life Strategies was released in May 2011 (John Wiley & Sons, 240 pages). <mask> is also the subject of an article titled “Where to Find Reasonably Priced Growth Stocks” written by <mask>. Williams and published by Barrons on January 11, 2010. References External links <mask><mask> Website Brown Capital Management Website Johns Hopkins University: Brown Community Health Scholarship Website Baltimore Times: Top Money Manager <mask><mask> speaks about his Autobiography, ‘Beating the Odds,’ at BCCC <mask><mask> of Brown Capital Management named Loyola's Business Leader of the Year 2010 2011 Marylanders of the Year, <mask>. and S. <mask> 1940 births Living people American investors American nonprofit businesspeople American philanthropists Howard University alumni African-American investors New York University alumni Indiana University alumni People from Apopka, Florida 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

<mask> was born in 1940. Renowned for his stock-picking prowess, <mask> is the founder and president of Brown Capital Management, a Baltimore-based firm that has amassed more than $10 billion under management since it opened for business in 1983. <mask> and his wife, Sylvia, have given millions to various charitable causes under the auspices of the Baltimore-based Eddie C. and C. Sylvia Brown Family Foundation. In the central part of Florida, where agriculture dominated the local economy and Jim Crow laws kept blacks and whites separate, <mask> was born to 13-year-old <mask>. The mother of <mask> left town when she was 15. The socialization of <mask> was taken over by his grandparents and uncle. <mask>'s grandmother paid for a typewriter and typing lessons for him when he was in elementary school.She wanted him to avoid performing manual labor in the groves that supported his grandparents. <mask> can type 60 error-free words per minute. <mask> was taught how to drive a truck by his Uncle Jake when he was six years old. By the time he was 11, <mask> was piloting hotrods filled with white lightning, thanks to Jake, who ran a thriving moonshine enterprise in central Florida. <mask>'s mother relocated her son to Pennsylvania after a disapproving relative contacted her. <mask> was a top academic performer at an integrated high school. Out of a class of 760 students, he was one of five African Americans.<mask> had no realistic chance of going to college until a white woman who owned a casket making business offered to subsidize his higher education. <mask> did not meet his benefactor, whose offer was made through a proxy. He regrets never having thanked her face-to-face. Her kindness triggered a passion for philanthropy in <mask>. <mask> was able to earn a B.S. He received his electrical engineering degree from Howard University in 1961. After joining the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps program at Howard University, <mask> was called into Army service to fulfill a military obligation.<mask> joined IBM's Systems Development Division after two years on active duty as a Signal Corps officer. <mask> earned a master's degree in electrical engineering from New York University after five years designing computer circuits for large mainframe computers. During his time at IBM, <mask> was interested in finance and investing so he took advantage of the IBM management development program that allowed him to earn a degree from Indiana University in 1970. <mask> joined the money management firm in Columbus, Indiana, to learn everything he could about wealth creation and use it for his family. <mask> was a portfolio manager with T. Rowe Price when he moved to Baltimore in 1973. Brown Capital Management initially operated out of his suburban Baltimore home after he left a decade later. A valuation-conscious investor, <mask> put his company's focus on stocks offering growth-at-a-reasonable-price.Brown Capital Management caters to high-net-worth individuals, pension and profit sharing plans, charitable organizations and corporations. In the early years of Brown Capital Management, <mask>'s ability to attract investors received a boost when he became a regular panelist on the PBS financial television program. Ed is one of the most careful, and successful students of securities, and he gives us the specifics of what is on his list. Brown Capital Management has been in business for 30 years and occupies a three-story building in downtown Baltimore. <mask> is an active participant in the day-to-day operations of the company he founded. If you really enjoy it, like I do, it's not like work, it's like fun. <mask> married his college sweetheart from Howard University on August 11, 1962, in King William, Virginia.The family has two daughters and three grandsons. <mask> was rejected from helicopter flight school after his vision in one eye failed to pass visual acuity standards, despite his interest in aviation. After getting a private pilots license, <mask> stopped flying after his flights became too frequent for him to remain proficient. <mask> is a major collector of African-American art. <mask> has a primary residence in suburban Baltimore, as well as homes in Florida and Maine. The Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service is one of the awards Recognition <mask> has received. Maryland Life magazine named <mask> the 2006 Maryland of distinction.The founder of Brown Capital Management, Robert Ehrlich Jr., was recognized in a 2010 article for his dedication to improving the lives of others and making your communities better places to live. <mask> and his wife were both awarded Doctor of Humane Letters degrees from the University. The degrees were awarded during the ceremony. Politics <mask> has supported Democratic Party politicians and policies over the years, including the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama. <mask> and his wife, Sylvia, have supported causes that improve inner-city Baltimore, usually through an association with health care, education, or the arts. The Eddie C. and C. Sylvia Brown Family Foundation is where the contributions are usually made. The Turning the Corner Achievement Program focuses on attaining improved educational and social outcomes for inner-city Baltimore youths.TCAP has received $5 million from the foundation of the Browns. An autobiographical book about <mask> titled Beating the Odds: <mask>'s Investing and Life Strategies was released in May 2011. <mask>. Williams wrote an article titled "Where to Find Reasonably Priced Growth Stocks" about <mask>. <mask><mask> of Brown Capital Management named Loyola's Business.

2309106

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Sauguet

Henri Sauguet

Henri-Pierre Sauguet-Poupard (18 May 1901 – 22 June 1989) was a French composer. Born in Bordeaux, he adopted his mother's maiden name as part of his professional pseudonym. His output includes operas, ballets, four symphonies (1945, 1949, 1955, 1971), concertos, chamber and choral music and numerous songs, as well as film music. Although he experimented with musique concrète and expanded tonality, he remained opposed to particular systems and his music evolved little: he developed tonal or modal ideas in smooth curves, producing an art of clarity, simplicity and restraint. Career Sauguet started learning the piano at home when he was five years old. Later he was taught by the organist of the church of Sainte-Eulalie de Bordeaux. On the mobilization of his father in 1914, he was required to earn a living at a very young age. Eventually employed by the Prefecture of Montauban in 1919–1920, he formed a friendship with Joseph Canteloube, a former pupil of Vincent d'Indy. Together they collected and harmonized traditional songs under the title Chants d'Auvergne (Songs of Auvergne). During this period too he continued his musical education with local organists and himself served as organist at the small church of St-Vincent de Floirac just outside the city (1916–22). Sacred music, and especially organ arrangements, were to influence him for the rest of his life. One may instance the pieces he later wrote for organ and various combinations of instruments: Oraisons, with four saxophones (1976); Ne moriatur in aeternum, with trumpet (1979); Church Sonata, with string quintet (1985). When Henri Collet dubbed a group of Paris-based composers Les Six, Sauguet started writing to one of its members, Darius Milhaud. He also began to refer to himself and two Bordeaux friends, Louis Emié and Jean-Marcel Lizotte (another composer and a poet-musician), as 'Les Trois'. Their first concert took place on 12 December 1920. This included performances of works by 'Les Six' (Georges Auric, Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Germaine Tailleferre, Darius Milhaud and Francis Poulenc), together with "Erik Satie et la jeune musique française". Among compositions by all three local exponents of 'the young French music' were Sauguet's four-handed Danse nègre and his Pastorale pour piano. Sauguet's correspondence with Milhaud led to the composer asking to see some of his works. He wrote a piano suite called Trois Françaises (Three Frenchwomen) which so impressed Milhaud that he encouraged the young man to move to Paris. Arriving in October 1921, he found work as a secretary at the Guimet Museum. For some six years he studied composition with Charles Koechlin, whom he credits with helping him understand music within its own context and find his own voice. In 1923, together with three other admirers of Satie's music (Henri Clicquot-Pleyell, Roger Désormière, Maxime Jacob), Sauguet formed the 'School of Arcueil', named after the location of Satie's home. With his support, they had their first concert on 25 October 1923 at Théâtre des Champs-Elysées. In 1924 Erik Satie introduced Sauguet to Serge Diaghilev, the flamboyant impresario of the Ballets Russes, and he wrote his first ballet, Les Roses (Roses) that year. In 1927 Diaghilev's company produced the ballet La Chatte (The Cat) with music by Sauguet, which premiered in Monte Carlo on April 30. The story is about a young man who falls in love with a cat, which assumes a human form through the intervention of Aphrodite. As they make love, the cat-woman sees a mouse and cannot resist chasing it, whereupon she changes back into a cat. The work was choreographed by the young George Balanchine. Sauguet gained his greatest popularity with his ballets, of which he wrote over twenty. The best of these, and the work by which he is most known outside France, was Les Forains (1945) about a talented, slightly tattered, but ultimately hopeful travelling circus troupe. He also wrote numerous works for radio, television, stage, and film, and a large quantity of chamber and other instrumental works, including solos for harmonica and musical saw, but his particular talent was vocal music. He worked ten years on La chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1936) - based on Stendhal's novel - an opera that had a reputation in France as his most important work. Internationally, however, it was considered to be short on emotion and drama. Other operatic works include La Contrebasse (1930), La Gageure Imprévue (1942), Les Caprices de Marianne (1954) and Boule de Suif (1978). The war period brought a change to Sauguet's work, which had previously been marked by his high spirits. He used his reputation during this time to help his Jewish friends but lost the oldest-established among them, Max Jacob, who died in the Drancy internment camp. At the war's end he completed his Symphony No. 1, known as Expiatoire (Expiatory), in tribute to the war's innocent victims. This was followed by his 2nd Symphony, known as The Allegorical or The Seasons, in 1949. His 3rd Symphony is known as I.N.R. and his 4th, a meditation on old age written as he approached the age of seventy, as Du Troisième Age (The Third Age). In 1945 he contributed incidental music to the premiere of La Folle de Chaillot, by Jean Giraudoux. Sauguet worked as a music critic throughout the 1930s and 1940s. He founded the Composers Union, also devoting his time to Una Voce, an organization that works to preserve Latin and traditional chant in the Roman Catholic liturgy. Final years In 1956 Sauguet was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour and succeeded his friend Milhaud into the French Academy in 1976. Sauguet's personal partnership with a set designer and decorator of French theatre, Jacques Dupont, endured until the latter's death in 1978. When Sauguet died in Paris in 1989, he was buried at the Montmartre Cemetery in the same grave as Dupont and next to that of André Jolivet in Section 27, near the grave of Hector Berlioz. Sauguet's autobiography Musique, ma vie (Music, my life) was published posthumously in 1990. Selected recordings Les Forains and Tableaux de Paris - Toulouse Capitole Orchestra, Michel Plasson. His Master's Voice – C 069-16220 Symphonies (complete) - Moscow Symphony Orchestra, Antonio de Almeida. Marco Polo (Naxos) - recorded 1994 and 1995 Piano Concerto N° 1 in A minor - Vasso Devetzi (piano) - USSR Radio Orchestra, Gennady Rozhdestvensky & Les Forains - Lamoureux Orchestra, composer conducting. Le Chant Du Monde – LDX 78300 Divertissement de Chambre - soloists directed by the composer; Lune inconstante - Suzanne Lafaye (soprano), Paul Derenne (tenor), Sauguet (piano); Les Animaux et Leurs Hommes - Suzanne Lafaye (soprano), Sauguet (piano); Neiges - Paul Derenne (tenor), Sauguet (piano). Disques André Charlin CCPE 2 Les Caprices de Marianne - Andrée Esposito, Camille Maurane, Michel Sénéchal, Orchestre Radio-Lyrique, Manuel Rosenthal. Solstice SOCD 98/99 References External links Sauguet's biography, accessed 12/10/2008 1901 births 1989 deaths 20th-century classical composers 20th-century French composers 20th-century French male musicians French male classical composers French ballet composers French opera composers Ballets Russes composers Burials at Montmartre Cemetery LGBT musicians from France LGBT classical composers Male opera composers Officers of the National Order of Merit (France) Musicians from Bordeaux 20th-century LGBT people

<mask>-<mask> (18 May 1901 – 22 June 1989) was a French composer. Born in Bordeaux, he adopted his mother's maiden name as part of his professional pseudonym. His output includes operas, ballets, four symphonies (1945, 1949, 1955, 1971), concertos, chamber and choral music and numerous songs, as well as film music. Although he experimented with musique concrète and expanded tonality, he remained opposed to particular systems and his music evolved little: he developed tonal or modal ideas in smooth curves, producing an art of clarity, simplicity and restraint. Career Sauguet started learning the piano at home when he was five years old. Later he was taught by the organist of the church of Sainte-Eulalie de Bordeaux. On the mobilization of his father in 1914, he was required to earn a living at a very young age.Eventually employed by the Prefecture of Montauban in 1919–1920, he formed a friendship with Joseph Canteloube, a former pupil of Vincent d'Indy. Together they collected and harmonized traditional songs under the title Chants d'Auvergne (Songs of Auvergne). During this period too he continued his musical education with local organists and himself served as organist at the small church of St-Vincent de Floirac just outside the city (1916–22). Sacred music, and especially organ arrangements, were to influence him for the rest of his life. One may instance the pieces he later wrote for organ and various combinations of instruments: Oraisons, with four saxophones (1976); Ne moriatur in aeternum, with trumpet (1979); Church Sonata, with string quintet (1985). When <mask> dubbed a group of Paris-based composers Les Six, Sauguet started writing to one of its members, Darius Milhaud. He also began to refer to himself and two Bordeaux friends, Louis Emié and Jean-Marcel Lizotte (another composer and a poet-musician), as 'Les Trois'.Their first concert took place on 12 December 1920. This included performances of works by 'Les Six' (Georges Auric, Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Germaine Tailleferre, Darius Milhaud and Francis Poulenc), together with "Erik Satie et la jeune musique française". Among compositions by all three local exponents of 'the young French music' were <mask>'s four-handed Danse nègre and his Pastorale pour piano. <mask>'s correspondence with Milhaud led to the composer asking to see some of his works. He wrote a piano suite called Trois Françaises (Three Frenchwomen) which so impressed Milhaud that he encouraged the young man to move to Paris. Arriving in October 1921, he found work as a secretary at the Guimet Museum. For some six years he studied composition with Charles Koechlin, whom he credits with helping him understand music within its own context and find his own voice.In 1923, together with three other admirers of Satie's music (<mask>-Pleyell, Roger Désormière, Maxime Jacob), Sauguet formed the 'School of Arcueil', named after the location of Satie's home. With his support, they had their first concert on 25 October 1923 at Théâtre des Champs-Elysées. In 1924 Erik Satie introduced Sauguet to Serge Diaghilev, the flamboyant impresario of the Ballets Russes, and he wrote his first ballet, Les Roses (Roses) that year. In 1927 Diaghilev's company produced the ballet La Chatte (The Cat) with music by Sauguet, which premiered in Monte Carlo on April 30. The story is about a young man who falls in love with a cat, which assumes a human form through the intervention of Aphrodite. As they make love, the cat-woman sees a mouse and cannot resist chasing it, whereupon she changes back into a cat. The work was choreographed by the young George Balanchine.Sauguet gained his greatest popularity with his ballets, of which he wrote over twenty. The best of these, and the work by which he is most known outside France, was Les Forains (1945) about a talented, slightly tattered, but ultimately hopeful travelling circus troupe. He also wrote numerous works for radio, television, stage, and film, and a large quantity of chamber and other instrumental works, including solos for harmonica and musical saw, but his particular talent was vocal music. He worked ten years on La chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1936) - based on Stendhal's novel - an opera that had a reputation in France as his most important work. Internationally, however, it was considered to be short on emotion and drama. Other operatic works include La Contrebasse (1930), La Gageure Imprévue (1942), Les Caprices de Marianne (1954) and Boule de Suif (1978). The war period brought a change to Sauguet's work, which had previously been marked by his high spirits.He used his reputation during this time to help his Jewish friends but lost the oldest-established among them, Max Jacob, who died in the Drancy internment camp. At the war's end he completed his Symphony No. 1, known as Expiatoire (Expiatory), in tribute to the war's innocent victims. This was followed by his 2nd Symphony, known as The Allegorical or The Seasons, in 1949. His 3rd Symphony is known as I.N.R. and his 4th, a meditation on old age written as he approached the age of seventy, as Du Troisième Age (The Third Age). In 1945 he contributed incidental music to the premiere of La Folle de Chaillot, by Jean Giraudoux.Sauguet worked as a music critic throughout the 1930s and 1940s. He founded the Composers Union, also devoting his time to Una Voce, an organization that works to preserve Latin and traditional chant in the Roman Catholic liturgy. Final years In 1956 Sauguet was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour and succeeded his friend Milhaud into the French Academy in 1976. Sauguet's personal partnership with a set designer and decorator of French theatre, Jacques Dupont, endured until the latter's death in 1978. When Sauguet died in Paris in 1989, he was buried at the Montmartre Cemetery in the same grave as Dupont and next to that of André Jolivet in Section 27, near the grave of Hector Berlioz. Sauguet's autobiography Musique, ma vie (Music, my life) was published posthumously in 1990. Selected recordings Les Forains and Tableaux de Paris - Toulouse Capitole Orchestra, Michel Plasson.His Master's Voice – C 069-16220 Symphonies (complete) - Moscow Symphony Orchestra, Antonio de Almeida. Marco Polo (Naxos) - recorded 1994 and 1995 Piano Concerto N° 1 in A minor - Vasso Devetzi (piano) - USSR Radio Orchestra, Gennady Rozhdestvensky & Les Forains - Lamoureux Orchestra, composer conducting. Le Chant Du Monde – LDX 78300 Divertissement de Chambre - soloists directed by the composer; Lune inconstante - Suzanne Lafaye (soprano), Paul Derenne (tenor), Sauguet (piano); Les Animaux et Leurs Hommes - Suzanne Lafaye (soprano), Sauguet (piano); Neiges - Paul Derenne (tenor), Sauguet (piano). Disques André Charlin CCPE 2 Les Caprices de Marianne - Andrée Esposito, Camille Maurane, Michel Sénéchal, Orchestre Radio-Lyrique, Manuel Rosenthal. Solstice SOCD 98/99 References External links Sauguet's biography, accessed 12/10/2008 1901 births 1989 deaths 20th-century classical composers 20th-century French composers 20th-century French male musicians French male classical composers French ballet composers French opera composers Ballets Russes composers Burials at Montmartre Cemetery LGBT musicians from France LGBT classical composers Male opera composers Officers of the National Order of Merit (France) Musicians from Bordeaux 20th-century LGBT people

<mask>-<mask> was a French composer. His mother's maiden name was adopted as part of his professional name. His output includes operas, ballets, four symphonies, concertos, chamber and choral music, and numerous songs. Despite experimenting with musique concrte and expanded tonality, he remained opposed to particular systems and produced an art of clarity, simplicity and restraint. Career Sauguet started playing the piano when he was five years old. The organist of the church of Sainte-Eulalie de Bordeaux taught him. He was required to earn a living at a young age because of his father's actions in 1914.He was employed by the Prefecture of Montauban and formed a friendship with a former student. Chants d'Auvergne is a collection of traditional songs. He served as an organist at the small church of St-Vincent de Floirac just outside the city during this period. He was to be influenced by sacred music and organ arrangements for the rest of his life. He wrote a number of pieces for organ and various combinations of instruments. Sauguet began writing to one of the members of Les Six when they were called Les Six. He began to refer to himself and his friends as 'Les Trois'.Their first concert took place in December of 1920. This included performances of works by 'Les Six' (Georges Auric, Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Germaine Tailleferre, etc.). Sauguet's four-handed Danse ngre and his Pastorale pour piano were among compositions by all three local musicians. The composer was asked to see some of his works by Sauguet. He encouraged a young man to move to Paris because he liked the piano suite he wrote. He was a secretary at the Guimet Museum. He credits Charles Koechlin with helping him understand music within its own context and find his own voice.The 'School of Arcueil' was formed in 1923 by Sauguet and three other Satie admirers. Their first concert was held at the Thétre des Champs-Elysées. Satie introduced Sauguet to Serge Diaghilev, the impresario of the Ballets Russes, who wrote his first ballet, Les Roses (Roses). There was a ballet with music by Sauguet that was produced by Diaghilev's company in 1927. The story is about a young man who falls in love with a cat, which becomes a human through the intervention of Aphrodite. The cat-woman becomes a cat when she sees a mouse and chases it. George Balanchine choreographed the work.Sauguet wrote over twenty ballets. The best of these, and the work by which he is most known outside France, was Les Forains, about a talented, slightly tattered, but ultimately hopeful travelling circus troupe. He wrote numerous works for radio, television, stage, and film, and a large amount of chamber and other instrumental works, but his particular talent was vocal music. The opera La chartreuse de Parme was based on Stendhal's novel and had a reputation in France as his most important work. It was thought to be short on emotion and drama. Boule de Suif is one of the operatic works. Prior to the war, Sauguet's work was marked by his high spirits.He used his reputation to help his Jewish friends but lost the oldest one, Max Jacob, who died in the Drancy internment camp. He completed his symphony at the end of the war. Expiatoire is a tribute to the innocent victims of the war. His 2nd symphony was called The Allegorical in 1949. The 3rd symphony is called I.N.R. As he approached the age of seventy, he wrote a meditation on old age called Du Troisime Age. He contributed music to the premiere of La Folle de Chaillot.During the 1930s and 1940s, Sauguet was a music critic. He founded the Composers Union and also worked to preserve Latin and traditional chant in the Roman Catholic liturgy. In 1956 Sauguet was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour and in 1976 he joined the French Academy. Sauguet's personal partnership with a set designer and decorator of French theatre, Jacques Dupont, lasted until the latter's death in 1978. When Sauguet died in Paris in 1989, he was buried in the same cemetery as the other two men, next to the grave of André Jolivet and next to the grave of Hector Berlioz. Sauguet's autobiography was published in 1990. The Toulouse Capitole Orchestra has a collection of recordings.Antonio de Almeida is the conductor of the Moscow Symphony Orchestra. The 1994 and 1995 Piano Concerto N 1 in A minor was recorded by Marco Polo. Suzanne Lafaye is the soloist in Le Chant Du Monde - Divertissement de Chambre. The second edition of Les Caprices de Marianne is called Disques André Charlin. There are External links to Sauguet's biography.

37547620

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%20Maron

Jordan Maron

Jordan Maron (born February 10, 1992), also known by his online alias CaptainSparklez, is an American YouTuber, Twitch streamer, gamer, and electronic musician. Maron is primarily known for playing the video game Minecraft, which is featured on his main channel, CaptainSparklez, and the channel CaptainSparklez 2. His main channel is currently the 755th most-subscribed channel on YouTube with over 11.2 million subscribers as of August 2021. Maron's first channel, ProsDONTtalkSHIT, was created in February 2010 and featured gameplay from the video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. Maron later created his main channel CaptainSparklez in July 2010, uploading both Minecraft and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 gameplay before focusing mainly on Minecraft. Maron has produced several Minecraft-themed songs and music videos, most notably "Revenge", a parody of "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" by Usher, featuring vocals from himself and TryHardNinja. Other notable Minecraft music videos include his Fallen Kingdom tetralogy and "TNT". On his other channels, Maron also uploads reaction videos and gameplay of various other games including Fortnite and Trials Fusion. Maron is an electronic music enthusiast, having used tracks from the label Monstercat on gameplay videos. He has experimented with music production himself. On March 27, 2016, he created Maron Music, a music promotion channel where he would share other artists' music, as well as his own original music. "Moonbeam" was the first of his tracks to be uploaded to the channel. Beginning in early 2017, Maron uploaded videos featuring his reactions and commentary to various communities on Reddit. This led to a temporary decrease in Minecraft-related content. Maron ultimately decided they were not what his core audience enjoyed watching. He proceeded to create the channel Jordan Reacts, where he continued to upload Reddit reaction videos, and refocused on making Minecraft videos for his main channel. In January 2020, Maron announced his official clothing brand, Quality Content Athletics. Throughout 2020, it has sold various workout and lifestyle apparel. In July 2021, he rebranded QC Athletics to Quality Content. Early life Maron was born in Los Angeles, California. At four years old, he and his mother moved to Santa Barbara. He attended Santa Barbara High School, beginning in ninth grade. Maron then went to the University of California, Santa Barbara as a chemical engineering major. He decided to switch his major to computer science midway through his freshman year, based on his interest in video games. After the first quarter of his sophomore year, he dropped out. In December 2011, he made YouTube his full-time job. Career Maron owns a total of eleven YouTube channels. Four of his channels are currently active. On February 9, 2010, he created his first channel titled ProsDONTtalkSHIT (PDTS) where he primarily uploaded gameplay videos of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. When PDTS began to become more popular, Maron decided he wanted a less vulgar name. He created a new channel named CaptainSparklez on July 20, 2010, and left PDTS inactive. Nearly two years later in April 2012, the CaptainSparklez channel reached 1 million subscribers on YouTube. In September 2013, CaptainSparklez reached 1 billion video views, becoming the fifth solo YouTube gaming channel to reach the milestone behind PewDiePie, SkyDoesMinecraft, UberHaxorNova and TobyGames. On May 15, 2015, he created a channel called CaptainSparklez 2, where he uploaded unedited Twitch live streams and videos and other content he felt did not belong on his main channel. On March 27, 2016, he created Maron Music, a music promotion channel where he would share other artists' music, as well as his own original music. On February 9, 2017, Maron created a dedicated channel for personal vlogs. Maron later created "Fortnite Cinema", a channel which featured short films created in the game Fortnite Battle Royale. In early 2017, Maron began to upload videos featuring his reactions to top Reddit posts to his main channel. These reaction videos gained popularity, but Maron ultimately decided they were not what his core audience enjoyed watching. As a result, Maron created a new channel called Jordan Reacts on August 11, 2018, where he continued to upload Reddit reaction videos, and refocused on making Minecraft videos for his main channel. Maron's next channel is Jordan Games, where he uploads gameplay videos that would be irrelevant on his main channel. His newest channels are Jordan Lifts, featuring him lifting weights in his home gym, and SparkleShorts, containing small shots from various videos from the CaptainSparklez YouTube and Twitch channels. Maron was featured in the 2016 Forbes 30 Under 30 list. In June 2016, he made an appearance in the sixth episode of Minecraft: Story Mode. XREAL Maron started a mobile gaming company called XREAL with Howard Marks, co-founder and former CEO of Activision and co-founder of Acclaim Games and StartEngine. XREAL released their game Fortress Fury in May 2015, which received over 1.5 million downloads within its first month of launch. Fortress Fury was originally titled Fortress Fallout; however, ZeniMax Media, parent company of Bethesda Softworks, known for the Fallout series, sent a cease and desist letter which requested that XREAL "immediately expressly abandon the application for Fortress Fallout and cease any and all current or proposed use of any mark incorporating the term Fallout." The letter was sent to prevent competition in the mobile game market for their game Fallout Shelter. Maron and the XREAL's legal team were not informed of this, because Bethesda kept Shelter a secret at the time and did not reveal its existence until its release on June 14, 2015. Discography "TNT" On February 26, 2011, he released his first Minecraft music video, "TNT", a parody of Taio Cruz's "Dynamite", with vocals from singer TryHardNinja. In late 2015, the video was made private at the request of Maron's network and replaced by a new video with original music. In May 2018, the original video was made public again. The video is currently the fourth-most-viewed video on Maron's channel with over 106 million views, surpassing the number of views of the original song. "Revenge" On August 19, 2011, he released his second Minecraft music video titled "Revenge", which is a parody of Usher's "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love". The video has over 250 million views, making it the most viewed video on Maron's channel as well as the most viewed Minecraft-related video on YouTube. In late 2015, along with "TNT", it was made private and replaced by a new video with original music. In May 2018, along with "TNT", the original video and audio were restored. In July 2019, following the 10th anniversary of Minecraft, the song received renewed attention as an internet meme. This has led to "Revenge" reaching the number one spot on Genius' Top Songs chart. Maron acknowledged the song's popularity in November 2019, releasing a parody of Genius' lyric videos about "Revenge". Maron created a parody video called "Minecraft Style", based on "Gangnam Style" by South Korean entertainer PSY, that used animated Minecraft models. According to MSN, within a few days, it had more than a million views. The video was referenced in technology and gaming articles published by NBC, The Daily Telegraph, Mashable and the Huffington Post. Since its upload, the video has gained over 17 million views. Fallen Kingdom series Maron is also known for his Fallen Kingdom series of four Minecraft music videos. They depict a storyline of a king and his son of a fictional kingdom in the Minecraft universe. The first installment of the series, "Fallen Kingdom", was released on April 1, 2012. The video's music is a parody of the Coldplay song "Viva la Vida," with lyrics changed to fit elements of Minecraft as well as to tie into the narrative of the video, which shows a king wandering through a ruined town he once ruled, interspersed with flashbacks revealing what happened to the town. The video currently is the third-most-viewed video on Maron's channel, with over 122 million views. The second video in the series, "Take Back the Night", was released on August 31, 2013. The video, at over 130 million views, is the second-most-viewed video on Maron's channel, after "Revenge". The video contains the titular track, an original song by TryHardNinja, and tells the story of what happened to the son of the king from "Fallen Kingdom". It shows a prince, the son of the king in "Fallen Kingdom", being taken in and raised by villagers due to his father's absence, later pursuing and defeating the character Herobrine after an attack on the village. The third video in the series, "Find The Pieces", was released on April 25, 2015. The video currently has over 36 million views and is the fifth-most-viewed video on Maron's channel. The video contains another original song by TryHardNinja, called "Pieces", and is a continuation of the story of the king's son, who is looking for his father. In the course of the song, he leaves his village, and battles a Wither. He is reunited with his father at the music video's end. The fourth and final video in the series, "Dragonhearted", was released on November 19, 2016. The video currently has over 25 million views. The video contains yet another original TryHardNinja song, for which the video is named, and brings the tale of the king and his son to completion. The song ends with the self-sacrifice of the son. Various Minecraft music videos On May 27, 2017, Maron released a Minecraft music video for the song "Rush Over Me" by Seven Lions, Illenium, and Said the Sky, featuring vocalist Haliene. The video has gained over 3.2 million views. On September 9, 2017, Maron released a Minecraft music video for the song "We Are the Night” by Madison Mars, featuring vocalist Sanjana Ghosh. The upload has received over 3.1 million views. "Turn It Up" On January 13, 2018, Maron released "Turn It Up", an original Minecraft music video, again featuring vocals from TryHardNinja. Unlike his previous music videos, "Turn It Up" appears to take place in a modern city setting within Minecraft. Music released as Jordan Maron Singles Remixes Music released as featured artist Maron Music The following lists rank tracks and songs promoted under the Maron Music channel by views and plays. Top 10 YouTube uploads by views Top 10 SoundCloud tracks by plays Awards Nominated in 2016 Shorty Awards Notes A . B References External links CaptainSparklez, his main channel CaptainSparklez 2, his channel for archiving streams Jordan Maron, his vlog channel Maron Music, his music channel 1992 births American YouTubers Gaming YouTubers Living people Maker Studios people Male YouTubers Music YouTubers People from Santa Barbara, California Twitch (service) streamers Video game commentators Forbes 30 Under 30 recipients YouTube channels launched in 2010 Minecraft YouTubers

<mask> (born February 10, 1992), also known by his online alias CaptainSparklez, is an American YouTuber, Twitch streamer, gamer, and electronic musician. Maron is primarily known for playing the video game Minecraft, which is featured on his main channel, CaptainSparklez, and the channel CaptainSparklez 2. His main channel is currently the 755th most-subscribed channel on YouTube with over 11.2 million subscribers as of August 2021. <mask>'s first channel, ProsDONTtalkSHIT, was created in February 2010 and featured gameplay from the video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. Maron later created his main channel CaptainSparklez in July 2010, uploading both Minecraft and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 gameplay before focusing mainly on Minecraft. Maron has produced several Minecraft-themed songs and music videos, most notably "Revenge", a parody of "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" by Usher, featuring vocals from himself and TryHardNinja. Other notable Minecraft music videos include his Fallen Kingdom tetralogy and "TNT".On his other channels, <mask> also uploads reaction videos and gameplay of various other games including Fortnite and Trials Fusion. <mask> is an electronic music enthusiast, having used tracks from the label Monstercat on gameplay videos. He has experimented with music production himself. On March 27, 2016, he created Maron Music, a music promotion channel where he would share other artists' music, as well as his own original music. "Moonbeam" was the first of his tracks to be uploaded to the channel. Beginning in early 2017, Maron uploaded videos featuring his reactions and commentary to various communities on Reddit. This led to a temporary decrease in Minecraft-related content.<mask> ultimately decided they were not what his core audience enjoyed watching. He proceeded to create the channel Jordan Reacts, where he continued to upload Reddit reaction videos, and refocused on making Minecraft videos for his main channel. In January 2020, <mask> announced his official clothing brand, Quality Content Athletics. Throughout 2020, it has sold various workout and lifestyle apparel. In July 2021, he rebranded QC Athletics to Quality Content. Early life <mask> was born in Los Angeles, California. At four years old, he and his mother moved to Santa Barbara.He attended Santa Barbara High School, beginning in ninth grade. Maron then went to the University of California, Santa Barbara as a chemical engineering major. He decided to switch his major to computer science midway through his freshman year, based on his interest in video games. After the first quarter of his sophomore year, he dropped out. In December 2011, he made YouTube his full-time job. Career Maron owns a total of eleven YouTube channels. Four of his channels are currently active.On February 9, 2010, he created his first channel titled ProsDONTtalkSHIT (PDTS) where he primarily uploaded gameplay videos of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. When PDTS began to become more popular, Maron decided he wanted a less vulgar name. He created a new channel named CaptainSparklez on July 20, 2010, and left PDTS inactive. Nearly two years later in April 2012, the CaptainSparklez channel reached 1 million subscribers on YouTube. In September 2013, CaptainSparklez reached 1 billion video views, becoming the fifth solo YouTube gaming channel to reach the milestone behind PewDiePie, SkyDoesMinecraft, UberHaxorNova and TobyGames. On May 15, 2015, he created a channel called CaptainSparklez 2, where he uploaded unedited Twitch live streams and videos and other content he felt did not belong on his main channel. On March 27, 2016, he created Maron Music, a music promotion channel where he would share other artists' music, as well as his own original music.On February 9, 2017, <mask> created a dedicated channel for personal vlogs. Maron later created "Fortnite Cinema", a channel which featured short films created in the game Fortnite Battle Royale. In early 2017, Maron began to upload videos featuring his reactions to top Reddit posts to his main channel. These reaction videos gained popularity, but Maron ultimately decided they were not what his core audience enjoyed watching. As a result, <mask> created a new channel called Jordan Reacts on August 11, 2018, where he continued to upload Reddit reaction videos, and refocused on making Minecraft videos for his main channel. <mask>'s next channel is Jordan Games, where he uploads gameplay videos that would be irrelevant on his main channel. His newest channels are Jordan Lifts, featuring him lifting weights in his home gym, and SparkleShorts, containing small shots from various videos from the CaptainSparklez YouTube and Twitch channels.<mask> was featured in the 2016 Forbes 30 Under 30 list. In June 2016, he made an appearance in the sixth episode of Minecraft: Story Mode. XREAL Maron started a mobile gaming company called XREAL with Howard Marks, co-founder and former CEO of Activision and co-founder of Acclaim Games and StartEngine. XREAL released their game Fortress Fury in May 2015, which received over 1.5 million downloads within its first month of launch. Fortress Fury was originally titled Fortress Fallout; however, ZeniMax Media, parent company of Bethesda Softworks, known for the Fallout series, sent a cease and desist letter which requested that XREAL "immediately expressly abandon the application for Fortress Fallout and cease any and all current or proposed use of any mark incorporating the term Fallout." The letter was sent to prevent competition in the mobile game market for their game Fallout Shelter. Maron and the XREAL's legal team were not informed of this, because Bethesda kept Shelter a secret at the time and did not reveal its existence until its release on June 14, 2015.Discography "TNT" On February 26, 2011, he released his first Minecraft music video, "TNT", a parody of Taio Cruz's "Dynamite", with vocals from singer TryHardNinja. In late 2015, the video was made private at the request of Maron's network and replaced by a new video with original music. In May 2018, the original video was made public again. The video is currently the fourth-most-viewed video on Maron's channel with over 106 million views, surpassing the number of views of the original song. "Revenge" On August 19, 2011, he released his second Minecraft music video titled "Revenge", which is a parody of Usher's "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love". The video has over 250 million views, making it the most viewed video on Maron's channel as well as the most viewed Minecraft-related video on YouTube. In late 2015, along with "TNT", it was made private and replaced by a new video with original music.In May 2018, along with "TNT", the original video and audio were restored. In July 2019, following the 10th anniversary of Minecraft, the song received renewed attention as an internet meme. This has led to "Revenge" reaching the number one spot on Genius' Top Songs chart. <mask> acknowledged the song's popularity in November 2019, releasing a parody of Genius' lyric videos about "Revenge". Maron created a parody video called "Minecraft Style", based on "Gangnam Style" by South Korean entertainer PSY, that used animated Minecraft models. According to MSN, within a few days, it had more than a million views. The video was referenced in technology and gaming articles published by NBC, The Daily Telegraph, Mashable and the Huffington Post.Since its upload, the video has gained over 17 million views. Fallen Kingdom series <mask> is also known for his Fallen Kingdom series of four Minecraft music videos. They depict a storyline of a king and his son of a fictional kingdom in the Minecraft universe. The first installment of the series, "Fallen Kingdom", was released on April 1, 2012. The video's music is a parody of the Coldplay song "Viva la Vida," with lyrics changed to fit elements of Minecraft as well as to tie into the narrative of the video, which shows a king wandering through a ruined town he once ruled, interspersed with flashbacks revealing what happened to the town. The video currently is the third-most-viewed video on Maron's channel, with over 122 million views. The second video in the series, "Take Back the Night", was released on August 31, 2013.The video, at over 130 million views, is the second-most-viewed video on Maron's channel, after "Revenge". The video contains the titular track, an original song by TryHardNinja, and tells the story of what happened to the son of the king from "Fallen Kingdom". It shows a prince, the son of the king in "Fallen Kingdom", being taken in and raised by villagers due to his father's absence, later pursuing and defeating the character Herobrine after an attack on the village. The third video in the series, "Find The Pieces", was released on April 25, 2015. The video currently has over 36 million views and is the fifth-most-viewed video on Maron's channel. The video contains another original song by TryHardNinja, called "Pieces", and is a continuation of the story of the king's son, who is looking for his father. In the course of the song, he leaves his village, and battles a Wither.He is reunited with his father at the music video's end. The fourth and final video in the series, "Dragonhearted", was released on November 19, 2016. The video currently has over 25 million views. The video contains yet another original TryHardNinja song, for which the video is named, and brings the tale of the king and his son to completion. The song ends with the self-sacrifice of the son. Various Minecraft music videos On May 27, 2017, Maron released a Minecraft music video for the song "Rush Over Me" by Seven Lions, Illenium, and Said the Sky, featuring vocalist Haliene. The video has gained over 3.2 million views.On September 9, 2017, <mask> released a Minecraft music video for the song "We Are the Night” by Madison Mars, featuring vocalist Sanjana Ghosh. The upload has received over 3.1 million views. "Turn It Up" On January 13, 2018, <mask> released "Turn It Up", an original Minecraft music video, again featuring vocals from TryHardNinja. Unlike his previous music videos, "Turn It Up" appears to take place in a modern city setting within Minecraft. Music released as <mask>on Singles Remixes Music released as featured artist Maron Music The following lists rank tracks and songs promoted under the Maron Music channel by views and plays. Top 10 YouTube uploads by views Top 10 SoundCloud tracks by plays Awards Nominated in 2016 Shorty Awards Notes A . B References External links CaptainSparklez, his main channel CaptainSparklez 2, his channel for archiving streams Jordan Maron, his vlog channel Maron Music, his music channel 1992 births American YouTubers Gaming YouTubers Living people Maker Studios people Male YouTubers Music YouTubers People from Santa Barbara, California Twitch (service) streamers Video game commentators Forbes 30 Under 30 recipients YouTube channels launched in 2010 Minecraft YouTubers

<mask> (born February 10, 1992) is an American video game streamer, musician, and online personality. Maron is known for playing the video game "Minecraft", which is featured on his main channel, CaptainSparklez. His main channel has over 11 million subscribers and is currently the 755th most-subscribed. The video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 was featured in the first channel created by <mask>. <mask> created his main channel in July of 2010 and uploaded both Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 and Minecraft. "Revenge", a parody of "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" by Usher, featuring vocals from himself and TryHardNinja, was produced by Maron. His music videos include Fallen Kingdom and TNT.<mask> also has reaction videos on his other channels. <mask> uses tracks from the label Monstercat on his videos. He has been experimenting with music production. On March 27, 2016 he created Maron Music, a music promotion channel where he would share other artists' music, as well as his own original music. The first track to be uploaded was "Moonbeam". <mask> uploaded videos featuring his reactions and commentary to various communities. There was a temporary decrease in Minecraft-related content.They weren't what <mask>'s core audience enjoyed watching. He created a channel called Jordan Reactions, where he continued to make videos for his main channel. Quality Content Athletics was Maron's official clothing brand. Throughout the year, it has sold workout and lifestyle apparel. Quality Content was rebranded in July 2021. <mask> was born in Los Angeles. He and his mother moved to Santa Barbara when he was four years old.He was a student at Santa Barbara High School. Maron majored in chemical engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He switched his major to computer science because of his interest in video games. He dropped out after the first quarter of his sophomore year. He became a full-time employee of YouTube in December 2011. Career Maron owns a number of channels. Four of his channels are active.On February 9, 2010, he created his first channel, called ProsDONTtalkSHIT (PDTS), where he mainly uploaded videos of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. Maron wanted a less offensive name when PDTS became more popular. On July 20, 2010, he created a new channel called CaptainSparklez. In April of 2012 the CaptainSparklez channel reached 1 million subscribers. The fifth solo gaming channel to reach 1 billion video views was CaptainSparklez. On May 15, 2015, he created a channel called CaptainSparklez 2, where he uploaded live streams and videos that he felt did not belong on his main channel. On March 27, 2016 he created Maron Music, a music promotion channel where he would share other artists' music, as well as his own original music.Maron created a channel for personal vlogs. "Fortnite Cinema" was created by Maron and featured short films created in the game. Maron began uploading videos with his reactions to top posts to his main channel. Maron decided that the reaction videos were not what his core audience enjoyed watching. On August 11, 2018, Maron created a new channel called Jordan Reactions, where he continued to make videos for his main channel. <mask> has a new channel called Jordan Games, where he uploads games that would be irrelevant on his main channel. He has two new channels, Jordan Lifts and SparkleShorts, which feature him lifting weights in his home gym.The Forbes 30 Under 30 list features Maron. He made an appearance in the sixth episode of story mode. XREAL Maron and Howard Marks started a mobile gaming company called XREAL. Fortress Fury received over 1.5 million downloads in its first month of release. ZeniMax Media, parent company of Bethesda Softworks, sent a cease and desist letter to XREAL, requesting that they abandon the application for Fortress Fallout and cease any and all current or proposed use of any. The letter was sent to stop competition in the mobile game market. Maron and the XREAL's legal team didn't know that Shelter was a secret until June 14, 2015, when it was released.A parody of Taio Cruz's "Dynamite" was released on February 26, 2011. In late 2015, the video was made private at the request of Maron's network and replaced by a new video with original music. The original video was made public again. The video is the fourth most-viewed video on Maron's channel with over 106 million views. He released a parody of "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" on August 19, 2011. The video has over 250 million views, making it the most watched video on Maron's channel. It was made private and replaced by a new video with original music.The original video and audio were restored in May. The song received renewed attention as an internet meme in July of 2019. "Revenge" reached the number one spot on Genius' Top Songs chart. <mask> released a parody of Genius' lyric videos about "Revenge". A parody video called "Minecraft Style" was created by Maron, based on "Gangnam Style" by PSY. It had more than a million views within a few days. NBC, The Daily Telegraph, Mashable, and the Huffington Post all published articles about the video.The video has gained 17 million views since it was uploaded. <mask> is known for his Fallen Kingdom series of music videos. They depict a storyline of a king and his son. "Fallen Kingdom" was released on April 1, 2012 The video's music is a parody of the song " Viva la Vida," with lyrics changed to fit elements of the game, as well as to tie into the narrative of the video, which shows a king wandering through a ruined town he once ruled. The video is the third most-viewed video on <mask>'s channel. "Take Back the Night" was the second video in the series.The second-most-viewed video on Maron's channel is "Revenge". The story of what happened to the son of the king from "Fallen Kingdom" is told in the video. It shows a prince, the son of the king in "Fallen Kingdom", being taken in and raised by villagers due to his father's absence, later pursuing and defeating the character Herobrine after an attack on the village. The third video in the series was released on April 25, 2015. The video is the fifth most-viewed video on Maron's channel. A continuation of the story of the king's son who is looking for his father is contained in the video. He leaves his village and battles a Wither in the song.The father and son are together at the end of the video. "Dragonhearted" was the fourth and final video in the series. The video has over 25 million views. The tale of the king and his son is complete after the video contains another TryHardNinja song. The song ends with the sacrifice of the son. On May 27, 2017, Maron released a music video for the song "Rush Over Me" by Seven Lions, Illenium, and Said the Sky. The video has over three million views.On September 9, 2017, <mask> released a music video for the song "We Are the Night" by Madison Mars. The uploaded video has received over three million views. Maron released a music video called "Turn It Up" on January 13, 2018, featuring vocals from TryHardNinja. The music video for "Turn It Up" appears to take place in a modern city. The tracks and songs promoted under the Maron Music channel are ranked by views and plays. There are 10 tracks nominated for the 2016 Shorty Awards. <mask>, his vlog channel Maron Music, his music channel 1992 births American YouTubers and people from Santa Barbara.

2838975

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Bouillet

Bruce Bouillet

Bruce Allan Bouillet (; born February 3, 1965, in Memphis, TN) is an American guitarist. He has played guitar for a variety of bands, most notably Racer X, The Scream, DC-10, and Epidemic. Bouillet is known for his technically proficient playing style and speed. Early life Bruce Bouillet was born on a naval base in Memphis, Tennessee, and relocated to Vincennes, Indiana at a very young age. His father, a bluegrass player, exposed him early on to country and bluegrass music. At age 12, Bouillet saw Judas Priest open for KISS on the Unleashed in the East Tour, thinking they were a religious band, and immediately committed himself to becoming a guitar player with the full support of his parents. Shortly afterwards, his parents bought him his first guitar and amp. A problem child who spent most of his time at home, Bouillet spent a commanding amount of his time practicing the guitar. After gaining a presence in the local rock scene, he desired to seek greater success in Los Angeles (dissuaded by the cold winter climates of Chicago and New York City). As he was nearing his high school graduation, he saw an ad in a guitar magazine for the GIT (Guitar Institute of Technology) at Musician's Institute in Hollywood and moved west. Racer X In the mid-1980s, Bouillet was a student at GIT. On his first day, he saw Racer X guitarist Paul Gilbert, then 17 years old, playing his graduation performance with the first Racer X lineup. Bouillet, starstruck, filled out a questionnaire and demanded to learn the techniques that he'd seen onstage. Shortly after, Gilbert became an instructor at GIT and was assigned to Bruce as his private tutor. Bruce would rigorously practice the sequences that Gilbert demonstrated to him, and they became friends due to their similar senses of humor. One day, he passed by an open counseling that Gilbert was giving and was subsequently invited in. Gilbert was demonstrating a difficult and innovative string-skipping sequence, and Bruce was able to harmonize it on the spot. Bouillet would later refer to this performance as "the luckiest break I've ever had." He was immediately given a copy of Street Lethal by Gilbert and invited to an audition as the second guitar player in Racer X. Despite his confidence that he would not get the job, Bouillet was assisted by Gilbert when he had difficulty figuring out guitar parts on the record. Finally, in 1986, Bouillet was added as the second guitarist and began touring the local club scene. While touring with Racer X, Bouillet was also a sought-after instructor at GIT alongside Gilbert and Russ Parrish. In winter of 1986, Racer X recorded their sophomore album, Second Heat, with compositions relying more on harmonized and dueling guitar solos. In order to perform these songs live, Paul and Bruce would often practice for 8 hours a day due to the technically demanding nature of the lead parts. During touring for Second Heat, the band recorded the Extreme Volume live album and Paul Gilbert was approached by Talas bassist Billy Sheehan with the proposition of forming a band. Their union would later crystallize into Mr. Big, and Paul quit Racer X shortly after. Racer X continued without Gilbert for a short time, his replacement being Guitar Spotlight guitarist Chris Arvan. However, Bouillet later became jaded at Racer X's marketability when they failed to sell out a 1200-seat club on a weekday. Additionally, he had become afflicted with both tinnitus and carpal tunnel syndrome and missed several Racer X shows towards the end of their original run. With all the members of Racer X ready to move on to other projects, the band played its final show at the Omni in Oakland, California and broke up. Bouillet played on Racer X's Second Heat, Live Extreme - Vol.I, and Live Extreme - Vol. II. After leaving the band, he joined former Angora singer John Corabi, and his former Racer X bandmates John Alderete and Scott Travis to form the band The Scream. Scott Travis soon left to join Judas Priest and was replaced by Walt Woodward III. During a tour in Europe, John Alderete showed Bruce albums by the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Nirvana, leading him to realize that the musical landscape was changing in a way that would not bode well for a Los Angeles rock band. That day, Bouillet and Alderete got into a significant fight with Woodward and Corabi about the band's future marketability. The Scream broke up shortly after. 2001-present Bouillet formed the band Epidemic on Elektra Records in 2001. In June 2002, the band released their self-titled album. They toured as the opening act for Breaking Benjamin, Hatebreed, Seether, Jerry Cantrell, and other bands. They also released a single off that album, titled "Walk Away", which cracked the Top 40 Active Rock chart higher than acts like Tonic, and Eighteen Visions. "Walk Away" also appeared on the Madden NFL: 2003 video game. That same year, the group disbanded. After Epidemic, Bouillet produced theme music for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) wrestler, Triple H. The WWE album went gold. In 2005, Bouillet won a Grammy for his work with Bob Kulick on the production, recording, and mixing Motörhead's cover of Metallica's "Whiplash". From 2005-2007, he joined with Bottom Dwellerz Productions and co-produced the Bottom Dwellerz album. It was announced on 8/9/2011 that Bouillet had become the new guitarist of Asia, featuring John Payne. In 2013, he released an Instrumental album The Order Of Control on Mascot Records. G3 Tour Bouillet completed a G3 tour that featured Paul Gilbert, John Petrucci, and Joe Satriani. Bouillet was in Gilbert's band for the tour. Personal life Bouillet has two brothers, Aaron and Brian. He has a daughter, Tara, two nieces, Anna and Danielle, and three nephews, Evan, Chandler, Blair. Discography With Racer X Second Heat (1987) Extreme Volume Live (1988) Extreme Volume II Live (1992) With The Scream Let It Scream (1991) Takin' It To The Next Level (unreleased) With DC-10 Co-Burn (1995) With Paul Gilbert solo King of Clubs (1998) Flying Dog (1998) With Epidemic "Epidemic" With The Bottom Dwellerz "Cracks Of The Concrete" (2006) "Old New Orleans - Autographed Charity Edition" (2006) Solo Unspoken (2007) Interventions (2008) Interventions (Japan Release, 2009) The Order of Control (2013) References American heavy metal guitarists Racer X (band) members The Scream (band) members Living people Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee 1965 births Guitarists from Tennessee American male guitarists 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American male musicians

<mask> (; born February 3, 1965, in Memphis, TN) is an American guitarist. He has played guitar for a variety of bands, most notably Racer X, The Scream, DC-10, and Epidemic. Bouillet is known for his technically proficient playing style and speed. Early life <mask> was born on a naval base in Memphis, Tennessee, and relocated to Vincennes, Indiana at a very young age. His father, a bluegrass player, exposed him early on to country and bluegrass music. At age 12, Bouillet saw Judas Priest open for KISS on the Unleashed in the East Tour, thinking they were a religious band, and immediately committed himself to becoming a guitar player with the full support of his parents. Shortly afterwards, his parents bought him his first guitar and amp.A problem child who spent most of his time at home, <mask> spent a commanding amount of his time practicing the guitar. After gaining a presence in the local rock scene, he desired to seek greater success in Los Angeles (dissuaded by the cold winter climates of Chicago and New York City). As he was nearing his high school graduation, he saw an ad in a guitar magazine for the GIT (Guitar Institute of Technology) at Musician's Institute in Hollywood and moved west. Racer X In the mid-1980s, <mask> was a student at GIT. On his first day, he saw Racer X guitarist Paul Gilbert, then 17 years old, playing his graduation performance with the first Racer X lineup. <mask>, starstruck, filled out a questionnaire and demanded to learn the techniques that he'd seen onstage. Shortly after, Gilbert became an instructor at GIT and was assigned to <mask> as his private tutor.<mask> would rigorously practice the sequences that Gilbert demonstrated to him, and they became friends due to their similar senses of humor. One day, he passed by an open counseling that Gilbert was giving and was subsequently invited in. Gilbert was demonstrating a difficult and innovative string-skipping sequence, and <mask> was able to harmonize it on the spot. <mask> would later refer to this performance as "the luckiest break I've ever had." He was immediately given a copy of Street Lethal by Gilbert and invited to an audition as the second guitar player in Racer X. Despite his confidence that he would not get the job, <mask> was assisted by Gilbert when he had difficulty figuring out guitar parts on the record. Finally, in 1986, <mask> was added as the second guitarist and began touring the local club scene.While touring with Racer X, <mask> was also a sought-after instructor at GIT alongside Gilbert and Russ Parrish. In winter of 1986, Racer X recorded their sophomore album, Second Heat, with compositions relying more on harmonized and dueling guitar solos. In order to perform these songs live, Paul and <mask> would often practice for 8 hours a day due to the technically demanding nature of the lead parts. During touring for Second Heat, the band recorded the Extreme Volume live album and Paul Gilbert was approached by Talas bassist Billy Sheehan with the proposition of forming a band. Their union would later crystallize into Mr. Big, and Paul quit Racer X shortly after. Racer X continued without Gilbert for a short time, his replacement being Guitar Spotlight guitarist Chris Arvan. However, Bouillet later became jaded at Racer X's marketability when they failed to sell out a 1200-seat club on a weekday.Additionally, he had become afflicted with both tinnitus and carpal tunnel syndrome and missed several Racer X shows towards the end of their original run. With all the members of Racer X ready to move on to other projects, the band played its final show at the Omni in Oakland, California and broke up. <mask> played on Racer X's Second Heat, Live Extreme - Vol.I, and Live Extreme - Vol. II. After leaving the band, he joined former Angora singer John Corabi, and his former Racer X bandmates John Alderete and Scott Travis to form the band The Scream. Scott Travis soon left to join Judas Priest and was replaced by Walt Woodward III. During a tour in Europe, John Alderete showed Bruce albums by the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Nirvana, leading him to realize that the musical landscape was changing in a way that would not bode well for a Los Angeles rock band.That day, <mask> and Alderete got into a significant fight with Woodward and Corabi about the band's future marketability. The Scream broke up shortly after. 2001-present <mask> formed the band Epidemic on Elektra Records in 2001. In June 2002, the band released their self-titled album. They toured as the opening act for Breaking Benjamin, Hatebreed, Seether, Jerry Cantrell, and other bands. They also released a single off that album, titled "Walk Away", which cracked the Top 40 Active Rock chart higher than acts like Tonic, and Eighteen Visions. "Walk Away" also appeared on the Madden NFL: 2003 video game.That same year, the group disbanded. After Epidemic, Bouillet produced theme music for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) wrestler, Triple H. The WWE album went gold. In 2005, <mask> won a Grammy for his work with Bob Kulick on the production, recording, and mixing Motörhead's cover of Metallica's "Whiplash". From 2005-2007, he joined with Bottom Dwellerz Productions and co-produced the Bottom Dwellerz album. It was announced on 8/9/2011 that Bouillet had become the new guitarist of Asia, featuring John Payne. In 2013, he released an Instrumental album The Order Of Control on Mascot Records. G3 Tour Bouillet completed a G3 tour that featured Paul Gilbert, John Petrucci, and Joe Satriani.<mask> was in Gilbert's band for the tour. Personal life <mask> has two brothers, Aaron and Brian. He has a daughter, Tara, two nieces, Anna and Danielle, and three nephews, Evan, Chandler, Blair. Discography With Racer X Second Heat (1987) Extreme Volume Live (1988) Extreme Volume II Live (1992) With The Scream Let It Scream (1991) Takin' It To The Next Level (unreleased) With DC-10 Co-Burn (1995) With Paul Gilbert solo King of Clubs (1998) Flying Dog (1998) With Epidemic "Epidemic" With The Bottom Dwellerz "Cracks Of The Concrete" (2006) "Old New Orleans - Autographed Charity Edition" (2006) Solo Unspoken (2007) Interventions (2008) Interventions (Japan Release, 2009) The Order of Control (2013) References American heavy metal guitarists Racer X (band) members The Scream (band) members Living people Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee 1965 births Guitarists from Tennessee American male guitarists 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American male musicians

<mask> was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Racer X, The Scream, DC-10, and Epidemic are some of the bands he has played in. Bouillet has a good playing style and speed. <mask> was born in Memphis, Tennessee and moved to Vincennes, Indiana at a young age. He was exposed to country and bluegrass music by his father. Bouillet thought Judas Priest were a religious band when he saw them open for KISS in the East Tour. His parents bought him a guitar and amplifier.<mask> was a problem child who spent most of his time at home. The cold winter climates of Chicago and New York City discouraged him from seeking greater success in Los Angeles. He moved west after seeing an ad in a guitar magazine for the GIT at Musician's Institute in Hollywood. <mask> was a student at GIT. Paul Gilbert was 17 years old when he saw Racer X guitarist on his first day. Bouillet filled out a questionnaire and demanded to learn the techniques he had seen. <mask> was assigned to Gilbert as his private tutor after Gilbert became an instructor at GIT.<mask> and Gilbert both had similar senses of humor and they became friends because of it. He passed by an open counseling that Gilbert was giving and was invited in. <mask> was able to harmonize Gilbert's string-skipping sequence on the spot. <mask> referred to this performance as the luckiest break of his life. He was invited to an auditioning as the second guitar player in Racer X after he received a copy of Street Lethal by Gilbert. <mask> was assisted by Gilbert when he had trouble figuring out guitar parts on the record, despite his confidence that he wouldn't get the job. <mask> was added as the second guitarist in 1986 and began touring the local club scene.While touring with Racer X, <mask> was also an instructor at GIT. Racer X's sophomore album, Second Heat, was recorded in the winter of 1986. Due to the technically demanding nature of the lead parts, Paul and <mask> would practice for 8 hours a day. After recording the Extreme Volume live album, Paul Gilbert was approached by Billy Sheehan with the idea of forming a band. Paul quit Racer X after their union became Mr. Big. Chris Arvan replaced Gilbert for a short time. Bouillet became tired of Racer X's marketability when they failed to sell out a club on a weekday.He was afflicted with both carpal tunnel syndrome and tinnitus and missed several Racer X shows. Racer X broke up after playing its final show at the Omni in Oakland, California. Racer X's Second Heat, Live Extreme - Vol.I, and Live Extreme - Vol. I were played by Bouillet. I. After leaving the band, he joined a group of people, including a former Angora singer and a former Racer X bandmates. Scott was replaced by Walt Woodward III. The musical landscape was changing in a way that would not bode well for a Los Angeles rock band when John showed <mask> albums by the Red Hot Chili Peppers.The band got into a fight with Woodward and Corabi about their future marketability. Shortly after, the Scream broke up. <mask> formed the band Epidemic. The band's self-titled album was released in 2002. They were the opening act for many bands. They also released a single off that album, titled "Walk Away", which cracked the Top 40 Active Rock chart higher than acts like Tonic, and Eighteen Visions. "Walk Away" is a song in the Madden NFL: 2003 video game.The group dissolved that year. The theme music for Triple H went gold. <mask> won a gramophone in 2005 for his work on the production, recording, and mixing of "Whiplash". He co-produced the Bottom Dwellerz album. John Payne was announced as the new guitarist of Asia on August 9, 2011. The Order of Control was released on Mascot Records. The G3 tour featured Paul Gilbert, John Petrucci, and Joe Satriani.<mask> was in Gilbert's band. <mask> has two brothers. He has a daughter, Tara, two nieces, Anna and Danielle, and three nephews. Discography with Racer X Second Heat, Extreme Volume Live (1988), Extreme Volume II Live (1992), Takin' It To The Next Level, and Flying Dog.

41242495

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connor%20Cook

Connor Cook

Connor Cook (born January 29, 1993) is an American football quarterback who is a free agent. He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans and was their starting quarterback from 2013 to 2015. He holds the record for most career wins at Michigan State. Cook was selected in the fourth round of the 2016 NFL Draft by the Oakland Raiders. After initially serving as the third-string backup to Derek Carr and Matt McGloin, Cook played in his first NFL game in the Raiders' last regular season game of the 2016 NFL season after Carr and McGloin suffered injuries. Following this, he was named the starter for the Raiders' playoff game against the Houston Texans and became the first quarterback in NFL history to make his first career start in a playoff game. Early years Cook was born in Parma Heights, Ohio, on January 29, 1993. Cook is from an athletic family: His father, Chris, played football at Indiana; his mother, Donna, played basketball at Cincinnati; and his older sister, Jackie, played basketball at Old Dominion. Cook attended Walsh Jesuit High School in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. He was ranked as the nation's 13th best quarterback recruit by Rivals.com. College career Upon enrolling at Michigan State, Cook was redshirted as a freshman in 2011. He spent the 2012 season as a backup to Andrew Maxwell. After Maxwell was benched, Cook helped lead the team to a win in the 2012 Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl, completing four of 11 passes for 47 yards and a touchdown. Overall, he appeared in three games, completing nine of 17 passes for 94 yards with a touchdown and an interception. He entered the 2013 season as the backup to Maxwell again. After Maxwell struggled, Cook took over as the starter after the first game and remained the starter the rest of the year. He led Michigan State to a 34-24 victory over the Ohio State Buckeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game and was named MVP after throwing for 304 yards with three touchdowns. He then led the Spartans to a 24–20 victory over Stanford in the 2014 Rose Bowl. He was named the offensive MVP after throwing for 332 yards and two touchdowns. Cook finished the season with 2,755 passing yards and 22 touchdowns. As a junior in 2014, Cook passed 3,214 yards with 24 touchdowns. He led the Spartans to 2015 Cotton Bowl, where they defeated the higher-ranked Baylor Bears, 42–41. As a senior in 2015 Cook led the Spartans to a 16–13 win over the Iowa Hawkeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game and was named MVP for the second time in three years. The victory in that Big Ten Championship Game earned them a spot in the College Football Playoff (2015 Cotton Bowl), where they lost to the Alabama Crimson Tide, 38–0. Cook finished the season with 3,131 passing yards and 24 touchdowns, completing 56% of his passes. He won the 2015 Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award as the nation's outstanding senior or fourth year quarterback. For his career, he completed 673 of 1,170 passes for a school record 9,194 yards with 71 touchdowns and 22 interceptions. College statistics Professional career Oakland Raiders Cook was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the fourth round with the 100th pick in the 2016 NFL Draft. He was the seventh quarterback chosen in the draft. On May 9, 2016, the Raiders signed Cook to a 4-year, $2.95 million contract with a signing bonus of $619,890. Cook began his rookie season for the Raiders as the third-string quarterback on the depth chart behind starter Derek Carr and second-stringer Matt McGloin. On December 24, 2016, Cook was raised to backup quarterback after Carr suffered a season-ending right fibula injury. On January 1, 2017, Cook made his NFL debut, entering the game late in the first half after starter McGloin suffered a shoulder injury. He played for the remainder of the game. In the third quarter, he threw his first NFL touchdown, a 32-yard pass to wide receiver Amari Cooper. He completed 14 of 21 passes for 150 passing yards, a touchdown, and an interception as the Raiders lost to the Denver Broncos by a score of 24–6. On January 4, Cook was named the starter for the AFC Wildcard Game against the Houston Texans. McGloin was limited in practice due to his injury but was still active as Cook's backup for the playoff game. Cook became the first quarterback in the Super Bowl era to make his first career start in a playoff game. On January 7, 2017, in the AFC Wildcard Game against the Texans, in a game plagued by drops by Raider receivers, Cook completed 18 of 45 passes for 161 yards, one touchdown, and three interceptions as the Raiders lost 27–14. In the loss, he threw his first career postseason touchdown to Andre Holmes in the fourth quarter. Cook saw no action in 2017 as the third-string quarterback behind Carr and new second-stringer EJ Manuel. He was only active for one game the whole season. On September 1, 2018, Cook was released after the Raiders traded for A. J. McCarron. Carolina Panthers On September 6, 2018, Cook was signed to the Carolina Panthers' practice squad. He was released on October 9, 2018. Cincinnati Bengals Cook was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals to their practice squad on November 5, 2018. Detroit Lions On January 1, 2019, Cook signed a reserve/future contract with the Detroit Lions. In June 2019, the Lions released Cook and signed Quarterback David Fales. Houston Roughnecks Cook was drafted in the 1st round with the second pick of the 2020 XFL Draft by the Houston Roughnecks. However, Cook lost the quarterback competition to assigned player P.J. Walker and assumed the backup position. He had his contract terminated when the league suspended operations on April 10, 2020. Career statistics Regular season Postseason References External links Michigan State Spartans bio 1993 births Living people People from Hinckley, Ohio Sportspeople from Greater Cleveland Players of American football from Ohio American football quarterbacks Michigan State Spartans football players Oakland Raiders players Carolina Panthers players Cincinnati Bengals players Detroit Lions players Houston Roughnecks players

<mask> (born January 29, 1993) is an American football quarterback who is a free agent. He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans and was their starting quarterback from 2013 to 2015. He holds the record for most career wins at Michigan State. <mask> was selected in the fourth round of the 2016 NFL Draft by the Oakland Raiders. After initially serving as the third-string backup to Derek Carr and Matt McGloin, <mask> played in his first NFL game in the Raiders' last regular season game of the 2016 NFL season after Carr and McGloin suffered injuries. Following this, he was named the starter for the Raiders' playoff game against the Houston Texans and became the first quarterback in NFL history to make his first career start in a playoff game. Early years <mask> was born in Parma Heights, Ohio, on January 29, 1993.<mask> is from an athletic family: His father, Chris, played football at Indiana; his mother, Donna, played basketball at Cincinnati; and his older sister, Jackie, played basketball at Old Dominion. <mask> attended Walsh Jesuit High School in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. He was ranked as the nation's 13th best quarterback recruit by Rivals.com. College career Upon enrolling at Michigan State, <mask> was redshirted as a freshman in 2011. He spent the 2012 season as a backup to Andrew Maxwell. After Maxwell was benched, <mask> helped lead the team to a win in the 2012 Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl, completing four of 11 passes for 47 yards and a touchdown. Overall, he appeared in three games, completing nine of 17 passes for 94 yards with a touchdown and an interception.He entered the 2013 season as the backup to Maxwell again. After Maxwell struggled, <mask> took over as the starter after the first game and remained the starter the rest of the year. He led Michigan State to a 34-24 victory over the Ohio State Buckeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game and was named MVP after throwing for 304 yards with three touchdowns. He then led the Spartans to a 24–20 victory over Stanford in the 2014 Rose Bowl. He was named the offensive MVP after throwing for 332 yards and two touchdowns. <mask> finished the season with 2,755 passing yards and 22 touchdowns. As a junior in 2014, <mask> passed 3,214 yards with 24 touchdowns.He led the Spartans to 2015 Cotton Bowl, where they defeated the higher-ranked Baylor Bears, 42–41. As a senior in 2015 <mask> led the Spartans to a 16–13 win over the Iowa Hawkeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game and was named MVP for the second time in three years. The victory in that Big Ten Championship Game earned them a spot in the College Football Playoff (2015 Cotton Bowl), where they lost to the Alabama Crimson Tide, 38–0. <mask> finished the season with 3,131 passing yards and 24 touchdowns, completing 56% of his passes. He won the 2015 Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award as the nation's outstanding senior or fourth year quarterback. For his career, he completed 673 of 1,170 passes for a school record 9,194 yards with 71 touchdowns and 22 interceptions. College statistics Professional career Oakland Raiders <mask> was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the fourth round with the 100th pick in the 2016 NFL Draft.He was the seventh quarterback chosen in the draft. On May 9, 2016, the Raiders signed <mask> to a 4-year, $2.95 million contract with a signing bonus of $619,890. <mask> began his rookie season for the Raiders as the third-string quarterback on the depth chart behind starter Derek Carr and second-stringer Matt McGloin. On December 24, 2016, <mask> was raised to backup quarterback after Carr suffered a season-ending right fibula injury. On January 1, 2017, <mask> made his NFL debut, entering the game late in the first half after starter McGloin suffered a shoulder injury. He played for the remainder of the game. In the third quarter, he threw his first NFL touchdown, a 32-yard pass to wide receiver Amari Cooper.He completed 14 of 21 passes for 150 passing yards, a touchdown, and an interception as the Raiders lost to the Denver Broncos by a score of 24–6. On January 4, <mask> was named the starter for the AFC Wildcard Game against the Houston Texans. McGloin was limited in practice due to his injury but was still active as <mask>'s backup for the playoff game. <mask> became the first quarterback in the Super Bowl era to make his first career start in a playoff game. On January 7, 2017, in the AFC Wildcard Game against the Texans, in a game plagued by drops by Raider receivers, <mask> completed 18 of 45 passes for 161 yards, one touchdown, and three interceptions as the Raiders lost 27–14. In the loss, he threw his first career postseason touchdown to Andre Holmes in the fourth quarter. <mask> saw no action in 2017 as the third-string quarterback behind Carr and new second-stringer EJ Manuel.He was only active for one game the whole season. On September 1, 2018, <mask> was released after the Raiders traded for A. J. McCarron. Carolina Panthers On September 6, 2018, <mask> was signed to the Carolina Panthers' practice squad. He was released on October 9, 2018. Cincinnati Bengals <mask> was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals to their practice squad on November 5, 2018. Detroit Lions On January 1, 2019, <mask> signed a reserve/future contract with the Detroit Lions. In June 2019, the Lions released <mask> and signed Quarterback David Fales.Houston Roughnecks <mask> was drafted in the 1st round with the second pick of the 2020 XFL Draft by the Houston Roughnecks. However, <mask> lost the quarterback competition to assigned player P.J. Walker and assumed the backup position. He had his contract terminated when the league suspended operations on April 10, 2020. Career statistics Regular season Postseason References External links Michigan State Spartans bio 1993 births Living people People from Hinckley, Ohio Sportspeople from Greater Cleveland Players of American football from Ohio American football quarterbacks Michigan State Spartans football players Oakland Raiders players Carolina Panthers players Cincinnati Bengals players Detroit Lions players Houston Roughnecks players

<mask> is an American football quarterback who is a free agent. He was the starting quarterback for the Michigan State Spartans from 2013 to 2015. He has the record for most career wins at Michigan State. The Oakland Raiders selected <mask> in the fourth round. <mask> played in his first game for the Raiders in the last regular season game of the 2016 NFL season after Carr and McGloin were injured. He became the first quarterback in NFL history to make his first career start in a playoff game when he was named the starter for the Raiders' game against the Houston Texans. <mask> was born in Parma Heights, Ohio, on January 29, 1993.<mask>'s family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch <mask> was a student at Walsh Jesuit High School. Rivals.com ranked him as the 13th best quarterback recruit. <mask> was redshirted as a freshman at Michigan State. He was a backup to Andrew Maxwell. <mask> led the team to a win in the 2012 Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl, completing four of 11 passes for 47 yards and a touchdown. He completed nine of 17 passes for 94 yards and a touchdown in three games.He entered the season as the backup. <mask> became the starter after the first game and remained so the rest of the year. He led Michigan State to a 34-24 victory over the Ohio State Buckeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game and was named the Most Valuable Player. He led the Spartans to a victory in the Rose Bowl. He was named the offensive Most Valuable Player after throwing for 332 yards. <mask> had 2,755 passing yards and 22 touchdown. <mask> passed 3,214 yards in his junior year.The Spartans defeated the Bears in the Cotton Bowl. <mask> was named the Most Valuable Player for the second time in three years after leading the Spartans to a 16–13 win over the Iowa Hawkeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game. The victory in the Big Ten Championship Game earned them a spot in the College Football Playoff Cotton Bowl, where they lost to the Alabama Tide. <mask> finished the season with 3,131 passing yards and 24 touchdown passes. The Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award is given to the nation's outstanding senior or fourth year quarterback. He threw for 9,194 yards and a school record 71 touchdown passes in his career. <mask> was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the fourth round of the 2016 NFL Draft.He was a quarterback in the draft. The Raiders signed <mask> to a 4-year, $2.95 million contract on May 9, 2016 with a signing bonus of $619,890. <mask> was the third-string quarterback on the depth chart behind Carr and McGloin at the start of the season. After Carr suffered a season-ending fibula injury, <mask> was elevated to backup quarterback. <mask> entered the game late in the first half after starter McGloin suffered a shoulder injury. He played the rest of the game. He threw his first touchdown pass in the third quarter.He threw for 150 yards and a touchdown as the Raiders lost to the Broncos by a score of 24–6. <mask> was named the starter for the Wildcard game on January 4. McGloin was limited in practice due to his injury but was still active as <mask>'s backup. <mask> was the first quarterback in the Super Bowl era to start a playoff game. <mask> completed 18 of 45 passes for 161 yards, one touchdown, and three turnovers as the Raiders lost to the Texans in the Wildcard game. He threw his first career playoff touchdown in the fourth quarter. <mask> was the third-string quarterback behind Carr and the new second-stringer.He only played one game the entire season. On September 1, <mask> was released by the Raiders. <mask> was signed to the Carolina Panthers' practice squad. On October 9, he was released. The Cincinnati Bengals signed <mask> to their practice squad. <mask> signed a future contract with the Detroit Lions. The Lions signed David Fales after releasing <mask>.<mask> was drafted in the 1st round with the second pick of the XFL draft by the Houston Roughnecks. <mask> lost the quarterback competition to P.J. Walker assumed the backup position. The league suspended operations on April 10, 2020. Michigan State Spartans bio 1993 births Living people from Hinckley, Ohio

3529764

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayode%20Odejayi

Kayode Odejayi

Olukayode Ishmael "Kayode" Odejayi (born 21 February 1982) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a striker, most recently for Guiseley. He is a former Nigeria international. Club career Born in Ibadan, Oyo State, Odejayi started his career as a trainee at Bristol City and then moved on to Football Conference side Forest Green Rovers in 2002. 2002–03 turned out to be one of Rovers' best ever season since their foundation in 1890, and Odejayi was a key figure, scoring 13 goals as the club finished ninth. Cheltenham Town Bobby Gould signed Odejayi in the summer of the 2002/03 season for Cheltenham Town. His first two seasons were a struggle but in his third season (2005–06) he played almost every game as Cheltenham went on to reach the play-off final, winning 1–0 against fancied Grimsby Town. He came to national attention in January 2006 when Cheltenham faced Newcastle United in the FA Cup 4th round. Odejayi gained plaudits after the game and he was linked with a move to Championship team Plymouth Argyle however the move never materialised. Barnsley On 31 May 2007, Odejayi moved to Barnsley for a fee of £200,000, a Cheltenham record for a sale of a player. Forest Green Rovers received a windfall from the transfer as part of the terms of Odejayi's Cheltenham deal. He scored in the Reds' first friendly against Morecambe in a 2–1 defeat. He then bagged a brace against Portuguese side Louletano DC in a 3–2 win. In a 3–1 victory against Buxton he bagged his fourth goal in three. Odejayi netted his first competitive goal for Barnsley against Scunthorpe United which effectively sealed a 2–0 victory for the Reds. Odejayi was booed off by his own fans against Southampton, after he missed a string of chances at goal. He himself admitted about his poor performances and promised the fans he would step it up and he did in the FA Cup, scoring of one of the most important goals in the club history when he secured a 1–0 victory at Oakwell, in the quarter finals of the FA Cup 2008 against Chelsea. On 6 April 2008 in the FA Cup semi-final against Cardiff City he missed an absolute sitter to score when he was put clean through on goal only to shoot wide, costing Barnsley the chance to equalise and possibly reach the FA Cup Final for the first time since 1912. In January 2009, there was talk of him being pursued by Barnsley's South Yorkshire neighbours, Rotherham United. Scunthorpe United (loan) On 26 February he was loaned to Scunthorpe. He played in 6 games scoring 1 goal against Walsall. Colchester United (loan) He was loaned to Colchester United on 16 September 2009 on a three-month emergency loan. He made a big impression at the Weston Homes Community Stadium, winning two penalties in his first game against Hartlepool United and then scoring a brace against high flying Charlton Athletic. He also went on to score against Huddersfield Town, Leyton Orient, Wycombe Wanderers, Bromley and Oldham Athletic. He set up John-Joe O'Toole's first Colchester goal in a 1–1 draw at Tranmere Rovers, whilst Odejayi also assisted Simon Hackney's goal against Bromley in the FA Cup. His loan spell ended on 19 December with him having scored seven goals in sixteen games, six of which came in the Football League. When the January transfer window opened, Odejayi's loan form resulted in him being signed by Aidy Boothroyd on a permanent deal, thus also becoming Aidy's first permanent signing for Colchester United. Colchester United On 24 December 2009 it was announced that Odejayi had signed for an undisclosed fee on a deal that would end in June 2012. Odejayi scored his first goal as a full-time Colchester player in a 2–1 win against Carlisle where he came off the bench to score the winner in stoppage time to keep the U's in their promotion hunt. He added two further goals against Bristol Rovers and Yeovil before getting an injury after coming on as a sub against Walsall. Odejayi was named as Colchester United's official player-of-the-season for the 2011–12 season, having led the front-line with power and strength all campaign. Rotherham United On 15 May, Rotherham United completed the much-rumoured signing of Odejayi after talks with Steve Evans. He joined the Millers officially on 1 July. His first goal for the club came in the 3–0 win against Burton Albion on 18 August 2012, this was also the opening day of the New York Stadium, and, on his league debut for the club. His second came soon after to gain a point against Chesterfield, on 25 August 2012. However, only 5 goals all season grew to fans frustration as Alex Revell and Daniel Nardiello became the preferred striking partnership. On 10 September 2013, Odejayi joined League Two side Accrington Stanley on a three-month loan. On 1 January 2014, the loan was extended till the end of the 2013–14 League Two season. Tranmere Rovers On 26 June 2014, following Odejayi's departure from Rotherham United, he signed a one-year deal with Tranmere Rovers. At the end of the season, that saw Tranmere Rovers relegate out of League Two, Odejayi was released by the club. Stockport County Following Odejayi's release from Tranmere, he signed for National League North side Stockport County on 15 July 2015. Guiseley In July 2017 he signed for Guiseley. International career In May 2008, Odejayi made his first appearance for the Nigerian national team, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–1 friendly draw against Austria. Career statistics Club International Honours Cheltenham Town Football League Two play-offs: 2005–06 Rotherham United Football League Two runners-up: 2012–13 Individual Colchester United Player of the Year: 2011–12 References External links 1982 births Living people Sportspeople from Ibadan Yoruba sportspeople Nigerian footballers Nigeria international footballers Association football forwards Expatriate footballers in England Bristol City F.C. players Forest Green Rovers F.C. players Cheltenham Town F.C. players Barnsley F.C. players Scunthorpe United F.C. players Colchester United F.C. players Rotherham United F.C. players Accrington Stanley F.C. players Tranmere Rovers F.C. players Stockport County F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players Guiseley A.F.C. players

Olukayode Ishmael "<mask>" <mask> (born 21 February 1982) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a striker, most recently for Guiseley. He is a former Nigeria international. Club career Born in Ibadan, Oyo State, <mask> started his career as a trainee at Bristol City and then moved on to Football Conference side Forest Green Rovers in 2002. 2002–03 turned out to be one of Rovers' best ever season since their foundation in 1890, and <mask> was a key figure, scoring 13 goals as the club finished ninth. Cheltenham Town Bobby Gould signed <mask> in the summer of the 2002/03 season for Cheltenham Town. His first two seasons were a struggle but in his third season (2005–06) he played almost every game as Cheltenham went on to reach the play-off final, winning 1–0 against fancied Grimsby Town. He came to national attention in January 2006 when Cheltenham faced Newcastle United in the FA Cup 4th round.<mask> gained plaudits after the game and he was linked with a move to Championship team Plymouth Argyle however the move never materialised. Barnsley On 31 May 2007, <mask> moved to Barnsley for a fee of £200,000, a Cheltenham record for a sale of a player. Forest Green Rovers received a windfall from the transfer as part of the terms of <mask>'s Cheltenham deal. He scored in the Reds' first friendly against Morecambe in a 2–1 defeat. He then bagged a brace against Portuguese side Louletano DC in a 3–2 win. In a 3–1 victory against Buxton he bagged his fourth goal in three. <mask> netted his first competitive goal for Barnsley against Scunthorpe United which effectively sealed a 2–0 victory for the Reds.<mask> was booed off by his own fans against Southampton, after he missed a string of chances at goal. He himself admitted about his poor performances and promised the fans he would step it up and he did in the FA Cup, scoring of one of the most important goals in the club history when he secured a 1–0 victory at Oakwell, in the quarter finals of the FA Cup 2008 against Chelsea. On 6 April 2008 in the FA Cup semi-final against Cardiff City he missed an absolute sitter to score when he was put clean through on goal only to shoot wide, costing Barnsley the chance to equalise and possibly reach the FA Cup Final for the first time since 1912. In January 2009, there was talk of him being pursued by Barnsley's South Yorkshire neighbours, Rotherham United. Scunthorpe United (loan) On 26 February he was loaned to Scunthorpe. He played in 6 games scoring 1 goal against Walsall. Colchester United (loan) He was loaned to Colchester United on 16 September 2009 on a three-month emergency loan.He made a big impression at the Weston Homes Community Stadium, winning two penalties in his first game against Hartlepool United and then scoring a brace against high flying Charlton Athletic. He also went on to score against Huddersfield Town, Leyton Orient, Wycombe Wanderers, Bromley and Oldham Athletic. He set up John-Joe O'Toole's first Colchester goal in a 1–1 draw at Tranmere Rovers, whilst <mask> also assisted Simon Hackney's goal against Bromley in the FA Cup. His loan spell ended on 19 December with him having scored seven goals in sixteen games, six of which came in the Football League. When the January transfer window opened, <mask>'s loan form resulted in him being signed by Aidy Boothroyd on a permanent deal, thus also becoming Aidy's first permanent signing for Colchester United. Colchester United On 24 December 2009 it was announced that <mask> had signed for an undisclosed fee on a deal that would end in June 2012. <mask> scored his first goal as a full-time Colchester player in a 2–1 win against Carlisle where he came off the bench to score the winner in stoppage time to keep the U's in their promotion hunt.He added two further goals against Bristol Rovers and Yeovil before getting an injury after coming on as a sub against Walsall. <mask> was named as Colchester United's official player-of-the-season for the 2011–12 season, having led the front-line with power and strength all campaign. Rotherham United On 15 May, Rotherham United completed the much-rumoured signing of <mask> after talks with Steve Evans. He joined the Millers officially on 1 July. His first goal for the club came in the 3–0 win against Burton Albion on 18 August 2012, this was also the opening day of the New York Stadium, and, on his league debut for the club. His second came soon after to gain a point against Chesterfield, on 25 August 2012. However, only 5 goals all season grew to fans frustration as Alex Revell and Daniel Nardiello became the preferred striking partnership.On 10 September 2013, <mask> joined League Two side Accrington Stanley on a three-month loan. On 1 January 2014, the loan was extended till the end of the 2013–14 League Two season. Tranmere Rovers On 26 June 2014, following <mask>'s departure from Rotherham United, he signed a one-year deal with Tranmere Rovers. At the end of the season, that saw Tranmere Rovers relegate out of League Two, <mask> was released by the club. Stockport County Following <mask>'s release from Tranmere, he signed for National League North side Stockport County on 15 July 2015. Guiseley In July 2017 he signed for Guiseley. International career In May 2008, <mask> made his first appearance for the Nigerian national team, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–1 friendly draw against Austria.Career statistics Club International Honours Cheltenham Town Football League Two play-offs: 2005–06 Rotherham United Football League Two runners-up: 2012–13 Individual Colchester United Player of the Year: 2011–12 References External links 1982 births Living people Sportspeople from Ibadan Yoruba sportspeople Nigerian footballers Nigeria international footballers Association football forwards Expatriate footballers in England Bristol City F.C. players Forest Green Rovers F.C. players Cheltenham Town F.C. players Barnsley F.C. players Scunthorpe United F.C. players Colchester United F.C. players Rotherham United F.C.players Accrington Stanley F.C. players Tranmere Rovers F.C. players Stockport County F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players Guiseley A.F.C. players

<mask> is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays for Guiseley. He was a Nigerian international. <mask> was born in Oyo State and started his career at Bristol City before moving on to Forest Green Rovers. The 2002–03 season was one of the best ever for the club, with Odejayi scoring 13 goals as the club finished ninth. <mask> was signed by Bobby Gould in the summer of 2002. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 In the 4th round of the FA Cup in January of 2006 he came to national attention.After the game <mask> was linked with a move to Argyle but the move never materialised. On May 31, 2007, <mask> moved to Barnsley for a fee of £200,000, a record for a sale of a player. The transfer windfall was part of the terms of <mask>'s deal. He scored in the Reds' first game. He scored a pair against Louletano DC in a 3–2 win. He scored his fourth goal in three games. <mask> scored his first competitive goal for the Reds in a 2–0 victory over Scunthorpe United.He missed a number of chances at goal and was booed by his own fans. He admitted about his poor performances and promised the fans he would step it up and he did, scoring one of the most important goals in the club history when he secured a 1–0 victory at Oakwell in the quarter finals of the FA Cup 2008. He missed an absolute sitter to score when he was put clean through on goal, but he missed the chance to equalise and possibly reach the FA Cup Final for the first time since 1912. There was talk of him being pursued by his neighbours in South Yorkshire. He was sent to Scunthorpe on February 26. He played in 6 games and scored a goal. He was on an emergency loan to Colchester United.In his first two games at the Weston Homes Community Stadium, he won two penalties and scored a brace. He went on to score against other teams. He set up John-Joe O'Toole's first goal for the U's in a 1–1 draw at Tranmere, as well as assisting Simon Hackney's goal in the FA Cup. He scored seven goals in sixteen games during his loan spell, six of which came in the Football League. Aidy Boothroyd was the first permanent signing for Colchester United after <mask>'s loan form resulted in him being signed by the club. On December 24, 2009, it was announced that <mask> had signed for an undisclosed fee on a deal that would end in June. <mask> came off the bench to score the winner in the second minute of injury time to keep the U's in the promotion race.He got an injury after coming on as a sub against Walsall and scoring two more goals. After leading the front-line with power and strength all season, <mask> was named the official player-of-the-season by the club. After talks with Steve Evans, the much-rumoured signing of <mask> was completed by Rotherham United. He joined the Millers on July 1. He scored his first goal for the club on his league debut on the opening day of the New York Stadium. He gained a point against Chesterfield on August 25th. The fans were frustrated by the fact that only 5 goals were scored all season.<mask> joined Stanley on a three-month loan. The loan was extended until the end of the League Two season. Following his departure from Rotherham United, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the club. At the end of the season, <mask> was released by the club. On July 15, 2015, <mask> joined the National League North side, Stockport County. He joined Guiseley in July of last year. In May 2008, <mask> made his first appearance for the Nigerian national team, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–1 friendly draw against Austria.The Club International honours Cheltenham Town Football League Two play-offs: 2005–06. The players are from Forest Green. The players are from Cheltenham Town F.C. The players are from Barnsley F.C. The players are from Scunthorpe United F.C. The players are from Colchester United F.C. The players are from Rotherham United F.C.The players are from Stanley F.C. There are players at the F.C. The players are from Stockport County F.C. Football players from Guiseley A.F.C. are in the English Football League. players

45512239

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Scholten

Matt Scholten

Matt Scholten is an Australian theatre and film director, producer, writer and teacher. He is the Artistic Director & Creative Producer of independent theatre company If Theatre which was established in 2006. Career Scholten studied Drama and English Literature at the University of Melbourne performing in student theatre productions and earning a Bachelor of Education in 1992. He went on to study directing and writing at the Australian Nouveau (Antill) Theatre and a career as a Drama Teacher. In 2006 he was accepted into the Victorian College of the Arts where he studied directing under the tutelage of Richard Murphet, Jenny Kemp and then Head of the School of Drama Lindy Davies. In 2007, If Theatre's debut production was A Slight Ache by Harold Pinter and was followed later that year by Three Short Plays by Jack Hibberd produced for the 40th Birthday La Mama Theatre. Beginning in 2008, Scholten collaborated with playwright Daniel Keene on a theatre practice based primarily in Melbourne's western suburbs, launching The Dog Theatre in Footscray with a production of Keene's Half & Half. In 2009, The Cove (eight short plays including four world premieres) was directed by Scholten and had three Green Room Award nominations for actors Majid Shokor, Jan Freidl and Bruce Myles. The Cove featured the following plays: Cafe Table, Somewhere in the Middle of the Night, To Whom It May Concern, A Glass of Twilight, The Morning After, A Death, Two Shanks and The First Train. Scholten's production of Daniel Keene's The Nightwatchman starring Roger Oakley was part of Theatreworks' Selected Works programme in 2010 and also that year he was Assistant Director to Peter Evans at the Melbourne Theatre Company on Keene's debut there, Life Without Me. If Theatre has commissioned and co-produced two further works written by Daniel Keene and directed by Scholten: 2011 Boxman (commissioned by Big West Festival 2011 and then presented by Regional Arts Victoria on a Victorian and NSW tour in 2013). Boxman was shortlisted for the Louis Esson Prize for Drama in the 2012 Victorian Premier’s Literary Award. 2015 Mother a one-woman play written for Noni Hazlehurst which began a national tour at the Gasworks Theatre and was published by Currency Press. For the Melbourne Theatre Company, Scholten has directed The Heretic written by Richard Bean featuring Noni Hazlehurst & Andrew McFarlane and directed readings of Rejkavijk by Paul Galloway and Daniel Keene's The Curtain with Helen Morse and Alex Menglet. He was Assistant Director to Julian Meyrick for the 2007 Hard Lines Play Readings season. Other directorial works include: The Crucible by Arthur Miller Glengarry Glen Ross by David Mamet Mr. Kolpert by David Geislemann The Tempest by William Shakespeare Dying City by Christopher Shinn Europe by Michael Gow Along with his extensive work directing plays by Keene, other new Australian work Scholten has directed includes: Blindingly Obvious Facts by Ben Ellis (playwright) for the 2007 Short and Sweet Festival Human Resources by Chris Aronsten Crossed by Chris Summers Black Box 149 by Rosemary Johns Here We All Are. Assembled by Kathryn Ash Scholten is also a teacher of acting and directing, working at the Victorian College of the Arts from 2007–2014 as a Teaching Artist and Director and was Head of Acting and Head of Theatre Arts at Goulburn Ovens TAFE in Benalla from 2010–2014. For television, in 2013 he completed a Directorial Attachment with Channel Seven on the television drama A Place to Call Home and in 2017 was Acting Coach on Magpie Pictures' Grace Beside Me. In 2013, Scholten programmed the theatre season for Benalla Performing Arts Centre and in 2014 he was appointed as resident Artistic Director there, launching the theatre seasons in 2014 and 2015. At BPACC, Scholten wrote and directed the play The Drums of Time, developed an Australia Council for the Arts funded workshop programme for female regional playwrights and hosted the Victorian College of the Arts first FRISK! Festival. In 2015, Scholten toured with the production of Mother throughout Victoria and Tasmania and then relocated to South East Queensland taking up a position lecturing and directing at the University of Southern Queensland in Toowoomba. At USQ his work included his adaptation of Lysistrata, Tartuffe by Moliere adapted by Justin Fleming, Spring Awakening by Frank Wedekind adapted by Jonathan Franzen and The House of Bernarda Alba by Federico García Lorca. In 2016, Mother toured New South Wales and Queensland and was nominated for two Helpmann Awards for Best Performance by a Female Actor in a Play and Best Regional Touring Production. Scholten was one of the keynote speakers at the 2016 Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama and Performance Studies (ADSA) Conference. Mother was presented at Belvoir Street Theatre in early 2018 and was presented at QPAC in August 2018. Noni Hazlehurst won the 2019 Matilda Award for Best Female Actor in a Leading Role for Mother for the QPAC season. The Campaign by Campion Decent, a verbatim play that dramatised the fight for gay law reform in Tasmania was produced and directed by Scholten premiering at Salamanca Arts Centre in October 2018 co-produced by If Theatre, Tasmanian Theatre Company & Blue Cow Theatre, winning the 2019 Best New Writing Award at the Tasmanian Theatre Awards. The development of The Campaign was supported by a Playwriting Australia grant. Scholten is currently lecturing in acting and is a guest director at the Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University and at Queensland University of Technology. His debut film as writer/director, a short documentary supported by Screen Australia and Network Ten called Belonging had its world premiere at the 2020 Queer Screen Film Festival as part of the Sydney Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras and will be screened on TenPlay later in 2020. Belonging screened at the 2020 Melbourne Queer Film Festival and won the Jury Prize for Best Documentary Short. Mother was presented in early 2020 at Home of the Arts, Gold Coast and in an encore season at QPAC. References External links Matt Scholten on Aus Stage Australian theatre directors Living people University of Melbourne alumni Victorian College of the Arts alumni Year of birth missing (living people)

<mask> is an Australian theatre and film director, producer, writer and teacher. He is the Artistic Director & Creative Producer of independent theatre company If Theatre which was established in 2006. Career Scholten studied Drama and English Literature at the University of Melbourne performing in student theatre productions and earning a Bachelor of Education in 1992. He went on to study directing and writing at the Australian Nouveau (Antill) Theatre and a career as a Drama Teacher. In 2006 he was accepted into the Victorian College of the Arts where he studied directing under the tutelage of Richard Murphet, Jenny Kemp and then Head of the School of Drama Lindy Davies. In 2007, If Theatre's debut production was A Slight Ache by Harold Pinter and was followed later that year by Three Short Plays by Jack Hibberd produced for the 40th Birthday La Mama Theatre. Beginning in 2008, Scholten collaborated with playwright Daniel Keene on a theatre practice based primarily in Melbourne's western suburbs, launching The Dog Theatre in Footscray with a production of Keene's Half & Half.In 2009, The Cove (eight short plays including four world premieres) was directed by Scholten and had three Green Room Award nominations for actors Majid Shokor, Jan Freidl and Bruce Myles. The Cove featured the following plays: Cafe Table, Somewhere in the Middle of the Night, To Whom It May Concern, A Glass of Twilight, The Morning After, A Death, Two Shanks and The First Train. <mask>'s production of Daniel Keene's The Nightwatchman starring Roger Oakley was part of Theatreworks' Selected Works programme in 2010 and also that year he was Assistant Director to Peter Evans at the Melbourne Theatre Company on Keene's debut there, Life Without Me. If Theatre has commissioned and co-produced two further works written by Daniel Keene and directed by Scholten: 2011 Boxman (commissioned by Big West Festival 2011 and then presented by Regional Arts Victoria on a Victorian and NSW tour in 2013). Boxman was shortlisted for the Louis Esson Prize for Drama in the 2012 Victorian Premier’s Literary Award. 2015 Mother a one-woman play written for Noni Hazlehurst which began a national tour at the Gasworks Theatre and was published by Currency Press. For the Melbourne Theatre Company, Scholten has directed The Heretic written by Richard Bean featuring Noni Hazlehurst & Andrew McFarlane and directed readings of Rejkavijk by Paul Galloway and Daniel Keene's The Curtain with Helen Morse and Alex Menglet.He was Assistant Director to Julian Meyrick for the 2007 Hard Lines Play Readings season. Other directorial works include: The Crucible by Arthur Miller Glengarry Glen Ross by David Mamet Mr. Kolpert by David Geislemann The Tempest by William Shakespeare Dying City by Christopher Shinn Europe by Michael Gow Along with his extensive work directing plays by Keene, other new Australian work Scholten has directed includes: Blindingly Obvious Facts by Ben Ellis (playwright) for the 2007 Short and Sweet Festival Human Resources by Chris Aronsten Crossed by Chris Summers Black Box 149 by Rosemary Johns Here We All Are. Assembled by Kathryn Ash Scholten is also a teacher of acting and directing, working at the Victorian College of the Arts from 2007–2014 as a Teaching Artist and Director and was Head of Acting and Head of Theatre Arts at Goulburn Ovens TAFE in Benalla from 2010–2014. For television, in 2013 he completed a Directorial Attachment with Channel Seven on the television drama A Place to Call Home and in 2017 was Acting Coach on Magpie Pictures' Grace Beside Me. In 2013, Scholten programmed the theatre season for Benalla Performing Arts Centre and in 2014 he was appointed as resident Artistic Director there, launching the theatre seasons in 2014 and 2015. At BPACC, Scholten wrote and directed the play The Drums of Time, developed an Australia Council for the Arts funded workshop programme for female regional playwrights and hosted the Victorian College of the Arts first FRISK! Festival.In 2015, Scholten toured with the production of Mother throughout Victoria and Tasmania and then relocated to South East Queensland taking up a position lecturing and directing at the University of Southern Queensland in Toowoomba. At USQ his work included his adaptation of Lysistrata, Tartuffe by Moliere adapted by Justin Fleming, Spring Awakening by Frank Wedekind adapted by Jonathan Franzen and The House of Bernarda Alba by Federico García Lorca. In 2016, Mother toured New South Wales and Queensland and was nominated for two Helpmann Awards for Best Performance by a Female Actor in a Play and Best Regional Touring Production. Scholten was one of the keynote speakers at the 2016 Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama and Performance Studies (ADSA) Conference. Mother was presented at Belvoir Street Theatre in early 2018 and was presented at QPAC in August 2018. Noni Hazlehurst won the 2019 Matilda Award for Best Female Actor in a Leading Role for Mother for the QPAC season. The Campaign by Campion Decent, a verbatim play that dramatised the fight for gay law reform in Tasmania was produced and directed by Scholten premiering at Salamanca Arts Centre in October 2018 co-produced by If Theatre, Tasmanian Theatre Company & Blue Cow Theatre, winning the 2019 Best New Writing Award at the Tasmanian Theatre Awards.The development of The Campaign was supported by a Playwriting Australia grant. <mask> is currently lecturing in acting and is a guest director at the Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University and at Queensland University of Technology. His debut film as writer/director, a short documentary supported by Screen Australia and Network Ten called Belonging had its world premiere at the 2020 Queer Screen Film Festival as part of the Sydney Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras and will be screened on TenPlay later in 2020. Belonging screened at the 2020 Melbourne Queer Film Festival and won the Jury Prize for Best Documentary Short. Mother was presented in early 2020 at Home of the Arts, Gold Coast and in an encore season at QPAC. References External links <mask> on Aus Stage Australian theatre directors Living people University of Melbourne alumni Victorian College of the Arts alumni Year of birth missing (living people)

<mask> is a playwright, film director, producer, writer and teacher. He is the artistic director and creative producer of If Theatre. Career Scholten studied Drama and English Literature at the University of Melbourne and earned a Bachelor of Education in 1992. He went on to study directing and writing and later became a Drama Teacher. He graduated from the School of Drama at the Victorian College of the Arts in 2006 with a degree in directing. The 40th birthday of the La Mama Theatre was celebrated in 2007, with If Theatre's first production being A slight ache by Harold Pinter and Three short plays by Jack Hibberd. The Dog Theatre in Footscray was launched in 2008 with a production of Half & Half by Daniel Keene.In 2009, The Cove was directed by <mask> and had three Green Room Award nominations for actors. The plays featured at The Cove were Cafe Table, Somewhere in the Middle of the Night, To Whom It May Concern, A Glass of Twilight, The Morning After, and The First Train. The Nightwatchman was part of Theatreworks' Selected Works programme in 2010 and also that year he was assistant director to Peter Evans at the Melbourne Theatre Company. If Theatre commissioned and co-produced two further works written by Daniel Keene and directed by Scholten: Boxman, which was commissioned by the Big West Festival and will be presented by Regional Arts Victoria on a Victorian and New South Wales tour in 2013). Boxman was nominated for the Louis Esson Prize for Drama. Currency Press published Mother, a one-woman play written for Noni Hazlehurst, which began a national tour at the Gasworks Theatre. The Heretic was written by Richard Bean and has been directed by Scholten.He was the assistant director for the hard lines play reading season. He has directed plays by William Shakespeare, David Mamet, and Arthur Miller. A teacher of acting and directing, as well as a Teaching Artist and Director, she worked at the Victorian College of the Arts and the Goulburn Ovens TAFE in Benalla. He worked as an acting coach for Magpie Pictures' Grace Beside Me and as a director for Channel Seven's A Place to Call Home. The theatre seasons at the Benalla Performing Arts Centre were launched in 2014 and 2015. The Australian Council for the Arts funded a workshop programme for female regional playwrights and the Victorian College of the Arts hosted the first FRISK! There is a festival.In 2015, <mask> toured with the production of Mother throughout Victoria and Tasmania and then relocated to South East QUEENSLAND to take up a position lecturing and directing at the University of Southern QUEENSLAND. His work at USQ included his adaptation of The House of Bernarda Alba and Spring Awakening by Frank Wedekind. Mother was nominated for two Helpmann Awards in 2016 for best performance by a female actor in a play and best regional touring production. The keynote speaker at the 2016ADSA Conference was <mask>. Mother was presented at both Belvoir Street Theatre and QPAC. Noni Hazlehurst won the award for best female actor in a leading role for mother. The campaign by Campion Decent was a play that dramatised the fight for gay law reform and won the Best New Writing Award.A Playwriting Australia grant supported the development of The Campaign. In addition to lecturing in acting, he is also a guest director at the Conservatorium and at the University of Technology. His debut film as writer/director, a short documentary supported by Screen Australia and Network Ten called Belonging, had its world premiere at the 2020 Queer Screen Film Festival as part of the Sydney Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras and will be screened on TenPlay later in 2020. The jury prize for best documentary short was won by Belonging. Mother was presented at Home of the Arts, Gold Coast and in an encore season at QPAC. Australian theatre directors living people University of Melbourne alumni Victorian College of the Arts alumni Year of birth missing

4451883

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Mackie

Anthony Mackie

Anthony Dwane Mackie (born September 23, 1978) is an American actor. Mackie made his acting debut starring in the semi-biographical drama film 8 Mile (2002); he was later nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his performance in the LGBT drama Brother to Brother (2004), and in the same year, appeared in psychological thriller The Manchurian Candidate and the sports film Million Dollar Baby. Mackie starred in Half Nelson (2006); in 2008, Mackie both appeared in the action thriller Eagle Eye, and was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Hurt Locker. He portrayed Tupac Shakur in Notorious (2009), and later starred in Night Catches Us (2010), and The Adjustment Bureau and Real Steel (both 2011). He achieved global recognition for portraying Sam Wilson / Falcon / Captain America in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in the films Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Ant-Man (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019), as well as starring in the Disney+ exclusive miniseries The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021). During this period, Mackie also starred in the period crime film Detroit (2017), The Hate U Give (2018), the science fiction film Synchronic (2019), and The Banker (2020). Away from film, Mackie has performed in Broadway and Off-Broadway adaptations, including Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, Drowning Crow, McReele, A Soldier's Play and Carl Hancock Rux's Talk, for which he won an Obie Award in 2002. Mackie portrayed Martin Luther King Jr. in the HBO television film All the Way (2016), and portrayed Takeshi Kovacs in Netflix series Altered Carbon (2020). Early life Mackie was born on September 23, 1978, in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Martha (née Gordon) and Willie Mackie Sr., a carpenter who owned a roofing business, Mackie Roofing. His brother, Calvin Mackie, is a former associate professor of engineering at Tulane University who now works at the Louisiana Recovery Authority. Mackie attended Warren Easton Sr High School and the New Orleans Center for Creative Arts (NOCCA) and graduated from the high school drama program at the North Carolina School of the Arts (NCSA) in 1997. He later graduated from the Juilliard School's Drama Division as a member of Group 30 (1997–2001), which also included actors Tracie Thoms and Lee Pace. Career In 2002, Mackie worked as an understudy to Don Cheadle in Suzan-Lori Parks' play Topdog/Underdog and won an OBIE Award for his role in Carl Hancock Rux's play Talk. He appeared in the 2002 film 8 Mile as the main antagonist, Papa Doc. His first starring role in a feature film was the 2003 independent film Brother to Brother, where he played Perry, a young artist who struggles to adjust to the world as a gay black man. The following year, Mackie appeared in Million Dollar Baby, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and starred in Spike Lee's She Hate Me. In 2006, Mackie starred in Half Nelson, and Crossover, We Are Marshall. In March 2008, Mackie starred in three plays by playwright August Wilson at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington DC: Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, Fences, and Jitney – all part of "August Wilson's 20th Century", a month-long presentation of ten staged readings of Wilson's "Century Cycle". Mackie has participated several times in the "24-Hour Plays" held in New York City each fall. In mid-2009, he played the role of Pentheus in the New York City Public Theater's Shakespeare in the Park production of The Bacchae. He starred with Christopher Walken in A Behanding in Spokane on Broadway in February 2010. Mackie portrayed late American rapper Tupac Shakur in the 2009 film Notorious. He had previously portrayed Shakur in the play Up Against the Wind in 2001, while attending Juilliard. In 2009, he appeared in The Hurt Locker. Mackie also narrated The Best That Never Was, a documentary about football player Marcus Dupree. He appeared in the 2011 film The Adjustment Bureau as Harry Mitchell, a sympathetic member of a shadowy supernatural group that controls human destiny. Mackie co-starred, as Sam Wilson / Falcon, in the Marvel Studios sequel Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014). He reprised the role in multiple Marvel Cinematic Universe films over the next several years, including 2015's Avengers: Age of Ultron and Ant-Man, 2016's Captain America: Civil War, 2018's Avengers: Infinity War, and 2019's Avengers: Endgame. In 2016, Mackie portrayed Martin Luther King Jr. in the HBO TV drama All the Way. In 2018, Mackie appeared as gang leader King in The Hate U Give, a film adaptation of the bestselling novel of the same name. In 2019, Mackie had a role in the Netflix science-fiction film, IO. In July 2018, it was announced that Mackie was cast in the role of Takeshi Kovacs for the second season of Netflix's science-fiction series, Altered Carbon. In March 2019, it was announced that Mackie was cast in the fifth season of Netflix's science-fiction anthology series, Black Mirror. The following month, Disney confirmed a Marvel television series starring Mackie and Sebastian Stan, called The Falcon and the Winter Soldier, would be aired on their upcoming Disney+ streaming service, debuting on March 19, 2021. Mackie starred in and produced the science fiction film Outside the Wire which was released by Netflix on January 15, 2021. In August 2021, Mackie closed the deal to reprise the role in Captain America 4. In January 2022, it was announced that Mackie will helm the drama film Spark, starring Saniyya Sidney, as his directorial debut project. In February 2022, he was set to lead action film Ending Things along with Priyanka Chopra Jonas, directed by Kevin Sullivan and star in a live-action series adaptation of Twisted Metal game at Peacock. Personal life In 2014, Mackie married his long-time girlfriend and childhood sweetheart Sheletta Chapital. They divorced in 2018. The couple have four children together. Mackie opened a bar called NoBar in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn in the summer of 2011. He had plans to open a second NoBar in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 2013, but closed all NoBar locations in 2015. Filmography Film Television Video games Stage Awards and nominations References External links 1978 births Living people 21st-century American male actors African-American male actors American male film actors American male television actors American male video game actors American male voice actors Juilliard School alumni Male actors from New Orleans University of North Carolina School of the Arts alumni 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

<mask> (born September 23, 1978) is an American actor. <mask> made his acting debut starring in the semi-biographical drama film 8 Mile (2002); he was later nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his performance in the LGBT drama Brother to Brother (2004), and in the same year, appeared in psychological thriller The Manchurian Candidate and the sports film Million Dollar Baby. <mask> starred in Half Nelson (2006); in 2008, Mackie both appeared in the action thriller Eagle Eye, and was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Hurt Locker. He portrayed Tupac Shakur in Notorious (2009), and later starred in Night Catches Us (2010), and The Adjustment Bureau and Real Steel (both 2011). He achieved global recognition for portraying Sam Wilson / Falcon / Captain America in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in the films Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Ant-Man (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019), as well as starring in the Disney+ exclusive miniseries The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021). During this period, <mask> also starred in the period crime film Detroit (2017), The Hate U Give (2018), the science fiction film Synchronic (2019), and The Banker (2020). Away from film, <mask> has performed in Broadway and Off-Broadway adaptations, including Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, Drowning Crow, McReele, A Soldier's Play and Carl Hancock Rux's Talk, for which he won an Obie Award in 2002.<mask> portrayed Martin Luther King Jr. in the HBO television film All the Way (2016), and portrayed Takeshi Kovacs in Netflix series Altered Carbon (2020). Early life <mask> was born on September 23, 1978, in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Martha (née Gordon) and <mask> Sr., a carpenter who owned a roofing business, Mackie Roofing. His brother, <mask>, is a former associate professor of engineering at Tulane University who now works at the Louisiana Recovery Authority. <mask> attended Warren Easton Sr High School and the New Orleans Center for Creative Arts (NOCCA) and graduated from the high school drama program at the North Carolina School of the Arts (NCSA) in 1997. He later graduated from the Juilliard School's Drama Division as a member of Group 30 (1997–2001), which also included actors Tracie Thoms and Lee Pace. Career In 2002, Mackie worked as an understudy to Don Cheadle in Suzan-Lori Parks' play Topdog/Underdog and won an OBIE Award for his role in Carl Hancock Rux's play Talk. He appeared in the 2002 film 8 Mile as the main antagonist, Papa Doc.His first starring role in a feature film was the 2003 independent film Brother to Brother, where he played Perry, a young artist who struggles to adjust to the world as a gay black man. The following year, <mask> appeared in Million Dollar Baby, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and starred in Spike Lee's She Hate Me. In 2006, <mask> starred in Half Nelson, and Crossover, We Are Marshall. In March 2008, <mask> starred in three plays by playwright August Wilson at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington DC: Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, Fences, and Jitney – all part of "August Wilson's 20th Century", a month-long presentation of ten staged readings of Wilson's "Century Cycle". <mask> has participated several times in the "24-Hour Plays" held in New York City each fall. In mid-2009, he played the role of Pentheus in the New York City Public Theater's Shakespeare in the Park production of The Bacchae. He starred with Christopher Walken in A Behanding in Spokane on Broadway in February 2010.<mask> portrayed late American rapper Tupac Shakur in the 2009 film Notorious. He had previously portrayed Shakur in the play Up Against the Wind in 2001, while attending Juilliard. In 2009, he appeared in The Hurt Locker. <mask> also narrated The Best That Never Was, a documentary about football player Marcus Dupree. He appeared in the 2011 film The Adjustment Bureau as Harry Mitchell, a sympathetic member of a shadowy supernatural group that controls human destiny. <mask> co-starred, as Sam Wilson / Falcon, in the Marvel Studios sequel Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014). He reprised the role in multiple Marvel Cinematic Universe films over the next several years, including 2015's Avengers: Age of Ultron and Ant-Man, 2016's Captain America: Civil War, 2018's Avengers: Infinity War, and 2019's Avengers: Endgame.In 2016, <mask> portrayed Martin Luther King Jr. in the HBO TV drama All the Way. In 2018, <mask> appeared as gang leader King in The Hate U Give, a film adaptation of the bestselling novel of the same name. In 2019, <mask> had a role in the Netflix science-fiction film, IO. In July 2018, it was announced that <mask> was cast in the role of Takeshi Kovacs for the second season of Netflix's science-fiction series, Altered Carbon. In March 2019, it was announced that <mask> was cast in the fifth season of Netflix's science-fiction anthology series, Black Mirror. The following month, Disney confirmed a Marvel television series starring <mask> and Sebastian Stan, called The Falcon and the Winter Soldier, would be aired on their upcoming Disney+ streaming service, debuting on March 19, 2021. Mackie starred in and produced the science fiction film Outside the Wire which was released by Netflix on January 15, 2021.In August 2021, <mask> closed the deal to reprise the role in Captain America 4. In January 2022, it was announced that <mask> will helm the drama film Spark, starring Saniyya Sidney, as his directorial debut project. In February 2022, he was set to lead action film Ending Things along with Priyanka Chopra Jonas, directed by Kevin Sullivan and star in a live-action series adaptation of Twisted Metal game at Peacock. Personal life In 2014, <mask> married his long-time girlfriend and childhood sweetheart Sheletta Chapital. They divorced in 2018. The couple have four children together. <mask> opened a bar called NoBar in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn in the summer of 2011.He had plans to open a second NoBar in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 2013, but closed all NoBar locations in 2015. Filmography Film Television Video games Stage Awards and nominations References External links 1978 births Living people 21st-century American male actors African-American male actors American male film actors American male television actors American male video game actors American male voice actors Juilliard School alumni Male actors from New Orleans University of North Carolina School of the Arts alumni 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

<mask> was born in 1978 and is an American actor. He appeared in The Manchurian Candidate and Brother to Brother in the same year he was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for his performance in 8 Mile. In both Half Nelson and Eagle Eye, <mask> was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting actor. He had roles in Notorious, Night Catches Us, The Adjustment Bureau, and Real Steel. He played Sam Wilson in the films Captain America: The Winter Soldier and Captain America: Civil War, as well as starring in the films. Detroit, The Hate U Give, Synchronic, and The Banker were all filmed during this period. He won an Obie Award in 2002 for his performance in A Soldier's Play, one of the Broadway and Off-Broadway adaptations of Ma Rainey's Black Bottom.In All the Way, he played Martin Luther King Jr., and in Altered Carbon, he played Takeshi Kovacs. <mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on September 23, 1978, the son of Martha Gordon and <mask> Jr., a carpenter who owned a roofing business. <mask> was an associate professor of engineering at Tulane University and now works for the Louisiana Recovery Authority. In 1997 she graduated from the high school drama program at the North Carolina School of the Arts. He graduated from the Drama Division of the Juilliard School in 2001 and was a member of Group 30. He won an OBIE Award for his role in Talk and worked as an understudy to Don Cheadle in Topdog/ Underdog. He played Papa Doc in the 2002 film 8 Mile.He played a gay black man in the 2003 independent film Brother to Brother, his first starring role. Million Dollar Baby, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and She Hate Me were both directed by Spike Lee. In 2006 he starred in Half Nelson and We Are Marshall. August Wilson's plays "Black Bottom, Fences, and Jitney" were performed at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington DC. The "24-Hour Plays" are held in New York City each fall. He played the role of Pentheus in the New York City Public Theater's production of The Bacchae. He was in A Behanding on Broadway with Christopher Walken.Notorious was a film that featured a portrayal of late American rapper tHe late American rapper tHe late American rapper tThe film Notorious was a film that featured a portrayal of late American rapper t The film Notorious was a film that featured a portrayal He played the role of Shakur in the 2001 play Up Against the Wind. He appeared in The Hurt Locker in 2009. The Best That Never Was is a documentary about Marcus Dupree. He played a sympathetic member of a shadowy supernatural group in The Adjustment Bureau. Captain America: The Winter Soldier was a sequel to Captain America: The First Avenger. He reprised the role in a number of films over the next several years.In All the Way, <mask> played Martin Luther King Jr. The Hate U Give, a film adaptation of the bestselling novel of the same name, featured <mask> as King. IO was a science-fiction film that was released in 2019. The second season of Altered Carbon was announced in July of 2018. The fifth season of Black Mirror was announced in March of 2019. The Falcon and the Winter Soldier, a television series starring <mask> and Sebastian Stan, will debut on the Disney+ streaming service on March 19, 2021. The science fiction film Outside the Wire was released on January 15, 2021.The deal to reprise the role of Captain America was closed in August of 2021. In January 2022, it was announced that <mask> will helm the drama film, starring Saniyya Sidney, as his directorial debut project. He was going to star in a live-action series adaptation of the Twisted Metal game at Peacock and was going to lead an action film called Ending Things. He married his childhood sweetheart Sheletta Chapital. They divorced. There are four children with the couple. NoBar was opened in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn in the summer of 2011.He had plans to open a second NoBar in Brooklyn, but it was closed in 2015. There are links to 1978 births of 21st-century American male actors African-American male actors American male film actors American male television actors American male video game actors and American male voice actors.

50715013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Gerhardstein

Al Gerhardstein

Alphonse A. Gerhardstein (born 1951) is a civil rights attorney in Ohio who has been litigating since 1976. While he is best known nationally as lead counsel for James Obergefell in the Supreme Court's same-sex marriage decision Obergefell v. Hodges, he has been an advocate on behalf of prisoners, victims of police misconduct and women seeking reproductive freedom throughout his career, in addition to LGBTQ causes like same-sex marriage. He has recovered millions of dollars for victims of official misconduct. He is also the founder of the Ohio Justice and Policy Center, a nonprofit agency that advocates and litigates for criminal justice reform. Early life Gerhardstein was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Carolyn and Richard Gerhardstein. His father was the manager of a commercial chicken farm for over ten years, then lost both his job and the pension he had been promised. In an interview on WCET, the local Cincinnati PBS affiliate, Gerhardstein described how this experience and its effect on his family deeply impressed upon him the plight of powerless individuals in the face of powerful corporations. He attended Beloit College, class of '73, where he met and married Mimi Gingold, the daughter of juvenile court judge Archie Gingold of St. Paul, Minnesota. He attended New York University School of Law on a Root-Tilden public interest scholarship and earned his Juris Doctor in 1976. Legal career Gerhardstein began his legal career as a Reginald Heber Smith Fellow at the Legal Aid Society of Cincinnati, Ohio. After two years, he joined Robert Laufman, a leading civil rights attorney, practicing primarily in the areas of employment discrimination, police misconduct and prisoner rights. After Laufman's retirement in 2004, Jennifer Branch joined him as a partner and the firm became Gerhardstein and Branch, LPA. The firm states its mission as advocating on behalf of those without power. Civil rights practice Prisoner rights Gerhardstein commented in a Frontline interview that prisoners have no political base, only the power of the courts to redress grievances. He has sought to redress those grievances through litigation. In 1994, Gerhardstein was named lead counsel in a class action against the state officers, administrators and staff of the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, on behalf of inmate victims of the riot that occurred there in 1993. The plaintiffs were awarded a record $4.1 million as part of a class action settlement that included sweeping reforms of the practices and procedures at that maximum security prison. Gerhardstein and fellow attorney Robert Laufman had previously sued the state of Ohio for cruel and unusual punishment on behalf of several mentally ill prisoners. After filing the legal action, he worked with the defendant Director of the Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections to address the underlying problems. That collaboration resulted in a court enforced consent decree providing for reforms based on a treatment-oriented approach to mentally ill inmates in all Ohio state prisons. He also filed a class action challenging the level of medical and dental services provided for inmates by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction in 2003. That challenge resulted in a settlement agreement that provided for a five-year supervised plan to substantially improve those services. From 2008–2015, Gerhardstein worked with the Children's Law Center of Covington, Kentucky and achieved significant reforms in the Ohio juvenile justice system by entering into an agreed order in cooperation with the defendant administrators of the Ohio Department of Youth Services on behalf of incarcerated juveniles. That agreement eventually resulted in a dramatic reduction of the inmate population, closure of several juvenile prisons, elimination of solitary confinement and improved mental health, educational and recreational services for the children in the juvenile detention facilities throughout the state. Police misconduct "There are lots of different strategies that don't rely on arresting black people and feeding more mass incarceration, and that's what we've worked so hard on." Gerhardstein is quoted as saying in an article published in The Atlantic. In 2001, Gerhardstein and co-counsel filed a class action on behalf of the Cincinnati Black United Front and Ohio ACLU challenging the use of excessive force and racial profiling by the Cincinnati Police Department. The case was resolved through a collaborative plan, a mediation process that was markedly different from the approach taken in similar actions filed in other jurisdictions. Gerhardstein explained, "[w]e went to court because we've tracked 30 years of promises by the city. We need to have a set of promises that are enforceable." One month after that action was filed, an unarmed black teenager was shot and killed by a Cincinnati police officer, sparking riots throughout the city. Continuing his approach to resolve serious underlying systemic problems, Gerhardstein participated along with city officials, the police union, and citizens in the creation of a collaborative agreement that established wide reaching reforms in the department that has become a model for other jurisdictions. One of Gerhardstein's areas of focus has been taser reform. He has litigated cases and published a white paper seeking policies and training that require officers to avoid chest shots and other tactics that increase the risk of injury. The local county sheriff's association responded to the white paper, opening a valuable local dialogue. Significant federal court decisions involving tasers include Goodwin, Brown (two cases challenging chest shots), and Peabody (challenging taser discharge at man on top of fence). Reproductive freedom Gerhardstein has represented the Planned Parenthood affiliate in Cincinnati and other Ohio abortion providers since 1985. After the Planned Parenthood clinic was firebombed in December, 1985, he secured an order requiring the hundreds of protesters to respect the women arriving as patients at the temporary clinic and to respect their right of access. His lawsuits challenged numerous Ohio laws restricting abortion and many were held to be unconstitutional. LGBT rights Gerhardstein has also been an active advocate for the rights of the LGBT community. In 1994, for example, he sued the city of Cincinnati unsuccessfully for five years in an effort to strike down an infamous Cincinnati Charter provision that prohibited the enactment of any law that protected the gay community. After the Supreme Court's decision in Romer v. Evans, striking down a Colorado law with almost identical language to that in the Cincinnati Charter, the case was remanded to the Sixth Circuit to be considered in light of the new precedent. However, the Sixth Circuit upheld the amendment for the second time, and it stood until overturned by Cincinnati voters in 2004. He and his law partner, Jennifer Branch, have also represented individual gay and transgender persons in employment discrimination actions. An opportunity to further the cause of gay rights arrived when Gerhardstein was first introduced to James Obergefell and his dying husband, John Arthur, in 2013. He met with them and explained that Ohio would not recognize their Maryland same-sex marriage. As a result, when he died, the death certificate for John would state that he was a single person with no surviving spouse. Changing that would require immediate legal action against the state. Obergefell said that Al was the perfect attorney for them and is unsure they would have gone forward with anyone else. Gerhardstein filed suit in federal court seeking an emergency injunction prohibiting the state of Ohio from issuing a death certificate for John that listed the deceased as single and without a surviving spouse. The trial court decided in their favor, holding that "[u]nder the Constitution of the United States, Ohio must recognize on Ohio death certificates valid same-sex marriages from other states." Other rulings soon followed. A similar case was decided in favor of married same-sex parents who had given birth following in-vitro conception and who adopted children and wanted both parents listed on their children's birth certificates. The state of Ohio appealed to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. Those cases were consolidated with others from district courts within the Sixth Circuit that were more broadly and directly challenging gay marriage bans. The appellate court reversed the trial courts' decisions and held that states could indeed ban same-sex marriage. Ultimately, Gerhardstein and other lawyers whose cases had been consolidated petitioned the United States Supreme Court for a hearing, which was granted. Gerhardstein observed in a televised interview in April, 2015, that this was a civics lesson for the country that core constitutional principles are not up to the majority to decide. On June 26, 2015 the Court announced its historic decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that established same-sex marriage, finding that same-sex couples had a constitutional right to marry in all fifty states. That decision has been called "the sweetest victory in Al's career." Referenced cases In re Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, 173 F.R.D. 205 (S.D. Ohio 1997). Fussel et al. v. Wilkinson, Case No. 1-03-CV-704, 2005 WL 3132321, (S.D. Ohio Nov. 22, 2005). Dunn v. Voinovich, Case No. C1-93-0166 (S.D. Ohio 2000). S.H. v. Taft, No. 2:04-cv-1206, 2007 WL 1989753 (S.D. Ohio July 9, 2007). In re Cincinnati Policing, 209 F.R.D. 395 (S.D. Ohio 2002). Goodwin v. City of Painesville, 781 F.3d 314 (6th Cir. 2015). Brown v. Chapman, 814 F.3d 447 (6th Cir. 2016). Peabody v. Perry Twp., Ohio, No. 2:10-cv-1078, 2013 WL 1327026 (S.D. Ohio 2013). Planned Parenthood Ass'n. of Cinti., Inc. v. Project Jericho, 556 N.E.2d 157 (Ohio St. 1990). Women’s Medical Professional Corp v. Taft, 114 F. Supp. 2d 664 (S.D. Ohio 2000). Cincinnati Women’s Services v. Taft, 468 F.3d 361 (6th Cir. 2006). Planned Parenthood Southwest Ohio Region v. Hodges, USDC, SDOH, Case No. 2:15-cv-3079. Glover v. Williamsburg Local School Dist. Bd. of Educ., 20 F.Supp.2d 1160 (S.D. Ohio 1998). Barnes v. City of Cincinnati, 401 F.3d 729 (6th Cir. 2005). Obergefell v. Kasich, No. 13-cv-501, 2013 WL 3814262 (S.D. Ohio July 22, 2013). DeBoer v. Snyder, 772 F.3d 388 (6th Cir. 2014). Obergefell v. Hodges, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015). Publications* Alphonse Gerhardstein, Making a Buck While Making a Difference, 21 Michigan Journal of Race & Law 251 (2016). Alphonse Gerhardstein & David Krings, Uncomfortably True, Police Misconduct Cases, Keys to Appropriate Methods of Resolution, 10 Public Management (2012). Alphonse Gerhardstein, Can Effective Apology Emerge Through Litigation? 72 Law and Contemporary Problems No. 2, Spring 2009. Alphonse Gerhardstein, Leveraging Maximum Reform While Enforcing Minimum Standards, XXXVI Fordham Urban Law Journal No. 1, January 2009. Alphonse Gerhardstein, A Practitioner’s Guide to Successful Jury Trials on Behalf of Prisoner-Plaintiffs, 24 Pace Law Rev. No. 2 Spring 2004. Alphonse Gerhardstein, PLRA Can Affect Private Practitioner’s Ability to Represent Inmates, XIII Correctional Law Reporter 66 (Feb/Mar 2002). Awards and recognitions 2016 – Holmes-Weatherly Award, Unitarian Universalist Association, Boston, Massachusetts 2016 – Honorary Degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, Meadville Lombard Theological School, Chicago, IL 2016 – Making Democracy Work Award (Joint with wife, Mimi Gingold), League of Women Voters of the Cincinnati Area 2015 – Courage Award, Ohio Association for Justice 2015 – Ally for Equality Award, for support to LGBT Community, Equality Ohio 2014 – Racial Justice Award, YWCA Greater Cincinnati 2014 – Theodor M. Berry Award, Cincinnati Chapter, NAACP 2010 – Courage Award, Ohio Association for Justice 2008 – The Diamond Award for Leadership, Service and Support, Planned Parenthood Southwest Ohio Region 2008 – Jewish National Fund/Judge Carl B. Rubin Legal Society Attorney of the Year 2007 – President's Award, for dedication to community service, civil rights, and to the Sentinels Police Association's Mission, Sentinel Police Association 2005 – Martin Luther King Spirit Award Baptist Minister's Conference, Health Alliance of Cincinnati, UC Medical Center 2003 – Charles P. Taft Civic Gumption Award, Charter Party of Cincinnati 2002 – Wright-Overstreet Award for Community Service, NAACP Cincinnati Chapter 2001 – Outstanding Achievement Award, Cincinnati Women's Political Caucus 1998 – Community Service Award, Stonewall Cincinnati 1995 – Andrew B. Dennison Courageous Advocate Award Potter Stewart Inn of Court References 1951 births Living people Beloit College alumni New York University School of Law alumni Lawyers from Cleveland Ohio lawyers Jewish American attorneys 21st-century American Jews

<mask><mask> (born 1951) is a civil rights attorney in Ohio who has been litigating since 1976. While he is best known nationally as lead counsel for James Obergefell in the Supreme Court's same-sex marriage decision Obergefell v. Hodges, he has been an advocate on behalf of prisoners, victims of police misconduct and women seeking reproductive freedom throughout his career, in addition to LGBTQ causes like same-sex marriage. He has recovered millions of dollars for victims of official misconduct. He is also the founder of the Ohio Justice and Policy Center, a nonprofit agency that advocates and litigates for criminal justice reform. Early life <mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Carolyn and <mask>. His father was the manager of a commercial chicken farm for over ten years, then lost both his job and the pension he had been promised. In an interview on WCET, the local Cincinnati PBS affiliate, <mask> described how this experience and its effect on his family deeply impressed upon him the plight of powerless individuals in the face of powerful corporations.He attended Beloit College, class of '73, where he met and married Mimi Gingold, the daughter of juvenile court judge Archie Gingold of St. Paul, Minnesota. He attended New York University School of Law on a Root-Tilden public interest scholarship and earned his Juris Doctor in 1976. Legal career <mask> began his legal career as a Reginald Heber Smith Fellow at the Legal Aid Society of Cincinnati, Ohio. After two years, he joined Robert Laufman, a leading civil rights attorney, practicing primarily in the areas of employment discrimination, police misconduct and prisoner rights. After Laufman's retirement in 2004, Jennifer Branch joined him as a partner and the firm became Gerhardstein and Branch, LPA. The firm states its mission as advocating on behalf of those without power. Civil rights practice Prisoner rights Gerhardstein commented in a Frontline interview that prisoners have no political base, only the power of the courts to redress grievances.He has sought to redress those grievances through litigation. In 1994, <mask> was named lead counsel in a class action against the state officers, administrators and staff of the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, on behalf of inmate victims of the riot that occurred there in 1993. The plaintiffs were awarded a record $4.1 million as part of a class action settlement that included sweeping reforms of the practices and procedures at that maximum security prison. <mask> and fellow attorney Robert Laufman had previously sued the state of Ohio for cruel and unusual punishment on behalf of several mentally ill prisoners. After filing the legal action, he worked with the defendant Director of the Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections to address the underlying problems. That collaboration resulted in a court enforced consent decree providing for reforms based on a treatment-oriented approach to mentally ill inmates in all Ohio state prisons. He also filed a class action challenging the level of medical and dental services provided for inmates by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction in 2003.That challenge resulted in a settlement agreement that provided for a five-year supervised plan to substantially improve those services. From 2008–2015, Gerhardstein worked with the Children's Law Center of Covington, Kentucky and achieved significant reforms in the Ohio juvenile justice system by entering into an agreed order in cooperation with the defendant administrators of the Ohio Department of Youth Services on behalf of incarcerated juveniles. That agreement eventually resulted in a dramatic reduction of the inmate population, closure of several juvenile prisons, elimination of solitary confinement and improved mental health, educational and recreational services for the children in the juvenile detention facilities throughout the state. Police misconduct "There are lots of different strategies that don't rely on arresting black people and feeding more mass incarceration, and that's what we've worked so hard on." <mask> is quoted as saying in an article published in The Atlantic. In 2001, <mask> and co-counsel filed a class action on behalf of the Cincinnati Black United Front and Ohio ACLU challenging the use of excessive force and racial profiling by the Cincinnati Police Department. The case was resolved through a collaborative plan, a mediation process that was markedly different from the approach taken in similar actions filed in other jurisdictions.<mask> explained, "[w]e went to court because we've tracked 30 years of promises by the city. We need to have a set of promises that are enforceable." One month after that action was filed, an unarmed black teenager was shot and killed by a Cincinnati police officer, sparking riots throughout the city. Continuing his approach to resolve serious underlying systemic problems, <mask> participated along with city officials, the police union, and citizens in the creation of a collaborative agreement that established wide reaching reforms in the department that has become a model for other jurisdictions. One of <mask>'s areas of focus has been taser reform. He has litigated cases and published a white paper seeking policies and training that require officers to avoid chest shots and other tactics that increase the risk of injury. The local county sheriff's association responded to the white paper, opening a valuable local dialogue.Significant federal court decisions involving tasers include Goodwin, Brown (two cases challenging chest shots), and Peabody (challenging taser discharge at man on top of fence). Reproductive freedom <mask> has represented the Planned Parenthood affiliate in Cincinnati and other Ohio abortion providers since 1985. After the Planned Parenthood clinic was firebombed in December, 1985, he secured an order requiring the hundreds of protesters to respect the women arriving as patients at the temporary clinic and to respect their right of access. His lawsuits challenged numerous Ohio laws restricting abortion and many were held to be unconstitutional. LGBT rights <mask> has also been an active advocate for the rights of the LGBT community. In 1994, for example, he sued the city of Cincinnati unsuccessfully for five years in an effort to strike down an infamous Cincinnati Charter provision that prohibited the enactment of any law that protected the gay community. After the Supreme Court's decision in Romer v. Evans, striking down a Colorado law with almost identical language to that in the Cincinnati Charter, the case was remanded to the Sixth Circuit to be considered in light of the new precedent.However, the Sixth Circuit upheld the amendment for the second time, and it stood until overturned by Cincinnati voters in 2004. He and his law partner, Jennifer Branch, have also represented individual gay and transgender persons in employment discrimination actions. An opportunity to further the cause of gay rights arrived when <mask> was first introduced to James Obergefell and his dying husband, John Arthur, in 2013. He met with them and explained that Ohio would not recognize their Maryland same-sex marriage. As a result, when he died, the death certificate for John would state that he was a single person with no surviving spouse. Changing that would require immediate legal action against the state. Obergefell said that <mask> was the perfect attorney for them and is unsure they would have gone forward with anyone else.<mask> filed suit in federal court seeking an emergency injunction prohibiting the state of Ohio from issuing a death certificate for John that listed the deceased as single and without a surviving spouse. The trial court decided in their favor, holding that "[u]nder the Constitution of the United States, Ohio must recognize on Ohio death certificates valid same-sex marriages from other states." Other rulings soon followed. A similar case was decided in favor of married same-sex parents who had given birth following in-vitro conception and who adopted children and wanted both parents listed on their children's birth certificates. The state of Ohio appealed to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. Those cases were consolidated with others from district courts within the Sixth Circuit that were more broadly and directly challenging gay marriage bans. The appellate court reversed the trial courts' decisions and held that states could indeed ban same-sex marriage.Ultimately, <mask> and other lawyers whose cases had been consolidated petitioned the United States Supreme Court for a hearing, which was granted. <mask> observed in a televised interview in April, 2015, that this was a civics lesson for the country that core constitutional principles are not up to the majority to decide. On June 26, 2015 the Court announced its historic decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that established same-sex marriage, finding that same-sex couples had a constitutional right to marry in all fifty states. That decision has been called "the sweetest victory in <mask>'s career." Referenced cases In re Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, 173 F.R.D. 205 (S.D. Ohio 1997).Fussel et al. v. Wilkinson, Case No. 1-03-CV-704, 2005 WL 3132321, (S.D. Ohio Nov. 22, 2005). Dunn v. Voinovich, Case No. C1-93-0166 (S.D. Ohio 2000).S.H. v. Taft, No. 2:04-cv-1206, 2007 WL 1989753 (S.D. Ohio July 9, 2007). In re Cincinnati Policing, 209 F.R.D. 395 (S.D. Ohio 2002).Goodwin v. City of Painesville, 781 F.3d 314 (6th Cir. 2015). Brown v. Chapman, 814 F.3d 447 (6th Cir. 2016). Peabody v. Perry Twp., Ohio, No. 2:10-cv-1078, 2013 WL 1327026 (S.D. Ohio 2013).Planned Parenthood Ass'n. of Cinti., Inc. v. Project Jericho, 556 N.E.2d 157 (Ohio St. 1990). Women’s Medical Professional Corp v. Taft, 114 F. Supp. 2d 664 (S.D. Ohio 2000). Cincinnati Women’s Services v. Taft, 468 F.3d 361 (6th Cir. 2006).Planned Parenthood Southwest Ohio Region v. Hodges, USDC, SDOH, Case No. 2:15-cv-3079. Glover v. Williamsburg Local School Dist. Bd. of Educ., 20 F.Supp.2d 1160 (S.D. Ohio 1998). Barnes v. City of Cincinnati, 401 F.3d 729 (6th Cir.2005). Obergefell v. Kasich, No. 13-cv-501, 2013 WL 3814262 (S.D. Ohio July 22, 2013). DeBoer v. Snyder, 772 F.3d 388 (6th Cir. 2014). Obergefell v. Hodges, 135 S.Ct.2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015). Publications* <mask> <mask>, Making a Buck While Making a Difference, 21 Michigan Journal of Race & Law 251 (2016). <mask> <mask> & David Krings, Uncomfortably True, Police Misconduct Cases, Keys to Appropriate Methods of Resolution, 10 Public Management (2012). <mask> <mask>, Can Effective Apology Emerge Through Litigation? 72 Law and Contemporary Problems No. 2, Spring 2009. <mask> <mask>, Leveraging Maximum Reform While Enforcing Minimum Standards, XXXVI Fordham Urban Law Journal No.1, January 2009. <mask> <mask>, A Practitioner’s Guide to Successful Jury Trials on Behalf of Prisoner-Plaintiffs, 24 Pace Law Rev. No. 2 Spring 2004. <mask> <mask>, PLRA Can Affect Private Practitioner’s Ability to Represent Inmates, XIII Correctional Law Reporter 66 (Feb/Mar 2002).

A civil rights attorney in Ohio, <mask><mask> has been litigating since 1976. He is best known as the lead counsel for James Obergefell in the Supreme Court's same-sex marriage decision, but he has been an advocate for prisoners, victims of police misconduct and women seeking reproductive freedom throughout his career. He has recovered millions of dollars for victims of official malfeasance. The Ohio Justice and Policy Center is a nonprofit agency that advocates and litigates for criminal justice reform. Carolyn and Richard were the parents of early life Gerhardstein. His father lost his job as the manager of a chicken farm after ten years and was promised a pension. In an interview on WCET, the local Cincinnati PBS affiliate, <mask> described how this experience and its effect on his family deeply impressed him the plight of powerless individuals in the face of powerful corporations.He met and married the daughter of a juvenile court judge when he was a student at Beloit College. He received his Juris Doctor from the New York University School of Law. The Legal Aid Society of Cincinnati, Ohio was where <mask> began his legal career. He joined Robert Laufman, a leading civil rights attorney, after two years, practicing primarily in the areas of employment discrimination, police misconduct and prisoner rights. The firm became Gerhardstein and Branch after Laufman's retirement in 2004. The firm's mission is to advocate on behalf of those without power. Civil rights practice Prisoner rights <mask> commented in an interview that prisoners have no political base and only the power of the courts to resolve grievances.He has tried to resolve those grievances through litigation. In 1994, <mask> was named lead counsel in a class action against the state officers, administrators and staff of the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, on behalf of inmate victims of the riot that occurred there in 1993. The class action settlement included sweeping reforms of the practices and procedures at that maximum security prison, which resulted in a record $4.1 million being awarded to the plaintiffs. Attorneys Robert Laufman and <mask> had previously sued the state of Ohio for cruel and unusual punishment on behalf of mentally ill prisoners. He worked with the Director of the Department of Rehabilitation and Correction to address the underlying problems after filing the legal action. The consent decree provided for reforms based on a treatment oriented approach to mentally ill inmates in all Ohio state prisons. The level of medical and dental services provided for inmates by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction was challenged in a class action.The settlement agreement provided for a five-year plan to improve those services. In order to achieve significant reforms in the Ohio juvenile justice system, <mask> worked with the Children's Law Center of Kentucky and the administrators of the Ohio Department of Youth Services. The agreement resulted in a reduction of the inmate population, the closing of several juvenile prisons, the elimination of solitary confinement, and improved mental health, educational and recreational services for the children in the juvenile detention facilities throughout the state. "There are lots of different strategies that don't rely on arresting black people and feeding more mass incarceration, and that's what we've worked so hard on." The article was published in The Atlantic. In 2001, <mask> and co-counsel filed a class action on behalf of the Cincinnati Black United Front and Ohio ACLU challenging the use of excessive force and racial profiling by the Cincinnati Police Department. The mediation process used to resolve the case was markedly different from the approach taken in similar actions in other countries.We went to court because we tracked 30 years of promises by the city. There needs to be a set of promises that are binding. After that action was filed, a black teenager was shot and killed by a Cincinnati police officer, sparking riots throughout the city. In the creation of a collaborative agreement that established wide reaching reforms in the department that has become a model for other jurisdictions, <mask> participated along with city officials, the police union, and citizens. taser reform is one of the areas of focus for Gerhardstein. He published a white paper on policies and training that required officers to avoid chest shots and other tactics that increase the risk of injury. The local sheriff's association responded to the white paper.There are a number of federal court decisions involving tasers. Since 1985, reproductive freedom <mask> has represented abortion providers in Ohio. He secured an order requiring the hundreds of protesters to respect the women arriving as patients at the temporary clinic and to respect their right of access. Many of the Ohio laws that restricted abortion were found to be unconstitutional. He has been an advocate for the rights of the LGBT community. He sued the city of Cincinnati for five years in an effort to strike down a charter provision that prevented the enactment of any law that protected the gay community. The case was sent to the Sixth Circuit to consider the new precedent after the Supreme Court struck down a Colorado law that was almost identical to the Cincinnati Charter.The amendment was upheld by the Sixth Circuit for the second time, but it was overturned by Cincinnati voters in 2004. He and his partner have represented gay and trans people in employment discrimination actions. When James Obergefell and his dying husband, John Arthur, were introduced to <mask>, there was an opportunity to further the cause of gay rights. He told them that Ohio wouldn't recognize their marriage from Maryland. John's death certificate stated that he was a single person with no surviving spouse. Immediate legal action against the state would be required to change that. Obergefell doesn't know if they would have gone forward with anyone other than <mask>.The state of Ohio is accused of issuing a death certificate for John that listed him as single and without a surviving spouse. The trial court decided that Ohio must recognize same-sex marriages from other states if they are valid on death certificates. There were other rulings soon after. A similar case was decided in favor of married same-sex parents who had given birth following in-vitro conception and who wanted both parents listed on their children's birth certificates. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals was appealed to by the state of Ohio. Those cases were consolidated with others from district courts in the Sixth Circuit that were challenging gay marriage bans. The trial courts' decisions were reversed by the appellate court.The United States Supreme Court granted a hearing for the lawyers whose cases had been consolidated. The civics lesson for the country is that core constitutional principles are not up to the majority. The Court found that same-sex couples had a constitutional right to marry in all fifty states. The decision was called the sweetest victory in <mask>'s career. The cases were referred to in re Southern Ohio Correctional Facility. S.D. is 205 The state of Ohio in 1997.Fussel et al. The case was v. Wilkinson. The 2005 WL 3132321 is called 1-03-CV-704. Ohio on Nov. 22, 2005. The case is called Dunn v. Voinovich. S.D. C1-93-0166 Ohio 2000S.H. v. The case was filed in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. The state of Ohio on July 9, 2007. In re Cincinnati policing, 209 F.R.D. 395 (S.D.) Ohio 2002)The case was heard in the 6th Circuit. The year 2015. Brown v. Chapman was heard in the 6th Circuit. They did it in 2016). The case is Peabody v. Perry Twp., Ohio. The case was filed in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. The state of Ohio.The organization is named ass'n. The case was brought by Cinti., Inc. There is a women's medical professional corporation. 2d 663 (S.D. Ohio 2000 The Cincinnati Women's Services case was decided by the 6th Circuit. They did it in 2006).The case was brought by the Southwest Ohio Region of the organization. 2 pm-cv 3079. There is a case against the school district. Bd. S.D. of Educ., 20 F.Supp.2d 1160 The state of Ohio in 1998. Barnes v. City of Cincinnati was decided in the 6th Circuit.The year 2005. The case was Obergefell v. Kasich. There is a case in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. The state of Ohio on July 22, 2013). The DeBoer case was heard in the 6th Circuit. The year 2014). The case was Obergefell v. Hodges.192 L.Ed.2d 609 was published in 2015. Making a Buck While Making a Difference was published in the 21 Michigan Journal of Race & Law. Police Misconduct Cases, Keys to Appropriate Methods of Resolution, 10 Public Management was written by <mask> <mask> and David Krings. Is it possible for effective apology to emerge through litigation? There are 72 law and contemporary problems. The spring of 2009. <mask> <mask> is the author of Leveraging Maximum Reform while Enforcing Minimum Standards.January 1, 2009. The Guide to Successful Jury Trials on Behalf of Prisoner-Plaintiffs was written by <mask> <mask>. No. The spring of 2004. <mask> <mask> can affect private practitioners ability to represent inmates.

5621742

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lura%20%28singer%29

Lura (singer)

Lura (born Maria de Lurdes Assunção Pina; 31 July 1975, Lisboal) is a Portuguese singer and musician, of Cape Verdean descent. Her compositions are based on traditional Cape-Verdean music as for example the Morna, Funaná and Batuque, and influenced by African and contemporary Western music. Biography The Portuguese voice that leads us to the Cape Verdean nostalgia Maria de Lurdes Assunção Pina – which artistic name is Lura – was born in 31 July 1975, in Alfredo da Costa Maternity, Lisbon.  She is a daughter of Cape Verdean parents, her mother was born in Santo Antão and her father in Santiago. Lura was the first of 4 brothers and was the only artist in the family. Her soul is imbue with two cultures that are present in her life, her melodies and in her artist path: the Portuguese and the Cape Verdean. Being the eldest daughter and child of divorced parents Lura became a fighter. She always felt the need to be at her mother side and fight to give her brothers a better life, even if she had to give up a bit her of childhood. But she passes through the hardest moments of her life with a permanent smile in her face, and without bitterness or pain. Growing up in social neighbourhood she believes that the place where she lived wouldn't made her a looser or a resigned person. On the other and she gain the perspective that the persistence, hard work and determination would be the key for a future wonderful life. The Athlete, Dance or Singer Lura's determination, focus and hard work will only position her as one of the best in any field of her life and because of this characteristic the world almost lost an international singer (and maybe one of the biggest expressions of the Cape Verdean culture) to win an athlete or a dancer.  But for the disgrace of the dancers and swimming lovers she followed the path of the musical notes. Everything started with Juka, a São Tomé singer that invited her to participate in his album. Lura remembers: “I had only seventeen years old and was supposed to do some chorus but at the end Juka asked me to perform a duo with him. I’ve never dreamed of singing but he insisted and…” This was the moment when she discovers her profound and sensual voice! But she didn't feel the need to take the music serious and preferred to follow her sports and dance dream, even with the tremendous success of the Hit. At the age of 21 a Portuguese producer help her to record her first album. This was an album with a strong commercial component and with a musical style more directed for dance and her generation. The song “Nha Vida” (My life) turned into a Hit when it was included in the album Red Hot + Lisbon, in 1997.   At this is the moment Lura's life turns definitely into the music and performing (also due to a sports injury). The “Na Ri Na" Success It was the year of 2000 when Lura does a duo with Bonga in the song "Mulemba Xangola" and the recording company of the well-kwon Cesária Evora - Lusafrica - discovers her talent. They signed with the artist and in 2004 and they produced the album Di Korpu Ku Alma (From Body and Soul). This was the  first truly Cape Verdean Lura's album, that quickly goes across borders and was released in more than 10 countries including USA, Italy and UK – where it was nominated for the BBC World Music Awards. The famous writer José Eduardo Agualusa quotes about the album Di Korpu Ku Alma: "… The future of the Cape Verdean music has a name and that name is Lura”. At the same time the Britannic journal, The Independent states: "… when she starts with her international career this girl will fill-up the stadiums”. In November 2006 was released the new album M’bem di Fora (I came from outside) and in France, Lura was nominated for the “Victoires de la Musique", in the best album category. She also does a World tour with this album and conquers an audience more and more faithful and attentive to her music. Three years later, the album Eclipse confirms the singer enormous success, turning Lura into the pearl of new generation of the Cape Verdean music.  At this time Lura states: “My career is a constant surprise, since the discovery of my own voice in my teenager times until today. I live day by day, but one thing I can't deny: I will sing until the last day of my life”. In 2010, Lusafrica releases the album The Best of Lura that collects her best songs and includes the hit “Moda Bô” – a song that she wrote to honour the diva Cesária Évora featuring the diva herself. The Best of also includes a DVD with a Lura's Concert. As any other artist, Lura was heartbroken when Cesária Évora passed away in December 2011. One year after she made her a tribute to Cesária with the song “Nós Diva”, only released on the YouTube. Returning to her Cape Verdean Roots and coming back to Lisbon Lura decided to move to Praia City to experience the Cape Verdean reality. She consolidates her relationship with Cape Verdean musicians and Composers but for her fans joy she continues to perform all over the World. She returns to the studios to record her album Herança in 2015. This album has strong Cape Verdean influence: is vibrant and frankly danceable with songs like “Maria di Lida”, “Sabi di Más” and “Ness Tempo di Nha Bidjissa” with the rhythm of Funaná and imbue with the Island real energy, retreating  the Cape Verdean Intensity, their people, traditions in the most charismatic and melodic voice of her generation: Lura's voice. In 2016 Lura gives birth to her beautiful daughter Nina and in 2018 returns to her hometown, Lisbon. Also in 2018 an EP was released with the song “ALguem di Alguem” (a frenetic and rhythmic funana) and “Crespuscular Solidão” a song featuring Gael Faye as a tribute to Cesária Évora. This theme was performed for the first time at the Festival Sakifo in La Réunion Island. In January 2021 Lura initiates a revolution in her life: She changes her manager and team to Miguel Garcia (manager) and Lisboa Amsterdam. This revolutions starts with the conception and recording of her new album that has the production of the young but already promising Portuguese producer Agir. This album promises to celebrate the Luso-African culture with one of its more important and actual identity: the singer Lura. October 2021 is the planned date for the release of the so expected new album.  In 2021 Lura also celebrates 25 years of career. Discography Albums All of the albums were released by Lusafrica with the exception of Nha Vida and Herança Nha Vida (1996) In Love (2002) Di Korpu Ku Alma (2005) M'bem di fora (2006) Eclipse (2009) Herança (2015) Compilation album Best Of''' (2010) Singles "Nha Vida" - in the album "Nha Vida, later appeared in the live album Onda Sonora: Red Hot + Lisbon and the compilation Best Of "Interlude", performed by DJ Wally + Lura - in the live album Onda Sonora: Red Hot + Lisbon "Libramor" - in the album Eclipse "Um Dia" (ALUPEK: Un Dia) - in the album Eclipse, also appeared in the compilation Best Of "Tabanka" - in the album Eclipse "Canta Um Tango" (ALUPEK: Kanta Un Tangu) - in the album Eclipse"Nhu Santiago" in the album Herança"Moda Bô" in the compilation Best Of"Amor É Tão Sabe" - in the compilation Best Of"Na Ri Na" - in the compilation Best Of"Ponciana" - in the compilation Best Of"Vazulina" - in the compilation Best Of"Quebrod Nem Djosa" - in the compilation Best OfDVDs All releases here were by LusafricaDi Korpu Ku Alma (2005)Best Of'' (2010) References External links Official Webpage https://www.instagram.com/lura_criola/ Lura on www.african-music-guide.com Lura's Biography on the African Music Guide Lura at Mindelo Infos 1975 births Living people 21st-century Portuguese women singers Portuguese people of Cape Verdean descent Singers from Lisbon

Lura (born Maria de Lurdes Assunção Pina; 31 July 1975, Lisboal) is a Portuguese singer and musician, of Cape Verdean descent. Her compositions are based on traditional Cape-Verdean music as for example the Morna, Funaná and Batuque, and influenced by African and contemporary Western music. Biography The Portuguese voice that leads us to the Cape Verdean nostalgia Maria de Lurdes Assunção Pina – which artistic name is Lura – was born in 31 July 1975, in Alfredo da Costa Maternity, Lisbon. She is a daughter of Cape Verdean parents, her mother was born in Santo Antão and her father in Santiago. Lura was the first of 4 brothers and was the only artist in the family. Her soul is imbue with two cultures that are present in her life, her melodies and in her artist path: the Portuguese and the Cape Verdean. Being the eldest daughter and child of divorced parents Lura became a fighter.She always felt the need to be at her mother side and fight to give her brothers a better life, even if she had to give up a bit her of childhood. But she passes through the hardest moments of her life with a permanent smile in her face, and without bitterness or pain. Growing up in social neighbourhood she believes that the place where she lived wouldn't made her a looser or a resigned person. On the other and she gain the perspective that the persistence, hard work and determination would be the key for a future wonderful life. The Athlete, Dance or Singer Lura's determination, focus and hard work will only position her as one of the best in any field of her life and because of this characteristic the world almost lost an international singer (and maybe one of the biggest expressions of the Cape Verdean culture) to win an athlete or a dancer. But for the disgrace of the dancers and swimming lovers she followed the path of the musical notes. Everything started with Juka, a São Tomé singer that invited her to participate in his album.Lura remembers: “I had only seventeen years old and was supposed to do some chorus but at the end Juka asked me to perform a duo with him. I’ve never dreamed of singing but he insisted and…” This was the moment when she discovers her profound and sensual voice! But she didn't feel the need to take the music serious and preferred to follow her sports and dance dream, even with the tremendous success of the Hit. At the age of 21 a Portuguese producer help her to record her first album. This was an album with a strong commercial component and with a musical style more directed for dance and her generation. The song “Nha Vida” (My life) turned into a Hit when it was included in the album Red Hot + Lisbon, in 1997. At this is the moment Lura's life turns definitely into the music and performing (also due to a sports injury).The “Na Ri Na" Success It was the year of 2000 when Lura does a duo with Bonga in the song "Mulemba Xangola" and the recording company of the well-kwon Cesária Evora - Lusafrica - discovers her talent. They signed with the artist and in 2004 and they produced the album Di Korpu Ku Alma (From Body and Soul). This was the  first truly Cape Verdean Lura's album, that quickly goes across borders and was released in more than 10 countries including USA, Italy and UK – where it was nominated for the BBC World Music Awards. The famous writer José Eduardo Agualusa quotes about the album Di Korpu Ku Alma: "… The future of the Cape Verdean music has a name and that name is Lura”. At the same time the Britannic journal, The Independent states: "… when she starts with her international career this girl will fill-up the stadiums”. In November 2006 was released the new album M’bem di Fora (I came from outside) and in France, Lura was nominated for the “Victoires de la Musique", in the best album category. She also does a World tour with this album and conquers an audience more and more faithful and attentive to her music.Three years later, the album Eclipse confirms the singer enormous success, turning Lura into the pearl of new generation of the Cape Verdean music. At this time Lura states: “My career is a constant surprise, since the discovery of my own voice in my teenager times until today. I live day by day, but one thing I can't deny: I will sing until the last day of my life”. In 2010, Lusafrica releases the album The Best of Lura that collects her best songs and includes the hit “Moda Bô” – a song that she wrote to honour the diva Cesária Évora featuring the diva herself. The Best of also includes a DVD with a Lura's Concert. As any other artist, Lura was heartbroken when Cesária Évora passed away in December 2011. One year after she made her a tribute to Cesária with the song “Nós Diva”, only released on the YouTube.Returning to her Cape Verdean Roots and coming back to Lisbon Lura decided to move to Praia City to experience the Cape Verdean reality. She consolidates her relationship with Cape Verdean musicians and Composers but for her fans joy she continues to perform all over the World. She returns to the studios to record her album Herança in 2015. This album has strong Cape Verdean influence: is vibrant and frankly danceable with songs like “Maria di Lida”, “Sabi di Más” and “Ness Tempo di Nha Bidjissa” with the rhythm of Funaná and imbue with the Island real energy, retreating  the Cape Verdean Intensity, their people, traditions in the most charismatic and melodic voice of her generation: Lura's voice. In 2016 Lura gives birth to her beautiful daughter Nina and in 2018 returns to her hometown, Lisbon. Also in 2018 an EP was released with the song “ALguem di Alguem” (a frenetic and rhythmic funana) and “Crespuscular Solidão” a song featuring Gael Faye as a tribute to Cesária Évora. This theme was performed for the first time at the Festival Sakifo in La Réunion Island.In January 2021 Lura initiates a revolution in her life: She changes her manager and team to Miguel Garcia (manager) and Lisboa Amsterdam. This revolutions starts with the conception and recording of her new album that has the production of the young but already promising Portuguese producer Agir. This album promises to celebrate the Luso-African culture with one of its more important and actual identity: the singer <mask>. October 2021 is the planned date for the release of the so expected new album. In 2021 Lura also celebrates 25 years of career.

<mask> is a Portuguese singer and musician of Cape Verdean descent. The Morna, Funan and Batuque are examples of traditional Cape-Verdean music that is influenced by African and contemporary Western music. Maria de Lurdes Assuno Pina was born in Lisbon on July 31, 1975, and her artistic name is Lura. She is a daughter of Cape Verdean parents, her mother was born in Santo Anto and her father in Santiago. Lura was the only artist in the family. She has two cultures in her life, the Portuguese and the Cape Verdean, that are present in her soul. Lura became a fighter because she was the eldest daughter and child of divorced parents.Even if she had to give up a bit of her childhood, she always wanted to give her brothers a better life. She passes through the hardest moments of her life with a smile on her face. She believes that she wouldn't have become a looser or resigned person if she lived in a social neighbourhood. She learns that persistence, hard work and determination are the keys to a wonderful life. Lura's determination, focus and hard work will only position her as one of the best in any field of her life and because of this characteristic the world almost lost an international singer. She followed the path of the musical notes for the disgrace of the dancers and swimming lovers. Juka invited her to participate in his album.<mask> was only seventeen years old when Juka asked him to perform a duo with him. She never dreamed of singing, but this was the moment when she found her voice. Even with the success of the Hit, she preferred to follow her sports and dance dreams. A Portuguese producer helped her record her first album at the age of 21. This album had a strong commercial component and was more geared towards dance and her generation. The song "Nha Vida" turned into a hit when it was included in the album Red Hot + Lisbon in 1997. <mask>'s life is turning into music and performing because of a sports injury.It was the year of 2000 when Lura did a duo with Bonga in the song "Mulemba Xangola". They produced an album in 2004 after signing with the artist. The first truly Cape Verdean Lura's album, that quickly goes across borders and was released in more than 10 countries including USA, Italy and UK, was nominated for the World Music Awards. The future of the Cape Verdean music has a name and that name is Lura according to the famous writer. The Independent states that when she starts with her international career, she will fill up the stadiums. In France, Lura was nominated for the "Victoires de la Musique" in the best album category after the release of the new album M'bem di Fora. She does a World tour with this album and conquers an audience more and more attentive to her music.Eclipse confirms the singer enormous success, turning Lura into the pearl of new generation of Cape Verdean music. Lura states: "My career is a constant surprise since the discovery of my own voice in my teenager times until today." I can't deny that I will sing until the last day of my life, but I live day by day. The Best of Lura is a collection of her best songs and includes the hit "Moda B", which she wrote to honor the diva Cesria vora. The DVD with Lura's Concert is included in the Best. Lura was devastated when Cesria vora passed away. One year after making a tribute to Cesria with a song, she only released it on the internet.<mask> moved to Praia City to experience the Cape Verdean reality after returning to Lisbon. For her fans joy, she continues to perform all over the world, even though she consolidates her relationship with Cape Verdean musicians and Composers. Herana will be recorded in the studio in 2015. The album has a strong Cape Verdean influence, with songs like "Maria di Lida" and "Sabi di Ms" that are danceable. <mask> gave birth to her daughter in 2016 and returned to Lisbon in the same year. The song "ALguem di Alguem" and the song "Crespuscular Solido" were released in the same year. This theme was performed for the first time at a festival.<mask> starts a revolution in her life in January 2021. The conception and recording of her new album is the beginning of the revolutions. The singer <mask> is one of the most important and actual identities of the Luso-African culture. The new album is expected to be released in October of 2021. <mask> will celebrate 25 years of career in 2021.

56049701

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming%20Smith

Ming Smith

Ming Smith is an American photographer. She was the first African-American female photographer whose work was acquired by the Museum Of Modern Art in New York City. Biography Smith was born in Detroit, Michigan, and raised in Columbus, Ohio. After graduating from Howard University in 1973, she moved to New York City, where she found work modeling. While in New York she met photographer Anthony Barboza, who was an early influence. Artistic style Smith's approach to photography has included in-camera techniques such as playing with focus, darkroom techniques like double exposure, collage techniques and paint on prints. Her work is less engaged with documentation of events than with expression of experience. It has been described as surreal and ethereal, as the New York Times observed: "Her work, personal and expressive, draws from a number of artistic sources, preeminently surrealism. She has employed a range of surrealist techniques: photographing her subjects from oblique angles, shooting out of focus or through such atmospheric effects as fog and shadow, playing on unusual juxtapositions, even altering or painting over prints." Smith's early work was composed of photos that were shot quickly to produce elaborate scenes, and due to this process many of her photos have double dates. She has used the technique of hand-tinting in some of her work, notably her Transcendence series. Some of Smith's work displayed in the Museum of Modern Art depicts motherhood in Harlem. These photos are taken using a documentary style way of photographing these subjects. Career Smith has photographed many important black cultural figures during her career, including Alvin Ailey and Nina Simone. In 1973 Smith was featured in the first volume of the Black Photographers Annual, a publication closely affiliated with the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s and early 1970s. Smith had her first exhibition at Cinandre, a hairdressing salon, in 1973 as well. At Cinandre, she met Grace Jones, whom she photographed wearing a black and white tutu on occasion. Smith recalls that she and Jones would talk about surviving as black artists. Smith reflects on the memories by saying: "We came out of Jim Crow. And so just coming to New York and trying to be a model or anything was new." Two years later (1975), Smith became the first female member of the Harlem-based photography collective Kamoinge, under director Roy DeCarava. The Kamoinge Workshop was founded in New York in 1963 to support the work of black photographers in a field then dominated by white men. The collective, which still exists today, has undertaken a range of initiatives, including exhibitions, lectures, workshops, and the publishing of portfolios for distribution to museums. Smith participated with Kamoinge in three groups shows in New York and Guyana. Smith dropped off a portfolio at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), where the receptionist mistook her for a messenger. When she returned, she was taken into the curator's office. Susan Kismaric named a price for Smith's work, which Smith declined due to the price not paying off her bills. Kismaric asked Smith to reconsider, which she eventually did. Shortly after, she became the first Black woman photographer to be included in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York City. In addition to the MOMA, Smith's art has been featured at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and the Smithsonian Anacostia Museum & Center for African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. Smith has twice exhibited at the Bellvue Hospital Centre in Morristown, New Jersey, through their Art in the Atrium exhibitions. The first was in 1995, for Cultural Images: Sweet Potato Pie, an exhibit curated by Russell A. Murray. In 2008 she contributed as part of the exhibition New York City: In Focus, part of Creative Destinations 2008 Exhibition of African American Art. Smith's photographs are included in the 2004 Ntozake Shange book The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family and Life. In 2010, her work was included in MOMA's exhibition Pictures by Women: A History of Modern Photography. This exhibition recontextualized Smith's work alongside that of Diane Arbus and marked a growing interest in Smith's work. Organized by curator Roxana Marcoci, it was curated by Sarah Meister through the Department of Photography. In 2017, a major survey exhibition of Smith's work was held at the Steven Kasher Gallery in New York. The exhibition featured 75 vintage black-and-white prints that represented Smith's career. Smith has collaborated with filmmaker Arthur Jafa in the Serpentine Sackler Gallery's 2017 show, Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, yet Extraordinary Renditions (Featuring Ming Smith, Frida Orupabo and Missylanyus). That same year, she was featured in the Tate Modern group exhibition Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, curated by Mark Godfrey and Zoé Whitley. The show received international acclaim before traveling to Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum, The Broad, the de Young Museum of San Francisco and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Since then, Smith's work was featured in solo presentations by Jenkins Johnson Gallery both at Frieze New York and Frieze Masters in 2019, the former of which receiving the Frieze Stand Prize. In 2020, Ming's work will be included in the group exhibition Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond, VA. From there, the exhibition will travel to The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, CA, and the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. Smith's work is in museum collections including the National Gallery of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum of Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Detroit Institute of Arts, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Exhibitions A selection of other exhibitions of Smith's work includes: 1972 – Kamoinge Group Show; The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York 1976 – Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers; Creative Artists Public Service Program, New York City 1980 – Self-Portrait; Studio Museum of Harlem, New York, traveled to the Springfield Museum of Fine Arts, MA 1981 – Artists Who Do Other Art Forms; Just Above Midtown Gallery, New York City 1982 – Ming Smith; Eric Turner Salon, New York 1983 – Contemporary Afro-American Photography; Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, OH 1984 – 14 Photographers; Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York 1989 – Ming Smith, Anthony Barboza, Adger W Cowans, Robert Hale and Deborah Willis; Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York 1993 – Ming Smith: in a Minor Key; Crawford and Sloan Gallery, New York City 1995 – Cultural Images: Sweet Potato Pie; curated by Russel A. Murray, Art in the Atrium, Morristown, NJ 1999 – Black New York Photographers of the Twentieth Century: Selections from the Schomburg Center Collections; Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York 2000 – Reflections In Black: A History of Black Photographers 1840 to the Present; organized by the Anacostia Museum and Center for African American Identity and Culture, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; traveling exhibition 2000 – MOMA2000; The Museum of Modern Art, New York 2000 – Ming; Watt's Tower Art Center, Los Angeles, CA 2001 – Ming's Room; Porter Troupe Gallery, San Diego, CA 2001 – Ming Smith: In the Spirit of Jazz; Tribes Gallery, New York 2001 – Life of the city, An Exhibition in Answer to 2001; Museum of Modem Art, New York 2002 – In the Spirit of Jazz, Ming Smith: 30 Year Retrospective; Concourse Gallery, Upper Arlington, OH 2002 – Original Acts: Photographs of African-American Performers from the Paul R. Jones Collection; University of Delaware, Newark, DE 2002 – Life of the city, An Exhibition in Answer to 2001; The Museum of Modern Art, New York 2003 – Generations: An Exhibit of African American Art; Art in the Atrium, Morristown, NJ 2003 – Ming's Room; curated by Deborah Willis, Rush Arts Gallery, New York 2003 – In the Spirit: Invisible Woman; African American Museum in Philadelphia, PA 2004 – A Century of African American Art: The Paul R Jones Collection, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 2005 – Contemporary Afro-American Photography; Spelman College Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA 2006 – Kamoinge Inc: Black Music from Bebop to Hip Hop; co-curated by Danny Simmons and Mark Blackshear, Brooklyn Academy of Music 2006 – Harlem Photographers Present Images Dating Back to the Civil Rights Movement; Columbia College, Chicago, IL 2007 – BLACK and White on Black, Photographic Gallery, New York 2007 – Contemporary Afro-American Photography; Hilliard University Art Museum, Lafayette, Louisiana 2007 – Celebration Life: Photography as Fine Art; Pounder-Kone Art Space, Atwater Village, CA 2008 – New York City: In Focus; Bellevue Hospital Center Atrium, New York 2008 – 16th Annual Exhibition: Creative Destinations 2008 Exhibition of African American Art; Art in the Atrium, Morristown, NJ 2009 – Sound:Print:Record: African American; University of Delaware, Newark, DE 2010 – Ming: Photographs: 1977 – 2008; June Kelly Gallery, New York 2010 – Pictures by Women: A History of Modern Photography; The Museum of Modern Art, New York 2010 – Kamoinge Photographers Group Show: In the Moment; HP Gallery, Calumet Photo, New York 2013 – Ming Smith: Works from the Paul R. Jones Collection; The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 2014 – An Eye for Jazz: Works by Hugh Bell, Jill Freedman, Ming Smith, Ken Van Sickle; curated by Yulia Tikhonova, Tikhonova & Winter Fine Art, New York, NY 2014 – Photography Classics: NL=US Art, 1977–2008; Schiedamsedijk 51 | Schilderstraat 5, 3001 ER Rotterdamn, NL 2017 – Ming Smith; Steven Kasher Gallery, New York 2017 – States of America: Photography from the Civil Rights Movement to the Reagan Era; Nottingham Contemporary, Nottingham, UK 2017 – Art of Rebellion: Black Art of the Civil Rights Movement; Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI 2017 – Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions (Featuring Ming Smith, Fride Orupabo, and Missylanyus); Serpentine Sackler Gallery, London, UK 2017 – We Wanted A Revolution: Black Radical Women 1965–85; Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY 2017 – Black Photographers Annual; Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA 2017 – Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power; Tate Modern, London, UK 2018 – Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power; Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY, Traveled to: Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, AR 2018 – Family Pictures; Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI, traveled to, Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH 2019 – Dreamweavers; UTA Artist Space, Beverly Hills, CA 2019 – Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power; The Broad, Los Angeles, CA, Traveled to: de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA 2019 – Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions (Featuring Ming Smith, Fride Orupabo, and Missylanyus); Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden, Traveled to: Fundação Serralves, Porto, Portugal 2019 – Women's Work: Art & Activism in the 21st Century; Pen+Brush, New York 2019 – Down Time: On the Art of Retreat; Smart Museum of Art, Chicago, IL 2019 – Ming Smith; Jenkins Johnson Gallery, Frieze, New York 2019 – Ming Smith; Jenkins Johnson Gallery, Frieze Masters, London, UK 2019 – Ming Smith; Jenkins Johnson Gallery, Paris Photo, Paris, FR 2020 – Working Together: Louise Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA, Traveling to: The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA; and Whitney Museum of American Art, New York References External links Visually Speaking: The Timeless Art of Kamoinge Visually Speaking: The Image as a Catalyst for Social Change Ming Smith (a.k.a. Smith-Murray) on the African American Visual Artists Database Living people Photographers from New York City African-American photographers Year of birth missing (living people) Howard University alumni African-American women artists American women photographers 20th-century American photographers 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American photographers 21st-century American women artists Photographers from Michigan Photographers from Ohio Artists from Detroit Artists from Columbus, Ohio 20th-century African-American women 20th-century African-American artists 21st-century African-American women 21st-century African-American artists

<mask> is an American photographer. She was the first African-American female photographer whose work was acquired by the Museum Of Modern Art in New York City. Biography <mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, and raised in Columbus, Ohio. After graduating from Howard University in 1973, she moved to New York City, where she found work modeling. While in New York she met photographer Anthony Barboza, who was an early influence. Artistic style <mask>'s approach to photography has included in-camera techniques such as playing with focus, darkroom techniques like double exposure, collage techniques and paint on prints. Her work is less engaged with documentation of events than with expression of experience.It has been described as surreal and ethereal, as the New York Times observed: "Her work, personal and expressive, draws from a number of artistic sources, preeminently surrealism. She has employed a range of surrealist techniques: photographing her subjects from oblique angles, shooting out of focus or through such atmospheric effects as fog and shadow, playing on unusual juxtapositions, even altering or painting over prints." <mask>'s early work was composed of photos that were shot quickly to produce elaborate scenes, and due to this process many of her photos have double dates. She has used the technique of hand-tinting in some of her work, notably her Transcendence series. Some of <mask>'s work displayed in the Museum of Modern Art depicts motherhood in Harlem. These photos are taken using a documentary style way of photographing these subjects. Career <mask> has photographed many important black cultural figures during her career, including Alvin Ailey and Nina Simone.In 1973 <mask> was featured in the first volume of the Black Photographers Annual, a publication closely affiliated with the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s and early 1970s. <mask> had her first exhibition at Cinandre, a hairdressing salon, in 1973 as well. At Cinandre, she met Grace Jones, whom she photographed wearing a black and white tutu on occasion. <mask> recalls that she and Jones would talk about surviving as black artists. <mask> reflects on the memories by saying: "We came out of Jim Crow. And so just coming to New York and trying to be a model or anything was new." Two years later (1975), <mask> became the first female member of the Harlem-based photography collective Kamoinge, under director Roy DeCarava.The Kamoinge Workshop was founded in New York in 1963 to support the work of black photographers in a field then dominated by white men. The collective, which still exists today, has undertaken a range of initiatives, including exhibitions, lectures, workshops, and the publishing of portfolios for distribution to museums. <mask> participated with Kamoinge in three groups shows in New York and Guyana. <mask> dropped off a portfolio at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), where the receptionist mistook her for a messenger. When she returned, she was taken into the curator's office. Susan Kismaric named a price for <mask>'s work, which <mask> declined due to the price not paying off her bills. Kismaric asked <mask> to reconsider, which she eventually did.Shortly after, she became the first Black woman photographer to be included in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York City. In addition to the MOMA, <mask>'s art has been featured at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and the Smithsonian Anacostia Museum & Center for African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. <mask> has twice exhibited at the Bellvue Hospital Centre in Morristown, New Jersey, through their Art in the Atrium exhibitions. The first was in 1995, for Cultural Images: Sweet Potato Pie, an exhibit curated by Russell A. Murray. In 2008 she contributed as part of the exhibition New York City: In Focus, part of Creative Destinations 2008 Exhibition of African American Art. <mask>'s photographs are included in the 2004 Ntozake Shange book The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family and Life. In 2010, her work was included in MOMA's exhibition Pictures by Women: A History of Modern Photography. This exhibition recontextualized <mask>'s work alongside that of Diane Arbus and marked a growing interest in <mask>'s work.Organized by curator Roxana Marcoci, it was curated by Sarah Meister through the Department of Photography. In 2017, a major survey exhibition of <mask>'s work was held at the Steven Kasher Gallery in New York. The exhibition featured 75 vintage black-and-white prints that represented <mask>'s career. <mask> has collaborated with filmmaker Arthur Jafa in the Serpentine Sackler Gallery's 2017 show, Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, yet Extraordinary Renditions (Featuring <mask>, Frida Orupabo and Missylanyus). That same year, she was featured in the Tate Modern group exhibition Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, curated by Mark Godfrey and Zoé Whitley. The show received international acclaim before traveling to Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum, The Broad, the de Young Museum of San Francisco and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Since then, <mask>'s work was featured in solo presentations by Jenkins Johnson Gallery both at Frieze New York and Frieze Masters in 2019, the former of which receiving the Frieze Stand Prize.In 2020, <mask>'s work will be included in the group exhibition Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond, VA. From there, the exhibition will travel to The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, CA, and the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. <mask>'s work is in museum collections including the National Gallery of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum of Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Detroit Institute of Arts, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. <mask>) on the African American Visual Artists Database Living people Photographers from New York City African-American photographers Year of birth missing (living people) Howard University alumni African-American women artists American women photographers 20th-century American photographers 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American photographers 21st-century American women artists Photographers from Michigan Photographers from Ohio Artists from Detroit Artists from Columbus, Ohio 20th-century African-American women 20th-century African-American artists 21st-century African-American women 21st-century African-American artists

<mask> is a photographer. The Museum of Modern Art in New York City acquired her work. <mask> was raised in Columbus, Ohio. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She met Anthony Barboza while in New York. <mask>'s approach to photography includes in-camera techniques such as playing with focus, darkroom techniques like double exposure, and paint on prints. She works less with documentation of events than she does with experience.She draws from a number of artistic sources, according to the New York Times. She has used a variety of techniques, including photographing her subjects from oblique angles, shooting out of focus, playing on atmospheric effects, and painting over prints. Many of <mask>'s photos have double dates because they were shot quickly to produce elaborate scenes. She uses the technique of hand-tinting in her work. <mask>'s work is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art. These photos were taken using a documentary style. Many important black cultural figures have been photographed by <mask>.<mask> was featured in the first volume of the Black Photographers Annual in 1973. <mask> had her first exhibition in 1973. At Cinandre, she met Grace Jones, who wore a black and white tutu. <mask> remembers that she and Jones talked about being black artists. <mask> said that they came out of Jim Crow. It was new to come to New York and try to be a model. <mask> was the first female member of the Harlem-based photography collective Kamoinge.In New York in 1963, the Kamoinge Workshop was founded to support the work of black photographers in a field that was dominated by white men. Exhibitions, lectures, workshops, and the publishing of portfolios for distribution to museums are some of the initiatives undertaken by the collective. <mask> and Kamoinge performed together in New York and Guyana. The receptionist at the Museum of Modern Art mistook <mask> for a messenger when she dropped off her portfolio. She was taken to the office of the curator. <mask> declined the price because it didn't pay off her bills. <mask> reconsidered after Kismaric asked her to.She was the first black woman photographer to be included in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art. <mask>'s art has been featured at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and the Smithsonian Anacostia Museum & Center for African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. In 1995 there was an exhibit called Cultural Images: Sweet Potato Pie. She contributed to the exhibition New York City: In Focus, part of the Creative Destinations 2008 exhibition of African American art. The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family and Life was published in 2004. Her work was included in the exhibition Pictures by Women: A History of Modern Photography. The exhibition recontextualized <mask>'s work alongside that of Diane Arbus and marked a growing interest in <mask>'s work.The Department of Photography was used to organize it. A major survey exhibition of <mask>'s work was held in New York. <mask>'s career was represented by 75 vintage black-and-white prints. <mask> and Arthur Jafa collaborated on a film called Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, yet Extraordinary Renditions. She was featured in a group exhibition at Tate Modern called "soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power." After receiving international praise, the show traveled to the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum, The Broad, the de Young Museum of San Francisco and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. <mask>'s work was featured in solo presentations by the Jenkins Johnson Gallery at both the Frieze New York and Frieze Masters in 2019.The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts will host the group exhibition Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop in 2020. <mask>'s work can be found in the National Gallery of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum of Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Detroit Institute of Arts, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Howard University alumni African-American women artists American women photographers 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American living people Photographers from New York City African-American photographers Year of birth missing

7953722

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Tafoya

Margaret Tafoya

Maria Margarita "Margaret" Tafoya (Tewa name: Corn Blossom; August 13, 1904 – February 25, 2001) was the matriarch of Santa Clara Pueblo potters. She was a recipient of a 1984 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. Early life Margaret was the daughter of Sara Fina (sometimes spelled Serafina) Guiterrez Tafoya (1863–1949) and Jose Geronimo Tafoya (1863–1955). She attended the Santa Clara Pueblo elementary school, and then the Santa Fe Indian School from 1915 to 1918. She had to drop out of high school to help her family during the flu pandemic of 1918. Margaret learned the art of making pottery from her parents, and was particularly influenced by her mother. Sara Fina was considered the leading potter of Santa Clara in her day, as the master of making exceptionally large, finely polished blackware. She also occasionally made redware, micaceous clay storage jars and other smaller utilitarian forms. Margaret's father was primarily concerned with raising food for the family but he was also known to make pottery and helped Sara Fina with many aspects of her pottery production. As a child, Tafoya started making small animals out of the clay that her parents had extracted from the Santa Clara land for Sara Fina's works. Showing promise, her mother encouraged young Margaret to make her own pottery and taught her how to knead the clay and polish shaped pots, as well as where to gather fuel for the firing process. Sara Fina allowed Margaret to sell her first pottery to a dealer in Santa Fe, although Margaret did not recall how much money she made that day. But the act of selling her work gave her confidence to continue making pottery. Career For several years, Margaret worked as a cook and a waitress before she married Alcario Tafoya (1900–1995) in 1924. Alcario, a distant relative with the same last name, and Margaret worked together making pottery just as her mother and father had done. Margaret and Sara Fina's husbands both helped with the tasks of digging and preparing the clay and the firing of the pots. Alcario also helped Margaret with the creation and carving of designs on her pots. Early in her career, Margaret often traded pottery for children's clothing or other household necessities to support her growing family. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Tafoyas would frequently load Margaret's pots into a horse-drawn wagon and travel hundreds of miles to Santa Fe and Taos to sell the works to tourists and traders. Tafoya also began selling her works at Indian art fairs such as the Santa Fe Indian Market and the Inter-Tribal Ceremonial at Gallup. In the 1950s, as interest in Native American art grew, the public would travel to the pueblos as tourists as well as to buy artistic goods, so the family didn't have to travel as far to sell their wares. During this time period, the Tafoyas befriended the owner of a resort in Royal Gorge, Colorado who hired them for summer residencies to perform ceremonial dances and sell their pottery to guests. By the 1960s Margaret's pottery had become famous, particularly her large black jars. Margaret continued her mother's tradition of making these exceptionally large pots, with finely polished surfaces and simple carved designs. "Measuring as high as three feet, these vessels took months to mold and polish. They also required an enormous amount of technical skill, particularly to keep them from breaking while being fired". The labor-intensive techniques meant that Tafoya usually made only one large pot per year. Her "bear paw" motif and deeply carved pueblo symbols like the Avanyu (water serpent) and kiva steps around the shoulder of her jars have become signature trademarks of the Tafoya family pottery. Like her mother, Margaret molded her pots using the traditional coiling method. "This method and many of the techniques used in the production of her pottery has been dated as being as more than 1200 years old, with the ancient "Anasazi" of the Colorado Plateau being the founding culture. A common misconception was the belief that black on black, burnished pueblo pottery had "died out," according to Larry Frank and Francis H. Harlow. Tafoya's work "reflected the transformation of the Santa Clara pottery tradition from the utilitarian to the artistic". Retrospective exhibitions 1982: "Margaret Tafoya: A Potter’s Heritage and Her Legacy" at the Denver Museum of Natural History, City Park, Colorado 1983: "The Red and the Black: Santa Clara Pottery by Margaret Tafoya" at the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, Santa Fe, New Mexico 2015–2016: "Margaret Tafoya: Santa Clara Pueblo Potter" at the Millicent Rogers Museum, El Prado, New Mexico Awards and honors In both 1978 and 1979, Tafoya received the Best of Show Award at the Santa Fe Indian Market. In 1984, the National Endowment for the Arts awarded her a National Heritage Fellowship in recognition of her accomplishments. She was recognized and received an award as a Master Traditional Artist in 1985. Also in 1985, she received the New Mexico Governor's Excellence in the Arts Award. In 1992, she received an Honor Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Visual Arts from the national Women's Caucus for Art. Her works were displayed on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. at the 1992 Smithsonian Folklife Festival. In 1996, Tafoya received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Southwestern Association of Indian Arts. She received a Master Artist Award from the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona (exact year unknown). Tafoya is the only Native American ever awarded a Lifetime Contribution Award by the National Academy of Western Art at the Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center in Oklahoma City (year of award unknown). Legacy Margaret and her husband Alcario raised thirteen children. At the time of her death in February 2001, Margaret had 30 grandchildren, 45 great-grandchildren, and 11 great-great-grandchildren. Many of her descendants are carrying on the Tafoya family tradition of pottery making, including: Toni Roller, Jeff Roller, LuAnn Tafoya, Chris Youngblood, Nancy Youngblood, Nathan Youngblood, Darryl Whitegeese, Ryan Roller, Cliff Roller, Tim Roller, Tyler Roller, Jordan Roller, James Ebelacker, Sarena Ebelacker, Jamelyn Ebelacker, and Tammy Garcia. Further reading Blair, Mary Ellen and Laurence Blair: Margaret Tafoya: A Tewa Potter's Heritage and Legacy (1986) Hunt, Marjorie and Boris Weintraub: "Masters of Traditional Arts" profile of Tafoya in National Geographic (January 1991) Dillingham, Rick: Fourteen Families in Pueblo Pottery (1994) Hayes, Allan and John Blom: Southwestern Pottery: Anasazi to Zuni (1996) Peterson, Susan: Pottery by American Indian Women: The Legacy of Generations (1997) Schaaf, Gregory: Pueblo Indian Pottery: 750 Artist Biographies (2000) King, Charles S. and Duane Reider: Born of Fire: the Life and Pottery of Margaret Tafoya (2008) Roller, Ryan A.: Santa Clara Pueblo See also Black-on-black ware Pueblo pottery References External links More information on Margaret Tafoya at the Holmes Museum of Anthropology Photos of many of Margaret Tafoya's pieces 1904 births 2001 deaths Native American potters Artists from New Mexico National Heritage Fellowship winners Santa Clara Pueblo people American women ceramists American ceramists Native American women artists Women potters 20th-century American women artists 20th-century ceramists 20th-century Native Americans 20th-century Native American women

Maria Margarita "<mask><mask> (Tewa name: Corn Blossom; August 13, 1904 – February 25, 2001) was the matriarch of Santa Clara Pueblo potters. She was a recipient of a 1984 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. Early life <mask> was the daughter of Sara Fina (sometimes spelled Serafina) <mask> (1863–1949) and <mask> (1863–1955). She attended the Santa Clara Pueblo elementary school, and then the Santa Fe Indian School from 1915 to 1918. She had to drop out of high school to help her family during the flu pandemic of 1918. <mask> learned the art of making pottery from her parents, and was particularly influenced by her mother. Sara Fina was considered the leading potter of Santa Clara in her day, as the master of making exceptionally large, finely polished blackware.She also occasionally made redware, micaceous clay storage jars and other smaller utilitarian forms. <mask>'s father was primarily concerned with raising food for the family but he was also known to make pottery and helped Sara Fina with many aspects of her pottery production. As a child, Tafoya started making small animals out of the clay that her parents had extracted from the Santa Clara land for Sara Fina's works. Showing promise, her mother encouraged young <mask> to make her own pottery and taught her how to knead the clay and polish shaped pots, as well as where to gather fuel for the firing process. Sara Fina allowed <mask> to sell her first pottery to a dealer in Santa Fe, although <mask> did not recall how much money she made that day. But the act of selling her work gave her confidence to continue making pottery. Career For several years, <mask> worked as a cook and a waitress before she married Alcario <mask> (1900–1995) in 1924.Alcario, a distant relative with the same last name, and <mask> worked together making pottery just as her mother and father had done. <mask> and Sara Fina's husbands both helped with the tasks of digging and preparing the clay and the firing of the pots. Alcario also helped <mask> with the creation and carving of designs on her pots. Early in her career, <mask> often traded pottery for children's clothing or other household necessities to support her growing family. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Tafoyas would frequently load <mask>'s pots into a horse-drawn wagon and travel hundreds of miles to Santa Fe and Taos to sell the works to tourists and traders. Tafoya also began selling her works at Indian art fairs such as the Santa Fe Indian Market and the Inter-Tribal Ceremonial at Gallup. In the 1950s, as interest in Native American art grew, the public would travel to the pueblos as tourists as well as to buy artistic goods, so the family didn't have to travel as far to sell their wares.During this time period, the Tafoyas befriended the owner of a resort in Royal Gorge, Colorado who hired them for summer residencies to perform ceremonial dances and sell their pottery to guests. By the 1960s <mask>'s pottery had become famous, particularly her large black jars. <mask> continued her mother's tradition of making these exceptionally large pots, with finely polished surfaces and simple carved designs. "Measuring as high as three feet, these vessels took months to mold and polish. They also required an enormous amount of technical skill, particularly to keep them from breaking while being fired". The labor-intensive techniques meant that Tafoya usually made only one large pot per year. Her "bear paw" motif and deeply carved pueblo symbols like the Avanyu (water serpent) and kiva steps around the shoulder of her jars have become signature trademarks of the Tafoya family pottery.Like her mother, <mask> molded her pots using the traditional coiling method. "This method and many of the techniques used in the production of her pottery has been dated as being as more than 1200 years old, with the ancient "Anasazi" of the Colorado Plateau being the founding culture. A common misconception was the belief that black on black, burnished pueblo pottery had "died out," according to Larry Frank and Francis H. Harlow. Tafoya's work "reflected the transformation of the Santa Clara pottery tradition from the utilitarian to the artistic". Retrospective exhibitions 1982: "<mask>ya: A Potter’s Heritage and Her Legacy" at the Denver Museum of Natural History, City Park, Colorado 1983: "The Red and the Black: Santa Clara Pottery by <mask>" at the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, Santa Fe, New Mexico 2015–2016: "<mask>ya: Santa Clara Pueblo Potter" at the Millicent Rogers Museum, El Prado, New Mexico Awards and honors In both 1978 and 1979, Tafoya received the Best of Show Award at the Santa Fe Indian Market. In 1984, the National Endowment for the Arts awarded her a National Heritage Fellowship in recognition of her accomplishments. She was recognized and received an award as a Master Traditional Artist in 1985.Also in 1985, she received the New Mexico Governor's Excellence in the Arts Award. In 1992, she received an Honor Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Visual Arts from the national Women's Caucus for Art. Her works were displayed on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. at the 1992 Smithsonian Folklife Festival. In 1996, Tafoya received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Southwestern Association of Indian Arts. She received a Master Artist Award from the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona (exact year unknown). Tafoya is the only Native American ever awarded a Lifetime Contribution Award by the National Academy of Western Art at the Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center in Oklahoma City (year of award unknown). Legacy <mask> and her husband Alcario raised thirteen children.At the time of her death in February 2001, <mask> had 30 grandchildren, 45 great-grandchildren, and 11 great-great-grandchildren. Many of her descendants are carrying on the Tafoya family tradition of pottery making, including: Toni Roller, Jeff Roller, LuAnn <mask>, Chris Youngblood, Nancy Youngblood, Nathan Youngblood, Darryl Whitegeese, Ryan Roller, Cliff Roller, Tim Roller, Tyler Roller, Jordan Roller, James Ebelacker, Sarena Ebelacker, Jamelyn Ebelacker, and Tammy Garcia. Further reading Blair, Mary Ellen and Laurence Blair: <mask>ya: A Tewa Potter's Heritage and Legacy (1986) Hunt, Marjorie and Boris Weintraub: "Masters of Traditional Arts" profile of Tafoya in National Geographic (January 1991) Dillingham, Rick: Fourteen Families in Pueblo Pottery (1994) Hayes, Allan and John Blom: Southwestern Pottery: Anasazi to Zuni (1996) Peterson, Susan: Pottery by American Indian Women: The Legacy of Generations (1997) Schaaf, Gregory: Pueblo Indian Pottery: 750 Artist Biographies (2000) King, Charles S. and Duane Reider: Born of Fire: the Life and Pottery of <mask>ya (2008) Roller, Ryan A.: Santa Clara Pueblo See also Black-on-black ware Pueblo pottery References External links More information on <mask> at the Holmes Museum of Anthropology Photos of many of <mask>'s pieces 1904 births 2001 deaths Native American potters Artists from New Mexico National Heritage Fellowship winners Santa Clara Pueblo people American women ceramists American ceramists Native American women artists Women potters 20th-century American women artists 20th-century ceramists 20th-century Native Americans 20th-century Native American women

<mask> was the matriarch of Santa Clara Pueblo potters. The United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts was awarded to her in 1984. <mask> was the daughter of Sara and <mask>. From 1915 to 1918 she attended the Santa Fe Indian School. She dropped out of high school to help her family during the 1918 flu epidemic. <mask> was influenced by her mother when it came to making pottery. Sara Fina was the leading potter of Santa Clara in her day and she made large, finely polished blackware.She made redware, micaceous clay storage jars and other smaller forms. <mask>'s father was concerned with raising food for the family, but he was also known to make pottery and helped Sara Fina with many aspects of her pottery production. The clay that her parents had taken from the Santa Clara land was used to make small animals. <mask>'s mother encouraged her to make her own pottery and taught her how to knead the clay and polish shaped pots, as well as where to gather fuel for the firing process. <mask> did not know how much money she made when she sold her first pottery to a dealer in Santa Fe. She was able to continue making pottery because of the act of selling her work. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217<mask> and Alcario worked together to make pottery just like their parents had done. <mask> and Sara's husbands helped dig and prepare the clay for the firing of the pots. <mask> used Alcario to create and carve designs on her pots. <mask> used to trade pottery for children's clothing to support her growing family. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Tafoyas traveled hundreds of miles to Santa Fe and Taos to sell <mask>'s pots to tourists and traders. The Inter-Tribal Ceremonial at Gallup and the Santa Fe Indian Market were where Tafoya began selling her works. The family didn't have to travel as far to sell their wares because the public traveled to the pueblos to see Native American art.The Tafoyas befriended the owner of a resort in Royal Gorge, Colorado who hired them for summer residencies to perform ceremonial dances and sell their pottery to guests. <mask>'s large black jars became famous in the 1960s. <mask> continued her mother's tradition of making large pots with polished surfaces and simple carved designs. These vessels took months to mold and polish, measuring as high as three feet. They needed a lot of technical skill to keep them from breaking. Tafoya only made one large pot per year because of the labor intensive techniques. The Avanyu (water serpent) and kiva steps around the shoulder of her jars are signature trademarks of the Tafoya family pottery.<mask> used the traditional coiling method to make her pots. This method and many of the techniques used in the production of her pottery has been dated as more than 1200 years old, with the ancient "Anasazi" of the Colorado Plateau being the founding culture. According to Larry Frank and Francis H. Harlow, there was a misconception that black on black pottery had died out. The transformation of the Santa Clara pottery tradition was reflected by <mask>'s work. "<mask>ya: A Potter's Heritage and Her Legacy" is a retrospective exhibition at the Denver Museum of Natural History. She received a National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1984. She received an award as a master traditional artist.The New Mexico Governor's excellence in the arts award was given to her in 1985. She received an award in 1992 from the national Women's Caucus for Art. The National Mall in Washington, D.C. was where her works were displayed. Tafoya received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996. The Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona gave her a Master Artist Award. Tafoya is the only Native American to ever receive a Lifetime Contribution Award from the National Academy of Western Art at the Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center. <mask> and Alcario had thirteen children.<mask> had a large family at the time of her death. Many of her descendants are carrying on the tradition of pottery making. <mask>ya: A Tewa Potter's Heritage and Legacy was written by Blair, Mary Ellen and Laurence Blair.

65226539

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toki%20Tamaru

Toki Tamaru

Toki Tamaru is a Japanese kickboxer. He is the former RISE Super Flyweight champion. As of October 2020, he was the #7 ranked Flyweight in the world by Combat Press. He first entered the rankings in September 2020. Kickboxing career He made his RISE debut against Shota Toyama. Toki defeated Toyama by decision. Tamaru had his second fight with RISE during RISE 126, when he fought KING Takeshi. Tamaru beat him by decision. He fought Yuya Hayashi during RISE 127. Tamaru won the fight by decision. Toki fought Azusa Kaneko for the RISE -53 kg title during RISE 128. He Tamaru won the fight by unanimous decision. After winning the title, he faced Kazuki in a non title bout, at RISE 130. Tamaru won the fight KO, after dropping Kazuki with a left straight less than two minutes into the fight. He made his first title defense against Jin Mandokoro during RISE 132. Tamaru won the fight by unanimous decision. Following his title defense, he faced Masahiko Suzuki. Tamaru's ten fight winning streak came to an end, as Suzuki won an extra round decision. In July 2020, he was scheduled to fight Masaking. Tamaru won the fight by unanimous decision. Tamaru was scheduled to make his second title defense against Kazuki Osaki at RISE 142. Osaki won the fight by unanimous decision. Tamaru was scheduled to fight Jin Mandokoro in the quarterfinals of the 2021 RISE Dead or Alive 53 kg Tournament. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. Titles and accomplishments Professional RISE 2018 RISE -53 kg Champion Amateur 2012 MA Jr. Kick -28 kg Champion 2012 Bigbang -28 kg Champion 2012 Bigbang -31 kg Champion 2013 Bigbang -34 kg Champion 2013 Bigbang -37 kg Tournament Champion 2014 Bigbang -37 kg Champion 2014 Bigbang -40 kg Champion 2014 Shootboxing All Japan Junior -45 kg Champion 2015 BigBang -50 kg Champion 2015 KAMINARIMON All Japan Junior -55 kg Champion 2016 J-NETWORK Bantamweight Tournament Champion 2016 K-1 All Japan A-Class -55 kg Champion 2016 Bigbang -55 kg Champion Kickboxing record |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2021-07-18|| Loss ||align=left| Jin Mandokoro || RISE WORLD SERIES 2021 - Dead or Alive Tournament, Quarter Final || Osaka, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 ||3:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2020-09-04 ||Loss ||align=left| Kazuki Osaki|| RISE 142 || Tokyo, Japan|| Decision (Unanimous)|| 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2020-07-12|| Win ||align=left| Masaking || Rise on Abema || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2019-09-16||Loss ||align=left| Masahiko Suzuki || Rise World Series 2019 Final Round || Chiba (city), Japan ||Ext.R Decision (Unanimous) || 4 ||3:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2019-05-19|| Win ||align=left| Jin Mandokoro || RISE 132 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2019-02-03|| Win ||align=left| Kazuki || RISE 130 || Tokyo, Japan || KO (Left Straight) || 1 || 1:56 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2018-11-02|| Win ||align=left| Azusa Kaneko || RISE 128 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2018-09-16|| Win ||align=left| Yuya Hayashi || RISE 127 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2018-07-16|| Win ||align=left| KING Takeshi || RISE 126 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2018-05-25|| Win ||align=left| Shota Toyama || RISE 124 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous)|| 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2018-02-18|| Win ||align=left| Kiyoshi || BigBang 32|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2017-12-03|| Win ||align=left| Shuto Hagiwara || BigBang 31|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2017-09-03|| Win ||align=left| Keiichi Iio || BigBang 30 || Tokyo, Japan || KO || 3 || 2:20 |- | colspan=9 | Legend: |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2017-07-29|| Loss ||align=left| Tatsuya Tsubakihara || K-1 Koshien 2017 –55 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Extra Round Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2017-07-29|| Win ||align=left| Teruku Maezono || K-1 Koshien 2017 –55 kg Tournament, Quarter Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2017-07-29|| Win ||align=left| Kaito Nagashima || K-1 Koshien 2017 –55 kg Tournament, Second Round || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2017-04-29|| Loss ||align=left| Haruki Ohno || K-1 Challenge A-Class -55 kg Tournament, Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2017-04-29|| Win ||align=left| Riamu Sera || K-1 Challenge A-Class -55 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-12-11|| Win ||align=left| Tetsuji Noda || K-1 Amateur Challenge A-Class -55 kg Tournament, Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-12-11|| Win ||align=left| Retsu Akabane || K-1 Amateur Challenge A-Class -55 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2016-10-23|| Loss||align=left| Tetsuji Noda || K-1 Amateur All Japan Preliminary Tournament, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-10-23|| Win ||align=left| Hiroki Nishimura || K-1 Amateur All Japan Preliminary Tournament, Quarter Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-09-04|| Win ||align=left| Ryusei Iwagawa || BigBang 26 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-06-28|| Win ||align=left| || BigBang || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Fuminori Muroki ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Final || Japan || KO (Punches) || || 0:21 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Kaito Nagashima ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Japan || KO || || 2:43 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Yuya Hayashi ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Quarter FInal || Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-02-21|| Win ||align=left| Michitaka Yamaguchi || BigBang 24 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2015-12-06|| Win ||align=left| Jukiya Ito || Bigbang Amateur || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- style="background:#c5d2ea;" | 2015-11-15|| Draw ||align=left| Ikko Oota || Bigbang the future 15 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2015-09-20|| Win ||align=left| Hayato Mizoguchi ||KAMINARIMON All Japan, Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2015-09-20|| Win ||align=left| Ruka Hosoda ||KAMINARIMON All Japan, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2015-09-06|| Win ||align=left| Shinnosuke Hatsuda ||BigBang Amateur || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2015-04-29 || Loss||align=left| Ikko Oota || NJKF EXPLOSION 1|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2015-02-22|| Loss ||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto ||All Japan Jr. Kick Kanto Selection Tournament, Fnal || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2015-02-15|| Win ||align=left| Ikko Oota ||BigBang || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-12-23 || Win||align=left| Tomoki Miyashita || Amateur REBELS BLOW-CUP.34, Final|| Tokyo, Japan ||Decision (Majority) || || |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2014-12-21|| Win ||align=left| Kyo Kawakami ||Amateur Shootboxing || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2014-12-14|| Loss||align=left| Ikko Oota || BOM Amateur 8 || Yokohama, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2014-10-19|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || K-1 Challenge 2014, Junior B-Class Tournament Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2014-10-19|| Win ||align=left| Daiki Mine || K-1 Challenge 2014, Junior B-Class Tournament Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-09-07|| Win || align="left" | Jukiya Ito || Bigbang Amateur 23 ||Tokyo, Japan|| Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2014-06-29||Loss || align="left" | Ryutaro Uchida ||Muay Thai WINDY Super Fight vol.16, Quarter Final ||Tokyo, Japan|| Decision || || |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2014-06-01|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || BigBang Amateur 21 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2014-05-06 || Loss||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto || BOM Amateur 6, -40 kg Championship Tournament Final || Tokyo, Japan ||Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-05-06 || Win||align=left| Taison Suzuki || BOM Amateur 6, -40 kg Championship Tournament Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan ||Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-05-06 || Win||align=left| Michiharu Nara || BOM Amateur 6, -40 kg Championship Tournament Quarter Final || Tokyo, Japan ||Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-04-13 || Win||align=left| Tatsu Nagai|| BOM Amateur 5 || Tokyo, Japan ||Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-03-23|| Win ||align=left| Shinnosuke Yamada || JAKF SMASHERS 163 || Tokyo, Japan || KO || 2 || |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2014-03-16|| Loss ||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto || REBELS.25 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-02-23|| Win||align=left| Riichi Hosono || Bigbang Amateur 19 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2014-01-19|| Win ||align=left| Shogo Nakajima ||BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 4|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2|| 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2014-01-19|| Win ||align=left| Tatsumi Nagai ||BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 4|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2|| 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2013-12-01|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || BigBang Amateur 18|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||3|| 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-11-04|| Win ||align=left| Ayano Ohara || Windy Super Fight vol.15|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2|| 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-10-13|| Win ||align=left| Riichi Hoshino || BigBang Amateur 17, Final|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||3|| 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-10-13|| Win ||align=left| || BigBang Amateur 17, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2|| 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2013-09-08|| Loss ||align=left| Yuuta Sasaki || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 2 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-09-01|| Win||align=left| Hyuga Ishibe || BigBang 14 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2013-07-14|| Loss ||align=left| Ryu Kanno || BigBang Amateur 15 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-06-02|| Win ||align=left| Reiji Nakamura || BigBang Amateur 14 || Tokyo, Japan || KO || || |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Kojiro Vanhoose || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Asahi Shinagawa || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Ryu Kanno || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Quarter Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-05-05|| Win ||align=left| Ikko Oota|| Bigbang the future VI || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-04-07|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga || REBELS Blow Cup 15 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2013-03-17||Loss ||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto || MA Kick BREAK-35 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-03-10|| Win ||align=left| Ryuya Koyama|| Bigbang the future VI || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2013|| Win||align=left| Arai || TNT Amateur YZD Gym || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || || |- style="background:#c5d2ea;" | 2013|| Draw ||align=left| Nadaka Yoshinari || TNT Amateur YZD Gym || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || || |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-12-23|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga Okada || REBELS Blow Cup 12 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-11-11|| Win ||align=left| Jukiya Ito || Jawin presents Bigbang the future V || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || || |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-10-28|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga Okada || REBELS || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2012-10-21|| Loss||align=left| Takito || M-1 Muay Thai Amateur 54, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || || |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-08-26|| Win ||align=left| Ryuya Okuwaki || MA Japan Kickboxing Break 28 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-07-16|| Win ||align=left| Hibiki Sometani || BigBang || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-07-01|| Win ||align=left| Yumu Ito || REBELS Blow Cup 7 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2012-06-03|| Loss ||align=left| Ikko Ota || BigBang Amateur Event || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- | colspan=9 | Legend: See also List of male kickboxers References Living people 2002 births Japanese male kickboxers Sportspeople from Tokyo

<mask> is a Japanese kickboxer. He is the former RISE Super Flyweight champion. As of October 2020, he was the #7 ranked Flyweight in the world by Combat Press. He first entered the rankings in September 2020. Kickboxing career He made his RISE debut against Shota Toyama. <mask> defeated Toyama by decision. <mask> had his second fight with RISE during RISE 126, when he fought KING Takeshi.<mask> beat him by decision. He fought Yuya Hayashi during RISE 127. <mask> won the fight by decision. <mask> fought Azusa Kaneko for the RISE -53 kg title during RISE 128. He <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. After winning the title, he faced Kazuki in a non title bout, at RISE 130. <mask> won the fight KO, after dropping Kazuki with a left straight less than two minutes into the fight.He made his first title defense against Jin Mandokoro during RISE 132. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. Following his title defense, he faced Masahiko Suzuki. <mask>'s ten fight winning streak came to an end, as Suzuki won an extra round decision. In July 2020, he was scheduled to fight Masaking. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to make his second title defense against Kazuki Osaki at RISE 142.Osaki won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to fight Jin Mandokoro in the quarterfinals of the 2021 RISE Dead or Alive 53 kg Tournament. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. Titles and accomplishments Professional RISE 2018 RISE -53 kg Champion Amateur 2012 MA Jr. Kick -28 kg Champion 2012 Bigbang -28 kg Champion 2012 Bigbang -31 kg Champion 2013 Bigbang -34 kg Champion 2013 Bigbang -37 kg Tournament Champion 2014 Bigbang -37 kg Champion 2014 Bigbang -40 kg Champion 2014 Shootboxing All Japan Junior -45 kg Champion 2015 BigBang -50 kg Champion 2015 KAMINARIMON All Japan Junior -55 kg Champion 2016 J-NETWORK Bantamweight Tournament Champion 2016 K-1 All Japan A-Class -55 kg Champion 2016 Bigbang -55 kg Champion Kickboxing record |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2021-07-18|| Loss ||align=left| Jin Mandokoro || RISE WORLD SERIES 2021 - Dead or Alive Tournament, Quarter Final || Osaka, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 ||3:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2020-09-04 ||Loss ||align=left| Kazuki Osaki|| RISE 142 || Tokyo, Japan|| Decision (Unanimous)|| 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2020-07-12|| Win ||align=left| Masaking || Rise on Abema || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2019-09-16||Loss ||align=left| Masahiko Suzuki || Rise World Series 2019 Final Round || Chiba (city), Japan ||Ext.R Decision (Unanimous) || 4 ||3:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2019-05-19|| Win ||align=left| Jin Mandokoro || RISE 132 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2019-02-03|| Win ||align=left| Kazuki || RISE 130 || Tokyo, Japan || KO (Left Straight) || 1 || 1:56 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2018-11-02|| Win ||align=left| Azusa Kaneko || RISE 128 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 |- !style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-12-11|| Win ||align=left| Retsu Akabane || K-1 Amateur Challenge A-Class -55 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2016-10-23|| Loss||align=left| Tetsuji Noda || K-1 Amateur All Japan Preliminary Tournament, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-10-23|| Win ||align=left| Hiroki Nishimura || K-1 Amateur All Japan Preliminary Tournament, Quarter Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-09-04|| Win ||align=left| Ryusei Iwagawa || BigBang 26 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-06-28|| Win ||align=left| || BigBang || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Fuminori Muroki ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Final || Japan || KO (Punches) || || 0:21 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Kaito Nagashima ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Japan || KO || || 2:43 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Yuya Hayashi ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Quarter FInal || Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2016-02-21|| Win ||align=left| Michitaka Yamaguchi || BigBang 24 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2015-12-06|| Win ||align=left| Jukiya Ito || Bigbang Amateur || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- style="background:#c5d2ea;" | 2015-11-15|| Draw ||align=left| Ikko Oota || Bigbang the future 15 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2015-09-20|| Win ||align=left| Hayato Mizoguchi ||KAMINARIMON All Japan, Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2015-09-20|| Win ||align=left| Ruka Hosoda ||KAMINARIMON All Japan, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2015-09-06|| Win ||align=left| Shinnosuke Hatsuda ||BigBang Amateur || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- !style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2015-04-29 || Loss||align=left| Ikko Oota || NJKF EXPLOSION 1|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2015-02-22|| Loss ||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto ||All Japan Jr. Kick Kanto Selection Tournament, Fnal || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2015-02-15|| Win ||align=left| Ikko Oota ||BigBang || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-12-23 || Win||align=left| Tomoki Miyashita || Amateur REBELS BLOW-CUP.34, Final|| Tokyo, Japan ||Decision (Majority) || || |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2014-12-21|| Win ||align=left| Kyo Kawakami ||Amateur Shootboxing || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2014-12-14|| Loss||align=left| Ikko Oota || BOM Amateur 8 || Yokohama, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2014-10-19|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || K-1 Challenge 2014, Junior B-Class Tournament Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2014-10-19|| Win ||align=left| Daiki Mine || K-1 Challenge 2014, Junior B-Class Tournament Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 1 || 2:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2014-09-07|| Win || align="left" | Jukiya Ito || Bigbang Amateur 23 ||Tokyo, Japan|| Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2014-06-29||Loss || align="left" | Ryutaro Uchida ||Muay Thai WINDY Super Fight vol.16, Quarter Final ||Tokyo, Japan|| Decision || || |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2014-06-01|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || BigBang Amateur 21 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2014-05-06 || Loss||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto || BOM Amateur 6, -40 kg Championship Tournament Final || Tokyo, Japan ||Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2014-01-19|| Win ||align=left| Shogo Nakajima ||BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 4|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2|| 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2014-01-19|| Win ||align=left| Tatsumi Nagai ||BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 4|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2|| 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2013-12-01|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || BigBang Amateur 18|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||3|| 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-11-04|| Win ||align=left| Ayano Ohara || Windy Super Fight vol.15|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2|| 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-10-13|| Win ||align=left| Riichi Hoshino || BigBang Amateur 17, Final|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||3|| 2:00 |- !style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-10-13|| Win ||align=left| || BigBang Amateur 17, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2|| 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2013-09-08|| Loss ||align=left| Yuuta Sasaki || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 2 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-09-01|| Win||align=left| Hyuga Ishibe || BigBang 14 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2013-07-14|| Loss ||align=left| Ryu Kanno || BigBang Amateur 15 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision ||3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-06-02|| Win ||align=left| Reiji Nakamura || BigBang Amateur 14 || Tokyo, Japan || KO || || |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Kojiro Vanhoose || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Asahi Shinagawa || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Ryu Kanno || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Quarter Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-05-05|| Win ||align=left| Ikko Oota|| Bigbang the future VI || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-04-07|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga || REBELS Blow Cup 15 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2013-03-17||Loss ||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto || MA Kick BREAK-35 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2013-03-10|| Win ||align=left| Ryuya Koyama|| Bigbang the future VI || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 2:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2013|| Win||align=left| Arai || TNT Amateur YZD Gym || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || || |- style="background:#c5d2ea;" | 2013|| Draw ||align=left| Nadaka Yoshinari || TNT Amateur YZD Gym || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || || |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-12-23|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga Okada || REBELS Blow Cup 12 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-11-11|| Win ||align=left| Jukiya Ito || Jawin presents Bigbang the future V || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || || |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-10-28|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga Okada || REBELS || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 2:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2012-10-21|| Loss||align=left| Takito || M-1 Muay Thai Amateur 54, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || || |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-08-26|| Win ||align=left| Ryuya Okuwaki || MA Japan Kickboxing Break 28 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 3 || 1:30 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-07-16|| Win ||align=left| Hibiki Sometani || BigBang || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- style="background:#CCFFCC;" | 2012-07-01|| Win ||align=left| Yumu Ito || REBELS Blow Cup 7 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- style="background:#FFBBBB;" | 2012-06-03|| Loss ||align=left| Ikko Ota || BigBang Amateur Event || Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30 |- | colspan=9 | Legend: See also List of male kickboxers References Living people 2002 births Japanese male kickboxers Sportspeople from Tokyo

<mask> is a kickboxer. He was the former Super Flyweight champion. He was the 7th ranked Flyweight in the world by Combat Press. He entered the rankings in September 2020. He made his debut against Shota Toyama. <mask> defeated Toyama. During 126 RISE, <mask> had his second fight with RISE.<mask> beat him. He fought Yuya Hayashi. The fight was decided by a decision. During RISE 128, <mask> fought Kaneko for the title. The fight was decided by a unanimous decision. He faced Kazuki in a non title bout after winning the title. Less than two minutes into the fight, <mask> dropped Kazuki with a left straight.He defended his title against Jin Mandokoro. The fight was decided by a unanimous decision. He faced Masahiko Suzuki after his title defense. Suzuki won an extra round decision to end <mask>'s ten fight winning streak. He was going to fight Masaking in July 2020. The fight was decided by a unanimous decision. <mask> was going to defend his title against Osaki.The fight was decided by a unanimous decision. <mask> was going to fight Jin Mandokoro in the tournament. He was defeated by a unanimous decision. Professional RISE is the champion amateur 2012 MA Jr. Bigbang -28 kilogram champion 2012 Bigbang -31 kilogram champion 2013 Bigbang -34 kilogram champion Win, Masaking, and Rise on Abema are some of the decisions that will be made in 2020. Win and Kazuki are from RISE 130, which is located in Tokyo, Japan.Retsu Akabane won the K-1 Amateur Challenge A-Class -55 kilogram tournament in Tokyo, Japan. Win and BigBang were Decision 3 and 2, respectively, in Tokyo, Japan. The J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKUvol.5 was won by Fuminori Muroki. Kaito Nagashima won the J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKUvol.5. Win, Jukiya Ito, and Bigbang Amateur are all from Tokyo, Japan. All Japan, Final, Tokyo, Japan, Decision (Unanimous) All Japan, Semi Final, Tokyo, Japan, Decision (Unanimous)The loss and Ikko Oota were in Tokyo, Japan. The Kick Kanto Selection Tournament was held in Tokyo, Japan. Ikko Oota is a member of the BOM Amateur 8 in Yokohama, Japan. Ryutaro Uchida's Muay Thai WINDY Super Fight vol.16, Quarter Final was held in Tokyo, Japan. The title of the tournament was BOM Amateur 6, and it was held in Tokyo, Japan. The Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 4 was held in Tokyo, Japan. Win and Ayano Ohara are featured in Windy Super Fight vol.15, Tokyo, Japan.The BigBang Amateur 17, Semi Final, was held in Tokyo, Japan. Win and Reiji Nakamura are both from Tokyo, Japan. Win and Hyoga were involved in the REBELS Blow Cup 15 in Tokyo, Japan. Ryuya Koyama's Bigbang the future VI is in Tokyo, Japan. The background of the 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 Win, Hyoga Okada, and REBELS are in Tokyo, Japan. Win, Hibiki Sometani, BigBang, Tokyo, Japan, and Decision were the topics of the 2012-07-16 article.

44292

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec%20Jeffreys

Alec Jeffreys

Sir Alec John Jeffreys, (born 9 January 1950) is a British geneticist known for developing techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science to assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and immigration disputes. He is Professor of Genetics at the University of Leicester, and he became an honorary freeman of the City of Leicester on 26 November 1992. In 1994, he was knighted for services to genetics. Education and early life Jeffreys was born into a middle-class family in Oxford, where he spent the first six years of his life until 1956 when the family moved to Luton, Bedfordshire. He attributes his curiosity and inventiveness to having been gained from his father, as well as his paternal grandfather, who held a number of patents. When he was eight, his father gave him a chemistry set, which he enhanced over the next few years with extra chemicals, even including a small bottle of sulphuric acid. He says he liked making small explosions, but an accidental splash of the sulphuric acid caused a burn, which left a permanent scar on his chin (now under his beard). His father also bought him a Victorian-era brass microscope, which he used to examine biological specimens. At about 12, he made a small dissecting kit (including a scalpel, crafted from a flattened pin) which he used to dissect a bumblebee, but he got into trouble with his parents when he progressed to dissecting a larger specimen. One Sunday morning he found a deceased cat on the road while doing his paper round and took it home in his bag. He relates that he started to dissect it on the dining room table before Sunday lunch, causing a foul smell throughout the house after he ruptured its intestines. Jeffreys was a pupil at Luton Grammar School and then Luton Sixth Form College. He won a scholarship to study at Merton College, Oxford on a four-year course, where he graduated in 1971 with first-class honours in biochemistry. Jeffreys completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree on the mitochondria of cultured mammalian cells, as a postgraduate student at the Genetics Laboratory at the University of Oxford. Career and research After finishing his doctorate, he moved to the University of Amsterdam, where he worked on mammalian genes as a research fellow, and then to the University of Leicester in 1977, where in 1984 he discovered a method of showing variations between individuals' DNA, inventing and developing genetic fingerprinting. Genetic fingerprinting Jeffreys says he had a "eureka moment" in his lab in Leicester after looking at the X-ray film image of a DNA experiment on 10 September 1984, which unexpectedly showed both similarities and differences between the DNA of different members of his technician's family. Within about half an hour, he continued, he realized the possible scope of DNA fingerprinting, which uses variations in the genetic information to identify individuals. The method has become important in forensic science to assist police detective work, and it has also proved useful in resolving paternity and immigration disputes. The method can also be applied to non-human species, for example in wildlife population genetics studies. Before his methods were commercialized in 1987, his laboratory was the only center in the world that carried out DNA fingerprinting, and was consequently very busy, receiving inquiries from all over the globe. Jeffreys's DNA method was first put to use in 1985 when he was asked to help in a disputed immigration case to confirm the identity of a British boy whose family was originally from Ghana. The case was resolved when the DNA results proved that the boy was closely related to the other members of the family, and Jeffreys saw the relief in the mother's face when she heard the results. DNA fingerprinting was first used in a police forensic test to identify the killer of two teenagers, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, who had been raped and murdered in Narborough, Leicestershire, in 1983 and 1986 respectively. Colin Pitchfork was identified and convicted of their murders after samples taken from him matched semen samples taken from the two dead girls. This turned out to be a specifically important identification; British authorities believe that without it an innocent man would have inevitably been convicted. Not only did Jeffreys' work, in this case, prove who the real killer was, but it exonerated Richard Buckland, initially a prime suspect, who likely would have spent his life in prison otherwise. The story behind the investigations is told in Joseph Wambaugh's 1989 best-selling book The Blooding: The True Story of the Narborough Village Murders and the murders and subsequent solving of the crimes was featured in Episode 4 of the first season of the 1996 American TV series Medical Detectives in which Jeffreys himself also appears. A further television mini-series based on these events was released in 2015, Code of a Killer. In 1992, Jeffreys's methods were used to confirm the identity for German prosecutors of the body of Josef Mengele, who had died in 1979, by comparing DNA obtained from a femur bone of his exhumed skeleton, with DNA from his mother and son, in a similar way to paternity testing. DNA profiling DNA profiling, based on typing individual highly variable minisatellites in the human genome, was also developed by Alec Jeffreys and his team in 1985, with the term (DNA fingerprinting) being retained for the initial test that types many minisatellites simultaneously. By focusing on just a few of these highly variable minisatellites, DNA profiling made the system more sensitive, more reproducible and amenable to computer databases. It soon became the standard forensic DNA system used in criminal case work and paternity testing worldwide. The development of DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) opened up new approaches to forensic DNA testing, allowing automation, greatly increased sensitivity, and a move to alternative marker systems. The most commonly used markers are now variable microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), which Jeffreys first exploited in 1990 in the Mengele case. STR profiling was further refined by a team of scientists led by Peter Gill at the Forensic Science Service in the 1990s, allowing the launch of the UK National DNA Database (NDNAD) in 1995. With highly automated and sophisticated equipment, modern-day DNA profiling can process hundreds of samples each day. Sixteen microsatellites, plus a marker for sex determination, are used with the current system developed for the NDNAD, giving a discrimination power of one in over a billion. Under British law, anyone arrested in England, Wales or Northern Ireland has their DNA profile taken and stored on the database whether or not they are convicted (different rules apply in Scotland). The national database in 2020 contained the DNA information of about 5.6 million people. Jeffreys has opposed the current use of DNA profiling, where the government has access to that database, and has instead proposed a database of all people's DNA, access to which would be controlled by an independent third party. Awards and honours 1986 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) 1989 – Press, Radio and TV awards for the Midlander of the Year, 1988, 1989 1991 – Appointed as a Royal Society Research Professor. 26 November 1992 – Honorary freeman of the City of Leicester. 1994 – Knighted for services to genetics and to science and technology. 1995 – Honorary member of the International Society for Forensic Genetics 1996 – Albert Einstein World Award of Science. 1998 – Australia Prize, 1998. 1999 – Sir George Stokes Medal 2004 – Honorary doctorate awarded by the University of Leicester, where Jeffreys is a member of staff. 2004 – Royal Medal of the Royal Society. 2004 – Pride of Britain Award for Lifetime Achievement. 2004 – Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine. 2005 – Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, jointly with Edwin Southern of the University of Oxford. 2005 – United States National Academy of Sciences, elected member. 2006 – Great Briton Award for the Greatest Briton of the year, winner in the category of Science and Innovation, as well as the overall winner. 2006 – Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics. 8 March 2007 – Honorary degree from King's College London. 23 January 2008 – Graham Medal of the Glasgow Philosophical Society, awarded after he gave his lecture "DNA Profiling; Past, present and future", which was nominated as the Graham Lecture. 16 November 2009 – Awarded Honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Huddersfield 14 April 2010 – Awarded Edinburgh Medal April 2010 – Officially opened the new Soar Valley College building in Leicester. 21 February 2011 – Awarded ABRF Annual Award 2012 – Officially opened the Sir Alec Jeffreys Building in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, the scientific support building for West Yorkshire Police and the wider Yorkshire and the Humber region. 2014 – Copley Medal 22 January 2014 – Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from De Montfort University. 2017 – Companion of Honour Personal life Jeffreys met his future wife, Sue Miles, in a youth club in the centre of Luton, Bedfordshire, before he became a university student, and they married on 28 August 1971. Jeffreys has one brother and one sister; he and his wife have two daughters, born in 1979 and 1983. References 1950 births Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates Living people People from Oxford British forensic scientists Forensic genetics English geneticists Fellows of the Royal Society Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences Alumni of Merton College, Oxford Academics of the University of Leicester English humanists Knights Bachelor People from Luton Royal Medal winners Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization Australia Prize recipients Winners of the Heineken Prize Recipients of the Copley Medal Recipients of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour Fellows of Merton College, Oxford

Sir <mask>, (born 9 January 1950) is a British geneticist known for developing techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science to assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and immigration disputes. He is Professor of Genetics at the University of Leicester, and he became an honorary freeman of the City of Leicester on 26 November 1992. In 1994, he was knighted for services to genetics. Education and early life <mask> was born into a middle-class family in Oxford, where he spent the first six years of his life until 1956 when the family moved to Luton, Bedfordshire. He attributes his curiosity and inventiveness to having been gained from his father, as well as his paternal grandfather, who held a number of patents. When he was eight, his father gave him a chemistry set, which he enhanced over the next few years with extra chemicals, even including a small bottle of sulphuric acid. He says he liked making small explosions, but an accidental splash of the sulphuric acid caused a burn, which left a permanent scar on his chin (now under his beard).His father also bought him a Victorian-era brass microscope, which he used to examine biological specimens. At about 12, he made a small dissecting kit (including a scalpel, crafted from a flattened pin) which he used to dissect a bumblebee, but he got into trouble with his parents when he progressed to dissecting a larger specimen. One Sunday morning he found a deceased cat on the road while doing his paper round and took it home in his bag. He relates that he started to dissect it on the dining room table before Sunday lunch, causing a foul smell throughout the house after he ruptured its intestines. <mask> was a pupil at Luton Grammar School and then Luton Sixth Form College. He won a scholarship to study at Merton College, Oxford on a four-year course, where he graduated in 1971 with first-class honours in biochemistry. Jeffreys completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree on the mitochondria of cultured mammalian cells, as a postgraduate student at the Genetics Laboratory at the University of Oxford.Career and research After finishing his doctorate, he moved to the University of Amsterdam, where he worked on mammalian genes as a research fellow, and then to the University of Leicester in 1977, where in 1984 he discovered a method of showing variations between individuals' DNA, inventing and developing genetic fingerprinting. Genetic fingerprinting Jeffreys says he had a "eureka moment" in his lab in Leicester after looking at the X-ray film image of a DNA experiment on 10 September 1984, which unexpectedly showed both similarities and differences between the DNA of different members of his technician's family. Within about half an hour, he continued, he realized the possible scope of DNA fingerprinting, which uses variations in the genetic information to identify individuals. The method has become important in forensic science to assist police detective work, and it has also proved useful in resolving paternity and immigration disputes. The method can also be applied to non-human species, for example in wildlife population genetics studies. Before his methods were commercialized in 1987, his laboratory was the only center in the world that carried out DNA fingerprinting, and was consequently very busy, receiving inquiries from all over the globe. Jeffreys's DNA method was first put to use in 1985 when he was asked to help in a disputed immigration case to confirm the identity of a British boy whose family was originally from Ghana.The case was resolved when the DNA results proved that the boy was closely related to the other members of the family, and Jeffreys saw the relief in the mother's face when she heard the results. DNA fingerprinting was first used in a police forensic test to identify the killer of two teenagers, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, who had been raped and murdered in Narborough, Leicestershire, in 1983 and 1986 respectively. Colin Pitchfork was identified and convicted of their murders after samples taken from him matched semen samples taken from the two dead girls. This turned out to be a specifically important identification; British authorities believe that without it an innocent man would have inevitably been convicted. Not only did Jeffreys' work, in this case, prove who the real killer was, but it exonerated Richard Buckland, initially a prime suspect, who likely would have spent his life in prison otherwise. The story behind the investigations is told in Joseph Wambaugh's 1989 best-selling book The Blooding: The True Story of the Narborough Village Murders and the murders and subsequent solving of the crimes was featured in Episode 4 of the first season of the 1996 American TV series Medical Detectives in which <mask> himself also appears. A further television mini-series based on these events was released in 2015, Code of a Killer.In 1992, Jeffreys's methods were used to confirm the identity for German prosecutors of the body of Josef Mengele, who had died in 1979, by comparing DNA obtained from a femur bone of his exhumed skeleton, with DNA from his mother and son, in a similar way to paternity testing. DNA profiling DNA profiling, based on typing individual highly variable minisatellites in the human genome, was also developed by <mask> and his team in 1985, with the term (DNA fingerprinting) being retained for the initial test that types many minisatellites simultaneously. By focusing on just a few of these highly variable minisatellites, DNA profiling made the system more sensitive, more reproducible and amenable to computer databases. It soon became the standard forensic DNA system used in criminal case work and paternity testing worldwide. The development of DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) opened up new approaches to forensic DNA testing, allowing automation, greatly increased sensitivity, and a move to alternative marker systems. The most commonly used markers are now variable microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), which Jeffreys first exploited in 1990 in the Mengele case. STR profiling was further refined by a team of scientists led by Peter Gill at the Forensic Science Service in the 1990s, allowing the launch of the UK National DNA Database (NDNAD) in 1995.With highly automated and sophisticated equipment, modern-day DNA profiling can process hundreds of samples each day. Sixteen microsatellites, plus a marker for sex determination, are used with the current system developed for the NDNAD, giving a discrimination power of one in over a billion. Under British law, anyone arrested in England, Wales or Northern Ireland has their DNA profile taken and stored on the database whether or not they are convicted (different rules apply in Scotland). The national database in 2020 contained the DNA information of about 5.6 million people. Jeffreys has opposed the current use of DNA profiling, where the government has access to that database, and has instead proposed a database of all people's DNA, access to which would be controlled by an independent third party. Awards and honours 1986 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) 1989 – Press, Radio and TV awards for the Midlander of the Year, 1988, 1989 1991 – Appointed as a Royal Society Research Professor. 26 November 1992 – Honorary freeman of the City of Leicester.1994 – Knighted for services to genetics and to science and technology. 1995 – Honorary member of the International Society for Forensic Genetics 1996 – Albert Einstein World Award of Science. 1998 – Australia Prize, 1998. 1999 – Sir George Stokes Medal 2004 – Honorary doctorate awarded by the University of Leicester, where Jeffreys is a member of staff. 2004 – Royal Medal of the Royal Society. 2004 – Pride of Britain Award for Lifetime Achievement. 2004 – Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine.2005 – Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, jointly with Edwin Southern of the University of Oxford. 2005 – United States National Academy of Sciences, elected member. 2006 – Great Briton Award for the Greatest Briton of the year, winner in the category of Science and Innovation, as well as the overall winner. 2006 – Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics. 8 March 2007 – Honorary degree from King's College London. 23 January 2008 – Graham Medal of the Glasgow Philosophical Society, awarded after he gave his lecture "DNA Profiling; Past, present and future", which was nominated as the Graham Lecture. 16 November 2009 – Awarded Honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Huddersfield 14 April 2010 – Awarded Edinburgh Medal April 2010 – Officially opened the new Soar Valley College building in Leicester.21 February 2011 – Awarded ABRF Annual Award 2012 – Officially opened the <mask> Jeffreys Building in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, the scientific support building for West Yorkshire Police and the wider Yorkshire and the Humber region. 2014 – Copley Medal 22 January 2014 – Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from De Montfort University. 2017 – Companion of Honour Personal life Jeffreys met his future wife, Sue Miles, in a youth club in the centre of Luton, Bedfordshire, before he became a university student, and they married on 28 August 1971. Jeffreys has one brother and one sister; he and his wife have two daughters, born in 1979 and 1983. References 1950 births Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates Living people People from Oxford British forensic scientists Forensic genetics English geneticists Fellows of the Royal Society Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences Alumni of Merton College, Oxford Academics of the University of Leicester English humanists Knights Bachelor People from Luton Royal Medal winners Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization Australia Prize recipients Winners of the Heineken Prize Recipients of the Copley Medal Recipients of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour Fellows of Merton College, Oxford

Sir <mask> is a British geneticist known for developing techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science to assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and immigration disputes. He became a freeman of the City of Leicester on November 26, 1992. He was knighted for his services to genetics. Jeffreys was born into a middle-class family in Oxford and spent the first six years of his life there. He attributes his curiosity and inventiveness to his father and grandfather, who both held patents. When he was eight, his father gave him a chemistry set, which he enhanced over the next few years with extra chemicals, even including a small bottle of sulphuric acid. A burn on his chin was caused by an accidental splash of sulphuric acid, which left him with a beard.He used to use a Victorian-era brass microscope bought by his father. He made a small kit at about 12 that he used to dissection a bumblebee, but he got into trouble with his parents when he began to dissection a larger specimen. He found a dead cat on the road while doing his paper round and took it home. He said he started to cut it up on the dining room table before Sunday lunch, causing a foul smell in the house. <mask> was a student at the Sixth Form College. He graduated from Oxford's Merton College with first-class honours in 1971 after winning a scholarship. <mask> was a postgraduate student at the Genetics Laboratory at the University of Oxford, where he completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree.After finishing his doctorate, he moved to the University of Amsterdam, where he worked on mammal genes as a research fellow, and then to the University of Leicester, where in 1984 he discovered a method of showing variations between individuals' genes. Jeffreys says he had a "eureka moment" in his lab after looking at the X-ray film image of a DNA experiment on 10 September 1984, which unexpectedly showed both similarities and differences between the DNA of different members of his technician's family. Within half an hour, he realized the scope of DNA fingerprinting, which uses variations in the genetic information to identify individuals. The method has become important in forensic science to assist police detective work, and it has also proved useful in resolving paternity and immigration disputes. In wildlife population genetics studies, the method can be applied to non-human species. His laboratory was the only center in the world that carried out DNA fingerprinting, and was very busy, receiving inquiries from all over the globe. The first use of <mask>'s DNA method was in 1985 when he was asked to help confirm the identity of a British boy whose family was originally from Africa.Jeffreys saw the relief in the mother's face when she heard that the boy was related to the other members of the family. The killer of two teenagers, Dawn Ashworth and Lynda Mann, who were raped and murdered in 1983 and 1986 respectively, was identified through a police forensic test. After semen samples were taken from the two dead girls, Colin Pitchfork was identified and convicted of their murders. British authorities believe that without this identification, an innocent man would have been convicted. In this case, Jeffreys' work proved who the real killer was, exonerating Richard Buckland, who would have spent his life in prison if it hadn't been for Jeffreys' work. Joseph Wambaugh's 1989 best-selling book The Blooding: The True Story of the Narborough Village Murders and the murders and subsequent solving of the crimes was featured in Episode 4 of the first season of the American TV series Medical Detectives. Code of a Killer was a mini-series based on these events.In 1992, Jeffreys's methods were used to confirm the identity of the man who had died in 1979 by comparing his exhumed skeleton with that of his mother and son. The initial test that types many minisatellites simultaneously was developed by <mask> and his team in 1985. By focusing on just a few of these highly variable minisatellites, DNA profiling made the system more sensitive. The standard forensic DNA system was used in criminal case work. New approaches to forensic DNA testing have been opened up due to the development of the polymerase chain reaction. Variable microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats, which Jeffreys first exploited in 1990 in the Mengele case, are the most commonly used markers. The launch of the UK National DNA Database in 1995 was made possible by a team of scientists led by Peter Gill at the forensic science service.Modern-day DNA profiling can process hundreds of samples a day. The current system developed for the NDNAD has a discrimination power of one in over a billion. British law requires anyone arrested in England, Wales or Northern Ireland to have their DNA profile taken and stored on the database, even if they are not convicted. The national database contained the genetic information of more than 5 million people. Jeffreys has opposed the current use of DNA profiling, where the government has access to that database, and has instead proposed a database of all people's DNA, access to which would be controlled by an independent third party. In 1986 I was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1989 I was appointed as a Royal Society Research Professor. The freeman of the City ofLeicester was on November 26, 1992.Knighted for services to genetics and science and technology in 1994. The Albert Einstein World Award of Science was given in 1996. The Australia Prize was awarded in 1998. Jeffreys is a member of staff at the University of Leicester. The Royal Society has a medal. The Pride of Britain Award for Lifetime Achievement was given in 2004. The Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine was awarded in 2004.The Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research was presented in 2005. The United States National Academy of Sciences was elected in 2005. The category of science and innovation was the winner of the Great Briton Award for the greatest Briton of the year. The Dr A.H. Heineken Prize was awarded in 2006 The degree was earned from King's College London. The Graham medal was awarded after he gave his lecture "DNA Profiling; Past, present and future", which was nominated as the Graham lecture. The new Soar Valley College building was officially opened in April 2010.The scientific support building for West Yorkshire Police was officially opened in February 2011. The Doctor of Science degree from De Montfort University was awarded in January. Jeffreys met his future wife, Sue Miles, in a youth club when he was a student, and they married on August 28, 1971 Jeffreys and his wife have two daughters who were born in 1979 and 1983. The Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates Living people are British forensic scientists and English geneticists.

12336948

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Benjamin%20%28investor%29

Michael Benjamin (investor)

Michael Benjamin (born November 1, 1969) was born Michael Benjamin Bonheur in New York City, New York, United States. Benjamin works as a private investor focusing on Internet companies. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 2004. Personal background He is the son of an Iranian Jewish father that immigrated to the United States from Tehran in 1950 and a Catholic mother who immigrated from Honduras. Soon after Michael's birth the family moved to San Pedro Sula, Honduras, where his father was relocated with his job at Bank of America. After about one year in San Pedro Sula they moved to the capital, Tegucigalpa, for another year. In 1971, the family moved to Lima, Peru and in 1973, they moved to Quito, Ecuador. Michael attended school at the American Cotopaxi Academy. Several years later, in 1976, the family moved back to the U.S. They settled in the New York City suburb of Greenwich, Connecticut, where they lived for four years. Michael attended North Street Elementary School. In 1980, the family relocated to Bogotá, Colombia. Michael attended the American school Colegio Nueva Granada. Soon after, in 1982, they moved to Mexico City, where Michael attended the American School Foundation. They left Mexico in 1987 and, after a brief stay in San Francisco, moved back to Greenwich. Michael attended his senior year at Greenwich High School. While there, he was awarded High Honors by the NAACP for his writing in recognition of Black History Month. Benjamin attended New York University where he studied economics and Western literature and was elected president of the student government for his junior and senior years. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1992 and shortly thereafter began work as assistant to the president of Richter & Co., Inc., an investment bank in midtown Manhattan known primarily for launching Cerberus Partners, L.P. a major American hedge fund. He later worked in the insurance industry with American Corporate Benefits, Inc. and Guardian Life Insurance Company, before starting his own securities trading and investments business in 1997. The New York Benevolence Council, Inc. Along with another graduate of NYU, Benjamin founded the New York Benevolence Council, Inc. in 1993, a non-profit organization which provided mentoring and tutoring in New York City public schools, coordinated food and clothing drives, and organized fund-raisers in support of various humanitarian causes. At its height in the late 1990s and early 2000s, NYBC had over 1,000 young professionals serving as volunteer tutors and mentors to public school students, and organizing fund-raising benefits primarily for women and children who were victims of domestic violence. In 2002, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg awarded NYBC a community service award for its work on behalf of victims of domestic violence. In 2003, after a 10-year run, NYBC donated its assets to various charitable organizations and ceased operations. Political career 1996 Congressional Race In 1996, at the age of 25, Benjamin was the Republican nominee for the U.S. Congress from New York's 8th district, covering parts of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Although he lost the race, Benjamin received notable endorsements from Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani and the New York Post. The chairman of the campaign was John C. Whitehead, former chairman of Goldman Sachs & Co. and of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Whitehead went on to head the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, the organization in charge of rebuilding the World Trade Center after September 11 attacks. 2004 Senate Race In January 2003, Benjamin declared his intentions to run for the United States Senate against incumbent Democrat Chuck Schumer. Initially regarded as a long shot, Benjamin stunned many observers when he quickly raised over $820,000 for the campaign from over 20,000 different individuals. The conservative Benjamin battled with the state GOP, which decided in August 2004 there would be no primary. Despite his impressive fundraising, the Republican State Committee nominated moderate Assemblyman Howard Mills to run against Schumer. Mills went on to lose the election in the largest landslide for a Senate seat in the history of New York. Benjamin publicly accused New York GOP Chairman Sandy Treadwell and Governor George Pataki of trying to muscle him out of the Senate race and undermine the democratic process. Many Republican voters were upset when Benjamin was denied the chance to engage in a primary. He had campaigned throughout New York, visiting all 62 counties on several occasions, and had built strong support among political leaders and community groups. In addition, Benjamin received the majority of his financial support in small donations, with only $2,500 from Political Action Committees (PACs). Mills had raised $200,000 less than Benjamin, and a large portion of his campaign contributions came from PACs. Many New York Republicans were irked again in 2006 when a similar situation unfolded as the state party decided to nominate Westchester County District Attorney Jeanine Pirro over conservative lawyer Ed Cox, even though Cox had raised over $1.3 million to Pirro's $400,000. There has not been a Republican primary for Senator since 1992. His platform included simplifying the tax code, lowering taxes, reducing government spending, Social Security private accounts, a strong national defense, and a no-nonsense approach toward Iran, Syria and North Korea. His platform advocated for school choice for "all parents, not just the rich". Benjamin supported banning partial-birth abortion, except for cases where the mother's life is at risk, and abolishing unfunded Medicaid mandates on municipalities. He also stated he wanted to bring jobs back to New York and limit government intervention in the economy. He espoused many very conservative opinions including support for the war in Iraq and supported both the Patriot Act and the inclusion of Iran as part of the Axis of Evil by President Bush. Electoral history Notes External links Benjamin for Senate 2004 Website, Archive of www.benjamin2004.com New York Times profile New York Benevolence Council Website, Archive of www.nybc.us Save New York Website, Archive of www.savenewyork.org National Iranian American Council 1969 births American financiers American investors American money managers Businesspeople in insurance American people of Honduran descent American people of Iranian descent American politicians of Iranian descent Jewish American people in New York (state) politics Living people New York (state) Republicans New York University alumni Politicians from New York City Greenwich High School alumni 21st-century American Jews

<mask> (born November 1, 1969) was born <mask> in New York City, New York, United States. <mask> works as a private investor focusing on Internet companies. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 2004. Personal background He is the son of an Iranian Jewish father that immigrated to the United States from Tehran in 1950 and a Catholic mother who immigrated from Honduras. Soon after <mask>'s birth the family moved to San Pedro Sula, Honduras, where his father was relocated with his job at Bank of America. After about one year in San Pedro Sula they moved to the capital, Tegucigalpa, for another year. In 1971, the family moved to Lima, Peru and in 1973, they moved to Quito, Ecuador.<mask> attended school at the American Cotopaxi Academy. Several years later, in 1976, the family moved back to the U.S. They settled in the New York City suburb of Greenwich, Connecticut, where they lived for four years. <mask> attended North Street Elementary School. In 1980, the family relocated to Bogotá, Colombia. <mask> attended the American school Colegio Nueva Granada. Soon after, in 1982, they moved to Mexico City, where <mask> attended the American School Foundation.They left Mexico in 1987 and, after a brief stay in San Francisco, moved back to Greenwich. <mask> attended his senior year at Greenwich High School. While there, he was awarded High Honors by the NAACP for his writing in recognition of Black History Month. <mask> attended New York University where he studied economics and Western literature and was elected president of the student government for his junior and senior years. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1992 and shortly thereafter began work as assistant to the president of Richter & Co., Inc., an investment bank in midtown Manhattan known primarily for launching Cerberus Partners, L.P. a major American hedge fund. He later worked in the insurance industry with American Corporate Benefits, Inc. and Guardian Life Insurance Company, before starting his own securities trading and investments business in 1997. The New York Benevolence Council, Inc.Along with another graduate of NYU, <mask> founded the New York Benevolence Council, Inc. in 1993, a non-profit organization which provided mentoring and tutoring in New York City public schools, coordinated food and clothing drives, and organized fund-raisers in support of various humanitarian causes. At its height in the late 1990s and early 2000s, NYBC had over 1,000 young professionals serving as volunteer tutors and mentors to public school students, and organizing fund-raising benefits primarily for women and children who were victims of domestic violence. In 2002, New York City Mayor <mask> awarded NYBC a community service award for its work on behalf of victims of domestic violence. In 2003, after a 10-year run, NYBC donated its assets to various charitable organizations and ceased operations. Political career 1996 Congressional Race In 1996, at the age of 25, <mask> was the Republican nominee for the U.S. Congress from New York's 8th district, covering parts of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Although he lost the race, <mask> received notable endorsements from Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani and the New York Post. The chairman of the campaign was John C. Whitehead, former chairman of Goldman Sachs & Co. and of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.Whitehead went on to head the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, the organization in charge of rebuilding the World Trade Center after September 11 attacks. 2004 Senate Race In January 2003, <mask> declared his intentions to run for the United States Senate against incumbent Democrat Chuck Schumer. Initially regarded as a long shot, <mask> stunned many observers when he quickly raised over $820,000 for the campaign from over 20,000 different individuals. The conservative <mask> battled with the state GOP, which decided in August 2004 there would be no primary. Despite his impressive fundraising, the Republican State Committee nominated moderate Assemblyman Howard Mills to run against Schumer. Mills went on to lose the election in the largest landslide for a Senate seat in the history of New York. <mask> publicly accused New York GOP Chairman Sandy Treadwell and Governor George Pataki of trying to muscle him out of the Senate race and undermine the democratic process.Many Republican voters were upset when <mask> was denied the chance to engage in a primary. He had campaigned throughout New York, visiting all 62 counties on several occasions, and had built strong support among political leaders and community groups. In addition, <mask> received the majority of his financial support in small donations, with only $2,500 from Political Action Committees (PACs). Mills had raised $200,000 less than <mask>, and a large portion of his campaign contributions came from PACs. Many New York Republicans were irked again in 2006 when a similar situation unfolded as the state party decided to nominate Westchester County District Attorney Jeanine Pirro over conservative lawyer Ed Cox, even though Cox had raised over $1.3 million to Pirro's $400,000. There has not been a Republican primary for Senator since 1992. His platform included simplifying the tax code, lowering taxes, reducing government spending, Social Security private accounts, a strong national defense, and a no-nonsense approach toward Iran, Syria and North Korea.His platform advocated for school choice for "all parents, not just the rich". <mask> supported banning partial-birth abortion, except for cases where the mother's life is at risk, and abolishing unfunded Medicaid mandates on municipalities. He also stated he wanted to bring jobs back to New York and limit government intervention in the economy. He espoused many very conservative opinions including support for the war in Iraq and supported both the Patriot Act and the inclusion of Iran as part of the Axis of Evil by President Bush. Electoral history Notes External links <mask> for Senate 2004 Website, Archive of www.benjamin2004.com New York Times profile New York Benevolence Council Website, Archive of www.nybc.us Save New York Website, Archive of www.savenewyork.org National Iranian American Council 1969 births American financiers American investors American money managers Businesspeople in insurance American people of Honduran descent American people of Iranian descent American politicians of Iranian descent Jewish American people in New York (state) politics Living people New York (state) Republicans New York University alumni Politicians from New York City Greenwich High School alumni 21st-century American Jews

<mask> was born in New York City. <mask> is a private investor. He was a Republican candidate for the United States Senate. He is the son of an Iranian Jewish father who came to the United States from Tehran in 1950 and a Catholic mother who came from Honduras. After <mask>'s birth, his family moved to San Pedro Sula, Honduras, where his father worked at Bank of America. They moved to Tegucigalpa for another year after one year in San Pedro Sula. In 1971 the family moved to Arequipa, Arequipa, and in 1973.<mask> was a student at the American Cotopaxi Academy. In 1976, the family moved back to the U.S. They lived in Connecticut for four years before moving to New York City. <mask> was a student at North Street Elementary School. The family moved to Bogot in 1980. <mask> attended an American school. <mask> attended the American School Foundation in Mexico City.After a brief stay in San Francisco, they moved back to Connecticut. <mask> was a senior at the high school. He was honored by the NAACP for his writing in recognition of Black History Month. <mask> was elected president of the student government for his junior and senior years at New York University, where he studied economics and Western literature. He began work as an assistant to the president of Richter & Co., Inc., an investment bank in Midtown Manhattan, after receiving his Bachelor of Arts in 1992. He started his own securities trading and investments business after working in the insurance industry. The New York Benevolence Council is an organization.In 1993, <mask> founded the New York Benevolence Council, Inc., a non-profit organization which provided mentoring and tutoring in New York City public schools, coordinated food and clothing drives, and organized fund-raisers in support of various humanitarian causes. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, NYBC had over 1,000 young professionals serving as volunteer tutors and mentors to public school students, and organizing fund-raising benefits for women and children who were victims of domestic violence. NYBC received a community service award from the New York City Mayor in 2002. NYBC ceased operations in 2003 after donating its assets to various charities. <mask> ran for Congress from New York's 8th district at the age of 25. <mask> received endorsements from the New York Post and Mayor Giuliani. John C. Whitehead was the chairman of the campaign.The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation was in charge of rebuilding the World Trade Center after September 11. <mask> ran for the United States Senate against Chuck Schumer in 2004. <mask> stunned many observers when he quickly raised over $820,000 for the campaign from over 20,000 different individuals. The state GOP decided in August of 2004 that there would be no primary. Moderate Assemblyman Howard Mills was nominated by the Republican State Committee to run against Schumer. In the history of New York, this was the largest landslide for a Senate seat. <mask> accused Governor George Pataki of trying to undermine the democratic process by trying to muscle him out of the Senate race.<mask> was denied the chance to participate in a primary that many Republican voters were upset about. He had visited all of New York's 62 counties and built support among political leaders and community groups. <mask> received the majority of his financial support in small donations. Mills raised $200,000 less than <mask>, and a large portion of his campaign contributions came from political action committees. When the state party decided to nominate Westchester County District Attorney Jeanine Pirro over conservative lawyer Ed Cox, many New York Republicans were angry. Since 1992, there has been no Republican primary for Senator. A no-nonsense approach toward Iran, Syria and North Korea was included in his platform.He advocated for school choice for all parents. <mask> was in favor of banning partial-birth abortion, but only in cases where the mother's life is at risk. He wanted to bring jobs back to New York and limit government intervention in the economy. He supported the war in Iraq and supported the inclusion of Iran as part of the axis of evil. <mask> for Senate 2004 Website, Archive of www.benjamin 2004.com, New York Times profile, New York Benevolence Council Website, Archive of www.nybc.us, Save New York Website, Archive of www.savenewyork.org, National Iranian American Council Website

187079

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin%20Johnson%20%28musician%29

Calvin Johnson (musician)

Calvin Johnson (born November 1, 1962) is an American guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, music producer, and disc jockey born in Olympia, Washington. Known for his uniquely deep and droning singing voice, Johnson was a founding member of the bands Cool Rays, Beat Happening, Dub Narcotic Sound System, The Go Team and The Halo Benders. Calvin Johnson is also the founder and owner of the influential indie label K Records (now Dub Narcotics) and has been cited as a major player in the beginning of the modern independent music movement. As a prominent figure in the Olympia music scene, he was one of the major organizers of the seminal International Pop Underground Convention. Career Early years Calvin's first introduction to underground culture was in 1977 when he became a volunteer at Olympia's community radio station, KAOS-FM, at the age of fifteen. The station's uniquely progressive programming policy mandated a focus on music available through independent and artist owned labels, rather than centralized corporate media. This independent, do-it-yourself ethos has been an important influence on Johnson's career. Johnson soon began writing for fanzines, such as Sub/Pop (later to become Sub Pop Records) and Op, and also organized music and film events. Johnson attended The Evergreen State College in Olympia, where his first band, a short-lived group called Cool Rays, made their debut recordings with Steve Fisk in 1981. Calvin established K in the summer of 1982. At some point, his father gave him a Martin acoustic guitar. He later told an interviewer that his father had "received it as a wedding present from his bride." Beat Happening Johnson formed Beat Happening in 1982 with fellow Evergreen students Heather Lewis and Bret Lunsford. Beat Happening were early leaders in the American indie rock and lo-fi movements, noted for their use of primitive recording techniques, disregard for the technical aspects of musicianship, and songs with subject matters of a childish or coy nature. Instruments were guitar and drums, with members frequently switching instruments and Calvin and Heather taking turns on lead vocals. Tours with artists such as Fugazi confused and alienated audience members. while articulating a punk rock position of defiance that was more sensitive than macho. The band has been on hiatus since 1992, but briefly resurfaced to release a new 7" in 2001. Go Team The Go Team was a collaborative project started in 1985 based around the core duo of Johnson and Tobi Vail, later of Bikini Kill & Kill Rock Stars. They toured the West Coast as a two piece, adding Billy Karren for two U.S. tours. The group released several cassettes and 9 singles on K, with a rotating cast of collaborators that included Kurt Cobain, Rich Jensen, David Nichols, and Donna Dresch. All of their recordings are currently out of print. Dub Narcotic Sound System Dub Narcotic Sound System, named after Calvin's famed analog recording studio, was a project that explored funkier, more dance-party-oriented material in the tradition of the Stax/Volt house bands. Johnson was the sole member to appear on every recording, surrounded by a loose collective of musicians that's included Larry Butler, Todd Ranslow, and Brian Weber (all members of hip-hop group Dead Presidents). Numerous 7" singles and several full-length albums were released. The revolving door nature of the ensemble led to collaborations with Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Lois Maffeo and director/writer/performer Miranda July. The lineup later solidified around the trio of Johnson, bassist Chris Sutton (C.O.C.O, Hornet Leg, The Gossip) and drummer Heather Dunn (Tiger Trap). A catastrophic tour van crash in Montana in 2003 nearly ended the band's career in tragedy. Johnson suffered a major concussion that left him with broken ribs and a serious speech impediment; he has since largely recovered. The band has not toured or released recordings since 2004's Degenerate Introduction. Halo Benders Halo Benders was a collaboration between Johnson and Doug Martsch of Built To Spill. From 1994–1998, they released three albums. Calvin's deep baritone voice and Doug's high melodies are heard simultaneously, occasionally harmonizing, but often operating independently of one another. Despite the Halo Benders' critical and commercial success, Martsch's commitment to touring with Built To Spill prevented the band from touring and recording more. The band reunited for a 2008 performance in Boise, and may be working on new material. Solo career Concurrent with his activity with Dub Narcotic Sound System, Johnson began performing solo shows under his own name. Calvin's solo material was a marked contrast to the upbeat rock of Halo Benders and the funk-soul of DNSS, as it allowed him to explore mournful blues, folk, & gospel elements. His first solo album, What Was Me, is an introspective album about love, loss, and death. While some songs employ simple nylon-string guitar accompaniment, many feature only Johnson's voice. It also contains duets with Beth Ditto of The Gossip and Mirah. His second album, Before the Dream Faded..., is more varied. It includes collaborations with a variety of northwest indie luminaries. The songs cover an odd range of subjects, such as the size and color of hearts, Lucifer, and falling in love. His third album Calvin Johnson & The Sons of the Soil is a career-spanning collection of re-recorded songs with a band consisting of Kyle Field, Adam Forkner, and Jason Anderson, documenting that ensemble's 2003 West Coast touring lineup. His fourth album A Wonderful Beast, is true to Johnson's long established vocal and poetic style with a more contemporary production value created in part by the records producer Patrick Carney of The Black Keys who also worked as a one-man backing band of guitars, drums, bass, and keyboards. Current projects In 2008, Calvin Johnson appeared in the film The Lollipop Generation by G.B. Jones. Calvin's newest project is Hive Dwellers, who made their recorded début performing Superchunk's "My Noise" on SCORE! 20 Years of Merge Records: The Covers! A full-length release is planned for fall 2009. Calvin has also revived his Dub Narcotic Disco Plate 45 rpm series, collaborating with artists such as Atlas Sound, Mahjongg, and Joey Casio at Dub Narcotic to record an A-side, and creating a Selector Dub Narcotic version for the b-side. Relationship with other musicians After meeting Ian MacKaye in 1980, Johnson later became friends with the members of Fugazi, and Beat Happening was the opening band on one of Fugazi's first tours. Johnson has worked with Modest Mouse, Beck, Heavenly, The Microphones, Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, The Blow, Jens Lekman, Mecca Normal, The Gossip and Built to Spill, Fifth Column, among many others. Since founding his Dub Narcotic recording studio in 1993, he has produced and engineered recordings by many bands and artists. Friends of Kurt Cobain such as Ian Dickson of Earth, Mark Arm of Mudhoney, Bruce Pavitt and Slim Moon have all acknowledged Johnson's significant influence on the late musician. Cobain cited Beat Happening's Jamboree as one of his favorite records, and even got the K Records logo (a small "K" in a shield) tattooed on his arm to "try and remind [him] to stay a child." They were friends in the late 80s/early 90s when Cobain lived in Olympia; he'd been a guest with The Go Team, and on September 25, 1990, Cobain appeared on a KAOS (FM) show hosted by Johnson and performed a number of songs acoustically, including a duet with Johnson on the Wipers song, "D-7." Cobain later grew to resent Johnson's "arrogance" and denounced his ties in a (private) journal entry. Johnson is also referred to in the John Peel session version of the Hole song, "Olympia" (also credited as "Rock Star" on the album Live Through This). The band's lead singer, Courtney Love has the line: 'I went to school with Calvin,' a reference to Johnson's influence within the burgeoning Olympia indie music scene. In 1993, Johnson had a restraining order placed on Love for harassment and assault. Solo discography What Was Me (2002, K Records) Before the Dream Faded... (2005, K Records) Calvin Johnson & The Sons of the Soil (2007, K Records) This Party Is Just Getting Started (as Selector Dub Narcotic, 2016, K Records) A Wonderful Beast (2018) References External links Interview with Kittenpants American baritones Beat Happening members K Records artists Sub Pop artists Evergreen State College alumni Musicians from Olympia, Washington 1962 births Living people American punk rock singers American punk rock guitarists American indie rock musicians Guitarists from Washington (state) American male guitarists 20th-century American guitarists Dub Narcotic Sound System members

<mask> (born November 1, 1962) is an American guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, music producer, and disc jockey born in Olympia, Washington. Known for his uniquely deep and droning singing voice, <mask> was a founding member of the bands Cool Rays, Beat Happening, Dub Narcotic Sound System, The Go Team and The Halo Benders. <mask> is also the founder and owner of the influential indie label K Records (now Dub Narcotics) and has been cited as a major player in the beginning of the modern independent music movement. As a prominent figure in the Olympia music scene, he was one of the major organizers of the seminal International Pop Underground Convention. Career Early years <mask>'s first introduction to underground culture was in 1977 when he became a volunteer at Olympia's community radio station, KAOS-FM, at the age of fifteen. The station's uniquely progressive programming policy mandated a focus on music available through independent and artist owned labels, rather than centralized corporate media. This independent, do-it-yourself ethos has been an important influence on <mask>'s career.<mask> soon began writing for fanzines, such as Sub/Pop (later to become Sub Pop Records) and Op, and also organized music and film events. <mask> attended The Evergreen State College in Olympia, where his first band, a short-lived group called Cool Rays, made their debut recordings with Steve Fisk in 1981. <mask> established K in the summer of 1982. At some point, his father gave him a Martin acoustic guitar. He later told an interviewer that his father had "received it as a wedding present from his bride." Beat Happening <mask> formed Beat Happening in 1982 with fellow Evergreen students Heather Lewis and Bret Lunsford. Beat Happening were early leaders in the American indie rock and lo-fi movements, noted for their use of primitive recording techniques, disregard for the technical aspects of musicianship, and songs with subject matters of a childish or coy nature.Instruments were guitar and drums, with members frequently switching instruments and <mask> and Heather taking turns on lead vocals. Tours with artists such as Fugazi confused and alienated audience members. while articulating a punk rock position of defiance that was more sensitive than macho. The band has been on hiatus since 1992, but briefly resurfaced to release a new 7" in 2001. Go Team The Go Team was a collaborative project started in 1985 based around the core duo of <mask> and Tobi Vail, later of Bikini Kill & Kill Rock Stars. They toured the West Coast as a two piece, adding Billy Karren for two U.S. tours. The group released several cassettes and 9 singles on K, with a rotating cast of collaborators that included Kurt Cobain, Rich Jensen, David Nichols, and Donna Dresch.All of their recordings are currently out of print. Dub Narcotic Sound System Dub Narcotic Sound System, named after <mask>'s famed analog recording studio, was a project that explored funkier, more dance-party-oriented material in the tradition of the Stax/Volt house bands. <mask> was the sole member to appear on every recording, surrounded by a loose collective of musicians that's included Larry Butler, Todd Ranslow, and Brian Weber (all members of hip-hop group Dead Presidents). Numerous 7" singles and several full-length albums were released. The revolving door nature of the ensemble led to collaborations with Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Lois Maffeo and director/writer/performer Miranda July. The lineup later solidified around the trio of <mask>, bassist Chris Sutton (C.O.C.O, Hornet Leg, The Gossip) and drummer Heather Dunn (Tiger Trap). A catastrophic tour van crash in Montana in 2003 nearly ended the band's career in tragedy.<mask> suffered a major concussion that left him with broken ribs and a serious speech impediment; he has since largely recovered. The band has not toured or released recordings since 2004's Degenerate Introduction. Halo Benders Halo Benders was a collaboration between <mask> and Doug Martsch of Built To Spill. From 1994–1998, they released three albums. <mask>'s deep baritone voice and Doug's high melodies are heard simultaneously, occasionally harmonizing, but often operating independently of one another. Despite the Halo Benders' critical and commercial success, Martsch's commitment to touring with Built To Spill prevented the band from touring and recording more. The band reunited for a 2008 performance in Boise, and may be working on new material.Solo career Concurrent with his activity with Dub Narcotic Sound System, <mask> began performing solo shows under his own name. <mask>'s solo material was a marked contrast to the upbeat rock of Halo Benders and the funk-soul of DNSS, as it allowed him to explore mournful blues, folk, & gospel elements. His first solo album, What Was Me, is an introspective album about love, loss, and death. While some songs employ simple nylon-string guitar accompaniment, many feature only <mask>'s voice. It also contains duets with Beth Ditto of The Gossip and Mirah. His second album, Before the Dream Faded..., is more varied. It includes collaborations with a variety of northwest indie luminaries.The songs cover an odd range of subjects, such as the size and color of hearts, Lucifer, and falling in love. His third album <mask> & The Sons of the Soil is a career-spanning collection of re-recorded songs with a band consisting of Kyle Field, Adam Forkner, and Jason Anderson, documenting that ensemble's 2003 West Coast touring lineup. His fourth album A Wonderful Beast, is true to <mask>'s long established vocal and poetic style with a more contemporary production value created in part by the records producer Patrick Carney of The Black Keys who also worked as a one-man backing band of guitars, drums, bass, and keyboards. Current projects In 2008, <mask> appeared in the film The Lollipop Generation by G.B. Jones. <mask>'s newest project is Hive Dwellers, who made their recorded début performing Superchunk's "My Noise" on SCORE! 20 Years of Merge Records: The Covers!A full-length release is planned for fall 2009. <mask> has also revived his Dub Narcotic Disco Plate 45 rpm series, collaborating with artists such as Atlas Sound, Mahjongg, and Joey Casio at Dub Narcotic to record an A-side, and creating a Selector Dub Narcotic version for the b-side. Relationship with other musicians After meeting Ian MacKaye in 1980, <mask> later became friends with the members of Fugazi, and Beat Happening was the opening band on one of Fugazi's first tours. <mask> has worked with Modest Mouse, Beck, Heavenly, The Microphones, Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, The Blow, Jens Lekman, Mecca Normal, The Gossip and Built to Spill, Fifth Column, among many others. Since founding his Dub Narcotic recording studio in 1993, he has produced and engineered recordings by many bands and artists. Friends of Kurt Cobain such as Ian Dickson of Earth, Mark Arm of Mudhoney, Bruce Pavitt and Slim Moon have all acknowledged <mask>'s significant influence on the late musician. Cobain cited Beat Happening's Jamboree as one of his favorite records, and even got the K Records logo (a small "K" in a shield) tattooed on his arm to "try and remind [him] to stay a child."They were friends in the late 80s/early 90s when Cobain lived in Olympia; he'd been a guest with The Go Team, and on September 25, 1990, Cobain appeared on a KAOS (FM) show hosted by <mask> and performed a number of songs acoustically, including a duet with <mask> on the Wipers song, "D-7." Cobain later grew to resent <mask>'s "arrogance" and denounced his ties in a (private) journal entry. <mask> is also referred to in the John Peel session version of the Hole song, "Olympia" (also credited as "Rock Star" on the album Live Through This). The band's lead singer, Courtney Love has the line: 'I went to school with <mask>,' a reference to <mask>'s influence within the burgeoning Olympia indie music scene. In 1993, <mask> had a restraining order placed on Love for harassment and assault. Solo discography What Was Me (2002, K Records) Before the Dream Faded... (2005, K Records) <mask> & The Sons of the Soil (2007, K Records) This Party Is Just Getting Started (as Selector Dub Narcotic, 2016, K Records) A Wonderful Beast (2018) References External links Interview with Kittenpants American baritones Beat Happening members K Records artists Sub Pop artists Evergreen State College alumni Musicians from Olympia, Washington 1962 births Living people American punk rock singers American punk rock guitarists American indie rock musicians Guitarists from Washington (state) American male guitarists 20th-century American guitarists Dub Narcotic Sound System members

<mask> was born in Washington and is an American guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, music producer, and disc jockey. <mask> was a founding member of the bands Cool Rays, Beat Happening, Dub Narcotic Sound System, and The Go Team. <mask>, the founder and owner of the influential independent label K Records, has been cited as a major player in the beginning of the modern independent music movement. He was one of the main organizers of the International Pop Underground Convention. <mask>'s first introduction to underground culture was when he became a volunteer at KAOS-FM at the age of fifteen. The station's programming policy mandated a focus on music from independent and artist owned labels. <mask>'s career has been influenced by this do-it-yourself ethos.<mask> started writing for fanzines, such as Sub/Pop (later to become Sub Pop Records) and Op, and also organized music and film events. In 1981 <mask>'s first band made their debut recordings with Steve Fisk, and they were called Cool rays. <mask> established K in 1982. His father gave him a guitar. He told an interviewer that his father received it as a wedding present. Beat Happening was formed in 1982 by <mask>, Lewis and Lunsford. Beat Happening were early leaders in the American independent rock and lo-fi movements, noted for their use of primitive recording techniques, disregard for the technical aspects of musicianship, and songs with subject matters of a childish or coy nature.<mask> and Heather took turns on lead vocals, with members frequently changing instruments. Audience members were confused by tours with artists such as Fugazi. The punk rock position of defiance was more sensitive than macho. The band released a new 7" in 2001. Go Team The Go Team was a collaborative project started in 1985 based around the core duo of <mask> and Tobi Vail, later of Bikini Kill & Kill Rock Stars. Billy Karren was added for two U.S. tours. The group released several cassettes and 9 singles on K, with a rotating cast of partners.They have all of their recordings out of print. Dub Narcotic Sound System, named after <mask>'s famed analog recording studio, was a project that explored more dance-party oriented material in the tradition of the Stax/Volt house bands. <mask> was the sole member to appear on every recording, surrounded by a loose collective of musicians that's included Larry Butler, Todd Ranslow, and Brian Weber, all members of hip-hop group Dead Presidents. Several full-length albums were released. Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Lois Maffeo and Miranda July collaborated with the revolving door nature of the ensemble. The lineup later solidified around the trio of <mask>, Chris and Heather. A tour van crash in Montana in 2003 almost ended the band's career.<mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Since 2004, the band has not toured or released recordings. <mask> and Doug Martsch of Built To Spill collaborated on a project. They released three albums. <mask>'s deep voice and Doug's high melody are heard at the same time, but sometimes in different ways. The band was unable to tour and record more due to Martsch's commitment to touring with Built To Spill. A band is working on new material after a performance in 2008.<mask> began performing solo shows under his own name. <mask>'s solo material allowed him to explore mournful blues, folk, and gospel elements, as it was a marked contrast to his band's upbeat rock. What Was Me is an album about love, loss, and death. Some songs use nylon-string guitar accompaniment, while others only feature <mask>'s voice. It has duets with Beth Ditto of The Gossip and Mirah. His second album is more varied. There are collaborations with a variety of northwest independents.Some of the subjects covered in the songs are the size and color of hearts, and falling in love. <mask> & The Sons of the Soil is a career-spanning collection of re-recorded songs with a band consisting of Kyle Field, Adam Forkner, and Jason Anderson, documenting that ensemble's 2003 West Coast touring lineup. His fourth album is a reflection of <mask>'s long established vocal and poetic style with a more contemporary production value created in part by the records producer Patrick Carney of The Black Keys who also worked as a one-man backing band of guitars, drums, bass, and keyboards. <mask> appeared in a film called The Lollipop Generation. Jones. Hive Dwellers made their recorded debut performing Superchunk's "My Noise" on SCORE! The covers are from 20 Years of Merge Records.There will be a full-length release in the fall of 2009. <mask> has revived his Dub Narcotic Disco Plate 45rpm series, collaborating with artists such as Atlas Sound, and creating a Selector Dub Narcotic version for the b-side. Beat Happening was the opening band on one of the first tours of Fugazi, and <mask> became friends with the members of the band. <mask> has worked with Modest Mouse, Beck, Heavenly, The Microphones, Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, The Blow, Jens Lekman, Mecca Normal, The Gossip and Built to Spill. He has produced and engineered recordings for many bands and artists. Ian Dickson of Earth, Mark Arm of Mudhoney, Bruce Pavitt and Slim Moon all acknowledged <mask>'s influence on Kurt Cobain. He got the K Records logo tattooed on his arm in order to remind him to stay a child.They were friends in the late 80s/ early 90s when Cobain lived in Olympia, and he was a guest on The Go Team, and on September 25, 1990 he performed a number of songs on a KAOS show hosted by <mask>. Cobain resented <mask>'s "arrogance" and denounced his ties in a private journal entry. The John Peel session version of the Hole song "Olympia" refers to <mask> as the "Rock Star" on the album Live Through This. The lead singer of the band has a line about going to school with <mask>. Love had a restraining order placed on <mask>. What Was Me is a solo album by <mask> and The Sons of the Soil.

14925229

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina%20Grannis

Kina Grannis

Kina Kasuya Grannis (born August 4, 1985) is a Japanese-American singer-songwriter, guitarist and YouTuber. Grannis was the winner of the 2008 Doritos Crash the Super Bowl contest, earning a recording contract with Interscope Records and having her music video played during the commercials of Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008. In 2010, Grannis released her album Stairwells and the music video for "In Your Arms", leading to appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. Grannis joined the crowdsource funding platform Patreon in 2014 shortly before releasing her album Elements. While touring in support of Elements, Grannis was held in Indonesia for one hundred days. Longtime collaboration with Wong Fu Productions culminated in a starring role in the YouTube Red Original romantic comedy series Single by 30. In 2018 Grannis released In the Waiting, the first album off her listener supported label, shortly before making a cameo appearance in the award-winning box office smash Crazy Rich Asians and embarking on an international concert tour. Early life and career beginnings Grannis grew up in Mission Viejo, California. Grannis attended Viejo Elementary School, Newhart Middle School and, from 1999 to 2003, Capistrano Valley High School. Grannis enrolled at the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles in 2003. Two years later, staff members of the University's Thornton School of Music asked her to produce an album in their music and music industry departments. That album, Sincerely, Me., was released the same year. In 2007, she graduated summa cum laude in social science with an emphasis on psychology. While attending USC, she was inducted into academic society Phi Beta Kappa. Career In 2006, Grannis recorded and self-released two more albums, One More in the Attic and In Memory of the Singing Bridge. In early 2007, she recorded "Ours to Keep" written by Rachael Lawrence and Deborah Ellen. This song would be featured regularly on General Hospital and was in an episode of the ABC Family's mini-series Samurai Girl in September 2008. On November 14, 2007, she created her YouTube account and began posting videos of her songs online. Her first video, "Message from Your Heart", was entered into Doritos Crash the Super Bowl contest. Her progress in the competition was covered in The Orange County Register and The Wall Street Journal. and featured on FOX News Los Angeles, Good Day L.A. and Yahoo!. The contest, which she won, landed her a contract with Interscope Records. Her YouTube videos have received more than 99 million views and have propelled her to become one of YouTube's most popular personalities. Grannis planned to work with Interscope Records to produce a new album, but in January 2009, she announced that she was leaving the label to be an independent artist. On February 24, 2008, Grannis sang the national anthem for the Auto Club 500 NASCAR race in Fontana, California. In June 2009 her songs "Never Never" and "People" were used in episodes of MTV's reality series College Life. On January 13, 2010, Grannis was the headliner at a sold-out show at The Troubadour club in Los Angeles. Stairwells (2010) Stairwells was released on February 23, 2010, and included many original songs already appearing on YouTube, as well as three previously unreleased songs: "World in Front of Me", "In Your Arms", and "Mr. Sun". Stairwells debuted at No. 139 on the Billboard 200, No. 5 on the Billboard Top Internet Albums chart, No. 2 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart, and No. 18 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. The location of her release party for Stairwells, the Dakota Lounge in Santa Monica, was the subject of an article in the Orange Country Register because the venue enabled her to show her gratitude to her fans. On March 13, 2010, her single "Valentine" was played by Paul Gambaccini on BBC Radio 2, a popular radio station in the UK. The music video for "Valentine" directed by a young and talented viral video director Ross Ching has been viewed well over 21 million times on YouTube. Grannis' Stairwells Springtime Tour began in San Francisco on May 24, 2010, and concluded in late June after several stints on the East Coast and in Canada. Her Fall Tour began on September 17, 2010, and concluded on November 17, 2010. On July 10, 2010, she played at Lilith Fair in St. Louis, Missouri. In 2010, Grannis was featured as Judy in a miniseries by Wong Fu Productions entitled "Funemployed". In early 2011, Grannis was awarded the title of Sirius/XM CoffeeHouse's 2010 Singer-Songwriter Discovery of the Year after a months-long online voting period. Her song "Heart and Mind" was used for the German TV series Anna und die Liebe. On November 3, 2011, Grannis released a stop-motion music video for the single In Your Arms, using 288,000 Jelly Belly jelly beans. It took about 2 years to complete the project. The video accumulated over 1 million views within the first three days. It now has over 13 million views. World in Front of Me Tour (2011) In April 2011, Grannis launched her first world tour. She performed in the eastern regions of Canada and in the eastern and southern regions of the United States. She continued in May through the northwest region of North America which included stops in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Los Angeles. Shows in Europe and southeast Asia followed into the fall of 2011. In Your Arms Tour (2011) In late 2011 and into 2012, Grannis launched her In Your Arms Tour in Europe, Asia (Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong), Australia, and North America. In March 2013, Grannis gave a talk at TEDx Hollywood titled 'Finding Community Through the Internet'. Elements (2014) Elements was released on May 6, 2014, and was produced by Matt Hales (a.k.a. Aqualung). Starting in November 2013, Grannis began ramping up for the forthcoming album with the launch of "Kina Mondays", which promised a weekly video via Kina's YouTube channel. Nearly six months later, she continued to deliver on that promise and released a video for "The Fire", the first single from Elements. The song showcases acoustics and folk-driven vocals. The following week another album track was released via video with a stripped-down version of "My Own" featuring her sisters. "Dear River", an upbeat track, premiered on Glamour'''s "Obsessed Blog". Elements debuted at No. 48 on the Billboard 200, No. 4 on the Billboard Americana/Folk chart, and No. 7 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. On its release day, Elements hit No. 2 on iTunes Singer Songwriter Chart, and No. 1 on iTunes Canada. Grannis announced that she would be celebrating the release of her sophomore studio album Elements with fans at a handful of intimate shows across North America, kicking off with a show at the Troubadour in Hollywood on May 6 – Elements release date. From there, she performed in San Francisco, New York City, Brooklyn, DC, Boston, Toronto, and Chicago. The select dates were the first time fans could hear Elements live and also served as her first official headline run since the spring of 2012. In late 2014 and 2015, Grannis launched her Elements tour in Europe and North America. She embarked on a tour of Southeast Asia, but was only able to play two shows before she and her band were detained by Indonesian authorities for having the wrong type of visas. Grannis and her crew were deported from the country after three months. Patreon Grannis joined Patreon, a site created by Jack Conte to provide artists a living via direct support, in April 2014. In April 2017, Grannis created a record label entirely composed of her patrons and began creating an album entirely funded by her supporters. On advice of these supporters, the record label was named KG Records. Grannis began recording, producing, and releasing songs from the upcoming album throughout 2017. In the Waiting (2018) Her first major release under KG Records was the album In The Waiting, on June 29, 2018. Collaborations Grannis has been a part of several Wong Fu Productions short films including The Last, as well as the series Funemployed and Single by 30. She has also appeared in other YouTube stars' videos. One of the bands Grannis has performed with in YouTube videos is Boyce Avenue. They have recorded many cover songs together such as Fast Car, originally by Tracy Chapman, and the song With or Without You by U2. She also collaborated with Ryan Higa, David Choi, and Jesse Epstein to create a comedic song and music video, titled "Millennial Love". Personal life Grannis has two sisters, Misa and Emi, both of whom have occasionally been featured in her video blogs, as well as accompanying her at concerts and on tour. Her father, Gordon, is a chiropractor, and her mother, Trish, is a graphic designer. On August 31, 2013, Grannis married frequent musical collaborator Jesse Epstein in a small ceremony in Los Angeles, California, after they had dated for 11 years. They met while attending Capistrano Valley High School in 2002; Jesse was in the grade below Kina. Grannis used footage from her wedding to create the music video she released for her song "My Dear". In June 2021, after years of struggling with infertility, Grannis announced that she and her husband were expecting a daughter. On September 14, 2015, Grannis and her band left Los Angeles heading to Jakarta, Indonesia. It would have been the first concert in a tour of Southeast Asia. Due to complications with her work visa, she was detained for 100 days in the country. During this time she was told to not talk about her struggles or create any YouTube videos. While waiting each day for an update she was able to write two songs, California and For Now. Philanthropy An avid supporter of cancer research, Grannis has performed at several Southern California Relay For Life functions over the years. In late 2007, she contributed her music to the Band Together: To Fight Measles benefit album. In October 2008, she participated in the Nike Women's Marathon in San Francisco to support the Leukemia Lymphoma Society in honor of her mother, raising $6,000 for the organization. In 2009, the philanthropic organization Sister to Sisters adopted her song Message from Your Heart.In 2011, Grannis contributed her song Message from Your Heart to a benefit album released as part of a broader relief effort for the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. In 2012, she launched a charity project called Run Team Kina dedicated to the promotion of personal health and wellness and to raise money for the Leukemia Lymphoma Society. In 2012, Run Team Kina raised $71,886 for The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. DiscographySincerely, Me.One More in the AtticIn Memory of the Singing BridgeStairwellsElementsIn the WaitingIt's Hard To Be HumanSongs in other media Television appearances Good Day, LA (KTTV, Los Angeles) – February 5, 2008 NASCAR California 500 (Fox, National) – February 24, 2008 The Early Show (CBS, National) – June 19, 2010 San Diego Living (XETV, San Diego) – September 14, 2010 The Morning Show (WJXT, Jacksonville) – October 6, 2010 Good Day (WOFL, Orlando) – October 8, 2010 Featured in "Nice Guys" Music Video with Chester See, NigaHiga, and KevJumba – May 31, 2011 Taratata (France 2, Paris – France) – November 9, 2011 Ellen (Syndicated, National) – November 15, 2011 E! News (E!, National)- November 22, 2011 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC, National)- January 12, 2012 Channel News Asia AM LIVE! ( Singapore ) – March 20, 2012 The Real L Word (uncredited) (Showtime) – September 6, 2012 Web Series appearances Single by 30 as Joanna Taylor (YouTube Red Original Series) – (August 24, 2016 – October 4, 2016) Film appearances Crazy Rich Asians'' as herself – August 15, 2018 Awards and nominations References External links Official site 1985 births Living people 21st-century American women guitarists 21st-century American guitarists 21st-century American women singers American women pop singers American women singer-songwriters American musicians of Japanese descent American pop guitarists American YouTubers Interscope Records artists Musicians from Orange County, California People from Mission Viejo, California Guitarists from California Singer-songwriters from California University of Southern California alumni 21st-century American singers

<mask> (born August 4, 1985) is a Japanese-American singer-songwriter, guitarist and YouTuber. <mask> was the winner of the 2008 Doritos Crash the Super Bowl contest, earning a recording contract with Interscope Records and having her music video played during the commercials of Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008. In 2010, <mask> released her album Stairwells and the music video for "In Your Arms", leading to appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. <mask> joined the crowdsource funding platform Patreon in 2014 shortly before releasing her album Elements. While touring in support of Elements, <mask> was held in Indonesia for one hundred days. Longtime collaboration with Wong Fu Productions culminated in a starring role in the YouTube Red Original romantic comedy series Single by 30. In 2018 Grannis released In the Waiting, the first album off her listener supported label, shortly before making a cameo appearance in the award-winning box office smash Crazy Rich Asians and embarking on an international concert tour.Early life and career beginnings <mask> grew up in Mission Viejo, California. <mask> attended Viejo Elementary School, Newhart Middle School and, from 1999 to 2003, Capistrano Valley High School. <mask> enrolled at the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles in 2003. Two years later, staff members of the University's Thornton School of Music asked her to produce an album in their music and music industry departments. That album, Sincerely, Me., was released the same year. In 2007, she graduated summa cum laude in social science with an emphasis on psychology. While attending USC, she was inducted into academic society Phi Beta Kappa.Career In 2006, <mask> recorded and self-released two more albums, One More in the Attic and In Memory of the Singing Bridge. In early 2007, she recorded "Ours to Keep" written by Rachael Lawrence and Deborah Ellen. This song would be featured regularly on General Hospital and was in an episode of the ABC Family's mini-series Samurai Girl in September 2008. On November 14, 2007, she created her YouTube account and began posting videos of her songs online. Her first video, "Message from Your Heart", was entered into Doritos Crash the Super Bowl contest. Her progress in the competition was covered in The Orange County Register and The Wall Street Journal. and featured on FOX News Los Angeles, Good Day L.A. and Yahoo!.The contest, which she won, landed her a contract with Interscope Records. Her YouTube videos have received more than 99 million views and have propelled her to become one of YouTube's most popular personalities. <mask> planned to work with Interscope Records to produce a new album, but in January 2009, she announced that she was leaving the label to be an independent artist. On February 24, 2008, <mask> sang the national anthem for the Auto Club 500 NASCAR race in Fontana, California. In June 2009 her songs "Never Never" and "People" were used in episodes of MTV's reality series College Life. On January 13, 2010, <mask> was the headliner at a sold-out show at The Troubadour club in Los Angeles. Stairwells (2010) Stairwells was released on February 23, 2010, and included many original songs already appearing on YouTube, as well as three previously unreleased songs: "World in Front of Me", "In Your Arms", and "Mr. Sun".Stairwells debuted at No. 139 on the Billboard 200, No. 5 on the Billboard Top Internet Albums chart, No. 2 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart, and No. 18 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. The location of her release party for Stairwells, the Dakota Lounge in Santa Monica, was the subject of an article in the Orange Country Register because the venue enabled her to show her gratitude to her fans. On March 13, 2010, her single "Valentine" was played by Paul Gambaccini on BBC Radio 2, a popular radio station in the UK.The music video for "Valentine" directed by a young and talented viral video director Ross Ching has been viewed well over 21 million times on YouTube. <mask>' Stairwells Springtime Tour began in San Francisco on May 24, 2010, and concluded in late June after several stints on the East Coast and in Canada. Her Fall Tour began on September 17, 2010, and concluded on November 17, 2010. On July 10, 2010, she played at Lilith Fair in St. Louis, Missouri. In 2010, <mask> was featured as Judy in a miniseries by Wong Fu Productions entitled "Funemployed". In early 2011, <mask> was awarded the title of Sirius/XM CoffeeHouse's 2010 Singer-Songwriter Discovery of the Year after a months-long online voting period. Her song "Heart and Mind" was used for the German TV series Anna und die Liebe.On November 3, 2011, <mask> released a stop-motion music video for the single In Your Arms, using 288,000 Jelly Belly jelly beans. It took about 2 years to complete the project. The video accumulated over 1 million views within the first three days. It now has over 13 million views. World in Front of Me Tour (2011) In April 2011, <mask> launched her first world tour. She performed in the eastern regions of Canada and in the eastern and southern regions of the United States. She continued in May through the northwest region of North America which included stops in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Los Angeles.Shows in Europe and southeast Asia followed into the fall of 2011. In Your Arms Tour (2011) In late 2011 and into 2012, <mask> launched her In Your Arms Tour in Europe, Asia (Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong), Australia, and North America. In March 2013, <mask> gave a talk at TEDx Hollywood titled 'Finding Community Through the Internet'. Elements (2014) Elements was released on May 6, 2014, and was produced by Matt Hales (a.k.a. Aqualung). Starting in November 2013, <mask> began ramping up for the forthcoming album with the launch of "Kina Mondays", which promised a weekly video via Kina's YouTube channel. Nearly six months later, she continued to deliver on that promise and released a video for "The Fire", the first single from Elements.The song showcases acoustics and folk-driven vocals. The following week another album track was released via video with a stripped-down version of "My Own" featuring her sisters. "Dear River", an upbeat track, premiered on Glamour'''s "Obsessed Blog". Elements debuted at No. 48 on the Billboard 200, No. 4 on the Billboard Americana/Folk chart, and No. 7 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart.On its release day, Elements hit No. 2 on iTunes Singer Songwriter Chart, and No. 1 on iTunes Canada. <mask> announced that she would be celebrating the release of her sophomore studio album Elements with fans at a handful of intimate shows across North America, kicking off with a show at the Troubadour in Hollywood on May 6 – Elements release date. From there, she performed in San Francisco, New York City, Brooklyn, DC, Boston, Toronto, and Chicago. The select dates were the first time fans could hear Elements live and also served as her first official headline run since the spring of 2012. In late 2014 and 2015, <mask> launched her Elements tour in Europe and North America.She embarked on a tour of Southeast Asia, but was only able to play two shows before she and her band were detained by Indonesian authorities for having the wrong type of visas. <mask> and her crew were deported from the country after three months. Patreon <mask> joined Patreon, a site created by Jack Conte to provide artists a living via direct support, in April 2014. In April 2017, <mask> created a record label entirely composed of her patrons and began creating an album entirely funded by her supporters. On advice of these supporters, the record label was named KG Records. <mask> began recording, producing, and releasing songs from the upcoming album throughout 2017. In the Waiting (2018) Her first major release under KG Records was the album In The Waiting, on June 29, 2018.Collaborations <mask> has been a part of several Wong Fu Productions short films including The Last, as well as the series Funemployed and Single by 30. She has also appeared in other YouTube stars' videos. One of the bands <mask> has performed with in YouTube videos is Boyce Avenue. They have recorded many cover songs together such as Fast Car, originally by Tracy Chapman, and the song With or Without You by U2. She also collaborated with Ryan Higa, David Choi, and Jesse Epstein to create a comedic song and music video, titled "Millennial Love". Personal life <mask> has two sisters, Misa and Emi, both of whom have occasionally been featured in her video blogs, as well as accompanying her at concerts and on tour. Her father, Gordon, is a chiropractor, and her mother, Trish, is a graphic designer.On August 31, 2013, <mask> married frequent musical collaborator Jesse Epstein in a small ceremony in Los Angeles, California, after they had dated for 11 years. They met while attending Capistrano Valley High School in 2002; Jesse was in the grade below Kina. <mask> used footage from her wedding to create the music video she released for her song "My Dear". In June 2021, after years of struggling with infertility, <mask> announced that she and her husband were expecting a daughter. On September 14, 2015, <mask> and her band left Los Angeles heading to Jakarta, Indonesia. It would have been the first concert in a tour of Southeast Asia. Due to complications with her work visa, she was detained for 100 days in the country.During this time she was told to not talk about her struggles or create any YouTube videos. While waiting each day for an update she was able to write two songs, California and For Now. Philanthropy An avid supporter of cancer research, <mask> has performed at several Southern California Relay For Life functions over the years. In late 2007, she contributed her music to the Band Together: To Fight Measles benefit album. In October 2008, she participated in the Nike Women's Marathon in San Francisco to support the Leukemia Lymphoma Society in honor of her mother, raising $6,000 for the organization. In 2009, the philanthropic organization Sister to Sisters adopted her song Message from Your Heart.In 2011, <mask> contributed her song Message from Your Heart to a benefit album released as part of a broader relief effort for the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. In 2012, she launched a charity project called Run Team Kina dedicated to the promotion of personal health and wellness and to raise money for the Leukemia Lymphoma Society.In 2012, Run Team Kina raised $71,886 for The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. DiscographySincerely, Me.One More in the AtticIn Memory of the Singing BridgeStairwellsElementsIn the WaitingIt's Hard To Be HumanSongs in other media Television appearances Good Day, LA (KTTV, Los Angeles) – February 5, 2008 NASCAR California 500 (Fox, National) – February 24, 2008 The Early Show (CBS, National) – June 19, 2010 San Diego Living (XETV, San Diego) – September 14, 2010 The Morning Show (WJXT, Jacksonville) – October 6, 2010 Good Day (WOFL, Orlando) – October 8, 2010 Featured in "Nice Guys" Music Video with Chester See, NigaHiga, and KevJumba – May 31, 2011 Taratata (France 2, Paris – France) – November 9, 2011 Ellen (Syndicated, National) – November 15, 2011 E! News (E!, National)- November 22, 2011 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC, National)- January 12, 2012 Channel News Asia AM LIVE! ( Singapore ) – March 20, 2012 The Real L Word (uncredited) (Showtime) – September 6, 2012 Web Series appearances Single by 30 as Joanna Taylor (YouTube Red Original Series) – (August 24, 2016 – October 4, 2016) Film appearances Crazy Rich Asians'' as herself – August 15, 2018 Awards and nominations References External links Official site 1985 births Living people 21st-century American women guitarists 21st-century American guitarists 21st-century American women singers American women pop singers American women singer-songwriters American musicians of Japanese descent American pop guitarists American YouTubers Interscope Records artists Musicians from Orange County, California People from Mission Viejo, California Guitarists from California Singer-songwriters from California University of Southern California alumni 21st-century American singers

<mask> was born on August 4, 1985 in Japan. She was the winner of the 2008 Doritos Crash the Super Bowl contest, earning a recording contract with Interscope Records and having her music video played during the commercials of the Super Bowl. In 2010, <mask> released her album Stairwells and the music video for "In Your Arms", leading to appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. Shortly before her album Elements was released, <mask> joined the crowdsource funding platform Patreon. <mask> was held in Indonesia for a hundred days while touring in support of Elements. A starring role in Single by 30 was the culmination of a long time collaboration with Wong Fu. In the Waiting, the first album off her listener supported label, was released in the summer of 2018, shortly before she appeared in Crazy Rich Asians and embarked on an international concert tour.<mask> grew up in Mission Viejo, California. From 1999 to 2003 <mask> attended Capistrano Valley High School. The University of Southern California has a campus in Los Angeles. The University's Thornton School of Music asked her to produce an album two years later. Sincerely, Me. was released in the same year. She graduated summa cum laude with an emphasis on psychology. She was a member of the academic society at USC.<mask> self-released two more albums, One More in the Attic and In Memory of the Singing Bridge. She recorded "Ours to Keep" in early 2007. This song was used in an episode of the ABC Family's mini-series Samurai Girl in September 2008. She started posting videos of her songs on her website on November 14, 2007. Her first video, "Message from Your Heart", was entered into a contest. The Wall Street Journal and The Orange County Register covered her progress in the competition. On Good Day L.A., and on FOX News Los Angeles.Interscope Records signed her after she won the contest. Her videos have received more than 99 million views and have propelled her to become one of the most popular people on the internet. In January 2009, she announced that she was leaving Interscope to be an independent artist, despite the fact that she was going to work with them on a new album. The national anthem was sung by <mask> at the Auto Club 500 NASCAR race in Fontana, California. In June of 2009, her songs "Never Never" and "People" were used in College Life. <mask> played a sold-out show at The Troubadour club in Los Angeles on January 13, 2010. "World in Front of Me", "In Your Arms", and "Mr. Sun" are three previously undiscovered songs from Stairwells, which was released on February 23, 2010.Stairwells was at the top. There is a song on the billboard 200. 5 on the internet album chart. 2 on the heatseekers chart. 18 on the Independent Albums chart. The Dakota Lounge in Santa Monica was the subject of an article in the Orange Country Register because it allowed her to show her gratitude to her fans. On March 13, 2010, her single "Valentine" was played by Paul Gambaccini on the popular radio station in the UK.The music video for "Valentine" was directed by a young and talented viral video director and has been viewed over 21 million times. The Stairwells Springtime Tour began in San Francisco on May 24, 2010, and ended in June after stops on the East Coast and in Canada. Her Fall Tour ended on November 17, 2010. She played at Lilith Fair on July 10, 2010. <mask> played Judy in a Wong Fu Production entitled "Funemployed" in 2010. <mask> was the winner of the 2010 Singer-Songwriter Discovery of the Year after a months-long online voting period. Her song "Heart and Mind" was used in a German TV show.The music video for In Your Arms was released on November 3, 2011. The project took 2 years to complete. Within the first three days, the video had over 1 million views. It has over 13 million views. The World in Front of Me Tour was launched in 2011. She performed in the eastern regions of Canada and the eastern and southern regions of the United States. She made stops in British Columbia and Los Angeles in May.The fall of 2011 saw shows in Europe and southeast Asia. In Your Arms Tour was launched in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. <mask> gave a talk about finding community through the internet. Elements was released on May 6, 2014, and was produced by Matt Hales. Aqualung. The launch of "Kina Mondays", which promised a weekly video via Kina's YouTube channel, began in November of 2013. She released a video for "The Fire", the first single from Elements, nearly six months later.acoustics and folk-driven vocals are showcased in the song. A stripped-down version of "My Own" was released via video with her sisters. The track "Dear River" was released on the "Obsessed Blog". Elements was the first to debut. 48 is on the billboard 200. 4 on the Americana/Folk chart. There are 7 albums on the chart.Elements hit the top spot on its release day. 2 on the chart. There is a song on iTunes Canada. The release of her sophomore studio album Elements will be celebrated with fans at a number of intimate shows across North America, kicking off with a show at the Troubadour in Hollywood on May 6. She performed in San Francisco, New York City, Brooklyn, DC, Boston, Toronto, and Chicago. Elements' first official headline run since the spring of 2012 took place on the select dates, which were the first time fans could hear her live. The Elements tour was launched in Europe and North America.She embarked on a tour of Southeast Asia, but was only able to play two shows before she and her band were arrested for having the wrong type of visas. <mask> and her crew were deported after three months. Jack Conte created the site to provide artists with a living via direct support. <mask> started creating an album entirely funded by her supporters in April of last year. The record label was named after these supporters. The album was recorded, produced, and released throughout the year. The album In The Waiting was her first major release.The Last, as well as the series Funemployed and Single by 30 were all Wong Fu productions. She has appeared in other videos. One of the bands <mask> has performed with is Boyce Avenue. Fast Car, originally written by Tracy Chapman, is one of the cover songs they have recorded. She collaborated with Ryan Higa and others to create a song and music video called "Millennial Love". <mask> has two sisters, Misa and Emi, who have occasionally been featured in her video blogs, as well as accompanying her at concerts and on tour. Her parents are a graphic designer and a Chiropractor.<mask> married Jesse Epstein in a small ceremony in Los Angeles, California, after they had dated for 11 years. <mask> and Jesse met at Capistrano Valley High School. The music video she released for her song "My Dear" was created using footage from her wedding. <mask> and her husband were expecting a daughter in June of 2021. On September 14, 2015, <mask> and her band left Los Angeles for Jakarta, Indonesia. It would have been the first concert in Southeast Asia. She was held in the country for 100 days because of her work visa issues.She was told not to talk about her struggles or make any videos. She was able to write two songs while waiting for an update. <mask> is an avid supporter of cancer research and has performed at several Relay For Life functions. She contributed music to the Band Together: To Fight Measles benefit album. In honor of her mother, she participated in the Nike Women's Marathon in San Francisco in October 2008, raising $6,000 for the Leukemia Lymphoma Society. In 2009, the philanthropic organization Sister to Sisters adopted her song Message from Your Heart. In 2011, <mask> contributed her song Message from Your Heart to a benefit album released as part of a broader relief effort for the Thoku earthquake and tsunami. She launched a charity project called Run Team Kina in 2012 to raise money for the Leukemia Lymphoma Society.Run Team Kina raised over $70,000 in 2012 for The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. There is more in the attic, in memory of the singing bridge, and in the waiting, it's hard to be human. News (E!, National)- November 22, 2011. January 12, 2012 Channel News Asia AM LIVE! The Real L Word (uncredited) was on TV from March 20, 2012 to September 6, 2012 and Single by 30 was on TV from August 24, 2016 to October 4, 2016

326334

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Uro%C5%A1%20I

Stefan Uroš I

Stefan Uroš I (; 1223 – May 1, 1277), known as Uroš the Great (Урош Велики) was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother Stefan Vladislav. He was one of the most important rulers in Serbian history. Early life Stefan Uroš was the youngest son of Stefan the First-Crowned and Anna, the granddaughter of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice. He had two older half-brothers, on his father's side, kings Stefan Radoslav and Stefan Vladislav. Scholars have argued that Bulgarian influence had been strong and unpopular, causing opposition that led to Vladislav's deposition after the death of Asen. The revolting nobility had chosen Uroš as their candidate for king; from 1242 to spring 1243, a war for the throne was fought, which ended with Vladislav being forced to give up the crown in favour of Uroš. It seems that Uroš captured Vladislav. The main resistance against Uroš was led by Vladislav's wife, Beloslava. The hostilities did not last long. Uroš was courteous towards Vladislav, gave him the administration of Zeta. Administration At 25 years of age, very young, he took the throne from his brother Vladislav, and despite not having support from in-laws as was the case with his brothers, he immediately ruled energetic and determined. Prior to his accession, the land had been looted by the Tatars and there were widespread internal conflicts; Uroš managed in a short time to resolve all important issues in the state and in its foreign policy. The situation in Europe and in the Balkans were quite favorable for Serbia, which he very cleverly used for his benefit. During his reign Serbia significantly strengthened itself and progressed in every way. Uroš correctly determined the direction in political pretensions through penetrating the south in Macedonia and conflict with Hungary in Podunavlje. The land was politically and militarily prepared for serious politics and definitive fortification of Serbia and the Serb people in the Vardar valley and the middle Podunavlje. Apart from this, Uroš also correctly determined the direction of Serbian trade politics, as he on several occasions in his fight against the Republic of Ragusa wanted to eliminate Ragusan brokerage and exploitation in his state. Particular significance in his domestic politics is that he strongly stressed the state principle above all else, and subordinated the churches (both Orthodox and Catholic) to state interests. He was instrumental in the definite solution to the conflict between the archbishoprics of Bar and Dubrovnik regarding power in Serbia, resolved in favour of Bar. Uroš was the first to begin exploiting the mines, which would later become one of the main sources of material wealth and power of the Serbian state in the Middle Ages. As a first result of the opening of mines came the forging of Serbian coins, which he first minted on the Venetian model. He protected and assisted literature and writers; i.e. gave impetus to the preparation of a new, more comprehensive and ornate biography of his grandfather Nemanja, whom he fully modeled himself after. Married to Helen of the French royal family, he lived a modest patriarchal life, happy and content within his family, and he in contrast to the splendor of the Byzantine court, proudly emphasized modesty to the Byzantine deputies, which dominated at his court, where everyone had to work. In foreign policy Uroš skillfully used to his advantage the conflict between the Despotate of Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea, two Greek states, both of which sought to inherit the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople from the Latin Empire. But when the Latin Empire fell, and Emperor Michael Palaiologos of Nicaea took Constantinople, Uroš began to coalite with his wife's cousin, Charles of Anjou, who wanted to recapture Constantinople, and through that alliance take as much Byzantine land as possible. Via Charles, who had family ties with the Hungarian kings, Uroš at the end of his reign also approached Hungary, with whom he long had been in a bad relation with, and married his eldest son and heir, Stefan Dragutin, to Catherine, the daughter of Hungarian King Stephen V. Pushed by his in-laws, with the help of the army he received from Hungary, Dragutin, unhappy with not getting more participation in the government, revolted and defeated his father and took over the throne. Uroš retired with his loyals to Hum, where, disappointed, dissatisfied and angry, he died soon thereafter. Economic development Mining Under Stefan Uroš I, Serbia became a significant power in the Balkans, partly due to economic development through opening of mines. The mines were developed by the "Sasi" (Saxons), who were experienced in the extracting of ore. Their settlements, located by the mines, had privileged status – they lived under their own laws and were allowed to adhere to Catholicism and build their churches. Important mines were located at Novo Brdo, Brskovo and Rudnik. Trade Economic prosperity was also fostered by the related intensification of trade with the Dalmatian cities of Dubrovnik and Kotor. The increase in the mining of silver and in trade naturally led to the introduction of larger quantities of royal coinage, modeled after the Venetian standard. Military operations War with Ragusa In 1252–1253, Uroš I was at war with the Republic of Ragusa, which bordered the Hum, which was held by his kinsman Radoslav Andrijić. Radoslav swore to fight Ragusa as long as it was in conflict with Serbia, at the same time boasting relations with Béla IV of Hungary. Ragusa took up an alliance with Bulgaria. Peace was ensured in a charter dated May 22, 1254, and the crisis ended. During the second half of the 1260s a new war broke out with Ragusa, which was secretly favored by the Serbian queen. A treaty was signed in 1268, specifying the amount of protection money that Dubrovnik was expected to supply annually to the Serbian king. The arrangement remained largely unbroken for the next century. War with Hungary In 1268 the Serbian king invaded the Hungarian possessions south of the Danube in Mačva, what is now western central Serbia. In spite of some initial success, Stefan Uroš was captured by the Hungarians and forced to purchase his release. A peace treaty was signed between the two kingdoms, and Stefan Uroš's son Stefan Dragutin of Serbia was married to Catherine, the daughter of the future king Stephen V of Hungary. Conflict with Dragutin By the end of his reign, Stefan Uroš apparently succeeded in suppressing the autonomy of Zahumlje, where the local princes became virtually indistinguishable from the rest of the nobility. In his effort to achieve centralization, the king appears to have alienated his eldest son by refusing to grant him an appanage. The conflict between father and son exacerbated, and the king apparently considered making his younger son, the future Stefan Milutin, his heir. Worried about the inheritance and his very life, Stefan Dragutin finally demanded the throne in 1276. When Stefan Uroš refused, Dragutin rebelled and received help from his Hungarian relatives. The allies defeated the Serbian king and Stefan Uroš was forced to abdicate and retire to an unidentified monastery in Hum where he died a year or two later. His remains were later moved to his monastic foundation of Sopoćani. Endowments Family By his wife Helen, who was either an Angevin princess or a daughter of the Latin Emperor of Constantinople, Stefan Uroš I had at least three sons: Stefan Dragutin, who succeeded as king Stefan Milutin, who succeeded as king in 1282 Brnjača, a daughter Annotations References Sources External links 13th-century Serbian monarchs Eastern Orthodox monarchs 1277 deaths Year of birth unknown 1223 births Economy of Serbia in the Middle Ages Mining in Serbia Nemanjić dynasty People of the Kingdom of Serbia (medieval) Monarchs who abdicated Burials at Sopoćani

<mask> (; 1223 – May 1, 1277), known as <mask> the Great (Урош Велики) was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother <mask>. He was one of the most important rulers in Serbian history. Early life <mask> was the youngest son of <mask> the First-Crowned and Anna, the granddaughter of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice. He had two older half-brothers, on his father's side, kings <mask> and <mask>. Scholars have argued that Bulgarian influence had been strong and unpopular, causing opposition that led to Vladislav's deposition after the death of Asen. The revolting nobility had chosen <mask> as their candidate for king; from 1242 to spring 1243, a war for the throne was fought, which ended with Vladislav being forced to give up the crown in favour of <mask>. It seems that <mask> captured Vladislav.The main resistance against <mask> was led by Vladislav's wife, Beloslava. The hostilities did not last long. <mask> was courteous towards Vladislav, gave him the administration of Zeta. Administration At 25 years of age, very young, he took the throne from his brother Vladislav, and despite not having support from in-laws as was the case with his brothers, he immediately ruled energetic and determined. Prior to his accession, the land had been looted by the Tatars and there were widespread internal conflicts; <mask> managed in a short time to resolve all important issues in the state and in its foreign policy. The situation in Europe and in the Balkans were quite favorable for Serbia, which he very cleverly used for his benefit. During his reign Serbia significantly strengthened itself and progressed in every way.<mask> correctly determined the direction in political pretensions through penetrating the south in Macedonia and conflict with Hungary in Podunavlje. The land was politically and militarily prepared for serious politics and definitive fortification of Serbia and the Serb people in the Vardar valley and the middle Podunavlje. Apart from this, <mask> also correctly determined the direction of Serbian trade politics, as he on several occasions in his fight against the Republic of Ragusa wanted to eliminate Ragusan brokerage and exploitation in his state. Particular significance in his domestic politics is that he strongly stressed the state principle above all else, and subordinated the churches (both Orthodox and Catholic) to state interests. He was instrumental in the definite solution to the conflict between the archbishoprics of Bar and Dubrovnik regarding power in Serbia, resolved in favour of Bar. <mask> was the first to begin exploiting the mines, which would later become one of the main sources of material wealth and power of the Serbian state in the Middle Ages. As a first result of the opening of mines came the forging of Serbian coins, which he first minted on the Venetian model.He protected and assisted literature and writers; i.e. gave impetus to the preparation of a new, more comprehensive and ornate biography of his grandfather Nemanja, whom he fully modeled himself after. Married to Helen of the French royal family, he lived a modest patriarchal life, happy and content within his family, and he in contrast to the splendor of the Byzantine court, proudly emphasized modesty to the Byzantine deputies, which dominated at his court, where everyone had to work. In foreign policy <mask> skillfully used to his advantage the conflict between the Despotate of Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea, two Greek states, both of which sought to inherit the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople from the Latin Empire. But when the Latin Empire fell, and Emperor Michael Palaiologos of Nicaea took Constantinople, <mask> began to coalite with his wife's cousin, Charles of Anjou, who wanted to recapture Constantinople, and through that alliance take as much Byzantine land as possible. Via Charles, who had family ties with the Hungarian kings, <mask> at the end of his reign also approached Hungary, with whom he long had been in a bad relation with, and married his eldest son and heir, <mask>, to Catherine, the daughter of Hungarian King Stephen V. Pushed by his in-laws, with the help of the army he received from Hungary, Dragutin, unhappy with not getting more participation in the government, revolted and defeated his father and took over the throne. <mask> retired with his loyals to Hum, where, disappointed, dissatisfied and angry, he died soon thereafter.Economic development Mining Under <mask> I, Serbia became a significant power in the Balkans, partly due to economic development through opening of mines. The mines were developed by the "Sasi" (Saxons), who were experienced in the extracting of ore. Their settlements, located by the mines, had privileged status – they lived under their own laws and were allowed to adhere to Catholicism and build their churches. Important mines were located at Novo Brdo, Brskovo and Rudnik. Trade Economic prosperity was also fostered by the related intensification of trade with the Dalmatian cities of Dubrovnik and Kotor. The increase in the mining of silver and in trade naturally led to the introduction of larger quantities of royal coinage, modeled after the Venetian standard. Military operations War with Ragusa In 1252–1253, <mask> <mask> was at war with the Republic of Ragusa, which bordered the Hum, which was held by his kinsman Radoslav Andrijić. Radoslav swore to fight Ragusa as long as it was in conflict with Serbia, at the same time boasting relations with Béla IV of Hungary.Ragusa took up an alliance with Bulgaria. Peace was ensured in a charter dated May 22, 1254, and the crisis ended. During the second half of the 1260s a new war broke out with Ragusa, which was secretly favored by the Serbian queen. A treaty was signed in 1268, specifying the amount of protection money that Dubrovnik was expected to supply annually to the Serbian king. The arrangement remained largely unbroken for the next century. War with Hungary In 1268 the Serbian king invaded the Hungarian possessions south of the Danube in Mačva, what is now western central Serbia. In spite of some initial success, <mask> was captured by the Hungarians and forced to purchase his release.A peace treaty was signed between the two kingdoms, and <mask>'s son <mask> of Serbia was married to Catherine, the daughter of the future king Stephen V of Hungary. Conflict with Dragutin By the end of his reign, <mask> apparently succeeded in suppressing the autonomy of Zahumlje, where the local princes became virtually indistinguishable from the rest of the nobility. In his effort to achieve centralization, the king appears to have alienated his eldest son by refusing to grant him an appanage. The conflict between father and son exacerbated, and the king apparently considered making his younger son, the future <mask>, his heir. Worried about the inheritance and his very life, <mask> finally demanded the throne in 1276. When <mask> refused, Dragutin rebelled and received help from his Hungarian relatives. The allies defeated the Serbian king and <mask> was forced to abdicate and retire to an unidentified monastery in Hum where he died a year or two later.His remains were later moved to his monastic foundation of Sopoćani. Endowments Family By his wife Helen, who was either an Angevin princess or a daughter of the Latin Emperor of Constantinople, <mask> I had at least three sons: <mask>, who succeeded as king <mask>, who succeeded as king in 1282 Brnjača, a daughter Annotations References Sources External links 13th-century Serbian monarchs Eastern Orthodox monarchs 1277 deaths Year of birth unknown 1223 births Economy of Serbia in the Middle Ages Mining in Serbia Nemanjić dynasty People of the Kingdom of Serbia (medieval) Monarchs who abdicated Burials at Sopoćani

The King of Serbia, known as Uro the Great, was named after his brother. He was one of the most important rulers in Serbian history. Anna was the granddaughter of the Doge of Venice and the youngest son of the First-Crowned. He had two half-brothers on his father's side. After the death of Asen, scholars argued that the influence of Bulgaria had been unpopular. The nobility revolted and chose Uro as their candidate for king, but the war for the throne ended in favor of Uro. It seems that Uro captured him.The wife of a man led the main resistance against Uro. The hostilities did not last long. Uro gave the administration of Zeta to Vladislav. At 25 years of age, very young, he took the throne from his brother, and despite not having support from in-laws as was the case with his brothers, he immediately ruled energetic and determined. Prior to Uro's accession, the land had been taken by the Tatars and there were widespread internal conflicts. Uro was able to resolve all important issues in a short time. He used the situation in Europe and the Balkans to his advantage. Serbia progressed in every way during his reign.The direction in political pretensions was determined by Uro through penetrating the south in Macedonia and the conflict with Hungary. Serbia and the Serb people in the middle Podunavlje and the Vardar valley were prepared for serious politics. The direction of Serbian trade politics was determined by Uro, who on several occasions in his fight against the Republic of Ragusa wanted to eliminate Ragusan brokerage and exploitation. He subordinated the churches to state interests because he stressed the state principle above all else. The conflict between the archbishoprics of Bar and Dubrovnik regarding power in Serbia was solved by him. One of the main sources of material wealth and power of the Serbian state in the Middle Ages were the mines, which Uro was the first to exploit. The opening of mines resulted in the forging of Serbian coins, which he first made on the Venetian model.He helped writers and protected literature. The preparation of a new, more comprehensive and ornate biography of his grandfather was inspired by him. He was married to Helen of the French royal family and lived a modest patriarchal life, happy and content within his family, and he proudly emphasized modesty to the Byzantine deputies, who dominated at his court, where everyone had to work. Uro used the conflict between the Despotate of Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea to his advantage to take Constantinople from the Latin Empire. After the fall of the Latin Empire, Uro and his cousin, Charles of Anjou, formed an alliance to take as much Byzantine land as possible. Via Charles, who had family ties with the Hungarian kings, Uro at the end of his reign also approached Hungary, with whom he long had been in a bad relation with, and married his eldest son and heir, <mask>, to Catherine, the daughter of Hungarian King Stephen Uro died soon after retiring with his loyals to Hum.Serbia became a significant power in the Balkans due to economic development through opening of mines. The settlements located by the mines were allowed to build their churches and lived under their own laws. Three important mines were located at Rudnik. Increased trade with the Dalmatian cities of Dubrovnik and Kotor fostered trade economic prosperity. The introduction of larger quantities of royal coinage was the result of the increase in the mining and trade of silver. Uro <mask> was at war with the Republic of Ragusa, which was held by his kinsman. As long as Ragusa was in conflict with Serbia, he swore to fight it.Ragusa formed an alliance with Bulgaria. The crisis ended thanks to a charter dated May 22, 1254. Ragusa was favored by the Serbian queen during the second half of the 1260s. In 1268, a treaty was signed specifying the amount of protection money that Dubrovnik was expected to give annually to the Serbian king. The arrangement was largely unchanged for the next century. The Serbian king invaded the Hungarian possessions south of the Danube in Mava in 1268. <mask> was captured by the Hungarians and forced to purchase his release despite some initial success.A peace treaty was signed between the two kingdoms and the future king of Hungary's daughter was married to a Serbian man. The local princes became almost indistinguishable from the rest of the nobility, as a result of the conflict with Dragutin. The king seems to have lost touch with his oldest son because he refused to grant him an appanage. The king considered making his son the heir to the throne because of the conflict between father and son. In 1276, Dragutin demanded the throne because he was worried about his inheritance. Dragutin received help from his Hungarian relatives when he rebelled against Uro. After the Serbian king was defeated by the allies, he was forced to retire to a monastery and died a year or two later.His remains were moved to the Sopoani monastery. His wife Helen was either an Angevin princess or a daughter of the Latin Emperor of Constantinople and he had at least three sons.

18148017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Mackenzie%2C%202nd%20Earl%20of%20Seaforth

George Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Seaforth

George Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Seaforth (died 1651) was a Highland clan chief and Scottish nobleman, who played an equivocating role in Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Origins Mackenzie was the son of Kenneth Mackenzie, 1st Lord Mackenzie of Kintail (died 1611), and Isobel, the daughter of Sir Gilbert Ogilvie of Powrie. The Mackenzies were a clan from Ross-shire that had risen to prominence in the 15th century during the disintegration of the Lordship of the Isles. On the death in 1633 of his elder half-brother Colin without male heirs, Mackenzie inherited his estates and the title of Earl of Seaforth. Prior to that point, he was known as George Mackenzie of Kildun. Estates As a result of the acquisitive proclivities of Seaforth's ancestors, his estates were very extensive. In 1633 he was "served heir male to his brother … in the lands and barony of Ellandonnan, including the barony of Lochalsh, in which was included the barony of the lands and towns of Lochcarron, namely, the towns and lands of Auchnaschelloch, Coullin (Coulin), Edderancharron, Attadill, Ruychichan, Brecklach, Achachoull, Dalmartyne, with fishings in salt water and fresh, Dalcharlarie, Arrinachteg (Arineckaig), Achintie, Slumba (Slumbay), Doune, Stromcarronach (Strome Carronach), in the Earldom of Ross, of the old extent of £13 6s 8d, and also the towns of Kisserin, and lands of Strome, with fishings in salt and fresh water, and the towns and lands of Torridan with the pertinents of the Castle of Strome; Lochalsh, Lochcarron, and Kisserin, including the davach of Achvanie, the davach of Achnatrait (Achintraid?), the davach of Stromcastell, Ardnagald, Ardneskan, and Blaad, and the half davach of Sannachan (Sanachan), Rassoll (Rassal), Meikle Strome, and Rerag (Reraig), in the Earldom of Ross, together of the old extent of £8 13s 4d." He was served heir male to his father Kenneth, Lord Mackenzie of Kintail, in the lands and barony of Pluscardine, on 14 January 1620; and had charters of Balmungie and Avoch, on 18 July 1635; of Raasay, on 18 February 1637 and of Lochalsh, on 4 July 1642. Civil War In the Bishops War, Seaforth, although personally attached to the king, was to be found on the side of the Covenant. He was appointed General of the Covenanters north of the Spey, but disbanded his army on Montrose's instructions following the Pacification of Berwick, which concluded on 18 June 1639. When Montrose joined the king's side, Seaforth too was suspected of lukewarmness for the Covenant. In 1640, he was temporarily imprisoned as a precautionary measure and in 1641, when the King arrived in Scotland, Seaforth was persuaded by the Earl of Traquair to enter into a bond with the Earls of Montrose, Wigtown, Atholl and Home against the Covenanters. However, he continued to equivocate, declining the king's offer of chief justice general of the Isles and taking up arms against Montrose after his victory at Aberdeen in September 1644. Montrose (with an army of only 1,500) was preparing to attack his forces of about 5,000, when he was informed of Argyll's descent on Lochaber. Changing his route, Montrose won a famous victory at Inverlochy against Argyll on 2 February 1645. Following this victory, Seaforth met Montrose between Elgin and Forres and was held prisoner for several days, but was subsequently released, having apparently sworn allegiance to the King and having promised never again under any circumstances to take up arms against him. Notwithstanding this promise, he shortly afterwards joined Sir John Hurry the Covenanting general. On 9 May 1645 he took part in the Battle of Auldearn, which was fought between Hurry's army of Sutherlands, Mackenzies, Frasers, Roses and Brodies and Montrose's army of Gordons, Macdonalds, Macphersons, Mackintoshes and Irish. The result was another victory for Montrose, but the Mackenzies emerged largely unscathed. The Reverend John Macrae (d. 1704) gave a lengthy account of the battle (in the Ardintoul manuscript) which suggested that there had been deliberate collusion between Montrose, Hurry and Seaforth. Be that as it may, Seaforth subsequently refused a commission from the Committee of Estates appointing him as their Lieutenant north of the Spey and was excommunicated by the General Assembly. He then joined Montrose publicly at the siege of Inverness in April 1646. Clan affairs After Montrose's departure for Norway in September 1646, compulsory loans were levied against leading Royalists. Sixteen Mackenzies were ordered to provide loans totaling £28,666 (Scottish), but it appears that the authorities experienced great difficulties in enforcing their payment. The list provides an interesting snapshot of the perceived resources of some of the leading clan members of the time: Thomas Mackenzie of Pluscarden: £2,000; Alexander Mackenzie of Kilcoy: £2,000; Roderick Mackenzie of Redcastle: £2,000; Alexander Mackenzie of Coul: £6,000; Kenneth Mackenzie of Gairloch: £3,333 6s.8d; Hector Mackenzie of Scotsburn: £2,000; Roderick Mackenzie of Davochmaluag: £1,333 6s.8d; John Mackenzie of Davach-Cairn: £1,333 6s.8d; William Mackenzie of Multavie: £1,000; Kenneth Mackenzie of Scatwell: £2,000; Thomas Mackenzie of Inverlael: £1,333 6s.8d; Colin Mackenzie of Mullochie: £666 13s.4d; Donald Mackenzie of Logie: £666 13s.4d; Kenneth Mackenzie of Assynt: £1,000; Colin Mackenzie of Kincraig: £1,000; Alexander Mackenzie of Suddie: £1,000. Seaforth's involvement in public affairs did not prevent him from pursuing (in the manner of his forebears) his own more personal concerns. In particular, he embarked on a remorseless campaign to wrest Assynt from the Macleods, laying siege to the castle of Donald Ban Mor Macleod on the Isle of Assynt in May 1646. His men were said (in a later complaint by the Macleods) to have carried away 3,000 cows, 2,000 horses and 7,000 sheep and goats, as well as burning the habitations of 180 families. Final years In 1648 Seaforth again raised a body of 4000 men in the Western Islands and Ross-shire, whom he led south, to aid the King's cause, but after joining in a few skirmishes under Lanark, they returned home to "cut their corn which was now ready for their sickles." During the whole of this period Seaforth's fidelity to the Royal cause was open to considerable suspicion, and when Charles I threw himself into the hands of the Scots at Newark, and ordered Montrose to disband his forces, Earl George, always trying to be on the winning side, came in to Middleton, and made terms with the Committee of Estates; but the Church, by whom he had previously been excommunicated, continued implacable, and would only agree to be satisfied by a public penance in sackcloth within the High Church of Edinburgh. The proud Earl consented, underwent this ignominious and degrading ceremonial, and his sentence of excommunication was then removed. Notwithstanding this public humiliation, after the death of Charles I, Seaforth, in a final act of tergiversation, went over to Holland in 1649, and joined Charles II, by whom he was made Principal Secretary of State for Scotland, the duties of which, however, he never had the opportunity of performing. Death and posterity When Seaforth received the news of the disastrous defeat of the king's forces at Worcester, he fell into a profound melancholy and died in August 1651, in Schiedam, Holland. Early in life, he had married Barbara, daughter of Arthur, Lord Forbes, and had by her at least eight children, including his heir and successor, Kenneth. Of his three daughters, Jean married first John, Earl of Mar, and secondly Andrew Fraser, 3rd Lord Fraser; Margaret married Sir William Sinclair of Mey; and Barbara married Sir John Urquhart of Cromarty. References Stephen Manganiello, The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of Scotland (Scarecrow Press, 2004) This article includes text from Alexander Mackenzie's History of the Mackenzies (Inverness, 1894), which is no longer in copyright. Line of Chiefs 1651 deaths George History of the Scottish Highlands Scottish politicians Covenanters Scottish generals Earls of Seaforth Year of birth unknown Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1639–1641

<mask>, 2nd Earl of Seaforth (died 1651) was a Highland clan chief and Scottish nobleman, who played an equivocating role in Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Origins Mackenzie was the son of Kenneth Mackenzie, 1st Lord Mackenzie of Kintail (died 1611), and Isobel, the daughter of Sir Gilbert Ogilvie of Powrie. The Mackenzies were a clan from Ross-shire that had risen to prominence in the 15th century during the disintegration of the Lordship of the Isles. On the death in 1633 of his elder half-brother Colin without male heirs, Mackenzie inherited his estates and the title of Earl of Seaforth. Prior to that point, he was known as <mask> of Kildun. Estates As a result of the acquisitive proclivities of Seaforth's ancestors, his estates were very extensive. In 1633 he was "served heir male to his brother … in the lands and barony of Ellandonnan, including the barony of Lochalsh, in which was included the barony of the lands and towns of Lochcarron, namely, the towns and lands of Auchnaschelloch, Coullin (Coulin), Edderancharron, Attadill, Ruychichan, Brecklach, Achachoull, Dalmartyne, with fishings in salt water and fresh, Dalcharlarie, Arrinachteg (Arineckaig), Achintie, Slumba (Slumbay), Doune, Stromcarronach (Strome Carronach), in the Earldom of Ross, of the old extent of £13 6s 8d, and also the towns of Kisserin, and lands of Strome, with fishings in salt and fresh water, and the towns and lands of Torridan with the pertinents of the Castle of Strome; Lochalsh, Lochcarron, and Kisserin, including the davach of Achvanie, the davach of Achnatrait (Achintraid?), the davach of Stromcastell, Ardnagald, Ardneskan, and Blaad, and the half davach of Sannachan (Sanachan), Rassoll (Rassal), Meikle Strome, and Rerag (Reraig), in the Earldom of Ross, together of the old extent of £8 13s 4d." He was served heir male to his father Kenneth, Lord Mackenzie of Kintail, in the lands and barony of Pluscardine, on 14 January 1620; and had charters of Balmungie and Avoch, on 18 July 1635; of Raasay, on 18 February 1637 and of Lochalsh, on 4 July 1642. Civil War In the Bishops War, <mask>, although personally attached to the king, was to be found on the side of the Covenant. He was appointed General of the Covenanters north of the Spey, but disbanded his army on Montrose's instructions following the Pacification of Berwick, which concluded on 18 June 1639. When Montrose joined the king's side, <mask> too was suspected of lukewarmness for the Covenant. In 1640, he was temporarily imprisoned as a precautionary measure and in 1641, when the King arrived in Scotland, <mask> was persuaded by the Earl of Traquair to enter into a bond with the Earls of Montrose, Wigtown, Atholl and Home against the Covenanters. However, he continued to equivocate, declining the king's offer of chief justice general of the Isles and taking up arms against Montrose after his victory at Aberdeen in September 1644.Montrose (with an army of only 1,500) was preparing to attack his forces of about 5,000, when he was informed of Argyll's descent on Lochaber. Changing his route, Montrose won a famous victory at Inverlochy against Argyll on 2 February 1645. Following this victory, <mask> met Montrose between Elgin and Forres and was held prisoner for several days, but was subsequently released, having apparently sworn allegiance to the King and having promised never again under any circumstances to take up arms against him. Notwithstanding this promise, he shortly afterwards joined Sir John Hurry the Covenanting general. On 9 May 1645 he took part in the Battle of Auldearn, which was fought between Hurry's army of Sutherlands, Mackenzies, Frasers, Roses and Brodies and Montrose's army of Gordons, Macdonalds, Macphersons, Mackintoshes and Irish. The result was another victory for Montrose, but the Mackenzies emerged largely unscathed. The Reverend John Macrae (d. 1704) gave a lengthy account of the battle (in the Ardintoul manuscript) which suggested that there had been deliberate collusion between Montrose, Hurry and Seaforth.Be that as it may, <mask> subsequently refused a commission from the Committee of Estates appointing him as their Lieutenant north of the Spey and was excommunicated by the General Assembly. He then joined Montrose publicly at the siege of Inverness in April 1646. Clan affairs After Montrose's departure for Norway in September 1646, compulsory loans were levied against leading Royalists. Sixteen Mackenzies were ordered to provide loans totaling £28,666 (Scottish), but it appears that the authorities experienced great difficulties in enforcing their payment. The list provides an interesting snapshot of the perceived resources of some of the leading clan members of the time: Thomas Mackenzie of Pluscarden: £2,000; Alexander Mackenzie of Kilcoy: £2,000; Roderick Mackenzie of Redcastle: £2,000; Alexander Mackenzie of Coul: £6,000; Kenneth Mackenzie of Gairloch: £3,333 6s.8d; Hector Mackenzie of Scotsburn: £2,000; Roderick Mackenzie of Davochmaluag: £1,333 6s.8d; John Mackenzie of Davach-Cairn: £1,333 6s.8d; William Mackenzie of Multavie: £1,000; Kenneth Mackenzie of Scatwell: £2,000; Thomas Mackenzie of Inverlael: £1,333 6s.8d; Colin Mackenzie of Mullochie: £666 13s.4d; Donald Mackenzie of Logie: £666 13s.4d; Kenneth Mackenzie of Assynt: £1,000; Colin Mackenzie of Kincraig: £1,000; Alexander Mackenzie of Suddie: £1,000. <mask>'s involvement in public affairs did not prevent him from pursuing (in the manner of his forebears) his own more personal concerns. In particular, he embarked on a remorseless campaign to wrest Assynt from the Macleods, laying siege to the castle of Donald Ban Mor Macleod on the Isle of Assynt in May 1646.His men were said (in a later complaint by the Macleods) to have carried away 3,000 cows, 2,000 horses and 7,000 sheep and goats, as well as burning the habitations of 180 families. Final years In 1648 <mask> again raised a body of 4000 men in the Western Islands and Ross-shire, whom he led south, to aid the King's cause, but after joining in a few skirmishes under Lanark, they returned home to "cut their corn which was now ready for their sickles." During the whole of this period <mask>'s fidelity to the Royal cause was open to considerable suspicion, and when Charles I threw himself into the hands of the Scots at Newark, and ordered Montrose to disband his forces, <mask>, always trying to be on the winning side, came in to Middleton, and made terms with the Committee of Estates; but the Church, by whom he had previously been excommunicated, continued implacable, and would only agree to be satisfied by a public penance in sackcloth within the High Church of Edinburgh. The proud Earl consented, underwent this ignominious and degrading ceremonial, and his sentence of excommunication was then removed. Notwithstanding this public humiliation, after the death of Charles I, <mask>, in a final act of tergiversation, went over to Holland in 1649, and joined Charles II, by whom he was made Principal Secretary of State for Scotland, the duties of which, however, he never had the opportunity of performing. Death and posterity When <mask> received the news of the disastrous defeat of the king's forces at Worcester, he fell into a profound melancholy and died in August 1651, in Schiedam, Holland. Early in life, he had married Barbara, daughter of Arthur, Lord Forbes, and had by her at least eight children, including his heir and successor, Kenneth.Of his three daughters, Jean married first John, Earl of Mar, and secondly Andrew Fraser, 3rd Lord Fraser; Margaret married Sir William Sinclair of Mey; and Barbara married Sir John Urquhart of Cromarty. References Stephen Manganiello, The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of Scotland (Scarecrow Press, 2004) This article includes text from Alexander Mackenzie's History of the Mackenzies (Inverness, 1894), which is no longer in copyright. Line of Chiefs 1651 deaths <mask> History of the Scottish Highlands Scottish politicians Covenanters Scottish generals Earls of Seaforth Year of birth unknown Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1639–1641

The 2nd Earl of Seaforth was a Highland clan chief and Scottish nobleman who was involved in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Sir Gilbert Ogilvie's daughter, Isobel, was the son of Kenneth and 1st Lord Mackenzie of Kintail. During the fall of the Lordship of the Isles in the 15th century, a clan from Ross-shire rose to prominence. The Earl of Seaforth was named after his half-brother, Colin, who died without male heirs. He used to be known as <mask> of Kildun. Seaforth's estates were extensive because of the acquisitive proclivities of his ancestors. He was heir male to his brother in the lands and barony ofEllandonnan, including the barony of Lochalsh, as well as the towns and lands of Lochcarron.), the davach of Stromcastell, Ardnagald, Ardneskan, and Blaad, and the half davach of Sannachan. He was given the title of heir male to his father Kenneth on 14 January 1620 in the lands and barony of Pluscardine. <mask>, who was personally attached to the king, was found on the side of the Covenant. He was appointed General of the Covenanters north of the Spey, but dismantled his army after the Pacification of Berwick. <mask> was suspected of being indifferent to the Covenant when he joined the king's side. When the King arrived in Scotland in 1641, <mask> was persuaded by the <mask> of Traquair to enter into a bond against the Covenanters. However, he continued to equivocate, declining the king's offer of chief justice general of the Isles and taking up arms against Montrose after his victory at Aberdeen in September 1644.When he heard of Argyll's descent on Lochaber, he was about to attack his forces of 5,000. On February 2, 1645, Montrose defeated Argyll at Inverlochy. <mask> was held prisoner for several days after this victory, but was released after he swore his loyalty to the King and promised never to take up arms against him again. He joined Sir John Hurry the Covenanting general after this promise. The Battle of Auldearn was fought between Hurry's army of Sutherlands, Mackenzies, Frasers, Roses and Brodies and the army of Gordons, MacDonalds, Macphersons and Irish. The result was a victory for Montrose. There was a lengthy account of the battle given by the Reverend John Macrae.<mask> was excommunicated by the General Assembly after he refused a commission from the Committee of Estates to be their Lieutenant north of the Spey. He was a part of the siege of Inverness in April 1646. Compulsory loans were levied against leading Royalists after Montrose left for Norway. It appears that the authorities had a hard time enforcing the payment of the loans they were ordered to provide. An interesting snapshot of the perceived resources of some of the leading clan members of the time is provided by the list. <mask> pursued his own more personal concerns despite his involvement in public affairs. He laid siege to the castle of Donald Ban Mor Macleod on the Isle of Assynt in May 1646.The men were accused of burning the habitations of 180 families and carrying away 3,000 cows, 2,000 horses and 7,000 sheep and goats. <mask> raised a body of 4,000 men in the Western Islands and Ross-shire, who he led south, to aid the King's cause, but after joining in a few skirmishes under Lanark, they returned home to cut their corn. When Charles I threw himself into the hands of the Scots at Newark, <mask>'s fidelity to the Royal cause was open to considerable suspicion, and when Earl <mask> came in, he was always trying to be on the winning side. The Earl's sentence of excommunication was removed after he underwent this degrading and ignominious ceremony. After the death of Charles I, <mask> went over to Holland and joined Charles II as Principal Secretary of State for Scotland. <mask> died in August 1651, after learning of the defeat of the king's forces at Worcester. He married Barbara, daughter of Arthur, Lord Forbes, and had at least eight children, including his heir and successor, Kenneth.Jean married John, Earl of Mar, Andrew Fraser, 3rd Lord Fraser, and Margaret married Sir William Sinclair of Mey. The text from Alexander Mackenzie's History of the Mackenzies, which is no longer in copyright, is included in the article. Scottish politicians, Covenanters and Earls of Seaforth were unknown members of the Parliament of Scotland.

483149

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo%20Kuerten

Gustavo Kuerten

Gustavo "Guga" Kuerten (; born 10 September 1976) is a Brazilian former world No. 1 tennis player. He won the French Open singles title three times (1997, 2000, and 2001), and was the Tennis Masters Cup champion in 2000. Kuerten suffered many problems with injuries which resulted in his non-attendances at many tournaments in 2002 and between 2004 and 2008. After two hip surgeries and a few failed attempted comebacks, he retired from top-level tennis in May 2008. During his career he won 20 singles and 8 doubles titles. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2012. In 2016, he was asked to be the torch bearer for the Rio Olympics. Professional career As a junior player in South America, Guga won many of the most important tournaments in the region. He often played in an age group above his. After two years as a professional, Kuerten rose to the position of No. 2 player in Brazil, behind Fernando Meligeni, and he had his then highest point by helping the Brazil Davis Cup team defeat Austria in 1996 and reach the competition's first division, the World Group. Following his unexpected victory in the 1997 French Open – which was not only his maiden ATP Tour victory but also the first time he had reached a professional ranking final – Kuerten had a difficult year and a half, adjusting to his sudden fame and the pressure of being expected to win. 1998 was the worst year in his career that was not related to injuries. The pressure for him to become an "ambassador" for tennis in Brazil was made evident after his early defeat to a then unknown Marat Safin in the 1998 French Open: the entire body of Brazilian journalists that had been dispatched to Paris to cover the event immediately returned home, leaving the rest of the tournament unaccounted for in Brazil. Like many South American players, his favorite court surface is clay. He won three Grand Slam titles, all of them at the French Open, played on the red clay courts of Roland Garros. He won these titles in 1997, 2000 and 2001. In every one of the three French Open victories he defeated Russia's Yevgeny Kafelnikov in the quarterfinals and two top 10 players on his way to the title. Kuerten became the world No. 1 player in 2000. Kuerten won at least one title a year between 1997 and 2004. The streak came to an end in 2005, when injuries and below-average performances kept him from winning tournaments. He was also a regular participant for Brazil in the Davis Cup. 1997: Entering the top 10 Fresh from winning a Challenger title, Kuerten unexpectedly won the 1997 French Open, the first Brazilian to win a Grand Slam singles title since Maria Bueno at the 1966 U.S. Open. The tournament was only his third grand slam, setting a record for any player in the open era, tied with Mats Wilander. He remains the only player to win a Challenger and a Grand Slam in consecutive weeks. Victories over former champions of the previous four French Opens – Thomas Muster (1995) in the third round in five sets, Yevgeny Kafelnikov (1996) in the quarterfinals in five sets and Sergi Bruguera (1993, 1994) in the final – make him the third-lowest ranked Grand Slam Champion (ranked 66th), and his victory led to him entering the Association of Tennis Professionals top 20. Only Mark Edmondson (ranked 212th) and Goran Ivanišević (ranked 125th) were ranked lower than Kuerten when winning a Grand Slam singles title. He received his French Open trophy from former champions Björn Borg and Guillermo Vilas. When called to the stage to receive the winner's trophy, Kuerten reverently bowed a few times to his childhood idol Borg, who was waiting at the top of the stairs to shake his hand. Later, during the ceremony, Vilas whispered something in Kuerten's ear that caused him to laugh during the speech of the chairman of the event. Kuerten later refused to reveal what it was that Vilas had said, claiming it would be inelegant to do so, but journalists that were equipped with powerful lenses were able to read Vilas's lips, and it was revealed that he had said in Spanish something like: "Get ready kid, it's going to rain women on your lap!". 1999: Top 5 debut He established himself as the leading clay court player of his generation in 1999, and he became one of three South Americans to complete the year in the top 10 in all the history of the ATP rankings. In April he won the Monte-Carlo Masters beating the Chilean Marcelo Rios. In May he won the Rome Masters, beating Patrick Rafter in the final. In June he reached the quarterfinals at the French Open. losing to unseeded eventual runner-up Andriy Medvedev. At Wimbledon, he became the first Brazilian to reach the quarterfinals since Thomaz Koch in 1968. He was defeated by Andre Agassi in the quarterfinals, but had lost just one set until that stage. In July, he defeated Sébastien Grosjean 9–7 in the fifth set of the 1999 Davis Cup quarterfinal between Brazil and France. That match lasted 4 hours and 43 minutes. He also became the first Brazilian to qualify for the ATP Tennis Masters Cup, today known as the ATP World Tour Finals, winning a match but failing to get past round robin. 2000: World No. 1 After another solid clay court swing, Kuerten won his second French Open title by defeating Magnus Norman (who had beaten him a few weeks earlier in the final of the Rome Masters) on his 11th match point. Kuerten became the first South American to finish the year as World No. 1 in the history of the ATP rankings (since 1973). It was a close contest with young up-and-comer Marat Safin at the year's last event, the Tennis Masters Cup (in its first year under that name) in Lisbon, Portugal, with one loss meaning that Safin would have been No. 1. Despite Safin having 4 chances to finish the year as world No. 1, Kuerten defied all odds and finished the year at No. 1 by beating Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi in back-to-back matches on an indoor hard court. He broke an eight-year hold of players from the U.S. on the year-end No. 1 position. He also became the first South American to finish in Top 5 in consecutive years since Guillermo Vilas of Argentina in 1977–78. 2001: Continued dominance, start of injuries In 2001, he won his third French Open crown, joining former greats Björn Borg (6), Ivan Lendl (3) and Mats Wilander (3) with three or more French Open titles in the Open Era; former champion Jim Courier presented him with the trophy. His road to the title saw him save a match point against fourth round opponent Michael Russell. He also won the biggest hardcourt title of his career in August at the Cincinnati Masters, where he defeated Patrick Rafter in the final. At the US Open he was seeded first but lost in the quarterfinals in straight sets to seventh-seeded Yevgeni Kafelnikov. Injuries started to plague Kuerten as he lost 8 of the next 9 matches to conclude the year. Despite being the favorite to finish as world No. 1 for the second consecutive year, his poor season ending showing saw Lleyton Hewitt overtake him. He led the ATP in prize money for the second straight year, with US$4,091,004. 2004 At the Australian Open Kuerten reached the third round for the first, and only, time in his career by defeating Ivan Ljubičić in the second round in four sets but subsequently lost to Paradorn Schrichapan. In an injury-ridden year, Kuerten won one ATP Tour title, which he did at home, by winning the Brasil Open for the second time. In that year, the tournament had been moved from September to February, and the surface had been changed from hard to clay, as a result of a compromise with the Buenos Aires Open, in Argentina, and the Viña del Mar Open, in Chile, to tighten up a clear South American tournament circuit. With his victory, Kuerten became the only player to win the title on both surfaces, having previously won it in 2002. Kuerten was responsible for the only defeat of Roger Federer in a Grand Slam event in 2004. In Kuerten's only previous encounter against Federer on clay, in the Hamburg Masters 2002, Federer defeated Kuerten 6–0, 1–6, 6–2. When they met again in the third round at the French Open in 2004, it was Federer who was in dominant form, the world no. 1, and expected to win against the injury-ridden Kuerten. Instead, it was Kuerten who overpowered and dominated Federer, beating him in straight sets. This would remain the last time that Federer was defeated in any Grand Slam prior to the quarterfinals stage until his round 2 loss against Serhiy Stakhovsky at Wimbledon in 2013. On 1 September Kuerten announced that he would be withdrawing from the ATP Tour for an indefinite period of time, in order to undergo detailed exams of his operated hip, which had reportedly started to bother him again. He did not play again for the rest of the year. 2006 In the first months of 2006, injuries and weak performances kept Kuerten from reclaiming his status as a top world player. Ranked out of the top 200, Kuerten was no longer the top player in Brazil (currently behind Ricardo Mello and Flávio Saretta) and was expected to need wildcards to play any of the main tournaments of the season. His main attempt to come back, at the 2006 Brasil Open, was cut short in the first round. Following this debacle, Kuerten managed to obtain wildcards to play in the two North American Masters Series events, Miami and Indian Wells, but injuries forced Kuerten to withdraw from both. The French Tennis Federation had announced that Kuerten, as a three-time champion, would have every chance of being granted a wildcard to play at the 2006 French Open, provided that he managed to remain active throughout the 2006 season leading up to the French Open. Because Kuerten had been inactive in the Men's Tour since mid-February, he was not granted the wildcard to play, thus missing the French Open for the first time in his professional career. 2007 Kuerten's form did not improve in 2007. Because his ranking was not high enough to qualify for ATP Tour tournaments, Kuerten relied on wild cards to enter those events. Kuerten finished with a 2–7 win–loss record for the year. In November, Gustavo Kuerten's younger brother, Guilherme, who had cerebral palsy, died. 2008 Kuerten made an announcement that he expected 2008 to be his final year of play. Kuerten chose to devise his schedule around tournaments that had sentimental value to him, such as the French Open, the Brasil Open, and the Miami Masters. After two first-round defeats in singles (Costa do Sauípe, l. to Berlocq and Miami, l. to Grosjean), Kuerten won his first ATP Masters Series level match in a long time, partnering Nicolás Lapentti, in Miami, against Feliciano López and Fernando Verdasco. Retirement On 25 May 2008, Gustavo Kuerten played his last professional singles match in front of 15,000 spectators at Roland Garros. He arrived on court wearing his 'lucky' uniform, the same blue & yellow one that he wore in 1997 when he won his first French Open tournament. Despite saving a match point against his opponent Paul-Henri Mathieu, he finally lost in three sets (6–3, 6–4, 6–2)—his result in the final of French Open in 1997. He was honored after the game by the tournament organizers and by all the fans present for what he has achieved throughout his career. Playing style Kuerten embraced the baseline style of play, with heavy topspin on his ground strokes and a solid serve that enabled him to wear down his opponents from the back of the court. Kuerten, however, emphasized offensive baseline play as opposed to the traditional defensive baseline play favoured by classic clay court specialists, and unlike them, his first serve was his biggest weapon. He played right-handed with a single-handed backhand using a western grip. The arcing backhand played with topspin was his trademark shot. He was one of the earliest adopters to play with polyester strings which allowed him to swing for pace and at the same time create the topspin needed to control the ball. Davis Cup Kuerten was first called to play for Brazil in the Davis Cup in 1996, when he became the second-best ranked player in the country (to Fernando Meligeni). Since then, Kuerten has always answered the invitations to play, claiming that it was a unique opportunity to represent his country. In the 1999 and 2000 seasons, Kuerten took criticism from his fans, who accused him of not giving 100% in the Davis Cup matches. They claimed he was more concerned with sparing his energy for the ATP tournaments. At one point, Kuerten interrupted a match to argue with a fan who had shouted out for him to apply himself to the match at hand. In 2004, following the country's unexpected defeat to Canada in the Repechage match, and the country's demotion to the American Group I after having been defeated by Sweden in that year's First Round, discontent with the politics of the Brazilian Tennis Confederation spilled over. Kuerten refused to play for Brazil in the American Group I. The unexpected firing of then captain of the Brazilian team, Ricardo Accioly, was the trigger. Kuerten thought it was an arbitrary decision, since it was made without consulting the players. In his view that was just the last in a sequence of questionable decisions made by organization's board. All other professional Brazilian players followed Kuerten's lead, as well as the newly appointed captain, former player Jaime Oncins. As a result, Brazil had to play the first round in the Zonal Group with a team made up of junior players (which was only possible after much negotiation, during which time the country was at risk of forfeiting the Round, which would have resulted in automatic demoting to the American Group II), which resulted in a defeat and the possibility of demotion to the American Group II. The protest continued, and as a result, Brazil had to play the Repechage match again with a junior team, and was demoted to the American Group II for the 2005 season. As of 2005, following the fall of the BTC board in the aftermath of the protest, Kuerten and the other players have decided to return to the team, now captained by former player Fernando Meligeni. Kuerten, however, had to delay his return beyond the end of the players' strike, since his hip injuries kept him off courts between September 2004 and May 2005. He returned in the Tie with the Netherlands Antilles, valid for the Second Round of the American Zonal Group II, which was played in Santa Catarina, Brazil (on clay) between July 15 and July 17, 2005. Equipment and sponsors During his career, Guga used Head racquets with Luxilon polyester strings. He wore Diadora clothes, changing them on a short period for Olympikus and Head. In 2012, after his retirement, he signed a sponsor deal with French brands Lacoste (for clothes) and Peugeot (for TV commercials). Guga also has his own clothes and glasses brand, named "Guga Kuerten". Personal life Kuerten was born in Florianópolis in southern Brazil. He began playing tennis when he was six, an early start to a life and career marked by family tragedy. His father, Aldo, a former amateur tennis player, died of a heart attack in 1985 while umpiring a junior tennis match in Curitiba, when Kuerten was eight years old. His older brother, Raphael, is currently his business manager. His youngest brother, Guilherme, suffered prolonged oxygen deprivation and consequently irreparable brain damage during birth, and as a result suffered from mental retardation and severe physical disability until his death in 2007. Kuerten was deeply affected by his brother's daily struggles, later donating the entire prize money from one tournament he has won every year of his professional career so far to a hometown NGO that provides assistance for people suffering from similar disabilities. He gave every trophy he won to his younger brother as a souvenir, including the three miniature replicas of the French Open men's singles trophy. As a young player, Kuerten first learned from Carlos Alves. Alves would continue to coach Kuerten for the next 8 years. When he was 14 years old, Kuerten met Larri Passos who would be his coach for the following 15 years. Passos convinced Kuerten and his family that the youth was talented enough to make a living out of playing tennis. The two started traveling all over the world to participate in junior tournaments. Kuerten turned professional in 1995. In 2000, he founded the Gustavo Kuerten Institute, a non-profit philanthropic association based in Florianópolis in support of children and disabled people. Since retirement he has settled down in his place of birth, the Brazilian island of Florianópolis, where he is an active member in the lakeside district of Lagoa da Conceição. He still enjoys teaching and playing tennis with the local enthusiasts. In his hometown, he is known as the "Cachorro Grande" ("Big Dog"). He is an avid surfer. Kuerten was accepted to a drama course at CEART, the Center of Arts of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC) in Florianópolis. He began his studies there on 16 February 2009. In November 2010, on his brother Guilherme's birthday, he married Mariana Soncini and the couple have a daughter and a son. In October 2016 he was in court for tax evasion, related to income earned from copyright and image rights between 1995 and 2002, and in November was ordered to pay 7 million R$ (appr. US$2 million). His favourite football team is Brazilian Avaí Futebol Clube. He is a distant cousin to model and TV presenter, Renata Kuerten. Awards and honors In 1998, 2002 and 2004 Kuerten received the Prix Orange Roland Garros Award for sportsmanship from the association of tennis journalists. In his homeland Brazil he was awarded the Prêmio Brasil Olímpico in 1999 and was named Athlete of the Year in 1999 and 2000. He received the ATP Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year Award in 2003. Kuerten was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2012. In June 2016 he became their global ambassador, representing the organisation, especially in South America. In 2005, Tennis Magazine put him in 37th place in its list of "The 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era". In 2010, Kuerten was presented with the ITF's highest accolade, the Philippe Chatrier Award, for his contributions to tennis. That same year he won the Mercosur Konex Award from Argentina as the best tennis player of South America in that decade. Kuerten won the International Club’s prestigious Jean Borotra Sportsmanship Award in 2011. On 16 February 2016, the central court of Rio Open was named after him, officially Guga Kuerten court. On 5 August 2016, he relayed the Olympic Torch into Maracanã Stadium during the Opening Ceremonies for 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, relaying off to Hortencia Marcari. Career statistics Grand Slam performance timeline Finals: 3 (3 titles) Year-end championships performance timeline Finals: 1 (1 title) References Further reading External links Official site 1976 births Brazilian male tennis players French Open champions French Open junior champions Living people Olympic tennis players of Brazil Sportspeople from Florianópolis Brazilian people of German descent Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics World No. 1 tennis players International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles South American Games medalists in tennis South American Games bronze medalists for Brazil Competitors at the 1994 South American Games

<mask> "Guga" <mask> (; born 10 September 1976) is a Brazilian former world No. 1 tennis player. He won the French Open singles title three times (1997, 2000, and 2001), and was the Tennis Masters Cup champion in 2000. Kuerten suffered many problems with injuries which resulted in his non-attendances at many tournaments in 2002 and between 2004 and 2008. After two hip surgeries and a few failed attempted comebacks, he retired from top-level tennis in May 2008. During his career he won 20 singles and 8 doubles titles. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2012.In 2016, he was asked to be the torch bearer for the Rio Olympics. Professional career As a junior player in South America, Guga won many of the most important tournaments in the region. He often played in an age group above his. After two years as a professional, <mask> rose to the position of No. 2 player in Brazil, behind Fernando Meligeni, and he had his then highest point by helping the Brazil Davis Cup team defeat Austria in 1996 and reach the competition's first division, the World Group. Following his unexpected victory in the 1997 French Open – which was not only his maiden ATP Tour victory but also the first time he had reached a professional ranking final – Kuerten had a difficult year and a half, adjusting to his sudden fame and the pressure of being expected to win. 1998 was the worst year in his career that was not related to injuries.The pressure for him to become an "ambassador" for tennis in Brazil was made evident after his early defeat to a then unknown Marat Safin in the 1998 French Open: the entire body of Brazilian journalists that had been dispatched to Paris to cover the event immediately returned home, leaving the rest of the tournament unaccounted for in Brazil. Like many South American players, his favorite court surface is clay. He won three Grand Slam titles, all of them at the French Open, played on the red clay courts of Roland Garros. He won these titles in 1997, 2000 and 2001. In every one of the three French Open victories he defeated Russia's Yevgeny Kafelnikov in the quarterfinals and two top 10 players on his way to the title. <mask> became the world No. 1 player in 2000.<mask> won at least one title a year between 1997 and 2004. The streak came to an end in 2005, when injuries and below-average performances kept him from winning tournaments. He was also a regular participant for Brazil in the Davis Cup. 1997: Entering the top 10 Fresh from winning a Challenger title, <mask> unexpectedly won the 1997 French Open, the first Brazilian to win a Grand Slam singles title since Maria Bueno at the 1966 U.S. Open. The tournament was only his third grand slam, setting a record for any player in the open era, tied with Mats Wilander. He remains the only player to win a Challenger and a Grand Slam in consecutive weeks. Victories over former champions of the previous four French Opens – Thomas Muster (1995) in the third round in five sets, Yevgeny Kafelnikov (1996) in the quarterfinals in five sets and Sergi Bruguera (1993, 1994) in the final – make him the third-lowest ranked Grand Slam Champion (ranked 66th), and his victory led to him entering the Association of Tennis Professionals top 20.Only Mark Edmondson (ranked 212th) and Goran Ivanišević (ranked 125th) were ranked lower than <mask> when winning a Grand Slam singles title. He received his French Open trophy from former champions Björn Borg and Guillermo Vilas. When called to the stage to receive the winner's trophy, <mask> reverently bowed a few times to his childhood idol Borg, who was waiting at the top of the stairs to shake his hand. Later, during the ceremony, Vilas whispered something in Kuerten's ear that caused him to laugh during the speech of the chairman of the event. <mask> later refused to reveal what it was that Vilas had said, claiming it would be inelegant to do so, but journalists that were equipped with powerful lenses were able to read Vilas's lips, and it was revealed that he had said in Spanish something like: "Get ready kid, it's going to rain women on your lap!". 1999: Top 5 debut He established himself as the leading clay court player of his generation in 1999, and he became one of three South Americans to complete the year in the top 10 in all the history of the ATP rankings. In April he won the Monte-Carlo Masters beating the Chilean Marcelo Rios.In May he won the Rome Masters, beating Patrick Rafter in the final. In June he reached the quarterfinals at the French Open. losing to unseeded eventual runner-up Andriy Medvedev. At Wimbledon, he became the first Brazilian to reach the quarterfinals since Thomaz Koch in 1968. He was defeated by Andre Agassi in the quarterfinals, but had lost just one set until that stage. In July, he defeated Sébastien Grosjean 9–7 in the fifth set of the 1999 Davis Cup quarterfinal between Brazil and France. That match lasted 4 hours and 43 minutes.He also became the first Brazilian to qualify for the ATP Tennis Masters Cup, today known as the ATP World Tour Finals, winning a match but failing to get past round robin. 2000: World No. 1 After another solid clay court swing, <mask> won his second French Open title by defeating Magnus Norman (who had beaten him a few weeks earlier in the final of the Rome Masters) on his 11th match point. <mask> became the first South American to finish the year as World No. 1 in the history of the ATP rankings (since 1973). It was a close contest with young up-and-comer Marat Safin at the year's last event, the Tennis Masters Cup (in its first year under that name) in Lisbon, Portugal, with one loss meaning that Safin would have been No. 1.Despite Safin having 4 chances to finish the year as world No. 1, <mask> defied all odds and finished the year at No. 1 by beating Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi in back-to-back matches on an indoor hard court. He broke an eight-year hold of players from the U.S. on the year-end No. 1 position. He also became the first South American to finish in Top 5 in consecutive years since Guillermo Vilas of Argentina in 1977–78. 2001: Continued dominance, start of injuries In 2001, he won his third French Open crown, joining former greats Björn Borg (6), Ivan Lendl (3) and Mats Wilander (3) with three or more French Open titles in the Open Era; former champion Jim Courier presented him with the trophy.His road to the title saw him save a match point against fourth round opponent Michael Russell. He also won the biggest hardcourt title of his career in August at the Cincinnati Masters, where he defeated Patrick Rafter in the final. At the US Open he was seeded first but lost in the quarterfinals in straight sets to seventh-seeded Yevgeni Kafelnikov. Injuries started to plague Kuerten as he lost 8 of the next 9 matches to conclude the year. Despite being the favorite to finish as world No. 1 for the second consecutive year, his poor season ending showing saw Lleyton Hewitt overtake him. He led the ATP in prize money for the second straight year, with US$4,091,004.2004 At the Australian Open <mask> reached the third round for the first, and only, time in his career by defeating Ivan Ljubičić in the second round in four sets but subsequently lost to Paradorn Schrichapan. In an injury-ridden year, <mask> won one ATP Tour title, which he did at home, by winning the Brasil Open for the second time. In that year, the tournament had been moved from September to February, and the surface had been changed from hard to clay, as a result of a compromise with the Buenos Aires Open, in Argentina, and the Viña del Mar Open, in Chile, to tighten up a clear South American tournament circuit. With his victory, <mask> became the only player to win the title on both surfaces, having previously won it in 2002. Kuerten was responsible for the only defeat of Roger Federer in a Grand Slam event in 2004. In Kuerten's only previous encounter against Federer on clay, in the Hamburg Masters 2002, Federer defeated Kuerten 6–0, 1–6, 6–2. When they met again in the third round at the French Open in 2004, it was Federer who was in dominant form, the world no.1, and expected to win against the injury-ridden <mask>. Instead, it was <mask> who overpowered and dominated Federer, beating him in straight sets. This would remain the last time that Federer was defeated in any Grand Slam prior to the quarterfinals stage until his round 2 loss against Serhiy Stakhovsky at Wimbledon in 2013. On 1 September <mask> announced that he would be withdrawing from the ATP Tour for an indefinite period of time, in order to undergo detailed exams of his operated hip, which had reportedly started to bother him again. He did not play again for the rest of the year. 2006 In the first months of 2006, injuries and weak performances kept <mask> from reclaiming his status as a top world player. Ranked out of the top 200, <mask> was no longer the top player in Brazil (currently behind Ricardo Mello and Flávio Saretta) and was expected to need wildcards to play any of the main tournaments of the season.His main attempt to come back, at the 2006 Brasil Open, was cut short in the first round. Following this debacle, <mask> managed to obtain wildcards to play in the two North American Masters Series events, Miami and Indian Wells, but injuries forced Kuerten to withdraw from both. The French Tennis Federation had announced that <mask>, as a three-time champion, would have every chance of being granted a wildcard to play at the 2006 French Open, provided that he managed to remain active throughout the 2006 season leading up to the French Open. Because Kuerten had been inactive in the Men's Tour since mid-February, he was not granted the wildcard to play, thus missing the French Open for the first time in his professional career. 2007 <mask>'s form did not improve in 2007. Because his ranking was not high enough to qualify for ATP Tour tournaments, Kuerten relied on wild cards to enter those events. Kuerten finished with a 2–7 win–loss record for the year.In November, <mask>'s younger brother, Guilherme, who had cerebral palsy, died. 2008 <mask> made an announcement that he expected 2008 to be his final year of play. <mask> chose to devise his schedule around tournaments that had sentimental value to him, such as the French Open, the Brasil Open, and the Miami Masters. After two first-round defeats in singles (Costa do Sauípe, l. to Berlocq and Miami, l. to Grosjean), <mask> won his first ATP Masters Series level match in a long time, partnering Nicolás Lapentti, in Miami, against Feliciano López and Fernando Verdasco. Retirement On 25 May 2008, <mask> played his last professional singles match in front of 15,000 spectators at Roland Garros. He arrived on court wearing his 'lucky' uniform, the same blue & yellow one that he wore in 1997 when he won his first French Open tournament. Despite saving a match point against his opponent Paul-Henri Mathieu, he finally lost in three sets (6–3, 6–4, 6–2)—his result in the final of French Open in 1997.He was honored after the game by the tournament organizers and by all the fans present for what he has achieved throughout his career. Playing style Kuerten embraced the baseline style of play, with heavy topspin on his ground strokes and a solid serve that enabled him to wear down his opponents from the back of the court. Kuerten, however, emphasized offensive baseline play as opposed to the traditional defensive baseline play favoured by classic clay court specialists, and unlike them, his first serve was his biggest weapon. He played right-handed with a single-handed backhand using a western grip. The arcing backhand played with topspin was his trademark shot. He was one of the earliest adopters to play with polyester strings which allowed him to swing for pace and at the same time create the topspin needed to control the ball. Davis Cup <mask> was first called to play for Brazil in the Davis Cup in 1996, when he became the second-best ranked player in the country (to Fernando Meligeni).Since then, <mask> has always answered the invitations to play, claiming that it was a unique opportunity to represent his country. In the 1999 and 2000 seasons, <mask> took criticism from his fans, who accused him of not giving 100% in the Davis Cup matches. They claimed he was more concerned with sparing his energy for the ATP tournaments. At one point, Kuerten interrupted a match to argue with a fan who had shouted out for him to apply himself to the match at hand. In 2004, following the country's unexpected defeat to Canada in the Repechage match, and the country's demotion to the American Group I after having been defeated by Sweden in that year's First Round, discontent with the politics of the Brazilian Tennis Confederation spilled over. <mask> refused to play for Brazil in the American Group I. The unexpected firing of then captain of the Brazilian team, Ricardo Accioly, was the trigger.<mask> thought it was an arbitrary decision, since it was made without consulting the players. In his view that was just the last in a sequence of questionable decisions made by organization's board. All other professional Brazilian players followed <mask>'s lead, as well as the newly appointed captain, former player Jaime Oncins. As a result, Brazil had to play the first round in the Zonal Group with a team made up of junior players (which was only possible after much negotiation, during which time the country was at risk of forfeiting the Round, which would have resulted in automatic demoting to the American Group II), which resulted in a defeat and the possibility of demotion to the American Group II. The protest continued, and as a result, Brazil had to play the Repechage match again with a junior team, and was demoted to the American Group II for the 2005 season. As of 2005, following the fall of the BTC board in the aftermath of the protest, <mask> and the other players have decided to return to the team, now captained by former player Fernando Meligeni. <mask>, however, had to delay his return beyond the end of the players' strike, since his hip injuries kept him off courts between September 2004 and May 2005.He returned in the Tie with the Netherlands Antilles, valid for the Second Round of the American Zonal Group II, which was played in Santa Catarina, Brazil (on clay) between July 15 and July 17, 2005. Equipment and sponsors During his career, Guga used Head racquets with Luxilon polyester strings. He wore Diadora clothes, changing them on a short period for Olympikus and Head. In 2012, after his retirement, he signed a sponsor deal with French brands Lacoste (for clothes) and Peugeot (for TV commercials). Guga also has his own clothes and glasses brand, named "Guga Kuerten". Personal life <mask> was born in Florianópolis in southern Brazil. He began playing tennis when he was six, an early start to a life and career marked by family tragedy.His father, Aldo, a former amateur tennis player, died of a heart attack in 1985 while umpiring a junior tennis match in Curitiba, when Kuerten was eight years old. His older brother, Raphael, is currently his business manager. His youngest brother, Guilherme, suffered prolonged oxygen deprivation and consequently irreparable brain damage during birth, and as a result suffered from mental retardation and severe physical disability until his death in 2007. Kuerten was deeply affected by his brother's daily struggles, later donating the entire prize money from one tournament he has won every year of his professional career so far to a hometown NGO that provides assistance for people suffering from similar disabilities. He gave every trophy he won to his younger brother as a souvenir, including the three miniature replicas of the French Open men's singles trophy. As a young player, <mask> first learned from Carlos Alves. Alves would continue to coach Kuerten for the next 8 years.When he was 14 years old, <mask> met Larri Passos who would be his coach for the following 15 years. Passos convinced Kuerten and his family that the youth was talented enough to make a living out of playing tennis. The two started traveling all over the world to participate in junior tournaments. <mask>ro Grande" ("Big Dog"). He is an avid surfer. <mask> was accepted to a drama course at CEART, the Center of Arts of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC) in Florianópolis. He began his studies there on 16 February 2009. In November 2010, on his brother Guilherme's birthday, he married Mariana Soncini and the couple have a daughter and a son. In October 2016 he was in court for tax evasion, related to income earned from copyright and image rights between 1995 and 2002, and in November was ordered to pay 7 million R$ (appr. US$2 million).His favourite football team is Brazilian Avaí Futebol Clube. He is a distant cousin to model and TV presenter, Renata <mask>. Awards and honors In 1998, 2002 and 2004 <mask> received the Prix Orange Roland Garros Award for sportsmanship from the association of tennis journalists. In his homeland Brazil he was awarded the Prêmio Brasil Olímpico in 1999 and was named Athlete of the Year in 1999 and 2000. He received the ATP Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year Award in 2003. <mask> was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2012. In June 2016 he became their global ambassador, representing the organisation, especially in South America.In 2005, Tennis Magazine put him in 37th place in its list of "The 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era". In 2010, <mask> was presented with the ITF's highest accolade, the Philippe Chatrier Award, for his contributions to tennis. That same year he won the Mercosur Konex Award from Argentina as the best tennis player of South America in that decade. Kuerten won the International Club’s prestigious Jean Borotra Sportsmanship Award in 2011. On 16 February 2016, the central court of Rio Open was named after him, officially Guga Kuerten court. On 5 August 2016, he relayed the Olympic Torch into Maracanã Stadium during the Opening Ceremonies for 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, relaying off to Hortencia Marcari. Career statistics Grand Slam performance timeline Finals: 3 (3 titles) Year-end championships performance timeline Finals: 1 (1 title) References Further reading External links Official site 1976 births Brazilian male tennis players French Open champions French Open junior champions Living people Olympic tennis players of Brazil Sportspeople from Florianópolis Brazilian people of German descent Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics World No.1 tennis players International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles South American Games medalists in tennis South American Games bronze medalists for Brazil Competitors at the 1994 South American Games

A Brazilian is a former world No. A tennis player. He won the French Open three times and the Tennis Masters Cup once. Between 2004 and 2008 <mask> did not attend many tournaments because of injuries. He retired from top-level tennis in May 2008 after two hip surgeries. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was a member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame.He was asked to be the torch bearer for the Rio Olympics. In South America, Guga won many of the most important tournaments. He played in an age group that was higher than his. After two years as a professional, <mask> rose to the position of No. In 1996 he helped the Brazil Davis Cup team defeat Austria and reach the first division of the competition, the World Group. <mask> had a difficult year and a half after winning the 1997 French Open, adjusting to his sudden fame and the pressure of being expected to win. The worst year in his career was not related to injuries.The pressure for him to become an "ambassador" for tennis in Brazil was evident after his early defeat to Marat Safin in the 1998 French Open: the entire body of Brazilian journalists that had been dispatched to Paris to cover the event immediately returned home. His favorite court surface is clay. He won three Grand Slam titles at the French Open on the red clay courts. He won these titles three times. He defeated Russia's Yevgeny Kafelnikov in the quarterfinals and two top 10 players on his way to the title at the French Open. The world's top ranked person was Kuerten. In 2000 there was one player.Between 1997 and 2004, <mask> won at least one title. He was unable to win tournaments in 2005 because of injuries and below-average performances. He played in the Davis Cup for Brazil. The first Brazilian to win a Grand Slam singles title in 50 years, <mask> won the 1997 French Open after entering the top 10. His third grand slam was a record for any player in the open era. He is the only player to win a Challenger and a Grand Slam in the same week. Thomas Muster (1995), Yevgeny Kafelnikov (1996), and Sergi Bruguera (1994) all won the French Open in five sets.Mark Edmondson and Goran Ivanievi were ranked lower than Kuerten when they won a Grand Slam singles title. He received his trophy from two people. Kuerten bowed a few times to Borg, who was waiting at the top of the stairs to shake his hand, when he was called to the stage to receive the winner's trophy. During the speech of the chairman of the event, Vilas whispered something in Kuerten's ear that made him laugh. It was revealed that Vilas had said something in Spanish, but Kuerten refused to reveal what he had said. He established himself as the leading clay court player of his generation in 1999, and he became one of three South Americans to complete the year in the top 10 in all the history of the rankings. The Monte-Carlo Masters was won by him in 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932 888-276-5932He beat Patrick Rafter in the Rome Masters final. He reached the quarterfinals at the French Open. Losing to the runner-up. He was the first Brazilian to reach the quarterfinals at Wimbledon. He had lost just one set before he was defeated by Agassi. He defeated Sébastien Grosjean in the fifth set of the 1999 Davis Cup quarterfinal between Brazil and France. The match took 4 hours and 43 minutes.He was the first Brazilian to qualify for the Masters Cup but failed to get past the first round. There was a world number in 2000. After another solid clay court swing, <mask> won his second French Open title by defeating Magnus Norman, who had beaten him a few weeks earlier in the final of the Rome Masters. The first South American to finish the year was <mask>. There has been 1 in the history of the rankings. It was a close contest with young up-and-comer Marat Safin at the year's last event, the Tennis Masters Cup (in its first year under that name) in Lisbon, Portugal, with one loss meaning that Safin would have been No. 1.There are 4 chances for Safin to finish the year as world No. <mask> finished the year at No. 1, despite all odds. In back-to-back matches on an indoor hard court, he beat Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi. He broke an eight-year hold of players from the U.S. There is one position. He was the first South American to finish in the Top 5 in consecutive years since 1977. He won his third French Open crown in 2001, becoming the fifth former great to win three or more French Open titles in the Open Era.He saved a match point against Michael Russell in the fourth round. He won the Cincinnati Masters hardcourt title in August, defeating Patrick Rafter in the final. He was the top seed at the US Open and lost in the quarterfinals to Yevgeni Kafelnikov. Kuerten was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 It was the favorite to finish as world No. Lleyton Hewitt overtook him for the second year in a row. He led the prize money for the second year in a row.<mask> lost to Paradorn Schrichapan in the third round of the Australian Open after defeating Ivan Ljubii in the second round. In an injury-ridden year, <mask> won one title, which he did at home, by winning the Brasil Open for the second time. In that year, the tournament was moved from September to February, and the surface was changed from hard to clay, as a result of a compromise with two other South American tournaments. <mask> was the only player to win the title on both surfaces. In a Grand Slam event in 2004, <mask> was responsible for a defeat. In the only previous meeting between the two, Kuerten lost 6–0, 1–6, 6–2. They met again in the third round of the French Open in 2004, and this time it was the world no. 1 who was in top form.It was expected to win against Kuerten. <mask> beat him in straight sets. Until his round 2 loss against Serhiy Stakhovsky at Wimbledon in 2013), this was the last time that Federer was defeated before the quarterfinals stage of a Grand Slam. On 1 September <mask> announced that he would be withdrawing from the tour in order to undergo detailed exams of his hip, which had started to bother him again. He didn't play again for the rest of the year. In the first months of 2006 injuries and weak performances kept <mask> from regaining his status as a top world player. Ranked out of the top 200, <mask> was no longer the top player in Brazil and was expected to need a wild card to play any of the main tournaments of the season.In the first round of the 2006 Brasil Open, his main attempt to come back was cut short. Injuries forced <mask> to withdraw from the two North American Masters Series events, Miami and Indian Wells. The French Tennis Federation had announced that <mask>, as a three-time champion, would have every chance of being granted a wildcard to play at the 2006 French Open, provided that he remained active throughout the 2006 season. Kuerten missed the French Open for the first time in his career because he wasn't given a wild card to play. In 2007, <mask>'s form did not improve. Kuerten relied on wild cards to enter tournaments because his ranking was not high enough. Kuerten had a 2–loss record for the year.Guilherme, the younger brother of <mask>, died in November. 2008 was the final year of play for Kuerten. The French Open, the Brasil Open, and the Miami Masters were tournaments that had sentimental value to Kuerten. Kuerten won his first Masters Series match in a long time, partnering Nicols Lapentti, in Miami. On May 25, 2008, Kuerten played his last professional singles match in front of 15,000 spectators. He arrived on the court wearing the uniform that he wore in 1997 when he won his first French Open tournament. He lost in the final of the French Open in 1997 despite saving a match point.After the game he was honored by the tournament organizers and all the fans present for what he has achieved throughout his career. Playing style Kuerten embraced the baseline style of play, with heavy topspin on his ground strokes and a solid serve that enabled him to wear down his opponents from the back of the court. <mask>'s first serve was his biggest weapon and he emphasized offensive baseline play as opposed to the traditional defensive baseline play favored by classic clay court specialists. He used a western grip to play with a single-handed backhand. His trademark shot was the backhand with topspin. He was one of the earliest to play with strings that allowed him to swing for pace and create topspin to control the ball. In 1996, <mask> became the second-best ranked player in the country and was called to play for Brazil in the Davis Cup.<mask> claimed that it was a unique opportunity to represent his country when he answered the invitations to play. <mask> was accused of not giving 100% in the Davis Cup matches by his fans. He was worried about sparing his energy for the tournaments. <mask> interrupted a match to argue with a fan who shouted for him to apply himself to the match at hand. Following the country's loss to Canada in the Repechage match and the country's demotion to the American Group I, discontent with the politics of the Brazilian Tennis Confederation spilled over. <mask> refused to play for Brazil. Accioly was the captain of the Brazilian team when he was fired.The decision was made without consulting the players. In his opinion, that was the last in a sequence of questionable decisions made by the organization's board. All other professional Brazilian players followed <mask>'s lead, as well as the newly appointed captain, a former player. As a result, Brazil had to play the first round in the Zonal Group with a team made up of junior players, which was only possible after much negotiation, during which time the country was at risk of forfeiture of the Round, which would have resulted in automatic demoting to the American Brazil was demoted to the American Group II for the 2005 season because of the protest and had to play the Repechage match again with a junior team. After the fall of the BTC board in 2005, <mask> and the other players decided to return to the team under the leadership of Fernando Meligeni. The hip injuries that kept Kuerten off the courts between September 2004 and May 2005 delayed his return.The Tie with the Netherlands Antilles was valid for the Second Round of the American Zonal Group II, which was played in Santa Catarina, Brazil between July 15 and July 17, 2005. Sponsors and equipment used by Guga He wore Diadora clothes for a short time. After his retirement, he signed a sponsorship deal with two French brands. Guga has a brand called "Guga Kuerten". <mask> was born in southern Brazil. He began playing tennis when he was six years old, an early start to a career marked by family tragedy.Aldo died of a heart attack while umpiring a junior tennis match in Curitiba when Kuerten was eight years old. Raphael is his business manager. Guilherme, his youngest brother, suffered from mental retardation and severe physical disability until his death in 2007. Kuerten donated the entire prize money from one tournament he has won every year of his career so far to a hometown charity that helps people with similar disabilities, after he was deeply affected by his brother's daily struggles. He gave his younger brother replicas of the French Open men's singles trophy and every trophy he won. Kuerten learned from Carlos Alves when he was a young player. Kuerten would be coached by Alves for the next 8 years.Larri Passos was <mask>'s coach for the next 15 years. Passos convinced Kuerten and his family that the youth could make a living playing tennis. The two traveled all over the world to play in junior tournaments. In 1995 <mask> became a professional. The Gustavo Kuerten Institute was founded in 2000 in support of children and disabled people. He is an active member of the lakeside district of Lagoa da Conceio on the Brazilian island of Florianpolis, where he was born. He enjoys teaching and playing tennis.He is known as the "Cachorro Grande" in his hometown. He is a surfer. <mask> was accepted to a drama course at the Center of Arts of Santa Catarina State University. He began his studies there. On his brother Guilherme's birthday in 2010, he married Mariana Soncini and they have two children. In October 2016 he was in court for tax evasion related to income earned from copyright and image rights between 1995 and 2002, and in November he was ordered to pay 7 million R$. US$2 million.His favourite football team is Brazilian. He is related to model and TV host, Renata <mask>. In 1998, 2002 and 2004, <mask> received an award for sportsmanship from the association of tennis journalists. He was named the athlete of the year in 1999 and 2000 in Brazil. He received a Humanitarian of the Year Award. In 2012 <mask> was in the International Tennis Hall of Fame. In June 2016 he became their global ambassador.He was ranked 37th in Tennis Magazine's list of the 40 greatest players of the tennis era. The Philippe Chatrier Award was presented to Kuerten in 2010 for his contributions to tennis. He won the Mercosur Konex Award from Argentina as the best tennis player of the decade. The Jean Borotra Sportsmanship Award was won by Kuerten. The central court of Rio Open was named after him. He relayed the Olympic torch into Maracan Stadium during the opening ceremonies of the Rio Olympics. There are 3 titles in the Grand Slam performance timeline and 1 title in the Year-end Championships performance timeline.The International Tennis Hall of Fame has 1 tennis players who won Grand Slams in men's singles and boys' doubles.

21128557

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Renatus%20von%20Zinzendorf

Christian Renatus von Zinzendorf

Imperial Count Christian Renatus von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (September 19, 1727 - May 28, 1752) was the charismatic leader of the Single Brethren's Choir of the Moravian Church and of Herrnhaag (The Lord’s Grove), a Christian religious community built near Büdingen by his father, Count Nicholas Ludwig, head of the Brüdergemeine or Moravian Unity. Christian Renatus, affectionately known as Christel, took his father’s marriage religion (Ehereligion) literally, proclaiming himself to be the living "Sidewound of Christ" in 1748, which meant he was the embodiment of Christ's sacrificial and compassionate love. The younger Zinzendorf and his co-elder of the Single Brethren, Joachim Rubusch, also proclaimed themselves to be married to the Sidewound. This derived in part from the teaching of Zinzendorf’s father that all souls are female, regardless of gender, so that they may be married to Christ. (This image is derived from the fact that "soul" in German, die Seele, is always a feminine noun.[Cassel'''s German-English Dictionary, entry die Seele.] It was also in 1748 that Christian Renatus von Zinzendorf declared all Single Brethren to be Sisters and therefore Brides of Christ. The compounding of sexuality and spirituality at Herrnhaag led to virulent attacks from outside and within the church, threatening to undo the goodwill with other denominations that the elder Zinzendorf had sought for decades. He dismissed his son from his positions and brought him to England for the remaining three years of Christian's life. After his death, Christian's followers in Pennsylvania named a settlement farm after him. Since there was a flowing spring there it was called "Christiansbrunn", Christian's Spring. while church leaders systematically destroyed most of the documents referring to the events at Herrnhaag. Only within the past two decades has a new generation of scholars and historians begun to reexamine that period to determine what happened. Birth and formative years Zinzendorf was born just a month after the spiritual awakening experience on August 13, 1727, that signaled the renewal of the Ancient Unity of Brethren, in which Moravian exiles on the lands of his father committed themselves to a life in Christ. Both his parents were deeply committed to this ideal. His father and his mother, née Countess Erdmuthe Dorothea Reuss-Ebersdorf, came from Pietist families that stressed the indwelling of the spirit. His parents considered their relationship to be a marriage of champions in which the goal was serving Christ. The young Zinzendorf was left in the care of his mother for most of his youth while his father pursued church activities elsewhere. His effeminacy was noted by nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century historians who typically attributed it his being raised in the company of women: "Christian Renatus . . . had all the ardor without the virility characteristic of his father." The strong mother/weak or distant father parenting style typically associated with early psychoanalytic attempts to explain homosexuality was also used to further discredit Zinzendorf. As a student, Zinzendorf was known for being frivolous, even bringing a cat to class. At the age of sixteen, he was named vice-elder of the Single Brothers Choir. Moravian communities were dedicated to serving Christ. The traditional family unit was abandoned in order to direct all residents' energies to that goal. Much like the Shakers, Moravian residents lived in groups or choirs according to gender, marital status and age. Christel as Christ's representative Many of Zinzendorf's beliefs and acts were based upon his father's words: "I live no more; he lives in me. I speak no more; he speaks in me. When you speak with me, you speak with him. When you have love for me, so too you have love for him, and when you hate me, so too you hate him, and when you have a word from me, so too you have it from him." Seeing Christ in Christian's eyes is a theme from the period in poetry, painting and engraving. An engraving complete with his portrait states that one can see the departed Christ by looking at Christel's forehead, meaning his eyes. A portrait of him now in the Moravian Archives in Herrnhut, Germany, includes the words Gebrochne Augen (broken eyes), again referring to seeing Christ at the moment of death in Christian's eyes, or at the moment of his completed sacrifice. The idea of Christ living in another was not uncommon in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is a fundamental belief shared with the Quakers and Shakers, who also had roots in Pietism and the indwelling of Christ. Leadership and loss of leadership Herrnhaag was a community designed by the elder Zinzendorf, whose inhabitants were to live under the direct rule of Christ with Christian Renatus as his representative. At Herrnhaag, Christel was the link between the spiritual and the earthly as the spirit took human form. During the 1748 Single Brothers Festival at Herrnhaag, Christel and his assistants entered wearing white robes, implying it was Christ who was actually entering. Later that day, Christel and twelve assistants led Communion, further representing Christ and the apostles. During the service, those in attendance believed that the Sidewound of Christ was literally standing before them in the bodily forms of Christel and Rubusch, his co-leader of the brothers. Christel sang a welcoming hymn for Christ entering the hall, and while kissing, the brothers believed they were literally kissing the Sidewound. The combination of sexuality and spirituality shown at Herrnhaag was not unknown in Christian history, but it caused increasing scandal both within and without the church, particularly embarrassing for Nicholas, "who was trying to be recognized as a rightful theologian after joining the confession of Augsburg" in 1748. Even Christel’s mother was concerned, realizing the events taking place at Herrnhaag and its nearby sister community of Marienborn were at the edge where metaphor and reality meet. Referring to a plowshare that can be raised and lowered, she later wrote to her son that "I sometimes said we have already put the peg in the last hole. If we wanted to remain in the world, the Savior would have to make three or four holes further back and lower down." In addition to increasingly embarrassing scandal and rumor, the cost of sustaining Herrnhaag and its numerous festivals put a severe financial strain on the church at a time when its missionary efforts were expanding around the world. Events reached such a point that Christel’s father denounced what was happening at Herrnhaag and ordered Christel to attend him in England. "When the twenty-two-year-old returned to Herrnhaag, he was physically and mentally broken. In August 1750 he founded a Bund auf die Marter Gottes (Covenant on the ordeal of God). During this 'phase of consolation' ordered by his father, he also composed several 'purified' poems." Death and apotheosis Zinzendorf died in a house in Dean's Yard of Westminster Abbey, London, on May 28, 1752, from a hemorrhage due to tuberculosis, with John Nitschmann, his former tutor, beside him. He was buried on the grounds of Lindsey House, "Sharon," the Moravian Graveyard located in Chelsea outside London, where his father lived at that time while directing the worldwide missionary effort of the church. When the Moravian Brethren and Sisters refused to forswear their allegiance to the elder Zinzendorf and sever their connection to the Moravian Church in the 1750s at the insistence of Gustav Friedrich, Count of Isenburg-Büdingen, Herrnhaag was closed and a great number of Moravians came to Bethlehem and Nazareth in Pennsylvania. A farming community had already been established near Nazareth for the Single Brethren named Christiansbrunn'', Christian's Spring. One of the brothers wrote a poem stating that Christel lived again in the Congregation at the spring and that the flowing waters restored him “more and more.” Historical perspective For more than 200 years after his death, Christel was looked upon as a failure by Moravian historians and scholars, who saw him as weak, effeminate, ineffectual and a grave disappointment to his father whose trust he had betrayed. The only way most Moravians of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries knew him was by the inclusion of several of his hymns in various Moravian hymnals, the most famous being “My Redeemer, overwhelmed with anguish, went to Olivet for me.” Indeed, the entire period (approximately 1747-1749) became known as the "Sifting Time" from Luke 22:31: "Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has desired to have you that he may sift you as wheat." Nicholas Zinzendorf called the ensuing scandal an “unbridled freedom of the flesh.” His representative told the residents at Herrnhaag and its nearby sister community of Marienborn that it was impossible to be "truly unified with our Husband" while living on earth. He further added that the residents had mistaken metaphor for reality and wrongly believed that the brothers were actually sisters. Historians for the next two hundred years accepted this view of events and wrote off what happened as a time of embarrassing excess from which the church was saved only by the timely intervention of Nicholas. Determining exactly what happened was made exceedingly difficult due to extensive destruction of documents amounting to official censorship that began in the eighteenth century by church officials and even archivists. There was a general shunning of the period that lasted well into the twentieth century, and almost no pertinent documents remains in either the major Moravian archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania or Herrnhut, Germany. A new generation of scholars and historians interested in determining exactly what happened have been able to locate documents in private collections and other sources. An indication of renewed interest in Christian Renatus and what he meant to his time was shown in September, 2008 when a birthday festival was held in his honor in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania based on eighteenth-century sources and sponsored by the Historic Bethlehem Partnership, the Moravian Music Foundation and the Moravian Archives. References External links List articles in German and English regarding the issue of sexuality within the historical Moravian Church. Photographs of Herrnhaag from a 1997 visit. Herrnhaag website in German. Website of Berthelsdorf and the Zinzendorf manor house where Christian Renatus was born. Photographs and map of Herrnhaag. Further reading Schuchard, Marsha Keith (2006) Why Mrs Blake Cried: William Blake and the Erotic Imagination. Century. Fogleman, Aaron Spencer. (2008) Jesus Is Female: Moravians and Radical Religion in Early America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1727 births 1752 deaths 18th-century Christian clergy Christian hymnwriters German people of the Moravian Church People from the Electorate of Saxony Sexuality in Christianity Spiritual teachers

Imperial Count <mask>dorf und Pottendorf (September 19, 1727 - May 28, 1752) was the charismatic leader of the Single Brethren's Choir of the Moravian Church and of Herrnhaag (The Lord’s Grove), a Christian religious community built near Büdingen by his father, Count Nicholas Ludwig, head of the Brüdergemeine or Moravian Unity. <mask>, affectionately known as Christel, took his father’s marriage religion (Ehereligion) literally, proclaiming himself to be the living "Sidewound of Christ" in 1748, which meant he was the embodiment of Christ's sacrificial and compassionate love. The younger Zinzendorf and his co-elder of the Single Brethren, Joachim Rubusch, also proclaimed themselves to be married to the Sidewound. This derived in part from the teaching of Zinzendorf’s father that all souls are female, regardless of gender, so that they may be married to Christ. (This image is derived from the fact that "soul" in German, die Seele, is always a feminine noun. [Cassel'''s German-English Dictionary, entry die Seele.] It was also in 1748 that <mask> declared all Single Brethren to be Sisters and therefore Brides of Christ.The compounding of sexuality and spirituality at Herrnhaag led to virulent attacks from outside and within the church, threatening to undo the goodwill with other denominations that the elder <mask> had sought for decades. He dismissed his son from his positions and brought him to England for the remaining three years of <mask>'s life. After his death, <mask>'s followers in Pennsylvania named a settlement farm after him. Since there was a flowing spring there it was called "Christiansbrunn", Christian's Spring. while church leaders systematically destroyed most of the documents referring to the events at Herrnhaag. Only within the past two decades has a new generation of scholars and historians begun to reexamine that period to determine what happened. Birth and formative years Zinzendorf was born just a month after the spiritual awakening experience on August 13, 1727, that signaled the renewal of the Ancient Unity of Brethren, in which Moravian exiles on the lands of his father committed themselves to a life in Christ.Both his parents were deeply committed to this ideal. His father and his mother, née Countess Erdmuthe Dorothea Reuss-Ebersdorf, came from Pietist families that stressed the indwelling of the spirit. His parents considered their relationship to be a marriage of champions in which the goal was serving Christ. The young Zinzendorf was left in the care of his mother for most of his youth while his father pursued church activities elsewhere. His effeminacy was noted by nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century historians who typically attributed it his being raised in the company of women: "<mask>atus . . . had all the ardor without the virility characteristic of his father." The strong mother/weak or distant father parenting style typically associated with early psychoanalytic attempts to explain homosexuality was also used to further discredit Zinzendorf.As a student, <mask> was known for being frivolous, even bringing a cat to class. At the age of sixteen, he was named vice-elder of the Single Brothers Choir. Moravian communities were dedicated to serving Christ. The traditional family unit was abandoned in order to direct all residents' energies to that goal. Much like the Shakers, Moravian residents lived in groups or choirs according to gender, marital status and age. Christel as Christ's representative Many of Zinzendorf's beliefs and acts were based upon his father's words: "I live no more; he lives in me. I speak no more; he speaks in me.When you speak with me, you speak with him. When you have love for me, so too you have love for him, and when you hate me, so too you hate him, and when you have a word from me, so too you have it from him." Seeing Christ in <mask>'s eyes is a theme from the period in poetry, painting and engraving. An engraving complete with his portrait states that one can see the departed Christ by looking at Christel's forehead, meaning his eyes. A portrait of him now in the Moravian Archives in Herrnhut, Germany, includes the words Gebrochne Augen (broken eyes), again referring to seeing Christ at the moment of death in Christian's eyes, or at the moment of his completed sacrifice. The idea of Christ living in another was not uncommon in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is a fundamental belief shared with the Quakers and Shakers, who also had roots in Pietism and the indwelling of Christ.Leadership and loss of leadership Herrnhaag was a community designed by the elder Zinzendorf, whose inhabitants were to live under the direct rule of Christ with Christian Renatus as his representative. At Herrnhaag, Christel was the link between the spiritual and the earthly as the spirit took human form. During the 1748 Single Brothers Festival at Herrnhaag, Christel and his assistants entered wearing white robes, implying it was Christ who was actually entering. Later that day, Christel and twelve assistants led Communion, further representing Christ and the apostles. During the service, those in attendance believed that the Sidewound of Christ was literally standing before them in the bodily forms of Christel and Rubusch, his co-leader of the brothers. Christel sang a welcoming hymn for Christ entering the hall, and while kissing, the brothers believed they were literally kissing the Sidewound. The combination of sexuality and spirituality shown at Herrnhaag was not unknown in Christian history, but it caused increasing scandal both within and without the church, particularly embarrassing for Nicholas, "who was trying to be recognized as a rightful theologian after joining the confession of Augsburg" in 1748.Even Christel’s mother was concerned, realizing the events taking place at Herrnhaag and its nearby sister community of Marienborn were at the edge where metaphor and reality meet. Referring to a plowshare that can be raised and lowered, she later wrote to her son that "I sometimes said we have already put the peg in the last hole. If we wanted to remain in the world, the Savior would have to make three or four holes further back and lower down." In addition to increasingly embarrassing scandal and rumor, the cost of sustaining Herrnhaag and its numerous festivals put a severe financial strain on the church at a time when its missionary efforts were expanding around the world. Events reached such a point that Christel’s father denounced what was happening at Herrnhaag and ordered Christel to attend him in England. "When the twenty-two-year-old returned to Herrnhaag, he was physically and mentally broken. In August 1750 he founded a Bund auf die Marter Gottes (Covenant on the ordeal of God).During this 'phase of consolation' ordered by his father, he also composed several 'purified' poems." Death and apotheosis Zinzendorf died in a house in Dean's Yard of Westminster Abbey, London, on May 28, 1752, from a hemorrhage due to tuberculosis, with John Nitschmann, his former tutor, beside him. He was buried on the grounds of Lindsey House, "Sharon," the Moravian Graveyard located in Chelsea outside London, where his father lived at that time while directing the worldwide missionary effort of the church. When the Moravian Brethren and Sisters refused to forswear their allegiance to the elder Zinzendorf and sever their connection to the Moravian Church in the 1750s at the insistence of Gustav Friedrich, Count of Isenburg-Büdingen, Herrnhaag was closed and a great number of Moravians came to Bethlehem and Nazareth in Pennsylvania. A farming community had already been established near Nazareth for the Single Brethren named Christiansbrunn'', Christian's Spring. One of the brothers wrote a poem stating that Christel lived again in the Congregation at the spring and that the flowing waters restored him “more and more.” Historical perspective For more than 200 years after his death, Christel was looked upon as a failure by Moravian historians and scholars, who saw him as weak, effeminate, ineffectual and a grave disappointment to his father whose trust he had betrayed. The only way most Moravians of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries knew him was by the inclusion of several of his hymns in various Moravian hymnals, the most famous being “My Redeemer, overwhelmed with anguish, went to Olivet for me.” Indeed, the entire period (approximately 1747-1749) became known as the "Sifting Time" from Luke 22:31: "Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has desired to have you that he may sift you as wheat."<mask> called the ensuing scandal an “unbridled freedom of the flesh.” His representative told the residents at Herrnhaag and its nearby sister community of Marienborn that it was impossible to be "truly unified with our Husband" while living on earth. He further added that the residents had mistaken metaphor for reality and wrongly believed that the brothers were actually sisters. Historians for the next two hundred years accepted this view of events and wrote off what happened as a time of embarrassing excess from which the church was saved only by the timely intervention of Nicholas. Determining exactly what happened was made exceedingly difficult due to extensive destruction of documents amounting to official censorship that began in the eighteenth century by church officials and even archivists. There was a general shunning of the period that lasted well into the twentieth century, and almost no pertinent documents remains in either the major Moravian archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania or Herrnhut, Germany. A new generation of scholars and historians interested in determining exactly what happened have been able to locate documents in private collections and other sources. An indication of renewed interest in <mask> and what he meant to his time was shown in September, 2008 when a birthday festival was held in his honor in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania based on eighteenth-century sources and sponsored by the Historic Bethlehem Partnership, the Moravian Music Foundation and the Moravian Archives.References External links List articles in German and English regarding the issue of sexuality within the historical Moravian Church. Photographs of Herrnhaag from a 1997 visit. Herrnhaag website in German. Website of Berthelsdorf and the Zinzendorf manor house where <mask> was born. Photographs and map of Herrnhaag. Further reading Schuchard, Marsha Keith (2006) Why Mrs Blake Cried: William Blake and the Erotic Imagination. Century.Fogleman, Aaron Spencer. (2008) Jesus Is Female: Moravians and Radical Religion in Early America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1727 births 1752 deaths 18th-century Christian clergy Christian hymnwriters German people of the Moravian Church People from the Electorate of Saxony Sexuality in Christianity Spiritual teachers

The leader of the Single Brethren's Choir of the Moravian Church and of Herrnhaag was an Imperial Count. Christel took his father's marriage religion literally, proclaiming himself to be the "Sidewound of Christ" in 1748. The younger <mask> and his co-elder of the Single Brethren declared themselves to be married to the Sidewound. In order for souls to be married to Christ, they must be female, regardless of gender. The image is derived from the fact that "soul" in German, die Seele, is a feminine word. The German-English Dictionary is entry die Seele. All Single Brethren were declared to be Brides of Christ in 1748.The compounding of sexuality and spirituality at Herrnhaag led to attacks from outside and within the church, threatening to undermine the goodwill with other denominations that the elder Zinzendorf had sought for decades. He brought his son to England after dismissing him from his positions. <mask>'s followers in Pennsylvania named a farm after him. <mask>'s Spring was called "Christiansbrunn" since there was a flowing spring there. The documents referring to the events at Herrnhaag were destroyed by church leaders. Within the past two decades, a new generation of scholars and historians have begun to reexamine that period to determine what happened. The rebirth of the Ancient Unity of Brethren was signaled by the birth and formative years of Zinzendorf, who was born just a month after the spiritual awakening experience on August 13, 1727.His parents were devoted to this ideal. His parents were from a Pietist family that stressed the indwelling of the spirit. The goal of his parents' relationship was to serve Christ. While his father pursued church activities, the young Zinzendorf was left in the care of his mother. His effeminacy was noted by nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century historians who said he was raised in the company of women. The ardor was missing the characteristic of his father. The strong mother/weak or distant father parenting style that was associated with early attempts to explain homosexuality was also used.As a student, <mask> brought a cat to class. He was named vice-elder of the Single Brothers Choir at the age of sixteen. The communities were dedicated to Christ. The traditional family unit was abandoned to make way for a new one. The Moravians lived in groups according to gender, age and marital status. Christel as Christ's representative was based on his father's words, "I live no more; he lives in me." I don't speak anymore; he speaks in me.You speak with him when you speak with me. When you have love for me, and when you hate me, and when you have a word from me, so too you have it from him. The period in poetry, painting and engraving focused on seeing Christ in Christian's eyes. One can see the departed Christ by looking at Christel's forehead, according to an engraving complete with his portrait. There is a portrait of him in the archives that includes the words "broken eyes", which refers to seeing Christ at the moment of death in <mask>'s eyes, or at the moment of his completed sacrifice. In the 17th and 18th century, the idea of Christ living in another was common. The indwelling of Christ is a fundamental belief shared by the Quakers and Shakers.The Herrnhaag community was designed by the elder Zinzendorf, whose inhabitants were to live under the direct rule of Christ with <mask> as his representative. Christel was the link between the spiritual and the earthly. During the Single Brothers Festival at Herrnhaag, Christel and his assistants entered wearing white robes, implying that it was Christ who was actually entering. Christel and twelve assistants led communion later that day. Those in attendance believed that the Sidewound of Christ was standing before them in the bodily forms of Christel and Rubusch, his co-leader of the brothers. Christel sang a welcoming hymn for Christ entering the hall, and while kissing, the brothers believed they were kissing the Sidewound. The combination of sexuality and spirituality shown at Herrnhaag was not unknown in Christian history, but it caused increasing scandal both within and without the church, particularly embarrassing for Nicholas, who was trying to be recognized as a rightful theologian after joining the confession of Augsburg.Christel's mother was concerned that the events taking place at Herrnhaag and its sister community of Marienborn were at the edge where metaphor and reality meet. She mentioned a plowshare that can be raised and lowered in a letter to her son. The Savior would have to make three or four holes further back and lower down if we wanted to stay in the world. The cost of sustaining Herrnhaag and its numerous festivals put a severe financial strain on the church at a time when its missionary efforts were expanding around the world. Christel was ordered to go to England by his father because of the events at Herrnhaag. He was mentally and physically broken when he returned to Herrnhaag. He founded a trust in August of 1750.His father ordered him to compose several "purified" poems. John Nitschmann, his former tutor, was beside him when death and apotheosis Zinzendorf died in a house in Dean's Yard of Westminster Abbey, London, on May 28, 1752. He was buried on the grounds of Lindsey House, where his father lived and directed the worldwide missionary effort of the church. Herrnhaag was closed by the Count of Isenburg-Bdingen due to the refusal of the Moravian Brethren and Sisters to forswear their loyalty to the elder Zinzendorf. Christiansbrunn'', Christian's Spring, is a farming community that was established near Nazareth. For more than 200 years after his death, Christel was looked upon as a failure by historians and scholars. The only way most people knew him was by his famous hymn, "My Redeemer, overwhelmed with anguish, went to Olivet for me."His representative told the residents at Herrnhaag and its sister community of Marienborn that it was impossible to be "truly unified with our Husband" while living on earth. He said that the residents wrongly believed that the brothers were sisters. Historians for the next two hundred years accepted this view of events and wrote off what happened as a time of embarrassing excess from which the church was saved by Nicholas. It was difficult to determine what happened due to the destruction of documents amounting to official censorship that began in the 18th century. There was a general shunning of the period that lasted well into the twentieth century, and almost no relevant documents remain in either the major archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania or Herrnhut, Germany. A new generation of scholars and historians have been able to locate documents in private collections and other sources. An indication of renewed interest in <mask> and what he meant to his time was shown in September, 2008 when a birthday festival was held in his honor in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania based on eighteenth-century sources.There are articles in German and English about sexuality within the historical Moravian Church. Photographs of Herrnhaag were taken in 1997. The Herrnhaag website is in German. The website of the manor house where <mask> was born. There are photographs and a map of Herrnhaag. Schuchard, Marsha Keith, wrote a book called Why Mrs.Blakecried: WilliamBlake and the Erotic Imagination. A century.Fogleman and Spencer. Jesus Is Female is a book about radical religion in early America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. There were births and deaths in the 18th century.

710368

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endy%20Ch%C3%A1vez

Endy Chávez

Endy de Jesus Chávez (; born February 7, 1978), is a Venezuelan former professional baseball outfielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals, Philadelphia Phillies, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, Texas Rangers, and Baltimore Orioles. Chávez is the older brother of Ender Chávez. Career Minor league Chávez made his Minor League Baseball debut in 1997 with the Gulf Coast League Mets, a rookie-level affiliate of the New York Mets. He remained in the Mets organization through 2000, spending time with the Kingsport Mets, Gulf Coast Mets, Capital City Bombers, and St. Lucie Mets. On December 11, 2000, Chávez was claimed by the Kansas City Royals in the 2000 Rule 5 draft. On March 30, 2001, Chávez was returned to the Mets and then traded to the Royals for minor league outfielder Michael Curry. He played for the AA Wichita Wranglers and the AAA Omaha Royals before making his major league debut with the Royals on May 29, 2001. Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals In the winter of 2001, Chávez was waived by the Royals and then claimed and waived by both the Mets and Detroit Tigers before being claimed by the Montreal Expos where he played in 309 games over three years (2002–05) while splitting time at AAA Ottawa and Edmonton. Playing full-time for the Expos in 2003 and 2004, Chávez batted first in the lineup and started in center field, stealing 18 bases in 2003 and 32 in 2004. On October 3, 2004 Chávez recorded the final out in Expos history in their 8–1 loss to the Mets at Shea Stadium. In 2005 Chávez played in only seven games in the majors for the now relocated Washington Nationals before being traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for fellow outfielder Marlon Byrd. During his tenure in Washington, Chávez was given the mocking nickname of "Inning Endy" by Nationals fansites due to his tendency to swing away rather than work the count to his favor which often resulted in groundouts and popups to end the Nationals innings. Philadelphia Phillies Chávez spent the rest of the 2005 season with the Philadelphia Phillies and appeared in 91 games with 107 at bats and hit only .215. At the end of the season, Chávez became a free agent for the first time and signed one year, $500,000 contract with the Mets signed on December 23, 2005. New York Mets During spring training, Mets manager Willie Randolph worked with Chávez to improve his hitting. Chávez's speed and his modified batting style sparked a 90-point jump in his batting average over the previous season (hitting .306 in 353 at bats) as the Mets fourth outfielder (often as an injury replacement for regular left fielder Cliff Floyd). His improved hitting and excellent defensive skills contributed to the Mets winning the National League East. Chávez's signature moment came at Shea Stadium in Game 7 of the 2006 National League Championship Series. In the top of the sixth inning, with the game tied 1–1, Cardinals third baseman Scott Rolen hit a pitch off Mets starter Óliver Pérez. Leaping over the left field wall, Chávez caught the ball with the tip of his glove to rob Rolen of a two-run home run. Chávez then threw to cutoff man second baseman José Valentín, who threw to Carlos Delgado at first base to double off Cardinals center fielder Jim Edmonds for an inning-ending double play. Although the Mets would go on to lose the game and the series, "The Catch" was named the top post-season moment in the 5th annual This Year in Baseball Awards. On July 13, 2007, American International Group (the company whose left field advertisement was where Chávez made the catch) sponsored a special Bobblehead Doll day to commemorate the catch. The Left Field entrance gate of the Mets' current ballpark, Citi Field, features a metal silhouette of a baseball player making a leaping catch similar to the one Chávez made in the 2006 NLCS. Chávez's playing time decreased dramatically in 2007 when he only saw time in 71 games, primarily splitting time with regular left fielder Moisés Alou, due to left hamstring issues which landed him on the disabled list twice. That winter, he reinjured the hamstring and injured his right ankle while playing winter ball in Venezuela for Navegantes del Magallanes. In 2008, Chávez again saw time as the Mets' fourth outfielder and hit .267 in 270 at-bats. On September 28, the final day of the 2008 regular season and the final game at Shea Stadium, the Mets played the Florida Marlins. With an NL wildcard spot at stake for the Mets, Chávez made another terrific catch in the outfield during the top of the seventh inning. After a ball was hit to left field by Jorge Cantú, Chávez made the catch for the final out of the inning. Despite his defensive play, the Mets lost to the Marlins 4-2 and failed to qualify for post-season play. Seattle Mariners On December 11, Chávez was involved in a three-team, 12-player trade in which he was sent, along with pitcher Aaron Heilman and several minor leaguers, to the Seattle Mariners. On June 19, 2009, while trying to catch a pop-up, Chávez collided with shortstop Yuniesky Betancourt and suffered a torn ACL in his right knee which ended his 2009 season. Texas Rangers On February 15, 2010, Chávez agreed to a minor league free agent contract with the Texas Rangers and spent time with the Rangers' Rookie League team, the AA Frisco and AAA Oklahoma City while coming back from his ACL injury. In 2011, he batted .301 with 5 home runs in 256 at-bats and helped the Rangers to the 2011 World Series, which they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games. Baltimore Orioles On December 18, 2011, Chavez signed a one-year, $1.5 million contract with the Baltimore Orioles. Chávez again saw major time on the disabled list (suffering intercostal muscle hamstring injuries) appeared in only 64 games, batting .203 with 12 RBIs and two home runs. On August 4, he was designated for assignment to make room for Nate McLouth and spent the next month with AAA Norfolk. He was recalled by the Orioles in mid-September. Seattle Mariners On December 31, 2012 Chavez signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals, but was released on March 22, 2013. On March 24, Chavez signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners and appeared in 97 games for the Mariners hitting .267. Bridgeport Bluefish On March 8, 2016, Chavez signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish, in the Atlantic League. Chavez was very successful in his first season with the Bluefish, batting .345 and winning the league batting title. Pericos de Puebla On March 9, 2017, Chavez signed with the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released before the start of the 2018 season on January 23, 2018. Somerset Patriots On February 26, 2018, Chavez signed with the Somerset Patriots of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He retired as an active player following the conclusion of the season. Venezuelan Professional Baseball League Chavez has played for 19 seasons in the LVBP (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League), all of them with Navegantes del Magallanes. Post-playing career In February 2019, Chavez returned to the Mets organization and was announced as a new coach for the Brooklyn Cyclones, the team's Class A-Short Season affiliate. For the 2020 season, he will serve as the bench coach of the Class A-Advanced St. Lucie Mets. See also List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela References External links Endy Chávez at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League) 1978 births Living people Arizona League Rangers players Baltimore Orioles players Binghamton Mets players Bowie Baysox players Bridgeport Bluefish players Brooklyn Cyclones coaches Capital City Bombers players Delmarva Shorebirds players Edmonton Trappers players Frisco RoughRiders players Gulf Coast Mets players Gulf Coast Orioles players Kansas City Royals players Kingsport Mets players Major League Baseball center fielders Major League Baseball players from Venezuela Mexican League baseball outfielders Montreal Expos players Navegantes del Magallanes players New York Mets players New Orleans Zephyrs players Norfolk Tides players Oklahoma City RedHawks players Omaha Golden Spikes players Ottawa Lynx players Pericos de Puebla players Philadelphia Phillies players Round Rock Express players Seattle Mariners players Somerset Patriots players Sportspeople from Valencia, Carabobo St. Lucie Mets players Tacoma Rainiers players Texas Rangers players Venezuelan baseball coaches Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Canada Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Mexico Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States Washington Nationals players Wichita Wranglers players World Baseball Classic players of Venezuela 2006 World Baseball Classic players 2009 World Baseball Classic players

<mask> (; born February 7, 1978), is a Venezuelan former professional baseball outfielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals, Philadelphia Phillies, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, Texas Rangers, and Baltimore Orioles. <mask> is the older brother of <mask>. Career Minor league <mask> made his Minor League Baseball debut in 1997 with the Gulf Coast League Mets, a rookie-level affiliate of the New York Mets. He remained in the Mets organization through 2000, spending time with the Kingsport Mets, Gulf Coast Mets, Capital City Bombers, and St. Lucie Mets. On December 11, 2000, <mask> was claimed by the Kansas City Royals in the 2000 Rule 5 draft. On March 30, 2001, <mask> was returned to the Mets and then traded to the Royals for minor league outfielder Michael Curry. He played for the AA Wichita Wranglers and the AAA Omaha Royals before making his major league debut with the Royals on May 29, 2001.Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals In the winter of 2001, <mask> was waived by the Royals and then claimed and waived by both the Mets and Detroit Tigers before being claimed by the Montreal Expos where he played in 309 games over three years (2002–05) while splitting time at AAA Ottawa and Edmonton. Playing full-time for the Expos in 2003 and 2004, <mask> batted first in the lineup and started in center field, stealing 18 bases in 2003 and 32 in 2004. On October 3, 2004 <mask> recorded the final out in Expos history in their 8–1 loss to the Mets at Shea Stadium. In 2005 <mask> played in only seven games in the majors for the now relocated Washington Nationals before being traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for fellow outfielder Marlon Byrd. During his tenure in Washington, <mask> was given the mocking nickname of "Inning Endy" by Nationals fansites due to his tendency to swing away rather than work the count to his favor which often resulted in groundouts and popups to end the Nationals innings. Philadelphia Phillies <mask> spent the rest of the 2005 season with the Philadelphia Phillies and appeared in 91 games with 107 at bats and hit only .215. At the end of the season, <mask> became a free agent for the first time and signed one year, $500,000 contract with the Mets signed on December 23, 2005.New York Mets During spring training, Mets manager Willie Randolph worked with <mask> to improve his hitting. <mask>'s speed and his modified batting style sparked a 90-point jump in his batting average over the previous season (hitting .306 in 353 at bats) as the Mets fourth outfielder (often as an injury replacement for regular left fielder Cliff Floyd). His improved hitting and excellent defensive skills contributed to the Mets winning the National League East. <mask>'s signature moment came at Shea Stadium in Game 7 of the 2006 National League Championship Series. In the top of the sixth inning, with the game tied 1–1, Cardinals third baseman Scott Rolen hit a pitch off Mets starter Óliver Pérez. Leaping over the left field wall, <mask> caught the ball with the tip of his glove to rob Rolen of a two-run home run. <mask> then threw to cutoff man second baseman José Valentín, who threw to Carlos Delgado at first base to double off Cardinals center fielder Jim Edmonds for an inning-ending double play.Although the Mets would go on to lose the game and the series, "The Catch" was named the top post-season moment in the 5th annual This Year in Baseball Awards. On July 13, 2007, American International Group (the company whose left field advertisement was where <mask> made the catch) sponsored a special Bobblehead Doll day to commemorate the catch. The Left Field entrance gate of the Mets' current ballpark, Citi Field, features a metal silhouette of a baseball player making a leaping catch similar to the one <mask> made in the 2006 NLCS. <mask>'s playing time decreased dramatically in 2007 when he only saw time in 71 games, primarily splitting time with regular left fielder Moisés Alou, due to left hamstring issues which landed him on the disabled list twice. That winter, he reinjured the hamstring and injured his right ankle while playing winter ball in Venezuela for Navegantes del Magallanes. In 2008, <mask> again saw time as the Mets' fourth outfielder and hit .267 in 270 at-bats. On September 28, the final day of the 2008 regular season and the final game at Shea Stadium, the Mets played the Florida Marlins.With an NL wildcard spot at stake for the Mets, <mask> made another terrific catch in the outfield during the top of the seventh inning. After a ball was hit to left field by Jorge Cantú, <mask> made the catch for the final out of the inning. Despite his defensive play, the Mets lost to the Marlins 4-2 and failed to qualify for post-season play. Seattle Mariners On December 11, <mask> was involved in a three-team, 12-player trade in which he was sent, along with pitcher Aaron Heilman and several minor leaguers, to the Seattle Mariners. On June 19, 2009, while trying to catch a pop-up, <mask> collided with shortstop Yuniesky Betancourt and suffered a torn ACL in his right knee which ended his 2009 season. Texas Rangers On February 15, 2010, <mask> agreed to a minor league free agent contract with the Texas Rangers and spent time with the Rangers' Rookie League team, the AA Frisco and AAA Oklahoma City while coming back from his ACL injury. In 2011, he batted .301 with 5 home runs in 256 at-bats and helped the Rangers to the 2011 World Series, which they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games.Baltimore Orioles On December 18, 2011, Chavez signed a one-year, $1.5 million contract with the Baltimore Orioles. <mask> again saw major time on the disabled list (suffering intercostal muscle hamstring injuries) appeared in only 64 games, batting .203 with 12 RBIs and two home runs. On August 4, he was designated for assignment to make room for Nate McLouth and spent the next month with AAA Norfolk. He was recalled by the Orioles in mid-September. Seattle Mariners On December 31, 2012 Chavez signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals, but was released on March 22, 2013. On March 24, Chavez signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners and appeared in 97 games for the Mariners hitting .267. Bridgeport Bluefish On March 8, 2016, Chavez signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish, in the Atlantic League.Chavez was very successful in his first season with the Bluefish, batting .345 and winning the league batting title. Pericos de Puebla On March 9, 2017, Chavez signed with the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released before the start of the 2018 season on January 23, 2018. Somerset Patriots On February 26, 2018, Chavez signed with the Somerset Patriots of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He retired as an active player following the conclusion of the season. Venezuelan Professional Baseball League Chavez has played for 19 seasons in the LVBP (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League), all of them with Navegantes del Magallanes. Post-playing career In February 2019, Chavez returned to the Mets organization and was announced as a new coach for the Brooklyn Cyclones, the team's Class A-Short Season affiliate.For the 2020 season, he will serve as the bench coach of the Class A-Advanced St. Lucie Mets. See also List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela References External links <mask> <mask> at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League) 1978 births Living people Arizona League Rangers players Baltimore Orioles players Binghamton Mets players Bowie Baysox players Bridgeport Bluefish players Brooklyn Cyclones coaches Capital City Bombers players Delmarva Shorebirds players Edmonton Trappers players Frisco RoughRiders players Gulf Coast Mets players Gulf Coast Orioles players Kansas City Royals players Kingsport Mets players Major League Baseball center fielders Major League Baseball players from Venezuela Mexican League baseball outfielders Montreal Expos players Navegantes del Magallanes players New York Mets players New Orleans Zephyrs players Norfolk Tides players Oklahoma City RedHawks players Omaha Golden Spikes players Ottawa Lynx players Pericos de Puebla players Philadelphia Phillies players Round Rock Express players Seattle Mariners players Somerset Patriots players Sportspeople from Valencia, Carabobo St. Lucie Mets players Tacoma Rainiers players Texas Rangers players Venezuelan baseball coaches Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Canada Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Mexico Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States Washington Nationals players Wichita Wranglers players World Baseball Classic players of Venezuela 2006 World Baseball Classic players 2009 World Baseball Classic players

<mask> was born on February 7, 1978 and is a former professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball. He is the older brother of Ender. In 1997 he made his Minor League Baseball debut with the Gulf Coast League Mets, an affiliate of the New York Mets. He spent time with the Kingsport Mets, Gulf Coast Mets, Capital City Bombers, and St. Lucie Mets. He was claimed by the Kansas City Royals in the 2000 Rule 5 draft. On March 30, 2001, Michael Curry was traded to the Royals from the Mets. He made his major league debut with the Royals on May 29, 2001.After being cut by the Royals in the winter of 2001, he was claimed by the Montreal Expos and played for them for three years before being claimed by the Washington Nationals. In 2003 and 2004, Chvez stole 18 bases in center field and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The final out was recorded on October 3, 2004, in the 8–1 loss to the Mets. After only seven games in the majors for the Washington Nationals in 2005, Chvez was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for another outfielder. The nickname "Inning Endy" was given to him by the Nationals fans due to his tendency to swing away rather than work the count to his favor which resulted in ground outs and popups. In the rest of the 2005 season, Chvez appeared in 101 games and hit. 215. At the end of the 2005 season, Chvez became a free agent and signed a $500,000 contract with the Mets.Willie Randolph worked with Chvez to improve his hitting. A 90-point jump in his batting average as the Mets fourth outfielder was the result of his speed and modified batting style. The Mets won the National League East because of his improved hitting and defensive skills. Game 7 of the 2006 National League Championship Series was where the signature moment came from. In the top of the sixth, Scott Rolen hit a pitch off Mets starter liver Pérez. He caught the ball with the tip of his glove and robbed Rolen of a two-run home run. Second baseman José Valentn threw to Carlos Delgado at first base for a double play after Chvez threw to cutoff man."The catch" was named the top post-season moment in the 5th annual This Year in Baseball Awards. On July 13, 2007, American International Group sponsored a Bobblehead Doll day to commemorate the catch. The left field entrance gate of the Mets' current ballpark, Citi Field, has a metal silhouette of a baseball player making a leaping catch like the one Chavez made in the 2006 NLCS. When he only saw time in 71 games in 2007, he only saw time with regular left fielder Moisés Alou, and he was on the disabled list twice. He injured his ankle while playing winter ball in Venezuela for Nates del Magallanes. In 2008, the Mets' fourth outfielder hit.300 in 270 at-bats. On September 28, the final day of the 2008 regular season, the Mets played the Florida Marlins.In the top of the seventh, with the Mets needing a win to make the playoffs, Chvez made a great catch in the left field corner. After a ball was hit to left field, Chvez made the catch for the final out. The Mets failed to qualify for post-season play despite his defensive play. A three-team, 12-player trade in which he was sent, along with pitcher Aaron Heilman and several minor leaguers, to the Seattle Mariners took place on December 11. On June 19, 2009, when he was trying to catch a pop-up, he tore his right knee and ended his season. He signed a minor league free agent contract with the Texas Rangers on February 15, 2010 and spent time with the Rangers' rookies, the AA Frisco and Oklahoma City, while coming back from his knee injury. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217Chavez signed a one-year contract with the Baltimore Orioles. He was on the disabled list for 64 games, batting.203 with 12 RBIs and two home runs. He was assigned to Norfolk on August 4 to make room for McLouth. He was recalled by the Orioles in September. Chavez signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals on December 31, 2012 but was released on March 22, 2013. On March 24, Chavez signed a minor league contract with Seattle and appeared in 97 games. Chavez signed with the Bluefish in the Atlantic League.In his first season with the Bluefish, Chavez won the league batting title with a.345 batting average. Chavez signed with the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released before the start of the season. Chavez was a member of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He retired as a player after the season ended. Chavez has played for 19 seasons in the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League, all of them with Navegantes del Magallanes. Chavez returned to the Mets organization and was announced as a new coach for the Brooklyn Cyclones, the team's Class A- Short Season affiliate.He will be the bench coach of the Mets in 2020. There is a list of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela.

23954193

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Jung

Jessica Jung

Jessica Jung (born Jessica Sooyoun Jung; April 18, 1989), also known by the mononym Jessica, is a Korean-American singer, songwriter, actress, novelist, and businesswoman known for her work as a former member of South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. As an actress, Jung portrayed Elle Woods in the Korean version of the musical Legally Blonde in 2010 and played a role in the television drama Wild Romance in 2012. In early 2014, she established a fashion brand, Blanc & Eclare. Later that year, she was dismissed from Girls' Generation due to conflicts between the group's schedule and her own business activities. Following the dismissal, Jessica ended her contract with SM Entertainment and signed with Coridel Entertainment in 2016, prior to the release of her debut solo album With Love, J. In May 2018, Jessica signed a contract with United Talent Agency. Her debut best-selling novel Shine was released in September 2020. Early life Jessica Jung was born in San Francisco. While on vacation in South Korea, she and her sister, Krystal, were spotted in a shopping mall by a member of SM Entertainment; she later joined the company in 2000. She spent seven years as a trainee before debuting as part of the Korean girl group Girls' Generation. Jessica attended Korea Kent Foreign School during her teenage years. Career 2007–2014: Girls' Generation and solo activities Jessica was the first member of what would become Girls' Generation to sign with SM Entertainment in 2000. In 2007, she was chosen as a member of the nine-member girl group that debuted on August 5, 2007. In addition to her group activities, Jessica released two singles with Seohyun and Tiffany: "Love Hate" (, lit. Bad Older Brother) and "Mabinogi (It's Fantastic!)". Jessica collaborated with 8Eight for the song "I Love You" from their second album, Infinity, which was released on March 3, 2008. Though she was the one singing the harmony and adlibs, she is not seen in the music video. In addition, she had various duets — one with Shinee member, Onew, called "One Year Later", and one with Park Myung-soo, "Naengmyeon". She sang the "Seoul Song" with Super Junior's Leeteuk, Sungmin, Donghae, Siwon, Ryeowook and Kyuhyun and fellow group members Taeyeon, Sunny, Sooyoung and Seohyun. Jessica made her musical theatre debut in the South Korean production of Legally Blonde, alongside Lee Ha-nui and Kim Ji-woo; the production opened on November 14, 2009. The same year, she took a special part on the show Infinity Challenge for their summer special, in which she was chosen to sing a duet entitled "Naengmyun" with Park Myung-soo, one of the MCs. In March 2010, she had a cameo role on SBS' Oh! My Lady. In May 2010, Jessica became a regular guest on the show Happy Birthday until she withdrew on June 7, 2010, due to Girls' Generation's overseas activities. She was also a regular guest on the show Star King with fellow member Yuri. Jessica released a digital single titled "Sweet Delight" on October 13, 2010. In 2011, Jessica participated on the soundtrack of the KBS drama Romance Town with the song "Because Tears Are Overflowing" (). Jessica made her acting debut in Wild Romance in 2012. In the same year, Jessica returned to musical theatre once again with Legally Blonde, alongside Jung Eun-ji and Choi Woori. Her first performance was on November 28. In the same year, Jessica sang "What To Do" (featuring Kim Jin-pyo) for the drama Wild Romance, "Butterfly" (featuring Krystal) for To The Beautiful You, "Heart Road" for The King's Dream, as well as "My Lifestyle", a Hyundai i30's commercial song. In 2013, she had "The One Like You" for Dating Agency: Cyrano. In 2014, Jessica released "Say Yes"' for the Make Your Move soundtrack, featuring her sister, Krystal, and Exo's former member, Kris. In August, Jung launched her own fashion line, Blanc, which was later renamed Blanc & Eclare. There are now sixty stores located around the world. Jessica and her sister Krystal starred in their own reality television show Jessica & Krystal. It premiered on June 3 and consisted of ten episodes. On September 30, 2014, Jessica announced on her personal Weibo account that she had been "forced out" of the group. SM Entertainment later confirmed this, stating that Jung would no longer be a member of Girls' Generation. The company also stated that Girls' Generation would continue to promote with eight members while it would still manage her solo activities. Jessica also released a statement of her own through her fashion company, Blanc Group, explaining that she had been asked to leave Girls' Generation by the agency and the other members of the group. Jessica's final song with Girls' Generation was "Divine", which was included in the repackaged version of their Japanese greatest hits album, The Best. 2015–2016: Acting and solo debut In 2015, Jessica was confirmed to be the female lead in the Chinese romantic comedy film titled I Love That Crazy Little Thing, alongside William Chan and Nicholas Tse. The film was released in August 2016, and Jessica collaborated with Chan on the theme song "Love! Love! Aloha!". On August 6, 2015, SM Entertainment released an official statement stating that the company and the former member of Girls' Generation had officially parted ways. The following year, Jessica was confirmed to be the female lead in the autobiographical film about Stephon Marbury titled My Other Home, alongside Marbury himself. She was also cast in the short action comedy Two Bellmen Three alongside Ki Hong Lee. She took a part in Chinese sport's variety show YES! Coach as well, where she participated in a swimming competition after being trained by professional swimmer Sun Yang. Jessica then became the main host of the beauty show Beauty Bible, alongside Kim Jae-kyung. In February 2016, Jessica announced that her first solo album would be released under her new agency, Coridel Entertainment. In April 2016, representatives announced that Jung would release her first album in May. On April 30, Coridel Entertainment released the track list which included the title track "Fly" featuring Fabolous. Jung wrote and composed four of the six tracks. The name of the extended play was revealed to be With Love, J, and was released on May 17, 2016, along with the lead single, "Fly". The music video for "Fly" amassed over 2 million views within 24 hours of its release. A video for the second single, "Love Me the Same," was released the following day on May 18, 2016. With Love, J topped eight music charts, and also ranked first on the Hanteo Weekly Chart and Gaon Weekly Album Chart. The English-language version of the EP, released on May 27, features five of the original six tracks. The same year, Jung held an Asian fan-meet tour which commenced in Seoul on June 1, continuing on to other countries such as Thailand, Taiwan, and Japan. The tour ended on November 5 in Shanghai. Further shows scheduled to take place in Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam were cancelled due to health problems and concerns of overwork for Jessica before the release of her next album. In December, Jung made a comeback with a Christmas EP called Wonderland, composed of six songs, four of which she took part in writing. The album, and its eponymous title track, was released on December 10. It also has an English-language version, with four of the six original Korean tracks. 2017–present: My Decade and debut novel On April 14, 2017, Coridel Entertainment released a series of teaser pictures confirming that Jessica was set to make her first comeback of the year with a digital single titled "Because It's Spring", on April 18, 2017. In the same month, Forbes included Jessica in their 30 Under 30 Asia 2017 list which comprises 30 influential people under 30 years old who have made substantial effect in their fields. "Because It's Spring" was later included on her third EP My Decade, released on August 9, 2017 to celebrate her 10th anniversary since debut. Jessica took part in writing five of the six songs on the album. The lead single "Summer Storm" and its music video were released on the same day. In July 2017, Jung embarked on her first mini-concert tour titled "On Cloud Nine". The tour's first show was in Taipei, taking place on July 29, 2017. Jung also held shows in Seoul, Osaka, Tokyo, and Bangkok as part of the tour. A show scheduled to take place in Hong Kong on October 15, 2017 was cancelled due to Typhoon Khanun affecting the area. The final show of "On Cloud Nine" took place in Macau on March 3, 2018. In May 2018, it was revealed that Jessica had signed with United Talent Agency. The agency will represent her in North America for music, film, television and endorsements. In October, Jung held a second mini-concert in Taiwan titled "Golden Night". On December 14, Jessica released a Christmas single titled "One More Christmas" in collaboration with South Korean makeup brand Amuse Cosmetics. In June 2019, Jessica and Krystal filmed their second reality show in the United States. Jessica's single, "Call Me Before You Sleep" was digitally released on September 26 and features rapper Giriboy in the Korean version. The Japanese version was physically released on October 9 and featured Sandaime J Soul Brothers' CrazyBoy. The song was produced by Cha Cha Malone. She held a fan-meet in Japan, XOXO Jessica Jung Fan Meeting, on October 2, with girl group GWSN appearing as the opening act. Further shows were held in Taiwan and Thailand, on October 19 and 27 respectively. In the same month, it was announced that Jung would publish her debut novel, Shine, in fall 2020 as part of a two-book deal with Simon Pulse, an imprint of Simon & Schuster. Glasstown Entertainment sold the novel to eleven foreign countries, and is developing a film adaptation produced by Matthew Kaplan of ACE Entertainment. Shine, released on September 30, 2020, debuted at number five on The New York Times Best Seller list for Young Adult Hardcover in the issue dated October 18. Other ventures Endorsements Jessica has also endorsed a number of brands of various products. Besides her endorsements with Girls' Generation, she also became a model for Chinese sports brand Li-Ning and South Korean bag brand Lapalette with her sister Krystal in 2014. On April 30, 2020, Jung was announced as the new global ambassador for Revlon. Business Jessica's first restaurant named Clareau opened on January 19, 2021 at Blanc & Eclare flagship store building in Cheongdam-dong, Seoul. Personal life During a mini concert at Taiwan in July 2017, Jung revealed that her birth name, as on her passport, is "Jessica Jung", whereas her Korean name "Soo-yeon" was only obtained on a later date due to necessity. She describes herself as "Christian curious" and goes to church. Discography Extended plays With Love, J (2016) Wonderland (2016) My Decade (2017) Filmography Film Television series Television shows Musical Awards and nominations References External links Jessica Jung at Coridel Entertainment 1989 births Living people Actresses from San Francisco American chief executives of fashion industry companies American dance musicians American expatriates in South Korea American fashion businesspeople American fashion designers American musicians of Korean descent American musical theatre actresses American people of South Korean descent American retail chief executives American television actresses American women company founders American company founders Businesspeople from San Francisco Girls' Generation members Japanese-language singers of South Korea Korean-language singers of the United States Mandarin-language singers of South Korea K-pop singers Singers from San Francisco SM Entertainment artists South Korean female idols South Korean film actresses South Korean television actresses South Korean women pop singers American women chief executives Forbes 30 Under 30 recipients American women fashion designers

<mask> (born <mask>; April 18, 1989), also known by the mononym <mask>, is a Korean-American singer, songwriter, actress, novelist, and businesswoman known for her work as a former member of South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. As an actress, <mask> portrayed Elle Woods in the Korean version of the musical Legally Blonde in 2010 and played a role in the television drama Wild Romance in 2012. In early 2014, she established a fashion brand, Blanc & Eclare. Later that year, she was dismissed from Girls' Generation due to conflicts between the group's schedule and her own business activities. Following the dismissal, <mask> ended her contract with SM Entertainment and signed with Coridel Entertainment in 2016, prior to the release of her debut solo album With Love, J. In May 2018, <mask> signed a contract with United Talent Agency. Her debut best-selling novel Shine was released in September 2020.Early life <mask> was born in San Francisco. While on vacation in South Korea, she and her sister, Krystal, were spotted in a shopping mall by a member of SM Entertainment; she later joined the company in 2000. She spent seven years as a trainee before debuting as part of the Korean girl group Girls' Generation. <mask> attended Korea Kent Foreign School during her teenage years. Career 2007–2014: Girls' Generation and solo activities <mask> was the first member of what would become Girls' Generation to sign with SM Entertainment in 2000. In 2007, she was chosen as a member of the nine-member girl group that debuted on August 5, 2007. In addition to her group activities, <mask> released two singles with Seohyun and Tiffany: "Love Hate" (, lit.Bad Older Brother) and "Mabinogi (It's Fantastic!)". <mask> collaborated with 8Eight for the song "I Love You" from their second album, Infinity, which was released on March 3, 2008. Though she was the one singing the harmony and adlibs, she is not seen in the music video. In addition, she had various duets — one with Shinee member, Onew, called "One Year Later", and one with Park Myung-soo, "Naengmyeon". She sang the "Seoul Song" with Super Junior's Leeteuk, Sungmin, Donghae, Siwon, Ryeowook and Kyuhyun and fellow group members Taeyeon, Sunny, Sooyoung and Seohyun. <mask> made her musical theatre debut in the South Korean production of Legally Blonde, alongside Lee Ha-nui and Kim Ji-woo; the production opened on November 14, 2009. The same year, she took a special part on the show Infinity Challenge for their summer special, in which she was chosen to sing a duet entitled "Naengmyun" with Park Myung-soo, one of the MCs.In March 2010, she had a cameo role on SBS' Oh! My Lady. In May 2010, <mask> became a regular guest on the show Happy Birthday until she withdrew on June 7, 2010, due to Girls' Generation's overseas activities. She was also a regular guest on the show Star King with fellow member Yuri. <mask> released a digital single titled "Sweet Delight" on October 13, 2010. In 2011, <mask> participated on the soundtrack of the KBS drama Romance Town with the song "Because Tears Are Overflowing" (). <mask> made her acting debut in Wild Romance in 2012.In the same year, <mask> returned to musical theatre once again with Legally Blonde, alongside <mask>-ji and Choi Woori. Her first performance was on November 28. In the same year, <mask> sang "What To Do" (featuring Kim Jin-pyo) for the drama Wild Romance, "Butterfly" (featuring Krystal) for To The Beautiful You, "Heart Road" for The King's Dream, as well as "My Lifestyle", a Hyundai i30's commercial song. In 2013, she had "The One Like You" for Dating Agency: Cyrano. In 2014, <mask> released "Say Yes"' for the Make Your Move soundtrack, featuring her sister, Krystal, and Exo's former member, Kris. In August, <mask> launched her own fashion line, Blanc, which was later renamed Blanc & Eclare. There are now sixty stores located around the world.<mask> and her sister Krystal starred in their own reality television show Jessica & Krystal. It premiered on June 3 and consisted of ten episodes. On September 30, 2014, <mask> announced on her personal Weibo account that she had been "forced out" of the group. SM Entertainment later confirmed this, stating that <mask> would no longer be a member of Girls' Generation. The company also stated that Girls' Generation would continue to promote with eight members while it would still manage her solo activities. <mask> also released a statement of her own through her fashion company, Blanc Group, explaining that she had been asked to leave Girls' Generation by the agency and the other members of the group. <mask>'s final song with Girls' Generation was "Divine", which was included in the repackaged version of their Japanese greatest hits album, The Best.2015–2016: Acting and solo debut In 2015, <mask> was confirmed to be the female lead in the Chinese romantic comedy film titled I Love That Crazy Little Thing, alongside William Chan and Nicholas Tse. The film was released in August 2016, and <mask> collaborated with Chan on the theme song "Love! Love! Aloha!". On August 6, 2015, SM Entertainment released an official statement stating that the company and the former member of Girls' Generation had officially parted ways. The following year, <mask> was confirmed to be the female lead in the autobiographical film about Stephon Marbury titled My Other Home, alongside Marbury himself. She was also cast in the short action comedy Two Bellmen Three alongside Ki Hong Lee.She took a part in Chinese sport's variety show YES! Coach as well, where she participated in a swimming competition after being trained by professional swimmer Sun Yang. <mask> then became the main host of the beauty show Beauty Bible, alongside Kim Jae-kyung. In February 2016, <mask> announced that her first solo album would be released under her new agency, Coridel Entertainment. In April 2016, representatives announced that <mask> would release her first album in May. On April 30, Coridel Entertainment released the track list which included the title track "Fly" featuring Fabolous. <mask> wrote and composed four of the six tracks.The name of the extended play was revealed to be With Love, J, and was released on May 17, 2016, along with the lead single, "Fly". The music video for "Fly" amassed over 2 million views within 24 hours of its release. A video for the second single, "Love Me the Same," was released the following day on May 18, 2016. With Love, J topped eight music charts, and also ranked first on the Hanteo Weekly Chart and Gaon Weekly Album Chart. The English-language version of the EP, released on May 27, features five of the original six tracks. The same year, <mask> held an Asian fan-meet tour which commenced in Seoul on June 1, continuing on to other countries such as Thailand, Taiwan, and Japan. The tour ended on November 5 in Shanghai.Further shows scheduled to take place in Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam were cancelled due to health problems and concerns of overwork for <mask> before the release of her next album. In December, <mask> made a comeback with a Christmas EP called Wonderland, composed of six songs, four of which she took part in writing. The album, and its eponymous title track, was released on December 10. It also has an English-language version, with four of the six original Korean tracks. 2017–present: My Decade and debut novel On April 14, 2017, Coridel Entertainment released a series of teaser pictures confirming that <mask> was set to make her first comeback of the year with a digital single titled "Because It's Spring", on April 18, 2017. In the same month, Forbes included <mask> in their 30 Under 30 Asia 2017 list which comprises 30 influential people under 30 years old who have made substantial effect in their fields. "Because It's Spring" was later included on her third EP My Decade, released on August 9, 2017 to celebrate her 10th anniversary since debut.<mask> took part in writing five of the six songs on the album. The lead single "Summer Storm" and its music video were released on the same day. In July 2017, <mask> embarked on her first mini-concert tour titled "On Cloud Nine". The tour's first show was in Taipei, taking place on July 29, 2017. <mask> also held shows in Seoul, Osaka, Tokyo, and Bangkok as part of the tour. A show scheduled to take place in Hong Kong on October 15, 2017 was cancelled due to Typhoon Khanun affecting the area. The final show of "On Cloud Nine" took place in Macau on March 3, 2018.In May 2018, it was revealed that <mask> had signed with United Talent Agency. The agency will represent her in North America for music, film, television and endorsements. In October, <mask> held a second mini-concert in Taiwan titled "Golden Night". On December 14, <mask> released a Christmas single titled "One More Christmas" in collaboration with South Korean makeup brand Amuse Cosmetics. In June 2019, <mask> and Krystal filmed their second reality show in the United States. <mask>'s single, "Call Me Before You Sleep" was digitally released on September 26 and features rapper Giriboy in the Korean version. The Japanese version was physically released on October 9 and featured Sandaime J Soul Brothers' CrazyBoy.The song was produced by Cha Cha Malone. She held a fan-meet in Japan, XOXO <mask> Fan Meeting, on October 2, with girl group GWSN appearing as the opening act. Further shows were held in Taiwan and Thailand, on October 19 and 27 respectively. In the same month, it was announced that <mask> would publish her debut novel, Shine, in fall 2020 as part of a two-book deal with Simon Pulse, an imprint of Simon & Schuster. Glasstown Entertainment sold the novel to eleven foreign countries, and is developing a film adaptation produced by Matthew Kaplan of ACE Entertainment. Shine, released on September 30, 2020, debuted at number five on The New York Times Best Seller list for Young Adult Hardcover in the issue dated October 18. Other ventures Endorsements <mask> has also endorsed a number of brands of various products.Besides her endorsements with Girls' Generation, she also became a model for Chinese sports brand Li-Ning and South Korean bag brand Lapalette with her sister Krystal in 2014. On April 30, 2020, <mask> was announced as the new global ambassador for Revlon. Business Jessica's first restaurant named Clareau opened on January 19, 2021 at Blanc & Eclare flagship store building in Cheongdam-dong, Seoul. Personal life During a mini concert at Taiwan in July 2017, <mask> revealed that her birth name, as on her passport, is "<mask>", whereas her Korean name "Soo-yeon" was only obtained on a later date due to necessity. She describes herself as "Christian curious" and goes to church. Discography Extended plays With Love, J (2016) Wonderland (2016) My Decade (2017) Filmography Film Television series Television shows Musical Awards and nominations References External links <mask> at Coridel Entertainment 1989 births Living people Actresses from San Francisco American chief executives of fashion industry companies American dance musicians American expatriates in South Korea American fashion businesspeople American fashion designers American musicians of Korean descent American musical theatre actresses American people of South Korean descent American retail chief executives American television actresses American women company founders American company founders Businesspeople from San Francisco Girls' Generation members Japanese-language singers of South Korea Korean-language singers of the United States Mandarin-language singers of South Korea K-pop singers Singers from San Francisco SM Entertainment artists South Korean female idols South Korean film actresses South Korean television actresses South Korean women pop singers American women chief executives Forbes 30 Under 30 recipients American women fashion designers

A former member of Girls' Generation, <mask> is a Korean-American singer, actress, novelist, and businesswoman. In the musical Legally Blonde and in the television drama Wild Romance, <mask> played roles she had previously played as an actress. Blanc & Eclare is a fashion brand. Conflicts between the group's schedule and her own business activities led to her dismissal from Girls' Generation. Prior to the release of her debut solo album With Love, J., <mask> ended her contract with SM Entertainment and signed with Coridel Entertainment. <mask> signed a contract with a talent agency. Shine was her first best-selling novel.<mask> was born in San Francisco. She joined SM Entertainment in 2000 after she and her sister were spotted in a shopping mall by a member of the company. She was a member of the Korean girl group Girls' Generation. <mask> was a student at Korea Kent Foreign School. In 2000 <mask> was the first member of Girls' Generation to sign with SM Entertainment. On August 5, 2007, she was chosen as a member of the nine-member girl group. "Love Hate" is one of the two singles <mask> released with Tiffany.There is a bad older brother. <mask> collaborated with 8Eight for a song on their second album, "I Love You." She was the one singing the harmony and adlibs, but not in the music video. She had duets with Onew and Park Myung-soo. She sang the "Seoul Song" with the other members of the group. The musical theatre debut of <mask> was in the South Korean production of Legally Blonde. She was chosen to sing a duet with Park Myung-soo, one of the MCs, on the summer special of the show.She had a small part in Oh! in March 2010. My lady. On June 7, 2010, <mask> withdrew from Happy Birthday due to Girls' Generation's overseas activities. She was a regular guest on the show. On October 13, 2010, <mask> released a digital single. <mask> was on the soundtrack of Romance Town in 2011. In Wild Romance, <mask> made her acting debut.<mask> and <mask>-ji reprised their roles in Legally Blonde in the same year. Her first performance was on November 28. "What To Do", "Butterfly", "To The Beautiful You", and "Heart Road" were all sung by <mask> in the same year. She had a song called "The One Like You" for the Dating Agency: Cyrano. "Say Yes" was released by <mask> for the Make Your Move soundtrack. Blanc was renamed Blanc & Eclare after <mask> launched her own fashion line. Sixty stores are located around the world.The sisters starred in their own reality show. There were ten episodes that aired on June 3. <mask> announced on her personal Weibo account that she had been forced out of the group. SM Entertainment said that <mask> would no longer be a member of Girls' Generation. Girls' Generation would continue to promote with eight members, while it would still manage her solo activities according to the company. <mask> stated in her statement that she was asked to leave Girls' Generation by the agency and other members of the group. "Divine" was included in the Japanese version of Girls' Generation's greatest hits album, The Best.In 2015, <mask> was confirmed to be the female lead in a Chinese romantic comedy film called I Love That Crazy Little Thing. The theme song for the film was written by <mask> and Chan. Love! "Aloha!" SM Entertainment released an official statement stating that the company and the former member of Girls' Generation had officially parted ways. <mask> was confirmed to be the female lead in the autobiographical film about Marbury titled My Other Home. She was cast in Two Bellmen Three with Ki Hong Lee.She was on a Chinese sport's variety show. She participated in a swimming competition after being trained by a professional swimmer. The beauty show Beauty Bible was hosted by <mask> and Kim. <mask>'s first solo album would be released under her new agency, Coridel Entertainment. <mask>'s first album would be released in May. On April 30, Coridel Entertainment released a track list with the title track "Fly" featuring Fabolous. Four of the six tracks were composed by <mask>.The lead single, "Fly", was released on May 17, 2016 along with the name of the extended play, With Love, J. Within 24 hours of its release, the music video for "Fly" had 2 million views. On May 18, 2016 a video for the second single, "Love Me the Same," was released. J ranked first on the Hanteo Weekly Chart and Gaon Weekly Album Chart with With Love. The English-language version has five of the original six tracks. The same year, <mask> held an Asian fan-meet tour in which he traveled to other countries such as Thailand, Taiwan, and Japan. The tour ended in China.Concerns of overwork for <mask> before the release of her next album led to the cancellation of further shows in Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam. <mask> made a comeback in December with a Christmas EP called "Wonderland", composed of six songs, four of which she took part in writing. The title track was released on December 10. Four of the original Korean tracks are in the English-language version. <mask> was going to make her first comeback of the year with a digital single titled "Because It's Spring" on April 18, according to a series of pictures released by Coridel Entertainment. Forbes included <mask> in their 30 Under 30 Asia list which is made up of 30 influential people under the age of 30. "Because It's Spring" was included on her third EP, My Decade, to celebrate her 10th anniversary since her debut.Five of the six songs on the album were written by <mask>. "Summer Storm" and its music video were released on the same day. "On Cloud Nine" was <mask>'s first mini-concert tour. The tour's first show was in Taiwan. As part of the tour, <mask> held shows in Osaka, Tokyo, and Bangkok. The show was supposed to take place in Hong Kong on October 15, but was canceled due to the typhoon. The final show of "On Cloud Nine" took place in Macau.In May of last year, it was revealed that <mask> had signed with a talent agency. She will be represented in North America by the agency. The second mini-concert was held in Taiwan. On December 14, <mask> released a Christmas single titled "One More Christmas" in collaboration with South Korean makeup brand Amuse Cosmetics. Their second reality show was filmed in the United States. The Korean version of <mask>'s single "Call Me Before You Sleep" features rapper Giriboy. The Japanese version of CrazyBoy was released on October 9.Cha Cha Malone produced the song. The opening act of the Jessica Jung Fan Meeting in Japan was a girl group. The shows were held in Taiwan and Thailand. <mask>'s debut novel, Shine, will be published in fall 2020 as part of a two-book deal with Simon & Schuster. Matthew Kaplan of ACE Entertainment is producing a film adaptation of the novel that Glasstown Entertainment sold to eleven foreign countries. The New York Times Best Seller list for Young Adult Hardcover was published in the issue dated October 18. <mask> has endorsed a number of brands.She became a model for Chinese sports brand Li-Ning and South Korean bag brand Lapalette, as well as endorsements with Girls' Generation. On April 30, 2020, <mask> was announced as the new global ambassador. On January 19, 2021, <mask>'s first restaurant, named Clareau, opened at the Blanc & Eclare flagship store building in South Korea. During a concert in Taiwan in July of last year, <mask> revealed that her birth name is "<mask>", whereas her Korean name is "Soo-yeon". She goes to church and describes herself as Christian curious. Discography extended plays With Love, J and My Decade.

984709

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20La%20Trobe

Charles La Trobe

Charles Joseph La Trobe, CB (20 March 18014 December 1875), commonly Latrobe, was appointed in 1839 superintendent of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales and, after the establishment in 1851 of the colony of Victoria (now a state of Australia), he became its first lieutenant-governor. La Trobe was a strong supporter of religious, cultural and educational institutions. During his time as superintendent and lieutenant-governor he oversaw the establishment of the Botanic Gardens, and provided leadership and support to the formation of entities such as the Mechanic's Institute, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, the Royal Philharmonic, the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the University of Melbourne. La Trobe was the nephew of British architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Early life Charles La Trobe was born in London, the son of Christian Ignatius Latrobe, a leader of the Moravian Church, from a family of French Huguenot descent, whose mother was a member of the Moravian Church born in the United States. He was educated in England and later spent time in Switzerland and was active in mountaineering; he made a number of ascents in the Alps 1824–26. La Trobe wrote several travel books describing his experiences: The Alpenstock: Or Sketches of Swiss Scenery and Manners (1829) and The Pedestrian: A Summer's Ramble in the Tyrol (1832). In 1832, he visited the United States along with Count Albert Pourtales and, in 1834, travelled from New Orleans to Mexico with Washington Irving. He then wrote The Rambler in North America (1835) and The Rambler in Mexico (1836). On 16 September 1835, he married Sophie de Montmollin (1809–1854) in Berne, Switzerland. Their first child, Agnes Louisa de La Trobe, was born in Switzerland on 2 April 1837. Lieutenant-governor In 1837, La Trobe was entrusted with a government commission in the West Indies and reported on the future education of the recently emancipated slaves. On 4 February 1839, he was appointed superintendent of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales, even though he had little managerial and administrative experience. With his wife and 2-year-old daughter, La Trobe sailed into Sydney on 26 July 1839, for training on procedures. The La Trobes went on to Melbourne on 1 October. At auction, La Trobe bought of land on the fringe of the city, in what is now called Jolimont, at the upset price of £20 an acre, Melbourne residents having agreed among themselves not to bid against the superintendent. Governor George Gipps was disturbed when he heard about it, but La Trobe convinced him that he had acted innocently. On that land, La Trobe erected his home, which he had transported from London in sections, and which is preserved as LaTrobe's Cottage. Melbourne had a population of around 3,000 at the time and was rapidly expanding. La Trobe commenced works to improve sanitation and streets. As the Port Phillip District was a dependency of New South Wales, all land sales, building plans and officer appointments had to be approved by Gipps, with whom La Trobe had a good personal and working relationship. A Separation Association had been formed in 1840, with the aim of making the Port Phillip District a separate colony. In 1841, La Trobe wrote to Gipps, asking him to visit Melbourne to form his own opinion on the separation question. La Trobe did not actively campaign for separation, being content that Earl Grey had included separation in the reorganisation plan for the colonies. La Trobe also acted as lieutenant-governor of Van Diemen's Land for four months in 1846–47. In July 1851, the Port Phillip achieved separation from New South Wales, becoming the colony of Victoria, and La Trobe became lieutenant-governor – a position he held until 1854. Soon after separation, gold was discovered at several locations in Victoria. La Trobe suddenly had to deal with the mass exodus of the population of Melbourne to the gold fields, as well as the later arrival of thousands of immigrants from other Australian colonies and overseas. He was commonly referred to as "Charley Joe", and by extension, any government officials or policemen were called "joes". Having tried, with varying degrees of success, to cope with the enormous population and economic expansion of the new colony, La Trobe, who suffered self-doubt and criticism due to his inexperience, submitted his resignation in December 1852, but had to wait until a replacement, Charles Hotham, could take his place. After Victoria Towards the end of his governorship, La Trobe's wife, Sophie, became ill and returned to Europe with their four children. She died on 30 January 1854. On his return to Europe after his term, La Trobe married Sophie's sister, Rose Isabelle de Meuron (1821–1883) in 1855, a marriage which was illegal in English law, being considered incestuous at the time. (See Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act 1907.) The couple had two daughters (born 1856 and 1859) in Switzerland and moved to England in 1861. La Trobe did not receive any further British government appointments. His eyesight was increasingly deteriorating, and he was completely blind for the last years of his life. He died in 1875. Geelong keys La Trobe is also linked to the discovery of a minor piece of evidence suggesting early European exploration of Australia. In 1847, at Limeburners' Point near Geelong, Victoria, Charles La Trobe, a keen amateur geologist, was examining the shells from a lime kiln when a worker showed him a set of five keys that he claimed to have found, subsequently named the Geelong Keys. La Trobe concluded that, based on their appearance, the keys were dropped onto the beach around 100 to 150 years beforehand (i.e. between 1700 and 1750). In 1977, Kenneth McIntyre hypothesized they were dropped by Portuguese sailors under the command of Cristóvão de Mendonça. Since the keys have long been lost, their exact origin cannot be verified. However, research by geologist Edmund Gill and historian P.F.B. Alsop showed the deposit they were supposedly found in was 2330–2800 years old, making La Trobe's dating impossible. Legacy Much of Melbourne's substantial inner-ring parks and gardens can be attributed to La Trobe's foresight in reserving this land. Melbourne and Victoria are dotted with things named in honour of La Trobe, including La Trobe Financial in Melbourne's CBD, La Trobe University and Charles La Trobe College in Melbourne's north east, the La Trobe Reading Room at the State Library of Victoria on La Trobe Street in the CBD, the federal electorate of La Trobe in Melbourne's outer east, the Latrobe Valley in southeastern Victoria, Mount LaTrobe in Wilsons Promontory and, in Tasmania, Latrobe and Latrobe Council. There are statues of La Trobe outside the State Library and at La Trobe University's Bundoora campus. The latter statue is notable for initially being upside down appearance, however it is now the right way up. The La Trobe Journal (founded 1968) is published by the State Library of Victoria. It is devoted to Australasia, especially in connection with Victoria. The family motto of La Trobe is used at La Trobe University for their own motto. The motto in English is "whoever seeks shall find". The flowering plant genus Latrobea was named after him. See also History of Melbourne French Australian Latrobe nugget References External links La Trobe Society Charles Joseph La Trobe: A chronology Genealogy of the La Trobe family Governor La Trobe's Instructions, 11 September 1839 La Trobe statue at La Trobe University Bundoora Family tree in Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Estland, Görlitz 1930 Pictures and texts of The Alpenstock, or sketches of Swiss scenery and manners, 1825-1826 by Charles Joseph Latrobe can be found in the database VIATIMAGES. 1801 births 1875 deaths Sportspeople from London English people of American descent Governors of Victoria (Australia) Politicians from Melbourne Burials in Sussex Colony of Victoria people 19th-century Australian politicians Lieutenant-Governors of Victoria 19th-century Australian public servants Settlers of Melbourne English mountain climbers People from Alfriston Latrobe family

<mask>, CB (20 March 18014 December 1875), commonly <mask>, was appointed in 1839 superintendent of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales and, after the establishment in 1851 of the colony of Victoria (now a state of Australia), he became its first lieutenant-governor. <mask>robe was a strong supporter of religious, cultural and educational institutions. During his time as superintendent and lieutenant-governor he oversaw the establishment of the Botanic Gardens, and provided leadership and support to the formation of entities such as the Mechanic's Institute, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, the Royal Philharmonic, the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the University of Melbourne. <mask>robe was the nephew of British architect <mask>. Early life <mask> was born in London, the son of <mask>, a leader of the Moravian Church, from a family of French Huguenot descent, whose mother was a member of the Moravian Church born in the United States. He was educated in England and later spent time in Switzerland and was active in mountaineering; he made a number of ascents in the Alps 1824–26. <mask>robe wrote several travel books describing his experiences: The Alpenstock: Or Sketches of Swiss Scenery and Manners (1829) and The Pedestrian: A Summer's Ramble in the Tyrol (1832).In 1832, he visited the United States along with Count Albert Pourtales and, in 1834, travelled from New Orleans to Mexico with Washington Irving. He then wrote The Rambler in North America (1835) and The Rambler in Mexico (1836). On 16 September 1835, he married Sophie de Montmollin (1809–1854) in Berne, Switzerland. Their first child, Agnes Louisa <mask> <mask>, was born in Switzerland on 2 April 1837. Lieutenant-governor In 1837, <mask> was entrusted with a government commission in the West Indies and reported on the future education of the recently emancipated slaves. On 4 February 1839, he was appointed superintendent of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales, even though he had little managerial and administrative experience. With his wife and 2-year-old daughter, <mask>robe sailed into Sydney on 26 July 1839, for training on procedures.The <mask> Trobes went on to Melbourne on 1 October. At auction, <mask> Trobe bought of land on the fringe of the city, in what is now called Jolimont, at the upset price of £20 an acre, Melbourne residents having agreed among themselves not to bid against the superintendent. Governor George Gipps was disturbed when he heard about it, but <mask> Trobe convinced him that he had acted innocently. On that land, <mask> Trobe erected his home, which he had transported from London in sections, and which is preserved as <mask>Trobe's Cottage. Melbourne had a population of around 3,000 at the time and was rapidly expanding. La Trobe commenced works to improve sanitation and streets. As the Port Phillip District was a dependency of New South Wales, all land sales, building plans and officer appointments had to be approved by Gipps, with whom <mask> Trobe had a good personal and working relationship.A Separation Association had been formed in 1840, with the aim of making the Port Phillip District a separate colony. In 1841, <mask>, asking him to visit Melbourne to form his own opinion on the separation question. <mask> did not actively campaign for separation, being content that Earl Grey had included separation in the reorganisation plan for the colonies. <mask> also acted as lieutenant-governor of Van Diemen's Land for four months in 1846–47. In July 1851, the Port Phillip achieved separation from New South Wales, becoming the colony of Victoria, and <mask> became lieutenant-governor – a position he held until 1854. Soon after separation, gold was discovered at several locations in Victoria. <mask>robe suddenly had to deal with the mass exodus of the population of Melbourne to the gold fields, as well as the later arrival of thousands of immigrants from other Australian colonies and overseas.He was commonly referred to as "Charley Joe", and by extension, any government officials or policemen were called "joes". Having tried, with varying degrees of success, to cope with the enormous population and economic expansion of the new colony, <mask>robe, who suffered self-doubt and criticism due to his inexperience, submitted his resignation in December 1852, but had to wait until a replacement, <mask>, could take his place. After Victoria Towards the end of his governorship, <mask>'s wife, Sophie, became ill and returned to Europe with their four children. She died on 30 January 1854. On his return to Europe after his term, <mask>robe married Sophie's sister, Rose Isabelle de Meuron (1821–1883) in 1855, a marriage which was illegal in English law, being considered incestuous at the time. (See Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act 1907.) The couple had two daughters (born 1856 and 1859) in Switzerland and moved to England in 1861.<mask> did not receive any further British government appointments. His eyesight was increasingly deteriorating, and he was completely blind for the last years of his life. He died in 1875. Geelong keys <mask> Trobe is also linked to the discovery of a minor piece of evidence suggesting early European exploration of Australia. In 1847, at Limeburners' Point near Geelong, Victoria, <mask> <mask>, a keen amateur geologist, was examining the shells from a lime kiln when a worker showed him a set of five keys that he claimed to have found, subsequently named the Geelong Keys. <mask>robe concluded that, based on their appearance, the keys were dropped onto the beach around 100 to 150 years beforehand (i.e. between 1700 and 1750).In 1977, Kenneth McIntyre hypothesized they were dropped by Portuguese sailors under the command of Cristóvão de Mendonça. Since the keys have long been lost, their exact origin cannot be verified. However, research by geologist Edmund Gill and historian P.F.B. Alsop showed the deposit they were supposedly found in was 2330–2800 years old, making La Trobe's dating impossible. Legacy Much of Melbourne's substantial inner-ring parks and gardens can be attributed to La Trobe's foresight in reserving this land. Melbourne and Victoria are dotted with things named in honour of <mask> Trobe, including La Trobe Financial in Melbourne's CBD, La Trobe University and Charles La Trobe College in Melbourne's north east, the La Trobe Reading Room at the State Library of Victoria on La Trobe Street in the CBD, the federal electorate of La Trobe in Melbourne's outer east, the Latrobe Valley in southeastern Victoria, Mount LaTrobe in Wilsons Promontory and, in Tasmania, Latrobe and Latrobe Council. There are statues of La Trobe outside the State Library and at La Trobe University's Bundoora campus.The latter statue is notable for initially being upside down appearance, however it is now the right way up. The La Trobe Journal (founded 1968) is published by the State Library of Victoria. It is devoted to Australasia, especially in connection with Victoria. The family motto of La Trobe is used at La Trobe University for their own motto. The motto in English is "whoever seeks shall find". The flowering plant genus <mask>a was named after him. See also History of Melbourne French Australian Latrobe nugget References External links La Trobe Society <mask> Joseph <mask> Trobe: A chronology Genealogy of the La Trobe family Governor <mask> Trobe's Instructions, 11 September 1839 <mask> Trobe statue at La Trobe University Bundoora Family tree in Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Estland, Görlitz 1930 Pictures and texts of The Alpenstock, or sketches of Swiss scenery and manners, 1825-1826 by <mask> <mask> can be found in the database VIATIMAGES.1801 births 1875 deaths Sportspeople from London English people of American descent Governors of Victoria (Australia) Politicians from Melbourne Burials in Sussex Colony of Victoria people 19th-century Australian politicians Lieutenant-Governors of Victoria 19th-century Australian public servants Settlers of Melbourne English mountain climbers People from Alfriston <mask>trobe family

After the establishment of the colony of Victoria, <mask> became its first lieutenant-governor. <mask>robe supported religious, cultural and educational institutions. He was the lieutenant-governor and oversaw the establishment of the Botanic Gardens, as well as providing leadership and support to the formation of other entities. <mask> was the nephew of <mask>robe. The son of a leader of the Moravian Church was born in London to a family of French Huguenots. He spent time in Switzerland and made a number of ascents in the Alps, but he 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 888-739-5110 The Alpenstock: Or Sketches of Swiss Scenery and Manners and The Pedestrian: A Summer's Ramble in the Tyrol were both written by La Trobe.He traveled from New Orleans to Mexico with Washington Irving in 1834. The Rambler was written in North America and Mexico. He marriedSophie de Montmollin in Switzerland in 1835. Their first child was born in Switzerland. The future education of the recently emancipated slaves was reported by <mask>robe to the government commission in the West Indies. Even though he had no managerial or administrative experience, he was appointed to the Port Phillip District of New South Wales. On July 26, 1839, <mask> and his wife and daughter sailed into Sydney for training on procedures.On October 1st, the La Trobes went to Melbourne. At the auction, La Trobe bought a piece of land on the fringe of the city at an upset price, and the residents of the city agreed not to bid against the superintendent. <mask> Trobe convinced Governor George Gipps that he had acted innocently when he heard about it. <mask> Trobe's home, which he transported from London in sections, is now preserved as LaTrobe's Cottage. At the time, the city had a population of around 3000. Sanitation and streets were improved by La Trobe. As the Port Phillip District was dependent on New South Wales, all land sales, building plans and officer appointments had to be approved by Gipps, who had a good working relationship with <mask> Trobe.The aim of the Separation Association was to make the Port Phillip District a separate colony. In 1841, <mask>, asking him to visit Melbourne to make his own opinion on the separation question. <mask>robe was content that Earl Grey included separation in the reorganisation plan for the colonies. The lieutenant-governor of Van Diemen's Land was <mask>. <mask>robe held the position of lieutenant-governor until 1854 after the Port Phillip became a colony of Victoria. Several locations in Victoria were found to have gold. <mask> Trobe had to deal with the mass exodus of the population of Melbourne to the gold fields, as well as the later arrival of thousands of immigrants from other Australian colonies and overseas.Any government officials or policemen were called "joes" when they were referred to as "Charley Joe". In order to cope with the enormous population and economic expansion of the new colony, <mask> submitted his resignation in December 1852, but had to wait until a replacement, <mask>, was found. After Victoria, <mask>'s wife became ill and returned to Europe with their four children. On January 30, 1854, she died. When <mask> returned to Europe after his term, he married Rose de Meuron, who was considered to be incestuous at the time. The Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act was enacted in 1907. In 1856 and 1859, the couple had two daughters in Switzerland and England.<mask> didn't get any more British government appointments. He was completely blind for the last few years of his life. He died in 1875. The discovery of a small piece of evidence suggesting early European exploration of Australia is linked to the keys <mask> Trobe. <mask> <mask> was looking at the shells from the lime kiln at Limeburners' Point when a worker showed him a set of keys that he claimed to have found. The keys were dropped onto the beach around 100 to 150 years prior to their appearance. Between 1700 and 1750.Kenneth McIntyre claimed in 1977 that they were dropped by Portuguese sailors. The exact origin of the keys can't be verified because they have been lost. The research was done by Edmund Gill and P.F.B. <mask> Trobe's dating is impossible because the deposit they were supposedly found in was 2330 years old. Much of the inner-ring parks and gardens can be traced back to <mask> Trobe's foresight. The La Trobe Reading Room at the State Library of Victoria is one of the things named after <mask> Trobe. There are statues of <mask> Trobe in Bundoora.The statue was upside down initially, however it is now the right way up. The La Trobe Journal is published by the State Library of Victoria. It is related to Victoria. The family motto of La Trobe is used at La Trobe University. "Whoever seeks shall find" is the motto in English. The plant was named after him. External links include La Trobe Society <mask> <mask> Trobe: A genealogy of the La Trobe family Governor <mask> Trobe's Instructions, 11 September 1839.Governors of Victoria were English people of American descent.

28396304

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Whitehead

Ron Whitehead

Ron Whitehead is an American poet, author and activist. Whitehead was born on a farm in Kentucky, but traveled to the University of Louisville and Oxford University to pursue his academic interests. Career Ron Whitehead has been involved in many aspects of the artistic field; writing poetry, editing literary works, organizing a non-profit organization to support literature worldwide called the Global Literary Renaissance, teaching and lecturing to students, and collaborating with artists and musicians, focusing primarily on the Louisville art scene and Kentucky folk art. Whitehead was also the honorary poetry editor of GonzoToday.com. Whitehead has authored thirty titles which include: Western Kentucky: Lost & Forgotten, Found & Remembered (with Sarah Elizabeth Burkey), The Third Testament: Three Gospels of Peace (with art by Lawrence Ferlinghetti & David Minton), Beaver Dam Rocking Chair Marathon, The Wanderer, and most recently, The Storm Generation Manifesto & on parting, the wilderness poems. In 2016 Finishing Line press released his work, Kentucky Basketball is Poetry in Motion, a collection of poems about the history and culture of Kentucky basketball. The Ron Whitehead poetry collection is currently managed by the University of Louisville. A special exhibit of works produced by Whitehead, "Poets, Rock Stars, and Holy Men" was featured at the main branch of the Louisville Free Public Library in 2018 and Whitehead was honored at that event for his work in the arts by Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer. Whitehead has also released forty CDs which include: "Tapping My Own Phone", "Kentucky Roots", "Kentucky: poems, stories, songs", "Kentucky Blues", "I Will Not Bow Down", "Exterminate Noise", "From Iceland to Kentucky & Beyond", "Swan Boats @ Four", "The Shape of Water", "The Viking Hillbilly Apocalypse Revue", "Walking Home", "I Refuse", "Ron Whitehead and Southside's Southside Lounge", "Ron Whitehead and Southside's We Are The Storm", and "The Storm Generation Manifesto & on parting, the wilderness poems". Whitehead's book, titled The Storm Generation Manifesto and on parting, the wilderness poems, was released in July 2010 and includes a CD of his readings as well as his first DVD. Bibliography SELECTED PRINT AND AUDIO PUBLICATIONS: POETRY IN PRINT: ● I WILL NOT BOW DOWN, Hozomeen Press, New London, Connecticut ● BLOOD FILLED VESSELS RACING TO THE HEART, Hozomeen Press, New London, Connecticut ● THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE THIS TIME: Selected Poems 1996-2000, Hozomeen Press, New London, Connecticut ● WESTERN KENTUCKY: Lost & Forgotten, Found & Remembered, Published in Heaven, Kentucky ● THE THIRD TESTAMENT: Three Gospels of Peace, ● Published in Heaven, Kentucky (with art by Lawrence Ferlinghetti & David Minton) ● BEAVER DAM ROCKING CHAIR MARATHON: 2 books, 4 editions, 4 different publishers, bop bam book press, NYC & Published in Heaven Books, Kentucky & Cook Creative, California ● KOKOPELLI, House Press, Calgary, Canada ● THE WANDERER, Published in Heaven Books ● THE STORM GENERATION MANIFESTO & on parting, the wilderness poems (with cd companion), HollandBrown Books ● WE SEE THE SOUND OF SETTING SUN, SkyLeaf Media ● GHOST LOVER, TRANCE MISSION, SkyLeaf Media ● SEARCHING FOR JACK KEROUAC, SkyLeaf Media ● I REFUSE I WILL NOT BOW DOWN I WILL NEVER GIVE UP, Cook Creative, California ● THE STORM GENERATION, Poems by Outlaw Poet Ron Whitehead (in English & Estonian), NonGrata/Estonia ● MAMA: A POET'S HEART IN A KENTUCKY GIRL, Trance Mission Press, Clarksville, Indiana ● blistered asphalt on dixie highway: Kentucky Basketball is Poetry in Motion (Finishing Line Press/Kentucky) ● QUEST FOR SELF IN THE OCEAN OF CONSCIOUSNESS: Ibsen, Hamsun, Munch, Joyce: The Origins of Modernism and Expressionism (Cook Creative Press/Kentucky) ● DISOBEY (with Jinn Bug) (Underground Books/NYC) ● “I'd Never Shoot A Man While He's Washing Dishes: Arcturian Love Songs” (Long Steel Rail Press/Kentucky) ● A Taoist Nun Teaches Me in Fourteen Poems (Underground Books/NYC) ● The Path of The Ancient Skald (Underground Books/NYC) ● KENTUCKY BOUND: poems, stories, and songs (TranceMission Press/Indiana) ● NIGHTS AT THE MUSEUM/Ööd muuseumis(with Jinn Bug)(TranceMission Press/Indiana USA and Kirjastus Utoopia/Tartu Estonia ) AUDIO RECORDINGS: ● TAPPING MY OWN PHONE ● KENTUCKY ROOTS ● KENTUCKY: poems, stories, songs ● KENTUCKY BLUES ● I WILL NOT BOW DOWN ● EXTERMINATE NOISE ● FROM ICELAND TO KENTUCKY & BEYOND ● SWAN BOATS @ FOUR ● THE SHAPE OF WATER ● THE VIKING HILLBILLY APOCALYPSE REVUE ● WALKING HOME ● I REFUSE ● Ron Whitehead and SOUTHSIDE's SOUTHSIDE LOUNGE ● Ron Whitehead and SOUTHSIDE's WE ARE THE STORM double cd ● THE STORM GENERATION MANIFESTO & on parting, the wilderness poems: audio book recording, (Holland Brown Books/companion to new book & dvd, 2010 release) ● THE BONEMEN: Thomas Bellier and Ron Whitehead ● TRANCE MISSION ● SEARCHING FOR JACK KEROUAC (Logan Street Recordings/Kentucky ● Frogg Corpse & Mr. Stranger present The End of The World, with The Storm Generation Band (Gonzo Today Records/Kentucky) ● PRAYER with Harry Pickens on piano and Aaron West on violin (sonaBLAST Records/Kentucky) ● Ron Whitehead & The Storm Generation Band present The Storm Generation Manifesto & Other Rock and Roll Poems (sonaBLAST Records) ● Ron Whitehead & The Storm Generation Band present DRAGONS (sonaBLAST Records) ● Songs & Poems from The KENTUCKY BOUND Concert (sonaBLAST Records) ● THE DANCE—Ron Whitehead & Glass Eye Ensemble feature Sheri Streeter (sonaBLAST Records/Howard & Nancy Bruner Wilson release) Awards and accolades Whitehead has been honored for his work as a writer and his involvement in the literary community. Some of his accolades include The All Kentucky Poetry Prize, The Yeats Club of Oxford's Prize for Poetry, a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize twice, and a nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Whitehead's work has been featured prominently on the international scene. In 2002 his poem "Never Give Up" was the featured theme for the United Nations affiliated program called "Poetry on the Peaks." This poem has been featured in other venues including National Geographic magazine and a book written by the 14th Dalai Lama. In 2009 Ron was one of the one hundred and thirty featured poets representing fifty countries at the International Poetry Festival, which took place in Granada, Nicaragua. Whitehead's work has been published in other venues as well, including Northwestern's TriQuarterly magazine, England's Beat Scene, and Japan's Blue Beat Jacket. Whitehead's work is also featured in Delinda Buie's archive at the University of Louisville Library. In 2019, Whitehead was appointed to serve as Kentucky's Beat Poet Laureate for the years 2019-2021 by the National Beat Poetry Foundation. He is the first writer from the United States to be tapped as writer-in-residence for the City of Literature international residency program in Tartu, Estonia. In May 2021, Whitehead was named U.S. National Beat Poet Laureate for 2021-2022 by the National Beat Poetry Foundation. Musical collaboration and event production Whitehead has also been involved in production of musical and poetry events worldwide. Some of these events include days long music and poetry readings called "Insomniac-a-thons", benefit concerts, and International and National Poetry Festivals in locations such as London, New York City, and the Netherlands. Whitehead's most notable production was the Official Hunter S. Thompson Tribute, which featured individuals such as Johnny Depp, David Amram, and Roxanne Pulitzer. and he has participated in a yearly "Gonzofest" in Thompson's hometown of Louisville, Kentucky honoring Thompson. He has collaborated with many musicians as well, doing readings of his work with other artists. Whitehead has worked with musical artists ranging from Icelandic musicians Sigur Rós and Utangarðsmenn, to Jim James of My Morning Jacket and Lee Ranaldo of Sonic Youth. One of his most recent collaborations was with heavy psychedelic rock group Blaak Heat, on their EP The Storm Generation and following album The Edge of an Era. In March 2019, Glass Eye Ensemble featuring Sheri Streeter mounted a multi-media music, video and art installation using Whitehead's poetry as a springboard for creative collaboration; the world premiere of which was held at the Tim Faulkner Gallery in Louisville, Kentucky. Editing and teaching Whitehead has also continued to be involved in the academic world through working as an editor and a professor. He has edited thousand of works by authors such as Jimmy Carter, Jack Kerouac, Andy Warhol, Allen Ginsberg, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Whitehead has also taught at various institutions of higher education including the University of Louisville, New York University, Trinity College Dublin, and the University of Iceland. References Living people American male poets Year of birth missing (living people) Poets from Kentucky

<mask> is an American poet, author and activist. <mask> was born on a farm in Kentucky, but traveled to the University of Louisville and Oxford University to pursue his academic interests. Career <mask> has been involved in many aspects of the artistic field; writing poetry, editing literary works, organizing a non-profit organization to support literature worldwide called the Global Literary Renaissance, teaching and lecturing to students, and collaborating with artists and musicians, focusing primarily on the Louisville art scene and Kentucky folk art. <mask> was also the honorary poetry editor of GonzoToday.com. <mask> has authored thirty titles which include: Western Kentucky: Lost & Forgotten, Found & Remembered (with Sarah Elizabeth Burkey), The Third Testament: Three Gospels of Peace (with art by Lawrence Ferlinghetti & David Minton), Beaver Dam Rocking Chair Marathon, The Wanderer, and most recently, The Storm Generation Manifesto & on parting, the wilderness poems. In 2016 Finishing Line press released his work, Kentucky Basketball is Poetry in Motion, a collection of poems about the history and culture of Kentucky basketball. The <mask> poetry collection is currently managed by the University of Louisville.A special exhibit of works produced by <mask>, "Poets, Rock Stars, and Holy Men" was featured at the main branch of the Louisville Free Public Library in 2018 and <mask> was honored at that event for his work in the arts by Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer. <mask> has also released forty CDs which include: "Tapping My Own Phone", "Kentucky Roots", "Kentucky: poems, stories, songs", "Kentucky Blues", "I Will Not Bow Down", "Exterminate Noise", "From Iceland to Kentucky & Beyond", "Swan Boats @ Four", "The Shape of Water", "The Viking Hillbilly Apocalypse Revue", "Walking Home", "I Refuse", "<mask> and Southside's Southside Lounge", "<mask> and Southside's We Are The Storm", and "The Storm Generation Manifesto & on parting, the wilderness poems". <mask>'s book, titled The Storm Generation Manifesto and on parting, the wilderness poems, was released in July 2010 and includes a CD of his readings as well as his first DVD. Some of his accolades include The All Kentucky Poetry Prize, The Yeats Club of Oxford's Prize for Poetry, a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize twice, and a nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature. <mask>'s work has been featured prominently on the international scene. In 2002 his poem "Never Give Up" was the featured theme for the United Nations affiliated program called "Poetry on the Peaks." This poem has been featured in other venues including National Geographic magazine and a book written by the 14th Dalai Lama.In 2009 <mask> was one of the one hundred and thirty featured poets representing fifty countries at the International Poetry Festival, which took place in Granada, Nicaragua. <mask>'s work has been published in other venues as well, including Northwestern's TriQuarterly magazine, England's Beat Scene, and Japan's Blue Beat Jacket. <mask>'s work is also featured in Delinda Buie's archive at the University of Louisville Library. In 2019, <mask> was appointed to serve as Kentucky's Beat Poet Laureate for the years 2019-2021 by the National Beat Poetry Foundation. He is the first writer from the United States to be tapped as writer-in-residence for the City of Literature international residency program in Tartu, Estonia. In May 2021, <mask> was named U.S. National Beat Poet Laureate for 2021-2022 by the National Beat Poetry Foundation. Musical collaboration and event production <mask> has also been involved in production of musical and poetry events worldwide.Some of these events include days long music and poetry readings called "Insomniac-a-thons", benefit concerts, and International and National Poetry Festivals in locations such as London, New York City, and the Netherlands. <mask>'s most notable production was the Official Hunter S. Thompson Tribute, which featured individuals such as Johnny Depp, David Amram, and Roxanne Pulitzer. and he has participated in a yearly "Gonzofest" in Thompson's hometown of Louisville, Kentucky honoring Thompson. He has collaborated with many musicians as well, doing readings of his work with other artists. <mask> has worked with musical artists ranging from Icelandic musicians Sigur Rós and Utangarðsmenn, to Jim James of My Morning Jacket and Lee Ranaldo of Sonic Youth. One of his most recent collaborations was with heavy psychedelic rock group Blaak Heat, on their EP The Storm Generation and following album The Edge of an Era. In March 2019, Glass Eye Ensemble featuring Sheri Streeter mounted a multi-media music, video and art installation using <mask>'s poetry as a springboard for creative collaboration; the world premiere of which was held at the Tim Faulkner Gallery in Louisville, Kentucky.Editing and teaching <mask> has also continued to be involved in the academic world through working as an editor and a professor. He has edited thousand of works by authors such as Jimmy Carter, Jack Kerouac, Andy Warhol, Allen Ginsberg, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti. <mask> has also taught at various institutions of higher education including the University of Louisville, New York University, Trinity College Dublin, and the University of Iceland. References Living people American male poets Year of birth missing (living people) Poets from Kentucky

<mask> is a poet, author and activist. He traveled to the University of Louisville and Oxford University to pursue his academic interests, despite being born on a farm in Kentucky. Writing poetry, editing literary works, organizing a non-profit organization to support literature worldwide called the Global Literary Renaissance, teaching and lecturing to students, and collaborating with artists and musicians are just some of the aspects of the artistic field that Career <mask> has been involved in. He was the poetry editor of GonzoToday.com. The Third Testament: Three Gospels of Peace was written by Lawrence Ferlinghetti and David Minton. Kentucky Basketball is Poetry in Motion is a collection of poems about the history and culture of Kentucky basketball. The University of Louisville manages the <mask> poetry collection.The main branch of the Louisville Free Public Library featured a special exhibit of works by <mask>, "Poets, Rock Stars, and Holy Men", and he was honored by the mayor of Louisville for his work in the arts. "Tapping My Own Phone", "Kentucky Roots", "Kentucky: poems, stories, songs", "Kentucky Blues", "I Will Not Bow Down", "Exterminate Noise", and "FromIceland to Kentucky & Beyond" are just a few of the A CD of his readings as well as his first DVD were included with his book, titled The Storm Generation Manifesto and on parting, the wilderness poems, which was released in July 2010. The All Kentucky Poetry Prize, The Yeats Club of Oxford's Prize for Poetry, and a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize are just some of the awards he has received. The international scene has featured <mask>'s work. The United Nations affiliated program called "Poetry on the Peaks" featured his poem "Never Give Up" in 2002. National Geographic magazine and a book written by the 14th Dalai Lama have featured this poem.At the International Poetry Festival in 2009, <mask> was one of thirty featured poets from fifty countries. England's Beat Scene, Japan's Blue Beat Jacket, and Northwestern's TriQuarterly magazine are some of the places where his work has been published. The University of Louisville Library has an archive of Delinda Buie's work. The National Beat Poetry Foundation appointed <mask> to serve as Kentucky's Beat Poet Laureate. He is the first writer from the United States to be selected as a writer-in-residence. The National Beat Poetry Foundation named him the U.S. National Beat Poet Laureate. Musical and poetry events have been produced by <mask>.The International and National Poetry Festivals are in locations such as London, New York City, and the Netherlands. Johnny Depp, David Amram, and Roxanne Pulitzer were some of the people featured in the Official Hunter S. Thompson tribute. There is a yearly "Gonzofest" in Thompson's hometown of Louisville, Kentucky. He has collaborated with many musicians as well, doing readings of his work with other artists. Jim James of My Morning Jacket and Lee Ranaldo of Sonic Youth are just a few of the musical artists that <mask> has worked with. He collaborated with Blaak Heat on their most recent album, The Edge of an Era. The world premiere of the multi-media music, video and art installation was held at the Tim Faulkner Gallery in Louisville, Kentucky.As an editor and a professor, <mask> has continued to be involved in the academic world. Jimmy Carter, Jack Kerouac, Andy Warhol, Allen Ginsberg, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti are just a few of the authors he has edited. The University of Louisville, New York University, Trinity College Dublin, and the University of Iceland are some of the institutions where he has taught. Poets from Kentucky have a missing year of birth.

1487860

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roselyne%20Bachelot

Roselyne Bachelot

Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, generally known as Roselyne Bachelot (née Narquin; born 24 December 1946) is a French politician who has been serving as Minister of Culture in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex since July 2020. In the past, she has served as Minister of Solidarity and Social Cohesion. She was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, which was part of the European People's Party. Early life and education Bachelot was born as Roselyne Narquin on 24 December 1946 in Nevers, France. Her father Jean Narquin, was a résistant and gaullist député, and her mother was Yvette Le Dû, a native from Gourin, both dentists. She has a brother, Jean-Yves Narquin, who ran for the European Parliament as a member of the National Front in 2015. Bachelot received a Doctorate in Pharmacy. Political career Member of the French Parliament From 1988 until 2002 and again in 2007, Bachelot was a member of the National Assembly, representing Maine-et-Loire's 1st constituency. During that time, she served on the Committee on Cultural Affairs. Member of the European Parliament From 2004 until 2007, Bachelot served as a Member of the European Parliament for the west of France. She was a member of the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. She also was a substitute on the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, a member of the delegation for relations with the Palestinian Legislative Council, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Israel. Career in government From 2007 until 2010, Bachelot served as French Minister for Health and Sports. Since French ministers cannot be members of Parliament, she was forced to give up her seat in the European Parliament. During her time in office, Bachelot implemented the planned prohibition on smoking in restaurants, bars, discos, casinos and other commercial pleasure enterprises in 2008. She notably issued a warning against excessive mobile phone use, especially by children. Also in 2008, she publicly endorsed legislation introduced by Valérie Boyer which would have made the promotion of extreme dieting a crime punishable by up to two years in prison and a fine of some $45,000; it passed the French lower house, but later failed in the Senate. She also encouraged the National Assembly of France to change the legal age to purchase alcohol in France from 16 to 18; the new law took effect in July 2009. In 2009, Bachelot ordered 94 million vaccines from Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis and Baxter International for the French Government at a cost of 869 million euros (and an option on 34 million additional vaccines in 2010) to fight against the H1N1 influenza virus; however, less than 10% of French population (about 6 million people) had been vaccinated by the end of the winter. She later canceled over half the flu vaccines ordered to combat the virus, in an effort to head off criticism after reserving too many shots. In June 2010, Bachelot made headlines when she reduced some players of the France national football team to tears after the French players protested by refusing to practice in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Domenech, head coach at the time, called the strike "an aberration, an imbecility, a stupidity without name" Monday. During a following meeting, Roselyne Bachelot said "It's your kids, our children, for whom perhaps you will no longer be heroes. It is the dreams of your partners, your friends, your fans that you have perhaps broken. You have tarnished the image of France." In November 2010, Bachelot was appointed Minister of Social Affairs alongside Marie-Anne Montchamp and Claude Greff in the third François Fillon government. She was supposed to reform the public healthcare system for elderly people, but, due to the budgetary restrictions made necessary by the 2008-2012 global recession, she had to abandon any reform project. After the victory of François Hollande at the French presidential election in 2012, she was replaced by Marisol Touraine. She announced that she would support former Prime Minister François Fillon for the Presidency of the Union for a Popular Movement. Later career From 2012, Bachelot was a contributor in the French adaptation of The View alongside to former evening news anchor Laurence Ferrari and others. In March 2016, Bachelot commented on Rafael Nadal's 2012–2013 injury stating: "On sait à peu près que la fameuse blessure de Rafael Nadal qui a entraîné sept mois d’arrêt de compétition est très certainement due à un contrôle positif." In response Nadal sued Bachelot over her comments in April 2016. The case was won by Nadal in November 2017 with Bachelot ordered to pay him 12,000 Euros. In a 2016 op-ed published by Sunday newspaper Le Journal du Dimanche, Bachelot joined sixteen other high-profile women from across the political spectrum – , including Élisabeth Guigou, Christine Lagarde, and Valérie Pécresse – in making a public vow to expose “all sexist remarks, inappropriate gestures and behaviour.” On the eve of International Women's Day in 2018, Bachelot – alongside Marlène Schiappa and others – appeared in a performance of Eve Ensler's Vagina Monologues at the Bobino theater in Paris. Return to politics On July 6, 2020, Bachelot was appointed Minister of Culture in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex, under the Presidency of Emmanuel Macron. During her time in office, Bachelot oversaw efforts to stabilize the financial situation of museums, cinemas and theatres affected by public health measures amid the COVID-19 pandemic in France. She also worked on a 2021 agreement with Benin's President Patrice Talon on the return of 26 artworks seized by France in the 19th century from the Royal Palaces of Abomey. His ministry applies from 2022 massive cuts in funding for archaeology, in the order of -25% to -50% depending on the region. Other activities French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS), Vice-President of the Board of Directors Political positions Bachelot is a long-time supporter of same-sex marriage, and defied her party by speaking on the Assembly floor in favor of passing the PACs in 1999. In 2005, Bachelot was one of the few prominent politicians who early and publicly defended Ségolène Royal's presidential bid – the first made by a woman in French history – ahead of the 2007 elections and denounced the sexist comments aimed at Royal. In 2012, Bachelot successfully pleaded the case of two French feminist organizations – "Osez le féminisme!" ("Dare to be feminist!") and Les Chiennes de Garde (The Watchdogs) – with Prime Minister François Fillon who subsequently ordered the honorific "mademoiselle" – akin to "damsel" and the equivalent of "miss" – banished from official forms and registries across France. Personal life Bachelot is married to Jacques Bachelot. Her brother-in-law, François Bachelot, served in the National Assembly from 1986 to 1988 as a member of the National Front. On March 20, 2021, Roselyne Bachelot tested positive for COVID-19. On March 24, 2021, she was hospitalized but her condition was determined as "stable and not worrisome." Political career Governmental functions Minister for Solidarity and Social Cohesion: 2010–2012. Minister of Health, Youth Affairs and Sports: 2007–2010. Minister of Environment, Ecology and Sustainable Development: 2002–2004. Electoral mandates European Parliament Member of European Parliament: 2004–2007 (Became minister in 2007, and reelected member of the National Assembly of France in 2007). National Assembly of France Member of the National Assembly of France for Maine-et-Loire (1st constituency) : 1988–2002 (Became minister in 2002) / Reelected in 2007, but she became minister. Elected in 1988, reelected in 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007. Regional Council Vice-president of the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire : 2001–2004. Regional councillor of Pays de la Loire: 1986–2007 (Resignation). Reelected in 1992, 1998, 2004. General Council General councillor of Maine-et-Loire: 1982–1988. Radio Since 2014 : Les pieds dans le plat on Europe 1 Since Fall 2015 : Les Grosses Têtes on RTL References 1946 births Living people People from Nevers MEPs for West France 2004–2009 French Ministers of Culture French Ministers of Health French people of Breton descent Union for a Popular Movement MEPs Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur French pharmacists Women government ministers of France 21st-century women MEPs for France French Ministers of the Environment Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Women pharmacists University of Angers alumni Politicians from Pays de la Loire LGBT rights activists from France

<mask>, generally known as <mask> (née Narquin; born 24 December 1946) is a French politician who has been serving as Minister of Culture in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex since July 2020. In the past, she has served as Minister of Solidarity and Social Cohesion. She was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, which was part of the European People's Party. Early life and education <mask> was born as <mask> on 24 December 1946 in Nevers, France. Her father Jean Narquin, was a résistant and gaullist député, and her mother was Yvette Le Dû, a native from Gourin, both dentists. She has a brother, Jean-Yves Narquin, who ran for the European Parliament as a member of the National Front in 2015. Bachelot received a Doctorate in Pharmacy.Political career Member of the French Parliament From 1988 until 2002 and again in 2007, Bachelot was a member of the National Assembly, representing Maine-et-Loire's 1st constituency. During that time, she served on the Committee on Cultural Affairs. Member of the European Parliament From 2004 until 2007, Bachelot served as a Member of the European Parliament for the west of France. She was a member of the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. She also was a substitute on the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, a member of the delegation for relations with the Palestinian Legislative Council, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Israel. Career in government From 2007 until 2010, Bachelot served as French Minister for Health and Sports. Since French ministers cannot be members of Parliament, she was forced to give up her seat in the European Parliament.During her time in office, Bachelot implemented the planned prohibition on smoking in restaurants, bars, discos, casinos and other commercial pleasure enterprises in 2008. She notably issued a warning against excessive mobile phone use, especially by children. Also in 2008, she publicly endorsed legislation introduced by Valérie Boyer which would have made the promotion of extreme dieting a crime punishable by up to two years in prison and a fine of some $45,000; it passed the French lower house, but later failed in the Senate. She also encouraged the National Assembly of France to change the legal age to purchase alcohol in France from 16 to 18; the new law took effect in July 2009. In 2009, Bachelot ordered 94 million vaccines from Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis and Baxter International for the French Government at a cost of 869 million euros (and an option on 34 million additional vaccines in 2010) to fight against the H1N1 influenza virus; however, less than 10% of French population (about 6 million people) had been vaccinated by the end of the winter. She later canceled over half the flu vaccines ordered to combat the virus, in an effort to head off criticism after reserving too many shots. In June 2010, Bachelot made headlines when she reduced some players of the France national football team to tears after the French players protested by refusing to practice in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.Domenech, head coach at the time, called the strike "an aberration, an imbecility, a stupidity without name" Monday. During a following meeting, <mask> <mask> said "It's your kids, our children, for whom perhaps you will no longer be heroes. It is the dreams of your partners, your friends, your fans that you have perhaps broken. You have tarnished the image of France." In November 2010, <mask> was appointed Minister of Social Affairs alongside Marie-Anne Montchamp and Claude Greff in the third François Fillon government. She was supposed to reform the public healthcare system for elderly people, but, due to the budgetary restrictions made necessary by the 2008-2012 global recession, she had to abandon any reform project. After the victory of François Hollande at the French presidential election in 2012, she was replaced by Marisol Touraine.She announced that she would support former Prime Minister François Fillon for the Presidency of the Union for a Popular Movement. Later career From 2012, Bachelot was a contributor in the French adaptation of The View alongside to former evening news anchor Laurence Ferrari and others. In March 2016, Bachelot commented on Rafael Nadal's 2012–2013 injury stating: "On sait à peu près que la fameuse blessure de Rafael Nadal qui a entraîné sept mois d’arrêt de compétition est très certainement due à un contrôle positif." In response Nadal sued Bachelot over her comments in April 2016. The case was won by Nadal in November 2017 with Bachelot ordered to pay him 12,000 Euros. In a 2016 op-ed published by Sunday newspaper Le Journal du Dimanche, Bachelot joined sixteen other high-profile women from across the political spectrum – , including Élisabeth Guigou, Christine Lagarde, and Valérie Pécresse – in making a public vow to expose “all sexist remarks, inappropriate gestures and behaviour.” On the eve of International Women's Day in 2018, Bachelot – alongside Marlène Schiappa and others – appeared in a performance of Eve Ensler's Vagina Monologues at the Bobino theater in Paris. Return to politics On July 6, 2020, Bachelot was appointed Minister of Culture in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex, under the Presidency of Emmanuel Macron.During her time in office, Bachelot oversaw efforts to stabilize the financial situation of museums, cinemas and theatres affected by public health measures amid the COVID-19 pandemic in France. She also worked on a 2021 agreement with Benin's President Patrice Talon on the return of 26 artworks seized by France in the 19th century from the Royal Palaces of Abomey. His ministry applies from 2022 massive cuts in funding for archaeology, in the order of -25% to -50% depending on the region. Other activities French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS), Vice-President of the Board of Directors Political positions Bachelot is a long-time supporter of same-sex marriage, and defied her party by speaking on the Assembly floor in favor of passing the PACs in 1999. In 2005, Bachelot was one of the few prominent politicians who early and publicly defended Ségolène Royal's presidential bid – the first made by a woman in French history – ahead of the 2007 elections and denounced the sexist comments aimed at Royal. In 2012, Bachelot successfully pleaded the case of two French feminist organizations – "Osez le féminisme!" ("Dare to be feminist!")and Les Chiennes de Garde (The Watchdogs) – with Prime Minister François Fillon who subsequently ordered the honorific "mademoiselle" – akin to "damsel" and the equivalent of "miss" – banished from official forms and registries across France. Personal life Bachelot is married to <mask>. Her brother-in-law, <mask>, served in the National Assembly from 1986 to 1988 as a member of the National Front. On March 20, 2021, <mask> Bachelot tested positive for COVID-19. On March 24, 2021, she was hospitalized but her condition was determined as "stable and not worrisome." Political career Governmental functions Minister for Solidarity and Social Cohesion: 2010–2012. Minister of Health, Youth Affairs and Sports: 2007–2010.Minister of Environment, Ecology and Sustainable Development: 2002–2004. Electoral mandates European Parliament Member of European Parliament: 2004–2007 (Became minister in 2007, and reelected member of the National Assembly of France in 2007). National Assembly of France Member of the National Assembly of France for Maine-et-Loire (1st constituency) : 1988–2002 (Became minister in 2002) / Reelected in 2007, but she became minister. Elected in 1988, reelected in 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007. Regional Council Vice-president of the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire : 2001–2004. Regional councillor of Pays de la Loire: 1986–2007 (Resignation). Reelected in 1992, 1998, 2004.General Council General councillor of Maine-et-Loire: 1982–1988. Radio Since 2014 : Les pieds dans le plat on Europe 1 Since Fall 2015 : Les Grosses Têtes on RTL References 1946 births Living people People from Nevers MEPs for West France 2004–2009 French Ministers of Culture French Ministers of Health French people of Breton descent Union for a Popular Movement MEPs Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur French pharmacists Women government ministers of France 21st-century women MEPs for France French Ministers of the Environment Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Women pharmacists University of Angers alumni Politicians from Pays de la Loire LGBT rights activists from France

The Minister of Culture in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex is known as <mask>. She was the Minister of Solidarity and Social Cohesion. She was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. On December 24, 1946, <mask> was born in Nevers, France. Her mother was a native of Gourin and her father was a dentist. Jean-Yves Narquin was a member of the National Front and ran for the European Parliament. He received a Doctor of Pharmacy.From 1988 until 2002 and again in 2007, he was a member of the National Assembly, representing Maine-et-Loire's 1st constituency. She was a member of the Committee on Cultural Affairs. Member of the European Parliament for the west of France from 2004 to 2007. She was a member of the European Parliament. She was a substitute on the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, a member of the delegation for relations with the Palestinian Legislative Council, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Israel. From 2007 to 2010 he was the French Minister for Health and Sports. She had to give up her seat in the European Parliament because French ministers can't be members of Parliament.The planned prohibition on smoking in restaurants, bars, discos, casinos and other commercial pleasure enterprises was implemented in 2008. She warned against excessive mobile phone use by children. In 2008, she publicly endorsed legislation that would have made promotion of extreme dieting a crime in France and could have resulted in up to two years in prison and a fine of up to $45,000. She encouraged the National Assembly of France to change the legal age to purchase alcohol in France from 16 to 18. A total of 94 million vaccines were ordered by the French Government in 2009, but less than 10% of them were used to fight the H1N1 flu. She canceled half of the flu vaccine she was ordered to give in order to head off criticism. When the French players refused to practice for the 2010 World Cup, Bachelot reduced some of them to tears.Domenech called the strike an "idiotic stupidity without name" on Monday. "It's your kids, our children, for whom perhaps you will no longer be heroes," Roselyne said during the meeting. It is the dreams of your partners, your friends, and your fans that are broken. You have hurt the image of France. Claude Greff was appointed Minister of Social Affairs in the third Franois Fillon government. She was supposed to reform the public healthcare system for elderly people, but due to the budgetary restrictions made necessary by the 2008-2012 global recession, she had to abandon any reform project. Marisol Touraine replaced her after the victory of Franois Hollande.She said she would support Franois Fillon for the Presidency of the Union for a Popular Movement. In 2012 he was a contributor in the French version of The View with other people. In March 2016 Bachelot commented on the injury suffered by Rafael Nadal. In April 2016 Nadal filed a lawsuit over her comments. The case was won by Nadal in November of last year. In a 2016 op-ed published by Sunday newspaper Le Journal du Dimanche, Bachelot joined sixteen other high-profile women from across the political spectrum in making a public vow. On July 6, 2020, he was appointed Minister of Culture in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex.During her time in office, she oversaw the stabilization of the financial situation of museums, cinemas and theatres affected by public health measures. She worked on the return of 26 artworks seized by France in the 19th century from the Royal Palaces of Abomey. The funding for archaeology will be slashed in the order of 25% to 50% depending on the region. The Vice President of the Board of Directors of the French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs is a supporter of same-sex marriage. One of the few prominent politicians who early and publicly defended Ségolne Royal's presidential bid, which was the first made by a woman in French history, was the one who denounced the sexist comments aimed at Royal. The case of two French feminist organizations was successfully pleaded by Bachelot. "Be feminist!"Prime Minister Franois Fillon ordered the honorific "mademoiselle" to be removed from official forms and registries across France. <mask> is married to a personal life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life life Franois was a member of the National Front and served in the National Assembly from 1986 to 1988. Roselyne had a positive test for COVID-19 on March 20, 2021. On March 24, 2021, her condition was determined to be stable and not worrisome. Minister for Solidarity and Social Cohesion was a political career Governmental function. The Minister of Health, Youth Affairs and Sports was in office from 2007 to 2010.The minister of environment, ecology and sustainable development was there from 2002 to 2004. The European Parliament Member of European Parliament was elected in 2004 and reelected in 2007. Member of the National Assembly of France for Maine-et-Loire was re-elected in 2007, but became minister. In 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007, they were re-elected in 1988. The Regional Council of Pays de la Loire has a vice-president. The regional councillor of Pays de la Loire resigned in 2007. In 1998 and 2004, they were re-elected.The general council of Maine-et-Loire was formed in 1982. Europe 1 has broadcasted Les Grosses Ttes since Fall 2015.

31491330

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atle%20V%C3%A5rvik

Atle Vårvik

Atle Vårvik (born 12 December 1965) is a value and goal oriented social entrepreneur and former top athlete. Vårvik started MOT in 1994 and has in the period 1994-2020 created MOT’s concept and brand profile that is today strengthening youth’s life, awareness, robustness and courage on four continents. Vårvik is a former Norwegian Champion, Olympic participant and one of the world’s best speed skaters. He shocked the entire speed skating world with the aerodynamic “Donald Duck suit”. He has background in leader development, as mentor and coach within business, top athletics and public sector. In 2015, Vårvik received the Honorary Award from the Norwegian Confederation of Sports for his work with MOT, and in 2014, he got one of Norway’s greatest leadership and value awards – the Reitan Group’s “Årets Ladejarl”. Biography Atle Vårvik is married to Sigrun and together they have two sons, Kristian (1992) and Johann (1995).  Vårvik is value and goal oriented and passionate about values. He is passionate about strengthening youths’ robustness and courage. He is passionate about a warmer and safer society. He is passionate about preventing social problems in the society. His big passion has always been the Human being, Life and Performance groups. Atle has a lot of human and life competence from his parents, who have both worked with people in their professions. Vårvik is a social entrepreneur. He moves quickly from plan to implementation and is result and action oriented. He creates systems that prevent social problems in the society through strengthening peoples’ values, attitude, quality of life and feeling of mastery. He has been passionate about life and developing people since he was a young boy. Since 1977, he has been doing research on why crime and why some people ruin their own lives, others' lives and the society. Vårvik has a professional background from business (real estate agent), the Customs and the 1997 Nordic World Ski Championships. He is a leadership developer with a business spirit and for two years he ran the company “Positive leadership” were the main programme was “Courage to lead”. In 2005, Atle vas a “Minister” in the “P1-Government”. NRK (Norwegian Broadcasting) gathered a representative from each county in Norway, who were nominated by the listeners and Atle represented the county “Sør-Trøndelag”. The P1-Government made a manifest that was handed over to the Norwegian Government. The manifest looked at Norway 100 years ahead, how Norway would look and what challenges Norway would meet in 100 years and how they could be solved. The vision was: “A courageous Norway – light, playful and awake”. MOT Vårvik had the idea to MOT and is MOT’s principal founder and creator. He is the main architect behind MOT's philosophy, programmes, culture, concept and brand profile, and the organisations MOT Norway and MOT Foundation. Vårvik has been the top leader of MOT in the period 1994-2020.   MOT is about developing youth's robustness and quality of life, and about strengthening people's awareness and courage – courage to live, courage to care and courage to say no. MOT was founded to prevent crime and social society problems. Honors and awards In 2015, Vårvik received the Honorary Award from the Norwegian Confederation of Sports for his work with MOT (and Johann Olav Koss for Right to Play). The Norwegian prime minister proclaimed the jury’s decision: The Honorary Award points at role models within top athletics, who use their positions to build good values in society. The jury wants to express its admiration for two ideas showing great generosity and two dreams that have grown into something meaningful, both in Norwegian local communities as well as in conflicted and poor areas of the world. This year's award goes to two persons who have created something unique – something that makes a difference to many, and of what we all may be proud of. In 2014, Vårvik received one of Norway’s greatest leadership and value awards – the Reitan Group’s value award and the title “Årets Ladejarl”. The jury’s decision: «Atle Vårvik is passionate about a warmer and safer society. He has put the life of youth in the centre and built MOT’s philosophy on three values: courage to live, courage to care and courage to say no. As leader for MOT, Atle has contributed to inspire, create awareness and strengthen youth’s robustness. Robust youth with courage is useful to the society Atle develops local enthusiasts and ambassadors as commanders to build the brand profile. He has involved well known role models from top athletics, art and culture to achieve results. MOT, as a brand, shall remind youth that they can think themselves robust and dare to care about themselves and others. Atle Vårvik engages in excellent value-based leadership and work, both nationally and internationally. He proves with MOT the importance of building strong concepts. Atle have had the ability to build a concept that gives people something to believe in. As leader he is a cultural architect with unique communication skills, a great philosophy and scent. He is skilled at developing people for them to make good decisions, and a role model for inspiration and personal responsibility. He has for many years shown the will and energy to implement, that has triggered engagement and prevented indifference far beyond Norway’s borders. Atle is a strong identity-builder, culture-builder, director and strategist. He is also a merchant in that he has created revenue and kept costs down.” Athlete career Atle Vårvik is a former Norwegian speed skater and top athlete. Vårvik started his top athlete carrier when he cycled Den Store Styrkeprøven (The Great Trial of Strength) Trondheim to Oslo 540 km (340 mi) at the age of 13. He participated in two Olympic Games and has experience from the culture within top athletics. In 1994, Vårvik launched the special and aerodynamic speedskating suit the “Donald Duck suit”. “The regulations for speed skating were changed after Atle Vårvik presented his “Donald Duck suit” – a suit that was later tested to have 2/3 of the air resistance compared to the ordinary suits”. Professor Lars Sætran, NTNU (Aftenposten) Best results as speed skater World Cup 5000m 93’/94’ – 8th place in the totals World Championship 1988 best Norwegian result Olympic Games 1992 Olympiske Games 1994 Norwegian Champion 10.000m 1992 Norwegian Champion speed skating marathon 1988 Norwegian Champion speed skating marathon 1989 Norwegian Champion junior 1983 Books The value book «mot til å leve» – 2003 (20.000 books printed/sold) The brand book «Sjer dåkk me» – 2004 “Viljen” – 2004 (co-author) “Eventyret MOT” – 2005 (co-author) “Inspirasjonen” – 2012 The MOT philosophy – 2017 Life and leadership – a different autobiography – 2018 The Diamond – 2017 and 2019 “Norske idrettshelter – 25 years anniversary” – 2019 Courage to live – 2020 References External links Atle's blog - The MOT-blog of Atle Vårvik MOT official website 1965 births Living people Sportspeople from Trondheim Norwegian male speed skaters Olympic speed skaters of Norway Speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics

<mask> (born 12 December 1965) is a value and goal oriented social entrepreneur and former top athlete. Vårvik started MOT in 1994 and has in the period 1994-2020 created MOT’s concept and brand profile that is today strengthening youth’s life, awareness, robustness and courage on four continents. <mask> is a former Norwegian Champion, Olympic participant and one of the world’s best speed skaters. He shocked the entire speed skating world with the aerodynamic “Donald Duck suit”. He has background in leader development, as mentor and coach within business, top athletics and public sector. In 2015, Vårvik received the Honorary Award from the Norwegian Confederation of Sports for his work with MOT, and in 2014, he got one of Norway’s greatest leadership and value awards – the Reitan Group’s “Årets Ladejarl”. Biography <mask> is married to Sigrun and together they have two sons, Kristian (1992) and Johann (1995).Vårvik is value and goal oriented and passionate about values. He is passionate about strengthening youths’ robustness and courage. He is passionate about a warmer and safer society. He is passionate about preventing social problems in the society. His big passion has always been the Human being, Life and Performance groups. <mask> has a lot of human and life competence from his parents, who have both worked with people in their professions. Vårvik is a social entrepreneur.He moves quickly from plan to implementation and is result and action oriented. He creates systems that prevent social problems in the society through strengthening peoples’ values, attitude, quality of life and feeling of mastery. He has been passionate about life and developing people since he was a young boy. Since 1977, he has been doing research on why crime and why some people ruin their own lives, others' lives and the society. Vårvik has a professional background from business (real estate agent), the Customs and the 1997 Nordic World Ski Championships. He is a leadership developer with a business spirit and for two years he ran the company “Positive leadership” were the main programme was “Courage to lead”. In 2005, <mask> vas a “Minister” in the “P1-Government”.NRK (Norwegian Broadcasting) gathered a representative from each county in Norway, who were nominated by the listeners and Atle represented the county “Sør-Trøndelag”. The P1-Government made a manifest that was handed over to the Norwegian Government. The manifest looked at Norway 100 years ahead, how Norway would look and what challenges Norway would meet in 100 years and how they could be solved. The vision was: “A courageous Norway – light, playful and awake”. MOT <mask> had the idea to MOT and is MOT’s principal founder and creator. He is the main architect behind MOT's philosophy, programmes, culture, concept and brand profile, and the organisations MOT Norway and MOT Foundation. Vårvik has been the top leader of MOT in the period 1994-2020.MOT is about developing youth's robustness and quality of life, and about strengthening people's awareness and courage – courage to live, courage to care and courage to say no. MOT was founded to prevent crime and social society problems. Honors and awards In 2015, <mask> received the Honorary Award from the Norwegian Confederation of Sports for his work with MOT (and Johann Olav Koss for Right to Play). The Norwegian prime minister proclaimed the jury’s decision: The Honorary Award points at role models within top athletics, who use their positions to build good values in society. The jury wants to express its admiration for two ideas showing great generosity and two dreams that have grown into something meaningful, both in Norwegian local communities as well as in conflicted and poor areas of the world. This year's award goes to two persons who have created something unique – something that makes a difference to many, and of what we all may be proud of. In 2014, <mask> received one of Norway’s greatest leadership and value awards – the Reitan Group’s value award and the title “Årets Ladejarl”.The jury’s decision: «<mask> <mask> is passionate about a warmer and safer society. He has put the life of youth in the centre and built MOT’s philosophy on three values: courage to live, courage to care and courage to say no. As leader for MOT, Atle has contributed to inspire, create awareness and strengthen youth’s robustness. Robust youth with courage is useful to the society Atle develops local enthusiasts and ambassadors as commanders to build the brand profile. He has involved well known role models from top athletics, art and culture to achieve results. MOT, as a brand, shall remind youth that they can think themselves robust and dare to care about themselves and others. <mask> <mask> engages in excellent value-based leadership and work, both nationally and internationally.He proves with MOT the importance of building strong concepts. Atle have had the ability to build a concept that gives people something to believe in. As leader he is a cultural architect with unique communication skills, a great philosophy and scent. He is skilled at developing people for them to make good decisions, and a role model for inspiration and personal responsibility. He has for many years shown the will and energy to implement, that has triggered engagement and prevented indifference far beyond Norway’s borders. <mask> is a strong identity-builder, culture-builder, director and strategist. He is also a merchant in that he has created revenue and kept costs down.” Athlete career <mask> <mask> is a former Norwegian speed skater and top athlete.<mask> started his top athlete carrier when he cycled Den Store Styrkeprøven (The Great Trial of Strength) Trondheim to Oslo 540 km (340 mi) at the age of 13. He participated in two Olympic Games and has experience from the culture within top athletics. In 1994, Vårvik launched the special and aerodynamic speedskating suit the “Donald Duck suit”. “The regulations for speed skating were changed after <mask> <mask> presented his “Donald Duck suit” – a suit that was later tested to have 2/3 of the air resistance compared to the ordinary suits”. Professor Lars Sætran, NTNU (Aftenposten) Best results as speed skater World Cup 5000m 93’/94’ – 8th place in the totals World Championship 1988 best Norwegian result Olympic Games 1992 Olympiske Games 1994 Norwegian Champion 10.000m 1992 Norwegian Champion speed skating marathon 1988 Norwegian Champion speed skating marathon 1989 Norwegian Champion junior 1983 Books The value book «mot til å leve» – 2003 (20.000 books printed/sold) The brand book «Sjer dåkk me» – 2004 “Viljen” – 2004 (co-author) “Eventyret MOT” – 2005 (co-author) “Inspirasjonen” – 2012 The MOT philosophy – 2017 Life and leadership – a different autobiography – 2018 The Diamond – 2017 and 2019 “Norske idrettshelter – 25 years anniversary” – 2019 Courage to live – 2020 References External links Atle's blog - The MOT-blog of <mask> Vårvik MOT official website 1965 births Living people Sportspeople from Trondheim Norwegian male speed skaters Olympic speed skaters of Norway Speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics

A former top athlete, <mask> is a value and goal oriented social entrepreneur. In the period 1994-2020, Vrvik has created a concept and brand profile for MOT that strengthens youth's life, awareness, robustness and courage on four continents. One of the world's best speed skaters is Vrvik. The Donald Duck suit shocked the entire speed skating world. He is a mentor and coach within business, top athletics and the public sector. In 2015, Vrvik received an award from the Norwegian Confederation of Sports for his work with MOT, and in the same year, he received one of Norway's greatest leadership and value awards, the Reitan Group's "rets Ladejarl". <mask> is married to Sigrun and they have two sons.Vrvik is passionate about values. He is passionate about youths. He believes in a safer and warmer society. He wants to prevent social problems in the society. He loves the Human being, Life and Performance groups. Both of <mask>'s parents have worked with people in their professions. Vrvik is a social entrepreneur.He moves quickly from plan to implementation. He builds systems that strengthen peoples values, attitude, quality of life and feeling of mastery to prevent social problems in the society. He was a young boy when he was passionate about life. He has been researching why crime and why some people ruin their own lives since 1977. Vrvik has experience in business, Customs and the 1997 Nordic World Ski Championships. He is a leader with a business spirit and ran a company called Positive leadership for two years. In 2005, <mask> was a Minister.Atle represented the county of Sr-Trndelag in the gathering of representatives from each county. The Norwegian Government received a manifest from the P1-Government. The manifest looked at how Norway would look 100 years from now, what challenges it would face, and how they could be solved. The vision was for a Norway that was light, playful and awake. Vrvik is the principal founder and creator of MOT. He is the main architect behind MOT's philosophy, programmes, culture, concept and brand profile. In the period 1994-2020, Vrvik was the top leader.To develop youth's robustness and quality of life, and to strengthen people's awareness and courage, is what MOT is about. There are problems with crime and social society. In 2015, Vrvik received an award for his work with the Norwegian Confederation of Sports. The Norwegian prime minister proclaimed the jury's decision, which points to role models within top athletics who use their positions to build good values in society. The jury wants to express its admiration for two ideas showing great generosity and two dreams that have grown into something meaningful, both in Norwegian local communities as well as in conflicted and poor areas of the world. This year's award goes to two people who have created something unique that makes a difference, and that we all may be proud of. Vrvik received the Reitan Group's value award and the title "rets Ladejarl" in 2014, one of Norway's greatest leadership and value awards.Atle Vrvik is passionate about a warmer and safer society. He put the life of youth in the centre and built a philosophy on three values: courage to live, courage to care and courage to say no. Atle has contributed to inspire, create awareness and strengthen youth's robustness. Local enthusiasts and commanders are developed by Atle to build the brand profile. Roles from top athletics, art and culture have been used to achieve results. As a brand, MOT will remind youth that they can care about themselves and others. Both nationally and internationally, Atle Vrvik engages in excellent value-based leadership and work.He shows how important it is to build strong concepts. Atle have the ability to make people believe in something. He is a cultural architect with unique communication skills, a great philosophy and scent. He is skilled at teaching people how to make good decisions, as well as being a role model for personal responsibility. For many years, he has shown the will and energy to implement, that has triggered engagement and prevented indifference far beyond Norway's borders. Atle is a strategist. He is a merchant that has created revenue and kept costs down.Vrvik started his top athlete carrier when he was 13 years old. He has experience from the culture of top athletics, having participated in two Olympic Games. The Donald Duck suit was launched in 1994. The regulations for speed skating were changed after <mask> Vrvik presented his "Donald Duck suit", a suit that was later tested to have 1/3 of the air resistance compared to the ordinary suits. The best Norwegian result as a speed skater was 8th place in the World Championship in 1988.

1883383

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel%20Polnareff

Michel Polnareff

Michel Polnareff (born 3 July 1944, Nérac, Lot-et-Garonne, France) is a French singer-songwriter, who was popular in France from the mid-1960s until the early 1990s with his penultimate original album, Kāma-Sūtra. He is still critically acclaimed and occasionally tours in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Biography and career Resounding beginnings (1966–1973) Early years Michel was born into an artistic family: his mother, Simonne Lane (1912-1973), was a Breton dancer and his father, Leib Polnareff () or (1899-1988) was a Russian Jewish immigrant from Odessa who worked with Édith Piaf. He attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school. He learned the guitar, and after his studies, military service, and a brief time in insurance, he began to play his guitar on the steps of the Sacré Cœur. Early successes In 1965 Polnareff won a prize in Paris of recording at Barclay Records, but as part of the counterculture he turned down this opportunity. It was Lucien Morisse, then director at Europe 1, who made him sign with AZ. His first disc, La Poupée qui fait non (1966), was an unexpected success. Its new musical style and Polnareff's atypical image, crossed borders. During this period, he played concerts in Brussels for one week sharing the bill with Jeff Beck. In France he gained many hits such as "La Poupée qui fait non", "Love me, please love me", "Sous quelle étoile suis-je né?", "Ta-ta-ta-ta", "Âme câline", "Mes regrets", "Gloria", "Holidays", and "Tibili". Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones performed on hit single "Holidays". An atypical character Polnareff also played with his image: black glasses, fancy trousers, and ambiguous provocations. His song L'Amour avec Toi could not be played before 10 pm because it was considered "pornographic" at the time in France (the song is mild by today's standards). From 1969 on, Polnareff was hugely successful: tours, music videos, hits. He also became the target of scandalmongers. Depression and distance Tragedy struck in September 1970, when his friend Lucien Morisse committed suicide. In the same time, he also suffered a relationship crisis. After a rest period in the Paris area, and long months in isolation healing from his depression, Polnareff gradually resumed touring. His health and his morale improved, but not his sight: he was forced to protect his eyes with thick, dark sunglasses. His problems didn't stop there. In 1972, a promotional poster for his 1972 Polnarevolution tour showed his naked buttocks. Although the scandal benefitted him commercially, it brought censorship and lawsuits. Exile in the United States (1973–1984) During a world tour, he learned that Bernard Seneau, his manager, had run off with his money leaving him broke. Unable to pay his debts, and crushed by the death of his mother, he left France for the United States, where he lived in anonymity. He was joined by his friend, Annie Fargue who became his manager and stayed in this capacity for many years. In 1975, his song Jesus for Tonight made it onto the American Billboard. He also created the soundtrack for the exploitation rape drama Lipstick (1976), which starred American model Margaux Hemingway and her sister Mariel. But his success in the United States was not as great as in France. Polnareff missed his fellow musicians and the French musical community. He developed a passion for computers. During the 1975 tour he performed in Belgium, and thousands of his French fans came over to see him. His forced exile did not prevent him from composing, and his albums had mixed success. In summer 1977, he released a new song called "Lettre à France"; it wasn't a song written for a girl called France but rather for his country that he missed a lot. The song was written by a friend of him, a successful writer in France, Jean-Loup Dabadie. Polnareff asked him to write lyrics, and Dabadie's idea was to write an imaginary letter to France, the country Polnareff had left. This song immediately became very popular in France. In 1978, he released the album titled "Coucou me revoilou", which wasn't particularly successful. It was the next album called Bulles and released in 1981 that was very well received and proved that he was still hugely popular in France. In 1985, he released yet another album, "Incognito". Return to France (1984–1994) Polnareff made a surprise return to France in 1989. Without any promotion, "Goodbye Marylou" invaded the airwaves and became a hit. For a year and a half, Polnareff was locked up at Royal Monceau in Paris and recorded Kāma-Sūtra, with Mike Oldfield adding some guitar parts. The album was released in February 1990, met with commercial success and marked Polnareff's true return with hits such as "Kâma Sûtra", "LNA HO" and "Toi et moi". Rumors spread about his health, and in 1994, he finally decided to have a cataract surgically (and successfully) removed to prevent him from becoming blind. From The Roxy to Bercy : rebirth (1995–2006) Polnareff returned to the United States and performed live (for the first time in ages) on 27 September 1995 at The Roxy in Sunset Boulevard with executive-producer / guitarist Dick Smith (Earth, Wind and Fire, Aretha Franklin) and Alex Acuña (Weather Report, Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson). The performance was released in 1996 as the ambitious live album Live at the Roxy. The album achieved platinum certification in France. To mark this occasion, the channel Canal + devoted a special to him entitled "À la Recherche de Polnareff" ("In Search of Polnareff"), in which he appeared in military uniform (from whence his recent nickname "The Admiral" may come) and was interviewed in the desert by Michel Denisot. This was followed by an acoustic mini-concert in the middle of the California desert. Following the media attention in 1995 and 1996, Polnareff could have restarted his career as though nothing had happened. However, his fans still await, almost twenty years later, an album which may never come. However, some of his early songs became popular again, like "La Poupée qui fait non" covered by Mylène Farmer and Khaled (1996), and "On Ira Tous au Paradis", which became the theme song of Restaurants du Cœur in 1998. His 1977 hit "Lettre à France" enjoyed a new success in 2004 following its inclusion on the French version of the Star Academy talent contest. On 22 November 2004, and again on 18 December 2005, France 3 broadcast a one and a half-hour documentary entitled "Michel Polnareff Dévoilé" ("Michel Polnareff Revealed"). It includes images from rare files mixed with interviews with media personalities like Marc-Olivier Fogiel, Jacques Séguéla, Jean-Luc Lahaye and Frédéric Beigbeder explaining to the televiewers what Michel Polnareff represented for them and for France. Polnareff also revealed that he was working on a new album. Return to the stage (2007) On 12 May 2006, Michel Polnareff announced that he would be giving a series of concerts between 2 and 14 March 2007. Ticket sales rocketed, showing that Polnareff has not lost his gleam. On Bastille Day, 2007, Polnareff gave a free concert. In 2001, death rapper Necro sampled Polnareff's "Voyages" for his song "Light My Fire". English band The Shortwave Set sampled this song as well for their single "Is It Any Wonder?" in 2005. Masher (L)SD sampled "Sous Quelle E'toile Suis Je ne?" for his tune "Howards' Thinking Clearly", on the CD "That's CRAZY Music!" (2005) The 2004 Korean TV drama "Sorry, I love You" in Korean 미안하다, 사랑한다 ("Mi'an'ha'da, Sa'rang'han'da" or aka "MiSa") soundtrack largely drew from Polnareff songs like "Qui a tué Grand-Maman ?" and "ça n'arrive qu'aux autres". It was aired on channel KBS 2004/11/09~2004/12/28. The soundtrack was released in two commercial CDs. In the studio (2010–2015) In November 2013, Polnareff had sold in total 3,9 million albums and 4,9 million singles in France. In 2014, a documentary, called "Quand l'écran s'allume" pictured Polnareff, his partner Danyellah and their son Louka, in theatres first, and on TV a few months later. At the end of 2014, Polnareff started recording a new album. New single and new tour (2015–2017) On 8 December 2015, Polnareff announced the release of his new album in the first half of 2016 (between January and April 2016) and a new tour of 50 dates, mostly in France but also in Belgium and Switzerland, split into two legs : a Summer leg due to start on 30 April 2016 in Epernay and to end on 26 July 2016 (including a four-date stay at the Paris-Bercy Arena in early May 2016 and many appearances at Summer Festivals) and an Autumn leg due to start on 4 November 2016 and to end on 10 December 2016 in Bordeaux. On 18 December 2015, a week before Christmas, Polnareff released "L'Homme en rouge", the first single from his upcoming album and his first single since 2006 (only as a digital download and on streaming). "L'Homme en rouge" deals with Santa Claus. In late April 2016, just before the beginning of the tour, Polnareff revealed that the new album was not finished yet, as he's still working on 3 of the 9 announced tracks due to appear on it, that he has planned to play live during the tour a new song from it entitled "Sumi" about his SM experience with a geisha in Fukuoka, Japan and that a song he wrote about his son Louka – simply entitled "Louka's song" – will appear on the new album. In december 2016, before the last concert of his tour he suffered a double pulmonary embolism and had to cancel the end of his tour. New album (2018) On 3 October 2018, Polnareff announced the forthcoming release on 30 November 2018 of Enfin!, his (28-year) long-awaited new studio album. The album received a warm reception from the press and the fans. Personal life He had a lot of girlfriends during his life like his manager, Annie Fargue, during almost 20 years but never get married. In 2004, he met Danyellah, a French journalist and model. On 28 December 2010, Polnareff's girlfriend Danyellah gave birth to a boy, Louka, in Los Angeles. Polnareff himself gave him birth in the bathtub. On 21 February 2011, Polnareff announced via a Facebook post that a DNA test had revealed that he was not the biological father of the child. A later post indicated that his girlfriend had disappeared with the baby. They were separated for a few months, but are now reunited with their son, Louka. They lived in a house in Palm Springs where Polnareff had his own recording studio. Discography In popular culture The name for the character of Jean Pierre Polnareff in Hirohiko Araki's manga "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure" is based on Michel Polnareff's name. Publications 1974: Polnaréflexions in collaboration with Jean-Michel Desjeunes, Editions Dire/Stock2 2004: Polnareff par Polnareff in collaboration with Philippe Manœuvre, Editions Grasset et Fasquelle 2013: Le Polnabook, de Michel Polnareff, Editions Ipanéma 2016: Spèrme, de Michel Polnareff, Editions Plon Bibliography Christian Eudeline, Derrière les lunettes, ed. fayard, 2013 () Benoît Cachi, Polnaculte : Michel Polnareff vu par ses auteurs et par lui-même, ed. Tournon, 2007 () Christophe Lauga, Polnareffmania, ed. Scali, 2007 () , Polnareff, la véritable histoire d'une légende, ed. City, 2007 () Philippe Margotin, Polnareff, ed. de la Lagune, 2007 () Fabien Lecœuvre, Michel Polnareff, ed. Vaderetro, 2004 () References External links Biography of Michel Polnareff, from Radio France Internationale Official Web Site : Michel Polnareff (news, discography, photos...) 1944 births Living people People from Nérac French people of Jewish descent French people of Russian-Jewish descent French people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent French people of Breton descent French male singers French male guitarists French-language singers

<mask> (born 3 July 1944, Nérac, Lot-et-Garonne, France) is a French singer-songwriter, who was popular in France from the mid-1960s until the early 1990s with his penultimate original album, Kāma-Sūtra. He is still critically acclaimed and occasionally tours in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Biography and career Resounding beginnings (1966–1973) Early years <mask> was born into an artistic family: his mother, Simonne Lane (1912-1973), was a Breton dancer and his father, Leib Polnareff () or (1899-1988) was a Russian Jewish immigrant from Odessa who worked with Édith Piaf. He attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school. He learned the guitar, and after his studies, military service, and a brief time in insurance, he began to play his guitar on the steps of the Sacré Cœur. Early successes In 1965 Polnareff won a prize in Paris of recording at Barclay Records, but as part of the counterculture he turned down this opportunity. It was Lucien Morisse, then director at Europe 1, who made him sign with AZ.His first disc, La Poupée qui fait non (1966), was an unexpected success. Its new musical style and Polnareff's atypical image, crossed borders. During this period, he played concerts in Brussels for one week sharing the bill with Jeff Beck. In France he gained many hits such as "La Poupée qui fait non", "Love me, please love me", "Sous quelle étoile suis-je né? ", "Ta-ta-ta-ta", "Âme câline", "Mes regrets", "Gloria", "Holidays", and "Tibili". Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones performed on hit single "Holidays". An atypical character Polnareff also played with his image: black glasses, fancy trousers, and ambiguous provocations.His song L'Amour avec Toi could not be played before 10 pm because it was considered "pornographic" at the time in France (the song is mild by today's standards). From 1969 on, Polnareff was hugely successful: tours, music videos, hits. He also became the target of scandalmongers. Depression and distance Tragedy struck in September 1970, when his friend Lucien Morisse committed suicide. In the same time, he also suffered a relationship crisis. After a rest period in the Paris area, and long months in isolation healing from his depression, Polnareff gradually resumed touring. His health and his morale improved, but not his sight: he was forced to protect his eyes with thick, dark sunglasses.His problems didn't stop there. In 1972, a promotional poster for his 1972 Polnarevolution tour showed his naked buttocks. Although the scandal benefitted him commercially, it brought censorship and lawsuits. Exile in the United States (1973–1984) During a world tour, he learned that Bernard Seneau, his manager, had run off with his money leaving him broke. Unable to pay his debts, and crushed by the death of his mother, he left France for the United States, where he lived in anonymity. He was joined by his friend, Annie Fargue who became his manager and stayed in this capacity for many years. In 1975, his song Jesus for Tonight made it onto the American Billboard.He also created the soundtrack for the exploitation rape drama Lipstick (1976), which starred American model Margaux Hemingway and her sister Mariel. But his success in the United States was not as great as in France. Polnareff missed his fellow musicians and the French musical community. He developed a passion for computers. During the 1975 tour he performed in Belgium, and thousands of his French fans came over to see him. His forced exile did not prevent him from composing, and his albums had mixed success. In summer 1977, he released a new song called "Lettre à France"; it wasn't a song written for a girl called France but rather for his country that he missed a lot.The song was written by a friend of him, a successful writer in France, Jean-Loup Dabadie. Polnareff asked him to write lyrics, and Dabadie's idea was to write an imaginary letter to France, the country Polnareff had left. This song immediately became very popular in France. In 1978, he released the album titled "Coucou me revoilou", which wasn't particularly successful. It was the next album called Bulles and released in 1981 that was very well received and proved that he was still hugely popular in France. In 1985, he released yet another album, "Incognito". Return to France (1984–1994) Polnareff made a surprise return to France in 1989.Without any promotion, "Goodbye Marylou" invaded the airwaves and became a hit. For a year and a half, Polnareff was locked up at Royal Monceau in Paris and recorded Kāma-Sūtra, with Mike Oldfield adding some guitar parts. The album was released in February 1990, met with commercial success and marked Polnareff's true return with hits such as "Kâma Sûtra", "LNA HO" and "Toi et moi". Rumors spread about his health, and in 1994, he finally decided to have a cataract surgically (and successfully) removed to prevent him from becoming blind. From The Roxy to Bercy : rebirth (1995–2006) Polnareff returned to the United States and performed live (for the first time in ages) on 27 September 1995 at The Roxy in Sunset Boulevard with executive-producer / guitarist Dick Smith (Earth, Wind and Fire, Aretha Franklin) and Alex Acuña (Weather Report, Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson). The performance was released in 1996 as the ambitious live album Live at the Roxy. The album achieved platinum certification in France.To mark this occasion, the channel Canal + devoted a special to him entitled "À la Recherche de Polnareff" ("In Search of Polnareff"), in which he appeared in military uniform (from whence his recent nickname "The Admiral" may come) and was interviewed in the desert by <mask>. This was followed by an acoustic mini-concert in the middle of the California desert. Following the media attention in 1995 and 1996, Polnareff could have restarted his career as though nothing had happened. However, his fans still await, almost twenty years later, an album which may never come. However, some of his early songs became popular again, like "La Poupée qui fait non" covered by Mylène Farmer and Khaled (1996), and "On Ira Tous au Paradis", which became the theme song of Restaurants du Cœur in 1998. His 1977 hit "Lettre à France" enjoyed a new success in 2004 following its inclusion on the French version of the Star Academy talent contest. On 22 November 2004, and again on 18 December 2005, France 3 broadcast a one and a half-hour documentary entitled "<mask> Polnareff Dévoilé" ("<mask> Polnareff Revealed").It includes images from rare files mixed with interviews with media personalities like Marc-Olivier Fogiel, Jacques Séguéla, Jean-Luc Lahaye and Frédéric Beigbeder explaining to the televiewers what <mask>f represented for them and for France. Polnareff also revealed that he was working on a new album. Return to the stage (2007) On 12 May 2006, <mask>f announced that he would be giving a series of concerts between 2 and 14 March 2007. Ticket sales rocketed, showing that Polnareff has not lost his gleam. On Bastille Day, 2007, Polnareff gave a free concert. In 2001, death rapper Necro sampled Polnareff's "Voyages" for his song "Light My Fire". English band The Shortwave Set sampled this song as well for their single "Is It Any Wonder?"in 2005. Masher (L)SD sampled "Sous Quelle E'toile Suis Je ne?" for his tune "Howards' Thinking Clearly", on the CD "That's CRAZY Music!" (2005) The 2004 Korean TV drama "Sorry, I love You" in Korean 미안하다, 사랑한다 ("Mi'an'ha'da, Sa'rang'han'da" or aka "MiSa") soundtrack largely drew from Polnareff songs like "Qui a tué Grand-Maman ?" and "ça n'arrive qu'aux autres". It was aired on channel KBS 2004/11/09~2004/12/28. The soundtrack was released in two commercial CDs.In the studio (2010–2015) In November 2013, Polnareff had sold in total 3,9 million albums and 4,9 million singles in France. In 2014, a documentary, called "Quand l'écran s'allume" pictured Polnareff, his partner Danyellah and their son Louka, in theatres first, and on TV a few months later. At the end of 2014, Polnareff started recording a new album. New single and new tour (2015–2017) On 8 December 2015, Polnareff announced the release of his new album in the first half of 2016 (between January and April 2016) and a new tour of 50 dates, mostly in France but also in Belgium and Switzerland, split into two legs : a Summer leg due to start on 30 April 2016 in Epernay and to end on 26 July 2016 (including a four-date stay at the Paris-Bercy Arena in early May 2016 and many appearances at Summer Festivals) and an Autumn leg due to start on 4 November 2016 and to end on 10 December 2016 in Bordeaux. On 18 December 2015, a week before Christmas, Polnareff released "L'Homme en rouge", the first single from his upcoming album and his first single since 2006 (only as a digital download and on streaming). "L'Homme en rouge" deals with Santa Claus. In late April 2016, just before the beginning of the tour, Polnareff revealed that the new album was not finished yet, as he's still working on 3 of the 9 announced tracks due to appear on it, that he has planned to play live during the tour a new song from it entitled "Sumi" about his SM experience with a geisha in Fukuoka, Japan and that a song he wrote about his son Louka – simply entitled "Louka's song" – will appear on the new album.In december 2016, before the last concert of his tour he suffered a double pulmonary embolism and had to cancel the end of his tour. New album (2018) On 3 October 2018, Polnareff announced the forthcoming release on 30 November 2018 of Enfin!, his (28-year) long-awaited new studio album. The album received a warm reception from the press and the fans. Personal life He had a lot of girlfriends during his life like his manager, Annie Fargue, during almost 20 years but never get married. In 2004, he met Danyellah, a French journalist and model. On 28 December 2010, Polnareff's girlfriend Danyellah gave birth to a boy, Louka, in Los Angeles. Polnareff himself gave him birth in the bathtub.On 21 February 2011, Polnareff announced via a Facebook post that a DNA test had revealed that he was not the biological father of the child. A later post indicated that his girlfriend had disappeared with the baby. They were separated for a few months, but are now reunited with their son, Louka. They lived in a house in Palm Springs where Polnareff had his own recording studio. Discography In popular culture The name for the character of Jean Pierre Polnareff in Hirohiko Araki's manga "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure" is based on <mask>eff's name. Publications 1974: Polnaréflexions in collaboration with <mask> Desjeunes, Editions Dire/Stock2 2004: Polnareff par Polnareff in collaboration with Philippe Manœuvre, Editions Grasset et Fasquelle 2013: Le Polnabook, de <mask>nareff, Editions Ipanéma 2016: Spèrme, de <mask>eff, Editions Plon Bibliography Christian Eudeline, Derrière les lunettes, ed. fayard, 2013 () Benoît Cachi, Polnaculte : <mask>eff vu par ses auteurs et par lui-même, ed.Tournon, 2007 () Christophe Lauga, Polnareffmania, ed. Scali, 2007 () , Polnareff, la véritable histoire d'une légende, ed. City, 2007 () Philippe Margotin, Polnareff, ed. de la Lagune, 2007 () Fabien Lecœuvre, <mask>f, ed. Vaderetro, 2004 () References External links Biography of <mask>eff, from Radio France Internationale Official Web Site : <mask>eff (news, discography, photos...) 1944 births Living people People from Nérac French people of Jewish descent French people of Russian-Jewish descent French people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent French people of Breton descent French male singers French male guitarists French-language singers

Kma-Stra was the last album by the French singer-songwriter, who was popular in France from the mid-1960s until the early 1990s. He tours in France, Belgium and Switzerland. His mother, Simonne Lane, was a Breton dancer and his father, Leib Polnareff, was a Russian Jewish immigrant. He attended a private school. He began to play his guitar on the steps of the Sacré Cur after he learned to play the guitar. Polnareff won a prize in Paris in 1965, but turned it down because he was part of the counterculture. The director at Europe 1 made him sign with AZ.He had an unexpected success with his first disc. Its new musical style and Polnareff's atypical image crossed borders. He played a concert in Brussels with Jeff Beck. "Love me, please love me" were some of the hits he gained in France. ", "me cline", "Mes regrets", "Gloria", and "Holidays". "Holidays" was performed by Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones. Polnareff played with his image by wearing black glasses, fancy trousers, and ambiguous provocations.The song was not played before 10 pm in France because it was considered pornographic. Polnareff was a huge success: tours, music videos, hits. He was the target of scandalmongers. His friend, Lucien Morisse, committed suicide in 1970. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 After a rest period in the Paris area, and long months in isolation healing from his depression, Polnareff gradually resumed touring. He was forced to protect his eyes with thick, dark sunglasses because his sight wasn't good.His problems did not stop there. The 1972 Polnarevolution tour poster showed his naked buttocks. The scandal brought censorship and lawsuits. During a world tour, he learned that Bernard Seneau, his manager, had run off with his money, leaving him broke. Unable to pay his debts, and crushed by the death of his mother, he left France for the United States, where he lived in anonymity. Annie Fargue became his manager and stayed for many years. His song Jesus for Tonight made it onto the American billboard in 1975.Lipstick was an exploitation rape drama that starred American model Margaux Hemingway and her sister Mariel. His success in the US was not as great as in France. The French musical community was missed by Polnareff. He had a passion for computers. Thousands of his French fans came to see him in Belgium during the 1975 tour. His albums had mixed success despite his exile. He released a new song called "Lettre France" in the summer of 1977 because he missed his country a lot.A friend of his, a successful writer in France, wrote the song. He was asked to write lyrics by Polnareff, and he was also asked to write an imaginary letter to France. The song became very popular in France. The album "Coucou me revoilou" was released in 1978. Bulles, the next album, was released in 1981 and proved that he was still popular in France. "Incognito" was released in 1985. Polnareff returned to France in 1989."Goodbye Marylou" became a hit without any promotion. For a year and a half, <mask> was locked up at Royal Monceau in Paris and recorded Kma-Stra, with Mike Oldfield adding some guitar parts. The album was met with commercial success and marked Polnareff's true return with hits such as "Kma Stra", "LNA HO" and "Toi et moi". He had a cataracts removed in 1994 to prevent him from becoming blind due to rumors about his health. Polnareff returned to the United States in September 1995 and performed live for the first time in ages at The Roxy in Sunset Boulevard. In 1996 the performance was released as a live album. The album was certified in France.The Canal + devoted a special to him entitled " la Recherche de Polnareff", in which he appeared in military uniform, and was interviewed. The acoustic mini-concert was held in the middle of the California desert. Polnareff could have resumed his career after the media attention of 1995 and 1996. His fans are still waiting for an album which may never come. The theme song of Restaurants du Cur in 1998 was "On Ira Tous Au Paradis", which was covered by Mylne Farmer and Khaled. His 1977 hit "Lettre France" was included on the French version of the Star Academy talent contest in 2004. On 22 November 2004, and again on 18 December 2005, France 3 broadcasted a one and a half-hour documentary entitled "Michel Polnareff Dévoilé".Images from rare files and interviews with media personality like Jacques Séguéla, Jean-Luc Lahaye and Frédéric <mask> Polnareff represented for them and for France. <mask> Polnareff announced that he would be giving a series of concerts between 2 and 14 March 2007. The ticket sales showed that Polnareff has not lost his enthusiasm. Polnareff gave a concert on Bastille Day in 2007. Polnareff's "Voyages" was sampled for Necro's song "Light My Fire". The Shortwave Set had a song called "Is It Any Wonder?".In 2005. "Sous Quelle E toile Suis Je ne?" was sampled by Masher. His song "Howards' Thinking Clearly" is on the CD "That's CRAZY Music!" The soundtrack for the 2004 Korean TV drama "Sorry, I love You" is mostly from Polnareff songs. "a n'arrive qu'aux autres" It was aired on the channel. There were two CDs of the soundtrack.In the studio, Polnareff sold in total 3,9 million albums and 4,9 million singles in France. Polnareff, his partner Danyellah and their son Louka were in the documentary "Quand l'écran s'allume". A new album was recorded at the end of the year. On December 8, 2015, Polnareff announced the release of his new album in the first half of 2016 and a new tour of 50 dates, mostly in France but also in Belgium and Switzerland, split into two legs. "L'Homme en rouge", the first single from his upcoming album and his first single since 2006 was released a week before Christmas. "L'Homme en rouge" deals with Santa. Just before the start of the tour, Polnareff revealed that the new album was not finished yet, as he's still working on 3 of the 9 announced tracks due to appear on it, and that he has planned to play live during the tour a new song from it.He had to cancel the end of his tour in December of 2016 because of a double pulmonary embolism. The long-awaited new studio album by Polnareff will be released on November 30th. The press and fans gave the album a warm reception. He had a lot of girlfriends but never married, like his manager, Annie Fargue. He met Danyellah in 2004. On December 28, 2010, Danyellah gave birth to a boy in Los Angeles. He was born in the bathtub.On February 21, 2011, Polnareff announced via a Facebook post that he was not the father of the child. His girlfriend disappeared with the baby, according to a later post. They are back together with their son, Louka. Polnareff had a recording studio in Palm Springs. The name of the character in Hirohiko Araki's "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure" is based on the name of a man. Polnareff in collaboration with Philippe Manuvre and <mask> Desjeunes was published in 2004. Benot Cachi, Polnaculte, :<mask>f, par des auteurs et par lui-mme, ed.Tournon, 2007,Christophe Lauga, Polnareffmania, ed. Polnareff, la véritable histoire d'une légende, was published in 2007. Polnareff, ed., City, 2007. Fabien <mask> Polnareff ed. There are people from Nérac French people of Jewish descent and Russian-Jewish descent.

34340374

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Howat

Alexander Howat

Alexander McWhirter "Alex" Howat (1876–1945) was a Scottish-born American coal miner and trade union leader. Howat is best remembered as the chief opponent of the Kansas Court of Industrial Relations in the early 1920s and as the leader of a radical rank-and-file revolt against the officialdom of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) in 1923. Howat's activity ultimately led to his expulsion from the UMWA in 1930, forcing him into new occupations outside the organized labor movement. Biography Early years Alexander Howat was born in Glasgow, Scotland on September 10, 1876. He emigrated to the United States as a small child, arriving with his parents in 1879. The family lived first in Troy, New York and Braidwood, Illinois, before moving to Crawford County, Kansas, located in the Southeastern corner of the state. There Alex went to work in the coal mines for the first time as a boy of 10. He worked as a coal miner until the age of 22. Howat's activity in the mines soon lead him to membership in the United Mine Workers union. In 1902 he was chosen by his peers as a union official for the first time, when he was elected to the board for District 14 of the UMWA, covering the state of Kansas. In 1906 Howat was elected president of District 14 of the UMWA, retaining that position without interruption until 1914, when he refused to stand for re-election amidst charges of having accepted bribes from mine operators. Following investigation of this corruption charge, which led to Howat's exoneration, he was returned as the president of District 14 UMWA in 1916, remaining in this position through 1921. The Kansas Industrial Relations Act During World War I and the period immediately following the war Howat led several strikes of Kansas coal miners. These work stoppages moved the Kansas Legislature to pass the Kansas Industrial Relations Act in 1920, which banned strikes, picketing, and the use of boycott in favor of a binding Court of Industrial Relations for the resolution of labor disputes. Howat was a bitter opponent of this new system and in 1921 he led a strike in open defiance of the new industrial court arrangement. When he refused to participate in the proceedings of the industrial court, Howat was arrested. Over the next three years Howat was repeatedly jailed and released for his refusal to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Kansas Industrial Court system. UMWA President Lewis and the union's executive board agreed with mine operators that Howat's support of wildcat strikes had constituted a violation of the union's contract, and Howat and other District 14 leaders were removed in favor of newly appointed officials. The charters of 83 Kansas locals were also revoked by the executive board. Howat and the Kansas situation was brought before the September 1921 annual convention of the UMWA at Indianapolis, Indiana. Following protracted debate, the convention voted to sustain the actions of Lewis and its executive board by a vote of 2,753 to 1,781, with the delegations from the Midwestern states of Kansas, Illinois, and Indiana siding with Howat in the minority. Despite Howat's defeat on the main question concerning him, he was elected by the 1921 convention as a delegate of the UMWA to the 1922 International Miners Conference, scheduled to be held in Europe. The battle within the UMWA continued in the months after the September 1921 convention, with Kansas miners, backed by the Illinois district organization, continuing their fight against the International union and the Kansas Industrial Court. In reply, on October 12, 1921, Lewis revoked the charter of District 14 altogether, ousting Howat and his associates in favor of a new slate of "provisional" officers who were to reorganize the district. Those miners continuing to strike against Kansas mine operators without sanction of the UMWA were expelled from the union. Howat's local had its charter revoked and union officials maintained that by this action Howat was himself excluded from the union. The 1922 annual convention of the UMWA was eventful, with Howat and 125 of his expelled followers in attendance. Howat forced his way to the platform to speak, but was denied this opportunity by union president Lewis, who declared that since Howat was neither a delegate nor a member of the union, he was not entitled to recognition by the assembly. Anger erupted on the floor and a debate was permitted on whether Howat should be allowed to bring the Kansas situation before the body. During an interlude in the debate the convention recognized "Mother" Mary Harris Jones, a 92-year-old radical trade union activist, who declared to the convention: "I have known Alex Howat for twenty years, and while I have not always agreed with Alex, I want to make this statement to the audience and to the world: That my desire is to have a million Alex Howats in the nation to fight the battle of the workers. He has fought for his men and he has fought that damnable law that the governor of Kansas put on the statute books to enslave the workers. He fought it nobly and is willing to go to death for it..." More heated debate followed, after which supporters of Howat were narrowly defeated in a roll call vote, amidst a turmoil described by one historian as "stormy scenes verging on rioting." Later union activity No United Mine Workers convention was held in 1923, the annual gathering being held over until January 1924, when it was convened in Indianapolis. It was there that once again Alexander Howat attempted to unite delegates in opposition to the well-entrenched president of the union, John L. Lewis. Howat combined with left wing union organizer Powers Hapgood in attempting to organize left wing delegates associated with the Communist Party's trade union mass organization, the Trade Union Educational League (TUEL) as well as anti-Lewis conservatives in an effort to depose Lewis. The 1924 effort was a wild affair, marked by delegate demonstrations, swarming in the aisles, fist fights, and the copious use of its sergeants-at-arms by the Lewis administration. Chief among the opposition's demands was a call for the election rather than the appointment of union organizers, the election of convention committees by the body as a whole rather than the appointment, the reinstatement of Howat to good graces in the union, and reform of the UMWA's election system. Decisions were made by a deeply divided convention, amidst accusations of falsification of roll call counts by the so-called "Lewis machine." An attempt by Howat to gain a hearing of his case by the convention was once again ruled out of order by virtue of Howat being neither a delegate nor a union member, although he was allowed the right of making an appeal to the Lewis-controlled Committee on Appeals and Grievances. In desperation Howat attempted to rush the platform to speak, but he was stopped by brawny Lewis supporters and forcefully dragged from the platform. Lewis hastily adjourned the meeting and his supporters departed, leaving Howat and the dissidents control of the hall. Howat mounted the platform and delivered a lengthy speech in opposition to Lewis and the standing leadership of the UMWA. The rhetorical triumph proved ephemeral, as Howat and a number of his supporters remained outside of the union, with Lewis firmly retaining control of the organization. In 1924 Howat attended the July convention of the Federated Farmer-Labor Party, an organization sponsored and largely controlled by the Communist Party. Howat was elected chairman of the governing National Committee by the gathering. In 1926 Howat was a supporter of John Brophy in his attempt to depose Lewis from head of the UMWA. This effort, too, ended in failure. In the aftermath of this defeat William Z. Foster of TUEL attempted to carry on the fight against the Lewis regime in the UMWA through an organized faction called the Save the Union Committee. A preliminary conference to establish this group was called in January 1928, attended by 125 delegates, of whom about 20% were Communist Party members. Brophy accepted a place as chairman of this session, although Howat declined playing a public role in this anti-Lewis opposition movement in the hopes that he would eventually be reinstated to the UMWA. The Save the Union Committee held its formal founding convention in Pittsburgh on April 1, 1928, attended by 1100 delegates. The gathering planned a strategic strike of three coal pits in Western Pennsylvania which, if successful, would both bolster ongoing strikes throughout the region as well as establish credibility and prestige for the new miners' reform movement. Sensing that Foster's actual intention was to split the United Mine Workers and establish a new union, both Howat and Brophy moved away from the Save the Union Committee shortly after its formation. By the end of the summer the Save the Union Committee strike had come to a conclusion and a new miners' union was indeed formed, the National Miners' Union, the first of a number of dual unions promoted by the Communist Party and its trade union auxiliary group headed by Foster. Despite his wariness towards the new radical union, Howat was never readmitted to the UMWA, however, and his trade union career effectively came to an end. Later years With his more than two decades in the American trade union movement abruptly terminated by expulsion, Howat began a series of other jobs, working in the 1930s and 1940s as a Kansas state border guard, editor of a labor newspaper, and gaining employment as a city employee of Pittsburg, Kansas. Death and legacy Alexander Howat died in Pittsburg, Kansas on December 10, 1945. See also Trade Union Educational League Footnotes Further reading James P. Cannon, "The Story of Alex Howat," The Liberator, April 1921. Reprinted in James P. Cannon and the Early Years of American Communism. Selected Writings and Speeches, 1920–1928. New York: Spartacist Publishing Co., 1992; pp. 78–84. Lorin Lee Cary, "The Reorganized United Mine Workers of America, 1930–1931," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, vol. 66, no. 3 (Autumn 1973), pp. 245–270. In JSTOR Marc Karson, "Trade Unions in Kansas," in John D. Bright (ed.), Kansas: The First Century. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1956. John H.M. Laslett, Labor and the Left: A Study of Socialism and Radical Influences in the American Labor Movement, 1881–1924. New York: Basic Books, 1971. 1876 births 1945 deaths Trade unionists from Glasgow Trade unionists from Kansas American socialists People from Pittsburg, Kansas Scottish emigrants to the United States

<mask> "Alex<mask> (1876–1945) was a Scottish-born American coal miner and trade union leader. Howat is best remembered as the chief opponent of the Kansas Court of Industrial Relations in the early 1920s and as the leader of a radical rank-and-file revolt against the officialdom of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) in 1923. <mask>'s activity ultimately led to his expulsion from the UMWA in 1930, forcing him into new occupations outside the organized labor movement. Biography Early years <mask> was born in Glasgow, Scotland on September 10, 1876. He emigrated to the United States as a small child, arriving with his parents in 1879. The family lived first in Troy, New York and Braidwood, Illinois, before moving to Crawford County, Kansas, located in the Southeastern corner of the state. There Alex went to work in the coal mines for the first time as a boy of 10.He worked as a coal miner until the age of 22. Howat's activity in the mines soon lead him to membership in the United Mine Workers union. In 1902 he was chosen by his peers as a union official for the first time, when he was elected to the board for District 14 of the UMWA, covering the state of Kansas. In 1906 <mask> was elected president of District 14 of the UMWA, retaining that position without interruption until 1914, when he refused to stand for re-election amidst charges of having accepted bribes from mine operators. Following investigation of this corruption charge, which led to <mask>'s exoneration, he was returned as the president of District 14 UMWA in 1916, remaining in this position through 1921. The Kansas Industrial Relations Act During World War I and the period immediately following the war Howat led several strikes of Kansas coal miners. These work stoppages moved the Kansas Legislature to pass the Kansas Industrial Relations Act in 1920, which banned strikes, picketing, and the use of boycott in favor of a binding Court of Industrial Relations for the resolution of labor disputes.<mask> was a bitter opponent of this new system and in 1921 he led a strike in open defiance of the new industrial court arrangement. When he refused to participate in the proceedings of the industrial court, Howat was arrested. Over the next three years Howat was repeatedly jailed and released for his refusal to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Kansas Industrial Court system. UMWA President Lewis and the union's executive board agreed with mine operators that Howat's support of wildcat strikes had constituted a violation of the union's contract, and Howat and other District 14 leaders were removed in favor of newly appointed officials. The charters of 83 Kansas locals were also revoked by the executive board. Howat and the Kansas situation was brought before the September 1921 annual convention of the UMWA at Indianapolis, Indiana. Following protracted debate, the convention voted to sustain the actions of Lewis and its executive board by a vote of 2,753 to 1,781, with the delegations from the Midwestern states of Kansas, Illinois, and Indiana siding with Howat in the minority.Despite <mask>'s defeat on the main question concerning him, he was elected by the 1921 convention as a delegate of the UMWA to the 1922 International Miners Conference, scheduled to be held in Europe. The battle within the UMWA continued in the months after the September 1921 convention, with Kansas miners, backed by the Illinois district organization, continuing their fight against the International union and the Kansas Industrial Court. In reply, on October 12, 1921, Lewis revoked the charter of District 14 altogether, ousting <mask> and his associates in favor of a new slate of "provisional" officers who were to reorganize the district. Those miners continuing to strike against Kansas mine operators without sanction of the UMWA were expelled from the union. Howat's local had its charter revoked and union officials maintained that by this action Howat was himself excluded from the union. The 1922 annual convention of the UMWA was eventful, with Howat and 125 of his expelled followers in attendance. Howat forced his way to the platform to speak, but was denied this opportunity by union president Lewis, who declared that since Howat was neither a delegate nor a member of the union, he was not entitled to recognition by the assembly.Anger erupted on the floor and a debate was permitted on whether Howat should be allowed to bring the Kansas situation before the body. During an interlude in the debate the convention recognized "Mother" Mary Harris Jones, a 92-year-old radical trade union activist, who declared to the convention: "I have known Alex Howat for twenty years, and while I have not always agreed with Alex, I want to make this statement to the audience and to the world: That my desire is to have a million Alex Howats in the nation to fight the battle of the workers. He has fought for his men and he has fought that damnable law that the governor of Kansas put on the statute books to enslave the workers. He fought it nobly and is willing to go to death for it..." More heated debate followed, after which supporters of Howat were narrowly defeated in a roll call vote, amidst a turmoil described by one historian as "stormy scenes verging on rioting." Later union activity No United Mine Workers convention was held in 1923, the annual gathering being held over until January 1924, when it was convened in Indianapolis. It was there that once again <mask> attempted to unite delegates in opposition to the well-entrenched president of the union, John L. Lewis. Howat combined with left wing union organizer Powers Hapgood in attempting to organize left wing delegates associated with the Communist Party's trade union mass organization, the Trade Union Educational League (TUEL) as well as anti-Lewis conservatives in an effort to depose Lewis.The 1924 effort was a wild affair, marked by delegate demonstrations, swarming in the aisles, fist fights, and the copious use of its sergeants-at-arms by the Lewis administration. Chief among the opposition's demands was a call for the election rather than the appointment of union organizers, the election of convention committees by the body as a whole rather than the appointment, the reinstatement of Howat to good graces in the union, and reform of the UMWA's election system. Decisions were made by a deeply divided convention, amidst accusations of falsification of roll call counts by the so-called "Lewis machine." An attempt by Howat to gain a hearing of his case by the convention was once again ruled out of order by virtue of Howat being neither a delegate nor a union member, although he was allowed the right of making an appeal to the Lewis-controlled Committee on Appeals and Grievances. In desperation Howat attempted to rush the platform to speak, but he was stopped by brawny Lewis supporters and forcefully dragged from the platform. Lewis hastily adjourned the meeting and his supporters departed, leaving Howat and the dissidents control of the hall. Howat mounted the platform and delivered a lengthy speech in opposition to Lewis and the standing leadership of the UMWA.The rhetorical triumph proved ephemeral, as <mask> and a number of his supporters remained outside of the union, with Lewis firmly retaining control of the organization. In 1924 Howat attended the July convention of the Federated Farmer-Labor Party, an organization sponsored and largely controlled by the Communist Party. Howat was elected chairman of the governing National Committee by the gathering. In 1926 Howat was a supporter of John Brophy in his attempt to depose Lewis from head of the UMWA. This effort, too, ended in failure. In the aftermath of this defeat William Z. Foster of TUEL attempted to carry on the fight against the Lewis regime in the UMWA through an organized faction called the Save the Union Committee.A preliminary conference to establish this group was called in January 1928, attended by 125 delegates, of whom about 20% were Communist Party members. Brophy accepted a place as chairman of this session, although Howat declined playing a public role in this anti-Lewis opposition movement in the hopes that he would eventually be reinstated to the UMWA. The Save the Union Committee held its formal founding convention in Pittsburgh on April 1, 1928, attended by 1100 delegates. The gathering planned a strategic strike of three coal pits in Western Pennsylvania which, if successful, would both bolster ongoing strikes throughout the region as well as establish credibility and prestige for the new miners' reform movement. Sensing that Foster's actual intention was to split the United Mine Workers and establish a new union, both <mask> and Brophy moved away from the Save the Union Committee shortly after its formation. By the end of the summer the Save the Union Committee strike had come to a conclusion and a new miners' union was indeed formed, the National Miners' Union, the first of a number of dual unions promoted by the Communist Party and its trade union auxiliary group headed by Foster. Despite his wariness towards the new radical union, Howat was never readmitted to the UMWA, however, and his trade union career effectively came to an end.Later years With his more than two decades in the American trade union movement abruptly terminated by expulsion, Howat began a series of other jobs, working in the 1930s and 1940s as a Kansas state border guard, editor of a labor newspaper, and gaining employment as a city employee of Pittsburg, Kansas. Death and legacy <mask> died in Pittsburg, Kansas on December 10, 1945. See also Trade Union Educational League Footnotes Further reading James P. Cannon, "The Story of <mask>," The Liberator, April 1921. Reprinted in James P. Cannon and the Early Years of American Communism. Selected Writings and Speeches, 1920–1928. New York: Spartacist Publishing Co., 1992; pp. 78–84.Lorin Lee Cary, "The Reorganized United Mine Workers of America, 1930–1931," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, vol. 66, no. 3 (Autumn 1973), pp. 245–270. In JSTOR Marc Karson, "Trade Unions in Kansas," in John D. Bright (ed. ), Kansas: The First Century. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1956.John H.M. Laslett, Labor and the Left: A Study of Socialism and Radical Influences in the American Labor Movement, 1881–1924. New York: Basic Books, 1971. 1876 births 1945 deaths Trade unionists from Glasgow Trade unionists from Kansas American socialists People from Pittsburg, Kansas Scottish emigrants to the United States

<mask> "Alex<mask> was a Scottish-born American coal miner and trade union leader. The leader of a radical rank-and-file revolt against the officialdom of the United Mine Workers of America in 1923, Howat is remembered as the chief opponent of the Kansas Court of Industrial Relations in the early 1920s. The expulsion of <mask> from the UMWA in 1930 forced him into new occupations outside the labor movement. <mask> was born in Glasgow, Scotland on September 10, 1876. He arrived in the United States with his parents in 1879. Before moving to Crawford County, Kansas, the family lived in Troy, New York and Braidwood, Illinois. Alex went to work in the coal mines for the first time when he was 10.He was a coal miner until he was 22. <mask> joined the United Mine Workers union because of his work in the mines. He was elected to the board for District 14 of the UMWA, covering the state of Kansas, after being chosen by his peers as a union official for the first time. In 1906 <mask> was elected president of District 14 of the UMWA, but refused to be re-elected after being accused of accepting bribes from mine operators. The investigation of this corruption charge led to <mask>'s exoneration and he was returned as the president of District 14 UMWA in 1916. During World War I, <mask> led several strikes of Kansas coal miners. The Kansas Legislature passed the Kansas Industrial Relations Act in 1920, which banned strikes, picketing, and boycotts in favor of a binding Court of Industrial Relations for the resolution of labor disputes.In 1921 Howat led a strike in defiance of the new industrial court arrangement, which was a bitter opponent of the new system. <mask> was arrested when he refused to take part in the industrial court proceedings. Howat spent three years in jail for refusing to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Kansas Industrial Court system. Howat and other District 14 leaders were removed in favor of newly appointed officials after the union's executive board agreed with mine operators that Howat's support of wildcat strikes had constituted a violation of the union's contract. The executive board revoked the charters of 83 Kansas locals. The Kansas situation was brought up at the annual convention of the UMWA. The convention voted to sustain the actions of Lewis and his executive board by a vote of 2,753 to 1,781, with the delegations from the Midwestern states of Kansas, Illinois, and Indiana siding with Howat in the minority.He was elected as a delegate of the UMWA to the 1922 International Miners Conference despite <mask>'s defeat on the main question concerning him. In the months after the September 1921 convention, Kansas miners continued their fight against the International union and the Kansas Industrial Court. On October 12, 1921, Lewis revoked the charter of District 14 altogether, ousting Howat and his associates in favor of a new slate of "provisional" officers who were to reorganize the district. The miners who were on strike against Kansas mine operators were kicked out of the union. Howat's local had its charter revoked and union officials said that Howat was excluded from the union. 125 of Howat's followers were expelled from the annual convention of the UMWA in 1922. Howat forced his way to the platform to speak, but was denied this opportunity by union president Lewis, who declared that since Howat was neither a delegate nor a member of the union, he was not entitled to recognition by the assembly.There was a debate on whether Howat should be allowed to bring the Kansas situation before the body. Mary Harris Jones, a 92-year-old radical trade union activist, declared to the convention that she had known Alex Howat for twenty years and that she wanted to make this happen. The law that the governor of Kansas put on the statute books to enslave the workers has been fought by him. The supporters of Howat were narrowly defeated in a roll call vote, amidst a turmoil described by one historian as "stormy scenes verging on rioting." The annual gathering of the No United Mine Workers convention was held until January 1924, when it was held in Indianapolis. <mask> once again tried to unite delegates in opposition to John L. Lewis, the union's president. <mask> and Hapgood attempted to organize left wing delegates associated with the Communist Party's trade union mass organization, the Trade Union Educational League, as well as anti-Lewis conservatives in an effort to depose Lewis.The 1924 effort was marked by delegate demonstrations, fist fights, and the use of its sergeants-at-arms by the Lewis administration. The opposition wanted a call for the election rather than the appointment of union organizers, the election of convention committees by the body as a whole, and the reform of the UMWA's election. The Lewis machine was accused of faking roll call counts, but decisions were made by a deeply divided convention. An attempt by Howat to gain a hearing of his case by the convention was once again ruled out of order by virtue of Howat being neither a delegate nor a union member, although he was allowed the right to make an appeal to the Committee on Appeals and Grievances. Howat tried to speak but was stopped by Lewis supporters and dragged from the platform. Howat and the dissidents control the hall after Lewis adjourned the meeting. Howat delivered a lengthy speech in opposition to Lewis and the standing leadership of the UMWA.Lewis retained control of the organization as <mask> and his supporters remained outside of the union. The Federated Farmer-Labor Party was sponsored and controlled by the Communist Party. <mask> was elected chairman by the gathering. The attempt to depose Lewis from head of the UMWA was made by Howat. This effort ended in failure as well. William Z. was in the aftermath of the defeat. The Save the Union Committee was formed by Foster to carry on the fight against the Lewis regime.A preliminary conference to establish this group was held in January of 1928, and about 20% of the delegates were Communist Party members. Although Howat declined playing a public role in this anti-Lewis opposition movement, he did accept a place as chairman. The Save the Union Committee's founding convention was held in Pittsburgh on April 1, 1928. The gathering planned a strategic strike of three coal pits in Western Pennsylvania which, if successful, would bolster ongoing strikes throughout the region as well as establish credibility and prestige for the new miners' reform movement. The Save the Union Committee was formed because Foster wanted to split the United Mine Workers and establish a new union. The National Miners' Union was formed at the end of the summer when the Save the Union Committee strike came to an end. Howat's trade union career came to an end despite his wariness towards the new radical union.After more than two decades in the American trade union movement, Howat was abruptly terminated by expulsion and began a series of other jobs, working in the 1930s and 1940s as a Kansas state border guard, editor of a labor newspaper, and as a city employee in Pittsburg. <mask> died in Pittsburg, Kansas on December 10, 1945. James P. Cannon wrote "The Story of Alex Howat" in April 1921. It was published in James P. Cannon and the Early Years of American Communism. The Writings and Speeches of the 20th century. New York: Spartacist Publishing Co. 78–4.The Reorganized United Mine Workers of America was published in the Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. 66, no. 3 was published in Autumn 1973. 245–270. John D. Bright wrote "Trade Unions in Kansas." Kansas: The First Century. Lewis Historical Publishing Co. was founded in New York.Labor and the Left: A Study of Socialism and Radical Influences in the American Labor Movement was written by John H.M. Laslett. Basic Books was written in New York. There were trade unionists from Glasgow who died in 1945 and there were people from Pittsburg who died in 1876.

2338857

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Stroud

Don Stroud

Donald Lee Stroud (born September 1, 1943) is an American actor, musician, and surfer. Stroud appeared in many films in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, and starred in over 100 films and 175 television shows to date. Career In 1968 Stroud was a guest star on The Virginian as Rafe Judson and Wally McCullough in the episode titled "Image of an Outlaw." In 1967 he guest starred in the show's season six, episode 10 "Paid in Full" as Frank Hollis, the newly-released convict and son of Ezra Hollis (James Whitmore). Stroud appeared with Clint Eastwood in two films, Coogan's Bluff (1968) and Joe Kidd (1972). He also appeared in several episodes of CBS's Hawaii Five-O including season three's "The Late John Louisiana" and in the Barry Sullivan NBC western series The Road West. Stroud co-starred in Roger Corman’s films Bloody Mama (1970) and Von Richthofen and Brown (1971). Stroud played Roy Brown opposite John Phillip Law's Baron von Richthofen. Corman used Lynn Garrison's Irish aviation facility. Garrison taught Stroud the rudiments of flying so that he could manage to take off and land the aircraft, making some of the footage more realistic. On September 16, 1970, during a low-level sequence flying a two-seat SV4C Stampe biplane across Lake Weston, a large bird flew through the propeller’s arc, striking Garrison in the face, knocking him unconscious. The aircraft flew into five powerlines, snap rolled and plunged into the lake inverted. Garrison and Stroud were rescued some time later. Stroud was unhurt. Garrison required 60 stitches to close a head wound. Don Stroud starred as real-life jewel thief Jack Murphy in the movie Murph the Surf (1975). He also starred in the horror/thriller Death Weekend (1976) and had a supporting role in the cult horror film The Amityville Horror (1979), as well as the miniseries Mrs. Columbo from that same year which starred Kate Mulgrew (Stroud played Lt. Varrick). Stroud co-starred in The Buddy Holly Story (1978) as the late musician's drummer (in which he actually played the drums), and played a James Bond villain in the film Licence to Kill (1989). He played Captain Pat Chambers in the television series Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer and The New Mike Hammer, with Stacy Keach, with whom he appeared in the film The Killer Inside Me (1976). He starred in four television series, notably The New Gidget (1986) where he was a natural to play the "Kahuna", Nash Bridges (1996–2001), and Pensacola: Wings of Gold (1996–2000). He made a brief appearance in the new Hawaii Five-0 on October 10, 2011. In the second season's fourth episode, entitled "Mea Makamae", which means "Treasure" in Hawaiian, Stroud played a bartender. Stroud also earned a black belt in the Hawaiian martial art of Kajukenbo. Selected filmography The Ballad of Josie (1967) - Bratsch Banning (1967) - Man At Golf Course (uncredited) Games (1967) - Norman Madigan (1968) - Hughie Journey to Shiloh (1968) - 'Todo' McLean What's So Bad About Feeling Good? (1968) - Barney Coogan's Bluff (1968) - James Ringerman Explosion (1969) - Richie Kovacs ...tick...tick...tick... (1970) - 'Bengy' Springer Bloody Mama (1970) - Herman Barker Angel Unchained (1970) - Angel Dan August (1971) - Nicky - Episode: "The Meal Ticket"Von Richthofen and Brown (1971) - Roy BrownJoe Kidd (1972) - LamarrSlaughter's Big Rip-Off (1973) - KirkScalawag (1973) - '""Velvet'Cannon (1973) - 3x08 Come Watch Me DiePolice Woman (1974) - Frank Asher - Episode: "Warning: All Wives"The Elevator (1974) - Pete HowarthLive A Little, Steal A Lot (1975) - Jack MurphyTaxi Driver (1976) - Policeman (uncredited)Death Weekend (1976) - 'Lep'The Killer Inside Me (1976) - ElmerHollywood Man (1976) - BarneySudden Death (1977) - Dominic AldoThe Choirboys (1977) - Sam LylesThe Buddy Holly Story (1978) - Jesse CharlesKatie: Portrait of a Centerfold (1978) - 'Sullie' Toulours Search and Destroy (1979) - Buddy GrantThe Amityville Horror (1979) - Father BolenThe Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (1981) - Seth AmesSweet Sixteen (1983) - Billy FranklinMatt Houston (1983) - Cord Cody / Dirk Bronson - 2 episodesThe A-Team (1983) - Deke Watkins - Episode: "A Nice Place to Visit"Hunter (1985) - Sheriff Johnson - Episode: "The Biggest Man in Town"The A-Team (1985) - Walter Tyler - Episode: "Knights of the Road"Murder, She Wrote (1985) - Carey Drayson - Episode: "Murder Takes The Bus"Armed and Dangerous (1986) - Sergeant RizzoTwo to Tango (1988) - James ConradLicence to Kill (1989) - Colonel HellerTwisted Justice (1990) - Luther PontelliDown the Drain (1990) - Dick RogersCartel (1990) - Tony KingMob Boss (1990) - LegrandThe King of the Kickboxers (1990) - AndersonQuantum Leap (1991) - Coach - Episode: "Play Ball - August 6, 1961"Prime Target (1991) - MannyThe Roller Blade Seven (1991) - Desert MauraderReturn of the Roller Blade Seven (1992) - Conga ManThe Legend of the Roller Blade Seven (1992) - Kabuki DevilReturn to Frogtown (1992) - Brandy Stone The Divine Enforcer (1992) - OtisIn the Heat of the Night (1993) - Ron Griff - Episode: "Even Nice People"Renegade (1993) - Kattrain - Episode: "Windy City Blues"The Flesh Merchant (1993) - DelambreIt's Showtime (1993) - BangerCyber Seeker (1993) - IsaacBabylon 5 (1994) - Caliban (Episode - TKO), Boggs (Episode - Ceremonies of Light and Dark)Carnosaur 2 (1995) - Ben KahaneThe Alien Within (1995) - LouisSoldier Boyz (1995) - GatonBabylon 5 (1996) - Boggs (Episode - Ceremonies Of Light And Dark)Precious Find (1996) - Loo SekiLittle Bigfoot (1997) - McKenzieWild America (1997) - StangoPerdita Durango (1997) - SantosThe Haunted Sea (1997) - Chief FosterDetonator (1998) - 'Whip' O'LearyLand of the Free (1998) - Repairman (uncredited)Sutures (2009) - VoightmanDjango Unchained (2012) - Sheriff Bill Sharp Glen Now and Then'' (2017) - Glen (Short) (Completed) References External links To Smile & Play the Villain: An Interview with Don Stroud – January 2001 1943 births Male actors from Hawaii 20th-century American male actors American male film actors American surfers American male television actors American kajukenbo practitioners Living people Male actors from Honolulu Playgirl Men of the Month

<mask> (born September 1, 1943) is an American actor, musician, and surfer. Stroud appeared in many films in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, and starred in over 100 films and 175 television shows to date. Career In 1968 Stroud was a guest star on The Virginian as Rafe Judson and Wally McCullough in the episode titled "Image of an Outlaw." In 1967 he guest starred in the show's season six, episode 10 "Paid in Full" as Frank Hollis, the newly-released convict and son of Ezra Hollis (James Whitmore). Stroud appeared with Clint Eastwood in two films, Coogan's Bluff (1968) and Joe Kidd (1972). He also appeared in several episodes of CBS's Hawaii Five-O including season three's "The Late John Louisiana" and in the Barry Sullivan NBC western series The Road West. Stroud co-starred in Roger Corman’s films Bloody Mama (1970) and Von Richthofen and Brown (1971).<mask> played Roy Brown opposite John Phillip Law's Baron von Richthofen. Corman used Lynn Garrison's Irish aviation facility. Garrison taught Stroud the rudiments of flying so that he could manage to take off and land the aircraft, making some of the footage more realistic. On September 16, 1970, during a low-level sequence flying a two-seat SV4C Stampe biplane across Lake Weston, a large bird flew through the propeller’s arc, striking Garrison in the face, knocking him unconscious. The aircraft flew into five powerlines, snap rolled and plunged into the lake inverted. Garrison and Stroud were rescued some time later. Stroud was unhurt.Garrison required 60 stitches to close a head wound. <mask> starred as real-life jewel thief Jack Murphy in the movie Murph the Surf (1975). He also starred in the horror/thriller Death Weekend (1976) and had a supporting role in the cult horror film The Amityville Horror (1979), as well as the miniseries Mrs. Columbo from that same year which starred Kate Mulgrew (Stroud played Lt. Varrick). Stroud co-starred in The Buddy Holly Story (1978) as the late musician's drummer (in which he actually played the drums), and played a James Bond villain in the film Licence to Kill (1989). He played Captain Pat Chambers in the television series Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer and The New Mike Hammer, with Stacy Keach, with whom he appeared in the film The Killer Inside Me (1976). He starred in four television series, notably The New Gidget (1986) where he was a natural to play the "Kahuna", Nash Bridges (1996–2001), and Pensacola: Wings of Gold (1996–2000). He made a brief appearance in the new Hawaii Five-0 on October 10, 2011.In the second season's fourth episode, entitled "Mea Makamae", which means "Treasure" in Hawaiian, Stroud played a bartender. Stroud also earned a black belt in the Hawaiian martial art of Kajukenbo. Selected filmography The Ballad of Josie (1967) - Bratsch Banning (1967) - Man At Golf Course (uncredited) Games (1967) - Norman Madigan (1968) - Hughie Journey to Shiloh (1968) - 'Todo' McLean What's So Bad About Feeling Good?

<mask> was born on September 1, 1943. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, he starred in over 100 films and 175 television shows. In 1968 he was a guest star on The Virginian as a character named "Image of an Outlaw." He guest starred in the show's season six, episode 10 "Paid in Full" as the son of a convict. In two films, he appeared with Clint Eastwood. He appeared in several episodes of Hawaii Five-O, including season three's "The Late John Louisiana" and Barry Sullivan's NBC western series The Road West. Both Von Richthofen and Brown and Bloody Mama were written and directed by Roger Corman.The Baron von Richthofen was played by John Phillip Law. Lynn Garrison's Irish aviation facility was used by Corman. Garrison made some of the footage more realistic by teaching him how to fly so that he could take off and land the aircraft. Garrison was knocked unconscious when a large bird flew through the propeller and hit him in the face. The aircraft flew into five powerlines and plummeted into the lake. Some time later, Garrison and Stroud were rescued. He was not hurt.Garrison had to have 60 stitches on his head. Jack Murphy was a real-life jewel thief who starred in a movie. He had a supporting role in the cult horror film The Amityville Horror as well as the television show Mrs. Columbo, which starred Kate Mulgrew. In The Buddy Holly Story, he played the late musician's drummer, and in Licence to Kill, he played a James Bond villain. He played Captain Pat Chambers in Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer and The New Mike Hammer as well as in the film The Killer Inside Me. He played the "Kahuna" in The New Gidget, which was one of the four television series he starred in. He made a brief appearance in Hawaii.In the second season's fourth episode, titled "Mea Makamae", Stroud played a bartender. There is a black belt in the Hawaiian martial art of Kajukenbo. What's So Bad About Being Good? is a film by Hughie Journey to Shiloh.

37796971

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupa%20Huq

Rupa Huq

Rupa Asha Huq (; born 2 April 1972) is a British Labour Party politician, columnist and academic. Elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Ealing Central and Acton at the 2015 general election, she was formerly a senior lecturer in sociology at Kingston University. Early life Huq was born in Queen Charlotte's Hospital, Hammersmith, London, England, and grew up on Brunswick Road, Ealing. Huq's father, Muhammad Huq, and mother, Rowshan Ara Huq, immigrated to Britain in 1962 to enable their children to have better opportunities and a higher level of education than was available in East Pakistan (since 1971 Bangladesh). Huq's father (who was also known as Abedul) came from Maksedpur in Pabna city, while her mother (who was also known as Dulali Biswas) was from Kuthipara. Huq's father was training to become an actuary for The Prudential, but gave that up to start an Indian restaurant in Soho, London. After the recession of the early 1990s, the council did not renew the restaurant's lease so the business folded. He opened another restaurant in Harrow but later retired. She attended Montpelier Primary School in Ealing. In 1980, at the age of eight, Huq was featured in the BBC Schools programme Look and Read when the programme visited the school. For her secondary education she attended the private Notting Hill and Ealing High School. In 1993, she graduated with an upper second in Political and Social Sciences and Law from Newnham College, Cambridge, for a BA. In 1999, she completed a PhD in cultural studies with a thesis on youth culture at the University of East London, comparing young people in East London and the Alsace region of France. This included being a post-graduate at Strasbourg II University in France, during which time she also worked at the European Parliament for the Labour Party, shadowing Labour MEP Carole Tongue. In October 2017, Huq told Sky News that she had been sexually harassed by a male MEP at this time. Teaching career In 1998, Huq moved to Manchester. From 1998 to 2004, she was a lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester, during which time she held a Leverhulme Trust Fellowship. From September 2004 until 2015, Huq was a senior lecturer in Sociology and Criminology at Kingston University in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. She has also taught Media and Cultural Studies. Writing and media career Huq has contributed to Tribune, The Guardian, New Statesman, Progress magazine and The Times Higher Education Supplement. Huq's research specialism has chiefly been youth culture and pop music. She has a particular interest in David Bowie. In 2006, her book Beyond Subculture: youth, pop and identity in a post-colonial world on these themes was published. It was subsequently one of five titles shortlisted for the 2007 British Sociological Association Philip Abrams Memorial Prize. In May 2012, her second book Making Sense of Suburbia through Popular Culture was published. Huq was a contributor to the 2011 book What Next for Labour? Ideas for a new generation, published by Queensferry Publishing. In 2013, her books On the Edge: The Contested Cultures of English Suburbia After 7/7 and Making Sense of Suburbia Through Popular Culture were published. Huq has appeared on Channel S and Bangla TV as well as Channel 4 News and BBC News 24. On radio, she has been on the Today programme on BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Asian Network. Huq says that she has been a part-time DJ, saying in 2004, "I first started DJing for a hospital radio station when I was about 17 and now I DJ in clubs and bars in Manchester". Early political career Huq was a researcher for Tony Banks and Patricia Hewitt. In 2004, she stood as a candidate for Labour in the European Parliament election in North West England. In 2005, she stood as the Labour parliamentary candidate in Chesham and Amersham at the 2005 general election. In 2008, she served on a UK government Foreign and Commonwealth "Understanding Islam" delegation to Bangladesh. In 2010, Huq was one of three Labour candidates standing for a council seat in Walpole in the constituency of Ealing. In November 2013, Huq was chosen by Labour as their prospective parliamentary candidate for Ealing Central and Acton constituency to challenge Conservative MP Angie Bray at the 2015 general election. In January 2015, she was one of 15 Labour candidates each given financial support of £10,000 by Lord Matthew Oakeshott, the former Liberal Democrat. During the election campaign, Huq was manhandled by the former vice-chairman of the local Conservative branch, Karim Sacoor, who was caught on video repeatedly attempting to drag her away from Boris Johnson, who was campaigning with her Conservative rival Angie Bray. Parliamentary career In May 2015, Huq won the Ealing Central and Acton seat with 22,002 votes, previous incumbent Angie Bray received 21,728 votes, with a turnout of 71.4%. In April 2017, the Green Party decided not to contest her seat in the general election, commenting, "By and large we quite like Rupa. She has made quite prominent statements on proportional representation and Heathrow, as well as climate change and environmental issues in regards to Brexit." In May 2017, Vince Cable commented how he gave Huq a lift home from a joint speaking engagement, saying, "We talked for a couple of hours, and it was very clear that on almost every issue our views were almost identical. And so I would find it difficult to vote against somebody like that, and I hope that our people around the country are discriminating and think and act in a constructive way." In June 2017, in the general election, Huq retained her seat with an increased majority. Positions Huq was appointed vice chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Music Group and All-Party Parliamentary on Crossrail. She chairs the All-Party Parliamentary Group on London, with specific reference to planning and the built environment. Since her election, Huq has been a member of the Justice Select Committee. In October 2016, Huq was appointed as a member of the Shadow Home Affairs team in the Labour Party's frontbench in Parliament. She is Shadow Home Office Minister for Crime Prevention. Huq led from the frontbench on the bill before the House of Commons to equalise Civil Partnerships to include heterosexual couples. Political views Labour Party In June 2015, she was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election, although she later supported Yvette Cooper. She supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election. She nominated Keir Starmer as a candidate in the 2020 Labour leadership election. Racial issues In April 2016, Huq defended suspended Labour MP Naz Shah during an interview on BBC's Today programme by comparing "alleged anti-Semitic" posts about Israel shared by Shah on social media to a photo Huq shared of Boris Johnson on a zip-wire next to Barack Obama. She also stressed the fact that Shah's comments were made before she became an MP and that some online comments should not be taken seriously. Subsequently, Huq was accused of "trivialising racism". Huq later apologised, saying she was not "fully aware" of Shah's comments before defending her. In April 2016, Huq criticised BBC and ITV productions for demonstrating inferiority to other races, claiming that some areas of television had yet to move forward from the sitcoms of the 1970s. She also criticised Citizen Khans "Islamophobic" depiction of a "quite backward" family of Muslims. In March 2018, Huq received a suspicious package containing an anti-Islamic letter and sticky liquid. The substance was later found to be harmless. Similar packages were received by fellow Labour MPs Mohammad Yasin, Rushanara Ali and Afzal Khan. In May 2018, Huq told colleagues in Westminster Hall that BAME MPs regularly have their access to the House of Commons estate questioned. She said: "I have been stopped more times in this place since my election in 2015, than in 43 years outside." Furthermore, Huq and fellow Labour MP Tulip Siddiq are mistaken for one another, though they do not look alike. Huq added: "I imagine most BME MPs have encountered it in some form or other." In June 2019, Huq was the subject of formal complaints to the Labour Party by two former employees for alleged anti-Semitic behaviour. The Jewish Labour Movement called for her to have the party whip suspended in consequence. The allegations were dismissed due to insufficient evidence. Huq had resigned from Labour Friends of Israel shortly before the allegations were made. Brexit In May 2017, Huq said "I am an MP who is a resolute remainer ... I will continue to fight for the UK to stay in the EU and vote accordingly. For me this is respecting the will of the people in Ealing, Acton and Chiswick." In April 2018, whilst writing for Business Insider Huq said, Brexit is "not carved into concrete, untouchable and unchangeable" arguing that "If the cost of Brexit reaches a point where the British people decide it's not worth it, then they're perfectly entitled to change their minds about whether it's the right path." In December 2018, she accused UK Prime Minister Theresa May of having "a sort of premature parliamentary ejaculation—that has put the lie to the claim that she sticks to her guns." over her decision to delay a parliamentary vote on the government's Brexit deal. May responded with "I think she will see that I am not capable of a parliamentary ejaculation", which was followed by raucous laughter in the House of Commons. Politics teaching In January 2018, she said that the A Level history syllabus was biased against Labour because it omitted the 1945–51 Labour government, ends just before Tony Blair's Labour government in 1997 and asks pupils to list Conservative strengths and Labour weaknesses. In February, in personal film for the Daily Politics series, Huq said it was "dangerous to deny that these things [Blair–Brown administrations, or the post-war Labour government which brought in the welfare state and National Health Service] ever happened" and she argued there was a pro-Conservative bias to what was being taught with a risk of "brainwashing our kids". Personal life Huq has a son, Rafi (born 2004). Her elder sister, Nutun, is an architect. Her younger sister is former Blue Peter presenter Konnie Huq. Her father was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2008, and died on 5 September 2014. Her mother died on 21 May 2017 after being ill for several months. Huq speaks English, Bengali, French and Hindi. Books See also British Bangladeshi List of British Bangladeshis List of English writers List of Muslim writers and poets List of ethnic minority politicians in the United Kingdom References Further reading Rupa Huq on Economic and Social Research Council A week in the life of...Rupa Huq Huq, Rupa. From the margins to mainstream? Representations of British Asian youth musical cultural expression from bhangra to Asian underground music. February 2003 Burgin, Paul. Interview with Rupa Huq. SoundCloud. March 2012 External links Rupa Huq on guardian.com Rupa Huq on New Statesman Rupa Huq on Tribune Rupa Huq on The Huffington Post 1972 births Living people English Muslims English people of Bangladeshi descent English sociologists Muslim writers English women non-fiction writers British Asian writers 21st-century English writers 21st-century English women writers English journalists English columnists American women columnists Online journalists Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies British politicians of Bangladeshi descent 21st-century British women politicians English DJs The Guardian journalists HuffPost writers and columnists Writers from London Journalists from London People from Hammersmith People from Ealing Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester Academics of Kingston University People educated at Notting Hill & Ealing High School Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge Alumni of the University of East London Marc Bloch University alumni UK MPs 2015–2017 UK MPs 2017–2019 UK MPs 2019–present 21st-century American women

<mask> (; born 2 April 1972) is a British Labour Party politician, columnist and academic. Elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Ealing Central and Acton at the 2015 general election, she was formerly a senior lecturer in sociology at Kingston University. Early life <mask> was born in Queen Charlotte's Hospital, Hammersmith, London, England, and grew up on Brunswick Road, Ealing. <mask>'s father, <mask>, and mother, <mask>, immigrated to Britain in 1962 to enable their children to have better opportunities and a higher level of education than was available in East Pakistan (since 1971 Bangladesh). <mask>'s father (who was also known as Abedul) came from Maksedpur in Pabna city, while her mother (who was also known as Dulali Biswas) was from Kuthipara. <mask>'s father was training to become an actuary for The Prudential, but gave that up to start an Indian restaurant in Soho, London. After the recession of the early 1990s, the council did not renew the restaurant's lease so the business folded.He opened another restaurant in Harrow but later retired. She attended Montpelier Primary School in Ealing. In 1980, at the age of eight, Huq was featured in the BBC Schools programme Look and Read when the programme visited the school. For her secondary education she attended the private Notting Hill and Ealing High School. In 1993, she graduated with an upper second in Political and Social Sciences and Law from Newnham College, Cambridge, for a BA. In 1999, she completed a PhD in cultural studies with a thesis on youth culture at the University of East London, comparing young people in East London and the Alsace region of France. This included being a post-graduate at Strasbourg II University in France, during which time she also worked at the European Parliament for the Labour Party, shadowing Labour MEP Carole Tongue.In October 2017, <mask> told Sky News that she had been sexually harassed by a male MEP at this time. Teaching career In 1998, Huq moved to Manchester. From 1998 to 2004, she was a lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester, during which time she held a Leverhulme Trust Fellowship. From September 2004 until 2015, <mask> was a senior lecturer in Sociology and Criminology at Kingston University in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. She has also taught Media and Cultural Studies. Writing and media career <mask> has contributed to Tribune, The Guardian, New Statesman, Progress magazine and The Times Higher Education Supplement. <mask>'s research specialism has chiefly been youth culture and pop music.She has a particular interest in David Bowie. In 2006, her book Beyond Subculture: youth, pop and identity in a post-colonial world on these themes was published. It was subsequently one of five titles shortlisted for the 2007 British Sociological Association Philip Abrams Memorial Prize. In May 2012, her second book Making Sense of Suburbia through Popular Culture was published. <mask> was a contributor to the 2011 book What Next for Labour? Ideas for a new generation, published by Queensferry Publishing. In 2013, her books On the Edge: The Contested Cultures of English Suburbia After 7/7 and Making Sense of Suburbia Through Popular Culture were published.<mask> has appeared on Channel S and Bangla TV as well as Channel 4 News and BBC News 24. On radio, she has been on the Today programme on BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Asian Network. <mask> says that she has been a part-time DJ, saying in 2004, "I first started DJing for a hospital radio station when I was about 17 and now I DJ in clubs and bars in Manchester". Early political career <mask> was a researcher for Tony Banks and Patricia Hewitt. In 2004, she stood as a candidate for Labour in the European Parliament election in North West England. In 2005, she stood as the Labour parliamentary candidate in Chesham and Amersham at the 2005 general election. In 2008, she served on a UK government Foreign and Commonwealth "Understanding Islam" delegation to Bangladesh.In 2010, <mask> was one of three Labour candidates standing for a council seat in Walpole in the constituency of Ealing. In November 2013, <mask> was chosen by Labour as their prospective parliamentary candidate for Ealing Central and Acton constituency to challenge Conservative MP Angie Bray at the 2015 general election. In January 2015, she was one of 15 Labour candidates each given financial support of £10,000 by Lord Matthew Oakeshott, the former Liberal Democrat. During the election campaign, <mask> was manhandled by the former vice-chairman of the local Conservative branch, Karim Sacoor, who was caught on video repeatedly attempting to drag her away from Boris Johnson, who was campaigning with her Conservative rival Angie Bray. Parliamentary career In May 2015, <mask> won the Ealing Central and Acton seat with 22,002 votes, previous incumbent Angie Bray received 21,728 votes, with a turnout of 71.4%. In April 2017, the Green Party decided not to contest her seat in the general election, commenting, "By and large we quite like Rupa. She has made quite prominent statements on proportional representation and Heathrow, as well as climate change and environmental issues in regards to Brexit."In May 2017, Vince Cable commented how he gave Huq a lift home from a joint speaking engagement, saying, "We talked for a couple of hours, and it was very clear that on almost every issue our views were almost identical. And so I would find it difficult to vote against somebody like that, and I hope that our people around the country are discriminating and think and act in a constructive way." In June 2017, in the general election, <mask> retained her seat with an increased majority. Positions <mask> was appointed vice chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Music Group and All-Party Parliamentary on Crossrail. She chairs the All-Party Parliamentary Group on London, with specific reference to planning and the built environment. Since her election, <mask> has been a member of the Justice Select Committee. In October 2016, Huq was appointed as a member of the Shadow Home Affairs team in the Labour Party's frontbench in Parliament.She is Shadow Home Office Minister for Crime Prevention. Huq led from the frontbench on the bill before the House of Commons to equalise Civil Partnerships to include heterosexual couples. Political views Labour Party In June 2015, she was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election, although she later supported Yvette Cooper. She supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election. She nominated Keir Starmer as a candidate in the 2020 Labour leadership election. Racial issues In April 2016, <mask> defended suspended Labour MP Naz Shah during an interview on BBC's Today programme by comparing "alleged anti-Semitic" posts about Israel shared by Shah on social media to a photo Huq shared of Boris Johnson on a zip-wire next to Barack Obama. She also stressed the fact that Shah's comments were made before she became an MP and that some online comments should not be taken seriously.Subsequently, Huq was accused of "trivialising racism". <mask> later apologised, saying she was not "fully aware" of Shah's comments before defending her. In April 2016, <mask> criticised BBC and ITV productions for demonstrating inferiority to other races, claiming that some areas of television had yet to move forward from the sitcoms of the 1970s. She also criticised Citizen Khans "Islamophobic" depiction of a "quite backward" family of Muslims. In March 2018, <mask> received a suspicious package containing an anti-Islamic letter and sticky liquid. The substance was later found to be harmless. Similar packages were received by fellow Labour MPs Mohammad Yasin, Rushanara Ali and Afzal Khan.In May 2018, <mask> told colleagues in Westminster Hall that BAME MPs regularly have their access to the House of Commons estate questioned. She said: "I have been stopped more times in this place since my election in 2015, than in 43 years outside." Furthermore, <mask> and fellow Labour MP Tulip Siddiq are mistaken for one another, though they do not look alike. <mask> added: "I imagine most BME MPs have encountered it in some form or other." In June 2019, <mask> was the subject of formal complaints to the Labour Party by two former employees for alleged anti-Semitic behaviour. The Jewish Labour Movement called for her to have the party whip suspended in consequence. The allegations were dismissed due to insufficient evidence.<mask> had resigned from Labour Friends of Israel shortly before the allegations were made. Brexit In May 2017, <mask> said "I am an MP who is a resolute remainer ... I will continue to fight for the UK to stay in the EU and vote accordingly. For me this is respecting the will of the people in Ealing, Acton and Chiswick." In April 2018, whilst writing for Business Insider <mask> said, Brexit is "not carved into concrete, untouchable and unchangeable" arguing that "If the cost of Brexit reaches a point where the British people decide it's not worth it, then they're perfectly entitled to change their minds about whether it's the right path." In December 2018, she accused UK Prime Minister Theresa May of having "a sort of premature parliamentary ejaculation—that has put the lie to the claim that she sticks to her guns." over her decision to delay a parliamentary vote on the government's Brexit deal.May responded with "I think she will see that I am not capable of a parliamentary ejaculation", which was followed by raucous laughter in the House of Commons. Politics teaching In January 2018, she said that the A Level history syllabus was biased against Labour because it omitted the 1945–51 Labour government, ends just before Tony Blair's Labour government in 1997 and asks pupils to list Conservative strengths and Labour weaknesses. In February, in personal film for the Daily Politics series, <mask> said it was "dangerous to deny that these things [Blair–Brown administrations, or the post-war Labour government which brought in the welfare state and National Health Service] ever happened" and she argued there was a pro-Conservative bias to what was being taught with a risk of "brainwashing our kids". Personal life <mask> has a son, Rafi (born 2004). Her elder sister, Nutun, is an architect. Her younger sister is former Blue Peter presenter Konnie <mask>. Her father was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2008, and died on 5 September 2014.Her mother died on 21 May 2017 after being ill for several months. Huq speaks English, Bengali, French and Hindi. Books See also British Bangladeshi List of British Bangladeshis List of English writers List of Muslim writers and poets List of ethnic minority politicians in the United Kingdom References Further reading <mask> <mask> on Economic and Social Research Council A week in the life of...<mask> <mask> <mask>, Rupa. From the margins to mainstream? Representations of British Asian youth musical cultural expression from bhangra to Asian underground music. February 2003 Burgin, Paul. Interview with <mask> <mask>.SoundCloud. March 2012 External links <mask> <mask> on guardian.com <mask> <mask> on New Statesman <mask> <mask> on Tribune <mask> <mask> on The Huffington Post 1972 births Living people English Muslims English people of Bangladeshi descent English sociologists Muslim writers English women non-fiction writers British Asian writers 21st-century English writers 21st-century English women writers English journalists English columnists American women columnists Online journalists Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies British politicians of Bangladeshi descent 21st-century British women politicians English DJs The Guardian journalists HuffPost writers and columnists Writers from London Journalists from London People from Hammersmith People from Ealing Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester Academics of Kingston University People educated at Notting Hill & Ealing High School Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge Alumni of the University of East London Marc Bloch University alumni UK MPs 2015–2017 UK MPs 2017–2019 UK MPs 2019–present 21st-century American women

<mask> was born on 2 April 1972 and is a British Labour Party politician. She was a senior lecturer in sociology at Kingston University before she became an elected Member of Parliament. <mask> was born in Queen Charlotte's Hospital in London, England, and grew up on Brunswick Road in Ealing. <mask> and <mask> moved to Britain in 1962 to enable their children to have better opportunities and a higher level of education than was available in East Pakistan. <mask>'s father and mother were both from Maksedpur in Pabna city. <mask>'s father gave up his job as an actuary to start an Indian restaurant in London. After the recession of the early 1990s, the restaurant's lease was not renewed by the council.He opened another restaurant and retired. She attended a primary school. <mask> was featured in the Look and Read programme when he was eight years old. She attended two private schools for her secondary education. She graduated with a second degree in Political and Social Sciences and Law from Newnham College in 1993. She completed a PhD in cultural studies at the University of East London in 1999 and compared young people in East London and the Alsace region of France. She worked at the European Parliament for the Labour Party while she was a post-graduate at Strasbourg II University in France.<mask> told Sky News that she had been sexually harassed by a male member of the European Parliament. Huq moved to Manchester in 1998. She was a lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester from 1998 to 2004. Huq was a senior lecturer in Sociology and Criminology at Kingston University. She taught Media and Cultural Studies. <mask> has written for Tribune, The Guardian, New Statesman, Progress magazine and The Times Higher Education Supplement. Youth culture and pop music have been the focus of <mask>'s research.She is interested in David Bowie. Her book Beyond Subculture: youth, pop and identity in a post-colonial world was published in 2006 It was one of five titles that were considered for the prize. Making Sense of Suburbia through Popular Culture was her second book. The book What Next for Labour? was written by Huq. Queensferry Publishing published ideas for a new generation. She published two books in 2013; On the Edge: The Contested Cultures of English Suburbia After 7/7 and Making Sense of Suburbia Through Popular Culture.<mask> has appeared on Channel S and Bangla TV. She is on the Today programme on Radio 4, Radio 5 Live and the Asian Network. <mask> says that she has been a part-time DJ since 2004, when she started DJing for a hospital radio station. <mask> was a researcher for Tony Banks. She was a candidate for the European Parliament in 2004. She was the Labour parliamentary candidate in Chesham and Amersham in 2005. She was a member of the Foreign and Commonwealth "Understanding Islam" delegation to Bangladesh.<mask> was a Labour candidate in 2010 for a council seat in the constituency of Ealing. In November of last year, <mask> was chosen by the Labour Party to be their parliamentary candidate for the 2015 general election. She was one of 15 Labour candidates who received financial support from Lord Matthew Oakeshott. During the election campaign, <mask> was manhandled by the former vice-chairman of the local Conservative branch, Karim Sacoor, who was caught on video repeatedly attempting to drag her away from Boris Johnson, who was campaigning with her Conservative rival. In May 2015, <mask> won the Ealing Central and Acton seat with 22,002 votes, and previous incumbent Angie Bray received 21,728 votes. The Green Party decided not to contest her seat in the general election. She has made a lot of statements regarding proportional representation, climate change, and environmental issues.In May of last year, Vince Cable commented on how he gave Huq a lift home from a speaking engagement, saying, "We talked for a couple of hours, and it was very clear that on almost every issue our views were almost identical." I would find it difficult to vote against someone like that, and I hope that our people around the country are thinking and acting in a constructive way. Huq retained her seat in the general election. Huq was appointed vice chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Music Group. She chairs the All-Party Parliamentary Group on London with reference to planning and the built environment. Huq is a member of the Justice Select Committee. <mask> was appointed to the Shadow Home Affairs team in October of 2016She is the Shadow Home Office Minister. Huq was the leader of the bill in the House of Commons to equalize Civil Partnerships to include heterosexual couples. In June 2015, she was one of 36 Labour MPs who nominated Jeremy Corbyn for the Labour leadership election. She supported Owen Smith in the Labour Party leadership election. She nominated Keir Starmer as a candidate. Huq shared a photo of Boris Johnson on a zip-wire next to Barack Obama and defended suspended Labour MP Naz Shah for sharing anti-Semitic posts on social media. She said that some online comments should not be taken seriously and that Shah's comments were made before she became an MP.<mask> was accused of trivialising racism. <mask> said she was unaware of Shah's comments before defending her. <mask> said in April 2016 that some areas of television had yet to move forward from the sitcoms of the 1970s. She criticized the depiction of a backward family of Muslims by Citizen Khan. <mask> received a package in March of last year. The substance was found to be harmless. Similar packages were received by other Labour MPs.BAME MPs have their access to the House of Commons questioned frequently, according to Huq. She said that she has been stopped more times in this place since her election than outside. <mask> and Tulip Siddiq are mistaken for each other. Huq thinks most BME MPs have encountered it. Two former Huq employees made complaints to the Labour Party about anti-Semitic behavior. The Jewish Labour Movement called for her to be suspended from the party. There wasn't enough evidence to dismiss the allegations.Shortly before the allegations were made, <mask> resigned from Labour Friends of Israel. Huq said in May 2017: "I am an MP who is a resolute remainer." I will keep fighting for the UK to stay in the EU. This is respecting the will of the people in the area. "If the British people decide it's not worth it, then they're perfectly entitled to change their minds," wrote <mask> for Business Insider in April. She accused Theresa May of having a sort of premature parliamentary ejaculation that put the lie to the claim that she sticks to her guns. She decided to delay a parliamentary vote on the government's deal.After May said she was not capable of a parliamentary ejaculation, laughter erupted in the House of Commons. She said that the A Level history syllabus was biased against Labour because it did not include the 1945–51 Labour government and asked students to list Conservative strengths and Labour weaknesses. In a personal film for the Daily Politics series, <mask> argued that the Blair–Brown administrations and the post-war Labour government brought in the welfare state and National Health Service. Huq has a son. Her older sister is an architect. Konnie <mask> was a Blue Peter host. Her father died of cancer in September of last year.Her mother passed away on May 21st. Huq is bilingual in English, Bengali, French and Hindi. <mask> <mask> on Economic and Social Research Council A week in the life of...<mask> <mask>, Rupa. From the margins to the mainstream? There are depictions of British Asian youth musical cultural expression. February 2003 Burgin. Interview with <mask> <mask>.There is a platform called SoundCloud. <mask> <mask> has links on guardian.com, Tribune, and The Huffington Post.

2881271

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1niel%20Berzsenyi

Dániel Berzsenyi

Dániel Berzsenyi (; 7 May 1776 in Hetye (now Egyházashetye) – 24 February 1836 in Nikla) was a Hungarian poet. Berzsenyi was one of the most contradictory poets of Hungarian literature. He lived the life of a farmer, and wished to be close to the events of Hungarian literature. This contradiction, which he believed he could solve, made him a lonesome, introverted and bitter poet. His works show signs of classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism. Biography Berzsenyi was born the only child of an old noble family. Although his father had a degree in law, he worked on his farm and didn't practise as a lawyer. The father believed that his weak and sickly son must first get physically strong working on the farm. In his opinion, teaching children is only acceptable after the age of ten. In the autumn of 1788, the 12-year-old Berzsenyi began his studies at the evangelical lyceum in Sopron. He spent seven years there, with shorter and longer interruption. Due to his over-age, he had a hard time conforming himself to the discipline of the school and came up often against the customs; he often missed his lessons. In 1793, he left Sopron without finishing his studies and enlisted into the army, but he stayed there only for less than a year. Although he never finished his studies, the years spent in Sopron left a deep impression in him. He read many books, acquired outstanding knowledge of the main subjects of that age, of the Latin and German language. His works point to the fact, that he knew the Roman mythology well, and that his ideal was the Roman Horace. His father found Berzsenyi's behavior in Sopron unacceptable, and the relationship of son and father got worse and worse. Due to his frequent conflicts with his father, he didn't return home from Sopron, but travelled to Nikla, to his uncle. He returned to his father for a few years, but the situation became even worse with the death of his mother in the autumn of 1794, who was a lightning rod of some kind between the two men. Poetic era As an "escape" from his father, he married the 14-year-old Zsuzsanna Dukai Takács, the daughter of a wealthy noble and settled with her on her farm near Sömjén. Berzsenyi became a self-supporting and outstanding farmer. In 1804, they moved to Nikla, Somogy county. On the outside, he seemed to be satisfied, but his works prove this wrong. On one hand, he was truly satisfied with his achievements as a farmer. On the other hand, he suffered from the lack of people he could converse with about literature or sciences. Berzsenyi wrote poems from age twenty (1796), but hid them from his friends and family. In 1803, János Kis, an evangelic cleric and the godfather of one of his children, caught him while he was writing. Kis discovered the poet in Berzsenyi, and sent three of his works to Ferenc Kazinczy, who was rather enthusiastic about them. (A magyarokhoz - To the Hungarians; Nagy Lajos és Hunyadi Mátyás - Louis the Great and Mathias of Hunyad; A reggel - The dawn) In 1808, he sent János Kis a whole book of verse with 77 poems. Unfortunately, he didn't date the poems, making it impossible to tell the exact time he wrote them. Kis sent them on to Ferenc Kazinczy to support their printed publishment. Kazinczy read them and sent Berzsenyi his first, enthusiastic mail. Naturally Berzsenyi sent his reply, and their long mailing began. He left Nikla very rarely, he didn't like going away from home. He only visited Pest only twice: in March 1810, and at the end of May 1813. The first time he met Kazinczy's poet friends, waking dispositions for each other. (Pál Szemere, Ferenc Kölcsey, Michaly Vitkovics and István Horvát) In 1812, he spent a week in Vienna. Here, he had a picture painted of himself in preparation for the front cover of his book. Scientific era After 1810, he had a rather unproductive era, possibly due to the matters of farming and quarrels with his family. His loneliness, his mood, prone to melancholy, and versatile health made him very vulnerable. From 1816 on, he had problems with his health almost every year. He read Kölcsey's strict, sometimes unfair recension in this unlucky state of body and mind. The recension was published in the issue of Tudományos Gyűjtemény (Scientific Collection) in July, 1817. Berzsenyi felt the criticism degrading, undeserved and unfounded. He believed that it was a personal attack and that it was Ferenc Kazinczy behind the recension. Their mailing was suspended for three years. After Kölcsey's recension Berzsenyi wrote only a few more poems. His greatest wish was to give Kölcsey an appropriate answer. In his first indignation he wrote his anti-recension without any scientific preparation, as - until this time - he didn't study aesthetics. Although he sent it to the editors of Tudományos Gyűjtemény (Scientific Collection), but it was never published. He never got the manuscript back, despite his pressing requests. In the next years, the place of poetic creation was taken by scientific works and the study of aesthetics and literature: he tried to make up for the gaps in his knowledge. The "appropriate" answer was published in 1825 with the title "Észrevételek Kölcsey recenziójára" (Observations about Kölcsey's recension) in the September issue of the Tudományos Gyűjtemény (Scientific Collection) - he spent eight years making it. He refused Kölcsey's pretensions based on the aesthetics of classicism in the name of romanticism: he is a poet who cannot be judged by the rules of hellenism. (By 1825 Kölcsey changed his previous poetic-aesthetic views) Berzsenyi spent most of his time on sciences, the numerous essays show this. He published "A versformákról" (About versifications). Between 1829 and 1834, he wrote "Kriticai levelek" (Critical letters) as well. In 1830 he became the first provincial member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His inaugural was published in 1833 with the title "Poetai harmonistica" (Poetical harmony). In this essay he favored the aesthetic thesis of classicism over those of romanticism: the main regularity in the world is the harmony. In 1833, he also wrote "A magyarországi mezei szorgalom némely akadályairul" (in modern English: About some obstacles of farming in Hungary). In the last years of his life, he ailed almost all the time: he cured himself in Balatonfüred and the medicinal baths of Buda. He often attended the conferences of the Tudós társaság (roughly: Scientific group) and planned to move to the capital), but couldn't finish this plan. He died on 24 February 1836 in Nikla. Kölcsey's expiatory memorial heroic was read by Michael Helmeczy on the Academy. Work Horatius' poetry and his philosophy - abstention from extreme emotions, the golden middle course - seemed to determine his life and poetry. Most of the criticals of his age described him as Horatius-copyist. He often used ancient verse forms and applied them successfully to the Hungarian language. Berzsenyi got classicist inspiration from Horace and the Hungarian Benedek Virág, but he couldn't possibly be successful in forcing the views of ancient poets on himself. Behind the antique verse forms it isn't the classical balance and harmony we can find: it is the longing for these qualities. His closing to romanticism from classicism can be addressed to the works of German poets and writers like Gessner and Matthisson. Two styles were present in his poetry at the same time - just as the land-owner and the poet in his life, but slowly his ideals were worn out by reality. Disappointment, disillusioned distress take the place of his dreams. In his poem "Barátaimhoz" (To my friends) he says his earlier feelings, dreams to be pointless and remembers his poetic work in past time. References External links 1776 births 1836 deaths People from Vas County Hungarian male poets Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 18th-century Hungarian poets 19th-century Hungarian poets 18th-century Hungarian male writers 19th-century Hungarian male writers

<mask> (; 7 May 1776 in Hetye (now Egyházashetye) – 24 February 1836 in Nikla) was a Hungarian poet. Berzsenyi was one of the most contradictory poets of Hungarian literature. He lived the life of a farmer, and wished to be close to the events of Hungarian literature. This contradiction, which he believed he could solve, made him a lonesome, introverted and bitter poet. His works show signs of classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism. Biography <mask> was born the only child of an old noble family. Although his father had a degree in law, he worked on his farm and didn't practise as a lawyer.The father believed that his weak and sickly son must first get physically strong working on the farm. In his opinion, teaching children is only acceptable after the age of ten. In the autumn of 1788, the 12-year-old Berzsenyi began his studies at the evangelical lyceum in Sopron. He spent seven years there, with shorter and longer interruption. Due to his over-age, he had a hard time conforming himself to the discipline of the school and came up often against the customs; he often missed his lessons. In 1793, he left Sopron without finishing his studies and enlisted into the army, but he stayed there only for less than a year. Although he never finished his studies, the years spent in Sopron left a deep impression in him.He read many books, acquired outstanding knowledge of the main subjects of that age, of the Latin and German language. His works point to the fact, that he knew the Roman mythology well, and that his ideal was the Roman Horace. His father found <mask>'s behavior in Sopron unacceptable, and the relationship of son and father got worse and worse. Due to his frequent conflicts with his father, he didn't return home from Sopron, but travelled to Nikla, to his uncle. He returned to his father for a few years, but the situation became even worse with the death of his mother in the autumn of 1794, who was a lightning rod of some kind between the two men. Poetic era As an "escape" from his father, he married the 14-year-old Zsuzsanna Dukai Takács, the daughter of a wealthy noble and settled with her on her farm near Sömjén. <mask> became a self-supporting and outstanding farmer.In 1804, they moved to Nikla, Somogy county. On the outside, he seemed to be satisfied, but his works prove this wrong. On one hand, he was truly satisfied with his achievements as a farmer. On the other hand, he suffered from the lack of people he could converse with about literature or sciences. Berzsenyi wrote poems from age twenty (1796), but hid them from his friends and family. In 1803, János Kis, an evangelic cleric and the godfather of one of his children, caught him while he was writing. Kis discovered the poet in Berzsenyi, and sent three of his works to Ferenc Kazinczy, who was rather enthusiastic about them.(A magyarokhoz - To the Hungarians; Nagy Lajos és Hunyadi Mátyás - Louis the Great and Mathias of Hunyad; A reggel - The dawn) In 1808, he sent János Kis a whole book of verse with 77 poems. Unfortunately, he didn't date the poems, making it impossible to tell the exact time he wrote them. Kis sent them on to Ferenc Kazinczy to support their printed publishment. Kazinczy read them and sent Berzsenyi his first, enthusiastic mail. Naturally <mask> sent his reply, and their long mailing began. He left Nikla very rarely, he didn't like going away from home. He only visited Pest only twice: in March 1810, and at the end of May 1813.The first time he met Kazinczy's poet friends, waking dispositions for each other. (Pál Szemere, Ferenc Kölcsey, Michaly Vitkovics and István Horvát) In 1812, he spent a week in Vienna. Here, he had a picture painted of himself in preparation for the front cover of his book. Scientific era After 1810, he had a rather unproductive era, possibly due to the matters of farming and quarrels with his family. His loneliness, his mood, prone to melancholy, and versatile health made him very vulnerable. From 1816 on, he had problems with his health almost every year. He read Kölcsey's strict, sometimes unfair recension in this unlucky state of body and mind.The recension was published in the issue of Tudományos Gyűjtemény (Scientific Collection) in July, 1817. Berzsenyi felt the criticism degrading, undeserved and unfounded. He believed that it was a personal attack and that it was Ferenc Kazinczy behind the recension. Their mailing was suspended for three years. After Kölcsey's recension <mask> wrote only a few more poems. His greatest wish was to give Kölcsey an appropriate answer. In his first indignation he wrote his anti-recension without any scientific preparation, as - until this time - he didn't study aesthetics.Although he sent it to the editors of Tudományos Gyűjtemény (Scientific Collection), but it was never published. He never got the manuscript back, despite his pressing requests. In the next years, the place of poetic creation was taken by scientific works and the study of aesthetics and literature: he tried to make up for the gaps in his knowledge. The "appropriate" answer was published in 1825 with the title "Észrevételek Kölcsey recenziójára" (Observations about Kölcsey's recension) in the September issue of the Tudományos Gyűjtemény (Scientific Collection) - he spent eight years making it. He refused Kölcsey's pretensions based on the aesthetics of classicism in the name of romanticism: he is a poet who cannot be judged by the rules of hellenism. (By 1825 Kölcsey changed his previous poetic-aesthetic views) Berzsenyi spent most of his time on sciences, the numerous essays show this. He published "A versformákról" (About versifications).Between 1829 and 1834, he wrote "Kriticai levelek" (Critical letters) as well. In 1830 he became the first provincial member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His inaugural was published in 1833 with the title "Poetai harmonistica" (Poetical harmony). In this essay he favored the aesthetic thesis of classicism over those of romanticism: the main regularity in the world is the harmony. In 1833, he also wrote "A magyarországi mezei szorgalom némely akadályairul" (in modern English: About some obstacles of farming in Hungary). In the last years of his life, he ailed almost all the time: he cured himself in Balatonfüred and the medicinal baths of Buda. He often attended the conferences of the Tudós társaság (roughly: Scientific group) and planned to move to the capital), but couldn't finish this plan.He died on 24 February 1836 in Nikla. Kölcsey's expiatory memorial heroic was read by Michael Helmeczy on the Academy. Work Horatius' poetry and his philosophy - abstention from extreme emotions, the golden middle course - seemed to determine his life and poetry. Most of the criticals of his age described him as Horatius-copyist. He often used ancient verse forms and applied them successfully to the Hungarian language. <mask> got classicist inspiration from Horace and the Hungarian Benedek Virág, but he couldn't possibly be successful in forcing the views of ancient poets on himself. Behind the antique verse forms it isn't the classical balance and harmony we can find: it is the longing for these qualities.His closing to romanticism from classicism can be addressed to the works of German poets and writers like Gessner and Matthisson. Two styles were present in his poetry at the same time - just as the land-owner and the poet in his life, but slowly his ideals were worn out by reality. Disappointment, disillusioned distress take the place of his dreams. In his poem "Barátaimhoz" (To my friends) he says his earlier feelings, dreams to be pointless and remembers his poetic work in past time. References External links 1776 births 1836 deaths People from Vas County Hungarian male poets Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 18th-century Hungarian poets 19th-century Hungarian poets 18th-century Hungarian male writers 19th-century Hungarian male writers

<mask> was a Hungarian poet. One of the most interesting poets of Hungarian literature was <mask>. He was a farmer and wanted to be close to the events of Hungarian literature. He was a lonely and bitter poet because he believed he could solve the contradiction. There are signs of classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism in his works. <mask> was the only child of a noble family. He didn't practise as a lawyer because his father worked on his farm and had a degree in law.The weak and sickly son must be strong to work on the farm. He doesn't think it's acceptable to teach children after the age of ten. The evangelical lyceum in Sopron was where the 12-year-old Berzsenyi began his studies. He spent seven years there. Due to his age, he had a hard time conforming himself to the discipline of the school and was often against the customs. He stayed in the army for less than a year after leaving Sopron without finishing his studies. The years spent in Sopron left a deep impression on him.He read a lot of books and learned a lot about the Latin and German language. He knew the Roman mythology and his ideal was the Roman Horace. The relationship between his father and son got worse after his father found <mask>'s behavior in Sopron unacceptable. He didn't return home from Sopron because he had conflicts with his father. He returned to his father for a few years, but the situation became worse when his mother died in the autumn of 1794. He married the 14-year-old Zsuzsanna Dukai Takcs, the daughter of a wealthy noble, after escaping from his father. <mask> was an outstanding farmer.They moved to Somogy county in the 18th century. He seemed to be satisfied on the outside, but his works prove this wrong. On the other hand, he was happy with his accomplishments as a farmer. He was not able to converse with people about literature or sciences. Berzsenyi hid his poems from his friends and family. Jnos Kis, an evangelic cleric and the father of one of his children, caught him while he was writing. Kis discovered the poet in Berzsenyi and sent him three of his works.He sent a whole book to Jnos Kis. It was impossible to tell the exact time he wrote the poems because he didn't date them. They were sent to support their printed publication by Kis. <mask> received his first enthusiastic mail from Kazinczy. Their long mailing began after Berzsenyi sent his reply. He didn't like going away from home. Pest was only visited twice by him: at the end of May 1813 and in March 1810.He met the poet friends for the first time. He spent a week in Vienna in 1812. He painted a picture of himself for the front cover of his book. He had a rather productive era after 1810, possibly due to disagreements with his family. His health and loneliness made him vulnerable. He had health problems every year since 1816. In this unlucky state of body and mind, he read Klcsey's strict, sometimes unfair recension.The issue of Tudomnyos Gyjtemény was published in July of 1817. The criticism was degrading and unjust. He believed that it was a personal attack and that he was behind the recension. Their mailing was stopped for three years. <mask> only wrote a few more poems after Klcsey's recension. He wanted to give Klcsey an answer. He didn't study aesthetics until this time, but in his first indignation he wrote his anti-recension without any scientific preparation.He sent it to the editors, but it was never published. Despite his requests, he never got the manuscript back. The place of poetic creation was taken by scientific works and the study of aesthetic and literature, as he tried to make up for the gaps in his knowledge. The answer was published in the September issue of the Tudomnyos Gyjtemé. He refused Klcsey's pretensions because he is a poet who cannot be judged by the rules of hellenism. Many essays show that <mask> spent most of his time on sciences. "A versformkrl" was published by him.He wrote "Kriticai levelek" between 1829 and 1834. He was the first provincial member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His first book was titled "Poetai harmonistica" (Poetical harmony). The main regularity in the world is harmony and he favored the aesthetic thesis of classicism over romanticism. "A magyarorszgi mezei szorgalom némelyakadlyairul" was written in the 19th century. In the last years of his life, he cured himself in the baths of Buda. He had a plan to move to the capital but couldn't complete it.He died on February 24, 1836. Michael Helmeczy read Klcsey's memorial heroic. His life and poetry were determined by his philosophy of abstention from extreme emotions and the golden middle course. He was described as a copyist by most of the criticals. He applied ancient verse forms successfully to the Hungarian language. <mask> tried to force the views of ancient poets on himself, but he couldn't. The longing for these qualities behind the antique verse forms is what makes it different from the classical balance and harmony we can find.German poets and writers like Gessner and Matthisson can be addressed in his closing to romanticism from classicism. He had two styles of poetry at the same time, just as the land-owner and the poet in his life, but slowly his ideals were worn out. His dreams are no longer there. He says in his poem that he dreams to be pointless and remembers his poetic work in the past. Hungarian male poets from Vas County are members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

41541427

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Trevor%20%28curator%29

Thomas Trevor (curator)

Thomas Trevor (born 1962) is a British curator and writer on contemporary art. Trevor is Associate Professor of Contemporary Art and Curation at the University of Exeter. He was previously Artistic Director of The Atlantic Project, in Plymouth, UK (2016–19), Guest Curator at the Whitechapel Gallery, London (2015–16), Artistic Director of the 4th Dojima River Biennale in Osaka, Japan (2014–15), curatorial consultant to the 1st ARoS Triennial in Aarhus, Denmark (2014–15), Guest Curator at the Devi Art Foundation in Delhi, India (2013–14), Director of Arnolfini in Bristol, UK (2005–13), Associate Curator of the Art Fund International collection (2007–12) and Director of Spacex (1999–2005) in Exeter, UK. Before that he was an independent curator based in London (1994–1999), initiating projects for institutions such as Camden Arts Centre, the Freud Museum and InIVA. Since the 1990s, Trevor has curated more than 100 exhibitions, placing a particular emphasis upon experimental, interdisciplinary practice and context-led projects. Solo exhibitions include Cosima von Bonin, Matti Braun, Angus Fairhurst, Jutta Koether, Joelle Tuerlinckx, and Lois Weinberger. Group exhibitions include The Visible & the Invisible (1996), the Home Series (2000–04), Port City (2007), Far West (2008), Museum Show (2011), No Borders (2012) and Version Control (2013). Biography Trevor studied Fine Art at the Ruskin, University of Oxford and Goldsmiths College, University of London. As an artist based in London, in the 1990s, he participated in various group exhibitions, such as East Country Yard Show (1990), with contemporaries including Liam Gillick, Michael Landy, Sarah Lucas and Gillian Wearing. In 1996 he co-curated a multi-site project, The Visible & the Invisible: representing the body in contemporary art & society, produced by InIVA, that took place in non-art locations around Euston, London, including first UK presentations by Tania Bruguera and Doris Salcedo, along with site-specific installations by Louise Bourgeois, Bruce Nauman, Yoko Ono, Donald Rodney and others. At Spacex, from June 1999, Trevor curated more than 50 exhibitions and "off-site" projects, placing a particular emphasis upon socially-engaged, context-based work. Multi-site projects included Patterns (2001), with Samta Benyahia and Zineb Sedira, and Homeland (2004), presenting site-specific work by 44 artists in 8 different everyday locations. He also curated projects for the Liverpool Biennial; Generator (2002), Hortus (2004) and, later, Far West Metro (2008); and for Frieze Art Fair (2005) (with new film commissions by Yang Fudong, Mark Leckey, Daria Martin, Jimmy Robert, Imogen Stidworthy and Mika Taanila). From October 2005 Trevor was Director of Arnolfini, overseeing a visual arts-led multidisciplinary programme of exhibitions, performance, dance, music and film, with a public programme of talks, seminars and learning & participation activities. In 2011, on the occasion of its 50th anniversary, Sir Nicholas Serota described Arnolfini as "one of a handful of the most significant contemporary cultural centres in Europe". Long-term context-led projects in the city of Bristol include Maria Thereza Alves' Ballast Seed Garden (2007 ongoing) and Suzanne Lacy's University of Local Knowledge (2009 ongoing). Trevor left Arnolfini in October 2013, after 8 years, to focus on developing curatorial projects internationally. The first of these, Black Sun (co-curated with Shezad Dawood), opened at the Devi Art Foundation, in Delhi, India, in November 2013. Trevor's recent curatorial projects include The Atlantic Project "After The Future", a large-scale context-led project across the city of Plymouth, in the autumn of 2018, featuring site-specific installations by twenty artists from twelve countries, "Music for Museums", a series of performances, films and sound interventions taking place throughout the Whitechapel Gallery, London, during the autumn of 2015, and "Take Me To The River" for the 4th Dojima River Biennale, in Osaka, opening in July 2015, with artists from eight countries showing alongside established and emerging Japanese practitioners. Other projects in 2015 include John Akomfrah's Vertigo Sea (Associate Producer), commissioned for the 56th Venice Biennale, and a large-scale architectural commission by Do Ho Suh for the Art Fund International collection (Associate Curator) at Bristol Museum. In 2014 Trevor was a member of the Advisory Committee to the Gwangju Biennale and a member of the jury for the Korea Artists Prize at the national Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Seoul. Trevor was conferred a Doctorate of Letters (DLitt) at the University of Exeter in July 2014. He has lectured widely, including talks in Aarhus, Beijing, Beirut, Bridgetown, Faenza, Seoul, Tehran, Venice, Yokohama and Zurich. In 2012 he was a visiting lecturer on the Gwangju Biennale International Curators Course, and in 2013 he gave the 4th ARKO lecture in Seoul, South Korea. He has written numerous articles and produced more than 40 publications. He founded the Concept Store journal in 2008. Selected exhibitions 2018 The Atlantic Project: After The Future, 28 September-23 October 2018, various locations across Plymouth, UK. Artists: Nilbar Güreş, Tommy Støckel, Liu Chuang (artist), Hito Steyerl, Vermeir & Heiremans, Kiluanji Kia Henda, Ryoji Ikeda, Yan Wang Preston, Donald Rodney, Shezad Dawood, Postcommodity, Carl Slater, Superflex, Uriel Orlow, Jane Grant & John Matthias, Khadija von Zinnenburg Carroll, Chang Jia, Ursula Biemann, Bryony Gillard, Kranemann + Emmett 2017 SUPERFLEX: FREE BEER version 6.0 (the Atlantic brew), 2 October ongoing, launched at Tate Modern, London. A Good Neighbour, 22 September-16 November 2017, The Atlantic Project, Plymouth, UK. Artists: Elmgreen & Dragset with Lukas Wassmann 2015 Music for Museums, 17 September–29 November 2015, Whitechapel Gallery, London. Artists: Apartment House, David Toop, Gavin Bryars & Etel Adnan, Cara Tolmie, Mikhail Karikis, Florian Hecker, Hassan Khan, Ryoji Ikeda & Carsten Nicolai, Oliver Coates, Mark Fell, Dominic Murcott, Thurston Moore, Rhys Chatham + sound interventions by Support Structure + an artists’ film & video programme Take Me To The River, 24 July–30 August 2015, 4th Dojima River Biennale, Osaka. Artists: Aki Sasamoto, Angus Fairhurst, Hito Steyerl, Melanie Gilligan, Melanie Jackson, Michael Stevenson, Peter Fend, Ryoji Ikeda, Shimabuku, Shitamichi Motoyuki, Simon Fujiwara, SUPERFLEX, The Play, Vermeir & Heiremans, Yuken Teruya John Akomfrah: Vertigo Sea (Associate Producer), 9 May–22 November 2015, 56th Venice Biennale 2013 Black Sun (co-curated with Shezad Dawood), 9 November 2013 – 27 April 2014, Devi Art Foundation, Delhi. Artists: Ayisha Abraham, Ashish Avikunthak, Matti Braun, James Lee Byars, Maya Deren, Zarina Hashmi, Runa Islam, Nasreen Mohamedi, Lisa Oppenheim, The Otolith Group, Tejal Shah, Alexandre Singh Joelle Tuerlinckx: Wor(l)d(k) in Progress (co-curated with Axel Wieder), 7 December 2013 – 16 March 2014, Arnolfini, Bristol (in collaboration with Wiels, Brussels, and Haus der Kunst, Munich) Jutta Koether: Seasons and Sacraments (co-curated with Axel Wieder), 4 May–7 July 2013, Arnolfini (in collaboration with Dundee Contemporary Arts) Version Control (co-curated with Axel Wieder), 26 January–14 April 2013, Arnolfini. Artists: AP News, Giles Bailey, Gretchen Bender, Bernadette Corporation, Gerry Bibby, Ruth Buchanan, Antoine Catala, Nicolas Ceccaldi, Simon Denny, Tim Etchells, Loretta Fahrenholz, Felix Gmelin, Grand Openings, Andy Holden & David Conroy, Louise Hervé & Chloé Maillet, Morag Keil, Oliver Laric, Louise Lawler, Tobias Madison & Emanuel Rossetti, Eva & Franco Mattes, Melvin Moti, Rabih Mroué, Ken Okiishi, Amalia Pica, Seth Price and Nora Schultz 2012 No Borders, 15 December 2012 – 2 June 2013, Bristol Museum and Art Gallery. Artists: Ai Weiwei, Walid Raad, Haegue Yang, Akram Zaatari, Yto Barrada, Hala Elkoussy, Shilpa Gupta, Amar Kanwar, Tala Madani, Zwelethu Mthethwa, Imran Qu’reshi and Shahzia Sikander Matti Braun: Gost Log (co-curated with Axel Wieder), 3 October 2012 – 6 January 2013, Arnolfini 2011 Museum Show (co-curated with Nav Haq), Part 1, 24 September–19 November 2011, and Part 2, 9 December 2011 – 19 February 2012, Arnolfini and off-site. Artists: Abake, Guillaume Bijl, Peter Blake, Stuart Brisley, Marcel Broodthaers, Bill Burns, James Lee Byars, Francois Curlet, Jaime Davidovich, Herbert Distel, Marcel Duchamp, Robert Filliou, Simon Fujiwara, Meschac Gaba, Ellen Harvey, Susan Hiller, Marko Lulic, Karen Mirza and Brad Butler, Forrest Myers, Tom Marioni, Asuncion Molinos, Sina Najafi and Christopher Turner, Tsuyoshi Ozawa, Khalil Rabah, Vicente Razo, Øyvind Renberg & Miho Shimizu, Tomas Saraceno, Sarkis, The Museum of American Art, Maarten Vanden Eynde, Hu Xiangqian Magical Consciousness (co-curated with Runa Islam and Nav Haq), 12 May – 3 July 2011, Arnolfini. Artists: Helena Almeida, Rosa Barba, Uta Barth, Angela Bulloch, Mariana Castillo Deball, Ula Dajerling, Matias Faldbakken, Ellen Harvey, John Hilliard, William E. Jones, Onkar Kular & Noam Toran, David Maljkovic, Melik Ohanian, Trevor Paglen, Peter Peri, Rosângela Rennó and Mungo Thomson, plus a 13th-century Aztec obsidian mirror Cosima von Bonin's Bone Idle for Arnolfini's Sloth section, Loop #2 of the Lazy Susan series, a Rotating Exhibition 2010-2012 (co-curated with Nav Haq), 19 February–25 April 2011, Arnolfini, in collaboration with Witte de With (Rotterdam), MAMCO (Geneva) and Museum Ludwig (Cologne) Neil Cummings: Self-Portrait: Arnolfini (co-curated with Nav Haq), throughout 2011 2010 YoHa/Harwood, Wright & Yokokoji: Coal Fired Computers/Tantalum Memorial, 25 September–21 November 2010, Arnolfini Caroline Bergvall & Ciaran Maher: Say Parsley, 8 May–4 July 2010, Arnolfini Louise Bourgeois & Otto Zitko: Me, Myself and I, 24 April–4 July 2010, Arnolfini 2009 Ocean Earth: Situation Room, 21 November 2009 – 17 January 2010, Arnolfini. Artists: Peter Fend, Catherine Griffiths, Kevin Gannon, Heidi Mardon, Eve Vaterlaus Barbara Steveni: Beyond the Acid-Free, Artist Placement Group Revisited, 21 November 2009 – 17 January 2010, Arnolfini Ursula Biemann: Black Sea Files, 12 September – 8 November 2009, Arnolfini, in collaboration with Bldmuseet, Umea, Sweden Suzanne Lacy: University of Local Knowledge, September 2009 on-going, a collaboration between Arnolfini, Knowle West Media Centre and residents of Knowle West, Bristol Angus Fairhurst, 31 January – 29 March 2009, Arnolfini, then touring to Waddesdon Manor, M - Museum Leuven (Leuven, Belgium), Westfalischer Kunstverein / Landesmuseum (Munster, Germany) 2008 Supertoys: on toys, play and affective machines (co-curated with Geoff Cox), 22 November 2008 – 18 January 2009, Arnolfini. Artists: Chris Cunningham, Dunne & Raby, Natalie Jeremijenko, Kahve Society, Philippe Parreno, Unmask Group. Exhibition design: nOffice Far West (co-curated with Nav Haq), 28 June–31 August 2008, Arnolfini, then touring to Turner Contemporary, plus off-site project Far West Metro in Bristol Mall and at A Foundation, as part of the Liverpool Biennial. Artists: Xu Bing, David Blandy, Liu Ding, Cao Fei, Pierre Huyghe & Philippe Parreno, Unmask Group, Gunilla Klingberg, Surasi Kusolwong, Michael Lin, Yoko Ono, SOI Project, Seven Samurai, Janek Simon and Support Structure. Exhibition design: nOffice (Markus Miessen, Magnus Nielsen and Ralf Pflugfelder) 2007 Port City: on mobility & exchange, 15 September–11 November 2007, Arnolfini, then touring to John Hansard Gallery (Southampton) and A Foundation (Liverpool), plus related projects around Europe with Amazelab (Milan). Artists: Maria Thereza Alves, Yto Barrada, Ursula Biemann, Kayle Brandon & Heath Bunting, Maria Magdalena Campos Pons, Ofri Cnaani & Jenny Vogel, Mary Evans, Meschac Gaba, Raimi Gbadamosi, Melanie Jackson, Grzegorz Klaman, Erik van Lieshout, William Pope.L, Kate Rich, Zineb Sedira, Zafos Xagoraris Maria Thereza Alves: Seeds of Change, Bristol, September 2007 ongoing, Arnolfini, in partnership with University of Bristol’s Botanical Gardens and Bristol City Council, including a Floating Ballast Seed Garden in 2012 onwards Ken Stanton Archive: Recording Iraq, 7 February–1 April, Arnolfini 2006 Lois & Franziska Weinberger: Home Voodoo, 9 December 2006 – 4 February 2007, Arnolfini Melanie Jackson: Road Angel, 9 December 2006 – 28 January 2007, Arnolfini 2005 Wide Screen (co-curated with Ben Cook, LUX), October 2005, Frieze Art Fair. Artists: Yang Fudong, Mark Leckey, Daria Martin, Mika Taanila, Imogen Stidworthy, Jimmy Robert Phyllida Barlow: Scape, May–July 2005, Spacex (Exeter) Mika Taanila; Hotel Futuro, March–April 2005, Spacex 2004 Hortus: botany and empire, September–November 2004, Spacex and Old Haymarket/National Wildflower Centre (Liverpool) as part of the Liverpool Biennial. Artists: Maria Thereza Alves, Caroline Bergvall & Ciaran Maher, Susan Boafo, Jyll Bradley, Stuart Brisley, Peter Fend, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Helena Goldwater, Andrew Lawson, Vong Phaophanit, Lois & Franziska Weinberger Peter Fend: Reverse Global Warming, July–September 2004, Spacex Homeland: in and out of Middle England (co-curated with Zoë Shearman), April–June 2004, scattered site project across Exeter. Artists: Guillermo Gómez-Peña, Tariq Alvi, Oladélé Bamgboyé, Grayson Perry, Rosalind Nashashibi, Ansuman Biswas, Jem Finer, Jyll Bradley, Lisa Cheung and Michael Curran, plus guests William Kentridge, February–April 2004, Spacex 2003 Shizuka Yokomizo: Distance, December 2003–January 2004, Spacex, toured to Chapter, Cardiff and Site Gallery, Sheffield (UK) Oladélé Bamgboyé: Introspect, October–November 2003, Spacex Luke Fowler: What you see is where you’re at, July–September 2003, Spacex Flock (co-curated with Louise K. Wilson), March–April 2003, Spacex, toured to Towner Art Gallery, Eastbourne. Artists: Jyll Bradley with Exeter Flower Club, Marcus Coates, Andrew Dodds, John Drever, Jussi Heikkila, Rona Lee, Rachel Lowe, Harriet MacDougall, Quack-project, Sophy Rickett, Katy Shepherd, Hans Waanders 2002 Generator (co-curated with Geoff Cox), May–June 2002, Spacex, toured to Wood Street (Liverpool), as part of the Liverpool Biennial, and Firstsite, Colchester (UK). Artists: Mark Bowden, Stuart Brisley, Angus Fairhurst, Alex Finlay, Tim Head, Jeff Instone, Zoë Irvine, Sol LeWitt, limbomedia, Alex McLean, Netochka Nezvanova, Yoko Ono, Organogenesis, Colin Sackett, Cornelia Sollfrank, STAR & monkeys from Paignton Zoo, Joanna Walsh, Adrian Ward 2001 Patterns (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), November 2001–February 2002, multi-site project across Exeter, including Exeter Cathedral, Exeter Mosque, the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter and Spacex. Artists: Zineb Sedira, Samta Benyahia, Ismail Fajer, Geoffrey Preston Caroline Bergvall and Ciarán Maher: Say "Parsley", November 2001, Spacex 2 (former Maritime Museum, Exeter). Sea Change, September–October 2001, Spacex 2 (former Maritime Museum, Exeter). Artists: Peter Fend, Dennis Oppenheim, George Chaikin, Steve Hughes, Mike Lawson-Smith, Samantha Lavender, John F. Simon, Taro Suzuki Angus Fairhurst: This Does Not Last More Than One Second (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), April–June 2001, Spacex. Performance: L*******S: Angus Fairhurst, with Pierre Bismuth, Joe Strummer, Keith Allen Gavin Renwick: HOME, the outpost of progress (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), January–April 2001, Spacex, and at Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter 2000 Jayne Parker: Foxfire Eins (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), December 2000–January 2001, Spacex, toured to John Hansard Gallery and Aldeburgh Festival. Performance: World premiere of Christopher Fox’s composition, Inner, performed by Anton Lukoszevieze Sigalit Landau: Somnambulin (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), August–September 2000, Spacex & performance, East Devon, toured to Saitama Museum of Modern Art (Japan) Lois Weinberger: Edge of the City (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), June–August 2000, Spacex & off-site, Exeter, plus exhibitions at Camden Arts Centre and the Freud Museum, London Everything needs time (co-curated with Ineke van der Wal), May–June 2000, Spacex and Honiton Festival. Artists: Berlinda de Bruyckere, Peter Buggenhout, Bettie van Haaster, Nico Parlevliet, Maria Roosen, Keiko Sato, Johan Tahon, Fiona Tan Bettina Semmer: Painting Factory (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), March–April 2000, Spacex Homing: projects for Kosovo (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), January–March 2000, Spacex. Artists: Christine & Irene Hohenbuchler with Martin Feiersinger, Gunther Steiner, Kunstwerkstatt Lienz, Architecture for Humanity with Mike Lawless, LDA Architects, Art Therapy Initiative 1999 Hermione Wiltshire: and when I got there (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), October–November 1999, Spacex, toured to Djanogly Art Gallery, University of Nottingham 1996 The Visible & the Invisible: re-presenting the body in contemporary art & society (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), 21 September–26 October 1996, produced by InIVA, sited in "non-art" locations around the Euston area of central London: the Wellcome Trust, University College London, Friend’s House, St. Pancras Church and Euston Station. Artists: Vito Acconci, Sutapa Biswas, Louise Bourgeois, Nancy Burson, Tania Bruguera, Maureen Connor, Brian Jenkins, Bruce Nauman, Virginia Nimarkoh, Yoko Ono, Jayne Parker, Donald Rodney, Doris Salcedo, Louise K Wilson Selected writings and publications Everything and Nothing: the Pre-History of Zero in Joelle Tuerlinckx: Wor(l)(d)(k) in Progress, published by Walther Konig, Cologne, 2013, with Arnolfini, Haus der Kunst, Munich, and Wiels, Brussels Blind Spot in Black Sun, published by Ridinghouse, London, 2013, with Arnolfini and Devi Art Foundation, Delhi The Three Ecologies in Lois Weinberger, published by Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern, 2013, with SMAK, Ghent, edited by Philippe van Cauteren Free Time in Cosima von Bonin, The Lazy Susan Series, Rotterdam – Bristol – Genève – Köln, published by Museum Ludwig and DuMont, Köln, 2011, with Witte de With (Rotterdam), Arnolfini and MAMCO (Geneva) Otto Zitko: Me, Myself and I, published by Jovis, Berlin 2011, edited by Tom Trevor and Ingeburg Wurzer A Space for Ideas in Neil Cummings: Self-Portrait Arnolfini, published by Arnolfini, Bristol, 2011, edited by Neil Cummings, Tom Trevor and Julian Warren The Green Man in Lois Weinberger, published by Musée d'Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne, and Silvana Editoriale, Milan 2011, edited by Lóránd Hegyi Somnanbulin: A Short Journey Through Middle England in Sigalit Landau, published by Kunst-Werke, Berlin, and Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern, 2008, edited by Gabriele Horn and Ruth Ronen Introduction in Port City: On Mobility and Exchange, published by Arnolfini, Bristol, 2007, edited by Tom Trevor References External links Tom Trevor: http://tomtrevor.net The Atlantic Project: http://theatlantic.org Dojima River Forum: http://www.dojimariver.com Devi Art Foundation: http://deviartfoundation.org/ Arnolfini: http://www.arnolfini.org.uk/ Spacex: http://spacex.org.uk/ InIVA: http://www.iniva.org/ 1962 births Living people Alumni of the Ruskin School of Art Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London British curators

<mask> (born 1962) is a British curator and writer on contemporary art. <mask> is Associate Professor of Contemporary Art and Curation at the University of Exeter. He was previously Artistic Director of The Atlantic Project, in Plymouth, UK (2016–19), Guest Curator at the Whitechapel Gallery, London (2015–16), Artistic Director of the 4th Dojima River Biennale in Osaka, Japan (2014–15), curatorial consultant to the 1st ARoS Triennial in Aarhus, Denmark (2014–15), Guest Curator at the Devi Art Foundation in Delhi, India (2013–14), Director of Arnolfini in Bristol, UK (2005–13), Associate Curator of the Art Fund International collection (2007–12) and Director of Spacex (1999–2005) in Exeter, UK. Before that he was an independent curator based in London (1994–1999), initiating projects for institutions such as Camden Arts Centre, the Freud Museum and InIVA. Since the 1990s, <mask> has curated more than 100 exhibitions, placing a particular emphasis upon experimental, interdisciplinary practice and context-led projects. Solo exhibitions include Cosima von Bonin, Matti Braun, Angus Fairhurst, Jutta Koether, Joelle Tuerlinckx, and Lois Weinberger. Group exhibitions include The Visible & the Invisible (1996), the Home Series (2000–04), Port City (2007), Far West (2008), Museum Show (2011), No Borders (2012) and Version Control (2013).Biography <mask> studied Fine Art at the Ruskin, University of Oxford and Goldsmiths College, University of London. As an artist based in London, in the 1990s, he participated in various group exhibitions, such as East Country Yard Show (1990), with contemporaries including Liam Gillick, Michael Landy, Sarah Lucas and Gillian Wearing. In 1996 he co-curated a multi-site project, The Visible & the Invisible: representing the body in contemporary art & society, produced by InIVA, that took place in non-art locations around Euston, London, including first UK presentations by Tania Bruguera and Doris Salcedo, along with site-specific installations by Louise Bourgeois, Bruce Nauman, Yoko Ono, Donald Rodney and others. At Spacex, from June 1999, <mask> curated more than 50 exhibitions and "off-site" projects, placing a particular emphasis upon socially-engaged, context-based work. Multi-site projects included Patterns (2001), with Samta Benyahia and Zineb Sedira, and Homeland (2004), presenting site-specific work by 44 artists in 8 different everyday locations. He also curated projects for the Liverpool Biennial; Generator (2002), Hortus (2004) and, later, Far West Metro (2008); and for Frieze Art Fair (2005) (with new film commissions by Yang Fudong, Mark Leckey, Daria Martin, Jimmy Robert, Imogen Stidworthy and Mika Taanila). From October 2005 <mask> was Director of Arnolfini, overseeing a visual arts-led multidisciplinary programme of exhibitions, performance, dance, music and film, with a public programme of talks, seminars and learning & participation activities.In 2011, on the occasion of its 50th anniversary, Sir Nicholas Serota described Arnolfini as "one of a handful of the most significant contemporary cultural centres in Europe". Long-term context-led projects in the city of Bristol include Maria Thereza Alves' Ballast Seed Garden (2007 ongoing) and Suzanne Lacy's University of Local Knowledge (2009 ongoing). <mask> left Arnolfini in October 2013, after 8 years, to focus on developing curatorial projects internationally. The first of these, Black Sun (co-curated with Shezad Dawood), opened at the Devi Art Foundation, in Delhi, India, in November 2013. <mask>'s recent curatorial projects include The Atlantic Project "After The Future", a large-scale context-led project across the city of Plymouth, in the autumn of 2018, featuring site-specific installations by twenty artists from twelve countries, "Music for Museums", a series of performances, films and sound interventions taking place throughout the Whitechapel Gallery, London, during the autumn of 2015, and "Take Me To The River" for the 4th Dojima River Biennale, in Osaka, opening in July 2015, with artists from eight countries showing alongside established and emerging Japanese practitioners. Other projects in 2015 include John Akomfrah's Vertigo Sea (Associate Producer), commissioned for the 56th Venice Biennale, and a large-scale architectural commission by Do Ho Suh for the Art Fund International collection (Associate Curator) at Bristol Museum. In 2014 <mask> was a member of the Advisory Committee to the Gwangju Biennale and a member of the jury for the Korea Artists Prize at the national Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Seoul.<mask> was conferred a Doctorate of Letters (DLitt) at the University of Exeter in July 2014. He has lectured widely, including talks in Aarhus, Beijing, Beirut, Bridgetown, Faenza, Seoul, Tehran, Venice, Yokohama and Zurich. In 2012 he was a visiting lecturer on the Gwangju Biennale International Curators Course, and in 2013 he gave the 4th ARKO lecture in Seoul, South Korea. He has written numerous articles and produced more than 40 publications. He founded the Concept Store journal in 2008. Selected exhibitions 2018 The Atlantic Project: After The Future, 28 September-23 October 2018, various locations across Plymouth, UK. Artists: Nilbar Güreş, Tommy Støckel, Liu Chuang (artist), Hito Steyerl, Vermeir & Heiremans, Kiluanji Kia Henda, Ryoji Ikeda, Yan Wang Preston, Donald Rodney, Shezad Dawood, Postcommodity, Carl Slater, Superflex, Uriel Orlow, Jane Grant & John Matthias, Khadija von Zinnenburg Carroll, Chang Jia, Ursula Biemann, Bryony Gillard, Kranemann + Emmett 2017 SUPERFLEX: FREE BEER version 6.0 (the Atlantic brew), 2 October ongoing, launched at Tate Modern, London.A Good Neighbour, 22 September-16 November 2017, The Atlantic Project, Plymouth, UK. Artists: Elmgreen & Dragset with Lukas Wassmann 2015 Music for Museums, 17 September–29 November 2015, Whitechapel Gallery, London. Artists: Apartment House, David Toop, Gavin Bryars & Etel Adnan, Cara Tolmie, Mikhail Karikis, Florian Hecker, Hassan Khan, Ryoji Ikeda & Carsten Nicolai, Oliver Coates, Mark Fell, Dominic Murcott, Thurston Moore, Rhys Chatham + sound interventions by Support Structure + an artists’ film & video programme Take Me To The River, 24 July–30 August 2015, 4th Dojima River Biennale, Osaka. Artists: Aki Sasamoto, Angus Fairhurst, Hito Steyerl, Melanie Gilligan, Melanie Jackson, Michael Stevenson, Peter Fend, Ryoji Ikeda, Shimabuku, Shitamichi Motoyuki, Simon Fujiwara, SUPERFLEX, The Play, Vermeir & Heiremans, Yuken Teruya John Akomfrah: Vertigo Sea (Associate Producer), 9 May–22 November 2015, 56th Venice Biennale 2013 Black Sun (co-curated with Shezad Dawood), 9 November 2013 – 27 April 2014, Devi Art Foundation, Delhi. Artists: Ayisha Abraham, Ashish Avikunthak, Matti Braun, James Lee Byars, Maya Deren, Zarina Hashmi, Runa Islam, Nasreen Mohamedi, Lisa Oppenheim, The Otolith Group, Tejal Shah, Alexandre Singh Joelle Tuerlinckx: Wor(l)d(k) in Progress (co-curated with Axel Wieder), 7 December 2013 – 16 March 2014, Arnolfini, Bristol (in collaboration with Wiels, Brussels, and Haus der Kunst, Munich) Jutta Koether: Seasons and Sacraments (co-curated with Axel Wieder), 4 May–7 July 2013, Arnolfini (in collaboration with Dundee Contemporary Arts) Version Control (co-curated with Axel Wieder), 26 January–14 April 2013, Arnolfini. Artists: AP News, Giles Bailey, Gretchen Bender, Bernadette Corporation, Gerry Bibby, Ruth Buchanan, Antoine Catala, Nicolas Ceccaldi, Simon Denny, Tim Etchells, Loretta Fahrenholz, Felix Gmelin, Grand Openings, Andy Holden & David Conroy, Louise Hervé & Chloé Maillet, Morag Keil, Oliver Laric, Louise Lawler, Tobias Madison & Emanuel Rossetti, Eva & Franco Mattes, Melvin Moti, Rabih Mroué, Ken Okiishi, Amalia Pica, Seth Price and Nora Schultz 2012 No Borders, 15 December 2012 – 2 June 2013, Bristol Museum and Art Gallery. Artists: Ai Weiwei, Walid Raad, Haegue Yang, Akram Zaatari, Yto Barrada, Hala Elkoussy, Shilpa Gupta, Amar Kanwar, Tala Madani, Zwelethu Mthethwa, Imran Qu’reshi and Shahzia Sikander Matti Braun: Gost Log (co-curated with Axel Wieder), 3 October 2012 – 6 January 2013, Arnolfini 2011 Museum Show (co-curated with Nav Haq), Part 1, 24 September–19 November 2011, and Part 2, 9 December 2011 – 19 February 2012, Arnolfini and off-site.Artists: Abake, Guillaume Bijl, Peter Blake, Stuart Brisley, Marcel Broodthaers, Bill Burns, James Lee Byars, Francois Curlet, Jaime Davidovich, Herbert Distel, Marcel Duchamp, Robert Filliou, Simon Fujiwara, Meschac Gaba, Ellen Harvey, Susan Hiller, Marko Lulic, Karen Mirza and Brad Butler, Forrest Myers, Tom Marioni, Asuncion Molinos, Sina Najafi and Christopher Turner, Tsuyoshi Ozawa, Khalil Rabah, Vicente Razo, Øyvind Renberg & Miho Shimizu, Tomas Saraceno, Sarkis, The Museum of American Art, Maarten Vanden Eynde, Hu Xiangqian Magical Consciousness (co-curated with Runa Islam and Nav Haq), 12 May – 3 July 2011, Arnolfini. Artists: Peter Fend, Catherine Griffiths, Kevin Gannon, Heidi Mardon, Eve Vaterlaus Barbara Steveni: Beyond the Acid-Free, Artist Placement Group Revisited, 21 November 2009 – 17 January 2010, Arnolfini Ursula Biemann: Black Sea Files, 12 September – 8 November 2009, Arnolfini, in collaboration with Bldmuseet, Umea, Sweden Suzanne Lacy: University of Local Knowledge, September 2009 on-going, a collaboration between Arnolfini, Knowle West Media Centre and residents of Knowle West, Bristol Angus Fairhurst, 31 January – 29 March 2009, Arnolfini, then touring to Waddesdon Manor, M - Museum Leuven (Leuven, Belgium), Westfalischer Kunstverein / Landesmuseum (Munster, Germany) 2008 Supertoys: on toys, play and affective machines (co-curated with Geoff Cox), 22 November 2008 – 18 January 2009, Arnolfini. Artists: Chris Cunningham, Dunne & Raby, Natalie Jeremijenko, Kahve Society, Philippe Parreno, Unmask Group. Exhibition design: nOffice Far West (co-curated with Nav Haq), 28 June–31 August 2008, Arnolfini, then touring to Turner Contemporary, plus off-site project Far West Metro in Bristol Mall and at A Foundation, as part of the Liverpool Biennial. Artists: Xu Bing, David Blandy, Liu Ding, Cao Fei, Pierre Huyghe & Philippe Parreno, Unmask Group, Gunilla Klingberg, Surasi Kusolwong, Michael Lin, Yoko Ono, SOI Project, Seven Samurai, Janek Simon and Support Structure. Exhibition design: nOffice (Markus Miessen, Magnus Nielsen and Ralf Pflugfelder) 2007 Port City: on mobility & exchange, 15 September–11 November 2007, Arnolfini, then touring to John Hansard Gallery (Southampton) and A Foundation (Liverpool), plus related projects around Europe with Amazelab (Milan). Artists: Maria Thereza Alves, Yto Barrada, Ursula Biemann, Kayle Brandon & Heath Bunting, Maria Magdalena Campos Pons, Ofri Cnaani & Jenny Vogel, Mary Evans, Meschac Gaba, Raimi Gbadamosi, Melanie Jackson, Grzegorz Klaman, Erik van Lieshout, William Pope.L, Kate Rich, Zineb Sedira, Zafos Xagoraris Maria Thereza Alves: Seeds of Change, Bristol, September 2007 ongoing, Arnolfini, in partnership with University of Bristol’s Botanical Gardens and Bristol City Council, including a Floating Ballast Seed Garden in 2012 onwards Ken Stanton Archive: Recording Iraq, 7 February–1 April, Arnolfini 2006 Lois & Franziska Weinberger: Home Voodoo, 9 December 2006 – 4 February 2007, Arnolfini Melanie Jackson: Road Angel, 9 December 2006 – 28 January 2007, Arnolfini 2005 Wide Screen (co-curated with Ben Cook, LUX), October 2005, Frieze Art Fair.Artists: Yang Fudong, Mark Leckey, Daria Martin, Mika Taanila, Imogen Stidworthy, Jimmy Robert Phyllida Barlow: Scape, May–July 2005, Spacex (Exeter) Mika Taanila; Hotel Futuro, March–April 2005, Spacex 2004 Hortus: botany and empire, September–November 2004, Spacex and Old Haymarket/National Wildflower Centre (Liverpool) as part of the Liverpool Biennial. Artists: Maria Thereza Alves, Caroline Bergvall & Ciaran Maher, Susan Boafo, Jyll Bradley, Stuart Brisley, Peter Fend, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Helena Goldwater, Andrew Lawson, Vong Phaophanit, Lois & Franziska Weinberger Peter Fend: Reverse Global Warming, July–September 2004, Spacex Homeland: in and out of Middle England (co-curated with Zoë Shearman), April–June 2004, scattered site project across Exeter. Artists: Guillermo Gómez-Peña, Tariq Alvi, Oladélé Bamgboyé, Grayson Perry, Rosalind Nashashibi, Ansuman Biswas, Jem Finer, Jyll Bradley, Lisa Cheung and Michael Curran, plus guests William Kentridge, February–April 2004, Spacex 2003 Shizuka Yokomizo: Distance, December 2003–January 2004, Spacex, toured to Chapter, Cardiff and Site Gallery, Sheffield (UK) Oladélé Bamgboyé: Introspect, October–November 2003, Spacex Luke Fowler: What you see is where you’re at, July–September 2003, Spacex Flock (co-curated with Louise K. Wilson), March–April 2003, Spacex, toured to Towner Art Gallery, Eastbourne. Artists: Jyll Bradley with Exeter Flower Club, Marcus Coates, Andrew Dodds, John Drever, Jussi Heikkila, Rona Lee, Rachel Lowe, Harriet MacDougall, Quack-project, Sophy Rickett, Katy Shepherd, Hans Waanders 2002 Generator (co-curated with Geoff Cox), May–June 2002, Spacex, toured to Wood Street (Liverpool), as part of the Liverpool Biennial, and Firstsite, Colchester (UK). Artists: Mark Bowden, Stuart Brisley, Angus Fairhurst, Alex Finlay, Tim Head, Jeff Instone, Zoë Irvine, Sol LeWitt, limbomedia, Alex McLean, Netochka Nezvanova, Yoko Ono, Organogenesis, Colin Sackett, Cornelia Sollfrank, STAR & monkeys from Paignton Zoo, Joanna Walsh, Adrian Ward 2001 Patterns (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), November 2001–February 2002, multi-site project across Exeter, including Exeter Cathedral, Exeter Mosque, the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter and Spacex. Artists: Zineb Sedira, Samta Benyahia, Ismail Fajer, Geoffrey Preston Caroline Bergvall and Ciarán Maher: Say "Parsley", November 2001, Spacex 2 (former Maritime Museum, Exeter). Sea Change, September–October 2001, Spacex 2 (former Maritime Museum, Exeter).Artists: Peter Fend, Dennis Oppenheim, George Chaikin, Steve Hughes, Mike Lawson-Smith, Samantha Lavender, John F. Simon, Taro Suzuki Angus Fairhurst: This Does Not Last More Than One Second (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), April–June 2001, Spacex. Performance: L*******S: Angus Fairhurst, with Pierre Bismuth, Joe Strummer, Keith Allen Gavin Renwick: HOME, the outpost of progress (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), January–April 2001, Spacex, and at Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter 2000 Jayne Parker: Foxfire Eins (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), December 2000–January 2001, Spacex, toured to John Hansard Gallery and Aldeburgh Festival. Performance: World premiere of Christopher Fox’s composition, Inner, performed by Anton Lukoszevieze Sigalit Landau: Somnambulin (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), August–September 2000, Spacex & performance, East Devon, toured to Saitama Museum of Modern Art (Japan) Lois Weinberger: Edge of the City (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), June–August 2000, Spacex & off-site, Exeter, plus exhibitions at Camden Arts Centre and the Freud Museum, London Everything needs time (co-curated with Ineke van der Wal), May–June 2000, Spacex and Honiton Festival. Artists: Berlinda de Bruyckere, Peter Buggenhout, Bettie van Haaster, Nico Parlevliet, Maria Roosen, Keiko Sato, Johan Tahon, Fiona Tan Bettina Semmer: Painting Factory (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), March–April 2000, Spacex Homing: projects for Kosovo (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), January–March 2000, Spacex. Artists: Christine & Irene Hohenbuchler with Martin Feiersinger, Gunther Steiner, Kunstwerkstatt Lienz, Architecture for Humanity with Mike Lawless, LDA Architects, Art Therapy Initiative 1999 Hermione Wiltshire: and when I got there (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), October–November 1999, Spacex, toured to Djanogly Art Gallery, University of Nottingham 1996 The Visible & the Invisible: re-presenting the body in contemporary art & society (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), 21 September–26 October 1996, produced by InIVA, sited in "non-art" locations around the Euston area of central London: the Wellcome Trust, University College London, Friend’s House, St. Pancras Church and Euston Station.

He is a British curator and writer on contemporary art. He is the Associate Professor of Contemporary Art and Curation. He was the artistic director of the 4th Dojima River Biennale in Osaka, Japan. He was an independent curator in London who initiated projects for institutions such as the Freud Museum and the Camden Arts Centre. Since the 1990s, there has been a particular emphasis on experimental, interdisciplinary practice and context-led projects. The solo exhibitions include Cosima von Bonin. The Home Series, Port City, Far West, Museum Show, No Borders, and Version Control are all group exhibitions.He studied Fine Art at the University of Oxford and the University of London. He was an artist based in London in the 1990s and participated in a number of group exhibitions, including the East Country Yard Show. In 1996 he co-curated a multi-site project, The Visible and the invisible: representing the body in contemporary art and society, which took place in non-art locations around Euston, London. At Spacex, from June 1999 to June 1999, there were more than 50 exhibitions and "off-site" projects. The multi-site projects presented site-specific work by 44 artists in 8 different locations. Generator, Hortus, Far West Metro, and Frieze Art Fair all had new film commissions. Arnolfini had a programme of exhibitions, performance, dance, music and film, with a public programme of talks, seminars and learning and participation activities.Arnolfini was described as one of the most significant contemporary cultural centers in Europe by Sir Nicholas Serota on the occasion of its 50th anniversary. The University of Local Knowledge is one of the long-term context-led projects in the city of Bristol. After 8 years at Arnolfini,<mask> left to focus on developing curatorial projects internationally. Black Sun, co-curated with Shezad Dawood, was the first of these to open. The Atlantic Project "After The Future" is a large-scale context-led project across the city of Plymouth, featuring site-specific installations by twenty artists from twelve countries. John Akomfrah's Vertigo Sea was commissioned for the 56th Venice Biennale, as well as a large-scale architectural commission by Do Ho Suh for the Art Fund International collection at Bristol Museum. He was a member of the jury for the Korea Artists Prize at the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in South Korea.In July of last year, he received a Doctorate of Letters from the University of Exeter. He lectured in a number of places, including Beijing, Bridgetown, Faenza, Seoul, Tehran and Yokohama. In 2012 he was a visiting lecturer on the Gwangju Biennale International Curators course. He has produced more than 40 publications. The Concept Store journal was founded by him. The Atlantic Project: After The Future will be held in various locations across the UK. Artists include Nilbar Gre, Tommy Stckel, Liu Chuang and Hito Steyerl.The Atlantic Project is located in the UK. Music for Museums with Lukas Wassmann, 17 September–29 November 2015, Whitechapel Gallery, London. The artists are: David Toop, Etel Adnan, Cara Tolmie, Mikhail Karikis, Florian Hecker, Hassan Khan, Ryoji Ikeda, and CarstenNicolai. Artists include Aki Sasamoto, Angus Fairhurst, Hito Steyerl, Melanie Gilligan, Melanie Jackson, Michael Stevenson and Peter Fend. Matti Braun, James Lee Byars, Maya Deren, Zarina Hashmi, Runa Islam, Nasreen Mohamedi, and The Otolith Group are some of the artists. Giles Bailey, Nicolas Ceccaldi, Simon Denny, Tim Etchells, Louise Her, and Felix Gmelin are some of the artists. Artists include Ai Weiwei, Walid Raad, Haegue Yang, Akram Zaatari, Yto Barrada, Zwelethu Mthethwa, and Shahzia Sikander.Guillaume Bijl, James Lee Byars, Francois Curlet, James Davidovich, Herbert Distel, and Simon Fujiwara are some of the artists. Barbara Steveni: Beyond the Acid-Free is an artist placement group that takes place in November and January of 2010. Artists include Chris Cunningham, Dunne & Raby, Natalie Jeremijenko, and the Unmask Group. Far West Metro, an off-site project at A Foundation, and Arnolfini, an exhibition design co-curated with Nav Haq, will be part of the Liverpool Biennial. The SOI Project, Seven Samurai, Janek Simon, and Unmask Group are some of the artists. Port City: on mobility and exchange, 15 September–11 November 2007, Arnolfini, then touring to John Hansard Gallery and A Foundation, plus related projects around. Artists include Maria Thereza Alves, Yto Barrada, Ursula Biemann, Kayle Brandon, Ofri Cnaani, Jenny Vogel, Mary Evans, Meschac Gaba, Raimi Gbadamosi, Melanie Jackson, and Grze.The Spacex (Exeter) Mika Taanila is one of the artists. Artists include Maria Thereza Alves, Vong Phaophanit, Susan Boafo, Jyll Bradley, Stuart Brisley, Peter Fend, Peter Fischli, and David Weiss. The artists were joined by guests William Kentridge, Jyll Bradley, Lisa Cheung, and Michael Curran. The artists are Jyll Bradley, Andrew Dodds, John Drever, Jussi Heikkila, Rona Lee, Rachel Lowe, and Sophy Rickett. Artists include Mark Bowden, Stuart Brisley, Alex Finlay, Tim Head, Jeff Instone, Zo Irvine, and Sol LeWitt. Spacex 2 was created in November 2001 by the artists of "Say "Parsley". Spacex 2 was the former Maritime Museum.The artists are Peter Fend, Dennis Oppenheim, George Chaikin, Steve Hughes, Mike Lawson-Smith, and John F. Simon. Home, the outpost of progress, January–April 2001, Spacex, and at the Royal Albert Memorial Museum. The world premiere of Christopher Fox's composition, Inner, was performed in August and September of 2000. Bettina Semmer: Painting Factory was co-curated by Berlinda de Bruyckere and Peter Buggenhout. When I got there (co-curated with Zoe Shearman), October–November 1999, there were Artists: Christine & Irene Hohenbuchler with Martin Feiersinger, Mike Lawless, LDA Architects, Art Therapy Initiative, and Hermione Wiltshire.

3584401

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard%20Majella

Gerard Majella

Gerard Majella, C.Ss.R. (; 9 April 1726 – 16 October 1755) was an Italian lay brother of the Congregation of the Redeemer, better known as the Redemptorists, who is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church. His intercession is sought for children, unborn children, women in childbirth, mothers, expectant mothers, motherhood, the falsely accused, good confessions, lay brothers and Muro Lucano, Italy. Life Majella was born in Muro Lucano on 23 April 1726, the youngest of five children. He was frail, and his parents had him baptized the day he was born. He was the son of Domenico Maiella, a tailor who died when Gerard was twelve, leaving the family in poverty. His mother, Benedetta Galella, then sent him to her brother so that he could teach Gerard to sew and follow in his father's footsteps. However, the foreman was abusive. The boy kept silent, but his uncle soon found out and the man who taught him resigned from the job. After four years of apprenticeship, he took a job as a servant to work for the local Bishop of Lacedonia. Upon the bishop's death, Gerard returned to his trade, working first as a journeyman and then on his own account. He divided his earnings between his mother and the poor and in offerings for the souls in Purgatory. He tried to join the Capuchin Order twice, but his health prevented it. In 1749, he joined the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, known as Redemptorists. The order was founded in 1732 by Saint Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787) at Scala, near Naples. The essentially- missionary order is dedicated to "preaching the word of God to the poor." Its apostolate is principally in giving of missions and retreats. During his life, he was very close to the peasants and other outsiders who lived in the Neapolitan countryside. In his work with the Redemptorist community, he was variously a gardener, sacristan, tailor, porter, cook, carpenter, and clerk of works on the new buildings at Caposele. At 27, the Majella was controversially identified by a young pregnant woman as the father of her child. Some of Majella's reported miracles include restoring life to a boy who had fallen from a high cliff, blessing the scant supply of wheat belonging to a poor family and making it last until the next harvest, and several times multiplying the bread that he was distributing to the poor. One day, he walked across the water to lead a boatload of fishermen through stormy waves to the safety of the shore. He was reputed to have had bilocation and the ability to read souls. His last will was a small note on the door of his cell: "Here the will of God is done, as God wills, and as long as God wills." He died at 29 of tuberculosis on 16 October 1755 in Materdomini, Italy. Patron of mothers One miracle in particular explains how Majella became known as the special patron of mothers. A few months before his death, he visited the Pirofalo family and accidentally dropped his handkerchief. One of the Pirofalo girls spotted the handkerchief moments after he had left the house, and she ran after Gerard to return it. "Keep it," he said to her. "You may need it some day." Years later when the girl, now a married woman, was on the verge of dying in childbirth, she remembered the words of the saintly lay brother. She asked for the handkerchief to be brought to her. Almost immediately, the pain disappeared and she gave birth to a healthy child. That was no small feat in an era when only one out of three pregnancies resulted in a live birth, and word of the miracle spread quickly. Because of the miracles that God worked through Gerard's prayers with mothers, the mothers of Italy took Gerard to their hearts and made him their patron. At the process of his beatification, one witness testified that he was known as "il santo dei felice parti," the saint of happy childbirths. His devotion has become very popular in North America, both in the United States and Canada. Veneration Majella was beatified in Rome on 29 January 1893 by Pope Leo XIII. He was canonized less than twelve years later on 11 December 1904 by Pope Pius X. The feast day of Saint Gerard Majella is October 16. In 1977, St. Gerard's Chapel in St. Lucy's Church (Newark, New Jersey) was dedicated as a national shrine. Each year during the Feast days, which include October 16, there are traditional lights, music, food stands and a street procession. People come from all over to celebrate. Devotees also visit the shrine throughout the year to petition the help of St. Gerard. The St. Gerard Majella Annual Novena takes place every year at St. Josephs Church in Dundalk, Ireland. This annual nine-day novena is the biggest festival of faith in Ireland. St. Joseph's sponsors the St. Gerard's Family League, an association of Christians united in prayer for their own and other families, to preserve Christian values in their home and family lives. Legacy St Gerard's Church in Wellington, New Zealand, built in 1908, was the first church to be dedicated to him. Other churches dedicated to him are located in: Sapugahawatte, Dodangoda, Sri Lanka; Kirimatiyana, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka; Preston, Lancashire, England; Bristol, England; and Westminster, Western Australia. Catholic parishes dedicated to him are located in Hollis (in the Borough of Queens), New York City; Kirkwood, Missouri; Port Jefferson Station, Long Island, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, New York; and Del Rey, Los Angeles, California. The Sanctuary of San Gerardo Maiella is a basilica in Materdomini, Italy dedicated to him. The Senior Coroner for Liverpool and Wirral sits at the Gerard Majella Courthouse in Liverpool. In Scotland, there is a church and primary school dedicated to St Gerard Majella in Bellshill, Lanarkshire, opened in 1971 & 1973 respectively. The maternity hospital, now a housing estate, was located close by, hence the choice of name of church and school. Two towns in Quebec, Canada, are named in his honour: one in the Montérégie region and another in the Lanaudière region. Another town, St-Jean-Sur-Richelieu, has one of its parishes named after him. In Ghent (Belgium) a model school was named after Saint Gerard. This school was exhibited on the world exhibition of 1913 in Ghent as a model for Belgium's future school buildings. In 1914 it was rebuilt after the exhibition with the same stones. Nowadays the Saint Gerard School is used by a charity organisation "Geraarke" (local name) which supports poor people with clothes and food packages. In Nigeria, there is a shrine dedicated to St Gerard Majella at a place called Oba, in Anambra State. It was given to the Redemptorists of the Vice-Province of Nigeria by the Archbishop of Onitsha, Most Rev. Valerian Okeke. The Redemeptorists also built a school for the poor and most abandoned in the shrine site dedicated to St Gerard Majella. He was featured on an Italian 45-eurocent postage stamp in May 2005. References Further reading Farrelly Jr, Peter, "Hope in the Handkerchief of a Saint" Rabenstein, Katherine, "For All The Saints" Karelse, Theun, "The Field Guide To Flying Saints" Heinegg, Peter (translator), "Saint Gerard Majella, His Writings and Spirituality" - External links "The Mothers' Saint", St. Gerard Majella C.Ss.R. Santuario San Gerardo Maiella - Materdomini 1726 births 1755 deaths People from Muro Lucano Redemptorist saints Italian Roman Catholic saints Canonized Roman Catholic religious brothers 18th-century Christian saints Canonizations by Pope Pius X Beatifications by Pope Leo XIII Venerated Catholics

<mask>, C.Ss.R. (; 9 April 1726 – 16 October 1755) was an Italian lay brother of the Congregation of the Redeemer, better known as the Redemptorists, who is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church. His intercession is sought for children, unborn children, women in childbirth, mothers, expectant mothers, motherhood, the falsely accused, good confessions, lay brothers and Muro Lucano, Italy. <mask> was born in Muro Lucano on 23 April 1726, the youngest of five children. He was frail, and his parents had him baptized the day he was born. He was the son of Domenico Maiella, a tailor who died when <mask> was twelve, leaving the family in poverty. His mother, Benedetta Galella, then sent him to her brother so that he could teach <mask> to sew and follow in his father's footsteps.However, the foreman was abusive. The boy kept silent, but his uncle soon found out and the man who taught him resigned from the job. After four years of apprenticeship, he took a job as a servant to work for the local Bishop of Lacedonia. Upon the bishop's death, <mask> returned to his trade, working first as a journeyman and then on his own account. He divided his earnings between his mother and the poor and in offerings for the souls in Purgatory. He tried to join the Capuchin Order twice, but his health prevented it. In 1749, he joined the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, known as Redemptorists.The order was founded in 1732 by Saint Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787) at Scala, near Naples. The essentially- missionary order is dedicated to "preaching the word of God to the poor." Its apostolate is principally in giving of missions and retreats. During his life, he was very close to the peasants and other outsiders who lived in the Neapolitan countryside. In his work with the Redemptorist community, he was variously a gardener, sacristan, tailor, porter, cook, carpenter, and clerk of works on the new buildings at Caposele. At 27, the Majella was controversially identified by a young pregnant woman as the father of her child. Some of Majella's reported miracles include restoring life to a boy who had fallen from a high cliff, blessing the scant supply of wheat belonging to a poor family and making it last until the next harvest, and several times multiplying the bread that he was distributing to the poor.One day, he walked across the water to lead a boatload of fishermen through stormy waves to the safety of the shore. He was reputed to have had bilocation and the ability to read souls. His last will was a small note on the door of his cell: "Here the will of God is done, as God wills, and as long as God wills." He died at 29 of tuberculosis on 16 October 1755 in Materdomini, Italy. Patron of mothers One miracle in particular explains how <mask> became known as the special patron of mothers. A few months before his death, he visited the Pirofalo family and accidentally dropped his handkerchief. One of the Pirofalo girls spotted the handkerchief moments after he had left the house, and she ran after <mask> to return it."Keep it," he said to her. "You may need it some day." Years later when the girl, now a married woman, was on the verge of dying in childbirth, she remembered the words of the saintly lay brother. She asked for the handkerchief to be brought to her. Almost immediately, the pain disappeared and she gave birth to a healthy child. That was no small feat in an era when only one out of three pregnancies resulted in a live birth, and word of the miracle spread quickly. Because of the miracles that God worked through <mask>'s prayers with mothers, the mothers of Italy took <mask> to their hearts and made him their patron.At the process of his beatification, one witness testified that he was known as "il santo dei felice parti," the saint of happy childbirths. His devotion has become very popular in North America, both in the United States and Canada. Veneration <mask> was beatified in Rome on 29 January 1893 by Pope Leo XIII. He was canonized less than twelve years later on 11 December 1904 by Pope Pius X. The feast day of Saint <mask> is October 16. In 1977, St. Gerard's Chapel in St. Lucy's Church (Newark, New Jersey) was dedicated as a national shrine. Each year during the Feast days, which include October 16, there are traditional lights, music, food stands and a street procession.People come from all over to celebrate. Devotees also visit the shrine throughout the year to petition the help of St. <mask>. The St. Gerard Majella Annual Novena takes place every year at St. Josephs Church in Dundalk, Ireland. This annual nine-day novena is the biggest festival of faith in Ireland. St. Joseph's sponsors the St. Gerard's Family League, an association of Christians united in prayer for their own and other families, to preserve Christian values in their home and family lives. Legacy St Gerard's Church in Wellington, New Zealand, built in 1908, was the first church to be dedicated to him. Other churches dedicated to him are located in: Sapugahawatte, Dodangoda, Sri Lanka; Kirimatiyana, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka; Preston, Lancashire, England; Bristol, England; and Westminster, Western Australia.Catholic parishes dedicated to him are located in Hollis (in the Borough of Queens), New York City; Kirkwood, Missouri; Port Jefferson Station, Long Island, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, New York; and Del Rey, Los Angeles, California. The Sanctuary of San Gerardo Maiella is a basilica in Materdomini, Italy dedicated to him. The Senior Coroner for Liverpool and Wirral sits at the Gerard Majella Courthouse in Liverpool. In Scotland, there is a church and primary school dedicated to St <mask>ella in Bellshill, Lanarkshire, opened in 1971 & 1973 respectively. The maternity hospital, now a housing estate, was located close by, hence the choice of name of church and school. Two towns in Quebec, Canada, are named in his honour: one in the Montérégie region and another in the Lanaudière region. Another town, St-Jean-Sur-Richelieu, has one of its parishes named after him.In Ghent (Belgium) a model school was named after Saint <mask>. This school was exhibited on the world exhibition of 1913 in Ghent as a model for Belgium's future school buildings. In 1914 it was rebuilt after the exhibition with the same stones. Nowadays the Saint Gerard School is used by a charity organisation "Geraarke" (local name) which supports poor people with clothes and food packages. In Nigeria, there is a shrine dedicated to St <mask> at a place called Oba, in Anambra State. It was given to the Redemptorists of the Vice-Province of Nigeria by the Archbishop of Onitsha, Most Rev. Valerian Okeke.The Redemeptorists also built a school for the poor and most abandoned in the shrine site dedicated to St <mask>ella. He was featured on an Italian 45-eurocent postage stamp in May 2005. References Further reading Farrelly Jr, Peter, "Hope in the Handkerchief of a Saint" Rabenstein, Katherine, "For All The Saints" Karelse, Theun, "The Field Guide To Flying Saints" Heinegg, Peter (translator), "Saint <mask>, His Writings and Spirituality" - External links "The Mothers' Saint", St. <mask> Majella C.Ss.R. Santuario San Gerardo Maiella - Materdomini 1726 births 1755 deaths People from Muro Lucano Redemptorist saints Italian Roman Catholic saints Canonized Roman Catholic religious brothers 18th-century Christian saints Canonizations by Pope Pius X Beatifications by Pope Leo XIII Venerated Catholics

C.Ss.R. is owned by <mask>. An Italian lay brother of the Redemptorists was honored as a saint by the Catholic Church. Children, unborn children, women in childbirth, mothers, expectant mothers, motherhood, the wrongly accused, good confessions, lay brothers and Muro Lucano, Italy are some of the things that his intercession is sought for. Life <mask> was the youngest of five children. The day he was born, his parents had him baptised. He was the son of a tailor who died when he was twelve years old, leaving the family in poverty. His mother sent him to his brother so he could learn how to sew and follow in his father's footsteps.The foreman was abusive. The man who taught the boy resigned after his uncle found out. He took a job as a servant to the local bishop after four years of apprenticeship. After the bishop's death, he returned to his trade as a journeyman and then on his own account. His earnings were divided between his mother and the poor. His health prevented him from joining the Capuchin Order twice. He joined the Redemptorists in 1749Saint Alphonsus Liguori founded the order in 1732. The order is dedicated to spreading the word of God to the poor. Giving of missions and retreats is its apostolate. He was very close to the peasants and other outsiders who lived in the Neapolitan countryside. He was a gardener, sacristan, tailor, porter, cook, carpenter, and clerk of works for the Redemptorist community. A pregnant woman identified the <mask> as the father of her child when he was 27. Majella is said to have restored life to a boy who had fallen from a high cliff, blessed the scant supply of wheat belonging to a poor family, and distributed bread to the poor several times.He walked across the water to lead a group of fishermen to safety. He was said to have been able to read souls. He left a note on the door of his cell that said, "Here the will of God is done, as God wills, and as long as God wills." He died of Tuberculosis on 16 October 1755 in Italy. One miracle explains how Majella became known as the special patron of mothers. He dropped his handkerchief while visiting the Pirofalo family a few months before his death. After he left the house, one of the girls spotted the handkerchief and ran after him to get it.He told her to keep it. You may need it in the future. When the girl was on the verge of dying in childbirth, she remembered the words of the saintly lay brother. She wanted the handkerchief to be with her. She gave birth to a healthy child after almost no pain. When only one out of three pregnancies resulted in a live birth, that was no small feat, and word of the miracle spread quickly. The mothers of Italy made him their patron because of the miracles that God worked through his prayers.One witness testified that he was known as "il santo dei felice parti," the saint of happy childbirths. His devotion is very popular in both the United States and Canada. Pope Leo XIII beatified Veneration <mask> on January 29, 1893. He was canonized by Pope Pius X in 1904. October 16 is the feast day of Saint Majella. St. Lucy's Church was dedicated as a national shrine in 1977. During the Feast days, there are traditional lights, music, food stands and a street procession.People come from all over to celebrate. Devotees visit the shrine to petition for help. The annual Novena is held at St. Josephs Church in Dundalk, Ireland. The biggest festival of faith in Ireland is the novena. St. Joseph's sponsors the St.Gerard's Family League, an association of Christians united in prayer for their own and other families, to preserve Christian values in their home and family lives. The first church to be dedicated to him was in Wellington, New Zealand. The churches dedicated to him are located in different parts of the world.The catholic churches dedicated to him are located in the city of New York, the state of Missouri, the state of Long Island, and the state of California. The Sanctuary of San Gerardo Maiella is located in Italy. The Senior Coroner sits at the Gerard Majella Courthouse. The church and primary school in Bellshill, Lanarkshire, opened in 1971 and 1973. The name of the church and school was chosen because the maternity hospital was close by. In Canada, two towns are named in his honor, one in the Montérégie region and the other in the Lanaudire region. St-Jean-sur-Richelieu has a parish named after him.The model school was named after Saint <mask>. The school was displayed as a model forBelgium's future school buildings at the world exhibition in 1913. After the exhibition, it was rebuilt with the same stones. The charity organisation "Geraarke" helps the poor by giving them clothes and food packages. There is a shrine dedicated to the saint in Nigeria. The Redemptorists of the Vice-Province of Nigeria received it. Valerian Okeke.The school for the poor and most abandoned in the shrine site were built by the Redemeptorists. He was featured on a postage stamp in Italy. "Hope in the Handkerchief of a Saint", "For All The Saints", and "The Field Guide To Flying Saints" are references. People from Muro Lucano Redemptorist saints Italian Roman Catholic saints Canonized Roman Catholic religious brothers in the 18th century.

46198349

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach%20Hyman

Zach Hyman

Zachary Martin Hyman (born June 9, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger and author, currently playing for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the Toronto Maple Leafs. Hockey Canada named him the 2011 Canadian Junior Hockey League Player of the Year. In 2013, Hyman represented Canada at the 2013 Maccabiah Games in Israel, where he won a gold medal. During the 2014–15 season, Hyman won a number of awards, including being named the University of Michigan's Athlete of the Year and a First Team All-American, and was a finalist for the Hobey Baker Award. Hyman was selected by the Florida Panthers in the 5th round of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. However, the parties were unable to agree on a contract, and Hyman's rights were traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs on June 19, 2015. During his rookie 2016–17 season, he set a new Maple Leafs record for most short-handed goals scored by a rookie in a season with four, and tied the team record for the most consecutive games with an assist by a rookie at six games. Hyman is also an award-winning, best-selling author of children's literature, under contract with Penguin Random House. Early and personal life Hyman was born on June 9, 1992, in Toronto, Ontario, to Stuart and Vicky Hyman. He grew up in the Forest Hill neighbourhood with four brothers: Spencer, Oliver, Cooper and Shane. Hyman's father Stuart is the Chairman and Governor of the Markham Royals and the Chairman of the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL). Zach's younger brother Spencer is the assistant general manager and coach of the Markham Royals. His younger brother Oliver played for the Hamilton Red Wings from 2011 to 2013. Hyman is Jewish and attended United Synagogue Day School and graduated with honours from a Jewish high school, the Community Hebrew Academy of Toronto. Hyman volunteers much of his free time in the community and is an athlete ambassador for children's charities such as Right To Play and First Book Canada. Hyman married his girlfriend Alannah Mozes on June 30, 2019. Their son, Theo, was born in December 2020. Playing career Junior Hyman played for the Hamilton Red Wings from 2008 to 2011. During his rookie season, he recorded 13 goals and 24 assists in 49 regular season games, and two goals in five playoff games. He was named the Red Wings' Rookie of the Year. During his sophomore season, Hyman was voted team captain. He recorded 35 goals and 40 assists in 49 regular season games, and seven goals and nine assists in 11 playoff games. During his final season of Junior A hockey, Hyman was the leading scorer for the Red Wings, recording 42 goals and 60 assists in 43 regular season games, and three goals and five assists in seven playoff games. Hyman ranked second in the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL) in scoring, recording 102 points in 43 games, and led all players with 2.37 points per game. Following an outstanding season with the Red Wings, Hyman was named to the OJHL's North-West Conference First All-Star Team, and Hockey Canada awarded him the CJHL Player of the Year Award. He became just the second player from the OJHL to win the award, following Trent Walford in 1995–96. In 2010, Hyman was chosen as the OJHL's Most Gentlemanly Player. A two-time Red Wings' MVP, the OHA also selected him as the BJ Monroe Trophy recipient. The award recognized Zach Hyman as the Association's Top Pro Prospect. At the conclusion of the 2010–11 season, Hyman's jersey was displayed in the Hockey Hall of Fame. College Hyman originally committed to play ice hockey for Princeton University during the 2010–11 season. However, he decommitted after Princeton Tigers head coach Guy Gadowsky left the school to start the Division I hockey program at Pennsylvania State University. Following Gadowsky to Penn State was not an option, as the program did not have a varsity team at the time. In May 2011, Hyman was offered an athletic scholarship and committed to play for the University of Michigan for the 2011–12 season. During his freshman season for the Michigan Wolverines, Hyman recorded 2 goals and 7 assists in 41 games. He scored his first career goal on October 21, 2011, in a game against Northern Michigan University. In his sophomore season, he recorded 4 goals and 5 assists in 38 games. During his junior season, he recorded 7 goals and 10 assists in 35 games. Hyman was selected as the 2014 Bates/Deskins Award Winner, an honour bestowed upon the University of Michigan's Top Junior Student Athlete. In his senior season, Hyman was named alternate captain. He was Michigan's leading scorer, and the Big Ten Scoring Champion, setting a new record with 54 points, scoring 22 goals and 32 assists in only 37 games. Hyman became the first Michigan player to record 20 goals in a season since Louie Caporusso, and the first player to record 50 points or more since Carl Hagelin during the 2009–10 season. Hyman led the team with 17 multiple-point games, including six games with three or more points. On October 24, 2014, Hyman recorded a career-high five points, and his first career hat-trick against the University of Massachusetts Lowell. In December 2014, Hyman was named to the 50th Great Lakes Invitational Tournament team, where he scored both game-winning goals against Michigan Technological University and Michigan State University to help lead Michigan to its 16th Tournament Title. Following an outstanding senior season with the Wolverines, Hyman was named to the 2014–15 All-Big Ten First Team, and named an AHCA First Team All-American. Hyman was also named a top-ten finalist for the Hobey Baker Award. He was also selected as the SB Nation College Hockey Big Ten Media Most Valuable Player. On March 27, 2015, Hyman received the 2015 All-American Athlete Award by The National Strength and Conditioning Association (NCSA) and EAS Sports Nutrition. The award recognized Hyman's athletic accomplishments and his dedication to strength and conditioning. In a national awards ceremony at the Atlanta History Center on April 27, 2015, Hyman was honoured as one of five finalists for the 11th Annual Coach Wooden Citizenship Cup Award, and was recognized as one of the most outstanding role models among athletes. Hyman graduated from Michigan with a history major in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. He was a three-time Big Ten All-Academic selection and a two-time recipient of the Big Ten Distinguished Scholar Award, having earned a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 3.7 or higher for the previous academic year. On May 4, 2015, Hyman was selected as a Senior Athlete of the Year Award winner for the 2014–15 season at Michigan's Bob Ufer Quarterback Club's Annual Banquet, an award previously won by former standout Michigan quarterbacks Jim Harbaugh in 1987 and Tom Brady in 2000. Past recipients include Heisman Winner Desmond Howard in 1992, Brian Wiseman in 1994, Marty Turco in 1998, T. J. Hensick in 2007, Kevin Porter in 2008 and Carl Hagelin in 2011. On May 14, 2015, Hyman was part of a quartet of University of Michigan student-athletes who were named Capital One First Team Academic All-District selections, the announcement coming from the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA), and his name was put forward for Academic All-American consideration. On June 11, 2015, Hyman was named to the 2015 Capital One Academic All-America Division I Men's At-Large team, as selected by CoSIDA. Hyman was the second ice hockey player at Michigan to be named an Academic All-America honoree, following Jeff Jillson in 2001, and the first to be named First Team Academic All American. On June 22, 2015, the University of Michigan Athletic Department named Hyman the 2014–15 Michigan Athlete of the Year. Hyman was the third ice hockey player to receive the honour, following Brendan Morrison in 1997 and Kevin Porter in 2008. Professional Hyman was drafted 123rd overall by the Florida Panthers in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. At the conclusion of his college career, the Panthers offered Hyman an NHL contract, but Hyman announced his intent not to sign with the Panthers, and opted for free agency. On June 19, 2015, Hyman's playing rights were acquired by the Toronto Maple Leafs from the Florida Panthers in exchange for centre Greg McKegg, ahead of his planned July 1, 2015 free agency. On June 23, Hyman signed a two-year, entry-level contract with Toronto. Hyman made his professional debut for the Maple Leafs' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, on October 9, 2015, where he recorded his first professional point, an assist on a Byron Froese goal in the second period. On November 7, Hyman recorded his first professional goal, a short-handed goal against Matt O'Connor of the Binghamton Senators. On February 29, 2016, Hyman was recalled by the Toronto Maple Leafs. Prior to being recalled, he recorded 13 goals and 20 assists in 54 games for the Marlies that season and led the AHL in short-handed goals. He made his NHL debut in a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning later that night, recording 15:58 of ice time, 22 shifts, two shots and one hit. He scored his first career NHL goal one week later on March 7 against Chad Johnson of the Buffalo Sabres. On March 31, 2016, Hyman was loaned to the Marlies in preparation for the AHL Calder Cup playoffs. Considered favourites to win the Calder Cup championship, the team was eliminated in the third round. Hyman contributed 6 points in the team's 15-game run. Hyman played every game despite suffering an injury (broken nose) in a game against the Hershey Bears. On October 11, 2016, Hyman earned a permanent spot on the big club, and he was included on the 2016–17 regular season 100th Anniversary Centennial team opening day roster for the Toronto Maple Leafs. He dressed for the season opener on October 12, against the Ottawa Senators, on a line with fellow rookies Auston Matthews and William Nylander. In the first period of play, Hyman assisted on Auston Matthews' first-ever NHL goal. During the 2016–17 NHL season a number of Toronto Maple Leafs team records were either tied or broken by Hyman. On February 6, 2017, Hyman scored his third short-handed goal of the season, surpassing the previous Maple Leafs record for number of short-handed goals scored by a rookie which had been held by Gus Mortson since 1946–47. At six games with an assist, Hyman also tied for the most consecutive games with an assist by a rookie with Dan Daoust, Bob Nevin, and Frank Nigro. On March 28, 2017, when playing the Florida Panthers, Hyman set the Toronto Maple Leafs record for most short-handed goals in a single season by a rookie with four. On March 15, 2016, Hyman scored his first multi-point game. On October 7, 2017, he recorded another multi-point game with two points in an eventual 8–5 victory over the New York Rangers. On July 5, 2017, Hyman signed a four-year, $9 million contract extension with the Maple Leafs. Hyman skated on the Maple Leafs' top line during the 2017–18 season. He recorded career-highs in goals, and assist and points. On December 29, 2017, Hyman scored his fifth career shorthanded goal. The goal is the third-most by a Maple Leafs' player during their first three NHL season, behind only Rick Vaive (seven) and Lanny McDonald (six). The Maple Leafs qualified for the postseason for a second straight year, falling in the first round in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Hyman missed the beginning of the 2019–20 season after recovering from Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. He made his season debut on November 13 in a 5–4 loss to the New York Islanders. Hyman finished the season scoring 21 goals and 37 points in just 51 games. Hyman was named an Alternate Captain for the Toronto Maple Leafs prior to the start of the 2020–21 season. On July 28, 2021, Hyman signed a seven-year, $38.5 million contract with the Edmonton Oilers. Hyman got off to a fast start with the Oilers, scoring six goals and seven points in his first six games. On December 1st 2021 Hyman scored his first career hat-trick but the goal got ruled offsides. International play In 2010, as a 17-year-old underage player, Hyman served as assistant captain and represented Canada in the U20 Three Nations tournament in Norrtälje, Sweden. He was named game MVP against Finland, after scoring two goals in the game. He finished the tournament with three goals and one assist in four games. Hyman represented Canada East at the 2010 World Junior A Challenge. He was named MVP of the game against Russia. He was one of the tournament's leading scorers recording two goals and three assists in five games, and won a silver medal. In July 2013, Hyman served as an alternate captain representing Canada at the 2013 Maccabiah Games held in Israel, where he recorded three goals and three assists in two games and won a gold medal. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and achievements NHL records Toronto Maple Leafs Most short-handed goals by a rookie (4) Most consecutive games with an assist by a rookie (6) (tied with three other players) Most empty net goals in a season (6) Most empty net goals All-time leader (13) Writing career Hyman is also a best-selling author under contract with Penguin Random House. His award-winning children's book The Bambino and Me which earned a starred Kirkus Review, conjures 1920s New York, and tells the story of a young Yankees fan named George, who especially admires Babe Ruth and carries his baseball card everywhere. His second book, Hockey Hero was released in October 2015 and is about a shy hockey player who overcomes playing in his brother's shadow and eventually makes his dream come true. His latest book, The Magician's Secret, was released on April 3, 2018, is a best seller. This book features the adventures of Charlie as he listens to tales from his grandfather which have been saved in his Magic Story Chest. Charlie comes to learn that believing in dreams can make them become reality. The Magician's Secret was also nominated for the 2019 Blue Spruce Award by the Ontario Library Association. He is currently working on a fourth children's book for Penguin Random House, possibly about basketball, which is set to be published in 2021. See also List of select Jewish ice hockey players References External links 1992 births 21st-century Canadian Jews Living people Canadian children's writers Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States Canadian ice hockey forwards Competitors at the 2013 Maccabiah Games Edmonton Oilers players Florida Panthers draft picks Ice hockey people from Ontario Jewish Canadian sportspeople Jewish Canadian writers Jewish ice hockey players Maccabiah Games gold medalists for Canada Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey players Sportspeople from Toronto Toronto Maple Leafs players Toronto Marlies players Writers from Toronto AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans

<mask> (born June 9, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger and author, currently playing for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the Toronto Maple Leafs. Hockey Canada named him the 2011 Canadian Junior Hockey League Player of the Year. In 2013, <mask> represented Canada at the 2013 Maccabiah Games in Israel, where he won a gold medal. During the 2014–15 season, <mask> Award. <mask> was selected by the Florida Panthers in the 5th round of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. However, the parties were unable to agree on a contract, and <mask>'s rights were traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs on June 19, 2015.During his rookie 2016–17 season, he set a new Maple Leafs record for most short-handed goals scored by a rookie in a season with four, and tied the team record for the most consecutive games with an assist by a rookie at six games. <mask> is also an award-winning, best-selling author of children's literature, under contract with Penguin Random House. Early and personal life <mask> was born on June 9, 1992, in Toronto, Ontario, to Stuart and <mask>. He grew up in the Forest Hill neighbourhood with four brothers: Spencer, Oliver, Cooper and Shane. <mask>'s father Stuart is the Chairman and Governor of the Markham Royals and the Chairman of the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL). <mask>'s younger brother Spencer is the assistant general manager and coach of the Markham Royals. His younger brother Oliver played for the Hamilton Red Wings from 2011 to 2013.<mask> is Jewish and attended United Synagogue Day School and graduated with honours from a Jewish high school, the Community Hebrew Academy of Toronto. <mask> volunteers much of his free time in the community and is an athlete ambassador for children's charities such as Right To Play and First Book Canada. <mask> married his girlfriend Alannah Mozes on June 30, 2019. Their son, Theo, was born in December 2020. Playing career <mask> played for the Hamilton Red Wings from 2008 to 2011. During his rookie season, he recorded 13 goals and 24 assists in 49 regular season games, and two goals in five playoff games. He was named the Red Wings' Rookie of the Year.During his sophomore season, <mask> was voted team captain. He recorded 35 goals and 40 assists in 49 regular season games, and seven goals and nine assists in 11 playoff games. During his final season of Junior A hockey, <mask> was the leading scorer for the Red Wings, recording 42 goals and 60 assists in 43 regular season games, and three goals and five assists in seven playoff games. <mask> ranked second in the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL) in scoring, recording 102 points in 43 games, and led all players with 2.37 points per game. Following an outstanding season with the Red Wings, <mask> was named to the OJHL's North-West Conference First All-Star Team, and Hockey Canada awarded him the CJHL Player of the Year Award. He became just the second player from the OJHL to win the award, following Trent Walford in 1995–96. In 2010, <mask> Monroe Trophy recipient. The award recognized <mask> as the Association's Top Pro Prospect. At the conclusion of the 2010–11 season, <mask>'s jersey was displayed in the Hockey Hall of Fame. College <mask> originally committed to play ice hockey for Princeton University during the 2010–11 season. However, he decommitted after Princeton Tigers head coach Guy Gadowsky left the school to start the Division I hockey program at Pennsylvania State University. Following Gadowsky to Penn State was not an option, as the program did not have a varsity team at the time. In May 2011, <mask> was offered an athletic scholarship and committed to play for the University of Michigan for the 2011–12 season.During his freshman season for the Michigan Wolverines, <mask> recorded 2 goals and 7 assists in 41 games. He scored his first career goal on October 21, 2011, in a game against Northern Michigan University. In his sophomore season, he recorded 4 goals and 5 assists in 38 games. During his junior season, he recorded 7 goals and 10 assists in 35 games. <mask> was selected as the 2014 Bates/Deskins Award Winner, an honour bestowed upon the University of Michigan's Top Junior Student Athlete. In his senior season, <mask> was named alternate captain. He was Michigan's leading scorer, and the Big Ten Scoring Champion, setting a new record with 54 points, scoring 22 goals and 32 assists in only 37 games.<mask> became the first Michigan player to record 20 goals in a season since Louie Caporusso, and the first player to record 50 points or more since Carl Hagelin during the 2009–10 season. <mask> led the team with 17 multiple-point games, including six games with three or more points. On October 24, 2014, <mask> recorded a career-high five points, and his first career hat-trick against the University of Massachusetts Lowell. In December 2014, <mask> was named to the 50th Great Lakes Invitational Tournament team, where he scored both game-winning goals against Michigan Technological University and Michigan State University to help lead Michigan to its 16th Tournament Title. Following an outstanding senior season with the Wolverines, <mask> was named to the 2014–15 All-Big Ten First Team, and named an AHCA First Team All-American. <mask> was also named a top-ten finalist for the Hobey Baker Award. He was also selected as the SB Nation College Hockey Big Ten Media Most Valuable Player.On March 27, 2015, <mask> received the 2015 All-American Athlete Award by The National Strength and Conditioning Association (NCSA) and EAS Sports Nutrition. The award recognized <mask>'s athletic accomplishments and his dedication to strength and conditioning. In a national awards ceremony at the Atlanta History Center on April 27, 2015, <mask> was honoured as one of five finalists for the 11th Annual Coach Wooden Citizenship Cup Award, and was recognized as one of the most outstanding role models among athletes. <mask> graduated from Michigan with a history major in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. He was a three-time Big Ten All-Academic selection and a two-time recipient of the Big Ten Distinguished Scholar Award, having earned a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 3.7 or higher for the previous academic year. On May 4, 2015, <mask> was selected as a Senior Athlete of the Year Award winner for the 2014–15 season at Michigan's Bob Ufer Quarterback Club's Annual Banquet, an award previously won by former standout Michigan quarterbacks Jim Harbaugh in 1987 and Tom Brady in 2000. Past recipients include Heisman Winner Desmond Howard in 1992, Brian Wiseman in 1994, Marty Turco in 1998, T. J. Hensick in 2007, Kevin Porter in 2008 and Carl Hagelin in 2011.On May 14, 2015, <mask> was part of a quartet of University of Michigan student-athletes who were named Capital One First Team Academic All-District selections, the announcement coming from the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA), and his name was put forward for Academic All-American consideration. On June 11, 2015, <mask> was named to the 2015 Capital One Academic All-America Division I Men's At-Large team, as selected by CoSIDA. <mask> was the second ice hockey player at Michigan to be named an Academic All-America honoree, following Jeff Jillson in 2001, and the first to be named First Team Academic All American. On June 22, 2015, the University of Michigan Athletic Department named <mask> the 2014–15 Michigan Athlete of the Year. <mask> was the third ice hockey player to receive the honour, following Brendan Morrison in 1997 and Kevin Porter in 2008. Professional <mask> was drafted 123rd overall by the Florida Panthers in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. At the conclusion of his college career, the Panthers offered <mask> an NHL contract, but <mask> announced his intent not to sign with the Panthers, and opted for free agency.On June 19, 2015, <mask>'s playing rights were acquired by the Toronto Maple Leafs from the Florida Panthers in exchange for centre Greg McKegg, ahead of his planned July 1, 2015 free agency. On June 23, <mask> signed a two-year, entry-level contract with Toronto. <mask> made his professional debut for the Maple Leafs' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, on October 9, 2015, where he recorded his first professional point, an assist on a Byron Froese goal in the second period. On November 7, <mask> recorded his first professional goal, a short-handed goal against Matt O'Connor of the Binghamton Senators. On February 29, 2016, <mask> was recalled by the Toronto Maple Leafs. Prior to being recalled, he recorded 13 goals and 20 assists in 54 games for the Marlies that season and led the AHL in short-handed goals. He made his NHL debut in a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning later that night, recording 15:58 of ice time, 22 shifts, two shots and one hit.He scored his first career NHL goal one week later on March 7 against Chad Johnson of the Buffalo Sabres. On March 31, 2016, <mask> was loaned to the Marlies in preparation for the AHL Calder Cup playoffs. Considered favourites to win the Calder Cup championship, the team was eliminated in the third round. <mask> contributed 6 points in the team's 15-game run. <mask> played every game despite suffering an injury (broken nose) in a game against the Hershey Bears. On October 11, 2016, <mask> earned a permanent spot on the big club, and he was included on the 2016–17 regular season 100th Anniversary Centennial team opening day roster for the Toronto Maple Leafs. He dressed for the season opener on October 12, against the Ottawa Senators, on a line with fellow rookies Auston Matthews and William Nylander.In the first period of play, <mask> assisted on Auston Matthews' first-ever NHL goal. During the 2016–17 NHL season a number of Toronto Maple Leafs team records were either tied or broken by <mask>. On February 6, 2017, <mask> scored his third short-handed goal of the season, surpassing the previous Maple Leafs record for number of short-handed goals scored by a rookie which had been held by Gus Mortson since 1946–47. At six games with an assist, <mask> also tied for the most consecutive games with an assist by a rookie with Dan Daoust, Bob Nevin, and Frank Nigro. On March 28, 2017, when playing the Florida Panthers, <mask> set the Toronto Maple Leafs record for most short-handed goals in a single season by a rookie with four. On March 15, 2016, <mask> scored his first multi-point game. On October 7, 2017, he recorded another multi-point game with two points in an eventual 8–5 victory over the New York Rangers.On July 5, 2017, <mask> signed a four-year, $9 million contract extension with the Maple Leafs. <mask> skated on the Maple Leafs' top line during the 2017–18 season. He recorded career-highs in goals, and assist and points. On December 29, 2017, <mask> scored his fifth career shorthanded goal. The goal is the third-most by a Maple Leafs' player during their first three NHL season, behind only Rick Vaive (seven) and Lanny McDonald (six). The Maple Leafs qualified for the postseason for a second straight year, falling in the first round in seven games to the Boston Bruins. <mask> missed the beginning of the 2019–20 season after recovering from Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery.He made his season debut on November 13 in a 5–4 loss to the New York Islanders. <mask> finished the season scoring 21 goals and 37 points in just 51 games. <mask> was named an Alternate Captain for the Toronto Maple Leafs prior to the start of the 2020–21 season. On July 28, 2021, <mask> signed a seven-year, $38.5 million contract with the Edmonton Oilers. <mask> got off to a fast start with the Oilers, scoring six goals and seven points in his first six games. On December 1st 2021 <mask> scored his first career hat-trick but the goal got ruled offsides. International play In 2010, as a 17-year-old underage player, <mask> served as assistant captain and represented Canada in the U20 Three Nations tournament in Norrtälje, Sweden.He was named game MVP against Finland, after scoring two goals in the game. He finished the tournament with three goals and one assist in four games. <mask> represented Canada East at the 2010 World Junior A Challenge. He was named MVP of the game against Russia. He was one of the tournament's leading scorers recording two goals and three assists in five games, and won a silver medal. In July 2013, <mask> served as an alternate captain representing Canada at the 2013 Maccabiah Games held in Israel, where he recorded three goals and three assists in two games and won a gold medal. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and achievements NHL records Toronto Maple Leafs Most short-handed goals by a rookie (4) Most consecutive games with an assist by a rookie (6) (tied with three other players) Most empty net goals in a season (6) Most empty net goals All-time leader (13) Writing career <mask> is also a best-selling author under contract with Penguin Random House.His award-winning children's book The Bambino and Me which earned a starred Kirkus Review, conjures 1920s New York, and tells the story of a young Yankees fan named George, who especially admires Babe Ruth and carries his baseball card everywhere. His second book, Hockey Hero was released in October 2015 and is about a shy hockey player who overcomes playing in his brother's shadow and eventually makes his dream come true. His latest book, The Magician's Secret, was released on April 3, 2018, is a best seller. This book features the adventures of Charlie as he listens to tales from his grandfather which have been saved in his Magic Story Chest. Charlie comes to learn that believing in dreams can make them become reality. The Magician's Secret was also nominated for the 2019 Blue Spruce Award by the Ontario Library Association. He is currently working on a fourth children's book for Penguin Random House, possibly about basketball, which is set to be published in 2021.See also List of select Jewish ice hockey players References External links 1992 births 21st-century Canadian Jews Living people Canadian children's writers Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States Canadian ice hockey forwards Competitors at the 2013 Maccabiah Games Edmonton Oilers players Florida Panthers draft picks Ice hockey people from Ontario Jewish Canadian sportspeople Jewish Canadian writers Jewish ice hockey players Maccabiah Games gold medalists for Canada Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey players Sportspeople from Toronto Toronto Maple Leafs players Toronto Marlies players Writers from Toronto AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans

A Canadian professional ice hockey left wing and author, who is currently playing in the NHL, was born on June 9, 1992. He played for the Maple Leafs. Hockey Canada named him the Canadian Junior Hockey League Player of the Year. At the Maccabiah Games in Israel, he won a gold medal. He was named the University of Michigan's Athletes of the Year and a First Team All-American, as well as a finalist for the Hobey Baker Award. The 5th round of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft was where <mask> was selected. <mask>'s rights were traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs on June 19, 2015, after the parties were unable to agree on a contract.He set a new Maple Leafs record for most short-handed goals scored by a rookies in a season with four, and tied the team record for the most consecutive games with an assist by a rookies. Under contract with Penguin Random House, <mask> is an award-winning, best-selling author of children's literature. <mask> was born on June 9, 1992, in Toronto, Ontario. He was raised in the Forest Hill neighbourhood with four brothers. Stuart is the Chairman and Governor of the Markham Royals and the Chairman of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. Spencer is the assistant general manager and coach of the Royals. Oliver was a player for the Hamilton Red Wings.He graduated from the Community Hebrew Academy of Toronto with honours after attending the United Synagogue Day School. He is an athlete ambassador for children's charities and volunteers a lot of his time in the community. The couple wed on June 30, 2019. Theo was born in December 2020. Junior played for the Red Wings from 2008 to 2011. He had 13 goals and 24 assists in 49 regular season games and two goals in five playoff games. The Red Wings named him their rookies of the year.He was voted team captain during his sophomore season. He had 35 goals and 40 assists in 49 regular season games and seven goals and nine assists in 11 playoff games. He was the leading scorer for the Red Wings with 42 goals and 60 assists in 43 regular season games and three goals and five assists in seven playoff games. In 43 games, he scored 102 points and led all players with 2.37 points per game. Hockey Canada awarded him the Player of the Year Award after he was named to the OJHL's North-West Conference First All-Star Team. Trent Walford was the first player from the OJHL to win the award. In 2010, he was chosen as the Most Gentlemanly Player.The OHA selected him as the winner of the Monroe trophy. The Association's top pro prospect was recognized by the award. The Hockey Hall of Fame displayed <mask>'s jersey at the conclusion of the 2010–11 season. College <mask> was going to play ice hockey for Princeton University. He changed his mind after the head coach of the hockey program left the school. The program did not have a team at that time. <mask> was offered an athletic scholarship and committed to play for the University of Michigan in 2011.He had 2 goals and 7 assists in 41 games during his freshman season. He scored his first career goal on October 21, 2011. He had 4 goals and 5 assists in 38 games in his sophomore season. He had 7 goals and 10 assists in 35 games as a junior. The University of Michigan's top junior student athlete selects the winner of the Bates/Deskins Award. In his senior year, he was named an alternate captain. He was Michigan's leading scorer with 54 points, scoring 22 goals and 32 assists in 37 games, setting a new record.The first Michigan player to record 20 goals in a season since Louie Caporusso was also the first player to record 50 points or more since Carl Hagelin. He led the team with 17 multiple-point games, including six games with three or more points. On October 24, 2014, he recorded a career-high five points, and his first career hat-trick, against the University of Massachusetts-Lowell. He scored two game-winning goals against Michigan Technological University and Michigan State University to help lead the University of Michigan to its 16th Tournament Title. He was named to the All-Big Ten First Team and the AHCA First Team All-American. The Hobey Baker Award has a top-ten finalist. He was named the Big Ten Media Most Valuable Player.The National Strength and Conditioning Association (NCSA) and EAS Sports Nutrition presented the All-American Athlete Award to <mask>. His dedication to strength and conditioning was recognized by the award. In a national awards ceremony at the Atlanta History Center on April 27, 2015, <mask> was honoured as one of five finalist for the 11th Annual Coach Wooden Citizenship Cup Award, and was recognized as one of the most outstanding role models among athletes. He majored in history at the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. He was a three-time Big Ten All-Academic selection and a two-time recipient of the Big TenDistinguished Scholar Award, having earned a minimum grade point average of 3.7 or higher for the previous academic year. Jim Harbaugh and Tom Brady won the Bob Ufer Quarterback Club's Annual Banquet for Senior Athletes of the Year in 1987 and 2000 respectively. The recipients include a winner of the Heisman in 1992, a winner in 1994, a winner in 1998, a winner in 2007, and a winner in 2011.On May 14, 2015, he was one of four University of Michigan student-athletes who were named Capital One First Team Academic All-District selections, the announcement coming from the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA), and his name was put forward for Academic All-American consideration. On June 11, 2015, he was named to the Capital One Academic All-America Division I Men's At-Large team. He was the second ice hockey player at Michigan to be named an Academic All-America honoree, following Jeff Jillson in 2001, and the first to be named First Team Academic All American. The Michigan athlete of the year was named on June 22, 2015. Brendan Morrison and Kevin Porter were the other two ice hockey players to receive the honor. He was drafted by the Florida panthers in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. At the conclusion of his college career, the Panthers offered him an NHL contract, but he decided not to sign with the team, opting for free agency.<mask>'s playing rights were acquired by the Toronto Maple Leafs from the Florida Panthers in exchange for centre Greg McKegg, ahead of his planned July 1, 2015 free agency. On June 23, he signed a two-year contract with Toronto. On October 9, 2015, he made his professional debut for the Maple Leafs' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, and recorded his first professional point. On November 7, he scored a short-handed goal against Matt O'Connor of the Senators. The Toronto Maple Leafs recalled him on February 29th. He had 13 goals and 20 assists in 54 games for the Marlies before he was recalled. He made his NHL debut in a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning later that night, recording 15:58 of ice time, 22 shifts, two shots and one hit.He scored his first goal in the NHL on March 7 against the Buffalo Sabres. On March 31, 2016 he was sent to the Marlies to prepare for the playoffs. The team was eliminated in the third round. In the team's 15-game run, he contributed 6 points. He suffered a broken nose in the game against the Hershey Bears. On October 11, 2016 he earned a permanent spot on the big club and was included on the opening day roster of the Toronto Maple Leafs. He was on a line with Auston Matthews and William Nylander for the season opener.Auston Matthews scored his first-ever NHL goal in the first period. A number of Toronto Maple Leafs team records were tied or broken during the 2016–17 NHL season. The previous Maple Leafs record for number of short-handed goals scored by a rookies had been held since 1946–47. At six games with an assist, he tied for the most consecutive games with an assist by a rookies with Dan Daoust, Bob Nevin, and Frank Nigro. The Toronto Maple Leafs had a record for most short-handed goals in a single season by a rookies with four. He scored his first multi-point game on March 15, 2016 He had a multi-point game with two points in an 8–5 victory over the New York Rangers.<mask> signed a four-year, $9 million contract extension with the Maple Leafs. He was on the Maple Leafs' top line. He had career-highs in goals and points. He scored his fifth shorthanded goal. The goal is the third-most by a Maple Leafs' player in their first three NHL seasons. The Maple Leafs lost in the first round of the playoffs for the second year in a row. He missed the beginning of the season after having surgery.He made his season debut on November 13 in a 5–4 loss to the New York Islanders. He scored 21 goals and 37 points in 51 games. The Toronto Maple Leafs named <mask> an alternate captain before the start of the 2020–21 season. <mask> signed a seven-year, $38.6 million contract with the Eskimos. He scored six goals and had seven points in the first six games for theOilers. <mask> scored his first career hat-trick but the goal was ruled out. In 2010, as a 17-year-old, he was an assistant captain for Canada in the U20 Three Nations tournament in Norrtlje, Sweden.He was named the game's most valuable player after scoring two goals. He had three goals and one assist in four games. Canada East had a representative at the World Junior A Challenge. He was the most valuable player of the game. He had two goals and three assists in five games and won a silver medal. In July of last year, he was an alternate captain for Canada at the Maccabiah Games in Israel, where he won a gold medal with three goals and three assists in two games. Most empty net goals in a season are tied with three other players, while the Toronto Maple Leafs have the most short-handed goals by a rookies.His award-winning children's book The Bambino and Me, which earned a starred Kirkus Review, tells the story of a young Yankees fan named George who admires Babe Ruth and carries his baseball card everywhere. Hockey Hero was his second book and is about a shy hockey player who overcomes his brother's shadow and eventually makes his dream come true. The Magician's Secret was a best seller. The book features the adventures of Charlie as he listens to his grandfather's stories in his Magic Story Chest. Charlie learns that if he believes in his dreams, they can become reality. The Ontario Library Association nominated The Magician's Secret. He is working on a fourth children's book, possibly about basketball, which will be published in 2021.List of Jewish ice hockey players References External links 1992 births 21st-century Canadian Jews Living people Canadian children's writers Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States

4520393

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Upfold

Charles Upfold

Charles Upfold (15 December 1834 – 14 March 1919), Justice of the Peace (9 September 1887), was an English soap manufacturer of great prominence in Australia. He was also a Director of Aberdare Collieries Co. Ltd., and the Chairman of the board of management for its railways. Family & background Charles Upfold was born in Grove Street, Walworth Common, (both now gone), Surrey (today Walworth, London), then a prosperous middle-class district. His father, John Upfold, was a fellmonger. Charles was baptised in Sir John Soane's new St.Peter's Church of England at Walworth, on 7 January 1835. An excellent photograph of this splendid church can be found on page 206 of London's Churches by Christopher Hibbert. Charles Upfold served his apprenticeship as a soap maker with John Knight & Co. at their Wapping soapworks in London, just across the river from the parishes where Charles's father resided and worked. Knight's Castile soap is still sold today. His sister, Eliza, married James Knight. Charles was later a Director of Knights. Charles appears on the UK 1851 Census Return, with his parents and married sister Eliza Knight at 11 Brandon Street, parish of St.Mary Newington, London, (then in Surrey), where he is described as a "soap maker". Business in New South Wales In 1860 he was already engaged in business in New South Wales and upon his marriage at West Maitland, New South Wales in 1864 (to Sarah, née Blundell, from Finchley), he was described as a "soap maker". When his first son, John, was born in 1865 at Morpeth, New South Wales, Charles was described as a soap-boiler, aged 27 years and born at Walworth, London, England. When his son Robert was born in 1869, Charles was described as a "soap manufacturer". That year Charles Upfold purchased the soap and candle factory of Frederick Nainby at Wickham and Honeysuckle Point, Newcastle, and in the Newcastle Chronicle of 16 May 1869 there is a reference to the "Great Northern Soap and Candle Works, proprietor, Charles Upfold." By the following year Upfolds plants were producing 9,420 hundredweight of soap and 600 cwt of candles. By 1872 soap production had increased to 21,000 cwt. Most was exported, much to China. That year Upfold expanded his Australian trading links by establishing a Sydney office at 50 Clarence Street. In 1877 Charles Upfold had been back in London and visiting factories in England. The following year he is listed under Wickham, in Newcastle, "Charles Upfold, soap manufacturer". Also in Wickham were Charles's three brothers-in-law, Albert, James, and John Blundell, who came from Finchley, Middlesex, (north London), and were clearly all working for Charles as their occupations are given as soap-boilers. Expansion In 1885 Charles Upfold was rapidly expanding his industrial base, having purchased further land at Newcastle, this time from Peter Crebert, a wine merchant, whose daughter Elizabeth would later marry Charles's eldest son, John. Upfold's company called for tenders for the building of a new works costing £50,000, and the installation of machinery valued at a further £83,000, on a twenty two acres site at Port Waratah, close to the Ferndale Colliery at Tighe's Hill, whence cheap coal was expected. The soap making equipment was the 'newest American' but English manufacturers had supplied the candle making plant. These works were the largest in Australia. A journalist wrote in 1886: "A representative of this journal called at the Tighe's Hill Soap Works on Saturday last to see what progress was being made. There are four distinct departments: 1. The manufacture of soap – toilet, household and soft, 2. Stearine and parafine candles, 3. Refining glycerine, 4. Making all kinds of lubricating oils and machinery grease. The soap department is very nearly in full swing. Toilet soap was started last Saturday. Large quantities of candles are being turned out, which have to be pronounced up to the highest standard, imported or colonial. Preparations are in full swing for exhibiting the works in the fullest manner on the occasion of Lord & Lady Carrington's visit. At the Wickham works plant is being erected for the manufacture of blue, blacking and grocer's sundries. Altogether, this is one of the most gigantic undertakings of its kind in Australia." He eventually controlled the colony's largest soap industry – The Sydney Soap and Candle Company, in which John Ambrose Kitchen, who had a small factory at Melbourne, had a minority interest, was registered 25 July 1885. As the name implies, the registered office, along with a smaller factory at Botany, was at Sydney, the capital city of the colony, but the biggest works by far were at Tighes Hill, Newcastle. Probably their most famous product, one which stood the test of time, was Siren soap, which was later renamed Velvet. It was still being marketed in N.S.W., by Unilever in the latter part of the 20th century. Many argued that it was superior to Lever Bros famous Sunlight soap. In the 1888 Official Post Office Directory for New South Wales, Newcastle District, (p. 424), there appears "Upfold, Charles, soap factory". On 6 April 1895 the Newcastle Morning Herald carried a large article entitled "Departure of Mr Charles Upfold – Citizen's Send-off". Charles was about to depart for England, Europe and America, and a large function was given in his honour at the Centennial Hotel in Newcastle, with an impressive guest list of local worthies. He returned from that overseas trip at the end of September and another large article describing his tour appeared in the same newspaper on 3 October 1895. In 1895 the Port Waratah works employed over 500 people. In 1898 his son, Robert Wallace Upfold, now manager of the soap & candle factory, was married to Clara, daughter of John Scholey, (a local landowner and colliery proprietor from Leeds; described in the 1901 Federal Directory as a "gentleman"). Charles Upfold, the father, is described on the certificate as "Managing Director – Soap Works". Robert had a residence in Woodstock Street, North Waratah, and the 1901 Federal Directory of Newcastle & District records him as a "manufacturer". On 21 October 1899, Charles Upfold was mentioned as being on the committee of the Newcastle Chamber of Commerce. The late professor John Turner wrote: "the modern technology and large scale of the Sydney Soap and Candle Company made it the outstanding industrial establishment of its kind. Upfold had wide experience of colonial conditions and constructed his Port Waratah works on recent British and American lines, in a location which gave unequalled access to tallow and coal." He appears to have taken an additional interest in mining. In 1897 he was part of a syndicate which was proposing to purchase a gold mine at Barraba, New South Wales. In 1904 he was also a Director (along with his friend John Scholey) of Aberdare Collieries Co.Ltd., and the Chairman of the board of management for its railways. On 2 September 1899 he left Sydney on board the Oceanic Steamship Company's RMS Alameda for Samoa to arrange for purchases of shipments of copra. Civic, family, and death In 1871 Charles Upfold was an Alderman on the Wickham Municipal Council, Newcastle. and he was still there in 1878 when he held Tighe's Hill Ward. However the following year he resigned. In 1884 through to 1896, he was an elected Alderman on Waratah Municipal Council, near Newcastle. On 9 September 1887 he was made a magistrate and frequently sat upon the bench. Upfold was listed as vice-president of the New Year's Day "Newcastle Regatta" in 1893 and 1900. In March 1893 Upfold and his eldest son Robert contracted serious food poisoning after eating tinned meat on a picnic. They were reported as being in a "very bad way" in Newcastle Hospital. In 1899 he is mentioned as a vice-president of the Newcastle Agricultural, Horticultural, and Industrial Association (Patron, Lord Beauchamp), more commonly known as the Newcastle Show Society, when it was negotiating with the Australian Agricultural Company for land for a showground. On 26 February 1900 Upfold laid the Foundation Stone of the Tighe's Hill School of Arts, Newcastle. The stone remains in situ today. He was involved in the Victoria Theatre Company which erected, in 1890, Newcastle's first theatre of an international standard. For many years he was also a member of the committee of the Newcastle Jockey Club. Charles Upfold built a large mansion on a piece of land in Crebert Street, North Waratah (now Mayfield), given to him by his friend John Scholey. It was later sold to the famous biscuit manufacturer William Arnott who sold it in 1898 to Isaac Winn, owner of the big Newcastle department store. It is today a home for the aged, owned by the Methodist Church. Charles Upfold subsequently purchased a small estate, 'Orange Grove', near Raymond Terrace, containing extensive orchards, vineyards, and a dairy farm, where he built another fine country residence. He subsequently retired and moved to Chatswood, Sydney, where he died. Upfold and his wife, Sarah Ann Temperance (née Blundell) (b. 1843, Finchley Common, – d.1921, Cronulla, Sydney) had ten children: four sons and six daughters. Following his death the Upfold shares were bought by Lever Bros who were busy acquiring the paid up capital of Kitchen & Co., of Melbourne, Victoria, who had merged during The Great War with the Sydney Soap & Candle Co. John H. Kitchen, Managing Director of the Sydney Soap & Candle Company, testified in an Inquiry in Sydney on Friday 7 December 1917 that in 1914 Lever Brothers in England had acquired one-fifth of the company shares. This new amalgamated firm later became Lever & Kitchen. Eventually, Levers gained full control & dropped the 'Kitchen' altogether. With the decline in candle-making, the Sino-Japanese war (much of Charles Upfold's exports went to China – he had warehouses in Canton and his son Robert spoke Cantonese), coupled with the now ageing plant, the Newcastle factory was closed down just before World War II, a great blow to the city. A new factory for the Australian Wire Rope Works was built upon its site. A very long street in the suburb of Mayfield is named Upfold Street after the great man himself. Upfold was buried in the Congregational section of the Gore Hill Cemetery, Sydney, his funeral service was conducted by a Church of England minister, Rev. Alfred G.Perkins. There were numerous notices and obituaries in the newspapers following his death. References Historical Records of Newcastle 1797–1897, published at Newcastle, N.S.W., in 1897, pps: 19,68,71, and adverts. The Federal Directory of Newcastle and District, Newcastle, 1901 (reprinted 1981, ) Lever Business in Australasia, 1889–1930 (no date) p. 20. The Story of John Knight Ltd in the Lever Brothers magazine Progress, Spring 1932, pp. 60/65. Charles Upfold and the Sydney Soap and Candle Factory by W. J. Goold, in the Monthly Journal of the Newcastle & Hunter District Historical Society; Vol. III, part VII, April 1949. "The Story of John Ambrose Kitchen" in the Unilever Australia Reporter, September 1956, pp. 20/23. The History of Unilever, by Charles Wilson, London: Cassell, 1970, pp. 15–17, 123–124, 197–198. Manufacturing in Newcastle 1801–1900 by John W. Turner, Newcastle, 1980, pp. 50–51,55–57, 66–68, 95–96. 1834 births 1919 deaths History of Newcastle, New South Wales Port Stephens Council English expatriates in Australia British chief executives People from Walworth 19th-century English businesspeople

<mask> (15 December 1834 – 14 March 1919), Justice of the Peace (9 September 1887), was an English soap manufacturer of great prominence in Australia. He was also a Director of Aberdare Collieries Co. Ltd., and the Chairman of the board of management for its railways. Family & background <mask> was born in Grove Street, Walworth Common, (both now gone), Surrey (today Walworth, London), then a prosperous middle-class district. His father, <mask>, was a fellmonger. <mask> was baptised in Sir John Soane's new St.Peter's Church of England at Walworth, on 7 January 1835. An excellent photograph of this splendid church can be found on page 206 of London's Churches by Christopher Hibbert. <mask> served his apprenticeship as a soap maker with John Knight & Co. at their Wapping soapworks in London, just across the river from the parishes where <mask>'s father resided and worked.Knight's Castile soap is still sold today. His sister, Eliza, married James Knight. <mask> was later a Director of Knights. <mask> appears on the UK 1851 Census Return, with his parents and married sister Eliza Knight at 11 Brandon Street, parish of St.Mary Newington, London, (then in Surrey), where he is described as a "soap maker". Business in New South Wales In 1860 he was already engaged in business in New South Wales and upon his marriage at West Maitland, New South Wales in 1864 (to Sarah, née Blundell, from Finchley), he was described as a "soap maker". When his first son, John, was born in 1865 at Morpeth, New South Wales, <mask> was described as a soap-boiler, aged 27 years and born at Walworth, London, England. When his son Robert was born in 1869, <mask> was described as a "soap manufacturer".That year <mask> purchased the soap and candle factory of Frederick Nainby at Wickham and Honeysuckle Point, Newcastle, and in the Newcastle Chronicle of 16 May 1869 there is a reference to the "Great Northern Soap and Candle Works, proprietor, <mask>." By the following year Upfolds plants were producing 9,420 hundredweight of soap and 600 cwt of candles. By 1872 soap production had increased to 21,000 cwt. Most was exported, much to China. That year <mask> expanded his Australian trading links by establishing a Sydney office at 50 Clarence Street. In 1877 <mask> had been back in London and visiting factories in England. The following year he is listed under Wickham, in Newcastle, "<mask> Upfold, soap manufacturer".Also in Wickham were <mask>'s three brothers-in-law, Albert, James, and John Blundell, who came from Finchley, Middlesex, (north London), and were clearly all working for <mask> as their occupations are given as soap-boilers. Expansion In 1885 <mask> was rapidly expanding his industrial base, having purchased further land at Newcastle, this time from Peter Crebert, a wine merchant, whose daughter Elizabeth would later marry <mask>'s eldest son, John. Upfold's company called for tenders for the building of a new works costing £50,000, and the installation of machinery valued at a further £83,000, on a twenty two acres site at Port Waratah, close to the Ferndale Colliery at Tighe's Hill, whence cheap coal was expected. The soap making equipment was the 'newest American' but English manufacturers had supplied the candle making plant. These works were the largest in Australia. A journalist wrote in 1886: "A representative of this journal called at the Tighe's Hill Soap Works on Saturday last to see what progress was being made. There are four distinct departments: 1.The manufacture of soap – toilet, household and soft, 2. Stearine and parafine candles, 3. Refining glycerine, 4. Making all kinds of lubricating oils and machinery grease. The soap department is very nearly in full swing. Toilet soap was started last Saturday. Large quantities of candles are being turned out, which have to be pronounced up to the highest standard, imported or colonial.Preparations are in full swing for exhibiting the works in the fullest manner on the occasion of Lord & Lady Carrington's visit. At the Wickham works plant is being erected for the manufacture of blue, blacking and grocer's sundries. Altogether, this is one of the most gigantic undertakings of its kind in Australia." He eventually controlled the colony's largest soap industry – The Sydney Soap and Candle Company, in which John Ambrose Kitchen, who had a small factory at Melbourne, had a minority interest, was registered 25 July 1885. As the name implies, the registered office, along with a smaller factory at Botany, was at Sydney, the capital city of the colony, but the biggest works by far were at Tighes Hill, Newcastle. Probably their most famous product, one which stood the test of time, was Siren soap, which was later renamed Velvet. It was still being marketed in N.S.W., by Unilever in the latter part of the 20th century.Many argued that it was superior to Lever Bros famous Sunlight soap. In the 1888 Official Post Office Directory for New South Wales, Newcastle District, (p. 424), there appears "Upfold, <mask>, soap factory". On 6 April 1895 the Newcastle Morning Herald carried a large article entitled "Departure of Mr <mask> – Citizen's Send-off". <mask> was about to depart for England, Europe and America, and a large function was given in his honour at the Centennial Hotel in Newcastle, with an impressive guest list of local worthies. He returned from that overseas trip at the end of September and another large article describing his tour appeared in the same newspaper on 3 October 1895. In 1895 the Port Waratah works employed over 500 people. In 1898 his son, Robert Wallace <mask>, now manager of the soap & candle factory, was married to Clara, daughter of John Scholey, (a local landowner and colliery proprietor from Leeds; described in the 1901 Federal Directory as a "gentleman").<mask>, the father, is described on the certificate as "Managing Director – Soap Works". Robert had a residence in Woodstock Street, North Waratah, and the 1901 Federal Directory of Newcastle & District records him as a "manufacturer". On 21 October 1899, <mask> was mentioned as being on the committee of the Newcastle Chamber of Commerce. The late professor John Turner wrote: "the modern technology and large scale of the Sydney Soap and Candle Company made it the outstanding industrial establishment of its kind. <mask> had wide experience of colonial conditions and constructed his Port Waratah works on recent British and American lines, in a location which gave unequalled access to tallow and coal." He appears to have taken an additional interest in mining. In 1897 he was part of a syndicate which was proposing to purchase a gold mine at Barraba, New South Wales.In 1904 he was also a Director (along with his friend John Scholey) of Aberdare Collieries Co.Ltd., and the Chairman of the board of management for its railways. On 2 September 1899 he left Sydney on board the Oceanic Steamship Company's RMS Alameda for Samoa to arrange for purchases of shipments of copra. Civic, family, and death In 1871 <mask> was an Alderman on the Wickham Municipal Council, Newcastle. and he was still there in 1878 when he held Tighe's Hill Ward. However the following year he resigned. In 1884 through to 1896, he was an elected Alderman on Waratah Municipal Council, near Newcastle. On 9 September 1887 he was made a magistrate and frequently sat upon the bench.<mask> was listed as vice-president of the New Year's Day "Newcastle Regatta" in 1893 and 1900. In March 1893 <mask> and his eldest son Robert contracted serious food poisoning after eating tinned meat on a picnic. They were reported as being in a "very bad way" in Newcastle Hospital. In 1899 he is mentioned as a vice-president of the Newcastle Agricultural, Horticultural, and Industrial Association (Patron, Lord Beauchamp), more commonly known as the Newcastle Show Society, when it was negotiating with the Australian Agricultural Company for land for a showground. On 26 February 1900 <mask> laid the Foundation Stone of the Tighe's Hill School of Arts, Newcastle. The stone remains in situ today. He was involved in the Victoria Theatre Company which erected, in 1890, Newcastle's first theatre of an international standard.For many years he was also a member of the committee of the Newcastle Jockey Club. <mask> built a large mansion on a piece of land in Crebert Street, North Waratah (now Mayfield), given to him by his friend John Scholey. It was later sold to the famous biscuit manufacturer William Arnott who sold it in 1898 to Isaac Winn, owner of the big Newcastle department store. It is today a home for the aged, owned by the Methodist Church. <mask> subsequently purchased a small estate, 'Orange Grove', near Raymond Terrace, containing extensive orchards, vineyards, and a dairy farm, where he built another fine country residence. He subsequently retired and moved to Chatswood, Sydney, where he died. <mask> and his wife, Sarah Ann Temperance (née Blundell) (b.1843, Finchley Common, – d.1921, Cronulla, Sydney) had ten children: four sons and six daughters. Following his death the Upfold shares were bought by Lever Bros who were busy acquiring the paid up capital of Kitchen & Co., of Melbourne, Victoria, who had merged during The Great War with the Sydney Soap & Candle Co. John H. Kitchen, Managing Director of the Sydney Soap & Candle Company, testified in an Inquiry in Sydney on Friday 7 December 1917 that in 1914 Lever Brothers in England had acquired one-fifth of the company shares. This new amalgamated firm later became Lever & Kitchen. Eventually, Levers gained full control & dropped the 'Kitchen' altogether. With the decline in candle-making, the Sino-Japanese war (much of <mask>fold's exports went to China – he had warehouses in Canton and his son Robert spoke Cantonese), coupled with the now ageing plant, the Newcastle factory was closed down just before World War II, a great blow to the city. A new factory for the Australian Wire Rope Works was built upon its site. A very long street in the suburb of Mayfield is named Upfold Street after the great man himself.<mask> was buried in the Congregational section of the Gore Hill Cemetery, Sydney, his funeral service was conducted by a Church of England minister, Rev. Alfred G.Perkins. There were numerous notices and obituaries in the newspapers following his death. References Historical Records of Newcastle 1797–1897, published at Newcastle, N.S.W., in 1897, pps: 19,68,71, and adverts. The Federal Directory of Newcastle and District, Newcastle, 1901 (reprinted 1981, ) Lever Business in Australasia, 1889–1930 (no date) p. 20. The Story of John Knight Ltd in the Lever Brothers magazine Progress, Spring 1932, pp. 60/65.<mask> and the Sydney Soap and Candle Factory by W. J. Goold, in the Monthly Journal of the Newcastle & Hunter District Historical Society; Vol. III, part VII, April 1949. "The Story of John Ambrose Kitchen" in the Unilever Australia Reporter, September 1956, pp. 20/23. The History of Unilever, by <mask>, London: Cassell, 1970, pp. 15–17, 123–124, 197–198. Manufacturing in Newcastle 1801–1900 by John W. Turner, Newcastle, 1980, pp.50–51,55–57, 66–68, 95–96. 1834 births 1919 deaths History of Newcastle, New South Wales Port Stephens Council English expatriates in Australia British chief executives People from Walworth 19th-century English businesspeople

<mask> was an English soap manufacturer of great prominence in Australia. He was the Chairman of the board of management for the railways. A prosperous middle-class district was where <mask> was born. <mask> was a fellmonger. On January 7, 1835, <mask> was christened in the new St. Peter's Church of England at Walworth. The photograph of this church can be found on page 206 of London's Churches. John Knight & Co.'s Wapping soapworks is across the river from the parishes where <mask>'s father lived and worked.Knight's soap is still in stock. James Knight was married to his sister. The Director of Knights was <mask>. <mask> is described as a "soap maker" on the UK 1851 Census Return, with his parents and sister at 11 Brandon Street, parish of St. Mary Newington, London. He was already engaged in business in New South Wales when he married Sarah, who was from Finchley, in New South Wales in 1864. <mask> was 27 years old when his first son, John, was born at Morpeth, New South Wales. <mask> was described as a soap manufacturer when Robert was born.There is a reference to the proprietor of the Great Northern Soap and Candle Works in the Chronicle of 16 May 1869. Upfolds plants produced 9,420 hundredweight of soap and 600 cwt of candles by the following year. By 1872 soap production had doubled. Most was exported to China. Upfold opened an office in Australia at 50 Clarence Street. <mask> visited factories in England in the 19th century. He is listed under "<mask>, soap manufacturer" in the following year.<mask>'s three brothers-in-law, Albert, James, and John, all came from north London and worked for him as soap-boilers. In 1885, <mask> bought more land from Peter Crebert, a wine merchant whose daughter Elizabeth would marry <mask>'s eldest son, John. Upfold's company called for tenders for the building of a new works costing £50,000, and the installation of machinery valued at a further £83,000, on a twenty two acres site at Port Waratah, close to the Ferndale Colliery at Tighe's Hill. English manufacturers supplied the candle making plant that was used in the soap making equipment. The works were large in Australia. The Tighe's Hill Soap Works was visited by a representative of the journal on Saturday last. There are four different departments.The manufacture of soap includes toilet, household and soft. There are 3 candles. There is refining glycerine. Grease and lubricating oils are made. The soap department is almost done. The soap was started last Saturday. Large quantities of candles have to be pronounced up to the highest standard, imported or colonial.The works will be displayed in the fullest manner on the occasion of Lord & Lady Carrington's visit. The plant is being built to make blue, blacking and grocer's sundries. This is one of the largest undertakings of its kind in Australia. John Ambrose Kitchen, who had a small factory at Melbourne, had a minority interest in the largest soap company in the colony. The registered office, along with a smaller factory at Botany, were in the capital city of the colony, but the biggest works were at Tighes Hill. One product that stood the test of time was Siren soap, which was later renamed Velvet. In the last part of the 20th century, it was still being marketed in N.S.W.Many people thought that it was better than Sunlight soap. "<mask>, <mask>, soap factory" appears in the Official Post Office Directory for New South Wales. "Departure of Mr <mask> - Citizen's Send-off" was a large article that was carried on 6 April 1895. <mask> was about to leave for England, Europe and America, and a large function was held in his honor at the Centennial Hotel, with an impressive guest list of local worthies. He returned from his overseas trip at the end of September and another large article about his tour appeared in the same newspaper on October 3, 1895. Over 500 people were employed at the Port Waratah in 1895. In 1898 his son, Robert Wallace <mask>, now manager of the soap & candle factory, was married to Clara, daughter of John Scholey, described in the 1901 Federal Directory as a "gentleman".The certificate states that <mask> is the Managing Director of Soap Works. The 1901 Federal Directory ofNewcastle & District records Robert as a "manufacturer". <mask> was mentioned as a member of the committee of the Chamber of Commerce. The large scale of the Sydney Soap and Candle Company made it an outstanding industrial establishment according to the late professor John Turner. <mask> built his Port Waratah works on recent British and American lines in a location which gave him access to tallow and coal. He seems to have an interest in mining. He was part of a syndicate that wanted to purchase a gold mine in New South Wales.He was a Director and Chairman of the board of management for the railways in 1904. On September 2, 1899, he left Sydney on a steamship to arrange for the purchase of shipments of copra. <mask> was a member of the Wickham Municipal Council. He held Tighe's Hill Ward when he was still there. He resigned the following year. He was a member of the Waratah Municipal Council from 1884 to 1896. He sat on the bench frequently when he was a magistrate.In 1893 and 1900, <mask> was listed as a vice-president. <mask> and his son Robert contracted food poisoning after eating food on a picnic. They were in a very bad way in the hospital. He was mentioned as a vice-president of the Newcastle Agricultural, Horticultural, and Industrial Association in 1899, when it was negotiating with the Australian Agricultural Company for land for a showground. The Foundation Stone of the Tighe's Hill School of Arts was laid by <mask>. The stone is still in place. The first theatre of an international standard was built in 1890 by the Victoria Theatre Company.He was a member of the committee for many years. John Scholey gave a mansion to <mask> on a piece of land in North Waratah. William Arnott, the famous biscuit manufacturer, sold it to the owner of the big Newcastle department store in 1898. The Methodist Church owns it as a home for the aged. A fine country residence was built by <mask> after he purchased a small estate near Raymond Terrace containing extensive orchards, vineyards, and a dairy farm. He died in Australia after retiring and moving to Chatswood. <mask> and his wife.There were ten children, four sons and six daughters. The paid up capital of Kitchen & Co., of Melbourne, Victoria, was acquired by the Lever Bros after his death. The new firm became Lever & Kitchen. The 'Kitchen' was dropped as Levers gained full control. <mask> had warehouses in Canton and his son Robert spoke Cantonese, but his factory was closed before World War II because of the decline in candle-making. The Australian Wire Rope Works had a new factory built on their site. Upfold Street in the suburb of Mayfield is named after the great man himself.The Church of England minister conducted the funeral service for <mask> at the Gore Hill Cemetery. The man is Alfred G.Perkins. There were many notices and obituaries in the newspapers after his death. The Historical Records of Newcastle were published in 1897. The Federal Directory of Newcastle and District was published in 1901. The story of John Knight was published in the spring of 1932. 60/65.W. J. Goold wrote <mask> and the Sydney Soap and Candle Factory. Part VII, April 1949. The story of John Ambrose Kitchen was published in the Australia Reporter. 20/23. The History of Unilever was written by <mask>. 15–17, 123–124. John W. Turner wrote about manufacturing inNewcastle in 1980.50–51,55–57, 66–68, 95– 96. There were births and deaths of English expatriates in Australia in the 19th century.

51087266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anetta%20Kahane

Anetta Kahane

Anetta Kahane (born 1954 in East Berlin) is a German left-wing journalist, author and activist against antisemitism, racism and right-wing extremism. From 1974 to 1982 she was an unofficial collaborator for the East German Stasi secret police. In 1998 she founded the Amadeu Antonio Foundation, which she has led since 2003. She has been a target of right wing hate campaigns since 2002 and of possible terror plans since 2015, which are investigated by the German General prosecutor. Family background and youth Kahane's parents Max Kahane and Doris Kahane (born Machol) were secular Jews who fled from Nazi Germany in 1933. Max Kahane fought in the Spanish Civil War against General Francisco Franco and later in the French Resistance against the Nazis. In a prison camp of the Vichy Regime he met Doris Machol, who was also active in the Resistance. They married in 1945, moved to East Berlin, and became loyal citizens of the German Democratic Republic and members of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. Kahane is the youngest of three children. Following Max Kahane's jobs as a journalist for the East German news agency and state media, the family lived in New Delhi (India) from 1957 to 1960, in Rio de Janeiro in 1963. Like other Holocaust survivors her parents did not speak about their experience of persecution, but their psychological traumas influenced Kahane. In school Kahane was open about her Judaism, against her parents' will. Student and Stasi informer Beginning in 1974 Kahane studied Latin American studies in Rostock. That year the Stasi questioned her about the defection of her best friend. She agreed to work for the Stasi as an unofficial collaborator. She met a Stasi officer six times a year on average, and reported her observations about West German tourists and other foreigners. At first the Stasi noted that she incriminated friends and fellow students, but soon they noted her to be unreliable and hard to manage. She once reported on the artists Thomas Brasch and Klaus Brasch, whom the Stasi had categorized as "enemies of the GDR", and confirmed that judgement without specifics. From 1979 she continued her studies at Humboldt University of Berlin and taught the Portuguese language. In 1979 and 1981 she worked as a translator for GDR engineering projects in São Tomé and Príncipe and Mozambique, where she observed East German officials behaving in a racist and condescending manner towards black Africans. In 1982 she refused to continue as a Stasi informant, and as a result she lost the freedom to travel outside the GDR, her position at the university, and most of her translation work. From 1983 to at least 1988 the Stasi had her under surveillance. In 1986 she applied to leave the GDR. In 1990, when the GDR had dissolved, she admitted to her friends that she had been a Stasi informant, but decided not to publicize it. In 2002, Kahane's past as a former Stasi informant became known. In 2004, in her autobiography, she wrote in detail about this part of her past and admitted to being very ashamed of it. In 2012 the political scientist Helmut Müller-Enbergs examined the Stasi documents about her case on her behalf. He found no indications that her reports caused any damage to observed persons, but he did not exclude disadvantages her reports might have caused in general. He also found that she received no awards or other advantages. This conclusion has faced criticism, however, as it leaves out her incrimination of dozens of people from her immediate environment, most notably that of Klaus Brasch and Thomas Brasch. Activism From 1988 Kahane was active in the civil rights movement of the GDR opposition, and supported foreigners and minorities. She participated in the East German Round Table. In 1990 she was appointed to be the first and last official for foreigners of the East Berlin Senate. After witnessing street violence and attacks on Sinti, Romani people, Africans and Vietnamese, she engaged constantly against daily racism. She pressured the city leadership to transform former military barracks into housing for eastern European migrants and refugees. Since 1989 Kahane has initiated many associations for issues of foreigners, and became a respected expert on this topic. Responding to increased racist violence in the former East Germany, in 1998 Kahane initiated the Amadeu Antonio Foundation as an organised effort to combat xenophobia, antisemitism and right-wing extremism. In 2012 she was awarded the Moses Mendelssohn prize for her work, donated by the Senate of Berlin. In July 2015, she openly supported the suggestion of the Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg Winfried Kretschmann to send more refugees to the New states of Germany because, according to her, the number of people of color is too low there. In December 2015, she followed an invitation of the German Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection to take part in a task force against hate speech on social media. Kahane is a regular columnist for Berliner Zeitung and Frankfurter Rundschau. Threats During investigations on the network of the suspected right-wing terrorist and Bundeswehr soldier Franco Albrecht it became known that he may have planned to kill Kahane. According to Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland (RND), investigators found a list of possible targets in an appointment folder of the soldier, Kahane among them. They also found notes of a planned travel route: Franco Albrecht wanted to drive with his motorcycle from his hometown Offenbach am Main to Berlin. An accomplice should have brought him a shotgun. Albrecht also had photographs of cars belonging to members of the Berlin bureau of the Amadeu Antonio Stiftung and was witnessed practicing with a sniper rifle. Prosecutors interpreted these hints as a plan to kill Anetta Kahane. Publications Ich durfte, die anderen mussten. In: Vincent von Wroblewsky (ed): Zwischen Thora und Trabant: Juden in der DDR. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1993, , p. 124–144 (German) Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst: meine deutschen Geschichten. Rowohlt, Berlin 2004, (German) Awards 1991: Theodor-Heuss-Medallie 2002: Moses-Mendelssohn-Preis of Berlin References German journalists Jewish German writers Jewish anti-racism activists People of the Stasi People from East Berlin 20th-century German Jews 1954 births Living people

<mask> (born 1954 in East Berlin) is a German left-wing journalist, author and activist against antisemitism, racism and right-wing extremism. From 1974 to 1982 she was an unofficial collaborator for the East German Stasi secret police. In 1998 she founded the Amadeu Antonio Foundation, which she has led since 2003. She has been a target of right wing hate campaigns since 2002 and of possible terror plans since 2015, which are investigated by the German General prosecutor. Family background and youth <mask>'s parents <mask> and <mask> (born Machol) were secular Jews who fled from Nazi Germany in 1933. <mask> fought in the Spanish Civil War against General Francisco Franco and later in the French Resistance against the Nazis. In a prison camp of the Vichy Regime he met Doris Machol, who was also active in the Resistance.They married in 1945, moved to East Berlin, and became loyal citizens of the German Democratic Republic and members of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. Kahane is the youngest of three children. Following <mask>'s jobs as a journalist for the East German news agency and state media, the family lived in New Delhi (India) from 1957 to 1960, in Rio de Janeiro in 1963. Like other Holocaust survivors her parents did not speak about their experience of persecution, but their psychological traumas influenced Kahane. In school <mask> was open about her Judaism, against her parents' will. Student and Stasi informer Beginning in 1974 <mask> studied Latin American studies in Rostock. That year the Stasi questioned her about the defection of her best friend.She agreed to work for the Stasi as an unofficial collaborator. She met a Stasi officer six times a year on average, and reported her observations about West German tourists and other foreigners. At first the Stasi noted that she incriminated friends and fellow students, but soon they noted her to be unreliable and hard to manage. She once reported on the artists Thomas Brasch and Klaus Brasch, whom the Stasi had categorized as "enemies of the GDR", and confirmed that judgement without specifics. From 1979 she continued her studies at Humboldt University of Berlin and taught the Portuguese language. In 1979 and 1981 she worked as a translator for GDR engineering projects in São Tomé and Príncipe and Mozambique, where she observed East German officials behaving in a racist and condescending manner towards black Africans. In 1982 she refused to continue as a Stasi informant, and as a result she lost the freedom to travel outside the GDR, her position at the university, and most of her translation work.From 1983 to at least 1988 the Stasi had her under surveillance. In 1986 she applied to leave the GDR. In 1990, when the GDR had dissolved, she admitted to her friends that she had been a Stasi informant, but decided not to publicize it. In 2002, <mask>'s past as a former Stasi informant became known. In 2004, in her autobiography, she wrote in detail about this part of her past and admitted to being very ashamed of it. In 2012 the political scientist Helmut Müller-Enbergs examined the Stasi documents about her case on her behalf. He found no indications that her reports caused any damage to observed persons, but he did not exclude disadvantages her reports might have caused in general.He also found that she received no awards or other advantages. This conclusion has faced criticism, however, as it leaves out her incrimination of dozens of people from her immediate environment, most notably that of Klaus Brasch and Thomas Brasch. Activism From 1988 Kahane was active in the civil rights movement of the GDR opposition, and supported foreigners and minorities. She participated in the East German Round Table. In 1990 she was appointed to be the first and last official for foreigners of the East Berlin Senate. After witnessing street violence and attacks on Sinti, Romani people, Africans and Vietnamese, she engaged constantly against daily racism. She pressured the city leadership to transform former military barracks into housing for eastern European migrants and refugees.Since 1989 <mask> has initiated many associations for issues of foreigners, and became a respected expert on this topic. Responding to increased racist violence in the former East Germany, in 1998 <mask> initiated the Amadeu Antonio Foundation as an organised effort to combat xenophobia, antisemitism and right-wing extremism. In 2012 she was awarded the Moses Mendelssohn prize for her work, donated by the Senate of Berlin. In July 2015, she openly supported the suggestion of the Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg Winfried Kretschmann to send more refugees to the New states of Germany because, according to her, the number of people of color is too low there. In December 2015, she followed an invitation of the German Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection to take part in a task force against hate speech on social media. <mask> is a regular columnist for Berliner Zeitung and Frankfurter Rundschau. Threats During investigations on the network of the suspected right-wing terrorist and Bundeswehr soldier Franco Albrecht it became known that he may have planned to kill Kahane.According to Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland (RND), investigators found a list of possible targets in an appointment folder of the soldier, <mask> among them. They also found notes of a planned travel route: Franco Albrecht wanted to drive with his motorcycle from his hometown Offenbach am Main to Berlin. An accomplice should have brought him a shotgun. Albrecht also had photographs of cars belonging to members of the Berlin bureau of the Amadeu Antonio Stiftung and was witnessed practicing with a sniper rifle. Prosecutors interpreted these hints as a plan to kill <mask> <mask>. Publications Ich durfte, die anderen mussten. In: Vincent von Wroblewsky (ed): Zwischen Thora und Trabant: Juden in der DDR.Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1993, , p. 124–144 (German) Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst: meine deutschen Geschichten. Rowohlt, Berlin 2004, (German) Awards 1991: Theodor-Heuss-Medallie 2002: Moses-Mendelssohn-Preis of Berlin References German journalists Jewish German writers Jewish anti-racism activists People of the Stasi People from East Berlin 20th-century German Jews 1954 births Living people

<mask> was born in East Berlin and is a German left-wing journalist, author and activist. She collaborated with the East German Stasi secret police from 1974 to 1982. She founded the Amadeu Antonio Foundation in 1998. She has been the target of right wing hate campaigns since 2002 and is being investigated by the German General prosecutor for possible terror plans. Max and <mask> were secular Jews who fled from Nazi Germany in 1933. The Spanish Civil War was fought against General Francisco Franco while the French Resistance was against the Nazis. He met one of the Resistance members in a prison camp.They married in 1945, moved to East Berlin and became members of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. <mask> is the youngest of three siblings. From 1957 to 1960, the family lived in New Delhi, India, after <mask>'s work as a journalist for the East German news agency and state media. Her parents did not speak about their experience of persecution, but their psychological traumas did. She was open about her religion in school. Student and Stasi informer began studying Latin American studies in 1974. She was questioned by the Stasi about the defection of her best friend.She agreed to work for the Stasi. She reported her observations about West German tourists and other foreigners when she met a Stasi officer. When she incriminated her friends, the Stasi noted that she was unreliable and hard to manage. She confirmed that the artists Thomas Brasch and Klaus Brasch were "enemies of the GDR" when she reported on them. She taught the Portuguese language at the University of Berlin from 1979 to 1979. She observed East German officials acting in a racist and condescending manner towards black Africans while working as a translator for GDR engineering projects in So Tomé and Prncipe. She lost her freedom to travel outside the GDR, her position at the university, and most of her translation work because she refused to continue as a Stasi spy in 1982.The Stasi had her under observation. She applied to leave the GDR in 1986. When the GDR dissolved, she admitted to her friends that she had been a Stasi confidential source. The past of a former Stasi Informant became known in 2002. She admitted in her autobiography that she was very ashamed of this part of her past. The political scientist examined the Stasi documents on her behalf. He did not exclude the disadvantages her reports might have caused in general.She did not receive any awards or other advantages. The conclusion leaves out her incrimination of dozens of people from her immediate environment, most notably that of Klaus Brasch and Thomas Brasch. The civil rights movement of the GDR opposition was supported by <mask>. She was at the East German Round Table. She was the first and last official for foreigners of the East Berlin Senate. She was constantly against racism after witnessing street violence and attacks on people. She wanted the former military barracks to be used as housing for eastern European migrants and refugees.Since 1989 <mask> has been an expert on the topic of foreigners. The Amadeu Antonio Foundation was started in 1998 in response to increased racist violence in the former East Germany. The Senate of Berlin donated the prize for her work. She supports the idea of sending more refugees to the New states of Germany because of the low number of people of color there. She was invited by the German Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection to take part in a task force against hate speech on social media. <mask> is a regular columnist. During investigations on the network of suspected right-wing terrorist and Bundeswehr soldier Franco Albrecht it became known that he may have planned to kill Kahane.According to Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland, investigators found a list of possible targets in an appointment folder of a soldier. Franco Albrecht wanted to drive his motorcycle from his hometown of Offenbach am Main to Berlin. He should have had a shotgun. There were photographs of cars belonging to members of the Berlin bureau of the Amadeu Antonio Stiftung. The hints were seen by prosecutors as a plan to kill <mask> <mask> von Wroblewsky.Ich sehe was, was du in Germany. Theodor-Heuss-Medallie was the winner of the German Awards in 1991.

5701975

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid%20Kent%20Hughes

Wilfrid Kent Hughes

Sir Wilfrid Selwyn "Bill" Kent Hughes (12 June 1895 – 31 July 1970) was an Australian army officer and politician who had a long career in both state and federal politics, most notably as a minister in the Menzies Government. He also had a longstanding involvement with the Olympic movement, as both an athlete and organiser. Kent Hughes was born in Melbourne to an upper middle-class family. He won a Rhodes Scholarship in 1914, but postponed his studies to join the Australian Imperial Force. He entered Christ Church, Oxford, in 1919, and combined his studies with his sporting career, representing Australia in hurdling at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Kent Hughes returned home in 1923 and began working at his father's publishing company. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1927, representing the Nationalist Party. He joined the new United Australia Party in 1931, and the following year was made a minister in the government of Stanley Argyle. He served as the party's deputy leader from 1935 to 1939. When the Second World War broke out, Kent Hughes re-enlisted in the army and took part in the Malayan campaign. He was captured by the Japanese at the Battle of Singapore, and spent the next three years as a prisoner-of-war in Singapore, Taiwan, and Manchuria. Kent Hughes retained his seat in parliament during that time, and joined the new Liberal Party upon his return to Australia in 1945. He became Deputy Premier of Victoria in 1948, but resigned the following year to contest the House of Representatives at the 1949 federal election. Robert Menzies added Kent Hughes to his cabinet in 1951, as Minister for the Interior and Minister for Works and Housing. Kent Hughes was Chairman of the Organising Committee for the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. His chairmanship was widely judged a success, and he left a lasting legacy by engineering the sale of television rights, an Olympic first. Despite his high profile, Menzies removed Kent Hughes from his ministry in early 1956. He spent the rest of his career as a backbencher, dying in office in 1970. Kent Hughes was famous for his stubbornness and abrasive personality, particularly the insults he directed at opponents. He was sympathetic towards fascism early in his career (generally overlooked due to his later status as a war hero), and later became an ardent anti-communist. Early life and family The second child of seven of English orthopaedic surgeon and publisher Wilfred Kent Hughes and his wife Clementina (née Rankin), Kent Hughes was born in East Melbourne and educated at Trinity Grammar and Melbourne Grammar. He was accepted at Christ Church, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar in 1914 (although he did not commence study at Oxford until 1919 due to his war service). The family name was Hughes, and young Wilfrid was usually called Bill or Billy. Later, to avoid confusion with fellow politician Billy Hughes, he adopted one of his middle names, Kent, as part of his surname. It is not known why he spelled his given name "Wilfrid" while his father's was "Wilfred." A number of Kent Hughes's relatives also gained national recognition in their chosen fields. Uncle Canon Ernest Hughes was an influential member of the Anglican Church of Australia and a leading Australian rules footballer with St Kilda and Essendon and uncle Frederic Hughes was a Brigadier-General, mayor of St Kilda and Aide-de-camp to the Governor-General, the Earl of Dudley. Aunt Eva Hughes OBE founded the Australian Women's National League, the then largest body of organised women in the country, while his sisters Dr Ellen Kent Hughes MBE was a leading paediatrician and community activist and Gwendoline Kent Lloyd, who Wilfrid referred to as "the family Communist", was a renowned proponent of Indigenous rights. First World War Kent Hughes enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force as a private on 8 August 1914. He served in the 3rd Light Horse Brigade at Gallipoli, where he was wounded, then Sinai, Palestine and Syria. Kent Hughes, who reached the rank of major, was mentioned in despatches four times, received the Military Cross in 1917 for his "marked ability and energy in the performance of his duties", and appointed Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General of the Australian Mounted Division. Upon his return to Australia in 1918 he published a volume of memoirs, Modern Crusaders, about his exploits in the Light Horse Brigade. University and 1920 Olympics At war's end, Kent Hughes entered Christ Church, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, gaining a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Modern History. He also captained the Oxford ski team and showed a proficiency for athletics, such that Kent Hughes was chosen to represent Australia in the 110 and 400-metre hurdles at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He finished fourth in his heat of the 110-metre hurdles and failed to progress but won his 400-metre heat before finishing fifth in the semi final. Kent Hughes did not return to England empty handed, as he later admitted to souveniring an official Olympic flag from the Olympic stadium. In 1921, Kent Hughes was part of the Oxford Ski Team visit to Europe, during which he became the first Australian to ski competitively overseas. Following his graduation from Oxford, he married Edith Kerr, a wealthy American heiress to a thread manufacturing empire, on 3 February 1923 in Montclair, New Jersey. He subsequently returned to Melbourne to work as a director in his father's publishing company Ramsay Publishing Pty Ltd while sizing up a career in politics. State politics In 1926, Kent Hughes unsuccessfully sought Nationalist Party of Australia preselection for the newly created seat of Kew in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. He won the seat as an Independent candidate at the 1927 election, after which he joined the Nationalists. Kent Hughes soon found himself opposed to the conservative establishment, and what he considered the mediocrity of Victorian politics. He openly referred to a number of his fellow Nationalists as "boneheads" and opposition Labor Party members as "uncouth, semi-educated ill-mannered narrow-minded boors". Kent Hughes, along with his close friend and ally Robert Menzies, founded the Young Nationalists Organisation in 1929, which became an influential force in conservative politics in Victoria. When the Nationalists came into power in Victoria in December 1928, Kent Hughes was appointed Cabinet Secretary and Government Whip but resigned his positions in July 1929, ostensibly in protest over a government subsidy to a freezing works company, but more likely in reaction to the ongoing bone headedness of his fellow parliamentarians. Following the formation of the United Australia Party (UAP) in place of the Nationalists in 1931, Kent Hughes served in several portfolios, including Railways, Labour, Transport and Sustenance. It was as Minister for Sustenance, a portfolio designed to deal with the poverty of the Great Depression, that he became known as the "Minister for Starvation". Kent Hughes drafted legislation that became the Unemployment Relief (Administration) Bill which, when enacted in January 1933, forced the unemployed to work for the dole, and denied any form of financial assistance to women. Kent Hughes's bill has been described as the harshest piece of legislation in Australia directed towards the unemployed during the Depression. In January 1933, Kent Hughes became embroiled in cricket's Bodyline affair. A friend of English captain Douglas Jardine from their Oxford days, Kent Hughes publicly defended Jardine's tactics of sustained short-pitched bowling against the Australian batsmen, arguing that Australia used similar tactics against England during the 1921 Ashes tour. He also criticised the protests about Jardine by Australian cricket's governing body, the Australian Cricket Board of Control, stating they were "boorish, bitter (and) insulting". While he was attacking the Cricket Board of Control, Kent Hughes was simultaneously organising the Australian tour of the Duke of Gloucester and, for his efforts, was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in 1934. In 1938, he was manager of the Australian team at the Empire Games held in Sydney. "Why I Have Become a Fascist" During the late 1920s and 1930s, Kent Hughes developed a strong sympathy for fascism, encouraged in part by his uncle Ernest, who visited Italy in 1926, and published an enthusiastic report on Mussolini's Italy in a local newspaper on his return. Kent Hughes was also impressed by Sir Oswald Mosley's proposal for a British parliament consisting of business and national interests, headed by a powerful executive government. In 1933, he published a series of articles in the Melbourne Herald, titled "Why I Have Become a Fascist". In one article, he wrote that fascism "endeavours to avoid the egotistical attitude of laissez faire and the inertia of socialism". Kent Hughes saw it as "a half-way house between the two systems". In fascist countries, he said, "industrial peace and security have been found to be worth the price of sacrificing some of the individual liberty previously enjoyed". In what he called "British communities", however, he expected that fascism would "be garbed not in the dictatorial black shirt, but in the more sedate style of the British Parliamentary representative". Kent Hughes was unique among prominent Australians in publicly identifying as a fascist, although he never joined a fascist organisation or acted overtly in a way that could be described as fascist, and there is no evidence to suggest he was an anti-semite. His biographer, Frederick Howard, maintains that Kent Hughes did not know much about fascism and used the word mainly for its shock value. He observed that "Kent Hughes does not seem to have paid enough attention to the difference between theory and practice in Mussolini's Italy". Kent Hughes's public support of fascism failed to damage his political career, and he was elected Victorian Deputy Leader of the UAP in 1935, serving until his enlistment in the army in 1939. Second World War and aftermath In 1939, without resigning from Parliament, Kent Hughes rejoined the army, becoming a colonel in the 8th Division. He served in the Malaya campaign of 1942, where he was again mentioned in despatches. Kent Hughes was taken prisoner by the Japanese in Singapore and was kept in the Changi Prisoner of War camp, where he was beaten and half-starved. In 1943 he was shipped as a slave labourer to Taiwan. In October 1944 he was shipped to Japan and on to Korea, and then sent by rail to Mukden in Manchuria, where prisoners of war were put to work in arms factories. In August 1945 Kent Hughes was liberated by the invading Red Army and returned to Australia with an amoebic complaint that would continue to bother him. While imprisoned, Kent Hughes secretly wrote what became Slaves of the Samurai, a colourful account of his wartime experiences, published in 1946. He also took up the case of Australian General Gordon Bennett, who was accused of cowardice and desertion after leaving Singapore without authorisation shortly before the city surrendered to the Japanese. Kent Hughes appeared before the Royal Commission into Bennett's case, and argued that Bennett was correct to avoid being taken prisoner and return to Australia to continue the fight. Appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1947 for his wartime service, Kent Hughes was very popular with the ex-service community, appearing in the ANZAC Day march in April each year on horseback, in his First World War uniform, and campaigning for improved benefits for ex-servicemen, particularly ex-prisoners of war. He returned to politics after the end of the Second World War and followed most of the UAP into the newly created Liberal Party. He served as Deputy Premier, Minister for Transport and Minister for Public Instruction from 1947 to 1949, as well as Chief Secretary and Minister for Electrical Undertakings in 1948. Federal politics In 1949, Kent Hughes decided to transfer to federal politics. The bulk of his state electorate was within the comfortably safe Liberal federal seat of Kooyong, but that was held by his old colleague Menzies, now the federal leader of the Liberal Party. Instead, Kent Hughes opted to stand in Chisholm, a newly created seat in south-east Melbourne that was just as safe as Kooyong. Duly elected, he was appointed Minister for the Interior and Minister for Works and Housing (Minister for Works from June 1952) under Menzies. Kent Hughes complained that he was left in charge of only trifling issues. 1956 Olympics Following the successful bid by Melbourne to host the 1956 Summer Olympics, problems had beset the organising of the Games to the extent that International Olympic Committee President Avery Brundage threatened to award the Games to another city. In response, the Melbourne Organising Committee approached Kent Hughes in 1951 to be its chairman, believing his public stature, Olympian background and experience in administration would be great assets. Kent Hughes took to the Chairman role with gusto, although his relationship with Brundage was never cordial. During a visit to Melbourne in 1955 to inspect the preparations, Brundage was less than impressed with the progress achieved under Kent Hughes's chairmanship and condemned Kent Hughes's apparent lack of concern at the looming deadline for the Games. Not one to take criticism lightly, Kent Hughes was quoted as saying that he had enough to worry about without having "Chicago blow-ins come out here and blow their tops over nothing in particular and annoy everyone in general." Kent Hughes broke Olympic tradition in two significant ways. He decided to charge for television and newsreel footage of the Games where previously footage was provided free of charge. Secondly, following a suggestion from John Ian Wing, a 17-year-old apprentice carpenter from Melbourne, Kent Hughes instigated the now familiar closing ceremony tradition of the athletes of different nations parading together, instead of with their national teams, as a symbol of world unity. Kent Hughes's plan to charge for television and newsreel footage of the Games was strongly opposed in many circles, including the media, who believed that the Games were news and as such should be free, while Australian government authorities thought that providing free television coverage of the Games would lead to greater tourism opportunities. Brundage made no public comment on television rights for the Games but grasped the financial possibilities of charging for rights, devising a television rights fees policy following the Games, whereby television stations were forced to negotiate for televised rights for all future Games. This policy is believed to have netted the IOC over $12 billion since its inception at the 1960 Summer Olympics. In recognition of his work successfully organising the Games Kent Hughes was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1957. An award presented by the Victorian Olympic Council to the athlete it considers to have given the most outstanding performance at a Games is named in his honour and Kent Hughes's significance to the modern Olympic movement is such that it has been suggested that an oil portrait of Kent Hughes be commissioned and placed in the Olympic Museum in Lausanne. Later years Menzies dropped Kent Hughes from cabinet in 1956, ostensibly because Menzies opposed some of his housing plans for Canberra. However, it was more likely due to Kent Hughes's continued public comments on foreign affairs and defence matters, in which he took an independent line, favouring a policy even more anti-Communist than that of Menzies, higher defence spending, and the reintroduction of conscription. Widely renowned as the parliamentary figure most knowledgeable in Asian affairs, Kent Hughes was a leading member of the "Taiwan lobby" in the Liberal Party, which sought to maintain the recognition of the Nationalist government in Taiwan as the official Chinese government, and met several times with its president, Chiang Kai-shek. Following the unexpected death of Prime Minister Harold Holt in 1967, Kent Hughes was one of a number of Liberal politicians who expressed support for Country Party leader (and acting Prime Minister) John McEwen remaining Prime Minister ahead of any of his fellow Liberal Party parliamentarians. As it turned out, Liberal Party member John Gorton was elected as the new Liberal parliamentary leader and Prime Minister. Kent Hughes remained very popular in his electorate, and served in Parliament until his death in 1970. Survived by his wife and three daughters, he was accorded a State Funeral. The Times obituary highlighted his war service and Olympian status, referring to him as "one of the more colourful Australian parliamentarians". Sources Abjorensen, N. (2016) The Manner of Their Going, Australian Scholarly Publishing: Kew. . Hancock, I. (2002) John Gorton: He Did It His Way, Hodder: Sydney. . References Further reading Henderson, G. (1994) Menzies Child: The Liberal Party of Australia 1944–94, Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, NSW. 1895 births 1970 deaths Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford Athletes (track and field) at the 1920 Summer Olympics Australian sportsperson-politicians Australian Rhodes Scholars Deputy Premiers of Victoria People educated at Melbourne Grammar School Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire Australian politicians awarded knighthoods Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria Members of the Australian House of Representatives Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Chisholm Members of the Cabinet of Australia Australian Members of the Royal Victorian Order Nationalist Party (Australia) politicians Politicians from Melbourne Athletes from Melbourne Australian recipients of the Military Cross United Australia Party politicians Australian military personnel of World War I Australian Army personnel of World War II Australian prisoners of war World War II prisoners of war held by Japan Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games 20th-century Australian politicians Olympic athletes of Australia Australian colonels

<mask> "Bill" <mask> (12 June 1895 – 31 July 1970) was an Australian army officer and politician who had a long career in both state and federal politics, most notably as a minister in the Menzies Government. He also had a longstanding involvement with the Olympic movement, as both an athlete and organiser. <mask> was born in Melbourne to an upper middle-class family. He won a Rhodes Scholarship in 1914, but postponed his studies to join the Australian Imperial Force. He entered Christ Church, Oxford, in 1919, and combined his studies with his sporting career, representing Australia in hurdling at the 1920 Summer Olympics. <mask> returned home in 1923 and began working at his father's publishing company. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1927, representing the Nationalist Party.He joined the new United Australia Party in 1931, and the following year was made a minister in the government of Stanley Argyle. He served as the party's deputy leader from 1935 to 1939. When the Second World War broke out, <mask> re-enlisted in the army and took part in the Malayan campaign. He was captured by the Japanese at the Battle of Singapore, and spent the next three years as a prisoner-of-war in Singapore, Taiwan, and Manchuria. <mask> retained his seat in parliament during that time, and joined the new Liberal Party upon his return to Australia in 1945. He became Deputy Premier of Victoria in 1948, but resigned the following year to contest the House of Representatives at the 1949 federal election. Robert Menzies added <mask> to his cabinet in 1951, as Minister for the Interior and Minister for Works and Housing.<mask> was Chairman of the Organising Committee for the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. His chairmanship was widely judged a success, and he left a lasting legacy by engineering the sale of television rights, an Olympic first. Despite his high profile, Menzies removed <mask> from his ministry in early 1956. He spent the rest of his career as a backbencher, dying in office in 1970. <mask> was famous for his stubbornness and abrasive personality, particularly the insults he directed at opponents. He was sympathetic towards fascism early in his career (generally overlooked due to his later status as a war hero), and later became an ardent anti-communist. Early life and family The second child of seven of English orthopaedic surgeon and publisher Wilfred <mask> and his wife Clementina (née Rankin), <mask> was born in East Melbourne and educated at Trinity Grammar and Melbourne Grammar.He was accepted at Christ Church, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar in 1914 (although he did not commence study at Oxford until 1919 due to his war service). The family name was <mask>, and young <mask> was usually called Bill or Billy. Later, to avoid confusion with fellow politician <mask>, he adopted one of his middle names, Kent, as part of his surname. It is not known why he spelled his given name "<mask>" while his father's was "Wilfred." A number of <mask>'s relatives also gained national recognition in their chosen fields. Uncle Canon Ernest <mask> was an influential member of the Anglican Church of Australia and a leading Australian rules footballer with St Kilda and Essendon and uncle <mask> was a Brigadier-General, mayor of St Kilda and Aide-de-camp to the Governor-General, the Earl of Dudley. Aunt <mask> OBE founded the Australian Women's National League, the then largest body of organised women in the country, while his sisters Dr <mask> <mask> MBE was a leading paediatrician and community activist and Gwendoline <mask>, who <mask> referred to as "the family Communist", was a renowned proponent of Indigenous rights.First World War <mask> enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force as a private on 8 August 1914. He served in the 3rd Light Horse Brigade at Gallipoli, where he was wounded, then Sinai, Palestine and Syria. <mask>, who reached the rank of major, was mentioned in despatches four times, received the Military Cross in 1917 for his "marked ability and energy in the performance of his duties", and appointed Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General of the Australian Mounted Division. Upon his return to Australia in 1918 he published a volume of memoirs, Modern Crusaders, about his exploits in the Light Horse Brigade. University and 1920 Olympics At war's end, <mask> entered Christ Church, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, gaining a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Modern History. He also captained the Oxford ski team and showed a proficiency for athletics, such that <mask> was chosen to represent Australia in the 110 and 400-metre hurdles at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He finished fourth in his heat of the 110-metre hurdles and failed to progress but won his 400-metre heat before finishing fifth in the semi final.<mask> did not return to England empty handed, as he later admitted to souveniring an official Olympic flag from the Olympic stadium. In 1921, <mask> was part of the Oxford Ski Team visit to Europe, during which he became the first Australian to ski competitively overseas. Following his graduation from Oxford, he married Edith Kerr, a wealthy American heiress to a thread manufacturing empire, on 3 February 1923 in Montclair, New Jersey. He subsequently returned to Melbourne to work as a director in his father's publishing company Ramsay Publishing Pty Ltd while sizing up a career in politics. State politics In 1926, <mask> unsuccessfully sought Nationalist Party of Australia preselection for the newly created seat of Kew in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. He won the seat as an Independent candidate at the 1927 election, after which he joined the Nationalists. <mask> soon found himself opposed to the conservative establishment, and what he considered the mediocrity of Victorian politics.He openly referred to a number of his fellow Nationalists as "boneheads" and opposition Labor Party members as "uncouth, semi-educated ill-mannered narrow-minded boors". <mask>, along with his close friend and ally Robert Menzies, founded the Young Nationalists Organisation in 1929, which became an influential force in conservative politics in Victoria. When the Nationalists came into power in Victoria in December 1928, <mask> was appointed Cabinet Secretary and Government Whip but resigned his positions in July 1929, ostensibly in protest over a government subsidy to a freezing works company, but more likely in reaction to the ongoing bone headedness of his fellow parliamentarians. Following the formation of the United Australia Party (UAP) in place of the Nationalists in 1931, <mask> served in several portfolios, including Railways, Labour, Transport and Sustenance. It was as Minister for Sustenance, a portfolio designed to deal with the poverty of the Great Depression, that he became known as the "Minister for Starvation". <mask> drafted legislation that became the Unemployment Relief (Administration) Bill which, when enacted in January 1933, forced the unemployed to work for the dole, and denied any form of financial assistance to women. Kent <mask>'s bill has been described as the harshest piece of legislation in Australia directed towards the unemployed during the Depression.In January 1933, <mask> became embroiled in cricket's Bodyline affair. A friend of English captain Douglas Jardine from their Oxford days, <mask> publicly defended Jardine's tactics of sustained short-pitched bowling against the Australian batsmen, arguing that Australia used similar tactics against England during the 1921 Ashes tour. He also criticised the protests about Jardine by Australian cricket's governing body, the Australian Cricket Board of Control, stating they were "boorish, bitter (and) insulting". While he was attacking the Cricket Board of Control, <mask> was simultaneously organising the Australian tour of the Duke of Gloucester and, for his efforts, was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in 1934. In 1938, he was manager of the Australian team at the Empire Games held in Sydney. "Why I Have Become a Fascist" During the late 1920s and 1930s, <mask> developed a strong sympathy for fascism, encouraged in part by his uncle Ernest, who visited Italy in 1926, and published an enthusiastic report on Mussolini's Italy in a local newspaper on his return. <mask> was also impressed by Sir Oswald Mosley's proposal for a British parliament consisting of business and national interests, headed by a powerful executive government.In 1933, he published a series of articles in the Melbourne Herald, titled "Why I Have Become a Fascist". In one article, he wrote that fascism "endeavours to avoid the egotistical attitude of laissez faire and the inertia of socialism". <mask> saw it as "a half-way house between the two systems". In fascist countries, he said, "industrial peace and security have been found to be worth the price of sacrificing some of the individual liberty previously enjoyed". In what he called "British communities", however, he expected that fascism would "be garbed not in the dictatorial black shirt, but in the more sedate style of the British Parliamentary representative". <mask> was unique among prominent Australians in publicly identifying as a fascist, although he never joined a fascist organisation or acted overtly in a way that could be described as fascist, and there is no evidence to suggest he was an anti-semite. His biographer, Frederick Howard, maintains that <mask> did not know much about fascism and used the word mainly for its shock value.He observed that "<mask> does not seem to have paid enough attention to the difference between theory and practice in Mussolini's Italy". <mask>'s public support of fascism failed to damage his political career, and he was elected Victorian Deputy Leader of the UAP in 1935, serving until his enlistment in the army in 1939. Second World War and aftermath In 1939, without resigning from Parliament, <mask> rejoined the army, becoming a colonel in the 8th Division. He served in the Malaya campaign of 1942, where he was again mentioned in despatches. <mask> was taken prisoner by the Japanese in Singapore and was kept in the Changi Prisoner of War camp, where he was beaten and half-starved. In 1943 he was shipped as a slave labourer to Taiwan. In October 1944 he was shipped to Japan and on to Korea, and then sent by rail to Mukden in Manchuria, where prisoners of war were put to work in arms factories.In August 1945 <mask> was liberated by the invading Red Army and returned to Australia with an amoebic complaint that would continue to bother him. While imprisoned, <mask> secretly wrote what became Slaves of the Samurai, a colourful account of his wartime experiences, published in 1946. He also took up the case of Australian General Gordon Bennett, who was accused of cowardice and desertion after leaving Singapore without authorisation shortly before the city surrendered to the Japanese. <mask> appeared before the Royal Commission into Bennett's case, and argued that Bennett was correct to avoid being taken prisoner and return to Australia to continue the fight. Appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1947 for his wartime service, <mask> was very popular with the ex-service community, appearing in the ANZAC Day march in April each year on horseback, in his First World War uniform, and campaigning for improved benefits for ex-servicemen, particularly ex-prisoners of war. He returned to politics after the end of the Second World War and followed most of the UAP into the newly created Liberal Party. He served as Deputy Premier, Minister for Transport and Minister for Public Instruction from 1947 to 1949, as well as Chief Secretary and Minister for Electrical Undertakings in 1948.Federal politics In 1949, <mask> decided to transfer to federal politics. The bulk of his state electorate was within the comfortably safe Liberal federal seat of Kooyong, but that was held by his old colleague Menzies, now the federal leader of the Liberal Party. Instead, <mask> opted to stand in Chisholm, a newly created seat in south-east Melbourne that was just as safe as Kooyong. Duly elected, he was appointed Minister for the Interior and Minister for Works and Housing (Minister for Works from June 1952) under Menzies. <mask> complained that he was left in charge of only trifling issues. 1956 Olympics Following the successful bid by Melbourne to host the 1956 Summer Olympics, problems had beset the organising of the Games to the extent that International Olympic Committee President Avery Brundage threatened to award the Games to another city. In response, the Melbourne Organising Committee approached <mask> in 1951 to be its chairman, believing his public stature, Olympian background and experience in administration would be great assets.<mask> took to the Chairman role with gusto, although his relationship with Brundage was never cordial. During a visit to Melbourne in 1955 to inspect the preparations, Brundage was less than impressed with the progress achieved under <mask>'s chairmanship and condemned <mask>'s apparent lack of concern at the looming deadline for the Games. Not one to take criticism lightly, <mask> was quoted as saying that he had enough to worry about without having "Chicago blow-ins come out here and blow their tops over nothing in particular and annoy everyone in general." <mask> broke Olympic tradition in two significant ways. He decided to charge for television and newsreel footage of the Games where previously footage was provided free of charge. Secondly, following a suggestion from John Ian Wing, a 17-year-old apprentice carpenter from Melbourne, <mask> instigated the now familiar closing ceremony tradition of the athletes of different nations parading together, instead of with their national teams, as a symbol of world unity. <mask>'s plan to charge for television and newsreel footage of the Games was strongly opposed in many circles, including the media, who believed that the Games were news and as such should be free, while Australian government authorities thought that providing free television coverage of the Games would lead to greater tourism opportunities.Brundage made no public comment on television rights for the Games but grasped the financial possibilities of charging for rights, devising a television rights fees policy following the Games, whereby television stations were forced to negotiate for televised rights for all future Games. This policy is believed to have netted the IOC over $12 billion since its inception at the 1960 Summer Olympics. In recognition of his work successfully organising the Games <mask> was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1957. An award presented by the Victorian Olympic Council to the athlete it considers to have given the most outstanding performance at a Games is named in his honour and <mask>'s significance to the modern Olympic movement is such that it has been suggested that an oil portrait of <mask> be commissioned and placed in the Olympic Museum in Lausanne. Later years Menzies dropped <mask> from cabinet in 1956, ostensibly because Menzies opposed some of his housing plans for Canberra. However, it was more likely due to <mask>'s continued public comments on foreign affairs and defence matters, in which he took an independent line, favouring a policy even more anti-Communist than that of Menzies, higher defence spending, and the reintroduction of conscription. Widely renowned as the parliamentary figure most knowledgeable in Asian affairs, <mask> was a leading member of the "Taiwan lobby" in the Liberal Party, which sought to maintain the recognition of the Nationalist government in Taiwan as the official Chinese government, and met several times with its president, Chiang Kai-shek.Following the unexpected death of Prime Minister Harold Holt in 1967, <mask> was one of a number of Liberal politicians who expressed support for Country Party leader (and acting Prime Minister) John McEwen remaining Prime Minister ahead of any of his fellow Liberal Party parliamentarians. As it turned out, Liberal Party member John Gorton was elected as the new Liberal parliamentary leader and Prime Minister. <mask> remained very popular in his electorate, and served in Parliament until his death in 1970. Survived by his wife and three daughters, he was accorded a State Funeral. The Times obituary highlighted his war service and Olympian status, referring to him as "one of the more colourful Australian parliamentarians". Sources Abjorensen, N. (2016) The Manner of Their Going, Australian Scholarly Publishing: Kew. . Hancock, I. (2002) John Gorton: He Did It His Way, Hodder: Sydney. . References Further reading Henderson, G. (1994) Menzies Child: The Liberal Party of Australia 1944–94, Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, NSW.1895 births 1970 deaths Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford Athletes (track and field) at the 1920 Summer Olympics Australian sportsperson-politicians Australian Rhodes Scholars Deputy Premiers of Victoria People educated at Melbourne Grammar School Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire Australian politicians awarded knighthoods Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria Members of the Australian House of Representatives Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Chisholm Members of the Cabinet of Australia Australian Members of the Royal Victorian Order Nationalist Party (Australia) politicians Politicians from Melbourne Athletes from Melbourne Australian recipients of the Military Cross United Australia Party politicians Australian military personnel of World War I Australian Army personnel of World War II Australian prisoners of war World War II prisoners of war held by Japan Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games 20th-century Australian politicians Olympic athletes of Australia Australian colonels

<mask> was an Australian army officer and politician who had a long career in both state and federal politics. He has been involved with the Olympic movement for a long time. <mask> was raised by an upper middle-class family. He joined the Australian Imperial Force after winning a Rhodes Scholarship in 1914. He combined his studies with his sporting career and represented Australia in hurdling at the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1923, <mask> started working at his father's publishing company. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the Nationalist Party in 1927.He became a minister in the government of Stanley Argyle after joining the United Australia Party. He was the party's deputy leader from 1935 to 1939. <mask> re-enlisted in the army after the Second World War and took part in the Malayan campaign. He spent the next three years as a prisoner-of-war in Singapore, Taiwan, and Manchuria after he was captured by the Japanese at the Battle of Singapore. After his return to Australia in 1945, <mask> joined the new Liberal Party. He was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1949 federal election, but resigned a year later to become the deputy premier of Victoria. <mask> was added to the cabinet of Robert Menzies in 1951 as Minister for the Interior and Works and Housing.The Organising Committee was chaired by <mask>. He left a lasting legacy by engineering the sale of television rights, an Olympic first. <mask> was removed from his ministry by Menzies. He died in office in 1970. <mask> was known for his stubbornness and abrasive personality. He was sympathetic towards fascists early in his career, but later became an ardent anti-communist. <mask> was the second child of seven English surgeons and publishers and was born in East Melbourne.He was accepted as a Rhodes Scholar at Christ Church, Oxford in 1914, but did not start studying at Oxford until 1919 due to his war service. <mask> was usually called Bill or Billy by his family. He changed his middle name to Kent to avoid confusion with <mask>. It's not known why he spelled his name "<mask>" while his father did. Several of <mask>'s relatives gained national recognition in their chosen fields. Uncle Canon Ernest <mask> was an influential member of the Anglican Church of Australia and a leading Australian rules footballer with St Kilda and Essendon and uncle <mask> was a brigadier-general and aide-de-camp to the Governor-General. Aunt <mask> founded the Australian Women's National League, the largest body of organised women in the country, while his sisters Dr <mask> <mask> was a leading paediatrician and community activist.On August 8, 1914, <mask> enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force. He was wounded in Sinai, Palestine and Syria while in the 3rd Light Horse brigade. <mask> received the Military Cross in 1917 for his "marked ability and energy in the performance of his duties", and was appointed the Quartermaster General of the Australian Mounted Division. He published a book about his exploits in the Light Horse brigade after returning to Australia in 1918. At war's end, <mask> entered Christ Church, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar and obtained a Bachelor of Arts with honours in Modern History. He captained the Oxford ski team, and <mask> was chosen to represent Australia in the hurdles at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He finished fourth in his heat of the hurdles, but won his heat and advanced to the semi final, where he finished fifth.After returning to England, <mask> admitted to souveniring an official Olympic flag from the stadium. <mask> was the first Australian to ski competitively overseas when he was a member of the Oxford Ski Team. He married Edith Kerr, a wealthy American heiress to a thread manufacturing empire, on 3 February 1923 in New Jersey. He went back to work in his father's publishing company in order to find a career in politics. <mask> tried to get a seat in the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Nationalist Party of Australia. He joined the Nationalists after winning the seat as an Independent candidate. <mask> was against the conservative establishment and disliked Victorian politics.A number of his fellow Nationalists were referred to as "boneheads" by him. The Young Nationalists Organisation, founded in 1929 by <mask> and Robert Menzies, became an influential force in conservative politics in Victoria. When the Nationalists came to power in Victoria in December 1928, <mask> was appointed Cabinet Secretary and Government Whip but resigned his positions in July 1929 in protest over a government subsidy to a freezing works company. <mask> served in several portfolios after the formation of the United Australia Party (UAP) in place of the Nationalists in 1931. He became known as the "Minister for Starvation" after he became the Minister for Sustenance. The Unemployment Relief (Administration) Bill, drafted by <mask>, forced the unemployed to work for the dole, and denied any form of financial assistance to women. The toughest piece of legislation in Australia directed towards the unemployed during the Depression was authored by <mask>.<mask> was involved in the Bodyline affair. A friend of English captain Douglas Jardine from their Oxford days, <mask> publicly defended his tactics of sustained short-pitched bowling against the Australian batting, arguing that Australia used similar tactics against England during the 1921 Ashes tour. The Australian Cricket Board of Control's protests about Jardine were "derogatory, bitter and insulting", according to him. <mask> was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in 1934 after he organised the Australian tour of the Duke of Gloucester while attacking the Cricket Board of Control. He was the manager of the Australian team at the Empire Games. During the late 1920s and 1930s, <mask> was encouraged by his uncle Ernest, who visited Italy in 1926, and published an enthusiastic report on Mussolini's Italy in a local newspaper. Sir Oswald Mosley's proposal for a British parliament consisting of business and national interests, headed by a powerful executive government caught the attention of <mask>.He wrote "Why I Have Become a Fascist" in the Melbourne Herald in 1933. He wrote that fascists wanted to avoid the egotistical attitude of laissez faire and the inertia of socialism. It was seen by <mask> as a half-way house between the two systems. Industrial peace and security have been found to be worth the price of sacrificing some of the individual liberty previously enjoyed in fascist countries. He expected that fascists would be garbed not in the dictatorial black shirt, but in the more tranquil style of the British Parliamentary representative. <mask> was unique among prominent Australians in publicly identifying as a fascist, although he never joined a fascist organisation or acted in a way that could be described as fascist, and there is no evidence to suggest he was an anti-semite. <mask> used the word "fascist" for its shock value, according to his biographer, Frederick Howard.<mask> doesn't seem to have paid enough attention to the difference between theory and practice in Mussolini's Italy. <mask> was elected Victorian deputy leader of the UAP in 1935 and served until his enlistment in the army in 1939 despite his public support of fascists. After the Second World War, <mask> became a colonel in the 8th Division. He was mentioned in despatches in the Malaya campaign of 1942. After being taken prisoner by the Japanese in Singapore, <mask> was kept in the Changi Prisoner of War camp, where he was beaten and half-starved. He was sent to Taiwan as a slave in 1943. He was shipped to Japan and Korea in October 1944 and then sent by rail to Manchuria, where prisoners of war were put to work in arms factories.In August 1945 <mask> was liberated by the Red Army and returned to Australia with a complaint that would bother him for the rest of his life. Slaves of the Samurai was written by <mask> while he was imprisoned. He took up the case of Australian General Gordon Bennett, who was accused of cowardice and desertion after leaving Singapore without authorization shortly before the city surrendered to the Japanese. Bennett was correct to avoid being taken prisoner and return to Australia to continue the fight, argued <mask>, who appeared before the Royal Commission into Bennett's case. <mask>, who served in the First World War, was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1947 and was very popular with the ex-service community. After the end of the Second World War, he returned to politics and joined the Liberal Party. He was the Chief Secretary and Minister for Electrical Undertakings in 1948.In 1949, <mask> decided to transfer to federal politics. The majority of his state electorate was within the comfortably safe Liberal federal seat of Kooyong, but that was held by his old colleague, now the federal leader of the Liberal Party. <mask> chose to stand in the newly created seat of Chisholm, which was just as safe as the seat of Kooyong. He was appointed Minister for the Interior and Minister for Works and Housing in June 1952. <mask> was left in charge of only trifling issues. The International Olympic Committee President threatened to award the Games to another city after the successful bid by Melbourne to host the Summer Olympics. <mask> was approached by the Melbourne Organising Committee in 1951 to be its chairman, believing his public stature, Olympian background and experience in administration would be great assets.Although his relationship with Brundage was never good, <mask> took to the Chairman role with gusto. Brundage was less than impressed with the progress achieved under <mask>'s chairmanship and he was not happy with <mask>'s lack of concern at the looming deadline for the Games. Not one to take criticism lightly, <mask> was quoted as saying that he had enough to worry about without having "Chicago blow-ins come out here and blow their tops over nothing in particular and annoy everyone in general." The Olympic tradition was broken by <mask>. Previously footage of the Games was free of charge, but he decided to charge for television and newsreel footage. The closing ceremony tradition of the athletes of different nations parading together, instead of with their national teams, was started by <mask> after a suggestion from John Ian Wing. <mask>'s plan to charge for television and newsreel footage of the Games was strongly opposed in many circles, including the media, who believed that the Games were news and as such should be free, while Australian government authorities thought that providing free television coverage of the Games would lead to greaterBrundage devised a television rights fees policy after the Games, whereby television stations were forced to negotiate for televised rights for all future Games, even though Brundage made no public comment on television rights for the Games. Since the 1960 Summer Olympics, this policy has netted the IOC over $12 billion. <mask> was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1957. An award presented by the Victorian Olympic Council to the athlete it considers to have given the most outstanding performance at a Games is named in his honour and <mask>'s significance to the modern Olympic movement is such that it has been suggested that an oil portrait of <mask> be commissioned and placed in In the mid-sixties, <mask> was dropped from the cabinet by Menzies because of his opposition to some of his housing plans. <mask>'s continued comments on foreign affairs and defence matters, in which he took an independent line, favouring a policy even more anti-Communist than that of Menzies, made it more likely. <mask> was a leading member of the "Taiwan lobby" in the Liberal Party, which sought to maintain the recognition of the Nationalist government in Taiwan as the official Chinese government, and met several times with its president.Following the death of Prime Minister Harold Holt in 1967, a number of Liberal politicians expressed their support for Country Party leader John McEwen remaining Prime Minister ahead of any of his fellow Liberal Party parliamentarians. John Gorton was elected as the new Liberal parliamentary leader and Prime Minister. <mask> was very popular in his electorate and served in Parliament. He was laid to rest by his family. He was referred to as "one of the more colourful Australian parliamentarians" in the Times obituary. Abjorensen is the author of The Manner of Their Going. John Gorton: He Did It His Way was published in 2002.The alumni of Christ Church, Oxford Athletes at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire were knighted by the Liberal Party.

56434055

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisella%20Giovenco

Gisella Giovenco

Gisella Giovenco (born Ferrara, 30 January 1946) is an Italian painter, stylist and publicist. Biography Gisella Giovenco was born in 1946 in Ferrara: her father, Onofrio, was a Sicilian doctor from Alcamo, while her mother, Afra Mariani, was originary from Ferrara; she has been living at Bogliasco (Genova) since 1948; she attended the Liceo Artistico Nicolò Barabino in Genoa and had the painters Bassano and Alberto Nobile, and the sculptor Valdieri Pestelli as teachers. She started painting in 1965, taking part in extemporaneous and collective exhibitions in Italy, France, Venezuela and USA; since 1968 she has almost exclusively set personal exhibitions in Genoa, Milan, Bergamo, Agrigento, Tokio, Osaka, Hiroshima, Hakata. In 1979 she is quoted in the "Bolaffi" Catalogue, and in 1980 met Tito Fontana, a composer who wanted to put some painted landscapes to music; so in 1981 they realized the art show "Sounds and colours" at the Galleria Cortina in Milan, where Tito Fontana composed a piece for each painting: all of them with a soundtrack, music, and light synchronized on the work inside the gallery in the dark: painting and music together, telling the same emotions. Gisella Giovenco realizes different covers of jazz Lps for "Studio 7" and DIRE and collaborates in the realization of the pieces that Fontana composes to set Pope John Paul II’s poems to music which, after Sarah Vaughan’s concert held in Düsseldorf, becomes an LP. In the 1990s, she was a victim of chronic fatigue syndrome, after getting through the first stage of this disease but not in a perfect form yet, she can devote herself to painting, but as she keeps a dog and a cat at home and the oil canvases, leaning everywhere, are drying very slowly, in order to avoid any imaginable inconveniences, she invents a new personal technique by using the silk cuttings of the remainings from the creation of some of her fashion collections. So, what Vittorio Sgarbi will define cloth intarsias in his presentation of the volume "Omaggio alla Cristianita’ ", were born: a very detailed work looking for, among thousands of remnants, the desired shape and the right hue: the distinctive characteristics of silk give the possibility of getting some shades, variegations and chromatic reflections really original and unique in their kind. At Portofino she successfully tries out the first paintings with her technique, and in 2000 exhibits some 30 of them at Spazio San Carpoforo in Milan. The subjects represented by Gisella Giovenco, the churches’ façades, are as original as their realization: a mosaic placed on a background painted in a uniform way, enriched by shiny silk pieces which highlight the preciousness of capitals and decorations, and produce an exceptional chromatic effect, very realistic but also different from photography. As her source of inspiration, Giovenco selects the subjects and images coming from the Holy Tradition and Christianity, that she considers authentic masterpieces and inestimable values of the Italian cultural patrimony, with the aim of enhancing them, making them as the absolute protagonists of her creations. According to the artist, only if you are aware of the importance of your own culture, you can respect and understand the others. In 2005, in the parish Church of Bogliasco, with the collaboration of the Confraternity of Santa Chiara and the patronage of the municipality of Bogliasco, the artist exhibited some 40 of her paintings (both oil and intarsias), giving the proceeds of them to a cultural iniziative which was a matter of concern for many fellow citizens: the restoration of the façade of the ancient Oratory of Santa Chiara; the title given to this exhibition was 40 chiese per Santa Chiara (that is:forty churches for Santa Chiara). In 2009 she collected part of the 150 façades of the churches she had already ‘’painted’’ in a book, entitled Omaggio alla Cristianità: the presentation was written by Vittorio Sgarbi and the preface by cardinal Angelo Bagnasco. In 2011, with the technique of Trompe-l'œil, she painted three walls of the hall of the parish Church of Bogliasco and, with the same technique, the four sails of the ceiling of the veranda in Villa Crovetto (a senior home) in the district of San Bernardo in 2012. Finally, in December 2017, Gisella Giovenco decided to donate seven of her works to Alcamo, the hometown of his father, doctor Onofrio Giovenco, a pediatrician who practised his profession in Liguria, achieving notoriety for his scientific discoveries that were also published on international reviews, and for his long fight in favour of the reintegration of the yacht Elettra which belonged to Guglielmo Marconi. Stylist In 1983 she creates some collections of men’s leatherware and designs women’s handbags; between 1991 and 1992 she produces some collections of women’s fashion. Then Giovenco works together with Sergio Soldano’s atelier for the brand management, approaching the world of perfumes: three years later the result is a patent for the realization of perfumes personalized inside the shops at the time of sale, which was to be followed by a line of cosmetology personalized too; unfortunately the commercialization was suddenly stopped owing to her disease: chronic fatigue syndrome. Activity as a publicist In 1979 she met Renzo Cortina, the famous gallerist and bookseller from Milan who entrusted her with the live conduction of L’angolo del libro at Antennatre. Among some 30 of her guests she reminds Gina Lagorio, Nantas Salvalaggio, Giulio Bedeschi, Carlo Castellaneta, Alberto Lattuada, Romano Battaglia, Alberto Bertuzzi, Alberto Bevilacqua, Renato Pozzetto, Luciano Sechi and Paolo Mosca. In the ‘80s she starts working for Il Giornale Nuovo in the fashion advertorials. Besides Indro Montanelli she meets Gianni Granzotto, Cesare Biazzi Vergani, Marcello Staglieno who let her feel at home. She also collaborates with the editorial board in Genoa. In 1987 Giovenco writes a series of interviews to famous personalities which is entitled Com’erano da piccoli -Infanzia e adolescenza di persone conosciute -.(How they were when children- infancy and adolescence of people known) Paolo Villaggio, Ornella Vanoni, Giorgio Soavi, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Gino Paoli, Ottavio Missoni, Bruno Lauzi, Ugo Gregoretti, Mino Damato, Walter Chiari, Carlo Castellaneta, Gianni Baget Bozzo, Enzo Biagi Alberto Bertuzzi, Pippo Baudo, Enrico Baj. It will become a book published by Rebellato in 1993.[1] In April 1994 she took part in the television programme Maurizio Costanzo Show, where she presented her book . Exhibitions 1967: Collective at the galleria "Chiesa di S. Romano" in Ferrara. 1969: Galleria "Il Cigno" at via Manzoni in Milan (presented by Mario Lepore). 1972: "Galleria Guidi" in Genoa. 1973: invited to take part, with 10 works, in the exhibition of Istituto Italiano di Cultura of Tokyo, held in Tokyo, Osaka, Hiroshima, Hakata. 1976: Palazzo Comunale of Sperlonga; 1976: 1° Premio "Foemina", Genova; 1976: invited by Circolo Sannitico, at Palazzo della Prefettura in Campobasso; 1976: "Galleria Tasso" in Bergamo (personal). 1977: collective at Palazzo Comunale in Sperlonga; 1979: con "Les artists d’Italie" in Parigi; 1979: personal at Galleria "La Polena" at Forte dei Marmi; 1979: 10 works at Galleria "Eastern Star" di Agrigento; 1979: 10 works at Palazzo Bonaiuto in Caltagirone. 1979: Galleria "La Polena" at Forte dei Marmi. 1980: Rossana Bewik prepares an exhibition for her in Canada, in Montreal. 1981: Galleria Cortina di Milano, Suoni e colori in collaboration with Tito Fontana At Portofino she successfully tries out the first paintings with her technique. 2000: Spazio San Carpoforo in Milano, she exhibits some 30 works created with silk intarsias 2012: Biennale Torinese, extension of the 54th Venice Biennale curated by Professor Vittorio Sgarbi, at Sala Nervi in Turin. She exhibited a work dedicated to Pope John Paul II. 2012: Intarsi d’arte, at Milano Art Gallery Spazio Culturale in Milan Publications Com'erano da piccoli - infanzia e adolescenza di persone conosciute; San Donà di Piave: Rebellato Ed., 1993 Suoni e Colori, ed.Direarte, Milano, 1981. A particular edition where music and painting are linked; an Italian jazz trio with Sante Palumbo and Tito Fontana at the piano and Luigi Tognoli at the sax tenor. The cover design is realized by Gisella Giovenco; the cover can be opened and contains 16 drawings made by Giovenco and photographated by Franco Bottino, the list of the pieces, each one corresponding to one of the artist's paintings. Omaggio alla Cristianità; with the presentation by Vittorio Sgarbi and the preface by Cardinal Angelo Bagnasco; publisher: IL CITTADINO See also Museum of Contemporary Art of Alcamo Vittorio Sgarbi Angelo Bagnasco References Sources http://www.comune.alcamo.tp.it/attachments/article/2715/217-17%20Donazione%20quadri%20.~.pdf http://www.alpauno.com/alcamo-pittrice-dona-sette-quadri-di-chiese-alla-citta-2/ http://www.gisellagiovenco.it/Gisella_Giovenco_-_official_website_biografia.html https://web.archive.org/web/20180126024219/https://www.comunicatistampa.net/intervista-a-gisella-giovenco-in-occasione-dellinaugurazione-della-personale-intarsi-darte-organizzata-da-promoter-arte-che-si-terra-il-29-novembre-pres/ http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/mosaico-stoffa-chiese.html http://www.milanoartgallery.it/art_GG_opere_esposte.php http://sbngs.it/italia--piemonte/arte--dal-portale--archivio-eventi-2012--gennaio-2012 http://www.sbaratto.it/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=2288 http://www1.adnkronos.com/Archivio/AdnAgenzia/1994/04/14/Spettacolo/CANALE-5-MAURIZIO-COSTANZO-SHOW_151100.php External links https://web.archive.org/web/20180129140630/http://www.comune.alcamo.tp.it/attachments/article/3362/16%20DICEMBRE%20CERIMONIA%20DON~.png http://www.artribune.com/mostre-evento-arte/gisella-giovenco-intarsi-darte/ http://1995-2015.undo.net/it/mostra/150235 http://lnx.whipart.it/html/comunicato-stampa-9821.html https://www.informazione.it/c/16301F96-27ED-4147-90F9-60B9430713F7/GIOVEDI-29-NOVEMBRE-2012-ORE-18-30-GISELLA-GIOVENCO-INAUGURA-LA-MOSTRA-PERSONALE-INTARSI-D-ARTE-PRESSO-MILANO-ART-GALLERY-A-MILANO 1946 births Living people 20th-century Italian journalists 20th-century Italian painters 20th-century Italian women artists Italian fashion designers Women fashion designers Italian women painters Artists from Ferrara

<mask> (born Ferrara, 30 January 1946) is an Italian painter, stylist and publicist. Biography <mask> was born in 1946 in Ferrara: her father, Onofrio, was a Sicilian doctor from Alcamo, while her mother, Afra Mariani, was originary from Ferrara; she has been living at Bogliasco (Genova) since 1948; she attended the Liceo Artistico Nicolò Barabino in Genoa and had the painters Bassano and Alberto Nobile, and the sculptor Valdieri Pestelli as teachers. She started painting in 1965, taking part in extemporaneous and collective exhibitions in Italy, France, Venezuela and USA; since 1968 she has almost exclusively set personal exhibitions in Genoa, Milan, Bergamo, Agrigento, Tokio, Osaka, Hiroshima, Hakata. In 1979 she is quoted in the "Bolaffi" Catalogue, and in 1980 met Tito Fontana, a composer who wanted to put some painted landscapes to music; so in 1981 they realized the art show "Sounds and colours" at the Galleria Cortina in Milan, where Tito Fontana composed a piece for each painting: all of them with a soundtrack, music, and light synchronized on the work inside the gallery in the dark: painting and music together, telling the same emotions. <mask> realizes different covers of jazz Lps for "Studio 7" and DIRE and collaborates in the realization of the pieces that Fontana composes to set Pope John Paul II’s poems to music which, after Sarah Vaughan’s concert held in Düsseldorf, becomes an LP. In the 1990s, she was a victim of chronic fatigue syndrome, after getting through the first stage of this disease but not in a perfect form yet, she can devote herself to painting, but as she keeps a dog and a cat at home and the oil canvases, leaning everywhere, are drying very slowly, in order to avoid any imaginable inconveniences, she invents a new personal technique by using the silk cuttings of the remainings from the creation of some of her fashion collections. So, what Vittorio Sgarbi will define cloth intarsias in his presentation of the volume "Omaggio alla Cristianita’ ", were born: a very detailed work looking for, among thousands of remnants, the desired shape and the right hue: the distinctive characteristics of silk give the possibility of getting some shades, variegations and chromatic reflections really original and unique in their kind.At Portofino she successfully tries out the first paintings with her technique, and in 2000 exhibits some 30 of them at Spazio San Carpoforo in Milan. The subjects represented by Gisella <mask>, the churches’ façades, are as original as their realization: a mosaic placed on a background painted in a uniform way, enriched by shiny silk pieces which highlight the preciousness of capitals and decorations, and produce an exceptional chromatic effect, very realistic but also different from photography. As her source of inspiration, <mask> selects the subjects and images coming from the Holy Tradition and Christianity, that she considers authentic masterpieces and inestimable values of the Italian cultural patrimony, with the aim of enhancing them, making them as the absolute protagonists of her creations. According to the artist, only if you are aware of the importance of your own culture, you can respect and understand the others. In 2005, in the parish Church of Bogliasco, with the collaboration of the Confraternity of Santa Chiara and the patronage of the municipality of Bogliasco, the artist exhibited some 40 of her paintings (both oil and intarsias), giving the proceeds of them to a cultural iniziative which was a matter of concern for many fellow citizens: the restoration of the façade of the ancient Oratory of Santa Chiara; the title given to this exhibition was 40 chiese per Santa Chiara (that is:forty churches for Santa Chiara). In 2009 she collected part of the 150 façades of the churches she had already ‘’painted’’ in a book, entitled Omaggio alla Cristianità: the presentation was written by Vittorio Sgarbi and the preface by cardinal Angelo Bagnasco. In 2011, with the technique of Trompe-l'œil, she painted three walls of the hall of the parish Church of Bogliasco and, with the same technique, the four sails of the ceiling of the veranda in Villa Crovetto (a senior home) in the district of San Bernardo in 2012.Finally, in December 2017, <mask> <mask> decided to donate seven of her works to Alcamo, the hometown of his father, doctor Onofrio <mask>, a pediatrician who practised his profession in Liguria, achieving notoriety for his scientific discoveries that were also published on international reviews, and for his long fight in favour of the reintegration of the yacht Elettra which belonged to Guglielmo Marconi. Stylist In 1983 she creates some collections of men’s leatherware and designs women’s handbags; between 1991 and 1992 she produces some collections of women’s fashion. Then <mask> works together with Sergio Soldano’s atelier for the brand management, approaching the world of perfumes: three years later the result is a patent for the realization of perfumes personalized inside the shops at the time of sale, which was to be followed by a line of cosmetology personalized too; unfortunately the commercialization was suddenly stopped owing to her disease: chronic fatigue syndrome. Activity as a publicist In 1979 she met Renzo Cortina, the famous gallerist and bookseller from Milan who entrusted her with the live conduction of L’angolo del libro at Antennatre. Among some 30 of her guests she reminds Gina Lagorio, Nantas Salvalaggio, Giulio Bedeschi, Carlo Castellaneta, Alberto Lattuada, Romano Battaglia, Alberto Bertuzzi, Alberto Bevilacqua, Renato Pozzetto, Luciano Sechi and Paolo Mosca. In the ‘80s she starts working for Il Giornale Nuovo in the fashion advertorials. Besides Indro Montanelli she meets Gianni Granzotto, Cesare Biazzi Vergani, Marcello Staglieno who let her feel at home.She also collaborates with the editorial board in Genoa. In 1987 Giovenco writes a series of interviews to famous personalities which is entitled Com’erano da piccoli -Infanzia e adolescenza di persone conosciute -. (How they were when children- infancy and adolescence of people known) Paolo Villaggio, Ornella Vanoni, Giorgio Soavi, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Gino Paoli, Ottavio Missoni, Bruno Lauzi, Ugo Gregoretti, Mino Damato, Walter Chiari, Carlo Castellaneta, Gianni Baget Bozzo, Enzo Biagi Alberto Bertuzzi, Pippo Baudo, Enrico Baj. It will become a book published by Rebellato in 1993. [1] In April 1994 she took part in the television programme Maurizio Costanzo Show, where she presented her book . Exhibitions 1967: Collective at the galleria "Chiesa di S. Romano" in Ferrara. 1969: Galleria "Il Cigno" at via Manzoni in Milan (presented by Mario Lepore).1972: "Galleria Guidi" in Genoa. 1973: invited to take part, with 10 works, in the exhibition of Istituto Italiano di Cultura of Tokyo, held in Tokyo, Osaka, Hiroshima, Hakata. 1976: Palazzo Comunale of Sperlonga; 1976: 1° Premio "Foemina", Genova; 1976: invited by Circolo Sannitico, at Palazzo della Prefettura in Campobasso; 1976: "Galleria Tasso" in Bergamo (personal). 1977: collective at Palazzo Comunale in Sperlonga; 1979: con "Les artists d’Italie" in Parigi; 1979: personal at Galleria "La Polena" at Forte dei Marmi; 1979: 10 works at Galleria "Eastern Star" di Agrigento; 1979: 10 works at Palazzo Bonaiuto in Caltagirone. 1979: Galleria "La Polena" at Forte dei Marmi. 1980: Rossana Bewik prepares an exhibition for her in Canada, in Montreal. 1981: Galleria Cortina di Milano, Suoni e colori in collaboration with Tito Fontana At Portofino she successfully tries out the first paintings with her technique.2000: Spazio San Carpoforo in Milano, she exhibits some 30 works created with silk intarsias 2012: Biennale Torinese, extension of the 54th Venice Biennale curated by Professor Vittorio Sgarbi, at Sala Nervi in Turin. She exhibited a work dedicated to Pope John Paul II. 2012: Intarsi d’arte, at Milano Art Gallery Spazio Culturale in Milan Publications Com'erano da piccoli - infanzia e adolescenza di persone conosciute; San Donà di Piave: Rebellato Ed., 1993 Suoni e Colori, ed.Direarte, Milano, 1981. A particular edition where music and painting are linked; an Italian jazz trio with Sante Palumbo and Tito Fontana at the piano and Luigi Tognoli at the sax tenor. The cover design is realized by <mask> <mask>; the cover can be opened and contains 16 drawings made by <mask> and photographated by Franco Bottino, the list of the pieces, each one corresponding to one of the artist's paintings.

<mask> was born in Italy on January 30, 1946. <mask>'s father, Onofrio, was a Sicilian doctor from Alcamo, while her mother, Afra Mariani, was from Ferrara. She started painting in 1965, taking part in extemporaneous and collective exhibitions in Italy, France, Venezuela and USA. In 1979 she is quoted in the "Bolaffi" catalogue, and in 1980 she met a composer who wanted to put some painted landscapes to music, and in 1981 they realized the art show "Sounds and colours" at the Galleria Cortina in Milan. <mask> and Fontana collaborated in the realization of the pieces that Fontana composed to set Pope John Paul II's poems to music. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Vittorio Sgarbi will describe cloth intarsias in his presentation as a very detailed work looking for among thousands of remnants, the desired shape and the right hue.At Portofino, she tried out the first paintings with her technique, and in 2000 she exhibits some 30 of them at Spazio San Carpoforo in Milan. The subjects represented by Gisella <mask>, the churches' faades, are as original as their realization: a mosaic placed on a background painted in a uniform way, enriched by shiny silk pieces which highlight the preciousness of capitals and decorations. <mask> selects the subjects and images from the Holy Tradition and Christianity that she considers authentic masterpieces and inestimable values of the Italian cultural patrimony, with the aim of enhancing them, making them as the absolute protagonists of her creations. If you are aware of the importance of your own culture, you can understand the others. The artist gave the proceeds of her paintings to a cultural in 2005, when they were exhibited in the Church of Bogliasco. Vittorio Sgarbi wrote a book entitled Omaggio alla Cristianit, in which she collected part of the 150 faades of the churches she had already painted. She used the technique of Trompe-l'il to paint three walls of the church hall and four sails of the ceiling of the senior home in the district.<mask> <mask> decided to give seven of her works to the hometown of her father, Onofrio <mask>, a doctor who was renowned for his scientific discoveries that were published on international reviews. Between 1991 and 1992 she created some women's fashion collections and created some men's leatherware. Three years later the result is a patent for the realization of perfumes personalized inside the shops at the time of sale, which was to be followed by a line of cosmetology personalized too. She was a publicist in 1979 when she met Renzo Cortina, a famous bookseller from Milan. She reminds many of her guests, including Gina Lagorio, Paolo Mosca, and Carlo Castellaneta. She started working for Il Giornale Nuovo in the '80s. She met many people who let her feel at home.She works with the editorial board in Genoa. <mask> wrote a series of interviews to famous people in 1987. Paolo Villaggio, Ornella Vanoni, Giorgio Soavi, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Gino Paoli, Ottavio Missoni, Bruno Lauzi, Ugo Gregoretti, Mino Damato, Walter Chiari were children. It will be published in 1993. She presented her book on the Costanzo Show in 1994. The Collective held exhibitions in 1967. Galleria "Il Cigno" was presented by Mario Lepore."Galleria Guidi" is in Genoa. The exhibition of Istituto Italiano di Cultura of Tokyo was held in Tokyo, Osaka, Hiroshima, and Hakata. In 1976: Palazzo Comunale of Sperlonga, Genova, and "Galleria Tasso" in Bergamo. Collective at Palazzo Comunale in Sperlonga, personal at Galleria "La Polena" at Forte dei Marmi, and 10 works at Galleria "Eastern Star" di Agrigen. The Galleria "La Polena" is at the Forte dei Marmi. An exhibition for Rossana Bewik is being prepared in Montreal. She tried out the first paintings with her technique in 1981 in Galleria Cortina di Milano, Suoni e colori.In 2000 she exhibits some 30 works created with silk intarsias in Milano. There was a work dedicated to Pope John Paul II. Intarsi d'arte, at Milano Art Gallery Spazio Culturale in Milan Publications Com'erano da piccoli - infanzia e adolescenza di persone conosciute. There is an Italian jazz trio with Sante Palumbo and Tito Fontana at the piano and Luigi Tognoli at the saxophone. The cover is designed by <mask> <mask> and contains 16 drawings made by <mask> and a list of pieces corresponding to one of the artist's paintings.

8091498

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo%20Mordillo

Guillermo Mordillo

Guillermo Mordillo (4 August 1932 – 29 June 2019), known simply as Mordillo, was an Argentine creator of cartoons and animations and was one of the most widely published cartoonists of the 1970s. He is most famous for his humorous, colorful, surreal and wordless depictions of love, sports (in particular soccer and golf), and long-necked animals. From 1976 to 1981, Mordillo's cartoons were used by Slovenian artist Miki Muster to create Mordillo, a series of 400 short animations (300 min) that were later presented at Cannes and bought by television studios from 30 countries. Biography The son of Spanish parents, Mordillo spent his childhood in Villa Pueyrredón in Buenos Aires, where he had an early interest in drawing. In 1948 he obtained the certificate of Illustrator from the School of Journalism. Two years later, while continuing to study, as part of the animation team Burone Bruch he illustrated children's stories (Tales of Perrault Tales of Schmid, The Musicians of Bremen and The Three Little Pigs) edited by Codex. In 1952 he co-founded Galas Studios, dedicated to the production of animations. Meanwhile, he continued to develop his career as an illustrator and published some strips in local magazines. On 7 November 1955, he moved to Lima, Peru, where he worked as a freelance designer for the advertising company McCann Erickson. In 1958 Aesop's Fables illustrated and Samaniego for Editorial Iberia Lima. After having done greeting-card illustrations for the Kansas City-based Hallmark Cards, he left for the United States in 1960. When there he was employed by Paramount Pictures Studios in New York. Part of the performance of the film in two globally significant characters: Popeye and Little Lulu and creates two characters for the short film Trick for tree. Three years later, on 20 August his life changed direction again. This time he travelled to Europe, arriving in Paris on 19 September. There, he worked at first humorous letters to Mic-Max Edition. In July 1966 he began to collaborate with the magazine Le Pelerin and shortly after doing the same in Paris Match. Two years later, his work started being printed in publications from other parts of the world, most notably Germany's Stern. In Paris he met his wife Amparo Camarasa, marrying in 1969. They have two children: Sebastian Jerome (1970) and Cecile Isabelle (1972). In 1980 he moved to Mallorca, Spain, and was named President of the International Association of Authors of Comics and Cartoons (CFIA) based in Geneva, Switzerland. After 18 years in Spain, he returned to France in 1998. The following year he participated in the Creative Workshop Zermatt, Switzerland. In 2007 he experimented with new materials: acrylics, pastels and crayons. The following year he performed with Art Petrus a series of reproductions of pictures in high definition. Also that year he sold a numbered and autographed internet publication, Mordillo Collection. He resided in Monaco. Bibliography The Damp and Daffy Doings of a Daring Pirate Ship, 1971, Harlin Quist Inc., New York, USA. Also published as Le Galion, 1970, Harlin Quist, Paris, France; All' Arrembaggio!, 1971, Emme Edizione, Milano, Italy; Das Piratenschiff, 1971, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany; Soroverskibet, Host et Son, Copenhagen, Denmark; O Barco Dos Piratas, Publicacoes Dom Quixote, Lisboa. The Collected Cartoons of Mordillo, (with foreword by John Bailey), 1971, Crown Publishers, New York, USA. Also published as Der Grosse Mordillo, 1974, foreword by Manfred Schmidt, Verlag Gerhard Stalling AG, Oldenburg and Hamburg, Germany, . Crazy Cowboy, 1972, Harlin Quist Inc., New York, USA. Also published under the same title by Harlin Quist, Paris; Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, and Emme Edizioni, Milano. Das Giraffenbuch, 1973, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, . Also published as: Toutes Les Giraffes, 1983, all-color hardcover, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France. Das Giraffenbuch II, 1974, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, . Crazy Crazy Das Dschungelbuch, 1974, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany. Grosse Pläne kleine Steine, 1975, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München, Germany. Mordillo's Träumereien - und andere wunderliche Geschichten, 1975, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, . Der kleine Mordillo, 1976, Verlag Gerhard Stalling AG, Oldenburg and Hamburg, Germany, . Opus I, 1976, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, München, Germany, 88-page softcover, Weltbild Verlag, printed in Italy, . Opus I, 1976, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, München, Germany, 88-page hardcover, Oli Verlag N.V. Verlag, printed in Germany, . carton No 5 (Mordillo) - Les Cahiers du Dessin D'Humour, 1976, Edition Glenat, France. Mordillo: Cartoons zum Verlieben, 1977, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, München, Germany, unter Lizenz von Verlag Gerhard Stalling AG, Oldenburg and Hamburg, Germany . Opus II, 1978, (with foreword by Marcel Marceau). Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München, Germany, 88-page softcover, Weltbild Verlag, printed in Italy, . Opus II, 1978, (with foreword by Marcel Marceau). Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München, Germany, 88-page hardcover, Weltbild Verlag, printed in Italy. Opus III, 1978, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München, Germany (44-page hardcover French edition 1980, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France; 88-page softcover Italian edition 1983, Weltbild Verlag, printed in Italy), . Opus III, 1983, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München/Hamburg, Germany 88-page hardcover, . Opus IV, 1978, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, Hamburg - München, Germany (44-page hardcover French edition 1982, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France ). Wie eine Jungfrau entsteht, 1978, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, München and Hamburg, Germany, . La Coppia, 1979, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Mordillo Giraffenparade, 1980, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Variationen über das menschliche Wesen Cartoons, 1980, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, . Mordillo Football, 1981, (with foreword by Pelé). Century Hutchinson, London, Great Britain. French edition 1981, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France. Also published as: Mordillo Football, 1981, (with foreword by Pelé). Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Neue Variationen über das menschliche Wesen Cartoons, 1981, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, . Mordillo: Giraffenparade Cartoons, 1982, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, München, Germany, . Opus V, 1983, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, Hamburg - München, Germany (88-page hardcover French edition 1984, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France). Mordillo Football Cartoons, 1984, (with foreword by Pelé). Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Eckbälle und Zwischenfälle, 1985, Eulenspiegel Verlag, Berlin. Mordillo Lovestory, 1985, (with foreword by Jane Birkin). Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France. Also published as: Mordillo Lovestory,1987, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, Germany, . Mordillo Blick zurück nach vorn, 1985, Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Mordillo Golf, 1987, (with foreword by Roberto De Vicenzo). Century Hutchinson, London, Great Britain, printed in Italy by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as: Mordillo Golf,1987, (with foreword by Roberto De Vicenzo). Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, Germany, . Mordillo Golf,1987, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, Germany, . Mordillo Safari, 1990, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, Germany, . Also published as: Mordillo Safari, French edition 1990, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France. Mordillo Deine Sterne Das grosse Geburtstagsbuch, 1992, Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg Germany, Mordillo Cartoons, 1992, (with foreword by Gerhard Kaufmann). Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Mordillo Amore Amore, 1994, (with foreword by Giovanni Mariotti). Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Amore Amore, 1994, (with foreword by Giovanni Mariotti). Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Deportistas (For Sportsmen), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für Sportler, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Enamorados (For Lovers), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für Verliebte, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Matrimonios (For Marriages), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo zur Hochzeit, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Superhombres (For Supermen), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für den tollen Mann, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Supermujeres (For Superwomen), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für die tolle Frau, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Las Vacaciones (For The Holidays), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für Urlauber, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Hinchas (For Sports Fans), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo Für Fussballfans!, 1997, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Parejas (For Couples), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo Für Das Leben Zu Zweit! (Für Paare), 1997, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany. . Mordillo Para Triunfadores (For Winners), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo Für Erfolgreiche! (Für Sieger), 1997, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany . Mordillo Para Gente con Perro (For Dog People), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für Hundefreunde, 1997, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Zusammen! (Together!), 2003, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Munchen, Germany, . Mordillo Eine Liebesgeschichte, 2005, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Starke Frauen, 2006, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Tolle Männer, 2006, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Alles Gute!, 2007, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo für Golfer, 2007, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo zur Hochzeit, 2008, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo für Fussballer, 2010, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Auf die Liebe!, 2012, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Inselcartoons, 2012, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Awards 1969 Silver Medal at the V International Biennale of humorous designs at Tolentino 1971 Loisirs Jeunes Award, Paris 1971 Critici En Herba Award, Bologna, for the children's book Pirate ship 1972 Silver Medal of the first International Festival of Humorous Designs in Sarajevo 1973 Phénix de l'Humour, Paris 1974 Association of Argentine Designers Award 1976 El Gaucho Award, Köln 1976 Nakamori Award, Tokyo, for the children's book Crazy Cowboy 1977 Best Cartoonist of the year at the Salon International de l'Humour in Montreal 1977 Palme d'Or at the 31st International Festival of the Humor of Bordighera 1983 Palme d'Or at the 36th International Festival of the Humor of Bordighera 1985 Andersen Award at Sestri Levante 1995 Gold Medal at the 18th International Tolentino Fair of Humour References Mordillo on Bedetheque Footnotes External links Mordillo official site Mordillo official webstore Mordillo Puzzle List Lambiek Comiclopedia biographical article. 1932 births Argentine cartoonists Argentine comics artists Argentine animators Argentine animated film directors Argentine animated film producers Argentine surrealist artists 2019 deaths People from Buenos Aires Argentine people of Spanish descent

<mask> (4 August 1932 – 29 June 2019), known simply as <mask>, was an Argentine creator of cartoons and animations and was one of the most widely published cartoonists of the 1970s. He is most famous for his humorous, colorful, surreal and wordless depictions of love, sports (in particular soccer and golf), and long-necked animals. From 1976 to 1981, <mask>'s cartoons were used by Slovenian artist Miki Muster to create Mordillo, a series of 400 short animations (300 min) that were later presented at Cannes and bought by television studios from 30 countries. Biography The son of Spanish parents, <mask> spent his childhood in Villa Pueyrredón in Buenos Aires, where he had an early interest in drawing. In 1948 he obtained the certificate of Illustrator from the School of Journalism. Two years later, while continuing to study, as part of the animation team Burone Bruch he illustrated children's stories (Tales of Perrault Tales of Schmid, The Musicians of Bremen and The Three Little Pigs) edited by Codex. In 1952 he co-founded Galas Studios, dedicated to the production of animations.Meanwhile, he continued to develop his career as an illustrator and published some strips in local magazines. On 7 November 1955, he moved to Lima, Peru, where he worked as a freelance designer for the advertising company McCann Erickson. In 1958 Aesop's Fables illustrated and Samaniego for Editorial Iberia Lima. After having done greeting-card illustrations for the Kansas City-based Hallmark Cards, he left for the United States in 1960. When there he was employed by Paramount Pictures Studios in New York. Part of the performance of the film in two globally significant characters: Popeye and Little Lulu and creates two characters for the short film Trick for tree. Three years later, on 20 August his life changed direction again.This time he travelled to Europe, arriving in Paris on 19 September. There, he worked at first humorous letters to Mic-Max Edition. In July 1966 he began to collaborate with the magazine Le Pelerin and shortly after doing the same in Paris Match. Two years later, his work started being printed in publications from other parts of the world, most notably Germany's Stern. In Paris he met his wife Amparo Camarasa, marrying in 1969. They have two children: Sebastian Jerome (1970) and Cecile Isabelle (1972). In 1980 he moved to Mallorca, Spain, and was named President of the International Association of Authors of Comics and Cartoons (CFIA) based in Geneva, Switzerland.After 18 years in Spain, he returned to France in 1998. The following year he participated in the Creative Workshop Zermatt, Switzerland. In 2007 he experimented with new materials: acrylics, pastels and crayons. The following year he performed with Art Petrus a series of reproductions of pictures in high definition. Also that year he sold a numbered and autographed internet publication, Mordillo Collection. He resided in Monaco. Bibliography The Damp and Daffy Doings of a Daring Pirate Ship, 1971, Harlin Quist Inc., New York, USA.Also published as Le Galion, 1970, Harlin Quist, Paris, France; All' Arrembaggio!, 1971, Emme Edizione, Milano, Italy; Das Piratenschiff, 1971, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany; Soroverskibet, Host et Son, Copenhagen, Denmark; O Barco Dos Piratas, Publicacoes Dom Quixote, Lisboa. The Collected Cartoons of <mask>, (with foreword by John Bailey), 1971, Crown Publishers, New York, USA. Also published as Der Grosse Mordillo, 1974, foreword by Manfred Schmidt, Verlag Gerhard Stalling AG, Oldenburg and Hamburg, Germany, . Crazy Cowboy, 1972, Harlin Quist Inc., New York, USA. Also published under the same title by Harlin Quist, Paris; Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, and Emme Edizioni, Milano. Das Giraffenbuch, 1973, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, . Also published as: Toutes Les Giraffes, 1983, all-color hardcover, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France.Das Giraffenbuch II, 1974, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, . Crazy Crazy Das Dschungelbuch, 1974, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany. Grosse Pläne kleine Steine, 1975, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München, Germany. <mask>'s Träumereien - und andere wunderliche Geschichten, 1975, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, . Der kleine Mordillo, 1976, Verlag Gerhard Stalling AG, Oldenburg and Hamburg, Germany, . Opus I, 1976, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, München, Germany, 88-page softcover, Weltbild Verlag, printed in Italy, . Opus I, 1976, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, München, Germany, 88-page hardcover, Oli Verlag N.V. Verlag, printed in Germany, .carton No 5 (Mordillo) - Les Cahiers du Dessin D'Humour, 1976, Edition Glenat, France. Mordillo: Cartoons zum Verlieben, 1977, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, München, Germany, unter Lizenz von Verlag Gerhard Stalling AG, Oldenburg and Hamburg, Germany . Opus II, 1978, (with foreword by Marcel Marceau). Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München, Germany, 88-page softcover, Weltbild Verlag, printed in Italy, . Opus II, 1978, (with foreword by Marcel Marceau). Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München, Germany, 88-page hardcover, Weltbild Verlag, printed in Italy. Opus III, 1978, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München, Germany (44-page hardcover French edition 1980, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France; 88-page softcover Italian edition 1983, Weltbild Verlag, printed in Italy), .Opus III, 1983, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, München/Hamburg, Germany 88-page hardcover, . Opus IV, 1978, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, Hamburg - München, Germany (44-page hardcover French edition 1982, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France ). Wie eine Jungfrau entsteht, 1978, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, München and Hamburg, Germany, . La Coppia, 1979, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Mordillo Giraffenparade, 1980, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Variationen über das menschliche Wesen Cartoons, 1980, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, . Mordillo Football, 1981, (with foreword by Pelé).Century Hutchinson, London, Great Britain. French edition 1981, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France. Also published as: Mordillo Football, 1981, (with foreword by Pelé). Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Neue Variationen über das menschliche Wesen Cartoons, 1981, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, . Mordillo: Giraffenparade Cartoons, 1982, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, München, Germany, . Opus V, 1983, Friedrich W.Heye Verlag GmbH, Hamburg - München, Germany (88-page hardcover French edition 1984, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France).Mordillo Football Cartoons, 1984, (with foreword by Pelé). Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Eckbälle und Zwischenfälle, 1985, Eulenspiegel Verlag, Berlin. Mordillo Lovestory, 1985, (with foreword by Jane Birkin). Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France. Also published as: Mordillo Lovestory,1987, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, Germany, . Mordillo Blick zurück nach vorn, 1985, Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg, Germany, .Mordillo Golf, 1987, (with foreword by Roberto De Vicenzo). Century Hutchinson, London, Great Britain, printed in Italy by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as: Mordillo Golf,1987, (with foreword by Roberto De Vicenzo). Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, Germany, . Mordillo Golf,1987, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, Germany, . Mordillo Safari, 1990, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, München, Germany, . Also published as: Mordillo Safari, French edition 1990, Editions Glénat, Grenoble, France.Mordillo Deine Sterne Das grosse Geburtstagsbuch, 1992, Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg Germany, Mordillo Cartoons, 1992, (with foreword by Gerhard Kaufmann). Wilhelm Heye Verlag, München and Hamburg, Germany, . Mordillo Amore Amore, 1994, (with foreword by Giovanni Mariotti). Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Amore Amore, 1994, (with foreword by Giovanni Mariotti). Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Deportistas (For Sportsmen), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy.Also published as Mordillo für Sportler, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Enamorados (For Lovers), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für Verliebte, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Matrimonios (For Marriages), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo zur Hochzeit, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Superhombres (For Supermen), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für den tollen Mann, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, .Mordillo Para Supermujeres (For Superwomen), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für die tolle Frau, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Las Vacaciones (For The Holidays), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für Urlauber, 1995, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Hinchas (For Sports Fans), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo Für Fussballfans!, 1997, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Para Parejas (For Couples), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy.Also published as Mordillo Für Das Leben Zu Zweit! (Für Paare), 1997, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany. . Mordillo Para Triunfadores (For Winners), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo Für Erfolgreiche! (Für Sieger), 1997, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany . Mordillo Para Gente con Perro (For Dog People), 1997, Editions Glénat, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy. Also published as Mordillo für Hundefreunde, 1997, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Zusammen!(Together! ), 2003, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Munchen, Germany, . Mordillo Eine Liebesgeschichte, 2005, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Starke Frauen, 2006, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Tolle Männer, 2006, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Alles Gute!, 2007, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo für Golfer, 2007, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, .Mordillo zur Hochzeit, 2008, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo für Fussballer, 2010, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Auf die Liebe!, 2012, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Mordillo Inselcartoons, 2012, Lappan Verlag GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany, . Awards 1969 Silver Medal at the V International Biennale of humorous designs at Tolentino 1971 Loisirs Jeunes Award, Paris 1971 Critici En Herba Award, Bologna, for the children's book Pirate ship 1972 Silver Medal of the first International Festival of Humorous Designs in Sarajevo 1973 Phénix de l'Humour, Paris 1974 Association of Argentine Designers Award 1976 El Gaucho Award, Köln 1976 Nakamori Award, Tokyo, for the children's book Crazy Cowboy 1977 Best Cartoonist of the year at the Salon International de l'Humour in Montreal 1977 Palme d'Or at the 31st International Festival of the Humor of Bordighera 1983 Palme d'Or at the 36th International Festival of the Humor of Bordighera 1985 Andersen Award at Sestri Levante 1995 Gold Medal at the 18th International Tolentino Fair of Humour References Mordillo on Bedetheque Footnotes External links Mordillo official site Mordillo official webstore Mordillo Puzzle List Lambiek Comiclopedia biographical article. 1932 births Argentine cartoonists Argentine comics artists Argentine animators Argentine animated film directors Argentine animated film producers Argentine surrealist artists 2019 deaths People from Buenos Aires Argentine people of Spanish descent

One of the most widely published cartoonists of the 1970s was the Argentine creator of cartoons and animations, known as <mask>. He is best known for his depictions of love, sports, and long-necked animals. <mask>'s cartoons were used by Muster to create a series of 400 short animations that were bought by television studios from 30 countries. The son of Spanish parents, <mask> had an interest in drawing when he was a child. He obtained a certificate from the School of Journalism. As part of the animation team Burone Bruch, he illustrated children's stories, which were edited by Codex. Galas Studios was dedicated to the production of animations.He continued to develop his career as an illustrator and published some strips in local magazines. On November 7, 1955, he moved to Arequipa, Arequipa, where he worked as a designer for the advertising company. Samaniego and Aesop's fables were illustrations for an editorial. He left the United States in 1960 after doing greeting-card illustrations. He worked at Paramount Pictures Studios in New York. Part of the performance of the film in two globally significant characters: Popeye and Little Lulu and creates two characters for the short film Trick for tree. His life changed again on 20 August.He arrived in Paris on September 19th. He worked at the first humorous letters. He collaborated with the magazine Le Pelerin and Paris Match in the summer of 1966. His work began to be printed in publications from other parts of the world after two years. He met his wife in Paris. They have two children. He moved to Mallorca, Spain in 1980 and became the President of the International Association of Authors of Comics and Cartoons.He returned to France after 18 years in Spain. He participated in a workshop in Switzerland. He was experimenting with new materials in 2007. He performed a series of reproductions of pictures in high definition. He sold a numbered and signed internet publication. He lived in Monaco. The Damp and Daffy Doings of a Daring Pirate ship was published in 1971.Also published as Le Galion, 1970, Harlin Quist, Paris, France. The Collected Cartoons of Mordillo was published in 1971 by Crown Publishers. The book was also published as der Grosse Mordillo in 1974. The Crazy Cowboy is from New York. The same title was also published by Harlin Quist, Paris. Insel Verlag, Frankfurt, Germany, published Das Giraffenbuch in 1973. Toutes Les Giraffes, 1983, all-color hardcover, was also published.The 1974 edition of Das Giraffenbuch II was published in Germany. Crazy Crazy Das Dschungelbuch was published in 1974. Grosse plne kleine Steine was published in 1975. There is a book called <mask>'s Trumereien - und andere wunderliche Geschichten. The kleine Mordillo was published in 1976. The softcover of the book was printed in Italy. The book was printed in Germany.carton No 5 is from the 1976 edition of Les Cahiers du Dessin D'Humour. The cartoons zum Verlieben were published in 1977. The second edition of the book, "Opus II", was written in 1978. The softcover of Friedrich W.Heye Verlag was printed in Italy. The second edition of the book, "Opus II", was written in 1978. The 88-page hardcover was printed in Italy. The French edition was published in 1980, the Italian edition was published in 1983, and the German edition was published in 1978.The 86-page hardcover is from Friedrich W.Heye Verlag. The French edition of Opus IV was published in 1982. Friedrich W.Heye Verlag, Mnchen and Hamburg, Germany, was founded in 1978. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore is in Milano, Italy. Mordillo Giraffenparade was published in 1980 by Friedrich W.Heye Verlag. Variationen ber das menschliche Wesen cartoons, 1980. The Mordillo Football was written by Pelé.Century Hutchinson is in London, Great Britain. The 1981 edition of Glénat is in France. In 1981 it was also published as: Mordillo Football. Wilhelm Heye Verlag is located in Mnchen and Hamburg, Germany. Friedrich W.Heye ber das menschliche Wesen Cartoons was published in 1981 in Germany. The giraffenparade cartoons were published in 1982. The French edition of Opus V was published in 1984.The Mordillo Football cartoons were published in 1984. Wilhelm Heye Verlag is located in Mnchen and Hamburg, Germany. Eulenspiegel Verlag, Berlin, was founded in 1985. The Mordillo Lovestory was written by Jane Birkin. The Editions Glénat is in France. The book was also published as: Mordillo Lovestory. Mnchen and Hamburg, Germany, are home to the Wilhelm Heye Verlag.The golf book was written by Roberto De Vicenzo. Century Hutchinson was printed in Italy by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. The book was also published as: Mordillo Golf. Mnchen, Germany, is where the Wilhelm Heyne Verlag is located. Mnchen, Germany, is where the Mordillo Golf was written. Mnchen, Germany, is home to the Wilhelm Heyne Verlag. The French edition of Mordillo Safari was published in 1990.The title of the book is Mordillo Deine Sterne Das grosse Geburtstagsbuch. Wilhelm Heye Verlag is located in Mnchen and Hamburg, Germany. The title of the book is Mordillo Amore Amore, 1994. The Editore is in Milano, Italy. Amore Amore was published in 1994. Oldenburg, Germany, is home to the Lappan Verlag. The 1997 edition of Mordillo Para Deportistas (For Sportsmen) was edited by Arnoldo Mondadori.In 1995 it was published as Mordillo fr Sportler. The 1997 edition of Mordillo Para Enamorados (For Lovers) was edited by Arnoldo Mondadori. In 1995 it was published as Mordillo fr Verliebte. The 1997 edition of Mordillo Para Matrimonios was edited by Arnoldo Mondadori. In 1995 it was published as Mordillo zur Hochzeit. The 1997 edition of Mordillo Para Superhombres was edited by Arnoldo Mondadori. Also published as Mordillo fr den tollen Mann.The 1997 edition of Mordillo Para Supermujeres was edited by Arnoldo Mondadori. In 1995 it was published as Mordillo fr die tolle Frau. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano, Italy, was the editor of the 1997 edition of Mordillo Para Las Vacaciones. In 1995 it was published as Mordillo fr Urlauber. The 1997 edition of Editions Glénat was edited by Arnoldo Mondadori. The book was also published as Mordillo Fr Fussballfans! The 1997 edition of Mordillo Para Parejas (For Couples) was edited by Arnoldo Mondadori.It was also published as Mordillo Fr Das Leben Zu Zweit! (Fr Paare), 1997, Lappan Verlag, Oldenburg, Germany. It was also published as Mordillo Fr Erfolgreiche. Fr Sieger was published in 1997 in Oldenburg, Germany. The 1997 edition of Mordillo Para Gente con Perro was edited by Arnoldo Mondadori. In 1997 it was published as Mordillo fr Hundefreunde. Zusammen!Together! In 2003 there was a Lappan Verlag GmbH in Germany. The 2005 edition of Mordillo Eine Liebesgeschichte is located in Oldenburg, Germany. Mordillo Starke Frauen was published in 2006 in Oldenburg, Germany. The 2006 edition of Mordillo Tolle Mnner is located in Oldenburg, Germany. There is a book called Mordillo Alles Gute!, 2007, which is located in Oldenburg, Germany. Mordillo fr Golfer is located in Oldenburg, Germany.Oldenburg, Germany, is home to the Lappan Verlag. Mordillo fr Fussballer is located in Oldenburg, Germany. The 2012 edition of Mordillo Auf die Liebe! is located in Oldenburg, Germany. The 2012 edition of Mordillo Inselcartoons is located in Oldenburg, Germany. The Silver medal of the first International Festival of Humorous Designs in Sarajevo was given to the author of the children's book Pirate ship. Argentine people of Spanish descent have deaths from 1932 to 2019.

65693862

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathollah%20Minbashian

Fathollah Minbashian

Fathollah Minbashian (7 August 1916 – 5 July 2007) was an Iranian general. He served in the Iranian army from 1938 to 1972, reaching the rank of four-star general as Commander of the Imperial Iranian Ground Forces (1969-1972), during the reign of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Family Fathollah Minbashian came from a family of military musicians, who contributed to the emergence of classical music in Iran. His grandfather Gholam Reza Minbashian (Salar Mo'azez) was a pioneer in the history of classical Western music in Iran. He is recognised as the first Iranian to have received an education in classical music, and to have studied music abroad, and whose work was published in Europe. He was also the first Iranian to have taught classical music in Iran, and he created Iran's first string orchestra. Among other compositions, Gholam Reza Minbashian wrote the music of the national anthem of Iran’s Constitutionalist Revolution, entitled “Sublime State of Iran” (Dowlat-e Elliye-ye Irān - دولت علیّه ایران). Fathollah Minbashian's father, Nasrollah Minbashian, entered the Saint Petersburg Conservatory at 13, for a period of seven years. On returning to Iran, he joined the Persian Cossack Brigade, in which he served throughout is career, finally reaching the rank of Brigadier General. Nasrollah succeeded his father (Gholam Reza) at the head of the army’s musical orchestra, while also directing its music school. Nasrollah Minbashian held these posts until 1935, while teaching several instruments which he had mastered: the piano, the violin, the cello. Fathollah Minbashian's uncle Gholam-Hossein Minbashian (1907-1980) studied at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin and Geneva. He was a pupil of Robert Mendelsohn. On returning to Iran in 1932, he joined the Military Academy, and took on the directorship of the music conservatory music in 1934. He founded and directed Iran’s first symphony orchestra, the “Baladieh” orchestra, the Tehran Symphony Orchestra. Early life and education Fathollah Minbashian attended a Zoroastrian school until the age of 14. In Part 1 of his military memoires, he describes his patriotic fervour, which in 1930 led him to volunteer to go to the military high school (Madrasseh Nezam), against his father's wishes. He remained there until 1936. From high school onwards and throughout this period he played football, becoming the first goalkeeper of Iran’s national team “Tadj”, for ten years and so acquired great popularity. Advanced studies in the United States and Iran Fathollah Minbashian was 20 years old when he entered the Military Academy (Daneshgadeh Afsari) in the same class as Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iran’s Crown Prince. He left it as an officer in 1938, coincidentally the day of his father’s death. Between 1938 and 1940, he was an officer cadet and then second-lieutenant, commanding the NCOs’ training school. In 1944 he became a lieutenant, and he then passed the exam for the US Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, and having been promoted captain, he went to the United States with his wife. At the end of his studies, Fathollah Minbashian returned to Iran, entering War School. He graduated top of his class, and became a major. He returned to the United States in 1951, as the Americans had qualified him to go to their war school, the Command and General Staff College of the US Army at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Again, he was top of his class, and he was offered to join the US army, but refused and returned to Iran. In 1970, while on an official visit to the United States as Commander of the Imperial Iranian Ground Forces, General Minbashian received the US Legion of Merit. Military career and military operations Once in Iran again, he devoted his career to building up a modern army. According to several officers' testimonies reported in the Nima monthly journal in August 2007 (including the Shah's former Chief of Staff General Fereydoun Djam), two objectives guided his military thinking throughout his life: the defence of the Persian Gulf because he rightly feared invasion of Iran by Iraq, and the provision of a decent life for the army’s soldiers and NCOs, usually from very modest backgrounds. He has also been acknowledged for having contributed to the modernisation of Iran's ground forces. In 1954, he was promoted to colonel at the head of Iran’s Military Academy where he developed new methods of instruction, based especially on “management by motivation”. He reorganised the Academy and student discipline, and having become a brigadier general in 1958, he was appointed to the command of the First Brigade of Tehran. In 1961, he was appointed commander of the Mashad Army with the rank of major general. He was therefore stationed in the holy town of Mashad during the 1963 demonstrations. According to French Wikipedia, these protests were critical of the Shah’s reformist White Revolution which in particular ended feudal landownership in Iran as part of a land reform programme, and gave women the right to vote. In Part 2 of his military memoirs (Section 35), Minbashian recounts the arrest of Ayathollah Qomi who was responsible for disorders in Mashad. According to Minbashian’s account, he received the order to arrest Qomi and send him to Tehran, and he described how he organised this arrest “without any bloodshed, and without the least deployment force or military action". In 1965, he was promoted to lieutenant general, and Commander of the Third Army in Fars. Summoned by the Shah, he was ordered to provide the army’s logistical support to the regional Gendarmerie in the arrest of Bahman Gashgai. The latter had become the leader of a rebellion of the tribes in Fars, against the Shah’s land reforms. Gashgai was accused of having killed eight gendarmes. According to his own account, Minbashian advocated using anti-guerrilla tactics based on “military civic action”. In Section 38 of his military memoires, he recounts the context of this arrest and the strategy put in place so that the rebels laid down their arms and surrendered of their own will. This strategy consisted, first, of cutting the rebels off from their sources of supply, and secondly, from carrying out civic actions among tribal peoples to improve their living conditions and to get them to dissociate themselves from rebels. Being isolated, and following negotiations with the Minister of the Court of the Shah, Assadollah Alam, Bahman Gashgai surrendered himself to Alam, on the condition his life would be spared. Alam then accompanied Gashgai to Tehran, yet later handed him over to the Gendarmerie. They in turn put Gashgai on trial and executed him for the murders of eight gendarmes. A cousin of Bahman Gashgai and a comrade in arms, Iraj Kashkouli, gave an account of their saga in his own memoirs. Here he said that he “suspected” Minbashian of having had a role in this execution. Minbashian always denied this, stating that the army under his command played no role in the execution. His task had only been to provide logistical assistance to the Gendarmerie, the only actors in the field. Minbashian specified that during his entire military career none of his missions “led to the slightest bloodshed”. Joint Operation Arvand Rud In April 1969, while he was Commander of the Imperial Ground Forces, Minbashian was assigned to deal with border tensions with Iraq, which, had they degenerated could have set the entire region ablaze, as history subsequently showed. Joint Operation Arvand Rud was conducted by Iran’s three armed services: the navy, the air force and the army, under the command General Minbashian, who recounts the details of this operation in his military memoirs. The conflict arose out of a decision by Mohammad Reza Shah to stop paying tolls to Iraq for the use of Arvand Rud river to the Persian Gulf, and so access the sea for Iranian ships, under a treaty signed in 1937, drafted in the light of British influence, and which favoured Iraq. This river traces a border of 200 km between the two countries, and its width varies between 200 and 800 meters. The Iranian cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr (with their oil installations) and the Iraqi city of Basra are located along the river. Iraq claimed sovereignty over the river (called Shatt al-Arab in Arabic) and threatened to block the passage of ships not flying the Iraqi flag. Minbashian organised a show of military force to intimidate the Iraqis. He personally overflew the river in a helicopter, entering Iraqi airspace, at risk to his life, to show that he would not retreat under any circumstances, threatening the Iraqi forces amassed along the river with retaliation if they opened fire. Thus, on 22 April 1969, the Iranian merchant ship Ebn-e-Sina bearing the Iranian flag and escorted by two warships of the Imperial Navy under the command of Captain Ataï, and a squadron F4 Phantom jets of Imperial Airforce under the command of General Nader Jahanbani (a highly distinguished Iranian fighter pilot) passed down the river for six hours, to the Persian Gulf, without any resistance by Iraqi forces. The 1937 treaty was thus abrogated and Iran took control of its side of the Arvand Rud. Relieved from command In 1971, Fathollah Minbashian learned of his forced retirement as Commander of the Imperial Ground Forces through the press. This decision of the Shah of Iran to dismiss him was variously commented, and can be explained by a combination of three factors. The first was based on an analysis given by Alidad Mafinezam and Aria Mehrabi in Iran and Its Place Among Nations, in which the authors explain that one of the weaknesses of the Shah was his personal insecurity and inability to delegate responsibilities, especially military, to the high dignitaries of his army. The fact of having removed the three pillars that formed the military backbone of his regime (General Minbashian, Commander of the Ground Forces; General Jam, Chief-of-Staff; and the accidental death of General Khatami, the Air Force Commander) during the decade preceding the Revolution in 1979, was (according to these authors), a decisive factor in the downfall of the regime. These three generals were military professionals, highly educated and experienced, as well as being genuine patriots who had a high opinion of their roles and refused to be puppets or valets. The Shah envied their popularity and their competence: “one of the Shah's key weaknesses was his abiding envy toward eminence in others, even among his military's top brass, who constituted the backbone of his regime". The second factor leading to Fathollah Minbashian’s dismissal was his constant concern and insistence with the Shah about creating a decent life for the soldiers and the non-commissioned officers of the army, from poor backgrounds. Various commentators including the Minister of the Court of Shah Mr. Asadollah Alam, reported a dispute between Minbashian and Finance Minister Jamshid Amouzegar during winter of 1970 about increases in military spending, including the possibility of sending officers and NCOs to Western hospitals when care was not available in Iran. Minbashian allegedly stated that what he was asking for was a mere drop in the ocean of the luxurious spending by Princess Ashraf (the Shah’s influential twin sister). The third, most important factor was Minbashian’s opposition to the fatalism concerning “tie-in contracts” imposed by Western arms’ sellers. On this subject, Minbashian related in much detail his row with the British Chief-of-Staff, three days before his dismissal. This dispute concerned the purchase and maintenance of British Chieftain tanks by the Iranian army, and the loss of £60 million Minbashian caused to the British, because Minbashian claimed that the British were in breach of contract by not maintaining the tanks which had become inoperable.. Later, Minbashian stated on numerous occasions that he had been sacked by the Shah for his professionalism, his straight talking, and because of British pressure as he threatened their arms transactions and economic interests in Iran. Sports and cultural activities He had practiced soccer in his youth quasi-professionally as he was the first and very popular goalkeeper of the national football team of Iran. In 1942, he was in the Iran national football team which defeated the British Army XI Football team in a friendly game by 1-0. Fathollah Minbashian practiced many other sports including swimming, the horseback riding, tennis and skiing. In the 1960s, he even published a self-teaching ski guide (Khod amouz eeski) comprising many diagrams. Like his two brothers Nemat and Ezatollah (who changed his name to Mehrdad Pahlbod when he married one of the Shah's sisters) Fathollah Minbashian was fond of music. An amateur violinist and poet, he was also a cinephile. He had a great passion for films by Norman Wisdom and Fernandel, which he dubbed in Persian. Together with his brother Nemat, he wrote the first Iranian tangos and had them recorded on vinyl records. These were released by the private Persian record label "Delbar", and were recorded and manufactured in Mumbai (formerly Bombay). Some of his poems have been adapted to music by his nephew Sepehr and sung by his sister Anvar; . His love for the Persian civilisation was expressed spectacularly during the festive military parade that were part of international celebrations of the 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire, a parade he organised with his brother Mehrdad, who was Minister of Culture. This parade used the costumes and musical instruments of Cyrus the Great’s Achaemenid. Years in exile General Minbashian left Iran in 1972 after his dismissal at the age of 55, and moved to France. He turned down the Shah’s subsequent offer to appoint him as an Ambassador, as well as some private business proposals. In 1981, following the start of the Iran-Iraq War launched by Saddam Hussein, a strong sense of patriotism prompted him to send a long telegram to the head of the Iranian armed forces to offer his services, as he knew by heart every inch of the border between the two countries, and as he had much planned an Iranian repost against a possible invasion by Iraq. The Islamic Republic of Iran replied to his offer by publishing in the Journal Mizan date 13 November 1980 a “summons by the Revolutionary Court to report to Evin Prison to answer the charge of having worked for the loss of the country’s wealth in favour of foreign powers”. Ironically, the Islamic Tribunal thus invoked exactly the opposite reason for which he was fired by the Shah, namely that he had resisted foreign interests operating in Iran. This made him a political refugee in France, where he suffered a pulmonary embolism, followed a number of years later by a stroke, which left him condemned to his room for the last 15 years of his life. He died on 5 July 2007, and is buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris. References Bibliography Jasim M. Abdulghani, Iraq and Iran (RLE Iran A). Taylor & Francis. (2012). p. 121. ISBN 9781136834264. The Advocate-Messenger,"Iranian Ship Challenges Iraq Estuary", p. 16, 27 April 1969, consulted 26 October 2017. Gholam Reza Afkhami, The life and times of the Shah, University of California Press, 2009. Asadollah Alam, Diaries, Vol VI (1355-1356/1976/1977) [Persian language] (English and Arabic Edition). BBC Persian, Press release by BBC, biography of General Fathollah Minbashian. James Buchan, Days of God, The Revolution in Ian and Its Consequences, London, John Murray (Publishers), 2012. Alidad Mafinezam and Aria Mehrabi: Iran and its place among nations-pillars of nation building and regional stability. Westport Conn, London, Praeger, 2008. Fathollah Minbashian, Military memoirs, Interview recorded by Dr Habib Ladjevardi, 1st December 1981, Cagnes-Sur-Mer, France. Iranian Oral History Collection, Harvard University. Habibollah Nassirifar, The Men of Traditional Music and Modern Iran, 1993, Sanani, حبیباللهٔ نصیری فرـ مردان موسیقی سنتی و نوین ایران چاپ اول سال ۱۳۷۲. Nima, “Biography and hommage to General Fathollah Minbashian”, No 158, 15 August 2007, - نیما شمار۱۵۸ه مرداد ماه ۱۳۸۶ Sadjad Pourghanad, Gholam Reza Khan Minbashian, a pioneer in Iranian music, transalated by Mahboube Khalvati, 01/10/2019. Rahavard Persian Journal Jahangir Shamsavari, 7 July 2007, consulted 15 March 2021. Ali Taghipour, History of the Music Conservatory in Iran 1918-2018, limited edition published for the centenary of the Music Conservatory, Tehran, 2018,اریخ موسیقی هنرستان ۱۲۹۷ـ ۱۳۹۷ علی تقی پور چاپ سال۱۳۹۷ "Dialogue With General Hassani Sadi", in Negin-e-Iran (in Persian), 3 (9): 8–40, Summer 2004, archived. Nikolas Stürchler, The Threat of Force in International Law, Cambridge University Press. (2007). p. 202. ISBN 9781139464918. Charles P. Wallace: "Iran, Iraq Still Fail to Bridge Waterway Dispute", in The Los Angeles Times, 19 August 1988, consulted 15 March 2021. Steven R. Ward, Immortal,: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces, Updated Edition Georgetown University Press. (2014). p. 202. ISBN 9781626160651. 1916 births 2007 deaths People from Tehran Imperial Iranian Armed Forces four-star generals

<mask> (7 August 1916 – 5 July 2007) was an Iranian general. He served in the Iranian army from 1938 to 1972, reaching the rank of four-star general as Commander of the Imperial Iranian Ground Forces (1969-1972), during the reign of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Family <mask> came from a family of military musicians, who contributed to the emergence of classical music in Iran. His grandfather <mask> (Salar Mo'azez) was a pioneer in the history of classical Western music in Iran. He is recognised as the first Iranian to have received an education in classical music, and to have studied music abroad, and whose work was published in Europe. He was also the first Iranian to have taught classical music in Iran, and he created Iran's first string orchestra. Among other compositions, <mask> wrote the music of the national anthem of Iran’s Constitutionalist Revolution, entitled “Sublime State of Iran” (Dowlat-e Elliye-ye Irān - دولت علیّه ایران).<mask> <mask>'s father, Nasrollah <mask>, entered the Saint Petersburg Conservatory at 13, for a period of seven years. On returning to Iran, he joined the Persian Cossack Brigade, in which he served throughout is career, finally reaching the rank of Brigadier General. Nasrollah succeeded his father (Gholam Reza) at the head of the army’s musical orchestra, while also directing its music school. Nasrollah <mask> held these posts until 1935, while teaching several instruments which he had mastered: the piano, the violin, the cello. <mask> <mask>'s uncle Gholam-Hossein <mask> (1907-1980) studied at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin and Geneva. He was a pupil of Robert Mendelsohn. On returning to Iran in 1932, he joined the Military Academy, and took on the directorship of the music conservatory music in 1934.He founded and directed Iran’s first symphony orchestra, the “Baladieh” orchestra, the Tehran Symphony Orchestra. Early life and education <mask> <mask> attended a Zoroastrian school until the age of 14. In Part 1 of his military memoires, he describes his patriotic fervour, which in 1930 led him to volunteer to go to the military high school (Madrasseh Nezam), against his father's wishes. He remained there until 1936. From high school onwards and throughout this period he played football, becoming the first goalkeeper of Iran’s national team “Tadj”, for ten years and so acquired great popularity. Advanced studies in the United States and Iran <mask> <mask> was 20 years old when he entered the Military Academy (Daneshgadeh Afsari) in the same class as Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iran’s Crown Prince. He left it as an officer in 1938, coincidentally the day of his father’s death.Between 1938 and 1940, he was an officer cadet and then second-lieutenant, commanding the NCOs’ training school. In 1944 he became a lieutenant, and he then passed the exam for the US Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, and having been promoted captain, he went to the United States with his wife. At the end of his studies, <mask> <mask> returned to Iran, entering War School. He graduated top of his class, and became a major. He returned to the United States in 1951, as the Americans had qualified him to go to their war school, the Command and General Staff College of the US Army at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Again, he was top of his class, and he was offered to join the US army, but refused and returned to Iran. In 1970, while on an official visit to the United States as Commander of the Imperial Iranian Ground Forces, General <mask> received the US Legion of Merit.Military career and military operations Once in Iran again, he devoted his career to building up a modern army. According to several officers' testimonies reported in the Nima monthly journal in August 2007 (including the Shah's former Chief of Staff General Fereydoun Djam), two objectives guided his military thinking throughout his life: the defence of the Persian Gulf because he rightly feared invasion of Iran by Iraq, and the provision of a decent life for the army’s soldiers and NCOs, usually from very modest backgrounds. He has also been acknowledged for having contributed to the modernisation of Iran's ground forces. In 1954, he was promoted to colonel at the head of Iran’s Military Academy where he developed new methods of instruction, based especially on “management by motivation”. He reorganised the Academy and student discipline, and having become a brigadier general in 1958, he was appointed to the command of the First Brigade of Tehran. In 1961, he was appointed commander of the Mashad Army with the rank of major general. He was therefore stationed in the holy town of Mashad during the 1963 demonstrations.According to French Wikipedia, these protests were critical of the Shah’s reformist White Revolution which in particular ended feudal landownership in Iran as part of a land reform programme, and gave women the right to vote. In Part 2 of his military memoirs (Section 35), <mask> recounts the arrest of Ayathollah Qomi who was responsible for disorders in Mashad. According to <mask>’s account, he received the order to arrest Qomi and send him to Tehran, and he described how he organised this arrest “without any bloodshed, and without the least deployment force or military action". In 1965, he was promoted to lieutenant general, and Commander of the Third Army in Fars. Summoned by the Shah, he was ordered to provide the army’s logistical support to the regional Gendarmerie in the arrest of Bahman Gashgai. The latter had become the leader of a rebellion of the tribes in Fars, against the Shah’s land reforms. Gashgai was accused of having killed eight gendarmes.According to his own account, <mask> advocated using anti-guerrilla tactics based on “military civic action”. In Section 38 of his military memoires, he recounts the context of this arrest and the strategy put in place so that the rebels laid down their arms and surrendered of their own will. This strategy consisted, first, of cutting the rebels off from their sources of supply, and secondly, from carrying out civic actions among tribal peoples to improve their living conditions and to get them to dissociate themselves from rebels. Being isolated, and following negotiations with the Minister of the Court of the Shah, Assadollah Alam, Bahman Gashgai surrendered himself to Alam, on the condition his life would be spared. Alam then accompanied Gashgai to Tehran, yet later handed him over to the Gendarmerie. They in turn put Gashgai on trial and executed him for the murders of eight gendarmes. A cousin of Bahman Gashgai and a comrade in arms, Iraj Kashkouli, gave an account of their saga in his own memoirs.Here he said that he “suspected” <mask> of having had a role in this execution. <mask> always denied this, stating that the army under his command played no role in the execution. His task had only been to provide logistical assistance to the Gendarmerie, the only actors in the field. <mask> specified that during his entire military career none of his missions “led to the slightest bloodshed”. Joint Operation Arvand Rud In April 1969, while he was Commander of the Imperial Ground Forces, <mask> was assigned to deal with border tensions with Iraq, which, had they degenerated could have set the entire region ablaze, as history subsequently showed. Joint Operation Arvand Rud was conducted by Iran’s three armed services: the navy, the air force and the army, under the command General <mask>, who recounts the details of this operation in his military memoirs. The conflict arose out of a decision by Mohammad Reza Shah to stop paying tolls to Iraq for the use of Arvand Rud river to the Persian Gulf, and so access the sea for Iranian ships, under a treaty signed in 1937, drafted in the light of British influence, and which favoured Iraq.This river traces a border of 200 km between the two countries, and its width varies between 200 and 800 meters. The Iranian cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr (with their oil installations) and the Iraqi city of Basra are located along the river. Iraq claimed sovereignty over the river (called Shatt al-Arab in Arabic) and threatened to block the passage of ships not flying the Iraqi flag. <mask> organised a show of military force to intimidate the Iraqis. He personally overflew the river in a helicopter, entering Iraqi airspace, at risk to his life, to show that he would not retreat under any circumstances, threatening the Iraqi forces amassed along the river with retaliation if they opened fire. Thus, on 22 April 1969, the Iranian merchant ship Ebn-e-Sina bearing the Iranian flag and escorted by two warships of the Imperial Navy under the command of Captain Ataï, and a squadron F4 Phantom jets of Imperial Airforce under the command of General Nader Jahanbani (a highly distinguished Iranian fighter pilot) passed down the river for six hours, to the Persian Gulf, without any resistance by Iraqi forces. The 1937 treaty was thus abrogated and Iran took control of its side of the Arvand Rud.Relieved from command In 1971, <mask> <mask> learned of his forced retirement as Commander of the Imperial Ground Forces through the press. This decision of the Shah of Iran to dismiss him was variously commented, and can be explained by a combination of three factors. The first was based on an analysis given by Alidad Mafinezam and Aria Mehrabi in Iran and Its Place Among Nations, in which the authors explain that one of the weaknesses of the Shah was his personal insecurity and inability to delegate responsibilities, especially military, to the high dignitaries of his army. The fact of having removed the three pillars that formed the military backbone of his regime (General <mask>, Commander of the Ground Forces; General Jam, Chief-of-Staff; and the accidental death of General Khatami, the Air Force Commander) during the decade preceding the Revolution in 1979, was (according to these authors), a decisive factor in the downfall of the regime. These three generals were military professionals, highly educated and experienced, as well as being genuine patriots who had a high opinion of their roles and refused to be puppets or valets. The Shah envied their popularity and their competence: “one of the Shah's key weaknesses was his abiding envy toward eminence in others, even among his military's top brass, who constituted the backbone of his regime". The second factor leading to <mask> <mask>’s dismissal was his constant concern and insistence with the Shah about creating a decent life for the soldiers and the non-commissioned officers of the army, from poor backgrounds.Various commentators including the Minister of the Court of Shah Mr. Asadollah Alam, reported a dispute between Minbashian and Finance Minister Jamshid Amouzegar during winter of 1970 about increases in military spending, including the possibility of sending officers and NCOs to Western hospitals when care was not available in Iran. Minbashian allegedly stated that what he was asking for was a mere drop in the ocean of the luxurious spending by Princess Ashraf (the Shah’s influential twin sister). The third, most important factor was <mask>’s opposition to the fatalism concerning “tie-in contracts” imposed by Western arms’ sellers. On this subject, Minbashian related in much detail his row with the British Chief-of-Staff, three days before his dismissal. This dispute concerned the purchase and maintenance of British Chieftain tanks by the Iranian army, and the loss of £60 million Minbashian caused to the British, because Minbashian claimed that the British were in breach of contract by not maintaining the tanks which had become inoperable.. Later, Minbashian stated on numerous occasions that he had been sacked by the Shah for his professionalism, his straight talking, and because of British pressure as he threatened their arms transactions and economic interests in Iran. Sports and cultural activities He had practiced soccer in his youth quasi-professionally as he was the first and very popular goalkeeper of the national football team of Iran. In 1942, he was in the Iran national football team which defeated the British Army XI Football team in a friendly game by 1-0.<mask> <mask> practiced many other sports including swimming, the horseback riding, tennis and skiing. In the 1960s, he even published a self-teaching ski guide (Khod amouz eeski) comprising many diagrams. Like his two brothers Nemat and Ezatollah (who changed his name to Mehrdad Pahlbod when he married one of the Shah's sisters) <mask> <mask> was fond of music. An amateur violinist and poet, he was also a cinephile. He had a great passion for films by Norman Wisdom and Fernandel, which he dubbed in Persian. Together with his brother Nemat, he wrote the first Iranian tangos and had them recorded on vinyl records. These were released by the private Persian record label "Delbar", and were recorded and manufactured in Mumbai (formerly Bombay).Some of his poems have been adapted to music by his nephew Sepehr and sung by his sister Anvar; . His love for the Persian civilisation was expressed spectacularly during the festive military parade that were part of international celebrations of the 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire, a parade he organised with his brother Mehrdad, who was Minister of Culture. This parade used the costumes and musical instruments of Cyrus the Great’s Achaemenid. Years in exile General <mask> left Iran in 1972 after his dismissal at the age of 55, and moved to France. He turned down the Shah’s subsequent offer to appoint him as an Ambassador, as well as some private business proposals. In 1981, following the start of the Iran-Iraq War launched by Saddam Hussein, a strong sense of patriotism prompted him to send a long telegram to the head of the Iranian armed forces to offer his services, as he knew by heart every inch of the border between the two countries, and as he had much planned an Iranian repost against a possible invasion by Iraq. The Islamic Republic of Iran replied to his offer by publishing in the Journal Mizan date 13 November 1980 a “summons by the Revolutionary Court to report to Evin Prison to answer the charge of having worked for the loss of the country’s wealth in favour of foreign powers”.Ironically, the Islamic Tribunal thus invoked exactly the opposite reason for which he was fired by the Shah, namely that he had resisted foreign interests operating in Iran. This made him a political refugee in France, where he suffered a pulmonary embolism, followed a number of years later by a stroke, which left him condemned to his room for the last 15 years of his life. He died on 5 July 2007, and is buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris. References Bibliography Jasim M. Abdulghani, Iraq and Iran (RLE Iran A). Taylor & Francis. (2012). p. 121.ISBN 9781136834264. The Advocate-Messenger,"Iranian Ship Challenges Iraq Estuary", p. 16, 27 April 1969, consulted 26 October 2017. Gholam Reza Afkhami, The life and times of the Shah, University of California Press, 2009. Asadollah Alam, Diaries, Vol VI (1355-1356/1976/1977) [Persian language] (English and Arabic Edition). BBC Persian, Press release by BBC, biography of General <mask> <mask>. James Buchan, Days of God, The Revolution in Ian and Its Consequences, London, John Murray (Publishers), 2012. Alidad Mafinezam and Aria Mehrabi: Iran and its place among nations-pillars of nation building and regional stability.Westport Conn, London, Praeger, 2008. <mask> <mask>, Military memoirs, Interview recorded by Dr Habib Ladjevardi, 1st December 1981, Cagnes-Sur-Mer, France. Iranian Oral History Collection, Harvard University. Habibollah Nassirifar, The Men of Traditional Music and Modern Iran, 1993, Sanani, حبیباللهٔ نصیری فرـ مردان موسیقی سنتی و نوین ایران چاپ اول سال ۱۳۷۲. Nima, “Biography and hommage to General <mask> <mask>”, No 158, 15 August 2007, - نیما شمار۱۵۸ه مرداد ماه ۱۳۸۶ Sadjad Pourghanad, Gholam Reza <mask>, a pioneer in Iranian music, transalated by Mahboube Khalvati, 01/10/2019. Rahavard Persian Journal Jahangir Shamsavari, 7 July 2007, consulted 15 March 2021. Ali Taghipour, History of the Music Conservatory in Iran 1918-2018, limited edition published for the centenary of the Music Conservatory, Tehran, 2018,اریخ موسیقی هنرستان ۱۲۹۷ـ ۱۳۹۷ علی تقی پور چاپ سال۱۳۹۷ "Dialogue With General Hassani Sadi", in Negin-e-Iran (in Persian), 3 (9): 8–40, Summer 2004, archived.Nikolas Stürchler, The Threat of Force in International Law, Cambridge University Press. (2007). p. 202. ISBN 9781139464918. Charles P. Wallace: "Iran, Iraq Still Fail to Bridge Waterway Dispute", in The Los Angeles Times, 19 August 1988, consulted 15 March 2021. Steven R. Ward, Immortal,: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces, Updated Edition Georgetown University Press. (2014).p. 202. ISBN 9781626160651. 1916 births 2007 deaths People from Tehran Imperial Iranian Armed Forces four-star generals

<mask> was an Iranian general. He commanded the Imperial Iranian Ground Force from 1969 to 1972 during the reign of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Classical music in Iran was started by a family of military musicians. His grandfather was a pioneer in the history of classical Western music in Iran. He is the first Iranian to have received an education in classical music and his work was published in Europe. He created Iran's first string orchestra and was the first Iranian to teach classical music in Iran. The national anthem of Iran's Constitutionalist Revolution was written by <mask>.Nasrollah <mask> entered the Saint Petersburg Conservatory at 13 and stayed there for seven years. He joined the Persian Cossack brigade after returning to Iran and reached the rank of brigadier general. Nasrollah succeeded his father at the head of the army's musical orchestra. While teaching several instruments, Nasrollah <mask> held these posts. The uncle of <mask> <mask> studied in Berlin and Switzerland. He was a student of Robert. He took on the directorship of the music conservatories in 1934 after joining the Military Academy.The Tehran Symphony Orchestra was founded and directed by him. <mask> <mask> attended a Zoroastrian school until he was 14. In Part 1 of his military memoires, he describes his patriotic fervour, which in 1930 led him to volunteer to go to the military high school against his father's wishes. He stayed there until 1936. He became the first goalkeeper of Iran's national team "Tadj" for ten years and so acquired great popularity. <mask> <mask> was 20 years old when he entered the Military Academy in the same class as the Crown Prince of Iran. On the day of his father's death, he left it as an officer.He commanded the NCOs' training school between 1938 and 1940. After passing the exam for the US Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, he was promoted to captain and went to the United States with his wife. At the end of his studies, <mask> <mask> returned to Iran. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 After returning to the United States in 1951, he was accepted to the Command and General Staff College of the US Army. He was top of his class again and was offered to join the US army, but he refused and returned to Iran. General Minbashian received the US Legion of Merit during his official visit to the United States in 1970.He devoted his career to building up a modern army in Iran. According to several officers' testimonies reported in the Nima monthly journal in August 2007, two objectives guided his military thinking throughout his life: the defence of the Persian Gulf because he rightly feared invasion of Iran by Iraq. He contributed to the modernization of Iran's ground forces. He was promoted to colonel at the head of Iran's Military Academy in 1954. He was appointed to the command of the First brigade of Tehran after reorganizing the Academy and student discipline. He was appointed commander of the Mashad Army in 1961. He was stationed in the town of Mashad during the demonstrations.The protests were critical of the Shah's White Revolution which ended feudal landownership in Iran as part of a land reform programme and gave women the right to vote. In the second part of his military memoirs, <mask> talks about the arrest of the man who was responsible for the disorders in Mashad. According to <mask>'s account, he received the order to arrest Qomi and send him to Tehran without bloodshed and without the least deployment force or military action. In 1965, he was promoted to lieutenant general and commander of the Third Army. He was ordered by the Shah to provide logistical support to the Gendarmerie in the arrest of Bahman Gashgai. The leader of the tribes in Fars was against the land reforms of the Shah. Gashgai was accused of killing eight people.<mask> advocated using anti-guerrilla tactics based on military civic action. The context of this arrest and the strategy put in place so that the rebels laid down their arms and surrendered of their own will is recounted in Section 38 of his military memoires. The strategy consisted of cutting the rebels off from their sources of supply and then carrying out civic actions among tribal peoples to improve their living conditions. Bahman Gashgai surrendered himself to the Minister of the Court of the Shah on the condition that his life would be spared. After accompanying Gashgai to Tehran, Alam handed him over to the Gendarmerie. They put Gashgai on trial and then executed him. In his memoirs, a cousin of Bahman Gashgai gave an account of their story.He suspected that <mask> was involved in the execution. The army under <mask>'s command played no role in the execution. The only actors in the field were provided logistical assistance by him. <mask> said that none of his missions led to bloodshed. In 1969 <mask> was assigned to deal with border tensions with Iraq, which could have set the entire region ablaze. General <mask> recounts in his military memoirs the details of Joint Operation Arvand Rud, which was conducted by Iran's navy, air force and army. The conflict arose out of a decision by Mohammad Reza Shah to stop paying tolls to Iraq for the use of Arvand Rud river to the Persian Gulf, and so access the sea for Iranian ships, under a treaty signed in 1937, drafted in the light of British influence.The border of the two countries is 200 km and the river's width is between 200 and 800 meters. The Iraqi city of Basra and the Iranian cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr are located along the river. Iraq claimed sovereignty over the Shatt al-Arab and threatened to block the passage of ships not flying the Iraqi flag. A show of military force was organised by <mask>. In order to show that he wouldn't retreat under any circumstances, he flew a helicopter over the river and entered Iraqi airspace, at risk to his life. The Iranian merchant ship Ebn-e-Sina carrying the Iranian flag was escorted by two warships of the Imperial Navy under the command of Captain Ata, and a squadron of F4 Phantom jets of the Imperial Airforce. Iran took control of the Arvand Rud after the 1937 treaty was abrogated.After being relieved from command, <mask> <mask> was forced to retire as Commander of the Imperial Ground Forces. The decision of the Shah of Iran to dismiss him can be explained by a combination of three factors. One of the weaknesses of the Shah was his inability to delegate responsibilities, especially military, according to an analysis given by Alidad Mafinezam and Aria Mehrabi in Iran and Its Place Among Nations. General <mask>, Commander of the Ground Forces, General Jam, Chief-of-Staff, and the accidental death of General Khatami, the Air Force Commander, were the pillars of his regime. The three generals were military professionals, highly educated and experienced, as well as being genuine patriots who had a high opinion of their roles and refused to be puppets or valets. One of the Shah's key weaknesses was his envy toward eminence in others, even among his military's top brass, who constituted the backbone of his regime. The second factor leading to <mask> <mask>'s dismissal was his constant concern and insistence with the Shah about creating a decent life for the soldiers and the non-commissioned officers of the army.The Minister of the Court of Shah, Mr. Asadollah Alam, reported a dispute between <mask> and the Finance Minister during the winter of 1970 about increases in military spending. <mask> was quoted as saying that he was asking for a drop in the ocean of luxurious spending by Princess Ashraf, the Shah's influential twin sister. <mask>'s opposition to the fatalism concerning "tie-in contracts" imposed by Western arms' sellers was the most important factor. <mask> had a row with the British Chief-of-Staff three days before his dismissal. <mask> claimed that the British were in violation of their contract because they did not maintain the tanks which became inoperable. He was the first and very popular goalkeeper of the national football team of Iran and practiced soccer in his youth. The Iran national football team defeated the British Army XI Football team in a friendly game in 1942.Swimming, horseback riding, tennis and skiing were some of the sports practiced by <mask> <mask>. He published a self-teaching ski guide in the 1960s. Like his two brothers, <mask> <mask> was fond of music. He was an amateur violinist and poet. He was a big fan of films by Norman Wisdom and Fernandel. He and Nemat wrote the first Iranian tangos and had them recorded. These were released by the private Persian record label "Delbar".His poems have been adapted to music by his nephew Sepehr and sung by his sister Anvar. During the international celebrations of the 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire, he organised a military parade with his brother, who was the Minister of Culture. The costumes and musical instruments of Cyrus the Great were used in the parade. After being dismissed from Iran at the age of 55, General <mask> moved to France. He turned down the Shah's offer to become an Ambassador, as well as some private business proposals. In 1981 after the start of the Iran-Iraq War, a strong sense of patriotism prompted him to send a long telegram to the head of the Iranian armed forces to offer his services, as he knew by heart every inch of the border between the two countries. The Islamic Republic of Iran responded to his offer by publishing in the Journal Mizan a "summons by the Revolutionary Court to report to Evin Prison to answer the charge of having worked for the loss of the country's wealth in favour of foreign powers".He was fired by the Shah because he had resisted foreign interests in Iran. He was forced to live in a room for the last 15 years of his life after he suffered a stroke and a pulmonary embolism in France. He was buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris. There are references to Jasim M. Abdulghani, Iraq and Iran. They were Taylor and Francis. The year 2012 p.There is a book by the same name. The Advocate-Messenger published "Iranian Ship Challenges Iraq Estuary" in 1969. The life and times of the Shah was published by the University of California Press. The English and Arabic editions of Asadollah Alam's Diaries, Vol VI. The biography of General <mask> <mask> was released by the BBC. John Murray is the author of The Revolution in Ian and Its Consequences. Iran is one of the nations-pillars of nation building and regional stability.Praeger, 2008, Westport Conn, London. An interview with <mask> <mask> was recorded on 1st December 1981 in Cagnes-sur-Mer, France. The Iranian Oral History Collection is located at Harvard University. The Men of Traditional Music and Modern Iran was published in 1993. Nima published a biography of General <mask> <mask>, a pioneer in Iranian music. The Persian Journal Jahangir Shamsavari was consulted 15 March 2021. The history of the Music Conservatory in Iran was published in a limited edition.Strchler wrote The Threat of Force in International Law. The year 2007. p. There is a book by the same name. "Iran, Iraq Still Fail to Bridge Waterway Dispute" was written by Charles P. Wallace in The Los Angeles Times. Steven R. Ward's book is a military history of Iran and its armed forces. The year 2014).p. There is a book by the same name. The people from Tehran were four-star generals.

10082145

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witmer%20Stone

Witmer Stone

Witmer Stone (September 22, 1866 – May 24, 1939) was an American ornithologist, botanist, and mammalogist, and was considered one of the last of the “great naturalists.” Stone is remembered principally as an ornithologist. He was president of the American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU) 1920–23, and was editor of the AOU's periodical The Auk 1912–1936. He spearheaded the production of the 4th edition of the AOU checklist, published in 1931. He worked for over 50 years in the Ornithology Department at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, eventually serving as Director of the institution. Stone was one of the founding members of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) in 1890 and was actively involved in the organization for the remainder of his life. Stone was one of only two scientists (Joseph Grinnell was the other) to serve as president of both the AOU and the American Society of Mammalogists, and he co-authored two popular books about mammals. His outstanding botanical contribution was The Plants of Southern New Jersey, published in 1911. Stone spent many summers at Cape May, New Jersey, summering there annually starting in 1916. He is best remembered for his two-volume classic Bird Studies at Old Cape May, which was published by the DVOC in 1937, two years before his death. Early life Witmer Stone was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 22, 1866, to Anne Eveline (née Witmer) and Frederick Dawson Stone. According to longtime friend, Cornelius Weygandt, Witmer Stone was “of the Chester County Quaker-Pennsylvania Dutch cross that has given us so many of our botanists and ornithologists, paleontologists and chemists.” Stone showed an early interest in all things natural, and was an inveterate collector. Stone was a boyhood friend and schoolmate of two of the Brown brothers: Amos Brown later became a geology professor at University of Pennsylvania, and Stewardson Brown became the Curator of the Department of Botany at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Stone and his brother, Frederick, and three of the Brown brothers formed the “Wilson Natural Science Association”, named in honor of the pioneering American ornithologist Alexander Wilson. Stone also spent time exploring the woods and fields around his grandmother's Chester County, Pennsylvania home. Stone married Lillie May Lafferty on August 1, 1904; they had no children. Stone graduated from Germantown Academy in 1883. He obtained an A.B. degree from the University of Pennsylvania (UP), then in March 1888 was appointed a Jessup Fund Student at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, when Dr. Joseph Leidy was the academy's president. The academy established an ornithology department in 1891, the same year that Stone completed an A.M. degree at UP. (UP later conferred an honorary ScD. on Stone in 1913, and presented him with the Alumni Award of Merit in 1937.) Stone participated in Academy-sponsored collecting expeditions to Bermuda in 1888 and to Mexico in 1890. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Stone visited the Academy of Natural Sciences many times while growing up, and later worked there for 51 years. Stone inherited an ornithological specimens collection that had not been cared for properly, and spearheaded heroic efforts to salvage this and collections from other fields. Some specimens were historically valuable, including types described by pioneering ornithologists and mammalogists. The size of the academy's bird collection increased fivefold during Stone's tenure, from 26,000 specimens to 143,000. From 1893 to 1908 Stone was Assistant Curator at the academy; Curator 1908–1918 and Executive Curator 1918–1925; Director 1925–1928; Curator of Vertebrates, 1918–1936; and lastly, three titles (with year of appointment) that Stone held at the time of his death: Vice President (1927), Emeritus Director (1928), and Honorary Curator of Birds (1938). As a botanist Stone was an original member of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. He had a knowledge of systematics of the local flora “surpassed only by that of Simon-pure botanists,” and, according to a later eminent botanist, Frans Stafleu, Stone's concentration on ornithology was a “definite loss” for botany. Stone produced 20 botanical writings during his lifetime. After a joint meeting of the Philadelphia and Torrey Botanical Clubs to Toms River, New Jersey, in early July 1900, Stone resolved to write a flora of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Over the next decade Stone made hundreds of collecting trips to southern New Jersey. His research culminated in his botanical pièce-de-résistance, The Plants of Southern New Jersey, published in 1911, which “is the only comprehensive floristic treatment for southern New Jersey and it continues to be used today [2002].” The Academy of Natural Sciences preserves many botanical specimens that Witmer Stone collected circa 1910, including many from New Jersey. The Mid-Atlantic Herbarium Consortium was leading a project to digitize records through volunteer crowd-sourcing as of 2020. As an ornithologist Stone's first manuscript to appear in a “serious” publication was “The Turkey Buzzard Breeding in Pennsylvania” in American Naturalist in 1885. His first note in The Auk was “A migration of hawks at Germantown, Pennsylvania” in 1887. Stone was a founding member of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) in 1890, and authored the DVOC's The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, which was published in 1894 and put both him and the club on the ornithological map. He wrote The Birds of New Jersey, Their Nests and Eggs, published in 1909. His ornithological publications run into the hundreds; a search on the Searchable Ornithological Research Archive website turns up approximately 125 articles and notes in The Auk alone. Witmer Stone had a long association with the American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU). He was elected an Associate in 1885; a Fellow in 1892; and a member of the council in 1898. He served as chairman of the AOU Committee on Bird Protection 1896–1901; as a member (from 1901) and later as Chairman (1915–1931) of the AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of North American Birds; and as editor of The Auk 1912–1936 (after editing the DVOC's Cassinia for ten years). Stone was vice-president of the AOU 1914–1920, and President 1920–1923. He chaired the committee which produced the 4th edition of the AOU checklist, published in 1931. Stone was an honorary member of many foreign ornithological societies, the Nuttall Ornithological Club, the Cooper Ornithological Club, and the Zoological Society of Philadelphia (Stone was also Director of the latter). He was awarded the Otto Hermann Medal of the Hungarian Ornithological Society in 1931 and was a member of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the Advisory Committee of the National Audubon Society, and the American Philosophical Society. He was also President of the Pennsylvania Audubon Society. Bird Studies at Old Cape May For all of his work as one of the preeminent ornithologists of his day, Stone's most enduring popular legacy is undoubtedly his charming Bird Studies at Old Cape May (BSOCM), originally published by the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) in 1937. This was an ornithological history of the New Jersey coast, with an emphasis on Cape May County, particularly the coastal areas. The bulk of the work consists of species accounts of all the birds that had been found in Cape May County at the time of the writing, with their historical occurrence in the state and notes on seasonality, habits, behavior, etc. gleaned from Stone's own notes and the records of fellow DVOC members. Stone dedicated Bird Studies at Old Cape May to his wife. Stone first visited Cape May in August 1890, and spent most of July–August 1891 there. He made frequent trips there over the years, and became an annual summer resident starting in 1916 and continuing until at least 1937. The largest photograph of Stone hangs in the Cape May Bird Observatory’s Center for Research and Education in Goshen, NJ. Stone was posthumously awarded the Brewster Medal by the American Ornithologists’ Union in 1939 for BSOCM. The DVOC published 1,400 two-volume sets of BSOCM (see the DVOC website for information about the original DVOC editions). Dover Publications (1965) and Stackpole Books (2000) have both published editions of BSOCM; however, both editions are now out of print. References Further reading History of the DVOC. McConnell, Scott. Witmer Stone: The Fascination of Nature. Self-published, 2014. Stone, Witmer. Bird Studies at Old Cape May. Stackpole Books. 2000. Sutton, Clay and Pat. Birds and Birding at Cape May. Stackpole Books. 2006. American ornithologists 1866 births 1939 deaths People from Cape May, New Jersey Scientists from Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania alumni Germantown Academy alumni Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia) Members of the American Philosophical Society

<mask> (September 22, 1866 – May 24, 1939) was an American ornithologist, botanist, and mammalogist, and was considered one of the last of the “great naturalists.<mask> is remembered principally as an ornithologist. He was president of the American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU) 1920–23, and was editor of the AOU's periodical The Auk 1912–1936. He spearheaded the production of the 4th edition of the AOU checklist, published in 1931. He worked for over 50 years in the Ornithology Department at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, eventually serving as Director of the institution. <mask> was one of the founding members of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) in 1890 and was actively involved in the organization for the remainder of his life. <mask> was one of only two scientists (Joseph Grinnell was the other) to serve as president of both the AOU and the American Society of Mammalogists, and he co-authored two popular books about mammals. His outstanding botanical contribution was The Plants of Southern New Jersey, published in 1911.<mask> spent many summers at Cape May, New Jersey, summering there annually starting in 1916. He is best remembered for his two-volume classic Bird Studies at Old Cape May, which was published by the DVOC in 1937, two years before his death. Early life <mask> <mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 22, 1866, to Anne Eveline (née <mask>) and Frederick Dawson <mask>. According to longtime friend, Cornelius Weygandt, <mask> <mask> was “of the Chester County Quaker-Pennsylvania Dutch cross that has given us so many of our botanists and ornithologists, paleontologists and chemists.<mask> showed an early interest in all things natural, and was an inveterate collector. <mask> was a boyhood friend and schoolmate of two of the Brown brothers: Amos Brown later became a geology professor at University of Pennsylvania, and Stewardson Brown became the Curator of the Department of Botany at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. <mask> and his brother, Frederick, and three of the Brown brothers formed the “Wilson Natural Science Association”, named in honor of the pioneering American ornithologist Alexander Wilson. <mask> also spent time exploring the woods and fields around his grandmother's Chester County, Pennsylvania home.<mask> married Lillie May Lafferty on August 1, 1904; they had no children. <mask> graduated from Germantown Academy in 1883. He obtained an A.B. degree from the University of Pennsylvania (UP), then in March 1888 was appointed a Jessup Fund Student at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, when Dr. Joseph Leidy was the academy's president. The academy established an ornithology department in 1891, the same year that <mask> completed an A.M. degree at UP. (UP later conferred an honorary ScD. on <mask> in 1913, and presented him with the Alumni Award of Merit in 1937.)<mask> participated in Academy-sponsored collecting expeditions to Bermuda in 1888 and to Mexico in 1890. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia <mask> visited the Academy of Natural Sciences many times while growing up, and later worked there for 51 years. <mask> inherited an ornithological specimens collection that had not been cared for properly, and spearheaded heroic efforts to salvage this and collections from other fields. Some specimens were historically valuable, including types described by pioneering ornithologists and mammalogists. The size of the academy's bird collection increased fivefold during <mask>'s tenure, from 26,000 specimens to 143,000. From 1893 to 1908 <mask> was Assistant Curator at the academy; Curator 1908–1918 and Executive Curator 1918–1925; Director 1925–1928; Curator of Vertebrates, 1918–1936; and lastly, three titles (with year of appointment) that <mask> held at the time of his death: Vice President (1927), Emeritus Director (1928), and Honorary Curator of Birds (1938). As a botanist <mask> was an original member of the Philadelphia Botanical Club.He had a knowledge of systematics of the local flora “surpassed only by that of Simon-pure botanists,” and, according to a later eminent botanist, Frans Stafleu, <mask>'s concentration on ornithology was a “definite loss” for botany. <mask> produced 20 botanical writings during his lifetime. After a joint meeting of the Philadelphia and Torrey Botanical Clubs to Toms River, New Jersey, in early July 1900, <mask> resolved to write a flora of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Over the next decade <mask> made hundreds of collecting trips to southern New Jersey. His research culminated in his botanical pièce-de-résistance, The Plants of Southern New Jersey, published in 1911, which “is the only comprehensive floristic treatment for southern New Jersey and it continues to be used today [2002].” The Academy of Natural Sciences preserves many botanical specimens that <mask> <mask> collected circa 1910, including many from New Jersey. The Mid-Atlantic Herbarium Consortium was leading a project to digitize records through volunteer crowd-sourcing as of 2020. As an ornithologist <mask>'s first manuscript to appear in a “serious” publication was “The Turkey Buzzard Breeding in Pennsylvania” in American Naturalist in 1885.His first note in The Auk was “A migration of hawks at Germantown, Pennsylvania” in 1887. <mask> was a founding member of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) in 1890, and authored the DVOC's The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, which was published in 1894 and put both him and the club on the ornithological map. He wrote The Birds of New Jersey, Their Nests and Eggs, published in 1909. His ornithological publications run into the hundreds; a search on the Searchable Ornithological Research Archive website turns up approximately 125 articles and notes in The Auk alone. <mask> <mask> had a long association with the American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU). He was elected an Associate in 1885; a Fellow in 1892; and a member of the council in 1898. He served as chairman of the AOU Committee on Bird Protection 1896–1901; as a member (from 1901) and later as Chairman (1915–1931) of the AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of North American Birds; and as editor of The Auk 1912–1936 (after editing the DVOC's Cassinia for ten years).<mask> was vice-president of the AOU 1914–1920, and President 1920–1923. He chaired the committee which produced the 4th edition of the AOU checklist, published in 1931. <mask> was an honorary member of many foreign ornithological societies, the Nuttall Ornithological Club, the Cooper Ornithological Club, and the Zoological Society of Philadelphia (<mask> was also Director of the latter). He was awarded the Otto Hermann Medal of the Hungarian Ornithological Society in 1931 and was a member of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the Advisory Committee of the National Audubon Society, and the American Philosophical Society. He was also President of the Pennsylvania Audubon Society. Bird Studies at Old Cape May For all of his work as one of the preeminent ornithologists of his day, <mask>'s most enduring popular legacy is undoubtedly his charming Bird Studies at Old Cape May (BSOCM), originally published by the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) in 1937. This was an ornithological history of the New Jersey coast, with an emphasis on Cape May County, particularly the coastal areas.The bulk of the work consists of species accounts of all the birds that had been found in Cape May County at the time of the writing, with their historical occurrence in the state and notes on seasonality, habits, behavior, etc. gleaned from <mask>'s own notes and the records of fellow DVOC members. <mask> dedicated Bird Studies at Old Cape May to his wife. <mask> first visited Cape May in August 1890, and spent most of July–August 1891 there. He made frequent trips there over the years, and became an annual summer resident starting in 1916 and continuing until at least 1937. The largest photograph of <mask> hangs in the Cape May Bird Observatory’s Center for Research and Education in Goshen, NJ. <mask> was posthumously awarded the Brewster Medal by the American Ornithologists’ Union in 1939 for BSOCM.The DVOC published 1,400 two-volume sets of BSOCM (see the DVOC website for information about the original DVOC editions). Dover Publications (1965) and Stackpole Books (2000) have both published editions of BSOCM; however, both editions are now out of print. References Further reading History of the DVOC. McConnell, Scott. <mask> <mask>: The Fascination of Nature. Self-published, 2014. <mask>, Witmer.Bird Studies at Old Cape May. Stackpole Books. 2000. Sutton, Clay and Pat. Birds and Birding at Cape May. Stackpole Books. 2006.American ornithologists 1866 births 1939 deaths People from Cape May, New Jersey Scientists from Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania alumni Germantown Academy alumni Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia) Members of the American Philosophical Society

<mask> was an ornithologist and was considered one of the last of the great naturalists. He was editor of The Auk 1912–1936 and president of the American Ornithologists' Union. The 4th edition of the AOU checklist was published in 1931. He was the Director of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia after working for over 50 years in the Ornithology Department. <mask> was an active member of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club for the rest of his life. <mask> co-authored two books about mammals and was one of only two scientists to serve as president of the AOU. The Plants of Southern New Jersey was published in 1911.<mask> spent many summers at Cape May, New Jersey. Two years before his death, the DVOC published his two-volume classic Bird Studies at Old Cape May. Anne Eveline, also known as <mask> <mask>, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 22, 1866. <mask> showed an early interest in all things natural, and was the Chester County Dutch cross that gave us so many of our botanists and ornithologists. <mask> was a childhood friend of the Brown brothers, who later became professors at the University of Pennsylvania and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The Wilson Natural Science Association was formed by <mask>, Frederick, and three of the Brown brothers. <mask> explored the woods and fields around his grandmother's Chester County, Pennsylvania home.<mask> and May had no children. <mask> graduated from the academy. He got an A.B. When Dr. Joseph Leidy was the president of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, he appointed a Jessup Fund Student. The academy established an ornithology department in 1891, the year that <mask> finished his A.M. degree at UP. The ScD was later given by the UP. <mask> received the Alumni Award of Merit in 1937.<mask> participated in two collecting expeditions to Mexico in the 19th century. While growing up, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Stone visited many times, and later worked there for 51 years. <mask> spearheaded heroic efforts to save the ornithological specimen collection that had not been cared for properly. The types described by ornithologists were historically valuable. The academy's bird collection increased fivefold during <mask>'s tenure. <mask> held three titles at the time of his death, including Curator, Director, and Executive Curator, all of which he held from 1893 to 1908. <mask> was an original member of the Philadelphia Botanical Club.<mask> had a knowledge of systematics of the local flora that was passed on only to Simon-pure botanists. <mask> produced 20 botanical writings. <mask> decided to write a flora of the New Jersey Pine Barrens after a joint meeting of the Philadelphia and Torrey Botanical Clubs. <mask> made a lot of collecting trips to southern New Jersey. The Plants of Southern New Jersey, published in 1911, is the only comprehensive floristic treatment for southern New Jersey and it continues to be used today. As of 2020, the Mid-AtlanticHerbarium Consortium was leading a project to digitize records through volunteer crowd-sourced information. <mask>'s first manuscript to appear in a serious publication was in American Naturalist in 1885.The first note in The Auk was about a migration of hawks. <mask> was a founding member of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club and wrote The Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, which was published in 1894 and put both him and the club on the ornithological map. The Birds of New Jersey, Their Nests and Eggs was published in 1909. His ornithological publications run into the hundreds, and a search on the Searchable Ornithological Research Archive website shows 125 articles and notes in The Auk alone. The American Ornithologists' Union had a long association with <mask> <mask>. He was an associate in 1885, a fellow in 1892, and a member of the council in 1898. He served as chairman of the AOU Committee on Bird Protection 1896–1901 and later as chairman of the AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of North American Birds.<mask> was vice-president of the AOU from 1914 to 1920. The 4th edition of the AOU checklist was published in 1931. <mask> was a member of several foreign ornithological societies, including the Nuttall Ornithological Club, the Cooper Ornithological Club, and the Zoological Society of Philadelphia. He was a member of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the Advisory Committee of the National Audubon Society, and the American Philosophical Society. He was the President of the Pennsylvania Audubon Society. <mask>'s most popular legacy is his charming Bird Studies at Old Cape May, originally published by the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. This was an ornithological history of the New Jersey coast, with an emphasis on Cape May County.The majority of the work consists of species accounts of all the birds that had been found in Cape May County at the time of the writing, with their historical occurrence in the state and notes on seasonality, habits, behavior, etc. <mask>'s own notes and the records of fellow DVOC members were gleaned. <mask> dedicated Bird Studies to his wife. <mask> spent most of July–August 1891 in Cape May. He was an annual summer resident there until at least 1937, after making frequent trips there over the years. There is a photograph of <mask> in the Center for Research and Education at the Cape May Bird Observatory. <mask> was posthumously awarded a medal by the American Ornithologists' Union.The DVOC published 1,400 two-volume sets of BSOCM. The published editions of BSOCM are no longer in print. The History of the DVOC is further read. McConnell, Scott. Witmer Stone is a book about nature. A self-published book. <mask> is from Witmer.Birds are being studied at Old Cape May. There are Stackpole books. In 2000. They are Sutton, Clay and Pat. Birds are at Cape May. There are Stackpole books. 2006Scientists from Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania alumni and people from Cape May, New Jersey are buried in Philadelphia.

50526

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Walpole

Robert Walpole

Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745; known between 1725 and 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole) was a British statesman and Whig politician who is generally regarded as the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain. Although the exact dates of Walpole's dominance, dubbed the "Robinocracy", are a matter of scholarly debate, the period 1721–1742 is often used. He dominated the Walpole–Townshend ministry, as well as the subsequent Walpole ministry, and holds the record as the longest-serving British prime minister. W. A. Speck wrote that Walpole's uninterrupted run of 20 years as prime minister "is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history. Explanations are usually offered in terms of his expert handling of the political system after 1720, [and] his unique blending of the surviving powers of the crown with the increasing influence of the Commons". Walpole was a Whig from the gentry class who was first elected to Parliament in 1701 and held many senior positions. He was a country squire and looked to country gentlemen for his political base. Historian Frank O'Gorman says his leadership in Parliament reflected his "reasonable and persuasive oratory, his ability to move both the emotions as well as the minds of men, and, above all, his extraordinary self-confidence". Hoppit says Walpole's policies sought moderation, he worked for peace, lower taxes and growing exports and allowed a little more tolerance for Protestant Dissenters. He mostly avoided controversy and high-intensity disputes as his middle way attracted moderates from both the Whig and Tory camps but his appointment to Chancellor of the Exchequer after the South Sea Bubble stock-market crisis drew attention to a perceived protection of political allies by Walpole. H. T. Dickinson sums up his historical role by saying that "Walpole was one of the greatest politicians in British history. He played a significant role in sustaining the Whig party, safeguarding the Hanoverian succession, and defending the principles of the Glorious Revolution (1688). He established a stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how best to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament". Scholars rank him highly among all British prime ministers. Early life Walpole was born in Houghton, Norfolk, in 1676. One of 19 children, he was the third son and fifth child of Robert Walpole, a member of the local gentry and a Whig politician who represented the borough of Castle Rising in the House of Commons, and his wife Mary Walpole, the daughter and heiress of Sir Geoffrey Burwell of Rougham, Suffolk. Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole was his younger brother. As a child, Walpole attended a private school at Massingham, Norfolk. Walpole entered Eton College in 1690 where he was a King's Scholar. He left Eton on 2 April 1696 and matriculated at King's College, Cambridge on the same day. On 25 May 1698, he left Cambridge after the death of his only remaining elder brother, Edward, so that he could help his father administer the family estate to which he had become the heir. Walpole had planned to become a clergyman but as he was now the eldest surviving son in the family, he abandoned the idea. In November 1700 his father died, and Robert succeeded to inherit the Walpole estate. A paper in his father's handwriting, dated 9 June 1700, shows the family estate in Norfolk and Suffolk to have been nine manors in Norfolk and one in Suffolk. Early career Business success As a young man, Walpole had bought shares in the South Sea Company, which monopolised trade with Spain, the Caribbean and South America. The speculative market for slaves, rum and mahogany spawned a frenzy that had ramifications throughout Europe when it collapsed. However, Walpole had bought at the bottom and sold at the top, adding greatly to his inherited wealth and allowing him to create Houghton Hall as seen today. Political career Walpole's political career began in January 1701 when he won a seat in the English general election at Castle Rising in Norfolk. He left Castle Rising in 1702 so that he could represent the neighbouring borough of King's Lynn, a pocket borough that would re-elect him for the remainder of his political career. Voters and politicians nicknamed him "Robin". Like his father, Robert Walpole was a member of the Whig Party. In 1705, Walpole was appointed by Queen Anne to be a member of the council for her husband, Prince George of Denmark, Lord High Admiral. After having been singled out in a struggle between the Whigs and the government, Walpole became the intermediary for reconciling the government to the Whig leaders. His abilities were recognised by Lord Godolphin (the Lord High Treasurer and leader of the Cabinet) and he was subsequently appointed to the position of Secretary at War in 1708; for a short period of time in 1710 he also simultaneously held the post of Treasurer of the Navy. Despite his personal clout, however, Walpole could not stop Lord Godolphin and the Whigs from pressing for the prosecution of Henry Sacheverell, a minister who preached anti-Whig sermons. The trial was extremely unpopular with much of the country, causing the Sacheverell riots, and was followed by the downfall of the Duke of Marlborough and the Whig Party in the general election of 1710. The new ministry, under the leadership of the Tory Robert Harley, removed Walpole from his office of Secretary at War but he remained Treasurer of the Navy until 2 January 1711. Harley had first attempted to entice him and then threatened him to join the Tories, but Walpole rejected the offers, instead becoming one of the most outspoken members of the Whig Opposition. He effectively defended Lord Godolphin against Tory attacks in parliamentary debate, as well as in the press. In 1712, Walpole was accused of venality and corruption in the matter of two forage contracts for Scotland. Although it was proven that he had retained none of the money, Walpole was pronounced "guilty of a high breach of trust and notorious corruption". He was impeached by the House of Commons and found guilty by the House of Lords; he was then imprisoned in the Tower of London for six months and expelled from Parliament. While in the Tower he was regarded as a political martyr, and visited by all the Whig leaders. After he was released, Walpole wrote and published anonymous pamphlets attacking the Harley ministry and assisted Sir Richard Steele in crafting political pamphlets. Walpole was re-elected for King's Lynn in 1713. Stanhope–Sunderland ministry Queen Anne died in 1714. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, which excluded Roman Catholics from the line of succession, Anne was succeeded by her second cousin, the Elector of Hanover, George I. George I distrusted the Tories, who he believed opposed his right to succeed to the Throne. The year of George's accession, 1714, marked the ascendancy of the Whigs who would remain in power for the next fifty years. Robert Walpole became a Privy Councillor and rose to the position of Paymaster of the Forces in a Cabinet nominally led by Lord Halifax, but actually dominated by Lord Townshend (Walpole's brother-in-law) and James Stanhope. Walpole was also appointed chairman of a secret committee formed to investigate the actions of the previous Tory ministry in 1715. Lord Oxford was impeached, and Lord Bolingbroke suffered from an act of attainder. Lord Halifax, the titular head of the administration, died in 1715 and by 1716 Walpole was appointed to the posts of First Commissioner (Lord) of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was a member of the Board of General Officers established in 1717 to investigate the abuse of pay. Walpole's fellow members, appointed by the Prince of Wales, included William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath – Secretary at War, General Lumley, General Erle and Sir Philip Meadowes – Controller of the Army and Knight Marshal of the King's Palace, whose daughter, Mary Meadows, was maid-of-honour to Walpole's friend, Queen Caroline. A keen huntsman, Walpole built for himself Great Lodge (Old Lodge) in Richmond Park. Philip Medows, the deputy ranger of the park and son of Walpole's political ally, Sir Philip Meadowes, lived at Great Lodge after Walpole had vacated it. In his new political positions, and encouraged by his advisers, Walpole introduced the sinking fund, a device to reduce the national debt. The Cabinet of which he was a member was often divided over most important issues. Normally, Walpole and Lord Townshend were on one side, with Stanhope and Lord Sunderland on the other. Foreign policy was the primary issue of contention; George I was thought to be conducting foreign affairs with the interests of his German territories, rather than those of Great Britain, at heart. The Stanhope–Sunderland faction, however, had the King's support. In 1716 Townshend had been removed from the important post of Northern Secretary and put in the lesser office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Even this change did not appease Stanhope and Sunderland, who secured the dismissal of Townshend from the Lord-Lieutenancy in April 1717. On the next day, Walpole resigned from the Cabinet to join the Opposition "because I could not connive at some things that were carrying on", and by joining the opposition he did not intend "to make the king uneasy or to embarrass his affairs." This began the Whig Split, dividing the dominant party for three years. In the new Cabinet, Sunderland and Stanhope (who was created an Earl) were the effective heads. Walpole reversed his earlier support for the Impeachment of Robert Harley, the former first minister, and joined with the Tory opposition in securing an acquittal in July 1717. Soon after Walpole's resignation, a bitter family quarrel between the King and the Prince of Wales split the Royal Family. Walpole and others who opposed the Government often congregated at Leicester House, the home of the Prince of Wales, to form political plans. Walpole also became an adviser and close friend of the Prince of Wales's wife, Caroline. In 1720 he improved his position by bringing about a reconciliation between the Prince of Wales and the King. Walpole continued to be an influential figure in the House of Commons. He was especially active in opposing one of the Government's more significant proposals, the Peerage Bill, which would have limited the power of the monarch to create new peerages. Walpole brought about a temporary abandonment of the bill in 1719 and the outright rejection of the bill by the House of Commons. This defeat led Lord Stanhope and Lord Sunderland to reconcile with their opponents; Walpole returned as Paymaster of the Forces and Townshend was appointed Lord President of the Council. By accepting the position of Paymaster, however, Walpole lost the favour of the Prince of Wales (the future King George II), who still harboured disdain for his father's Government. Rise to power Soon after Walpole returned to the Cabinet, Britain was swept by a wave of over-enthusiastic speculation which led to the South Sea Bubble. The Government had established a plan whereby the South Sea Company would assume the national debt of Great Britain in exchange for lucrative bonds. It was widely believed that the company would eventually reap an enormous profit through international trade in cloth, agricultural goods, and slaves. Many in the country, including Walpole himself (who sold at the top of the market and made 1,000 per cent profit), frenziedly invested in the company. By the latter part of 1720, however, the company had begun to collapse as the price of its shares plunged. In 1721 a committee investigated the scandal, finding that there was corruption on the part of many in the Cabinet. Among those implicated were John Aislabie (the Chancellor of the Exchequer), James Craggs the Elder (the Postmaster General), James Craggs the Younger (the Southern Secretary), and even Lords Stanhope and Sunderland (the heads of the Ministry). Both Craggs the Elder and Craggs the Younger died in disgrace; the remainder were impeached for their corruption. Aislabie was found guilty and imprisoned, but the personal influence of Walpole saved both Stanhope and Sunderland. For his role in preventing these individuals and others from being punished, Walpole gained the nickname of "The Screen", or "Screenmaster-General". The resignation of Sunderland and the death of Stanhope in 1721 left Walpole as the most important figure in the administration. In April 1721 he was appointed First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons. Walpole's de facto tenure as "prime minister" is often dated to his appointment as First Lord of the Treasury in 1721, though he himself rejected that title (it was originally a term of abuse), stating in 1741: "I unequivocally deny that I am sole and prime minister." His brother-in-law Lord Townshend served as Secretary of State for the Northern Department and controlled the nation's foreign affairs. The two also had to contend with the Secretary of State for the Southern Department, Lord Carteret. Townshend and Walpole were thus restored to power and "annihilated the opposing faction". Premiership under George I Under the guidance of Walpole, Parliament attempted to deal with the financial crisis brought on by the South Sea Bubble. The estates of the directors of the South Sea Company were used to relieve the suffering of the victims, and the stock of the company was divided between the Bank of England and East India Company. The crisis had gravely damaged the credibility of the King and of the Whig Party, but Walpole defended both with skilful oratory in the House of Commons. Walpole's first year as prime minister was also marked by the discovery of a plot formed by Francis Atterbury, the bishop of Rochester. The exposure of the scheme crushed the hopes of the Jacobites whose previous attempts at rebellion (most notably the risings of 1715 and 1719) had also failed. The Tory Party was equally unfortunate even though Lord Bolingbroke, a Tory leader who fled to France to avoid punishment for his Jacobite sympathies, was permitted to return to Britain in 1723. During the remainder of George I's reign, Walpole's ascendancy continued; the political power of the monarch was gradually diminishing and that of his ministers gradually increasing. In 1724 the primary political rival of Walpole and Townshend in the Cabinet, Lord Carteret, was dismissed from the post of Southern Secretary and once again appointed to the lesser office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In Ireland, Lord Carteret used his power to secretly aid in the controversy over Wood's Halfpence and support Drapier's Letters behind the scenes and cause harm to Walpole's power. Walpole was able to recover from these events by removing the patent. However, Irish sentiment was situated against the English control. Townshend, working with the king, helped keep Great Britain at peace, especially by negotiating a treaty with France and Prussia in 1725. Walpole was not consulted and stated that Townshend was "too precipitate" in his actions. Great Britain, free from Jacobite threats, from war, and from financial crises, grew prosperous, and Robert Walpole acquired the favour of George I. In 1725 he persuaded the king to revive the Knighthood of the Bath and was himself invested with the order, and in 1726 was made a Knight of the Garter, earning him the nickname "Sir Bluestring". His eldest son was granted a barony. Premiership under George II Walpole's position was threatened in 1727 when George I died and was succeeded by George II. For a few days it seemed that Walpole would be dismissed but, on the advice of Queen Caroline, the King agreed to keep him in office. Although the King disliked Townshend, he retained him as well. Over the next years Walpole continued to share power with Townshend but the two clashed over British foreign affairs, especially over policy regarding Austria. Gradually Walpole became the clearly dominant partner in government. His colleague retired on 15 May 1730 and this date is sometimes given as the beginning of Walpole's unofficial tenure as prime minister. Townshend's departure enabled Walpole to conclude the Treaty of Vienna, creating the Anglo-Austrian alliance. Opposition Walpole, a polarising figure, had many opponents, the most important of whom were in the Country Party, such as Lord Bolingbroke (who had been his political enemy since the days of Queen Anne) and William Pulteney (a capable Whig statesman who felt snubbed when Walpole failed to include him in the Cabinet). Bolingbroke and Pulteney ran a periodical called The Craftsman in which they incessantly denounced the Prime Minister's policies. Walpole was also satirised and parodied extensively; he was often compared to the criminal Jonathan Wild as, for example, John Gay did in his farcical Beggar's Opera. Walpole's other enemies included Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Henry Fielding, and Samuel Johnson. Support Walpole secured the support of the people and of the House of Commons with a policy of avoiding war. He used his influence to prevent George II from entering the War of the Polish Succession in 1733, because it was a dispute between the Bourbons and the Habsburgs. He boasted, "There are 50,000 men slain in Europe this year, and not one Englishman." By avoiding wars, Walpole could lower taxes. He reduced the national debt with a sinking fund, and by negotiating lower interest rates. He reduced the land tax from four shillings in 1721, to 3s in 1728, 2s in 1731 and finally to only 1s in 1732. His long-term goal was to replace the land tax, which was paid by the local gentry, with excise and customs taxes, which were paid by merchants and ultimately by consumers. Walpole joked that the landed gentry resembled hogs, which squealed loudly whenever anyone laid hands on him. By contrast, he said, merchants were like sheep, and yielded their wool without complaint. The joke backfired in 1733 when he was defeated in a major battle to impose excise taxes on wine and tobacco. To reduce the threat of smuggling, the tax was to be collected not at ports but at warehouses. This new proposal, however, was extremely unpopular and aroused the opposition of the nation's merchants. Walpole agreed to withdraw the bill before Parliament voted on it, but he dismissed the politicians who had dared to oppose it in the first place. Thus, Walpole lost a considerable element of his Whig Party to the Opposition. After the general elections of 1734, Walpole's supporters still formed a majority in the House of Commons although they were less numerous than before. He maintained both his parliamentary supremacy and his popularity in Norfolk, his home county. In May 1734, he presented a new silver mace "weighing 168 ounces, gilt and finely exchased, to the city of Norwich – on the cup part of it are Sir Robert's arms, and the arms of the city; it was first carried before Mayor Philip Meadows Esq. on the 29th of May". However, despite these great occasions, Walpole's broader popularity had begun to wane. In 1736 an increase in the tax on gin inspired riots in London. The even more serious Porteous riots broke out in Edinburgh after the King pardoned a captain of the guard (John Porteous) who had commanded his troops to shoot a group of protesters. Though these events diminished Walpole's popularity, they failed to shake his majority in Parliament. Walpole's domination over the House of Commons was highlighted by the ease with which he secured the rejection of Sir John Barnard's plan to reduce the interest on the national debt. Walpole was also able to persuade Parliament to pass the Licensing Act of 1737 under which London theatres were regulated. The Act revealed a disdain for Swift, Pope, Fielding, and other literary figures who had attacked his government in their works. While the "country party" attacked Walpole relentlessly, he subsidised writers and lesser-known journalists such as William Arnall and Bishop Benjamin Hoadly as well as two men he named to the role of poet laureate, Laurence Eusden and Colley Cibber. They defended Walpole from the charge of evil political corruption by arguing that corruption is the universal human condition. Furthermore, they argued, political divisiveness was also universal and inevitable because of selfish passions that were integral to human nature. Arnall argued that government must be strong enough to control conflict, and in that regard Walpole was quite successful. This style of "court" political rhetoric continued through the 18th century. Decline The year 1737 saw the death of Walpole's close friend Queen Caroline. Though her death did not end his personal influence with George II, who had grown loyal to the Prime Minister during the preceding years, Walpole's domination of government continued to decline. His opponents acquired a vocal leader in the Prince of Wales who was estranged from his father, the King. Several young politicians including William Pitt the Elder and George Grenville formed a faction known as the "Patriot Boys" and joined the Prince of Wales in opposition. Walpole's failure to maintain a policy of avoiding military conflict eventually led to his fall from power. Under the Treaty of Seville (1729), Great Britain agreed not to trade with the Spanish colonies in North America. Spain claimed the right to board and search British vessels to ensure compliance with this provision. Disputes, however, broke out over trade with the West Indies. Walpole attempted to prevent war but was opposed by the King, the House of Commons, and by a faction in his own Cabinet. In 1739 Walpole abandoned all efforts to stop the conflict and commenced the War of Jenkins' Ear (so called because Robert Jenkins, a Welsh mariner, claimed that a Spaniard inspecting his vessel had severed his ear). Walpole's influence continued to dramatically decline even after the war began. In the 1741 general election his supporters secured an increase in votes in constituencies that were decided by mass electorates but failed to win in many pocket boroughs (constituencies subject to the informal but strong influence of patrons). In general the government made gains in England and Wales but this was not enough to overturn the reverses of the 1734 election and further losses in Cornwall where many constituencies were obedient to the will of the Prince of Wales (who was also Duke of Cornwall). These constituencies returned members of parliament hostile to the Prime Minister. Similarly, the influence of the Duke of Argyll secured the election of members opposed to Walpole in some parts of Scotland. Walpole's new majority was difficult to determine because of the uncertain loyalties of many new members, but contemporaries and historians estimated it as low as fourteen to eighteen. In the new Parliament, many Whigs thought the aging Prime Minister incapable of leading the military campaign. Moreover, his majority was not as strong as it had formerly been, his detractors—such as William Pulteney, earl of Bath, and Lord Perceval—being approximately as numerous as his supporters. Behind these political enemies were opposition Whigs, Tories and Jacobites. Walpole was alleged to have presided over an immense increase in corruption and to have enriched himself enormously whilst in office. Parliamentary committees were formed to investigate these charges. In 1742 when the House of Commons was prepared to determine the validity of a by-election in Chippenham, Walpole and others agreed to treat the issue as a motion of no confidence. As Walpole was defeated on the vote, he agreed to resign from the Government. The news of the naval disaster against Spain in the Battle of Cartagena de Indias also prompted the end of his political career. King George II wept on his resignation and begged to see him frequently. As part of his resignation the King agreed to elevate him to the House of Lords as the Earl of Orford, Viscount Walpole and Baron Walpole of Houghton in the County of Norfolk, this occurred on 6 February 1742. Five days later he formally relinquished the seals of office. Although no longer First Lord of the Treasury, Walpole remained politically involved as an advisor. His former colleagues were still pleased to see him, perhaps in part because he retained the king's favour. After his resignation, his main political roles were to support the government by means of advice, to dole out some patronage and to speak on the ministry's behalf in the Lords. Later life Lord Orford was succeeded as prime minister by Lord Wilmington in an administration whose true head was Lord Carteret. A committee was created to inquire into Walpole's ministry but no substantial evidence of wrongdoing or corruption was discovered. Though no longer a member of the Cabinet, Orford continued to maintain personal influence with George II and was often dubbed the "Minister behind the Curtain" for this advice and influence. In 1744 he managed to secure the dismissal of Carteret and the appointment of Henry Pelham whom he regarded as a political protégé. He advised Pelham to make use of his seat in the Commons to serve as a bridge between the King and Parliament, just as Walpole had done. During this time, Walpole also made two interventions in the Lords. The first was in January 1744 in the debate on Hanoverian troops being kept in British pay. Walpole prevented them from losing the troops. In his second intervention, Walpole, with fear of a Jacobite-inspired invasion in February 1744, made a speech on the situation. Frederick, Prince of Wales, usually hostile to Walpole, warmly received him at his court the next day, most likely because his father's throne, and the future of the whole Hanoverian dynasty, was at risk from the Stuart Pretender. Along with his political interests in his last years, Walpole enjoyed the pleasures of the hunt. Back at his recently rebuilt country seat in Houghton, Norfolk, such pastimes were denied him due to "dismal weather". He also enjoyed the beauties of the countryside. His art collection gave him particular pleasure. He had spent much money in the 1720s and 1730s in building up a collection of Old Masters from all over Europe. Walpole also concerned himself with estate matters. His health, never good, deteriorated rapidly toward the end of 1744; Orford died in London in 1745, aged 68 years; he was buried in the parish church of St Martin in Houghton, Norfolk. His earldom passed to his eldest son Robert who was in turn succeeded by his only son George. Upon the death of the third Earl, the earldom was inherited by the first Earl's younger son Horace Walpole, who is now remembered for his many thousands of insightful letters, published in 48 volumes by Yale University Press. Legacy Walpole exercised a tremendous influence on the politics of his day. The Tories became a minor, insignificant faction, and the Whigs became a dominant and largely unopposed party. His influence on the development of the uncodified constitution of Great Britain was less momentous even though he is regarded as Great Britain's first prime minister. He relied primarily on the favour of the King rather than on the support of the House of Commons. His power stemmed from his personal influence instead of the influence of his office. Most of his immediate successors were, comparatively speaking, extremely weak; it would take several decades more for the premiership to develop into the most powerful and most important office in the country. Walpole's strategy of keeping Great Britain at peace contributed greatly to the country's prosperity. Walpole also managed to secure the position of the Hanoverian Dynasty, and effectively countervailed Jacobitism. The Jacobite threat ended, soon after Walpole's term ended, with the defeat of the rebellion of 1745. Later in the century, the Whig MP Edmund Burke "admitted him into the whig pantheon". Burke wrote: Lord Chesterfield expressed scepticism as to whether "an impartial Character of Sr Robert Walpole, will or can be transmitted to Posterity, for he governed this Kingdom so long that the various passions of Mankind mingled, and in a manner incorporated themselves, with every thing that was said or writt concerning him. Never was Man more flattered nor more abused, and his long power, was probably the chief cause of both". Chesterfield claimed he was "much acquainted with him both in his publick and his private life": 10 Downing Street represents another part of Walpole's legacy. George II offered this home to Walpole as a personal gift in 1732, but Walpole accepted it only as the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, taking up his residence there on 22 September 1735. His immediate successors did not always reside in Number 10 (preferring their larger private residences) but the home has nevertheless become established as the official residence of the prime minister (in his or her capacity as First Lord of the Treasury). Walpole has attracted attention from heterodox economists as a pioneer of protectionist policies, in the form of tariffs and subsidies to woollen manufacturers. As a result, the industry became Britain's primary export, enabling the country to import the raw materials and food that fueled the industrial revolution. Walpole is immortalised in St Stephen's Hall, where he and other notable Parliamentarians look on at visitors to Parliament. Walpole built Houghton Hall in Norfolk as his country seat. He also left behind a collection of art which he had assembled during his career. His grandson, the 3rd Earl of Orford, sold many of the works in this collection to the Russian Empress Catherine II in 1779. This collection—then regarded as one of the finest in Europe—now lies in the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2013 the Hermitage loaned the collection to Houghton for display following the original William Kent hanging plan, recently discovered at Houghton. The nursery rhyme "Who Killed Cock Robin?" may allude to the fall of Walpole, who carried the popular nickname "Cock Robin". (Contemporaries satirised the Walpole regime as the "Robinocracy" or as the "Robinarchy"). In the United States, the towns of Walpole, Massachusetts (founded in 1724), and Orford, New Hampshire (incorporated in 1761), take their respective names from Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford. Walpole Street in Wolverhampton is named after Sir Robert Walpole. Walpole Island, named for Sir Robert Walpole, comprises an island and an Indian reserve in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the border between Ontario and Michigan. It lies at the mouth of the St. Clair River on Lake St. Clair, approximately thirty miles (50 km) northeast of Detroit, Michigan, and of Windsor, Ontario. Family Catherine Shorter On 30 July 1700, Walpole married Catherine, daughter of John Shorter of Bybrook in Ashford, Kent. She was described as "a woman of exquisite beauty and accomplished manners". Her £20,000 dowry was, according to her brother-in-law Horatio Walpole, spent on the wedding, christenings and jewels. Together they had two daughters and three sons: Robert, who married Margaret Rolle (17 January 1709 – 13 January 1781), later the 15th Baroness Clinton, in 1724. They had one son, George, who died unmarried. Katherine, who died unmarried and without issue Mary, who married George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley, on 14 September 1723. They had sons and daughters. She died at Aix-en-Provence in 1731, and was buried at Malpas, Cheshire. Edward, who died unmarried but had four illegitimate children with Dorothy Clement, three of whom were daughters. Laura, the eldest, married Bishop Frederick Keppel. The second daughter, Maria Walpole (d. 1807), married, firstly, James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave and, secondly, Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, King George III's brother. His son, Edward, born in 1737, died in 1771 without issue. The youngest daughter, Charlotte, was wife of Lionel Tollemache, 5th Earl of Dysart. Horace, who died unmarried and without issue Walpole's first wife Catherine died on 20 August 1737 and was buried in Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey. Maria Skerritt Prior to the death of his first wife, Walpole took on a mistress, Maria, daughter of Thomas Skerrett (died 1734; an Irish merchant living in Dover Street, London). She was a fashionable socialite of wit and beauty, with an independent fortune of £30,000. Walpole had married her by March 1738. They had been living openly together in Richmond Park and Houghton Hall before 1728. Maria had borne him a daughter, also called Maria, who was no longer illegitimate after her parents' marriage and, as the daughter of an Earl, became Lady Maria Walpole. In 1746, this daughter married Colonel Charles Churchill of Chalfont (1720–1812), illegitimate son of General Charles Churchill, and became the housekeeper of Windsor Castle. Their daughter Mary became the second wife of Charles Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan, and had issue. His second wife died following a miscarriage on 4 June 1739. Walpole considered her "indispensable to his happiness", and her loss plunged him into a "deplorable and comfortless condition", which ended in a severe illness. See also Baron Delamere List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom Marquess of Cholmondeley Notes References Sources . Hoppit, Julian. A Land of Liberty? England 1689–1727 (2000) cover "Robin's Reign". Leadam, Isaac Saunders. Sir Robert Walpole – A Short Biography (1899) 60pp online O'Gorman, Frank. The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History 1688–1832 (1997) Speck, W.A. Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760 (1977) Further reading Blick, Andrew, and George Jones. At Power's Elbow: Aides to the Prime Minister from Robert Walpole to David Cameron (Biteback Publishing, 2013) Dickinson, Harry T. (1972) "Walpole and his critics," History Today (3 June 1972), Vol. 22 Issue 6, pp 410–419 online. Hartop, Christopher (2014), Sir Robert Walpole's Silver, London: Silver Society, Holmes, Geoffrey, and Daniel Szechi. The age of oligarchy: pre-industrial Britain 1722-1783 (1993) excerpt; "The Age of Walpole" pp 3–88 Marshall, Dorothy. Eighteenth Century England, 1714–1784 (2nd ed. 1974), pp 101–191, political narrative Plumb, J. H. "Sir Robert Walpole" History Today (Oct 1951) 1#10 pp 9–16 ; the standard scholarly biography; vol. 1: Sir Robert Walpole: The Making of a Statesman (1956) to 1722; vol 2: Sir Robert Walpole, The King's Minister (1960) ends in 1734; vol 3 was never finished; 1972 reprint combined vol 1 and vol 2 as Sir Robert Walpole Williams, Basil. The Whig Supremacy 1714–1760 (1939; 2nd ed. 1962) online edition; pp 180–212; covers his ministry 1721–42 Williams, Basil. "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole" English Historical Review 15#58 (Apr. 1900), pp. 251–276 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)" English Historical Review 15#59 (July 1900), pp. 479–494 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)" English Historical Review 59#60 (Oct. 1900), pp. 665–698 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole" English Historical Review 16#61 (Jan. 1901), pp. 67–83 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)" English Historical Review 16#62 (Apr. 1901), pp. 308–327 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)" English Historical Review 16#53 (July 1901), pp. 439–451 in JSTOR Primary sources Coxe, William. Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford (3 vol 1800) online External links Robert Walpole's biography on the UK history of government blog Houghton Hall Cholmondeley Castle Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford at the National Portrait Gallery, London Ancestors of Robert Walpole 1676 births 1745 deaths 18th-century heads of government Alumni of King's College, Cambridge British and English royal favourites British MPs 1707–1708 British MPs 1708–1710 British MPs 1710–1713 British MPs 1713–1715 British MPs 1715–1722 British MPs 1722–1727 British MPs 1727–1734 British MPs 1734–1741 British MPs 1741–1747 Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain Orford, Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of English art collectors English MPs 1701 English MPs 1701–1702 English MPs 1702–1705 English MPs 1705–1707 English politicians convicted of crimes Expelled members of the Parliament of Great Britain Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England Knights Companion of the Order of the Bath Knights of the Garter Leaders of the House of Commons of Great Britain Members of the Kit-Kat Club Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain MPs for rotten boroughs Paymasters of the Forces Peers of Great Britain created by George II People educated at Eton College People from Castle Rising People from Houghton, Norfolk Prime Ministers of Great Britain Prisoners in the Tower of London Residents of Thatched House Lodge Residents of White Lodge, Richmond Park Richmond Park Robert War Office Whig (British political party) MPs

<mask>, (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745; known between 1725 and 1742 as Sir <mask>) was a British statesman and Whig politician who is generally regarded as the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain. Although the exact dates of Walpole's dominance, dubbed the "Robinocracy", are a matter of scholarly debate, the period 1721–1742 is often used. He dominated the <mask> ministry, as well as the subsequent <mask> ministry, and holds the record as the longest-serving British prime minister. W. A. Speck wrote that <mask>'s uninterrupted run of 20 years as prime minister "is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history. Explanations are usually offered in terms of his expert handling of the political system after 1720, [and] his unique blending of the surviving powers of the crown with the increasing influence of the Commons". <mask> was a Whig from the gentry class who was first elected to Parliament in 1701 and held many senior positions. He was a country squire and looked to country gentlemen for his political base.Historian Frank O'Gorman says his leadership in Parliament reflected his "reasonable and persuasive oratory, his ability to move both the emotions as well as the minds of men, and, above all, his extraordinary self-confidence". Hoppit says <mask>'s policies sought moderation, he worked for peace, lower taxes and growing exports and allowed a little more tolerance for Protestant Dissenters. He mostly avoided controversy and high-intensity disputes as his middle way attracted moderates from both the Whig and Tory camps but his appointment to Chancellor of the Exchequer after the South Sea Bubble stock-market crisis drew attention to a perceived protection of political allies by Walpole. H. T. Dickinson sums up his historical role by saying that "<mask> was one of the greatest politicians in British history. He played a significant role in sustaining the Whig party, safeguarding the Hanoverian succession, and defending the principles of the Glorious Revolution (1688). He established a stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how best to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament". Scholars rank him highly among all British prime ministers.Early life <mask> was born in Houghton, Norfolk, in 1676. One of 19 children, he was the third son and fifth child of <mask>, a member of the local gentry and a Whig politician who represented the borough of Castle Rising in the House of Commons, and his wife <mask>, the daughter and heiress of Sir Geoffrey Burwell of Rougham, Suffolk. Horatio <mask>, 1st Baron Walpole was his younger brother. As a child, <mask> attended a private school at Massingham, Norfolk. <mask> entered Eton College in 1690 where he was a King's Scholar. He left Eton on 2 April 1696 and matriculated at King's College, Cambridge on the same day. On 25 May 1698, he left Cambridge after the death of his only remaining elder brother, Edward, so that he could help his father administer the family estate to which he had become the heir.<mask> had planned to become a clergyman but as he was now the eldest surviving son in the family, he abandoned the idea. In November 1700 his father died, and <mask> succeeded to inherit the <mask> estate. A paper in his father's handwriting, dated 9 June 1700, shows the family estate in Norfolk and Suffolk to have been nine manors in Norfolk and one in Suffolk. Early career Business success As a young man, <mask> had bought shares in the South Sea Company, which monopolised trade with Spain, the Caribbean and South America. The speculative market for slaves, rum and mahogany spawned a frenzy that had ramifications throughout Europe when it collapsed. However, <mask> had bought at the bottom and sold at the top, adding greatly to his inherited wealth and allowing him to create Houghton Hall as seen today. Political career <mask>'s political career began in January 1701 when he won a seat in the English general election at Castle Rising in Norfolk.He left Castle Rising in 1702 so that he could represent the neighbouring borough of King's Lynn, a pocket borough that would re-elect him for the remainder of his political career. Voters and politicians nicknamed him "Robin". Like his father, <mask> was a member of the Whig Party. In 1705, <mask> was appointed by Queen Anne to be a member of the council for her husband, Prince George of Denmark, Lord High Admiral. After having been singled out in a struggle between the Whigs and the government, <mask> became the intermediary for reconciling the government to the Whig leaders. His abilities were recognised by Lord Godolphin (the Lord High Treasurer and leader of the Cabinet) and he was subsequently appointed to the position of Secretary at War in 1708; for a short period of time in 1710 he also simultaneously held the post of Treasurer of the Navy. Despite his personal clout, however, <mask> could not stop Lord Godolphin and the Whigs from pressing for the prosecution of Henry Sacheverell, a minister who preached anti-Whig sermons.The trial was extremely unpopular with much of the country, causing the Sacheverell riots, and was followed by the downfall of the Duke of Marlborough and the Whig Party in the general election of 1710. The new ministry, under the leadership of the Tory <mask>, removed <mask> from his office of Secretary at War but he remained Treasurer of the Navy until 2 January 1711. Harley had first attempted to entice him and then threatened him to join the Tories, but <mask> rejected the offers, instead becoming one of the most outspoken members of the Whig Opposition. He effectively defended Lord Godolphin against Tory attacks in parliamentary debate, as well as in the press. In 1712, <mask> was accused of venality and corruption in the matter of two forage contracts for Scotland. Although it was proven that he had retained none of the money, <mask> was pronounced "guilty of a high breach of trust and notorious corruption". He was impeached by the House of Commons and found guilty by the House of Lords; he was then imprisoned in the Tower of London for six months and expelled from Parliament.While in the Tower he was regarded as a political martyr, and visited by all the Whig leaders. After he was released, <mask> wrote and published anonymous pamphlets attacking the Harley ministry and assisted Sir Richard Steele in crafting political pamphlets. <mask> was re-elected for King's Lynn in 1713. Stanhope–Sunderland ministry Queen Anne died in 1714. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, which excluded Roman Catholics from the line of succession, Anne was succeeded by her second cousin, the Elector of Hanover, George I. George I distrusted the Tories, who he believed opposed his right to succeed to the Throne. The year of George's accession, 1714, marked the ascendancy of the Whigs who would remain in power for the next fifty years. <mask> became a Privy Councillor and rose to the position of Paymaster of the Forces in a Cabinet nominally led by Lord Halifax, but actually dominated by Lord Townshend (<mask>'s brother-in-law) and James Stanhope.<mask> was also appointed chairman of a secret committee formed to investigate the actions of the previous Tory ministry in 1715. Lord Oxford was impeached, and Lord Bolingbroke suffered from an act of attainder. Lord Halifax, the titular head of the administration, died in 1715 and by 1716 <mask> was appointed to the posts of First Commissioner (Lord) of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was a member of the Board of General Officers established in 1717 to investigate the abuse of pay. <mask>'s fellow members, appointed by the Prince of Wales, included William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath – Secretary at War, General Lumley, General Erle and Sir Philip Meadowes – Controller of the Army and Knight Marshal of the King's Palace, whose daughter, Mary Meadows, was maid-of-honour to <mask>'s friend, Queen Caroline. A keen huntsman, <mask> built for himself Great Lodge (Old Lodge) in Richmond Park. Philip Medows, the deputy ranger of the park and son of <mask>'s political ally, Sir Philip Meadowes, lived at Great Lodge after <mask> had vacated it.In his new political positions, and encouraged by his advisers, <mask> introduced the sinking fund, a device to reduce the national debt. The Cabinet of which he was a member was often divided over most important issues. Normally, <mask> and Lord Townshend were on one side, with Stanhope and Lord Sunderland on the other. Foreign policy was the primary issue of contention; George I was thought to be conducting foreign affairs with the interests of his German territories, rather than those of Great Britain, at heart. The Stanhope–Sunderland faction, however, had the King's support. In 1716 Townshend had been removed from the important post of Northern Secretary and put in the lesser office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Even this change did not appease Stanhope and Sunderland, who secured the dismissal of Townshend from the Lord-Lieutenancy in April 1717.On the next day, <mask> resigned from the Cabinet to join the Opposition "because I could not connive at some things that were carrying on", and by joining the opposition he did not intend "to make the king uneasy or to embarrass his affairs." This began the Whig Split, dividing the dominant party for three years. In the new Cabinet, Sunderland and Stanhope (who was created an Earl) were the effective heads. <mask> reversed his earlier support for the Impeachment of <mask>, the former first minister, and joined with the Tory opposition in securing an acquittal in July 1717. Soon after <mask>'s resignation, a bitter family quarrel between the King and the Prince of Wales split the Royal Family. <mask> and others who opposed the Government often congregated at Leicester House, the home of the Prince of Wales, to form political plans. <mask> also became an adviser and close friend of the Prince of Wales's wife, Caroline.In 1720 he improved his position by bringing about a reconciliation between the Prince of Wales and the King. <mask> continued to be an influential figure in the House of Commons. He was especially active in opposing one of the Government's more significant proposals, the Peerage Bill, which would have limited the power of the monarch to create new peerages. <mask> brought about a temporary abandonment of the bill in 1719 and the outright rejection of the bill by the House of Commons. This defeat led Lord Stanhope and Lord Sunderland to reconcile with their opponents; <mask> returned as Paymaster of the Forces and Townshend was appointed Lord President of the Council. By accepting the position of Paymaster, however, <mask> lost the favour of the Prince of Wales (the future King George II), who still harboured disdain for his father's Government. Rise to power Soon after <mask> returned to the Cabinet, Britain was swept by a wave of over-enthusiastic speculation which led to the South Sea Bubble.The Government had established a plan whereby the South Sea Company would assume the national debt of Great Britain in exchange for lucrative bonds. It was widely believed that the company would eventually reap an enormous profit through international trade in cloth, agricultural goods, and slaves. Many in the country, including <mask> himself (who sold at the top of the market and made 1,000 per cent profit), frenziedly invested in the company. By the latter part of 1720, however, the company had begun to collapse as the price of its shares plunged. In 1721 a committee investigated the scandal, finding that there was corruption on the part of many in the Cabinet. Among those implicated were John Aislabie (the Chancellor of the Exchequer), James Craggs the Elder (the Postmaster General), James Craggs the Younger (the Southern Secretary), and even Lords Stanhope and Sunderland (the heads of the Ministry). Both Craggs the Elder and Craggs the Younger died in disgrace; the remainder were impeached for their corruption.Aislabie was found guilty and imprisoned, but the personal influence of <mask> saved both Stanhope and Sunderland. For his role in preventing these individuals and others from being punished, <mask> gained the nickname of "The Screen", or "Screenmaster-General". The resignation of Sunderland and the death of Stanhope in 1721 left <mask> as the most important figure in the administration. In April 1721 he was appointed First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons. <mask>'s de facto tenure as "prime minister" is often dated to his appointment as First Lord of the Treasury in 1721, though he himself rejected that title (it was originally a term of abuse), stating in 1741: "I unequivocally deny that I am sole and prime minister." His brother-in-law Lord Townshend served as Secretary of State for the Northern Department and controlled the nation's foreign affairs. The two also had to contend with the Secretary of State for the Southern Department, Lord Carteret.Townshend and <mask> were thus restored to power and "annihilated the opposing faction". Premiership under George I Under the guidance of <mask>, Parliament attempted to deal with the financial crisis brought on by the South Sea Bubble. The estates of the directors of the South Sea Company were used to relieve the suffering of the victims, and the stock of the company was divided between the Bank of England and East India Company. The crisis had gravely damaged the credibility of the King and of the Whig Party, but <mask> defended both with skilful oratory in the House of Commons. <mask>'s first year as prime minister was also marked by the discovery of a plot formed by Francis Atterbury, the bishop of Rochester. The exposure of the scheme crushed the hopes of the Jacobites whose previous attempts at rebellion (most notably the risings of 1715 and 1719) had also failed. The Tory Party was equally unfortunate even though Lord Bolingbroke, a Tory leader who fled to France to avoid punishment for his Jacobite sympathies, was permitted to return to Britain in 1723.During the remainder of George I's reign, <mask>'s ascendancy continued; the political power of the monarch was gradually diminishing and that of his ministers gradually increasing. In 1724 the primary political rival of <mask> and Townshend in the Cabinet, Lord Carteret, was dismissed from the post of Southern Secretary and once again appointed to the lesser office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In Ireland, Lord Carteret used his power to secretly aid in the controversy over Wood's Halfpence and support Drapier's Letters behind the scenes and cause harm to <mask>'s power. <mask> was able to recover from these events by removing the patent. However, Irish sentiment was situated against the English control. Townshend, working with the king, helped keep Great Britain at peace, especially by negotiating a treaty with France and Prussia in 1725. <mask> was not consulted and stated that Townshend was "too precipitate" in his actions.Great Britain, free from Jacobite threats, from war, and from financial crises, grew prosperous, and <mask> acquired the favour of George I. In 1725 he persuaded the king to revive the Knighthood of the Bath and was himself invested with the order, and in 1726 was made a Knight of the Garter, earning him the nickname "Sir Bluestring". His eldest son was granted a barony. Premiership under George II <mask>'s position was threatened in 1727 when George I died and was succeeded by George II. For a few days it seemed that <mask> would be dismissed but, on the advice of Queen Caroline, the King agreed to keep him in office. Although the King disliked Townshend, he retained him as well. Over the next years <mask> continued to share power with Townshend but the two clashed over British foreign affairs, especially over policy regarding Austria.Gradually <mask> became the clearly dominant partner in government. His colleague retired on 15 May 1730 and this date is sometimes given as the beginning of <mask>'s unofficial tenure as prime minister. Townshend's departure enabled <mask> to conclude the Treaty of Vienna, creating the Anglo-Austrian alliance. Opposition <mask>, a polarising figure, had many opponents, the most important of whom were in the Country Party, such as Lord Bolingbroke (who had been his political enemy since the days of Queen Anne) and William Pulteney (a capable Whig statesman who felt snubbed when <mask> failed to include him in the Cabinet). Bolingbroke and Pulteney ran a periodical called The Craftsman in which they incessantly denounced the Prime Minister's policies. <mask> was also satirised and parodied extensively; he was often compared to the criminal Jonathan Wild as, for example, John Gay did in his farcical Beggar's Opera. <mask>'s other enemies included Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Henry Fielding, and Samuel Johnson.Support <mask> secured the support of the people and of the House of Commons with a policy of avoiding war. He used his influence to prevent George II from entering the War of the Polish Succession in 1733, because it was a dispute between the Bourbons and the Habsburgs. He boasted, "There are 50,000 men slain in Europe this year, and not one Englishman." By avoiding wars, <mask> could lower taxes. He reduced the national debt with a sinking fund, and by negotiating lower interest rates. He reduced the land tax from four shillings in 1721, to 3s in 1728, 2s in 1731 and finally to only 1s in 1732. His long-term goal was to replace the land tax, which was paid by the local gentry, with excise and customs taxes, which were paid by merchants and ultimately by consumers.<mask> joked that the landed gentry resembled hogs, which squealed loudly whenever anyone laid hands on him. By contrast, he said, merchants were like sheep, and yielded their wool without complaint. The joke backfired in 1733 when he was defeated in a major battle to impose excise taxes on wine and tobacco. To reduce the threat of smuggling, the tax was to be collected not at ports but at warehouses. This new proposal, however, was extremely unpopular and aroused the opposition of the nation's merchants. <mask> agreed to withdraw the bill before Parliament voted on it, but he dismissed the politicians who had dared to oppose it in the first place. Thus, <mask> lost a considerable element of his Whig Party to the Opposition.After the general elections of 1734, <mask>'s supporters still formed a majority in the House of Commons although they were less numerous than before. He maintained both his parliamentary supremacy and his popularity in Norfolk, his home county. In May 1734, he presented a new silver mace "weighing 168 ounces, gilt and finely exchased, to the city of Norwich – on the cup part of it are Sir <mask>'s arms, and the arms of the city; it was first carried before Mayor Philip Meadows Esq. on the 29th of May". However, despite these great occasions, <mask>'s broader popularity had begun to wane. In 1736 an increase in the tax on gin inspired riots in London. The even more serious Porteous riots broke out in Edinburgh after the King pardoned a captain of the guard (John Porteous) who had commanded his troops to shoot a group of protesters.Though these events diminished <mask>'s popularity, they failed to shake his majority in Parliament. <mask>'s domination over the House of Commons was highlighted by the ease with which he secured the rejection of Sir John Barnard's plan to reduce the interest on the national debt. <mask> was also able to persuade Parliament to pass the Licensing Act of 1737 under which London theatres were regulated. The Act revealed a disdain for Swift, Pope, Fielding, and other literary figures who had attacked his government in their works. While the "country party" attacked <mask> relentlessly, he subsidised writers and lesser-known journalists such as William Arnall and Bishop Benjamin Hoadly as well as two men he named to the role of poet laureate, Laurence Eusden and Colley Cibber. They defended <mask> from the charge of evil political corruption by arguing that corruption is the universal human condition. Furthermore, they argued, political divisiveness was also universal and inevitable because of selfish passions that were integral to human nature.Arnall argued that government must be strong enough to control conflict, and in that regard <mask> was quite successful. This style of "court" political rhetoric continued through the 18th century. Decline The year 1737 saw the death of <mask>'s close friend Queen Caroline. Though her death did not end his personal influence with George II, who had grown loyal to the Prime Minister during the preceding years, <mask>'s domination of government continued to decline. His opponents acquired a vocal leader in the Prince of Wales who was estranged from his father, the King. Several young politicians including William Pitt the Elder and George Grenville formed a faction known as the "Patriot Boys" and joined the Prince of Wales in opposition. <mask>'s failure to maintain a policy of avoiding military conflict eventually led to his fall from power.Under the Treaty of Seville (1729), Great Britain agreed not to trade with the Spanish colonies in North America. Spain claimed the right to board and search British vessels to ensure compliance with this provision. Disputes, however, broke out over trade with the West Indies. <mask> attempted to prevent war but was opposed by the King, the House of Commons, and by a faction in his own Cabinet. In 1739 <mask> abandoned all efforts to stop the conflict and commenced the War of Jenkins' Ear (so called because <mask>, a Welsh mariner, claimed that a Spaniard inspecting his vessel had severed his ear). <mask>'s influence continued to dramatically decline even after the war began. In the 1741 general election his supporters secured an increase in votes in constituencies that were decided by mass electorates but failed to win in many pocket boroughs (constituencies subject to the informal but strong influence of patrons).In general the government made gains in England and Wales but this was not enough to overturn the reverses of the 1734 election and further losses in Cornwall where many constituencies were obedient to the will of the Prince of Wales (who was also Duke of Cornwall). These constituencies returned members of parliament hostile to the Prime Minister. Similarly, the influence of the Duke of Argyll secured the election of members opposed to <mask> in some parts of Scotland. <mask>'s new majority was difficult to determine because of the uncertain loyalties of many new members, but contemporaries and historians estimated it as low as fourteen to eighteen. In the new Parliament, many Whigs thought the aging Prime Minister incapable of leading the military campaign. Moreover, his majority was not as strong as it had formerly been, his detractors—such as William Pulteney, earl of Bath, and Lord Perceval—being approximately as numerous as his supporters. Behind these political enemies were opposition Whigs, Tories and Jacobites.<mask> was alleged to have presided over an immense increase in corruption and to have enriched himself enormously whilst in office. Parliamentary committees were formed to investigate these charges. In 1742 when the House of Commons was prepared to determine the validity of a by-election in Chippenham, <mask> and others agreed to treat the issue as a motion of no confidence. As <mask> was defeated on the vote, he agreed to resign from the Government. The news of the naval disaster against Spain in the Battle of Cartagena de Indias also prompted the end of his political career. King George II wept on his resignation and begged to see him frequently. As part of his resignation the King agreed to elevate him to the House of Lords as the Earl of Orford, Viscount Walpole and Baron Walpole of Houghton in the County of Norfolk, this occurred on 6 February 1742.Five days later he formally relinquished the seals of office. Although no longer First Lord of the Treasury, <mask> remained politically involved as an advisor. His former colleagues were still pleased to see him, perhaps in part because he retained the king's favour. After his resignation, his main political roles were to support the government by means of advice, to dole out some patronage and to speak on the ministry's behalf in the Lords. Later life Lord Orford was succeeded as prime minister by Lord Wilmington in an administration whose true head was Lord Carteret. A committee was created to inquire into <mask>'s ministry but no substantial evidence of wrongdoing or corruption was discovered. Though no longer a member of the Cabinet, Orford continued to maintain personal influence with George II and was often dubbed the "Minister behind the Curtain" for this advice and influence.In 1744 he managed to secure the dismissal of Carteret and the appointment of Henry Pelham whom he regarded as a political protégé. He advised Pelham to make use of his seat in the Commons to serve as a bridge between the King and Parliament, just as <mask> had done. During this time, <mask> also made two interventions in the Lords. The first was in January 1744 in the debate on Hanoverian troops being kept in British pay. <mask> prevented them from losing the troops. In his second intervention, <mask>, with fear of a Jacobite-inspired invasion in February 1744, made a speech on the situation. Frederick, Prince of Wales, usually hostile to <mask>, warmly received him at his court the next day, most likely because his father's throne, and the future of the whole Hanoverian dynasty, was at risk from the Stuart Pretender.Along with his political interests in his last years, <mask> enjoyed the pleasures of the hunt. Back at his recently rebuilt country seat in Houghton, Norfolk, such pastimes were denied him due to "dismal weather". He also enjoyed the beauties of the countryside. His art collection gave him particular pleasure. He had spent much money in the 1720s and 1730s in building up a collection of Old Masters from all over Europe. <mask> also concerned himself with estate matters. His health, never good, deteriorated rapidly toward the end of 1744; Orford died in London in 1745, aged 68 years; he was buried in the parish church of St Martin in Houghton, Norfolk.His earldom passed to his eldest son <mask> who was in turn succeeded by his only son George. Upon the death of the third Earl, the earldom was inherited by the first Earl's younger son <mask>, who is now remembered for his many thousands of insightful letters, published in 48 volumes by Yale University Press. Legacy <mask> exercised a tremendous influence on the politics of his day. The Tories became a minor, insignificant faction, and the Whigs became a dominant and largely unopposed party. His influence on the development of the uncodified constitution of Great Britain was less momentous even though he is regarded as Great Britain's first prime minister. He relied primarily on the favour of the King rather than on the support of the House of Commons. His power stemmed from his personal influence instead of the influence of his office.Most of his immediate successors were, comparatively speaking, extremely weak; it would take several decades more for the premiership to develop into the most powerful and most important office in the country. <mask>'s strategy of keeping Great Britain at peace contributed greatly to the country's prosperity. <mask> also managed to secure the position of the Hanoverian Dynasty, and effectively countervailed Jacobitism. The Jacobite threat ended, soon after <mask>'s term ended, with the defeat of the rebellion of 1745. Later in the century, the Whig MP Edmund Burke "admitted him into the whig pantheon". Burke wrote: Lord Chesterfield expressed scepticism as to whether "an impartial Character of Sr <mask>, will or can be transmitted to Posterity, for he governed this Kingdom so long that the various passions of Mankind mingled, and in a manner incorporated themselves, with every thing that was said or writt concerning him. Never was Man more flattered nor more abused, and his long power, was probably the chief cause of both".Chesterfield claimed he was "much acquainted with him both in his publick and his private life": 10 Downing Street represents another part of <mask>'s legacy. George II offered this home to <mask> as a personal gift in 1732, but <mask> accepted it only as the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, taking up his residence there on 22 September 1735. His immediate successors did not always reside in Number 10 (preferring their larger private residences) but the home has nevertheless become established as the official residence of the prime minister (in his or her capacity as First Lord of the Treasury). <mask> has attracted attention from heterodox economists as a pioneer of protectionist policies, in the form of tariffs and subsidies to woollen manufacturers. As a result, the industry became Britain's primary export, enabling the country to import the raw materials and food that fueled the industrial revolution. <mask> is immortalised in St Stephen's Hall, where he and other notable Parliamentarians look on at visitors to Parliament. <mask> built Houghton Hall in Norfolk as his country seat.He also left behind a collection of art which he had assembled during his career. His grandson, the 3rd Earl of Orford, sold many of the works in this collection to the Russian Empress Catherine II in 1779. This collection—then regarded as one of the finest in Europe—now lies in the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2013 the Hermitage loaned the collection to Houghton for display following the original William Kent hanging plan, recently discovered at Houghton. The nursery rhyme "Who Killed Cock Robin?" may allude to the fall of <mask>, who carried the popular nickname "Cock Robin". (Contemporaries satirised the <mask> regime as the "Robinocracy" or as the "Robinarchy").In the United States, the towns of Walpole, Massachusetts (founded in 1724), and Orford, New Hampshire (incorporated in 1761), take their respective names from Sir <mask>, Earl of Orford. Walpole Street in Wolverhampton is named after Sir <mask>. Walpole Island, named for Sir <mask>, comprises an island and an Indian reserve in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the border between Ontario and Michigan. It lies at the mouth of the St. Clair River on Lake St. Clair, approximately thirty miles (50 km) northeast of Detroit, Michigan, and of Windsor, Ontario. Family Catherine Shorter On 30 July 1700, <mask> married Catherine, daughter of John Shorter of Bybrook in Ashford, Kent. She was described as "a woman of exquisite beauty and accomplished manners". Her £20,000 dowry was, according to her brother-in-law Horatio <mask>, spent on the wedding, christenings and jewels.Together they had two daughters and three sons: <mask>, who married Margaret Rolle (17 January 1709 – 13 January 1781), later the 15th Baroness Clinton, in 1724. They had one son, George, who died unmarried. Katherine, who died unmarried and without issue Mary, who married George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley, on 14 September 1723. They had sons and daughters. She died at Aix-en-Provence in 1731, and was buried at Malpas, Cheshire. Edward, who died unmarried but had four illegitimate children with Dorothy Clement, three of whom were daughters. Laura, the eldest, married Bishop Frederick Keppel.The second daughter, <mask> (d. 1807), married, firstly, James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave and, secondly, Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, King George III's brother. His son, Edward, born in 1737, died in 1771 without issue. The youngest daughter, Charlotte, was wife of Lionel Tollemache, 5th Earl of Dysart. Horace, who died unmarried and without issue <mask>'s first wife Catherine died on 20 August 1737 and was buried in Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey. Maria Skerritt Prior to the death of his first wife, <mask> took on a mistress, Maria, daughter of Thomas Skerrett (died 1734; an Irish merchant living in Dover Street, London). She was a fashionable socialite of wit and beauty, with an independent fortune of £30,000. <mask> had married her by March 1738.They had been living openly together in Richmond Park and Houghton Hall before 1728. Maria had borne him a daughter, also called Maria, who was no longer illegitimate after her parents' marriage and, as the daughter of an Earl, became Lady <mask>. In 1746, this daughter married Colonel Charles Churchill of Chalfont (1720–1812), illegitimate son of General Charles Churchill, and became the housekeeper of Windsor Castle. Their daughter Mary became the second wife of Charles Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan, and had issue. His second wife died following a miscarriage on 4 June 1739. <mask> considered her "indispensable to his happiness", and her loss plunged him into a "deplorable and comfortless condition", which ended in a severe illness. See also Baron Delamere List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom Marquess of Cholmondeley Notes References Sources .Hoppit, Julian. A Land of Liberty? England 1689–1727 (2000) cover "Robin's Reign". Leadam, Isaac Saunders. Sir <mask> – A Short Biography (1899) 60pp online O'Gorman, Frank. The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History 1688–1832 (1997) Speck, W.A. Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760 (1977) Further reading Blick, Andrew, and George Jones.At Power's Elbow: Aides to the Prime Minister from <mask> to David Cameron (Biteback Publishing, 2013) Dickinson, Harry T. (1972) "<mask> and his critics," History Today (3 June 1972), Vol. 22 Issue 6, pp 410–419 online. Hartop, Christopher (2014), Sir <mask>'s Silver, London: Silver Society, Holmes, Geoffrey, and Daniel Szechi. The age of oligarchy: pre-industrial Britain 1722-1783 (1993) excerpt; "The Age of Walpole" pp 3–88 Marshall, Dorothy. Eighteenth Century England, 1714–1784 (2nd ed. 1974), pp 101–191, political narrative Plumb, J. H. "Sir <mask>" History Today (Oct 1951) 1#10 pp 9–16 ; the standard scholarly biography; vol. 1: Sir <mask>: The Making of a Statesman (1956) to 1722; vol 2: Sir <mask>, The King's Minister (1960) ends in 1734; vol 3 was never finished; 1972 reprint combined vol 1 and vol 2 as Sir <mask> Williams, Basil.The Whig Supremacy 1714–1760 (1939; 2nd ed. 1962) online edition; pp 180–212; covers his ministry 1721–42 Williams, Basil. "The Foreign Policy of England under <mask>" English Historical Review 15#58 (Apr. 1900), pp. 251–276 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> (Continued)" English Historical Review 15#59 (July 1900), pp. 479–494 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> (Continued)" English Historical Review 59#60 (Oct. 1900), pp. 665–698 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under <mask>" English Historical Review 16#61 (Jan. 1901), pp.67–83 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> (Continued)" English Historical Review 16#62 (Apr. 1901), pp. 308–327 in JSTOR "The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> (Continued)" English Historical Review 16#53 (July 1901), pp. 439–451 in JSTOR Primary sources Coxe, William.

Sir <mask>, was a British politician who was considered to be the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. Although the exact dates of <mask>'s dominance, dubbed the "Robinocracy", are a matter of scholarly debate, the period 1721–1742 is often used. He held the record as the longest-serving British prime minister after dominating the <mask> ministry. One of the major feats of British political history is the continuous run of 20 years as prime minister by <mask>. Explanations are usually offered in terms of his expert handling of the political system after 1720, and his unique blend of the surviving powers of the crown with the increasing influence of the Commons. The Whig from the gentry class was first elected to Parliament in 1701 and held many senior positions. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217Frank O'Gorman says that his leadership in Parliament reflected his "reasonable and persuasive oratory, his ability to move both the emotions as well as the minds of men, and, above all, his extraordinary self-confidence". He worked for peace, lower taxes and growing exports and allowed a little more tolerance for Protestant Dissenters, according to Hoppit. He mostly avoided controversy and high-intensity disputes as his middle way attracted moderates from both the Whig and Tory camps but his appointment to Chancellor of the Exchequer after the South Sea Bubble stock-market crisis drew attention to a perceived protection of political allies. "<mask> was one of the greatest politicians in British history," says H. T. Dickinson. He was involved in defending the principles of the Glorious Revolution, as well as sustaining the Whig party. He established a stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament. He is a highly ranked British prime minister.In 1676, <mask> was born in Norfolk. One of 19 children, he was the third son and fifth child of <mask>, a member of the local gentry and a Whig politician who represented the borough of Castle Rising in the House of Commons. He was the younger brother of the 1st Baron <mask>. <mask> attended a private school as a child. He was a King's Scholar at Eton College. He graduated from King's College, Cambridge on the same day he left Eton. He left Cambridge to help his father administer the family estate after Edward died.As he was the oldest son in the family, he abandoned his plan to become a clergyman. <mask> was able to inherit the estate after his father died. A paper in his father's handwriting shows the family estate in Norfolk and Suffolk to have been nine manors. The South Sea Company was a business that monopolised trade with Spain, the Caribbean and South America. Europe was affected by the collapse of the speculative market for slaves, rum and mahogany. He was able to create Houghton Hall by buying at the bottom and selling at the top. In January 1701, <mask> won a seat in the English general election at Castle Rising in Norfolk.He left Castle Rising in 1702 in order to represent King's Lynn, a pocket borough that would re-elect him for the rest of his political career. He was nicknamed "Robin" by voters and politicians. <mask> was a member of the Whig Party. In 1705 <mask> was appointed by Queen Anne to be a member of the council for her husband. After a fight between the Whigs and the government, <mask> became the middleman to reconcile the government to the Whigs. He was appointed to the position of Secretary at War in 1708 after being recognised by Lord Godolphin, who was the leader of the Cabinet. Despite his personal clout, Lord Godolphin and the Whigs were able to press for the prosecution of a minister who preached against the Whigs.The Duke of Marlborough and the Whig Party were defeated in the general election of 1710 due to the unpopularity of the trial. The Secretary at War was removed by the new ministry under the leadership of <mask>, but he remained the Treasurer of the Navy until January 2, 1711. He became one of the most outspoken members of the Whig opposition after Harley tried to entice him and then threatened to join the Tories. He defended Lord Godolphin against attacks in the press. In 1712 <mask> was accused of venality and corruption. Although it was proven that he had not kept the money, he was found guilty of a high breach of trust and notorious corruption. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London for six months after he was found guilty in the House of Commons.He was regarded as a political martyr when he was in the Tower. Sir Richard Steele was assisted in crafting political pamphlets by <mask> after he was released. In 1713, <mask> was re-elected for King's Lynn. Queen Anne died in 1714. The Act of Settlement 1701, which excluded Roman Catholics from the line of succession, allowed George I to succeed Anne. The year of George's accession, 1714, marked the ascendancy of the Whigs who would remain in power for the next fifty years. <mask> rose to the position of Paymaster of the Forces in a Cabinet dominated by Lord Townshend and James Stanhope, his brother-in-law.A secret committee was formed in 1715 to investigate the actions of the previous ministry. Lord Oxford and Lord Bolingbroke were both impeached. The First Commissioner (Lord) of the Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer was appointed in 1716 after the death of the head of the administration. The abuse of pay was investigated by the Board of General Officers. The members appointed by the Prince of Wales were William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, General Lumley, General Erle and Sir Philip Meadowes. The Great Lodge was built for <mask>, a keen huntsman. Philip Medows lived at Great Lodge after his father, Sir Philip Meadowes, left it.The sinking fund, a device to reduce the national debt, was introduced by <mask> in his new political positions. He was a member of a Cabinet that was often divided over important issues. Normally, both Lord Townshend and Lord Townshend were on the same side. George I was thought to be conducting foreign affairs with the interests of his German territories in mind, rather than those of Great Britain. The King supported the Stanhope–Sunderland group. Townshend was put in the lesser office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland after being removed from the important post of Northern Secretary. Townshend was dismissed from the Lord-Lieutenancy in April 1717 because of this change.On the day after he resigned from the Cabinet, he joined the opposition because he didn't want to make the king uneasy. The dominant party was divided for three years. Stanhope, who was created an Earl, was the effective head in the new Cabinet. In July 1717, <mask> joined with the Conservative opposition in securing an acquittal for <mask>, the former first minister. The Royal Family was split after a family quarrel between the King and Prince of Wales. The home of the Prince of Wales was often used by those opposed to the Government to form political plans. A close friend of the Prince of Wales's wife, <mask> was an adviser.He brought about a reconciliation between the Prince of Wales and the King in 1720. The House of Commons continued to have an influence on it. The Peerage Bill would have limited the power of the monarch to create new peerages. In 1719, <mask> abandoned the bill and the House of Commons rejected it. After this defeat, Lord Stanhope and Lord Sunderland reconciled with their opponents and Lord Townshend was appointed Lord President of the Council. The Prince of Wales still harboured disdain for his father's Government despite the fact that he had accepted the position of Paymaster. Britain was swept by a wave of over-enthusiastic speculation which led to the South Sea Bubble after <mask> returned to the Cabinet.The South Sea Company would assume the national debt of Great Britain in exchange for lucrative bonds. It was thought that the company would eventually make a lot of money from international trade in cloth, agricultural goods, and slaves. Many in the country, including the man who sold at the top of the market and made 1,000 per cent profit, invested in the company. As the price of its shares fell, the company began to collapse. A committee investigated the scandal in 1721 and found that there was corruption in the Cabinet. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, John Aislabie, and the Postmaster General, James Craggs the Elder, were among those implicated. The Elder and Younger were both impeached for their corruption.Aislabie was found guilty and imprisoned, but the personal influence of <mask> saved Stanhope. The nickname "Screenmaster-General" was given to <mask> by his role in preventing these individuals and others from being punished. After Stanhope's death in 1721, the most important figure in the administration was <mask>. He became First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons in 1721. In 1721, he was appointed First Lord of the Treasury, but in 1741 he denied being sole and prime minister. His brother-in-law Lord Townshend was the Secretary of State for the Northern Department. Lord Carteret was the Secretary of State for the Southern Department.Townshend and <mask> were restored to power. Parliament tried to deal with the financial crisis brought on by the South Sea Bubble. The estates of the directors of the South Sea Company were used to relieve the suffering of the victims, and the stock of the company was divided between the Bank of England and East India Company. The credibility of the King and the Whig Party was badly damaged by the crisis. The prime minister's first year was marked by the discovery of a plot formed by the bishop of Rochester. The Jacobites' previous attempts at rebellion, most notably the risings of 1715 and 1719) had also failed, were crushed by the exposure of the scheme. Lord Bolingbroke was allowed to return to Britain in 1723 despite fleeing to France to avoid punishment for his Jacobite sympathies.The political power of the monarch was gradually diminishing and that of his ministers was increasing during the remainder of George I's reign. Lord Carteret was once again appointed to the lesser office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland after being dismissed from the post of Southern Secretary. In Ireland, Lord Carteret used his power to secretly aid in the controversy over Wood's Halfpence and support Drapier's Letters behind the scenes. The events were able to be recovered by removing the patent. Irish sentiment was against the English control. Townshend helped keep Great Britain at peace by negotiating a treaty with France and Prussia. Townshend was "too precipitate" in his actions and was not consulted.Great Britain, free from Jacobite threats, from war, and from financial crises, grew prosperous, and <mask> acquired the favour of George I. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1726 after persuading the king to revive the Knighthood of the Bath. His oldest son was granted a barony. George II succeeded George I in 1727. The King agreed to keep him in office despite the fact that it seemed that he would be dismissed. The King retained Townshend even though he disliked him. Townshend and <mask> clashed over British foreign affairs over the course of the next few years.The clearly dominant partner in government was <mask>. The beginning of <mask>'s unofficial tenure as prime minister can be found on 15 May 1730, when his colleague retired. The Treaty of Vienna was concluded thanks to Townshend's departure. Lord Bolingbroke, who had been his political enemy since the days of Queen Anne, and William Pulteney, who was a Whig, were the most important of the opposition's opponents. Bolingbroke and Pulteney ran a periodical that criticized the Prime Minister's policies. John Gay did a farcical Beggar's Opera in which he parodied the criminal Jonathan Wild. Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Henry Fielding, and Samuel Johnson were Walpole's enemies.The people and the House of Commons supported the policy of avoiding war. George II was prevented from entering the War of the Polish Succession in 1733 because of a dispute between the Bourbons and the Habsburgs. He claimed that there are 50,000 men slain in Europe this year and not one Englishman. The lower taxes could be achieved by avoiding wars. He negotiated lower interest rates and reduced the national debt. The land tax was reduced from four shillings in 1721 to 3 shillings in 1728 to 2 shillings in 1731 and finally to 1 shillings in 1732. He wanted to replace the land tax with excise and customs taxes, which were paid by merchants and ultimately by consumers.When anyone laid hands on him, the landed gentry sounded like hogs. He said merchants were like sheep and gave their wool without complaint. The joke backfired when he was defeated in a battle to impose excise taxes on wine and tobacco. To reduce the threat of smuggled goods, the tax was to be collected at warehouses. The new proposal aroused the opposition of the nation's merchants. The politicians who had dared to oppose it in the first place were dismissed by <mask>. The Whig Party lost a lot of its members to the opposition.The House of Commons formed a majority after the general elections of 1734, although they were less numerous than before. He was popular in Norfolk, his home county. In May 1734, he presented a new silver mace weighing 168 ounces, gilt and finely exchased, to the city of Norwich, on the cup part of it are Sir <mask>'s arms, and the arms of the city. On the 29th of May. Despite the great occasions, <mask>'s broader popularity waned. Riots in London were caused by an increase in the tax on gin. The riots broke out in Edinburgh after the King pardoned a captain of the guard who had commanded his troops to shoot a group of protesters.These events did not change his majority in Parliament. The ease with which he secured the rejection of Sir John Barnard's plan to reduce the interest on the national debt was highlighted by the domination over the House of Commons. The Licensing Act of 1737 allowed London theatres to be regulated. Swift, Pope, and other literary figures were disdained by the Act. While the "country party" attacked <mask> relentlessly, he subsidized writers and lesser-known journalists such as William Arnall and Bishop Benjamin Hoadly as well as two men he named to the role of poet Laureate, Laurence Eusden and Colley Cibber. They argued that corruption is a universal human condition. They argued that political divisiveness was inevitable because of selfish passions that were part of human nature.In order to control conflict, government must be strong. The style of "court" political rhetoric continued through the 18th century. The year 1737 saw the death of a close friend. Her death did not end his personal influence with George II, who had grown loyal to the Prime Minister, as his domination of government continued to decline. His opponents had a vocal leader in the Prince of Wales who was estranged from his father. William Pitt the Elder and George Grenville joined the Prince of Wales in opposing a group of young politicians. His fall from power was caused by his failure to maintain a policy of avoiding military conflict.The Spanish colonies in North America were not allowed to trade with Great Britain. The right to board and search British vessels was claimed by Spain. There were disagreements over trade with the West Indies. The King, the House of Commons, and a group in his own Cabinet opposed the attempt to prevent war. The War of Jenkins' Ear was started in 1739 because a Welsh mariner claimed that a Spaniard had severed his ear. After the war began, <mask>'s influence continued to decline. In the 1741 general election, his supporters secured an increase in votes in constituencies that were decided by mass electorates but failed to win in many pocket boroughs.Even though the government made gains in England and Wales, it was not enough to overturn the reverses of the 1734 election and further losses in Cornwall where many constituencies were obedient to the will of the Prince of Wales. Members of hostile parliament were returned to the Prime Minister. In some parts of Scotland, the Duke of Argyll's influence resulted in the election of members opposed to <mask>. It was difficult to determine the new majority because of the uncertain loyalties of many new members, but historians estimated it to be as low as fourteen to eighteen. The Prime Minister was thought to be incapable of leading the military campaign by many Whigs. His detractors, such as William Pulteney, earl of Bath, and Lord Perceval, were as many as his supporters. Whigs, Tories and Jacobites were behind the political enemies.It was alleged that <mask> enriched himself enormously while in office and presided over an increase in corruption. These charges were investigated by parliamentary committees. In 1742, when the House of Commons was prepared to determine the validity of a by-election in Chippenham, <mask> and others agreed to treat the issue as a motion of no confidence. He resigned from the Government as he was defeated on the vote. The naval disaster against Spain in the Battle of Cartagena de Indias led to the end of his political career. On his resignation, King George II cried and begged to see him. The Earl of Orford was elevated to the House of Lords as a result of his resignation, which took place on 6 February 1742.He gave up the seals of office five days later. Although no longer the First Lord of the Treasury, he remained politically involved as an advisor. His former colleagues were still happy to see him. His main political roles were to support the government by means of advice, to dole out some patronage and to speak on the ministry's behalf in the House of Commons. Lord Carteret was the true head of the administration that succeeded Lord Orford as prime minister. There was no evidence of wrongdoing or corruption when the committee was created. Orford was dubbed the "Minister behind the Curtain" for his influence on George II even though he was no longer a member of the Cabinet.He was able to get the dismissal of Carteret and the appointment of Henry Pelham who he considered to be a political ally. He told Pelham to use his seat in the Commons to serve as a bridge between the King and Parliament. Two interventions were made in the lords. The debate on keeping troops in British pay was the first of its kind. They weren't able to lose the troops. In February 1744, with fear of a Jacobite-inspired invasion, <mask> made a speech. Frederick warmly received him at his court the next day, most likely because his father's throne was at risk from the Stuart Pretender.In his last years, <mask> enjoyed the pleasures of the hunt. He was denied pastimes at his country seat due to the bad weather. He liked the beauty of the countryside. His collection of art gave him pleasure. He spent a lot of money in the 1720s and 1730s to build up a collection of Old Masters. He was concerned with estate matters. Orford died in London in 1745 at the age of 68 years and was buried in the parish church of St Martin.<mask> was succeeded by his only son George. After the death of the third Earl, the earldom was passed on to the first Earl's younger son, who published 48 volumes of insightful letters. The politics of Legacy Walpole were greatly influenced by him. The Whigs became a dominant party and the Tories became insignificant. Even though he is the first prime minister of Great Britain, his influence on the development of the uncodified constitution was less significant. The favour of the King was more important than the support of the House of Commons. The power of his office was not related to his personal influence.Most of his immediate successors were weak and it would take several decades more for the premier to become the most powerful and important office in the country. The country's prosperity was due to the strategy of keeping Great Britain at peace. The position of the Hanoverian Dynasty was wrested from Jacobitism. The rebellion of 1745 ended the Jacobite threat. Edmund Burke admitted him into the pantheon later in the century. Lord Chesterfield expressed skepticism as to whether an impartial Character of Sr <mask>, will or can be transmitted to Posterity, for he governed this Kingdom so long that the various passions of mankind mingled, and in a manner incorporated themselves, with every thing that was said or writt. Man was flattered and abused because of his long power.It was claimed that he was acquainted with him both in his publick and private life. In 1732, George II gave this home to <mask> as a personal gift, but he later accepted it as the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury. Number 10 has become the official residence of the prime minister in his or her capacity as First Lord of the Treasury because his immediate successors did not always reside there. The introduction of tariffs and subsidies to woollen manufacturers was a pioneer of protectionist policies. Britain's primary export was the industry, which allowed the country to import the raw materials and food that fueled the industrial revolution. The Parliamentarians look on at visitors to Parliament in St Stephen's Hall. Houghton Hall was built by <mask> as his country seat.He had assembled a collection of art during his career. The 3rd Earl of Orford sold many of the works in this collection to the Russian Empress Catherine II. The State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia, houses this collection, which was considered to be one of the finest in Europe. Following the discovery of the original William Kent hanging plan, the Hermitage lent the collection to Houghton. "Who Killed Cock Robin?" is a nursery rhyme. The nickname "Cock Robin" was associated with the fall of <mask>. The "Robinocracy" or the "Robinarchy" were the terms used to describe the <mask> regime.In the United States, the towns of Walpole, Massachusetts and Orford, New Hampshire are named after Sir <mask>, Earl of Orford. The street is named after a man. There is an island and an Indian reserve in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the border between Ontario and Michigan. It is located at the mouth of the St. Catherine Shorter was married to <mask> on July 30, 1700. She was described as an accomplished woman. According to her brother-in-law, she spent £20,000 on her wedding, jewels, and other items.<mask> married Margaret Rolle in January 1709 and they had two daughters and three sons. George died unmarried. Mary, who died unmarried and without issue, married George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley, on 14 September 1723. They had sons and daughters. She died at Aix-en-Provence in 1731 and was buried at Malpas. Edward had illegitimate children with three of them being daughters. Laura married Bishop Keppel.James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave and Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh were all married to <mask>. Edward died without issue. Charlotte was the wife of Lionel Tollemache, 5th Earl of Dysart. The first wife of <mask>, Catherine, died on August 20, 1737 and was buried in the Henry VII Chapel. Maria Skerritt was a mistress of <mask> prior to his first wife's death. She had an independent fortune of 30,000 dollars. She was married to <mask> by March 1738.They had been living together in public. After his parents' marriage, Maria gave birth to a daughter, also called Maria, who became the daughter of an Earl. The illegitimate son of General Charles Churchill was married to this daughter in 1746 and became the maid of Windsor Castle. Mary was the second wife of 1st Earl Cadogan. On 4 June 1739, his second wife died. Her loss plunged him into a "deplorable and comfortless condition", which ended in a severe illness. See the Baron Delamere List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom."Hoppit" is the name of the man. Is it a land of liberty? England covered "Robin's Reign" in 2000. The name is Leadam, and it is by the name of Isaac Saunders. O'Gorman, Frank, has online a 60pp biography of Sir <mask>. The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History was published in 1997. Blick, Andrew, and George Jones were added to the book."<mask> and his critics" was published in 1972 in History Today. The online edition of 22 Issue 6, pp 410–423. Sir <mask>'s Silver, London: Silver Society was written by Christopher Hartop. "The Age of Walpole" pp 3–88 was written by Marshall. The Eighteenth Century England. "Sir <mask>" History Today (Oct 1951) pp 9–16 is a standard scholarly biography. The Making of a Statesman and The King's Minister both ended in 1734, but the combined vol 1 and vol 2 were never finished.The 2nd ed. of The Whig Supremacy was published in 1939. The online edition covers his ministry 1721–42 Williams, Basil. The Foreign Policy of England was written in the English Historical Review. pp. The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> is in the English Historical Review. The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> is in the English Historical Review. The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> is in the English Historical Review.The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> is in the English Historical Review. In 1901, pp. The Foreign Policy of England under <mask> is in the English Historical Review. Coxe, William is one of the primary sources.

12532827

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic%20Whitehurst

Frederic Whitehurst

Frederic "Fred" Whitehurst is an American chemist and attorney who served as a Supervisory Special Agent in the Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory from 1986 to 1998. Concerned about problems he saw among agents, he went public as a whistleblower to bring attention to procedural errors and misconduct by agents. The FBI agreed to 40 reforms to improve the forensic reliability of its testing. Biography Vietnam Whitehurst served as an intelligence specialist at the Americal base in Đức Phổ, Vietnam during the early 1970s. He was tasked with reviewing seized documents and destroying any that had no military value. Working with translator Sergeant Nguyen Trung Hieu and following his advice, he saved two diaries written by Dr. Đặng Thùy Trâm, a civilian woman doctor working for North Vietnam. He kept them for 35 years, with the intention of eventually returning them to Trâm's family, if possible. FBI career Dr. Whitehurst received a Ph.D. in chemistry from Duke University, and a J.D. from Georgetown University. He joined the FBI in 1982 and served as a Supervisory Special Agent in the FBI crime lab from 1986-1998. While he was employed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, the FBI officially rated Dr. Whitehurst as the leading national and international expert in the science of explosives and explosives residue. Concerned about a number of issues that he observed and by the behavior of agents in the laboratory, he began to investigate their procedures. He eventually uncovered and reported what he thought were cases of scientific misconduct, alleging that the agents were biased toward the prosecution. In the OIG's report of Whitehurst's allegations, it was concluded that,"most of Whitehurst allegations were not substantiated," and that Dr. Whitehurst had, "common sense and judgement to serve as forensics examiner. The FBI crime lab finally agreed to forty major reforms, including undergoing an accreditation process. During this period, to protect himself in administrative proceedings, Whitehurst hired Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto, a Washington, D.C. law firm specializing in defending whistleblowers. Post-FBI years Dr. Whitehurst currently serves as the Executive Director of the Forensic Justice Project (FJP). The FJP was formed in 1998 as a project of the National Whistleblower Center, a non-profit 501(c)3 organization. The goal of the FJP is to lead a national effort to accomplish the following: Review cases to make sure that innocent people have not been wrongfully convicted through the misuse of forensic science; Provide expert testimony in cases in order to assure that forensic science is not misused in civil and criminal prosecutions impacting on the public interest or the rights of individuals; Offer objective scientific evaluations of forensic evidence; Publish and distribute information necessary for an objective analysis of the quality and objectivity of forensic science and crime laboratories nationwide. Dr. Whitehurst practices criminal law in Bethel, North Carolina. He was elected to the commission of the town of Bethel. The Diaries In March 2005, he and his brother Robert (also a Vietnam War veteran) brought the Đặng Thùy Trâm diaries to a conference on the Vietnam War at Texas Tech University. There, they met photographer Ted Engelmann (also a Vietnam veteran), who offered to look for the family during his trip to Vietnam the next month. With the assistance of Đỗ Xuân Anh, a staff member in the Hanoi Quaker office, Engelmann was able to locate Trâm’s mother, Doãn Ngọc Trâm. He obtained connections to the rest of her family. In July 2005, Trâm’s diaries were published in Vietnamese under the title Nhật ký Đặng Thùy Trâm (Đặng Thùy Trâm’s Diary), which quickly became a bestseller. In less than a year, the volume sold more than 300,000 copies, and comparisons were drawn between Trâm’s writings and that of Anne Frank. In August 2005, Fred and Robert Whitehurst traveled to Hanoi, Vietnam, to meet Trâm’s family. In October of the same year, the Vietnamese family came to Lubbock, Texas, to view the diaries, which are archived at Texas Tech University's Vietnam Archive. They visited Fred Whitehurst and his family in his home state of North Carolina. The diaries have been translated into English and published in September 2007. The book includes photographs of Đặng during high school and with her family. Additional translations have been made and the book has been published in at least sixteen different languages. In 2009 a film about Đặng Thùy Trâm by Vietnamese director Đặng Nhật Minh, entitled Đừng Đốt (Do Not Burn It), was released. Legacy During his military service in Vietnam, Whitehurst saved Dr. Đặng Thùy Trâm's diaries, which were first published in 2005 and are the basis for the 2009 film Đừng Đốt (Do Not Burn It). In addition, as noted above, he investigated, uncovered and reported scientific misconduct which forced the FBI crime lab to agree to forty major reforms, including undergoing an accreditation process. References Further reading Tainting Evidence: Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab, by John F. Kelly and Phillip K. Wearne Tainting Evidence: Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab Prologue, New York Times Web External links National Whistleblower Center Forensic Justice Project Whitehurst' testimony at the World Trade Center Bombing Trial "Dismal Science: When the F.B.I.'s crime lab makes a mistake, two journalists contend, it's a beaut", by David Johnston, New York Times review of Tainting Evidence (September 27, 1998) "Tainting Evidence: Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab, by John F. Kelly and Phillip K. Wearne", Crime Magazine review Introduction about Whitehurst by National Whistleblower Center Chairman Stephen M. Kohn, Esq. before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, May 13, 2007 Living people Georgetown University Law Center alumni Duke University alumni North Carolina lawyers American whistleblowers Year of birth missing (living people)

<mask>Fred<mask> is an American chemist and attorney who served as a Supervisory Special Agent in the Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory from 1986 to 1998. Concerned about problems he saw among agents, he went public as a whistleblower to bring attention to procedural errors and misconduct by agents. The FBI agreed to 40 reforms to improve the forensic reliability of its testing. Biography <mask> served as an intelligence specialist at the Americal base in Đức Phổ, Vietnam during the early 1970s. He was tasked with reviewing seized documents and destroying any that had no military value. Working with translator Sergeant Nguyen Trung Hieu and following his advice, he saved two diaries written by Dr. Đặng Thùy Trâm, a civilian woman doctor working for North Vietnam. He kept them for 35 years, with the intention of eventually returning them to Trâm's family, if possible.FBI career Dr<mask> received a Ph.D. in chemistry from Duke University, and a J.D. from Georgetown University. He joined the FBI in 1982 and served as a Supervisory Special Agent in the FBI crime lab from 1986-1998. While he was employed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, the FBI officially rated Dr. <mask> as the leading national and international expert in the science of explosives and explosives residue. Concerned about a number of issues that he observed and by the behavior of agents in the laboratory, he began to investigate their procedures. He eventually uncovered and reported what he thought were cases of scientific misconduct, alleging that the agents were biased toward the prosecution. In the OIG's report of <mask>'s allegations, it was concluded that,"most of <mask> allegations were not substantiated," and that Dr. <mask> had, "common sense and judgement to serve as forensics examiner.The FBI crime lab finally agreed to forty major reforms, including undergoing an accreditation process. During this period, to protect himself in administrative proceedings, <mask> hired Kohn, Kohn & Colapinto, a Washington, D.C. law firm specializing in defending whistleblowers. Post-FBI years Dr. <mask> currently serves as the Executive Director of the Forensic Justice Project (FJP). The FJP was formed in 1998 as a project of the National Whistleblower Center, a non-profit 501(c)3 organization. The goal of the FJP is to lead a national effort to accomplish the following: Review cases to make sure that innocent people have not been wrongfully convicted through the misuse of forensic science; Provide expert testimony in cases in order to assure that forensic science is not misused in civil and criminal prosecutions impacting on the public interest or the rights of individuals; Offer objective scientific evaluations of forensic evidence; Publish and distribute information necessary for an objective analysis of the quality and objectivity of forensic science and crime laboratories nationwide. Dr. <mask> practices criminal law in Bethel, North Carolina. He was elected to the commission of the town of Bethel.The Diaries In March 2005, he and his brother Robert (also a Vietnam War veteran) brought the Đặng Thùy Trâm diaries to a conference on the Vietnam War at Texas Tech University. There, they met photographer Ted Engelmann (also a Vietnam veteran), who offered to look for the family during his trip to Vietnam the next month. With the assistance of Đỗ Xuân Anh, a staff member in the Hanoi Quaker office, Engelmann was able to locate Trâm’s mother, Doãn Ngọc Trâm. He obtained connections to the rest of her family. In July 2005, Trâm’s diaries were published in Vietnamese under the title Nhật ký Đặng Thùy Trâm (Đặng Thùy Trâm’s Diary), which quickly became a bestseller. In less than a year, the volume sold more than 300,000 copies, and comparisons were drawn between Trâm’s writings and that of Anne Frank. In August 2005, Fred and <mask> traveled to Hanoi, Vietnam, to meet Trâm’s family.In October of the same year, the Vietnamese family came to Lubbock, Texas, to view the diaries, which are archived at Texas Tech University's Vietnam Archive. They visited <mask> and his family in his home state of North Carolina. The diaries have been translated into English and published in September 2007. The book includes photographs of Đặng during high school and with her family. Additional translations have been made and the book has been published in at least sixteen different languages. In 2009 a film about Đặng Thùy Trâm by Vietnamese director Đặng Nhật Minh, entitled Đừng Đốt (Do Not Burn It), was released. Legacy During his military service in Vietnam, <mask> saved Dr. Đặng Thùy Trâm's diaries, which were first published in 2005 and are the basis for the 2009 film Đừng Đốt (Do Not Burn It).In addition, as noted above, he investigated, uncovered and reported scientific misconduct which forced the FBI crime lab to agree to forty major reforms, including undergoing an accreditation process. References Further reading Tainting Evidence: Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab, by John F. Kelly and Phillip K. Wearne Tainting Evidence: Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab Prologue, New York Times Web External links National Whistleblower Center Forensic Justice Project <mask>' testimony at the World Trade Center Bombing Trial "Dismal Science: When the F.B.I. 's crime lab makes a mistake, two journalists contend, it's a beaut", by David Johnston, New York Times review of Tainting Evidence (September 27, 1998) "Tainting Evidence: Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab, by John F. Kelly and Phillip K. Wearne", Crime Magazine review Introduction about Whitehurst by National Whistleblower Center Chairman Stephen M. Kohn, Esq. before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, May 13, 2007 Living people Georgetown University Law Center alumni Duke University alumni North Carolina lawyers American whistleblowers Year of birth missing (living people)

<mask>Fred<mask> was an American chemist and attorney who worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1986 to 1998. He went public as a whistle blower because he was concerned about the problems he saw among agents. 40 reforms have been agreed to by the FBI. Vietnam <mask> was an intelligence specialist at the Americal base in Vietnam. He was asked to destroy documents that had no military value. Sergeant Trung Hieu told him to save the two diaries written by Dr. ng Thy Trm. He kept them for 35 years with the intention of eventually returning them to the family.<mask> received a degree in chemistry from Duke University. From Georgetown University. He was a Supervisory Special Agent in the FBI crime lab from 1986-1998. The FBI rated Dr. <mask> as the leading national and international expert in the science of explosives. He began to investigate their procedures after observing a number of issues in the laboratory. He alleged that the agents were biased toward the prosecution when he uncovered the cases of scientific misconduct. Most of <mask>'s allegations were not substantiated according to the OIG's report.Forty major reforms have been agreed to by the FBI crime lab. <mask> hired a Washington, D.C. law firm to defend him in administrative proceedings. The Executive Director of the FJP is Dr. <mask>. The National Whistleblower Center formed the FJP as a project in 1998. Review cases to make sure that innocent people have not been wrongly convicted through the misuse of forensic science, and provide expert testimony in cases in order to assure that forensic science is not used in civil and criminal prosecutions. <mask> practices criminal law in North Carolina. He was elected to the commission.The ng Thy Trm diaries were brought to a Texas Tech University conference by his brother Robert. Ted Engelmann, a Vietnam veteran, offered to look for the family during his trip to Vietnam. With the help of Xun Anh, a staff member in the Hanoi Quaker office, Engelmann was able to locate his mother. She had connections to the rest of her family. The Nht k ng Thy Trm (ng Thy Trm's Diary) was published in Vietnam in July of 2005. The volume sold more than 300,000 copies in less than a year, and was compared to Anne Frank. In August 2005, Fred and <mask> traveled to Vietnam to meet a family.The Vietnam family came to Lubbock, Texas, in October of the same year to view the diaries at Texas Tech University's Vietnam Archive. They went to visit <mask> and his family. The diaries were published in September of 2007. Photographs of ng during high school are included in the book. The book has been published in at least sixteen different languages. ng Nht Minh's film about ng Thy Trm was released in 2009. The basis for the film ng t (Do Not Burn It) was saved by <mask> during his military service in Vietnam.The FBI crime lab agreed to forty major reforms, including undergoing an accreditation process, after he investigated, uncovered and reported scientific misconduct. Tainting Evidence: Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab was written by John F. Kelly and Phillip K. Wearne. "'s crime lab makes a mistake, two journalists contend, it's a beaut", is a New York Times review of Tainting Evidence. May 13, 2007, before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime.

195357

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagius

Pelagius

Pelagius (; 354-418) was a British monk and theologian, his theological system is known as Pelagianism, which emphasized human choice in salvation. Pelagius and his followers abhorred the moral standards of Christians in Rome, which he blamed on the view of divine grace. Pelagius was accused of heresy at the synod of Jerusalem in 415 and his doctrines were harshly criticized by Augustine of Hippo, especially the Pelagian views about humankind's good nature and individual responsibility for choosing ascetism. Pelagius especially stressed the freedom of human will. Very little is known about the personal life and the career of Pelagius. Beginnings Pelagius was active between about 390 and 418. He is said by his contemporaries, such as Augustine of Hippo, Prosper of Aquitaine, Marius Mercator, and Paul Orosius, to have been of Celtic British origin. Jerome apparently thought that Pelagius was Irish, suggesting that he was "stuffed with Irish porridge" (Scotorum pultibus praegravatus). He was tall in stature and portly in appearance. Pelagius was also highly educated, spoke and wrote Latin and Greek with great fluency, and was well versed in theology. His name has traditionally been understood as a Graecized form (from pélagos, "sea") of the Welsh name Morgan ("sea-born"), or another Celtic equivalent. Pelagius became better known around 380 when he moved to Rome. There he enjoyed a reputation of austerity; he also corresponded with St. Paulinus of Nola. Pelagius became concerned about the moral laxity of society. He blamed this laxity on the theology of divine grace preached by Augustine, among others. He began to teach a very strict, rigid moralism, emphasizing a natural, innate human ability to attain salvation. Twenty-five years after the fact, Augustine related that Pelagius had reacted strongly to Augustine's Confessions (397–401) the statement "Give what you command and command what you will", as he believed that it undermined human responsibility. However, this incident's historicity is questioned by scholars. When Alaric sacked Rome in 410, Pelagius and his follower Caelestius fled to Carthage, where he continued his work. Opponents Augustine of Hippo Pelagianism quickly spread, especially around Carthage. Augustine wrote "De peccatorum meritis et remissione libri III" (Three Books on the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins) in 412, and "De spiritu et littera" (On the Spirit and the Letter) in 414. When in 414 disquieting rumours arrived from Sicily and the so-called "Definitiones Caelestii", said to be the work of Caelestius, were sent to him, he at once (414 or 415) published the rejoinder, "De perfectione justitiae hominis." In these, he strongly affirmed the existence of original sin, the need for infant baptism, the impossibility of a sinless life without Christ, and the necessity of Christ's grace. Augustine stands as an important source on the life and theology of Pelagius, and wrote about him extensively. Jerome Pelagius soon left for Palestine, befriending the bishop there. Jerome, who also lived there, became involved as well. Pelagius had criticized his commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians. Jerome wrote against Pelagius in his "Letter to Ctesiphon" and "Dialogus contra Pelagianos". With Jerome at the time was Orosius, a visiting pupil of Augustine, who had similar views on the dangers of Pelagianism. Together, they publicly condemned Pelagius. Bishop John of Jerusalem, a personal friend of Pelagius, called a council in July 415. Church sources claim Orosius' lack of fluency in Greek rendered him unconvincing and John's Eastern background made him more willing to accept that humans did not have inherent sinfulness, yet the council rendered no verdict and passed the controversy to the Latin Church because Pelagius, Jerome, and Orosius were all Latin. Diospolis A few months later in December of 415, another synod in Diospolis (Lydda) under the bishop of Cæsarea was called by two deposed bishops who came to the Holy Land. However, neither bishop attended for unrelated reasons and Orosius had left after consultation with Bishop John. Pelagius explained to the synod that he did believe God was necessary for salvation because every human is created by God. He also claimed that many works of Celestius did not represent his own views. He showed letters of recommendation by other authoritative figures including Augustine himself, who for all their disagreements, thought highly of Pelagius' character. The Synod of Diospolis therefore concluded: "Now since we have received satisfaction in respect of the charges brought against the monk Pelagius in his presence and since he gives his assent to sound doctrines but condemns and anathematises those contrary to the faith of the Church, we adjudge him to belong to the communion of the Catholic Church." Teachings Manichaeism stressed that the spirit was God-created, while material substance was corrupt and evil. Theologian Gerald Bonner felt that part of Pelagius' analysis was an over-reaction to Manicheanism. Pelagius held that everything created by God was good, therefore, he could not see how God had made humans fallen creatures. (Augustine's teaching on the Fall of Adam was not a settled doctrine at the time the Augustinian/Pelagian dispute began.) The Pelagians accused Augustine of bringing Manichaeian theology into the Christian church, which Augustine himself denied. The view that mankind can avoid sinning, and that humans can freely choose to obey God's commandments, stands at the core of Pelagian teaching. Pelagius stressed human autonomy and freedom of the will. An illustration of Pelagius' views on man's "moral ability" not to sin can be found in his "Letter to Demetrias". For Pelagius, "grace" consisted of the gift of free will, the Law of Moses, and the teachings of Jesus. According to Augustine, Pelagians saw baptism of infants as useless because they had no sin. Celestius, who was a disciple of Pelagius also denied original sin and the necessity of infant baptism for salvation. Pope Zosimus Seeking to undo his condemnation, Pelagius wrote a letter and statement of belief to Pope Zosimus, Innocent I's successor, arguing that he was orthodox. In these he articulated his beliefs so as not to contradict what the synods condemned. Zosimus was persuaded by Celestius to reopen the case, but opposition from the African bishops and Emperor Honorius forced Zosimus to condemn and excommunicate Celestius and Pelagius in 418. Pelagianism was condemned at the Council of Carthage in 418. Augustine, shocked that Pelagius and Celestius were not denounced as heretics, had called the Council of Carthage in 418 and stated nine beliefs of the Church that Pelagianism denied: Death came from sin, not man's physical nature. Infants must be baptized to be cleansed from original sin. Justifying grace covers past sins and helps avoid future sins. The grace of Christ imparts strength and will to act out God's commandments. No good works can come without God's grace. We confess we are sinners because it is true, not from humility. The saints ask for forgiveness for their own sins. The saints also confess to be sinners because they are. Children dying without baptism are excluded from both the kingdom of heaven and eternal life. Death and later After his condemnation, Pelagius was expelled from Jerusalem, and Saint Cyril of Alexandria allowed him to settle in Egypt. He is not heard of thereafter. His death did not end his teachings, although those who followed him may have modified those teachings. Because little information remains with regard to Pelagius' actual teachings, some of his doctrines possibly were subject to revision and suppression by his enemies (followers of Augustine and the Church leadership as a whole at that time). Pelagius and Caelestius were declared heretics by the First Council of Ephesus in 431. Belief in Pelagianism and Semipelagianism was common for the next few centuries, especially in Britain, the Holy Land, and North Africa. St Germanus visited Britain to combat Pelagianism in or around AD 429. In Wales, Saint David was credited with convening the Synod of Brefi and the Synod of Victory against the followers of Pelagius in the sixth century. Evaluation Because of the fifth-century condemnations of him, Pelagius became known as "a heresiarch of the deepest dye". Evaluation of him changed after the publication of a 1943 biography by Georges de Plinval and more recent scholars have viewed him as an orthodox Christian theologian who was a victim of denunciation. His Pauline commentaries were popular during the Middle Ages but frequently claimed to be the work of other authors. An objective view of Pelagius and his effect is difficult. His name has been used as an epithet for centuries by both Protestants and Catholics, and he has had few defenders. The very early church denounced his ideas and the Reformation accused Roman Catholics of adhering to his beliefs and condemned both Pelagius and the Catholic Church. Modern scholarship suggests that Pelagius did not take the more extreme positions later associated with his followers. Ronald Hutton describes him as "a first-rate theologian". The theologian Carol Harrison commented that Pelagius presented "a radically different alternative to Western understandings of the human person, human responsibility and freedom, ethics and the nature of salvation" which might have come about if Augustine had not been victorious in the Pelagian controversy. According to Harrison, "Pelagianism represents an attempt to safeguard God's justice, to preserve the integrity of human nature as created by God, and of human beings' obligation, responsibility and ability to attain a life of perfect righteousness." However, this is at the expense of downplaying human frailty and presenting "the operation of divine grace as being merely external". According to the scholar Rebecca Weaver, "what most distinguished Pelagius was his conviction of an unrestricted freedom of choice, given by God and immune to alteration by sin or circumstance." In 1956, John Ferguson wrote: Writings Pelagius wrote: De fide Trinitatis libri III ("On Faith in the Trinity: Three Books"), Eclogarum ex divinis Scripturis liber primus ("Excerpts out of Divine Scriptures: Book One"), and Commentarii in epistolas S. Pauli ("Commentary on the Epistles of Saint Paul"). Unfortunately, most of his work survives only in the quotations of his opponents. Only in the past century have works attributable to Pelagius been identified as such. Other writings include On Nature, parts of which are quoted in Augustine's On Nature and Grace, and Defense of the Freedom of the Will, quoted in Augustine's On the Grace of Christ. Also surviving are his letter to Demetrias, along with fragments of other letters, and the written statement of faith which was received by Pope Zosimus. See also Julian of Eclanum References Sources Further reading Translations Pelagius's Commentary on St Paul's Epistle to the Romans (translated with introduction and notes by Theodore de Bruyn), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993 Pelagius's Expositions of the Thirteen Epistles of St. Paul (edited by A. Souter) Texts and Studies; 9, 3 vols. in 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922–1931 1: Introduction 2: Text – 3: Pseudo-Jerome interpolations Other works Bonner, Ali, The Myth of Pelagianism, Oxford University Press, 2018. Brinley Rees, Pelagius A Reluctant Heretic, The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1988. Brinley Rees (ed.), Pelagius: Life and Letters, The Boydell Press, Woodbridge:1989, 1991. Translation of 18 letters, including Epistle to Demetrias, and minor treatises attributed at various times to Pelagius or his followers. Nelson, Eric, The Theology of Liberalism: Political Philosophy and the Justice of God, Harvard University Press, 2019 Robert Van de Weyer (ed.), The Letters of Pelagius: Celtic Soul Friend, Little Gidding books, Evesham: Arthur James, 1995. Pelagius, Epistula ad Demetriadem. Brief an Demetrias'', Einleitung, Edition und Übersetzung von Gisbert Greshake, [Fontes Christiani], Band 65, Herder, Freiburg, 2015 Squires, Stuart. The Pelagian Controversy: An Introduction to the Enemies of Grace and the Conspiracy of Lost Souls. Eugene: Wipf and Stock, 2019. Yamada, N. (2020). Pelagius' View of Ideal Christian Women in his Letters, Scrinium, 1-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/18177565-00160A17 External links The Patristics in English Project provides English translations of several of Pelagius's writings. "Pelagius: To Demetrias", an analysis of the letter and a brief biography by Deacon Geoffrey Ó Riada. 418 deaths 4th-century births 5th-century Christians 5th-century Latin writers 5th-century philosophers Ascetics Founders of religions Latin letter writers People declared heretics by the first seven ecumenical councils Romano-British Christians Pelagians

Pelagius (; 354-418) was a British monk and theologian, his theological system is known as Pelagianism, which emphasized human choice in salvation. Pelagius and his followers abhorred the moral standards of Christians in Rome, which he blamed on the view of divine grace. Pelagius was accused of heresy at the synod of Jerusalem in 415 and his doctrines were harshly criticized by Augustine of Hippo, especially the Pelagian views about humankind's good nature and individual responsibility for choosing ascetism. Pelagius especially stressed the freedom of human will. Very little is known about the personal life and the career of Pelagius. Beginnings Pelagius was active between about 390 and 418. He is said by his contemporaries, such as Augustine of Hippo, Prosper of Aquitaine, Marius Mercator, and Paul Orosius, to have been of Celtic British origin.Jerome apparently thought that Pelagius was Irish, suggesting that he was "stuffed with Irish porridge" (Scotorum pultibus praegravatus). He was tall in stature and portly in appearance. Pelagius was also highly educated, spoke and wrote Latin and Greek with great fluency, and was well versed in theology. His name has traditionally been understood as a Graecized form (from pélagos, "sea") of the Welsh name Morgan ("sea-born"), or another Celtic equivalent. Pelagius became better known around 380 when he moved to Rome. There he enjoyed a reputation of austerity; he also corresponded with St. Paulinus of Nola. Pelagius became concerned about the moral laxity of society.He blamed this laxity on the theology of divine grace preached by Augustine, among others. He began to teach a very strict, rigid moralism, emphasizing a natural, innate human ability to attain salvation. Twenty-five years after the fact, Augustine related that Pelagius had reacted strongly to Augustine's Confessions (397–401) the statement "Give what you command and command what you will", as he believed that it undermined human responsibility. However, this incident's historicity is questioned by scholars. When Alaric sacked Rome in 410, Pelagius and his follower Caelestius fled to Carthage, where he continued his work. Opponents Augustine of Hippo Pelagianism quickly spread, especially around Carthage. Augustine wrote "De peccatorum meritis et remissione libri III" (Three Books on the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins) in 412, and "De spiritu et littera" (On the Spirit and the Letter) in 414.When in 414 disquieting rumours arrived from Sicily and the so-called "Definitiones Caelestii", said to be the work of Caelestius, were sent to him, he at once (414 or 415) published the rejoinder, "De perfectione justitiae hominis." In these, he strongly affirmed the existence of original sin, the need for infant baptism, the impossibility of a sinless life without Christ, and the necessity of Christ's grace. Augustine stands as an important source on the life and theology of Pelagius, and wrote about him extensively. Jerome <mask> soon left for Palestine, befriending the bishop there. Jerome, who also lived there, became involved as well. Pelagius had criticized his commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians. Jerome wrote against Pelagius in his "Letter to Ctesiphon" and "Dialogus contra Pelagianos".With Jerome at the time was Orosius, a visiting pupil of Augustine, who had similar views on the dangers of Pelagianism. Together, they publicly condemned Pelagius. Bishop John of Jerusalem, a personal friend of Pelagius, called a council in July 415. Church sources claim Orosius' lack of fluency in Greek rendered him unconvincing and John's Eastern background made him more willing to accept that humans did not have inherent sinfulness, yet the council rendered no verdict and passed the controversy to the Latin Church because Pelagius, Jerome, and Orosius were all Latin. Diospolis A few months later in December of 415, another synod in Diospolis (Lydda) under the bishop of Cæsarea was called by two deposed bishops who came to the Holy Land. However, neither bishop attended for unrelated reasons and Orosius had left after consultation with Bishop John. Pelagius explained to the synod that he did believe God was necessary for salvation because every human is created by God.He also claimed that many works of Celestius did not represent his own views. He showed letters of recommendation by other authoritative figures including Augustine himself, who for all their disagreements, thought highly of Pelagius' character. The Synod of Diospolis therefore concluded: "Now since we have received satisfaction in respect of the charges brought against the monk Pelagius in his presence and since he gives his assent to sound doctrines but condemns and anathematises those contrary to the faith of the Church, we adjudge him to belong to the communion of the Catholic Church." Teachings Manichaeism stressed that the spirit was God-created, while material substance was corrupt and evil. Theologian Gerald Bonner felt that part of Pelagius' analysis was an over-reaction to Manicheanism. Pelagius held that everything created by God was good, therefore, he could not see how God had made humans fallen creatures. (Augustine's teaching on the Fall of Adam was not a settled doctrine at the time the Augustinian/Pelagian dispute began.)The Pelagians accused Augustine of bringing Manichaeian theology into the Christian church, which Augustine himself denied. The view that mankind can avoid sinning, and that humans can freely choose to obey God's commandments, stands at the core of Pelagian teaching. Pelagius stressed human autonomy and freedom of the will. An illustration of Pelagius' views on man's "moral ability" not to sin can be found in his "Letter to Demetrias". For Pelagius, "grace" consisted of the gift of free will, the Law of Moses, and the teachings of Jesus. According to Augustine, Pelagians saw baptism of infants as useless because they had no sin. Celestius, who was a disciple of Pelagius also denied original sin and the necessity of infant baptism for salvation.Pope Zosimus Seeking to undo his condemnation, Pelagius wrote a letter and statement of belief to Pope Zosimus, Innocent I's successor, arguing that he was orthodox. In these he articulated his beliefs so as not to contradict what the synods condemned. Zosimus was persuaded by Celestius to reopen the case, but opposition from the African bishops and Emperor Honorius forced Zosimus to condemn and excommunicate Celestius and Pelagius in 418. Pelagianism was condemned at the Council of Carthage in 418. Augustine, shocked that Pelagius and Celestius were not denounced as heretics, had called the Council of Carthage in 418 and stated nine beliefs of the Church that Pelagianism denied: Death came from sin, not man's physical nature. Infants must be baptized to be cleansed from original sin. Justifying grace covers past sins and helps avoid future sins.The grace of Christ imparts strength and will to act out God's commandments. No good works can come without God's grace. We confess we are sinners because it is true, not from humility. The saints ask for forgiveness for their own sins. The saints also confess to be sinners because they are. Children dying without baptism are excluded from both the kingdom of heaven and eternal life. Death and later After his condemnation, Pelagius was expelled from Jerusalem, and Saint Cyril of Alexandria allowed him to settle in Egypt.He is not heard of thereafter. His death did not end his teachings, although those who followed him may have modified those teachings. Because little information remains with regard to Pelagius' actual teachings, some of his doctrines possibly were subject to revision and suppression by his enemies (followers of Augustine and the Church leadership as a whole at that time). Pelagius and Caelestius were declared heretics by the First Council of Ephesus in 431. Belief in Pelagianism and Semipelagianism was common for the next few centuries, especially in Britain, the Holy Land, and North Africa. St Germanus visited Britain to combat Pelagianism in or around AD 429. In Wales, Saint David was credited with convening the Synod of Brefi and the Synod of Victory against the followers of Pelagius in the sixth century.Evaluation Because of the fifth-century condemnations of him, Pelagius became known as "a heresiarch of the deepest dye". Evaluation of him changed after the publication of a 1943 biography by Georges de Plinval and more recent scholars have viewed him as an orthodox Christian theologian who was a victim of denunciation. His Pauline commentaries were popular during the Middle Ages but frequently claimed to be the work of other authors. An objective view of Pelagius and his effect is difficult. His name has been used as an epithet for centuries by both Protestants and Catholics, and he has had few defenders. The very early church denounced his ideas and the Reformation accused Roman Catholics of adhering to his beliefs and condemned both Pelagius and the Catholic Church. Modern scholarship suggests that Pelagius did not take the more extreme positions later associated with his followers.Ronald Hutton describes him as "a first-rate theologian". The theologian Carol Harrison commented that Pelagius presented "a radically different alternative to Western understandings of the human person, human responsibility and freedom, ethics and the nature of salvation" which might have come about if Augustine had not been victorious in the Pelagian controversy. According to Harrison, "Pelagianism represents an attempt to safeguard God's justice, to preserve the integrity of human nature as created by God, and of human beings' obligation, responsibility and ability to attain a life of perfect righteousness." However, this is at the expense of downplaying human frailty and presenting "the operation of divine grace as being merely external". According to the scholar Rebecca Weaver, "what most distinguished Pelagius was his conviction of an unrestricted freedom of choice, given by God and immune to alteration by sin or circumstance." In 1956, John Ferguson wrote: Writings Pelagius wrote: De fide Trinitatis libri III ("On Faith in the Trinity: Three Books"), Eclogarum ex divinis Scripturis liber primus ("Excerpts out of Divine Scriptures: Book One"), and Commentarii in epistolas S. Pauli ("Commentary on the Epistles of Saint Paul"). Unfortunately, most of his work survives only in the quotations of his opponents.Only in the past century have works attributable to Pelagius been identified as such. Other writings include On Nature, parts of which are quoted in Augustine's On Nature and Grace, and Defense of the Freedom of the Will, quoted in Augustine's On the Grace of Christ. Also surviving are his letter to Demetrias, along with fragments of other letters, and the written statement of faith which was received by Pope Zosimus. See also Julian of Eclanum References Sources Further reading Translations Pelagius's Commentary on St Paul's Epistle to the Romans (translated with introduction and notes by Theodore de Bruyn), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993 Pelagius's Expositions of the Thirteen Epistles of St. Paul (edited by A. Souter) Texts and Studies; 9, 3 vols. in 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922–1931 1: Introduction 2: Text – 3: Pseudo-Jerome interpolations Other works Bonner, Ali, The Myth of Pelagianism, Oxford University Press, 2018. Brinley Rees, Pelagius A Reluctant Heretic, The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1988.Brinley Rees (ed. ), Pelagius: Life and Letters, The Boydell Press, Woodbridge:1989, 1991. Translation of 18 letters, including Epistle to Demetrias, and minor treatises attributed at various times to Pelagius or his followers. Nelson, Eric, The Theology of Liberalism: Political Philosophy and the Justice of God, Harvard University Press, 2019 Robert Van de Weyer (ed. ), The Letters of Pelagius: Celtic Soul Friend, Little Gidding books, Evesham: Arthur James, 1995. Pelagius, Epistula ad Demetriadem. Brief an Demetrias'', Einleitung, Edition und Übersetzung von Gisbert Greshake, [Fontes Christiani], Band 65, Herder, Freiburg, 2015 Squires, Stuart.The Pelagian Controversy: An Introduction to the Enemies of Grace and the Conspiracy of Lost Souls. Eugene: Wipf and Stock, 2019. Yamada, N. (2020). Pelagius' View of Ideal Christian Women in his Letters, Scrinium, 1-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/18177565-00160A17 External links The Patristics in English Project provides English translations of several of Pelagius's writings. "Pelagius: To Demetrias", an analysis of the letter and a brief biography by Deacon Geoffrey Ó Riada. 418 deaths 4th-century births 5th-century Christians 5th-century Latin writers 5th-century philosophers Ascetics Founders of religions Latin letter writers People declared heretics by the first seven ecumenical councils Romano-British Christians Pelagians

The British monk and theologian, known as Pelagius, emphasized human choice in salvation. The view of divine grace was blamed by Pelagius and his followers for the moral standards of Christians in Rome. The Pelagian views about humankind's good nature and individual responsibility for choosing ascetism were harshly criticized by Augustine of Hippo. The freedom of human will was stressed by Pelagius. The career and personal life of Pelagius are unknown. Between 395 and 418. He is said to have been of Celtic British origin by his peers.He thought that Pelagius was stuffed with Irish porridge. He was tall and portly. Pelagius was well versed in theology and spoke and wrote Latin and Greek. His name has traditionally been understood as a form of the Welsh name Morgan, or another Celtic equivalent. When he moved to Rome, he became better known. He had a reputation for austerity and also had a relationship with St. Paulinus of Nola. The moral laxity of society became a concern for Pelagius.He blamed this on the theology of divine grace preached by others. He began to emphasize a natural, innate human ability to attain salvation. The statement "Give what you command and command what you will" was strongly objected to by Pelagius, as he believed that it undermined human responsibility. The incident's historicity is questioned by scholars. Pelagius and his followers fled to Carthage after Rome was sacked. Opponents of Hippo Pelagianism spread quickly around Carthage. "De peccatorum meritis et remissione libri III" was written in 412 and "De spiritu et littera" was written in 414.He published the rejoinder, "De perfectione justitia", when the so-called "Definitiones Caelestii" were sent to him. The necessity of Christ's grace, the impossibility of a sinless life without Christ, and the existence of original sin were all affirmed in these. Augustine is an important source on the life and theology of Pelagius. After befriending the bishop there, he left for Palestine. The man who lived there became involved as well. The commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians was criticized by Pelagius. The "Letter to Ctesiphon" and "Dialogus contra Pelagianos" were both written against Pelagius.Orosius had the same views on the dangers of Pelagianism as Jerome. They condemned Pelagius together. Bishop John of Jerusalem was a friend of Pelagius. Church sources claim Orosius was unconvincing and John's Eastern background made him more willing to accept that humans did not have inherent sinfulness, yet the council rendered no verdict and passed the controversy to the Latin Church. The bishop of Csarea called a synod in Diospolis in December of 415, which was attended by two deposed bishops who came to the Holy Land. Orosius left after consultation with Bishop John. According to Pelagius, God is necessary for salvation because every human is created by God.He said that many works of Celestius did not represent his views. He showed the letters of recommendation from other figures who thought highly of Pelagius' character. Since we have received satisfaction in respect of the charges brought against the monk Pelagius in his presence and since he gives his assent to sound doctrines but condemns and anathematises those contrary to the faith of the Church, we adjudge him. The spirit was created by God and the material substance was corrupt and evil according to Teachings Manichaeism. The over-reaction to Manicheanism was part of Pelagius' analysis. He couldn't see how God made humans fall, because everything created by God was good. At the time of the Augustinian/Pelagian dispute, Augustine's teaching on the Fall of Adam was not a settled doctrine.The Manichaeian theology was accused of being brought into the Christian church by the Pelagians. The view that humans can choose to obey God's commandments is the core of Pelagian teaching. Human freedom of the will was stressed by Pelagius. An illustration of Pelagius' views on man's moral ability not to sin can be found in his "Letter to Demetrias". The gift of free will, the Law of Moses, and the teachings of Jesus made up "grace" for Pelagius. Babies with no sin were seen as useless by the Pelagians. The necessity of infant baptism for salvation was denied by a follower of Pelagius.Pelagius wrote a letter and statement of belief to Pope Zosimus, arguing that he was orthodox. He articulated his beliefs so that they wouldn't conflict with what the synods said. Zosimus was forced to condemn and excommunicate Celestius and Pelagius because of opposition from the African bishops and Emperor Honorius. The Council of Carthage condemned Pelagianism in 418. The Council of Carthage was shocked by the fact that Pelagius and Celestius were not denounced as heretics, and by the fact that nine beliefs of the Church were denied by Pelagianism. To be cleansed from original sin, infants must bebaptized. Justifying grace helps avoid future sins.The grace of Christ gives strength and will. Good works can't happen without God's help. We confess that we are sinners because it is true. The saints want forgiveness for their sins. The saints confess to being sinners. Children who die without beingbaptized are excluded from the kingdom of heaven and eternal life. After his condemnation, <mask> was kicked out of Jerusalem and allowed to live in Egypt.He is not heard of again. Those who followed him may have changed his teachings. Some of Pelagius' teachings may have been subject to revision and suppression by his enemies because little information remains with regard to his actual teachings. The First Council of Ephesus declared the two heretics in 431. In Britain, the Holy Land, and North Africa, there was a common belief in Pelagianism. St Germanus visited Britain to fight Pelagianism. In Wales, Saint David is believed to have convened the Synod of Brefi and the Synod of Victory against the followers of Pelagius in the sixth century.The fifth-century condemnations of him made him known as a "Heresiarch of the deepest dye". After the publication of a 1943 biography by Georges de Plinval, the evaluation of him changed from a victim of denunciation to an orthodox Christian theologian. His commentaries were popular during the Middle Ages but often claimed to be the work of other authors. It is difficult to have an objective view of Pelagius. Both Protestants and Catholics have used his name as an epithet for hundreds of years. The very early church denounced his ideas and the Reformation accused Roman Catholics of following his beliefs. According to modern scholarship, Pelagius did not take the more extreme positions associated with his followers.Ronald says he is a first-rate theologian. The theologian Carol Harrison commented that if it weren't for the Pelagian controversy, there would be a different understanding of the human person, human responsibility and freedom, ethics and the nature of salvation. According to Harrison, "Pelagianism is an attempt to safeguard God's justice, to preserve the integrity of human nature as created by God, and of human beings' obligation, responsibility and ability to attain a life of perfect righteousness." This is at the expense of downplaying human frailties and presenting the operation of divine grace as being external. According to the scholar Rebecca Weaver, "what most distinguished Pelagius was his conviction of an unrestricted freedom of choice, given by God and immune to alterations by sin or circumstance." "On Faith in the Trinity: Three Books", "Eclog ex divinis scripturis liber primus", and "Excerpts out of Divine Scriptures: Book One" were written by John Ferguson. Most of his work is in the quotes of his opponents.In the past century, only works by Pelagius have been identified as such. Some of the writings include On Nature, Defense of the Freedom of the Will, and On the Grace of Christ. His letter to Demetrias, along with fragments of other letters, and the written statement of faith were received by Pope Zosimus. A translation of Pelagius's commentary on St Paul's Epistle to the Romans was published in 1993 by Clarendon Press. In 1. The Cambridge University Press was published in 1922 and 1931. Brinley Rees is the author of Pelagius A Reluctant Heretic.Brinley Rees is the author. The Boydell Press published Pelagius: Life and Letters. Minor treatises attributed to Pelagius or his followers were translated into 18 letters. Robert Van de Weyer is the author of The Theology of Liberalism: Political Philosophy and the Justice of God. Little Gidding books, The Letters of Pelagius, and Evesham: Arthur James were all published in 1995. Epistula ad Demetriadem is written by Pelagius. Brief an Demetrias'', Einleitung, Edition und bersetzung von Gisbert Greshake, was written by Stuart.An introduction to the emies of Grace and the conspiracy of lost souls is what The Pelagian Controversy is about. Eugene talks about stock and wipf. N. Yamada, 2020. There are English translations of several of Pelagius's writings. There is an analysis of the letter and a brief biography. Latin letter writers declared heretics by the first seven ecumenical council.

15163128

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch%20Zuckerman

Baruch Zuckerman

Baruch Zuckerman (; June 26, 1887 – December 13, 1970) was a leading American-Israeli Zionist, one of the leading proponents of Yad Vashem, editor of Yiddishe Kempfer, and a leading figure in the Farband and Histadrut campaigns, and president of the Labor Zionist Organization of America. Early life Baruch was born into a poor family in the Hassidic village of Kurenitz, near Vilnius (then in Russia), the son of a peddler. His parents were Vigdor Chait and Sara, nee Levin. Most of the family later immigrated to the United States and changed their surname to Zuckerman. Yitzhak Zuckerman, one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, wrote in his memoirs that Baruch Zuckerman was his relative. When Zuckerman was 15, he began to feel the first stirrings of Zionism. He became seriously interested in this fledgling ideology in August 1903 when he heard Theodor Herzl speak in Vilnius. Emigration to United States In 1904, aged 16, Zuckerman arrived in the USA, where he initially worked in a sweatshop in New York's garment district for $2 per week. It was there that he learned to put together sleeves and cuffs for men's shirts. Later, he graduated to piece work. But his heart was not in the job. While Zuckerman had been propelled by an uncle towards the garment district, his father and older brother had gone into the scrap business. When his brother realized that there was no future for Zuckerman in the rag trade, he decided to set him up in an enterprise of his own and put a down payment on a candy store in his name. Zuckerman was not a success, and the candy store closed down after only nine months. In the meantime, it had become a popular venue for ideologists who gathered there to vent their Zionist fervour. They all belonged to transplanted Pinsk and Vilnius branches of Poale Zion as did Zuckerman himself. As his relationship with the candy store was drawing to a close, Zuckerman was elected a delegate to the founding convention of Poale Zion of America that took place on May 1, 1905. This was the beginning of his career as a servant of his people. As a key member of the Labor Zionist Movement of America, he was both a formulator of policy and one of its major exponents. Passionately committed to social welfare, Zuckerman dreamt of uniting it with Zionism. The Poale Zion movement enabled him to do so. He was executive director of the People's Relief Committee from 1915 to 1924 when it disbanded, and accompanied Herbert Hoover and investment banker Herbert Lehman to Poland to bring food and clothing to survivors of World War I. During that war, Zuckerman helped to organize the Jewish Legion and was also instrumental in setting up the American Jewish Congress. He was also the editor of Yiddishe Kempfer, and a leading figure in the Farband and Histadrut campaigns. In later years, he was elected Poale Zion representative to the Executive of the Jewish Agency in America and to the Executive of the World Jewish Congress. He was also president of the Labor Zionist Organization of America. A gifted writer and speaker, as well as an editor and journalist, he was one of the chief spokesman for the American Poale Zion around the world. Aliyah to Palestine When the family came to Palestine in 1925, it was with the intention of settling permanently, but his daughter Avivah fell ill, a factor which forced the family to return to New York, where she could be properly treated. It was not until 1932 that the Zuckermans finally made aliyah, and Avivah who had been studying at Hunter College in New York enrolled at the Hebrew University, becoming one of its first students of bacteriology. While his wife and daughters remained in Palestine, Baruch Zuckerman's many activities as an emissary precluded him from residing in Israel until his retirement in 1956. After the Zuckermans moved to Jerusalem, where their daughter Nomi attended the Gymnasia Rehavia, their house became a meeting place for all the leading figures of the Zionist Movement. Golda Meir had to return to America with her two children because her daughter Sara had kidney trouble for which suitable treatment was not available in Palestine. Her husband, Morris Meyerson, stayed behind, and moved in with the Zuckermans. Return to United States In August 1939, on the eve of Hitler's invasion of Poland, both Baruch and Nina Zuckerman were delegates to the 21st Zionist Congress in Geneva. They took Nomi with them. The Congress plenum decided that given the circumstances, the Zuckermans were of more value to the Zionist movement operating from America, than from Jerusalem. So they returned to New York, taking Nomi with them. Nomi spent the major part of the war years studying - first at Columbia University, then at the Tyler School of Fine Arts before returning to Jerusalem with her parents at the end of 1945. Yad Vashem The idea of establishing a memorial in Palestine for Jewish victims of the Nazi Holocaust was conceived during World War II, as a response to reports of the mass murder of Jews in Nazi-occupied countries. Yad Vashem was first proposed in September 1942, at a board meeting of the Jewish National Fund, by Mordecai Shenhavi, a member of Kibbutz Mishmar Ha'emek. In August 1945, the plan was discussed in greater detail at a Zionist meeting in London where it was decided to set up a provisional board of Zionist leaders with David Remez as chairman, Shlomo Zalman Shragai, Baruch Zuckerman, and Shenhavi. In February 1946, Yad Vashem opened an office in Jerusalem and a branch office in Tel Aviv and in June that year, convened its first plenary session. In July 1947, the First Conference on Holocaust Research was held at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, where further plans were made for Yad Vashem. However, the outbreak in May 1948 of the War of Independence, brought almost all Yad Vashem operations to a standstill for two years. Later life Zuckerman died in Jerusalem on 13 December 1970. Personal life He married Nina Avrunin (born in Kiev). She was also a prominent Zionist. Their daughter Avivah Zuckerman was a gifted, prize-winning poet, Haganah activist and later a world-renowned Hebrew University professor of parasitology. Their daughter Nomi Zuckerman is a noted artist, poet and translator. References Sources Baruch Zuckerman's 1930 US passport, and a biography 1887 births 1970 deaths American Zionists Writers on Zionism Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States Politicians from Vilnius Jewish activists Jewish socialists Jews of the Russian Empire American Jewish Congress American emigrants to Israel Yad Vashem people Labor Zionists Zionists of the Russian Empire Jewish American journalists American editors

<mask> (; June 26, 1887 – December 13, 1970) was a leading American-Israeli Zionist, one of the leading proponents of Yad Vashem, editor of Yiddishe Kempfer, and a leading figure in the Farband and Histadrut campaigns, and president of the Labor Zionist Organization of America. Early life <mask> was born into a poor family in the Hassidic village of Kurenitz, near Vilnius (then in Russia), the son of a peddler. His parents were Vigdor Chait and Sara, nee Levin. Most of the family later immigrated to the United States and changed their surname to <mask>. <mask>, one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, wrote in his memoirs that <mask> was his relative. When <mask> was 15, he began to feel the first stirrings of Zionism. He became seriously interested in this fledgling ideology in August 1903 when he heard Theodor Herzl speak in Vilnius.Emigration to United States In 1904, aged 16, <mask> arrived in the USA, where he initially worked in a sweatshop in New York's garment district for $2 per week. It was there that he learned to put together sleeves and cuffs for men's shirts. Later, he graduated to piece work. But his heart was not in the job. While <mask> had been propelled by an uncle towards the garment district, his father and older brother had gone into the scrap business. When his brother realized that there was no future for Zuckerman in the rag trade, he decided to set him up in an enterprise of his own and put a down payment on a candy store in his name. Zuckerman was not a success, and the candy store closed down after only nine months.In the meantime, it had become a popular venue for ideologists who gathered there to vent their Zionist fervour. They all belonged to transplanted Pinsk and Vilnius branches of Poale Zion as did <mask> himself. As his relationship with the candy store was drawing to a close, <mask> was elected a delegate to the founding convention of Poale Zion of America that took place on May 1, 1905. This was the beginning of his career as a servant of his people. As a key member of the Labor Zionist Movement of America, he was both a formulator of policy and one of its major exponents. Passionately committed to social welfare, <mask> dreamt of uniting it with Zionism. The Poale Zion movement enabled him to do so.He was executive director of the People's Relief Committee from 1915 to 1924 when it disbanded, and accompanied Herbert Hoover and investment banker Herbert Lehman to Poland to bring food and clothing to survivors of World War I. During that war, <mask> helped to organize the Jewish Legion and was also instrumental in setting up the American Jewish Congress. He was also the editor of Yiddishe Kempfer, and a leading figure in the Farband and Histadrut campaigns. In later years, he was elected Poale Zion representative to the Executive of the Jewish Agency in America and to the Executive of the World Jewish Congress. He was also president of the Labor Zionist Organization of America. A gifted writer and speaker, as well as an editor and journalist, he was one of the chief spokesman for the American Poale Zion around the world. Aliyah to Palestine When the family came to Palestine in 1925, it was with the intention of settling permanently, but his daughter Avivah fell ill, a factor which forced the family to return to New York, where she could be properly treated.It was not until 1932 that the Zuckermans finally made aliyah, and Avivah who had been studying at Hunter College in New York enrolled at the Hebrew University, becoming one of its first students of bacteriology. While his wife and daughters remained in Palestine, <mask> <mask>'s many activities as an emissary precluded him from residing in Israel until his retirement in 1956. After the <mask>s moved to Jerusalem, where their daughter Nomi attended the Gymnasia Rehavia, their house became a meeting place for all the leading figures of the Zionist Movement. Golda Meir had to return to America with her two children because her daughter Sara had kidney trouble for which suitable treatment was not available in Palestine. Her husband, Morris Meyerson, stayed behind, and moved in with the Zuckermans. Return to United States In August 1939, on the eve of Hitler's invasion of Poland, both <mask> and <mask> were delegates to the 21st Zionist Congress in Geneva. They took Nomi with them.The Congress plenum decided that given the circumstances, the Zuckermans were of more value to the Zionist movement operating from America, than from Jerusalem. So they returned to New York, taking Nomi with them. Nomi spent the major part of the war years studying - first at Columbia University, then at the Tyler School of Fine Arts before returning to Jerusalem with her parents at the end of 1945. Yad Vashem The idea of establishing a memorial in Palestine for Jewish victims of the Nazi Holocaust was conceived during World War II, as a response to reports of the mass murder of Jews in Nazi-occupied countries. Yad Vashem was first proposed in September 1942, at a board meeting of the Jewish National Fund, by Mordecai Shenhavi, a member of Kibbutz Mishmar Ha'emek. In August 1945, the plan was discussed in greater detail at a Zionist meeting in London where it was decided to set up a provisional board of Zionist leaders with David Remez as chairman, Shlomo Zalman Shragai, <mask> <mask>, and Shenhavi. In February 1946, Yad Vashem opened an office in Jerusalem and a branch office in Tel Aviv and in June that year, convened its first plenary session.In July 1947, the First Conference on Holocaust Research was held at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, where further plans were made for Yad Vashem. However, the outbreak in May 1948 of the War of Independence, brought almost all Yad Vashem operations to a standstill for two years. Later life <mask> died in Jerusalem on 13 December 1970. Personal life He married Nina Avrunin (born in Kiev). She was also a prominent Zionist. Their daughter Avivah <mask> was a gifted, prize-winning poet, Haganah activist and later a world-renowned Hebrew University professor of parasitology. Their daughter Nomi <mask> is a noted artist, poet and translator.References Sources <mask> <mask>'s 1930 US passport, and a biography 1887 births 1970 deaths American Zionists Writers on Zionism Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States Politicians from Vilnius Jewish activists Jewish socialists Jews of the Russian Empire American Jewish Congress American emigrants to Israel Yad Vashem people Labor Zionists Zionists of the Russian Empire Jewish American journalists American editors

The editor of Yiddishe Kempfer, a leading figure in the Farband and Histadrut campaigns, and the president of the Labor Zionist Organization were some of the leading figures in American-Israeli Zionism. In Russia, the son of a peddler was born to a poor family in the Hassidic village of Kurenitz. His parents were Vigdor Chait and Sara. Zuckerman is the family's new name in the United States. <mask>, one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, wrote in his memoirs that he was his relative. <mask> felt the first stirrings of Zionism when he was 15. Theodor Herzl spoke in Vilnius in August 1903 and he became interested in this new ideology.<mask> arrived in the USA at the age of 16 and worked in a sweatshop for $2 per week. He learned to put cuffs on men's shirts there. He graduated to piece work. His heart wasn't in the job. <mask>'s father and older brother went into the scrap business after <mask>'s uncle pushed him towards the garment district. <mask>'s brother decided to set him up in an enterprise of his own and put a down payment on a candy store in his name after realizing that there was no future for Zuckerman in the rag trade. Zuckerman was a flop and the candy store closed after nine months.It was a popular place for ideologists to vent their Zionism. <mask> was a member of the Pinsk and Vilnius branches of Poale Zion. <mask> was elected a delegate to the founding convention of Poale Zion of America as his relationship with the candy store was ending. He began his career as a servant of his people. He was a key member of the Labor Zionist Movement of America and a formulator of policy. <mask> wanted to unite social welfare with Zionism. The Poale Zion movement made it possible for him to do that.He was the executive director of the People's Relief Committee from 1915 to 1924, and he accompanied Herbert Hoover and Herbert Lehman to Poland to bring food and clothing to survivors of World War I. <mask> was instrumental in setting up the American Jewish Congress. He was a leader in the Farband and Histadrut campaigns. He was elected to the Executive of the World Jewish Congress and the Executive of the Jewish Agency in America. He was the president of the organization. One of the chief spokesman for the American Poale Zion around the world, he was a gifted writer and speaker. When the family came to Palestine in 1925, it was with the intention of living permanently, but his daughter fell ill and the family had to return to New York.One of the first students at the Hebrew University was Avivah <mask>, who had been studying at Hunter College in New York. While his wife and daughters remained in Palestine, <mask>'s many activities precluded him from residing in Israel until his retirement in 1956. The Zuckermans' house became a meeting place for the leading figures of the Zionism movement after they moved to Jerusalem. Golda Meir had to return to America with her two children because her daughter Sara had trouble with her kidneys in Palestine. Her husband moved in with the Zuckermans. On the eve of Hitler's invasion of Poland, the <mask>'s returned to the United States. Nomi was taken with them.The Zuckermans were thought to be more valuable to the movement from America than from Jerusalem. They went back to New York with Nomi. After finishing her studies at the Tyler School of Fine Arts, Nomi returned to Jerusalem with her parents at the end of 1945. The idea of establishing a memorial in Palestine for Jewish victims of the Nazi Holocaust was conceived during World War II, as a response to reports of the mass murder of Jews in Nazi-occupied countries. In 1942, at a board meeting of the Jewish National Fund, a member of Kibbutz Mishmar Ha'emek proposed the idea of Yad Vashem. At a meeting in London in August 1945, the plan was discussed in more detail and it was decided to set up a board with David Remez as chairman. In June of 1946, the first plenary session was held after the opening of an office in Jerusalem and a branch office in Tel Aviv.The First Conference on Holocaust Research was held at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1947. The outbreak in May 1948 of the War of Independence halted operations for two years. <mask> died in Jerusalem in 1970. He was married to Nina Avrunin. She was a big supporter of Zionism. Their daughter was a prize-winning poet and later a professor at the Hebrew University. Nomi <mask> is an artist, poet and translator.Sources include the 1930 US passport, a biography of <mask>, and emigration from the Russian Empire to the United States.

336342

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e%20de%20Jongh

Andrée de Jongh

Countess Andrée Eugénie Adrienne de Jongh (30 November 1916 – 13 October 2007), called Dédée and Postman, was a member of the Belgian Resistance during the Second World War. She organised and led the Comet Line (Le Réseau Comète) to assist Allied soldiers and airmen to escape from Nazi-occupied Belgium. The airmen were survivors of military airplanes shot down over Belgium or other European countries. Between August 1941 and December 1942, she escorted 118 people, including more than 80 airmen, from Belgium to neutral Spain from where they were transported to the United Kingdom. Arrested by the Nazis in January 1943, she was incarcerated for the remainder of World War II. After the war, she worked in leper hospitals in Africa. De Jongh was the recipient of the George Medal from the United Kingdom and the Medal of Freedom with golden palms from the United States and many other medals for her work during World War II. In 1985 she was made a countess by the king of Belgium. Her exploits were described in or inspired several books, movies, and television shows. Early life Andrée or Dédée de Jongh was born in Schaerbeek in Belgium, then under German occupation during the First World War. She was the younger daughter of Frédéric de Jongh, the headmaster of a primary school and Alice Decarpentrie. Edith Cavell, a British nurse shot in the Tir national in Schaerbeek in 1915 for assisting troops to escape from occupied Belgium to the neutral Netherlands, was a heroine in her youth. She trained as a nurse and became a commercial artist in Malmedy. Her nursing endeavours were inspired by Cavell. She was 23 years old when the Germans invaded and occupied Belgium. De Jongh was described by a British airman she helped as a "frail young girl who appears twenty years [old], very pretty, pleasant, kind, cheerful, and simple. She seems to have the carelessness of a young student who would go on vacation after passing her exams". Later, a British colonel would call her a "pure heroine of legend". Origin of the Comet Line After German troops invaded and occupied Belgium in May 1940, De Jongh moved to Brussels, where she became a Red Cross volunteer, ministering to captured Allied troops. In Brussels at that time, hiding in safe houses, were many British soldiers, those left behind at Dunkirk and escapees from those captured at Saint-Valery-en-Caux. De Jongh organised a series of safe houses for these soldiers, while also procuring civilian clothes so they would not be identified as well as false ID papers. Visiting the sick and wounded soldiers enabled her to make links with this network of safe-house keepers who were trying to work out ways to get the soldiers back to Britain. In spring 1941, Henri de Bliqui, Arnold Deppè, and Andrée de Jongh organised a group of friends to help Allied soldiers and airmen escape occupied Belgium and return to Great Britain. This was the origin of what became known as the Comet Line, the largest of the escape and evasion lines in World War II. They initially called themselves the DDDs after their last names. De Bliqui was arrested in April 1941 and later executed after the group was infiltrated by Prosper Dezitter, a Belgian collaborator with the Germans. In June 1941, Deppé journeyed from Belgium to southwestern France where he had once lived to look for the means to smuggle Allied soldiers, downed airmen, and other people vulnerable to capture by the Germans out of Belgium. Deppé made contact with Elvire de Greef and her family and arranged for their help in getting people across the border. De Greef became known as "Tante Go" ("Auntie Go"). De Jongh and Deppé, assisted by the de Greefs, attempted their first crossing of the Spanish border in July 1941 with ten Belgians and "Miss Richards," supposedly an English woman but actually a Belgian secret agent named Frederique Dupuich. After they successfully crossed the Pyrenees mountains on the Franco-Spanish border, de Jongh and Deppé left their charges to fend for themselves and returned to Belgium. The ten Belgians and "Miss Richards" were arrested by Spanish police. Three Belgian soldiers among them were turned over to the Germans in France. From this experience, de Jongh realised that in future exfiltrations they must establish a relationship with the British Consulate in Bilbao to ensure the safety in Spain of the people they escorted out of occupied Belgian and France. In August, Deppé and de Jongh escorted another group of people, de Jongh taking a longer, more rural, and safer route with three men, including a British soldier, and Deppé a shorter, more dangerous route with six men. An informer betrayed Deppé and his party and they were arrested by the Germans. Deppé was imprisoned for the remainder of the war. De Jongh arrived safely at the de Greef house in Anglet and crossed into Spain with a Basque smuggler as a guide. She appeared in the British consulate in Bilbao with a British soldier (James Cromar from Aberdeen) and two Belgian volunteers (Merchiers and Sterckmans), having travelled mostly by train from Brussels to Bayonne and then on foot over the Pyrenees through the Basque Country. The British diplomats were initially sceptical of de Jongh. It seemed unlikely to them that this young woman with three soldiers in tow had travelled from German-occupied Belgium, through occupied France, and over the Pyrenees to Spain, a straight-line distance of some (and much further by the roundabout route they had taken). De Jongh promised to exfiltrate additional British soldiers and airmen if the British would pay the Comet Line's expenses which were 6,000 Belgian Francs and 1,400 Spanish Pesetas (the sum of the two currencies amounting to the equivalent of $2,000 in 2018 U.S. dollars) for each Allied airmen or soldier exfiltrated. After three weeks of doubt, suspicion that she was a German agent, and indecision by British authorities in Spain and England, the British agreed to her terms. Except for financial assistance, de Jongh turned down all other British offers of advice and assistance. She rejected efforts by the British and the Belgian government in exile to control or direct the Comet Line. Exfiltrating Allied airmen The arrest of Arnold Deppé in August 1941 introduced a note of caution into the Comet Line. Andrée de Jongh decided that Belgium was unsafe and thereafter worked and lived in Paris and Valenciennes, a French city on the border with Belgium. Her father Fernand took over some of her leadership duties in Belgium. In France, de Jongh received airmen from Brussels, cared for them in safe houses, escorted them by railroad to Bayonne or nearby cities near the Spanish border, and trekked with them across the Pyrenees to Spain. She escorted one group of three airmen in October 1941, another group of three in November, and two groups totaling 11 men in December 1941. That level of activity continued in 1942. Once she had successfully crossed the border, de Jongh turned her charges over to the British who would drive them to Gibraltar where they would be flown back to Great Britain. While the airmen proceeded onward, de Jongh met in San Sebastián with British diplomat Michael Creswell, ("Monday"), who gave her money for the Comet Line's expenses plus messages to take back to France. While returning to Paris she reinforced the system of safe houses and helpers along the route and paid necessary expenses, although most members of Comet Line never received any compensation for their expenses. Estimates of the number of times that de Jongh successfully escorted downed airmen across the border into Spain in 1941 and 1942 vary from 16 to 24 round trips. The number of persons, mostly airmen, she escorted successfully is about 118. Captured Comet Line members and their families took great risks. The escape lines became more dangerous after November 1942, when southern France was occupied by the Germans and the whole of France came under direct Nazi rule. During the war members of the Comet Line were betrayed and hundreds were arrested by the Geheime Feldpolizei and the Abwehr and were executed or deported to German prisons and concentration camps. In January 1943, de Jongh led three British airmen south by train from Paris to Saint-Jean-de-Luz. From the railway station they walked in rain for two hours to the village of Urrugne, in the French Basque country – the last stop on the escape line before the walk over the Pyrenees. With the airmen and de Jongh was her favorite Basque guide Florentino Goikoetxea, a smuggler wanted by the police on both sides of the border. They arrived at the safe house belonging to Frantxia Usandizanga, a Basque woman, intending to continue to the border, distant. However, the river Bidasoa on the border was in flood and it would be too dangerous to attempt to cross. Goikoetxea went to another house to spend the night and de Jongh and the three airmen spent the night at Usandizanga's house. They next morning, 15 January 1943, de Jongh, the three airmen, and Usandizanga were arrested in the house by ten German soldiers. They had been betrayed, probably by a farm worker named Donato whom de Jongh knew but did not trust. De Jongh was sent first to Fresnes prison in Paris and eventually to Ravensbrück concentration camp and Mauthausen. She was interrogated 19 times by the Abwehr and twice by the Gestapo. Although she admitted being the leader of the Comet Line to protect her father who was under suspicion, the Germans did not believe that this slight, young woman was more than a minor helper in the Comet Line. Their underestimation of de Jongh's importance in the Comet Line probably saved her life. Later, while she was a prisoner in Ravensbrück, the Gestapo realized who she was and searched for her, but she eluded them by hiding her identify. In de Jongh's absence and under new leadership, the Comet Line continued to function and helped more than 700 Allied soldiers reach safety during the war. Although de Jongh survived in the concentration camps, she became gravely ill and undernourished by the time she was released by the advancing Allies in April 1945. Many of her colleagues died in captivity. Her father, Frédéric de Jongh was arrested in Paris on 7 June 1943 and executed on 28 March 1944. The three airmen arrested with her survived the war in prisoner-of-war camps. Usandizanga was beaten to death in Ravensbrück by a guard shortly before the camp's liberation in April 1945. Goikoetxea continued to be the preferred Comet Line guide until wounded and captured by the Germans (but rescued by the de Greef family) shortly before France was liberated by the Allies in 1944. Later life Post-war, De Jongh finished her nursing studies and worked in leprosariums, first in the Belgian Congo, then in Cameroon, next in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. and finally in Senegal. While de Jongh was working in Ethiopia, her mother was on her deathbed in Belgium and, in a measure of respect to her, the Royal Air Force made an unscheduled stop in Addis Ababa to take her to Belgium and later returned her to Ethiopia. In 1959, while working at a leper colony in Coquilhatville, she met English novelist Graham Greene. Greene recorded her candid account of her war experiences in his journal which was published in 1961. In In Search of a Character: Two African Journals, Greene wrote that he asked her why she had come to the Congo; she replied, "Because from the age of fifteen I wanted to cure lepers. If I had delayed any longer it would have been too late." In poor health she eventually returned to Belgium with her colleague, Thérèse de Wael. For her wartime efforts, she was awarded the United States Medal of Freedom with golden palms, the British George Medal on 13 February 1946, and became a Chevalier of the French Légion d'honneur. She also became a Chevalier of the Order of Leopold, received the Belgian Croix de Guerre/Oorlogskruis with palm, and was granted the honorary rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Belgian Army. In 1985, she was made a Countess in the Belgian nobility by King Baudouin. Death The Countess de Jongh died on 13 October 2007, aged 90, at the Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels. Her funeral service was held at the La Cambre Abbey, Ixelles, Brussels, and she was interred in the crypt of her parents at the Schaerbeek Cemetery. See also The Nightingale (2015) a historical fiction novel inspired by de Jongh's WW II experiences, written by Kristin Hannah. The Postwoman (2018) an historical fiction novel based on the story of Andrée de Jongh's life, written by Michael Kenneth Smith. Secret Army, a BBC television series is based on Comet Line operations in Belgium. Airey Neave of MI9 was responsible for supporting the Comet Line. His biography of de Jongh is titled The Little Cyclone. Notes References Further reading Filmography The Last Passage, Lurre Telleria et Enara Goikoetxea, Moztu filmak & Amo films, 2010 External links Houston Chronicle: Countess who helped WWII pilots escape Nazis dies Andree De Jongh, known as Dedee tells Shirin Wheeler the story of the Comet Line 1916 births 2007 deaths People from Schaerbeek Belgian countesses Belgian nurses Belgian resistance members Recipients of the George Medal Recipients of the Medal of Freedom Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) Belgian humanitarians Women humanitarians Women in World War II Night and Fog program Burials at Schaerbeek Cemetery Belgian expatriates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Female resistance members of World War II Ravensbrück concentration camp survivors Red Cross personnel

Countess <mask> (30 November 1916 – 13 October 2007), called Dédée and Postman, was a member of the Belgian Resistance during the Second World War. She organised and led the Comet Line (Le Réseau Comète) to assist Allied soldiers and airmen to escape from Nazi-occupied Belgium. The airmen were survivors of military airplanes shot down over Belgium or other European countries. Between August 1941 and December 1942, she escorted 118 people, including more than 80 airmen, from Belgium to neutral Spain from where they were transported to the United Kingdom. Arrested by the Nazis in January 1943, she was incarcerated for the remainder of World War II. After the war, she worked in leper hospitals in Africa. <mask> was the recipient of the George Medal from the United Kingdom and the Medal of Freedom with golden palms from the United States and many other medals for her work during World War II.In 1985 she was made a countess by the king of Belgium. Her exploits were described in or inspired several books, movies, and television shows. Early life <mask> or Dédée <mask> was born in Schaerbeek in Belgium, then under German occupation during the First World War. She was the younger daughter of Frédéric <mask>, the headmaster of a primary school and Alice Decarpentrie. Edith Cavell, a British nurse shot in the Tir national in Schaerbeek in 1915 for assisting troops to escape from occupied Belgium to the neutral Netherlands, was a heroine in her youth. She trained as a nurse and became a commercial artist in Malmedy. Her nursing endeavours were inspired by Cavell.She was 23 years old when the Germans invaded and occupied Belgium. De Jongh was described by a British airman she helped as a "frail young girl who appears twenty years [old], very pretty, pleasant, kind, cheerful, and simple. She seems to have the carelessness of a young student who would go on vacation after passing her exams". Later, a British colonel would call her a "pure heroine of legend". Origin of the Comet Line After German troops invaded and occupied Belgium in May 1940, De Jongh moved to Brussels, where she became a Red Cross volunteer, ministering to captured Allied troops. In Brussels at that time, hiding in safe houses, were many British soldiers, those left behind at Dunkirk and escapees from those captured at Saint-Valery-en-Caux. De Jongh organised a series of safe houses for these soldiers, while also procuring civilian clothes so they would not be identified as well as false ID papers.Visiting the sick and wounded soldiers enabled her to make links with this network of safe-house keepers who were trying to work out ways to get the soldiers back to Britain. In spring 1941, <mask> Bliqui, Arnold Deppè, and <mask> <mask> organised a group of friends to help Allied soldiers and airmen escape occupied Belgium and return to Great Britain. This was the origin of what became known as the Comet Line, the largest of the escape and evasion lines in World War II. They initially called themselves the DDDs after their last names. De Bliqui was arrested in April 1941 and later executed after the group was infiltrated by Prosper Dezitter, a Belgian collaborator with the Germans. In June 1941, Deppé journeyed from Belgium to southwestern France where he had once lived to look for the means to smuggle Allied soldiers, downed airmen, and other people vulnerable to capture by the Germans out of Belgium. Deppé made contact with Elvire <mask> and her family and arranged for their help in getting people across the border.De Greef became known as "Tante Go" ("Auntie Go"). <mask> and Deppé, assisted by the <mask>reefs, attempted their first crossing of the Spanish border in July 1941 with ten Belgians and "Miss Richards," supposedly an English woman but actually a Belgian secret agent named <mask> Dupuich. After they successfully crossed the Pyrenees mountains on the Franco-Spanish border, <mask> and Deppé left their charges to fend for themselves and returned to Belgium. The ten Belgians and "Miss Richards" were arrested by Spanish police. Three Belgian soldiers among them were turned over to the Germans in France. From this experience, <mask>h realised that in future exfiltrations they must establish a relationship with the British Consulate in Bilbao to ensure the safety in Spain of the people they escorted out of occupied Belgian and France. In August, Deppé and <mask>h escorted another group of people, <mask>h taking a longer, more rural, and safer route with three men, including a British soldier, and Deppé a shorter, more dangerous route with six men.An informer betrayed Deppé and his party and they were arrested by the Germans. Deppé was imprisoned for the remainder of the war. De Jongh arrived safely at the <mask>f house in Anglet and crossed into Spain with a Basque smuggler as a guide. She appeared in the British consulate in Bilbao with a British soldier (James Cromar from Aberdeen) and two Belgian volunteers (Merchiers and Sterckmans), having travelled mostly by train from Brussels to Bayonne and then on foot over the Pyrenees through the Basque Country. The British diplomats were initially sceptical of <mask>h. It seemed unlikely to them that this young woman with three soldiers in tow had travelled from German-occupied Belgium, through occupied France, and over the Pyrenees to Spain, a straight-line distance of some (and much further by the roundabout route they had taken). De Jongh promised to exfiltrate additional British soldiers and airmen if the British would pay the Comet Line's expenses which were 6,000 Belgian Francs and 1,400 Spanish Pesetas (the sum of the two currencies amounting to the equivalent of $2,000 in 2018 U.S. dollars) for each Allied airmen or soldier exfiltrated.After three weeks of doubt, suspicion that she was a German agent, and indecision by British authorities in Spain and England, the British agreed to her terms. Except for financial assistance, <mask>h turned down all other British offers of advice and assistance. She rejected efforts by the British and the Belgian government in exile to control or direct the Comet Line. Exfiltrating Allied airmen The arrest of Arnold Deppé in August 1941 introduced a note of caution into the Comet Line. <mask> <mask> decided that Belgium was unsafe and thereafter worked and lived in Paris and Valenciennes, a French city on the border with Belgium. Her father Fernand took over some of her leadership duties in Belgium. In France, <mask>h received airmen from Brussels, cared for them in safe houses, escorted them by railroad to Bayonne or nearby cities near the Spanish border, and trekked with them across the Pyrenees to Spain.She escorted one group of three airmen in October 1941, another group of three in November, and two groups totaling 11 men in December 1941. That level of activity continued in 1942. Once she had successfully crossed the border, <mask>h turned her charges over to the British who would drive them to Gibraltar where they would be flown back to Great Britain. While the airmen proceeded onward, <mask>h met in San Sebastián with British diplomat Michael Creswell, ("Monday"), who gave her money for the Comet Line's expenses plus messages to take back to France. While returning to Paris she reinforced the system of safe houses and helpers along the route and paid necessary expenses, although most members of Comet Line never received any compensation for their expenses. Estimates of the number of times that <mask>h successfully escorted downed airmen across the border into Spain in 1941 and 1942 vary from 16 to 24 round trips. The number of persons, mostly airmen, she escorted successfully is about 118.Captured Comet Line members and their families took great risks. The escape lines became more dangerous after November 1942, when southern France was occupied by the Germans and the whole of France came under direct Nazi rule. During the war members of the Comet Line were betrayed and hundreds were arrested by the Geheime Feldpolizei and the Abwehr and were executed or deported to German prisons and concentration camps. In January 1943, <mask>h led three British airmen south by train from Paris to Saint-Jean-de-Luz. From the railway station they walked in rain for two hours to the village of Urrugne, in the French Basque country – the last stop on the escape line before the walk over the Pyrenees. With the airmen and <mask>h was her favorite Basque guide Florentino Goikoetxea, a smuggler wanted by the police on both sides of the border. They arrived at the safe house belonging to Frantxia Usandizanga, a Basque woman, intending to continue to the border, distant.However, the river Bidasoa on the border was in flood and it would be too dangerous to attempt to cross. Goikoetxea went to another house to spend the night and <mask>h and the three airmen spent the night at Usandizanga's house. They next morning, 15 January 1943, <mask>h, the three airmen, and Usandizanga were arrested in the house by ten German soldiers. They had been betrayed, probably by a farm worker named Donato whom <mask>h knew but did not trust. De Jongh was sent first to Fresnes prison in Paris and eventually to Ravensbrück concentration camp and Mauthausen. She was interrogated 19 times by the Abwehr and twice by the Gestapo. Although she admitted being the leader of the Comet Line to protect her father who was under suspicion, the Germans did not believe that this slight, young woman was more than a minor helper in the Comet Line.Their underestimation of <mask>h's importance in the Comet Line probably saved her life. Later, while she was a prisoner in Ravensbrück, the Gestapo realized who she was and searched for her, but she eluded them by hiding her identify. In <mask>'s absence and under new leadership, the Comet Line continued to function and helped more than 700 Allied soldiers reach safety during the war. Although <mask>h survived in the concentration camps, she became gravely ill and undernourished by the time she was released by the advancing Allies in April 1945. Many of her colleagues died in captivity. Her father, Frédéric <mask> was arrested in Paris on 7 June 1943 and executed on 28 March 1944. The three airmen arrested with her survived the war in prisoner-of-war camps.Usandizanga was beaten to death in Ravensbrück by a guard shortly before the camp's liberation in April 1945. Goikoetxea continued to be the preferred Comet Line guide until wounded and captured by the Germans (but rescued by the <mask>f family) shortly before France was liberated by the Allies in 1944. Later life Post-war, De Jongh finished her nursing studies and worked in leprosariums, first in the Belgian Congo, then in Cameroon, next in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. and finally in Senegal. While <mask>h was working in Ethiopia, her mother was on her deathbed in Belgium and, in a measure of respect to her, the Royal Air Force made an unscheduled stop in Addis Ababa to take her to Belgium and later returned her to Ethiopia. In 1959, while working at a leper colony in Coquilhatville, she met English novelist Graham Greene. Greene recorded her candid account of her war experiences in his journal which was published in 1961.In In Search of a Character: Two African Journals, Greene wrote that he asked her why she had come to the Congo; she replied, "Because from the age of fifteen I wanted to cure lepers. If I had delayed any longer it would have been too late." In poor health she eventually returned to Belgium with her colleague, Thérèse <mask>. For her wartime efforts, she was awarded the United States Medal of Freedom with golden palms, the British George Medal on 13 February 1946, and became a Chevalier of the French Légion d'honneur. She also became a Chevalier of the Order of Leopold, received the Belgian Croix de Guerre/Oorlogskruis with palm, and was granted the honorary rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Belgian Army. In 1985, she was made a Countess in the Belgian nobility by King Baudouin. Death The Countess <mask>h died on 13 October 2007, aged 90, at the Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels.Her funeral service was held at the La Cambre Abbey, Ixelles, Brussels, and she was interred in the crypt of her parents at the Schaerbeek Cemetery. See also The Nightingale (2015) a historical fiction novel inspired by <mask>h's WW II experiences, written by Kristin Hannah. The Postwoman (2018) an historical fiction novel based on the story of <mask> <mask>'s life, written by Michael Kenneth Smith. Secret Army, a BBC television series is based on Comet Line operations in Belgium. Airey Neave of MI9 was responsible for supporting the Comet Line. His biography of <mask>h is titled The Little Cyclone. Notes References Further reading Filmography The Last Passage, Lurre Telleria et Enara Goikoetxea, Moztu filmak & Amo films, 2010 External links Houston Chronicle: Countess who helped WWII pilots escape Nazis dies Andree <mask>, known as <mask>e tells Shirin Wheeler the story of the Comet Line 1916 births 2007 deaths People from Schaerbeek Belgian countesses Belgian nurses Belgian resistance members Recipients of the George Medal Recipients of the Medal of Freedom Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) Belgian humanitarians Women humanitarians Women in World War II Night and Fog program Burials at Schaerbeek Cemetery Belgian expatriates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Female resistance members of World War II Ravensbrück concentration camp survivors Red Cross personnel

Dédée and Postman were members of the Belgian Resistance during the Second World War. She helped Allied soldiers and airmen escape from Nazi-occupied Belgium. The airmen were shot down over Europe. She escorted 118 people, including more than 80 airmen, from Belgium to neutral Spain between August 1941 and December 1942. She was imprisoned for the rest of World War II after being arrested by the Nazis. She worked in leper hospitals after the war. She received many medals for her work during World War II, including the George Medal from the United Kingdom and the Medal of Freedom with golden palms from the United States.She was made a countess in 1985. Several books, movies, and television shows were inspired by her exploits. During the First World War, Dédée <mask> was born in Belgium. She was the daughter of Frédéric <mask> and Alice Decarpentrie. Edith Cavell was a hero in her youth for helping troops escape from occupied Belgium to the neutral Netherlands. She was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She was inspired by Cavell.The Germans invaded and occupied Belgium at the age of 23. A British airman described De Jongh as a "frail young girl who appears twenty years old, very pretty, pleasant, kind, cheerful, and simple." She seems to have lost her mind when she went on vacation after passing her exams. She was called a "pure hero of legend" by a British colonel. After German troops invaded and occupied Belgium in May 1940, De Jongh moved to Brussels, where she became a Red Cross volunteer. Many British soldiers, who were left behind at Dunkirk and escaped from Saint-Valery-en-Caux, hid in safe houses in Brussels. These soldiers were provided with safe houses, as well as civilian clothes, so they wouldn't be identified as well as false ID papers.She was able to connect with the safe-house keepers who were trying to get the soldiers back to Britain because of her visit to the sick and wounded soldiers. The group of friends organised to help Allied soldiers and airmen escape occupied Belgium and return to Great Britain. The largest of the escape and evasion lines in World War II was the origin of this. After their last names, they called themselves theDDDs. In April 1941, the group was arrested and executed by the Germans after it was discovered that they were being spied on. In June 1941, he traveled from Belgium to southwestern France where he had once lived to look for the means to smuggle Allied soldiers, downed airmen, and other people vulnerable to capture by the Germans out of Belgium. Elvire <mask> and her family were arranged for to help get people across the border."Auntie Go" became the name of De Greef. The first crossing of the Spanish border was attempted in July 1941 with ten Belgians and "Miss Richards" who was actually a Belgian secret agent. After crossing the Pyrenees mountains on the Franco-Spanish border, <mask> and Deppé left their charges to fend for themselves and returned to Belgium. Spanish police arrested ten Belgians and Miss Richards. Three Belgian soldiers were turned over to the Germans. In the future, they must establish a relationship with the British Consulate in Bilbao to ensure the safety of the people they escorted out of occupied Belgian and France. In August, a group of people, including a British soldier, were escorted by three men, including <mask>h, and a shorter route with six men.An informer betrayed the party and they were arrested by the Germans. He was imprisoned for the rest of the war. A Basque smuggler helped De Jongh cross into Spain after he arrived at the <mask>reef house. She was in the British consulate in Bilbao with a British soldier and two Belgian volunteers who traveled by train and foot over the Pyrenees through the Basque Country. The British diplomats were skeptical at first. It was unlikely that this young woman with three soldiers in tow had traveled from German-occupied Belgium, through occupied France, and over the Pyrenees to Spain, a straight-line distance of some. If the British would pay the Comet Line's expenses of 6,000 Belgian Francs and 1,400 Spanish Pesetas, De Jongh would free additional British soldiers and airmen.The British agreed to her terms after three weeks of suspicion that she was a German agent. All British offers of advice and assistance were turned down. She refused to allow the British and Belgian government to control the line. There was a note of caution into the line after the arrest of Arnold Deppé. After deciding that Belgium was unsafe, she lived in Paris and Valenciennes, a French city on the border with Belgium. Her father was in charge of her leadership duties in Belgium. In France, <mask>h took airmen from Brussels, cared for them in safe houses, and trekked with them across the Pyrenees to Spain.She escorted three airmen in October 1941, three in November 1941 and two in December 1941. In 1942, that level of activity continued. After crossing the border, <mask>h gave her charges to the British who would drive them to Gibraltar where they would be returned to Great Britain. The British diplomat Michael Creswell gave her money for the expenses and sent her back to France. The system of safe houses and helpers along the route was reinforced by her when she returned to Paris. Estimates of the number of times <mask>h successfully escorted downed airmen across the border into Spain in 1941 and 1942 vary from 16 to 24 round trips. She escorted 118 people, mostly airmen.They took great risks when they were captured. After November 1942, when southern France was occupied by the Germans, the escape lines became more dangerous. The members of the Comet Line were betrayed and hundreds were arrested and deported to German prisons and concentration camps. Three British airmen were taken by train from Paris to Saint-Jean-de-Luz. They walked for two hours from the railway station to the village of Urrugne in the French Basque country, the last stop on the escape line before walking over the Pyrenees. Florentino Goikoetxea, a smuggler wanted by the police on both sides of the border, was her favorite Basque guide. They went to the safe house to continue to the border.It would be dangerous to attempt to cross the river that was in flood. The three airmen and Goikoetxea spent the night at Usandizanga's house. They were arrested by ten German soldiers in the morning of January 15, 1943. They had been betrayed by a farm worker who they did not trust. He was first sent to a prison in Paris and then to a concentration camp. She was questioned 19 times by the Abwehr and twice by the Gestapo. Although she admitted to being the leader of the Comet Line to protect her father who was under suspicion, the Germans did not believe that she was more than a minor help.Their underestimation of <mask>h's importance probably saved her life. When she was a prisoner in Ravensbrck, the Gestapo realized who she was and searched for her, but she hid her identity. More than 700 Allied soldiers were saved during the war because of the work of the Comet Line. By the time she was released by the Allies in 1945, <mask>h was gravely ill and under nourished. Many of her colleagues died in captivity. Her father was executed on March 28, 1944, after he was arrested in Paris in June 1943. Three airmen who were arrested with her survived the war in prisoner-of-war camps.Shortly before the camp's liberation, Usandizanga was beaten to death by a guard. Shortly before France was liberated by the Allies in 1944, Goikoetxea was wounded and captured by the Germans. After finishing her nursing studies, De Jongh moved to Ethiopia where she worked in leprosariums. And finally in Africa. The Royal Air Force made an emergency stop in Ethiopia to take <mask>h to Belgium to be with her mother who was dying there. She met Graham Greene while working at a leper colony. In 1961, his journal published her candid account of her war experiences.In In Search of a Character: Two African Journals, he asked her why she came to the Congo, and she said she wanted to cure lepers. It would have been too late if I had delayed any longer. She and her colleague, Thérse <mask>, returned to Belgium in poor health. She was awarded the United States medal of freedom with golden palms and the British George medal for her wartime efforts. She was granted the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Belgian Army after becoming a Chevalier of the Order of Leopold. She was made a Countess in the Belgian nobility in 1985. The Countess <mask>h died on October 13, 2007, at the age of 90.She was buried in the crypt of her parents at the Schaerbeek Cemetery after her funeral service. The Nightingale is a historical fiction novel that is inspired by <mask>h's WW II experiences. The Postwoman is a historical fiction novel written by Michael Kenneth Smith. The series is based on operations in Belgium. Airey Neave was responsible for supporting the line. The Little Cyclone is the biography of <mask>h. The Last Passage, Lurre Telleria et Enara Goikoetxea, and Amo films are external links.

18384154

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Martin%20Sutermeister

Hans Martin Sutermeister

Hans Martin Sutermeister (29 September 1907 – 4 May 1977 pen name: Hans Moehrlen) was a Swiss physician and medical writer, politician, and activist against miscarriages of justice. Life Early years Hans Martin was born to Freidrich Sutermeister (1873-1934) and Maria Hunziker (1875-1947). His brothers include the writer Peter and composer Heinrich. His grandfather was the folklorist Otto Sutermeister. A minister's son, Hans Martin studied theology in Germany, changing to medicine at University of Basel just before completing his degree. After his promotion with his uncle Hans Hunziker in 1941, Sutermeister published, under the pseudonym “Hans Moehrlen” (following the surname of his great-grandfather Christophe Moehrlen), an autobiographical novella about his life as a bachelor. The novella describes his philosophical change of direction towards a monist view of love and happiness, inspired by natural science; remarkably is its heartedness in times of war. In the following years, Sutermeister published a series on neopositivist medical thought. He was especially interested in psychosomatic medicine and music psychology. For example, according to him, “swing music is restful” because the brain becomes fatigued when it is worked too hard, as in acquiring knowledge of new facts. Both students and business men can benefit by such music … the best way to rest the brain after such fatigue is to “regress” to more basic or primitive forms of thought and feeling. During World War II, he worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as a physician at the Swiss border. After the war he wrote for medical journals and was an instructor in psychophysiology at the Volkshochschule (Folk high school) in Bern. In 1945, he opened his first a family medical practice in Bern. In order to get a venia legendi in History of Medicine and Medical Psychology (Psychosomatics), Sutermeister successively deposited, at the beginning of the 1950s, three post-doctoral theses at the Medical Faculty of the University of Berne: About the changes in the perception of the disease; Psychosomatics of laughter and crying (a philosophical-psychological and physiological work on the Freud's theory of humor); Schiller as physician: a contribution to psychosomatic medicine. Sutermeister was in contact with the medical historian Erich Hintzsche particularly because of his work Schiller as physician, and he participated in a seminar on medical history 1953 in Lugano. In a letter to Hintzsche, Henry E. Sigerist described Sutermeister's review, published in 1955 as Volume 13 of the Berne contributions to the history of medicine and natural sciences, as “a very nice work … that is interesting even to literary historians.” The assessor Jakob Klaesi recommended to the Dean of the Faculty Bernhard Walthard to allow Sutermeister's habilitation allow for the government to issue Sutermeister's habilitation as a lecturer in Medicine history and Psychosomatic medicine. Hintzsche, however, who decided jointly, rejected his habilitation. Politics He joined the Ring of Independents political party and began his political career in the legislature of the Canton of Bern. From 1967 to 1971 he served as a member of the municipal executive, as well as director of the city's schools. As school director, he promoted comprehensive schools. Although he had a reputation as a progressive within his party, he also stirred some concern both inside and outside the party by fiercely criticizing The Little Red Schoolbook, an educational manifesto deriving from the 1968 student protest movement that urged students to reject societal norms. Der Spiegel quoted his warning to all educators: We will not permit our youth, who are today still healthy, and our freedom-based Western culture, to be undermined by such softening-up tactics, which are clearly controlled from the East, and made 'Ready for conquest' by Communism. and added that some schools banned the book; Radio Bern canceled a broadcast on it; and bookstores canceled orders; the city authorities determined that the book was not seditious, but with police assurance that they had the power to do so, banned it as posing a danger to minors. His actions revealed latent attitudinal and generational divisions within the party, and he was not re-elected in 1971. In 1972, he opened his new family medical practice in Basel. Activism against miscarriages of justice In the 1960s, Sutermeister became interested in forensic pathology, and began to involve himself in investigating and attempting to right miscarriages of justice. He traveled widely and wrote analyses on false recognition, intimidation by prison inmates, uncritical acceptance of expert testimony, suggestibility and emotionalism in jurors and psychological errors by judges. His book Summa Iniuria, which treats hundreds of cases, is one of the most thorough German-language works in the field. He concerned himself particularly with the case of Pierre Jaccoud, whom he was convinced had been wrongly convicted of murdering Charles Zumbach based on faulty forensic work. At one point Pierre Hegg, the head of the police criminological laboratory, sued him for defamation. His efforts on behalf of Jaccoud made him a prominent and effective opponent of courtroom injustice, and he went so far as to assemble the funds to hire Horace Mastronardi and other lawyers to appeal Jaccoud's conviction. Despite his efforts, the case was never reopened. The criminal law expert Karl Peters puts Sutermeister's Summa iniuria in the context of the earlier works of Erich Sello, Max Alsberg, Albert Hellwig, Max Hirschberg and Heinrich Jagusch and considers him as a "committed fighters for a constitutionally protected Criminal Justice". Bibliography The bibliography of Hans Martin Sutermeister includes a fictional novel and around 150 scientific articles, essays and books, some of them Investigative journalism written by the Swiss writer Hans Martin Sutermeister, pen name Hans Moehrlen (1907–1977). Sutermeister was a prolific writer on topics related to psychosomatic medicine, music psychology and history of medicine as well as contemporary Swiss society and cultural criticism, whom Karl Peters in 2008 declared "a fierce fighter for justice." Sutermeister is best remembered for his contradictory political as a both-left-and-rightwing libertarian-authoritarian presence in local media. Every line of work that he has written since 1942 seeming, directly or indirectly, in favour of a monist worldview. To that end, Sutermeister used his scientific writing to defend his political convictions, as shown in several book reviews. He first achieved acclaim with his non–fictional books from Psychologie und Weltanschauung (1944) to Schiller als Arzt (1955) and cemented his place in local history as one of the greatest Swiss pamphletists with the publication of Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtümer shortly before his death. Sutermeister wrote non-fiction—including book reviews, editorials, and investigative journalism—for a variety of Swiss periodicals, mainly medical journals. He particularly wrote a book-length investigation of comprehensive schools in Switzerland and another of miscarriages of justice in the form of Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtümer, a retrospective of criminal justice mainly in Switzerland and Germany. No attempts have been made until now to comprehensively collect the entirety of his miscellany. Books Sutermeister composed one novel, Zwischen zwei Welten, which is autobiographical; it was inspired by his period working as a student during wartime; it records his experiences living and tramping in a town where he later finished his medical studies; the names are partially fictionalized: (Autobiographic novel, published under the pseudonym "Hans Moehrlen"). 76 pages. Reprint by the Swiss National Library, Bern 2011, . Book reviews: Carl Heinrich in: Die Gefährten: Monatsschrift für Erkenntnis und Tat. Vol. 9–17, 1947, p. 69. Anton Schaller: Zwischen zwei Welten: Erinnerung an den Landesring oder was eine kleine Novelle bewirken kann Seniorweb.ch, 29 April 2012. Among his Non-fiction books are the writings of his Neopositivist period (1942–1945) which culminates in his article Der Neopositivismus als neue Einheitsweltanschauung (1945; see below): Nomen atque omen. Die Fortschritte der psychologischen Forschung und ihre weltanschauliche Tragweite (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Neuroseproblems). Buchdruckerei W. Friedli, Bern 1942, 92 pages. 184 pages. (Hans Huber: today Hogrefe.) Book reviews of: Hans Rudolf Oehlhey: Review of "Psychologie und Weltanschauung". In: "Aufbau: Kulturpolitische Monatsschrift." Berlin W 8. vol. 3, 1947, nr. 3, p. 282-283. Agostino Gemelli in: „Scientia“: rivista di scienza, Vol. 83, 1948, p. 119–120; and in: Archivio di psicologia, neurologia e psichiatria, 7, 1946, p. 227. ? in: Zeitschrift für pädagogische Psychologie und Jugendkunde, Vol. 45, 1944, p. 63. ? in: Universitas, Vol. 6, 1951, p. 383 (with a short biographic note). 140 pages. Der Alltag des Arztes. In: Ulrich Frey, Hans Martin Sutermeister, Werner Messerli (1910–1991): Der Arzt. Paul Haupt Verlag, Bern 1956, p. 20–31 (Gemeinnütziger Verein der Stadt Bern (Herausgeber): Die akademischen Berufe. Eine Schriftenreihe zur Erleichterung der Berufswahl. Vol. 3). * Published by the Schuldirektion der Stadt Bern; 225 pages. The work is an exact reproduction with some extensions of the initial report Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer stadtbernischen Bildungspolitik mit dem Ziel einer inneren und äusseren Schulreform („Gesamtschule“) published in January 1971. (810 pages). Reprint: Swiss National Library, Bern 2011, . Book reviews: Karl Peters in: Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft. Vol. 26, “Band” 88, nr. 1, 1976, p. 993-995, ; Klaus Volk in: Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform. Vol. 60, 1977, p. 388; Wolfgang Lorenz in: Archiv für Kriminologie. Vol. 160, nr. 3/4, 1977; Otto Scrinzi in: Ärztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. 1976/1977. (523 pages). Reprint: Swiss National Library, Bern 2011, . Book reviews: Rémy Droz in: Psychologie: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie und ihre Anwendungen, 35-36, 1976, p. 317; ? in: Psychotherapie und medizinische Psychologie, Vol. 28, 1978, p. 180; Otto Scrinzi in: Ärztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. Vol. 29, nr. 13, 12 February 1977; ? in: Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinische Psychologie, Volume 32, 1980, p. 122. Academic work Doctoral dissertation: Das schweizerische Tuberkulosegesetz. Geschichte, Inhalt, Ausführung und Erfolg bis zur Gegenwart. Dissertation, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Basel. Benno Schwabe & Co., Basel 1941. At the University of Berne, Sutermeister presented subsequently three Habilitation theses, which were all rejected: Articles Sutermeister wrote dozens of essays and book reviews. His insights into history of medicine, literature, and politics (defending in particular anti-fascist, liberal socialist, freethought and somehow anti-communist ideas) during the following years. Since his death, many essays have disappeared, with the first attempt at a comprehensive collection being this list. Some of his essays, mainly during his time as member of the Ring of Independents political party, took the form of pamphlets and were published and distributed (by himself) independently. The following list contains the articles which are both registered in PubMed and can be considered as outstanding because of their scope, theme range or length: Verstehende oder erklärende Psychologie? Buchdruckerei W. Friedli, Bern 1942 (12 pages). Alte und neue Logik. Neuere Ergebnisse der psychologischen Forschung und ihre Tragweite (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Neuroseproblems). Buchdruckerei W. Friedli, Bern 1942 (19 pages). Neue Gesichtspunkte der medizinischen Psychologie. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. nr. 45, 9 November 1944 (16 pages). Neue Gesichtspunkte in der Psychologie. In: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie und ihre Anwendungen. Vol. 2, nr. 4, 1944, p. 307–312. ‘Wünsche an die Welt von morgen’: Gedanken zu einer Umfrage . In: Schweizerische Hochschulzeitung. Vol. 19, nr. 1, 1945/46 (2 pages). Zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Kropfforschung. In: Ars Medici: Organ des praktischen Arztes. Vol. 35, nr. 12, 1945, p. 666–673, . With Étienne Grandjean: Föhn und Föhnkrankheit. In: Ars medici: Organ des praktischen Arztes. Vol. 35, 1945, nr. ?, p. 494. Krankheit, Wetter und Klima. In: Die Gesundheit: Korrespondenzblatt der Krankenkasse für den Kanton Bern. 1945, p. 2–3. Zur Kontroverse ‘Abstrakt-Konkret’. In: Abstrakt, konkret: Bulletin der Galerie des Eaux Vives. Vol. 11, 1945 (2 pages). Der Neopositivismus als kommende ‘Einheitsweltanschauung’? In: Der Freidenker: Organ der Freigeistigen Vereinigung der Schweiz. Vol. 28, 1945, nr.8 and 9. Zur Geschichte des Psychogeniebegriffs. In: Gesundheit und Wohlfahrt. vol. 7, 1945, p. 377–410. Zum heutigen Stand des Erkältungsproblems. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 34, nr. 52, 27 December 1945, p. 746–753, . Die Dermatologie in der Allgemeinpraxis. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 35, nr. 11, 15 March 1946 (22 pages). Erfahrungen aus der Lagermedizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 37, nr. 3, 22 January 1948, p. 44–51, . Über Speranskys ‘Neuralpathologie’ und ‘Neuraltherapie’. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 37, nr. 36, 9 September 1948, p. 670–673, . Zum Thema Mode und Medizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 37, nr. 46, 18 November 1948, p. 860–862, . Über Speranskys Krankheitslehre. Speranskys Neuralpathologie und Neuraltherapie. In: Ars Medici. Vol. 38, nr. 9, 1948, p. 554–562, . Über Speranskys Krankheitslehre. In: Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift. Vol. 79, nr. 15, 16 April 1949, p. 345-348, . Über Rhythmusforschung in der Medizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 38, nr. 35, 1 September 1949, p. 743–750, . Nachwort zum Aufsatz über Speranskys Krankheitslehre. In: Medizinische Monatsschrift. Vol. 3, nr. 11, November 1949, p. 824, . Über Farben- und Musiktherapie. In: Gesundheit / Gesundheit und Wohlfahrt. Vol. 30, nr. 1, January 1950, p. 1, . Neue Gesichtspunkte in Medizin und Psychohygiene. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 39, nr. 14, 6 April 1950, p. 297–302, . Film und Psychohygiene. In: Gesundheit und Wohlfahrt. Vol. 30, nr. 6, June 1950, p. 249–278, . Book review: 306. Sutermeister, H. Film und Psychohygiene. Movies and mental hygiene. In: Educational aspects and practical measures. In: The influence of the cinema on children and adolescents: An annotated international bibliography. Reports and Papers on Mass Communication, Nr. 31. Paris: UNESCO, 1961, p. 70. Über psychosomatische Medizin. In: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift. Vol. 100, nr. 29–30, 12 August 1950, p. 493–496, . Über den heutigen Stand der Sexualforschung. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 39, nr. 37, 14 September 1950, p. 794–800, . Zur Psychologie des Kurpfuschers. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 39, nr. 52, 28 December 1950, p. 1115–1122, . Reviev: Theodor Oettli: ‘’The quack problem; comments on points made by H. Sutermeister.’’ [Zum Kurpfuscherproblem; Gedanken zu den Ausfürhrungen von H. Sutermeister.] In: Praxis Volume 40, Issue 6, 8 February 1951, Pages 121-122. Medizin und Presse. In: Der Bund, 1950. Musiktherapie. In: Universitas: Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Literatur. Vol. 6, nr. 3, 1951, p. 307–318. Der heutige Stand der ‚psychosomatischen Medizin‘. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 40, nr. 38, 20 September 1951, p. 777–785, . Masse und Musik. In: Schweizerische Monatsschrift ‚Du‘. March 1952 (4 pages). Psychosomatik des Schmerzes (Der heutige Stand des Schmerzproblems). In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 41, nr. 32, 7 August 1952, p. 681–692, . Schiller als Arzt, sein Beitrag zur psychosomatischen Medizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin, Vol. 42, nr. 33, 13 August 1953, , . Mit Werner Bärtschi-Rochaix: Zur Pathopsychologie des Lachens. In: Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie. Vol. 74, nr. 1–2, 1954, p. 416–419, . Über die Fortschritte der ‘psychosomatischen’ Forschung. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 43, nr. 13, 1 April 1954, p. 269–279, . Zum heutigen Stand der Aphasienforschung. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 43, nr. 41, 14. October 1954, p. 872–878, . In English. G. Ch. Lichtenberg und die Medizin. In: Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift. Vol. 97, nr. 39, 30 September 1955, p. 1288–1290, . Mit Werner Bärtschi-Rochaix: Zur Pathophysiologie des Lachens, zugleich ein Beitrag über licht-aktivierte Lachanfälle. In: Confinia Neurologica – Grenzgebiete der Neurologie. Vol. 15, nr. 1, 1955, p. 10–32, , . Über die Fortschritte der Sprachpsychologie und Sprachtherapie. In: Gesundheit und Wohlfahrt. 1955 (39 pages). Der heutige Stand der psychosomatischen Forschung. In: Ars Medici: Organ des praktischen Arztes. Vol. 45, nr. 5 (pages 327–337) and nr.6 (pages 394–404). Film und Psychohygiene. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 44, nr. 15, 14 April 1955, p. 328–334, . Vom ärztlichen Ethos. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 44, nr. 31, 4 August 1955, p. 708–711, . Das Rätsel um Robert Schumanns Krankheit. Ein Beitrag zum Genieproblem. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 48, nr. 51, 17 December 1959, p. 1177–1185, . Kriminalpsychologie und Medizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 49, nr. 23, 9 June 1960, p. 580–588, . Book review: Rudolf Koch: Buchbesprechung von Kriminalpsychologie und Medizin (1960). In: International Journal of Legal Medicine. Vol. 51, nr. 1, p. 130. Das Föhnproblem im Rahmen der modernen Meteoropathologie. Ein Beitrag zur Psychosomatik der Wetterfühligkeit. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 49, nr. 48, 1 December 1960, p. 1136–1142. Autohipnosis del espectador cinematográfico. In: Revista Latino-Americana de Hipnosis Clínica. 1960, 1, p. 23-24. Zur Psychologie des Justizirrtums. In: Der Psychologe: Psychologische Monatsschrift. 1962. (The article includes a summary of the work Du und der Justizirrtum announced by Sutermeister (the later published Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtümer.) Medizin im Schatten der Schlagworte. In: Therapie der Gegenwart: Monatsschrift für praktische Medizin. Vol. 102, nr. 10, October 1963, p. 1087–1097, . Psychosomatik des Musikerlebens. Prolegomena zur Musiktherapie. In: Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica. Vol. 12, nr. 2, 1964, p. 91–110, , . Der heutige Stand der psychosomatischen Medizin. In: Ars Medici. Vol. 54, nr. 7, 1964, p. 473–489. Justizirrtum um einen Mord. Zur Revision des Jaccoudprozesses. In: Beobachter. 1966. Dringliche Revision des schweizerischen Familienrechts betreffend Schutz der unehelichen Mutter und des unehelichen Kindes sowie betreffend Adoption. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 56, nr. 41, 12 October 1967, p. 1391–1394, . Zum Tag der Menschenrechte. Pamphlet, 10. December 1968. (In: Hans Martin Sutermeister: Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtümer. Basel, 1976, p. 659–660.) Dualismus: Psychoanalyse und Neuropsychiatrie. Der Versuch zu einer Synthese muß aus den Ansätzen kommen. In: Ärztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. Vol. 25, nr. 88, 3 November 1973, p. 3948. Brauchen wir ein Bundeskriminalamt? In: Ring (Magazine of the Ring of Independents). 1973. Die ‚Fristenlösung' und der Hippokrateseid. In: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin “Praxis”. Vol. 63, nr. 36, 10 September 1974, p. 1101–1103, . Schutz– und Erholungsregressionen. Psychotische Bildnerei als Wegweiser zu einer „Kunsttherapie“. In: Ärztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. Vol. 29, nr. 18, 1 March 1977, p. 844–846. Other cultural manifestation As a member of the so–called bernese nonconformists, Sutermeister spoke in the Junkere 37 (sometimes called Speakers' Corner of Bern). Some fragments of these manifestations are traceable in the Nonkonformismus Archiv Fredi Lerch. While Sutermeister was not known for his aesthetic work, he did compose two “little waltz” and a poem: Hans Möhrlen (pseudonym): Kleiner Walzer für Violine und Piano. 1949. Published by the Swiss National Library, 2011. Hans Möhrlen (pseudonym): Kleiner Walzer für Klavier. 1949. Published by the Swiss National Library, 2011. Kleiner Walzer arranged for piano accordion is available free of charge, under Creative Commons, Sutermeister Heirs. Medizynischer Liebeskummer (frei nach Heine). Published in Der Schweizerische Beobachter between 1961 and 1971. Personal life Hans Martin married Ingeborg Marie Schulzke, with whom he had three daughters. References External links 156 publications of Hans Martin Sutermeister at WorldCat Hans Peter Stalder. Kontroverse um kleines rotes Schülerbuch. With Manfred Wettler and Hans Mühlethaler. Antenne, July 1, 1970 (Memoriav) Jakob Klaesi. Betrifft Habilitationsgesuch des Dr. med. H. M. Sutermeister. Letter to Bernhard Walthard. September 6, 1954. Franz Keller. Lieber „Trotzdem–Freund“ Sutermeister! Letter to the editor. Schweizerisches Sozialarchiv, Ar. 128.3, Dossier “Leserbriefe, an die Redaktionen geschickte Texte”. 1907 births 1977 deaths People from Kulm District Alliance of Independents politicians Swiss medical writers Swiss activists Swiss general practitioners Freethought Civil rights activists University of Basel alumni Swiss male writers

<mask> (29 September 1907 – 4 May 1977 pen name: <mask>) was a Swiss physician and medical writer, politician, and activist against miscarriages of justice. Life Early years <mask> was born to <mask> (1873-1934) and Maria Hunziker (1875-1947). His brothers include the writer Peter and composer Heinrich. His grandfather was the folklorist <mask>. A minister's son, <mask> studied theology in Germany, changing to medicine at University of Basel just before completing his degree. After his promotion with his uncle <mask>r in 1941, <mask> published, under the pseudonym “<mask>” (following the surname of his great-grandfather Christophe Moehrlen), an autobiographical novella about his life as a bachelor. The novella describes his philosophical change of direction towards a monist view of love and happiness, inspired by natural science; remarkably is its heartedness in times of war.In the following years, <mask> published a series on neopositivist medical thought. He was especially interested in psychosomatic medicine and music psychology. For example, according to him, “swing music is restful” because the brain becomes fatigued when it is worked too hard, as in acquiring knowledge of new facts. Both students and business men can benefit by such music … the best way to rest the brain after such fatigue is to “regress” to more basic or primitive forms of thought and feeling. During World War II, he worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as a physician at the Swiss border. After the war he wrote for medical journals and was an instructor in psychophysiology at the Volkshochschule (Folk high school) in Bern. In 1945, he opened his first a family medical practice in Bern.In order to get a venia legendi in History of Medicine and Medical Psychology (Psychosomatics), <mask> successively deposited, at the beginning of the 1950s, three post-doctoral theses at the Medical Faculty of the University of Berne: About the changes in the perception of the disease; Psychosomatics of laughter and crying (a philosophical-psychological and physiological work on the Freud's theory of humor); Schiller as physician: a contribution to psychosomatic medicine. <mask> was in contact with the medical historian Erich Hintzsche particularly because of his work Schiller as physician, and he participated in a seminar on medical history 1953 in Lugano. In a letter to Hintzsche, Henry E. Sigerist described <mask>'s review, published in 1955 as Volume 13 of the Berne contributions to the history of medicine and natural sciences, as “a very nice work … that is interesting even to literary historians.” The assessor Jakob Klaesi recommended to the Dean of the Faculty Bernhard Walthard to allow Sutermeister's habilitation allow for the government to issue <mask>'s habilitation as a lecturer in Medicine history and Psychosomatic medicine. Hintzsche, however, who decided jointly, rejected his habilitation. Politics He joined the Ring of Independents political party and began his political career in the legislature of the Canton of Bern. From 1967 to 1971 he served as a member of the municipal executive, as well as director of the city's schools. As school director, he promoted comprehensive schools.Although he had a reputation as a progressive within his party, he also stirred some concern both inside and outside the party by fiercely criticizing The Little Red Schoolbook, an educational manifesto deriving from the 1968 student protest movement that urged students to reject societal norms. Der Spiegel quoted his warning to all educators: We will not permit our youth, who are today still healthy, and our freedom-based Western culture, to be undermined by such softening-up tactics, which are clearly controlled from the East, and made 'Ready for conquest' by Communism. and added that some schools banned the book; Radio Bern canceled a broadcast on it; and bookstores canceled orders; the city authorities determined that the book was not seditious, but with police assurance that they had the power to do so, banned it as posing a danger to minors. His actions revealed latent attitudinal and generational divisions within the party, and he was not re-elected in 1971. In 1972, he opened his new family medical practice in Basel. Activism against miscarriages of justice In the 1960s, <mask> became interested in forensic pathology, and began to involve himself in investigating and attempting to right miscarriages of justice. He traveled widely and wrote analyses on false recognition, intimidation by prison inmates, uncritical acceptance of expert testimony, suggestibility and emotionalism in jurors and psychological errors by judges.His book Summa Iniuria, which treats hundreds of cases, is one of the most thorough German-language works in the field. He concerned himself particularly with the case of Pierre Jaccoud, whom he was convinced had been wrongly convicted of murdering Charles Zumbach based on faulty forensic work. At one point Pierre Hegg, the head of the police criminological laboratory, sued him for defamation. His efforts on behalf of Jaccoud made him a prominent and effective opponent of courtroom injustice, and he went so far as to assemble the funds to hire Horace Mastronardi and other lawyers to appeal Jaccoud's conviction. Despite his efforts, the case was never reopened. The criminal law expert Karl Peters puts <mask>'s Summa iniuria in the context of the earlier works of Erich Sello, Max Alsberg, Albert Hellwig, Max Hirschberg and Heinrich Jagusch and considers him as a "committed fighters for a constitutionally protected Criminal Justice". Bibliography The bibliography of <mask> <mask> includes a fictional novel and around 150 scientific articles, essays and books, some of them Investigative journalism written by the Swiss writer <mask> <mask>, pen name <mask> (1907–1977).<mask> was a prolific writer on topics related to psychosomatic medicine, music psychology and history of medicine as well as contemporary Swiss society and cultural criticism, whom Karl Peters in 2008 declared "a fierce fighter for justice." <mask> is best remembered for his contradictory political as a both-left-and-rightwing libertarian-authoritarian presence in local media. Every line of work that he has written since 1942 seeming, directly or indirectly, in favour of a monist worldview. To that end, <mask> used his scientific writing to defend his political convictions, as shown in several book reviews. He first achieved acclaim with his non–fictional books from Psychologie und Weltanschauung (1944) to Schiller als Arzt (1955) and cemented his place in local history as one of the greatest Swiss pamphletists with the publication of Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtümer shortly before his death. <mask> wrote non-fiction—including book reviews, editorials, and investigative journalism—for a variety of Swiss periodicals, mainly medical journals. He particularly wrote a book-length investigation of comprehensive schools in Switzerland and another of miscarriages of justice in the form of Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtümer, a retrospective of criminal justice mainly in Switzerland and Germany.No attempts have been made until now to comprehensively collect the entirety of his miscellany. Books <mask> composed one novel, Zwischen zwei Welten, which is autobiographical; it was inspired by his period working as a student during wartime; it records his experiences living and tramping in a town where he later finished his medical studies; the names are partially fictionalized: (Autobiographic novel, published under the pseudonym "<mask>"). 76 pages. Reprint by the Swiss National Library, Bern 2011, . Book reviews: Carl Heinrich in: Die Gefährten: Monatsschrift für Erkenntnis und Tat. Vol. 9–17, 1947, p. 69.Anton Schaller: Zwischen zwei Welten: Erinnerung an den Landesring oder was eine kleine Novelle bewirken kann Seniorweb.ch, 29 April 2012. Among his Non-fiction books are the writings of his Neopositivist period (1942–1945) which culminates in his article Der Neopositivismus als neue Einheitsweltanschauung (1945; see below): Nomen atque omen. Die Fortschritte der psychologischen Forschung und ihre weltanschauliche Tragweite (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Neuroseproblems). Buchdruckerei W. Friedli, Bern 1942, 92 pages. 184 pages. (<mask>ber: today Hogrefe.) Book reviews of: <mask> Oehlhey: Review of "Psychologie und Weltanschauung".In: "Aufbau: Kulturpolitische Monatsschrift." Berlin W 8. vol. 3, 1947, nr. 3, p. 282-283. Agostino Gemelli in: „Scientia“: rivista di scienza, Vol. 83, 1948, p. 119–120; and in: Archivio di psicologia, neurologia e psichiatria, 7, 1946, p. 227. ? in: Zeitschrift für pädagogische Psychologie und Jugendkunde, Vol.45, 1944, p. 63. ? in: Universitas, Vol. 6, 1951, p. 383 (with a short biographic note). 140 pages. Der Alltag des Arztes. In: Ulrich Frey, <mask> <mask>, Werner Messerli (1910–1991): Der Arzt. Paul Haupt Verlag, Bern 1956, p. 20–31 (Gemeinnütziger Verein der Stadt Bern (Herausgeber): Die akademischen Berufe.Eine Schriftenreihe zur Erleichterung der Berufswahl. Vol. 3). * Published by the Schuldirektion der Stadt Bern; 225 pages. The work is an exact reproduction with some extensions of the initial report Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer stadtbernischen Bildungspolitik mit dem Ziel einer inneren und äusseren Schulreform („Gesamtschule“) published in January 1971. (810 pages). Reprint: Swiss National Library, Bern 2011, .Book reviews: Karl Peters in: Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft. Vol. 26, “Band” 88, nr. 1, 1976, p. 993-995, ; Klaus Volk in: Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform. Vol. 60, 1977, p. 388; Wolfgang Lorenz in: Archiv für Kriminologie. Vol.160, nr. 3/4, 1977; Otto Scrinzi in: Ärztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. 1976/1977. (523 pages). Reprint: Swiss National Library, Bern 2011, . Book reviews: Rémy Droz in: Psychologie: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie und ihre Anwendungen, 35-36, 1976, p. 317; ? in: Psychotherapie und medizinische Psychologie, Vol.28, 1978, p. 180; Otto Scrinzi in: Ärztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. Vol. 29, nr. 13, 12 February 1977; ? in: Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinische Psychologie, Volume 32, 1980, p. 122. Academic work Doctoral dissertation: Das schweizerische Tuberkulosegesetz. Geschichte, Inhalt, Ausführung und Erfolg bis zur Gegenwart.Dissertation, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Basel. Benno Schwabe & Co., Basel 1941. At the University of Berne, <mask> presented subsequently three Habilitation theses, which were all rejected: Articles <mask> wrote dozens of essays and book reviews. His insights into history of medicine, literature, and politics (defending in particular anti-fascist, liberal socialist, freethought and somehow anti-communist ideas) during the following years. Since his death, many essays have disappeared, with the first attempt at a comprehensive collection being this list. Some of his essays, mainly during his time as member of the Ring of Independents political party, took the form of pamphlets and were published and distributed (by himself) independently. The following list contains the articles which are both registered in PubMed and can be considered as outstanding because of their scope, theme range or length: Verstehende oder erklärende Psychologie?Buchdruckerei W. Friedli, Bern 1942 (12 pages). Alte und neue Logik. Neuere Ergebnisse der psychologischen Forschung und ihre Tragweite (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Neuroseproblems). Buchdruckerei W. Friedli, Bern 1942 (19 pages). Neue Gesichtspunkte der medizinischen Psychologie. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. nr.45, 9 November 1944 (16 pages). Neue Gesichtspunkte in der Psychologie. In: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie und ihre Anwendungen. Vol. 2, nr. 4, 1944, p. 307–312. ‘Wünsche an die Welt von morgen’: Gedanken zu einer Umfrage .In: Schweizerische Hochschulzeitung. Vol. 19, nr. 1, 1945/46 (2 pages). Zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Kropfforschung. In: Ars Medici: Organ des praktischen Arztes. Vol.35, nr. 12, 1945, p. 666–673, . With Étienne Grandjean: Föhn und Föhnkrankheit. In: Ars medici: Organ des praktischen Arztes. Vol. 35, 1945, nr. ?, p. 494.Krankheit, Wetter und Klima. In: Die Gesundheit: Korrespondenzblatt der Krankenkasse für den Kanton Bern. 1945, p. 2–3. Zur Kontroverse ‘Abstrakt-Konkret’. In: Abstrakt, konkret: Bulletin der Galerie des Eaux Vives. Vol. 11, 1945 (2 pages).Der Neopositivismus als kommende ‘Einheitsweltanschauung’? In: Der Freidenker: Organ der Freigeistigen Vereinigung der Schweiz. Vol. 28, 1945, nr.8 and 9. Zur Geschichte des Psychogeniebegriffs. In: Gesundheit und Wohlfahrt. vol.7, 1945, p. 377–410. Zum heutigen Stand des Erkältungsproblems. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 34, nr. 52, 27 December 1945, p. 746–753, . Die Dermatologie in der Allgemeinpraxis.In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 35, nr. 11, 15 March 1946 (22 pages). Erfahrungen aus der Lagermedizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol.37, nr. 3, 22 January 1948, p. 44–51, . Über Speranskys ‘Neuralpathologie’ und ‘Neuraltherapie’. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 37, nr. 36, 9 September 1948, p. 670–673, .Zum Thema Mode und Medizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 37, nr. 46, 18 November 1948, p. 860–862, . Über Speranskys Krankheitslehre. Speranskys Neuralpathologie und Neuraltherapie.In: Ars Medici. Vol. 38, nr. 9, 1948, p. 554–562, . Über Speranskys Krankheitslehre. In: Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift. Vol.79, nr. 15, 16 April 1949, p. 345-348, . Über Rhythmusforschung in der Medizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 38, nr. 35, 1 September 1949, p. 743–750, .Nachwort zum Aufsatz über Speranskys Krankheitslehre. In: Medizinische Monatsschrift. Vol. 3, nr. 11, November 1949, p. 824, . Über Farben- und Musiktherapie. In: Gesundheit / Gesundheit und Wohlfahrt.Vol. 30, nr. 1, January 1950, p. 1, . Neue Gesichtspunkte in Medizin und Psychohygiene. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 39, nr.14, 6 April 1950, p. 297–302, . Film und Psychohygiene. In: Gesundheit und Wohlfahrt. Vol. 30, nr. 6, June 1950, p. 249–278, . Book review: 306.<mask>, H. Film und Psychohygiene. Movies and mental hygiene. In: Educational aspects and practical measures. In: The influence of the cinema on children and adolescents: An annotated international bibliography. Reports and Papers on Mass Communication, Nr. 31. Paris: UNESCO, 1961, p. 70.Über psychosomatische Medizin. In: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift. Vol. 100, nr. 29–30, 12 August 1950, p. 493–496, . Über den heutigen Stand der Sexualforschung. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin.Vol. 39, nr. 37, 14 September 1950, p. 794–800, . Zur Psychologie des Kurpfuschers. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 39, nr.52, 28 December 1950, p. 1115–1122, . Reviev: Theodor Oettli: ‘’The quack problem; comments on points made by H. <mask>.’’ [Zum Kurpfuscherproblem; Gedanken zu den Ausfürhrungen von H. <mask>.] In: Praxis Volume 40, Issue 6, 8 February 1951, Pages 121-122. Medizin und Presse. In: Der Bund, 1950. Musiktherapie.In: Universitas: Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Literatur. Vol. 6, nr. 3, 1951, p. 307–318. Der heutige Stand der ‚psychosomatischen Medizin‘. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol.40, nr. 38, 20 September 1951, p. 777–785, . Masse und Musik. In: Schweizerische Monatsschrift ‚Du‘. March 1952 (4 pages). Psychosomatik des Schmerzes (Der heutige Stand des Schmerzproblems). In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin.Vol. 41, nr. 32, 7 August 1952, p. 681–692, . Schiller als Arzt, sein Beitrag zur psychosomatischen Medizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin, Vol. 42, nr. 33, 13 August 1953, , .Mit Werner Bärtschi-Rochaix: Zur Pathopsychologie des Lachens. In: Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie. Vol. 74, nr. 1–2, 1954, p. 416–419, . Über die Fortschritte der ‘psychosomatischen’ Forschung. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin.Vol. 43, nr. 13, 1 April 1954, p. 269–279, . Zum heutigen Stand der Aphasienforschung. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 43, nr.41, 14. October 1954, p. 872–878, . In English. G. Ch. Lichtenberg und die Medizin. In: Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift. Vol.97, nr. 39, 30 September 1955, p. 1288–1290, . Mit Werner Bärtschi-Rochaix: Zur Pathophysiologie des Lachens, zugleich ein Beitrag über licht-aktivierte Lachanfälle. In: Confinia Neurologica – Grenzgebiete der Neurologie. Vol. 15, nr. 1, 1955, p. 10–32, , .Über die Fortschritte der Sprachpsychologie und Sprachtherapie. In: Gesundheit und Wohlfahrt. 1955 (39 pages). Der heutige Stand der psychosomatischen Forschung. In: Ars Medici: Organ des praktischen Arztes. Vol. 45, nr.5 (pages 327–337) and nr.6 (pages 394–404). Film und Psychohygiene. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 44, nr. 15, 14 April 1955, p. 328–334, . Vom ärztlichen Ethos.In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 44, nr. 31, 4 August 1955, p. 708–711, . Das Rätsel um Robert Schumanns Krankheit. Ein Beitrag zum Genieproblem. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin.Vol. 48, nr. 51, 17 December 1959, p. 1177–1185, . Kriminalpsychologie und Medizin. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 49, nr.23, 9 June 1960, p. 580–588, . Book review: Rudolf Koch: Buchbesprechung von Kriminalpsychologie und Medizin (1960). In: International Journal of Legal Medicine. Vol. 51, nr. 1, p. 130. Das Föhnproblem im Rahmen der modernen Meteoropathologie.Ein Beitrag zur Psychosomatik der Wetterfühligkeit. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol. 49, nr. 48, 1 December 1960, p. 1136–1142. Autohipnosis del espectador cinematográfico. In: Revista Latino-Americana de Hipnosis Clínica.1960, 1, p. 23-24. Zur Psychologie des Justizirrtums. In: Der Psychologe: Psychologische Monatsschrift. 1962. (The article includes a summary of the work Du und der Justizirrtum announced by Sutermeister (the later published Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtümer.) Medizin im Schatten der Schlagworte. In: Therapie der Gegenwart: Monatsschrift für praktische Medizin.Vol. 102, nr. 10, October 1963, p. 1087–1097, . Psychosomatik des Musikerlebens. Prolegomena zur Musiktherapie. In: Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica. Vol.12, nr. 2, 1964, p. 91–110, , . Der heutige Stand der psychosomatischen Medizin. In: Ars Medici. Vol. 54, nr. 7, 1964, p. 473–489.Justizirrtum um einen Mord. Zur Revision des Jaccoudprozesses. In: Beobachter. 1966. Dringliche Revision des schweizerischen Familienrechts betreffend Schutz der unehelichen Mutter und des unehelichen Kindes sowie betreffend Adoption. In: Praxis: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin. Vol.56, nr. 41, 12 October 1967, p. 1391–1394, . Zum Tag der Menschenrechte. Pamphlet, 10. December 1968. (In: <mask> <mask>: Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtümer. Basel, 1976, p.659–660.) Dualismus: Psychoanalyse und Neuropsychiatrie. Der Versuch zu einer Synthese muß aus den Ansätzen kommen. In: Ärztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. Vol. 25, nr. 88, 3 November 1973, p. 3948.Brauchen wir ein Bundeskriminalamt? In: Ring (Magazine of the Ring of Independents). 1973. Die ‚Fristenlösung' und der Hippokrateseid. In: Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin “Praxis”. Vol. 63, nr.36, 10 September 1974, p. 1101–1103, . Schutz– und Erholungsregressionen. Psychotische Bildnerei als Wegweiser zu einer „Kunsttherapie“. In: Ärztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. Vol. 29, nr. 18, 1 March 1977, p. 844–846.Other cultural manifestation As a member of the so–called bernese nonconformists, <mask> spoke in the Junkere 37 (sometimes called Speakers' Corner of Bern). Some fragments of these manifestations are traceable in the Nonkonformismus Archiv Fredi Lerch. While <mask> was not known for his aesthetic work, he did compose two “little waltz” and a poem: <mask> (pseudonym): Kleiner Walzer für Violine und Piano. 1949. Published by the Swiss National Library, 2011. <mask> (pseudonym): Kleiner Walzer für Klavier. 1949.Published by the Swiss National Library, 2011. Kleiner Walzer arranged for piano accordion is available free of charge, under Creative Commons, Sutermeister Heirs. Medizynischer Liebeskummer (frei nach Heine). Published in Der Schweizerische Beobachter between 1961 and 1971. Personal life <mask> married Ingeborg Marie Schulzke, with whom he had three daughters. References External links 156 publications of <mask> <mask> at WorldCat <mask> Stalder. Kontroverse um kleines rotes Schülerbuch.With Manfred Wettler and <mask>r. Antenne, July 1, 1970 (Memoriav) Jakob Klaesi. Betrifft Habilitationsgesuch des Dr. med. H. M. Sutermeister. Letter to Bernhard Walthard. September 6, 1954. Franz Keller.Lieber „Trotzdem–Freund“ Sutermeister! Letter to the editor. Schweizerisches Sozialarchiv, Ar. 128.3, Dossier “Leserbriefe, an die Redaktionen geschickte Texte”. 1907 births 1977 deaths People from Kulm District Alliance of Independents politicians Swiss medical writers Swiss activists Swiss general practitioners Freethought Civil rights activists University of Basel alumni Swiss male writers

<mask> was a Swiss physician and activist against wrongful convictions. <mask> was born to <mask> and Maria Hunziker. The writer Peter is one of his brothers. His grandfather was a folklorist. <mask>, the son of a minister, studied theology and medicine in Germany before completing his degree. An autobiographical novella about his life as a bachelor was published under the name "<mask>" after his promotion with his uncle <mask>r in 1941. In times of war, the novella describes his change of direction towards a monist view of love and happiness, inspired by natural science.<mask> published a series on neopositivist medical thought. He was interested in music psychology and psychosomatic medicine. Swing music is relaxing because the brain becomes fatigued when it is worked too hard, as in acquiring knowledge of new facts. The best way to rest the brain after such fatigue is togress to more basic or primitive forms of thought and feeling. During World War II, he worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as a physician at the Swiss border. He was an instructor at the Volkshochschule in Bern and wrote for medical journals after the war. He opened his first family practice in 1945.In order to get a venia legendi in History of Medicine and Medical Psychology (Psychosomatics), <mask> deposited three theses at the Medical Faculty of the University of Berne. He participated in a seminar on medical history in Lugano in 1953 because of his contact with the medical historian. Henry E. Sigerist described <mask>'s review as a very nice work and that it was interesting to literary historians. He rejected his habilitation. He began his political career in the legislature of the Canton of Bern after joining the Ring of Independents political party. He was the director of the city's schools from 1971 to 1967, as well as a member of the municipal executive. He was the school director.Although he had a reputation as a progressive within his party, he stirred some concern both inside and outside the party by fiercely criticizing The Little Red Schoolbook, an educational manifesto derived from the 1968 student protest movement that urged students to reject societal norms. "We will not permit our youth, who are today still healthy, and our freedom-based Western culture, to be undermined by such softening-up tactics, which are clearly controlled from the East, and made 'Ready for conquest' by Communism." Radio Bern canceled a broadcast of the book, bookstores canceled orders, and the city authorities decided that the book was not seditious, but that they had the power to ban it. He was not re-elected in 1971 because of his actions. In 1972 he opened a family medical practice. In the 1960s, Sutermeister became interested in forensic pathology and began to investigate and correct wrongful convictions. He traveled and wrote analyses on false recognition, intimidation by prison inmates, uncritical acceptance of expert testimony, suggestibility and emotionalism in jurors and psychological errors by judges.One of the most thorough German-language works in the field is his book. He was concerned about the case of Pierre Jaccoud, who he thought had been wrongly convicted of murder. Pierre Hegg, the head of the police criminological laboratory, sued him for defamation. His efforts on behalf of Jaccoud made him a prominent and effective opponent of courtroom injustice, and he went so far as to assemble the funds to appeal Jaccoud's conviction. The case was never reopened despite his efforts. The criminal law expert Karl Peters considers <mask> to be a "committed fighters for a constitutionally protected Criminal Justice". A fictional novel and around 150 scientific articles, essays and books, some of them Investigative journalism written by the Swiss writer <mask> <mask>, pen name <mask>, can be found in the bibliography.Karl Peters declared in 2008 that <mask> was a fierce fighter for justice, as he was a prolific writer on topics related to psychosomatic medicine, music psychology and history of medicine as well as contemporary Swiss society and cultural criticism. <mask> was a libertarian-authoritarian presence in local media. Since 1942, every line of work that he has written seems to be in favor of a monist view. <mask> used his scientific writing to defend his political beliefs in several book reviews. The publication of Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval solidified his place in local history as one of the greatest Swiss pamphletists. <mask> wrote non-fiction, including book reviews, editorials, and investigative journalism, for a variety of Swiss periodicals. He wrote a retrospective of criminal justice in Switzerland and Germany in the form of Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtmer.Attempts have been made to collect the entire miscellany. The name of the novel, which is autobiographical, was inspired by his time working as a student during the war, as well as his time living and working in a town where he later finished his medical studies. There are 76 pages. The Swiss National Library published a book in 2011. The book was written by Carl Heinrich. There is a new edition of Vol. In 1947, p. 69.There was a kleine Novelle bewirken on Seniorweb.ch on April 29th. The writings of his Neopositivist period are included in his Non-fiction books. Besonderer Bercksichtigung des Neuroseproblems ist die Fortschritte der psychologischen Forschung. W. Friedli, Bern, 92 pages, was published in 1942. There are 184 pages. Today is Hogrefe, says <mask>. The review of "Psychologie und Weltanschauung" was written by <mask>."Aufbau: Kulturpolitische Monatsschrift." Berlin W 8. In 1947, nr. 3, p. Agostino Gemelli wrote about rivista di scienza. In: Archivio di psicologia, neurologia e psichiatria, 7, 1946, p. 227. There is anschrift fr pdagogische Psychologie und Jugendkunde.In 1944, p. 63. In: Universitas. A biographic note is included in the 6, 1951, p. 383. 140 pages. The Alltag des Arztes. In: <mask> <mask>, Werner Messerli. The Gemeinntziger Verein der Stadt Bern (Herausgeber): Die berufe was written by Paul Haupt.Eine Schriftenreihe is an Erleichterung der Berufswahl. There is a new edition of Vol. There are more than one 3). The Schuldirektion der Stadt Bern has published over 200 pages. The work is an exact reproduction of a report published in 1971. There are over 800 pages. The Swiss National Library is in Bern.Karl Peters wrote book reviews. There is a new edition of Vol. Band 88, nr. In 1976, Klaus Volk wrote: "Monatsschrift fr Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform." There is a new edition of Vol. Wolfgang Lorenz wrote in: Archiv fr Kriminologie. There is a new edition of Vol.160, nr. Otto Scrinzi wrote: rztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. The year 1976/1977. There are 523 pages. The Swiss National Library is in Bern. The book was written by Rémy Droz. In: Psychotherapie und Medizinische Psychologie.Otto Scrinzi wrote: rztliche Praxis: Die Zeitung des Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. There is a new edition of Vol. 29, nr. 13, 12 February 1977;? The Psychiatrie, Neurologie und medizinische Psychologie, Volume 32, 1980, was published in 1980. The thesis is: Das schweizerische Tuberkulosegesetz. Ausfhrung und Erfolg can be found in the Gegenwart.The University of Basel has a Faculty of Medicine. Benno Schwabe & Co. was founded in 1941. Three Habilitation theses were presented at the University of Berne, but were all rejected. His insights into history of medicine, literature, and politics (defending in particular anti-fascist, liberal socialist, freethought and somehow anti-communist ideas) during the following years. This list is the first attempt at a comprehensive collection since his death. During his time as a member of the Ring of Independents political party, some of his essays took the form of pamphlets and were published and distributed by himself. The following list contains the articles which are both registered in PubMed and can be considered as outstanding because of their scope, theme range or length.W. Friedli, Bern was published in 1942. There is Alte und Logik. Bercksichtigung des Neurose Problems is the psychologischen Forschung. W. Friedli, Bern was published in 1942. Ihren Gesichtspunkte ist der medizinischen Psychologie. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. nr.There were 16 pages in 45, 9 November 1944. The Psychologie has a Gesichtspunkte. In: Psychologie und Anwendungen. There is a new edition of Vol. 2, nr. p. 307–312 was published in 1944. Wnsche an die Welt von morgen.In: Hochschulzeitung. There is a new edition of Vol. 19, nr. There were 2 pages. There is a stand for the Kropfforschung. Ars Medici: Organ des Arztes. There is a new edition of Vol.35, nr. In 1945, p. 666–673. With tienne Grandjean: Fhn und Fhnkrankheit. Ars medici: Organ des Arztes. There is a new edition of Vol. 35, 1945, nr. p. 494Krankheit, Wetter und Klima. The Krankenkasse is fr den Kanton Bern. In 1945, it was p. 2–3. Zur Kontroverse is called Abstrakt-Konkret. Bulletin der Galerie des Eaux Vives is in: Abstrakt. There is a new edition of Vol. In 1945 there were 2 pages.Is the Neopositivismus a kommende 'Einheitsweltanschauung'? The Freidenker: Organ der Freigeistigen Vereinigung. There is a new edition of Vol. 28, 1945, and 9. There is a description of the Psychogeniebegriffs. In: Gesundheit. vol.In 1945, it was p. 377–410. The stand is des Erkltungsproblems. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 34, nr. 52, 27 December 1945, p. 746–753. The Allgemeinpraxis has a Dermatologie in it.In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 35, nr. There were 22 pages on March 15, 1946. Aus der Lagermedizin ist erfahrungen. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol.37, nr. 3, 22 January 1948, p. 44–51. Speranskys is known as the 'neuralpathologie' and the 'neuraltherapie'. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 37, nr. 36, 9 September 1948, p. 670–673.Thema Mode and Medizin. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 37, nr. 46, 18 November 1948, p. Speranskys Krankheitslehre. Speranskys Neuralpathologie and Neuraltherapie are related.In: Ars Medici. There is a new edition of Vol. 38, nr. 9, 1948, p. 554–562. Speranskys Krankheitslehre. There is a book in this category. There is a new edition of Vol.78, nr. On 16 April 1949, p. 345- 347, was published. In der Medizin, ber Rhythmusforschung. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 38, nr. p. 743–750 was published on 1 September 1949.Speranskys Krankheitslehre is the subject of the Aufsatz ber Speranskys. In: Medizinische Monatsschrift. There is a new edition of Vol. 3, nr. In November 1949, p. 825. Farben- und Musiktherapie. In: Gesundheit.There is a new edition of Vol. 30, nr. January 1, 1950. In Medizin und Psychohygiene. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 39, nr.14 April 1950 and 6 April 1950. Film and Psychohygiene. In: Gesundheit. There is a new edition of Vol. 30, nr. In June of 1950, there was a p. The book was reviewed.H. Film und Psychohygiene was written by <mask>. Mental hygiene and movies. Practical measures and educational aspects are included. An annotated international bibliography is about the influence of the cinema on children and adolescents. There are reports and papers on mass communication. 31. Paris: UNESCO, 1961, p. 70.ber psychosomatische Medizin. In: Medizinische wochenschrift. There is a new edition of Vol. 100, nr. 29–30, 12 August 1950, p. ber den heutigen Stand. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin.There is a new edition of Vol. 39, nr. p. 794–800 was published on 14 September 1950. Psychologie des Kurpfuschers is what it is called. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 39, nr.The book was published in December of 1950. Theodor Oettli commented on points made by H. <mask>. Sutermeister. In: Praxis Volume 40, Issue 6, 8 February 1951, Pages 121-122. Medizin und Presse. In: 1950. There is a song called Musiktherapie.In: Universitas: Zeitschrift fr Wissenschaft. There is a new edition of Vol. 6, nr. p. 307–318 was published in 1951. The stand is called the psychosomatischen Medizin. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol.40, nr. 38, 20 September 1951. Masse und Musik. In: Du'. There were four pages in March 1952. Psychosomatik des Schmerzes is a stand. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin.There is a new edition of Vol. 41, nr. On 7 August 1952, there was a p. Schiller is a psychosomatischen Medizin. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. 42, nr. 13 August 1953.Zur Pathopsychologie des Lachens is written by Werner Brtschi- Rochaix. In: Psychologie und Psychiatrie. There is a new edition of Vol. 74, nr. p. 416–423,. ber die Fortschritte der 'psychosomatischen' Forschung. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin.There is a new edition of Vol. 43, nr. p. 269–279 was published on 1 April 1954. The stand was heutigen. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 43, nr.There were 41 and 14. October 1954. In English. G. Ch. Lichtenberg und die Medizin. Mnchner Medizinische wochenschrift. There is a new edition of Vol.97, nr. p. 1288–1290 was published on 30 September 1955. Zur Pathophysiologie des Lachens ist licht-aktivierte Lachanflle. Grenzgebiete der Neurologie is in. There is a new edition of Vol. 15, nr. In 1955, p. 10–32ber die Fortschritte der Sprachpsychologie. In: Gesundheit. There were 39 pages in 1955. The stand is der psychosomatischen Forschung. Ars Medici: Organ des Arztes. There is a new edition of Vol. 45, nr.There are 5 and nr.6 pages. Film and Psychohygiene. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 44, nr. In April 1955, p. 328–334 was published. Vom rztlichen Ethos.In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 44, nr. On August 4, 1955, p. 708–711. Robert Schumanns Krankheit is referred to as the Rtsel. The genieproblem is Ein Beitrag. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin.There is a new edition of Vol. 48, nr. On 17 December 1959, p. 1177–1185 was published. Medizin und kruminalpsychologie are related. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 49, nr.On 9 June 1960, p. 580–588, was published. The book was written by Rudolf Koch. The International Journal of Legal Medicine was published. There is a new edition of Vol. 51, nr. 1, p. 130. The modernen Meteoropathologie has a problem called the Fhnproblem.The Psychosomatik is a part of the Wetterfhligkeit. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 49, nr. The book was published in December of 1960. The cinematogrfico has an auto hipnosis. In: Revista Latino-Americana de Hipnosis.The 1, p. 23-24 was published in 1960. Psychologie des Justizirrtums. In: Psychologische Monatsschrift. 1962. The summary of the work Du und der Justizirrtum was published in the Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtmer. Im Schatten der Schlagworte ist Medizin. In: Therapie der Gegenwart.There is a new edition of Vol. 101, nr. October 10, 1963, p. Psychosomatik des Musikerlebens. The Musiktherapie is referred to as Prolegomena. In: Psychosomatica. There is a new edition of Vol.12, nr. 2, 1964, p. The stand is der psychosomatischen Medizin. In: Ars Medici. There is a new edition of Vol. 54, nr. p. 473–489 was published in 1964.Justizirrtum, das Mord. Revision des Jaccoudprozesses. In: Beobachter. 1966. Dringliche Revision des schweizerischen Familienrechts betreffend Schutz. In: Praxis: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol.56, nr. 41, 12 October 1967, p. There is a Tag der Menschenrechte. Pamphlet, 10 years old. December 1968. <mask> <mask> wrote a book called Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtmer. In 1976, p.661–661. Psychoanalyse und Neuropsychiatrie are dualismus. The Synthese mu aus den Anstzen kommen. The rztliche Praxis is a book about the Arztes. There is a new edition of Vol. 25, nr. 3 November 1973, p. 3948.Are you talking about the Bundeskriminalamt? The magazine of the Ring of Independents. 1973. The Hippokrateseid is die Fristenlsung'. In: Rundschau fr Medizin. There is a new edition of Vol. 63, nr.36, 10 September 1974, p. Schutz– und Erholungsregressionen. Psychotische Bildnerei is a Wegweiser. The rztliche Praxis is a book about the Arztes. There is a new edition of Vol. 29, nr. On 1 March 1977 there was a p.The Junkere 37 is sometimes called the Speakers' Corner of Bern. The Nonkonformismus Archiv Fredi Lerch contains fragments of these manifestations. While <mask> was not known for his aesthetic work, he did compose two pieces of music and a poem called <mask> (pseudonym): Kleiner Walzer fr Violine und Piano. 1949. The book was published by the Swiss National Library. <mask> is also known as Kleiner Walzer. 1949.The book was published by the Swiss National Library. The Kleiner Walzer is available for free under Creative Commons. There is a Medizynischer Liebeskummer. It was published in the Beobachter between 1961 and 1971. <mask> had three daughters with the woman he married. There are 156 publications of <mask> <mask> at WorldCat. Kontroverse um kleines.With <mask>r. On July 1, 1970 there was a Memoriav. Betrifft Habilitationsgesuch des Dr. med. The man is H. M. <mask>. A letter to a man. September 6, 1954. There is a man named Franz Keller.Trotzdem–Freund” Sutermeister! The letter was sent to the editor. The Sozialarchiv is from Ar. Dossier "Leserbriefe, an die Redaktionen geschickte Texte" The Kulm District Alliance of Independents politicians had 1907 births and 1977 deaths.

496994

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%20Barlow

Lou Barlow

Louis Knox Barlow (born July 17, 1966) is an American alternative rock musician and songwriter. A founding member of the groups Dinosaur Jr., Sebadoh and The Folk Implosion, Barlow is credited with helping to pioneer the lo-fi style of rock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s. His first band, which was formed in Amherst, Massachusetts, was Deep Wound. Barlow was born in Dayton, Ohio, and raised in Jackson, Michigan, and Westfield, Massachusetts. Barlow has released four solo albums, the latest of which is the May 28, 2021 release Reason to Live. Dinosaur Jr. Barlow attended high school in Westfield, Massachusetts, where he met Scott Helland. The two formed the Massachusetts-based hardcore punk band Deep Wound. J Mascis joined the band after answering their ad for a "drummer wanted to play really fast". After becoming disillusioned with the constraints of hardcore, Deep Wound broke up in 1984. Mascis and Barlow reunited that year to form Dinosaur, later Dinosaur Jr. Mascis and Barlow had personality conflicts throughout Dinosaur Jr.'s early existence, and after the 1988 release of their third album, Bug, and the initial supporting tour, Barlow was kicked out of the band. In 2005, Barlow rejoined the band alongside the original drummer, Murph. Since then, the band has reissued its first three records, toured extensively worldwide and released five new records, Beyond, Farm, I Bet on Sky, Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not, and Sweep It Into Space . Sebadoh, Sentridoh and Folk Implosion After his dismissal from Dinosaur Jr., Barlow turned his attention to his band Sebadoh, which he had formed earlier with multi-instrumentalist Eric Gaffney. The project featured low fidelity recording techniques and combined Barlow's introspective, confessional songwriting with Gaffney's discordant noise collages. Bassist and songwriter Jason Loewenstein was added to the line-up in 1989. Sebadoh's early releases include The Freed Man (1989) and Weed Forestin' (1990), the latter of which was originally self-released under the name Sentridoh in 1987. Both albums were officially released by Homestead Records, as was the band's third album, Sebadoh III (1991), which helped establish the "lo-fi" subgenre and became a defining album of 90s indie rock. The band released several studio-recorded albums on Sub Pop Records throughout the 1990s. As Sebadoh grew in popularity and critical acclaim, Barlow continued work on the Sentridoh side project, which featured mostly home-recorded material similar to his output on the first three Sebadoh albums, but often recorded solo and with a less consistent sound quality. Sentridoh released a trio of cassette-only albums on Shrimper Records in the early 1990s, with the highlights later being collected on CD and vinyl compilations like Winning Losers: A Collection of Home Recordings 89–93 (1994) and Another Collection of Home Recordings (1994). In 1993, Sentridoh released a popular single for the song "Losercore," on the label Smells Like Records founded by Steve Shelley of the American rock band, Sonic Youth. Barlow has called it "the most finely executed of all my releases" thanks to Shelley, who "made sure this looked and sounded great." Numerous other Sentridoh releases on a variety of record labels followed, including releases on his own Loobiecore label. In 1994, Barlow formed the Folk Implosion with singer-songwriter John Davis. The band released several singles and EPs, and in 1995 reached the Top 40 with the song "Natural One", from the soundtrack to the film Kids by Larry Clark. It remains Barlow's biggest commercial hit. After the release of Sebadoh's eighth album, The Sebadoh, in 1999, the band went on hiatus and its members went on to pursue other projects. Barlow continued to work with the Folk Implosion, releasing One Part Lullaby in 1999. Barlow took a break from the Folk Implosion in 2000 to collaborate on the album Subsonic 6 with Belgian musician, Rudy Trouvé. In 2003, Barlow released The New Folk Implosion featuring Imaad Wasif on guitar and Sebadoh drummer Russ Pollard on drums. The same year, he appeared as a musician in the film Laurel Canyon. In the spring of 2004, Barlow briefly reunited with Loewenstein for the "Turbo Acoustic" Sebadoh tour. During this tour, he also reunited with J Mascis for a performance of the song "Video Prick" with former Deep Wound vocalist Charlie Nakajima. This performance led to a full-fledged Dinosaur Jr. reunion in 2005, with original members Barlow, Mascis and Murph performing "The Lung" on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on April 15, 2005, and a show at Spaceland in Los Angeles the following night. The band then played well-received tours of the U.S. and Europe throughout the rest of the year, and in 2006 headed to Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In 2007, Barlow reunited with Loewenstein and Gaffney to perform the first Sebadoh shows with the "classic" lineup in 14 years. In June 2013, Sebadoh released their first new music in 14 years; the music was released as an EP precursor to their new album, "Defend Yourself," which was released in September 2013. Both of the new EP and LP albums were released through Joyful Noise Recordings. Other collaborations Released the instrumental split album Subsonic 6 (2000) with Belgian musician, Rudy Trouvé Sings on the track "Some" by Sharon Stoned, on the album License to Confuse (1995) Sings on the tracks "My Brother Moves" and "Everything You Know Is Wrong" by Production Club, from the album Follow Your Bliss (2003) Sings on the track "In the City in the Rain" by the 6ths on Wasps' Nests 6 6/6" Plays bass on the track "Strange Song" by Supreme Dicks, on the album The Unexamined Life (1993) Solo work Barlow released the first album under his own name, Emoh, in January 2005 on Merge Records. It featured long-time collaborators such as Sebadoh members Jason Loewenstein and Russ Pollard and Lou's sister Abby Barlow, and featured a higher production value than many of his previous solo releases. Jason Crock of Pitchfork called it "the most consistently strong record he's released since The Folk Implosion's One Part Lullaby" and wrote that "even if much of it was recorded at home, Emoh'''s 14 unassuming folk songs sound like they were created in a professional setting." In November 2005, Barlow toured the Iberian Peninsula to promote the album. Barlow released his second solo album, Goodnight Unknown, in October 2009 on Merge. It was produced by Andrew Murdock and featured numerous guest musicians, including Imaad Wasif on guitar and Dale Crover of the Melvins and Murph on drums. Barlow toured the album in the U.S. in the fall of 2009, opening for Dinosaur Jr. and backed by The Missingmen of Mike Watt + the Missingmen. Barlow's third solo album, Brace the Wave, was released on September 4, 2015 on Joyful Noise Recordings. It was recorded in six days with Justin Pizzoferrato, who also worked as a sound engineer for Dinosaur Jr. at Sonelab Studios in Massachusetts. The tracks from Brace the Wave feature Barlow's ukulele playing. Barlow also took 100 original Polaroid selfies to accompany the VIP vinyl edition of the album. On October 28, 2016, Barlow released a 5 track EP entitled "Apocalypse Fetish" on Joyful Noise Recordings In April 2021, it was announced that a solo album entitled Reason to Live would be released on May 28 via Joyful Noise. Personal life Barlow's first marriage was to Kathleen Billus, with whom he has two children, Hendrix and Hannelore. In May 2015, he married knitwear designer Adelle Louise Burda, with whom he has a daughter, Izetta. Radio and podcast appearances Barlow appeared on WTF with Marc Maron on episode 448 released December 2, 2013. Barlow appeared on comedian Ken Reid's TV Guidance Counselor Podcast on September 18, 2015. He has also appeared on episode 71 of the Duncan Trussell Family Hour Podcast on June 24, 2013. Discography See also Deep Wound, The Folk Implosion, Sebadoh discography Albums Singles EPs Live Compilation Featured in compilations with Dinosaur JrDinosaur (1985)You're Living All Over Me (1987)Bug (1988)Beyond (2007)Farm (2009)I Bet on Sky (2012)Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not (2016)Sweep It Into Space (2021) Tribute (2012) Just Gimme Lou Barlow'' (A Paperheart Tribute to) References External links Lou Barlow's website Official Sebadoh website Lou Barlow interview at Prefixmag Interview with Lou Barlow (via Talk Rock To Me) August 17, 2012 1966 births American indie rock musicians Living people Guitarists from Massachusetts Musicians from Dayton, Ohio Mint Records artists American rock bass guitarists American male bass guitarists Dinosaur Jr. members Sebadoh members The Folk Implosion members Guitarists from Ohio 20th-century American guitarists Joyful Noise Recordings artists 21st-century American guitarists Noise Addict members Merge Records artists Shrimper Records artists Sub Pop artists City Slang artists Domino Recording Company artists

<mask> (born July 17, 1966) is an American alternative rock musician and songwriter. A founding member of the groups Dinosaur Jr., Sebadoh and The Folk Implosion, <mask> is credited with helping to pioneer the lo-fi style of rock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s. His first band, which was formed in Amherst, Massachusetts, was Deep Wound. <mask> was born in Dayton, Ohio, and raised in Jackson, Michigan, and Westfield, Massachusetts. <mask> has released four solo albums, the latest of which is the May 28, 2021 release Reason to Live. Dinosaur Jr. <mask> attended high school in Westfield, Massachusetts, where he met Scott Helland. The two formed the Massachusetts-based hardcore punk band Deep Wound.J Mascis joined the band after answering their ad for a "drummer wanted to play really fast". After becoming disillusioned with the constraints of hardcore, Deep Wound broke up in 1984. Mascis and <mask> reunited that year to form Dinosaur, later Dinosaur Jr. Mascis and <mask> had personality conflicts throughout Dinosaur Jr.'s early existence, and after the 1988 release of their third album, Bug, and the initial supporting tour, <mask> was kicked out of the band. In 2005, <mask> rejoined the band alongside the original drummer, Murph. Since then, the band has reissued its first three records, toured extensively worldwide and released five new records, Beyond, Farm, I Bet on Sky, Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not, and Sweep It Into Space . Sebadoh, Sentridoh and Folk Implosion After his dismissal from Dinosaur Jr., <mask> turned his attention to his band Sebadoh, which he had formed earlier with multi-instrumentalist Eric Gaffney. The project featured low fidelity recording techniques and combined <mask>'s introspective, confessional songwriting with Gaffney's discordant noise collages.Bassist and songwriter Jason Loewenstein was added to the line-up in 1989. Sebadoh's early releases include The Freed Man (1989) and Weed Forestin' (1990), the latter of which was originally self-released under the name Sentridoh in 1987. Both albums were officially released by Homestead Records, as was the band's third album, Sebadoh III (1991), which helped establish the "lo-fi" subgenre and became a defining album of 90s indie rock. The band released several studio-recorded albums on Sub Pop Records throughout the 1990s. As Sebadoh grew in popularity and critical acclaim, <mask> continued work on the Sentridoh side project, which featured mostly home-recorded material similar to his output on the first three Sebadoh albums, but often recorded solo and with a less consistent sound quality. Sentridoh released a trio of cassette-only albums on Shrimper Records in the early 1990s, with the highlights later being collected on CD and vinyl compilations like Winning Losers: A Collection of Home Recordings 89–93 (1994) and Another Collection of Home Recordings (1994). In 1993, Sentridoh released a popular single for the song "Losercore," on the label Smells Like Records founded by Steve Shelley of the American rock band, Sonic Youth.<mask> has called it "the most finely executed of all my releases" thanks to Shelley, who "made sure this looked and sounded great." Numerous other Sentridoh releases on a variety of record labels followed, including releases on his own Loobiecore label. In 1994, <mask> formed the Folk Implosion with singer-songwriter John Davis. The band released several singles and EPs, and in 1995 reached the Top 40 with the song "Natural One", from the soundtrack to the film Kids by Larry Clark. It remains <mask>'s biggest commercial hit. After the release of Sebadoh's eighth album, The Sebadoh, in 1999, the band went on hiatus and its members went on to pursue other projects. <mask> continued to work with the Folk Implosion, releasing One Part Lullaby in 1999.<mask> took a break from the Folk Implosion in 2000 to collaborate on the album Subsonic 6 with Belgian musician, Rudy Trouvé. In 2003, <mask> released The New Folk Implosion featuring Imaad Wasif on guitar and Sebadoh drummer Russ Pollard on drums. The same year, he appeared as a musician in the film Laurel Canyon. In the spring of 2004, <mask> briefly reunited with Loewenstein for the "Turbo Acoustic" Sebadoh tour. During this tour, he also reunited with J Mascis for a performance of the song "Video Prick" with former Deep Wound vocalist Charlie Nakajima. This performance led to a full-fledged Dinosaur Jr. reunion in 2005, with original members <mask>, Mascis and Murph performing "The Lung" on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on April 15, 2005, and a show at Spaceland in Los Angeles the following night. The band then played well-received tours of the U.S. and Europe throughout the rest of the year, and in 2006 headed to Japan, Australia and New Zealand.In 2007, <mask> reunited with Loewenstein and Gaffney to perform the first Sebadoh shows with the "classic" lineup in 14 years. In June 2013, Sebadoh released their first new music in 14 years; the music was released as an EP precursor to their new album, "Defend Yourself," which was released in September 2013. Both of the new EP and LP albums were released through Joyful Noise Recordings. Other collaborations Released the instrumental split album Subsonic 6 (2000) with Belgian musician, Rudy Trouvé Sings on the track "Some" by Sharon Stoned, on the album License to Confuse (1995) Sings on the tracks "My Brother Moves" and "Everything You Know Is Wrong" by Production Club, from the album Follow Your Bliss (2003) Sings on the track "In the City in the Rain" by the 6ths on Wasps' Nests 6 6/6" Plays bass on the track "Strange Song" by Supreme Dicks, on the album The Unexamined Life (1993) Solo work <mask> released the first album under his own name, Emoh, in January 2005 on Merge Records. It featured long-time collaborators such as Sebadoh members Jason Loewenstein and Russ Pollard and <mask>'s sister <mask>, and featured a higher production value than many of his previous solo releases. Jason Crock of Pitchfork called it "the most consistently strong record he's released since The Folk Implosion's One Part Lullaby" and wrote that "even if much of it was recorded at home, Emoh'''s 14 unassuming folk songs sound like they were created in a professional setting." In November 2005, <mask> toured the Iberian Peninsula to promote the album.<mask> released his second solo album, Goodnight Unknown, in October 2009 on Merge. It was produced by Andrew Murdock and featured numerous guest musicians, including Imaad Wasif on guitar and Dale Crover of the Melvins and Murph on drums. <mask> toured the album in the U.S. in the fall of 2009, opening for Dinosaur Jr. and backed by The Missingmen of Mike Watt + the Missingmen. <mask>'s third solo album, Brace the Wave, was released on September 4, 2015 on Joyful Noise Recordings. It was recorded in six days with Justin Pizzoferrato, who also worked as a sound engineer for Dinosaur Jr. at Sonelab Studios in Massachusetts. The tracks from Brace the Wave feature <mask>'s ukulele playing. <mask> also took 100 original Polaroid selfies to accompany the VIP vinyl edition of the album.On October 28, 2016, <mask> released a 5 track EP entitled "Apocalypse Fetish" on Joyful Noise Recordings In April 2021, it was announced that a solo album entitled Reason to Live would be released on May 28 via Joyful Noise. Personal life <mask>'s first marriage was to Kathleen Billus, with whom he has two children, Hendrix and Hannelore. In May 2015, he married knitwear designer Adelle <mask>, with whom he has a daughter, Izetta. Radio and podcast appearances <mask> appeared on WTF with Marc Maron on episode 448 released December 2, 2013. <mask> appeared on comedian Ken Reid's TV Guidance Counselor Podcast on September 18, 2015. He has also appeared on episode 71 of the Duncan Trussell Family Hour Podcast on June 24, 2013. Discography See also Deep Wound, The Folk Implosion, Sebadoh discography Albums Singles EPs Live Compilation Featured in compilations with Dinosaur JrDinosaur (1985)You're Living All Over Me (1987)Bug (1988)Beyond (2007)Farm (2009)I Bet on Sky (2012)Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not (2016)Sweep It Into Space (2021) Tribute (2012) Just Gimme <mask>'' (A Paperheart Tribute to) References External links <mask>'s website Official Sebadoh website <mask> interview at Prefixmag Interview with <mask> (via Talk Rock To Me) August 17, 2012 1966 births American indie rock musicians Living people Guitarists from Massachusetts Musicians from Dayton, Ohio Mint Records artists American rock bass guitarists American male bass guitarists Dinosaur Jr. members Sebadoh members The Folk Implosion members Guitarists from Ohio 20th-century American guitarists Joyful Noise Recordings artists 21st-century American guitarists Noise Addict members Merge Records artists Shrimper Records artists Sub Pop artists City Slang artists Domino Recording Company artists

<mask> is an American alternative rock musician. <mask> is credited with helping to pioneer the lo-fi style of rock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Deep Wound was his first band. <mask> was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Jackson, Michigan. The May 28, 2021, release of Reason to Live is <mask>'s fourth solo album. Scott Helland met Dinosaur Jr. at high school. The two formed a band.The drummer wanted to play really fast, so J Mascis joined the band. Deep Wound broke up in 1984 after becoming dissatisfied with the constraints of hardcore. Mascis and <mask> had personality conflicts throughout Dinosaur Jr.'s early existence, and after the 1988 release of their third album, Bug, <mask> was kicked out of the band. <mask> rejoined the band with the original drummer. Five new records, Beyond, Farm, I Bet on Sky, Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not, and Sweep It Into Space have been released by the band since then. <mask> formed a new band, Sebadoh, after his dismissal from Dinosaur Jr. <mask> and Gaffney collaborated on a project that featured low fidelity recording techniques.He was added to the line-up in 1989. Sebadoh's first two releases were The Freed Man (1989) and Weed Forestin' (1990), both of which were self-released. Sebadoh III, the band's third album, helped establish the "lo-fi" subgenre and became a defining album of 90s independent rock. Sub Pop Records produced several studio-recorded albums by the band. <mask> continued to work on the Sentridoh side project, which featured mostly home-recorded material similar to his output on the first three Sebadoh albums, but often recorded solo and with a less consistent sound quality. Winning Losers: A Collection of Home Recordings 89–93 (1994) and Another Collection of Home Recordings (1994) were some of the highlights of the three cassette-only albums that Sentridoh released on Shrimper Records. The song "Losercore" was a hit in 1993 and was released on the Smells Like Records label.<mask> said it was the most finely executed of all his releases. Several other releases on a variety of record labels followed, including releases on his own label. <mask> and John Davis formed the Folk Implosion. In 1995 the band reached the Top 40 with their song "Natural One" from the soundtrack to the film Kids by Larry Clark. <mask>'s biggest hit is it. After the release of Sebadoh's eighth album, The Sebadoh, in 1999, the band went on hiatus and members went on to pursue other projects. One Part Lullaby was released by <mask> and the Folk Implosion in 1999.<mask> took a break from the Folk Implosion in 2000 to work on an album with a Belgian musician. <mask> released The New Folk Implosion in 2003 with Imaad Wasif on guitar and Russ Pollard on drums. He was a musician in the film. <mask> was on the "Turbo Acoustic" Sebadoh tour in the spring of 2004. He and J Mascis performed a song called "Video Prick" with former Deep Wound vocalist Charlie Nakajima. On April 15, 2005, <mask>, Mascis and Murph performed "The Lung" on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, as well as a show at Spaceland in Los Angeles the following night. The band played well-received tours of the U.S. and Europe throughout the rest of the year.<mask>, Gaffney, and Loewenstein performed the first Sebadoh shows in 14 years in 2007. In June of last year, Sebadoh released their first new music in 14 years, and in September of the same year they released their new album, "Defend Yourself." The new albums were released by Joyful Noise. On the instrumental split album Subsonic 6 (2000) with Belgian musician, Rudy Trouvé Sings on the track "Some" by Sharon Stoned. It featured long-time partners such as Sebadoh members Russ Pollard and <mask>'s sister, and had a higher production value than many of his previous solo releases. It's the most consistently strong record he's released since The Folk Implosion's One Part Lullaby, and even if much of it was recorded at home, Emoh's 14 simple folk songs sound like they were created. <mask> traveled to the Iberian Peninsula to promote the album.Goodnight Unknown was <mask>'s second solo album. It was produced by Andrew Murdock and featured many guest musicians, including Imaad Wasif on guitar and Dale Crover on drums. <mask> toured the U.S. in the fall of 2009, opening for Dinosaur Jr. and The Missingmen of Mike Watt + the Missingmen. On September 4, 2015, <mask>'s third solo album, Brace the Wave, was released. It was recorded in six days with a sound engineer who worked for Dinosaur Jr. <mask> plays the ukulele on the tracks from Brace the Wave. <mask> took 100 original Polaroid selfies and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611On October 28, 2016, <mask> released a 5 track EP entitled "Apocalypse Fetish" on Joyful Noise Recordings, and in April 2021, it was announced that a solo album entitled "Reason to Live" would be released on May 28 via Joyful Noise. <mask>'s first marriage was to Kathleen Billus, with whom he has two children. He married knitwear designer Adelle <mask> in May of 2015. <mask> appeared on the show on December 2, 2013. <mask>ell Family Hour. You're Living All Over Me, Beyond, and I Bet on Sky are all included in Dinosaur JrDinosaur.

21323602

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel%20Abdessemed

Adel Abdessemed

Adel Abdessemed (born 1971) is an Algerian contemporary artist. He has worked in a variety of media, including animation, installation, performance, sculpture and video. Some of his work relates to the topic of violence in the world. Biography Abdessemed was born in Constantine, in eastern Algeria, to a Chaoui Berber family. He grew up in the area of the Aurès Mountains, and attended the in Batna. He then studied at the in Algiers. He left in 1994. Between 1994 and 1999, Abdessemed attended the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts in Lyon, in eastern central France. He then lived and worked in the Cité internationale des arts in Paris. In 2000–2001 he was a resident artist at P.S.1 in New York. After spending some time in Berlin, he returned in 2004 to Paris. He is also a French citizen. He met his wife in a bar in Lyon called L’Antidote in the mid-1990s, an episode represented in the small replica of the venue in a vitrine in the exhibition at MAC in Lyon. Work Adel Abdessemed grew up in Algeria amid civil war tensions, and has been greatly affected by the media exposure of the Gulf War and its global impact. If the collapse of the machine and the first Big War at the beginning of the 20th Century contributed in no small part to the establishment of an art that was suddenly provoking and difficult to look at, the availability of images from the war front in the 1990s made the same process impossible. There is little point in trying to tackle brutality by denouncing it via a series of trite statements or graphic imagery. Adel Abdessemed stated about his work «I think my work is actually positive. The world is violent – not me». Abdessemed's life-size sculptural variations of iconic images, such as the nine-year-old Phan Thị Kim Phúc (nicknamed ‘the Napalm Girl’) running away naked from an explosion throughout the Vietnam War in 1972 or the French football player Zinedine Zidane headbutting Marco Materazzi during the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final (Headbutt) are only two examples of how the immediacy of such moments take on fresh meaning when solidified in a form designed to make them still and everlasting. And even in those moments when the relationship between subject and rendition is a bit more fluid, as for example with the combination of the Antonio Canova-inspired sculpture group Is Beautiful with the terracotta-made, hard working men depicted in Sham, the outcome doesn't seem to change. This is not a literal representation of reality, but rather a sublimation of iconic images to art that takes place. Adel Abdessemed is known to have a special way to laugh. While studying art in Algeria, one of his professors defined it ‘The Devil’s Laugh’. Exhibitions Solo shows 2018: Otchi Tchiornie, Mac's Grand-Hornu, Belgium L'antidote, MAC Lyon, Lyon, France Le chagrin des Belges, Dvir Gallery, Brussels, Belgium 2017: Conflit, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Montréal, Canada 2016 Politics of Drawing, Cahiers d’Art, Paris, France Surfaces, église des Célestins, Festival d'Avignon, France Bristow, commissioned by Bold Tendencies CIC, London, United Kingdom 2015 : From Here to Eternity, Venus Over Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA Jalousies: Complicités avec Jean Nouvel, Musée de Vence, Vence, France Palace, CAC, Malaga, Spain Soldaten, Christine König Galleria, Viena, Austria Opening of Archives, Video Bureau, Beijing, China 2014: Merci, Blondeau & Cie, Geneva, Switzerland Oiseau, Spatiu Intact, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Mon Enfant, Dvir Gallery, Tel Aviv, Israel Solo, Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France 2013: Le Vase abominable, David Zwirner, London, United Kingdom L’âge d’or, Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, Doha, Qatar. 2012: Je suis innocent, Centre Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?, David Zwirner, New York, USA Décor: Adel Abdessemed, Musée Unterlinden, Colmar, France. 2011: NU, Dvir Gallery, Tel-Aviv, Israel 2010: Silent Warriors, Parasol Unit foundation for contemporary art, London, United Kingdom. 2009: Le ali di dio, Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Turin, Italy. RIO, David Zwirner, New York, USA 2008: Situation and Practice, MIT List Visual Arts Center, Cambridge, USA. Trust Me, The Common Guild, Glasgow, Scotland. Don't Trust Me, Walter and McBean Galleries, San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco, USA. Drawing for Human Park, Le Magasin - Centre national d'art contemporain de Grenoble, France. 2007: Dead or Alive, PS 1 Contemporary Art Center, Long Island City, New York, USA. 2006 : Practice Zero Tolerance, La Criée, centre d'art contemporain, Rennes et Fonds régional d'art contemporain d'Île-de-France-Le Plateau, Paris, France. 2004: Le Citron et le lait, Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland. Habibi, Fonds régional d'art contemporain Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France. 2003: Nuit, Galleria Laura Pecci, Milan, Italy Quarta Estacio Benifallet-Vassivière, Centre international d'art et du paysage de l'île de Vassivière, France 2002: Adel Abdessemed, Institute of Visual Arts, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA 2001: Adel Abdessemed, Galleria Laura Pecci, Milan, Italy Adel Abdessemed, Project Room, Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland Special collaboration 2015 : Retour à Berratham, Ballet Preljocaj, choreography and staging: Angelin Preljocaj, text: Laurent Mauvignier, scenography: Adel Abdessemed, Cour d'honneur du Palais des papes, Festival d'Avignon, France. Group shows 2018: Echigo Tsumari Triennale, Japan. 2017: Urban Glass Brooklyn, New York, USA. 15th Istanbul Biennial, Turkey. Oku-Noto Triennale, Suzu, Japan. Le Mois de la Photo, Montréal, Canada. Pallaksh Pallaksh (I don’t know just where I’m going), Dvir Gallery, Tel Aviv, Israel. The Restless Earth: Triennale de Milan, Nicola Trussardi Foundation, Milan, Italy. 2016: 30th Anniversary, Alfonso Artiaco Gallery, Naples, Italy. The End of the World, Centro Pecci, Prato, Italy. Miracle Marathon, Serpentine Galleries, Second Home, London, United Kingdom. : Dancing with Myself. Selbstporträt und Selbsterfindung. Werke aus der Sammlung Pinault. Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany. The New Human, Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. Cher(e)s ami(e)s. Nouvelle présentation des collections contemporaines. Hommage aux donateurs, Musée national d’art moderne – Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. Souviens-toi du temps présent, Centre d’art Le Lait, Albi, France. Money, Good and Evil: A Visual History of the Economy, Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden in collaboration with the Casino, Baden-Baden, Germany. Magie und Macht. Von fliegenden Teppichen und Drohnen, MARTa Herford, Germany. De Warhol à Basquiat. Les chefs d’oeuvre de la collection Lambert, Musée de Vence –Fondation Émile Hugues, Vence, France. Je Tu Il Elle, Dvir Gallery, Brussels, Belgium. Do It in Arabic, Sharjah Art Foundation's Bait Al Shamsi, United Arab Emirates. 2015: Retour sur l’abîme – L’art à l’épreuve du génocide, Musées de Belfort, France. Drawing: The Bottom Line, S.M.A.K. Museum of Contemporary Art, Gent, Belgium. PICASSO.MANIA, Grand Palais, Paris, France. Le Cambrioleur, Riga Art Space, Riga, Latvia. Patrice Chéreau / Un musée imaginaire, Collection Lambert, Avignon, France. 56th Venice Biennial. 2014: About Town, Ikon in partnership with Hippodrome Plus, Birmingham Hippodrome, Birmingham, United Kingdom. The Desire for Freedom, Art in Europe since 1945, MOCAK Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, Kraków, Poland. Narcisse, l'image dans l'onde, Fondation François Schneider, Wattwiller, France. Milch / Lait / Latte, Musée d'art du Valais, Sion, Switzerland. Made by... Feito por Brasileiros, Cidade Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil. Grandeur, Museum Beelden Aan Zee, The Hague, Holland. Utopian Days-Freedom, Total Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul, South Korea La disparition des lucioles, Collection Lambert, Prison Sainte-Anne, Avignon, France. Entre-Temps, l’artiste narrateur, Chengdu MOCA Museum of Contemporary Art, Chengdu, China. Myth / History: Yuz Collection of Contemporary Art, Yuz Museum, Shanghai, China. Ravaged, Art and Culture in Times of Con ict, Museum Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Lampedusa : Dessins d’Adel Abdessemed & Dessins anciens, Saint Honoré Art Consulting, Paris, France. Futbol: The Beautiful Game, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, USA. 2013: Prima Materia, François Pinault Foundation, Venice, Italy. 2012: La Triennale, Intense Proximité, Paris, France. Explosion! Painting as Action, Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. 2011: Seeing is Believing, KW Institute for Contemporary Art, Berlin, Germany. 2010: Triennale Aichi, Nagoya, Japan. 2009: 10th Havana Biennial, Cuba. Mapping the Studio; Artists from the François Pinault Foundation, Palazzo Grassi and Punta della Dogana, Venice, Italy. Transmission Interrupted, Modern Art Oxford, United Kingdom. 2008: Traces du sacré, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. 7th Gwangju Biennale. Airs de Paris, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. 52nd Venice Biennale, Italy. 2006: 27th São Paulo Biennial, Brazil. 2003: 49th Venice Biennale, Italy. 2001: Yokohama Triennale, Japan. 2000: Manifesta 3, Ljubljana, Slovienia. Collections Musée d'art moderne de la Ville de Paris, France Musée national d'art moderne Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France Fonds régional d'art contemporain, Champagne-Ardennes, Reims, France Collection Budi Tek, Shanghai, China Fondation François Pinault, Venice, Italy Musée d'art moderne et contemporain, Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography Catalogues Adel Abdessemed: Otchi Tchiornie / L’Antidote. Cat. Exp. Lyon, Musée d'Art Contemporain, 2018. Texts by Eric de Chassey, Denis Gielen, Donatien Grau, Mark Nash, Paul Ardenne, Kamel Daoud, Thierry Raspail, Michele Robecchi and Octavio Zaya. Adel Abdessemed: Conflit. Cat. Exp., Montréal, Musée des Beaux-Arts, 2017. Texts by Nathalie Bondil, Vincent Lavoie. Adel Abdessemed: Bristow, published by Hannah Barry, Donatien grau, Hans Ulrich Obrist, London, 2016 Adel Abdessemed : Works 1988-2015, Foreword by Pier Luigi Tazzi. Introduction by Schwed. Texts by Hans Belting, Giovanni Careri, Julia Kristeva, Tom McDonough, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Jacques Rancière, et al. Koenig Books, 2016 Adel Abdessemed Par, Paris, Manuella éditions, 2015. Texts by Hans Belting, Emanuele Coccia, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Julia Kristeva, Tom McDonough, Philippe-Alain Michaud, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Jacques Rancière, Shva Salhoov Adel Abdessemed. Jalousies – complicités avec Jean Nouvel, Paris, Éditions de l’Amateur / Collection Lambert, 2015. Correspondence between Jean Nouvel and Adel Abdessemed. Adel Abdessemed. From Here to Eternity, Venus Over Los Angeles, New York, 2015. Contributions by Francesco Bonami. Adel Abdessemed. Dessins, Paris, Éditions Dilecta, 2015. Précédé d’une correspondence avec Jean-Jacques Aillagon. Adel Abdessemed. Palace,, cat. exp., Malaga, CAC, 2015. Texts by Fernando Francés et Alberto Ruiz Samaniego. Adel Abdessemed. Solo,, cat. exp., Paris, Yvon Lambert, 2014. Letters from Hélène Cixous to Adel Abdessemed. Adel Abdessemed. Mon Enfant, cat. exp., Tel-Aviv, Dvir Gallery, 2014. Text by Shva Saloon. Adel Abdessemed. L’âge d’or, cat. exp., Doha, Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art / Silvana Editoriale, 2013. Texts by Abdellah Taïa, Pier Luigi Tazzi, Angela Mengoni, interview with Hans Ulrich Obrist. Adel Abdessemed Je suis innocent,, cat. exp., Paris, Centre Pompidou / Steidl, 2012. Foreword by Alfred Pacquement. Texts by Emmanuel Alloa, Patricia Falguières, Pamela M. Lee, Tom McDonough et Philippe-Alain Michaud. Alanna Heiss (dir.), Adel Abdessemed, Dead or Alive, PS1 MoMA, New York, 2008. Contributions by Alanna Heiss and Neville Wakefield. Francesco Bonami (dir.), Adel Abdessemed, Les ailes de dieu / Le ali di dio, Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Turin, 2009. Contributions by Francesco Bonami, Edi Muka, et Massimiliano Gioni. Jane Farver (dir.), Adel Abdessemed, Situation and Practice, MIT Press, 2009. Contributions by Jane Farver, Tom McDonough, and Noam Chomsky. Larys Frogier, Adel Abdessemed, Zürich, Switzerland, JRP Ringier, 2010 () Ziba Ardalan (dir.), Silent Warriors, Parasol Unit/König, London/Cologne, 2010. Contributions by Ziba Ardalan, Gilanne Tawadros and Guy Tortosa. Frédérique Goerig-Hergott (dir.), Décor, Éditions Xavier Barral, Paris, 2012. Contributions by François Pinault, Jean-Jacques Aillagon, Frédérique Goerig-Hergott, Eric de Chassey, and Giovanni Careri Philippe-Alain Michaud (dir.), Adel Abdessemed Je suis innocent, Steidl/Centre Pompidou, 2012. Contributions by Philippe-Alain Michaud, Emmanuel Alloa, Hou Hanru, Pamela M. Lee, Tom McDonough, et Patricia Falguières Pier Luigi Tazzi (dir.), L'âge d'or, Mathaf/Silvana, Doha/Milan, 2013 : book designed by M/M (Paris). Contributions by Abdellah Karroum, Pier Luigi Tazzi, Angela Mengoni, Abdellah Taïa, and an interview with Hans Ulrich Obrist Collaborations Hélène Cixous, Les Sans Arche d’Adel Abdessemed, Art et Artistes Galimard, Paris, 2018 Adel Abdessemed et Véronique Yersin, Charbon, édition Macula, Paris, 2017 Hélène Cixous, Correspondance avec le mur, Galilée, Paris, 2017 Adel Abdessemed et Adonis, La Peau du chaos. Correspondance, Actes Sud, Paris, 2015 Hélène Cixous, Corollaires d’un vœu, Abstracts et Brèves Chroniques du temps, Galilée, Paris, 2015 Adel Abdessemed et Hélène Cixous, Insurrection de la poussière, Galilée, Paris, 2013 Hélène Cixous, Ayaï. Le cri de la littérature. Accompagné d'Adel Abdessemed, Galilée, Paris, 2013 Adel Abdessemed et Adonis, Le Livre des AA, Yvon Lambert, Paris, 2014 See also Headbutt List of Algerian artists References External links Official website Algerian artists French conceptual artists 1971 births Living people People from Constantine, Algeria Chaoui people Algerian emigrants to France Algerian contemporary artists French contemporary artists French male artists

<mask> (born 1971) is an Algerian contemporary artist. He has worked in a variety of media, including animation, installation, performance, sculpture and video. Some of his work relates to the topic of violence in the world. Biography <mask> was born in Constantine, in eastern Algeria, to a Chaoui Berber family. He grew up in the area of the Aurès Mountains, and attended the in Batna. He then studied at the in Algiers. He left in 1994.Between 1994 and 1999, <mask> attended the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts in Lyon, in eastern central France. He then lived and worked in the Cité internationale des arts in Paris. In 2000–2001 he was a resident artist at P.S.1 in New York. After spending some time in Berlin, he returned in 2004 to Paris. He is also a French citizen. He met his wife in a bar in Lyon called L’Antidote in the mid-1990s, an episode represented in the small replica of the venue in a vitrine in the exhibition at MAC in Lyon. Work <mask> <mask> grew up in Algeria amid civil war tensions, and has been greatly affected by the media exposure of the Gulf War and its global impact.If the collapse of the machine and the first Big War at the beginning of the 20th Century contributed in no small part to the establishment of an art that was suddenly provoking and difficult to look at, the availability of images from the war front in the 1990s made the same process impossible. There is little point in trying to tackle brutality by denouncing it via a series of trite statements or graphic imagery. <mask> <mask> stated about his work «I think my work is actually positive. The world is violent – not me». <mask>'s life-size sculptural variations of iconic images, such as the nine-year-old Phan Thị Kim Phúc (nicknamed ‘the Napalm Girl’) running away naked from an explosion throughout the Vietnam War in 1972 or the French football player Zinedine Zidane headbutting Marco Materazzi during the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final (Headbutt) are only two examples of how the immediacy of such moments take on fresh meaning when solidified in a form designed to make them still and everlasting. And even in those moments when the relationship between subject and rendition is a bit more fluid, as for example with the combination of the Antonio Canova-inspired sculpture group Is Beautiful with the terracotta-made, hard working men depicted in Sham, the outcome doesn't seem to change. This is not a literal representation of reality, but rather a sublimation of iconic images to art that takes place.<mask> <mask> is known to have a special way to laugh. While studying art in Algeria, one of his professors defined it ‘The Devil’s Laugh’. 2012: Je suis innocent, Centre Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?, David Zwirner, New York, USA Décor: <mask> Abdessemed, Musée Unterlinden, Colmar, France. 2011: NU, Dvir Gallery, Tel-Aviv, Israel 2010: Silent Warriors, Parasol Unit foundation for contemporary art, London, United Kingdom. 2009: Le ali di dio, Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Turin, Italy. RIO, David Zwirner, New York, USA 2008: Situation and Practice, MIT List Visual Arts Center, Cambridge, USA. Trust Me, The Common Guild, Glasgow, Scotland.Don't Trust Me, Walter and McBean Galleries, San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco, USA. Drawing for Human Park, Le Magasin - Centre national d'art contemporain de Grenoble, France. 2007: Dead or Alive, PS 1 Contemporary Art Center, Long Island City, New York, USA. 2006 : Practice Zero Tolerance, La Criée, centre d'art contemporain, Rennes et Fonds régional d'art contemporain d'Île-de-France-Le Plateau, Paris, France. 2004: Le Citron et le lait, Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland. Habibi, Fonds régional d'art contemporain Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France. 2003: Nuit, Galleria Laura Pecci, Milan, Italy Quarta Estacio Benifallet-Vassivière, Centre international d'art et du paysage de l'île de Vassivière, France 2002: <mask> Abdessemed, Institute of Visual Arts, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA 2001: <mask> <mask>, Galleria Laura Pecci, Milan, Italy <mask> <mask>, Project Room, Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland Special collaboration 2015 : Retour à Berratham, Ballet Preljocaj, choreography and staging: Angelin Preljocaj, text: Laurent Mauvignier, scenography: <mask> <mask>, Cour d'honneur du Palais des papes, Festival d'Avignon, France.Group shows 2018: Echigo Tsumari Triennale, Japan. 2017: Urban Glass Brooklyn, New York, USA. 15th Istanbul Biennial, Turkey. Oku-Noto Triennale, Suzu, Japan. Le Mois de la Photo, Montréal, Canada. Pallaksh Pallaksh (I don’t know just where I’m going), Dvir Gallery, Tel Aviv, Israel. The Restless Earth: Triennale de Milan, Nicola Trussardi Foundation, Milan, Italy.2016: 30th Anniversary, Alfonso Artiaco Gallery, Naples, Italy. The End of the World, Centro Pecci, Prato, Italy. Miracle Marathon, Serpentine Galleries, Second Home, London, United Kingdom. : Dancing with Myself. Selbstporträt und Selbsterfindung. Werke aus der Sammlung Pinault. Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany.The New Human, Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. Cher(e)s ami(e)s. Nouvelle présentation des collections contemporaines. Hommage aux donateurs, Musée national d’art moderne – Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. Souviens-toi du temps présent, Centre d’art Le Lait, Albi, France. Money, Good and Evil: A Visual History of the Economy, Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden in collaboration with the Casino, Baden-Baden, Germany. Magie und Macht. Von fliegenden Teppichen und Drohnen, MARTa Herford, Germany.De Warhol à Basquiat. Les chefs d’oeuvre de la collection Lambert, Musée de Vence –Fondation Émile Hugues, Vence, France. Je Tu Il Elle, Dvir Gallery, Brussels, Belgium. Do It in Arabic, Sharjah Art Foundation's Bait Al Shamsi, United Arab Emirates. 2015: Retour sur l’abîme – L’art à l’épreuve du génocide, Musées de Belfort, France. Drawing: The Bottom Line, S.M.A.K. Museum of Contemporary Art, Gent, Belgium.PICASSO.MANIA, Grand Palais, Paris, France. Le Cambrioleur, Riga Art Space, Riga, Latvia. Patrice Chéreau / Un musée imaginaire, Collection Lambert, Avignon, France. 56th Venice Biennial. 2014: About Town, Ikon in partnership with Hippodrome Plus, Birmingham Hippodrome, Birmingham, United Kingdom. The Desire for Freedom, Art in Europe since 1945, MOCAK Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, Kraków, Poland. Narcisse, l'image dans l'onde, Fondation François Schneider, Wattwiller, France.Milch / Lait / Latte, Musée d'art du Valais, Sion, Switzerland. Made by... Feito por Brasileiros, Cidade Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil. Grandeur, Museum Beelden Aan Zee, The Hague, Holland. Utopian Days-Freedom, Total Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul, South Korea La disparition des lucioles, Collection Lambert, Prison Sainte-Anne, Avignon, France. Entre-Temps, l’artiste narrateur, Chengdu MOCA Museum of Contemporary Art, Chengdu, China. Myth / History: Yuz Collection of Contemporary Art, Yuz Museum, Shanghai, China. Ravaged, Art and Culture in Times of Con ict, Museum Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.Lampedusa : Dessins d’Adel Abdessemed & Dessins anciens, Saint Honoré Art Consulting, Paris, France. Futbol: The Beautiful Game, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, USA. 2013: Prima Materia, François Pinault Foundation, Venice, Italy. 2012: La Triennale, Intense Proximité, Paris, France. Explosion! Painting as Action, Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. 2011: Seeing is Believing, KW Institute for Contemporary Art, Berlin, Germany.2010: Triennale Aichi, Nagoya, Japan. 2009: 10th Havana Biennial, Cuba. Mapping the Studio; Artists from the François Pinault Foundation, Palazzo Grassi and Punta della Dogana, Venice, Italy. Transmission Interrupted, Modern Art Oxford, United Kingdom. 2008: Traces du sacré, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France. 7th Gwangju Biennale. Airs de Paris, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France.52nd Venice Biennale, Italy. 2006: 27th São Paulo Biennial, Brazil. 2003: 49th Venice Biennale, Italy. 2001: Yokohama Triennale, Japan. 2000: Manifesta 3, Ljubljana, Slovienia. Collections Musée d'art moderne de la Ville de Paris, France Musée national d'art moderne Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France Fonds régional d'art contemporain, Champagne-Ardennes, Reims, France Collection Budi Tek, Shanghai, China Fondation François Pinault, Venice, Italy Musée d'art moderne et contemporain, Geneva, Switzerland Bibliography Catalogues Adel Abdessemed: Otchi Tchiornie / L’Antidote. Cat.Exp. Lyon, Musée d'Art Contemporain, 2018. Texts by Eric de Chassey, Denis Gielen, Donatien Grau, Mark Nash, Paul Ardenne, Kamel Daoud, Thierry Raspail, Michele Robecchi and Octavio Zaya. Adel Abdessemed: Conflit. Cat. Exp., Montréal, Musée des Beaux-Arts, 2017. Texts by Nathalie Bondil, Vincent Lavoie.Adel Abdessemed: Bristow, published by Hannah Barry, Donatien grau, Hans Ulrich Obrist, London, 2016 Adel Abdessemed : Works 1988-2015, Foreword by Pier Luigi Tazzi. Introduction by Schwed. Texts by Hans Belting, Giovanni Careri, Julia Kristeva, Tom McDonough, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Jacques Rancière, et al. Koenig Books, 2016 Adel Abdessemed Par, Paris, Manuella éditions, 2015. Texts by Hans Belting, Emanuele Coccia, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Julia Kristeva, Tom McDonough, Philippe-Alain Michaud, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Jacques Rancière, Shva Salhoov <mask> Abdessemed. Jalousies – complicités avec Jean Nouvel, Paris, Éditions de l’Amateur / Collection Lambert, 2015. Correspondence between Jean Nouvel and <mask> Abdessemed.<mask> Abdessemed. From Here to Eternity, Venus Over Los Angeles, New York, 2015. Contributions by Francesco Bonami. <mask> Abdessemed. Dessins, Paris, Éditions Dilecta, 2015. Précédé d’une correspondence avec Jean-Jacques Aillagon. <mask> Abdessemed.Palace,, cat. exp., Malaga, CAC, 2015. Texts by Fernando Francés et Alberto Ruiz Samaniego. Adel Abdessemed. Solo,, cat. exp., Paris, Yvon Lambert, 2014. Letters from Hélène Cixous to <mask> Abdessemed. <mask> Abdessemed.Mon Enfant, cat. exp., Tel-Aviv, Dvir Gallery, 2014. Text by Shva Saloon. <mask> Abdessemed. L’âge d’or, cat. exp., Doha, Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art / Silvana Editoriale, 2013. Texts by Abdellah Taïa, Pier Luigi Tazzi, Angela Mengoni, interview with Hans Ulrich Obrist.<mask> Abdessemed Je suis innocent,, cat. exp., Paris, Centre Pompidou / Steidl, 2012. Foreword by Alfred Pacquement. Texts by Emmanuel Alloa, Patricia Falguières, Pamela M. Lee, Tom McDonough et Philippe-Alain Michaud. Alanna Heiss (dir. ), <mask> Abdessemed, Dead or Alive, PS1 MoMA, New York, 2008. Contributions by Alanna Heiss and Neville Wakefield.Francesco Bonami (dir. ), <mask> <mask>, Les ailes de dieu / Le ali di dio, Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Turin, 2009. Contributions by Francesco Bonami, Edi Muka, et Massimiliano Gioni. Jane Farver (dir. ), <mask> Abdessemed, Situation and Practice, MIT Press, 2009. Contributions by Jane Farver, Tom McDonough, and Noam Chomsky. Larys Frogier, <mask> <mask>, Zürich, Switzerland, JRP Ringier, 2010 () Ziba Ardalan (dir.), Silent Warriors, Parasol Unit/König, London/Cologne, 2010. Contributions by Ziba Ardalan, Gilanne Tawadros and Guy Tortosa. Frédérique Goerig-Hergott (dir. ), Décor, Éditions Xavier Barral, Paris, 2012. Contributions by François Pinault, Jean-Jacques Aillagon, Frédérique Goerig-Hergott, Eric de Chassey, and Giovanni Careri Philippe-Alain Michaud (dir. ), <mask> Abdessemed Je suis innocent, Steidl/Centre Pompidou, 2012. Contributions by Philippe-Alain Michaud, Emmanuel Alloa, Hou Hanru, Pamela M. Lee, Tom McDonough, et Patricia Falguières Pier Luigi Tazzi (dir.), L'âge d'or, Mathaf/Silvana, Doha/Milan, 2013 : book designed by M/M (Paris). Contributions by Abdellah Karroum, Pier Luigi Tazzi, Angela Mengoni, Abdellah Taïa, and an interview with Hans Ulrich Obrist Collaborations Hélène Cixous, Les Sans Arche d’<mask> <mask>, Art et Artistes Galimard, Paris, 2018 <mask> <mask> et Véronique Yersin, Charbon, édition Macula, Paris, 2017 Hélène Cixous, Correspondance avec le mur, Galilée, Paris, 2017 <mask> <mask> et Adonis, La Peau du chaos. Correspondance, Actes Sud, Paris, 2015 Hélène Cixous, Corollaires d’un vœu, Abstracts et Brèves Chroniques du temps, Galilée, Paris, 2015 <mask> <mask> et Hélène Cixous, Insurrection de la poussière, Galilée, Paris, 2013 Hélène Cixous, Ayaï. Le cri de la littérature. Accompagné d'Adel Abdessemed, Galilée, Paris, 2013 Adel Abdessemed et Adonis, Le Livre des AA, Yvon Lambert, Paris, 2014 See also Headbutt List of Algerian artists References External links Official website Algerian artists French conceptual artists 1971 births Living people People from Constantine, Algeria Chaoui people Algerian emigrants to France Algerian contemporary artists French contemporary artists French male artists

A contemporary artist is born in 1971 in Algeria. He has worked in a variety of media. He works on the topic of violence in the world. Born in Constantine in eastern Algeria, <mask> is a descendant of the Chaoui Berber family. He grew up in the Aurs Mountains and attended Batna. He studied in Algeria. He left in 1994.The cole nationale supérieure des beaux-arts in Lyon is in eastern central France. He worked at the Cité internationale des arts in Paris. He was an artist at P.S.1 in New York. He returned to Paris after spending time in Berlin. He is a French citizen. He met his wife in a bar in Lyon called L'Antidote in the mid 1990s, which was depicted in a small replica in the exhibition at the MAC in Lyon. The media exposure of the Gulf War and its global impact has greatly affected the work of the man, who grew up in Algeria amid civil war tensions.If the collapse of the machine and the first Big War at the beginning of the 20th Century contributed to the establishment of an art that was suddenly provoking and difficult to look at, the availability of images from the war front in the 1990s made the same process impossible. If you want to tackle brutality, you should not use a series of trite statements or graphic imagery. I think my work is positive. The world is violent. The Napalm Girl, a nine-year-old girl who ran away naked from an explosion during the Vietnam War, is one of the life-size sculptural variations of famous images. The outcome doesn't seem to change even when the relationship between subject and rendition is more fluid, like with the Antonio Canova-inspired sculpture group Is Beautiful with the terracotta-made, hard working men depicted in Sham. This is not a representation of reality, but rather a representation of art.He has a special way to laugh. One of his professors defined The Devil's Laugh while he was studying art in Algeria. 2012: Je suis innocent, Centre Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?, David Zwirner, New York, USA 2010: Silent Warriors, Parasol Unit foundation for contemporary art, London, United Kingdom. The Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo is located in Torino, Italy. The MIT List Visual Arts Center is in Cambridge, USA. The Common Guild is in Glasgow, Scotland.Walter and McBean Galleries is located at the San Francisco Art Institute. Le Magasin is a national d'art contemporain of France. PS 1 Contemporary Art Center is in Long Island City, New York. The centre d'art contemporain was Practice Zero Tolerance. The Museum d'art moderne et contemporain de Genve is in Switzerland. Champagne-Ardenne is located in Reims, France. The Centre international d'art et du paysage de l'le de Vassivire is in France.Group shows in Japan. New York, USA. The Istanbul Biennial is in Turkey. Suzu, Japan is home to the Oku-Noto Triennale. The photo was taken in Montréal, Canada. I don't know where I'm going, but Dvir Gallery is in Tel Aviv, Israel. The Triennale de Milan is in Milan, Italy.Alfonso Artiaco Gallery is in Naples, Italy. The End of the World is located in Prato, Italy. Second Home, London, United Kingdom, is home to the Miracle Marathon. Dancing with myself. Selbstportrt und Selbster findung. Werke aus der Sammlung Pinault. Museum Folkwang is in Essen, Germany.The New Human is at the Moderna Museet. Cher(e)s ami(e)s. The Centre Pompidou is in Paris, France. Centre d'art Le Lait, Albi, France. Money, Good and Evil is a visual history of the economy. Magie und Macht. Von fliegenden Teppichen und Drohnen, MARTA Herford, Germany.Warhol and Basquiat. The Musée de Vence is in Vence, France. The Dvir Gallery is in Brussels, Belgium. Do It in Arabic is a project by the Sharjah Art Foundation. L'art l'épreuve du génocide is located in Belfort, France. S.M.A.K. has a drawing called The Bottom Line. The Museum of Contemporary Art is in Belgium.The Grand Palais is in Paris, France. The Art Space of Riga is called Le Cambrioleur. Un musée imaginaire is located in Avignon, France. The Venice Biennial is a biennial event. The partnership between Hippodrome Plus and About Town is in the United Kingdom. The Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakw displays art from Europe since 1945. The Fondation Franois Schneider is located in Wattwiller, France.The Musée d'art du Valais is in Sion, Switzerland. Made in So Paulo, Brazil. The museum has a grandeur. The Total Museum of Contemporary Art is in South Korea. The artiste narrateur is at the MOCA Museum of Contemporary Art. The Yuz Collection of Contemporary Art is located in China. Art and Culture in Times of Con ict is located in Leuven, Belgium.Dessins d'Adel Abdessemed and Dessins anciens are located in Paris, France. The beautiful game is at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The Franois Pinault Foundation is located in Venice, Italy. The Triennale is located in Paris, France. There was an explosion! The Moderna Museet is in Stockholm, Sweden. The KW Institute for Contemporary Art is located in Berlin, Germany.The Triennale Aichi is in Nagoya, Japan. The 10th Havana Biennial is in Cuba. Artists from the Franois Pinault Foundation are in Venice, Italy. Modern Art Oxford is in the United Kingdom. Centre Pompidou is in Paris, France. The 7th Gwangju Biennale is taking place. Airs de Paris is located in Paris, France.The 52nd Venice Biennale is in Italy. The 27th So Paulo Biennial was held in Brazil. The 49th Venice Biennale was held in Italy. Yokohama Triennale, Japan was held in 2001. There was a Manifesta 3 in Ljubljana in 2000. The museum of moderne de la Ville de Paris is in Paris, France. A cat.Exp. The museum of art in Lyon. Texts by Mark Nash, Kamel Daoud and Octavio Zaya. The speaker is <mask> Abdessemed. A cat. The Musée des Beaux-Arts is in Montréal. The texts were written by Nathalie Bondil andVincent Lavoie.The book "Adel Abdessemed: Bristow" was published in London in 2016 and was written by Pier Luigi Tazzi. The introduction was written by Schwed. Texts by Hans Belting, Giovanni Careri, Julia Kristeva and others. The book is titled "Adel Abdessemed Par, Paris." Texts by Hans Belting, Emanuele Coccia, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Julia Kristeva, Tom McDonough, Philippe-Alain Michaud. ditions de l'Amateur is a collection of Jalousies. There are letters between Jean Nouvel and <mask> <mask>.A man named <mask> Abdessemed. Venus Over Los Angeles, New York, 2015. Contributions were made by Francesco Bonami. A man named <mask> Abdessemed. ditions Dilecta was published in Paris in 2015. Jean-Jacques Aillagon had correspondence with Précédé. A man named <mask> Abdessemed.The cat is in the palace. Malaga, CAC, 2015, exp. Texts by Fernando Francés. A man named <mask> Abdessemed. A cat. The letters from Hélne Cixous were written in Paris. A man named <mask> Abdessemed.The cat is called Mon Enfant. The Dvir Gallery is in Tel-Aviv. Text from Shva Saloon. A man named <mask> Abdessemed. L'ge d'or, cat. Silvana Editoriale wrote about the Arab Museum of Modern Art. Texts by Abdellah Taa and Pier Luigi Tazzi.Je suis innocent, cat. Steidl, 2012 exp., Paris, Centre Pompidou. Alfred Pacquement wrote the Foreword. Texts by Philippe-Alain Michaud. Alanna Heiss is a writer. Dead or Alive, PS1 MoMA, New York, 2008. Contributions were made by Alanna Heiss.Francesco Bonami is the director. Les ailes de dieu, Le ali di dio, was written by <mask> Abdessemed. Contributions by Massimiliano Gioni. Jane Farver is a writer. The Situation and Practice was published by MIT Press in 2009. Contributions were made by Jane Farver, Tom McDonough, and Noam Chomsky. Larys Frogier is from Zrich, Switzerland.Silent Warriors, Parasol Unit/Knig, London/Cologne, 2010. Contributions were made by Ziba Ardalan. Frédérique Goerig-Hergott. The ditions of Xavier Barral are in Paris. Contributions were made by Franois Pinault, Jean-Jacques Aillagon, Frédérique Goerig-Hergott, Eric de Chassey, and Giovanni Careri Philippe-Alain Michaud. Steidl/Centre Pompidou was the site of Je suis innocent. Contributions were made by Philippe-Alain Michaud, Hou Hanru, Pamela M. Lee, Tom McDonough, and Pier Luigi Tazzi.The book was designed by M/M. An interview with Abdellah Taa and contributions by Pier Luigi Tazzi and Abdellah Karroum. Correspondance, Actes Sud, Paris, 2015, Hélne Cixous. Le cri de la littérature. The Headbutt List of Algerian artists can be found on the Official website.

729757

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%20Forte

Allen Forte

Allen Forte (December 23, 1926 – October 16, 2014) was an American music theorist and musicologist. He was Battell Professor Emeritus of the Theory of Music at Yale University and specialized in 20th-century atonal music and music analysis. Early life and education Forte was born in Portland, Oregon. At the age of ten he appeared "on a [local] radio show as a solo pianist among a bevy of similarly youthful performers," where he played the music of Cole Porter and others. He was in the US Navy and served in the Pacific Theatre toward the end of World War II. Afterwards, he relocated to New York City to study music at Columbia University where he received his bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. There, he studied composition with Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky, although his main interests were forming around music theory and analysis. Academic career In the late 1950s, Forte taught music at various New York institutions: Columbia University Teachers College, Manhattan School of Music, and Mannes College of Music. In fall 1959 he began his long-term appointment at Yale, where he eventually became the Battell Professor of Music (retiring in 2003). He was influential there as both scholar and teacher, and in the latter capacity served as advisor to seventy-two Ph.D. dissertations completed between 1968 and 2002. (Yale did not offer a Ph.D. in theory for the first several years Forte was there.) A list of all his advisees and their dissertation titles appears in David Carson Berry, "The Twin Legacies of a Scholar-Teacher: The Publications and Dissertation Advisees of Allen Forte," Gamut 2/1 (2009), 197-222. The list is ordered chronologically by submission, and each advisee is given an "FA" number to denote his or her ordering among the advisees. ("FA" stands for “Forte Advisee,” and is also a retrograde of Allen Forte's initials.) Forte's notable students include Jeffrey Brooks. Publications Forte is well known for his book The Structure of Atonal Music (1973), which traces many of its roots to an article of a decade earlier: "A Theory of Set-Complexes for Music" (1964). In these works, he "applied set-theoretic principles to the analysis of unordered collections of pitch classes, called pitch-class sets (pc sets). [...] The basic goal of Forte's theory was to define the various relationships that existed among the relevant sets of a work, so that contextual coherence could be demonstrated." Although the methodology derived from Forte’s work "has had its detractors ... textbooks on post-tonal analysis now routinely teach it (to varying degrees)." Forte published analyses of the works of Webern and Berg and wrote about Schenkerian analysis and music of the Great American Songbook. A complete, annotated bibliography of his publications appears in the previously cited article, Berry, "The Twin Legacies of a Scholar-Teacher." Excluding items for which Forte was only an editor, it lists ten books, sixty-three articles, and thirty-six other types publications, from 1955 through early 2009. Forte was also the editor of the Journal of Music Theory during an important period in its development, from volume 4/2 (1960) through 11/1 (1967). His involvement with the journal, including many biographical details, is addressed in David Carson Berry, "Journal of Music Theory under Allen Forte's Editorship," Journal of Music Theory 50/1 (2006): 7-23. Honors and awards He has been honored by two Festschriften (homage volumes). The first, in commemoration of his seventieth birthday, was published in 1997 and edited by his former students James M. Baker, David W. Beach, and Jonathan W. Bernard (FA12, FA6, and FA11, according to Berry's list). It was titled Music Theory in Concept and Practice (a title derived from Forte's 1962 undergraduate textbook, Tonal Harmony in Concept and Practice). The second was serialized in five installments of Gamut: The Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic, between 2009 and 2013. It was edited by Forte's former student David Carson Berry (FA72) and was titled A Music-Theoretical Matrix: Essays in Honor of Allen Forte (a title derived from Forte's 1961 monograph, A Compositional Matrix). It included twenty-two articles by Forte's former doctoral advisees, and three special features: a previously unpublished article by Forte, on Gershwin songs; a collection of tributes and reminiscences from forty-two of his former advisees; and an annotated register of his publications and advisees. Personal life Forte was married to the French-born pianist Madeleine (Hsu) Forte, emerita professor of piano at Boise State University. Bibliography (Books and seminal articles) (1955) Contemporary Tone-Structures. New York: Bureau of Publications, Columbia Univ. Teachers College. (1959) “Schenker's Conception of Musical Structure,” Journal of Music Theory, iii, 1–30. (1961) The Compositional Matrix. Baldwin, NY: Music Teachers National Assoc. (1962) Tonal Harmony in Concept and Practice (3rd ed., 1979). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. (1967) SNOBOL3 Primer: An Introduction to the Computer Programming Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (1970) Musicology and the computer : musicology 1966-2000: a practical program : three symposia American Musicological Society, Greater New York Chapter 1965-1966 (with Barry S Brook) New York: City Univ. of New York Press. (1973) The Structure of Atonal Music. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. (1978) The Harmonic Organization of The Rite of Spring. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. (1978) “Schoenberg's Creative Evolution: the Path to Atonality,” The Musical Quarterly, lxiv, 133–76. (1980) “Generative Chromaticism in Mozart's Music,” The Musical Quarterly, lxvi, 459–83. (1982) Introduction to Schenkerian Analysis (with Steven E. Gilbert). New York: W. W. Norton. (1984) “Middleground Motives in the Adagietto of Mahler's Fifth Symphony,” 19th-Century Music, viii, 153–63. (1985) “Tonality, Symbol, and Structural Levels in Berg's Wozzeck,” The Musical Quarterly, lxxi, 474–99. (1987) “Liszt's Experimental Music and Music of the Early Twentieth Century,” 19th-Century Music, x, 209–28; repr. as “Liszt's Experimental Idiom and Twentieth-Century Music,” Music at the Turn of the Century, ed. J. Kerman (Berkeley, 1990), 93–114. (1988) “New Approaches to the Linear Analysis of Music,” Journal of the American Musicological Society, xli, 315–48. (1988) “Pitch-Class Set Genera and the Origin of Modern Harmonic Species,” Journal of Music Theory, xxxii, 187–270. (1990) “Musorgsky as Modernist: the Phantasmic Episode from Boris Godunov,” Music Analysis, ix, 1–42. (1991) “Debussy and the Octatonic,” Music Analysis, x, 125–69. (1991) “The Mask of Tonality: Alban Berg's Symphonic Epilogue to Wozzeck,” Alban Berg: Analytical and Historical Perspectives, ed. D. Gable and R.P. Morgan, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 151–200. (1992) “Concepts of Linearity in Schoenberg's Atonal Music: a Study of the Opus 15 Song Cycle,” Journal of Music Theory, xxxvi, 285–382. (1993) “Foreground Rhythm in Early Twentieth-Century Music,” Early Twentieth-Century Music, ed. J. Dunsby Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 132–47. (1995) The American Popular Ballad of the Golden Era: 1924-1950. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. (1996) “The Golden Thread: Octatonic Music in Webern's Early Songs,” Webern Studies, ed. K. Bailey, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 74–110. (1998) The Atonal Music of Anton Webern. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. (2001) Listening to Classic American Popular Songs. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. (2009) "Schoenberg as Webern: The Three Pieces for Chamber Orchestra: III (1910)," Schoenberg's Chamber Music, Schoenberg's World , ed. James K. Wright and Alan Gillmor, Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press, 55-64. See also Forte number References External links Allen Forte's website The Allen Forte Treatise Collection at the Warren D. Allen Music Library at Florida State University Allen Forte Electronic Archive (AFEA): Unpublished papers, notes, sketches, and video clips available for viewing and download through the Center for Schenkerian Studies at the University of North Texas. American music theorists Columbia University faculty Yale University faculty Yale Sterling Professors 1926 births 2014 deaths Columbia University alumni United States Navy personnel of World War II

<mask> (December 23, 1926 – October 16, 2014) was an American music theorist and musicologist. He was Battell Professor Emeritus of the Theory of Music at Yale University and specialized in 20th-century atonal music and music analysis. Early life and education <mask> was born in Portland, Oregon. At the age of ten he appeared "on a [local] radio show as a solo pianist among a bevy of similarly youthful performers," where he played the music of Cole Porter and others. He was in the US Navy and served in the Pacific Theatre toward the end of World War II. Afterwards, he relocated to New York City to study music at Columbia University where he received his bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. There, he studied composition with Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky, although his main interests were forming around music theory and analysis.Academic career In the late 1950s, Forte taught music at various New York institutions: Columbia University Teachers College, Manhattan School of Music, and Mannes College of Music. In fall 1959 he began his long-term appointment at Yale, where he eventually became the Battell Professor of Music (retiring in 2003). He was influential there as both scholar and teacher, and in the latter capacity served as advisor to seventy-two Ph.D. dissertations completed between 1968 and 2002. (Yale did not offer a Ph.D. in theory for the first several years Forte was there.) A list of all his advisees and their dissertation titles appears in David Carson Berry, "The Twin Legacies of a Scholar-Teacher: The Publications and Dissertation Advisees of <mask>," Gamut 2/1 (2009), 197-222. The list is ordered chronologically by submission, and each advisee is given an "FA" number to denote his or her ordering among the advisees. ("FA" stands for “Forte Advisee,” and is also a retrograde of <mask>'s initials.)<mask>'s notable students include Jeffrey Brooks. Publications <mask> is well known for his book The Structure of Atonal Music (1973), which traces many of its roots to an article of a decade earlier: "A Theory of Set-Complexes for Music" (1964). In these works, he "applied set-theoretic principles to the analysis of unordered collections of pitch classes, called pitch-class sets (pc sets). [...] The basic goal of <mask>'s theory was to define the various relationships that existed among the relevant sets of a work, so that contextual coherence could be demonstrated." Although the methodology derived from <mask>’s work "has had its detractors ... textbooks on post-tonal analysis now routinely teach it (to varying degrees)." Forte published analyses of the works of Webern and Berg and wrote about Schenkerian analysis and music of the Great American Songbook. A complete, annotated bibliography of his publications appears in the previously cited article, Berry, "The Twin Legacies of a Scholar-Teacher."Excluding items for which <mask> was only an editor, it lists ten books, sixty-three articles, and thirty-six other types publications, from 1955 through early 2009. <mask> was also the editor of the Journal of Music Theory during an important period in its development, from volume 4/2 (1960) through 11/1 (1967). His involvement with the journal, including many biographical details, is addressed in David Carson Berry, "Journal of Music Theory under <mask>'s Editorship," Journal of Music Theory 50/1 (2006): 7-23. Honors and awards He has been honored by two Festschriften (homage volumes). The first, in commemoration of his seventieth birthday, was published in 1997 and edited by his former students James M. Baker, David W. Beach, and Jonathan W. Bernard (FA12, FA6, and FA11, according to Berry's list). It was titled Music Theory in Concept and Practice (a title derived from <mask>'s 1962 undergraduate textbook, Tonal Harmony in Concept and Practice). The second was serialized in five installments of Gamut: The Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic, between 2009 and 2013.It was edited by <mask>'s former student David Carson Berry (FA72) and was titled A Music-Theoretical Matrix: Essays in Honor of <mask> (a title derived from <mask>'s 1961 monograph, A Compositional Matrix). It included twenty-two articles by <mask>'s former doctoral advisees, and three special features: a previously unpublished article by Forte, on Gershwin songs; a collection of tributes and reminiscences from forty-two of his former advisees; and an annotated register of his publications and advisees. Personal life <mask> was married to the French-born pianist Madeleine (Hsu<mask>, emerita professor of piano at Boise State University. Bibliography (Books and seminal articles) (1955) Contemporary Tone-Structures. New York: Bureau of Publications, Columbia Univ. Teachers College. (1959) “Schenker's Conception of Musical Structure,” Journal of Music Theory, iii, 1–30.(1961) The Compositional Matrix. Baldwin, NY: Music Teachers National Assoc. (1962) Tonal Harmony in Concept and Practice (3rd ed., 1979). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. (1967) SNOBOL3 Primer: An Introduction to the Computer Programming Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (1970) Musicology and the computer : musicology 1966-2000: a practical program : three symposia American Musicological Society, Greater New York Chapter 1965-1966 (with Barry S Brook) New York: City Univ.of New York Press. (1973) The Structure of Atonal Music. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. (1978) The Harmonic Organization of The Rite of Spring. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.(1978) “Schoenberg's Creative Evolution: the Path to Atonality,” The Musical Quarterly, lxiv, 133–76. (1980) “Generative Chromaticism in Mozart's Music,” The Musical Quarterly, lxvi, 459–83. (1982) Introduction to Schenkerian Analysis (with Steven E. Gilbert). New York: W. W. Norton. (1984) “Middleground Motives in the Adagietto of Mahler's Fifth Symphony,” 19th-Century Music, viii, 153–63. (1985) “Tonality, Symbol, and Structural Levels in Berg's Wozzeck,” The Musical Quarterly, lxxi, 474–99. (1987) “Liszt's Experimental Music and Music of the Early Twentieth Century,” 19th-Century Music, x, 209–28; repr.as “Liszt's Experimental Idiom and Twentieth-Century Music,” Music at the Turn of the Century, ed. J. Kerman (Berkeley, 1990), 93–114. (1988) “New Approaches to the Linear Analysis of Music,” Journal of the American Musicological Society, xli, 315–48. (1988) “Pitch-Class Set Genera and the Origin of Modern Harmonic Species,” Journal of Music Theory, xxxii, 187–270. (1990) “Musorgsky as Modernist: the Phantasmic Episode from Boris Godunov,” Music Analysis, ix, 1–42. (1991) “Debussy and the Octatonic,” Music Analysis, x, 125–69. (1991) “The Mask of Tonality: Alban Berg's Symphonic Epilogue to Wozzeck,” Alban Berg: Analytical and Historical Perspectives, ed.D. Gable and R.P. Morgan, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 151–200. (1992) “Concepts of Linearity in Schoenberg's Atonal Music: a Study of the Opus 15 Song Cycle,” Journal of Music Theory, xxxvi, 285–382. (1993) “Foreground Rhythm in Early Twentieth-Century Music,” Early Twentieth-Century Music, ed. J. Dunsby Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 132–47.(1995) The American Popular Ballad of the Golden Era: 1924-1950. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. (1996) “The Golden Thread: Octatonic Music in Webern's Early Songs,” Webern Studies, ed. K. Bailey, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 74–110. (1998) The Atonal Music of Anton Webern.New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. (2001) Listening to Classic American Popular Songs. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. (2009) "Schoenberg as Webern: The Three Pieces for Chamber Orchestra: III (1910)," Schoenberg's Chamber Music, Schoenberg's World , ed. James K. Wright and Alan Gillmor, Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press, 55-64.See also Forte number References External links <mask>'s website The Allen Forte Treatise Collection at the Warren D. Allen Music Library at Florida State University Allen Forte Electronic Archive (AFEA): Unpublished papers, notes, sketches, and video clips available for viewing and download through the Center for Schenkerian Studies at the University of North Texas. American music theorists Columbia University faculty Yale University faculty Yale Sterling Professors 1926 births 2014 deaths Columbia University alumni United States Navy personnel of World War II

He was an American music theorist and musicologist. He was the Battell Professor of the Theory of Music at Yale University and specialized in 20th-century atonal music and music analysis. <mask> was born in Portland, Oregon. He played the music of Cole Porter and others on a local radio show at the age of ten. He served in the Pacific Theatre during World War II. He received his bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees after moving to New York City to study music at Columbia University. His main interests were around music theory and analysis, but he studied composition with Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky.In the late 1950s, <mask> taught music at a number of New York institutions, including Columbia University Teachers College, Manhattan School of Music, and Mannes College of Music. He began his long-term appointment at Yale in 1959 and became the Battell Professor of Music in 2003 Between 1968 and 2002 he served as an advisor to seventy-two doctorate degrees. For the first several years,Yale did not offer a PhD. "The Twin Legacies of a Scholar-Teacher: The Publications and Advisees of <mask>" was written by David Carson Berry. Each advisee is given an "FA" number to indicate his or her ordering among the advisees, as the list is ordered chronologically by submission. "FA" stands for "Forte Advisee" and is a retrograde of <mask>'s initials.Jeffrey Brooks is one of the notable students. "A Theory of Set-Complexes for Music" was written a decade before "The Structure of Atonal Music". He applied set-theoretic principles to the analysis of unordered collections of pitch classes. The basic goal of <mask>'s theory was to define the various relationships that existed among the relevant sets of work so that contextual coherence could be demonstrated. Although the methodology derived from <mask>'s work has had its detractors, textbooks on post-tonal analysis now routinely teach it. The analyses of the works of Webern and Berg were published by <mask>. Berry, "The Twin Legacies of a Scholar-Teacher" has a complete, annotated bibliography of his publications.There are ten books, sixty-three articles, and thirty-six other types publications from 1955 through early 2009. The Journal of Music Theory was edited by <mask> during an important period in its development. His involvement with the journal, including many biographical details, is addressed in David Berry's book. He has received honors and awards. The first, in commemoration of his seventieth birthday, was published in 1997 and edited by his former students James M. Baker, David W. Beach, and Jonathan W. Bernard. Music Theory in Concept and Practice is a title derived from a 1962 undergraduate textbook. The second was part of five installments of Gamut: The Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic.A Music-Theoretical Matrix: Essays in Honor of <mask> was edited by David Berry, a former student of <mask>'s. An annotated register of his publications and advisees, a previously unpublished article on Gershwin songs, and a collection of tributes and reminiscences from forty-two of his former advisees were included in the book. Madeleine (Hsu) <mask> is the emerita professor of piano at Idaho State University. Books and seminal articles are included in the contemporary tone-structures. Columbia University's Bureau of Publications is in New York. The college is for teachers. The Journal of Music Theory published "Schenker's conception of musical structure".The compositional matrix was written in 1961. Music Teachers National Association is located in Baldwin, NY. The 3rd ed., 1979 on Tonal Harmony in Concept and Practice, was published in 1962. Holt and Rinehart are in New York. SNOBOL3 Primer is an introduction to the computer programming language. MIT Press is in Cambridge, MA. The American Musicological Society, Greater New York Chapter 1965, 1966 and 2000 have a practical program on musicology and the computer.The New York Press. The structure of atonal music was written in 1973. New Haven is home to Yale University. Press. The organization of the spring. New Haven is home to Yale University. Press.The Musical Quarterly published "Schoenberg's Creative Evolution: the Path to Atonality" in 1978. The Musical Quarterly, lxvi,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Steven E. Gilbert was 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 W. W.Norton is in New York. The Motives in the Adagietto of Mahler's Fifth Symphony were written in 1984. The Musical Quarterly published "Tonality, Symbol, and Structural Levels in Berg's wozzeck". Liszt's Experimental Music and Music of the Early Twentieth Century was published in 1987.Music at the Turn of the Century is about Liszt's Experimental Idiom and Twentieth-Century Music. J. Kerman was from Berkeley in 1990. New Approaches to the Linear Analysis of Music was published in the Journal of the American Musicological Society. The Journal of Music Theory coveredPitch-Class Set Genera and the Origin of Modern Harmonic Species. Musorgsky as Modernist: the Phantasmic Episode from Boris Godunov was published in 1990. Music Analysis, x, 125–69, "Debussy and the Octatonic." Alban Berg: Analytical and Historical Perspectives, ed., was published in 1991.D. Gable and R.P. Morgan is from Oxford Univ. Press, 200. The Journal of Music Theory published a study on Linearity in Schoenberg's Atonal Music. The Early Twentieth-Century Music, ed. was titled "Foreground Rhythm in Early Twentieth-Century Music." J. Dunsby is from Oxford Univ. Press, 132–47.The American Popular Ballad of the Golden Era was written in 1995. The University of Princeton. Press. The Golden Thread: Octatonic Music in Webern's Early Songs was published in 1996. K. Bailey is from Cambridge Univ. Press, 7–10. The Atonal Music of Anton Webern was written in 1998.New Haven is home to Yale University. Press. There are classic American popular songs that you can listen to. New Haven is home to Yale University. Press. "Schoenberg as Webern: The Three Pieces for Chamber Orchestra: III (1910)" was published in 2009. James K. Wright and Alan Gillmor wrote a book.The Allen Forte Electronic Archive (AFEA): Unpublished papers, notes, sketches, and video clips are available for viewing and download. Columbia University alumni have died in World War II.

24123930

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Thole

Josh Thole

Joshua Michael Thole (pronounced toll-EE) (born October 28, 1986) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets and Toronto Blue Jays. Early years Thole grew up in Breese, Illinois, and attended Mater Dei High School. In November 2004, he signed a letter of intent to play college baseball in NCAA Division II for Quincy University in Quincy, Illinois. Professional career Minor leagues Thole was drafted by the New York Mets in the 13th round of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft. He was assigned to the Gulf Coast League Mets, where he played in 35 games and hit .269 with one home run and 12 runs batted in (RBI). He played the entire 2006 minor league season with the Rookie-Advanced Kingsport Mets, appearing in 36 games and batting .235 with one home run and 12 RBI. Thole was assigned to the Class-A Savannah Sand Gnats in 2007, and played in a career-high 117 games. While he did not hit a home run that season, he hit .267 with 36 RBI and walked more than he struck out, with 61 and 57 respectively. Thole was promoted to the Advanced-A St. Lucie Mets in 2008, where he was a mid-season and postseason All-Star. In 111 games that year, he would hit .300 with five home runs and 56 RBI. In the offseason, Thole played in 19 games for the Peoria Saguaros of the Arizona Fall League, where he was named a Rising Star, batting .319 with two home runs and 17 RBI. He was assigned to the Double-A Binghamton Mets to open the 2009 season, and hit .328 with one home run and 46 RBI in 103 games. He was named a mid-season All-Star for the second consecutive season, and established himself as a solid singles hitter. New York Mets After viewing Thole in the 2009 spring training, Mets pitching coach Dan Warthen "gushed" about Thole's catcher skills. In 2009, Thole stated, "My throwing is still coming along." On August 31, 2009, Thole was called up to the major leagues. In his first major league at-bat, he singled to record his first major league hit. Thole would play 17 games for the Mets in 2009, batting .321 with 9 RBI. During the offseason, Thole played in 44 games for the Leones del Caracas of the Venezuelan Winter League, and hit .381 with three home runs and 28 RBI. After spending much of the 2010 season in Triple-A Buffalo, Thole was called up to the Mets in June. On July 20, 2010, Thole hit his first major league home run, a solo homer, off of Barry Enright in a game against the Arizona Diamondbacks at Chase Field. On October 1, 2010, he hit a walk-off home run off Tyler Clippard to give the Mets a 2-1 win. Thole spent the entire season with the New York Mets as a catcher. He hit .268, drove in 40 runs and hit three home runs over 340 at bats. Thole broke camp with the Mets as their starting catcher. On May 9, 2012, Thole was placed on the seven-day disabled list after suffering a concussion in a plate collision with Phillies first baseman Ty Wigginton on May 7. On June 1, 2012, Thole was reactivated and caught Johan Santana's no-hitter, the first in franchise history. Toronto Blue Jays On December 17, 2012, the Mets traded Thole, R. A. Dickey, and Mike Nickeas to the Toronto Blue Jays for Travis d'Arnaud, Noah Syndergaard, John Buck, and Wuilmer Becerra. On January 18, 2013, the Blue Jays announced that arbitration with Thole had been avoided by signing him to a two-year contract worth $2.5 million, with a club option for the 2015 season at $1.75 million. On March 24, Thole was reassigned to minor league camp and started the season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. He was recalled by the Blue Jays on June 7 when Henry Blanco was designated for assignment. Thole made his Blue Jays debut in the 16th inning of an 18 inning win against the Texas Rangers on June 8, going 0-2 at the plate. He finished the 2013 season batting just .175 with 1 home run and 8 RBI in 45 games. Thole began the 2014 season in Toronto, as R. A. Dickey's personal catcher. He improved upon his results from 2013, finishing 2014 with a batting average of .252 with 7 RBI in 56 games played. On November 1, the Blue Jays picked up Thole's $1.75 million option for the 2015 season. After the signing of Russell Martin in the offseason, the Blue Jays entered 2015 spring training with 3 catchers on their roster. Martin began catching R. A. Dickey early in camp, and supplanted Thole as his personal catcher. On March 31, Thole was assigned to Triple-A Buffalo. On April 23, Thole was recalled to the Blue Jays when Dioner Navarro was placed on the disabled list. He was optioned back to Buffalo on June 2. On August 23, Thole was recalled from Buffalo. He played in 18 games in 2015, and batted .204 with two RBI. On December 2, 2015, Thole was non-tendered by the Blue Jays, making him a free agent. He signed a one-year, $800,000 contract with the Blue Jays on December 4. Thole made the Opening Day roster for 2016, once again serving as R. A. Dickey's personal catcher. He hit his first home run of the season on April 5, in the Blue Jays 5–3 win over the Tampa Bay Rays. After the Blue Jays reacquired Dioner Navarro from the Chicago White Sox on August 26, Thole's role with the team was brought into question. After catching Dickey's start on August 28, Thole was designated for assignment by Toronto, who hoped that he would go unclaimed off waivers and be released, and could be re-signed on September 1 after the Major League roster expansion. Thole elected free agency on August 30, and signed with the Blue Jays on August 31; thus maintaining his postseason eligibility. Thole played in 50 games for the Blue Jays in 2016, hitting .169 with one home run and seven RBI. On November 18, Thole cleared outright waivers and elected free agency. Later career On January 23, 2017, Thole signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He suffered a torn hamstring in a spring training game against the Chicago Cubs on March 8. On March 18, Diamondbacks manager Torey Lovullo stated that Thole would likely require surgery and miss the entire 2017 season. On January 11, 2018, Thole resigned a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He was released on March 18, 2018. On May 29, 2018, Thole signed with the New Britain Bees of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. On June 21, 2018, Thole's contract was purchased by the Detroit Tigers. He elected free agency on November 2, 2018. On January 16, 2019, Thole signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. On July 12, 2019, Thole and Adam McCreery were traded to the Los Angeles Angels for cash considerations. He became a free agent following the 2019 season. On January 30, 2020, Thole signed a minor league deal with the New York Yankees. He became a free agent on November 2, 2020. References External links 1986 births Living people People from Breese, Illinois Baseball players from Illinois American expatriate baseball players in Canada Major League Baseball catchers New York Mets players Toronto Blue Jays players Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Gulf Coast Mets players Kingsport Mets players Savannah Sand Gnats players St. Lucie Mets players Binghamton Mets players Leones del Caracas players American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela New Britain Bees players Erie SeaWolves players Tulsa Drillers players Oklahoma City Dodgers players Salt Lake Bees players Peoria Saguaros players

<mask> (pronounced toll-EE) (born October 28, 1986) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets and Toronto Blue Jays. Early years <mask> grew up in Breese, Illinois, and attended Mater Dei High School. In November 2004, he signed a letter of intent to play college baseball in NCAA Division II for Quincy University in Quincy, Illinois. Professional career Minor leagues <mask> was drafted by the New York Mets in the 13th round of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft. He was assigned to the Gulf Coast League Mets, where he played in 35 games and hit .269 with one home run and 12 runs batted in (RBI). He played the entire 2006 minor league season with the Rookie-Advanced Kingsport Mets, appearing in 36 games and batting .235 with one home run and 12 RBI. <mask> was assigned to the Class-A Savannah Sand Gnats in 2007, and played in a career-high 117 games.While he did not hit a home run that season, he hit .267 with 36 RBI and walked more than he struck out, with 61 and 57 respectively. <mask> was promoted to the Advanced-A St. Lucie Mets in 2008, where he was a mid-season and postseason All-Star. In 111 games that year, he would hit .300 with five home runs and 56 RBI. In the offseason, <mask> played in 19 games for the Peoria Saguaros of the Arizona Fall League, where he was named a Rising Star, batting .319 with two home runs and 17 RBI. He was assigned to the Double-A Binghamton Mets to open the 2009 season, and hit .328 with one home run and 46 RBI in 103 games. He was named a mid-season All-Star for the second consecutive season, and established himself as a solid singles hitter. New York Mets After viewing <mask> in the 2009 spring training, Mets pitching coach Dan Warthen "gushed" about <mask>'s catcher skills.In 2009, <mask> stated, "My throwing is still coming along." On August 31, 2009, <mask> was called up to the major leagues. In his first major league at-bat, he singled to record his first major league hit. <mask> would play 17 games for the Mets in 2009, batting .321 with 9 RBI. During the offseason, <mask> played in 44 games for the Leones del Caracas of the Venezuelan Winter League, and hit .381 with three home runs and 28 RBI. After spending much of the 2010 season in Triple-A Buffalo, <mask> was called up to the Mets in June. On July 20, 2010, <mask> hit his first major league home run, a solo homer, off of Barry Enright in a game against the Arizona Diamondbacks at Chase Field.On October 1, 2010, he hit a walk-off home run off Tyler Clippard to give the Mets a 2-1 win. <mask> spent the entire season with the New York Mets as a catcher. He hit .268, drove in 40 runs and hit three home runs over 340 at bats. <mask> broke camp with the Mets as their starting catcher. On May 9, 2012, <mask> was placed on the seven-day disabled list after suffering a concussion in a plate collision with Phillies first baseman Ty Wigginton on May 7. On June 1, 2012, <mask> was reactivated and caught Johan Santana's no-hitter, the first in franchise history. Toronto Blue Jays On December 17, 2012, the Mets traded <mask>, R. A. Dickey, and Mike Nickeas to the Toronto Blue Jays for Travis d'Arnaud, Noah Syndergaard, John Buck, and Wuilmer Becerra.On January 18, 2013, the Blue Jays announced that arbitration with <mask> had been avoided by signing him to a two-year contract worth $2.5 million, with a club option for the 2015 season at $1.75 million. On March 24, <mask> was reassigned to minor league camp and started the season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. He was recalled by the Blue Jays on June 7 when Henry Blanco was designated for assignment. <mask> made his Blue Jays debut in the 16th inning of an 18 inning win against the Texas Rangers on June 8, going 0-2 at the plate. He finished the 2013 season batting just .175 with 1 home run and 8 RBI in 45 games. <mask> began the 2014 season in Toronto, as R. A. Dickey's personal catcher. He improved upon his results from 2013, finishing 2014 with a batting average of .252 with 7 RBI in 56 games played.On November 1, the Blue Jays picked up <mask>'s $1.75 million option for the 2015 season. After the signing of Russell Martin in the offseason, the Blue Jays entered 2015 spring training with 3 catchers on their roster. Martin began catching R. A. Dickey early in camp, and supplanted <mask> as his personal catcher. On March 31, <mask> was assigned to Triple-A Buffalo. On April 23, <mask> was recalled to the Blue Jays when Dioner Navarro was placed on the disabled list. He was optioned back to Buffalo on June 2. On August 23, <mask> was recalled from Buffalo.He played in 18 games in 2015, and batted .204 with two RBI. On December 2, 2015, <mask> was non-tendered by the Blue Jays, making him a free agent. He signed a one-year, $800,000 contract with the Blue Jays on December 4. <mask> made the Opening Day roster for 2016, once again serving as R. A. Dickey's personal catcher. He hit his first home run of the season on April 5, in the Blue Jays 5–3 win over the Tampa Bay Rays. After the Blue Jays reacquired Dioner Navarro from the Chicago White Sox on August 26, <mask>'s role with the team was brought into question. After catching Dickey's start on August 28, <mask> was designated for assignment by Toronto, who hoped that he would go unclaimed off waivers and be released, and could be re-signed on September 1 after the Major League roster expansion.<mask> elected free agency on August 30, and signed with the Blue Jays on August 31; thus maintaining his postseason eligibility. <mask> played in 50 games for the Blue Jays in 2016, hitting .169 with one home run and seven RBI. On November 18, <mask> cleared outright waivers and elected free agency. Later career On January 23, 2017, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He suffered a torn hamstring in a spring training game against the Chicago Cubs on March 8. On March 18, Diamondbacks manager Torey Lovullo stated that <mask> would likely require surgery and miss the entire 2017 season. On January 11, 2018, <mask> resigned a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks.He was released on March 18, 2018. On May 29, 2018, <mask> signed with the New Britain Bees of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. On June 21, 2018, <mask>'s contract was purchased by the Detroit Tigers. He elected free agency on November 2, 2018. On January 16, 2019, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. On July 12, 2019, <mask> and Adam McCreery were traded to the Los Angeles Angels for cash considerations. He became a free agent following the 2019 season.On January 30, 2020, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the New York Yankees. He became a free agent on November 2, 2020. References External links 1986 births Living people People from Breese, Illinois Baseball players from Illinois American expatriate baseball players in Canada Major League Baseball catchers New York Mets players Toronto Blue Jays players Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Gulf Coast Mets players Kingsport Mets players Savannah Sand Gnats players St. Lucie Mets players Binghamton Mets players Leones del Caracas players American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela New Britain Bees players Erie SeaWolves players Tulsa Drillers players Oklahoma City Dodgers players Salt Lake Bees players Peoria Saguaros players

<mask> is an American former professional baseball catcher who played in Major League Baseball for the New York Mets and Toronto Blue Jays. <mask> grew up in Illinois and attended high school. He signed a letter of intent to play baseball at Quincy University in 2004. <mask> was drafted by the New York Mets in the 13th round of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft. He was assigned to the Gulf Coast League Mets, where he played 35 games and had one home run and 12 runs in. He played the entire 2006 minor league season with the Kingsport Mets, appearing in 36 games and batting.235 with one home run and 12RBI. In 2007, <mask> played in a career-high 117 games for the Sand Gnats.He walked more than he struck out, with 61 and 57, but he did not hit a home run that season. <mask> was an All-Star in 2008 when he was in the Advanced-A St. Lucie Mets. He hit.300 with five home runs and 56 runs. <mask> was named a Rising Star in the Arizona Fall League after batting.319 with two home runs and 17 runs scored in 19 games. He hit.328 with one home run and 46 runs scored in 103 games for the Double-A Binghamton Mets in 2009. He was named a mid-season All-Star for the second year in a row, and established himself as a solid singles hitter. Mets pitching coach Dan Warthen "gushed" about <mask>'s catcher skills after viewing <mask> in the spring training.<mask> stated in 2009, "My throwing is still coming along." <mask> was called up to the majors on August 31, 2009. He recorded his first major league hit in his first at-bat. <mask> played 17 games for the Mets in 2009, batting.321 with 9RBI. During the winter season in Venezuela, <mask> played in 44 games and hit.381 with three home runs and 28 runs. <mask> was called up to the Mets in June after spending most of the 2010 season in Triple-A Buffalo. On July 20, 2010, <mask> hit his first major league home run, a solo homer, off of Barry Enright in a game against the Arizona Diamondbacks at Chase Field.On October 1, 2010, he hit a walk-off home run to give the Mets a win. <mask> was a catcher for the New York Mets. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Thole was the starting catcher for the Mets. On May 9, 2012 Thole was placed on the seven-day disabled list after suffering a concussion in a plate collision with Ty Wigginton. The first no-hitter in franchise history was caught on June 1, 2012 by Thole. The New York Mets traded <mask> Thole, R. A. Dickey, and Mike Nickeas to the Toronto Blue Jays.The Blue Jays signed <mask> to a two-year contract worth $2.5 million with a club option for the 2015 season. <mask> started the season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons after being sent to minor league camp. He was recalled by the Blue Jays on June 7. On June 8th, <mask> made his Blue Jays debut and went 0-2 at the plate in a win against the Texas Rangers. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Thole began the season as R. A. Dickey's personal catcher. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217The Blue Jays picked up <mask>'s option on November 1. The Blue Jays had 3 catchers on their roster after the signing of Russell Martin. <mask> was Martin's personal catcher. <mask> was assigned to Triple-A Buffalo on March 31. When Dioner Navarro was placed on the disabled list, <mask> was recalled to the Blue Jays. He was sent back to Buffalo on June 2. <mask> was recalled from Buffalo.He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 On December 2, 2015, Thole became a free agent. On December 4, he signed a one-year, $800,000 contract with the Blue Jays. Thole made the Opening Day roster for the second year in a row. On April 5, he hit his first home run of the season in the Blue Jays 5–3 win over the Rays. Thole's role with the team was brought into question after the Blue Jays reacquired Dioner Navarro. After catching Dickey's start on August 28, Thole was designated for assignment by Toronto, who hoped that he would go unclaimed off waivers and be released, and could be re-signed on September 1 after the Major League roster expansion.<mask> remained eligible for the playoffs after signing with the Blue Jays on August 31st. <mask> played in 50 games for the Blue Jays in 2016 and hit.169 with one home run and sevenRBI. <mask> elected free agency on November 18. On January 23, 2017, <mask> signed a minor league contract. He was hurt in a spring training game against the Cubs. On March 18th, Torey Lovullo stated that <mask> would likely need surgery and miss the entire season. <mask> resigned his minor league deal with the Arizona D-backs.On March 18, he was released. <mask> signed with the New Britain Bees of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. <mask>'s contract was purchased by the Detroit Tigers. On November 2, he was elected free agency. <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Dodgers. The Los Angeles Angels traded <mask> and Adam McCreery for cash considerations. He became a free agent after the season.<mask> signed a minor league deal with the New York Yankees. On November 2, 2020, he became a free agent. Baseball players from Illinois are American expatriate baseball players in Canada.

1005051

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht%20Adam

Albrecht Adam

Albrecht Adam (16 April 1786 – 28 August 1862) was a Bavarian painter, who accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte during the 1812 Russian campaign. He was attached as an official artist to the Bavarian contingent in Bonaparte's Grande Armée. Throughout the campaign he sketched, painted and depicted an important record of the campaign to Moscow. In his memoirs he described the carnage of Borodino and late into his career he was still painting battle scenes from the Napoleonic period. He became a well-known equine artist, a legacy continued by his grandson, Emil Adam. Life and career Albrecht Adam was born in Nördlingen, then a small free state in southern Germany, to Jeremias Adam and Margaretha Thilo in 1786. His brother Heinrich Adam (1787–1862), also a painter was born the following year. Albrecht's talent for painting became apparent at an early age as by 1800 he was painting French troops as they marched through southern Germany. Initially apprenticed as a confectioner in Nuremberg, in 1803 he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg where he was tutored in drawing by Christoph Zwinger (1764–1813). In July 1807 he moved to Munich where he learnt from the war and battle artist Johann Lorenz Rugendas II (1775–1826). and befriended fellow artists Margarethe Geiger and Sophie Reinhard, who later moved with him to Vienna. In 1809 Austria attacked Napoleon's ally Bavaria, an action that led to a short, unpleasant conflict that culminated in Austrian defeat by France and Bavaria at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen. Adam who accompanied the victorious army to Vienna produced a series of military impressions of the conflict, beginning a theme that would dominate his career. It was during his brief residency in Vienna, that he met Prince Eugene de Beauharnais, the Viceroy of Italy and Bonaparte's stepson and his wife Princess Augusta of Bavaria. The young artist was asked to join Prince Eugene's household in Milan as a Court painter. His duties included accompanying Eugene and his staff on military campaigns across Europe. Adam with The Grande Armée to Moscow In 1812 Adam accompanied Prince Eugene as an artist on the expedition to Russia. He was given a military officer's rank and attached to Eugene's Topographical Bureau, a small unit of engineers, cartographers and draughtsmen which had been established in 1801. Adam travelled with IV Corps, composed mainly of Italian troops, on the long difficult journey to Moscow. As the Grande Armée progressed across Europe and into Russia Adam wrote, sketched and painted. He was present at all the major actions and witnessed the triumphant march into the smouldering ruins of Moscow. There seems little doubt that Adam was depressed, by what he had witnessed. After the key Battle of Borodino he described his feelings on visiting the battlefield.... The scene was one that filled me with horror. I felt paralysed and, only by calling to mind the countless other horrors I had been witness to in this frightful campaign, could I shake myself from my stupor .... He returned early from Moscow arriving in Munich in December 1812 thus missing the painful decimation of the Grande Armée as it retreated from Moscow. He remained on Prince Eugene's staff for a further three years during which time Adam produced seventy-seven colour plates depicting the aftermath of the conflict. They show devastated landscapes, battlefields strewn with corpses, bewildered civilians, battle weary soldiers and razed towns. The memoirs that accompany each plate provide a frank composition to the war that Adam witnessed. Post 1815 Career In 1815, with the Napoleonic wars drawing to a close, Adam relocated permanently to Munich, where he was court painter to Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, a position that allowed him to complete commissions for many prominent families in Bavaria and Austria. Albrecht Adam's studio became a centre for aspiring artists not least his three painter sons: Benno, Eugen and Franz. Theodor Horschelt, who later became known for his paintings of the Russian Caucasian War was a frequent visitor. In 1824, his former employer Prince Eugene died and Adam began collating the images of the Russian Campaign gathering them together under the title Voyage pittoresque et militaire. The lithographs published in Munich between 1828 and 1833, were based on the sketches he had taken during the campaign and remain of considerable historical significance. They proved a considerable commercial success and the images have been used many times since the first edition. A number of original drawings and images in oil are held by the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersberg. Royal patronage continued under Ludwig I with commissions including a painting of the Battle of Borodino for the Royal Munich Residenz in 1838. Adam also painted, for Maximilian von Leuchtenberg, twelve battle scenes to hang in his palace in St Petersburg. On 18 March 1848, the Milanese rebelled against Austrian rule, during the so-called Five Days (Italian: Le Cinque Giornate). The Austrians were forced to withdraw from Milan whilst the insurgents sought military aid from The Kingdom of Sardinia. Austrians forces led by Field Marshall Joseph Radetzky regathered and defeated Sardinian forces at the first Battle of Custoza and again, at the Battle of Novara. Albrecht Adam painted a series of commissioned paintings that depicted the events including a rather flattering canvass showing Radetsky on a white horse (id est Napoleon) with his general staff before the fall of Milan. In 1859 Adam followed the army of Napoleon III of France during the Italian campaign against Austria recording the action in a series of drawings and sketches. Returning to Munich he painted the Battle of Landshut 1809 (1859) and the Battle of Zorndorf 1758 (1860) for Maximilian II of Bavaria. He remained a significant military painter, often assisted by his sons, until his death in Munich on 16 August 1862. His brother Heinrich predeceased him by six months. In around 1850 Adam is recorded as living at Sing Straße 13 in Munich. Illustrations of works See also List of German painters Notes References 1786 births 1862 deaths People from Nördlingen Artists from Munich People from the Kingdom of Bavaria Equine artists 19th-century German painters German male painters 19th-century male artists German landscape painters Court painters Military art 19th-century war artists 19th-century painters of historical subjects

<mask> (16 April 1786 – 28 August 1862) was a Bavarian painter, who accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte during the 1812 Russian campaign. He was attached as an official artist to the Bavarian contingent in Bonaparte's Grande Armée. Throughout the campaign he sketched, painted and depicted an important record of the campaign to Moscow. In his memoirs he described the carnage of Borodino and late into his career he was still painting battle scenes from the Napoleonic period. He became a well-known equine artist, a legacy continued by his grandson, <mask>. Life and career <mask> was born in Nördlingen, then a small free state in southern Germany, to <mask> and Margaretha Thilo in 1786. His brother <mask> (1787–1862), also a painter was born the following year.<mask>'s talent for painting became apparent at an early age as by 1800 he was painting French troops as they marched through southern Germany. Initially apprenticed as a confectioner in Nuremberg, in 1803 he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg where he was tutored in drawing by Christoph Zwinger (1764–1813). In July 1807 he moved to Munich where he learnt from the war and battle artist Johann Lorenz Rugendas II (1775–1826). and befriended fellow artists Margarethe Geiger and Sophie Reinhard, who later moved with him to Vienna. In 1809 Austria attacked Napoleon's ally Bavaria, an action that led to a short, unpleasant conflict that culminated in Austrian defeat by France and Bavaria at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen. <mask> who accompanied the victorious army to Vienna produced a series of military impressions of the conflict, beginning a theme that would dominate his career. It was during his brief residency in Vienna, that he met Prince Eugene de Beauharnais, the Viceroy of Italy and Bonaparte's stepson and his wife Princess Augusta of Bavaria.The young artist was asked to join Prince Eugene's household in Milan as a Court painter. His duties included accompanying Eugene and his staff on military campaigns across Europe. <mask> with The Grande Armée to Moscow In 1812 <mask> accompanied Prince Eugene as an artist on the expedition to Russia. He was given a military officer's rank and attached to Eugene's Topographical Bureau, a small unit of engineers, cartographers and draughtsmen which had been established in 1801. <mask> travelled with IV Corps, composed mainly of Italian troops, on the long difficult journey to Moscow. As the Grande Armée progressed across Europe and into Russia <mask> wrote, sketched and painted. He was present at all the major actions and witnessed the triumphant march into the smouldering ruins of Moscow.There seems little doubt that <mask> was depressed, by what he had witnessed. After the key Battle of Borodino he described his feelings on visiting the battlefield.... The scene was one that filled me with horror. I felt paralysed and, only by calling to mind the countless other horrors I had been witness to in this frightful campaign, could I shake myself from my stupor .... He returned early from Moscow arriving in Munich in December 1812 thus missing the painful decimation of the Grande Armée as it retreated from Moscow. He remained on Prince Eugene's staff for a further three years during which time <mask> produced seventy-seven colour plates depicting the aftermath of the conflict. They show devastated landscapes, battlefields strewn with corpses, bewildered civilians, battle weary soldiers and razed towns.The memoirs that accompany each plate provide a frank composition to the war that <mask> witnessed. Post 1815 Career In 1815, with the Napoleonic wars drawing to a close, <mask> relocated permanently to Munich, where he was court painter to Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, a position that allowed him to complete commissions for many prominent families in Bavaria and Austria. <mask> <mask>'s studio became a centre for aspiring artists not least his three painter sons: Benno, Eugen and Franz. Theodor Horschelt, who later became known for his paintings of the Russian Caucasian War was a frequent visitor. In 1824, his former employer Prince Eugene died and <mask> began collating the images of the Russian Campaign gathering them together under the title Voyage pittoresque et militaire. The lithographs published in Munich between 1828 and 1833, were based on the sketches he had taken during the campaign and remain of considerable historical significance. They proved a considerable commercial success and the images have been used many times since the first edition.A number of original drawings and images in oil are held by the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersberg. Royal patronage continued under Ludwig I with commissions including a painting of the Battle of Borodino for the Royal Munich Residenz in 1838. <mask> also painted, for Maximilian von Leuchtenberg, twelve battle scenes to hang in his palace in St Petersburg. On 18 March 1848, the Milanese rebelled against Austrian rule, during the so-called Five Days (Italian: Le Cinque Giornate). The Austrians were forced to withdraw from Milan whilst the insurgents sought military aid from The Kingdom of Sardinia. Austrians forces led by Field Marshall Joseph Radetzky regathered and defeated Sardinian forces at the first Battle of Custoza and again, at the Battle of Novara. <mask> <mask> painted a series of commissioned paintings that depicted the events including a rather flattering canvass showing Radetsky on a white horse (id est Napoleon) with his general staff before the fall of Milan.In 1859 <mask> followed the army of Napoleon III of France during the Italian campaign against Austria recording the action in a series of drawings and sketches. Returning to Munich he painted the Battle of Landshut 1809 (1859) and the Battle of Zorndorf 1758 (1860) for Maximilian II of Bavaria. He remained a significant military painter, often assisted by his sons, until his death in Munich on 16 August 1862. His brother Heinrich predeceased him by six months. In around 1850 <mask> is recorded as living at Sing Straße 13 in Munich. Illustrations of works See also List of German painters Notes References 1786 births 1862 deaths People from Nördlingen Artists from Munich People from the Kingdom of Bavaria Equine artists 19th-century German painters German male painters 19th-century male artists German landscape painters Court painters Military art 19th-century war artists 19th-century painters of historical subjects

Napoleon Bonaparte was accompanied by a painter named <mask> during the Russian campaign. The Bavarian contingent in Bonaparte's Grande Armée had an official artist attached to them. He painted and sketched a record of the campaign to Moscow. He described the carnage ofBorodino in his memoirs, but later in his career he was still painting battle scenes from the Napoleonic period. The legacy of his grandson is that he became a well-known equine artist. <mask> was born in Nrdlingen, a small free state in southern Germany, to <mask> and Margaretha Thilo in 1786. His brother was a painter and was born in the same year.At an early age, his talent for painting became apparent as he painted French troops as they marched through southern Germany. He was a student at the Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg, where he was taught to draw. He learned from the war and battle artist Johann Lorenz Rugendas II in the summer of 1807. He befriended other artists and later moved with them to Vienna. At the Battle of Teugen-Hausen, Austria was defeated by France and Bavaria after Austria attacked Napoleon's allies. A theme that would dominate his career was the military impressions <mask> produced when he accompanied the army to Vienna. He met the Viceroy of Italy and Bonaparte's stepson, Prince Eugene de Beauharnais, while he was in Vienna.The young artist was asked to join Prince Eugene's household in Milan. Eugene and his staff were on military campaigns across Europe. <mask> was an artist on the expedition to Russia. He was given a military officer's rank and attached to Eugene's Topographical Bureau, which was established in 1802. The journey to Moscow was difficult for <mask> and the IV Corps. <mask> sketched and painted as the Grande Armée moved across Europe and into Russia. He witnessed the march into the smouldering ruins of Moscow and was present at all the major actions.<mask> was depressed by what he had seen. He talked about his feelings after visiting the battlefield. The scene was frightening. By calling to mind the many horrors I had been witness to in this frightful campaign, I was able to shake myself from my paralysis. He came back from Moscow in December 1812 and missed the Grande Armée as it retreated from Moscow. <mask> produced seventy-seven colour plates depicting the aftermath of the conflict while he was on Prince Eugene's staff. They show devastated landscapes, battlefields strewn with corpses, bewildered civilians, and weary soldiers.The war that <mask> witnessed is reflected in the memoirs that accompany each plate. With the Napoleonic wars drawing to a close, <mask> relocated permanently to Munich, where he was court painter to Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, a position that allowed him to complete commissions for many prominent families in Bavaria and Austria. <mask>'s studio became a center for aspiring artists, including his three painter sons: Benno, Eugen and Franz. He was known for his paintings of the Russian Caucasian War. The images of the Russian Campaign were gathered together under the title Voyage pittoresque et militaire after Prince Eugene died. The sketches he had taken during the campaign were used to create the sketches that were used in the lithographs. Since the first edition, the images have been used many times.The Hermitage Museum holds a number of original drawings and images in oil. The Battle ofBorodino was painted for the Royal Munich Residenz by Ludwig I. Twelve battle scenes were painted for Maximilian von Leuchtenberg by <mask>. During the so-called Five days, the Milanese rebelled against Austrian rule. The Austrians were forced to leave Milan in order to get military aid from The Kingdom of Sardinia. The Austrians defeated the Sardinian forces at the first Battle of Custoza and again at the Battle of Novara. The events depicted in a series of paintings by <mask> <mask> include the fall of Milan and a picture of the general staff on a white horse.<mask> followed Napoleon III of France during the Italian campaign against Austria in 1859, recording the action in a series of drawings and sketches. The Battle of Landshut and the Battle of Zorndorf were both painted by him. He was a significant military painter until his death in August of 1862. His brother died six months later. In 1850, <mask> lived at Sing Strae 13 in Munich. There are illustrations of works, as well as a list of German painters.

28734802

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Shoebridge

David Shoebridge

David Martin Shoebridge is an Australian politician, environmental and social justice activist and former barrister. He has been a Greens member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since September 2010. Early life and career Shoebridge was born in Sydney. He attended James Ruse Agricultural High School, before receiving a combined Bachelor of Arts (in 1993) and a Bachelor of Laws (Hons) (in 1995) at the University of Sydney. Shoebridge was admitted as a lawyer in 1998, and was admitted to the NSW Bar in 2003. Shoebridge started his professional career as an associate to Justice Eric Baker of the Family Court of Australia (from March 1996 to March 1998). Before entering parliament, Shoebridge worked as a lawyer for 13 years, the majority of this time as a barrister with a focus on personal injury law, employment, discrimination and tort law. Political career Council politics Shoebridge was elected to Woollahra Municipal Council in 2004 and reelected in 2008. After unsuccessfully running for the position of Deputy Mayor in April 2004 after his election, he served one term as Deputy Mayor of Woollahra from September 2004 to September 2005 under independent mayor, Geoffrey Rundle. He was an executive of the Local Government Association from 2008 to 2010 and an executive of the Holdsworth Community Centre in Woollahra from 2004 to 2008. He was Convenor of the Greens NSW from August 2008 to August 2010. He was the Greens candidate for the state seat of Vaucluse in the 2007 state election. State politics He became a member of the Legislative Council in September 2010 after Sylvia Hale resigned from the Legislative Council. He was elected as a member of the Legislative Council at the 2011 state election after being preselected to the first position on the Greens' ticket. Shoebridge is currently the Chair of NSW Parliament's Public Accountability Committee, the Deputy Chair of the Portfolio Committee No. 5 - Legal Affairs, the Deputy Chair of the Select Committee on the High Level of First Nations People in Custody and Oversight and Review of Deaths in Custody, the Deputy Chair of the Select Committee on the Government's management of the Powerhouse Museum and other museums and cultural projects in New South Wales, a member of the Committee on Children and Young People, a member of the Portfolio Committee No. 3 - Education, a member of the Standing Committee on Law and Justice, a member of the Selection of Bills Committee and a member of the Select Committee on the impact of technological and other change on the future of work and workers in New South Wales. Shoebridge has worked with victims of child sexual abuse. In September 2012 at a public meeting in Newcastle, Shoebridge joined journalist Joanne McCarthy and police whistleblower Peter Fox to call for a Royal Commission into sexual abuse by the Catholic Church and other institutions. A Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse was established in January 2013. Shoebridge has also introduced legislation in Parliament to overturn the Ellis defence, remove the statute of limitations and reform sentencing procedures related to child sex abuse. On 2 June 2011, Shoebridge took the record for the longest speech in the NSW Legislative Council - while talking continuously for over five hours and 58 minutes against NSW government legislation that affected public sector wages and conditions. In 2012, Shoebridge advocated against proposed changes to workers' rights - as the NSW government made changes to the workers compensation system. Accompanied by the first general strike by fire-fighters since 1956, Shoebridge helped secure amendments to the legislation meaning that fire-fighters and paramedics retained the same cover as police officers. Shoebridge campaigned successfully in July 2013 for the abolition of the Game Council NSW by the NSW government. This followed the findings and recommendations of the Dunn Report into the Game Council's governance, called after senior Game Council figures were suspended after allegations of illegal hunting. In November 2013, Shoebridge moved the motion that established a Parliamentary Inquiry into the Bowraville murders. In November 2014 a unanimous report was handed down which made 15 recommendations including that the NSW Police Force reviews its processes, procedures and training programs that relate to Aboriginal people and that the NSW government reviews a relevant section of the Crimes (Appeal and Review) Act 2001. In May 2016, the then NSW Attorney-General sent an application for a retrial to the Court of Criminal Appeal. In November 2017 the Court of Criminal Appeal held four hearings into the case, and decided in 2018 against a retrial. Shoebridge worked closely with community groups such as the Better Planning Network to force the then O'Farrell government to withdraw its planning reforms in November 2013. In 2015, the Chinese consulate of Sydney warned members of parliament to not attend Shoebridge's briefing on human rights abuses in China's organ trade. In 2016, Shoebridge introduced a bill outlawing organ trade in New South Wales. Starting in 2015 Shoebridge campaigned with community groups, residents and councillors across NSW against forced council amalgamations by the NSW Coalition government. Woollahra Council was a leader in the litigation against the NSW government - with the High Court granting it leave to appeal. In February 2017 the campaign had a major success with the Berejiklian government abandoning all pending forced amalgamations in the regions. In July 2017 the government backed down again abandoning all remaining council amalgamations in Sydney. Shoebridge has campaigned on police accountability. In 2014, as part of a broader campaign to curb the use of police drug dogs, Shoebridge launched Facebook page Sniff Off with individuals reporting drug dog locations at train stations, festivals and other public places in NSW. Through freedom of information and questions in Parliament Shoebridge obtained data that indicates drug dogs get it wrong up to 80% of the time. In 2017, Shoebridge, alongside Lee Rhiannon, defended the establishment of the anti-capitalist Left Renewal faction in the NSW Greens. Former Left Renewal activists allege the organisation sought to support the offices of Shoebridge and Rhiannon, although they were both not members of the organisation. Tom Raue, one of Shoebridge’s staffers, urged Greens' members to join Left Renewal, saying "our founding document explicitly mentions the anarchists and socialists that make up the party". On 12 April 2018, Shoebridge successfully moved the motion in the NSW parliament to force the government to release its business case for the relocation of the Powerhouse Museum from Ultimo. In so doing, Shoebridge secured the support of MPs from Labor and other parties, as well as one Liberal MP. On 15 May 2018, Shoebridge spoke at a pro-Palestinian rally, following the alleged deaths of possibly up to 60 Palestinians (according to Palestinian sources) during the 2018 Gaza border riots. In June 2020 a part-time member of Shoebridge's staff, Xiaoran Shi, was charged with defacing a statue of James Cook in Hyde Park, Sydney outside of work hours. Shoebridge declared he would not sack the staffer due to the actions being taken outside of work hours, and he was censured by the NSW Upper House for failing to condemn the act. Shoebridge condemned the public criticism on his staffer. In 2020/2021, Shoebridge chaired a parliamentary inquiry to scrutinise the NSW government's grants under the Stronger Communities Grants Fund (in relation to which a senior member of Berejiklian's staff revealed to the inquiry that she most likely shredded and deleted documents relating to the Premier's approval of grants) as well as grants under the Bushfire Relief Fund (under the first round of which Blue Mountains received zero dollars). Federal politics In February 2021, David Shoebridge ran for the NSW Greens Senate preselection for the next Australian federal election. Following the preselection, Shoebridge was elected as the leading Greens candidate for the Senate in New South Wales. Personal life Shoebridge lives in the Sydney suburb of Woollahra. He has two daughters with his partner Patricia. He founded the Greens Bushwalking Club (with the assistance of the National Parks Association). References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Australian Greens members of the Parliament of New South Wales Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council 21st-century Australian politicians Municipality of Woollahra Deputy mayors of places in Australia

<mask> is an Australian politician, environmental and social justice activist and former barrister. He has been a Greens member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since September 2010. Early life and career <mask> was born in Sydney. He attended James Ruse Agricultural High School, before receiving a combined Bachelor of Arts (in 1993) and a Bachelor of Laws (Hons) (in 1995) at the University of Sydney. <mask> was admitted as a lawyer in 1998, and was admitted to the NSW Bar in 2003. <mask> started his professional career as an associate to Justice Eric Baker of the Family Court of Australia (from March 1996 to March 1998). Before entering parliament, <mask> worked as a lawyer for 13 years, the majority of this time as a barrister with a focus on personal injury law, employment, discrimination and tort law.Political career Council politics <mask> was elected to Woollahra Municipal Council in 2004 and reelected in 2008. After unsuccessfully running for the position of Deputy Mayor in April 2004 after his election, he served one term as Deputy Mayor of Woollahra from September 2004 to September 2005 under independent mayor, Geoffrey Rundle. He was an executive of the Local Government Association from 2008 to 2010 and an executive of the Holdsworth Community Centre in Woollahra from 2004 to 2008. He was Convenor of the Greens NSW from August 2008 to August 2010. He was the Greens candidate for the state seat of Vaucluse in the 2007 state election. State politics He became a member of the Legislative Council in September 2010 after Sylvia Hale resigned from the Legislative Council. He was elected as a member of the Legislative Council at the 2011 state election after being preselected to the first position on the Greens' ticket.<mask> is currently the Chair of NSW Parliament's Public Accountability Committee, the Deputy Chair of the Portfolio Committee No. 5 - Legal Affairs, the Deputy Chair of the Select Committee on the High Level of First Nations People in Custody and Oversight and Review of Deaths in Custody, the Deputy Chair of the Select Committee on the Government's management of the Powerhouse Museum and other museums and cultural projects in New South Wales, a member of the Committee on Children and Young People, a member of the Portfolio Committee No. 3 - Education, a member of the Standing Committee on Law and Justice, a member of the Selection of Bills Committee and a member of the Select Committee on the impact of technological and other change on the future of work and workers in New South Wales. <mask> has worked with victims of child sexual abuse. In September 2012 at a public meeting in Newcastle, <mask> joined journalist Joanne McCarthy and police whistleblower Peter Fox to call for a Royal Commission into sexual abuse by the Catholic Church and other institutions. A Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse was established in January 2013. <mask> has also introduced legislation in Parliament to overturn the Ellis defence, remove the statute of limitations and reform sentencing procedures related to child sex abuse.On 2 June 2011, <mask> took the record for the longest speech in the NSW Legislative Council - while talking continuously for over five hours and 58 minutes against NSW government legislation that affected public sector wages and conditions. In 2012, <mask> advocated against proposed changes to workers' rights - as the NSW government made changes to the workers compensation system. Accompanied by the first general strike by fire-fighters since 1956, <mask> helped secure amendments to the legislation meaning that fire-fighters and paramedics retained the same cover as police officers. <mask> campaigned successfully in July 2013 for the abolition of the Game Council NSW by the NSW government. This followed the findings and recommendations of the Dunn Report into the Game Council's governance, called after senior Game Council figures were suspended after allegations of illegal hunting. In November 2013, <mask> moved the motion that established a Parliamentary Inquiry into the Bowraville murders. In November 2014 a unanimous report was handed down which made 15 recommendations including that the NSW Police Force reviews its processes, procedures and training programs that relate to Aboriginal people and that the NSW government reviews a relevant section of the Crimes (Appeal and Review) Act 2001.In May 2016, the then NSW Attorney-General sent an application for a retrial to the Court of Criminal Appeal. In November 2017 the Court of Criminal Appeal held four hearings into the case, and decided in 2018 against a retrial. <mask> worked closely with community groups such as the Better Planning Network to force the then O'Farrell government to withdraw its planning reforms in November 2013. In 2015, the Chinese consulate of Sydney warned members of parliament to not attend <mask>'s briefing on human rights abuses in China's organ trade. In 2016, <mask> introduced a bill outlawing organ trade in New South Wales. Starting in 2015 <mask> campaigned with community groups, residents and councillors across NSW against forced council amalgamations by the NSW Coalition government. Woollahra Council was a leader in the litigation against the NSW government - with the High Court granting it leave to appeal.In February 2017 the campaign had a major success with the Berejiklian government abandoning all pending forced amalgamations in the regions. In July 2017 the government backed down again abandoning all remaining council amalgamations in Sydney. Shoebridge has campaigned on police accountability. In 2014, as part of a broader campaign to curb the use of police drug dogs, Shoebridge launched Facebook page Sniff Off with individuals reporting drug dog locations at train stations, festivals and other public places in NSW. Through freedom of information and questions in Parliament <mask> obtained data that indicates drug dogs get it wrong up to 80% of the time. In 2017, <mask>, alongside Lee Rhiannon, defended the establishment of the anti-capitalist Left Renewal faction in the NSW Greens. Former Left Renewal activists allege the organisation sought to support the offices of Shoebridge and Rhiannon, although they were both not members of the organisation.Tom Raue, one of Shoebridge’s staffers, urged Greens' members to join Left Renewal, saying "our founding document explicitly mentions the anarchists and socialists that make up the party". On 12 April 2018, <mask> successfully moved the motion in the NSW parliament to force the government to release its business case for the relocation of the Powerhouse Museum from Ultimo. In so doing, <mask> secured the support of MPs from Labor and other parties, as well as one Liberal MP. On 15 May 2018, <mask> spoke at a pro-Palestinian rally, following the alleged deaths of possibly up to 60 Palestinians (according to Palestinian sources) during the 2018 Gaza border riots. In June 2020 a part-time member of Shoebridge's staff, Xiaoran Shi, was charged with defacing a statue of James Cook in Hyde Park, Sydney outside of work hours. <mask> declared he would not sack the staffer due to the actions being taken outside of work hours, and he was censured by the NSW Upper House for failing to condemn the act. <mask> condemned the public criticism on his staffer.In 2020/2021, <mask>lian's staff revealed to the inquiry that she most likely shredded and deleted documents relating to the Premier's approval of grants) as well as grants under the Bushfire Relief Fund (under the first round of which Blue Mountains received zero dollars). Federal politics In February 2021, <mask> ran for the NSW Greens Senate preselection for the next Australian federal election. Following the preselection, <mask> was elected as the leading Greens candidate for the Senate in New South Wales. Personal life <mask> lives in the Sydney suburb of Woollahra. He has two daughters with his partner Patricia. He founded the Greens Bushwalking Club (with the assistance of the National Parks Association). References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Australian Greens members of the Parliament of New South Wales Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council 21st-century Australian politicians Municipality of Woollahra Deputy mayors of places in Australia

<mask> is an Australian politician, environmental and social justice activist. He is a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council<mask> was born in Australia. He graduated from James Ruse Agricultural High School with a Bachelor of Arts in 1993 and a Bachelor of Laws in 1995. <mask> was admitted to the bar in 2003 after being admitted as a lawyer in 1998. <mask> was an associate to Justice Eric Baker of the Family Court of Australia. <mask> worked as a lawyer for 13 years, the majority of which was as a barrister with a focus on personal injury law.<mask> was reelected to the Woollahra Municipal Council in 2008. He was the deputy mayor of Woollahra from September 2004 to September 2005 under an independent mayor. He was an executive of the Local Government Association from 2008 to 2010 and an executive of the Holdsworth Community Centre from 2004 to 2008. From August 2008 to August 2010 he was the Convenor of the Greens. He was a candidate for the state seat of Vaucluse. He became a member of the Legislative Council after Sylvia Hale resigned. After being preselected to the first position on the Greens' ticket, he was elected as a member of the Legislative Council.<mask> is the Chair of the Public Accountability Committee and the deputy chair of the Portfolio Committee. The deputy chair of the Select Committee on the High Level of First Nations People in Custody and Oversight and Review of Deaths in Custody is also the deputy chair of the Select Committee on the Government's management of the Powerhouse Museum and other museums and cultural projects in New South Wales. 3 - Education, a member of the Standing Committee on Law and Justice, a member of the Selection of Bills Committee and a member of the Select Committee on the impact of technological and other change on the future of work and workers in New South Wales. <mask> works with victims of child sexual abuse. <mask> was one of three people who called for a Royal Commission into sexual abuse by the Catholic Church and other institutions. The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse was established in January. <mask> has introduced legislation to overturn the Ellis defence, remove the statute of limitations, and reform sentencing procedures related to child sex abuse.<mask> spoke for over five hours and 58 minutes against government legislation that affected public sector wages and conditions on June 2, 2011. <mask> was against changes to workers' rights in 2012 as the state government made changes to the workers compensation system. Fire-fighters and paramedics retained the same cover as police officers after <mask> helped secure amendments to the legislation. In July of last year, <mask> was successful in getting the abolition of the Game Council. The findings and recommendations of the Dunn Report into the Game Council's governance were called after senior Game Council figures were suspended after allegations of illegal hunting. <mask> moved a motion to establish a Parliamentary Inquiry into the Bowraville murders. In November of last year a unanimous report was handed down which made 15 recommendations including that the police force reviews its processes, procedures and training programs that relate to aboriginal people and that the state government reviews a section of the Crimes (Appeal and Review) Act 2001.The Court of Criminal Appeal received an application for a re trial from the Attorney-General. The case was decided against a re trial by the Court of Criminal Appeal. The Better Planning Network was one of the groups Shoebridge worked with to bring about the withdrawal of the planning reforms. Members of parliament were warned not to attend Shoebridge's presentation on human rights abuses in China's organ trade. In New South Wales, <mask> introduced a bill outlawing organ trade. <mask> started campaigning against forced council amalgamations by the Coalition government in 2015. The High Court allowed Woollahra Council to appeal against the state government.In February of last year, the Berejiklian government abandoned all pending forced amalgamations in the regions. The government abandoned all remaining council amalgamations in July of last year. Shoebridge has been campaigning for police accountability. Shoebridge launched a Facebook page called Sniff Off in order to curb the use of police drug dogs. Shoebridge obtained data that shows drug dogs can get it wrong up to 80% of the time. The establishment of the Left Renewal group in the Greens was defended by <mask> and Rhiannon. The offices of Shoebridge and Rhiannon were not supported by the Left Renewal, according to former activists.Tom Raue, one of Shoebridge's staffers, urged Greens' members to join Left Renewal, saying "our founding document explicitly mentions the anarchists and socialists that make up the party". <mask> moved a motion to force the government to release its business case for the relocation of the Powerhouse Museum from Ultimo. <mask> was able to get the support of both Labor and Liberal MPs. According to Palestinian sources, <mask> spoke at a pro-Palestinian rally in May of last year, following the deaths of up to 60 Palestinians during the Gaza border riots. Xiaoran Shi, a part-time member of Shoebridge's staff, was charged in June 2020 with defacing a statue of James Cook outside of work hours. <mask> was censured by the New South Wales Upper House for failing to condemn the actions taken outside of work hours. The public criticism of his staffer was condemned by <mask>.<mask> chaired a parliamentary inquiry to examine the grants under the Stronger Communities Grants Fund in relation to which a senior member of Berejiklian's staff revealed to the inquiry that she shredded and deleted documents relating to the premier. <mask> was a candidate for the next Australian federal election. <mask> was elected as the leading Greens candidate for the Senate in New South Wales. <mask> lives in the suburb of Woollahra. He and his partner have two daughters. The Greens Bushwalking Club was founded by him. Australian Greens members of the Parliament of New South Wales Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council 21st century Australian politicians of Woollahra

1516856

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Davies%20%28rugby%2C%20born%201962%29

Jonathan Davies (rugby, born 1962)

Jonathan Davies, OBE (born 24 October 1962) is a Welsh former rugby player who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and who represented Wales in both rugby union and rugby league. A goal-kicking backline player, he played his club rugby in Wales, England and Australia. Davies has since become a television commentator for both codes and media personality, in both the Welsh and English languages. Biography Jonathan Davies was born in Trimsaran, Carmarthenshire on 24 October 1962, the son of Diana and Len Davies, who worked in Trostre, Llanelli. Davies started school at Trimsaran Primary School, where he was part of the Welsh medium class. His teacher Meirion Davies introduced him to rugby, and he started playing Sevens. Although he did not have the strong physique for the contact sport, his talent and flair for the game was recognised by many, including local great Carwyn James. He attended Gwendraeth Grammar School, where he met his first wife Karen Hopkins, whom he married ten years later. Rugby union In 1974 Davies played for the very first time at Cardiff Arms Park, when he was chosen for the West Wales Under 12s. He started his career at amateur level with Trimsaran RFC. His father Len had also played for and captained Trimsaran Rugby Club. Age 17, Davies left school and became an apprentice painter and decorator. After developing at Trimsaran, he was given a trial with Llanelli but was rejected. Neath gave him another chance and he signed with them in 1982, selected to play at fly-half. After 35 games for Neath, Davies was selected to play for Wales, against England at the Cardiff Arms Park. After scoring a try and a drop goal, Davies was named Man of the Match in the Welsh victory. He was made captain at Neath before being transferred to Llanelli. In 1988 Davies played a part in the Triple Crown success for Wales and between 1985 and 1997 he won 37 rugby union caps. Injuries during the 1988 New Zealand tour meant Davies captained the side in four games. The two Tests were lost by fifty point margins, although Davies did score a 90-metre try in the second. Davies was blamed in the media for the surprising Welsh defeat by Romania. As Llanelli placed pressure on him from the WRU to commit himself wholeheartedly to them, he decided for the best interests of his family to move to the rugby league team Widnes, who signed him for a record fee of £230,000. Davies was recruited into rugby league by Jim Mills and Doug Laughton. He would later return to rugby union. Rugby league Widnes Davies commenced his professional rugby league career during the 1989–90 Rugby Football League season with defending champions Widnes. He played for them as a in their 1989 World Club Challenge victory against the visiting Canberra Raiders. He was selected to play for Great Britain during the 1989–1992 Rugby League World Cup tournament. During the 1990–91 season Davies played left-, i.e. number 4, and scored 4 conversions in Widnes' 24-18 victory over Salford in the 1990 Lancashire Cup Final at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 29 September 1990. Canterbury Bulldogs In 1991 Davies took on a further challenge when he spent the summer in Sydney playing in the 1991 NSWRL season for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs. Davies played mostly as a for the Bulldogs who were struggling to make the Semi-finals. He made an impact with the 'Dogs, scoring 100 points in his 14 games for the club (7 tries, 36 goals), including a personal haul of 18 points (2 tries, 5 goals) in the last round of the season against Cronulla at Canterbury's home ground, Belmore Sports Ground. Needing a win to force a 5th place playoff with Western Suburbs, the Bulldogs got off to a slow start and Cronulla took a 16–0 half time lead. Canterbury scored 26 unanswered points in the second half to win 26–16. In the playoff with Wests, Davies first stint in Australia came to an end with Wests winning 19–14. Widnes Davies played , and scored a try, 3 conversions, and a drop goal in Widnes 24-0 victory over Leeds in the 1991–92 Regal Trophy Final during the 1991–92 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 11 January 1992. Warrington After Widnes got into financial difficulties, in 1993 he transferred to their local rivals Warrington. He was also named player of the 1993–94 season, winning the RFL's Man of Steel Award. During the 1994–95 Rugby Football League season Davies played , and scored a conversion in Warrington's 10-40 defeat by Wigan in the 1994–95 League Cup Final at Alfred McAlpine Stadium, Huddersfield on Saturday 28 January 1995. North Queensland Cowboys Davies again played in Australia when he signed with the newly-formed North Queensland Cowboys in 1995. He was unable to get out to Australia until midway through the 1995 Winfield Cup Premiership. He scored a full field try against the Newcastle Knights in Newcastle. International Davies captained Great Britain in the 30-12 win over France on 16 Feb 1992 in Perpignan. During his time in rugby league he represented both Great Britain and Wales, scoring a solo try in Great Britain's last victory over the Kangaroos at the old Wembley in 1994 where he sprinted 50 metres to score in the corner out-pacing Australian Brett Mullins. Although he left the field with a dislocated shoulder during the second half, his efforts in both attack and defence (which on the day saw him pull off two try saving tackles) saw him named as man of the match. However the shoulder injury would keep him out of the rest of The Ashes series (eventually won 2-1 by Australia) as well as prevent him from playing for Wales in a friendly against the Kangaroos in Cardiff. With the Rugby Football League splitting the Great Britain team into individual nations (Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland) from 1995, the test at Wembley would be the last time Davies would represent Great Britain in rugby league. Davies' last rugby league match was as captain of Wales against England in the 1995 World Cup Semi-final at Old Trafford, which Wales lost 25–10. Playing as a , Davies kicked 3 goals for Wales taking his total score for Wales to 21 points (10 goals, 1 field goal), all scored in the 1995 World Cup. Return to rugby union After the birth of daughter Geena in 1995, Davies' wife Karen was diagnosed with cancer. In need of family support, and as rugby union had turned professional, Davies went back to South Wales and signed to play for Cardiff RFC. On a guest appearance on A Question of Sport in 1995 he was asked what the biggest change was after returning to rugby union. Davies replied: "It's the first time I've been cold for seven years. I was never cold playing rugby league." In 1996, Davies was awarded an MBE and went with his family to Buckingham Palace to collect his award. In 1997, his wife Karen died. After rugby Since retiring from rugby, Davies has worked in the media as a commentator and pundit in both codes, mainly for the BBC in both the English and Welsh languages. Since 2004 Davies has hosted his own rugby themed chatshow, Jonathan, on S4C, usually before Welsh international matches. Davies was also the President of Super League side Crusaders, until 2009, when he was replaced by David Watkins. He is a supporter of the Wooden Spoon charity. In 2015 Davies was awarded the OBE for his charitable services to people with cancer through his role as president of Cardiff's Velindre Cancer Centre. He has raised the Centre's profile as well as raising more than £10 million. Playing records References Further reading External links !Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk (statistics currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain, and England) (archived by web.archive.org) Profile at BBC Wales 1962 births Living people BBC sports presenters and reporters British rugby league administrators Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players Cardiff RFC players Crawshays RFC players Dual-code rugby internationals Great Britain national rugby league team captains Great Britain national rugby league team players Llanelli RFC players Neath RFC players North Queensland Cowboys players Officers of the Order of the British Empire Rugby league centres Rugby league commentators Rugby league five-eighths Rugby league fullbacks Rugby league players from Carmarthenshire Rugby league wingers Rugby union players from Trimsaran Wales international rugby union players Wales national rugby league team captains Wales national rugby league team players Wales rugby union captains Warrington Wolves players Welsh rugby league commentators Welsh rugby league players Welsh rugby union commentators Welsh rugby union players Welsh television presenters Welsh-language television presenters Widnes Vikings players

<mask>, OBE (born 24 October 1962) is a Welsh former rugby player who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and who represented Wales in both rugby union and rugby league. A goal-kicking backline player, he played his club rugby in Wales, England and Australia. <mask> has since become a television commentator for both codes and media personality, in both the Welsh and English languages. Biography <mask> was born in Trimsaran, Carmarthenshire on 24 October 1962, the son of Diana and <mask>, who worked in Trostre, Llanelli. <mask> started school at Trimsaran Primary School, where he was part of the Welsh medium class. His teacher <mask> introduced him to rugby, and he started playing Sevens. Although he did not have the strong physique for the contact sport, his talent and flair for the game was recognised by many, including local great Carwyn James.He attended Gwendraeth Grammar School, where he met his first wife Karen Hopkins, whom he married ten years later. Rugby union In 1974 <mask> played for the very first time at Cardiff Arms Park, when he was chosen for the West Wales Under 12s. He started his career at amateur level with Trimsaran RFC. His father Len had also played for and captained Trimsaran Rugby Club. Age 17, <mask> left school and became an apprentice painter and decorator. After developing at Trimsaran, he was given a trial with Llanelli but was rejected. Neath gave him another chance and he signed with them in 1982, selected to play at fly-half.After 35 games for Neath, <mask> was selected to play for Wales, against England at the Cardiff Arms Park. After scoring a try and a drop goal, <mask> was named Man of the Match in the Welsh victory. He was made captain at Neath before being transferred to Llanelli. In 1988 <mask> played a part in the Triple Crown success for Wales and between 1985 and 1997 he won 37 rugby union caps. Injuries during the 1988 New Zealand tour meant <mask> captained the side in four games. The two Tests were lost by fifty point margins, although <mask> did score a 90-metre try in the second. <mask> was blamed in the media for the surprising Welsh defeat by Romania.As Llanelli placed pressure on him from the WRU to commit himself wholeheartedly to them, he decided for the best interests of his family to move to the rugby league team Widnes, who signed him for a record fee of £230,000. <mask> was recruited into rugby league by Jim Mills and Doug Laughton. He would later return to rugby union. Rugby league Widnes <mask> commenced his professional rugby league career during the 1989–90 Rugby Football League season with defending champions Widnes. He played for them as a in their 1989 World Club Challenge victory against the visiting Canberra Raiders. He was selected to play for Great Britain during the 1989–1992 Rugby League World Cup tournament. During the 1990–91 season <mask> played left-, i.e.number 4, and scored 4 conversions in Widnes' 24-18 victory over Salford in the 1990 Lancashire Cup Final at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 29 September 1990. Canterbury Bulldogs In 1991 <mask> took on a further challenge when he spent the summer in Sydney playing in the 1991 NSWRL season for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs. <mask> played mostly as a for the Bulldogs who were struggling to make the Semi-finals. He made an impact with the 'Dogs, scoring 100 points in his 14 games for the club (7 tries, 36 goals), including a personal haul of 18 points (2 tries, 5 goals) in the last round of the season against Cronulla at Canterbury's home ground, Belmore Sports Ground. Needing a win to force a 5th place playoff with Western Suburbs, the Bulldogs got off to a slow start and Cronulla took a 16–0 half time lead. Canterbury scored 26 unanswered points in the second half to win 26–16. In the playoff with Wests, <mask> first stint in Australia came to an end with Wests winning 19–14.Widnes <mask> played , and scored a try, 3 conversions, and a drop goal in Widnes 24-0 victory over Leeds in the 1991–92 Regal Trophy Final during the 1991–92 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 11 January 1992. Warrington After Widnes got into financial difficulties, in 1993 he transferred to their local rivals Warrington. He was also named player of the 1993–94 season, winning the RFL's Man of Steel Award. During the 1994–95 Rugby Football League season <mask> played , and scored a conversion in Warrington's 10-40 defeat by Wigan in the 1994–95 League Cup Final at Alfred McAlpine Stadium, Huddersfield on Saturday 28 January 1995. North Queensland Cowboys <mask> again played in Australia when he signed with the newly-formed North Queensland Cowboys in 1995. He was unable to get out to Australia until midway through the 1995 Winfield Cup Premiership. He scored a full field try against the Newcastle Knights in Newcastle.International <mask> captained Great Britain in the 30-12 win over France on 16 Feb 1992 in Perpignan. During his time in rugby league he represented both Great Britain and Wales, scoring a solo try in Great Britain's last victory over the Kangaroos at the old Wembley in 1994 where he sprinted 50 metres to score in the corner out-pacing Australian Brett Mullins. Although he left the field with a dislocated shoulder during the second half, his efforts in both attack and defence (which on the day saw him pull off two try saving tackles) saw him named as man of the match. However the shoulder injury would keep him out of the rest of The Ashes series (eventually won 2-1 by Australia) as well as prevent him from playing for Wales in a friendly against the Kangaroos in Cardiff. With the Rugby Football League splitting the Great Britain team into individual nations (Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland) from 1995, the test at Wembley would be the last time <mask> would represent Great Britain in rugby league. <mask>' last rugby league match was as captain of Wales against England in the 1995 World Cup Semi-final at Old Trafford, which Wales lost 25–10. Playing as a , <mask> kicked 3 goals for Wales taking his total score for Wales to 21 points (10 goals, 1 field goal), all scored in the 1995 World Cup.Return to rugby union After the birth of daughter Geena in 1995, <mask>' wife Karen was diagnosed with cancer. In need of family support, and as rugby union had turned professional, <mask> went back to South Wales and signed to play for Cardiff RFC. On a guest appearance on A Question of Sport in 1995 he was asked what the biggest change was after returning to rugby union. <mask> replied: "It's the first time I've been cold for seven years. I was never cold playing rugby league." In 1996, <mask> was awarded an MBE and went with his family to Buckingham Palace to collect his award. In 1997, his wife Karen died.After rugby Since retiring from rugby, <mask> has worked in the media as a commentator and pundit in both codes, mainly for the BBC in both the English and Welsh languages. Since 2004 <mask> has hosted his own rugby themed chatshow, <mask>, on S4C, usually before Welsh international matches. <mask> was also the President of Super League side Crusaders, until 2009, when he was replaced by David Watkins. He is a supporter of the Wooden Spoon charity. In 2015 <mask> was awarded the OBE for his charitable services to people with cancer through his role as president of Cardiff's Velindre Cancer Centre. He has raised the Centre's profile as well as raising more than £10 million. Playing records References Further reading External links !Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk (statistics currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain, and England) (archived by web.archive.org) Profile at BBC Wales 1962 births Living people BBC sports presenters and reporters British rugby league administrators Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players Cardiff RFC players Crawshays RFC players Dual-code rugby internationals Great Britain national rugby league team captains Great Britain national rugby league team players Llanelli RFC players Neath RFC players North Queensland Cowboys players Officers of the Order of the British Empire Rugby league centres Rugby league commentators Rugby league five-eighths Rugby league fullbacks Rugby league players from Carmarthenshire Rugby league wingers Rugby union players from Trimsaran Wales international rugby union players Wales national rugby league team captains Wales national rugby league team players Wales rugby union captains Warrington Wolves players Welsh rugby league commentators Welsh rugby league players Welsh rugby union commentators Welsh rugby union players Welsh television presenters Welsh-language television presenters Widnes Vikings players

<mask> is a Welsh former rugby player who played in the 1980s and 1990s and represented Wales in both rugby union and rugby league. He played club rugby in Wales, England and Australia. <mask> is a television commentator in both the Welsh and English languages. <mask> was the son of Diana and <mask>, who worked in Trostre, Llanelli. <mask> was in the Welsh medium class at Trimsaran Primary School. He started playing Sevens after his teacher introduced him to rugby. Carwyn James recognised his talent and flair for the game despite his lack of strength for the contact sport.He met his first wife at Gwendraeth Grammar School. <mask> played rugby for the first time in 1974 when he was selected for the West Wales Under 12s. He began his career at an amateur level. His father was the captain of Trimsaran Rugby Club. <mask>. He was selected to play at fly-half after Neath gave him another chance.After 35 games for Neath, <mask> was selected to play for Wales against England. <mask> was named the Man of the Match after scoring a try and a drop goal. He was transferred to Llanelli after being made captain at Neath. Between 1985 and 1997 <mask> won 37 rugby union caps and played a part in the Triple Crown success for Wales. <mask> captained the side in four games during the New Zealand tour. <mask> scored a 90-metre try in the second but the Tests were lost by fifty point margins. The media blamed <mask> for the Welsh defeat.As Llanelli put pressure on him to commit himself to them, he decided for the best interests of his family to move to the rugby league team who signed him for a record fee. Jim Mills and Doug Laughton recruited <mask> into rugby league. He went back to rugby union. During the 1989–90 Rugby Football League season, <mask> began his professional rugby league career. He played in their 1989 World Club Challenge victory. During the Rugby League World Cup tournament, he was selected to play for Great Britain. <mask> played left in the 90s.In the 1990 Lancashire Cup Final at Central Park, Wigan, the number 4 and 4 conversions scored 4 conversions. <mask> spent the summer of 1991 in Sydney playing for the Canterbury-Bankstown Dogs in the New South WalesRL. <mask> was a part of the team that was trying to make the Semi-finals. He scored 100 points in 14 games for the 'Dogs, including a personal haul of 18 points in the last round of the season against the Sharks at Belmore Sports Ground. Needing a win to force a 5th place playoff with Western Suburbs, the Dogs got off to a slow start and were down 16–0 at the half. In the second half, Canterbury scored 26 unanswered points. <mask>' first stint in Australia came to an end in the playoff with Wests.In the 1991– 92 season at Central Park, Wigan, Widnes <mask> scored a try, 3 conversions, and a drop goal in a 24-0 victory over Leeds. In 1993 he transferred to their local rivals. He won the RFL's Man of Steel Award during the 1993–94 season. The 1994–95 Rugby Football League season ended with a 10-40 defeat by Wigan in the League Cup Final at Alfred McAlpine Stadium. <mask> moved to Australia in 1995 to play for the newly formed North QUEENSLAND COWBOYS. He wasn't able to go to Australia until midway through the 1995 Winfield Cup. He scored a try against the Knights.Great Britain defeated France 30-12 on February 16, 1992 in Perpignan. He scored a solo try in Great Britain's last victory over the Aussies at the old Wembley in 1994 where he sprinted 50 metres to score in the corner. Although he left the field with a shoulder injury in the second half, his efforts in both attack and defence saw him named the man of the match. He wouldn't be able to play for Wales in a friendly against the Aussies in Wales because of the shoulder injury. With the Rugby Football League splitting the Great Britain team into individual nations from 1995, the test at Wembley would be the last time <mask> would represent Great Britain in rugby league. Wales lost to England in the 1995 World Cup Semi-Final at Old Trafford, which was <mask>' last rugby league match. <mask> scored in the 1995 World Cup for Wales with 10 goals and one field goal, taking his total score for Wales to 21 points.<mask>' wife was diagnosed with cancer after the birth of her daughter. In need of family support, <mask> went back to South Wales and joined the rugby union team. He was asked what the biggest change was after he returned to rugby union. <mask> said it was the first time he had been cold in seven years. I was not cold playing rugby league. <mask> and his family went to Buckingham Palace in 1996 to collect his award. Karen died in 1997.Since retiring from rugby, <mask> has worked in the media as a commentator and pundit for both the English and Welsh languages. Usually before Welsh international matches, <mask> hosts his own rugby themed chatshow, <mask>, on S4C. David Watkins replaced <mask> as President of the Crusaders in 2009. He supports the Wooden Spoon charity. <mask> was honoured for his services to people with cancer through his role as president of the Velindre Cancer Centre. He has raised more than $10 million for the Centre. Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk is currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain and England.

31638254

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%27Norris%20Searcy

Da'Norris Searcy

Da'Norris Searcy (born November 16, 1988) is a former American football safety. He played college football for the University of North Carolina Tar Heels and was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fourth round of the 2011 NFL Draft. High school career Searcy attended Towers High School, where he was a two way standout at both defensive back and running back. He recorded 71 tackles, including 21 solo stops, eight tackles for losses and three sacks, as a senior. He also rushed for 1,607 yards and 16 touchdowns as a senior. In track & field, Searcy recorded personal-best times of 11.18 seconds in the 100m and 23.31 seconds in the 200m. Considered only a two-star recruit by Rivals.com, Searcy had quite a lot of offers from top BCS schools including Florida, Virginia Tech and Ole Miss. However, he ultimately decided to attend North Carolina and play for the Tar Heels. College career In 2007, he was one of 11 true freshmen to see action. He played in all 12 games primarily on special teams. In 2008, he played primarily on special teams and as a reserve safety. He played in all 13 games and finished the season with 25 tackles, two sacks and three pass breakups. In 2009, he moved into the starting safety spot and also served as Carolina's starting punt returner. He finished the season with 35 tackles and had one interception, three pass breakups and returned seven kickoffs for an average of 23.1 yards. As a senior in 2010, he started nine of 10 games. He missed the first three games of the year while Carolina worked with the NCAA to determine his eligibility after violations, mostly receiving improper benefits committed by Searcy and other players part of the football program. He returned to the team, and recorded 37 tackles, including two for losses, and a team high 4 interceptions. Professional career Searcy attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis and completed all of the combine and positional drills. On March 31, 2011, Searcy participated at North Carolina's pro day and attempted to improve his 40-yard dash (4.50s), 20-yard dash (2.68s), 10-yard dash (1.62s), and broad jump (10'5"). At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Searcy was projected to be a third or fourth round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the second best strong safety in the draft by DraftScout.com. Buffalo Bills The Buffalo Bills selected Searcy in the fourth round (100th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft. Searcy was the fourth safety drafted in 2011. 2011 On July 29, 2011, the Buffalo Bills signed Searcy to a four-year, $2.52 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $484,424. Throughout training camp, Searcy competed to be the starting strong safety against George Wilson and Bryan Scott. Head coach Chan Gailey named Searcy the third strong safety on the Bills' depth chart to start the regular season, behind George Wilson and Bryan Scott. He made his professional regular season debut in the Buffalo Bills' season-opening 41–7 victory at the Kansas City Chiefs season. On September 18, 2011, Searcy deflected a pass and made his first career interception in the Bills' 38–35 win against the Oakland Raiders in Week 2. Searcy intercepted a pass by quarterback Jason Campbell, that was originally intended for wide receiver Denarius Moore, to seal the Bills' victory as time expired in the fourth quarter. On November 20, 2011, Searcy earned his first career sack after George Wilson injured his neck and missed three games (Weeks 11–13). He finished the Bills' 35–8 loss at the Miami Dolphins with a season-high 11 combined tackles (nine solo). In Week 13, he recorded nine combined tackles (six solo) in a 23–17 loss to the Tennessee Titans. He finished his rookie season in 2011 with 34 combined tackles (26 solo), a pass deflection, and an interception in 16 games and three starts. 2012 Searcy entered training camp slated as a backup safety. Defensive coordinator Dave Wannstedt retained Searcy as the backup safety, behind Jairus Byrd and George Wilson, to start the regular season. On December 9, 2012, he collected a season-high five combined tackles in the Bills' 15–12 loss to the St. Louis Rams in Week 14. Searcy was inactive during the Bills' Week 17 victory against the New York Jets due to a groin injury he suffered the previous week. On December 31, 2012, the Buffalo Bills fired head coach Chan Gailey after they finished the 2012 season with a 6–10 record. Searcy completed his second season with 39 combined tackles (26 solo), two forced fumbles, and a pass deflection in 15 games and zero starts. 2013 Defensive coordinator Mike Pettine held a competition to name a new strong safety between Searcy, Aaron Williams, and Duke Williams. The role became vacant after George Wilson departed for the Carolina Panthers in free agency. Head coach Doug Marrone named Searcy the starting strong safety to start the 2013 regular season, alongside free safety Aaron Williams. Searcy became the starter after Jairus Byrd was sidelined for the first six regular season games due to plantar fasciitis. He started in the Buffalo Bills' season-opener against the New England Patriots and recorded nine combined tackles, made his first career sack, and returned a fumble recovery for his first career touchdown in their 23–21 loss. Searcy made his first sack on quarterback Tom Brady for a five-yard loss in the second quarter. He also recovered a fumble by running back Stevan Ridley, after it was stripped by teammate Kiko Alonso, and returned it for a 74-yard touchdown in the second quarter. In Week 6, Searcy collected a career-high 16 combined tackles (13 solo) and sacked quarterback Andy Dalton for a ten-yard loss during the third quarter of the Bills' 27–24 victory against the Cincinnati Bengals. Searcy was demoted to backup strong safety behind Jairus Byrd in Week 8 and remained the backup for the remainder of the season. On November 17, 2013, Searcy deflected a pass and returned an interception for a touchdown during a 37–14 win against the New York Jets in Week 11. Searcy intercepted a pass by quarterback Geno Smith and returned it for a 32-yard touchdown in the third quarter. He finished the 2013 season with 71 combined tackles (48 solo), seven pass deflections, a career-high 3.5 sacks, two touchdowns, a fumble recovery, and an interception in 16 games and seven starts. 2014 The Buffalo Bills hired former Detroit Lions' head coach Jim Schwartz as the new defensive coordinator after Mike Pettine accepted the head coaching position with the Cleveland Browns. Schwartz held a competition between Searcy and Duke Williams during training camp after Jairus Byrd departed for the New Orleans Saints during free agency. Head coach Doug Marrone officially named Searcy the starting strong safety to start the regular season, along with free safety Aaron Williams. On November 30, 2014, Searcy recorded four combined tackles, three pass deflections, and intercepted two passes by quarterback Brian Hoyer during a 26–10 victory against the Cleveland Browns in Week 13. This marked Searcy's first multi-interception game of his career. Searcy was inactive for the Bills' Week 15 victory against the Green Bay Packers due to a hamstring injury. In Week 16, he collected a season-high 11 combined tackles (nine solo) in the Bills' 26–24 loss at the Oakland Raiders. He finished the 2014 season with 65 combined tackles (44 solo), five pass deflections, a forced fumble, and an interception in 15 games and 13 starts. Searcy became an unrestricted free agent after he completed his four-year contract with the Bills. Buffalo Bills' general manager Doug Whaley explained "Searcy is going to be a little challenging because we have paid Aaron Williams, and there's some money tied u in that position and Searcy may probably garner starting money at safety. That's going to be a little more challenging getting that done just because of the cap space used on that position." He received interest from multiple teams, including the Indianapolis Colts, Houston Texans, Oakland Raiders, and Miami Dolphins. Tennessee Titans On March 10, 2015, the Tennessee Titans signed Searcy to a four-year, $24 million contract with $10.50 million guaranteed. 2015 He entered training camp slated as the de facto strong safety. Head coach Ken Whisenhunt officially named Searcy the starting strong safety to start the 2015 regular season, alongside starting free safety Michael Griffin. On October 18, 2015, Searcy collected a season-high eight solo tackles and three pass deflections during a 38–10 victory against the Miami Dolphins in Week 6. On November 4, 2015, the Tennessee Titans fired head coach Ken Whisenhunt after they began the season with a 1–6 record. Assistant head coach/tight ends coach Mike Mularkey was named the interim head coach for the last nine games of the season. He was sidelined for the Titans' Week 15 loss at the New England Patriots after injuring his hamstring. He finished his first season with the Tennessee Titans with 55 combined tackles (42 solo), four pass deflections, an interception, and was credited with half a sack in 15 games and 15 starts. 2016 Head coach Mike Mularkey named Searcy the starting strong safety to start the regular season, alongside free safety Rashad Johnson. He started the Tennessee Titans' season-opener against the Minnesota Vikings and collected a season-high eight solo tackles and a pass deflection in their 25–16 loss. Searcy was inactive for two games (Weeks 4–5) due to a sprained ankle. In Week 12, Searcy made two combined tackles, two pass deflections, and made an interception in the Titans' 27–21 victory at the Chicago Bears. Searcy finished the season with 40 combined tackles (35 solo), six pass deflections, and an interception in 14 games and 14 starts. 2017 Throughout training camp, Searcy competed against Johnathan Cyprien to be the starting strong safety. Head coach Mike Mularkey named Searcy the backup strong safety to start the regular season, behind Johnathan Cyprien. Searcy started at strong safety for six games (Weeks 2–7) after Johnathan Cyprien sustained a hamstring injury during the Titans' season-opener. On September 17, 2017, Searcy recorded three combined tackles, deflected a pass, and intercepted a pass by quarterback Blake Bortles early in the third quarter of the Titans' 37–16 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 2. In Week 5, he collected a season-high five combined tackles and broke up a pass during a 16–10 loss at the Miami Dolphins. He finished the season with 26 combined tackles (15 solo), two pass deflections, and an interception in 16 games and six starts. Pro Football Focus gave Searcy an overall grade of 71.5, which ranked 38th among all qualifying safeties in 2017. On March 9, 2018, Searcy was released by the Titans. Carolina Panthers 2018 On March 23, 2018, the Carolina Panthers signed Searcy to a two-year, $5.70 million contract with a signing bonus of $1.30 million. On September 21, 2018, Searcy was placed on injured reserve after suffering a concussion in Week 2. On May 6, 2019, Searcy was released by the Panthers. Career Stats References External links Tennessee Titans bio Buffalo Bills bio 1988 births Living people People from Decatur, Georgia Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state) Sportspeople from DeKalb County, Georgia American football safeties North Carolina Tar Heels football players Buffalo Bills players Tennessee Titans players Carolina Panthers players

Da'<mask> (born November 16, 1988) is a former American football safety. He played college football for the University of North Carolina Tar Heels and was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fourth round of the 2011 NFL Draft. High school career Searcy attended Towers High School, where he was a two way standout at both defensive back and running back. He recorded 71 tackles, including 21 solo stops, eight tackles for losses and three sacks, as a senior. He also rushed for 1,607 yards and 16 touchdowns as a senior. In track & field, Searcy recorded personal-best times of 11.18 seconds in the 100m and 23.31 seconds in the 200m. Considered only a two-star recruit by Rivals.com, Searcy had quite a lot of offers from top BCS schools including Florida, Virginia Tech and Ole Miss.However, he ultimately decided to attend North Carolina and play for the Tar Heels. College career In 2007, he was one of 11 true freshmen to see action. He played in all 12 games primarily on special teams. In 2008, he played primarily on special teams and as a reserve safety. He played in all 13 games and finished the season with 25 tackles, two sacks and three pass breakups. In 2009, he moved into the starting safety spot and also served as Carolina's starting punt returner. He finished the season with 35 tackles and had one interception, three pass breakups and returned seven kickoffs for an average of 23.1 yards.As a senior in 2010, he started nine of 10 games. He missed the first three games of the year while Carolina worked with the NCAA to determine his eligibility after violations, mostly receiving improper benefits committed by Searcy and other players part of the football program. He returned to the team, and recorded 37 tackles, including two for losses, and a team high 4 interceptions. Professional career Searcy attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis and completed all of the combine and positional drills. On March 31, 2011, Searcy participated at North Carolina's pro day and attempted to improve his 40-yard dash (4.50s), 20-yard dash (2.68s), 10-yard dash (1.62s), and broad jump (10'5"). At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, <mask> was projected to be a third or fourth round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the second best strong safety in the draft by DraftScout.com.Buffalo Bills The Buffalo Bills selected <mask> in the fourth round (100th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft. Searcy was the fourth safety drafted in 2011. 2011 On July 29, 2011, the Buffalo Bills signed <mask> to a four-year, $2.52 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $484,424. Throughout training camp, Searcy competed to be the starting strong safety against George Wilson and Bryan Scott. Head coach Chan Gailey named <mask> the third strong safety on the Bills' depth chart to start the regular season, behind George Wilson and Bryan Scott. He made his professional regular season debut in the Buffalo Bills' season-opening 41–7 victory at the Kansas City Chiefs season. On September 18, 2011, <mask> deflected a pass and made his first career interception in the Bills' 38–35 win against the Oakland Raiders in Week 2.Searcy intercepted a pass by quarterback Jason Campbell, that was originally intended for wide receiver Denarius Moore, to seal the Bills' victory as time expired in the fourth quarter. On November 20, 2011, <mask> earned his first career sack after George Wilson injured his neck and missed three games (Weeks 11–13). He finished the Bills' 35–8 loss at the Miami Dolphins with a season-high 11 combined tackles (nine solo). In Week 13, he recorded nine combined tackles (six solo) in a 23–17 loss to the Tennessee Titans. He finished his rookie season in 2011 with 34 combined tackles (26 solo), a pass deflection, and an interception in 16 games and three starts. 2012 Searcy entered training camp slated as a backup safety. Defensive coordinator Dave Wannstedt retained <mask> as the backup safety, behind Jairus Byrd and George Wilson, to start the regular season.On December 9, 2012, he collected a season-high five combined tackles in the Bills' 15–12 loss to the St. Louis Rams in Week 14. <mask> was inactive during the Bills' Week 17 victory against the New York Jets due to a groin injury he suffered the previous week. On December 31, 2012, the Buffalo Bills fired head coach Chan Gailey after they finished the 2012 season with a 6–10 record. <mask> completed his second season with 39 combined tackles (26 solo), two forced fumbles, and a pass deflection in 15 games and zero starts. 2013 Defensive coordinator Mike Pettine held a competition to name a new strong safety between <mask>, Aaron Williams, and Duke Williams. The role became vacant after George Wilson departed for the Carolina Panthers in free agency. Head coach Doug Marrone named <mask> the starting strong safety to start the 2013 regular season, alongside free safety Aaron Williams.<mask> became the starter after Jairus Byrd was sidelined for the first six regular season games due to plantar fasciitis. He started in the Buffalo Bills' season-opener against the New England Patriots and recorded nine combined tackles, made his first career sack, and returned a fumble recovery for his first career touchdown in their 23–21 loss. Searcy made his first sack on quarterback Tom Brady for a five-yard loss in the second quarter. He also recovered a fumble by running back Stevan Ridley, after it was stripped by teammate Kiko Alonso, and returned it for a 74-yard touchdown in the second quarter. In Week 6, Searcy collected a career-high 16 combined tackles (13 solo) and sacked quarterback Andy Dalton for a ten-yard loss during the third quarter of the Bills' 27–24 victory against the Cincinnati Bengals. <mask> was demoted to backup strong safety behind Jairus Byrd in Week 8 and remained the backup for the remainder of the season. On November 17, 2013, Searcy deflected a pass and returned an interception for a touchdown during a 37–14 win against the New York Jets in Week 11.<mask> intercepted a pass by quarterback Geno Smith and returned it for a 32-yard touchdown in the third quarter. He finished the 2013 season with 71 combined tackles (48 solo), seven pass deflections, a career-high 3.5 sacks, two touchdowns, a fumble recovery, and an interception in 16 games and seven starts. 2014 The Buffalo Bills hired former Detroit Lions' head coach Jim Schwartz as the new defensive coordinator after Mike Pettine accepted the head coaching position with the Cleveland Browns. Schwartz held a competition between <mask> and Duke Williams during training camp after Jairus Byrd departed for the New Orleans Saints during free agency. Head coach Doug Marrone officially named <mask> the starting strong safety to start the regular season, along with free safety Aaron Williams. On November 30, 2014, Searcy recorded four combined tackles, three pass deflections, and intercepted two passes by quarterback Brian Hoyer during a 26–10 victory against the Cleveland Browns in Week 13. This marked <mask>'s first multi-interception game of his career.<mask> was inactive for the Bills' Week 15 victory against the Green Bay Packers due to a hamstring injury. In Week 16, he collected a season-high 11 combined tackles (nine solo) in the Bills' 26–24 loss at the Oakland Raiders. He finished the 2014 season with 65 combined tackles (44 solo), five pass deflections, a forced fumble, and an interception in 15 games and 13 starts. <mask> became an unrestricted free agent after he completed his four-year contract with the Bills. Buffalo Bills' general manager Doug Whaley explained "Searcy is going to be a little challenging because we have paid Aaron Williams, and there's some money tied u in that position and Searcy may probably garner starting money at safety. That's going to be a little more challenging getting that done just because of the cap space used on that position." He received interest from multiple teams, including the Indianapolis Colts, Houston Texans, Oakland Raiders, and Miami Dolphins.Tennessee Titans On March 10, 2015, the Tennessee Titans signed <mask> to a four-year, $24 million contract with $10.50 million guaranteed. 2015 He entered training camp slated as the de facto strong safety. Head coach Ken Whisenhunt officially named <mask> the starting strong safety to start the 2015 regular season, alongside starting free safety Michael Griffin. On October 18, 2015, <mask> collected a season-high eight solo tackles and three pass deflections during a 38–10 victory against the Miami Dolphins in Week 6. On November 4, 2015, the Tennessee Titans fired head coach Ken Whisenhunt after they began the season with a 1–6 record. Assistant head coach/tight ends coach Mike Mularkey was named the interim head coach for the last nine games of the season. He was sidelined for the Titans' Week 15 loss at the New England Patriots after injuring his hamstring.He finished his first season with the Tennessee Titans with 55 combined tackles (42 solo), four pass deflections, an interception, and was credited with half a sack in 15 games and 15 starts. 2016 Head coach Mike Mularkey named Searcy the starting strong safety to start the regular season, alongside free safety Rashad Johnson. He started the Tennessee Titans' season-opener against the Minnesota Vikings and collected a season-high eight solo tackles and a pass deflection in their 25–16 loss. Searcy was inactive for two games (Weeks 4–5) due to a sprained ankle. In Week 12, Searcy made two combined tackles, two pass deflections, and made an interception in the Titans' 27–21 victory at the Chicago Bears. Searcy finished the season with 40 combined tackles (35 solo), six pass deflections, and an interception in 14 games and 14 starts. 2017 Throughout training camp, Searcy competed against Johnathan Cyprien to be the starting strong safety.Head coach Mike Mularkey named <mask> the backup strong safety to start the regular season, behind Johnathan Cyprien. Searcy started at strong safety for six games (Weeks 2–7) after Johnathan Cyprien sustained a hamstring injury during the Titans' season-opener. On September 17, 2017, Searcy recorded three combined tackles, deflected a pass, and intercepted a pass by quarterback Blake Bortles early in the third quarter of the Titans' 37–16 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 2. In Week 5, he collected a season-high five combined tackles and broke up a pass during a 16–10 loss at the Miami Dolphins. He finished the season with 26 combined tackles (15 solo), two pass deflections, and an interception in 16 games and six starts. Pro Football Focus gave Searcy an overall grade of 71.5, which ranked 38th among all qualifying safeties in 2017. On March 9, 2018, Searcy was released by the Titans.Carolina Panthers 2018 On March 23, 2018, the Carolina Panthers signed <mask> to a two-year, $5.70 million contract with a signing bonus of $1.30 million. On September 21, 2018, <mask> was placed on injured reserve after suffering a concussion in Week 2. On May 6, 2019, <mask> was released by the Panthers. Career Stats References External links Tennessee Titans bio Buffalo Bills bio 1988 births Living people People from Decatur, Georgia Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state) Sportspeople from DeKalb County, Georgia American football safeties North Carolina Tar Heels football players Buffalo Bills players Tennessee Titans players Carolina Panthers players

Da'<mask> is a former American football safety. He played college football for the University of North Carolina Tar Heels and was drafted by the Buffalo Bills. Searcy excelled at both defensive back and running back in high school. As a senior, he recorded 71 tackles, including 21 solo stops, eight tackles for losses, and three sacks. He had 1,607 yards and 16 touchdown as a senior. Searcy had personal-best times in the 100m and 200m. Searcy was only a two-star recruit by Rivals.com, but he had a lot of offers from top schools.He chose to attend North Carolina and play for the Tar Heels. He was one of 11 true freshmen to see action in 2007. He played on special teams in all 12 games. He played on special teams and as a reserve safety in 2008. He played in all 13 games and finished with 25 tackles, two sacks and three pass breakups. He served as Carolina's starting punt returner in 2009, after moving into the starting safety spot. He returned seven kickoffs for an average of 23.1 yards and finished the season with 35 tackles.He started nine of 10 games as a senior. He missed the first three games of the year while Carolina worked with the NCAA to determine his eligibility after violations, mostly receiving improper benefits committed by Searcy and other players part of the football program. He returned to the team and recorded 37 tackles, two for losses, and a team high 4 picks. Searcy completed all of the drills at the combine. Searcy tried to improve his 40-yard dash, 20-yard dash, 10-yard dash, and broad jump at North Carolina's pro day on March 31, 2011. Searcy was projected to be a third or fourth round pick at the conclusion of the pre-draft process. He was the second best strong safety in the draft.<mask> was selected by the Buffalo Bills in the fourth round. <mask> was drafted in 2011. The Buffalo Bills signed <mask> to a four-year, $2.52 million contract on July 29, 2011. Searcy was competing to be the starting strong safety against George Wilson and Bryan Scott. <mask> is the third strong safety on the Bills' depth chart, behind George Wilson and Bryan Scott. He made his professional regular season debut in the Buffalo Bills' victory over the Kansas City Chiefs. <mask> made his first career pick-six in the Bills' 38–35 win against the Oakland Raiders in Week 2.As time expired in the fourth quarter, Searcy picked off a pass intended for Denarius Moore and sealed the Bills' victory. Searcy was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He finished the Bills' 35–8 loss at the Miami Dolphins with a season-high 11 tackles. He recorded nine combined tackles in the loss to Tennessee. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Searcy was supposed to be a backup safety. Searcy was retained as the backup safety to start the season.He had a season-high five tackles in the Bills' loss to the Rams. Searcy missed the Bills' Week 17 victory against the New York Jets due to a groin injury. The Buffalo Bills fired head coach Chan Gailey on December 31, 2012 after they finished the 2012 season with a 6–10 record. Searcy was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Mike Pettine held a competition to name a new strong safety. The role became vacant after George Wilson left for Carolina. Searcy was named the starting strong safety by Doug Marrone.Jairus Byrd was out for the first six regular season games due to a foot injury. He made his first career sack, made his first career tackle, and returned a fumbled punt for a touchdown in the Buffalo Bills' season opener against New England. <mask> sacked Brady for the first time in the second quarter. He scored on a 74-yard touchdown after recovering a fumbled ball and returning it for a score in the second quarter. Searcy had a career-high 16 combined tackles (13 solo) and sacked Andy Dalton for a ten-yard loss in the third quarter of the Bills' 27– 24 victory against Cincinnati. <mask> remained the backup strong safety for the rest of the season after he was demoted in Week 8. During the Week 11 game against the New York Jets, Searcy forced a pass and returned it for a touchdown.<mask> returned a Geno Smith pass for a touchdown in the third quarter. He had a career-high 3.5 sacks in 16 games and seven starts, and he finished the season with 71 combined tackles. After Mike Pettine accepted the head coaching position with the Cleveland Browns, the Buffalo Bills hired former Detroit Lions' head coach Jim Schwartz. Schwartz held a competition between <mask> and Duke Williams during training camp after Jairus Byrd left for the New Orleans Saints. Searcy was named the starting strong safety by Doug Marrone. Searcy recorded four combined tackles, three pass deflections, and two intercepts in a 26–10 victory against the Cleveland Browns in Week 13 of the season. Searcy's first multi-Interception game was this one.<mask> did not play for the Bills in their Week 15 victory against the Green Bay Packers. He had a season-high 11 combined tackles in the Bills' loss to the Oakland Raiders in Week 16. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 After four years with the Bills, Searcy became an unrestricted free agent. The general manager of the Buffalo Bills said that Searcy is going to be a challenge because of the fact that he has been paid by the Bills. It's going to be difficult to get that done because of the cap space used on that position. The Indianapolis Colts, Houston Texans, Oakland Raiders, and Miami Dolphins were all interested in him.Searcy signed a four-year, $24 million contract with the TennesseeTitans on March 10, 2015. He entered the training camp as a strong safety. Ken Whisenhunt named Searcy the starting strong safety to start the season. Searcy had a season-high eight solo tackles and three pass deflections in a 38–10 victory against the Miami Dolphins in Week 6. Tennessee fired head coach Ken Whisenhunt on November 4, 2015, after they began the season with a 1–6 record. Mike Mularkey was named the interim head coach for the last nine games of the season. He missed theTitans' Week 15 loss at New England due to an injury.He was credited with half a sack in 15 games and 15 starts and finished his first season with Tennessee with 55 combined tackles. <mask> was named the starting strong safety by Mike Mularkey. In Tennessee's 25–16 loss to the Minnesota Vikings, he started the game and collected a season-high eight solo tackles. Searcy was out for two games due to an ankle injury. In Week 12 of the season, Searcy made two combined tackles, two pass deflections, and an intercept in the win over the Bears. Searcy was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Searcy was the starting strong safety in training camp.<mask> will be the backup strong safety to start the season. Searcy started at strong safety for the first six games of the season. Searcy recorded three combined tackles and an intercept in the third quarter of theTitans' 37–16 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 2. He had a season-high five tackles and broke up a pass in the loss to the Miami Dolphins. He finished the season with 26 combined tackles (15 solo), two pass deflections, and an intercept in 16 games and six starts. <mask> was given an overall grade of 71.5 by Pro Football Focus, which ranked him 38th among all qualified safeties. <mask> was released by theTitans.Searcy signed a two-year, $5.70 million contract with a signing bonus of over $1 million. Searcy was placed on injured reserve after suffering a concussion. Searcy was released on May 6, 2019. People from Decatur, Georgia are players of American football from the U.S. state.

1908114

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Tsang

Eric Tsang

Eric Tsang Chi-wai or Amp Van (; born 14 April 1953) is a Hong Kong actor, film director, producer, and television host, best known for hosting the variety show Super Trio series on the Hong Kong television network TVB over 18 years. He now holds the general manager post at TVB. Early life Tsang is a Hakka of Wuhua ancestry. His father, Tsang Kai-wing, was a former football coach and player, then served in the Royal Hong Kong Police Force from 1940 to 1972. He fled to Taiwan to escape from the Independent Commission Against Corruption in 1976 after being convicted of corruption and sentenced to three years in jail, while still free pending an appeal. In 2001, the Department of Justice seized his house in La Salle Road and later auctioned it for HK$4.35 million after 10 years of civil proceedings. Tsang Kai-wing died in Taiwan in 2011 with his son Eric and other family members around him. Tsang is a cousin of former Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Frederick Ma. In his youth, Tsang was a Hong Kong professional soccer player. Career Tsang began his show business career as a stuntman. Due to his popularity, Tsang is often the master of ceremonies (MC) in events organised by the Hong Kong television network TVB; due to him being the main host of the variety show Super Trio series, he was nicknamed "Prize Master" (), his title in the show. In the 1980s and 1990s, he made parody comedy cassette tapes with songwriter, actor, and comedian Andrew Lam Man Chung. Tsang's singing vocal range is a tenor with no falsetto. He is known for being a short plump guy with a habit of speaking before thinking, often landing himself into hot water. His insults have led to him being assaulted by rumored triads over bad mouthing singer Joey Yung. As an MC in the Miss Chinese International Pageant, he often favours contestants in Hong Kong. Tsang has appeared as an actor in many successful Hong Kong films, gaining awards and nominations. Early on in his career, he was typecast as a bumbling, ugly, and crude sidekick, and it was not until encouragement from his daughter Bowie Tsang to stop doing comedic roles that he went on to star in a film with friend Alan Tam and was awarded a Hong Kong best actor award. Perry Lam, a cinema critic from Muse, wrote that Tsang 'brings directness, straightness and a lack of nonsense to whatever role he plays, and occasionally demonstrates an uncanny ability to enter the egoless states of which only the greatest of character actors like Robert Duvall are capable.' Tsang has also been an occasional singer. Despite his high-pitched voice, he sings his parodies and theme songs to variety shows in a low-range tenor or high-range baritone of 2 octaves. In January 2021, Tsang was appointed TVB's deputy general manager and special advisor to the executive committee and will be responsible for the variety show and infotainment program segment. Tsang was involved in the Miss Hong Kong 2021 audition process. Personal life Tsang is a devout Buddhist, often leading other actors in efforts to raise money for Hong Kong Buddhist temples and events. Tsang's best friends are Natalis Chan and Alan Tam, who are also famous singers and actors from Hong Kong. Tsang has been close friends with Tam's family since childhood as their fathers were colleagues in the police force and played football together. Tsang has been married twice. His first marriage was to Taiwanese actress Wang Mei Hua (王美華) in 1972 and they had two daughters, Bowie Tsang and Tsang Wing Yee. They divorced in 1975. Wang brought their eldest daughter back to Taiwan, while their younger daughter moved to Canada. His second marriage was to Rebecca Chu (朱錫珍) in 1989 and they had two sons, Derek Tsang, the director of Better Days, and Mark Tsang. Chu and their two sons later immigrated to Toronto, Canada without Tsang, who chose to stay in Hong Kong and they have had in a long-distance relationship since then. On 21 April 2013, the Hong Kong 3 Weekly Magazine reported that Tsang's current wife was named Sung Lai Wah (宋麗華) and they had lived apart for 20 years. This was dismissed by Bowie Tsang on the following day. In fact, Sung Lai Wah was the mother of Alan Kuo. Chu died of cancer on 3 August 2020 at the Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital. Sexual assault allegation In December 2013, Next Magazine published an anonymously-produced interview with actress Yammie Lam where she said that she had been raped by two Hong Kong entertainment industry "big brothers" 20 years ago. According to Lam, one of the individuals had died not long ago, while the other individual is alive. She further claims that the second individual had raped her during a film production in Singapore. However, the names of the alleged perpetrators were censored out of the audio, which generated intense media speculation. It is not known who the interviewer was; in fact, the interviewer's voice shows evidence of having been digitally manipulated from a natural female voice to a male voice. In January 2018, a mainland Chinese journalist uploaded what is purported to be an uncensored recording of Yammie Lam's 2013 interview. In the new 2018 clip, the interviewer now has a natural female voice, and the formerly censored portions implicate Alan Tang (deceased in 2011) and Eric Tsang as the two alleged rapists of Lam. Media analysts have endorsed the authenticity of the newly released video; they note that the 2018 video did not have noise removal or other post-production traces that are observed in the publicly released 2013 clip; hence, whomever leaked the video must have had direct access to the original unedited video. Two days after the release of the January 2018 video, the sexual offense claim against Eric Tsang was corroborated by Grace Han, a talent agent who formerly headed the Ford Models agency in Asia. Han further alleged that Eric Tsang had sexually assaulted more than one woman, and claims to know of a specific incident in which a group of male Hong Kong celebrities, led by Tsang, allegedly drugged seven female models in a Hong Kong karaoke bar and raped six of them, while one girl escaped after she noticed the drugging. Han's Weibo post has since been deleted. Tsang rejected the authenticity of the uploaded video and denied Grace Han's allegation. A week after the allegations surfaced, Tsang filed a defamation lawsuit against Grace Han in the Hong Kong High Court, arranged for a press event, and announced that "punishment" is needed. Tsang further claimed to the media that he had already won a defamation lawsuit in 2006 on similar grounds, but independent media sources have not been able to corroborate this claim. Selected filmography The 14 Amazons (十四女英豪) (1972) (cameo) Tie jin gang da po zi yang guan (1974) Na Cha (1974) Zhong tai quan tan sheng si zhan (1974) Five Shaolin Masters (少林五祖) (1974) Kung Fu Stars (1975) Challenge of the Masters (陸阿采與黃飛鴻) (1976) The Dragon Lives Again (李三腳威震地獄門) (1977) Money Crazy (1977) The Iron-Fisted Monk (三德和尚與舂米六) (1977) Enter the Fat Dragon (肥龍過江) (1978) Warriors Two (贊先生與找錢華) (1978) By Hook or by Crook (鹹魚番生) (1980) The Bloody Tattoo (賊贓) (1980) All the Wrong Clues (鬼馬智多星) (1981) The Legend of the Owl (1981) Once Upon A Rainbow (1982) It Takes Two (難兄難弟) (1982) Till Death Do We Scare (1982) He Lives by Night (1982) Play Catch (1983) Aces Go Places 2 (最佳拍檔大顯神通) (1983) I Love Lolanto (1984) Carry On Wise Guy (1984) Heaven Can Help (1984) Beloved Daddy (1984) Double Trouble (1984) My Lucky Stars (福星高照) (1985) Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars (夏日福星) (1985) From the Great Beyond (1985) The Thirty Million Rush (橫財三千萬) (1985) Why Me? (何必有我) (1985) Those Merry Souls (時來運轉) (1985) Funny Triple (1985) Millionaire's Express (富貴列車) (1986) Strange Bedfellow (1986) Lucky Stars Go Places (最佳福星) (1986) The Romancing Star (精裝追女仔) (1987) It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World (富貴逼人) (1987) Trouble Couple (1987) Seven Years Itch (1987) Scared Stiff (小生夢驚魂) (1987) Final Victory (最後勝利) (1987) The Final Test (1987) Criminal Hunter (1988) Double Fattiness (雙肥臨門) (1988) Golden Swallow (1988) The Greatest Lover (1988) Force of the Dragon (1988) How to Pick Girls Up! (求愛敢死隊) (1988) Mr. Mistress (1988) The Other Half & the Other Half (1988) The Romancing Star II (精裝追女仔之2) (1988) Shyly Spirit (1988) The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (潘金蓮之前世今生) (1989) Eat a Bowl of Tea (1989) Fatal Vacation (安樂戰場) (1989) They Came to Rob Hong Kong (八寶奇兵) (1989) Code of Fortune (1989) It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World III (1989) Return of the Lucky Stars (1989) Lucky Guys (1989) Pedicab Driver (1989) Little Cop (1989) A Li Ba Ba (1989) Curry and Pepper (1990) The Last Blood (a.k.a. Hard Boiled 2) (1990) The Sniping (1990) The Banquet (1991) Alan and Eric Between Hello and Goodbye (1991) Ghost Punting (1991) The Tigers (1991) The Family Squad (1991) TV series Once Upon a Time a Hero in China (1992) Yes Madam '92: A Serious Shock (1992) Twin Dragons (1992) The Days of Being Dumb (1992) Handsome Siblings (1992) Yesteryou, Yesterme, Yesterday (1993) Drug Tiger (1993) Once a Cop (1993) Master Wong Vs. Master Wong (1993) Lady Super Cop (1993) 1993 Year's Love of Vampires (1993) Cheese 'n Ham (1993) Bogus Cops (1993) He's a Woman, She's a Man (1994) The New Legend of Shaolin (1994) Over the Rainbow Under the Skirt (1994) All of the Winners (1994) Switch Over (1994) The Age of Miracles (1995) Who's the Woman, Who's the Man? (1996) Those Were the Days (1996) Comrades: Almost a Love Story (1996) How to Meet the Lucky Stars (1996) Final Justice (1996) Yun cai zhi li xing (1996) as Himself Hold You Tight (1997) Hercules (1997) as Philoctetes (voice, Cantonese version) The Wedding Days (1997) Task Force (1997) Contract Killer (1998) Sleepless Town (1998) Anna Magdalena (1998) Hitman (1998) Fly Me to Polaris (1999) Gen-X Cops (1999) Liang Po Po: The Movie (1999) Metade Fumaca (1999) Gigolo of Chinese Hollywood (1999) I.Q. Dudettes (1999) When I Look Upon the Stars (1999) Wai Goh dik goo si (1999) Jiang hu: The Triad Zone (2000) And I Hate You So (2000) Merry-Go-Round (2001) Cop on a Mission (2001) as Boss Tin The Accidental Spy (2001) Fai chai tong mung (2001) Golden Chicken (2002) Infernal Affairs (2002) Troublesome Night 15 (2002) Frugal Game (2002) Three (2002) Partners (2002) No Problem 2 (2002) The Monkey King: Quest for the Sutra (2002, TV Series) Infernal Affairs II (2003) Fu bo (2003) Men Suddenly in Black (2003) Dragon Loaded 2003 (2003) City of SARS (2003) Blood Brothers (2004) Love Is a Many Stupid Thing (2004) PaPa Loves You (2004) In-Laws, Out-Laws (2004) Master Q: Incredible Pet Detective (2004) Infernal Affairs III (2004) One Stone and Two Birds (2005) Perhaps Love (2005) Mob Sister (2005) 2 Young (2005) Divergence (2005) Son of the Mask (2005) (Cantonese dub) It Had to Be You! (2005) A Wondrous Bet (2005) Colour of the Loyalty (2005) Bar Paradise (2005) Back to 2160 Hours (2005) Wo Hu (2006) The Tokyo Trial (2006) Men Suddenly in Black 2 (2006) Invisible Waves (2006) McDull, the Alumni (2006) Wo Hu (2006) The Jimmy Hat (2006) Dangerous Game (2007) Bullet and Brain (2007) Dragon Boys (2007) Big Movie (2007) Beauty and the 7 Beasts (2007) Simply Actors (2007) The Pye-Dog (2007) The Romantic Fool (2007) Claustrophobia (2008) Kung Fu Dunk (2008) Tea Fight (2008) The Moss (2008) Happy Funeral (2008) Lost Indulgence (2008) Kung Fu Cyborg (2009) Bodyguards and Assassins (2009) Miss Kicki (2009) Turning Point (2009) The Treasure Hunter (2009) The Legend of the Dancing Ninja (2010) Just Another Pandora's Box (2010) 72 Tenants of Prosperity (2010) Pandamen (2010) TV series Fugitive (2010) Lover's Discourse (2010) I Love Hong Kong (2011) Men Suddenly in Love (2011) The Killer Who Never Kills (2011) The Founding of a Party (2011) The Fortune Buddies (2011) Summer Love (2011) 72 Heroes (2011) Mural (2011) I Love Hong Kong 2012 (2012) Jack of All Trades (2012) Marry a Perfect Man (2012) Heroic Detective (2012) Mother Android II (2012) Holding Love (2012) I Love Hong Kong 2013 (2013) Princess and the Seven Kung Fu Masters (2013) Ip Man: The Final Fight (2013) 7 Assassins (2013) The Rooftop (2013) Hello Babies (2014) Horseplay (2014) Aberdeen (2014) Breaking the Waves (2014) Streets of Macao (2014) An Inspector Calls (2015) From Vegas to Macau II (2015) King of Mahjong (2015) Lucky Star 2015 (2015) You Are My Sunshine (2015) Monster Hunt (2015) Jian Bing Man (2015) Surprise (2015) Buddy Cops (2016) Skiptrace (2016) Papa Lanternes (2016) The Bat Night (2016) Mad World (2016) David Loman 2 (2016) Once Upon a Time in the Northeast (2017) Salut d'Amour remake (2017) The Adventurers Fighter of the Destiny (2017) Monster Hunt 2 (2018) Air Strike (2018) I Love You, You're Perfect, Now Change! (2019) Monkey King – The Volcano (2019) The Legend of Pig Warrior (2019) A City Called Macau (2019) The Last Thieves (2019) as Lin Ming-Yen Fox Hunting (2020) References External links Official Website of Star East Holdings Ltd., founded by Eric Tsang 1953 births Living people Hong Kong Buddhists Hong Kong male film actors Hong Kong film directors Hong Kong film presenters Hong Kong film producers Hong Kong people of Hakka descent People from Wuhua Hong Kong male television actors Hong Kong television presenters TVB actors Asian film producers 20th-century Hong Kong male actors 21st-century Hong Kong male actors Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2021–2026 Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2017–2021 The Amazing Race contestants

<mask>i or Amp Van (; born 14 April 1953) is a Hong Kong actor, film director, producer, and television host, best known for hosting the variety show Super Trio series on the Hong Kong television network TVB over 18 years. He now holds the general manager post at TVB. Early life <mask> is a Hakka of Wuhua ancestry. His father, <mask>-wing, was a former football coach and player, then served in the Royal Hong Kong Police Force from 1940 to 1972. He fled to Taiwan to escape from the Independent Commission Against Corruption in 1976 after being convicted of corruption and sentenced to three years in jail, while still free pending an appeal. In 2001, the Department of Justice seized his house in La Salle Road and later auctioned it for HK$4.35 million after 10 years of civil proceedings. <mask> died in Taiwan in 2011 with his son <mask> and other family members around him.<mask> is a cousin of former Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development Frederick Ma. In his youth, <mask> was a Hong Kong professional soccer player. Career <mask> began his show business career as a stuntman. Due to his popularity, <mask> is often the master of ceremonies (MC) in events organised by the Hong Kong television network TVB; due to him being the main host of the variety show Super Trio series, he was nicknamed "Prize Master" (), his title in the show. In the 1980s and 1990s, he made parody comedy cassette tapes with songwriter, actor, and comedian Andrew Lam Man Chung. <mask>'s singing vocal range is a tenor with no falsetto. He is known for being a short plump guy with a habit of speaking before thinking, often landing himself into hot water.His insults have led to him being assaulted by rumored triads over bad mouthing singer Joey Yung. As an MC in the Miss Chinese International Pageant, he often favours contestants in Hong Kong. <mask> has appeared as an actor in many successful Hong Kong films, gaining awards and nominations. Early on in his career, he was typecast as a bumbling, ugly, and crude sidekick, and it was not until encouragement from his daughter <mask> to stop doing comedic roles that he went on to star in a film with friend Alan Tam and was awarded a Hong Kong best actor award. Perry Lam, a cinema critic from Muse, wrote that <mask> 'brings directness, straightness and a lack of nonsense to whatever role he plays, and occasionally demonstrates an uncanny ability to enter the egoless states of which only the greatest of character actors like Robert Duvall are capable.' <mask> has also been an occasional singer. Despite his high-pitched voice, he sings his parodies and theme songs to variety shows in a low-range tenor or high-range baritone of 2 octaves.In January 2021, <mask> was appointed TVB's deputy general manager and special advisor to the executive committee and will be responsible for the variety show and infotainment program segment. <mask> was involved in the Miss Hong Kong 2021 audition process. Personal life <mask> is a devout Buddhist, often leading other actors in efforts to raise money for Hong Kong Buddhist temples and events. <mask>'s best friends are Natalis Chan and Alan Tam, who are also famous singers and actors from Hong Kong. <mask> has been close friends with Tam's family since childhood as their fathers were colleagues in the police force and played football together. <mask> has been married twice. His first marriage was to Taiwanese actress Wang Mei Hua (王美華) in 1972 and they had two daughters, <mask> and <mask> Wing Yee.They divorced in 1975. Wang brought their eldest daughter back to Taiwan, while their younger daughter moved to Canada. His second marriage was to Rebecca Chu (朱錫珍) in 1989 and they had two sons, <mask>, the director of Better Days, and <mask>. Chu and their two sons later immigrated to Toronto, Canada without <mask>, who chose to stay in Hong Kong and they have had in a long-distance relationship since then. On 21 April 2013, the Hong Kong 3 Weekly Magazine reported that <mask>'s current wife was named Sung Lai Wah (宋麗華) and they had lived apart for 20 years. This was dismissed by <mask> on the following day. In fact, Sung Lai Wah was the mother of Alan Kuo.Chu died of cancer on 3 August 2020 at the Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital. Sexual assault allegation In December 2013, Next Magazine published an anonymously-produced interview with actress Yammie Lam where she said that she had been raped by two Hong Kong entertainment industry "big brothers" 20 years ago. According to Lam, one of the individuals had died not long ago, while the other individual is alive. She further claims that the second individual had raped her during a film production in Singapore. However, the names of the alleged perpetrators were censored out of the audio, which generated intense media speculation. It is not known who the interviewer was; in fact, the interviewer's voice shows evidence of having been digitally manipulated from a natural female voice to a male voice. In January 2018, a mainland Chinese journalist uploaded what is purported to be an uncensored recording of Yammie Lam's 2013 interview.In the new 2018 clip, the interviewer now has a natural female voice, and the formerly censored portions implicate Alan Tang (deceased in 2011) and <mask> as the two alleged rapists of Lam. Media analysts have endorsed the authenticity of the newly released video; they note that the 2018 video did not have noise removal or other post-production traces that are observed in the publicly released 2013 clip; hence, whomever leaked the video must have had direct access to the original unedited video. Two days after the release of the January 2018 video, the sexual offense claim against <mask> was corroborated by Grace Han, a talent agent who formerly headed the Ford Models agency in Asia. Han further alleged that <mask> had sexually assaulted more than one woman, and claims to know of a specific incident in which a group of male Hong Kong celebrities, led by <mask>, allegedly drugged seven female models in a Hong Kong karaoke bar and raped six of them, while one girl escaped after she noticed the drugging. Han's Weibo post has since been deleted. <mask> rejected the authenticity of the uploaded video and denied Grace Han's allegation. A week after the allegations surfaced, <mask> filed a defamation lawsuit against Grace Han in the Hong Kong High Court, arranged for a press event, and announced that "punishment" is needed.<mask> further claimed to the media that he had already won a defamation lawsuit in 2006 on similar grounds, but independent media sources have not been able to corroborate this claim. Selected filmography The 14 Amazons (十四女英豪) (1972) (cameo) Tie jin gang da po zi yang guan (1974) Na Cha (1974) Zhong tai quan tan sheng si zhan (1974) Five Shaolin Masters (少林五祖) (1974) Kung Fu Stars (1975) Challenge of the Masters (陸阿采與黃飛鴻) (1976) The Dragon Lives Again (李三腳威震地獄門) (1977) Money Crazy (1977) The Iron-Fisted Monk (三德和尚與舂米六) (1977) Enter the Fat Dragon (肥龍過江) (1978) Warriors Two (贊先生與找錢華) (1978) By Hook or by Crook (鹹魚番生) (1980) The Bloody Tattoo (賊贓) (1980) All the Wrong Clues (鬼馬智多星) (1981) The Legend of the Owl (1981) Once Upon A Rainbow (1982) It Takes Two (難兄難弟) (1982) Till Death Do We Scare (1982) He Lives by Night (1982) Play Catch (1983) Aces Go Places 2 (最佳拍檔大顯神通) (1983) I Love Lolanto (1984) Carry On Wise Guy (1984) Heaven Can Help (1984) Beloved Daddy (1984) Double Trouble (1984) My Lucky Stars (福星高照) (1985) Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars (夏日福星) (1985) From the Great Beyond (1985) The Thirty Million Rush (橫財三千萬) (1985) Why Me? (何必有我) (1985) Those Merry Souls (時來運轉) (1985) Funny Triple (1985) Millionaire's Express (富貴列車) (1986) Strange Bedfellow (1986) Lucky Stars Go Places (最佳福星) (1986) The Romancing Star (精裝追女仔) (1987) It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World (富貴逼人) (1987) Trouble Couple (1987) Seven Years Itch (1987) Scared Stiff (小生夢驚魂) (1987) Final Victory (最後勝利) (1987) The Final Test (1987) Criminal Hunter (1988) Double Fattiness (雙肥臨門) (1988) Golden Swallow (1988) The Greatest Lover (1988) Force of the Dragon (1988) How to Pick Girls Up! (求愛敢死隊) (1988) Mr. Mistress (1988) The Other Half & the Other Half (1988) The Romancing Star II (精裝追女仔之2) (1988) Shyly Spirit (1988) The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (潘金蓮之前世今生) (1989) Eat a Bowl of Tea (1989) Fatal Vacation (安樂戰場) (1989) They Came to Rob Hong Kong (八寶奇兵) (1989) Code of Fortune (1989) It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World III (1989) Return of the Lucky Stars (1989) Lucky Guys (1989) Pedicab Driver (1989) Little Cop (1989) A Li Ba Ba (1989) Curry and Pepper (1990) The Last Blood (a.k.a. Hard Boiled 2) (1990) The Sniping (1990) The Banquet (1991) Alan and Eric Between Hello and Goodbye (1991) Ghost Punting (1991) The Tigers (1991) The Family Squad (1991) TV series Once Upon a Time a Hero in China (1992) Yes Madam '92: A Serious Shock (1992) Twin Dragons (1992) The Days of Being Dumb (1992) Handsome Siblings (1992) Yesteryou, Yesterme, Yesterday (1993) Drug Tiger (1993) Once a Cop (1993) Master Wong Vs. Master Wong (1993) Lady Super Cop (1993) 1993 Year's Love of Vampires (1993) Cheese 'n Ham (1993) Bogus Cops (1993) He's a Woman, She's a Man (1994) The New Legend of Shaolin (1994) Over the Rainbow Under the Skirt (1994) All of the Winners (1994) Switch Over (1994) The Age of Miracles (1995) Who's the Woman, Who's the Man? (1996) Those Were the Days (1996) Comrades: Almost a Love Story (1996) How to Meet the Lucky Stars (1996) Final Justice (1996) Yun cai zhi li xing (1996) as Himself Hold You Tight (1997) Hercules (1997) as Philoctetes (voice, Cantonese version) The Wedding Days (1997) Task Force (1997) Contract Killer (1998) Sleepless Town (1998) Anna Magdalena (1998) Hitman (1998) Fly Me to Polaris (1999) Gen-X Cops (1999) Liang Po Po: The Movie (1999) Metade Fumaca (1999) Gigolo of Chinese Hollywood (1999) I.Q.Dudettes (1999) When I Look Upon the Stars (1999) Wai Goh dik goo si (1999) Jiang hu: The Triad Zone (2000) And I Hate You So (2000) Merry-Go-Round (2001) Cop on a Mission (2001) as Boss Tin The Accidental Spy (2001) Fai chai tong mung (2001) Golden Chicken (2002) Infernal Affairs (2002) Troublesome Night 15 (2002) Frugal Game (2002) Three (2002) Partners (2002) No Problem 2 (2002) The Monkey King: Quest for the Sutra (2002, TV Series) Infernal Affairs II (2003) Fu bo (2003) Men Suddenly in Black (2003) Dragon Loaded 2003 (2003) City of SARS (2003) Blood Brothers (2004) Love Is a Many Stupid Thing (2004) PaPa Loves You (2004) In-Laws, Out-Laws (2004) Master Q: Incredible Pet Detective (2004) Infernal Affairs III (2004) One Stone and Two Birds (2005) Perhaps Love (2005) Mob Sister (2005) 2 Young (2005) Divergence (2005) Son of the Mask (2005) (Cantonese dub) It Had to Be You! (2019) Monkey King – The Volcano (2019) The Legend of Pig Warrior (2019) A City Called Macau (2019) The Last Thieves (2019) as Lin Ming-Yen Fox Hunting (2020) References External links Official Website of Star East Holdings Ltd., founded by <mask> 1953 births Living people Hong Kong Buddhists Hong Kong male film actors Hong Kong film directors Hong Kong film presenters Hong Kong film producers Hong Kong people of Hakka descent People from Wuhua Hong Kong male television actors Hong Kong television presenters TVB actors Asian film producers 20th-century Hong Kong male actors 21st-century Hong Kong male actors Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2021–2026 Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2017–2021 The Amazing Race contestants

<mask>i or Amp Van is a Hong Kong actor, film director, producer, and television host best known for hosting the variety show Super Trio series on the Hong Kong television network TVB over 18 years. He is the general manager at TVB. <mask> is a Hakka. <mask>-wing was a former football coach and player and served in the Royal Hong Kong Police Force from 1940 to 1972. He fled to Taiwan after being convicted of corruption and sentenced to three years in jail, but was still free pending an appeal. After 10 years of civil proceedings, the Department of Justice auctioned his house for HK$4.35 million. <mask>-wing died in Taiwan with his family around him.Frederick Ma was Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development. <mask> was a professional soccer player in Hong Kong. <mask> began his career as a stuntman. Due to his popularity, <mask> is often the master of ceremonies (MC) in events organised by the Hong Kong television network TVB; due to him being the main host of the variety show Super Trio series, he was nicknamed "Prize Master" He made parody comedy cassette tapes in the 1980s and 1990s with Andrew Man Chung. <mask>'s vocal range is not as strong as it could be. He is a short plump guy with a habit of speaking before thinking and often landing himself in hot water.His insults led to him being attacked by a group of people. He favors contestants in Hong Kong as an MC. <mask> has won awards and nominations for his work in Hong Kong films. He was typecast as a bumbling, ugly, and crude sidekick early on in his career, and it wasn't until his daughter encouraged him to stop doing comedy roles that he was awarded a Hong Kong best actor award. According to a cinema critic from Muse, <mask> brings directness, straightness and a lack of nonsense to whatever role he plays, and occasionally demonstrates an ability to enter the egoless states of which only the greatest of character actors like Robert Duvall are capable. <mask> sings occasionally. His high-pitched voice doesn't stop him from singing his parodies and theme songs to variety shows.<mask> was appointed as TVB's deputy general manager and special advisor to the executive committee in January 2021. <mask> was involved in the Miss Hong Kong auditioning process. <mask> leads other actors in efforts to raise money for Hong Kong Buddhist temples and events. Two of <mask>'s best friends are singers and actors from Hong Kong. <mask> and his father were both in the police force and played football together. <mask> has been married before. His first wife was a Taiwanese actress named Wang Mei Hua and they had two daughters, <mask> Wing Yee and <mask>.They divorced in 1975. Wang brought their oldest daughter back to Taiwan while their younger daughter moved to Canada. His second marriage was to Rebecca Chu in 1989 and they had two sons, the director of Better Days and <mask>. After <mask> chose to stay in Hong Kong, Chu and their two sons moved to Toronto, Canada. The Hong Kong 3 Weekly Magazine reported on 21 April that <mask>'s current wife was named after him and they had lived apart for 20 years. On the following day, this was dismissed by <mask>. She was the mother of Alan Kuo.On August 3, 2020, Chu died of cancer at the Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital. In December of last year, Next Magazine published an interview with actress Yammie Lam where she said that she had been raped by two Hong Kong entertainment industry "big brothers" 20 years ago. One of the individuals died a long time ago, while the other is still alive. She claims that she was raped during a film production in Singapore. The names of the alleged perpetrators were not included in the audio. The interviewer's voice shows evidence of having been digitally manipulated from a natural female voice to a male voice, but it is not known who the interviewer was. In January of last year, a mainland Chinese journalist uploaded an uncensored recording of Yammie Lam's interview.The new clip has a natural female voice and implicates Alan Tang and <mask> as the two alleged rapists of Lam. According to media analysts, whoever leaked the video must have had access to the original unedited video because it did not have noise removal or other post-production traces. The sexual offense claim against <mask> was substantiated by Grace Han, a talent agent who used to head the Ford Models agency in Asia. Han claims to know of a specific incident in which a group of male Hong Kong celebrities, led by <mask>, drugged seven female models in a Hong Kong karaoke bar and raped six of them, while one girl escaped. Han's post has been deleted. <mask> denied Grace Han's allegation that the uploaded video was fake. A week after the allegations surfaced, <mask> filed a defamation lawsuit against Grace Han in the Hong Kong High Court, arranged for a press event, and announced that "punishment" is needed.Independent media sources have not been able to corroborate <mask>'s claim that he won a defamation lawsuit in 2006 on similar grounds. The 14 Amazons, Na Cha Zhong, Five Masters, and the Challenge of the Masters are some of the films selected. It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World was released in 1987. Mr. The Other Half & the Other Half is a movie. The Banquet and Alan and <mask> Between Hello and Goodbye were both hard boiled. Comrades: Almost a Love Story was released in 1996 and How to Meet the Lucky Stars was released in 1997.Dudettes, When I Look Upon the Stars, Jiang Hu, And I Hate You So, Merry-Go-Round, Cop on a Mission, and Golden Chicken all starred. The Legend of Pig Warrior, Monkey King, A City Called Macau, The Last Thieves, and Lin Ming-Yen Fox Hunting are included.

34555028

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20Lawrence%20Sengol

Gabriel Lawrence Sengol

Gabriel Lawrence Sengol (18 September 1928 – 29 January 2012) was the Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli in India. Biography Ordained in 1955, Sengol was named Bishop on 30 December 1990 and resigned in 1997. He died in 2012, aged 83. Most Rev. Sengole Lawrence Gabriel was born on 18 September 1928 at Madhakottai, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu. He did his schooling in Thanjavur and Seminary formation at Poonamallee, Chennai. He was ordained priest on 27 April 1955. During his pastoral ministry Fr. Gabriel served as Asst. Parish Priest at Pudukottai (1955) and at Vailankanni (1955–1964); as Parish Priest at Alangudu (1964) and at Karunganni (1964–1967); as Rector of the St. Mary's Minor Seminary, Thanjavur (1967–1982) and as Parish Priest at Vailankannni (1982–1990). Fr. Gabriel contributed immensely to the phenomenal growth of the Shrine Basilica of Vailankanni both as Asst. Parish Priest and Parish Priest. He erected many buildings and bought a lot of land with the intention of developing Vailankanni just like Lourdes in France. In order to provide adequate safety to pilgrims, he reinforced the security personnel. It was at his time that, through the efforts of Bishop Sundaram and his own hard work, the Shrine of Our Lady of Health, Vailankanni was elevated to the status of Basilica by Pope John XXIII. He encouraged the pilgrimages from all corners of Tamil Nadu as well as from other parts of India. In order to enhance the quality and extent of the accommodation of pilgrims, he undertook the construction of many houses/buildings/halls with other residential facilities, v.gr. a hospital for the sick pilgrims, a community hall and an open-air auditorium, various cottages and lodges. He also established a new colony known as Antoniarpuram, and provided several quarters for the benefit of the staff. Fr. Gabriel persuaded several Religious Congregations to establish their houses at the Shrine. While the Sisters of Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Sisters of St. Louis Gonzaga are catering to the spiritual needs of the pilgrims, the Missionaries of Charity (MC) take care of the abandoned children and the handicapped. The blessing of the extremely sick with the Blessed Sacrament on every First Saturday as in Lourdes has been a great consolation to the many sick pilgrims that come to the Shrine. He introduced the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament on every First Saturday, and the exposition of the Holy Eucharist every day all through the year. Besides, he was much interested in promoting Marian devotion through literature. In the educational field, he not only built a school for the local boys and girls at Vailankanni but even got it upgraded to the status of a Higher Secondary School. Moreover, he set up schools in many sub-stations of the Parish of Vailankanni and built/renovated some Chapels, particularly where the Christians were less in number. Press apostolate has always been his favorite option. Besides authoring and editing some books, he did encourage people to write for journals. He always advocated the belief that Catholic books sustain a high culture and nurture piety. He also promoted reading habits and for this purpose he founded Oli Nilaya and a Library in Thanjavur. For 13 years he was editor of Vailankanni Kuraloli (Tamil monthly of the Shrine Basilica of Vailankanni) and also headed Vedanayakar Ezhuthalar Kazhakam (Tamil Writers' Association). In fact, he initiated and encouraged the translation of the Papal Encyclicals. He was National Secretary of the Pontifical Missionary Union for 15 years. In this capacity, he visited almost all the Dioceses of India from Kanyakumari to Kashmir. Wherever he went he spread the devotion to Our Lady of Health Vailankanni and introduced the English monthly 'Vailankanni Calling'. He strengthened the Legion of Mary not only in the Diocese of Thanjavur but also in the whole of Tamil Nadu. He served as the Inspector of schools of the Diocese of Thanjavur for three years and as the Regional Secretary of TNBC for the Catechism. On 6 October 1990 Fr. Gabriel was appointed Bishop of Tiruchirapalli and was ordained Bishop on 30 December 1990. Simplicity, humility and kindness were the hallmarks of his personality. During his episcopal ministry, he visited the villages and constructed Chapels in many of them. He established at least 10 new parishes. He spared no efforts to make his Diocese financially self-reliant. He had a great devotion to the Blessed Sacrament, which he promoted wherever he went among priests and people. During his pastoral visits to parishes he catechized the faithful to deepen the faith of his flock. In order to make Jesus Christ more and more known and loved, he encouraged the people to read the Word of God daily and he even supplied the Bible free of cost to all parishes and sub-stations. Very loyal to the Magisterium of the Church, Bishop Gabriel devoted himself tirelessly to the ministry of evangelization, catechesis and charismatic renewal. As a matter of fact, he was deeply convinced about the evangelization done through Kalai Kaviri School of Fine Arts. He gave many talks in All India Radio and his clearly articulated sermons were much appreciated by the people. Despite all his wonderful achievements and exemplary pastoral leadership, Bishop Gabriel also had his share of suffering and crosses. But in all the adversities that he faced in his Diocese, he always trusted in the Providence of God and maternal protection of Blessed Virgin Mary. On 14 October 1997, he resigned as Bishop of Tiruchirapalli after serving the Diocese for seven years. Thereafter, he retired to Vettaikaraniruppu, a remote rural village where he could spend his time in prayer and evangelizing the poor people. He helped the local parish priest in spiritual activities and went about preaching the Word of God all over Tamil Nadu. The funeral service of Bishop Sengole Lawrence Gabriel held on 30 January 2012, at the St. Mary's Cathedral, was largely attended by several Bishops, hundreds of priests, religious and lay faithful. The body was taken to his home Diocese of Thanjavur where it was buried as per his wish. May God of Mercies grant this zealous Pastor and faithful servant of the Church eternal bliss and heavenly reward! You are kindly requested to offer one Holy Mass for the repose of the soul of Bishop Sengole Lawrence, late CBCI member. Yours sincerely in Christ, www.cbci.in/Circular.aspx/ Fr. Thomas d’Aquino Sequeira Deputy Secretary General, CBCI References 1928 births 2012 deaths 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in India

<mask> (18 September 1928 – 29 January 2012) was the Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli in India. Biography Ordained in 1955, <mask> was named Bishop on 30 December 1990 and resigned in 1997. He died in 2012, aged 83. Most Rev. <mask> was born on 18 September 1928 at Madhakottai, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu. He did his schooling in Thanjavur and Seminary formation at Poonamallee, Chennai. He was ordained priest on 27 April 1955.During his pastoral ministry Fr. <mask> served as Asst. Parish Priest at Pudukottai (1955) and at Vailankanni (1955–1964); as Parish Priest at Alangudu (1964) and at Karunganni (1964–1967); as Rector of the St. Mary's Minor Seminary, Thanjavur (1967–1982) and as Parish Priest at Vailankannni (1982–1990). Fr. <mask> contributed immensely to the phenomenal growth of the Shrine Basilica of Vailankanni both as Asst. Parish Priest and Parish Priest. He erected many buildings and bought a lot of land with the intention of developing Vailankanni just like Lourdes in France.In order to provide adequate safety to pilgrims, he reinforced the security personnel. It was at his time that, through the efforts of Bishop Sundaram and his own hard work, the Shrine of Our Lady of Health, Vailankanni was elevated to the status of Basilica by Pope John XXIII. He encouraged the pilgrimages from all corners of Tamil Nadu as well as from other parts of India. In order to enhance the quality and extent of the accommodation of pilgrims, he undertook the construction of many houses/buildings/halls with other residential facilities, v.gr. a hospital for the sick pilgrims, a community hall and an open-air auditorium, various cottages and lodges. He also established a new colony known as Antoniarpuram, and provided several quarters for the benefit of the staff. Fr.<mask> persuaded several Religious Congregations to establish their houses at the Shrine. While the Sisters of Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Sisters of St. Louis Gonzaga are catering to the spiritual needs of the pilgrims, the Missionaries of Charity (MC) take care of the abandoned children and the handicapped. The blessing of the extremely sick with the Blessed Sacrament on every First Saturday as in Lourdes has been a great consolation to the many sick pilgrims that come to the Shrine. He introduced the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament on every First Saturday, and the exposition of the Holy Eucharist every day all through the year. Besides, he was much interested in promoting Marian devotion through literature. In the educational field, he not only built a school for the local boys and girls at Vailankanni but even got it upgraded to the status of a Higher Secondary School. Moreover, he set up schools in many sub-stations of the Parish of Vailankanni and built/renovated some Chapels, particularly where the Christians were less in number.Press apostolate has always been his favorite option. Besides authoring and editing some books, he did encourage people to write for journals. He always advocated the belief that Catholic books sustain a high culture and nurture piety. He also promoted reading habits and for this purpose he founded Oli Nilaya and a Library in Thanjavur. For 13 years he was editor of Vailankanni Kuraloli (Tamil monthly of the Shrine Basilica of Vailankanni) and also headed Vedanayakar Ezhuthalar Kazhakam (Tamil Writers' Association). In fact, he initiated and encouraged the translation of the Papal Encyclicals. He was National Secretary of the Pontifical Missionary Union for 15 years.In this capacity, he visited almost all the Dioceses of India from Kanyakumari to Kashmir. Wherever he went he spread the devotion to Our Lady of Health Vailankanni and introduced the English monthly 'Vailankanni Calling'. He strengthened the Legion of Mary not only in the Diocese of Thanjavur but also in the whole of Tamil Nadu. He served as the Inspector of schools of the Diocese of Thanjavur for three years and as the Regional Secretary of TNBC for the Catechism. On 6 October 1990 Fr. <mask> was appointed Bishop of Tiruchirapalli and was ordained Bishop on 30 December 1990. Simplicity, humility and kindness were the hallmarks of his personality.During his episcopal ministry, he visited the villages and constructed Chapels in many of them. He established at least 10 new parishes. He spared no efforts to make his Diocese financially self-reliant. He had a great devotion to the Blessed Sacrament, which he promoted wherever he went among priests and people. During his pastoral visits to parishes he catechized the faithful to deepen the faith of his flock. In order to make Jesus Christ more and more known and loved, he encouraged the people to read the Word of God daily and he even supplied the Bible free of cost to all parishes and sub-stations. Very loyal to the Magisterium of the Church, Bishop <mask> devoted himself tirelessly to the ministry of evangelization, catechesis and charismatic renewal.As a matter of fact, he was deeply convinced about the evangelization done through Kalai Kaviri School of Fine Arts. He gave many talks in All India Radio and his clearly articulated sermons were much appreciated by the people. Despite all his wonderful achievements and exemplary pastoral leadership, Bishop <mask> also had his share of suffering and crosses. But in all the adversities that he faced in his Diocese, he always trusted in the Providence of God and maternal protection of Blessed Virgin Mary. On 14 October 1997, he resigned as Bishop of Tiruchirapalli after serving the Diocese for seven years. Thereafter, he retired to Vettaikaraniruppu, a remote rural village where he could spend his time in prayer and evangelizing the poor people. He helped the local parish priest in spiritual activities and went about preaching the Word of God all over Tamil Nadu.The funeral service of Bishop <mask> <mask> held on 30 January 2012, at the St. Mary's Cathedral, was largely attended by several Bishops, hundreds of priests, religious and lay faithful. The body was taken to his home Diocese of Thanjavur where it was buried as per his wish. May God of Mercies grant this zealous Pastor and faithful servant of the Church eternal bliss and heavenly reward! You are kindly requested to offer one Holy Mass for the repose of the soul of Bishop <mask> <mask>, late CBCI member. Yours sincerely in Christ, www.cbci.in/Circular.aspx/ Fr. Thomas d’Aquino Sequeira Deputy Secretary General, CBCI References 1928 births 2012 deaths 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in India

The Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli in India was <mask>. <mask> was named Bishop on December 30, 1990 and resigned in 1997. He died in 2012 at the age of 83. Most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the time, most of the Sengole <mask> was born in the Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu. He attended Thanjavur and Seminary formation in Chennai. He became a priest on April 27, 1955.He was a priest during his pastoral ministry. <mask> was the Asst. The Parish Priest at Pudukottai was also the Parish Priest at Alangudu and Karunganni. Fr. Asst., <mask> contributed immensely to the growth of the Shrine Basilica of Vailankanni. Both the Parish Priest and the Parish Priest are priests. He bought a lot of land and built many buildings with the intention of developing it like Lourdes in France.The security personnel were reinforced in order to provide adequate safety for pilgrims. It was at his time that the Shrine of Our Lady of Health was elevated to Basilica by Pope John XII. He encouraged pilgrimages from all corners of Tamil Nadu. He undertook the construction of many houses/buildings/halls with other residential facilities in order to enhance the quality and extent of the accommodation of pilgrims. There is an open-air auditorium, a hospital for the sick pilgrims, a community hall and various cottages and lodges. He provided quarters for the staff in Antoniarpuram, a new colony he established. Fr.The houses at the Shrine were established by <mask>. The Missionaries of Charity take care of the abandoned children and the handicapped while the Sisters of Immaculate Heart of Mary cater to the spiritual needs of the pilgrims. Many sick pilgrims come to the Shrine because of the blessing of the Blessed Sacrament on First Saturday. He introduced the exposition of the Holy Eucharist on a daily basis throughout the year. He wanted to promote Marian devotion through literature. He built a school for the local boys and girls at Vailankanni and even got it upgraded to a Higher Secondary School. He built/renovated some Chapels and set up schools in many sub-stations of the Parish of Vailankanni.Press apostolate is his favorite option. He encouraged people to write for journals. He believed that Catholic books nurture piety and sustain a high culture. He founded a library in Thanjavur to promote reading habits. He was editor of the Tamil monthly of the Shrine Basilica of Vailankanni for 13 years. He encouraged the translation of the Papal Encyclicals. He was the National Secretary for 15 years.From Kanyakumari to Kashmir, he visited almost all the Dioceses of India. He introduced the English monthly 'Vailankanni calling' and spread the devotion to Our Lady of Health. The Legion of Mary was strengthened not only in the Diocese of Thanjavur, but also in the whole of Tamil Nadu. He was the Inspector of schools of the Diocese of Thanjavur for three years. On 6 October 1990 Fr<mask> was appointed Bishop of Tiruchirapalli in 1990. His personality was typified by simplicity, humility and kindness.He built Chapels in many of the villages he visited during his ministry. At least 10 new parishes were established by him. He made his Diocese financially self-reliant. He promoted the Blessed Sacrament wherever he went among priests and people. He catechized the faithful to deepen their faith during his pastoral visits. He encouraged the people to read the Word of God daily in order to make Jesus Christ more and more known and loved. Bishop <mask> was very loyal to the Magisterium of the Church and devoted himself to evangelization, catechesis and charismatic renewal.He was convinced about the evangelization done through the Kalai Kaviri School of Fine Arts. His clearly articulated sermons were appreciated by the people. Bishop <mask> had his share of suffering and crosses. He always trusted in the Providence of God and the protection of Blessed Virgin Mary when he was in his Diocese. He was the Bishop of Tiruchirapalli for seven years. He retired to a remote rural village where he could spend his time evangelizing the poor people. He preached the Word of God all over Tamil Nadu after helping the local parish priest in spiritual activities.Hundreds of priests, religious and lay faithful attended the funeral service of Bishop <mask> at the St. Mary's Cathedral. He wanted his body to be buried in his home Diocese of Thanjavur. God of Mercies, grant this pastor and faithful servant of the church eternal bliss and heavenly reward! You are requested to offer a Holy Mass for the repose of the soul of Bishop <mask>. You are sincerely in Christ, www.cbci.in/Circular. The births and deaths of Roman Catholic bishops in India are referred to by Thomas d'Aquino Sequeira.

2376244

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Mir

Frank Mir

Francisco "Frank" Santos Mir III (; born May 24, 1979), is an American mixed martial artist and professional wrestler who most recently competed for Bellator MMA in the Heavyweight division. He formerly competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) for sixteen years. A former two-time UFC Heavyweight Champion, he holds the record for the most finishes and the most submission victories in UFC Heavyweight history. Mir possessed the longest uninterrupted tenure of any fighter in UFC history, competing for the company from 2001 to 2016. He was the first man to knock out and the first to submit Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira. Background Born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada, Mir began training and competing in American Kenpo at a school owned by his parents, earning his black belt as a teenager. Mir's father played a major role in convincing him to begin wrestling on the basis that it could help him avoid submissions. Mir joined the wrestling team at Bonanza High School during his junior year and lost his first nine matches. During his senior year (1998) he went 44–1 and won the state championship. Mir played fullback and defensive end on the school's football team, which reached the Southern Zone semifinals in 1997. He also competed in track and field; his discus throw of is still a Sunset Regional record. Career Mir met UFC matchmaker Joe Silva at a Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) school. Silva saw potential in Mir and suggested that he compete in mixed martial arts. Mir made his professional debut against Jerome Smith at HOOKnSHOOT: Showdown on July 14, 2001. Mir won the bout by unanimous decision after two rounds. He won his second fight by triangle choke in the first round, against Dan Quinn at IFC Warriors Challenge 15 on August 31, 2001. Ultimate Fighting Championship On November 2, 2001, at UFC 34: High Voltage, Mir made his UFC debut against 6th degree BJJ black belt Roberto Traven. Traven had previously competed in the UFC (at UFC 11) and was the 1999 ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship open class champion. Mir defeated Traven by armbar at 1:05 of round one, earning "Tapout of the Night" in the process. Mir's next UFC match was against Lion's Den fighter and eight-time UFC veteran Pete Williams at UFC 36: Worlds Collide on March 22, 2002. Mir submitted Williams in 46 seconds with an inside shoulder lock that has since been named after himself. It was the only submission loss of Williams' career. Mir faced Ian Freeman in London, England, at UFC 38: Brawl at the Hall on July 13, 2002. Despite several leglock attempts by Mir, Freeman achieved side control four minutes into the first round and landed numerous punches and elbows to Mir's head. A time out was called due to a cut on Mir's face. After Freeman separated, the referee signaled to Mir to stand back up and stopped the fight after Mir struggled to do so. Mir then faced Tank Abbott at UFC 41 on February 28, 2003. Mir submitted Abbott with a toe hold in 46 seconds. On June 26, 2003, Mir fought Wes Sims at UFC 43: Meltdown. Mir won by disqualification at 2:55 of the first round after Sims stomped on Mir's jaw following a slam escape of an armbar attempt by Mir. They would rematch at UFC 46: Supernatural on January 31, 2004. Mir won by knockout at 4:21 of the second round. Heavyweight championship On June 19, 2004, Mir faced Tim Sylvia for the vacant UFC Heavyweight Championship at UFC 48: Payback. Referee Herb Dean stopped the fight 50 seconds into the first round after Mir broke Sylvia's right forearm with a straight armbar. Sylvia initially protested the call but relented following a replay of the break. Mir earned his BJJ black belt from Ricardo Pires following this performance. Motorcycle injury On September 17, 2004, Mir was knocked off his motorcycle by a car. The accident caused two breaks in Mir's femur and tore all the ligaments in his knee. An Interim Heavyweight Championship was created while Mir recovered from surgery, which Andrei Arlovski won by defeating Tim Sylvia via first round submission. On August 12, 2005, the UFC learned that Mir would not be able to face Andrei Arlovski in October as scheduled and stripped him of the title after 14 months, promoting Arlovski to undisputed UFC Heavyweight Champion. In 2010, Mir told FIGHT! Magazine that he was grateful for the accident as it gave him time to be with his wife. Return to the UFC In his first bout since the accident, Mir fought 4th degree BJJ black belt and six-time Mundials Champion Márcio Cruz at UFC 57: Liddell vs. Couture 3 on February 4, 2006. In a shocking upset, Mir was defeated by first-round TKO. He returned to the octagon on July 8, 2006, at UFC 61: Bitter Rivals against Dan Christison. Mir won by unanimous decision when all three judges scored the bout 29–28. Mir was widely criticized following the bout due to his sloppy appearance and inability to finish a seemingly mismatched opponent. Despite the criticism, Mir was subsequently matched with Brandon Vera at UFC 65: Bad Intentions to determine the number one contender. Mir showed improved striking ability but was quickly stunned by a straight right from Vera, who then dropped him with knees from the Muay Thai clinch. Vera then secured side control and delivered a number of punches and elbows, forcing the referee to stop the fight at 1:09 of the first round. While preparing for UFC 140, Mir attributed his poor performance in his initial return bouts to lingering health issues following the accident. Rise back to title contention Mir was scheduled to fight kickboxer Antoni Hardonk at UFC Fight Night 9 on April 5, 2007, but had to drop out due to a shoulder injury. He faced Hardonk at UFC 74 and won via kimura at 1:17 of the first round. At the end of the bout, Mir walked to the cameras pointing at himself saying "I'm back!". Frank's wife Jennifer was shown on the replay screaming and crying with joy when Frank secured the kimura and the fight was stopped. On February 2, 2008, at UFC 81, Mir welcomed former WWE wrestler Brock Lesnar to the octagon for Lesnar's highly anticipated debut. It took Lesnar less than 10 seconds to shoot for a takedown and muscle Mir to the mat. However, seconds after Lesnar began to unload strikes from Mir's half guard, referee Steve Mazzagatti controversially deemed that there were some illegal punches landed to the back of Mir's head, drawing a foul and a one-point deduction. The fighters were ordered to stand up, and Mir was given a brief recovery period. As the fight resumed, Mir was almost instantly dropped with a big punch from Lesnar. Lesnar continued to land punches on Mir and shucked off Mir's armbar attempt before moving to a stacked guard. It was here that Mir caught Lesnar with a kneebar, causing Lesnar to tap out at 1:30 of the first round. Mir was awarded with Submission of the Night honors. The Ultimate Fighter season 8 Spike TV announced on May 12, 2008, that former UFC champion Frank Mir would face off with the current UFC Interim Heavyweight Champion and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira as the coaches for the eighth season of The Ultimate Fighter. The season, which premiered on Spike TV on September 17, returned to the two weight class format. It featured Light heavyweight and Lightweight fighters. Production on season eight began in late May, with the entire cast announced in September, and concluded in December. Second heavyweight championship Mir fought his fellow Ultimate Fighter coach, Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, at UFC 92 for the Interim UFC Heavyweight Championship. This bout was part of a mini-Heavyweight tournament, often hyped by UFC president Dana White. The winner of this fight would then face the winner of the match between the Heavyweight Champion Randy Couture and Brock Lesnar. Lesnar defeated Couture by TKO in the second round, earning him the Heavyweight Championship belt in the process and setting him up to face the winner of Nogueira/Mir to unify the belts. In the fight with Nogueira, Mir showcased vastly improved striking, particularly his boxing, knocking down the Brazilian twice in the first round and once in the second. Herb Dean stopped the match at 1:54 of the second round, declaring Mir the winner. Nogueira's loss marked the first time he had lost a fight due to strikes. In a post-fight interview, Mir credited his improved striking to a drastic improvement in conditioning. Two days after the fight, Dana White revealed in an interview that "Nogueira had just gotten over a Staph infection." Nogueira himself verified this fact several months later in his own interview, stating that he had a staph infection "20 days before the fight, [requiring] 5 days in the hospital." When asked if this infection affected his fight, he answered, "For sure." In addition to this illness, his knee was injured during training, for which he had surgery in February 2009. Despite these handicaps, Nogueira offered strong praise for Mir's performance, with particular credit given to Mir's ability to maintain "very good distance." Heavyweight championship unification Mir's victory over Nogueira set in place a re-match with the UFC Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar for the UFC Heavyweight Championship. However, Mir stated, that in his opinion, holding victories over former UFC Interim Heavyweight Champion Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira at UFC 92 and current UFC Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar at UFC 81 is enough to recognize him as the owner of the "real belt." Mir was originally scheduled to fight Lesnar at UFC 98 On May 23, 2009, in Las Vegas, Nevada, however, he sustained a knee injury during training which required arthroscopic surgery and the removal of bone chips from his knee. The rematch against Lesnar was therefore rescheduled for UFC 100 on July 11, 2009. The show would break many UFC records in terms of PPV sales and is in the top 3 best selling UFC PPV of all time. At UFC 100, Mir was lively on his feet but proved unable to counter Lesnar's wrestling and positional dominance. Lesnar dominated the first round with superior wrestling. In the second round, after being allowed to stand up, Mir landed a combination, ending with a turning right elbow which forced Lesnar to look for a clinch. Mir took this opportunity to attempt a jumping right knee, which landed, but ultimately resulted in Lesnar securing another takedown. After a short period of recovery from the knee, Lesnar pinned Mir up against the cage and delivered multiple unanswered heavy blows to his face, forcing referee Herb Dean to stop the fight via TKO at 1:48 in the second round. With the win, Lesnar became the undisputed UFC Heavyweight Champion. Mir vs. Kongo Mir had his next fight against Cheick Kongo on December 12, 2009, at UFC 107. Two months prior to this fight, Mir replaced his striking coach Ken Hahn with boxing trainer Jimmy Gifford. Mir was expected to weigh 20 to 25 lbs heavier than usual, due to the strength and conditioning program that he had undertaken to improve his muscular frame. As expected, Mir weighed in for his fight against Kongo at 264.5 lbs. At the weigh-ins, Kongo refused to face Mir during the traditional stare-down before the fight. During the fight, Mir stunned Kongo with an overhand left early, dropping him and swarming to secure a guillotine choke victory at 1:12 in the first round. Kongo refused to tap and was rendered unconscious by the choke. In the post-fight press conference, Mir expressed his desire to fight a rubber match with Brock Lesnar. Mir later created controversy after commenting that he wanted to break Lesnar's neck, so that he would become the first mixed martial artist to die in competition. Mir later made an apology for his comments after being admonished by Dana White. Interim Heavyweight Championship bout Mir faced Shane Carwin for the UFC Interim Heavyweight Championship on March 27, 2010, at UFC 111. After a brief standup exchange, Carwin pushed Mir against the cage, where he delivered several short uppercuts to Mir's chin. Mir lost the fight via knockout at 3:48 of the first round. Second rise back to title contention At a UFC Fan Expo, Mir said he briefly considered dropping down to the Light heavyweight division, although he later confirmed he would remain at Heavyweight. He was expected to face Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on September 25, 2010, at UFC 119 in a rematch of the Interim Championship bout which Mir won via TKO at UFC 92. Nogueira pulled out of this fight due to knee surgery and was replaced by Mirko Cro Cop. Mir defeated Mirko Cro Cop via third-round knockout, earning the win with a knee from the clinch in a largely uneventful fight in which neither fighter was able to deliver any significant offense. Mir faced former IFL Heavyweight Champion Roy Nelson on May 28, 2011, at UFC 130. He won via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, and 30–26) by using superior control and constant pressure. Mir showed improved wrestling by pushing Nelson against the cage, completing a Judo hip throw and securing several takedowns in the third round. Mir landed several hard knees and elbows from the Muay Thai clinch throughout the bout but was unable to finish the durable Nelson. A rematch with Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira took place on December 10, 2011, at UFC 140. In the bout, Mir was dropped during the first round by a punch from Nogueira, and the bout was nearly stopped. Mir quickly recovered and gained superior positioning, defeating Nogueira by kimura at 3:38 of round 1, snapping Nogueira's arm in the process, as Nogueira refused to tap. Along with being the first fighter to have finished Nogueira via knockout, Mir became the first fighter to have defeated Nogueira via submission in mixed martial arts. The victory also earned Mir Submission of the Night honors. UFC President Dana White called it the "submission of the century" at the post-fight press conference. Third title shot and beyond Mir was expected to face Cain Velasquez on May 25, 2012, at UFC 146. However, on April 20, 2012, Dana White announced that Mir would face Brazilian Junior dos Santos for the UFC Heavyweight Championship, replacing kickboxer Alistair Overeem. On May 11, 2012, UFC Primetime returned to promote the fight between Mir and dos Santos, and concluded on May 25. In their fight, dos Santos was able to use superior foot work to strike in and out before Mir could mount any significant offense. Mir lost the fight via TKO in the second round and said he would have to go back to the drawing board to continue his career. Later in 2012, the UFC announced that Mir had been given a one fight sabbatical to compete under the Strikeforce banner to challenge Strikeforce Heavyweight Grand Prix Tournament Champion Daniel Cormier. The bout with Cormier was expected to take place on November 3, 2012, at Strikeforce: Cormier vs. Mir. However, on September 19 it was revealed that Mir suffered an injury in training and was forced to pull out of the bout. The bout with Cormier was rescheduled for April 20, 2013, at UFC on Fox 7. Mir lost the fight by unanimous decision. Mir faced returning former UFC Heavyweight Champion Josh Barnett on August 31, 2013, at UFC 164. Mir lost via TKO in the first round. Mir was scheduled to face Alistair Overeem on November 16, 2013, at UFC 167. However, the pairing was moved to February 1, 2014, at UFC 169. Mir lost the fight via unanimous decision. Mir was expected to face Antônio Silva on February 28, 2015, at UFC 184. However, the bout with Silva was moved up a week and served as the event headliner for UFC Fight Night 61. Despite being the betting underdog, Mir won the fight via knockout in the first round, dropping Silva with a left hook and finishing him with a barrage of ground and pound. Subsequently, Mir won a Performance of the Night bonus. Mir faced Todd Duffee at UFC Fight Night 71 on July 15, 2015. He won the fight via knockout in the first round after dropping Duffee with a straight left. Referee "Big" John McCarthy immediately stepped in to stop the fight as Duffee face planted onto the mat. Mir earned his second consecutive Performance of the Night bonus. Mir faced Andrei Arlovski on September 5, 2015, at UFC 191. He lost the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision, although some, including UFC president Dana White, scored the fight in his favor. 12 of 15 media outlets, however, scored the bout in favor of Arlovski. Mir faced Mark Hunt on March 20, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 85 in Brisbane, Australia. He lost the fight via KO in the first round. On April 7, 2016, Mir was notified by the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) that the sample he submitted the day of the fight tested positive for oral turinabol metabolites. In a statement, Mir responded, "I don't know how that is possible as I do not take any performance enhancing drugs (PEDs)." He was nonetheless suspended for two years. Speaking in early 2017 Frank Mir opened up to a radio show about retirement rumors indicating he was still interested in actively competing, and a potential comeback. Mir indicated interest in a third Brock Lesnar fight. On July 8, 2017, Mir announced that he had been granted his release from the UFC after nearly 16 years with the promotion, despite having six fights left on his contract. Bellator MMA On August 16, 2017, it was announced that Mir had signed a multi-fight deal with Bellator MMA. In his debut fight for the promotion, Mir faced Fedor Emelianenko at Bellator 198 on April 28, 2018. The bout was part of the opening round of the Bellator Heavyweight Tournament. He lost the fight via TKO in round one. In his second fight for the promotion, Mir faced Javy Ayala at Bellator 212 on December 14, 2018. Mir successfully won the first round by taking Ayala down and controlling him on the ground. However, Ayala rallied in the second round and Mir eventually lost by TKO after tapping to punches that caused an alveolar ridge fracture. Mir faced Roy Nelson in a rematch of their 2011 UFC bout on October 25, 2019, in the main event of Bellator 231. He won via unanimous decision. On April 1, 2020, Mir's contract with Bellator expired, making him a free agent. Professional wrestling In January 2019, Josh Barnett announced via Twitter that Mir would be making his professional wrestling debut for Game Changer Wrestling's Bloodsport event, an independent wrestling event that features worked matches presented in an MMA style. Mir's debut coincided with WrestleMania 35 weekend on Thursday, April 4. On March 17, it was announced that Mir's debut match would be against former UFC Superfight Champion and former NWA World Heavyweight Champion Dan Severn. Mir defeated Severn, and post-match called out former UFC rival Brock Lesnar. Professional boxing On February 25, 2021, Mir announced he would be making his professional boxing debut against former multi-time light heavyweight and cruiserweight boxing champion Antonio Tarver on April 17 on the undercard of Jake Paul vs. Ben Askren. However, on March 23, it was revealed that Tarver was pulled from the bout after failing to meet the requirements to compete put forth by the Georgia Athletic and Entertainment Commission. Mir instead faced former IBF cruiserweight champion Steve Cunningham at the event, losing by unanimous decision. Triad Combat On November 27, 2021, Mir faced Kubrat Pulev in the main event of a boxing vs MMA card promoted by Triller that featured other UFC veterans. Mir lost the fight via TKO in the 1st round. Commentary and opinionist Frank Mir was a color commentator for World Extreme Cagefighting until the 2010 WEC 47, when he was replaced by Stephan Bonnar. In June 2012, Mir stated in an interview with The Chronicle-Journal that he wants to pursue commentary after he retires from fighting. "I like analyzing fights, and I like doing color commentating," he said. "It's an opportunity I would take advantage of when I run into it. Hopefully it's something I can do full time". Mir was appointed in 2015 the color commentator for Absolute Championship Berkut. In February 2021 USA TODAY printed an op-ed in which Mir and an executive director of the American Principles Project were hostile to the proposed Equality Act because "Our athlete daughters shouldn't have to compete with transgender women" who take female hormones. They raised the specter "of increased risk of severe injury based on physical differences" and noted that "biological male athletes have an insurmountable physical advantage over biological female athletes". They felt that "the entirety of women's athletics would be deeply imperiled". Personal life Mir and his wife Jennifer have three children together, and Jennifer has a son from a previous relationship whom Mir adopted. Frank's oldest biological child, Bella, is also a professional mixed martial artist. Mir is an atheist and a Libertarian. He followed a vegan diet for a year but switched to a Paleo diet due to lack of energy. He suffers from low testosterone and underwent testosterone replacement therapy from 2012 until its banning from combat sports in 2014. Frank Mir's daughter, Bella Mir, has also embarked upon a professional MMA career, winning her debut in October, 2020 with her father in her corner. Mir worked as a bouncer at the Spearmint Rhino in Las Vegas before entering the UFC and continued to work there as Director of Security while pursuing his UFC career. In January 2016, it was announced that Mir would be inducted into the Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame. Championships and achievements Mixed martial arts Ultimate Fighting Championship UFC Heavyweight Championship (One time) Interim UFC Heavyweight Championship (One time) Submission of the Night (Two times) vs. Brock Lesnar and Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira Performance of the Night (Two times) vs. Antônio Silva and Todd Duffee Second most wins in UFC Heavyweight division (16) Second most fights in UFC Heavyweight division (27) Most finishes in UFC Heavyweight division (13) Second most first round finishes in UFC history (10) Third most wins by submission in UFC (8) Most wins by submission in UFC Heavyweight division (8) First and only toe hold finish in UFC history Fastest submission in UFC Heavyweight division (45 seconds) Fought five different UFC Heavyweight Champions Defeated three different UFC Heavyweight Champions 2011 Submission of the Year vs. Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on December 10 2011 Comeback Of The Year vs Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on December 10 Tied for the 2nd most Finishes in UFC History (13) Tied for the 4th most Victories in UFC History (16) Tied for Most fights in UFC history (27) with Tito Ortiz and Michael Bisping FIGHT! Magazine 2008 Submission of the Year vs. Brock Lesnar on February 2 Sherdog 2008 Comeback Fighter of the Year 2011 Submission of the Year vs. Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on December 10 2011 All-Violence Second Team Mixed Martial Arts Hall of Fame ESPN 2011 Submission of the Year vs. Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on December 10 World MMA Awards 2011 Submission of the Year vs. Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on December 10 2011 Comeback of the Year vs. Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira Submission grappling Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu under Ricardo Pires Pan American Championships Blue Belt Pesadissimo: 1st place (2001) North American Grappling Association NAGA Absolute Division Champion (2007) Amateur wrestling Nevada State Wrestling Nevada State Wrestling Champion (1998) Mixed martial arts record |- |Win |align=center|19–13 |Roy Nelson | Decision (unanimous) |Bellator 231 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | |- |Loss |align=center|18–13 |Javy Ayala |TKO (submission to punches) |Bellator 212 | |align=center|2 |align=center|4:30 |Honolulu, Hawaii, United States | |- |Loss |align=center|18–12 |Fedor Emelianenko |KO (punches) |Bellator 198 | |align=center|1 |align=center|0:48 |Rosemont, Illinois, United States | |- |Loss |align=center|18–11 |Mark Hunt |KO (punch) |UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Mir | |align=center|1 |align=center|3:01 |Brisbane, Australia | |- |Loss |align=center|18–10 |Andrei Arlovski |Decision (unanimous) |UFC 191 | |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 18–9 | Todd Duffee | KO (punch) | UFC Fight Night: Mir vs. Duffee | | align=center|1 | align=center|1:13 | San Diego, California, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 17–9 | Antônio Silva | KO (elbows) | UFC Fight Night: Bigfoot vs. Mir | | align=center|1 | align=center|1:40 | Porto Alegre, Brazil | |- | Loss | align=center| 16–9 | Alistair Overeem | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 169 | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 5:00 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | |- | Loss | align=center| 16–8 | Josh Barnett | TKO (knee) | UFC 164 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 1:56 | Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |- | Loss | align=center| 16–7 | Daniel Cormier | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on Fox: Henderson vs. Melendez | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 5:00 | San Jose, California, United States | |- | Loss | align=center| 16–6 | Junior dos Santos | TKO (punches) | UFC 146 | | align=center| 2 | align=center| 3:04 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 16–5 | Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira | Technical Submission (kimura) | UFC 140 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 3:38 | Toronto, Ontario, Canada | |- | Win | align=center| 15–5 | Roy Nelson | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 130 | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 5:00 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 14–5 | Mirko Cro Cop | KO (knee) | UFC 119 | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 4:02 | Indianapolis, Indiana, United States | |- | Loss | align=center| 13–5 | Shane Carwin | KO (punches) | UFC 111 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 3:48 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 13–4 | Cheick Kongo | Technical Submission (guillotine choke) | UFC 107 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 1:12 | Memphis, Tennessee, United States | |- | Loss | align=center| 12–4 | Brock Lesnar | KO (punches) | UFC 100 | | align=center| 2 | align=center| 1:48 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 12–3 | Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira | TKO (punches) | UFC 92 | | align=center| 2 | align=center| 1:57 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 11–3 | Brock Lesnar | Submission (kneebar) | UFC 81 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 1:30 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 10–3 | Antoni Hardonk | Submission (kimura) | UFC 74 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 1:17 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Loss | align=center| 9–3 | Brandon Vera | TKO (punches) | UFC 65 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 1:09 | Sacramento, California, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 9–2 | Dan Christison | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 61 | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Loss | align=center| 8–2 | Márcio Cruz | TKO (punches and elbows) | UFC 57 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 4:10 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 8–1 | Tim Sylvia | Technical Submission (armbar) | UFC 48 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:50 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 7–1 | Wes Sims | KO (punches) | UFC 46 | | align=center| 2 | align=center| 4:21 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 6–1 | Wes Sims | DQ (kicking a downed opponent) | UFC 43 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 2:55 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 5–1 | Tank Abbott | Submission (toe hold) | UFC 41 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:45 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |- | Loss | align=center| 4–1 | Ian Freeman | TKO (punches) | UFC 38 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 4:35 | London, England | |- | Win | align=center| 4–0 | Pete Williams | Submission (inside shoulder lock) | UFC 36 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:46 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 3–0 | Roberto Traven | Submission (armbar) | UFC 34 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 1:05 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 2–0 | Dan Quinn | Submission (triangle choke) | IFC 15 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 2:15 | Oroville, California, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 1–0 | Jerome Smith | Decision (unanimous) | SF 11 | | align=center| 2 | align=center| 5:00 | Evansville, Indiana, United States | Professional boxing record See also List of male mixed martial artists References External links TEAMMIR.com – Official Team Website Frank Mir Fightography |- 1979 births American atheists American male karateka American libertarians American male mixed martial artists American mixed martial artists of Cuban descent American Muay Thai practitioners American people of Russian descent American people of Moroccan descent American people of English descent American people of Welsh descent American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu American sportspeople in doping cases Doping cases in mixed martial arts Heavyweight mixed martial artists Mixed martial artists utilizing American Kenpo Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai Mixed martial artists utilizing karate Mixed martial artists utilizing wrestling Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu Living people Mixed martial artists from Nevada Mixed martial arts broadcasters People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu Sportspeople from Las Vegas Ultimate Fighting Championship champions Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters Bellator male fighters

Francisco "<mask><mask> (; born May 24, 1979), is an American mixed martial artist and professional wrestler who most recently competed for Bellator MMA in the Heavyweight division. He formerly competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) for sixteen years. A former two-time UFC Heavyweight Champion, he holds the record for the most finishes and the most submission victories in UFC Heavyweight history. <mask> possessed the longest uninterrupted tenure of any fighter in UFC history, competing for the company from 2001 to 2016. He was the first man to knock out and the first to submit Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira. Background Born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada, <mask> began training and competing in American Kenpo at a school owned by his parents, earning his black belt as a teenager. <mask>'s father played a major role in convincing him to begin wrestling on the basis that it could help him avoid submissions.<mask> joined the wrestling team at Bonanza High School during his junior year and lost his first nine matches. During his senior year (1998) he went 44–1 and won the state championship. <mask> played fullback and defensive end on the school's football team, which reached the Southern Zone semifinals in 1997. He also competed in track and field; his discus throw of is still a Sunset Regional record. Career <mask> met UFC matchmaker Joe Silva at a Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) school. Silva saw potential in <mask> and suggested that he compete in mixed martial arts. <mask> made his professional debut against Jerome Smith at HOOKnSHOOT: Showdown on July 14, 2001.<mask> won the bout by unanimous decision after two rounds. He won his second fight by triangle choke in the first round, against Dan Quinn at IFC Warriors Challenge 15 on August 31, 2001. Ultimate Fighting Championship On November 2, 2001, at UFC 34: High Voltage, <mask> made his UFC debut against 6th degree BJJ black belt Roberto Traven. Traven had previously competed in the UFC (at UFC 11) and was the 1999 ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship open class champion. <mask> defeated Traven by armbar at 1:05 of round one, earning "Tapout of the Night" in the process. <mask>'s next UFC match was against Lion's Den fighter and eight-time UFC veteran Pete Williams at UFC 36: Worlds Collide on March 22, 2002. <mask> submitted Williams in 46 seconds with an inside shoulder lock that has since been named after himself.It was the only submission loss of Williams' career. <mask> faced Ian Freeman in London, England, at UFC 38: Brawl at the Hall on July 13, 2002. Despite several leglock attempts by <mask>, Freeman achieved side control four minutes into the first round and landed numerous punches and elbows to <mask>'s head. A time out was called due to a cut on <mask>'s face. After Freeman separated, the referee signaled to <mask> to stand back up and stopped the fight after <mask> struggled to do so. <mask> then faced Tank Abbott at UFC 41 on February 28, 2003. <mask> submitted Abbott with a toe hold in 46 seconds.On June 26, 2003, <mask> fought Wes Sims at UFC 43: Meltdown. <mask> won by disqualification at 2:55 of the first round after Sims stomped on <mask>'s jaw following a slam escape of an armbar attempt by <mask>. They would rematch at UFC 46: Supernatural on January 31, 2004. <mask> won by knockout at 4:21 of the second round. Heavyweight championship On June 19, 2004, <mask> faced Tim Sylvia for the vacant UFC Heavyweight Championship at UFC 48: Payback. Referee Herb Dean stopped the fight 50 seconds into the first round after <mask> broke Sylvia's right forearm with a straight armbar. Sylvia initially protested the call but relented following a replay of the break.<mask> earned his BJJ black belt from Ricardo Pires following this performance. Motorcycle injury On September 17, 2004, <mask> was knocked off his motorcycle by a car. The accident caused two breaks in <mask>'s femur and tore all the ligaments in his knee. An Interim Heavyweight Championship was created while <mask> recovered from surgery, which Andrei Arlovski won by defeating Tim Sylvia via first round submission. On August 12, 2005, the UFC learned that <mask> would not be able to face Andrei Arlovski in October as scheduled and stripped him of the title after 14 months, promoting Arlovski to undisputed UFC Heavyweight Champion. In 2010, <mask> told FIGHT! Magazine that he was grateful for the accident as it gave him time to be with his wife.Return to the UFC In his first bout since the accident, <mask> fought 4th degree BJJ black belt and six-time Mundials Champion Márcio Cruz at UFC 57: Liddell vs. Couture 3 on February 4, 2006. In a shocking upset, <mask> was defeated by first-round TKO. He returned to the octagon on July 8, 2006, at UFC 61: Bitter Rivals against Dan Christison. <mask> won by unanimous decision when all three judges scored the bout 29–28. <mask> was widely criticized following the bout due to his sloppy appearance and inability to finish a seemingly mismatched opponent. Despite the criticism, <mask> was subsequently matched with Brandon Vera at UFC 65: Bad Intentions to determine the number one contender. <mask> showed improved striking ability but was quickly stunned by a straight right from Vera, who then dropped him with knees from the Muay Thai clinch.Vera then secured side control and delivered a number of punches and elbows, forcing the referee to stop the fight at 1:09 of the first round. While preparing for UFC 140, <mask> attributed his poor performance in his initial return bouts to lingering health issues following the accident. Rise back to title contention <mask> was scheduled to fight kickboxer Antoni Hardonk at UFC Fight Night 9 on April 5, 2007, but had to drop out due to a shoulder injury. He faced Hardonk at UFC 74 and won via kimura at 1:17 of the first round. At the end of the bout, <mask> walked to the cameras pointing at himself saying "I'm back!". <mask>'s wife Jennifer was shown on the replay screaming and crying with joy when <mask> secured the kimura and the fight was stopped. On February 2, 2008, at UFC 81, <mask> welcomed former WWE wrestler Brock Lesnar to the octagon for Lesnar's highly anticipated debut.It took Lesnar less than 10 seconds to shoot for a takedown and muscle <mask> to the mat. However, seconds after Lesnar began to unload strikes from <mask>'s half guard, referee Steve Mazzagatti controversially deemed that there were some illegal punches landed to the back of <mask>'s head, drawing a foul and a one-point deduction. The fighters were ordered to stand up, and <mask> was given a brief recovery period. As the fight resumed, <mask> was almost instantly dropped with a big punch from Lesnar. Lesnar continued to land punches on <mask> and shucked off <mask>'s armbar attempt before moving to a stacked guard. It was here that <mask> caught Lesnar with a kneebar, causing Lesnar to tap out at 1:30 of the first round. <mask> was awarded with Submission of the Night honors.The Ultimate Fighter season 8 Spike TV announced on May 12, 2008, that former UFC champion <mask> would face off with the current UFC Interim Heavyweight Champion and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira as the coaches for the eighth season of The Ultimate Fighter. The season, which premiered on Spike TV on September 17, returned to the two weight class format. It featured Light heavyweight and Lightweight fighters. Production on season eight began in late May, with the entire cast announced in September, and concluded in December. Second heavyweight championship <mask> fought his fellow Ultimate Fighter coach, Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, at UFC 92 for the Interim UFC Heavyweight Championship. This bout was part of a mini-Heavyweight tournament, often hyped by UFC president Dana White. The winner of this fight would then face the winner of the match between the Heavyweight Champion Randy Couture and Brock Lesnar.Lesnar defeated Couture by TKO in the second round, earning him the Heavyweight Championship belt in the process and setting him up to face the winner of Nogueira/<mask> to unify the belts. In the fight with Nogueira, <mask> showcased vastly improved striking, particularly his boxing, knocking down the Brazilian twice in the first round and once in the second. Herb Dean stopped the match at 1:54 of the second round, declaring <mask> the winner. Nogueira's loss marked the first time he had lost a fight due to strikes. In a post-fight interview, <mask> credited his improved striking to a drastic improvement in conditioning. Two days after the fight, Dana White revealed in an interview that "Nogueira had just gotten over a Staph infection." Nogueira himself verified this fact several months later in his own interview, stating that he had a staph infection "20 days before the fight, [requiring] 5 days in the hospital."When asked if this infection affected his fight, he answered, "For sure." In addition to this illness, his knee was injured during training, for which he had surgery in February 2009. Despite these handicaps, Nogueira offered strong praise for <mask>'s performance, with particular credit given to <mask>'s ability to maintain "very good distance." Heavyweight championship unification <mask>'s victory over Nogueira set in place a re-match with the UFC Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar for the UFC Heavyweight Championship. However, <mask> stated, that in his opinion, holding victories over former UFC Interim Heavyweight Champion Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira at UFC 92 and current UFC Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar at UFC 81 is enough to recognize him as the owner of the "real belt." <mask> was originally scheduled to fight Lesnar at UFC 98 On May 23, 2009, in Las Vegas, Nevada, however, he sustained a knee injury during training which required arthroscopic surgery and the removal of bone chips from his knee. The rematch against Lesnar was therefore rescheduled for UFC 100 on July 11, 2009.The show would break many UFC records in terms of PPV sales and is in the top 3 best selling UFC PPV of all time. At UFC 100, <mask> was lively on his feet but proved unable to counter Lesnar's wrestling and positional dominance. Lesnar dominated the first round with superior wrestling. In the second round, after being allowed to stand up, <mask> landed a combination, ending with a turning right elbow which forced Lesnar to look for a clinch. <mask> took this opportunity to attempt a jumping right knee, which landed, but ultimately resulted in Lesnar securing another takedown. After a short period of recovery from the knee, Lesnar pinned <mask> up against the cage and delivered multiple unanswered heavy blows to his face, forcing referee Herb Dean to stop the fight via TKO at 1:48 in the second round. With the win, Lesnar became the undisputed UFC Heavyweight Champion.<mask> vs. Kongo <mask> had his next fight against Cheick Kongo on December 12, 2009, at UFC 107. Two months prior to this fight, <mask> replaced his striking coach Ken Hahn with boxing trainer Jimmy Gifford. <mask> was expected to weigh 20 to 25 lbs heavier than usual, due to the strength and conditioning program that he had undertaken to improve his muscular frame. As expected, <mask> weighed in for his fight against Kongo at 264.5 lbs. At the weigh-ins, Kongo refused to face <mask> during the traditional stare-down before the fight. During the fight, <mask> stunned Kongo with an overhand left early, dropping him and swarming to secure a guillotine choke victory at 1:12 in the first round. Kongo refused to tap and was rendered unconscious by the choke.In the post-fight press conference, <mask> expressed his desire to fight a rubber match with Brock Lesnar. <mask> later created controversy after commenting that he wanted to break Lesnar's neck, so that he would become the first mixed martial artist to die in competition. <mask> later made an apology for his comments after being admonished by Dana White. Interim Heavyweight Championship bout <mask> faced Shane Carwin for the UFC Interim Heavyweight Championship on March 27, 2010, at UFC 111. After a brief standup exchange, Carwin pushed <mask> against the cage, where he delivered several short uppercuts to <mask>'s chin. <mask> lost the fight via knockout at 3:48 of the first round. Second rise back to title contention At a UFC Fan Expo, <mask> said he briefly considered dropping down to the Light heavyweight division, although he later confirmed he would remain at Heavyweight.He was expected to face Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on September 25, 2010, at UFC 119 in a rematch of the Interim Championship bout which <mask> won via TKO at UFC 92. Nogueira pulled out of this fight due to knee surgery and was replaced by <mask> Cro Cop. <mask> defeated <mask> Cro Cop via third-round knockout, earning the win with a knee from the clinch in a largely uneventful fight in which neither fighter was able to deliver any significant offense. <mask> faced former IFL Heavyweight Champion Roy Nelson on May 28, 2011, at UFC 130. He won via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, and 30–26) by using superior control and constant pressure. <mask> showed improved wrestling by pushing Nelson against the cage, completing a Judo hip throw and securing several takedowns in the third round. <mask> landed several hard knees and elbows from the Muay Thai clinch throughout the bout but was unable to finish the durable Nelson.A rematch with Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira took place on December 10, 2011, at UFC 140. In the bout, <mask> was dropped during the first round by a punch from Nogueira, and the bout was nearly stopped. <mask> quickly recovered and gained superior positioning, defeating Nogueira by kimura at 3:38 of round 1, snapping Nogueira's arm in the process, as Nogueira refused to tap. Along with being the first fighter to have finished Nogueira via knockout, <mask> became the first fighter to have defeated Nogueira via submission in mixed martial arts. The victory also earned <mask> Submission of the Night honors. UFC President Dana White called it the "submission of the century" at the post-fight press conference. Third title shot and beyond <mask> was expected to face Cain Velasquez on May 25, 2012, at UFC 146.However, on April 20, 2012, Dana White announced that <mask> would face Brazilian Junior dos Santos for the UFC Heavyweight Championship, replacing kickboxer Alistair Overeem. On May 11, 2012, UFC Primetime returned to promote the fight between <mask> and dos Santos, and concluded on May 25. In their fight, dos Santos was able to use superior foot work to strike in and out before <mask> could mount any significant offense. <mask> lost the fight via TKO in the second round and said he would have to go back to the drawing board to continue his career. Later in 2012, the UFC announced that <mask> had been given a one fight sabbatical to compete under the Strikeforce banner to challenge Strikeforce Heavyweight Grand Prix Tournament Champion Daniel Cormier. The bout with Cormier was expected to take place on November 3, 2012, at Strikeforce: Cormier vs. <mask>. However, on September 19 it was revealed that <mask> suffered an injury in training and was forced to pull out of the bout.The bout with Cormier was rescheduled for April 20, 2013, at UFC on Fox 7. <mask> lost the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> faced returning former UFC Heavyweight Champion Josh Barnett on August 31, 2013, at UFC 164. <mask> lost via TKO in the first round. <mask> was scheduled to face Alistair Overeem on November 16, 2013, at UFC 167. However, the pairing was moved to February 1, 2014, at UFC 169. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision.<mask> was expected to face Antônio Silva on February 28, 2015, at UFC 184. However, the bout with Silva was moved up a week and served as the event headliner for UFC Fight Night 61. Despite being the betting underdog, <mask> won the fight via knockout in the first round, dropping Silva with a left hook and finishing him with a barrage of ground and pound. Subsequently, <mask> won a Performance of the Night bonus. <mask> faced Todd Duffee at UFC Fight Night 71 on July 15, 2015. He won the fight via knockout in the first round after dropping Duffee with a straight left. Referee "Big" John McCarthy immediately stepped in to stop the fight as Duffee face planted onto the mat.<mask> earned his second consecutive Performance of the Night bonus. <mask> faced Andrei Arlovski on September 5, 2015, at UFC 191. He lost the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision, although some, including UFC president Dana White, scored the fight in his favor. 12 of 15 media outlets, however, scored the bout in favor of Arlovski. <mask> faced Mark Hunt on March 20, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 85 in Brisbane, Australia. He lost the fight via KO in the first round. On April 7, 2016, <mask> was notified by the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) that the sample he submitted the day of the fight tested positive for oral turinabol metabolites.In a statement, <mask> responded, "I don't know how that is possible as I do not take any performance enhancing drugs (PEDs)." He was nonetheless suspended for two years. Speaking in early 2017 <mask> opened up to a radio show about retirement rumors indicating he was still interested in actively competing, and a potential comeback. <mask> indicated interest in a third Brock Lesnar fight. On July 8, 2017, <mask> announced that he had been granted his release from the UFC after nearly 16 years with the promotion, despite having six fights left on his contract. Bellator MMA On August 16, 2017, it was announced that <mask> had signed a multi-fight deal with Bellator MMA. In his debut fight for the promotion, <mask> faced Fedor Emelianenko at Bellator 198 on April 28, 2018.The bout was part of the opening round of the Bellator Heavyweight Tournament. He lost the fight via TKO in round one. In his second fight for the promotion, <mask> faced Javy Ayala at Bellator 212 on December 14, 2018. <mask> successfully won the first round by taking Ayala down and controlling him on the ground. However, Ayala rallied in the second round and <mask> eventually lost by TKO after tapping to punches that caused an alveolar ridge fracture. <mask> faced Roy Nelson in a rematch of their 2011 UFC bout on October 25, 2019, in the main event of Bellator 231. He won via unanimous decision.On April 1, 2020, <mask>'s contract with Bellator expired, making him a free agent. Professional wrestling In January 2019, Josh Barnett announced via Twitter that <mask> would be making his professional wrestling debut for Game Changer Wrestling's Bloodsport event, an independent wrestling event that features worked matches presented in an MMA style. <mask>'s debut coincided with WrestleMania 35 weekend on Thursday, April 4. On March 17, it was announced that <mask>'s debut match would be against former UFC Superfight Champion and former NWA World Heavyweight Champion Dan Severn. <mask> defeated Severn, and post-match called out former UFC rival Brock Lesnar. Professional boxing On February 25, 2021, <mask> announced he would be making his professional boxing debut against former multi-time light heavyweight and cruiserweight boxing champion Antonio Tarver on April 17 on the undercard of Jake Paul vs. Ben Askren. However, on March 23, it was revealed that Tarver was pulled from the bout after failing to meet the requirements to compete put forth by the Georgia Athletic and Entertainment Commission.<mask> instead faced former IBF cruiserweight champion Steve Cunningham at the event, losing by unanimous decision. Triad Combat On November 27, 2021, <mask> faced Kubrat Pulev in the main event of a boxing vs MMA card promoted by Triller that featured other UFC veterans. <mask> lost the fight via TKO in the 1st round. Commentary and opinionist <mask> was a color commentator for World Extreme Cagefighting until the 2010 WEC 47, when he was replaced by Stephan Bonnar. In June 2012, <mask> stated in an interview with The Chronicle-Journal that he wants to pursue commentary after he retires from fighting. "I like analyzing fights, and I like doing color commentating," he said. "It's an opportunity I would take advantage of when I run into it.Hopefully it's something I can do full time". <mask> was appointed in 2015 the color commentator for Absolute Championship Berkut. In February 2021 USA TODAY printed an op-ed in which <mask> and an executive director of the American Principles Project were hostile to the proposed Equality Act because "Our athlete daughters shouldn't have to compete with transgender women" who take female hormones. They raised the specter "of increased risk of severe injury based on physical differences" and noted that "biological male athletes have an insurmountable physical advantage over biological female athletes". They felt that "the entirety of women's athletics would be deeply imperiled". Personal life <mask> and his wife Jennifer have three children together, and Jennifer has a son from a previous relationship whom <mask> adopted. <mask>'s oldest biological child, Bella, is also a professional mixed martial artist.<mask> is an atheist and a Libertarian. He followed a vegan diet for a year but switched to a Paleo diet due to lack of energy. He suffers from low testosterone and underwent testosterone replacement therapy from 2012 until its banning from combat sports in 2014. <mask>'s daughter, <mask>, has also embarked upon a professional MMA career, winning her debut in October, 2020 with her father in her corner. <mask> worked as a bouncer at the Spearmint Rhino in Las Vegas before entering the UFC and continued to work there as Director of Security while pursuing his UFC career. In January 2016, it was announced that <mask> would be inducted into the Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame. Championships and achievements Mixed martial arts Ultimate Fighting Championship UFC Heavyweight Championship (One time) Interim UFC Heavyweight Championship (One time) Submission of the Night (Two times) vs. Brock Lesnar and Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira Performance of the Night (Two times) vs. Antônio Silva and Todd Duffee Second most wins in UFC Heavyweight division (16) Second most fights in UFC Heavyweight division (27) Most finishes in UFC Heavyweight division (13) Second most first round finishes in UFC history (10) Third most wins by submission in UFC (8) Most wins by submission in UFC Heavyweight division (8) First and only toe hold finish in UFC history Fastest submission in UFC Heavyweight division (45 seconds) Fought five different UFC Heavyweight Champions Defeated three different UFC Heavyweight Champions 2011 Submission of the Year vs. Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on December 10 2011 Comeback Of The Year vs Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira on December 10 Tied for the 2nd most Finishes in UFC History (13) Tied for the 4th most Victories in UFC History (16) Tied for Most fights in UFC history (27) with Tito Ortiz and Michael Bisping FIGHT!

Francisco "<mask><mask> is an American mixed martial artist and professional wrestler who most recently competed for Bellator MMA. He competed in the UFC for sixteen years. He holds the record for the most finishes and submission victories in UFC history. <mask> competed for the company from 2001 to 2016 and was the longest tenured fighter in UFC history. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada, <mask> began training and competing in American Kenpo at a school owned by his parents, earning his black belt as a teenager. <mask>'s father helped convince him to start wrestling because it would help him avoid submissions.Mir was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The school's football team reached the Southern Zone semifinals in 1997. His discus throw is still a Sunset Regional record. Career Mir met Joe Silva at a BJJ school. Mir was suggested to compete in mixed martial arts by Silva. At HOOKnSHOOT: Showdown on July 14, 2001, Mir made his professional debut.The bout was won by unanimous decision. He won his second fight by triangle choke in the first round. On November 2, 2001, <mask> made his UFC debut against Roberto Traven. Traven was a Submission Wrestling World Championship open class champion and competed in the UFC. "Tapout of the Night" was earned by <mask> after he defeated Traven by armbar at 1:05 of round one. Pete Williams was <mask>'s opponent at UFC 36: Worlds Collide on March 22, 2002. <mask> named his inside shoulder lock after himself after he submitted Williams in 46 seconds.Williams' only submission loss was this one. At UFC 38: Brawl at the Hall on July 13, 2002, <mask> faced Ian Freeman. Four minutes into the first round, Freeman achieved side control and landed a lot of punches to <mask>'s head. <mask> had a cut on his face. The referee stopped the fight after <mask> struggled to stand up. On February 28, 2003 <mask> faced Tank Abbott. <mask> held Abbott with a toe hold.On June 26, 2003 <mask> fought Wes Sims. <mask> won by disqualification at 2:55 of the first round after Sims stomped on <mask>'s jaw following a slam escape of an armbar attempt. They would face off at UFC 46: Supernatural on January 31, 2004. <mask> won by knockout in the second round. At UFC 48: Payback, <mask> faced Tim Sylvia for the vacant UFC Heavyweight Championship. The fight was stopped 50 seconds into the first round after <mask> broke Sylvia's arm with a straight armbar. Sylvia relented after a replay of the break.<mask> earned his black belt after this performance. <mask> was knocked off his motorcycle by a car. Two breaks in <mask>'s leg were caused by the accident. While <mask> recovered from surgery, an interim title was created, which was won by Andrei Arlovski. On August 12, 2005, the UFC learned that <mask> would not be able to face Arlovski in October as scheduled and stripped him of the title after 14 months. In 2010 <mask> spoke. He was thankful that the accident gave him time to be with his wife.<mask> fought Mrcio Cruz in the UFC on February 4, 2006 in his first bout since the accident. <mask> was defeated in the first round. He returned to the UFC on July 8, 2006 against Dan Christison. The judges scored the bout 29–28 for <mask>. <mask> was criticized for his sloppy appearance and inability to finish his opponent. Despite the criticism, <mask> was matched with Brandon Vera to determine the number one contender. <mask> showed improved striking ability but was quickly stunned by a straight right from Vera, who then dropped him with knees from the Muay Thai clinch.Vera was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 <mask> blamed his poor performance in his initial return bouts to health issues after the accident. <mask> was scheduled to fight Antoni Hardonk at UFC Fight Night 9 on April 5, 2007, but had to withdraw due to a shoulder injury. He defeated Hardonk via kimura in the first round of UFC 74. At the end of the fight, <mask> pointed to himself and said "I'm back!". When <mask> secured the kimura, his wife screamed and cried with joy as the fight was stopped. On February 2, 2008, at UFC 81, Mir welcomed Brock to the octagon for his highly anticipated debut.It took less than 10 seconds for <mask> to be muscled to the mat. There were some illegal punches landed to the back of <mask>'s head, which resulted in a foul and a one-point deduction. <mask> was given a brief recovery period after the fighters were ordered to stand up. <mask> was almost dropped by a big punch as the fight resumed. Lesnar continued to land punches on <mask> before moving to a stacked guard. In the first round, <mask> caught Lesnar with a kneebar, causing him to tap out. <mask> received Submission of the Night honors.The eighth season of The Ultimate Fighter was announced on May 12th, 2008, and it will feature former UFC champion <mask> as a coach. The format of the season was the two weight class format. Light fighters were featured. The production of season eight began in May and ended in December. <mask> defeated Nogueira for the Interim UFC Heavyweight Championship. The bout was part of a mini-Heavyweight tournament. The winner of this fight would face the winner of the Brock and Randy match.The winner of the Nogueira/<mask> fight will face the winner of the Lesnar/Coutey fight to unify the belts. In the fight with Nogueira, <mask> showcased vastly improved striking, particularly his boxing, knocking down the Brazilian twice in the first round and once in the second. The match was stopped at 1:54 of the second round. Nogueira had lost a fight for the first time due to strikes. In a post-fight interview, <mask> credited his improved striking to a drastic improvement in conditioning. In an interview two days after the fight, Dana White said that Nogueira had just gotten over a Staph infection. In his own interview, Nogueira stated that he had a staph infection 20 days before the fight and needed 5 days in the hospital.He said that the infection affected his fight. He had surgery on his knee in February 2009, after he was injured during training. <mask>'s ability to maintain "very good distance" was praised by Nogueira, despite the handicaps. <mask>'s victory over Nogueira set in motion a re- match with Brock Lesnar for the UFC Heavyweight Championship. <mask> believes that he is the owner of the "real belt" because of his victories over Nogueira at UFC 92 and Lesnar at UFC 81. On May 23, 2009, in Las Vegas, Nevada, he sustained a knee injury during training which required arthroscopic surgery and the removal of bone chips from his knee. The UFC 100 will take place on July 11, 2009.The show broke many UFC records and is one of the best selling UFC shows of all time. At UFC 100, <mask> was lively on his feet but was unable to counter the dominance of the other wrestlers. The wrestler dominated the first round. In the second round, after being allowed to stand up, <mask> landed a combination, ending with a turning right elbow which forced Lesnar to look for a finish. <mask> attempted a jumping right knee, which landed, but ultimately resulted in him being taken down by Lesnar. After a short period of recovery from the knee, Lesnar pinned <mask> against the cage and delivered multiple unanswered heavy blows to his face, forcing the referee to stop the fight at 1:48 in the second round. With the win, he became the undisputed UFC champ.The next fight for <mask> was against Cheick Kongo. <mask> replaced his striking coach with a boxing trainer two months before the fight. <mask> was expected to be 20 to 25 lbs heavier than usual due to the strength and conditioning program he had undertaken to improve his muscular frame. <mask> weighed in at 264.5 lbs. for his fight with Kongo. Kongo refused to face <mask> at the weigh-ins. In the first round, <mask> stunned Kongo with an overhand left, dropping him and swarming to secure a guillotine choke victory. Kongo was rendered unconscious by the choke.In the post-fight press conference, <mask> expressed his desire to fight Brock Lesnar. <mask> caused controversy when he said that he would be the first mixed martial artist to die in competition if he broke Lesnar's neck. <mask> apologized after Dana White admonished him. On March 27, 2010, <mask> faced off against Carwin for the UFC Interim Heavyweight Championship. Carwin delivered several short uppercuts to <mask>'s chin after pushing him against the cage. <mask> was knocked out in the first round. At a UFC Fan expo, <mask> said he briefly considered dropping down to the Light-Heavyweight division, but later confirmed he would remain at his current weight class.He was supposed to face Nogueira for the second time after <mask> won the Interim Championship at UFC 92. Nogueira had knee surgery and was replaced by <mask> Cro Cop. <mask> defeated <mask> Cro Cop via third-round knockout, earning the win with a knee from the clinch in a fight in which neither fighter was able to deliver any significant offense. Roy Nelson faced <mask> at UFC 130. He won by using superior control and constant pressure. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Mir was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217On December 10, 2011, at UFC 140, there was a sequel to the first one. <mask> was dropped by a punch from Nogueira in the first round and the bout was almost stopped. <mask> defeated Nogueira by kimura at 3:38 of round 1, snapping Nogueira's arm in the process, as Nogueira refused to tap. <mask> became the first fighter to have defeated Nogueira via submission in mixed martial arts, after finishing Nogueira via knockout. Mir Submission of the Night was earned by the victory. The submission was called the "submission of the century" by UFC President Dana White. The third title shot for <mask> was expected to take place on May 25, 2012 at UFC 146.On April 20, 2012 Dana White announced that <mask> would face Junior dosSantos for the UFC title. UFC Primetime was back on May 11, 2012 to promote the fight between <mask> and dos Santos. DosSantos was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Mir said he would have to go back to the drawing board to continue his career after he was knocked out in the second round. <mask> was given a one fight sabbatical by the UFC to compete under the Strikeforce banner to challenge Daniel Cormier. The bout was supposed to take place on November 3, 2012 at Strikeforce: Cormier vs. Mir. On September 19 it was revealed that <mask> was forced to pull out of the bout due to an injury.April 20 is the new date for the bout with Cormier. <mask> was defeated by a unanimous decision. Josh Barnett was returning to the UFC on August 31, 2013). <mask> was defeated in the first round. <mask> was to face Overeem at UFC 167. The pair was moved to February 1, 2014, at UFC 169. <mask> lost the fight.<mask> was supposed to face Silva at UFC 184. The bout with Silva was moved up a week and was the main event for UFC Fight Night 61. In the first round, <mask> dropped Silva with a left hook and finished him with a flurry of ground and pound. <mask> received a Performance of the Night bonus. At UFC Fight Night 71, <mask> faced Todd Duffee. He won the fight with a knockout in the first round. John McCarthy stopped the fight as Duffee face was planted onto the mat.<mask> received his second Performance of the Night bonus. On September 5, 2015, <mask> faced Arlovski. Dana White scored the fight in his favor, although he lost the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision. Arlovski won the bout in favor of the media outlets. At UFC Fight Night 85 in Australia, <mask> faced Mark Hunt. He lost the fight in the first round. On April 7, 2016 <mask> was notified by the USADA that the sample he submitted the day of the fight tested positive for oral turinabol.<mask> said, "I don't know how that is possible as I don't take any performance enhancing drugs." He was suspended for two years. <mask> opened up to a radio show about his desire to compete and possibly return to the ring. <mask> was interested in a third Brock fight. <mask> was granted his release from the UFC after 16 years, despite having six fights left on his contract. On August 16, it was announced that <mask> had signed a multi-fight deal. <mask> faced Fedor Emelianenko in his first fight for the promotion.The bout was part of the tournament. He lost the fight in the first round. <mask> faced Javy Ayala in his second fight for the promotion. <mask> won the first round by MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE MzE Mir lost by TKO after he tapped to punches that caused an alveolar ridge fracture. In the main event of Bellator 231, <mask> faced Roy Nelson for the second time. He won by unanimous decision.<mask> was a free agent after his contract with Bellator expired. Josh Barnett announced in January that <mask> would be making his professional wrestling debut for Game Changer Wrestling's Bloodsport event, an independent wrestling event that features worked matches presented in an MMA style. It was on Thursday, April 4 that <mask>'s debut took place. On March 17, it was announced that <mask>'s debut match would be against Dan Severn. Brock Lesnar was called out by <mask> after the match. <mask> will make his professional boxing debut against Antonio Tarver on April 17 on the undercard of Jake Paul vs. Ben Askren. Tarver was pulled from the bout after failing to meet the requirements to compete put forth by the Georgia Athletic and Entertainment Commission.Steve Cunningham defeated <mask> by a unanimous decision. The main event of a boxing vs MMA card was promoted by Triller and featured other UFC veterans. The fight was stopped in the first round. Stephan Bonnar replaced <mask> as a color commentator for World Extreme Cagefighting. <mask> stated in an interview with The Chronicle-Journal that he wants to commentary after he retires from fighting. He likes analyzing fights and doing color commentating. When I run into it, I would take advantage of it.I hope it's something I can do full time. <mask> was the color commentator for the tournament. <mask> and an executive director of the American Principles Project were against the Equality Act because they felt that athletes shouldn't have to compete with women who take female hormones. They said that "biological male athletes have an insurmountable physical advantage over biological female athletes" and raised the possibility of increased risk of severe injury based on physical differences. The entire of women's athletics would be at risk. <mask> and his wife have three children together and a son from a previous relationship. <mask>'s oldest child is a professional mixed martial artist.<mask> is a Libertarian. He switched to a Paleo diet due to lack of energy after following a vegan diet for a year. He underwent testosterone replacement therapy until it was banned from combat sports. The daughter of <mask> has embarked upon a professional MMA career, winning her debut in October of 2020 with her father in her corner. <mask> worked as a bouncer at the Spearmint Rhino in Las Vegas before entering the UFC and continued to work there as Director of Security while pursuing his UFC career. In January of 2016 it was announced that <mask> would be in the Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame. Submission of the Night and Performance of the Night are two of the UFC's proudest achievements.

38009924

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe%20Simon

Abe Simon

Abraham Simon (May 30, 1913 – October 24, 1969) was an American professional heavyweight boxer. He fought Joe Louis for the world heavyweight title twice. He was managed for most of his career by Jimmy Johnston, and trained by Freddie Brown. In 1940, he was rated the sixth best heavyweight in the world, and would rise higher in the next two years. After retiring, he became an actor and had roles in two of America's best known boxing movies, Academy Award winner On the Waterfront, and Requiem for a Heavyweight. Early life Simon was born to Jewish parents Max and Rose in Richmond Hill, Queens, New York on May 30, 1913, and attended John Adams High School. He was a star lineman on his high school football team and was an interscholastic shot-put champion before taking up boxing. During a High School football game, several boxing promoters in the crowd noticed his strength and told him if he pursued boxing, he could have a lucrative career and they could arrange for him to be trained by the legendary trainer and cut man Freddie Brown. Brown trained many of boxing's greatest including Italian champions Rocky Marciano, and Graziano, and later Larry Holmes and Robert Duran. While pursuing his boxing career in his 20s he worked as a police patrolman in Long Beach, New York. Professional boxing career Early career Making a stir in his professional debut in March, 1935, at the age of 21, he knocked out Jim Dowling at the Jamaica Arena in Queens, New York. According to most sources, in an impressive display, he won his next thirteen fights, and nearly all by knockout. His two most notable early career losses against well known adversaries came against Lou Nova in 1936 in a six-round points decision and the six-foot-six Buddy Baer, brother of Max, who knocked him out in three rounds in 1937. In a rare loss on January 22, 1940, he dropped a decision to Willie Reddish in a well-attended match in Philadelphia. Simon was down twice in the match, and Reddish was given eight of the ten rounds. Reddish peppered Simon's body and jaw with left hooks and right swings, and won an easy decision. In the prior month on December 6, 1939, Simon had defeated Reddish in a fourth-round TKO in Philadelphia. As was not uncommon in Simon's matches, he had a sizable weight advantage over his opponent, in this instance a remarkable fifty-six pounds. The match took a turn for the worse in the fourth when the two boxers' heads clashed, and Reddish received a bad gash on his forehead, leading to the referee ending the fight from a technical knockout in the fourth. Knockout of Jersey Joe Walcott In one of his most memorable victories, in a ramp up to the heavyweight title, he knocked out the legendary Jersey Joe Walcott, a future heavyweight champion, in six rounds in Newark, New Jersey, on February 12, 1940. A heavyweight in every sense, he benefitted from a remarkable sixty-two pound weight advantage in the match. Behind in points in the first five rounds, Simon unleashed a tremendous right to the mouth of Walcott 2:32 into the sixth causing the knockout, and Walcott barely moved as he was counted out by the referee. In a well-attended match against a known opponent, Simon defeated Eddie Blunt in a ten-round points decision at the Meadowbrook Bowl in Newark, New Jersey on May 20, 1940. The last three rounds were fought in a heavy rain in the outdoor arena. Simon outweighed Blunt by 28 pounds, and persevered to pull off the win with a points victory. In one of his best known victories against a highly rated adversary, he defeated Roscoe Toles on December 6, 1940, in a ten-round unanimous decision before 5000 at Detroit's Olympia Stadium. After the fight, boxing promoter Mike Jacobs announced his intention to match Simon with Louis for the heavyweight championship. Simon performed better fighting in close, and was unaffected by a few punches to the jaw. There were no knockdowns in the match. Though Simon was the clear winner, the Detroit Free Press wrote that Toles more than held up his end of the fight looking far better in the fourth, and that only in the final rounds did Simon, showing greater endurance, take the fight to Toles. He also had a heavily publicized win over Finland's Gunnar Barlund on October 7, 1940 in a ten-round points decision at New York's St. Nicholas Arena. Barlund was soundly defeated suffering a cut eye and chin early in the match, and winning no more than two of the ten rounds. World heavyweight contender In his first attempt at the world heavyweight championship, on March 21, 1941, he lost to reigning heavyweight champion Joe Louis before a record crowd of 19,000 at Detroit's Olympia Stadium in a 13th-round technical knockout. He was assisted in training for that match by the first African-American World Heavyweight Champion, Jack Johnson. In the most valiant effort of his career against his greatest adversary, many ringside experts gave Simon the second, fourth, sixth, tenth, and eleventh rounds. According to one source, when Louis knocked him down in the first round, it was the first knockdown of his professional career. Simon even managed to stagger Louis briefly in the seventh. Though he was down repeatedly in the thirteenth before the referee called the fight, his ability to withstand the blows of Louis and win four rounds placed him as a serious heavyweight contender in his mid-career. After the fight, Louis told reporters, "for a big guy, he was pretty good and just about as tough as they come". He lost to Louis again in his second and final attempt at the heavyweight title, at the coveted venue of Madison Square Garden on March 27, 1942, in a sixth-round technical knockout. He was down at the bell in both the second and fifth rounds. Before 18,000 fans, Simon fought through a bruising attack by Louis, lumbering into the fourth round and connecting with a few blows, before succumbing to a brutal attack in the opening of the sixth. Louis was fighting for the Army for the first time, and though he was fitter than in his first match with Simon, he was hoping for a quick knockout to avoid injury as he received no purse for the fight. The match was a benefit for the Army Relief Fund, which helped both boxer's reputations and garnered a larger audience, including many servicemen. Film and television Between 1940–1962, Simon acted in short roles in several TV series, had parts in four movies and appeared in a documentary short featuring his 1942 world championship fight with Joe Louis. Careers after boxing and death Continuing his career in law enforcement after his second loss to Louis, he was appointed Deputy Police Commissioner of Long Beach in 1942. From 1947–1956, he had a successful part-time career as a boxing referee in the New York area. For most of his adult life he lived on 215th Street in Long Island's Bayside Hills, in Queens, New York. He began working as a detective at Roosevelt Raceway in 1957, and after suffering from arthritis, switched to Public Relations around 1966. He died on October 24, 1969 at Meadowbrook Hospital in East Meadow, Long Island, leaving a wife, Rita (Siebel), whom he had married in 1942, and two children, Alfred and Kathleen. A week before his death, he had been working in his Public Relations job for the Roosevelt Raceway, when he suffered a serious heart attack. He was buried at Mount Ararat Cemetery in East Farmingdale, Suffolk County, New York. Selected bouts |- | align="center" colspan=8|6 Wins,5 Losses,1 Draw |- | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result/Duration | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes |- | Win | Jim Dowling | Mar 11, 1935 | Jamaica, Queens | 2nd Rnd. KO | Boxing debut |- | Loss | Lou Nova | Oct 21, 1936 | New York, New York | 6 Rnds Points | Rare early loss |- | Loss | Buddy Baer | Aug 30, 1937 | Yankee Stad., Bronx | 3rd Rnd TKO | Rare early loss |- | Win | Willie Reddish | Dec 6, 1939 | Philadelphia | 4 Rnd TKO | Reddish had gash on his forehead |- | Loss | Willie Reddish | Jan 22, 1940 | Philadelphia | 10 Rnds Points | Simon floored twice |- | Win | Jersey Joe Walcott | Feb 12, 1940 | Laurel Garden, Newark, NJ | 6th Rnd KO | Walcott, future heavywt. champ |- | Win | Eddie Blunt | May 20, 1940 | Newark, New Jersey | 10 Rnd Points | Fought in the rain |- | Win | Roscoe Toles | Dec 6, 1940 | Detroit, MI | 10 Rnds | Unanimous Dec. |- | Win | Gunnar Barlund | Oct. 7, 1940 | New York, New York | 10 Rnd Points Dec. | At St. Nicholas Arena |- | Loss | Joe Louis | Mar 21, 1941 | Detroit, Michigan | 13th Rnd TKO | Heavyweight title match* |- | style="background: #dae2f1"|*Draw* | Turkey Thompson | Oct 6, 1941 | Los Angeles, CA | 10 Rnd Points | Well-publicized match |- | Loss | Joe Louis | Mar 27, 1942 | Mad. Sq. Garden, NY | 6th Rnd TKO | Heavyweight title match*19,000 fans |- References External links 1913 births 1969 deaths Heavyweight boxers Male actors from New York City People from Bayside, Queens People from Richmond Hill, Queens Boxers from New York City 20th-century American male actors American male boxers Jewish boxers Jewish American boxers 20th-century American Jews

<mask> (May 30, 1913 – October 24, 1969) was an American professional heavyweight boxer. He fought Joe Louis for the world heavyweight title twice. He was managed for most of his career by Jimmy Johnston, and trained by Freddie Brown. In 1940, he was rated the sixth best heavyweight in the world, and would rise higher in the next two years. After retiring, he became an actor and had roles in two of America's best known boxing movies, Academy Award winner On the Waterfront, and Requiem for a Heavyweight. Early life <mask> was born to Jewish parents Max and Rose in Richmond Hill, Queens, New York on May 30, 1913, and attended John Adams High School. He was a star lineman on his high school football team and was an interscholastic shot-put champion before taking up boxing.During a High School football game, several boxing promoters in the crowd noticed his strength and told him if he pursued boxing, he could have a lucrative career and they could arrange for him to be trained by the legendary trainer and cut man Freddie Brown. Brown trained many of boxing's greatest including Italian champions Rocky Marciano, and Graziano, and later Larry Holmes and Robert Duran. While pursuing his boxing career in his 20s he worked as a police patrolman in Long Beach, New York. Professional boxing career Early career Making a stir in his professional debut in March, 1935, at the age of 21, he knocked out Jim Dowling at the Jamaica Arena in Queens, New York. According to most sources, in an impressive display, he won his next thirteen fights, and nearly all by knockout. His two most notable early career losses against well known adversaries came against Lou Nova in 1936 in a six-round points decision and the six-foot-six Buddy Baer, brother of Max, who knocked him out in three rounds in 1937. In a rare loss on January 22, 1940, he dropped a decision to Willie Reddish in a well-attended match in Philadelphia.<mask> was down twice in the match, and Reddish was given eight of the ten rounds. Reddish peppered <mask>'s body and jaw with left hooks and right swings, and won an easy decision. In the prior month on December 6, 1939, <mask> had defeated Reddish in a fourth-round TKO in Philadelphia. As was not uncommon in <mask>'s matches, he had a sizable weight advantage over his opponent, in this instance a remarkable fifty-six pounds. The match took a turn for the worse in the fourth when the two boxers' heads clashed, and Reddish received a bad gash on his forehead, leading to the referee ending the fight from a technical knockout in the fourth. Knockout of Jersey Joe Walcott In one of his most memorable victories, in a ramp up to the heavyweight title, he knocked out the legendary Jersey Joe Walcott, a future heavyweight champion, in six rounds in Newark, New Jersey, on February 12, 1940. A heavyweight in every sense, he benefitted from a remarkable sixty-two pound weight advantage in the match.Behind in points in the first five rounds, <mask> unleashed a tremendous right to the mouth of Walcott 2:32 into the sixth causing the knockout, and Walcott barely moved as he was counted out by the referee. In a well-attended match against a known opponent, <mask> defeated Eddie Blunt in a ten-round points decision at the Meadowbrook Bowl in Newark, New Jersey on May 20, 1940. The last three rounds were fought in a heavy rain in the outdoor arena. <mask> outweighed Blunt by 28 pounds, and persevered to pull off the win with a points victory. In one of his best known victories against a highly rated adversary, he defeated Roscoe Toles on December 6, 1940, in a ten-round unanimous decision before 5000 at Detroit's Olympia Stadium. After the fight, boxing promoter Mike Jacobs announced his intention to match <mask> with Louis for the heavyweight championship. <mask> performed better fighting in close, and was unaffected by a few punches to the jaw.There were no knockdowns in the match. Though <mask> was the clear winner, the Detroit Free Press wrote that Toles more than held up his end of the fight looking far better in the fourth, and that only in the final rounds did <mask>, showing greater endurance, take the fight to Toles. He also had a heavily publicized win over Finland's Gunnar Barlund on October 7, 1940 in a ten-round points decision at New York's St. Nicholas Arena. Barlund was soundly defeated suffering a cut eye and chin early in the match, and winning no more than two of the ten rounds. World heavyweight contender In his first attempt at the world heavyweight championship, on March 21, 1941, he lost to reigning heavyweight champion Joe Louis before a record crowd of 19,000 at Detroit's Olympia Stadium in a 13th-round technical knockout. He was assisted in training for that match by the first African-American World Heavyweight Champion, Jack Johnson. In the most valiant effort of his career against his greatest adversary, many ringside experts gave <mask> the second, fourth, sixth, tenth, and eleventh rounds.According to one source, when Louis knocked him down in the first round, it was the first knockdown of his professional career. <mask> even managed to stagger Louis briefly in the seventh. Though he was down repeatedly in the thirteenth before the referee called the fight, his ability to withstand the blows of Louis and win four rounds placed him as a serious heavyweight contender in his mid-career. After the fight, Louis told reporters, "for a big guy, he was pretty good and just about as tough as they come". He lost to Louis again in his second and final attempt at the heavyweight title, at the coveted venue of Madison Square Garden on March 27, 1942, in a sixth-round technical knockout. He was down at the bell in both the second and fifth rounds. Before 18,000 fans, <mask> fought through a bruising attack by Louis, lumbering into the fourth round and connecting with a few blows, before succumbing to a brutal attack in the opening of the sixth.Louis was fighting for the Army for the first time, and though he was fitter than in his first match with <mask>, he was hoping for a quick knockout to avoid injury as he received no purse for the fight. The match was a benefit for the Army Relief Fund, which helped both boxer's reputations and garnered a larger audience, including many servicemen. Film and television Between 1940–1962, <mask> acted in short roles in several TV series, had parts in four movies and appeared in a documentary short featuring his 1942 world championship fight with Joe Louis. Careers after boxing and death Continuing his career in law enforcement after his second loss to Louis, he was appointed Deputy Police Commissioner of Long Beach in 1942. From 1947–1956, he had a successful part-time career as a boxing referee in the New York area. For most of his adult life he lived on 215th Street in Long Island's Bayside Hills, in Queens, New York. He began working as a detective at Roosevelt Raceway in 1957, and after suffering from arthritis, switched to Public Relations around 1966.He died on October 24, 1969 at Meadowbrook Hospital in East Meadow, Long Island, leaving a wife, Rita (Siebel), whom he had married in 1942, and two children, Alfred and Kathleen. A week before his death, he had been working in his Public Relations job for the Roosevelt Raceway, when he suffered a serious heart attack. He was buried at Mount Ararat Cemetery in East Farmingdale, Suffolk County, New York. Selected bouts |- | align="center" colspan=8|6 Wins,5 Losses,1 Draw |- | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result/Duration | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes |- | Win | Jim Dowling | Mar 11, 1935 | Jamaica, Queens | 2nd Rnd. KO | Boxing debut |- | Loss | Lou Nova | Oct 21, 1936 | New York, New York | 6 Rnds Points | Rare early loss |- | Loss | Buddy Baer | Aug 30, 1937 | Yankee Stad., Bronx | 3rd Rnd TKO | Rare early loss |- | Win | Willie Reddish | Dec 6, 1939 | Philadelphia | 4 Rnd TKO | Reddish had gash on his forehead |- | Loss | Willie Reddish | Jan 22, 1940 | Philadelphia | 10 Rnds Points | Simon floored twice |- | Win | Jersey Joe Walcott | Feb 12, 1940 | Laurel Garden, Newark, NJ | 6th Rnd KO | Walcott, future heavywt. champ |- | Win | Eddie Blunt | May 20, 1940 | Newark, New Jersey | 10 Rnd Points | Fought in the rain |- | Win | Roscoe Toles | Dec 6, 1940 | Detroit, MI | 10 Rnds | Unanimous Dec. |- | Win | Gunnar Barlund | Oct. 7, 1940 | New York, New York | 10 Rnd Points Dec. | At St. Nicholas Arena |- | Loss | Joe Louis | Mar 21, 1941 | Detroit, Michigan | 13th Rnd TKO | Heavyweight title match* |- | style="background: #dae2f1"|*Draw* | Turkey Thompson | Oct 6, 1941 | Los Angeles, CA | 10 Rnd Points | Well-publicized match |- | Loss | Joe Louis | Mar 27, 1942 | Mad. Sq.Garden, NY | 6th Rnd TKO | Heavyweight title match*19,000 fans |- References External links 1913 births 1969 deaths Heavyweight boxers Male actors from New York City People from Bayside, Queens People from Richmond Hill, Queens Boxers from New York City 20th-century American male actors American male boxers Jewish boxers Jewish American boxers 20th-century American Jews

<mask> was an American professional boxer. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was trained by Freddie Brown and managed by Jimmy Johnston. He was the sixth best fighter in the world in 1940, and would rise in the next two years. He had roles in two of America's best known boxing movies, "On the Waterfront" and "Requiem for a Heavyweight", after retiring. <mask> was born to Max and Rose in Queens, New York on May 30, 1913, and attended John Adams High School. He was a star lineman on his high school football team and a shot-put champion before taking up boxing.Several boxingPromoters in the crowd noticed his strength and told him if he pursued boxing, he could have a lucrative career and they could arrange for him to be trained by the legendary trainer and cut man Freddie Brown. Many of boxing's greatest were trained by Brown. In his 20s, he worked as a police patrolman in Long Beach, New York. At the age of 21, he knocked out Jim Dowling in a professional boxing match at the Jamaica Arena in Queens, New York. He won his next thirteen fights by knockout, according to most sources. His two earliest career losses were against Lou Nova in 1936 in a six-round points decision and Buddy Baer in 1937, who knocked him out in three rounds. He lost to Willie Reddish in a well-attended match in Philadelphia on January 22, 1940.<mask> was down twice in the match, and Reddish was given eight of the ten rounds. Reddish hit <mask>'s body and jaw with left hooks and right swings, and won an easy decision. <mask> had defeated Reddish in Philadelphia in December of 1939. <mask> had a significant weight advantage over his opponent, in this instance being fifty-six pounds. The match took a turn for the worse in the fourth when Reddish received a bad gash on his forehead, and the referee ended the fight from a technical knockout. He knocked out the legendary Jersey Joe Walcott in six rounds in Newark, New Jersey, on February 12, 1940, in one of his most memorable victories. He had a sixty-two pound weight advantage in the match.Walcott barely moved as he was counted out by the referee after <mask> unleashed a tremendous right to the mouth of Walcott in the sixth round. <mask> defeated Eddie Blunt in a ten-round points decision at the Meadowbrook Bowl in Newark, New Jersey on May 20, 1940. The last three rounds were fought in the rain. <mask> won the game with a points victory. He defeated Roscoe Toles in a ten-round unanimous decision in Detroit on December 6, 1940, in one of his best known victories. Mike Jacobs said he would match <mask> with Louis for the title. <mask> was unaffected by a few punches to the jaw.No one was knocked down in the match. Though <mask> was the clear winner, the Detroit Free Press wrote that Toles more than held up his end of the fight looking better in the fourth, and that only in the final rounds did <mask>, showing greater endurance, take the fight to Toles. On October 7, 1940 in New York's St. Nicholas Arena, he had a ten-round points decision over the Finn. Barlund was defeated by a cut eye and chin and only won two of the ten rounds. He lost to Joe Louis in a 13th-round technical knockout in Detroit on March 21, 1941, in his first attempt at the world title. Jack Johnson was the first African-American to win a world title. Many ringside experts gave <mask> the second, fourth, sixth, tenth, and eleventh rounds.When Louis knocked him down in the first round, it was the first time in his career that he had been knocked down. Louis was staggered by <mask> in the seventh. He was a serious contender in his mid-career because of his ability to survive the blows of Louis and win four rounds. Louis told reporters after the fight that he was "just about as tough as they come". He was knocked out in the sixth round by Louis in his second and final attempt at the title. He was at the bell in both the second and fifth rounds. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217Louis was fighting for the Army for the first time and he was hoping for a quick knockout to avoid injury as he received no purse for the fight. The match was a benefit for the Army Relief Fund, which helped both boxer's reputations and gained a larger audience, including many servicemen. <mask> had parts in four movies and appeared in a documentary short about his 1942 world championship fight with Joe Louis. After his second loss to Louis, he was appointed the deputy police commissioner of Long Beach. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He lived on 215th Street in Queens, New York for most of his life. After suffering from arthritis, he switched to Public Relations around 1966.He died at Meadowbrook Hospital in East Meadow, Long Island, on October 24, 1969 and left a wife, Rita, and two children, Alfred and Kathleen. He suffered a serious heart attack while working at the Roosevelt Raceway and died a week later. He was buried in New York. 6 wins, 5 losses, 1 draw, and background: #e3e3e3" Boxing debut, Lou Nova, Oct 21, 1936, New York, New York, 6 Rnds Points, Rare early loss. Eddie Blunt won 10 Rnd Points in Newark, New Jersey on May 20, 1940. It was Sq.External links 1913 births 1969 deaths Heavyweight boxers Male actors from New York City.

2925227

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Ravenhill

Mark Ravenhill

Mark Ravenhill (born 7 June 1966) is an English playwright, actor and journalist. Ravenhill is one of the most widely-performed playwrights in British theatre of the late-twentieth and twenty-first centuries. His major plays include Shopping and Fucking (first performed in 1996), Some Explicit Polaroids (1999), Mother Clap's Molly House (2000), The Cut (2006), Shoot Get Treasure Repeat (2007) and The Cane (2018). He made his professional acting debut in his own monologue Product, at the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Early life Ravenhill is the elder of two sons born to Ted and Angela Ravenhill. He grew up in West Sussex, England and cultivated an early interest in theatre, putting on plays with his brother when they were eight and seven, respectively. He studied English and Drama at Bristol University from 1984–1987, and worked as a freelance director, workshop leader and drama teacher. In the mid-1990s, Ravenhill was diagnosed as HIV+, his partner of the early 1990s having died from AIDS. Career His first short play, Fist, gained the attention of Max Stafford-Clark, artistic director of Out of Joint Theatre Company who asked to see his next play. Ravenhill quickly finished the play that would make his name: Shopping and Fucking. It is set among a mostly young, queer group of friends and captured a generation using sex, drugs, popular culture and therapy to replace a fundamental lack of history, value and political commitment. The play toured with two successful runs at the Royal Court Theatre and then the West End, before embarking on world tours. It was one of the British plays that were picked up by German theatres to establish a new generational wave of directors, writers, and audiences. Ravenhill followed this with a series of plays that shared Shopping and Fucking's punky, gender-queer aggression, including Faust Is Dead (1997), Handbag (1998), Some Explicit Polaroids (1999). The plays did not necessarily share the attitudes of their characters and contained ironic commentary beneath the violence and intensity. Faust is Dead explored some queer post-modern ideas, with nods to Jean Baudrillard; Some Explicit Polaroids adopted some features of the 'State of the Nation Play', an epic left-wing theatre style associated with the 1970s. Each play simultaneously endorsed and critiqued the intellectual styles and movements that they were working in. Handbag was a response to Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest making more explicit a sense of contemporary identities being connected to a longer history. This was brought even more to the fore in Mother Clap's Molly House, set in an eighteenth-century Molly House and depicting a range of gender-nonconformists from a pre-gay, pre-queer era exploring dissident sexualities. The play was directed by Nick Hytner who became Artistic Director of the National Theatre the year after, bringing in Ravenhill as a key advisor. Through the 2000s, Ravenhill moved further away from naturalism, continually changing styles and forms. His play The Cut moves into Pinteresque territory, its metaphorical image of a near-future society organised around an unspecified surgical procedure (the 'cut' of the title) was an allegory of liberal authoritarianism. Shoot Get Treasure Repeat began as a series of short (usually 20-minute) plays performed over successive mornings at the Edinburgh Festival in 2007, under the title Breakfast with Ravenhill (for which he received the Spirit of the Fringe award). Retitled collectively Shoot Get Treasure Repeat they were performed across London by the Gate Theatre, the Royal Court, the National Theatre, Paines Plough and others. Most of the plays' titles are drawn from the western literary canon, and offered satirical commentaries on western complacency, the Iraq War, and more. Product (2005), his monologue for two people (the second actor is silent) was a satire of Hollywood and attitudes to terrorism post-9/11. Ravenhill himself performed the role in the original tour. pool (no water) was written for the physical theatre company Frantic Assembly and concerned a group of artists who lament and celebrate the death of their successful colleague; the text was written in fragments, observing the speech patterns of the Young British Artists and the hypocrisies of artistic rivalry. Each of these texts move away from direct representations of the contemporary world towards something more abstract, minimalist, metaphorical. Despite this he continued to resist definition, also writing a pantomime, Dick Whittington (2006), for the Barbican Theatre, a piece for, about and performed by the drag performer Bette Bourne entitled A Life in Three Acts (2009), and a series of plays for young people: Totally Over You (2003), Citizenship (2005) and Scenes from Family Life (2007). His range widened further in the 2010s. At the end of the 2000s, Ravenhill collaborated with Ramin Gray in directing his own Over There, a highly experimental play and performance about twins separated by the Berlin Wall for the Royal Court. He also worked in music theatre, creating libretti for Monteverdi's The Coronation of Poppea and a new music-theatre piece Ten Plagues written for Marc Almond (both 2011). As Writer-in-Residence for the Royal Shakespeare Company, he produced a new translation of Brecht's Life of Galileo and a dramatisation and response to Voltaire's Candide (both 2013). At the end of the decade he collaborated with Robbie Williams and Guy Chambers on a musical adaptation of David Walliams's The Boy in the Dress (2019). He was commissioned by the London Gay Men's Chorus for a piece to mark the choir's 21st anniversary in 2012. With the music composed by Conor Mitchell, the piece, entitled Shadow Time, explores the evolution of mentalities in respect of homosexuality in the lifetime of the Chorus and was premiered at the Royal Festival Hall in May 2012 during the Chorus' summer concert: A Band of Brothers. He returned to the Royal Court in 2018 with The Cane, about a schoolteacher whose distant history as an administer of corporal punishment threatens his reputation, his family even his life. He created ITV sitcom Vicious with Gary Janetti which aired between 2013 and 2016. and in 2014 wrote a Doctor Who audio story entitled Of Chaos Time The for Big Finish. In 2021, Ravenhill was appointed co-artistic director of the King's Head Theatre for 2022. In a 2021 interview with Benjamin Yeoh, Ravenhill explained he was looking to programme more queer and LGBTQ+ work as a co-artistic director. Plays Fist (1995) Shopping and Fucking (1996) Faust Is Dead (1997) Sleeping Around (1998) Handbag (1998) Some Explicit Polaroids (1999) Mother Clap's Molly House (2000) Feed Me (Radio Play) (2000) Totally Over You (2003) Education (2004) Citizenship (2005) Product (2005) The Cut (2006) Pool (No Water) (2006) Ravenhill For Breakfast (2007) Scenes From Family Life (2007) Shoot/Get Treasure/Repeat (2008) Over There (2009) The Experiment (2009) Ten Plagues - A Song Cycle (2011) Candide (2013) Ghost Story (2015) The Cane (2018) The Boy in the Dress (2019) Opera translations The Coronation of Poppea Monteverdi (2011) References External links Biography at the Barbican homepage. Mark Ravenhill at the website of the British Arts Council. Author's page, incl. "critical perspective." (Compiled and written by Dr. Peter Buse, 2003.) Mark Ravenhill at the website of In-Yer-Face Theatre. Ravenhill 10. A symposium celebrating the tenth anniversary of Shopping & Fucking, The Pinter Centre for Performance and Creative Writing, Goldsmiths, University of London. Audio interview from OpenLearn Literary Encyclopedia Contemporary Writers, British Council New York Entertainment The Guardian Barbican, Mark Ravenhill At the Playwright Database 1966 births English dramatists and playwrights Living people Alumni of the University of Bristol People with HIV/AIDS LGBT writers from England English male stage actors English satirists English television writers English screenwriters English male screenwriters British gay writers LGBT dramatists and playwrights English male dramatists and playwrights LGBT screenwriters British male television writers

<mask> (born 7 June 1966) is an English playwright, actor and journalist. <mask> is one of the most widely-performed playwrights in British theatre of the late-twentieth and twenty-first centuries. His major plays include Shopping and Fucking (first performed in 1996), Some Explicit Polaroids (1999), Mother Clap's Molly House (2000), The Cut (2006), Shoot Get Treasure Repeat (2007) and The Cane (2018). He made his professional acting debut in his own monologue Product, at the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Early life <mask> is the elder of two sons born to Ted and <mask>. He grew up in West Sussex, England and cultivated an early interest in theatre, putting on plays with his brother when they were eight and seven, respectively. He studied English and Drama at Bristol University from 1984–1987, and worked as a freelance director, workshop leader and drama teacher.In the mid-1990s, <mask> was diagnosed as HIV+, his partner of the early 1990s having died from AIDS. Career His first short play, Fist, gained the attention of Max Stafford-Clark, artistic director of Out of Joint Theatre Company who asked to see his next play. <mask> quickly finished the play that would make his name: Shopping and Fucking. It is set among a mostly young, queer group of friends and captured a generation using sex, drugs, popular culture and therapy to replace a fundamental lack of history, value and political commitment. The play toured with two successful runs at the Royal Court Theatre and then the West End, before embarking on world tours. It was one of the British plays that were picked up by German theatres to establish a new generational wave of directors, writers, and audiences. <mask> followed this with a series of plays that shared Shopping and Fucking's punky, gender-queer aggression, including Faust Is Dead (1997), Handbag (1998), Some Explicit Polaroids (1999).The plays did not necessarily share the attitudes of their characters and contained ironic commentary beneath the violence and intensity. Faust is Dead explored some queer post-modern ideas, with nods to Jean Baudrillard; Some Explicit Polaroids adopted some features of the 'State of the Nation Play', an epic left-wing theatre style associated with the 1970s. Each play simultaneously endorsed and critiqued the intellectual styles and movements that they were working in. Handbag was a response to Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest making more explicit a sense of contemporary identities being connected to a longer history. This was brought even more to the fore in Mother Clap's Molly House, set in an eighteenth-century Molly House and depicting a range of gender-nonconformists from a pre-gay, pre-queer era exploring dissident sexualities. The play was directed by Nick Hytner who became Artistic Director of the National Theatre the year after, bringing in <mask> as a key advisor. Through the 2000s, <mask> moved further away from naturalism, continually changing styles and forms.His play The Cut moves into Pinteresque territory, its metaphorical image of a near-future society organised around an unspecified surgical procedure (the 'cut' of the title) was an allegory of liberal authoritarianism. Shoot Get Treasure Repeat began as a series of short (usually 20-minute) plays performed over successive mornings at the Edinburgh Festival in 2007, under the title Breakfast with <mask> (for which he received the Spirit of the Fringe award). Retitled collectively Shoot Get Treasure Repeat they were performed across London by the Gate Theatre, the Royal Court, the National Theatre, Paines Plough and others. Most of the plays' titles are drawn from the western literary canon, and offered satirical commentaries on western complacency, the Iraq War, and more. Product (2005), his monologue for two people (the second actor is silent) was a satire of Hollywood and attitudes to terrorism post-9/11. <mask> himself performed the role in the original tour. pool (no water) was written for the physical theatre company Frantic Assembly and concerned a group of artists who lament and celebrate the death of their successful colleague; the text was written in fragments, observing the speech patterns of the Young British Artists and the hypocrisies of artistic rivalry.Each of these texts move away from direct representations of the contemporary world towards something more abstract, minimalist, metaphorical. Despite this he continued to resist definition, also writing a pantomime, Dick Whittington (2006), for the Barbican Theatre, a piece for, about and performed by the drag performer Bette Bourne entitled A Life in Three Acts (2009), and a series of plays for young people: Totally Over You (2003), Citizenship (2005) and Scenes from Family Life (2007). His range widened further in the 2010s. At the end of the 2000s, <mask> collaborated with Ramin Gray in directing his own Over There, a highly experimental play and performance about twins separated by the Berlin Wall for the Royal Court. He also worked in music theatre, creating libretti for Monteverdi's The Coronation of Poppea and a new music-theatre piece Ten Plagues written for Marc Almond (both 2011). As Writer-in-Residence for the Royal Shakespeare Company, he produced a new translation of Brecht's Life of Galileo and a dramatisation and response to Voltaire's Candide (both 2013). At the end of the decade he collaborated with Robbie Williams and Guy Chambers on a musical adaptation of David Walliams's The Boy in the Dress (2019).He was commissioned by the London Gay Men's Chorus for a piece to mark the choir's 21st anniversary in 2012. With the music composed by Conor Mitchell, the piece, entitled Shadow Time, explores the evolution of mentalities in respect of homosexuality in the lifetime of the Chorus and was premiered at the Royal Festival Hall in May 2012 during the Chorus' summer concert: A Band of Brothers. He returned to the Royal Court in 2018 with The Cane, about a schoolteacher whose distant history as an administer of corporal punishment threatens his reputation, his family even his life. He created ITV sitcom Vicious with Gary Janetti which aired between 2013 and 2016. and in 2014 wrote a Doctor Who audio story entitled Of Chaos Time The for Big Finish. In 2021, <mask> was appointed co-artistic director of the King's Head Theatre for 2022. In a 2021 interview with Benjamin Yeoh, <mask> explained he was looking to programme more queer and LGBTQ+ work as a co-artistic director. Plays Fist (1995) Shopping and Fucking (1996) Faust Is Dead (1997) Sleeping Around (1998) Handbag (1998) Some Explicit Polaroids (1999) Mother Clap's Molly House (2000) Feed Me (Radio Play) (2000) Totally Over You (2003) Education (2004) Citizenship (2005) Product (2005) The Cut (2006) Pool (No Water) (2006) Ravenhill For Breakfast (2007) Scenes From Family Life (2007) Shoot/Get Treasure/Repeat (2008) Over There (2009) The Experiment (2009) Ten Plagues - A Song Cycle (2011) Candide (2013) Ghost Story (2015) The Cane (2018) The Boy in the Dress (2019) Opera translations The Coronation of Poppea Monteverdi (2011) References External links Biography at the Barbican homepage.<mask> at the website of the British Arts Council. Author's page, incl. "critical perspective." (Compiled and written by Dr. Peter Buse, 2003.) <mask> at the website of In-Yer-Face Theatre. Ravenhill 10. A symposium celebrating the tenth anniversary of Shopping & Fucking, The Pinter Centre for Performance and Creative Writing, Goldsmiths, University of London.Audio interview from OpenLearn Literary Encyclopedia Contemporary Writers, British Council New York Entertainment The Guardian Barbican, <mask> At the Playwright Database 1966 births English dramatists and playwrights Living people Alumni of the University of Bristol People with HIV/AIDS LGBT writers from England English male stage actors English satirists English television writers English screenwriters English male screenwriters British gay writers LGBT dramatists and playwrights English male dramatists and playwrights LGBT screenwriters British male television writers

<mask> was born in 1966 and is an English playwright, actor and journalist. In British theatre of the late-twentieth and twenty-first centuries, <mask> is one of the most popular playwrights. Some Explicit Polaroids is one of his major plays. At the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, he made his acting debut in his monologue Product. The elder of the two sons is early life <mask>. He put on plays with his brother when they were eight and seven years old, and they were 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 He worked as a workshop leader and drama teacher after graduating from Bristol University with a degree in English and Drama.His partner of the early 1990s died from AIDS and in the mid 1990s, he was diagnosed as HIV+. The artistic director of Out of Joint Theatre Company asked to see his next play after seeing his first short play. The play that made his name was called Shopping and Fuck. It is set among a mostly young, queer group of friends and captures a generation using sex, drugs, popular culture and therapy to replace a fundamental lack of history, value and political commitment. The play toured with two successful runs at the Royal Court Theatre and then the West End before embarking on world tours. It was one of the British plays that were picked up by German theatres to create a new generation of directors, writers, and audiences. The plays Faust Is Dead, Handbag, and Some Explicit Polaroids shared the same punky, gender-queer aggression.The plays contained ironic commentary beneath the violence and intensity and did not necessarily share the attitudes of their characters. Some Explicit Polaroids incorporated some features of the 'State of the Nation Play', an epic left-wing theatre style associated with the 1970s. The intellectual styles and movements that they were working in were critiqued by each play. Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest made more explicit a sense of contemporary identities being connected to a longer history. Mother Clap's Molly House depicted a range of gender-nonconformists from a pre-gay, pre-queer era exploring dissident sexualities. The National Theatre's artistic director, Nickhytner, brought in <mask> as a key advisor after directing the play. In the 2000s, <mask> moved further away from naturalism.His play The Cut is an example of a near-future society organised around a surgical procedure and is an example of liberal authoritarianism. Shoot Get Treasure Repeat began as a series of short plays performed over successive mornings at the Edinburgh Festival in 2007, under the title Breakfast with Ravenhill. Shoot Get Treasure Repeat was performed across London by the Gate Theatre, the Royal Court, the National Theatre, and others. Most of the plays' titles are from the western literary canon, and offer satirical commentaries on western complacency, the Iraq War, and more. Product was a satire of Hollywood and attitudes to terrorism after 9/11. He played the role in the original tour. The text was written in fragments, observing the speech patterns of the Young British Artists and the hypocrisies of artistic rivalry, and was written for the physical theatre company Frantic Assembly.The texts move away from direct representations of the contemporary world towards something more abstract. He wrote a pantomime, Dick Whittington, for the Barbican Theatre, a piece for the drag performer A Life in Three Acts, and a series of plays for young people. His range grew in the 2010s. The play Over There was directed by <mask> and Ramin Gray at the end of the 2000s. He created libretti for Monteverdi's The Coronation of Poppea and a new music-theatre piece called Ten Plagues. He was the writer-in-residence for the Royal Shakespeare Company and produced a new translation of Life of Galileo. He collaborated withRobbie Williams and Guy Chambers on a musical adaptation of David Walliams's The Boy in the Dress.He was commissioned by the London Gay Men's Chorus for a piece to mark their 21st anniversary. Shadow Time is a piece that explores the evolution of mentalities in respect of homosexuality in the lifetime of the Chorus and was performed at the Royal Festival Hall in May 2012 during the Chorus' summer concert: A Band of Brothers. He returned to the Royal Court with The Cane, a story about a teacher who had a history of being hit with a stick. He created Vicious with Gary Janetti and wrote an audio story for Doctor Who. The King's Head Theatre had a co-artistic director in 2021. In an interview with Benjamin Yeoh in 2021, <mask> said he was looking to programme more queer and LGBTQ+ work as a co-artistic director. Shopping and Fuck, Faust Is Dead, Sleeping Around, Handbag, Some Explicit Polaroids, Mother Clap's Molly House, Feed Me, Totally Over You, Education, Citizenship, The Cut, Pool (No Water),Raven.The British Arts Council has a website. The author's page. "Critical perspective." It was written by Dr. Peter Buse. The website of In-Yer-Face Theatre has a picture of <mask>. The name of the hill is Ravenhill 10. The Pinter Centre for Performance and Creative Writing is celebrating the tenth anniversary of Shopping & Fuck.The Playwright Database 1966 births English dramatists and playwrights Living people Alumni of the University of Bristol People with HIV/AIDS.

41812893

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz%20Deschenes

Liz Deschenes

Liz Deschenes (born 1966) is an American contemporary artist and educator. Her work is situated between sculpture and image and engages with post-conceptual photography and Minimalism. Her work examines the fluidity of the medium of photography and expands on what constitutes the viewing of a photograph. Deschenes has stated that she seeks to "enable the viewer to see the inconstancy of the conditions of display, which are always at play but sometimes hard to see." Her practice is not bound to a single technology, method, process, or subject, but to the fundamental elements of photography, such as light, paper, chemistry, and time. She has taught at Bennington College and was a visiting artist at Columbia University's School of Visual Arts and Yale University. In 2019, she was the Wolf Chair in Photography at Cooper Union. She currently teaches at the School of Visual Arts, New York. She lives and works in New York City. Early life and education Deschenes was born in 1966 in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up on the South Shore, a largely homogeneous and conservative town. As a child, she frequently encountered and was fascinated by the Boston Gas Tank (Rainbow Tank) by artist and activist Corita Kent, situated prominently on the waterfront of Dorchester. In the mid-1980s, Deschenes enrolled at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), intending to study painting or architecture but eventually changing her focus to photography. The pedagogical style of RISD at the time was very conservative and there were few female faculty members in the photography department. As a result, Deschenes sought other contexts for involvement with feminism, queer politics, AIDS activism, examining the power of representation within the medium of photography. Deschenes graduated from RISD in 1988 with a BFA degree in photography. Deschenes worked in photography labs as a technician throughout her career as a young artist, becoming adept at chemical and analogue printing processes. In this capacity, she also worked extensively documenting the artwork of others, which influenced her notion of mediation and the conditions of production and display. In 1997, Deschenes presented Elevation #1-#7 (1997), a set of seven monochrome dye transfer prints whose colors correspond to those developed by cartographers to represent the range of earth's elevation. In the work, by utilizing the process of dye color transfer color printing, which was discontinued by Kodak in 1994, Deschenes investigates the technological changes in the medium. In 2001, influenced by her visit to the National Association of Broadcasters' convention in Las Vegas, Deschenes created her series Blue and Green Screens (2001-2002), which foregrounded the invisible backdrops used for special effects in film production. Work Deschenes explores the materials and properties of photography, light, and perception, often in relation to the architectural environments within which they are displayed. Curator and critic Matthew Witkovsky has written that Deschenes' work "pushes against the basic terms by which photography is conventionally defined: instantaneity, veracity, fixity, or reproducibility." At the same time, Deschenes engages with the legacy of Minimalism, drawing attention to the techniques of the observer by deploying old photographic methods and techniques such as the photogram and the daguerreotype. Deschenes "calibrates her works to the site" in order to reveal the spectator's relationship to the space, whether by encouraging new visual encounters or responding to and disrupting the architectural space. Major works In 2007, Deschenes presented her series of photographs titled Moiré (2007) at Miguel Abreu Gallery's "Registration" exhibition. For the work, Deschenes photographed a sheet of perforated paper filtering the light coming through the window, and layered the negative with a duplicate in an enlarger to create an abstract image with illusions of movement. Moirés were paired with Red Transfer (1997), a diptych of monochromatic dye transfer prints with subtle differences in hue. The dye transfers' matrices alignment served as a counterpoint to the misregistration in the Moirés series. In an interview with Mousse Magazine in 2014, Deschenes noted that the Moires series sought to "confound" the limitations of making something "with a property largely outside of the confines of photography and expectations that are brought to looking at a photographic work." Two years later, in 2009, Deschenes created Tilt / Swing (2009), an installation of six "silver mirror" panels arranged in a 360-degree floor-to-ceiling configuration. It was based on an unrealized exhibition design conceived by Herbert Bayer, a Bauhaus artist and architect, in The Fundamentals of Exhibition Design. While Bayer's schema sought to be "an inclusive picture of all [viewpoint] possibilities," Deschenes' installation resulted in a fragmentation of the surrounding environment. Commenting on the title of the work, Matthew Witkovsky has written that the words tilt and swing evoke "abstract issues of viewpoint and manipulation, for example the ways in which the spectatorial subject is turned or focused in the controlled setting of a museum building." At the same time, curator Eva Respini has remarked that in addition to the reference to Bayer, it is crucial to consider the influence of Conceptual and Performance Art in Tilt / Swing, as the work requires a physical "activation by the viewer." In her 2012-2013 exhibition at the Secession in Vienna, Deschenes staged a new series of photograms, Stereographs 1-16 (2012). In the installation, Deschenes mimicked the illusion of spatiality in the stereoscopes by converting the gallery into a camera. Deschenes moved the gallery's entrance to a previously unused exterior side door, leading the viewers through a long hallway (the viewfinder) to two adjacent rooms (the stereograph). Each room contained four Stereographs of the same size. Johanna Burton stated that the Stereographs "must be seen not only as dilating context and insisting on spatial occupation but also as moving speculatively: developing." In 2014, at the invitation of the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Deschenes created Gallery 7 (2014), a site-specific installation composed of three elements: eleven photographs in freestanding frames; three horizontal lines etched into the gallery walls; and the natural light from the floor-to-ceiling windows. The freestanding frames were located in the center of the space, relocating the viewing experience from the walls towards the windows. The exhibition was on view for a year, throughout which the light conditions changed and encouraged the oxidation of the light-sensitive photograms. The proportions of the photographs, furthermore, were based on those of an index card, in reference to Lucy Lippard's c. 7,500 exhibition of Conceptual art by women artists at the Walker Art Center in 1973. In 2018, Deschenes staged her Rates (Frames per Second) exhibition at Miguel Abreu Gallery. In the installation, Deschenes took the proto-cinematic experiments of Étienne-Jules Marey as the point of departure and presented two series, FPS (Frames per Second) and FPF (Frames per Feet). FPS was cut and mounted directly on vertical strips of dibond, and FPF was pressed in thin, horizontal frames. Both series progressed with the rhythm of the viewer's footsteps, akin to the body's movement being captured by the camera in time. The Brooklyn Rail described the show as centering on not "the specific atmospheric or environmental conditions that produced each print," but "how time is felt...and the specific weight that time can hold in space." Exhibitions Deschenes has exhibited extensively in the United States and abroad, including solo shows at ICA/Boston (2016), MASS MoCA in North Adams, MA (2015), Walker Art Center in Minneapolis (2015), Campoli Presti in Paris and London (2013), Secession, Vienna (2012), Sutton Lane, Brussels (2010), and Miguel Abreu Gallery in New York (2009). Her first solo presentation at an American museum, "Liz Deschenes: Gallery 7" was on view at the Walker Art Center from November 2014 to October 2015 and curated by Eric Crosby. Deschenes' work has been included in numerous group exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art, Musee d'Art Moderne, the Centre Pompidou, and Extra City Kunsthal in Antwerp. Her work was also featured in "Sites of Reason: A Selection of Recent Acquisitions" at the Museum of Modern Art (2014), "What is a Photograph?" at the International Center of Photography in New York (2014), and "Cross Over. Photography of Science + Science of Photography" at Fotomuseum Winterthur, Switzerland (2013). Deschenes was also featured in the 2012 Whitney Biennial and "Parcours" (2012), a two-person exhibition at The Art Institute of Chicago that she co-curated with Florian Pumhösl and Matthew Witkovsky. Recent monographs dedicated to Deschenes' work includes Liz Deschenes (Boston: The Institute of Contemporary Art, 2016) and Liz Deschenes, Secession (Vienna: Secession, Berlin: Revolver, 2012). Collections Deschenes' work is in the collections of the Centre Pompidou in France, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, as well as The Art Institute of Chicago, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, the ICA/Boston, the CCS Bard Hessel Museum of Art, the Milwaukee Art Museum, and the Corcoran Museum of Art and the Hirschhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C. The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston showed the first comprehensive survey of her work in 2016. References External links CAMPOLI PRESTI - LIZ DESCHENES Interview American women photographers Rhode Island School of Design alumni Bennington College faculty School of Visual Arts faculty 1966 births 20th-century American photographers Living people 21st-century American photographers 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American women artists Artists from Boston Photographers from Massachusetts 20th-century women photographers 21st-century women photographers American women academics

<mask> (born 1966) is an American contemporary artist and educator. Her work is situated between sculpture and image and engages with post-conceptual photography and Minimalism. Her work examines the fluidity of the medium of photography and expands on what constitutes the viewing of a photograph. <mask> has stated that she seeks to "enable the viewer to see the inconstancy of the conditions of display, which are always at play but sometimes hard to see." Her practice is not bound to a single technology, method, process, or subject, but to the fundamental elements of photography, such as light, paper, chemistry, and time. She has taught at Bennington College and was a visiting artist at Columbia University's School of Visual Arts and Yale University. In 2019, she was the Wolf Chair in Photography at Cooper Union.She currently teaches at the School of Visual Arts, New York. She lives and works in New York City. Early life and education <mask> was born in 1966 in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up on the South Shore, a largely homogeneous and conservative town. As a child, she frequently encountered and was fascinated by the Boston Gas Tank (Rainbow Tank) by artist and activist Corita Kent, situated prominently on the waterfront of Dorchester. In the mid-1980s, <mask> enrolled at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), intending to study painting or architecture but eventually changing her focus to photography. The pedagogical style of RISD at the time was very conservative and there were few female faculty members in the photography department. As a result, Deschenes sought other contexts for involvement with feminism, queer politics, AIDS activism, examining the power of representation within the medium of photography.Deschenes graduated from RISD in 1988 with a BFA degree in photography. Deschenes worked in photography labs as a technician throughout her career as a young artist, becoming adept at chemical and analogue printing processes. In this capacity, she also worked extensively documenting the artwork of others, which influenced her notion of mediation and the conditions of production and display. In 1997, Deschenes presented Elevation #1-#7 (1997), a set of seven monochrome dye transfer prints whose colors correspond to those developed by cartographers to represent the range of earth's elevation. In the work, by utilizing the process of dye color transfer color printing, which was discontinued by Kodak in 1994, Deschenes investigates the technological changes in the medium. In 2001, influenced by her visit to the National Association of Broadcasters' convention in Las Vegas, Deschenes created her series Blue and Green Screens (2001-2002), which foregrounded the invisible backdrops used for special effects in film production. Work Deschenes explores the materials and properties of photography, light, and perception, often in relation to the architectural environments within which they are displayed.Curator and critic Matthew Witkovsky has written that Deschenes' work "pushes against the basic terms by which photography is conventionally defined: instantaneity, veracity, fixity, or reproducibility." At the same time, Deschenes engages with the legacy of Minimalism, drawing attention to the techniques of the observer by deploying old photographic methods and techniques such as the photogram and the daguerreotype. Deschenes "calibrates her works to the site" in order to reveal the spectator's relationship to the space, whether by encouraging new visual encounters or responding to and disrupting the architectural space. Major works In 2007, Deschenes presented her series of photographs titled Moiré (2007) at Miguel Abreu Gallery's "Registration" exhibition. For the work, Deschenes photographed a sheet of perforated paper filtering the light coming through the window, and layered the negative with a duplicate in an enlarger to create an abstract image with illusions of movement. Moirés were paired with Red Transfer (1997), a diptych of monochromatic dye transfer prints with subtle differences in hue. The dye transfers' matrices alignment served as a counterpoint to the misregistration in the Moirés series.In an interview with Mousse Magazine in 2014, <mask> noted that the Moires series sought to "confound" the limitations of making something "with a property largely outside of the confines of photography and expectations that are brought to looking at a photographic work." Two years later, in 2009, Deschenes created Tilt / Swing (2009), an installation of six "silver mirror" panels arranged in a 360-degree floor-to-ceiling configuration. It was based on an unrealized exhibition design conceived by Herbert Bayer, a Bauhaus artist and architect, in The Fundamentals of Exhibition Design. While Bayer's schema sought to be "an inclusive picture of all [viewpoint] possibilities," Deschenes' installation resulted in a fragmentation of the surrounding environment. Commenting on the title of the work, Matthew Witkovsky has written that the words tilt and swing evoke "abstract issues of viewpoint and manipulation, for example the ways in which the spectatorial subject is turned or focused in the controlled setting of a museum building." At the same time, curator Eva Respini has remarked that in addition to the reference to Bayer, it is crucial to consider the influence of Conceptual and Performance Art in Tilt / Swing, as the work requires a physical "activation by the viewer." In her 2012-2013 exhibition at the Secession in Vienna, Deschenes staged a new series of photograms, Stereographs 1-16 (2012).In the installation, Deschenes mimicked the illusion of spatiality in the stereoscopes by converting the gallery into a camera. Deschenes moved the gallery's entrance to a previously unused exterior side door, leading the viewers through a long hallway (the viewfinder) to two adjacent rooms (the stereograph). Each room contained four Stereographs of the same size. Johanna Burton stated that the Stereographs "must be seen not only as dilating context and insisting on spatial occupation but also as moving speculatively: developing." In 2014, at the invitation of the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Deschenes created Gallery 7 (2014), a site-specific installation composed of three elements: eleven photographs in freestanding frames; three horizontal lines etched into the gallery walls; and the natural light from the floor-to-ceiling windows. The freestanding frames were located in the center of the space, relocating the viewing experience from the walls towards the windows. The exhibition was on view for a year, throughout which the light conditions changed and encouraged the oxidation of the light-sensitive photograms.The proportions of the photographs, furthermore, were based on those of an index card, in reference to Lucy Lippard's c. 7,500 exhibition of Conceptual art by women artists at the Walker Art Center in 1973. In 2018, Deschenes staged her Rates (Frames per Second) exhibition at Miguel Abreu Gallery. In the installation, Deschenes took the proto-cinematic experiments of Étienne-Jules Marey as the point of departure and presented two series, FPS (Frames per Second) and FPF (Frames per Feet). FPS was cut and mounted directly on vertical strips of dibond, and FPF was pressed in thin, horizontal frames. Both series progressed with the rhythm of the viewer's footsteps, akin to the body's movement being captured by the camera in time. The Brooklyn Rail described the show as centering on not "the specific atmospheric or environmental conditions that produced each print," but "how time is felt...and the specific weight that time can hold in space." Exhibitions Deschenes has exhibited extensively in the United States and abroad, including solo shows at ICA/Boston (2016), MASS MoCA in North Adams, MA (2015), Walker Art Center in Minneapolis (2015), Campoli Presti in Paris and London (2013), Secession, Vienna (2012), Sutton Lane, Brussels (2010), and Miguel Abreu Gallery in New York (2009).Her first solo presentation at an American museum, "Liz Deschenes: Gallery 7" was on view at the Walker Art Center from November 2014 to October 2015 and curated by Eric Crosby. Deschenes' work has been included in numerous group exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art, Musee d'Art Moderne, the Centre Pompidou, and Extra City Kunsthal in Antwerp. Her work was also featured in "Sites of Reason: A Selection of Recent Acquisitions" at the Museum of Modern Art (2014), "What is a Photograph?" at the International Center of Photography in New York (2014), and "Cross Over. Photography of Science + Science of Photography" at Fotomuseum Winterthur, Switzerland (2013). Deschenes was also featured in the 2012 Whitney Biennial and "Parcours" (2012), a two-person exhibition at The Art Institute of Chicago that she co-curated with Florian Pumhösl and Matthew Witkovsky. Recent monographs dedicated to Deschenes' work includes <mask> (Boston: The Institute of Contemporary Art, 2016) and <mask>, Secession (Vienna: Secession, Berlin: Revolver, 2012).Collections Deschenes' work is in the collections of the Centre Pompidou in France, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, as well as The Art Institute of Chicago, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, the ICA/Boston, the CCS Bard Hessel Museum of Art, the Milwaukee Art Museum, and the Corcoran Museum of Art and the Hirschhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C. The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston showed the first comprehensive survey of her work in 2016. References External links CAMPOLI PRESTI - LIZ DESCHENES Interview American women photographers Rhode Island School of Design alumni Bennington College faculty School of Visual Arts faculty 1966 births 20th-century American photographers Living people 21st-century American photographers 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American women artists Artists from Boston Photographers from Massachusetts 20th-century women photographers 21st-century women photographers American women academics

<mask> is an American contemporary artist. Her work is between sculpture and image and engages with post-conceptual photography. Her work expands on what constitutes a viewing of a photograph. She wants to allow the viewer to see the inconstancy of the conditions of display, which are always at play but sometimes hard to see. Her practice is not limited to a single technology, method, process, or subject, but to the fundamental elements of photography, such as light, paper, chemistry, and time. She was an artist at Columbia University's school of visual arts and at Yale University. She was the Wolf Chair in Photography in 2019.She teaches at the New York school. She lives and works in New York. <mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1966 and grew up on the South Shore, a mostly conservative town. She was fascinated by the Boston Gas Tank when she was a child, it was located on the waterfront of Dorchester. At the Rhode Island School of Design, Deschenes intended to study painting or architecture but eventually changed her focus to photography. There weren't many female faculty members in the photography department at the time. As a result, Deschenes sought other contexts for involvement with feminism, queer politics, AIDS activism, examining the power of representation within the medium of photography.Deschenes graduated from RISD with a degree in photography. As a young artist, Deschenes became proficient in chemical and analogue printing processes, working in photography labs as a technician. She documented the artwork of others, which influenced her idea of mediation and the conditions of production and display. In 1997, Deschenes presented a set of seven dye transfer prints that correspond to the colors of the maps used to represent the range of earth's elevation. The dye color transfer color printing process, which was discontinued by Kodak in 1994, is the subject of the work. After visiting the National Association of Broadcasters' convention in Las Vegas in 2001, Deschenes created her series Blue and Green Screens, which foregrounded the invisible backdrop used for special effects in film production. In relation to the architectural environments within which they are displayed, Work Deschenes explores the materials and properties of photography, light, and perception.Matthew Witkovsky wrote that Deschenes' work pushes against the basic terms by which photography is conventionally defined. Deschenes uses old photographic methods and techniques such as the photogram and the daguerreotype to draw attention to the techniques of the observer. In order to reveal the spectator's relationship to the space, Deschenes calibrates her works to the site, either by encouraging new visual encounters or responding to and disrupting the architectural space. In 2007, <mask> presented her series of photographs at the "Registration" exhibition. Deschenes used a sheet of paper and a duplicate in an enlarger to create an abstract image with illusions of movement. Red 1997 Transfer is a diptych of dye transfer prints with subtle differences in hue. The dye transfers' matrices alignment was a counterpoint to the misregistration in the Moirés series.In an interview with Mousse Magazine in 2014, Deschenes noted that the Moires series sought to "confound" the limitations of making something with a property largely outside of photography and expectations that are brought to looking at a photographic work." The installation of six "silver mirror" panels arranged in a 360-degree floor-to-ceiling configuration was created by Deschenes in 2009. The exhibition design was conceived by Herbert Bayer in The Fundamentals of Exhibition Design. <mask>' 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 Matthew Witkovsky wrote that the title tilt and swing evokes "abstract issues of viewpoint and manipulation, for example the ways in which the spectatorial subject is turned or focused in the controlled setting of a museum building." Eva Respini remarked that it is crucial to consider the influence of Conceptual and Performance Art in the work, as the work requires a physical "activation" by the viewer. In her exhibition at the Secession in Vienna, Deschenes staged a new series of photograms.Deschenes mimicked the illusion of spatiality in the stereoscopes by converting the gallery into a camera. The gallery's entrance was moved to a previously unused exterior side door, which led the viewers to two adjacent rooms. There were four Stereographs of the same size in each room. Johanna Burton stated that the Stereographs must be seen not only as dilating context and insisting on spatial occupation but also as moving speculatively: developing. At the invitation of the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Deschenes created Gallery 7 (2014), a site-specific installation consisting of eleven photographs in freestanding frames, three horizontal lines etched into the gallery walls, and natural light from the floor-to-ceiling windows. The freestanding frames moved the viewing experience from the walls to the windows. The light conditions changed and encouraged the oxidation of light-sensitive photograms as the exhibition was on view for a year.Lucy Lippard's exhibition of Conceptual art by women artists at the Walker Art Center in 1973. The exhibition Rates (Frames per Second) was staged by Deschenes. In the installation, Deschenes took the experiments of tienne-Jules Marey as the point of departure and presented two series. FPF was pressed in thin, horizontal frames after being cut and mounted directly on vertical strips of dibond. The viewer's footsteps were similar to the body's movement being captured by the camera in time. The show was not centered on the atmospheric or environmental conditions that produced each print, but on how time is felt and the weight that time can hold in space, according to the Brooklyn Rail. Exhibitions Deschenes has exhibited in the US and abroad, including solo shows at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis and Campoli Presti in Paris and London."<mask>: Gallery 7," her first solo presentation at an American museum, was on view at the Walker Art Center from November 2014 to October 2015. There are several group exhibitions of <mask>' work at the Whitney Museum of American Art, Musee d'Art Moderne, the Centre Pompidou, and Extra City Kunsthal. The Museum of Modern Art featured her work in "What is a Photograph?", a collection of recent acquisitions. At the International Center of Photography in New York. There is a photography museum in Winterthur, Switzerland. The 2012 Whitney Biennial and "Parcours", a two-person exhibition at The Art Institute of Chicago that she co-curated, featured Deschenes. <mask>, Secession is one of the recent monographs dedicated to her work.The Centre Pompidou in France, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum all have <mask>' work in their collections. The first comprehensive survey of her work was shown by the Institute of Contemporary Art. LIZ DESCHENES Interview American women photographers Rhode Island School of Design alumni.

3636045

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Lee%20Yates

Robert Lee Yates

Robert Lee Yates Jr. (born May 27, 1952) is an American serial killer from Spokane, Washington. From 1975 to 1998, Yates is known to have murdered at least 11 women in Spokane. Yates also confessed to two murders committed in Walla Walla in 1975 and a 1988 murder committed in Skagit County. In 2002, Yates was convicted of killing two women in Pierce County and sentenced to death, but it was commuted to life without parole after Washington outlawed the death penalty in 2018. He is currently serving life in prison at the Washington State Penitentiary. Early life Yates was born on May 27, 1952, and grew up in Oak Harbor, Washington in a middle-class family that attended a local Seventh-day Adventist church. Before his birth, his grandmother murdered his grandfather with an axe in 1945. Yates graduated from Oak Harbor High School in 1970. In 1975, he was hired by the Washington State Department of Corrections to work as a correction officer at the Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla. In October 1977, Yates enlisted in the United States Army, in which he became certified to fly civilian transport airplanes and helicopters. Yates was stationed in various countries outside the continental United States, including Germany and later Somalia and Haiti during the United Nations peacekeeping missions of the 1990s. Yates also served three years in the Army National Guard as a Helicopter Pilot from April 1997 through April 2000. He earned several commendation and service medals during his military career, including the US Army Master Aviator Badge. Yates left the active duty Army in April 1996, apparently a year and a half short of being eligible for his full retirement benefits and pension. At this time, the military was reducing its numbers, so he got his full retirement despite being short of the customary 20 years served. He then joined the Army National Guard in April 1997 and served three years until his arrest in April 2000. He served a total of 21.5 years in the military. He has five children (four daughters and one son) with second wife Linda, whom he married in 1976. The children's birth years range from 1974 to 1989. Murders The murders Yates committed between 1975 and 1998 in Spokane all involved sex workers who worked along Spokane's East Sprague Avenue. The victims were initially solicited for sex work by Yates, who would have sex with them (often in his 1979 Ford van), sometimes do drugs with them, then kill them and dump their bodies in rural locations. All of his victims died of gunshot wounds to the head. Eight of the murders were committed with a Raven .25-caliber handgun, and one attempted murder was linked to the same model of handgun. Autopsies of two of the victims indicated that the killer was a marksman aiming for the heart. One particularly bizarre detail of Yates' murders involved the case of Melody Murfin, whose body was buried just outside the bedroom window of Yates' family home, while his wife was sleeping in the room On August 1, 1998, Yates picked up sex worker Christine Smith, who managed to escape after being shot, assaulted and robbed. She is Yates' only known attempted murder survivor. On September 19, 1998, Yates was asked to give a DNA sample to Spokane police after being stopped. He refused, stating that it was too extreme of a request for a "family man." Convictions and appeals Yates was arrested on April 18, 2000, for the murder of Jennifer Joseph. After his arrest, a search warrant was executed on a 1977 white Corvette that he had previously owned. A white Corvette had been identified as the vehicle in which one of the victims had last been seen. Coincidentally, Yates had been pulled over in this vehicle while the Task Force was searching for it, but the field interview report was misread as saying "Camaro" not "Corvette," thus the incident was not realized until after Yates had been arrested. After searching the Corvette, police discovered blood that they linked to Jennifer Joseph and DNA from Yates that they then tied to 12 other victims. In 2000, he was charged with 13 counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted first-degree murder in Spokane County Superior Court. As part of a plea bargain in which Yates confessed to the murders to avoid the death penalty, he was sentenced to 408 years in prison. Charges were dropped in the murder of Shawn McClenahan, however in a statement made by Yates, he apologized to her family and the other victims. In 2001 Yates was charged in Pierce County with the murders of two additional women. The prosecution sought the death penalty for the deaths of Melinda L. Mercer in 1997 and Connie Ellis in 1998, which were thought to be linked to the killings in Spokane County. On September 19, 2002, Yates was convicted of those murders and subsequently sentenced to death by lethal injection on October 3, 2002. The 2002 death sentence was appealed on grounds that Yates believed his 2000 plea bargain to be "all-encompassing" and that a life sentence for 13 murders and a death sentence for two constituted "disproportionate, freakish, wanton and random" application of the death penalty. The arguments were rejected in 2007 by the Washington Supreme Court. A September 19, 2008 execution date was stayed by Chief Justice Gerry L. Alexander pending additional appeals. In 2013, Yates's attorneys filed a habeas corpus petition in federal district court, stating that Yates is mentally ill and, "through no fault of his own ... suffers from a severe paraphilic disorder" that predisposed him to commit murder. The still-pending motion is regarded as a "long shot" by most observers. "I don't think Mr. Yates helps his cause by relying on the fact that he's a necrophiliac," said Pierce County Prosecutor Mark Lindquist. Yates remains incarcerated at the Washington State Penitentiary. His case was further complicated by Washington Governor Jay Inslee's 2013 declaration that he would not sign death warrants for anyone on death row while he is in office. Inslee cited the high cost of the appeals process, the randomness with which death sentences are sought, and a lack of evidence that the penalty serves as a deterrent to other criminals. In July 2015, the Washington Supreme Court once again rejected an effort by Yates to overturn his conviction and death sentence. After the Washington State Supreme Court ruled in 2018 that the death penalty violated the state constitution, Yates's death sentence, as well as that of Washington's other death row inmates, was commuted to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Victims See also List of serial killers in the United States List of serial killers by number of victims References External links Robert Lee Yates, Jr. at Crime Library Kari & Associates – Robert Lee Yates, Jr. 1952 births American aviators United States Army personnel of the Gulf War American murderers of children American people convicted of murder American prisoners sentenced to death American serial killers Crimes against sex workers in the United States Male serial killers Living people Necrophiles People convicted of murder by Washington (state) People from Spokane, Washington People from Walla Walla, Washington Prisoners sentenced to death by Washington (state) United States Army soldiers American male criminals Violence against women in the United States

<mask>. (born May 27, 1952) is an American serial killer from Spokane, Washington. From 1975 to 1998, <mask> is known to have murdered at least 11 women in Spokane. <mask> also confessed to two murders committed in Walla Walla in 1975 and a 1988 murder committed in Skagit County. In 2002, <mask> was convicted of killing two women in Pierce County and sentenced to death, but it was commuted to life without parole after Washington outlawed the death penalty in 2018. He is currently serving life in prison at the Washington State Penitentiary. Early life <mask> was born on May 27, 1952, and grew up in Oak Harbor, Washington in a middle-class family that attended a local Seventh-day Adventist church. Before his birth, his grandmother murdered his grandfather with an axe in 1945.<mask> graduated from Oak Harbor High School in 1970. In 1975, he was hired by the Washington State Department of Corrections to work as a correction officer at the Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla. In October 1977, <mask> enlisted in the United States Army, in which he became certified to fly civilian transport airplanes and helicopters. <mask> was stationed in various countries outside the continental United States, including Germany and later Somalia and Haiti during the United Nations peacekeeping missions of the 1990s. <mask> also served three years in the Army National Guard as a Helicopter Pilot from April 1997 through April 2000. He earned several commendation and service medals during his military career, including the US Army Master Aviator Badge. <mask> left the active duty Army in April 1996, apparently a year and a half short of being eligible for his full retirement benefits and pension.At this time, the military was reducing its numbers, so he got his full retirement despite being short of the customary 20 years served. He then joined the Army National Guard in April 1997 and served three years until his arrest in April 2000. He served a total of 21.5 years in the military. He has five children (four daughters and one son) with second wife Linda, whom he married in 1976. The children's birth years range from 1974 to 1989. Murders The murders <mask> committed between 1975 and 1998 in Spokane all involved sex workers who worked along Spokane's East Sprague Avenue. The victims were initially solicited for sex work by <mask>, who would have sex with them (often in his 1979 Ford van), sometimes do drugs with them, then kill them and dump their bodies in rural locations.All of his victims died of gunshot wounds to the head. Eight of the murders were committed with a Raven .25-caliber handgun, and one attempted murder was linked to the same model of handgun. Autopsies of two of the victims indicated that the killer was a marksman aiming for the heart. One particularly bizarre detail of <mask>' murders involved the case of Melody Murfin, whose body was buried just outside the bedroom window of <mask>' family home, while his wife was sleeping in the room On August 1, 1998, <mask> picked up sex worker Christine Smith, who managed to escape after being shot, assaulted and robbed. She is <mask>' only known attempted murder survivor. On September 19, 1998, <mask> was asked to give a DNA sample to Spokane police after being stopped. He refused, stating that it was too extreme of a request for a "family man."Convictions and appeals <mask> was arrested on April 18, 2000, for the murder of Jennifer Joseph. After his arrest, a search warrant was executed on a 1977 white Corvette that he had previously owned. A white Corvette had been identified as the vehicle in which one of the victims had last been seen. Coincidentally, <mask> had been pulled over in this vehicle while the Task Force was searching for it, but the field interview report was misread as saying "Camaro" not "Corvette," thus the incident was not realized until after <mask> had been arrested. After searching the Corvette, police discovered blood that they linked to Jennifer Joseph and DNA from <mask> that they then tied to 12 other victims. In 2000, he was charged with 13 counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted first-degree murder in Spokane County Superior Court. As part of a plea bargain in which <mask> confessed to the murders to avoid the death penalty, he was sentenced to 408 years in prison.Charges were dropped in the murder of Shawn McClenahan, however in a statement made by <mask>, he apologized to her family and the other victims. In 2001 <mask> was charged in Pierce County with the murders of two additional women. The prosecution sought the death penalty for the deaths of Melinda L. Mercer in 1997 and Connie Ellis in 1998, which were thought to be linked to the killings in Spokane County. On September 19, 2002, <mask> was convicted of those murders and subsequently sentenced to death by lethal injection on October 3, 2002. The 2002 death sentence was appealed on grounds that <mask> believed his 2000 plea bargain to be "all-encompassing" and that a life sentence for 13 murders and a death sentence for two constituted "disproportionate, freakish, wanton and random" application of the death penalty. The arguments were rejected in 2007 by the Washington Supreme Court. A September 19, 2008 execution date was stayed by Chief Justice Gerry L. Alexander pending additional appeals.In 2013, <mask>'s attorneys filed a habeas corpus petition in federal district court, stating that <mask> is mentally ill and, "through no fault of his own ... suffers from a severe paraphilic disorder" that predisposed him to commit murder. The still-pending motion is regarded as a "long shot" by most observers. "I don't think Mr. <mask> helps his cause by relying on the fact that he's a necrophiliac," said Pierce County Prosecutor Mark Lindquist. <mask> remains incarcerated at the Washington State Penitentiary. His case was further complicated by Washington Governor Jay Inslee's 2013 declaration that he would not sign death warrants for anyone on death row while he is in office. Inslee cited the high cost of the appeals process, the randomness with which death sentences are sought, and a lack of evidence that the penalty serves as a deterrent to other criminals. In July 2015, the Washington Supreme Court once again rejected an effort by <mask> to overturn his conviction and death sentence.After the Washington State Supreme Court ruled in 2018 that the death penalty violated the state constitution, <mask>'s death sentence, as well as that of Washington's other death row inmates, was commuted to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Victims See also List of serial killers in the United States List of serial killers by number of victims References External links <mask> <mask>, Jr. at Crime Library Kari & Associates – <mask> <mask>, Jr. 1952 births American aviators United States Army personnel of the Gulf War American murderers of children American people convicted of murder American prisoners sentenced to death American serial killers Crimes against sex workers in the United States Male serial killers Living people Necrophiles People convicted of murder by Washington (state) People from Spokane, Washington People from Walla Walla, Washington Prisoners sentenced to death by Washington (state) United States Army soldiers American male criminals Violence against women in the United States

<mask>. is an American serial killer. <mask> is known to have murdered at least 11 women. <mask> confessed to the murders of two people in 1975, and a third person in 1988. <mask> was sentenced to death in 2002 but it was commuted to life without parole after Washington abolished the death penalty. He is serving a life sentence at the Washington State Penitentiary. <mask> was born on May 27, 1952, and grew up in Oak Harbor, Washington in a middle-class family that attended a Seventh-day Adventist church. His grandfather was murdered with an axe in 1945.<mask> attended Oak Harbor High School. In 1975, he was hired by the Washington State Department of Correction to work as a correction officer at the Washington State Penitentiary. <mask> became certified to fly civilian transport airplanes and helicopters after he enlisted in the United States Army. During the 1990s, <mask> was stationed in various countries outside of the United States, including Germany and later Haiti. <mask> was a helicopter pilot in the Army National Guard for three years. He earned several medals during his military career. <mask> left the Army in 1996 and was not eligible for his full retirement benefits until a year and a half later.He got his full retirement even though he was short of 20 years in the military. He joined the Army National Guard in 1997 and served three years before his arrest in 2000. He was in the military for 21 years. He has five children with his second wife Linda. The children's birth years ranged from 1974 to 1989. Sex workers were involved in all but one of the murders <mask> committed between 1975 and 1998. The victims were initially solicited for sex work by <mask>, who would have sex with them and then kill them and dump their bodies in rural locations.All of his victims were shot in the head. One attempted murder was linked to the same model of handgun used in eight of the murders. The autopsies of two of the victims showed that the killer was a marksman. On August 1, 1998, <mask> picked up Christine Smith, a sex worker who escaped after being shot, and buried her body outside the bedroom window of <mask>' family home. <mask>' only known attempted murder survivor is her. <mask> was stopped and asked to give a sample of his saliva. He said it was too extreme of a request for a family man.<mask> was arrested for the murder of Jennifer Joseph in 2000. After his arrest, a search warrant was executed on a car that he had previously owned. One of the victims had last been seen in a white car. <mask> had been pulled over in this vehicle while the Task Force was searching for it, but the field interview report was not realized until after <mask> had been arrested. Blood and DNA from <mask> were linked to 12 other victims after police found a car with blood on it. In 2000, he was charged with 13 counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted first-degree murder. <mask> was sentenced to 408 years in prison after he confessed to the murders to avoid the death penalty.<mask> apologized to Shawn's family and the other victims after charges were dropped in her murder. <mask> was charged with the murders of two more women. The prosecution wanted the death penalty for the deaths of two women, one in 1997 and the other in 1998. <mask> was sentenced to death by lethal injection on October 3, 2002. The 2002 death sentence was appealed because <mask> believed his 2000 plea bargain to be "all-encompassing" and that a life sentence for 13 murders and a death sentence for two constituted "disproportionate, freakish, wanton and random" application of the death penalty. The Washington Supreme Court rejected the arguments. The execution date was stayed by the Chief Justice.<mask>'s attorneys filed a petition in federal district court stating that <mask> is mentally ill and suffers from a severe paraphilic disorder that causes him to commit murder. Most observers think the motion is a long shot. "I don't think Mr. <mask> helps his cause by relying on the fact that he's a necrophiliac," said Mark Lindquist. <mask> is at the Washington State Penitentiary. His case was complicated by the fact that Washington Governor Jay Inslee wouldn't sign death warrants for anyone on death row while he was in office. The high cost of the appeals process, the randomness with which death sentences are sought, and a lack of evidence that the penalty serves as a deterrent to other criminals were cited by Inslee. The Washington Supreme Court once again rejected <mask>' attempt to overturn his conviction and death sentence.<mask>'s death sentence was commuted to life in prison without the possibility of parole after the Washington State Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional. The United States has a list of serial killers by number of victims.