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Victoria Fromkin

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<mask> (; May 16, 1923 – January 19, 2000) was an American linguist who taught at UCLA. She studied slips of the tongue, mishearing, and other speech errors, which she applied to phonology, the study of how the sounds of a language are organized in the mind. Biography <mask> was born in Passaic, New Jersey as <mask> on May 16, 1923. She earned a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1944. She married <mask>, a childhood friend from Passaic, in 1948, and they settled in Los Angeles, California. She decided to head back to school to study linguistics in her late thirties. She enrolled at UCLA, received her master's in 1963 and her Ph.D in 1965.Her thesis was entitled, "Some phonetic specifications of linguistic units: an electromyographic investigation". That same year, <mask> joined the faculty of the linguistics department at UCLA. Her line of research mainly dealt with speech errors and slips of the tongue. She collected more than 12,000 examples of slips of the tongue, which were analyzed in a number of scholarly publications, notably her 1971 Language article and an edited volume, Speech Errors as Linguistic Evidence. From 1971 to 1975, <mask> was part of a team of linguistic researchers studying the speech of the "feral child" known as Genie. Genie had spent the first 13 years of her life in severe isolation, and <mask> and her associates hoped that her case would illuminate the process of language acquisition after the critical period. However, the study ended after rancorous disputes over Genie's care, and the loss of funding from the National Institute of Mental Health.<mask> published several papers about Genie's linguistic development, and her PhD student, Susan Curtiss, wrote a dissertation about Genie's linguistic development under <mask>'s supervision. In 1974, <mask> was commissioned by the producers of the children's television series Land of the Lost to create a constructed language for a species of primitive cavemen/primates called the Pakuni. <mask> developed a 300-word vocabulary and syntax for the series, and translated scripts into her created Pakuni language for the series' first two seasons. For the action-sci-fi movie Blade (film), <mask> created another constructed language for the vampires in the film. She became the first woman in the University of California system to be Vice Chancellor of Graduate Programs. She held this position from 1980 to 1989. She was elected President of the Linguistic Society of America in 1985.<mask> was also chairwoman of the board of governors of the Academy of Aphasia. She was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences in 1996. <mask> died at the age of 76 on January 19, 2000 from colon cancer. The Linguistic Society of America established the "Victoria A. Fromkin Prize for Distinguished Service" award in her honor in 2001. This award recognizes individuals who have performed extraordinary service to the discipline and to the Society throughout their career. Research <mask> contributed to the area of linguistics known as speech errors. She created "Fromkin's Speech Error Database", for which data collection is ongoing.Fromkin recorded nine different types of speech errors. The following are examples of each: Lexical: Target Utterance: A fifty-pound bag of dog food Error Utterance: A fifty-pound dog of bag food. Morphological: Target Utterance: A cameraman who wants to make a report about the horserace. Error Utterance: A cameraman who WANT to er make a reportage about the horserace who WANTS to make a reportage about the horse race. Morphosyntactic: Target Utterance: We began to collect a lot of data to determine what they may mean. Error Utterance: We began to collect a lot of data to determine what they may MEANT. Phonological: Target Utterance: A bread bun Error Utterance: A BRUN Phonological/lexical: Target Utterance: 280 days as compared to Error Utterance: 280 days as composed to Phonologic/Morphologic: Target Utterance: DISTINGUISHED TEACHING award Error Utterance: DISTEACHING TINGWER award Phrasal: Target Utterance: and then they start painting/need t'start painting Error Utterance: ...and then they START NEED T'...need t'start painting.Syntactic: Target Utterance: a university that celebrated its 50th anniversary a couple of years ago Error Utterance: a university that IS celebratING its 50th anniversary a couple of years ago Tip-of-the-Tongue: Target Utterance: Cherokee Error Utterance: it starts with a "j" <mask> theorized that slips of the tongue can occur at many levels including syntactic, phrasal, lexical or semantic, morphological, phonological. She also believed that slips of the tongue could occur as many different process procedures. The different forms were: Addition: Someone wants to say, "bomb scare" but instead says, "bomb square." Deletion: Someone wants to say, "I hope you use the same brush every day" but instead says, "I hope you use the rush every day." Exchange: Wanting to say, "can you sign on the line" but instead says, "cas you nign on the line?" Substitution: Someone wants to say, "a vote for the guarneri quartet came in" but instead says, "a vote for the guarneri quartAte cAme in." <mask>'s research helps support the argument that language processing is not modular.The argument for modularity claims that language is localized, domain-specific, mandatory, fast, and encapsulated. Her research on slips of the tongue has demonstrated that when people make slips of the tongue it usually happens on the same level, indicating that each level has a distinct place in the person's brain. Phonemes switch with phonemes, stems with stems, and morphemes switch with other morphemes. Books References Further reading Subscription needed. Linguists from the United States Psycholinguists 1923 births 2000 deaths Women linguists Linguistic Society of America presidents 20th-century linguists University of California, Berkeley alumni University of California, Los Angeles alumni University of California, Los Angeles faculty

Mikayil Jabbarov

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<mask> ( born September 19, 1976) is the current Minister of Economу of the Republic of Azerbaijan (since October 23, 2019), Minister of Taxes of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2017–2019), Minister of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2013–2017), Director of the Administration of Icherisheher State Historical-Architectural Reserve under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2009–2013), Deputy Minister of Economic Development of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2004–2009). President of the Azerbaijan Badminton Federation (2015–2021), President of the Azerbaijan Fencing Federation (2017–2021), President of Azerbaijan Wrestling Federation (since 2021). Life <mask> was born on September 19, 1976 in Baku. Education 1992–1997 – Studied at Baku State University, graduated from the International Law Department with distinction. 1997–1998 – Obtained an LL.M degree from McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific (Sacramento, California, US). 2004 – Obtained a Master degree in Economics from Azerbaijan State Economic University. Career 1995 – Started career in the banking sector.Since 1999 – Member of the New York State Bar Association. 1999–2002 – Lawyer in the private sector. 2002–2003 – Counselor to the Minister, the Ministry of Economic Development. 2003–2004 – President of the Azerbaijan Export and Investment Promotion Foundation (AZPROMO). February 20, 2004 – appointed as Deputy Minister of Economic Development by the Decree of the President of Azerbaijan Republic. Responsible for coordination of activities related to cooperation with international financial institutions, external economic relations, foreign investment policy, legal issues at international arbitrage, and corporate governance. March 6, 2009 – appointed as Director of the Administration of Icherisheher State Historical-Architectural Reserve under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.April 19, 2013 – appointed Minister of Education by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. June 16, 2017 – appointed as Co-Chair of Azerbaijan-Israel Joint Commission by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. December 5, 2017 – appointed as Minister of Taxes by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. March 17, 2018 – appointed as Co-Chair of the Intergovernmental Commission on Bilateral Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Government of the Republic of Lithuania by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. March 17, 2018 – March 2, 2020 – served as Co-Chair of the Joint Commission to promote economic cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Government of the Republic of Croatia. October 10, 2018 – promoted to the special rank of 3rd class State Tax Service Adviser by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. February 9, 2019 – promoted to the special rank of 2nd class State Tax Service Adviser by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.October 23, 2019 – appointed as Minister of Economy by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. December 4, 2019 – appointed as Co-Chair of the Joint Commission between the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Government of the United Arab Emirates on Economic, Trade and Technical Cooperation by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. March 2, 2020 – appointed as Co-Chair of the Joint Commission between the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Government of the Swiss Federal Council by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. March 2, 2020 – appointed as Deputy Co-Chair of the Joint Intergovernmental Commission between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Georgia on Economic Cooperation by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. January 4, 2021 – appointed as a member of Supervisory Board of the «Karabakh Revival Fund» by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. January 23, 2021 – appointed as the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Social activity 1994–1997 – President of the "Atashgakh" Intellectual Games Club.1996–1997 – Deputy Chairman of the Azerbaijani Youth Organizations Forum. 1996–1997 – Winner of the CIS championship in the "Brain ring" intellectual game. 1997 – First Azerbaijani player of the TV intellectual game "What? Where? When?" held in Moscow, participated at the Final of 1997 Summer Series. A regular participant of Baku TV club "What?Where? When?". Winner of the 5th-anniversary club games. 2002 – World Champion of "Brain Ring" intellectual game and champion of the national championship of "What? Where? When?". 2009 – Awarded honorary citizenship of Tbilisi (Georgia).2015–2021 – President of the Azerbaijan Badminton Federation. 2017–2021 – President of the Azerbaijan Fencing Federation. 2021 – Mentor of the winner of nationwide competition "Yüksəliş" Ziya Mursalzadeh. 2021 – elected as President of Azerbaijan Wrestling Federation. Work in the "Icherisheher" State Historical-Architectural Reserve Administration In June 2009 – "Icherisheher" (the Old City of Baku) was removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger according to the decision of the 33rd Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. February 10, 2010 – The Palace of the Shirvanshahs (State Historical-Architectural Reserve) was handed over to the Administration's structure by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. November 8, 2010 – Approval of the "General Detailed Conservation Master Plan of the Historical Center of Baku" by the Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers.2010–2012 – Following steps are taken to restore the historical and cultural monuments of national and international importance: – Restoration and conservation work carried out at the Small Caravanserai (a medieval monument); – Complete restoration of the Muhammad's Mosque, an architectural monument of international importance; – Repair and restoration work of Siratagli religious and architectural complex (known as Market Square); – A major part of the Fortress Wall was restored, the adjacent area was cleared; – A 15th century tower, demolished in the early 20th century, identified and completely restored. August 19, 2011 – Baku Marionette Theater was reassigned to the Administration by the Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers. October 13, 2011 – Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the establishment of the Historic House Museum of Tahir Salahov, a famous artist, was issued. December 22, 2011 – The State Historical and Ethnographic Reserve "Gala" was handed over to the Administration's structure by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan: – The Reserve's borders were approved by the Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers; – The Reserve's infrastructure and facilities were improved to provide visitors with better services. 2012 – The "Icherisheher" Traditional Arts Center was established in cooperation with the Prince's School of Traditional Arts (UK). 2012 – Restoration and research work at the Maiden Tower, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 75% of the facade surface was conserved.2009–2013 – A master plan for development of Icheri Sheher was adopted and the automatic system of controlling vehicle access to Icheri Sheher was introduced. The Administration became a benchmark for other countries, whose UNESCO World Heritage Sites are under threat. Work in the Ministry of Education Preschool and general education 2013–2017 – For five years, Azerbaijani school students won 109 awards at the international Olympiads, including 3 gold, 21 silver, and 85 bronze medals. 2013–2018 – E-admission of students to all Baku primary schools launched. 2014 – “Healthy School – Healthy Nation” project was launched to ensure the development and well-being of the school-age children. 2014–2017 – Up to 140 000 teachers tested via diagnostic assessment. 2015 – New rules applied to provide transparency of the nation-wide school subject Olympiads.2016 – Azerbaijan advanced in PIRLS international assessment results (462 to 472), with the twofold increase of students in the "Advanced" and "High" categories. 2016 – “Friend of School Child” pilot project launched jointly by the Ministry of Education and the State Agency under the President of Azerbaijan for Public Service and Social Innovations. The main goal of the project is to ensure complete safety in schools and to establish closer contact between schoolchildren, teachers, and parents. 2016–2017 – State-funded preschool education was launched to provide a school readiness program for 5-year-old children. 2016–2017 – Construction of modular schools in remote regions increased. In 2017, 100 modular-type schools were built to accommodate 5,000 students in 40 districts of Azerbaijan. TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) April 20, 2016 – The State Vocational Education Agency was established under the Ministry of Education by the Decree of the President of Azerbaijan.2016 – The STEP IT Academy established on the basis of the Baku Vocational Lyceum No 9. 2017 – Implementation of the "Strategic Roadmap for the development of the vocational education and training in the Republic of Azerbaijan" launched. 16 October 2017 – A new building of the Gabala State Vocational Education Center was opened. Higher education May 12, 2014 – The Ministers of Education of France and Azerbaijan signed a Letter of intent focusing on cooperation between universities in order to strengthen educational ties between France and Azerbaijan. As a result, the University of Strasbourg and the Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University jointly establish the French-Azerbaijani University UFAZ. 2014–2015 – SABAH groups on 34 specialties were established in 7 public institutions. December 14, 2015 – The First Forum of Azerbaijani Student Volunteers was held.December 22, 2015 – The Ministry of Education signed the partnership agreement with the IP and Science Division of Thomson Reuters, the leading global supplier of analytical information for businesses and professionals. As a result, Azerbaijan's 40 institutions of higher education gained full access to the Web of Science platform. 2015 – On the initiative of the Ministry of Education, the Maarifchi Student Credit Fund was created to provide soft loans to students from low-income families and promote equal access to education. 2015 – Baku branch of the I.M.Sechenov

Mikayil Jabbarov

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First Moscow State Medical University was inaugurated. 2016 – E-portal https://transfer.edu.az was launched to provide simplified and transparent transferring students between higher education institutions within the country and abroad, or transferring students from one faculty to another. 2016 – The first Big Data, Data Sciences Instruction and Research Centre in Azerbaijan, opened at the ADA University. The Centre established with the financial support of BP, will also result in the commencement of a new Master's Degree program in Big Data Analytics and Data Sciences to help meet the needs for data scientists and big data analysts.2017 – The first graduation ceremony of SABAH groups’ students was held. Work at the Ministry of Taxes February 13, 2018 – The conference on "Taxes. Transparency. Development" was held in Baku to discuss further reforms for the sake of creation of transparent and attractive tax system in the country. April 17, 2018 – Kick-off meeting of the twinning project "Supporting to the Taxes Ministry in Setting Transfer Prices and Developing Counter Measures against Tax Evasion". May 2, 2018 – Department on control over import and export operations under the Ministry of Taxes was established. In 2018, a set of measures was implemented to reorganize the principles of tax governance, to improve tax administration, to ensure transparency, to increase mutual trust between taxpayers and tax authorities.December 20, 2018 – President of the Republic of Azerbaijan approved the Law "On Amendments to the Tax Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan". As of January 1, 2019, amendments to the Tax Code covering five main directions (support of entrepreneurship, reduction of shadow economy and tax evasion, expansion of taxation base, use of tax incentives and modernization of tax administration) came into force. January 1, 2019 – Simplified state registration of legal entities with one procedure in 20 minutes was launched. February 23, 2019 – An electronic service for taxpayers to receive information about the temporary ban on leaving the country was launched. March 4, 2019 – Tax reforms and recent amendments to the Tax Code were presented to representatives of diplomatic corps. May 3, 2019 – The Institute of Tax Ombudsman established in Azerbaijan. 2019 – New generation of cash registers introduced in Azerbaijan.2019 – Strengthening tax discipline at tobacco and alcohol production through establishing special excise posts at plants. As a result, transparency in the production process and declaration of excise revenues were increased. July 19, 2019 – A pilot project was launched to increase the level of accounting, the reliability and transparency of reports in agriculture sector. For 5 months of 2019, share of turnover with e-invoice in non-oil sector was significantly increased in comparison with the same period of the last year. July 24, 2019 – Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on approval of the structure of the Ministry of Taxes. January–June 2019 – Positive results were achieved in the field of tax revenues, transparency and legalization of the labour market. Collection of taxes from non-oil sector was significantly increased.December 25, 2019 – President of the Republic of Azerbaijan approved the Law "On amendments to the Tax Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan" and signed the decree on its execution. Work at the Ministry of Economy November 20, 2019 – Azerbaijan's Minister of Economy <mask> <mask> was elected as Chairman of the Coordination Council of Heads of Tax Services of the CIS Member States. December 6, 2019 – The International Conference dedicated to the 20th Anniversary of signing the Basic Multilateral Agreement on International Transport for Development of the Europe-Caucasus-Asia Corridor and the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Intergovernmental Commission (IGC) TRACECA was held in Baku. December 6, 2019 – The Republic of Azerbaijan officially assumed the chairmanship in the Intergovernmental Commission TRACECA. December 9, 2019 – The opening of an Azerbaijani-Russian joint venture on production of medicines “R-Farm” at the Pirallahi Industrial Park. December 9, 2019 – The foundation of two new plants in cooperation with Russian investors were laid in Hajigabul Industrial Estate. First one was specialized on production of commercial and special vehicles, second one – on manufacturing Penoplex insulation materials.December 9, 2019 – The Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation signed a Protocol of Intent on Economic Cooperation. December 10, 2019 – The First Forum of Young Entrepreneurs took place in Baku. December 17, 2019 – Ukraine Trading House was opened in Baku. February 3, 2020 – A conference dedicated to the results of the first-year implementation of "The State Programme on socio-economic development of the regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2019–2023" was held. February 7, 2020 – Azerbaijan's Agency for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) has commissioned the first House of SMEs in Khachmaz district. April 4, 2020 – Prime Minister of the Republic of Azerbaijan approved the Action Plan to implement the item 10.2 of the Azerbaijani president's order # 1950 dated March 19, 2020" “On a number of measures to reduce the negative impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) and sharp fluctuations as a result of coronavirus in the global energy market and stock market, on the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, macroeconomic stability, issues of employment in the country and entrepreneurship". April 6, 2020 – President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev attended the inauguration of medical masks manufactory established by Baku Textile Factory LLC in Sumgait Chemical Industry Park.April 8, 2020 – The program to compensate entrepreneurs and their employees for the damage caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was launched in accordance with the Action Plan adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers in order to reduce the negative impact on business entities due to the coronavirus pandemic. May 4, 2020 – The Ministry of Economy launched a new mechanism on partial refund of VAT paid for goods by individual consumers May 12, 2020 – President of the Republic of Azerbaijan signed a decree on ensuring the activity of the Ministry of Economy. June 2, 2020 – President of the Republic of Azerbaijan signed the Law "On amendments to the Tax Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan" and the decree on its execution. June 30, 2020 – The Ministry of Economy launched a new mechanism for providing entrepreneurs with soft loans according to the Presidential Decree on approval of preferential lending through the Entrepreneurship Development Fund, and the Electronic Credit Platform for this purpose. President Ilham Aliyev approved the procedures of preferential lending from the Entrepreneurship Development Fund as well as amendments to the statute of the Fund. July 3, 2020 – An additional power to monitor compliance by business entities and their officials with the rules of anti-epidemic, sanitary-hygienic and quarantine regimes was given to the State Tax Service under the Ministry of Economy in accordance with the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on amendments to the "Regulations of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan" and "Regulations of the State Tax Service under the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan". September 24, 2020 – AzerGold CJSC issued bonds.The Baku Stock Exchange (BSE) held an auction on placement of the first tranche of bonds. October 19, 2020 – Financial sanctions on entrepreneurs in the frontline regions were completely abolished. November 19, 2020 – Economic and investment potential of Azerbaijani lands liberated from Armenian occupation was demonstrated at MUSİAD Expo 2020 exhibition in Istanbul. December 25, 2020 – “ƏDV-ni geri al“ project was announced as “The Most Innovative Project of the Year” within the annual Azerbaijan Innovation Award. 2020 – Concessional lending to entrepreneurs expanded. February 1, 2020 – The Ministry of Economy and Coca-Cola Bottlers Azerbaijan LLC signed a Memorandum of Understanding to build a new plant in the country. February 2, 2021 – Minister of Economy <mask> <mask> met with employees of the Ministry of Economy who took part in the Patriotic War.February 19, 2021 – Azerbaijan and Turkey signed a protocol and action plan at the 9th meeting of the Joint Intergovernmental Commission. February 27, 2021 – An agreement on the transfer of Azerbaijan's Azerlotereya OJSC to the management of the Turkish Demiroren Holding company was signed. March 1, 2021 – The United Nations and Azerbaijan signed the Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework for 2021–2025. April 1, 2021 – The Government of Azerbaijan and the World Economic Forum (WEF) signed an agreement on establishing Azerbaijan Affiliate of the Centre for the 4th Industrial Revolution Network. This is the first Centre of this kind in CIS region. April 2, 2021 – Azerbaijan and Turkey signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Digital Trade May 29, 2021 – President Ilham Aliyev inaugurated a new building of the Ministry of Economy. July 29, 2021 – Azerbaijan has opened Trade and Tourism Representative Offices in Israel which will serve as an important platform for the expansion of economic cooperation, business relations and promotion of business dialogue between Azerbaijan and Israel.Among the heroes of the 44-day Patriotic War, there are 146 employees of the Ministry of Economy. The Minister of Economy <mask> <mask> holds regular meetings with war veterans. Controversies 2013–2017 – Comprehensive measures were taken to prevent bribery and corruption in the educational system, but they were not assessed as fully successful. Experts called for more radical measures to be taken, no real proposals were put forward though. 2016 – The idea that "it is not right to assess the students studying within a new educational system through the tests" was met with criticism. This idea was misrepresented to the public as a suggestion to cancel the test exams, while, in fact, the idea implied application of new tools to assess students’ knowledge. With this regard, the State Examination Center released a statement with a similar message, confirming that the new idea does not mean a cancellation of the tests as such.See also Cabinet of Azerbaijan Education in Azerbaijan External links References 1976 births Living people Government ministers of Azerbaijan Baku State University alumni Azerbaijan State University of Economics alumni University of the Pacific (United States) alumni Politicians from

Erin Boag

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<mask> (born 17 March 1975) is a professional ballroom dancer. She has danced from the age of three, originally starting ballet and later moving into ballroom, Latin and jazz. Born in Auckland, New Zealand, she moved to Australia as a teenager to progress her dancing career, before moving to London in 1996. She started professionally dancing and is well known for being on Strictly Come Dancing in the UK with her partner Anton du Beke. <mask> is an honorary patron of the theatre charity The Music Hall Guild of Great Britain and America. Professional career <mask>'s regular professional partner is Anton du Beke. They met in 1997, and won the 1998 and 1999 New Zealand Championships.They turned professional in 2002, competing mainly in the United Kingdom. Their best result on the competition circuit was in November 2003 when they won the IDTA Classic in Brighton. They appeared on the first 10 series of Strictly Come Dancing. <mask> has not appeared as a contestant on Strictly Come Dancing since Series 10, although du Beke still appears on the show. She made a brief cameo in 2015, giving advice to contestant Katie Derham, who was partnered with du Beke that year. Strictly Come Dancing Highest- and lowest-scoring performances per dance From 2004 to 2012, <mask> competed as one of the professional partners in ten series and six Christmas specials of the BBC celebrity ballroom competition show, Strictly Come Dancing. In the show's first series, <mask> was partnered up with former England rugby league player, Martin Offiah.They were eliminated in week six of the competition, finishing in fourth place. In the show's second series, <mask> was partnered up with comedian, Julian Clary. They reached the finals of the competition, but were eliminated in third place. In the show's third series, <mask> was partnered up with former Olympic athlete, Colin Jackson. They also reached the finals of the competition, but were named the runners-up to cricketer Darren Gough and his professional partner, Lilia Kopylova. She and Jackson later competed in the 2005 Christmas special, where they finished in fifth place. In the show's fourth series, <mask> was partnered up with former Danish professional footballer, Peter Schmeichel.They were eliminated on the seventh week of the competition, finishing in seventh place. She later reunited with Jackson to compete in the 2006 Christmas special, and were voted the winners of the competition. In the show's fifth series, <mask> was partnered up with former professional snooker player, Willie Thorne. They were eliminated on the second week of the competition, finishing in thirteenth place. In the show's sixth series, <mask> was partnered up with former England rugby union player, Austin Healey. They reached the quarter-finals of the competition, but were eliminated in fourth place. In the show's seventh series, <mask> was partnered up with former EastEnders actor, Ricky Groves.They were eliminated in week ten of the competition, finishing in sixth place. She later participated in the 2009 Christmas special, where she was partnered with her former celebrity partner Austin Healey. They finished the Christmas special in joint-fifth place, alongside Ricky Whittle and his professional partner, Natalie Lowe. In the show's eighth series, <mask> was partnered up with former England professional footballer, Peter Shilton. They were eliminated in week three of the competition, finishing in twelfth place. She later participated in the 2010 Christmas special, where she was partnered with Liberal Democrats politician, Vince Cable. They finished the Christmas special in second place, losing to actor John Barrowman and his professional partner, Kristina Rihanoff.In the show's ninth series, <mask> was partnered up with comedian and impressionist, Rory Bremner. They became the third couple to be eliminated from the competition, finishing in twelfth place. She later competed in the 2011 Christmas special, where she was partnered with former professional boxer, Barry McGuigan. They finished the Christmas special in joint-second place, alongside Simon Webbe and his professional partner, Katya Virshilas. In the show's tenth series, <mask> was partnered up with television presenter, Richard Arnold. They became the sixth couple to be eliminated from the competition, finishing in ninth place. The tenth series was her final series before being replaced by Janette Manrara in the eleventh series.Series 1 - with celebrity partner Martin Offiah; placed 4th Series 2 - with celebrity partner Julian Clary; placed 3rd Series 3 - with celebrity partner Colin Jackson; placed 2nd Series 4 - with celebrity partner Peter Schmeichel; placed 7th Series 5 - with celebrity partner Willie Thorne; placed 13th Series 6 - with celebrity partner Austin Healey; placed 4th Series 7 - with celebrity partner Ricky Groves; placed 6th Series 8 - with celebrity partner Peter Shilton; placed 12th Series 9 - with celebrity partner Rory Bremner; placed 12th Series 10 - with celebrity partner Richard Arnold; placed 9th Personal life After they were introduced by Camilla Dallerup, Boag became engaged to business consultant Peter O'Dowd on Christmas Eve 2007. The couple were married on 17 June 2009, in Italy. On 24 April 2014, <mask> gave birth by emergency caesarean section to a baby boy, named Ewan Robert Geoffrey O'Dowd. He was born on his father's 50th birthday; Boag's professional dancing partner Anton du Beke is the child's godfather. Dance tours and other professional engagements In August 2017, <mask> and du Beke announced a three-month 2018 UK Tour FROM BROADWAY TO HOLLYWOOD. In September 2018, <mask> announced she would be appearing with du Beke at Donahey's Dancing with The Stars Weekends. The tour was to comprise three weekend breaks in England and Wales in 2019, and to feature the stars of Strictly Come Dancing teaching and performing.References External links 1975 births Living people People from Auckland New Zealand ballroom dancers 21st-century New Zealand dancers

Sarah Althea Hill

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<mask> (March 26, 1850 – February 14, 1937) was a socialite, mistress, and mentally unstable woman with a history of violent behavior who became a national celebrity when she sued millionaire Senator William Sharon for divorce, citing adultery, in 1883. She claimed he had secretly married her three years earlier in a private contract. She was known to carry a small-caliber Colt revolver in her purse and did not hesitate to threaten all who crossed her. The divorce case and related law suits set legal precedent and spawned numerous spinoff lawsuits that dragged on for nearly a decade. Two months after Sharon died, she married her attorney David S. Terry. Early years <mask> was born in Pleasant Hill, Missouri, the daughter of attorney Samuel H<mask> and Julia Sloan. Her older brother was <mask>, for whom the California town of Morgan Hill is named.Both of their parents died while they were minors, leaving them to be cared for by relatives. When they came of age, they received $20,000 (or about $ today) each as their inheritance from their parents. In 1871, at the age of 21, <mask> came to San Francisco with her brother, where they lived with their relatives, William and Ada Bryan. In 1880, she had a love affair with attorney Reuben H. Lloyd. When he ended the affair, she attempted suicide on May 10, 1880 in his office by drinking poison. She was saved when her stomach was pumped. San Francisco socialite In the fall of 1880, at age 30, <mask> met millionaire Senator William Sharon, the president of the Bank of California, the owner of the Palace Hotel, and other properties.At the time, he was 60, a widower, and one of the richest men in the country. He gave her $500 (about $ today) per month and a room in the San Francisco Grand Hotel, adjoining the Palace Hotel where he lived, for the pleasure of her companionship. After just over a year, he tried to end the relationship, but she would not agree. He finally evicted her from the room by having the carpets ripped up and the door hinges removed, along with a $7,500 (around $) payment. When he began a relationship with another woman, she claimed to be his wife and sued him for divorce, claiming adultery. One of her attorneys was David S. Terry. Sharon claimed he had hired <mask> merely as his mistress.<mask> produced a marriage contract dated August 20, 1880, and said Sharon had sworn her to secrecy for two years. His reasons, she testified, were that he was up for re-election and could not afford the scandal that would result when his mistress back east heard about the marriage. Sharon countersued, claiming that the marriage contract she produced was fraudulent. Sharon vs. Sharon <mask> initially won the first case in December 1884. Judge Jeremiah F. Sullivan declared her the legal wife of William Sharon and awarded her alimony and the right to half of his accumulated wealth since the date of their marriage. Because of continuing counter-suits and appeals, <mask> never received any of Sharon's money. William Sharon died on November 13, 1885.<mask> produced a handwritten will, supposedly made not long before his death, that she said she found in his desk. Those who knew Sharon doubted its authenticity. It gave Sharon's entire estate to <mask> and nothing to his son Frederick and son-in-law Frank Newlands. On January 7, 1886, <mask> married one of her lawyers, former California Supreme Court Justice David S. Terry. Terry was well known for killing Senator David C. Broderick in a duel in 1859. <mask> and Terry were married at St. Mary's Church in Stockton, California, Terry's home town. The Sharon family continued to fight <mask>.As was the custom at the time, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Stephen Johnson Field was assigned to assist the California Circuit Court. He was coincidentally assigned to the Sharon vs. Sharon case. After William Sharon died, his son and son-in-law carried on the case. Many were suspicious of the authenticity of the will <mask> claimed to have found. <mask>'s expenses were primarily bankrolled by her friend, Mary Ellen Pleasant, an elderly black entrepreneur. The lawsuit propelled <mask> into the national spotlight and earned her the nickname, The Rose of Sharon. In January 1886, a U.S.Circuit Court Judge and a U.S. District Court Judge sitting as a Circuit Judge rendered a decision against the defendants. They ruled that the marriage contract was a forgery and required the plaintiffs to turn over the document so that it could be nullified by the court. The Terrys refused to comply with the Court's order and were jailed. They returned to the court in March 1888, seeking further relief. On September 3, 1888, Field delivered the final Circuit Court opinion. He ruled that the will was a forgery. <mask> <mask> suddenly stood up, screamed obscenities at the judge, and fumbled in her handbag for her revolver.When Marshal John Franks and others attempted to escort her from the courtroom, attorney Terry rose to defend his wife and drew his Bowie knife. He hit Franks, knocking out a tooth, and the marshals drew their handguns. Spectators subdued Terry and led him out of the courtroom, where he pulled his Bowie knife and threatened all around him. David Neagle was among the Marshals present and put his pistol in Terry's face. Both Terrys were subdued and placed under arrest. Justice Field had them returned to the courtroom and sentenced both to jail for contempt of court. David Terry got six months in jail, and <mask> got one month.While being transported to jail and while serving their sentences, Terry and his wife repeatedly threatened Justice Field. The Terrys suffered several more setbacks. Both David and <mask> were indicted by a federal grand jury on criminal charges arising out of their behavior in the courtroom before Justice Field. In May 1889, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the order that invalidated <mask> Terry's marriage contract with Senator Sharon. Then, in July, with only one of the four judges who had earlier ruled in their favor, the California Supreme Court reversed itself. It ruled that because <mask> Terry and Sharon had kept their alleged marriage a secret, they were never legally married. While in jail or shortly afterward, pregnant <mask> suffered a miscarriage.Attack expected The newspapers followed the case and repeatedly speculated about the likelihood of an attack on Field. When Field returned to California as a circuit riding judge for the 9th Circuit Court again the next year, U.S. Attorney General William Miller instructed Marshal Franks on May 6, 1889 to appoint Neagle as a Marshal with the responsibility to protect Field. Terry killed When David and <mask> Terry were released from jail, they returned to Fresno. On August 14, 1889, they boarded a train in Fresno on which unknown to them Field and Neagle were returning from Los Angeles. At 7:10 am, all of the passengers disembarked the train to eat breakfast in the railroad station dining room at Lathrop, California. After entering the dining room, <mask> Terry saw Field. She quickly exited and returned to her railroad car, apparently to fetch her satchel in which she was known to carry a pistol.When her husband saw Field, he walked behind him and slapped Field twice with such force that his glasses were knocked off. Neagle, who was 5'7" tall and weighed 145 pounds, testified that the 6'3", 250-pound Terry recognized Neagle from the earlier confrontation in the courtroom. Neagle later said he saw a look of determination and victory on Terry's face. Neagle rose from his chair and said, "Stop that! I am an officer." Terry drew back his hand again and Neagle drew his .45-caliber revolver and shot Terry at point-blank range in the heart. Neagle announced to the 80 to 100 people in the dining room, "I am a United States Marshal and I defy anyone to touch me!"Field told them that Terry had assaulted him "and my officer shot him." <mask> <mask> had been held at the door by one of the dining room proprietors, who had searched the satchel and found a gun within it. She screamed and pushed her way through the crowd, throwing herself over her husband's body. Neagle thought he saw her covertly remove David Terry's knife from his vest. She challenged the crowd to search his body, insistent he was unarmed. The knife was later found in her satchel with the pistol. Declared insane After her husband's death, <mask> became obsessed with spiritualism, hiring medium after medium to put her in touch with David Terry.Eventually, since she had no money to hire lawyers, the Sharon case gradually came to an end as the final cases were either dismissed or quickly decided against her. By February, 1892, newspapers were reporting that Mrs. Terry was insane. She wandered aimlessly in the streets of San Francisco, ignoring her appearance. She constantly talked to "spirits," especially that of her husband, and could not sleep. She had periods of violence and believed that she was being tormented by electricity and hypnotism. Abandoned by her relatives since the beginning of the Sharon case, Terry's fate was left to the only friends she had left, R. Porter Ashe and Mary Ellen Pleasant. Pleasant initiated action to have Terry committed to an insane asylum.After a brief examination by the Insanity Commission, <mask> was committed at age 33 to the California Asylum at Stockton (later known as the Stockton State Hospital) on March 11, 1892. Diagnosed with “dementia praecox,” an early term for schizophrenia, she was extremely violent and had to be restrained for years in the asylum. Despite being termed "our best known patient" by Dr. Asa Clark, the hospital superintendent, Terry received almost no visitors over the years other than a few authors researching her case. She was not treated except with sedatives and eventually adapted to her life in the institution but was deluded into thinking that she was a rich and grand lady, the hospital was her mansion, and the staff her servants. She remained incarcerated for forty-five years, from ages 42 to 86. When she died of pneumonia, Cornelia Terry, the granddaughter of David Terry, stepped forward to offer her a proper burial, saving <mask> from being buried on the hospital grounds. <mask> <mask> is buried in the Terry family plot in the Stockton Rural Cemetery.References Other sources Holdredge, Helen (1953). Mammy Pleasant. New York City: G. P. Putnam and Sons. ISBN ASIN: B0006ATHHQ. W. H. L. Barnes, Argument for the Defendant, <mask> Sharon vs. William Sharon (San Francisco: Barry, Baird & Co., 1884). Oscar T. Shuck, ed., History of the bench and bar of California (Los Angeles: The Commercial Printing House, 1901). John D. Lawson, ed., American State Trials, Volume XV (St. Louis: Thomas Law Book Co., 1926).1850 births 1937 deaths People from San Francisco People from Cape Girardeau, Missouri Deaths from pneumonia in California

Richard Marles

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<mask> (born 13 July 1967) is an Australian politician who has been deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and Deputy Leader of the Opposition since May 2019. He has held the Division of Corio in Victoria since the 2007 federal election. He was a parliamentary secretary from 2009 to 2013, and briefly served as Minister for Trade in the second Rudd Government from June to September 2013. He has been a member of the shadow cabinet since Labor's defeat at the 2013 election. Early life <mask> was born in Geelong, Victoria. He is the son of <mask>, a former headmaster of Trinity Grammar School, and <mask> (née Pearce), Victoria's first Equal Opportunity Commissioner and later Chancellor of the University of Melbourne. <mask> was educated at Geelong Grammar School and the University of Melbourne where he resided at Ormond College.He graduated with a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws with Honours. He joined the Melbourne University Labor Club in his first week at university. He was also the General Secretary of the National Union of Students in 1989. He started his career as a solicitor with Melbourne industrial law firm Slater and Gordon. In 1994, he became legal officer for the Transport Workers Union (TWU). He was elected TWU National Assistant Secretary four years later. In 2000 he joined Australia's peak national union body, the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), as assistant secretary, remaining in the position until 2007.Politics Early career In March 2006, <mask> nominated for Labor preselection against the sitting member for Corio, Gavan O'Connor, as part of a challenge to several sitting members organised by the right-wing Labor Unity faction of the party. In the local ballot <mask> polled 57% of the vote, and his endorsement was then confirmed by the party's public office selection committee. <mask> was elected member for Corio on 24 November 2007 in the election that returned the Labor Party to office under the leadership of Kevin Rudd. From February 2008 to June 2009 he was chair of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs. Parliamentary secretary and Minister for Trade In June 2009 <mask> was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Innovation and Industry. He retained his seat in the 2010 election and was sworn in as Parliamentary Secretary for Pacific Island Affairs in the First Gillard Ministry on 14 September 2010. In July 2011, <mask> became the first Australian member of parliament to visit Wallis and Futuna.<mask> arrived in Wallis and Futuna to attend a ceremony with King Kapiliele Faupala in Mata-Utu marking the 50th anniversary of the islands' status as a French Overseas collectivity. <mask> had previously visited New Caledonia in October 2010 and French Polynesia in March 2011. In the ministerial reshuffle of 2 March 2012, <mask> was given the additional role of Parliamentary Secretary for Foreign Affairs. On 21 March 2013 he resigned these roles after expressing support for Kevin Rudd to challenge Julia Gillard for the leadership; a challenge that did not eventuate. In June 2013, he was appointed the Minister for Trade and a member of the Cabinet, succeeding Craig Emerson, who resigned following the June 2013 leadership spill that saw Kevin Rudd defeat Julia Gillard for leadership of the Labor Party. Shadow minister After the ALP's defeat at the 2013 federal election, <mask> was appointed Shadow Minister for Immigration and Border Protection under opposition leader Bill Shorten. In February 2016, he began co-hosting the weekly television program Pyne & Marles on Sky News Live with Liberal MP Christopher Pyne.<mask> had his portfolio changed after the 2016 election, becoming Shadow Minister for Defence. He has been cited as holding pro-U.S. views and as a "somewhat of a hawk". Deputy Leader of the Opposition In May 2019, after Labor lost the 2019 federal election, it was reported that <mask> would stand for the deputy leadership of the party, and would likely be elected unopposed following Clare O'Neil's decision not to run. He was formally endorsed as deputy to Anthony Albanese on 30 May, and selected the portfolio of Defence in the shadow cabinet. Following a shadow cabinet reshuffle in January 2021, <mask> was placed in charge of a new "super portfolio" relating to recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, encompassing a "broad brief across national reconstruction, jobs, skills, small business and science". Political positions <mask> is a senior figure in his state's Labor Right faction. Refugees and asylum seekers <mask> supports the turning back of asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by boat and a Pacific Solution for the resettlement of refugees.<mask> was supportive of an Australian War Memorial commemorating Operation Sovereign Borders navy personnel who undertook activities to stop asylum seekers coming to Australia by boat. That position was slammed by several Labor Left MPs as well as the Greens. National defence <mask> is critical of the governments handling of the future submarine program and says that the project has "profoundly compromised Australia's National security". <mask> otherwise supports the bipartisan consensus on national defence matters. Fossil fuels and energy On an interview on Sky News on 20 February 2019, <mask> stated that it would be "a good thing" if the thermal coal market in Australia collapsed. He later back-tracked on this statement, saying that his "attack on coal was tone-deaf". Following the 2019 Federal Election, <mask> maintained that public funds should not be used to subsidise coal, saying "a Labor government is not going to put a cent into subsidising coal-fired power", and the market should be allowed to make its own decisions, while also saying that if a private company decided to push forward with a mine and gained the necessary approvals that Labor would not stand in its way.Personal life <mask> lives in Geelong with his wife Rachel Schutze. He has three children from his current marriage and one from his first marriage to Lisa Neville, who was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 2002. References Notes Footnotes External links <mask>' website   1967 births Australian lawyers Australian trade unionists People educated at Geelong Grammar School Politicians from Geelong Living people Members of the Cabinet of Australia Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Corio Members of the Australian House of Representatives University of Melbourne alumni Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia Labor Right politicians Sky News Australia reporters and presenters 21st-century Australian politicians Government ministers of Australia

Antony Béraud

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<mask>, real name Antoine-<mask>, (11 January 1791 – 6 February 1860) was a French military, chansonnier, writer, poet, historian and playwright. Life In 1809 he entered the École militaire de Saint-Cyr and became second lieutenant. He was then sent to garrison at Milan and took part to the last campaigns of the Empire. Captain, he was captured at the battle of the Mincio River on 8 February 1814. Captain of staff during the Hundred Days, he served at Grenoble then participated to the battle of Waterloo and battle of Ligny where he gained the rank of battalion chief. Dismissed, degraded and put on half pay under Louis XVIII, he then embarked on literature and collaborated to numerous magazines : Revue et gazette des théâtres, La Minerve, L'Abeille, L'Indépendant, La Boussole politique, La Pandore, Le Siècle, Les Salons de Paris, les Annales de l'école française et des beaux-arts etc. His poems and songs directed against the Bourbon earned him six months' imprisonment.He was particularly active in the Trois Glorieuses, was awarded the croix de juillet and was returned his Légion d'honneur. He was also reinstated as battalion commander of the National Guard of Paris, a position he would leave in 1834. In 1832 he was awarded a medal of the city of Paris for his bravery during the cholera epidemic. Managing director of the Théâtre Saint-Marcel (1839), then of the Théâtre de l'Ambigu (1840-1849), in 1849 he became director of the prison of Belle-Isle en mer (1849-1850). His plays were performed on the most important Parisian stages, including: Théâtre de l'Ambigu, Théâtre de la Gaîté, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, and Théâtre de l'Odéon.

Andrew Carrazzo

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<mask> (born 15 December 1983) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Junior career Carrazzo played junior football with the St Simons Football Club in Rowville and with the Knox Eagles Football Club in Ferntree Gully. <mask> played with Oakleigh Chargers in the TAC Cup competition, finishing his final season runner up in the Morrish Medal for best player in the competition in 2001, as well as winning All-Australian honours in the national under-18 carnival. AFL career <mask> was initially selected as a rookie by in 2002. He spent two seasons on the rookie list at Geelong, winning the Geelong VFL team's best and fairest award in 2003, but never breaking into the Geelong senior list. He was again rookie listed in 2004, this time by . After another strong season in the VFL, he was elevated to the senior list, making his debut for Carlton in Round 21, 2004 against .He was the last Carlton player to make his AFL debut at the club's traditional home ground at Princes Park. From the start of the 2005 season until the end of his career eleven years later, <mask> was a regular in the Carlton team, as he became an integral part of the Carlton midfield. Depending on the needs of the team, <mask> was able to play as a high-possession ball-winning midfielder, or as a strong tagger. He had a break-out season in 2007, playing as the main ball-winner in a midfield which lacked experience following a season-ending injury to established follower Nick Stevens, and he won the 2007 John Nicholls Medal as Carlton's best and fairest, beating Heath Scotland by 6 votes for the award. <mask> received 11 votes at the 2007 Brownlow Medal. In Round 7, 2008 against the West Coast Eagles at Subiaco, <mask> picked up an AFL career high 42 disposals. With the recruitment of Chris Judd and the return of Nick Stevens from injury, <mask> was moved out of the midfield, and spent most of the season playing as a rebounding defender.<mask> played the first 21 games of the season, before injury forced him out in Round 22 after 54 consecutive games. <mask> fractured his forearm during an intraclub practice match in the 2009 preseason, missing the first four games of the AFL season. He played two games with the Northern Bullants to regain match fitness, and in the second amassed 55 disposals against Box Hill, before being returned to the AFL seniors for Round 5. A further injury to his thumb kept him sidelined for another four weeks, before returning to play all remaining games, including Carlton's elimination final loss to the . <mask> played primarily a primarily defensive midfield roles in 2009, as well as playing on medium-sized opposition half-back flankers. <mask> played his 100th AFL game for Carlton in Round 1 of the 2010 season against , and was named acting captain for the first time in that game in the absence of Chris Judd, and served as a vice-captain for the next few years. He played all twenty-three games in 2010, and finished fifth in the club Best and Fairest.He was awarded life membership of the Carlton Football Club in December 2011. By the early 2012 season, <mask> was rated by sportswriters as one of the best taggers in the game, able to shut down some of the game's best midfielders and win plenty of the ball himself in the same game. He attracted particular praise for a two-way shutdown role against Collingwood's Scott Pendlebury in Round 3, 2012; but the following week his shoulder blade was broken in a strong driving tackle from behind by 's Sam Lonergan, and he missed the next two months. Although the tackle did not attract sanction from the tribunal, Lonergan received death threats via Twitter in relation to the incident. <mask> was limited to 39 of a possible 67 games in the final three years of his career, suffering from recurring calf injuries during that time, but he remained a consistent attacking tagger during that time. He retired at the end of the 2015 season after 194 games in twelve seasons at Carlton. He briefly pursued a career in umpiring through the AFL's player pathway program, umpiring at a suburban level in early 2016, but retired from that in June 2016 after continued trouble from his calf injuries.Statistics |- style="background:#eaeaea;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004 | | 44 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 21 || 15 || 36 || 9 || 4 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 10.5 || 7.5 || 18.0 || 4.5 || 2.0 || 0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005 | | 44 || 20 || 4 || 4 || 196 || 118 || 314 || 83 || 41 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 9.8 || 5.9 || 15.7 || 4.2 || 2.1 || 2 |- style="background:#eaeaea;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006 | | 44 || 19 || 4 || 6 || 209 || 170 || 379 || 123 || 38 || 0.2 || 0.3 || 11.0 || 8.9 || 19.9 || 6.5 || 2.0 || 0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007 | | 44 || 22 || 8 || 6 || 287 || 282 || 569 || 114 || 101 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 13.0 || 12.8 || 25.9 || 5.2 || 4.6 || 11 |- style="background:#eaeaea;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008 | | 44 || 21 || 4 || 3 || 282 || 255 || 537 || 133 || 65 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 13.4 || 12.1 || 25.6 || 6.3 || 3.1 || 1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009 | | 44 || 15 || 12 || 8 || 180 || 174 || 354 || 58 || 47 || 0.8 || 0.5 || 12.0 || 11.6 || 23.6 || 3.9 || 3.1 || 0 |- style="background:#eaeaea;" !scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010 | | 44 || 23 || 4 || 8 || 254 || 266 || 520 || 100 || 77 || 0.2 || 0.3 || 11.0 || 11.6 || 22.6 || 4.3 || 3.3 || 2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011 | | 44 || 18 || 5 || 3 || 205 || 219 || 424 || 75 || 95 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 11.4 || 12.2 || 23.6 || 4.2 || 5.3 || 0 |- style="background:#eaeaea;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012 | | 44 || 14 || 5 || 1 || 155 || 190 || 345 || 53 || 66 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 11.1 || 13.6 || 24.6 || 3.8 || 4.7 || 2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013 | | 44 || 10 || 1 || 1 || 84 || 96 || 180 || 25 || 30 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 8.4 || 9.6 || 18.0 || 2.5 || 3.0 || 0 |- style="background:#eaeaea;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014 | | 44 || 14 || 0 || 1 || 119 || 162 || 281 || 40 || 86 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 8.5 || 11.6 || 20.1 || 2.9 || 6.1 || 1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015 | | 44 || 16 || 1 || 3 || 128 || 237 || 365 || 40 || 63 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 8.0 || 14.8 || 22.8 || 2.5 || 3.9 || 1 |- class="sortbottom" ! colspan=3| Career !194 ! 48 ! 44 ! 2120 ! 2184 ! 4304 ! 853 !713 ! 0.2 ! 0.2 ! 10.9 ! 11.3 ! 22.2 ! 4.4 !3.7 ! 20 |} Personal life <mask> is of Italian descent. He attended De La Salle College, Malvern. He has been a lifelong Carlton supporter. <mask> is married to Yvette Wood, after proposing in 2008. In January 2012, the couple welcomed triplets Grace, Charlotte and Sophia. <mask> is often referred to, particularly amongst fans, by the nickname "Carrots", a deliberate mispronunciation of "Carrazz-".References External links Carlton Football Club players Preston Football Club (VFA) players John Nicholls Medal winners 1983 births Living people Australian people of Italian descent Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia) Oakleigh Chargers players

Steven Cree

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<mask> (born February 29, 1980) is a Scottish film, television, and theatre actor. He is best known for his role as Ian Murray in the Starz television series Outlander. His other work includes the films Brave (2012), 300: Rise of an Empire (2014), Maleficent (2014), 51 Degrees North (2014), Churchill (2017), and the TV series Lip Service. Early life <mask> was born in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland, the son of a local kitchen and bathroom fitter. Upon completion of Secondary School, he attended Langside College in Glasgow for a year before applying, and being accepted to, the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (now known as the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland). at RSAMD, he was signed by a London Talent agent and moved to the city after completing school. <mask> began his professional career in 2001 with the guest starring role of Gerry in an episode of CBBC's weekly comedy series G-Force.He went on to guest star in an episode of BBC's medical drama Doctors in 2002, and ITV's prison drama Bad Girls in 2003. 2006 saw <mask> guest star in BBC's medical drama Holby City and Sky 1's football drama Dream Team. <mask> returned to BBC's Doctors in 2007 with a second guest role in series nine, and he had a guest role in series eleven of the popular crime drama Silent Witness. In 2009, <mask> made the transition from television to feature films by starring as Antonio Vivialdi in Condor Pictures' Vivaldi, the Red Priest and director Craig Lyn's short film Closing Doors. He was then cast in episode five of ITV's six part mini-series Identity, a crime drama following a newly formed police unit investigating identity left cases. <mask> worked with actor/director Noel Clarke twice in 2010 as he was featured in the thriller 4.3.2.1., which followed four friends targeted by a smuggling ring, and the comedy Huge, which focused on a would-be stand-up comedy duo. E4's teenage science-fiction drama Misfits saw <mask> return to episodic television with a season two guest spot that same year.He was then featured in award-winning Kurdish director Chiman Rahimi's sort film Rojin. 2011 saw <mask> feature in the supernatural thriller film The Awakening and in director Tom Harper's short film The Swarm. 2012 brought <mask> a recurring role on BBC Three's groundbreaking drama Lip Service. He portrayed Ryder, Sam Murray's police partner, opposite Heather Peace. His next performance was as featured guest star Corporal Vince Grafton in a series two episode of ITV's murder mystery series Vera. Throughout 2012, <mask> had minor roles in major motion pictures such as Disney's John Carter and Brave (animated; voice work), British thriller Tower Block, and the Noel Clarke comedy The Knot. Actor turned director Sam Hoare's 2013 debut film, Having You, featured <mask> in the role of Paul.That same year, he portrayed Lennox in Kenneth Branagh's stage production of Macbeth at the Manchester International Festival. The production sold out, but was broadcast live to audiences in Manchester, England and around the globe on 20 July 2013 as part of the National Theatre's NT Live broadcasts. That same year, director Ruth Sewell cast <mask> in the lead role of Matt in her short film Fish Love, which was featured at the London Short Film Festival. 2014 saw <mask> return to television in series two of the BBC's crime drama Shetland, based on the best-selling book series by Ann Cleeves. He next tackled minor roles in Disney's live action film Maleficent, which focuses on the villain of their 1959 classic Sleeping Beauty, and the made-for-TV film Marvellous. He returned to television to guest star as Miras in the two-part Series Two premier of BBC's family drama Atlantis, which only ran for two seasons before being cancelled. It was announced in 2014 that <mask> has been cast in the role of Ian Murray in Starz time travel drama Outlander, based upon the best-selling book series from author Diana Gabaldon.The role is recurring and will continue throughout the series. <mask> was cast in the guest role of Levesque in BBC's popular drama The Musketeers in 2015, portraying Porthos' brother-in-law in the series two episode. That same year, he guest starred in the "mockumentary" Hoff the Record alongside actor David Hasselhoff. He went on to roles in several feature films such as Colin Kennedy's Swung, Legacy, 51 Degrees North, and short film The Rat King, which was nominated for Best Short at the Edinburgh International Film Festival. In 2016, <mask> returned to crime drama Silent Witness in the two-part season nineteen episode "Flight", which focused on the murder of a critic of Muslim fundamentalism. Once again reuniting with director Noel Clarke, <mask> was featured as Brick in the feature length crime drama Brotherhood. He then portrayed Scottish war hero and Navy meteorologist Captain James Stagg in 2017's D-Day film Churchill, which shed light on the little known fact that the invasion date had been moved due to weather.Science fiction/fantasy film The Titan (2018), starring Sam Worthington and Tom Wilkinson, has <mask> portraying Major Tom Pike in Earth's dystopian future. In 2018, in his second turn in a science-fiction film, <mask> voiced the character ATRi in Hasraf Dulull's 2036 Origins Unknown, which explored the origins of an unknown object on the surface of Mars. That same year, the Netflix drama Outlaw King, starring Chris Pine as Robert the Bruce, featured <mask> as Bruce's brother-in-law Sir Christopher Seaton. In addition to his roles in films and television, <mask> wrote and starred in a short film entitled The Little Princess (2018), which was co-awarded Best Short Narrative film at the San Luis Obispo International Film Festival. He and director Jason Maza raised funds for the film on Kickstarter, a popular crowdfunding platform. <mask> would go on, the next year, to portray Andrew Bentham in BBC Two's political drama MotherFatherSon, opposite Richard Gere (in his first major television role). He would then join the cast of ITV's female centric drama Deep Water as series regular character Joe Kallisto.Late fall 2019 saw <mask> feature in the latest feature film installment of the Terminator franchise, Terminator: Dark Fate, opposite Linda Hamilton and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Early 2020 saw him star as Chief Constable Stuart Collier, opposite Robert Carlyle, in Sky One's political thriller Cobra. He also completed filming on Ruth Platt's ghost story Martyrs Lane, which is scheduled to premiere at Fantasia Film Festival's 25th anniversary edition the next year. In 2021 <mask> debuted as popular Scottish character Gallowglass in the second season of Sky One's television drama A Discovery of Witches, which is based upon Deborah Harkness' book series of the same name. He will reprise the role in season three of the series. <mask> completed filming on horror feature The Twin, alongside fellow A Discovery of Witches cast member Teresa Palmer, in June 2021. Filmography Television Film Theatre Voice Awards and nominations References External links Living people People from Kilmarnock Scottish male film actors Scottish male television actors 21st-century British male actors British male film actors British male television actors 1980 births

Bob Booker (writer)

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<mask> (born August 1, 1931) is an American writer and producer of television shows and record albums. He is best known for producing the 1962 album The First Family with Earle Doud. The album is a parody of President John F. Kennedy and his family, and it both remained at #1 on the Billboard 200 for 12 weeks and won a Grammy for Best Album of the Year in 1963. Early career <mask> was born in Jacksonville, Florida, and graduated from high school at age of 16. He was first employed as a local radio DJ. A new television station began operation and <mask> was hired at the age of 18, where he worked as a TV host, news anchor, weatherman, camera operator, set builder, film editor, program producer and director. He was later drafted into the army during the Korean conflict and was stationed at Ft. Bliss in El Paso.Because of his background in radio and television, he was placed on staff for the commanding general, doing PR for the base. Discharged after two years, he moonlighted as a talent manager and became station manager of WIVY in Jacksonville. In 1958, <mask> was hired by Miami's WINZ AM radio for their afternoon drive slot. He ingratiated himself with all the top entertainers who frequented the popular winter vacation spot through one-on-one interviews. Celebrities like Jack Benny, Nat Cole, Martha Ray, Andy Williams, Ray Charles, Mort Sahl, Ava Gardner, Gloria DeHaven, Sinatra - many became lifelong friends. He also did on-air work at two local TV stations, and hosted weekend shows. In 1960, he left Miami and relocated to New York City.New York City <mask> discovered it was not easy to start a career in the Big Apple, as an MCA agent got him exactly one TV pilot hosting job in one year. He made friends with local writers, including Pat McCormick (who later wrote for Johnny Carson) and Earle Doud. He and Doud began some writing projects, which included a series of gag record greeting cards, an article for Playboy magazine and their ultimate brainchild: a comedy album spoofing the President of the United States. <mask> and Doud cast Vaughn Meader, who they saw via the Talent Scouts TV show, as JFK and Naomi Brossart, a model and actress, as Jackie. They cut a demo record and made their first pitch to Capitol Records. After hearing the demo, an executive and friend of <mask>, said: “I wouldn’t touch it with a 10-foot pole!” Dejected, the two considered other labels and ended up at ABC Records who referred them to ABC President Leonard Goldenson. He passed, but suggested a small record label, Cadence Records, owned by Archie Bleyer.He liked the concept and signed the two writers to a record deal. On October 22, 1962, The First Family was recorded at Fine Studios in New York City, ironically at the same moment that President Kennedy announced the naval blockade of Soviet Union ships traveling to Cuba, prompting the Cuban Missile Crisis. Once the crisis was over, <mask> and Doud devised a simple plan to market their record: radio airplay. <mask> also worked part-time for 1010 WINS AM and when the first albums were delivered to Cadence, the two immediately sought out the most popular DJ in the city, Stan Z. Burns at WINS. Burns loved the record and The First Family was the only record he played for his entire three-hour shift. The WINS switchboard lit up with callers — listeners, news outlets and competing radio stations — everyone wanted the new record. <mask> and Doud, who came armed with a handful of records, traveled around the city, dropping off albums to numerous radio stations.<mask> remembered it best: “Lightning had struck...we were in the right place at the right time.” It would become the fastest selling album in record history. Arthur M Schlesinger Jr., Assistant to the President, nearly crashed his car when he first heard an album cut on the radio: Reporter: What do you think the chances are for a Jewish president? Meader: Well, I think they're pretty good. Let me say, I don't see why a person of the Jewish faith can't be President of the United States. I know as a Catholic I could never vote for him, but other than that... <mask> and Doud produced a second album, The First Family Volume Two, in the spring of 1963. After President Kennedy was assassinated that November, all unsold albums were pulled out of stores and destroyed. The producers did not want to appear to be profiting from the President's death.Later career <mask> continued to produce albums with George Foster, including the very successful 1965 album You Don't Have To Be Jewish and When You're In Love, the Whole World is Jewish. He produced 16 comedy albums from 1962 to 1977. <mask> wrote for The Garry Moore Show during the late 1960s and also contributed to The Ed Sullivan Show, as well as other variety programs. When Hollywood came calling, he relocated to Los Angeles and worked in the motion picture industry for a few years. He returned to television and produced numerous TV shows from the 1970s to the 1990s, including The NBC Follies and Fifty Years of Country Music. He partnered with Burt Reynolds, producing two network pilot specials: Cotton Club '75 and The Wayne Newton Special. In 1977, Paramount hired him to create television specials to promote their feature film releases American Hot Wax, Foul Play and Grease.In 1987, <mask> created the NBC teen fantasy sitcom Out of this World starring Maureen Flannigan and Donna Pescow. He produced numerous “outtake” shows and established an extensive comedy videotape library for his shows Foul-Ups, Bleeps & Blunders with Don Rickles and Steve Lawrence, Comedy Break and The Hit Squad. He would continue to market the TV library globally for decades. Personal life <mask> donated many of his personal television scripts to the Writers Guild Foundation Archive. The original master tapes of his albums The First Family and The First Family Volume Two were donated to President John F. Kennedy's library in Boston at the request of Caroline Kennedy and are on display in the library, along with a Gold Album of the first album. He is now retired, living in Northern California with his wife of 51 years, Barbara Noonan <mask>, who partnered and co-produced with her husband with programming on the four major networks and in syndication. They have two children and four grandchildren.Album work A partial list of his album credits: You Don't Have to be Jewish (1964) When You're in Love, the Whole World is Jewish (1965) Al Tijuana & His Jewish Brass (1966) The Yiddish are Coming! The Yiddish are Coming! (1967) Scream On Someone You Love Today (1967)The New First Family 1968: A Futuristic Fairy Tale (1968)Beware of Greeks Bearing Gifts (1968)Pat McCormick Tells It Like It Is (1968)The Jewish American Princess (1971)Out of the Closet (1977) Television work A partial list of his television credits:The NBC Follies (1973)Cotton Club '75 (1974)Charo (1976)Fifty Years of Country Music (1978)Grease Day USA (1978)Waylon (1980)The Best Little Special in Texas (1982)The Funniest Commercial Goofs (1983)Foul-Ups, Bleeps & Blunders (1983-84)The Love Boat Fall Preview Special (1984)Anything for a Laugh (1985)Comedy Break (1985)Rickles on the Loose (1986)The Hit Squad (1987)Out of this World'' (1987) References Living people 1931 births Writers from Jacksonville, Florida Record producers from Florida American radio DJs Television producers from Florida

KC Johnson

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<mask> (born 27 November 1967), also known as <mask>, is an American history professor at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York Graduate Center. He played a major role in disseminating the facts about the Duke University lacrosse rape case in 2006-7. In 2007 he co-authored a book, Until Proven Innocent: Political Correctness and the Shameful Injustice of the Duke Lacrosse Rape Case. <mask> was raised in Leominster, MA, the son of Massachusetts schoolteachers. His father, <mask>, was a star basketball player at Fitchburg State College, leading the nation in scoring at 39.1 points per game in 1964. <mask>'s sister Kathleen was the starting point guard for the Columbia University women's basketball team in the early 1990s. He goes by the name <mask> after Boston Celtics player K. C. Jones.<mask> is also an athlete and has run numerous marathons. He currently resides in Portland, Maine, and teaches at Brooklyn College. In 2007-08, he taught at Tel Aviv University in Israel on a Fulbright Scholarship. Education <mask> attended Groton School, Massachusetts. He received his B.A. (1988) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University, and his M.A. from the University of Chicago (1989).<mask> taught at Arizona State University and Williams College and served as visiting professor at Harvard (2005) and at Tel Aviv University (2007-8), as Fulbright Distinguished Chair in the Humanities. Before earning his master's degree, <mask> worked as a track announcer for several years at Scarborough Downs. <mask> has written and edited numerous books about American history. He also co-edited several volumes of declassified transcripts and tapes from the administration of Lyndon Baines <mask>. Tenure battle In 2002 and 2003, the denial of tenure to <mask> by the Brooklyn College history department became the subject of media attention. Wall Street Journal columnist Dorothy Rabinowitz wrote that the root of the conflict lay partly in <mask>'s "resistance to gender-driven hiring," which "didn't endear him to the department's small but vociferous faction of political ideologues – a group that the chairman, Phillip Gallagher, had himself once described, in an e-mail to Mr. <mask>, as 'academic terrorists.'" <mask> had also protested a "teach-in" about 9/11, "which was freighted with panelists hostile to any U.S. military response and which offered, Mr. <mask> noted, no supporters of U.S. or Israeli policies."Colleagues began to criticize him, some of them arguing that his intense involvement in his work was, in Rabinowitz's words, "a sign of dubious mental health" and at least one of them complaining that "<mask> was asking too much of his students." An article in The Harvard Crimson described clashes between <mask> and Gallagher that apparently also precipitated the denial of tenure. When <mask> sat on a search committee that was charged with finding an expert in 20th-century central or eastern European studies, he decided that one of the two women on the short list was unqualified. Another professor indicated, however, according to the Crimson, that "the department had an 'unofficial agenda' to hire a woman for the position." Later, Gallagher criticized <mask> for admitting students to his classes who had not taken the official prerequisites, even though Gallagher, according to <mask>, had not previously enforced such rules. When <mask> went up for tenure, he was rejected on grounds of "lack of collegiality." In response, a group of twenty historians, spearheaded by the chairman of Harvard's history department, Akira Iriye (who had been <mask>'s mentor and dissertation adviser), wrote a letter in which they declared that the denial of tenure to <mask> "reflects a 'culture of mediocrity' hostile to high academic standards...Introducing a redundant category of collegiality rewards young professors who 'go along to get along' rather than expressing independent scholarly judgement." Such thinking, the professors wrote, "poses a grave threat to academic freedom, since the robust and unfettered exchange of ideas is central to the pursuit of truth." "This is the first time in my experience that scholars have gotten together to protest a decision like this," Iriye told the Harvard Crimson. "I am terribly upset and mystified by it. <mask> is a very visible scholar and a spectacular teacher." The Brooklyn College student government, for its part, voted unanimously in support of <mask>, describing the refusal to grant tenure as a "violation of their academic rights". The student government also noted that "the college's conduct of the <mask> tenure case was described by retired Brooklyn professor and longtime PSC grievance counselor Jerome Sternstein as 'the most corrupted tenure review process I have ever come across'; University of Pennsylvania professor Erin O’Connor described it as 'an exemplary instance of the sort of petty, internecine corruption that runs rife in academe, where accountability is minimal and the power to destroy careers is correspondingly high'; and Swarthmore College professor Timothy Burke described it as 'one more arrow in the quiver of academia's critics, one more revelation of the corruption of the profession as a whole, one more reason to question whether tenure ever serves the purpose for which it is allegedly designed'."The Chronicle of Higher Education ran an article about <mask>'s tenure battle entitled "Tenure Madness", where it is claimed that "more than 500 Brooklyn College students signed a petition supporting Mr. <mask>. They held rallies and marches." At the History News Network website, Ronald Radosh wrote: "Mr. <mask> represents the best of what CUNY has to offer its students; educated at top universities, he left a college many aspire to teach at to come to CUNY. He found that while his students appreciated and applauded his work and his commitment, the left-wing professoriate now dominant in the academy could not tolerate his insistence on quality standards in hiring, his dismissal of politically correct criteria, and his non-ideological approach to his field." The New Republic editorialized that Brooklyn College's tenure criteria, as demonstrated by the <mask> case, "represented a grave threat to Brooklyn College's hope of ever being taken seriously as a scholarly institution." And Herbert London of the Hudson Institute saw <mask>'s tenure case as exemplifying the emergence in American universities of "an orthodoxy of decidedly left-wing opinion that intolerantly rejects any other point of view....it is ironic that tenure conceived as a way to insure independent thought free from censure is now employed to enforce conformity. What else can the 'lack of collegiality' possibly mean?"<mask> appealed the tenure decision to the chancellor of the City University of New York system, Matthew Goldstein. Goldstein, in turn, appointed a panel of distinguished scholars from other CUNY divisions to examine the case, namely Pamela Sheingorn, Professor of History at Baruch College and Executive Director of the Doctoral Program in Theatre at the Graduate Center; David Reynolds, University Distinguished Professor of English at Baruch College; and Louis Masur, Professor of History and Chair of the History Department at The City College. In accordance with their unanimous recommendation, Goldstein promoted <mask> to a full professorship with tenure. The CUNY board of trustees unanimously supported this decision. In an editorial, the New York Daily News also applauded the decision, noting that Goldstein "has been striving to upgrade CUNY and its reputation. His actions in the <mask> case are testimony to that, sending the right message: Scholarship and teaching ability come first. And academic freedom is worth fighting for".<mask> later wrote his own account of the tenure battle for the History News Network website. Duke lacrosse case <mask> played a prominent role in chronicling the Duke lacrosse case scandal, exposing the many violations of due process that characterized the case in a blog entitled "Durham in Wonderland", which he created solely for the purpose. <mask>'s Durham in Wonderland contains one of the largest archives of events related to the case. <mask> holds critical views of some of Duke's faculty and staff, known as the Group of 88, and referred to them as a "rush-to-judgment mob" who had published an ad condemning players and encouraging protests against the falsely accused, much before the investigations had been concluded. One of the accused, Reade Seligmann, thanked <mask> publicly, stating: "I am forever grateful for all of the care, concern, and encouragement I received from my remarkable girlfriend Brooke and her family, the Delbarton community, the town of Essex Fells, <mask>, and everyone else who chose to stand up, use their voice, and challenge the actions of a rogue district attorney." The prosecutor, Mike Nifong, was disbarred, fined, and sentenced to one day in jail. Charles Piot, a Duke professor of cultural anthropology, criticized <mask>'s role in the case, writing that <mask> "used the [case] to demonize faculty and further ideological agendas that are part of a broad-scale right-wing attack on progressive faculty across the nation."<mask> replied to Piot on his blog. <mask> would go on to join Stuart Taylor, Jr. in co-writing the book Until Proven Innocent: Political Correctness and the Shameful Injustice of the Duke Lacrosse Case (). It was published in September 2007. The New York Times book review referred to the book as a "riveting narrative" that has made a "gripping contribution to the literature of the wrongly accused." James Earl Coleman, Jr. and Prasad Kasibhatla, Duke professors, criticized Taylor and <mask> for "biased and inaccurate rhetoric". <mask> and Taylor replied to Coleman and Kasibhatla. Political views <mask> is a registered Democrat.He supported Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign and vehemently opposed the candidacy of John Edwards that year. <mask> has condemned the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education for promoting "social justice" as an essential element of teacher training, and for enacting policies which he argues are clearly intended "to screen out potential public school teachers who hold undesirable political beliefs." Works Books co-author (with Stuart Taylor), The Campus Rape Frenzy: The Attack on Due Process at America's Universities, Encounter Books, 2017. All the Way with LBJ: The 1964 Presidential Election, Cambridge University Press, 2009. co-author (with Stuart Taylor), Until Proven Innocent: Political Correctness and the Shameful Injustices of the Duke Lacrosse Rape Case, Thomas Dunne Books, 2007. Congress and the Cold War, Cambridge University Press, 2005. (winner of the 2006 D.B. Hardeman Prize) co-editor (with Kent Germany), The Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B<mask>, vol.3, W.W. Norton, 2005. co-editor (with David Shreve), The Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B<mask>, vol. 2, W.W. Norton, 2005. 20 January 1961: The American Dream, DTV Publishers, 1999. (click DTV and then Katalog) Ernest Gruening and the American Dissenting Tradition, Harvard University Press, 1998. The Peace Progressives and American Foreign Relations, Harvard University Press, 1995. Editor, On Cultural Ground: Essays in International History, Imprint Publications, 1994. Awards PSC-CUNY Award, 2002, History: "Running from Ahead: <mask> and the 1964 Presidential Election."Philip Merrill Award for Outstanding Contributions to Liberal Arts Education, 2009 See also 2006 Duke University lacrosse case References External links Official page at Brooklyn College 1967 births Living people American male bloggers American bloggers 21st-century American historians 21st-century American male writers American political writers American male writers Harvard University alumni University of Chicago alumni Historians of the United States Brooklyn College faculty People from Scarborough, Maine City University of New York faculty Graduate Center, CUNY faculty People from Leominster, Massachusetts Groton School alumni Tel Aviv University faculty 21st-century American essayists Arizona State University faculty Williams College faculty Historians from Massachusetts American male non-fiction writers

Matija Kovač

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<mask> (; born 8 April 1980) is a politician in Serbia. He was the deputy mayor of Novi Bečej from 2013 to 2016 and is currently serving his third term in the Assembly of Vojvodina. At one time a member of the Democratic Party (Demokratska stranka, DS), he is now a member of the Serbian Progressive Party (Srpska napredna stranka, SNS). Private career Kovač was born in Zrenjanin, Vojvodina, in what was then the Socialist Republic of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He was raised in Bečej and Novi Bečej and graduated from the University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology with a focus in synthetic polymers. He has been the director of Poljoprivredne stručne službe Zrenjanin. Politician Democratic Party Kovać entered political life in the DS, appearing in the first position on the party's list for the Novi Bečej municipal assembly in the 2004 Serbian local elections.The list won four seats; he was selected for a mandate and served as chair of the municipal committee for urbanism and communal and housing activities. (From 2000 to 2011, mandates in Serbian elections held under proportional representation were given to successful parties and coalitions rather than individual candidates, and it was common practice for the mandates to be assigned out of numerical order. Kovač did not automatically receive a mandate by virtue of leading his party's list.) Kovač also received the thirty-seventh position on the DS's list in the 2004 Vojvodina provincial election, which was held concurrently with the local elections. In this period, half of the mandates in Vojvodina provincial elections were determined by proportional representation and the other half by election in single-member constituency seats. The DS list won fifteen proportional mandates; Kovač was not initially selected for his party's delegation but received a mandate on 12 December 2006 as the replacement for another party member. The DS was the dominant party in Vojvodina's coalition government in this period, and Kovač from 2006 to 2008 served as a supporter of the administration.<mask> was also included on the DS's list in the 2007 Serbian parliamentary election, in the one hundredth position. The list won sixty-four seats, and he was not selected for a mandate. The DS contested the 2008 Serbian local elections in Novi Bečej as the leading party in the For a European Serbia coalition. Kovač received the second position on the coalition's list and was chosen for another mandate when the list won seven seats. On 30 May 2008, he was chosen as president (i.e., speaker) of the assembly. Kovač also sought re-election to the provincial assembly for Novi Bečej's constituency seat in the 2008 provincial election and was defeated, finishing third. Kovač was replaced as president of the local assembly on 25 November 2009, against the backdrop of tensions between the DS and its local coalition partner, the Liberal Democratic Party (Liberalno demokratska partija, LDP).He resigned his mandate in the assembly shortly thereafter, on 3 December 2009. At some time between 2009 and 2012, he left the DS and joined the Progressive Party. Serbian Progressive Party Serbia's electoral laws were reformed in 2011, such that mandates were awarded in numerical order to candidates on successful lists. Kovač received the fourth position on the Progressive list for Novi Bečej in the 2012 local elections and was returned to the local assembly when the list won eight mandates. He also appeared in the twenty-second position on the Progressive-led Let's Get Vojvodina Moving list in the 2012 provincial election and was not elected when the list won only fourteen proportional mandates. The LDP and the Progressives formed a new coalition government in Novi Bečej on 31 May 2013, Kovač was chosen as deputy mayor. He served in this role for the next three years.Kovač received the second position on the Progressive list in the 2016 local elections and was re-elected when the list won a plurality victory with fourteen out of thirty-one mandates. He resigned his local mandate on 25 May, as he had also been elected to the provincial assembly. (Although he would have been permitted to serve in both assemblies under a dual mandate, he chose on this occasion to resign at the local level.) Vojvodina adopted a system of full proportional representation at the provincial level prior to the 2016 provincial election. Kovač was given the fifty-third position on the Progressive Party's list in this election and won a second term in the provincial assembly when the list won a majority victory with sixty-three out of 120 mandates. He received the same position on the Progressive-led Aleksandar Vučić — For Our Children list in the 2020 provincial election and was again elected when the list won an increased majority with seventy-six seats. Kovač is now the deputy chair of the assembly committee on European integration and inter-regional co-operation and a member of the committee on youth and sports.He is also a substitute member of Serbia's delegation to the Chamber of Regions in the Council of Europe's Congress of Local and Regional Authorities. In the latter capacity, he is a member of the congress's governance committee and caucuses with the European People's Party. Kovač has also continued to be involved in politics at the level local. He received the second position on the Progressive list for Novi Bečej in the 2020 local elections and was again elected when the list won a majority victory with twenty-one seats. On this occasion, he chose to serve in both the local and the provincial assemblies. Electoral record Provincial (Vojvodina) References 1980 births Living people Politicians from Zrenjanin People from Novi Bečej Members of the Assembly of Vojvodina Substitute Members of the Chamber of Regions in the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe Democratic Party (Serbia) politicians Serbian Progressive Party politicians European People's Party politicians

Roy Hamilton

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<mask> (April 16, 1929 – July 20, 1969) was an American singer. By combining semi-classical technique with traditional black gospel feeling, he brought soul to Great American Songbook singing. <mask>'s greatest commercial success came from 1954 through 1961, when he was Epic Records' most prolific artist. His two most influential recordings, "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "Unchained Melody", became Epic's first two number-one hits when they topped the Billboard R&B chart in March 1954 and May 1955, respectively. <mask> became the first solo artist in the label's history to have a US top-ten pop hit when "Unchained Melody" peaked at No. 6 in May 1955. Early life <mask> was born in Leesburg, Georgia to Evelyn and <mask>, where he began singing in church choirs at the age of six.In the summer of 1943, when <mask> was fourteen, the family migrated north to Jersey City, New Jersey in search of a better life. There, he sang with the Central Baptist Church Choir, New Jersey's most famous African American church choir. At Lincoln High School, he studied commercial art and was gifted enough to place his paintings with a number of New York City galleries. In February 1947, seventeen-year-old <mask> took his first big step into secular music, winning a talent contest at the Apollo Theater. But nothing came of it. "I couldn't get a break," <mask> recalled. "I really had nothing different to offer.They were seeking blues singers at the time, and I didn't know any blues at all." So, to support himself while he developed the different sound and singing style he wanted, <mask> worked as an electronics technician during the day, and an amateur heavyweight boxer at night, with a record of six wins and one defeat. In 1948, <mask> joined the Searchlight Gospel Singers and also studied light opera, working with New Jersey voice coach J. Martin Rolls for more than a year. <mask> continued to perform gospel with the Searchlight Singers, in churches and at gospel concerts, until 1953 when the group broke up and each member went off in his own direction. <mask> headed back into pop music. But this time, he felt he finally had something different to offer. Music career Epic beginning and career rise (1953–1956) In mid-1953, <mask> was discovered singing in a Newark, New Jersey night club, The Caravan, by Bill Cook, who became his manager.Cook was the first African American radio disc jockey and television personality on the East Coast. Cook made a demo tape of <mask>'s singing and brought it to the attention of Columbia Records. Columbia was impressed enough to sign <mask> to their rhythm and blues subsidiary, Okeh Records. On November 11, 1953, <mask> made his first recordings for the label in New York City. The session produced Rodgers and Hammerstein's "You'll Never Walk Alone" from the musical Carousel. The tune, one of the few secular numbers that <mask> knew at the time, had been his live-performance specialty since 1947. But before it was released, Columbia had second thoughts and placed <mask> with their newly-launched "pop" subsidiary label Epic.In the early 1950s, there were only two black male singers who were widely accepted by white audiences as mainstream pop stars: Nat King Cole and Billy Eckstine. Epic saw that same kind of "crossover" star potential in <mask>, placing a nearly full-page ad in the January 23, 1954 edition of Billboard magazine which read, "a great new voice makes news with a great song! <mask>, You’ll Never Walk Alone…" In spite of poor musical backing, <mask>'s performance on "Walk Alone" is sensational and is the primary reason why it topped the Billboard R&B chart for eight weeks and became a national US Top-30 hit. His follow-up single, "If I Loved You", was another Rodgers and Hammerstein tune from Carousel. Although not as big a hit for <mask> as "Walk Alone", it still reached number four on the US R&B chart. On the evening of July 24, 1954, <mask> appeared on the bill of "Star Night", a concert package at Chicago's Soldier Field starring Perry Como, Nat King Cole and Sarah Vaughan. Since he was the newcomer on the bill, <mask> was given the least amount of time to perform: six minutes, to perform two songs.<mask>'s plan was to perform "You'll Never Walk Alone", the only song he was known for at the time, and its bouncy b-side. But Perry Como squashed that plan when he announced during afternoon rehearsal that "Walk Alone" was going to be his closing number that night. <mask>, forced into performing a "Walk Alone" replacement on the spot, decided on "Ebb Tide", a song that had been a hit for Vic Damone a few months earlier—a song that <mask> himself hadn't yet recorded. That evening, for his second and final number, <mask> unveiled his gospel-tinged version of "Ebb Tide" before a Soldier Field audience of 82,000. By the time he had finished singing and exited the stage, all 82,000 people were on their feet, applauding, stomping and chanting for more. Changing in his dressing room, <mask> had to be summoned back out on stage to quiet the crowd. He returned to the stage to witness that even some of his fellow performers—Nat Cole, Sarah Vaughan and orchestra leader Ray Anthony—had joined in the ovation.On July 28, four days after his "Star Night" triumph, Epic Records had <mask> record, "Ebb Tide". It became his third straight hit. On Saturday night, September 11, 1954, <mask> made his national television debut on CBS's Stage Show, hosted by big band leaders and brothers Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey. But the national television appearance that put <mask>'s career on the fast track to crossover success was the one he made on the night of March 6, 1955 when he sang "You'll Never Walk Alone" on CBS's top-rated Ed Sullivan Show. In reviewing his performance, Variety magazine summed up <mask>'s new way of singing the Great American Songbook by writing: "<mask> made good with his single, 'You'll Never Walk Alone', which he endowed with the values of a spiritual." Ten days after the Sullivan Show appearance, Epic, in a rushed attempt to cover singer Al Hibbler's version of "Unchained Melody", set up a recording session for <mask>. The resulting single was shipped within five days.Two months later, in the May 18, 1955 issue of Down Beat magazine, <mask> was named "Vocalist of the Year". Meanwhile, in Billboard magazine's May 21, 1955 issue, <mask>'s gospel-tinged "Unchained Melody" had taken over the top spot on the R&B chart while, on the pop chart, it had reached the number six spot. It was the second number-one R&B hit of his career as well as the first, and only, top-ten US pop hit of his career. On the heels of his "Unchained Melody" success, <mask> recorded the following Great American Songbook singles in succession: Vincent Youmans' "Without a Song" (#77 US pop), Jimmy McHugh's "Cuban Love Song", Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Everybody's Got a Home But Me" (#42 US pop), from the musical Pipe Dream, and Frank Loesser's "Somebody Somewhere", from the musical The Most Happy Fella. Retirement and comeback (1956–1962) In mid-1956, <mask>, developing what was described as a "lung condition" bordering on tuberculosis, announced an indefinite retirement from show business, citing both physical and mental exhaustion When he resumed his career over a year later, <mask> could no longer generate hit singles performing pop standards because, overnight, rock and roll had become the record industry's predominant commercial force. So, in late 1957, Epic coaxed <mask> into recording "Don't Let Go", an R&B rocker produced by Otis Blackwell, the man who had written the two biggest number-one hits of Elvis Presley's career: "Don't Be Cruel" and "All Shook Up". By early 1958, "Don't Let Go" had become the second US top-15 pop hit of <mask>'s career and the first top-40 hit ever recorded in stereo.In 1959, <mask> appeared, in a cameo role, in the Filipino motion picture produced by People's Pictures Hawaiian Boy where he sings "Unchained Melody". <mask>'s last hit record, "You Can Have Her" (the song spent 10 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 12, while reaching No. 6 on Billboard's Hot R&B Sides chart. ), came in 1961, and was followed by the album Mr. Rock And Soul (1962). The Epic label treated <mask> as a major star and issued sixteen albums by him. Later years (1963–1969) By the mid-1960s, <mask>'s career declined while recording with MGM and then RCA.In January 1969, in Memphis, Tennessee, <mask> made the final recordings of his career. The tracks were laid down at record producer Chips Moman's American Sound Studio, at the same time Elvis Presley was recording there. Songs released from those <mask> sessions were cover versions of James Carr's "The Dark End of the Street", Conway Twitty's "It's Only Make Believe", and "Angelica", a Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil song that had been submitted to Presley, but which he then turned over to <mask>. Death In early July 1969, <mask> suffered a massive cerebral hemorrhage at his home in New Rochelle, New York. He was taken to New Rochelle General Hospital where he lay in a coma for more than a week. On July 20, 1969, he was removed from life support and died. <mask> was 40 years old.Some connected his earlier illness that caused his retirement to his death, although a connection was never proven. At the time of his death, <mask> was heavily in debt, forcing him, a week before he died, to borrow heavily on his insurance policy to pay off back taxes. This prompted his widow, Myrna, to publicly seek funds for his burial. At <mask>'s funeral service, messages of condolence sent by Elvis Presley, Mahalia Jackson and B.B. King were read. <mask> was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 2010. <mask> was Epic Records' first star, giving the company its first number-one hit of any kind, "You'll Never Walk Alone", which topped the Billboard R&B chart for eight weeks in 1954.A year later, he gave the label its second number-one hit of any kind when his version of "Unchained Melody" topped the Billboard R&B chart for three weeks. Also, with "Unchained Melody", <mask> became the first solo artist to deliver a top-ten pop hit for Epic. <mask> was the singer who inspired Sam Cooke, then a gospel music star, to switch over to secular music. <mask> was also the one to whom Cooke first submitted his early pop-song compositions. <mask>'s distinctive sound was a big influence on Elvis Presley's ballad singing. As author Fred L. Worth noted, "Elvis greatly admired <mask>'s singing ability and style and performed a number of his ballads in <mask>'s style." Also, The Righteous Brothers emulated <mask>'s style to create their blue-eyed soul sound.This is particularly evident in the duo's cover versions of his hits "You'll Never Walk Alone", "Ebb Tide" and "Unchained Melody". <mask>'s "You'll Never Walk Alone" disc was brought in from the US by a sailor friend of Gerry and the Pacemakers leader Gerry Marsden. As a result, the band recorded a UK version of the song which became the anthem for Liverpool Football Club, sung by the crowd before every home game. The sailor friend noted that Marsden "puts very similar inflections into the song, trying to get it very similar to <mask>'s version." Discography Singles Studio albums Compilation albums Filmography 1958: Let's Rock, appeared as himself 1959: Hawaiian Boy, appeared as himself. Drama, Musical Television appearances Bibliography Guralnick, Peter (1999): Careless Love: The Unmaking of Elvis Presley, Little, Brown and Company, London. Guralnick, Peter (2005): Dream Boogie: The Triumph of Sam Cooke, Little, Brown and Company, New York.References External links The Official <mask> tribute site Don't Let Go: <mask> 1929 births 1969 deaths American rhythm and blues musicians Epic Records artists RCA Victor artists MGM Records artists People from Leesburg, Georgia Musicians from New Rochelle, New York Singers from Georgia (U.S. state) 20th-century African-American male singers

Hilary Swank

original

<mask> (born July 30, 1974) is an American actress and film producer. She first became known in 1992 for her role on the television series Camp Wilder and made her film debut with a minor role in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. She then had her breakthrough for starring as Julie Pierce in The Next Karate Kid, the fourth installment of The Karate Kid franchise, and as Carly Reynolds on the eighth season of Beverly Hills, 90210. <mask> came to international recognition in 1999 for her performances as Brandon Teena, a transgender man, in Kimberly Peirce's Boys Don't Cry, and as Maggie Fitzgerald, an aspiring boxer, in Clint Eastwood's 2004 film Million Dollar Baby. Both of her performances earned her critical acclaim, and she earned numerous accolades, which include two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Critics' Choice Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award. She was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005, earning her further acclaim. Swank later ventured into producing in the 2010s, working on the films Amelia, Conviction, You're Not You, and What They Had, all of which she also starred in.Her other notable films include the television film Iron Jawed Angels, and the feature films Freedom Writers, Logan Lucky, The Hunt and Fatale. Early life <mask> was born on July 30, 1974, in Lincoln, Nebraska. Her mother, Judy Kay (née Clough), was a secretary and dancer, and her father, Stephen Michael <mask>, was a Chief Master Sergeant in the Oregon Air National Guard and later a traveling salesman. Many of Swank's family members are from Ringgold County, Iowa. Her maternal grandmother, Frances Martha Clough (née Dominguez), was born in El Centro, California, and was of Mexican (Spanish and Native American) descent. Swank's paternal grandmother was born in England; her other ancestry includes Dutch, German, Ulster-Scots, Scottish, Swiss-German, and Welsh. The surname "<mask>," originally "Schwenk," is of German origin.After living in Spokane, Washington, <mask>'s family moved into a home near Lake Samish in Bellingham, Washington, when Swank was six. She attended Happy Valley Elementary School, Fairhaven Middle School, then Sehome High School in Bellingham until she was 16. She also competed in the Junior Olympics and the Washington state championships in swimming, and she ranked fifth in the state in all-around gymnastics. Swank made her first appearance on stage when she was nine years old, starring in The Jungle Book. When she was 15, her parents separated, and her mother, supportive of her daughter's desire to act, moved with her to Los Angeles, where they lived out of their car until Swank's mother saved enough money to rent an apartment. Swank has called her mother the inspiration for her acting career and her life. In California, <mask> enrolled in South Pasadena High School, later dropping out.She described her time at South Pasadena High School, "I felt like such an outsider. I didn't feel like I fit in. I didn't belong in any way. I didn't even feel like the teachers wanted me there. I just felt like I wasn't seen or understood." She explained that she became an actor because she felt like an outsider, "As a kid I felt that I belonged only when I read a book or saw a movie, and could get involved with a character. It was natural that I became an actor because I longed so much to be those other people, or at least to play them."Career Swank made her film debut in the 1992 comedy horror film Buffy the Vampire Slayer, playing a supporting role, after which she acted in the direct-to-video drama Quiet Days in Hollywood, where she co-starred with Chad Lowe, who would become her husband for a time. Her first leading film role was in the fourth installment of the Karate Kid series, The Next Karate Kid (1994) as Julie Pierce. The role utilized her gymnastics background and paired her with Pat Morita. In 1994, she also starred in the drama Cries Unheard: The Donna Yaklich Story, as the abused step-daughter who was protected by Donna (Jaclyn Smith). In 1995, she appeared with British actor Bruce Payne in Kounterfeit. In 1996, she starred in a TV movie, family drama Terror in the Family, as a troubled teenager. In September 1997, <mask> played single mother Carly Reynolds in Beverly Hills, 90210 and was initially promised it would be a two-year role, but saw her character written out after 16 episodes in January 1998.Swank later stated that she was devastated at being cut from the show, thinking, "If I'm not good enough for 90210, I'm not good enough for anything." The firing from Beverly Hills, 90210 freed her to audition for the role of Brandon Teena in Boys Don't Cry. To prepare for the role, Swank lived as a man for a month and reduced her body fat to seven percent. She earned only $75 per day for her work on the film, culminating in a total of $3,000. Her earnings were so low that she had not even earned enough to qualify for health insurance. Upon release, many critics lauded her performance, with Premiere listing it as one of the "100 Greatest Performances of All Time". James Berardinelli wrote at the time that Swank "gives the performance of her career".Her work earned her several accolades, including the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Actress. In an interview with Variety in 2020, <mask> said that she felt a trans actor should have played the role, and had she been offered it today she would have refused it, stating "Twenty-one years later, not only are trans people having their lives and living, thankfully, although we still have a long way to go in their safety and their inclusivity, but we now have a bunch of trans actors who would obviously be a lot more right for the role and have the opportunity to actually audition for the role." <mask> again won the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for playing a female boxer in Clint Eastwood's 2004 film Million Dollar Baby, a role for which she underwent extensive training in the ring and weight room, aided by professional trainer Grant L. Roberts, gaining 19 pounds of muscle. With her second Oscar, she had joined the ranks of Vivien Leigh, Sally Field and Luise Rainer as the only actresses to have been nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress twice and won both times. After winning her second Oscar, she said, "I don't know what I did in this life to deserve this. I'm just a girl from a trailer park who had a dream." In 2006, <mask> signed a three-year contract with Guerlain to be the face of the women's fragrance Insolence.She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the motion picture category on January 8, 2007; it was the 2,325th star presented. In 2007, Swank starred in Freedom Writers, about a real-life teacher, Erin Gruwell. Many reviews of her performance were positive, with one critic noting that she "brings credibility" to the role, and another stating that her performance reaches a "singular lack of artifice, stripping herself back to the bare essentials". Swank next starred in the horror film The Reaping (2007), as a debunker of religious phenomena. Swank convinced the producers to move the film's setting from New England to the Deep South, and the film was filmed in Baton Rouge, Louisiana when Hurricane Katrina struck. The same year, she also appeared in the romantic drama P.S. I Love You with Gerard Butler.Swank portrayed the pioneering aviator Amelia Earhart in the 2009 biopic Amelia, which she also co-executive produced through 2S Films, a production company she established with producer Molly Smith. In 2012, <mask>'s audiobook recording of Caroline Knapp's Pack of Two: The Intricate Bond Between People and Dogs was released at Audible.com. In 2013, she starred in the television film Mary and Martha alongside Brenda Blethyn. In 2014, Swank played the lead role of Kate Parker, a woman whose life is shattered when she develops the degenerative disease ALS, in You're Not You. The film co-starred Emmy Rossum and Josh Duhamel. In 2015, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women. In 2017, she appeared in Steven Soderbergh's heist comedy Logan Lucky, as Special Agent Sarah Grayson, alongside Channing Tatum and Daniel Craig, and portrayed lawyer Colette Hughes in Bille August's drama film 55 Steps.In 2018, <mask> starred in and executive produced the Alzheimer's disease drama film What They Had, directed by Elizabeth Chomko. Also in 2018, she portrayed Gail Getty in the first season of FX's anthology series Trust. It was reported that <mask> would star as Laura Murphy in Alejandro González Iñárritu's drama series The One Percent. In July 2019, <mask> was cast in the thriller film The Hunt, opposite Betty Gilpin. Before its release, the film's plot, about deadly violence between political liberals and conservatives, caused controversy, after which its release was delayed by Universal from the original date of September 2019. Swank commented on the situation, stating: "No one's seen the film. You can't really have a conversation about it without understanding what it's about."The film was released in 2020, and received mixed reviews. In September 2020, Swank portrayed Emma, an astronaut, in the Netflix science drama series Away, which was cancelled after one season. For both The Hunt and Away, Swank earned a total of three nominations at the 2021 Critics' Choice Super Awards. Personal life In a January 2009 episode of The Office, "Prince Family Paper", the subplot of the episode is the office coworkers debating whether or not <mask>k is "hot". Swank referred to such discussions emphasizing the looks of women in Hollywood as doing a "disservice". In October 2011, Swank attracted controversy for attending an event in Chechnya's capital Grozny on the 35th birthday of Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov on October 5. After wishing him "Happy birthday, Mr. President", she reportedly claimed knowledge about Kadyrov saying, "I read.I do my research." Following criticism from human rights groups, that reported having informed her about the human rights abuses in Chechnya prior to the event and asked her to reconsider her participation, Swank said she was unaware that Kadyrov had been accused of human rights violations and that she "deeply regrets" taking part in the lavish concert. She donated her personal appearance fees "to various charitable organizations". In a 2020 interview with Health, Swank revealed that she took a three-year break from acting beginning in 2014 in order to help her father recover from a lung transplant. Relationships While filming Quiet Days in Hollywood, <mask> met actor Chad Lowe. They married on September 28, 1997. They announced their intention to divorce on January 9, 2006, which was finalized on November 1, 2007.In 2007, Swank began dating her agent, John Campisi, but they ended their relationship in May 2012. On March 22, 2016, Swank announced her engagement to Ruben Torres, a financial advisor with UBS and former professional tennis player. The two had been dating since May 2015. In June 2016, Swank's representative confirmed that she and Torres had ended their engagement. On August 18, 2018, she married entrepreneur Philip Schneider after two years of dating. Filmography Film Television Awards and nominations See also List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame List of actors with Hollywood Walk of Fame motion picture stars References External links 1974 births 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses Actors from Lincoln, Nebraska Actresses from Nebraska Actresses from Washington (state) American actresses of Mexican descent American child actresses American film actresses Method actors American people of Dutch descent American people of English descent American people of Indigenous Mexican descent American people of Mestizo descent American people of Scotch-Irish descent American people of Scottish descent American people of Swiss-German descent American people of Welsh descent American television actresses American women film producers Best Actress Academy Award winners Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Hispanic and Latino American actresses Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead winners Living people Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners People from Bellingham, Washington Santa Monica College alumni Film producers from Washington (state) BBC 100 Women

Reinhard Seiler

original

<mask> (30 August 1909 – 6 October 1989) was a Spanish Civil War and World War II Luftwaffe Major and ace, commander of Jagdgeschwader 104 and a winner of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany; for the fighter pilots, it was a quantifiable measure of skill and combat success. <mask> was credited with 100 victories during World War II, over the course of about 500 combat missions. He recorded an additional 9 victories during the Spanish Civil War. Childhood and early career <mask> was born on 30 August 1909 in Rawitsch, in the Province of Posen, at the time a Prussian province of the German Empire and now in Poland. He was the son of Justizoberwachtmeister, a police officer at court. He joined the newly created Luftwaffe in 1935 and was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 20 April 1937. After completing his pilot training, he was sent to Spain with the Condor Legion, and served with 2.Staffel (2nd squadron) of Jagdgruppe 88 (J/88—88th Fighter Group). On 26 August 1937, the Condor Legion attacked ships in the harbor of Gijón. Flying fighter escort to the bombers, <mask> claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Polikarpov I-15 fighter. He claimed his second aerial victory on 4 September, a Polikarpov I-16 shot down over Asturias. On 30 October, command of the Condor Legion transferred from Generalmajor Hugo Sperrle to Generalmajor Hellmuth Volkmann. Volkmann reorganized J/88, placing 2. Staffel under the command of Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant) Joachim Schlichting.<mask> claimed his third aerial victory on 29 November. When <mask> returned to Germany, he was credited with nine aerial victories and was one of the leading fighter pilots of the Condor Legion. For his service in Spain, he was awarded the Spanish Cross in Gold with Diamonds (). He was promoted to Oberleutnant on 1 April 1939. After his return from Spain, <mask> was appointed the Staffelkapitän (Squadron leader) of the newly established 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 70 (JG 70—70th Fighter Wing) on 15 July 1939. The Staffel was based at Herzogenaurach, equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 D-1 and subordinated to the I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) under the command of Major Ernst Freiherr von Berg.World War II World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. <mask>'s unit was kept back and on 13 September, it formed the nucleus of the newly created I Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) which had been placed under command of Major Hans-Jürgen von Cramon-Taubadel. In consequence, <mask>'s 1 Staffel was renamed 1. Staffel of JG 54. On 1 November, the Gruppe was transferred to Böblingen to patrol the southernmost region of the French-German border. He scored his first victory of the war on 10 January 1940, shooting down a French reconnaissance Potez southwest of Freiburg. He scored a second victory on 7 April west of Strasbourg.However he scored no further in the subsequent Battle of France, when his unit covered the Panzer advance through the Ardennes forests and later over the Dunkirk bridgehead. Pulled out early, back to occupied Netherlands as the campaign wound down, I./JG 54 was then one of the first units to re-occupy the Pas de Calais, in early August 1940 in anticipation of the upcoming Battle of Britain. On a bomber escort mission over Dover on 5 August 1940, <mask> scored his third victory (a Spitfire), but was bounced by a Hurricane squadron, shot down and severely injured. Taking to his parachute over the English Channel, he was rescued and hospitalised, but was out of action for over 6 months. Invasion of the Soviet Union Promoted to Hauptmann (Captain) in December, he returned to his command of 1./JG 54 in the spring of 1941, as the Luftwaffe prepared for the upcoming invasion of Russia - Operation Barbarossa. JG 54 was tasked with providing the fighter cover for Army Group North and its advance toward Leningrad. On the opening day of the campaign (22 June 1941) he shot down 3 aircraft, thereby doubling his score, and as his unit leap-frogged to new airbases across the Baltic States over the next few weeks his score continued to rise.By the end of September, he had 33 victories and his unit had finally settled down, establishing itself at Siverskaya, (about south of Leningrad). He had been awarded the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe () on 20 August recognising his leadership and combat success. With the loss of Arnold Lignitz on 30 September (shot down over Leningrad), Hauptmann <mask> was assigned to command III. Gruppe (also based at Siverskaya), as Barbarossa entered its critical phase. Despite surrounding the city, it could not be taken so Hitler decided instead to besiege it. For the next three years, JG 54 would stay, essentially, encamped outside the city interdicting the supply lines and intercepting the frantic attempts of the Russians to lift the siege in offensive after offensive. <mask> himself remained as Gruppenkommandeur of III./JG 54 for nearly one and a half years.He was awarded the German Cross in Gold () on 15 October then the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () on 20 December 1941, having flown 200 missions. In spring 1942 Geschwaderkommodore (Wing Commander) Hannes Trautloft had the idea for fighter interceptions of Soviet night-harassment raids on moonlit nights. A great success, they claimed 56 victories for no losses. <mask> was the most successful pilot in these missions, scoring 16 night-victories between March and June 1942 and he was also promoted to Major in June. Throughout 1942, JG 54 continued to cover the north: the Leningrad siege and Demyansk fronts. In December though, <mask> took his III./JG 54 to Smolensk in the centre, and then soon after in early 1943 rotated back to the west as part of Adolf Galland's mis-guided plan to swap units between the western and eastern fronts in exchange for I./Jagdgeschwader 26 (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing). "Defence of the Reich" Re-equipping instead onto Bf 109G-4s, they spent 6 weeks on the Channel Front.Unused to operating at higher altitudes and in large formations, JG 26 Geschwaderkommodore Josef Priller refused to declare the unit ready for operations. Finally in March, they were transferred back to Oldenburg in northern Germany for further training and to stay on Defence of the Reich duties. Fittingly perhaps, with the unit's first successes on 17 April, unit commander <mask> scored his one and only Viermot (4-engine bomber) kill. However, he was already under orders to return to the Leningrad Front. On 1 May, <mask> was made the new Gruppenkommandeur of I. Gruppe of JG 54, flying the Focke-Wulf Fw 190. He replaced Hauptmann Gerhard Koall who temporarily led the Gruppe after Major Hans Philipp was transferred to take command of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1—1st Fighter Wing) fighting in Defence of the Reich. Eastern Front Unseasonably bad weather limited operations for the next few months and then all attention was turned to the main 1943 offensive - Operation Citadel against the Kursk salient.<mask>'s I./JG 54 was transferred in June to Orel to join the fighter cover over the northern attack. On the opening day of the offensive, 5 July, he scored 5 victories to take his tally to 97. The following day he scored a further two kills. Eager to reach the magic 'century', he chased and shot down a Bell P-39 Airacobra fighters from the 30 GvIAP (Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment—Gvardeyskiy Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk). However immediately afterward he was himself shot and forced to bail out badly wounded over enemy territory east of Ponyri, midway between Orel and Kursk. He was the 44th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. He was declared unfit for further combat duties.In recognition of his long service and command in JG 54, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves () on 2 March 1944. Later in the year, on 8 August, he was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of the fighter-pilot training unit Jagdgeschwader 104 and served in this position until it was disbanded on 28 April 1945, just days before the end of World War II. Released in 1946, <mask> <mask> died on 6 October 1989, at the age of 80, in the town of Grafengehaig near Kulmbach, in Bavaria. Over approximately 500 missions, he was credited with 109 air victories, including 9 in Spain and just 4 in the west. The remaining 96 victories were scored over the Russian Front. Summary of career Aerial victory claims According to Spick, <mask> was credited with 9 aerial victories during the Spanish Civil War and further 100 during World War II. Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 109 aerial victory claims, plus three further unconfirmed claims.This number includes 9 claims during the Spanish Civil War, 96 on the Eastern Front, and 4 on the Western Front, including one four-engined bomber. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 00254". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size. Awards Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords and Diamonds (6 June 1939) Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (20 January 1940) 1st Class (30 July 1940) Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (20 August 1941) German Cross in Gold on 15 October 1941 as Hauptmann in the 1./Jagdgeschwader 54 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Knight's Cross on 20 December 1941 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 54 419th Oak Leaves on 2 March 1944 as Major and Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 54 Promotions Notes References Citations Bibliography 1909 births 1989 deaths People from Rawicz Condor Legion personnel People from the Province of Posen Spanish Civil War flying aces German World War II flying aces German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War Recipients of the Gold German Cross Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Alois Brunner

original

<mask> (8 April 1912 – December 2001 (likely)) was an Austrian (SS) officer who played a significant role in the implementation of the Final Solution, the Nazi plan for the genocide of Jews during the Second World War. He was known as Adolf Eichmann’s right-hand man. <mask> was responsible for sending over 100,000 European Jews from Austria, Greece, France and Slovakia to ghettos and concentration camps in eastern Europe. At the start of the war, he oversaw the deportation of 47,000 Austrian Jews to the death camps. In Greece, 43,000 Jews were deported in two months while he was stationed in Thessaloniki. He then became commander of the Drancy internment camp outside Paris from June 1943 to August 1944, during which nearly 24,000 men, women and children were sent to the gas chambers. His last assignment involved the destruction of the Jewish community of Slovakia.After some narrow escapes from the Allies in the immediate aftermath of World War II, <mask> managed to elude capture and fled West Germany in 1954, first for Egypt, then Syria, where he remained until his death. He was the objective of many manhunts and investigations over the years by different groups, including the Simon Wiesenthal Center, the Klarsfelds and others. He was condemned to death in absentia in France in 1954 for crimes against humanity, later commuted to life imprisonment in absentia in 2001. He lost an eye and then the fingers of his left hand as a result of letter bombs sent to him in 1961 and 1980, reportedly by Israeli intelligence. The Syrian government under Hafez al-Assad came close to extraditing him to East Germany before this plan was halted by the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989. <mask> absconded all the attempts to detain him and was unrepentant about his activities to the end. During his long residence in Syria, <mask> was reportedly granted asylum, a generous salary and protection by the ruling Ba'ath Party in exchange for his advice on effective torture and interrogation techniques used by the Germans in World War II.Starting in the 1990s and continuing for two decades, there was periodic media speculation about <mask>'s exact whereabouts and his possible demise. In November 2014, the Simon Wiesenthal Center reported that <mask> had died in Syria in 2010, and that he was buried somewhere in Damascus. <mask>'s exact date and place of death remained unknown. However, recent information based on new evidence uncovered during a 2017 investigation point to December 2001 as the time of his death in Damascus, Syria. Early life <mask> <mask> was born on 8 April 1912 in the town of Vas, Austria-Hungary (now Rohrbrunn, Burgenland, Austria), the son of <mask> and Ann Kruise. He joined the Nazi Party at the age of sixteen and the Sturmabteilung (SA) a year later. In 1933, <mask> moved to Germany where he joined the Nazi paramilitary group Austrian Legion.After the annexation of Austria in 1938 he volunteered with the SS and was assigned to the staff of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Vienna becoming its director in 1939. Following the German occupation of the Czech lands on 15 March 1939 he was sent to the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to accelerate the emigration of Czech Jews. <mask> became known as Adolf Eichmann’s right-hand man. Second World War After the war started, <mask> worked closely with Eichmann on the Nisko Plan, a failed attempt to set up a Jewish reservation in Poland, <mask> managed by October 1939 to organise the deportation of more than 1,500 Viennese Jews to Nisko, Poland. Over time <mask> supervised the deportation of 56,000 Austrian Jews. In October 1942, he was transferred to Berlin to implement his method there. <mask> held the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer (captain) when he organized deportations to Nazi concentration camps from Vichy France and Slovakia.He was commander of a train of Jews deported from Vienna to Riga in February 1942. En route, <mask> shot and killed Jewish financier Siegmund Bosel, who, although ill, had been hauled out of a Vienna hospital and placed on the train. According to historian Gertrude Schneider, who as a young girl was deported to Riga on the same train, but survived the Holocaust: Before being named commander of Drancy internment camp near Paris in June 1943, <mask> deported 43,000 Jews from Vienna and 46,000 from Salonika. He was personally sent by Eichmann in 1944 to Slovakia to oversee the deportation of Jews. In the last days of the Third Reich, he managed to deport another 13,500 from Slovakia to Theresienstadt, Sachsenhausen, Bergen-Belsen, and Stutthof of whom a few survived; the remainder, including all the children, were sent to Auschwitz, where none are known to have survived. According to some accounts, <mask> was responsible for the deportation of 129,000 people to death camps. While serving as the commandant at Drancy, <mask> was remembered for his exceptional brutality.He personally conducted interrogations of new prisoners, and survivors of the camp have claimed that his office was covered in bloodstains and bullet holes. He instituted torture even for slight offences. As he was personally responsible to Eichmann, he circumvented the typical chain of command that included Helmut Knochen, the Chief of the SS in Paris, and Heinz Rothke, the Jewish Affairs expert of the German police. He introduced a rigid system of categorization to control the inmates using information about their race and ethnicity derived from the interrogations. He deliberately misled prisoners about the living standards of their destinations at the extermination camps in the General Government, including Auschwitz-Birkenau. <mask> also led round-ups of Jews in the Italian Military Administration of France when the Germans assumed control in 1943 following the Armistice of Cassibile, ended all legal exemptions preventing Jews from being deported by Vichy France, and extended the deportations to Jews of French nationality. He continued deportations and arrests even as the Allies and the Free French Forces advanced towards Paris.While the Wehrmacht was already retreating from France, <mask> had 1,327 Jewish children arrested and deported in Paris between July 20 and 24, 1944. <mask> left Paris on August 17 in 1944, a week before the liberation of Paris, on the last train from the Drancy transit camp with fifty-one deported people, including Georges André Kohn (Bullenhuser Damm), and other German military personnel. His intention was to use the deportees as potential hostages. <mask> had 23,500 Jews of all ages deported from France to the death camps. From 30 September 1944 to 31 March 1945 he smashed the Jewish underground movement in Slovakia and headed the Sereď concentration camp, from where he had approximately 11,500 people deported to Auschwitz, Sachsenhausen, Bergen-Belsen, and Terezín for extermination. Postwar flight and escape to Syria In a 1985 interview with the West German magazine Bunte, <mask> described how he escaped capture by the Allies immediately after World War II. The identity of <mask> was apparently mixed up with that of another SS member with the same surname, <mask>, who was executed for war crimes.<mask>, like Josef Mengele, did not have the SS blood type tattoo, which prevented his identity from detection in an Allied prison camp. <mask>, who had worked in Vienna deporting Jews, was confused after the war with <mask> due to the shared surname, including by historians such as Gerald Reitlinger. Claiming he had "received official documents under a false name from American authorities", <mask> claimed he had found work as a driver for the United States Army in the period after the war. It has been alleged that <mask> found a working relationship after World War II with the Gehlen Organization. He fled West Germany only in 1954, on a fake Red Cross passport, first to Rome, then Egypt, where he worked as a weapons dealer, and then to Syria, where he took the pseudonym of Dr. Georg Fischer. In Syria, he was hired as a government adviser. The exact nature of his work is unknown.Syria had long refused entry to French investigators as well as to Nazi hunter Serge Klarsfeld, who spent nearly 15 years bringing the case to court in France. Simon Wiesenthal tried unsuccessfully to trace <mask>'s whereabouts. However, communist East Germany, led by Erich Honecker, negotiated with Syria in the late 1980s to have <mask> extradited and arrested in Berlin. The government of Syria under Hafez al-Assad was close to extraditing <mask> to East Germany, but the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 severed contacts between the two regimes and halted the extradition plan. In the Bunte interview, <mask> was quoted as saying he regrets nothing and that all of the Jews deserved their fate. In a 1987 telephone interview with the Chicago Sun Times, he was reported to have said: "All of [the Jews] deserved to die because they were the Devil's agents and human garbage. I have no regrets and would do it again."This quote could be called into question because Chuck Ashman, the reporter that published that quote, was known for lying about his stories. In an interview with Austrian journalist Gerd Honsik, <mask> denied claims of gas chambers. Until the early 1990s, he lived in an apartment building on 7 Rue Haddad in Damascus, meeting with foreigners and occasionally being photographed. In the 1990s, the French Embassy received reports that <mask> was meeting regularly and having tea with former East German nationals. According to The Guardian, he was last seen alive by reliable witnesses in 1992. In December 1999, unconfirmed reports surfaced that <mask> had died in 1996 and been buried in a Damascus cemetery. However, he was reportedly sighted at the Meridian Hotel in Damascus by German journalists that same year, where he was said to be living under police protection.The last reported sighting of him was at the Meridian Hotel in late 2001 by German journalists. In 2011, Der Spiegel reported that the German intelligence service Bundesnachrichtendienst had destroyed its file on <mask> in the 1990s, and that remarks in remaining files contain conflicting statements as to whether <mask> had worked for the BND at some point. Assassination attempts In 1961 and 1980, letter bombs were sent to <mask> while he was a resident in Syria. As a result of the letter bomb he received in 1961, he lost an eye, and in 1980, he lost the fingers on his left hand when the parcel blew up in his hands. A 2018 article in Newsweek by journalist Ronen Bergman disclosed that the 1961 bomb was sent by Military Intelligence Unit 188, a branch of the Israel Defense Forces and was the first target of a new method of letter bomb that was developed for deployment against ex-Nazi scientists working for Gamal Abdel Nasser in developing missiles targeting Israel. The article, excerpted from Bergman's book Rise and Kill First, says that Brunner was located by Israeli spy Eli Cohen. According to information released by the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad, it was behind the 1980 bomb.Convictions in absentia Germany and other countries unsuccessfully requested his extradition. He was twice sentenced to death in absentia in the 1950s; one of those convictions was in France in 1954. In August 1987, an Interpol "red notice" was issued for him. In 1995, German state prosecutors in Cologne and Frankfurt posted a $330,000 reward for information leading to his arrest. On 2 March 2001, he was found guilty in absentia by a French court for crimes against humanity, including the arrest and deportation of 345 orphans from the Paris region (which had not been judged in the earlier trials) and was sentenced to life imprisonment. According to Serge Klarsfeld, the trial was largely symbolic—an effort to honour the memories of victims. Klarsfeld's own father, arrested in 1943, was reportedly one of <mask>'s victims.Later attempts to locate In 2004, the television series Unsolved History, in an episode titled "Hunting Nazis", used facial recognition software to compare <mask> <mask>'s official SS photograph with a recent photo of "Georg Fischer" from Damascus, and came up with a match of 8.1 points out of 10, which they claimed was, despite the elapse of over 50 years in aging, equivalent to a match with 95% certainty. In 2005, Brazilian police were reportedly investigating whether a suspect living in the country under an assumed name was actually <mask> <mask>. Deputy Commander Asher Ben-Artzi, the head of Israel's Interpol and Foreign Liaison Section, passed on a Brazilian request for <mask>'s fingerprints to Nazi hunter Efraim Zuroff, head of the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Jerusalem, but Zuroff could not find any. In July 2007, the Austrian Justice Ministry declared that they would pay €50,000 for information leading to his arrest and extradition to Austria. In March 2009, the Simon Wiesenthal Center acknowledged the "slim" possibility of <mask> still being alive. In 2011, some media reports included him on a list of "World's Most Wanted" criminals. In 2013, the Simon Wiesenthal Center described <mask> as "the most important unpunished Nazi war criminal who may still be alive".<mask> was last seen in 2001 in Syria, whose government had long rebuffed international efforts to locate or apprehend him, but was presumed dead . In April 2014, <mask> was removed from the Simon Wiesenthal Center's list of most-wanted Nazi war criminals. Death On 30 November 2014, the Simon Wiesenthal Center reported receiving credible information that <mask> had died in Syria in 2010. He would have been 97 or 98 years old. Partly due to the ongoing Syrian Civil War, the exact date and place of death were unknown. According to the director of the Wiesenthal Center, Efraim Zuroff, the information came from a "reliable" former German secret service agent who had served in the Middle East. The information was also reported in the press.The new evidence revealed that <mask> was buried in an unknown location in Damascus around 2010, unrepentant of his crimes to the end. Zuroff said that, owing to the civil war in Syria, the exact location of <mask>'s grave was unknowable. In 2017, the French quarterly review published an investigation about <mask>’s last years in Syria by journalists Hédi Aouidj and Mathieu Palain. Three former security guards in charge of the protection of <mask> recounted how the Assad family used him to train intelligence services staff, then kept him under house arrest in a Damascus basement throughout the 1990s until his death in December 2001. One of the former guards said that <mask>, who went by the name of Abu Hussein, "suffered and cried a lot in his final years", "couldn’t even wash" and ate only "an egg or a potato" a day. According to the report at the time of his death, <mask> had converted to Islam. <mask> was buried in secret, at night in the Al-Affif cemetery in Damascus.Serge Klarsfeld called the report “highly credible". References Notes Sources 1912 births 2001 deaths Antisemitism in Austria Antisemitism in Syria Austrian expatriates in Syria Austrian Nazis Austrian people convicted of crimes against humanity Austrian people of Hungarian descent Drancy internment camp Fugitives wanted by France Fugitives wanted by Germany Fugitives wanted on crimes against humanity charges Fugitives wanted on war crimes charges Gestapo personnel Holocaust perpetrators in Austria Holocaust perpetrators in France Holocaust perpetrators in Greece Holocaust perpetrators in Slovakia Hungarian-German people Nazi concentration camp commandants Nazi fugitives Nazi Party officials Nazis sentenced to death in absentia People from Jennersdorf District Reich Security Main Office personnel SS-Hauptsturmführer The Holocaust in Thessaloniki

Itai Keisuke

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was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Usuki, Oita, Japan. His highest rank was komusubi. He held the record for most consecutive victories from entry into sumo for several years before it was broken by Jōkōryū in 2012. After his retirement, <mask> caused controversy by claiming that the outcomes of many of his matches were set by match-fixing. Career He played baseball at elementary school but was converted to sumo at Oita Prefectural Ocean Science High School where his older brother was active in the school's sumo team. Despite being scouted by ex-Yoshibayama of the Miyagino stable and solicitations from the Nihon University and Komazawa University sumo teams, he did not think he could make the grade as a pro. Instead, after graduating from high school he worked in the ceramics industry until he was 22.He was active in his company's sumo division and won many national youth competitions as an amateur. He did not turn professional until September 1978 when he joined Onaruto stable, set up by the former sekiwake Kōtetsuyama Toyoya after he left Asahiyama stable. Itai rose up the rankings in record time, winning his first 26 matches, a record at that time for most consecutive victories from entry into sumo. He reached the second jūryō division just six tournaments after his professional debut, and was given the shikona of Kōtetsuyama, after his stablemaster. He was promoted to the top makuuchi division after winning the jūryō championship in July 1980. However he dropped out of his debut makuuchi tournament on the fifth day without even winning one match. He won promotion to the top division once again after winning another jūryō title in March 1981 but once again dropped out of the following tournament, this time after only three days.Struggling with a left knee injury, he fell all the way down to the unsalaried makushita division. In an effort to change his fortunes, he dropped the shikona and reverted to his real surname, which he was to use for the rest of his career. <mask> finally managed to win a top division bout on his third attempt in November 1982, and came through with his first kachi-koshi or winning score in March 1983. He remained in the top division for 50 consecutive tournaments. Although he was short for a sumo wrestler at just , he was a powerful pusher-thruster, specialising in oshi techniques. He earned three gold stars for defeating yokozuna, all of which were bouts against Onokuni. He defeated Onokuni six times in a row from November 1985 until March 1988 (including when Onokuni was at ōzeki rank) and used fierce harite or slaps to the face (reinforced by strapping around his hands) which knocked Onokuni straight to the ground in one match.However by contrast he lost all 16 bouts against yokozuna Chiyonofuji. His best result in a tournament was 11-4 in March 1989, for which he was awarded two special prizes for outstanding performance and technique. At 33 he was the oldest first-time special prize winner since Shionishiki in May 1959. He earned promotion to komusubi for the following tournament, but only managed three wins in his sanyaku debut and never managed to return to the rank. In the July 1991 tournament, ranked at the bottom of the makuuchi division, he lost every one of his fifteen bouts and was demoted to jūryō. He announced his retirement from sumo three days into the following tournament at the age of 35. Unusually, his professional debut, jūryō debut, makuuchi debut and retirement all took place in the Aki basho held in September.Retirement from sumo Itai was unable to purchase or borrow toshiyori kabu, or elder stock upon his retirement and so was unable to remain in the Japan Sumo Association. As a result, his Onaruto stable folded in 1994 when no successor to his old stablemaster could be found. Itai began a new career as a chankonabe restaurant owner. In February 2000, in a lecture to the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan and a string of articles published in the tabloid Shukan Gendai magazine, he claimed that during his active career yaocho, or match-fixing was widespread, with up to 80 percent of bouts being prearranged. Wrestlers who had already secured their kachi-koshi would lose deliberately to those still needing wins, in exchange for points to be collected at later tournaments. Wrestlers who had not accumulated points would have to "buy" victories instead for around $2,000. He said the fixed matches would be arranged through the wrestlers' tsukebito or personal attendants, often in the dressing room shortly before the bout, and "was kind of an ordinary thing."Itai claimed the practice was still continuing today, although to a lesser extent. He said he could tell if a match was fixed just by watching it on TV, and accused ōzeki Chiyotaikai and yokozuna Akebono among others of throwing bouts. The Sumo Association strenuously denied the allegations, with its chairman Tokitsukaze Oyakata threatening Itai with legal action unless he withdraw his claims. <mask>, who had joined a religious group called the God Light Association in the 1980s, said he was on a "mission from God" to reveal the truth behind match-fixing. Others pointed out his restaurant business was struggling and he was well paid for his interviews. Itai claimed to have evidence on tape, but it was never produced publicly and the Sumo Association did not in the end go to the courts. In October 2008 in the Tokyo District Court, Itai appeared for the defence in a lawsuit brought by Kitanoumi, the head of the Sumo Association, against the Shukan Gendai magazine over further match-fixing allegations in its March 10, 2007 issue.He repeated his belief that 75–80 percent of matches were fixed during his active days, and he stated that only three yokozuna, Onokuni, Takanohana and Wakanohana had not thrown bouts in recent times. He claimed that he arranged a fixed match with Kitanoumi in the July 1984 tournament, through an intermediary, for 500,000 yen. He also said he was now working in a glass factory and had no other source of income. Death In his later years Itai suffered from diabetes and had a pacemaker fitted. He died on 14 August 2018 after collapsing at his home. He was 62. Career record See also List of sumo record holders Match-fixing in professional sumo List of sumo tournament second division champions Glossary of sumo terms List of past sumo wrestlers List of komusubi References 1956 births 2018 deaths Japanese sumo wrestlers Komusubi Sumo people from Ōita Prefecture Sumo wrestlers who use their birth name

Howard Ashman

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<mask> (May 17, 1950 – March 14, 1991) was an American playwright, lyricist and stage director. He collaborated with composer Alan Menken on several works and is most widely known for his work on feature films for Walt Disney Animation Studios, for which <mask> wrote the lyrics and Menken composed the music. His work included songs for Little Shop of Horrors, The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, and Aladdin. Sir Tim Rice took over to write the rest of the songs for the latter film after <mask>'s death in 1991. Early life and education <mask> was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Shirley Thelma (née Glass) and <mask>, an ice cream cone manufacturer. His family was Jewish. He started his theater experiences with the Childrens Theater Association (CTA), playing roles such as Aladdin.<mask> first studied at Boston University and Goddard College (with a stop at Tufts University's Summer Theater) and then went on to earn his master's degree from Indiana University in 1974. Career After graduating from Indiana in 1974 he moved to New York and worked as an editor at Grosset & Dunlap. His first two plays, Cause Maggie's Afraid of the Dark and Dreamstuff, were met with mixed reviews. His play The Confirmation was produced in 1977 at Princeton's McCarter Theater and starred Herschel Bernardi. In 1977 he became the artistic director of the WPA Theater in New York. He met future collaborator Alan Menken at the BMI Workshop, where he was classmates with Maury Yeston and Ed Kleban, among others. He first worked with Menken on the 1979 musical Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, adapted from Vonnegut's novel of the same name.They also collaborated on Little Shop of Horrors with <mask> as director, lyricist, and librettist, winning the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics. He also directed the workshop of Nine by Yeston at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, and after asking why Guido's wife stays with him after she knows he has not been faithful, inspired Yeston to write "My Husband Makes Movies". <mask> was director, lyricist, and book writer for the 1986 Broadway musical Smile (music by Marvin Hamlisch). Also in 1986, <mask> wrote the screenplay for the Frank Oz–directed film adaptation of his musical Little Shop of Horrors, as well as contributing the lyrics for two new songs, "Some Fun Now" and "Mean Green Mother From Outer Space," the latter of which received an Academy Award nomination. In 1986, <mask> was brought in to write lyrics for a song in Walt Disney Animation Studios' Oliver & Company. While there, he was told about another project that they had been working on for a couple years. The film was The Little Mermaid, Disney's first fairy tale in 30 years.<mask>, along with Menken, wrote all of the songs for the film. <mask> became a driving force during the early years of the "Disney Renaissance". He would hold story meetings and said the animation and musical styles were made for each other which is why Disney needed to continue making musical movies. He also made strong choices in casting actors with strong musical theater and acting backgrounds. The Little Mermaid was released in November 1989 and it was an enormous success. <mask> and Menken received two Golden Globe nominations and three Academy Award nominations, including two for "Kiss the Girl" and "Under The Sea" with <mask> winning both awards for the latter. In 1988, while working on The Little Mermaid, <mask> pitched the idea of an animated musical adaptation of Aladdin to Disney.After he wrote a group of songs with partner Alan Menken and a film treatment, a screenplay was written by Linda Woolverton, who had worked on Beauty and the Beast. Directors John Musker and Ron Clements then joined the production, and the story underwent many changes, with some elements of the original treatment being dropped. Out of the 16 songs written for Aladdin, three of <mask>'s songs ended up in the finished film, which was released after his death. During early production of Aladdin, <mask> and Menken were approached to help reinvigorate and save the production of Beauty and the Beast, which was going nowhere as a non-musical. <mask>, wishing to focus on Aladdin and his health, reluctantly agreed. It was at this time that his health began to decline due to his illness. Regardless, he completed lyrical work on Beauty and the Beast before succumbing to AIDS.The film was released mere months after his death and is dedicated to him. In May 2020, Beauty and the Beast co-director Kirk Wise said, "If you had to point to one person responsible for the 'Disney Renaissance', I would say it was <mask>." Along with Menken, <mask> was the co-recipient of two Grammy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards. Illness and death After Disney's 62nd Academy Awards for The Little Mermaid, Ashman told fellow composer Alan Menken that they needed to talk about something important when they got home in Fishkill, New York. Upon arrival at <mask>'s house, Ashman revealed to Menken that he was sick and had tested positive for HIV/AIDS. Ashman did survive to see an early screening of Beauty and the Beast. When rushed to St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan, he weighed 80 pounds, had lost his sight, and could barely speak.On the early morning of March 14, 1991, two months before his 41st birthday, he died from heart failure caused by HIV/AIDS. Beauty and the Beast is dedicated to him, featuring the following message at the end of the closing credits: "TO OUR FRIEND HOWARD, WHO GAVE A MERMAID HER VOICE AND A BEAST HIS SOUL, WE WILL BE FOREVER GRATEFUL.". He is buried in Oheb Shalom Cemetery in Reistertown, Maryland. Personal life Ashman never married, as same-sex marriage was not legal during his lifetime, and also had no children. He met Stuart White, one of his first partners, at a summer university program in 1969. Originally close friends, the two formed a bond which led to a secret relationship. They both completed master's degrees at Indiana University and then moved to upstate New York.<mask> and White re-opened the Workshop of Players Art Foundation (WPA) together as artistic directors. The two fell out in 1980, but reunited briefly prior to White's death from AIDS in July 1983. <mask>'s partner at the time of his death was Bill Lauch, who worked as an architect. Lauch accepted <mask>'s posthumous Oscar for Beauty and the Beast in 1992. Awards and nominations Over the course of his career, <mask> won two Academy Awards (one posthumous) out of seven nominations. Of these nominations, four are posthumous nominations, the most in Academy Awards history. He also won a posthumous Laurence Olivier Award and five Grammy Awards (three of them posthumous), among other accolades.Accolades Special recognitions 1990 – Special Award for outstanding contribution to the success of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences' anti-drug special for children, for the song "Wonderful Ways to Say No" from the TV special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue 2001 – Disney Legend Award (POSTHUMOUS) Tributes On the 2002 Special Edition DVD of Beauty and the Beast, the Disney animators teamed up again and added a new song called "Human Again", which <mask> and Menken had written for the film, but was cut from the finished film. On Disc 2, there is a short documentary entitled <mask>: In Memoriam that features many people who worked on Beauty and the Beast who talk about <mask>'s involvement on the film and how his death was truly a loss for them. Jeffrey Katzenberg claims there are two angels watching down on them that put their magic touch on every film they made. Those two angels are <mask> and Walt Disney himself. An album of Ashman singing his own work entitled <mask> Sings Ashman was released on November 11, 2008, by PS Classics as part of the Library of Congress "Songwriter Series." The 2009 documentary, Waking Sleeping Beauty, which centers around Disney's animation renaissance, is dedicated to him, as well as Frank Wells, Joe Ranft, and Roy E. Disney. In March 2017, Don Hahn confirmed he was working on a documentary biographical film about <mask>.The documentary film titled <mask> premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 22, 2018, before having a limited theatrical run on December 18, 2018. It was released on Disney+ on August 7, 2020. Filmography The Confirmation (1977) (writer) God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater (1979) (lyricist, librettist and director) Little Shop of Horrors (1982) (lyricist, librettist and director) Smile (1986) (lyricist, librettist and director) Little Shop of Horrors (1986) (lyricist and screenwriter) Oliver & Company (1988) (lyricist for "Once Upon a Time in New York City") The Little Mermaid (1989) (lyricist, producer, additional dialogue) Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (1990) (lyricist for "Wonderful Way to Say No") Beauty and the Beast (1991) (lyricist, executive producer) (dedicated) Aladdin (1992) (lyricist for "Arabian Nights", "Friend Like Me", and "Prince Ali"). References External links Official website Profile @ vimeo.com Disney Legends <mask>man papers, 1973-2010 at the Library of Congress 1950 births 1991 deaths 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American musicians AIDS-related deaths in New York (state) American expatriates in Burkina Faso American male dramatists and playwrights American musical theatre librettists American musical theatre lyricists Animation composers Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters Boston University alumni Broadway composers and lyricists Broadway theatre directors Disney people American gay musicians American gay writers Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Grammy Award winners Indiana University Bloomington alumni Jewish American songwriters LGBT dramatists and playwrights LGBT Jews LGBT people from Maryland LGBT songwriters Musicians from Baltimore Peace Corps volunteers Songwriters from Maryland Walt Disney Animation Studios people Writers from Baltimore 20th-century LGBT people

Désirée Artôt

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<mask> (; 11 June 1835 – 3 April 1907) was a Belgian soprano (initially a mezzo-soprano), who was famed in German and Italian opera and sang mainly in Germany. In 1868 she was engaged, briefly, to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who may have coded her name into works such as his First Piano Concerto and the Romeo and Juliet Fantasy-Overture. After her 1869 marriage to the Spanish baritone Mariano Padilla y Ramos, she was known as Désirée <mask> or Désirée <mask>. Biography Family background Marguerite-Joséphine-Désirée Montagney Artôt was the daughter of Jean Désiré Montagney Artôt, a horn player at La Monnaie in Brussels and professor at the Brussels Conservatory. Her uncle was the violinist Alexandre Artôt (1815–1845). He had been born Alexandre Joseph (or Joseph-Alexandre) Montagney, but adopted the surname Artôt professionally, and the rest of his family followed suit. Another uncle was the Belgian portrait painter Charles Baugniet (1814–1886).Early career She studied with Pauline Viardot and Francesco Lamperti in London and Paris. She appeared in concerts in Belgium, the Netherlands and on 19 June 1857 at a State Concert in England. Giacomo Meyerbeer engaged her for the Paris Opéra, where she made her debut on 5 February 1858 as Fidès in his Le prophète, to great success. She also sang the title role in a condensed version of Gounod’s Sapho. Hector Berlioz and others praised her singing in the Journal des Débats on 17 February. However, she abandoned the French repertoire and went to sing in Italy in 1859. She also sang in Berlin that year, at the opening of the Victoria Theatre with Lorini's Italian company.She was highly successful in The Barber of Seville, La Cenerentola, Il trovatore and other roles there. Artôt sang in London in 1859-60 and again in 1863 (at Her Majesty's Theatre), in La fille du régiment, La traviata, and Norma (as Adalgisa, with Thérèse Tietjens in the title role). In 1861, she was briefly engaged to the Welsh harpist John Thomas. She returned to England in 1864, where she sang at Covent Garden, and 1866, in Gounod's Faust and other roles. Russia and Tchaikovsky In 1868 she visited Russia with a touring Italian company that also include Roberto Stagno. She captivated Moscow: at a reception for her at the home of Maria Begicheva, the hostess knelt before Artôt and kissed her hand. (Maria Begicheva was the wife of the repertory director of the Moscow state theatres, and the mother, from her first marriage, of one of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's future lovers, Vladimir Shilovsky.)Désirée <mask> met Tchaikovsky briefly at a party at the Begichevs in the spring. He also visited her after her benefit performance, for which he wrote additional recitatives for a production of Daniel Auber's opera Le domino noir. They again met by chance at a musical party, where she expressed her surprise that he had not visited her more often during the autumn. He promised he would do so, but he did not intend to keep his promise, however Anton Rubinstein persuaded him to see her at the opera. She then started to send him invitations every day, and he became accustomed to visiting her every evening. He later described her to his brother Modest as possessing "exquisite gesture, grace of movement, and artistic poise". He had put aside his work on his symphonic poem Fatum in order to give her all his attention.It seems plausible that Tchaikovsky was more captivated in her as a singer and actor than as a romantic interest, and had difficulty in separating the artist from the person. Tchaikovsky dedicated his Romance in F minor for piano, Op. 5, to Artôt. By the end of the year, marriage was being considered. It has been said that this was Tchaikovsky's first serious attempt to conquer his homosexuality. Her mother, who was travelling with her, opposed the marriage. There were three reasons for this: a certain unnamed Armenian man who sat in the front seat at all Artôt's performances, and was in love with her himself, told her mother lies about Tchaikovsky's background and his financial status which, being a stranger to Russian customs, she had no reason to disbelieve; then there was Tchaikovsky's age - he was five years Artôt's junior; and finally, she may have heard rumours about Tchaikovsky's sexual practices.Tchaikovsky's father, in contrast, supported his son's plans. <mask> herself was not prepared to abandon her career to support a struggling composer, and neither was Tchaikovsky prepared to become merely a prima donna's husband. Some of Tchaikovsky's friends, such as Nikolai Rubinstein, advised him against the marriage because being the husband of a foreign singing celebrity would mean he would have to forgo his own musical career. The matter was left undecided, and no formal announcement was made, but they planned to meet again in the summer of 1869 at her estate near Paris to finalise the question of their marriage. Then the opera company left to continue its tour in Warsaw. By the beginning of 1869, however, Tchaikovsky was having second thoughts. He wrote to his brother Anatoly that it was doubtful the marriage would ever take place.He wrote "... this affair is beginning to fall apart somewhat". Although she did not communicate this fact to Tchaikovsky, as the social conventions of the time would have demanded, Artôt also changed her mind. (One source claims it was her singing teacher Pauline Viardot who persuaded Artôt not to marry Tchaikovsky.) On 15 September 1869, either in Sèvres or Warsaw, Artôt married a member of her company, the Spanish baritone Mariano Padilla y Ramos. Padilla was seven years her junior, and he was someone she had previously ridiculed to Tchaikovsky. Nikolai Rubinstein was advised of the marriage by telegram, and he went to inform Tchaikovsky straight away. He was in the midst of a rehearsal for his opera The Voyevoda, and when he heard Rubinstein's news, he became quite upset, abandoned the rehearsal, and left immediately.Tchaikovsky got over the affair fairly quickly. When writing his Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor in 1874, he included in the slow movement the tune of a popular French song Il faut s’amuser et rire, which Artôt had in her repertoire. The flute solo that starts the movement may also be a reference to her. The second subject of the first movement starts with the notes D flat–A (in German Des–A), which the musicologist David Brown argues is a musical cipher on Artôt's name, Désirée Artôt. The use of initials spelled out in musical pitches is a device often used by Robert Schumann (for example, in his Carnaval), and Tchaikovsky was a great admirer of Schumann's music. The sequence D flat–A is naturally resolved by a B flat, which, according to Brown, determined the overall key of the entire concerto, B flat minor, a very unusual key for a concerto or symphony.The famous opening theme of the first movement is written in the relative major key, D flat major (Des), and after being played twice, it never reappears (perhaps an echo of Artôt's sudden disappearance from his life). The theme is introduced by a descending minor key gesture (F–D flat–C–B flat) on the horns, which might be a reference to Artôt's father, a professor of horn, but is more likely a reference to the composer himself: he used the sequence E–C–B–A as his own signature in other works, and the horn gesture is E–C–B–A transposed from A minor to B flat minor. There are other suggestions that Tchaikovsky coded his own name into the concerto, and Artôt's name into the symphonic poem Fatum, the Symphony No. 3, and the Romeo and Juliet Fantasy-Overture. He never revealed the program of Fatum, and later even destroyed the score (although it was reconstructed from the orchestral parts and published posthumously as Op. 77). The Artôt episode was very fresh in Tchaikovsky's mind at the time he wrote Romeo and Juliet.He could easily have drawn a parallel between his personal loss and the tragedy of Shakespeare's drama. Mily Balakirev praised Romeo and Juliet'''s love theme (written in D flat = Des) with an extraordinary choice of words: "... the second D flat tune is delightful ... It is full of tenderness and the sweetness of love ... When I play it I imagine you are lying naked in your bath and that the <mask>-Padilla herself is washing your stomach with hot lather from scented soap".Seen and Heard International It was Balakirev who had first suggested Tchaikovsky write a Romeo and Juliet piece, in May 1869 (or August). The work (in its first version) was completed on 29 November 1869, just two months after <mask>'s marriage to Padilla. On her December 1870 Moscow visit, Tchaikovsky went to hear her as Marguerite in Gounod's Faust. He was reported to have had tears streaming down his cheeks (although he was often moved to tears by music); they did not meet on this occasion.In 1875 she was again in Moscow, singing in Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots. Calling on Nikolai Rubinstein one day at the Conservatorium, Tchaikovsky and his friend Nikolay Kashkin were asked to wait because "a foreign lady" was with Rubinstein in his office. The foreign lady soon emerged, and it turned out to be Désirée <mask>. Both she and Tchaikovsky were so flustered that they exchanged no words, and she left hurriedly. Tchaikovsky burst out laughing, saying "And I thought I was in love with her!". In December 1887, she had a chance encounter with Tchaikovsky in Berlin, at a performance of Berlioz's Grande Messe des morts, and they were glad to renew their acquaintance, but there was no mention of past events. On 4 February 1888, Artôt met Tchaikovsky again in Berlin.Tchaikovsky spent a part of each of the five days he had there with her, and spent an evening with her on 7 February at 17 Landgrafstrasse, during which she asked him to write a romance for her. He wrote in his diary: "This evening is counted among the most agreeable recollections of my sojourn in Berlin. The personality and the art of this singer are as irresistibly bewitching as ever". In May he wrote to her, promising the song by August. During the summer, the composer's time was taken up with various major works, including the Hamlet overture-fantasia, which was completed on 19 October. By now, he had decided to write not one song for Artôt, but six, keeping in mind the present range of her voice. He chose untranslated French texts by three poets.The Six French Songs, Op. 65, were finished on 22 October, and the set was dedicated to Désirée <mask>-Padilla. He concluded his 29 October letter to her with the hope that she would like them and "... one is a little intimidated when one is composing for a singer one considers the greatest among the great". Later career After <mask>'s marriage to Mariano Padilla y Ramos, she was often known as Désirée <mask> de Padilla or Désirée <mask>-Padilla. Artôt appeared with Padilla in Italian opera in Germany, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Russia, and Finland. She appeared in Moscow in 1868-70 and again in 1875-76, and in Saint Petersburg in 1871–72 and 1876–77. She had a tempestuous temperament and her onstage battles with Minnie Hauk in Moscow in the 1870s are well documented.Artôt retired in 1884, but on 22 March 1887 she and Padilla appeared in a scene from Don Giovanni in a celebration of the Emperor's birthday at the Imperial Palace in Berlin; it was also the centenary year of Don Giovanni. She became a singing teacher in Berlin until 1889, before moving to Paris. Her students included the contralto Rosa Olitzka and Berglioth Prom. She died in 1907 in Paris (or Berlin), just four months after her husband died. Artôt's and Padilla's daughter <mask> de Padilla had a highly successful career as an operatic soprano, creating Vreli in Delius's A Village Romeo and Juliet. References Sources Eric Blom, ed, Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', 5th edition, 1954 External links 1835 births 1907 deaths Singers from Paris Belgian operatic sopranos Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 19th-century Belgian women opera singers

Lorenzo Lamas

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<mask> (born January 20, 1958) is an American actor. He is widely known for his role of Lance Cumson, the irresponsible grandson of Angela Channing—played by Jane Wyman—in the soap opera Falcon Crest (1981–1990), for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. <mask> is also known for his roles as Reno Raines in the crime drama series Renegade (1992–1997), Dr. Hollywood on the Nickelodeon's TV show Big Time Rush (2009-2013), Hector Ramirez in the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful (2004–2006), and Meap on the television show Phineas and Ferb. He served as a judge on ABC television's Are You Hot?, and starred in his own reality show, Leave It to Lamas, a series about his real-life family. Early life Lamas was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Argentine actor <mask> and Norwegian American actress Arlene Dahl. He is the stepson of swimmer and film star Esther Williams, who married his father when Lamas was 11 years old. Both Williams and Dahl were best friends of actress Jane Wyman (who knew him since birth), and would later work alongside <mask> on Falcon Crest.He was brought up in Pacific Palisades, California, and moved to New York City in 1971. In 1979, he took up Taekwondo, earning a 3rd degree black belt, also Karate, Jujitsu, Aikido, and Shotokan, earning black belts in each. He graduated from the Admiral Farragut Academy in Pine Beach, New Jersey, in 1975. Career Early career Lamas had longed to be in show business since the age of five, when he approached his mother and said, "I want to be a star...I mean, an actor." With a smile, she replied, "I heard you the first time, son." Lamas first studied acting in Tony Barr's Film Actors Workshop and quickly thereafter obtained his first TV acting role in 1976. As a last-minute replacement for Steven Ford, Lamas secured a non-speaking role as a jock in the 1978 musical film Grease, in which he dyed his hair blond.In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Lamas had guest-starring roles in a number of TV series including Switch, Sword of Justice, Dear Detective, Secrets of Midland Heights, Fantasy Island, The Love Boat and Hotel. Falcon Crest (1981–1990) In 1980, Lamas auditioned for and won the role of Lance Cumson, for the pilot of a new series entitled The Vintage Years. The pilot was later retooled to become the hit prime time drama series Falcon Crest, which aired on CBS for nine seasons from December 4, 1981, to May 17, 1990. During a 2006 TV interview with a Norwegian television team, Lamas said that to get the role he had auditioned twice and beat out five other actors for the part. <mask> was nominated for a Golden Globe and two Soap Opera Digest Awards for his work on the series; he was the only actor to appear in all 227 episodes. During his tenure on the show, Lamas had the lead role in the poorly received film Body Rock (1984), where he was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor. (He also performed a song on the film's soundtrack, and the track "Fools Like Me" became his only single to date to crack the Billboard Hot 100 chart).The co-founder of the Golden Raspberry Awards, John J.B. Wilson, later named Body Rock as one of "The 100 Most Enjoyably Bad Movies Ever Made". Later career <mask> began carving out a niche for himself as an action-hero, showcasing his martial-arts skills by starring in such movies as the Snake Eater-trilogy (1989–1992), Bounty Tracker (1993), Gladiator Cop (1995), Terminal Justice (1996), and many similar low-budget action-films. From 1992 to 1997, Lamas played the lead role of Reno Raines (a falsely accused cop) in the syndicated series Renegade, which allowed him to exercise his enthusiasm for Harley-Davidson motorcycles as well as martial arts. The show was seen in over 100 countries, and during its fifth and final season, it moved from first-run syndication to the USA Network. Lamas had been keeping his hair long (past his shoulders) during this time, so when he had it cut short following the end of the fourth season of Renegade, he had to wear a long-haired wig for filming of the final season. In 2004, <mask> joined the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful as Hector Ramirez, remaining on the show until 2006. In August 2007, <mask> starred as the King of Siam in The King and I at the Ogunquit Playhouse in Ogunquit, Maine.That fall, he performed at Kean University Premiere Stages in Union, New Jersey, in the title role in Steven Dietz's Dracula. In June 2008, he performed as El Gallo in The Fantasticks at the Casa Mañana Theatre in Fort Worth, Texas. In June 2009, Lamas returned to the Ogunquit Playhouse as Zach in A Chorus Line. In 2015, Lamas was a cast member of the reality TV series Celebrity Apprentice. As of 2016, Lamas was working as a helicopter pilot, flying people on day trips to the Grand Canyon from Los Angeles. According to his Twitter account, he is currently flying as a helicopter tour pilot with HeliNY in New York City. Personal life Lamas has been married five times and has six children.His first marriage was to Victoria Hilbert (1981–1982). His second marriage (1983–1985) was to his publicist, Michele Cathy Smith, with whom he had two children: son Alvaro Joshua "A.J." (b. 1983) and daughter Shayne (b. 1985), both actors. Lamas was then in a relationship with actress Daphne Ashbrook; the couple had a daughter, Paton Lee (b. 1988).She likewise is an actress. <mask> was married to his third wife, Renegade co-star Kathleen Kinmont, from 1989 to 1993. Playmate of the Month Shauna Sand (who made guest appearances in Renegade) became Lamas' fourth wife in 1996. The couple had three daughters—Alexandra Lynne (b. 1997), Victoria (b. 1999), and Isabella Lorenza (b. 2001)—before divorcing in 2002.After five months of dating, Lamas married his fifth wife, Shawna Craig, 2011 in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. He told reporters that he would change his name to <mask>-Craig. This decision was motivated by the fact that his previous wife, Shauna, kept the surname <mask>, and is legally named Shauna <mask>, and new bride Shawna, whose given name is a homonym and almost identical to that of Shauna, did not wish to have a virtually identical full name. In June 2018, <mask> filed for divorce from his fifth wife citing irreconcilable differences. Lamas started dating a woman named Kenna Scott in April 2020. The couple got engaged in Las Vegas in February 2021. The wedding is set to take place in Napa Valley in May 2022.Lamas enjoyed close friendships with his Falcon Crest co-stars Ana Alicia and Jane Wyman. He continually praised Wyman's professionalism and credited her as a "huge influence" on his life and career. After Wyman's death in 2007, Lamas released a statement: "Next to my parents, Jane was the most influential person in my young career. She has left an incredible body of work and accomplishments that cannot go without being recognized and celebrated. I will miss her greatly." Lamas' stepmother, Esther Williams, died on June 6, 2013, at the age of 91, in Los Angeles, California. He stated on Twitter: "The best swim teacher and soul mom RIP."<mask> published his autobiography, Renegade at Heart (co-written by celebrity biographer Jeff Lenburg) in December 2014 Filmography Films Television Discography References External links <mask> on Discogs: http://www.discogs.com/artist/1679683-<mask>s 1958 births Living people Admiral Farragut Academy alumni American aviators American male film actors American male soap opera actors American male taekwondo practitioners American male television actors American people of Argentine descent American people of Norwegian descent Helicopter pilots Hispanic and Latino American male actors Male actors from New York City Male actors from Santa Monica, California 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors Participants in American reality television series The Apprentice (franchise) contestants

Mihiro

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, real name , is a Japanese actress, singer, fiction writer, TV entertainer (notices artist) and former adult video (AV) actress. Life and career <mask> was born in Niigata prefecture on May 19, 1982. She began a career as a softcore nude model as early as May 2001 when her video Dream (どりーむ) was released followed by the publication of the similarly named photobook Dream (夢) in August 2002. She appeared in a number of other softcore nude modeling videos and photobooks over the next year and a half. <mask> also acted in several softcore V-Cinema productions during this time including the 2003 comedy directed by Naoyuki Tomomatsu. and Kōji Kawano's 2004 . She was also featured as a singer in a J-Pop Maxi single titled Sunflower (ヒマワリ) for Dream Robot in October 2004.AV debut – Alice Japan & MAX-A <mask> made her transition from nude model to AV actress in January 2005 when Alice Japan released her debut adult video Little Angel. A month later, she made her first video for the MAX-A studio, Super Star. For the next two and a half years until mid-2007, <mask> made about one AV a month alternating between Alice Japan and MAX-A. At the same time, <mask> was also appearing on TV in the TV-Asahi drama {{nihongo|Tokumei Kakarichō Tadano Hitoshi'''|特命係長·只野仁}} or Mission Section Chief Hitoshi Tadano. She was in Episode 1 of the second year series (Whole Episode 12) of the program broadcast on January 14, 2005. She began 2006 with a regular role in TV Tokyo's romantic comedy, , which ran in 12 episodes from January to March 2006. In April 2006, she was one of the leads in the V-Cinema horror film, Zombie Self-Defense Force directed by pink film and horror movie director Naoyuki Tomomatsu.Throughout 2006, she continued appearing in monthly adult videos for MAX-A and Alice Japan. In another genre, <mask> was the star of the November 2006 V-Cinema release , an erotic parody of the manga-inspired movie Yo-Yo Girl Cop. She played a teenaged undercover government agent armed with a steel yo-yo and see-through panties. One reviewer commented that <mask>'s was "the only performance of note". The DVD was released in the US with English subtitles in November 2008. <mask> continued her singing career with an all AV Idol group, the "Man-zoku ディーバ Divas" which originally consisted of <mask>, Akiho Yoshizawa and Naho Ozawa. Ozawa later left the group which was eventually expanded to five singers.Official website: <mask>'s final videos for the MAX-A and Alice Japan studios were released in the first half of 2007.She returned to TV work in 2007 as a regular cast member in the TV Asahi suspense drama which was broadcast April–June 2007 and she also appeared as a guest star in Episode 1 of the erotic drama which was aired by TV Asahi in August 2007. Maxing & S1 From July 2007, <mask> began making videos with two new AV studios, Maxing and S1 No. 1 Style. She kept to her previous pattern of doing one movie per month, alternating between the two companies. At the 2007 Vegas Night Moodyz Awards, <mask> took the 2nd Place Award for Best Actress and her debut video for S1, Hyper-Risky Mosaic Mihiro, directed by Hideto Aki, won the Best Title Award. In the mainstream film arena, she starred as Ms Lin, the owner of a dumpling shop with a "secret ingredient", in director Kōji Kawano's 2008 V-Cinema erotic horror-comedy Cruel Restaurant. She had previously worked with Kawano in the 2004 video Chakuero no onna Karina.Along with other S1 actresses Sora Aoi, Yuma Asami and Rio, <mask> was one of the regular cast members doing songs and comedy on the late night TV Osaka variety show which began broadcasting in April 2008. She has also done a number of TV skits with Japanese comedian Ken Shimura. In 2009 <mask> continued her AV career with S1 and Maxing but she also appeared in roles in theatrical movies, the first being in March, in the drama , also known as 8000 Miles. The movie, directed by Yū Irie, follows a group of aspiring rap singers in Tokyo's Saitama prefecture. The film was awarded the Grand Prix at the 19th Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in 2009. In June 2009 she was in Ju-on: White Ghost / Black Ghost, part of the famous Japanese Ju-on series re-made in the US as The Grudge. Later, in July she had a part in the action-horror gore-fest by director Kengo Kaji, Samurai Princess: Devil Princess.Autobiography and retirement <mask> published an autobiographical memoir titled nude, detailing her early life and entry into AV. The book () was released by Kodansha on May 19, 2009. Her book is one of a number of autobiographical works by actresses about the AV industry going back to Ai Iijima's novel Platonic Sex in 2000, and including Saori Hara's My Real Name Is Mai Kato: Why I Became an AV Actress from December 2009, and Honoka's 2010 book Biography of Honoka: Mama, I Love You, which adult media reporter Rio Yasuda sees as marking a trend in which the AV industry is being assimilated into popular culture. Also in 2009, she traveled to Korea to promote a four-part dramatic TV series Korean Classroom, a joint Korean-Japanese production which aired on Korean TV in May 2009. The series, which also starred AV Idols Sora Aoi and Rio (Tina Yuzuki), deals with three Japanese girls who travel to Korea and fall for some local men. In 2010, in addition to her regular schedule of adult videos for S1 and Maxing, she starred in the low-budget comedy , released in February and directed by Dai Sakō. In May 2010, it was announced that <mask>'s autobiographical work nude would be made into a movie starring Naoko Watanabe and directed by Yuichi Onuma.The movie started shooting in May and was released on September 10th, 2010. Earlier in the year <mask> had announced her retirement from AV and her last two videos were Mihiro Channel for Maxing and her retirement work, the 2-disc Mihiro Final - Special Technique on June 19, 2010 for S1. In 2012, the major Japanese adult video distributor DMM held a poll of its customers to choose the 100 all-time best AV actresses to celebrate the 30th anniversary of adult videos in Japan. <mask> finished in 83rd place in the balloting. Later career In 2013, <mask> starred in the Toho comedy Goddotan kiss patience Championship - The Movie, a film adaption of the popular TV Tokyo variety show. <mask> played the part of Yurufuwa-chan in , the TV Tokyo comedy about a group of 30-something women starring gravure idol Mitsu Dan, which aired July–October 2014. Since 2017 she's been a member of the newly reformed Ebisu Muscats and performs regularly with the band.She also discontinued the selling of her former AV work from DMM.com by the so-called "5-year rule" (introduced around 2016), that allows AV actresses to stop the mainstream distribution of their videos five years after retirement. Filmography Theatrical films (November 2006) (March 2009) Ju-on: White Ghost / Black Ghost (June 2009) Samurai Princess: Devil Princess (July 2009) (February 2010) nude (September 2010) Goddotan kiss patience Championship - The Movie'' (June 2013) Gravure videos Adult videos (AV) V-Cinema Photobooks . . . Video games Ryu Ga Gotoku (Yakuza), voicing Mai, a character in a special sub-scenario, December 2005 Notes External links 1982 births Japanese pornographic film actresses Japanese women pop singers Japanese television personalities Japanese women writers Living people Musicians from Niigata Prefecture Actors from Niigata Prefecture Ebisu Muscats Models from Niigata Prefecture

Super Parka

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Ramón Ibarra Banda (born May 24, 1956) is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, working under the ring name <mask>. Ibarra previously worked as Volador from 1990 until 1997 and as <mask> ever since. Ibarra is the father of Luchador Volador Jr., the grandfather of Flyer and the uncle of L.A. Park (the original La Parka), who was the inspiration for the "<mask>" character. Throughout his career he has worked for most of the major Mexican wrestling promotions including Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) and the World Wrestling Association (WWA) but works primarily on the Mexican and US independent circuit. While he has been unmasked in Mexico, Ibarra still wears the "<mask>a" mask when wrestling in the United States. Professional wrestling career Remo Banda (1976–1990) Ibarra made his professional wrestling debut in 1976 under the ring name "Remo Banda", wrestling without a mask. Early in his career he also worked as the enmascarado "Rayo Norteno" ("Northern Lightning") but lost the mask in a Lucha de Apuesta, or bet match against El Pantera (not the current Pantera) on July 18, 1976.From then on he wrestled as Remo Banda. Volador (1990–1997) In late 1990 EMLL decided that it was time for Ramón Ibarra to work as an enmascarado again as they wanted to freshen his character up after having worked as "Remo Banda" for 14 years. Initially EMLL offered Ibarra the ring character and mask of Oro, but Ibarra turned the offer down since the mask had limited visibility due to the mesh over the eyes. EMLL found a young wrestler to play Oro while they created another mask and ring character for Ibarra called "Volador", the Spanish term for "Flyer", inspired by the Voladores of Mexico. Volador was teamed up with Ángel Azteca and together the team captured the Mexican National Tag Team Championship on March 9, 1991, when they defeated the team of Pierroth Jr. and Bestia Salvaje. The team held the championship for just 81 days before losing it to Los Destructores (Tony Arce and Vulcano) on May 29, 1991. Following the team loss Volador and Ángel Azteca broke up amicably, with each wrestler focusing on their own career from then on.In early 1992 Volador began teaming with a very talented young wrestler called Misterioso and together they won the Mexican National Tag Team title from Los Destructores on March 8, 1992. In mid-1992 EMLL booker Antonio Peña decided to break away from EMLL and form his own promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA; now known as Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide) and took a number of EMLL wrestlers with him, included in the exodus were Volador and Misterioso who took the Mexican National Tag Team Championship with them to AAA The team held the belts until August 28, 1992, where they lost them to Los Destructores as part of a rivalry that had carried over from EMLL to AAA. Volador and Misterioso regained the championship, but ultimately lost the title on February 12, 1993. Following the title loss the team started a storyline that saw the two turn on each other, with Misterioso becoming a Rudo (bad guy) as he attacked Volador. The storyline between the two played out over a long period of time, culminating in a Lucha de Apuesta match on July 15, 1995, where both men put their masks on the line. The event drew a crowd of 16,000 people to El Torero de Tijuana for a very profitable show. During the match Misterioso's cornerman Blue Panther attempted to injure Volador (in storyline terms) with a Martinete (piledriver).Misterioso came to the aid of his former friend, saving him from Blue Panther but ended up knocked out by a chair shot to the head. Out of respect for his former partner and in appreciation of what he had just done Volador dragged the unconscious Misterioso on top of himself and allowed the referee to count to three. Following the match Misteriosos pleaded with Volador not to remove the mask but Volador was a man of his word and unmasked. <mask>a (1997–present) In March 1997 Ramón Ibarra donned a new ring persona and mask, that of <mask>, a character inspired by his nephew Adolfo Tapia's very successful "La Parka" character. Going so far as to copying the mask and outfit except with an orange skeleton instead of a white and a large Superman "S" on the chest. Initially Ibarra wrestled as unmasked as Volador in AAA and masked as <mask> on the independent circuit. When Volador lost a Lucha de Apuesta match to Pimpinela Escarlata and had his hair shaved off he was suspended by the Mexico City Boxing and Wrestling Commission for breaking the rules set for masked wrestlers.The suspension was not lifted until Ibarra stopped wrestling as Volador and worked as <mask>a full-time. While he had worked for AAA as Volador, <mask> did not work for AAA mainly because they themselves had created a "La Parka clone" in La Parka, Jr. to take the original's place (La Parka was wrestling full-time in the US). In 1999 <mask> worked for International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) in Naucalpan, Mexico State where he defeated Pirata Morgan to win the IWRG Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship. He held the title for 23 days, the shortes reign for any IWRG Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion, before losing the belt to Scorpio, Jr. In September 1999 he introduced his son to the professional wrestling world as he helped Volador Jr. make his debut. In 2000 <mask>, along with <mask>, Halloween, and Damián 666 toured Japan, wrestling for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) in August and September 2000. <mask> would later return to AJPW, teaming with <mask>.In Mexico <mask> began to work for the Tijuana based World Wrestling Association around the turn of the millennia. On March 31, 2000, he defeated Halloween to win the WWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship. The reign WWA Junior Light Heavyweight Champion lasted until April 30, 2002, where he lost to <mask>. <mask> regained the title only a few months later and held it until June 2004, over 700 days, until he lost the title to <mask>. On October 9, 2003, <mask> was unmasked as he lost a Lucha de Apuesta match to El Hijo del Santo in the main event of a very successful WWA show in Tijuana. In 2005 <mask> had his hair shaved off when he lost to his nephew L.A. Park (forced to change his name for legal reasons) when they were the last two wrestlers left in a cage match that also included Dr. Wagner, Jr. and Perro Aguayo, Jr. In 2007 <mask> made several appearances for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; previously known as EMLL) as a freelance wrestler, paying off the fact that L.A. Park was one of CMLL's headline wrestlers at the time.In CMLL he lost two Lucha de Apuesta matches in quick succession being shaved bald by Héctor Garza and Último Guerrero. <mask> has subsequently stopped working for CMLL, working select dates for various Mexican or US wrestling promotions. When he wrestles in the United States he wears the <mask> mask, something that is not allowed in Mexico, while in Mexico he wears the mask to the ring, but removes it before the match to comply with the rules of Lucha Libre. On September 11, 2015, Ibarra returned to CMLL after an almost eight-year absence. He was originally set to team with his son Volador Jr. and his nephew L.A. Park, but Park was fired in the week leading up to the show for using profanity during a CMLL show. Instead of the Ibarra family trio <mask> teamed up with his son and Valiente for his CMLL return. A couple of months later <mask> began working a storyline feud against Negro Casas, one of CMLL's resident veteran rudos.The story line eventually led to the two captaining a team of three, facing off during the 2015 Infierno en el Ring. <mask> teamed with Máximo Sexy and Valiente while Casas teamed up with Kamaitachi and Bárbaro Cavernario. After <mask>'s team won the match both <mask> and Casas laid out a Lucha de Apuestas challenge, daring each other to put their hair on the line for a special "bet match" between the two. Moments later CMLL officials came to the ring to sign the contract for the following week's Sin Piedad ("No Mercy") show. Casas defeated <mask>, forcing <mask> to have all his hair shaved off as a result. Casas' nephew Puma helped his uncle win the match, much to the displeasure of Volador Jr. who was in his father's corner. Volador Jr. vowed to get revenge for what he described as the Casas family's cheating ways.Personal life Ramón Ibarra is a part of an extended family of wrestlers, including his son who wrestles as Volador Jr. and his grandson who works as Flyer. His brothers also wrestle, they're known under the ring names Johnny Ibarra and El Desalmado. His nephews are lucha libre legend L.A. Park and wrestler El Hijo de Cien Caras. He's also the great-uncle of L.A. Park's son who wrestles as El Hijo de L.A. Park. Championships and accomplishments Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide Mexican National Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Misterioso Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre Mexican National Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ángel Azteca International Wrestling Revolution Group IWRG Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (1 time) World Wrestling Association WWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times) Luchas de Apuestas record Notes References External links 1956 births Living people Masked wrestlers Mexican male professional wrestlers Professional wrestlers from Nuevo León

Melanie Blatt

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<mask> (born 25 March 1975) is an English singer-songwriter and actress. She rose to fame in 1997 as a member of the girl group All Saints. The group have gained five number one singles, two multi-platinum albums, two BRIT Awards and have sold over 10 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling girl groups of all time, and the second best-selling girl group in the UK. <mask>a and released her debut solo single "Do Me Wrong" in 2003. <mask> was later dropped by her record label, and her solo album was cancelled. In 2005, she made a return to music with her single "See Me", and began recording another album independently which was later shelved and cancelled in favour of the All Saints reunion. In 2013 and 2015, she was a judge on the television series The X Factor NZ.Early life <mask> was born at University College Hospital in the London Borough of Camden and is named after American country singer <mask>. She has a French mother and an English father, <mask> (known also as author of the book Manchester United Ruined My Wife), whose ancestors were from Poland and Russia and a younger sister named Jasmine. She was brought up in both the UK and France. In 1986, <mask> was diagnosed as having scoliosis. Since her parents were not satisfied with the treatment for the condition in the United Kingdom they decided to move to France, where a specialist inserted three metal rods in her back. <mask> went to Fitzjohn's Primary School where her musical talent was immediately noticed by the music teacher David Joyner, who encouraged her parents to send her to a stage school. In 1986, she attended the Sylvia Young Theatre School where she met Nicole Appleton.The two girls became best friends. During this period, <mask> also played young Eponine in Les Misérables for six months, and was the understudy for Cosette together with fellow Sylvia Young student Denise van Outen. Career 1993–2001: Career with All Saints In 1993, <mask> sang under the name <mask> in the band Drive with Julienne Davis. They released one single, "Curfew", together. She also did backing vocals for Dreadzone with Denise van Outen. Later that year, <mask> met Shaznay Lewis at the Metamorphosis recording studio in All Saints Road, London. Together, with Simone Rainford, they formed the group All Saints 1.9.7.5 which was later renamed to All Saints when Rainford left and Nicole and Natalie Appleton joined <mask> and Lewis.In 1997 All Saints released their debut single "I Know Where It's At", and peaked at number 4 in the UK. The same year the group released a second single "Never Ever, which introduced the group to international success after topping the charts in the UK and Australia, and reaching the top ten across Europe, Canada and the United States. The single sold over 1.2 million copies in the United Kingdom and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. The same year the group released their debut album All Saints, it reached number two in the United Kingdom and was certified platinum five times for sales of 1.5 million. The group gained a further two number one singles the following year: "Under the Bridge / Lady Marmalade" and "Bootie Call". In 2000 the group released new single "Pure Shores", which was used in the film The Beach and reached number one in the UK. The single was certified platinum for sales over 600,000 copies.The single was followed by their fifth number one single "Black Coffee", their second album Saints & Sinners was released shortly after and topped the chart in the United Kingdom. The album was eventually certified double platinum by the BPI for sales over 600,000. In early 2001, following the release of their single "All Hooked Up", the group split and reasons for this were later explained by Shaznay Lewis, who revealed details of tensions between the group. In 2000, <mask> appeared in the film Honest directed by Dave Stewart opposite Nicole and Natalie Appleton and in 2001 she played a small role in the independent British film Dog Eat Dog. 2002–06: Solo musical releases <mask>'s solo releases were of variable success; her most prominent being "TwentyFourSeven", a collaboration with the Artful Dodger, peaking at No 6 in September 2001. <mask> began recording on her debut solo album in 2002, working with numerous producers including Sony Music production team Xenomania. In late 2003 she released her debut single "Do Me Wrong", it reached number 18 in the UK and led to <mask> being dropped by her label due to its low charting.The album she was working on was scrapped, therefore the release of her upcoming single "Blue" was cancelled, but later included on British singer Amelia Lily's debut album Be a Fighter, on which she worked with Xenomania. In 2005 <mask> made a return to music with new single "See Me", which was used in the Robots movie. She began working on a new album with independent label Sowlen Ankle Ltd written with, and recorded by, Matt Hales from Aqualung. During 2005, <mask> played small venues in the UK which featured songs from the album she was working on at the time and included unreleased songs like "In Your Arms," "I Don't Mind," "Now You're Gone," "No Lullaby" and "Love Sweet Love." <mask>'s solo record was shelved in favour of the All Saints reunion. 2006–07: All Saints reunion On 24 January 2006, it was announced that the band had reformed and signed a record deal with Parlophone. They subsequently began work on their third studio album, Studio 1.The first single, "Rock Steady" (released in November 2006), reached number three on the UK Singles Chart. Studio 1 entered the albums chart at number forty and sold 60,000 copies according to the BPI, being certified silver. A second single, "Chick Fit" failed to reach the top 200. <mask> discussed the reunion's failure in an interview with i-D magazine in 2012: "I don't think it was done for the right reasons... I know that I did it for the money. We got signed before we had even made music again, it wasn't like we felt we had something to give back to the world... we were given an opportunity and took it, without really thinking about it too hard". She also said she never felt comfortable with the success the band had and that "it was not necessarily the plan at the beginning; there was a lot of compromise involved".2007–2014: Television Since 2007 <mask> presents the TV show The Hot Desk on ITV2 with co-hosts Nicole Appleton, Dave Berry, Emma Willis and Jayne Sharp. Between 2009 and 2010 she was reporter of Angela Griffin's show Angela and Friends. In January 2013 it was announced <mask> would join Daniel Bedingfield, Stan Walker and Ruby Frost as a judge/mentor on the New Zealand version of The X Factor: "I can't wait to see what kind of artists and voices we are going to find in New Zealand." <mask> will be mentoring the Groups category. It was reported that she and her daughter Lilyella will live in the country for the duration of the series. In February 2013, <mask> revealed she is "making music" and when asked about a solo comeback she said she is going to do something she never thought in a million years she would do. On 11 September 2014 MediaWorks announced both <mask> and Stan Walker would return to judge the second season of the X Factor NZ alongside returning host Dominic Bowden.<mask> and Walker would be joined by new husband-wife duo Willy Moon and Natalia Kills until their sacking, and replaced by Natalie Bassingthwaite and Shelton Woolwright. <mask> mentored the Over 25's and placed 5th with her contestant Steve Broad. 2014–present: Second All Saints reunion In 2014, All Saints reformed to support the Backstreet Boys for five dates across the UK and Ireland in 2014. On 27 January 2016, it was confirmed that All Saints will release their fourth studio album Red Flag on 8 April 2016. The lead single from the album, "One Strike", preceded the album on 26 February 2016. Personal life <mask> gave birth to daughter Lilyella on 20 November 1998, the father of whom is Stuart Zender, Jamiroquai's former bass player. They broke up in early 2006.Filmography Discography Singles Featured singles References External links 1975 births Living people All Saints (group) members English film actresses People from Camden Town English people of French descent English people of Polish descent English people of Russian descent Alumni of the Sylvia Young Theatre School <mask>, <mask> Feminist musicians Expatriates in New Zealand

Robert Wingfield (diplomat)

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Sir <mask> (c.1464 – 18 March 1539) was an English diplomat. Early life Born about 1464, he was the seventh son of Sir <mask> (1428–1481) of Letheringham, Suffolk, a member of the Privy Council of Edward IV, and Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, and Elizabeth Fitzlewis (d.1500), daughter of Sir John Fitzlewis of West Horndon, Essex, by Anne Montacute. <mask> and <mask> were his brothers. He was brought up by Anne, Lady Scrope, his stepmother. He first rose to favour under Henry VII when he fought with his brother Richard against the Cornish rebels in 1497. Diplomatic failure He was employed by Henry VII on a mission to the Emperor Maximilian, returning in January 1508. On 2 July 1509 he is mentioned as a knight, the occasion being a grant to him by Henry VIII, part of the forfeitures of Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk.Further grants followed, and on 10 February 1511 he is styled 'councillor and knight of the body.’ In the same month <mask> was despatched again on a mission to Maximilian, and in August following he and Silvester de Giglis, bishop of Worcester, were nominated ambassadors to a council convoked by Pope Julius II at the Lateran. The intention of the pope was to form a league against France, which Henry joined on 17 November The council was not actually opened till May 1512. <mask> remained with the Emperor at Brussels and elsewhere, and does not appear to have attended its sittings. On 30 Sep Maximilian, hearing that Julius II was ill, appointed <mask> and the bishop of Gurk his envoys to support the candidature of his nominee at Rome; but, exasperated at being left without money, <mask> unceremoniously disappeared from the court of Brussels, ostensibly on a pilgrimage, but in reality to join his brother Sir Richard at Calais. Meanwhile he had been ordered to go back to the Emperor, then in Germany, and on 9 March 1513 he was at the imperial court at Worms. On 18 April 1513 he was again at Brussels, on that day despatched back to the Emperor at Augsburg to secure his support for Henry VIII's scheme of a general confederation against France. As a reward for his services he had already (14 July) received a joint grant in survivorship with his brother Sir Richard of the office of Marshal of Calais.During the early autumn of 1513 he paid a brief visit to England, but in May 1514 he was at Vienna, asking for money and for his recall. The military success of the French in Italy in 1515 meant that Henry was even more eager to bring Maximilian in a confederacy against France. Maximilian on his part was ready to sell himself to the highest bidder. Thomas Wolsey, seeing the ambassador as duped by Maximilian, sent Richard Pace to act as a check on <mask>. An acrimonious correspondence ensued between Wolsey and <mask>. Pace, too, ridiculed <mask>'s credulity, as <mask> discovered by opening Pace's correspondence. He also feigned Pace's signature and seal to a receipt for money sent to Pace, and obtained sole control of its distribution.Maximilian dangled before Henry becoming Duke of Milan, with the resignation of the Empire in his favour. Henry in reply took Pace's advice and refused to provide any more money, and expressed his displeasure with <mask> for having advanced sixty thousand florins to the Emperor on his own responsibility. In the summer of 1516 Henry wrote to Wingfield a letter of censure. A treaty was, however, drawn up between Henry and the emperor, dated 29 October 1516, providing for a monetary advance by Henry, in return for the offer of the imperial crown, to be formally made by Wingfield and the Cardinal of Sion. Wingfield received the emperor's oath but then heard rumours that Maximilian had secretly subscribed to the obnoxious Treaty of Noyon. Wolsey, however, continued to employ Wingfield, and despatched him, together with Cuthbert Tunstall and the Earl of Worcester, to Brussels to negotiate with Charles (the future Emperor Charles V). The mission succeeded in obtaining from Charles on 11 May 1517 a ratification of Henry's treaty with the emperor of the previous October.<mask> left Brussels on 16 March to return to the imperial court, then in the Netherlands. On 5 June, having received instructions from Henry to follow Maximilian back to Germany, <mask> wrote to the king a point-blank refusal. He was unpaid, his servants refused to remain with him, and he was under vows to make pilgrimages in England. Return to diplomacy On 18 August 1517 he was at Wenham Hall, Suffolk. During the next two and a half years <mask> appears to have remained in retirement in England. In November 1520 he vacated his post of joint-deputy of Calais and apparently in December 1521 was appointed ambassador at Charles V's court. He was now not only a king's councillor but on the privy council, and vice-chamberlain.He arrived at Brussels on 8 February 1522. He apparently accompanied Charles to England in July. But on 14 Aug he again crossed the Channel as an ambassador, on this occasion to the court of Margaret of Savoy at Brussels. His instructions were to induce Margaret to lend active assistance to the projected operations of Charles and Henry against France. He returned to England in May 1523, but in August was appointed to a command in the Duke of Suffolk's army for the invasion of France. He seems to have taken no part in the campaign, remaining apparently in Calais, and he was appointed lieutenant of the castle by the influence of Wolsey. After the battle of Pavia (23 February 1525) preparations were made by Henry for an invasion of France.<mask> was nominated (11 April) to the council of war under the Duke of Norfolk, and was at the same time despatched, together with Sir William Fitzwilliam, to the court of Brussels to discuss concerted measures with the regent of the Netherlands. A series of evasive negotiations followed, and when Henry's projects of a joint invasion of France had given place to an alliance with the French (30 August), <mask> had explained the change of policy by talking about on the necessity of international peace for the extirpation of Lutheranism. Lord Deputy of Calais, and later In May 1526 he returned to Calais, and was appointed Lord Deputy on 1 October 1526. His reform led to much dissatisfaction, into which <mask> was in 1533 one of the commissioners appointed to inquire. In the autumn and winter of 1530–31 he expanded the defences. His successor, Lord Berners, was appointed deputy of Calais on 27 March 1531. <mask> continued to reside in Calais, of which he became mayor in 1534.He had a valuable property in the outskirts of the town, four thousand acres in extent, which he had rented from the English Crown; it had been a marsh, which Wingfield drained, so impairing the defences of the town. After the adverse report of a commission on the matter, the houses Wingfield had built were destroyed and the sea let in. Wingfield's grievance against Lord Lisle, who had succeeded Berners as deputy, culminated in a quarrel in December 1535 as to the relative rights of the mayor and deputy. The king supported Lisle, and <mask> was threatened with expulsion from the council. This was followed in July 1536 by the introduction of a bill into parliament for the revocation of Wingfield's grant. The bill passed the commons, but with difficulty, and was withdrawn, but Wingfield was persuaded to surrender his patent to the king on 25 July. In return Wingfield received a grant of lands in the neighbourhood of Guisnes.<mask>, however, now brought an action at Guisnes against minor officials concerned in the destruction of his property. Lisle stayed the proceedings, and <mask> retaliated by procuring the election of Lisle's enemy, Lord Edmund Howard, as mayor of Calais. Howard was, however, displaced, and <mask> in January 1538 renewed his action before the courts at Westminster. Marriages <mask> married firstly Eleanor Raynsford (d. before 4 July 1519), daughter of Sir William Raynsford of Bradfield, Essex, Marshal of Calais, by whom he had no issue. He married secondly Jane (or Joan) Poynings, one of the seven illegitimate children of Sir Edward Poynings (1459–1521) of Westenhanger, Kent, by whom he had no issue. She was the sister of Thomas Poynings, 1st Baron Poynings (d.1545), Edward Poynings (d.1546), and Sir Adrian Poynings. By her first marriage to Thomas Clinton, 8th Baron Clinton (d.1517), she was the mother of Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln (d.1585), Lord Admiral of England.Death <mask> died on 18 March 1539. His widow survived him. He was patron of the college of Rushworth or Rushford, Norfolk. In 1520 he was specially admitted at Lincoln's Inn. During the greater part of his life he was an opponent of Lutheranism, but on 25 February 1539, shortly before his death, he wrote Henry a letter praising his ecclesiastical policy and lamenting his own former ignorance. Works He is said by Anstis to have caused to be printed at Louvain about 1513 a book entitled Disceptatio super dignitate et magnitudine Regnorum Britannici et Gallici habita ab utriusque Oratoribus et Legatis in Concilio Constantiensi. Notes References Attribution External links <mask>, Sir <mask> (c.1470–1539), History of Parliament.Retrieved 26 April 2013 1464 births 1539 deaths 16th-century English diplomats 15th-century English people People from Suffolk Coastal (district) English knights Robert

Daniel Dorff

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<mask> (born March 7, 1956) is an American classical composer. Biography and career Dorff was born in New Rochelle, New York, and grew up in Roslyn, New York, graduating from Roslyn High School. He was first inspired to become a musician when he was a second grader at the Roslyn-Flower Hill Elementary School in Flower Hill, and was introduced to the recorder. Dorff graduated magna cum laude from Cornell University and earned his master's degree in composition from the University of Pennsylvania, studying composition with George Crumb, George Rochberg, Karel Husa, Henry Brant, Ralph Shapey, Elie Siegmeister, and Richard Wernick. Dorff served from 1996 through 2015 as composer-in-residence for Symphony in C (formerly The Haddonfield Symphony) in Camden, New Jersey (USA). His works have been commissioned by such ensembles as the Philadelphia Orchestra and Minnesota Orchestra, and performed by groups and individuals including the Baltimore Symphony, Eastman Wind Ensemble, flutists and clarinetists of the Chicago Symphony and Berlin Philharmonic, pianist Marc-André Hamelin, and flutists Jean-Pierre Rampal, Jasmine Choi, Denis Bouriakov, and frequent collaborator Cindy Anne Broz. He has also created arrangements for Sir James Galway and pop musicians Keith Emerson and Lisa Loeb.Dorff has written many frequently-performed recital works for woodwinds, and music for orchestra, concert band, piano, chorus, and chamber ensembles, including often-neglected instruments such as contrabassoon, piccolo, and tenor saxophone – the best-known of which are Sonatine de Giverny and Flash!, both for piccolo and piano. In addition to his compositional career, Dorff is a clarinetist and saxophonist and was bass clarinetist for the Haddonfield Symphony for 20 years prior to Alan Gilbert appointing him composer-in-residence. He frequently lectures on music engraving and notation, a subject in which he is expert. Dorff is currently vice president of publishing for music publisher Theodore Presser Company; his input has also been sought in the development of leading music notation software. Works Narrated works for young audiences Dorff has taken a particular interest in exposing young people to classical music; many of his works are written for young audiences, including Three Fun Fables, a setting for narrator and orchestra of familiar Aesop tales; Billy and the Carnival, a narrated guide to the instruments of the orchestra; Blast Off!, a travelog of a trip to outer space (the score to which was flown by NASA on the 100th mission of the Space Shuttle); and familiar stories such as Goldilocks and the Three Bears, The Three Little Pigs, and The Tortoise and the Hare, and Stone Soup: An Operatic Fable in One Delicious Act which has enjoyed well over 1000 performances. A Treeful of Monkeys for narrator and orchestra (or mixed quintet) Billy and the Carnival - A Children's Guide to Musical Instruments for narrator and orchestra Blast Off! for narrator and orchestra Goldilocks and the Three Bears for narrator and orchestra (or mixed octet) Old MacDonald Had an Orchestra for narrator and mixed quintet Take The Orchestra Out to the Ballgame for narrator and orchestra (or mixed quintet) The Adventures of Mary's Little Lamb for narrator and mixed quintet The Bear Went Under the Mountain for narrator mixed quintet The Three Little Pigs for narrator, violin, and cello The Tortoise and the Hare for narrator and orchestra (or mixed octet) Three Fun Fables for narrator and orchestra (or mixed octet) Selected chamber music Some chamber pieces composed by Dorff include: 9 Walks Down 7th Avenue for flute and piano Allegro Volante for xylophone and piano Andante con Variazioni for flute and clarinet April Whirlwind for flute and piano Atomic Turquoise for flute, C trumpet (or viola), and harp August Idyll for solo flute Ballade for alto flute, flugelhorn (or bass flute), and piano BFF's for Eb clarinet and Bb clarinet Cape May Breezes for wind quintet Dance Music for Mr.Mouse for Eb clarinet and piano Dark Romance for clarinet quartet Deep Funk, Part 2, Dance Sonata for solo viola Desert Dusk for alto flute and cello Fanfare and Hustle for brass quintet Fantasy, Scherzo and Nocturne for saxophone quartet Fast Walk for saxophone quartet or clarinet quartet or bassoon quartet Fireworks for flute orchestra Flash! for narrator and orchestra Concertino for flute and orchestra (or piano) Concerto for Contrabassoon with clarinet, horn, and strings Flash! (90002, distr. Harmonia Mundi), Gudrun Hinze piccolo, Markus Zügehor piano Flash! (private label), Kate Prestia-Schaub piccolo, Martin Kennedy piano Flash!

Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer

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<mask>-Karrenbauer (; born 9 August 1962), sometimes referred to by her initials of AKK, is a German politician who served as Minister of Defence from 2019 to 2021 and as Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 2018 to 2021. On 10 February 2020, Kramp-Karrenbauer announced that she would resign her position as CDU leader later in the year and would not put herself forward as a candidate for chancellor for the 2021 federal election. She was succeeded by Armin Laschet at the 2021 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election. Kramp-Karrenbauer previously served as secretary general of the party and as Minister President of Saarland from 2011 to 2018, the first woman to lead the Government of Saarland and fourth woman to head a German state government. Kramp-Karrenbauer is regarded as socially conservative, but on the CDU's left wing in economic policy and has been described as a centrist. She is an active Catholic and has served on the Central Committee of German Catholics. She is the second woman to hold the office of German defence minister.She was succeeded by Christine Lambrecht. In October 2021 she proposed for the use of nuclear weapons against Russia via a First-Strike capability as a deterrence against any "provocation" or aggression. She resigned from Parliament after the 2021 federal election. Life and education <mask> Kramp was born in the small town of Völklingen and grew up in neighbouring Püttlingen, both located on the Saar River and the border with France, midway between Saarlouis and Saarbrücken and around 40 kilometres from Luxembourg. Her father was a special education teacher and a headmaster. She graduated from high school in 1982 and considered becoming a school teacher, but decided to study politics and law at the University of Trier and at Saarland University, where she earned a master's degree in 1990. Early Political career <mask> Kramp-Karrenbauer joined the CDU while still in high school in 1981.In 1984 she was elected to the city council of Püttlingen, and in 1985 became chairwoman of the city's CDU association. From 1985 to 1988 she was also a member of the regional board of the Young Union in Saarland. From 1991 to 1998 she served as a policy and planning officer for the CDU in Saarland under environment minister Klaus Töpfer. In 1998, Kramp-Karrenbauer replaced Töpfer in the federal Bundestag, serving seven months before losing re-election in the SPD landslide the same year. In 1999, she was an advisor to Peter Müller, then chairman of the CDU parliamentary group in the Landtag of Saarland and later Minister-President. That same year she became a chairwoman of the Women's Union. State Minister 1999–2011 Kramp-Karrenbauer was elected to the Landtag of Saarland in 1999.She served as Minister of the Interior in the government of Peter Müller; the first woman to hold that office in Germany. She took on more responsibilities in 2004, and changed roles in 2007 following a cabinet reshuffle, becoming Minister of Education and again in 2009, becoming Minister of Labor in the so-called Jamaica coalition government. In 2008, she was elected chairwoman of the Kultusministerkonferenz. Throughout her time in state government, she also served at various times as minister responsible for women, sports, family, and culture. In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal election, Kramp-Karrenbauer was part of the CDU–CSU delegation in the working group on education and research policy, led by Annette Schavan and Andreas Pinkwart. Minister-President of Saarland 2011–2018 In 2011, after months of difficult negotiations with the coalition partners, the Free Democratic Party and The Greens, Kramp-Karrenbauer was elected Minister-President of the Saarland in a special session of parliament, replacing Müller, who resigned to become a judge at the Federal Constitutional Court. Shortly afterwards, she ended the coalition and triggered an election, blaming the party for "dismantling itself" and arguing that the three-party coalition had lost the necessary "trust, stability, and capacity to act".Kramp-Karrenbauer and the CDU won the state election soon afterwards, in what was widely regarded as the first electoral test of Chancellor Angela Merkel's crisis-fighting policy since the beginning of the European debt crisis; meanwhile, the FDP was ejected from the state parliament after taking just 1.2% of the vote. Under Kramp-Karrenbauer's leadership, the CDU won 40.7% of the vote in the 2017 state elections, up from 35.2% in 2012. While serving as Minister-President, Kramp-Karrenbauer, who speaks French, was also Commissioner of the Federal Republic of Germany for Cultural Affairs under the Treaty on Franco-German Cooperation between 2011 and 2014. She continued to be a member of the German-French Friendship Group that was set up by the upper chambers of the German and French national parliaments, respectively the Bundesrat and the Senate. Furthermore, as one of the state's representatives at the federal Bundesrat, she served on the Committee on Cultural Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Defence. Kramp-Karrenbauer was a CDU delegate to the Federal Convention to elect the president of Germany in 2012 and in 2017. She was also for a short time part of the CDU–CSU delegation's leadership team in the negotiations to form a "grand coalition" following the 2013 federal elections.She again played a role in the negotiations to form a fourth coalition government under Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2018, leading a working group on education policy alongside Stefan Müller, Manuela Schwesig and Hubertus Heil. As Minister-President of Saarland, Kramp-Karrenbauer promoted the French language, aiming to make the state fully bilingual in German and French and thus promote Saarland as a bicultural European region similar to neighbouring Luxembourg. While Saarland had rejoined Germany five years before Kramp-Karrenbauer's birth when a majority voted against becoming an independent state, it has a long history of association with France dating back to the late 18th century. Secretary General of the CDU, 2018 In February 2018, Merkel nominated Kramp-Karrenbauer as the new secretary general of the CDU. She was confirmed at the CDU party conference on 26 February, securing 98.87% of the vote. As secretary general, she managed the party and oversaw its election campaigns. She also embarked on a major listening tour of the country, holding more than 40 meetings with local CDU associations and working on a new political manifesto for the party.2018 CDU leadership election In October 2018, following bad results for the CDU/CSU in state elections in Bavaria and Hesse, Chancellor Merkel announced she would not stand for re-election as party leader in the CDU convention at the end of the year, triggering a leadership election. Former Bundestag leader of the CDU and businessman Friedrich Merz jumped into the race immediately while Health Minister Jens Spahn and Kramp-Karrenbauer announced their bids shortly after. Kramp-Karrenbauer was perceived to be Merkel's chosen heir and a continuation of her style and centrist ideology while Merz was an old rival from Merkel's early days as party leader and was very open about his intention to move the party in a more conservative direction. Nevertheless, the Chancellor did not state her preferences. As the vote approached, opinion polls showed that Kramp-Karrenbauer was favoured by CDU voters and the general public alike. The contest was held on 7 December and after coming out on top in the first round, Kramp-Karrenbauer narrowly defeated Merz in a run-off, becoming the new leader of the CDU. Leader of the CDU, 2018–2020 In the immediate aftermath of her election, surveys showed an increase in the CDU's vote share; however, it was short-lived.In the first months of her tenure, there were a series of gaffes and according to the press a failure to connect with voters. In the run-up to the 2019 European Parliament election, which was seen as her first major electoral test, the CDU's campaign was embroiled by a row between the party and YouTube personality Rezo. It was caused by a viral YouTube video posted by Rezo in which he called out the parties of the governing Grand Coalition (CDU/CSU and SPD) and urged viewers not to vote for them. Kramp-Karrenbauer reacted, stating that the electoral law should be changed to prevent social media personalities like Rezo from influencing the voters' choice in the midst of a campaign. The statement was harshly criticized as an attack on freedom of expression and damaged the image of Kramp-Karrenbauer among young people. Shortly afterwards, a Bloomberg report stated that Chancellor Merkel thought that her successor was not up to the job, further hindering her popularity. The European Elections resulted in the CDU's worst national showing ever, below 30%.After the underwhelming result, rumors emerged that some CDU politicians planned to shun Kramp-Karrenbauer and put up another Chancellor candidate for the next Bundestag election. Tilman Meyer, a political scientist at University of Bonn, told Focus that the mounting pressure on Kramp-Karrenbauer could lead to the CDU going into the next election with a more conservative candidate such as Friedrich Merz, a former CDU parliamentary leader, in response to the rise of the far-right. Kramp-Karrenbauer announced her resignation as leader of the CDU on 10 February 2020 as a result of the 2020 Thuringian government crisis. The former plan was that she would resign in the summer and her successor would be elected, but this was postponed to December due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Minister of Defence, 2019–2021 When Ursula von der Leyen was elected President of the European Commission in July 2019, Kramp-Karrenbauer succeeded her as Federal Minister of Defence in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel. This was the first time that she held a position in the federal government. For the 2021 elections, Kramp-Karrenbauer was later elected to lead the CDU campaign in Saarland.Shortly after having been elected, she announced her decision to step down from the parliament and instead make room for Markus Uhl who had failed to secure a seat. International crises In November 2020, Kramp-Karrenbauer stated that in the disputed territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh, "the first real drone war in human history has just been conducted between Azerbaijan and Armenia, with devastating consequences for the losing side." In April 2021, Kramp-Karrenbauer accused Russia of taking provocative actions with its troop buildup in Crimea and along its western border, while rejecting Russia's claim that it was responding to a massive NATO-led military exercise called Defender-Europe 21, one of the largest NATO-led military exercises in Europe in decades, which began in March 2021. In mid-2021, Kramp-Karrenbauer oversaw the German miliary's withdrawal from Afghanistan after almost two decades. In July 2021, she sent the frigate Bayern off on a seven-month voyage that will take it to Australia, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam, making it the first German warship to pass through the South China Sea since 2002. Armed forces During her time in office, Kramp-Karrenbauer publicly apologized to soldiers who for decades faced discrimination, discharge or convictions on the basis of their sexual orientation. In 2021, she successfully introduced legislation to rehabilitate those soldiers.In 2020, Kramp-Karrenbauer disbanded a company of the Special Forces Command (KSK) after police seized weapons and ammunition during a raid on the property of a KSK soldier. She later resisted calls for KSK to be disbanded altogether and instead pushed through the unit's reform. In June 2021, Kramp-Karrenbauer recalled 30 German soldiers from service at the NATO Enhanced Forward Presence in Lithuania, with ringleaders facing immediate dismissal, after an article in Der Spiegel accused them of making racist and anti-Semitic remarks and of sexual violence. Also in 2021, Kramp-Karrenbauer opened the Bundeswehr's first-ever Air and Space Operations Centre (ASOC) in Uedem, expanding Germany's existing space situation center into the new structure. Popularity During Kramp-Karrenbauer's tenure as Minister-President of Saarland, she had constantly high approval ratings in the low to mid-70's among her constituents. She was the most popular politician in Saarland according to Infratest dimap from November 2010 until her departure as Minister-President. Kramp-Karrenbauer was considered one of the most popular state government leaders nationwide.When entering federal politics, Kramp-Karrenbauer had a positive net approval rating from her election as CDU General Secretary in February 2018 until March 2019, just shortly after having been elected as Leader of the Christian Democratic Union. Her nationwide popularity peaked in January 2019, when she had a net approval of +17% and was seen as second-most popular politician overall. There was then a sharp decline in her popularity following gaffes and electoral defeats for the Christian Democrats in several elections. As of February 2020, she is one of the least popular German politicians. Political positions Domestic policies Kramp-Karrenbauer is perceived as a moderate or centrist Christian Democrat. She has been described as socially conservative, but on the CDU's left wing in economic policy. She is regarded as more conservative than Angela Merkel.Nevertheless, in the German press, her often used nickname during her party leadership was "Mini-Merkel", reflecting both her size and her political views. Kramp-Karrenbauer opposes same sex marriage, having compared it to incest and polygamy. However, when the Mayor of Hamburg Olaf Scholz submitted a motion for a mandatory gender quota for supervisory boards to the Bundesrat in 2012, Kramp-Karrenbauer joined the state governments controlled by the Social Democrats (the SPD), voting in favour of the draft legislation; in doing so, she supported an initiative opposed by Merkel and state governments controlled by the CDU. Amid her party's campaign for the 2013 federal elections, Kramp-Karrenbauer suggested Germany return to a top income tax rate of more than 53%, setting off a fierce debate in her party. In her view, Merkel's predecessor Gerhard Schröder had gone too far in reducing the top rate from 53% to 42% in the 1990s. In May 2014, she was among leading members of Merkel's CDU who called for reductions to offset fiscal drag—the automatic increases in the tax-take that occur as inflation and income growth push wage-earners further into their marginal higher tax-bracket. When the Federal Constitutional Court ruled in favour of tax equality for same-sex couples in 2013, Kramp-Karrenbauer voiced her concerns about also granting full adoption rights for same-sex couples, stating: "The traditional family unit is the core of not only Germany but all nations".In 2015, she caused a public controversy by arguing that "if we open up [the definition of marriage] to become a long-term responsible partnership between two adults, then other demands can't be ruled out, such as a marriage between close relatives or between more than two people". For the 2021 national elections, Kramp-Karrenbauer endorsed Armin Laschet as the Christian Democrats' joint candidate to succeed Chancellor Angela Merkel. Foreign policy Kramp-Karrenbauer criticised the German-supported Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline that would allow Germany to effectively double the amount of gas it imports from Russia, saying that Nord Stream 2 "is not just an economic project but a political one". In January 2019, U.S. Ambassador to Germany Richard Grenell sent letters to German companies involved in the construction of Nord Stream 2, threatening CAATSA sanctions. In response, Kramp-Karrenbauer stated that "the American ambassador operates in a, shall I say, somewhat unusual diplomatic manner." Kramp-Karrenbauer has supported arms exports to Saudi Arabia, which has been waging war in Yemen and was condemned for massive human rights violations.Kramp-Karrenbauer accused the Social Democrats (SPD) of jeopardising German industry and jobs, saying that, with Germany's ban on arms exports to Saudi Arabia, "Germany is not very credible at the moment" in European security and defence policy and was "making common European projects practically impossible". In late 2020, Kramp-Karrenbauer proposed that the European Union should try again to reach a trade agreement with the United States after the elections. In October 2021, Kramp-Karrenbauer had talked about the possibility of deploying nuclear arms against Russia. Migrants and refugees Kramp-Karrenbauer supports stricter immigration policies. Kramp-Karrenbauer supported Angela Merkel's refugee policies and her decision to let migrants into Germany in 2015–2016, many fleeing wars in the Middle East, but demanded more toughness in some cases. At the beginning of 2016, she declared herself against a unilateral closure of German borders, since she feared a break-up of the European Union. In December 2017, Kramp-Karrenbauer remarked: "Bei unbegleiteten Minderjährigen sollte eine verbindliche Altersprüfung eingeführt werden."(A mandatory age investigation should be initiated for all unaccompanied minors.) She said refugees may often provide a false age in order to be treated as youths rather than adult asylum-seekers. She added, "Jemand, der seine Identität verschleiert oder Papiere vernichtet hat, muss mit harten Konsequenzen rechnen." (Anyone who conceals their identity or has destroyed papers must face harsh consequences.) According to her, data sources like mobile phones should be checked, in order to establish a person's identity. Furthermore, instead of carrying out deportations with commercial airplanes, she said it may be necessary to use their separate aircraft. She demanded in November 2018 that after expulsion offenders must be refused re-entry for life, not only to Germany but also throughout the Schengen area, and cited the 2018 gang rape in Freiburg as an example.Personal life Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer is a Roman Catholic. She is married to Helmut Karrenbauer, a retired mining engineer, with whom she has three children, born in 1988, 1991 and 1998; they live in the city of Püttlingen. Kramp-Karrenbauer is an avid reader and speaks French.

Mieszko IV Tanglefoot

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<mask> IV Tanglefoot () (c. 1130 – 16 May 1211) was Duke of Kraków and High Duke of Poland from 9 June 1210 until his death one year later. He was also Duke of Silesia from 1163 to 1173 (with his brother as co-ruler), Duke of Racibórz from 1173, and Duke of Opole from 1202. His nickname "Tanglefoot" (Plątonogi) appeared in the chronicles from the 14th and 15th centuries. From Rocznik Sędziwoja, annals written in the mid-fifteenth century, the entry for the year 1192: "Cracovia civitas devastata est a Mescone loripede dicto Platonogy nepote ducis Kazimiriensis filio Wladislai exulis" (en: "The city of Kraków was devastated by <mask> the bandy-legged, called Platonogy, nephew of Duke Casimir, son of Władysław the Exile"). Early life <mask> was the second son of Władysław II the Exile and Agnes of Babenberg. From 1146, after the deposition of his father, <mask> and his family mainly lived in the town of Altenburg in Saxony, which was granted as a temporary possession to Władysław II by Agnes's half-brother King Conrad III of Germany. During his time in exile, <mask> studied in Michaelsberg and Bamberg.The exile for the deposed high duke turned out to be permanent; he died in Altenburg in 1159. His sons continued the fight to recover their inheritance, and finally three years later, in 1163, and thanks to the intervention of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, <mask> and his older brother Bolesław I the Tall returned to Silesia. Duke of Racibórz <mask> and Bolesław I the Tall co-ruled the Duchy of Wrocław during the period 1163–1173. At first, their rule did not extend over the major Silesian cities, which remained under the control of Bolesław <mask> Curly, then the high duke of Poland. The brothers retook them in the year 1165, taking advantage of Bolesław <mask>'s involvement in a crusade against the Prussians. Eventually, <mask> began efforts to obtain his own Duchy, in part because his older brother Bolesław took all the government into his hands and left little participation for <mask> there. In 1172, <mask> began an open rebellion against his brother.He also supported Bolesław's eldest son, Jarosław, who was forced to become a priest thanks to the intrigues of his stepmother Christina, who wished for her sons to be the only heirs. The rebellion was a complete surprise to Bolesław, who was forced to escape to Erfurt, Germany. However, the intervention of the Emperor favored the return of Bolesław soon afterwards, but he was forced to give separate lands to both <mask> (who received Opole). Bytom and Oświęcim In 1177 <mask> supported his uncle and namesake <mask> III the Old when he had to fight to maintain his rule over the Duchy of Kraków. This renewed the disputes between him and Bolesław I the Tall, who wished to obtain the Duchy and with this the Seniorate. However, Bolesław suffered an unexpected defeat by <mask> and his own son Jarosław, who distracted him from his advance over Kraków. In his place was his younger uncle and ally, Casimir II the Just, who captured the city and was proclaimed the new High Duke of Poland.<mask> III the Old found himself in exile in Racibórz and it seemed that a war between <mask> Tanglefoot and Casimir II the Just was now just a matter of time. Casimir II, however, went a different route, and in order to gain the favor of the Duke of Racibórz, gave him the towns of Oświęcim and Bytom (with the fortress of Oświęcim, Bytom, Mikołów, Siewierz and Pszczyna, although some historians estimate that these fortress had belonged to Mieszko only since 1179). On the other hand, Bolesław the Tall suffered a further diminution of his authority when he was compelled to give Głogów to his youngest brother Konrad, who had recently returned from Germany and claimed his part over the Silesian inheritance. In 1195 <mask> and his nephew Jarosław supported <mask> III the Old in his new attempt to recover Kraków and the Seniorate. The death of Casimir II the Just and the minority of his sons gave them the opportunity to attack and regain control over Lesser Poland. However, Kraków and the nobility of Sandomierz, led by the voivode Nicholas, had other plans and decided to support Casimir II's eldest son, Leszek the White. Both sides clashed in the bloody Battle of Mozgawa (Mozgawą) near Jędrzejów (13 September 1195), where <mask> III was seriously injured and his son Bolesław of Kuyavia died.The Silesian troops, led by <mask> and Jarosław, arrived to the battlefield too late, soon after <mask> III withdrew to Kalisz. Over the forces of the Count palatine , who also arrived to help Leszek's troops, the Silesians obtained a great victory; however, because <mask> III was not present, this victory only brought them benefits in terms of prestige and the ransoms obtained from captured Sandomierz nobles. Duke of Opole On 22 March 1201 Jarosław of Opole died. The Duchy of Opole was then inherited by his father Bolesław the Tall, with whom the late duke had recently reconciled. However, Bolesław died only nine months later, on 7/8 December 1201, leaving all his lands to only surviving son, Henry the Bearded. <mask> was determined to obtain Opole and made a surprise attack at the beginning of 1202. The Duke managed to obtain Opole, which was from then on definitively joined to his lands.Despite this victory, <mask> wanted additional territories, but this was against the wishes of the Church, which strongly supported Henry I the Bearded. Thanks to the intervention of Henryk Kietlicz, Archbishop of Gniezno, and Cyprian, Bishop of Wroclaw, Henry I maintained his frontiers, but he had to pay 1000 pieces of silver to his supporters. High Duke of Poland On 9 June 1210, a papal bull was decreed by Pope Innocent III, under which all of the seniorate rulers (included High Duke Leszek the White) were deposed and excommunicated. The bull demanded that the Piast princes adhere to the testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth, which proposed that the most senior of the Piast dukes is the ruler in the seniorate. Strangely, in the bull an unnamed duke of Silesia (who was assumed to be Henry the Bearded, because he actually used that title) was exempted from the ban. The country was full of consternation, because nobody knew who had real power. Archbishop Henryk Ketlicz decided to call the , where he tried to find a solution to this delicate issue.At the convention, in addition to the hierarchy of the Church, Henry I the Bearded and the other junior dukes attended. Leszek the White, wanting to ensure the support of the Church, along with other Piast princes, then gave a great privilege, which ensured the integrity of territorial possession of the bishops (the privilege was not signed by Henry I and Władysław III Spindleshanks, but they did comply with the provisions established there). <mask>, however, was not present in Borzykowa; with the support of the Gryfici family, he decided to lead his army and march into Kraków, where the confusion among the citizens left him in total control over the capital without fighting. This was the zenith of <mask>'s career, as he died less than one year later, on 16 May 1211. According to Jan Długosz, he was probably buried in the Cathedral of Kraków (Wawel Cathedral). Only after <mask>'s death could Leszek the White return to Kraków without major difficulties. Marriage and issue By 1178, <mask> married Ludmila (died after 20 October 1210), whose origins are unknown.Her name indicates that she may have a Bohemian origin, probably a member of the Přemyslid dynasty. According to the majority of historians, she could be the daughter of , Duke of Olomouc, by his wife . There are also minority hypotheses that put her as a daughter of Duke Soběslav I of Bohemia; ; or , son of Otto III Detleb (who would be her brother according to the majority opinion). <mask> and Ludmila had five children: Casimir I (b. ca. 1179/80 – d. 13 May 1230). Ludmilla (d. 24 January aft. 1200).Agnes (d. 9 May aft. 1200). Euphrosyne (d. 25 May aft. 1200). Ryksa (d. aft. 24 September 1239). Notes References Further reading Rajman Jerzy, <mask> Plątonogi, See also History of Poland (966–1385) Dukes of Silesia History of Silesia 1130s births 1211 deaths Year of birth uncertain 13th-century Polish monarchs Dukes of Opole Dukes of Wrocław Polish Roman Catholics

Can Xue

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Deng Xiaohua (; born May 30, 1953), better known by her pen name <mask> (), is a Chinese avant-garde fiction writer and literary critic. Her family was severely persecuted following her father being labeled a rightist in the Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957. Her writing, which consists mostly of short fiction, breaks with the realism of earlier modern Chinese writers. She has also written novels, novellas, and literary criticisms of the work of Dante, Jorge Luis Borges, and Franz Kafka. <mask> has been described as "China’s most prominent author of experimental fiction", and some of her fiction has been translated and published in English. Life Deng Xiaohua was born in 1953, in Changsha, Hunan, China. Her early life was marked by a series of tragic hardships which influenced the direction of her work.She was one of six children born to a man who was once the editor-in-chief of the New Hunan Daily (). Her parents, like many intellectuals at the time, were denounced as rightists in the Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957. Her father was sent to the countryside for two years in retribution for allegedly leading an anti-Communist Party group at the paper. Two years later, the entire family was evicted from the company housing at the newspaper and moved to a tiny hut below the Yuelu Mountain, on the rural outskirts of Changsha. In the years that followed, the family suffered greatly under further persecution. Her father was jailed, and her mother was sent along with her two brothers to the countryside for re-education through labor. Deng was allowed to remain in the city because of her poor health.After being forced to leave the small hut, she lived alone in a small, dark room under a staircase. By the time of the Cultural Revolution, Deng was thirteen years old. Her formal education was permanently disrupted after completing primary school. <mask>e describes the horrors of her youth in detail in her memoirs titled "A Summer Day in the Beautiful South" which is included as the foreword to her short story collection Dialogues in Paradise. Throughout this period, her entire family “struggled along on the verge of death.” Her grandmother, who raised her while her parents were gone, soon succumbed to hunger and fatigue, dying with severe edema, a grotesque swelling condition. While the family was forced to scavenge food, eventually eating all of the wool clothes in the house, <mask>e contracted a severe case of tuberculosis. Later, she was able to find work as a metalworker.Ten years later, in 1980, after giving birth to her first son, she quit work at the factory. She and her husband then started a small tailoring business at home after teaching themselves to sew. She began writing in 1983, and published her first short story Soap Bubbles in Dirty Water (污水上的肥皂泡) in January 1985 and then two other short stories, The Bull (公牛) and The Hut on the Hill (山上的小屋) in 1985, at which point she chose the pen name <mask>e. This pen name can be interpreted either as the stubborn, dirty snow left at the end of winter or the remaining snow at the peak of a mountain after the rest has melted. Publishing under a pen name allowed <mask>e to write without revealing her gender. According to Tonglin Lu (a Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Montreal) once critics found out she was a woman, her “subversive voice within the supposedly subversive order [of avant-garde fiction]” made them uncomfortable. (Tonglin Lu coined this "double subversion.")Not only was she writing avant-garde fiction, but she was also a woman—so male writers and critics attempted to analyze her works by psychoanalysis of the author, and some even went so far as to suggest she was certifiably insane. In 2002, she said, "Lots of [the critics] hate me, or at least they just keep silent, hoping I'll disappear. No one discusses my works, either because they disagree or don't understand.” More recently, however, many critics have paid tribute to her work, drawn to the careful precision she uses to create such a strange, unsettling effect on the reader. Work <mask>e's abstract style and unconventional narrative form attracted a lot of attention from critics in the 1990s. A variety of interpretations of her work have been published, but political allegory has been the most popular way of understanding her early short stories. Many of the images in her stories have been linked to the Cultural Revolution, the Anti-rightist Movement and other turbulent political movements of the early People's Republic of China. However, direct references to these events are uncommon.The author herself explicitly denies most forms of political commentary others claim to have found in her work, stating once in an interview, "There is no political cause in my work." On the contrary, <mask>e says she treats each story as a kind of life experiment in which she is the subject. “In very deep layers,” she says, “all of my works are autobiographical.” As for those who struggle to find meaning in her stories, <mask>e says, "If a reader feels that this book is unreadable, then it's quite clear that he's not one of my readers." <mask>e has also written part of the libretto for at least one opera. In 2010, <mask> and Lin Wang ( web) co-wrote the libretto for a contemporary chamber opera Die Quelle (The Source) commissioned to Lin Wang by Münchener Biennale. The opera is based on <mask>e's published short story ″the Double Life″. In this opera, a young artist named Jian Yi was deconstructed into different aspects played by different roles.They crosstalk to each other on stage; drying and bubbling-up of the spring symbolize loss and regain of one's own identity. Lin Wang composed the music for Die Quelle (85' in length). Chinese instruments Sheng, Guzheng and Sanxian were used. An unusual feature is combination of English pronunciation and Chinese intonation in this opera. Die Quelle was premiered on May 9, 2010 in Munich Biennale and broadcast live. Reception Amanda DeMarco stated that the extent to which <mask>e's work is radical is overstated. DeMarco also claims the animals in Frontier "appear in such wild profusion that it would be impossible to assign them a symbology.<mask>e’s writing is not metaphorical in this sense. There is no organized system of correspondence or meaning within it that would allow individual elements to be explained back into the realm of the logical. Often her works are compared to performances, to dance, or to visual art." However, the reviewer still described the experience of reading the author's books as rewarding, explaining that the tools of literature used in experimental writing to chart the human being extend beyond the capacities of language as logic. DeMarco said that at "the sentence level, [Frontier] is a wonderful, carefully hewn thing, lucid and pure". American novelist and editor Bradford Morrow has described her as one of the most "innovative and important" authors in contemporary world literature. Bibliography As of 2009, <mask>e had published a total of three novels, fifty novellas, 120 short stories, and six book-length commentaries.Only a few volumes of fiction, mostly short stories, have been translated into English. Novels 突围表演 (1988); later published as 五香街 (2002). Five Spice Street, translated by Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping (Yale, 2009). 最后的情人 (2005). The Last Lover, translated by Annelise Finegan Wasmoen (Yale, 2014). 边疆 (2008). Frontier, translated by Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping (Open Letter, 2017).新世纪爱情故事 (2013). Love in the New Millennium, translated by Annelise Finegan Wasmoen (Yale, 2018). Novellas 苍老的浮云 (1986). Old Floating Cloud. 黄泥街 (1987). Yellow Mud Street. 种在走廊上的苹果树 (1987).Apple Tree in the Corridor. Short story collections 天堂里的对话 (1988). Dialogues in Paradise, translated by Ronald R. Janssen and Jian Zhang (Northwestern, 1989). Compilations in English Old Floating Cloud: Two Novellas, translated by Ronald R. Janssen and Jian Zhang (Northwestern, 1991). Compiles Yellow Mud Street and Old Floating Cloud. The Embroidered Shoes, translated by Ronald R. Janssen and Jian Zhang (Henry Holt, 1997). Blue Light in the Sky and Other Stories, translated by Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping (New Directions, 2006).Vertical Motion, translated by Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping (Open Letter, 2011). I Live in the Slums, translated by Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping (Yale, 2020). Purple Perilla, translated by Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping (Isolarii, Common Era Inc., 2021). Compiles “An Affair”, “Mountain Ants” and “Purple Perilla”. Awards and honors 2015 Best Translated Book Award, winner, The Last Lover, translated from the Chinese by Annelise Finegan Wasmoen References External links MIT Contemporary Chinese Writers: <mask>e Chinese literary critics Writers from Changsha 1953 births Living people Chinese women short story writers International Writing Program alumni Chinese women novelists People's Republic of China novelists People's Republic of China short story writers Short story writers from Hunan 20th-century pseudonymous writers 21st-century pseudonymous writers Pseudonymous women writers

Julio César Cáceres

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<mask> (; born 5 October 1979 in San José de los Arroyos, Paraguay) is a Paraguayan football manager and former player who played as a defender. He is the current manager of Olimpia. <mask> played in the Paraguayan national team for nearly 11 years, being part of the 2002, 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cup squads. Career Olimpia Cáceres' first club was Primera División de Paraguay club, Olimpia, where he helped the club become Paraguayan champions twice. 1998 On 12 April 1998, Caceres debuted for Olimpia aged 18 in a 1–0 loss against Guaraní. 1999 In 1999, after winning the Apertura tournament, and finishing third in the Clausura tournament they were crowned champions with a 4–2 aggregate win over Cerro Porteño in the National championship game. In the 1999 season, teammates in the Olimpia squad were Denis Caniza, Ruben Maldonado, Carlos Humberto Paredes, Gustavo Neffa, Roque Santa Cruz and Richart Baez.2000 In 2000 they again won the Apertura tournament, and also won the Calusura tournament, thus were crowned champions. 2002 He was also part of the team that won the Copa Libertadores in 2002. Cáceres played in both legs of the 2002 Copa Libertadores Final as Olimpia defeated Brazilian club São Caetano in July. As Copa Libertadores winners, Olimpia faced Real Madrid in Yokohama in the 2002 Intercontinental Cup which they lost 2-0 as Caceres played an entire 90 minutes of the match. 2003 Caceres was part of the Olimpia team which then won the Recopa Sudamericana in 2003. 2004 On 24 May 2004, Caceres played his last game for Olimpia. Caceres had played in 91 league games, converting 6 goals.He also played 32 games internationally for the club, which included matches in the Copa Libertadores, Copa Mercosur, the Intercontinental Cup and the Recopa Sudamericana.Caceres earned two Primera División Paraguaya league titles, one Copa Libertadores title and one Recopa Sudamericana title. Nacional Asunción In June 2004, Caceres briefly signed for Nacional Asunción prior to transferring to Nantes in France. Nantes In 2004, he signed for French Ligue 1 club Nantes. Caceres initially joined Nantes on a one-year provisional transfer issued by FIFA, due to a dispute between Olimpia Asunción and Cáceres at the time of still being in the team roster at Nacional Asunción. He made his league debut on 14 August 2004 in a 1–1 draw with Bastia. However, he later suffered an injury and did not play for several months. By the time he had recovered, Nantes had a new coach who did not play Cáceres.Loan to Mineiro e was loaned to Brazilian Brasileirão club Atlético Mineiro for the 2005 season. His league debut came on 11 September 2005, a 2–0 defeat to Botafogo. He made fourteen league appearances, scoring two goals. However, the club finished in 20th place and were relegated to Brasileiro Série B. Loan to River Plate In January 2006, he moved to Argentina, signing for River Plate on loan, where he quickly became a key player and squad captain. He made his league debut in a 5–0 win at Tiro Federal on 29 January. He was also a part of the River Plate team that reached the quarter-finals of the 2006 Copa Libertadores.In July 2006, River Plate decided not to buy the transfer of Caceres and that he would be sold by his owner club, Nantes, to a Mexican club. Loan to Gimnàstic Later in 2006 he spent two months in Spain, from October to December, with Catalan club Gimnàstic de Tarragona in La Liga where he made eleven league appearances. UANL Tigres In January 2007 Cáceres moved to Mexico when he was signed by Tigres, with whom he maintained a regular starting position. He made his league debut in a 2–1 defeat at Tecos on 20 January 2007 and scored his first goal for the club on 3 March in a 3–2 win over Chiapas. He made a total of 32 league appearances, scoring two goals. Boca Juniors In January 2008 he moved again to Argentina, signing for Boca Juniors. He made his league debut on 10 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with Rosario Central.On 14 May he scored Boca's first goal as they were held to a 2–2 home draw by Mexican club Atlas in the quarter-finals of the 2008 Copa Libertadores In October 2008 Cáceres had a very public conflict with Boca teammate Juan Román Riquelme, when in an interview on a Paraguayan radio station in Asunción, where he was training with his national team, Cáceres questioned Riquelme's motivation. He claimed that "In some matches, he is apparently running and in others he is passive. He seems to be mentally saturated. He seems to have more motivation when he plays for his country." However, Riquelme responded in a telephone interview on the Fox Sports cable channel, saying "He doesn't know what I feel for the club. I take part in pre-match concentration just like the other players and I didn't have a holiday because I chose to play in the (Olympic) Games. When we won the gold, I ran to the airport so I could play in the (Recopa Sudamericana 2008) final."And adding, "These things should be kept in the dressing-room, he's broken all the codes of football." However, after Boca won the Superclásico derby match over Buenos Aires rivals River Plate 1–0 at El Monumental on 21 October 2008, Cáceres said that the conflict "has been left behind", adding that the relationship between the two players had improved. Caceres scored his first goal for Boca Juniors in a 2–1 win against Lanus 30 August 2009. Atletico Mineiro In January 2010 Cáceres left Boca Juniors to join Atlético Mineiro of Brazil. Return to Olimpia On 14 January 2011 Cáceres returned to his first professional club Olimpia from Atletico Mineiro when he signed a two-year contract. Second return to Olimpia In July 2018, Caceres re-joined Olimpia at age 38 after five and a-half seasons with Guaraní, informing that he wanted to be champion with Olimpia and then retire. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, Caceres performed his training routine from home.In October 2020, at 41 years of age, Caceres commented that he wanted to retire during the Torneo Apertura but was unable to, and that he would retire at the end of the year. Coaching career In June 2021, Última Hora announced that Cáceres would become reserve-team coach at Olimpia Asunción. International career In 2000, Caceres represented Paraguay U23 at the 2000 CONMEBOL Men Pre-Olympic Tournament. Cáceres made his international debut in April 2002 against England. He currently has 30 caps and has scored four goals for Paraguay. He played in both the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals and the 2006 FIFA World Cup. On 8 June 2005 he scored Paraguay's third goal as they beat Bolivia 4–1 at the Estadio Defensores del Chaco, Asunción in a South American qualification match for the 2006 World Cup.In 2007, he played in the Copa América He played in all seven matches for Paraguay of the first rounds in the South American qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Honours Olimpia Paraguayan Primera División (2): 1999, 2000 Copa Libertadores (1): 2002 Recopa Sudamericana (1): 2003 Boca Juniors Recopa Sudamericana (1): 2008 Argentine Primera División (1): 2008 Apertura Atlético Mineiro Campeonato Mineiro (1): 2010 References External links Profile at footballdatabase.com Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI 1979 births Living people Paraguayan footballers Association football defenders Paraguayan expatriate footballers Club Olimpia footballers Clube Atlético Mineiro players Club Atlético River Plate footballers Expatriate footballers in Argentina Expatriate footballers in Brazil Expatriate footballers in Mexico La Liga players Gimnàstic de Tarragona footballers Expatriate footballers in Spain FC Nantes players Ligue 1 players Expatriate footballers in France Tigres UANL footballers Boca Juniors footballers Paraguay international footballers 2002 FIFA World Cup players 2006 FIFA World Cup players 2007 Copa América players 2010 FIFA World Cup players Argentine Primera División players Paraguayan football managers Club Olimpia managers

Esther Morales

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<mask> (13 November 1949 – 16 August 2020) was a Bolivian grocer, small businessperson and public figure. In 2006, she was designated to the role of First Lady of Bolivia by her younger brother, then-President of Bolivia <mask>, who was unmarried. Biography <mask> was born in Orinoca, Oruro Department, on 13 November 1949, to a family from the indigenous Aymara people. One of seven children born to <mask> and María Ayma Mamani, only <mask> and two of her siblings, Evo and Hugo, survived past childhood. She was originally supposed to named "<mask>", but her father decided to name her <mask> at the last minute. (Likewise, her brother, <mask>, was supposed to be called "Evaristo" before their father changed his mind.) Her family were farmers and <mask> spent her youth farming and herding llamas.<mask>, who had to leave elementary school when she was just 8-years old, was also responsible for raising her younger brothers, including Evo, when their mother died. Later in life, then-President Evo <mask> said that he viewed her as his own mother. <mask> continued to work in agriculture into adulthood. She eventually moved to Oruro, Bolivia, where she sold groceries and llama meat from a small store located in her home. <mask> married Ponciano Willcarani, a musician, with whom she had three children - Ademar, Marcelo, and Roger. In December 2005, her brother, Evo <mask>, was elected president of Bolivia. President Evo <mask> was unmarried throughout his presidency and questions arose if Bolivia would have an acting first lady, or its equivalent.Shortly before his 2006 presidential inauguration, <mask> pointedly told reporters that "la primera dama es Bolivia", ("the first lady is Bolivia"), when asked about the position during a visit to Chapare. Still, in January 2006, he announced that his older sister, <mask>, who was still working as a small scale grocer at the time, would assume the role of acting First Lady of Bolivia for official functions and protocol events. <mask>, then 55-years old, appeared at her first event as Bolivia's first lady-designate on 21 January 2006, one day before her brother's inauguration, when she visited Tiwanaku, a historic Pre-Columbian indigenous site near Lake Titicaca. On 8 March 2006, <mask> closed her store in Oruro and traveled by bus to the Casa Grande del Pueblo in La Paz to attend a presidential ceremony honoring Bolivian women. She told reporters at the event, "They told me it's my first official function, although I haven't been confirmed as First Lady yet... I've been having to learn all the protocol. I don't think I'll ever wear make-up or high heels.They'll just have to take me as I am." She also spoke of wanting to meet U.S. President George W. Bush, a frequent critic of President <mask> and his policies, "I don't think [President George] Bush likes us. But I would like to meet him... I want to help all the poor people who live in America too. I always thought everyone there was rich. But now I've heard that's not true." Observers noted that the appointment of his sister to acting First Lady indicated that President <mask> wanted to focus on the poor and Indigenous peoples in Bolivia.The Daily Telegraph wrote in March 2006 that, "Her elevation is a strong indication that her brother aims to define his period in power as the peasant presidency. Dona <mask> is expected to represent the feminine side of his project, to become a mother figure to the poor." Average Bolivians were quick to embrace <mask> as the country's new first lady, though there was some resistance to <mask>' position from members of the <mask> government and critics within the ruling Movement for Socialism (MAS) party. She dismissed this criticism saying, "They don't want me there watching for the ones who are corrupt." <mask> spoke of her excitement at the prospect of official travel to represent Bolivia abroad, though she admitted she had much to learn in-role. Speaking of a forthcoming official trip to South Korea, she explained, "I didn't know there was a North and South. I thought it was all one thing."In the 2000s and 2010s, <mask> actively participated in official domestic and international events as acting first lady in support of her brother's government. She met with foreign dignitaries, traveled to South Korea, and represented Bolivia at a women's conference in the United Kingdom. <mask> also spoke in favor of Bolivia's maritime claims to territory in neighboring Chile. In January 2012, First Lady <mask> met with members of the at the in Barcelona, Spain. (There were an estimated 55,000 Bolivians in Catalonia and 200,000 immigrants across Spain in 2012). In her speech at the Casa Amèrica Catalunya, <mask> defended many of Evo <mask> policies, saying, "The landowners and businessmen of Bolivia are upset with Evo because he works for the poor. Before, the Constitution of the country only spoke of the rich who have money and now it speaks of the poor."She also noted that it is mainly Bolivian women who had emigrated to Spain and other countries in search of work. In 2013, President Evo <mask> suddenly reversed his earlier decision and largely removed <mask> from her most public, high-profile roles. In the announcement, <mask> directly contradicted earlier statements that he had appointed his sister as first lady and called the title of first lady "an insult to women". <mask> argued that he did not want to favor his sister over other family members, including his daughter, Eva Liz <mask>, who sometimes filled in for her aunt. President <mask> admitted that his decision made his sister cry. Despite the president's public reversal, <mask> continued to serve as the acting first lady (or its equivalent) for several years, though in a diminished captivity. <mask> retired from public life during the later years of her brother's presidency.During the November 2019 Bolivian political crisis, which resulted in the exile of President Evo <mask>, demonstrators set fire to <mask>' small home and store in Oruro. <mask> also fled the country following her brother's resignation on 10 November 2019. She briefly stayed in Mexico before returning to Bolivia. In August 2020, <mask> began exhibiting symtoms of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia, including breathing difficulties. She had initially been treated in the emergency room of San Juan de Dios General Hospital, but was not admitted due to a shortage of beds in the intensive care unit. Relatives unsuccessfully tried to have her admitted to several private clinics and hospitals, but they reportedly could not reach them due to road blocks and political unrest in the region. On August 9, 2020, <mask>, who suffered from pre-existing health conditions, was finally admitted to Oruro Corea Hospital's intensive care unit, a public hospital, for treatment of COVID-19, but her condition continued to deteriorate.She suffered from severe complications associated with coronavirus, including respiratory failure, renal failure, septic shock, and sepsis. <mask> died from complications of COVID-19 on Sunday, 16 August 2020, at the Oruro hospital at the age of 70. She was survived by her husband, Ponciano Willcarani and their three sons, Ademar, Marcelo, and Roger. <mask> was buried in her hometown of Orinoca. References Bibliography 1949 births 2020 deaths First Ladies and Gentlemen of Bolivia 20th-century Bolivian businesspeople Bolivian women in business Bolivian people of Aymara descent People from Oruro, Bolivia People from Oruro Department Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia

Maxim Lapierre

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<mask> (born March 29, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward. Drafted out of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), he was selected 61st overall in 2003 by the Montreal Canadiens. He spent parts of his first three professional seasons with the Canadiens' minor league affiliate, the Hamilton Bulldogs of the American Hockey League (AHL), before playing his first full NHL season in 2008–09. <mask> spent five-and-a-half seasons in the Canadiens organization before being traded to the Anaheim Ducks in December 2010. Two months later, he was traded to the Vancouver Canucks and helped the team to the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost to the Boston Bruins. On July 5, 2013, <mask> signed with the St. Louis Blues as a free agent. On January 27, 2015, <mask> was traded from St. Louis to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Marcel Goc.Early life Lapierre was born in Saint-Leonard, Quebec and grew up in Repentigny, Quebec. Beginning to play hockey at age nine, Lapierre's midget team was based out of Cap-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec. One of his teammates, Jean-François Jacques, went on to play with him on the Hamilton Bulldogs, as well. Playing career Junior QMJHL During the 2001–02 season, Lapierre made his Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) debut with the Montreal Rocket, appearing in nine games, during which time he scored two goals. Playing in his first full QMJHL season in 2002–03, Lapierre scored 22 goals and 43 points over 72 games. He added four points in seven playoff games. Following his rookie year in the juniors, Lapierre was selected in the second round, 61st overall, of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft by the Montreal Canadiens.Following his draft, <mask> was returned to junior hockey early in the Canadiens' 2003 training camp. Upon returning, his QMJHL club had relocated to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, to become the P.E.I. Rocket in 2003–04. Lapierre recorded a junior career-high 61 points over 67 games in his third season with the Rocket. Remaining in junior ranks for a fourth season in 2004–05, he recorded 52 points over 69 games. Professional Montreal Canadiens In the off-season, he was signed by the Canadiens to a three-year, entry-level contract on July 28, 2005. Lapierre played his first professional season in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canadiens' minor league affiliate, the Hamilton Bulldogs.He was called up to the NHL in November 2005 for a five-day stint, playing his first NHL game on November 15 against the Florida Panthers. He registered three minutes of ice time in 4–3 Canadiens win, his lone NHL game during the 2005–06 season. In the AHL, Lapierre recorded 13 goals and 36 points over 73 games with the Bulldogs. During the 2006–07 season, Lapierre received four separate call-ups from Hamilton. Playing in the first game of a call-up in December, he registered his first career NHL point in a 4–3 win against the Boston Bruins, earning the first assist on the game-winning goal by Guillaume Latendresse on December 12, 2006. The following game, he scored his first NHL goal in a 4–2 win against the Tampa Bay Lightning, tipping a Mike Komisarek shot past goaltender Marc Denis. In late-January 2007, he received his last call-up of the campaign, remaining with the club until the end of the NHL regular season.Over 46 NHL games, he recorded six goals and six assists, while also tallying 24 points over 37 games in the AHL. With Montreal not qualifying for the 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs, <mask> was sent back to the Bulldogs for their 2007 playoff season. Hamilton advanced to the Calder Cup Finals, where they defeated the Hershey Bears in five games. <mask> scored a goal and an assist in Hamilton's 2–1 win in the championship-deciding game. He totaled 12 points (six goals and six assists) in 22 playoff games. After competing for a Canadiens roster spot in the 2007 NHL pre-season, <mask> was returned to the Bulldogs to start the 2007–08 season. On December 5, 2007, he was recalled to the Canadiens, earning a role as the club's third or fourth line centre.His time with the Canadiens increased as he spent 53 games in the NHL with seven goals and 18 points, while registering 14 points over 19 games in the AHL. By the 2008–09 campaign, Lapierre had established himself as a full-time NHLer and earned a roster spot with the Canadiens out of training camp for the first time in his career. Just over a month into the season, he was elbowed in the head by opposing forward Jarkko Ruutu during a game against the Ottawa Senators on November 11, 2008. Lapierre was not injured on the play, while Ruutu received a two-game suspension for the infraction. The following month, Lapierre recorded a Gordie Howe hat trick (a goal, an assist and a fight) in a 6–2 win against the New York Rangers on December 4, 2008. Later that month, on December 29, 2008, Lapierre recorded his first career NHL hat-trick during a 5–2 win against the Florida Panthers. Lapierre had a career year in 2008–09, finishing with 15 goals and 13 assists for 28 points over 79 games.After going scoreless in four playoff games, as the Canadiens were eliminated in the first round by the Boston Bruins, it was revealed that <mask> had played the majority of the season in pain with an ankle injury. He underwent surgery in the off-season, recovering in time for the 2009 training camp. <mask>'s offensive production decreased to 14 points in 2009–10, his lowest total in the NHL since his rookie season. On March 5, 2010, <mask> was suspended four games for a hit against opposing forward Scott Nichol during a game against the San Jose Sharks the previous day. Nichol left the game injured after Lapierre pushed him from behind, causing him to crash into the end boards. In addition to the suspension, Lapierre lost approximately $14,000 in pay, which went to the National Hockey League Players Association (NHLPA)'s emergency fund. In the 2010 playoffs, Lapierre helped the Canadiens advance to the Eastern Conference Semi-finals, scoring goals in Game 6 of the first round against the Washington Capitals and the second round against the Pittsburgh Penguins, both elimination games.However, the Canadiens were eliminated in the third round by the Philadelphia Flyers; Lapierre finished the playoff season with three goals and one assist in 19 games. Anaheim and Vancouver On December 31, 2010, after five-and-a-half seasons playing within the Canadiens organization, <mask> was traded to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for defenceman Brett Festerling and a fifth-round draft pick in 2012. He made his Ducks debut on January 5, 2011, in a 4–1 loss to the Nashville Predators. The following game, he recorded his first point as a Duck, assisting on a goal by Matt Beleskey in a 6–0 win against the Columbus Blue Jackets. Lapierre played 21 games with the Ducks, recording three assists in that span, before being dealt again prior to the NHL trade deadline on February 28, 2011. He was sent to the Vancouver Canucks, along with forward MacGregor Sharp, in exchange for minor-league forward Joël Perrault and a third-round draft pick in 2012. Canucks' head coach Alain Vigneault had reportedly recommended Lapierre to general manager Mike Gillis, having coached Lapierre in the QMJHL.Upon his arrival in Vancouver, <mask>'s reputation as an agitator was addressed by Vigneault and he was asked to reduce activity in between whistles, such as trash talking and unnecessary hits. Lapierre scored his first goal as a Canuck on March 16, 2011, in a 4–2 win against the Colorado Avalanche. While the Canucks originally acquired Lapierre with the intention of playing him on the fourth line, he soon moved up to the third with the injury of Manny Malhotra late in the season. Between Montreal, Anaheim and Vancouver, he finished the season with six goals and six assists over 78 games. Centring the third line with wingers Raffi Torres and Jannik Hansen during the 2011 playoffs, Lapierre added three goals and five points over 25 games. He helped Vancouver reach the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. During the Finals, Lapierre scored the only goal of Game 5 against the Boston Bruins, helping Vancouver to a 1–0 win.With a 3–2 lead in the series, the Canucks went on to lose the next two contests, losing the Stanley Cup in seven games. Set to become a restricted free agent in the off-season, Lapierre was re-signed by Vancouver to a two-year, $2 million contract on June 27, 2011. St. Louis Blues After the completion of his contract with Vancouver, Lapierre agreed to a two-year, $2.2 million contract with the St. Louis Blues. On October 15, 2013 against the San Jose Sharks, Lapierre checked Dan Boyle into the boards, hospitalizing him and causing a fight between the two teams; Lapierre was ejected from the game. He was subsequently suspended, and a disciplinary hearing was held. Lapierre was suspended for five games by NHL director of player safety Brendan Shanahan on October 18, 2013. Pittsburgh Penguins On January 27, 2015, Lapierre was traded from the Blues to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Marcel Goc.Lapierre played a key role during the 2015 playoffs, getting under the skin of the New York Rangers by drawing penalties, instigating fights, taunting and most notably doing play-by-play towards the Rangers' bench. He played an important role on the face-off dot and on the penalty kill, frustrating the New York Rangers and his former head coach in Vancouver, Alain Vigneault. MODO On September 1, 2015, Lapierre signed a one-year contract with Modo Hockey of the Swedish Hockey League. The contract comes with an option for a second year. On January 20, 2016 <mask>'s asked for his contract to be terminated with Modo. After beginning the season with head coach Larry Hurras who was later relieved of his duties as Modo coach. Andreas Johansson the new coach brought in a system that was not favourable for Lapierre's style of play.<mask> who was leading Modo in scoring posting 8G, 11A, 19P in 34 games asked for his contract to be formally terminated. <mask> was the third NHL player to leave Modo during the 2015–16 season, both Ryan Whitney and Kyle Wilson left prior to Lapierre's departure as well. HC Lugano On January 25, 2016, he signed a contract with HC Lugano of the Swiss National League for the remainder of the season. On July 28, 2016, Lapierre, with ambition to make a comeback to the NHL, signed a professional try-out with the New York Rangers. At the completion of training camp and pre-season, Lapierre was released without a contract offer on October 5. On October 9, 2016, HC Lugano announced that Lapierre would be re-joining the team for the remainder of the season. At the conclusion of the 2017 playoffs, the team exercised Lapierre's option on his contract for the 2017–18 season.On October 5, 2017, Lapierre agreed to a one-year contract extension with HC Lugano, valid through the 2018–19 season. On December 5, 2018, Lapierre agreed to a two-year contract extension with Lugano through the 2020–21 season. On July 13, 2019, Lapierre and HC Lugano mutually agreed to part ways, despite a valid contract for the next two seasons. Eisbären Berlin Lapierre opted to remain in Europe, continuing his career on a two-year contract with German outfit Eisbären Berlin of the DEL on July 14, 2019. On December 6, 2020, Lapierre announced his retirement from professional ice hockey. International play Lapierre earned a spot on the Canadian national team in the 2018 Winter Olympics after successful playing in the 2017 Spengler Cup tournament. Lapierre scored his first career Olympic goal in Canada's 4–0 win over the South Korean national team.<mask> won a bronze medal during these Olympics. Playing style <mask> is known primarily as a checking forward, centring either the third or fourth line. He has a reputation as an agitator, distracting and provoking opposing players to take penalties. He plays with an aggressive edge and led all Canadiens forward in hits in his last full season with the club. Defensively responsible, he earns time on the penalty kill. In 2008–09, he ranked third on the Canadiens in average short-handed time on ice per game. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International References External links 1985 births Living people Anaheim Ducks players Eisbären Berlin players Canadian ice hockey centres Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden French Quebecers Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players Ice hockey people from Quebec HC Lugano players Modo Hockey players Montreal Canadiens draft picks Montreal Canadiens players Montreal Rocket players Olympic ice hockey players of Canada Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics Olympic bronze medalists for Canada Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics Olympic medalists in ice hockey P.E.I.Rocket players People from Repentigny, Quebec People from Saint-Leonard, Quebec Pittsburgh Penguins players St. Louis Blues players Sportspeople from Montreal Vancouver Canucks players

Riky Rick

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Rikhado Muziwendlovu Makhado (20 July 1987 23 February 2022), known professionally as <mask>, was an iconic South African rapper, producer, singer, songwriter, and fashion designer. He was also the Founder and Owner of record label Cotton Club Records <mask> was also a member of Boyz N Bucks. Boss Zonke, King Kotini as he was fondly known, was one of SA’s most respected producers and musicians. He came into the limelight around 2009, 2010, when he dropped mixtapes such as The Comeback Kid and Last Summer with Da L.E.S. He then took a bit of a break and went on to release "Nafukwa" in 2014. He received positive reviews across South Africa, from industry pundits to fans alike. Hailed for the graphics and flow in the single, it also marked the beginning of a long time collaboration with fellow South African artist Cassper Nyovest.The song’s music video, released in 2014, won an MTV Africa Music Award for Video of the Year. Life and career 19872014: Early life and early career Rikhado Muziwendlovu Makhado was born on 20 July 1987. He was raised in KwaMashu township near Durban, Natal. His childhood friends described him as a creative individual who was entrepreneurial, kind and artistically gifted, even at a young age. Makhado's music career actually began at a recording studio session with Bongani Fassie. It was by Fassie's side that Makhado was inspired to make his own music. That is when he released his first single "Barbershop" featuring Da L.E.S.20152022: Family Values, Scooby Snacks EP On 3 April 2015, his debut studio album Family Values was released and received positive reviews from music critics. It featured guest appearances from Cassper Nyovest, Okmalumkoolkat, Zano and Black Motion.The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry of South Africa (RiSA) with sales of over 50 000 units. Its success saw him nominated for eight South African Hip-Hop Awards (SAHHAs) that year, more than any other artist. This is the only studio album by <mask> <mask>. It was released and made available for purchase on iTunes by Makhado Makhado Agency on 3 April 2015. On 24 April 2016, his single "Sondela", featuring Zano was released, which was dedicated to his beloved wife Bianca. On 28 October 2016, the smash hit "Boss Zonke" was released, which peaked at number 3 on the SA Hip Hop Top Ten List.The music video, released in February 2015, was shot in two different cities, Durban and Johannesburg. The video also featured several musicians including Durban-based duo Dreamteam, Stilo Magolide and kwaito star L’vovo. Boss Zonke cemented Makhado's status as a Hip Hop legend in the Southern African music landscape. Soon after, he released another classic in South African hip hop " Fuseg," which featured Cassper Nyovest and Anatii. One of the most popular tracks on the tracklist "Amantombazane" led to the "Amantombazane (Remix)" which featured fellow South African recording artists OkMalumkoolKat, Maggz, Kwesta, Ginger Bread Man, Kid X, Nadia Nakai and DJ Dimplez. The Amantombazane remix is one of the best remixes ever released in South African hip-hop. The track was nominated for Remix of the Year at the 2015 South African Music Awards (Samas).In June 2016, his single "Sidlukotini" was released. “Sidlukotini” directly translates from Zulu into: “We are eating Cotton”. This song spoke to <mask> <mask>’s love for fashion. For Sidlukotini, he won Best Hit Single at the 2016 Metro FM Music Awards, an award ceremony that infamously saw him take to the stage and criticise the awards for being rigged before encouraging upcoming musicians to forget the radio and make their songs “pop on the internet”. He left independent record label Mabala Noise shortly after the awards. Although many thought his career was doomed after this move, <mask> kept the wheels rolling. Makhado then released the Scooby Snacks EP that features only one artist, Frank Casino.It includes the tracks "Oh Lord", "Bandz Over Fans" and "Family" (featuring Frank Casino). He followed up his growing body of work when he released "Buy It Out" on 15 September 2017. Just a year later he released a new EP, Stay Shining, through a licensing deal between his new label Cotton Club Records and Sony Music Entertainment Africa. In November 2018, he announced his first concert called "Cotton Fest", which he personally headlined on 2 February 2019. In an interview in 2019, <mask> described the festival as being “... for us, by us, for the people, for everybody. It’s not about me, “It’s not a one-man show." Over the coming years, he’d maintain relevance through the odd single release and a host of impressive guest verses, most notably on AKA’s F.R.E.E, Mr JazziQ and Busta 929’s Vsop, Costa Titch’s Nkalakhatha, Big Zulu’s Mail Eningi, Frank Casino’s Whole Thing and in early February 2022, Venom and Shishiliza’s chart-topping single Sondela.Personal life In early 2010, Makhado met his beloved wife Bianca Naidoo in Sandton. She had a daughter, Jordan from a previous relationship. After close to three years of dating, the couple got married in 2013. About a year later, they welcomed their first child together, a son whom they named Maik Daniel. Through all this, depression was always lingering. He shared his struggles in his music and in various interviews. In 2020, in an interview with rapper Yanga on his Lab Live YouTube series, <mask> opened up about his suicidal past.After battling alcohol and drug addiction in his youth, he practiced sobriety after going through a difficult time. Death and Legacy Makhado tragically passed away on 23 February 2022 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The cause of death was reported as suicide after he experienced a lengthy battle with depression. His passing sent shock waves throughout South Africa,and globally. The outpouring of grief from celebrities and fans illustrated what a strong impact he had on South African culture. He will be remembered as a businessman, cultural icon, and creative artist who inspired many through his fashion, positive energy, and willingness to support young and upcoming artists. Discography Studio albums EPs Mixtapes Comeback Kid (2011) Fear The Hunter(With Trinity) (2018) Awards and nominations References 1987 births 2022 deaths 2022 suicides South African male actors South African rappers South African hip hop musicians Zulu people People from KwaZulu-Natal Alumni of Hilton College (South Africa) Suicides in South Africa

Marie Thérèse Metoyer

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<mask>, born as Coincoin (with no surname), also known as <mask>hérèse dite Coincoin, and <mask>, (August 1742 – 1816) was a planter, slave owner, and businesswoman at the colonial Louisiana outpost of Natchitoches (later known as Natchitoches Parish). She was born into slavery and her freedom was purchased in 1778 by Claude Thomas Pierre Métoyer, with whom she had a long liaison and ten children. She and her descendants established the historical community of Isle Brevelle of Créoles of color along the Cane River, including what is said to be the first church founded by free people of color for their own use, St. Augustine Parish (Isle Brevelle) Church, Natchez, Louisiana. The church is included as a notable site on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. Early life and family The family was enslaved by the Louisiana French Natchitoches post's founder and commandant, Chevalier Louis Juchereau de St. Denis. She was born as Coincoin in 1742 in Natchitoches (later known as Narchitoches Parish). Her parents were François and <mask>, she was the fourth of eleven children.As children, Coincoin and her sister <mask> ditte were trained in pharmacology and nursing. By these skills the women earned a livelihood after gaining freedom through manumission as adults. Their other nine siblings would remain enslaved at various colonial posts from Natchitoches to Pensacola. Slavery and freedom When still young, Coincoin had five children. Some records show that Coincoin's first five children were of full African blood and others suggest they were partially Native American, fathered by Chatta. About 1765 her mistress granted Coincoin to live with the young French merchant, Claude Thomas Pierre Métoyer, Coincoin had gained the interest of Métoyer during his many visits to the St. Denis household. The efforts of a parish priest to break up their union in 1778, by filing charges that threatened her being sold away to New Orleans, prompted Métoyer to buy and manumit her.Together they moved from the post, to outlying lands, where their liaison continued until 1788. As his mixed-race children matured and married, Métoyer manumitted the eldest five of the ten children whom he had held in slavery after he purchased Coincoin and their children. Business activity As a free woman, Coincoin exploited a variety of economic enterprises. She manufactured medicine, planted tobacco, and trapped wild bears and turkeys, which were sent to the local market and shipping peltry and oil along with indigo that she sourced from the bear skins to New Orleans along with her cured tobacco. She became a landowner and a taxpayer. As a pious Catholic, she volunteered labor for the upkeep of the parish church. Like many other freed slaves in colonial Louisiana, she eventually acquired slaves in order to protect them from others in the parish purchasing them.Most were related to Coincoin or close friends, she labored alongside of them until her own health began to fail. Some accounts state that she held one small farmstead of 67 acres. Other accounts show her as the owner of a plantation empire of 12,000 acres and a hundred slaves. Surviving records document her ownership of somewhat over one thousand acres. The liberal land-grant policies of the Spanish Crown provided a stake for her first farmstead on the Grand Coast of Red River (now Cane River), about ten miles below the town. That small tract of 80 arpents (67 acres), alluvial river-bottom land adjacent to Metoyer's plantation, was conceded by the local commandant in January 1787 and patented by the Crown in May 1794. It is identified on modern land maps as sections 18 and 89 of Township 8 North, Range 6 West.On the heels of that patent, Coincoin applied for a significantly larger concession — 800 arpents of piney woods on Old River to the west of her farm — a tract identified today as section 55, Township 8 North, Range 7 West, where she established a vacherie (cattle range) and hired a Spaniard to operate it for her. In 1807, she bought a third tract of already developed farm land (the northern portion of sections 34 and 98, T8 North, Range 6 West). That third holding, adjacent to her homestead, provided a stake for a younger son who had come of age after the Louisiana Purchase, too late to benefit from the more-liberal land policies of the Spanish regime. Coincoin has been credited with the founding of Cane River's fabled Melrose Plantation. However, this land has been documented as a grant to her son, Louis Métoyer, who built most of the surviving plantation buildings prior to his death. Coincoin lived frugally and served others, investing all her income into the purchase of freedom for the children from the slave marriage of her youth. By the time of her death, she had manumitted three of those children and three grandchildren.Another daughter and many grandchildren remained enslaved, as their owners refused to manumit or sell them. Legacy Coincoin's died in 1816 and her grave is no longer marked. Her eldest son Augustin Metoyer donated land for a church at Isle Brevelle, Natchez, Louisiana. In 1829 he commissioned his brother Louis to build the structure, St. Augustine Parish Church. It is believed to be America's first church built by free people of color for their own use. The Coincoin–Prudhomme House, or Maison De Marie Therese, a small Creole-style cottage constructed of bousillage and half-timber still stands on her original c.1780s–1816 farmstead, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 6, 1979. The house is now known as the, Maison de Marie Thérèse Coincoin Museum, and is located one mile northwest of Bermuda, the museum is privately owned and open for tours via appointment.African origin Tradition holds that Coincoin's African-born parents retained much of their culture, and some evidence supports that. No known document identifies the African birthplace of either parent. Coincoin and four of her siblings carried African names as dits. One Africanist historian proposed in the 1970s that the African Coincoin (spelled variously in transliterations by French and Spanish scribes) was the name used for "second-born daughters" among those Ewe of coastal Togo who speak the Glidzi dialect. Historians Gary B. and Elizabeth Shown Mills found evidence that Coincoin was the second-born daughter in her birth family. Other possible origins of the name Coincoin, together with the names of her siblings as discovered by Elizabeth Shown Mills, are being studied by Africanist Kevin C. MacDonald at the UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London. In popular culture German, Norman.No Other World (novel based on Coincoin), Thibodaux, LA: Blue Heron Press, 1992; reprint, 2000, 2011; . Mills, Elizabeth Shown. Isle of Canes, , is an historical novel that follows Coincoin and the Metoyers across four generations. Notes Sources Burton, H. Sophie. "<mask>hérèze dit Coincoin: A Free Black Woman on the Louisiana-Texas Frontier." In Nexus of Empire: Negotiating Loyalty and Identity in the Revolutionary Borderlands, 1760s–1820s. Edited by Gene Allen Smith and Sylvia L. Hilton.Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2010, pp. 89–112. MacDonald, Kevin C.; David W. Morgan; Fiona J.L. Handley; Aubra L. Lee; and Emma Morley. "The Archaeology of Local Myths and Heritage Tourism." In A Future for Archaeology: The Past in the Present. New York: Routledge Cavendish, 2006.Chapter 13. Mills, Elizabeth Shown. "Documenting a Slave's Birth, Parentage, and Origins(<mask>hérèse Coincoin, 1742–1816): A Test of 'Oral History'”, National Genealogical Society Quarterly 96 (December 2008): 246–66. Archived online at Historic Pathways Mills, Elizabeth Shown. "<mask> Coincoin: 1742-1816", KnowLa Encyclopedia of Louisiana. Mills, Elizabeth Shown. "<mask> Coincoin (1742–1816): Slave, Slave Owner, and Paradox."Chapter 1 in Janet Allured and Judy Gentry, ed. Louisiana Women: Their Lives and Times (Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2009). Mills, Elizabeth Shown. "Which Marie Louise Is 'Mariotte'? Sorting Slaves with Common Names", National Genealogical Society Quarterly 94 (September 2006): pp. 183–204. Mills, Elizabeth Shown."A Reader's Guide to the Study of Cane River Creoles" (an annotated bibliography of major sources treating <mask>hérèse and her Metoyer offspring) Mills, Elizabeth Shown and Gary B. "Slaves and Masters: The Louisiana Metoyers" (a four-generation genealogy of the offspring of François and <mask>e, focusing on the Metoyer line), National Genealogical Society Quarterly 70 (September 1982): pp. 163–89 Mills, Elizabeth Shown and Gary B. "Missionaries Compromised: Early Evangelization of Slaves and Free People of Color in North Louisiana", Cross, Crozier, and Crucible. Glenn R. Conrad. ed. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Historical Association and Archdiocese of New Orleans, 1993, pp.30–47. Mills, Gary B. and Elizabeth Shown Mills. The Forgotten People: Cane River's Creoles of Color (revised edition), Louisiana State University Press, 2013; . Mills, Gary B. The Forgotten People: Cane River's Creoles of Color. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976; . Mills, Gary B."Coincoin: An Eighteenth-Century 'Liberated' Woman", in Journal of Southern History 42 (May 1976): 203–22. Reprinted in Darlene Clark Hine, ed., Black Women in United States History. Brooklyn: Carlson Publishing, 1990; . Mills, Gary B. "Marie Thérèse dite Coincoin", Dictionary of Louisiana Biography. Glenn R. Conrad, ed. 3 vols.New Orleans: Louisiana Historical Association, 1988. Vol. 1: 189–90. Ringle, Ken. "Up through Slavery", The Washington Post, May 12, 2002. "The Louisiana Metoyers: Melrose's Story of Land and Slaves", American Visions (June 2000); written by the American Visions staff from Mills and Mills, "Slaves and Masters", cited above. References External links Mills, Elizabeth Shown.Historic Pathways website - offers a cache of published studies and papers relating to the Cane River National Heritage Area, Natchitoches, and the local Créoles of color. Cane River Collection at The Historic New Orleans Collection 1742 births 1816 deaths People from Natchitoches, Louisiana African-American history Louisiana African American Heritage Trail American planters People of Colonial Spanish Louisiana 18th-century American businesspeople 19th-century American businesspeople Catholics from Louisiana American slave owners 19th-century American businesswomen 18th-century slaves 19th-century American landowners 18th-century American landowners American women landowners African-American Catholics American people of Togolese descent American people of Ewe descent American people of Ghanaian descent People of Louisiana (New France) Black slave owners in the United States

Laura Glitsos

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<mask> (also known as <mask>) is a writer, academic and musician based in Perth, Western Australia. Glitsos continues as a performer and also works as an academic and lecturer at Curtin University and Edith Cowan University. Musical career Glitsos formed Purrvert with drummer Nicholas Jonsson (End of Fashion, The Panda Band, Eskimo Joe), Roderick Tompkins (The Deaf Jefferies), and Troy "Spud" Anthony, in late 1999. Purrvert gigged the Perth local circuit from 2000 to 2004, until Glitsos moved to Paris to work on the first English speaking radio station in the city, Paris Live Radio. Purrvert released two EPs entitled Tale Spinners and Weapons of Mass Production. Purrvert toured regionally, in Bunbury and Margaret River, and nationally, playing at St. Kilda's Espy Hotel with Dylan Lewis' alternative funk band Brown Hornet. Purrvert is remembered for playing in Perth with a diverse range of bands, such as The Panda Band, Rollerskates, Karnivool, and Spiderbait.In a 2002 Xpress Magazine review article, Brett Ladhams wrote, The stunning <mask> anchors Purrvert to the hearts of men and the minds of girls with her strong, confident stage presence and inimitable hip hop style. While the band may be sick of hearing it, Purrvert sound unmistakably like the late, great Rage Against The Machine, which is a good thing. A little overbearing at time, <mask>'s vocals combine with the often-brilliant Purrvert band to create a stage show all its own in Perth. Glitsos was featured on the cover of Perth's Inside Magazine in 2002, with a range of other notable female musicians including Katy Steele and Rachel Claudio. In 2004, Glitsos was also featured in The West Magazine, which covered her move to Paris to work in radio. On her return, Glitsos returned to academia and received her Honours in Communications and Cultural Studies at Curtin University, through which avenue she then went on to pursue a doctorate. However, Glitsos briefly returned to original music in 2009 with a new project titled Agent, Red formed with guitarist Rob Lawrence and drummer Ian Tyler (Tuxedo Pig).The band moved to Berlin for several months to write and rehearse but ultimately disbanded on return to Australia. After several years, in 2015, Glitsos returned to the stage with a Rage Against The Machine tribute band for the purpose of protesting the Abbott Government's tertiary education policies and platform on asylum seekers. The tribute act, titled Rubble of Empire, continues to play shows around Perth and regional Western Australia. In an article on Toward Music, Glitsos is interviewed about the motivations for such a project, in which she says, All the members of Rubble of Empire were impassioned by the political ideals and influenced by the grooving, heavy style that Rage Against the Machine established. Most importantly, RATM continued a tradition of music to reach out into the very concrete world and cultivate change en masse. Glitsos formed Rubble of Empire with three other notable Perth musicians Karl Hiller (The Witches, Wormhole), Scott Howard (Ruby Boots, The Witches), and Giles Lowe (Stu Orchard Band). West Australian Music Industry Awards The Western Australian Music Industry Awards (commonly known as WAMis) are annual awards presented to the local contemporary music industry, put on by the Western Australian Music Industry Association Inc (WAM).Glitsos won two awards (wins only) |- | 2001 | <mask> | Most Popular Female Original Vocalist | |- | 2002 | <mask> | Most Popular Female Original Vocalist | |- Writing and journalism career Glitsos has written feature articles in the fields of music and science/medicine, and had content featured in a diverse range of publications including Xpress Magazine, The West Australian, Astronomy WA, ScienceNetwork WA, The Water Corp, Consult Magazine, Murdoch University's ECOS Magazine, Australasian Science, and SymbioticA Lab at UWA. Glitsos was the editor of Astronomy WA, a Perth-based astronomy science website run by the Department of Science and Innovation for several years. In her role as a freelance music journalist for Xpress Magazine, Glitsos has interviewed a broad range of artists including Wayne-Static (Static-X), Kerry King (Slayer), Abe Cunningham (Deftones), and many others. Academic career Glitsos completed a doctoral research degree at Curtin University, where she lectured in popular music studies, communication studies, and Internet studies. Glitsos is currently a Lecturer at Edith Cowan University. Alongside Cain Cressall, she was invited to speak at Seattle EMP Museum for the annual EMP PopCon 2016, which featured other vocalists such as k.d lang and Valerie June. Glitsos co-presented a seminar with extreme metal vocalist Cain Cressall (The Amenta, Malignant Monster) on the "limits of vocality".In 2013, Glitsos also presented a refereed paper at the International Association for the Study of Popular Music (Aus-NZ Branch) entitled "The ecology of 'sacred space': Indie music's exploration and construction of sacred space in the context of contemporary digital music". Since this time, she has published a stream of peer-review research on musicianship and cultural studies. Academic publications Books Glitsos, <mask>. 2019. Somatechnics and Popular Music in Digital Contexts. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. Peer Review Research Articles and Conference Proceedings 2021.“Covid-19 and the Perfectly Governed City.” Journal for Cultural Research. Forthcoming. 2021. “World-ready: A Journalism Capstone Unit Model with International Focus in a Pandemic and Post-pandemic Landscape.” Asia Pacific Media Educator. 31(1): 1-15. doi: 10.1177/1326365X211003743 (with James Hall) "The Pepe the Frog meme: an examination of social, political, and cultural implications through the tradition of the Darwinian Absurd" in Journal for Cultural Research "Ebbs and flows: Women as musicians in Perth popular music, 1980s–1990s" in Perfect Beat: the Pacific journal of research into contemporary music and popular culture "From Rivers to Confetti: Reconfigurations of Time through New Media Narratives" in M/C Journal "'An Examination of Female Musicians in the Context of Perth’s Metal Community" in the journal of Popular Music and Society. "The Camera Phone in the Concert Space: Live Music and Moving Images on the Screen" "Nice girls don't jive: the rise and fade of women in Perth music from the late 1950s to the early 1970s" in the journal of Continuum "Screen as Skin: The Somatechnics of Touchscreen Music Media" in the journal of Somatechnics "Vaporwave, or music optimised for abandoned malls" in the journal of Popular Music "The ecology of 'sacred space': Indie music's exploration and construction of sacred space in the context of contemporary digital music" in Communities, Places, Ecologies: Proceedings of the 2013 IASPM-ANZ Conference Chapters in Edited Collections "Sia, This Is Acting" in An Anthology of Australian Albums: Critical Engagements, edited by Dale, Stratton, and Mitchell "Frontierswomen and the Perth Scene: Female Metal Musicians on the 'Western Front' and the Construction of the Gothic Sublime." In Australian Metal Music: Identities, Scenes, and Cultures, Hoad, C., 91-107.Bingley: Emerald. References External Sources Rubble of Empire, Live Music Video Living people Australian musicians Australian writers Australian women writers Year of birth missing (living people)

Emanuel Dimas de Melo Pimenta

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<mask> (born in São Paulo, Brazil, 1957) is a Brazilian-Portuguese (Swiss resident since 2003) musician, architect, photographer and intermedia artist. His works, connecting art and sciences, have been included in art collections and have been recognized by institutions such as the Whitney Museum of New York, the Ars Aevi Contemporary Art Museum, the Venice Biennale, the Kunsthaus Zürich, the Bibliothèque nationale de France at Paris, the MART - Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Rovereto and Trento, and the Shöyen Collection among others. <mask> studied with Hans-Joachim Koellreuter, Conrado Silva, <mask>, Decio Pignatari, Lygia Clark, and also with Kenzo Tange, Burle Marx, Yona Friedman, Peter Cook (Archigram) and Oscar Niemeyer among others. Career Pimenta develops music, architecture, and urban projects using virtual reality and cyberspace technologies. His concerts of music integrate visual art and have been performed in various countries in the last twenty years, beginning with his concert at the São Paulo Art Biennial, in 1985, with John Cage, Francesco Clemente, Sandro Chia, and Robert Rauschenberg. <mask> has collaborated with John Cage, as commissioned composer for Merce Cunningham between 1986 and 2009, remaining composer for the Merce Cunningham Legacy Project until now. He has been composer for several companies such as the Appels Company in New York.His concerts have been performed at the Lincoln Center and The Kitchen in New York, the Palais Garnier, Opera Bastille, La Fenice, the Shinjuku Bunka Center in Tokyo, the Festival of Aix en Provence, and the São Paulo Museum of Art among many others. In 2012, <mask> coordinated 38 events, in 11 countries, celebrating the centennial of John Cage. In late 1970s, <mask> started developing a new graphic four dimensional musical notation inside Virtual Reality, which he called "virtual notations", which would characterize good part of his musical production over the years. In the early 1980s, <mask> coined the concept "virtual architecture", later largely used as specific discipline in universities all over the world. Since the end of the 1970s he has developed graphical musical notations inside virtual environments. In 1980, <mask> starts the first virtual planet in history, called Woiksed, for which he won the Lake Maggiore Prize (AICA, UNESCO, Council of Europe) in 1993, anticipating similar projects for over twenty years. In 1993 he created, together with René Berger and Rinaldo Bianda, the Eurovideo Festival.In 2000, <mask> began researching and creating space architecture design. <mask>'s first opera is dated of 1984, titled Frankenstern, with libretto by Decio Pignatari and stage design by the Brazilian visual artist , at MASP Modern Art Museum of São Paulo. In 2008, Pimenta creates DANTE, the first opera on Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy of the history of music, which had its world première in that year at the Abstracta Festival, in Rome, Italy. In 2016, he concluded his third opera, titled Metamorphosis, with libretto by René Berger, with world première at the Experimental Intermedia Foundation, in New York City, under direction of the American composer Phill Niblock. In 2016 Pimenta was invited to the 1th edition of the Lisbon-based The New Art Fest. In 2017, Pimenta received the Gold Medal of the Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters of Paris. Since the 1970s, <mask> has been a prolific writer, with more than eighty books published in several countries.Positions He has served as a curator for the Biennale of São Paulo, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, the Triennial of Milan, and the Belém Cultural Center among others. <mask> is a founding member of the International Society for the Interdisciplinary Study of Symmetry, and of ISA International Symmetry Association, created by the Hungarian crystallographer Gyorgy Darvas, together with Dan Shechtman, Fritjof Capra, Francisco Varela, Douglas Hofstadter and Arthur Lee Loeb among others. Between 1987 and 1996 he was one of the coordinators of the Locarno Video Art and Electronic Art Festivals, in Locarno, Switzerland, together with Rinaldo Bianda, Between 1995 and 2015 he was member of the jury of the BES Fellowship (Experimental Intermedia Foundation of New York, the Luso American Foundation and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation), with the composer Phill Niblock. He is director of the art, sciences, music and philosophy Academy Holotopia, in the Amalfi Coast. which started with a contemporary music festival in 2004. He is also founder and director of the Foundation for Arts, Sciences and Technology – Observatory, in Trancoso, Portugal. He was editorial director of the art and culture magazine RISK Arte Oggi from 1995 to 2005.He was also member of the advisory editorial board of the science magazine Forma, in Tokyo. He is member of the art and philosophy magazine Technoetic Arts, in Bristol, England, directed by Roy Ascott. In 1991 he created the European Environmental Tribunal, a non profit entity oriented to culture under a transdisciplinary approach. In 2000 he founded the Walden Zero Project, joining artworks, books, sounds and documents since the 14th century to the electronic age. <mask> is an active member of the New York Academy of Sciences, of the Space Architecture Technical Committee of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, of the American Society of Media Photographers, of the Portuguese Order of Architects and of the Brazilian Council of Architecture and Urban Planning. In 1990 he started working with Lucrezia De Domizio, Baroness Durini in many art projects around the world. In 2015, <mask> was director of the world contemporary art forum Free International Forum, in Abruzzo, Italy.Since 2012, <mask> has been researcher associated to the University of Minho in Portugal, and USP University of São Paulo, in Brazil. In 2018 he founds, together with Jean Olaniszyn, Liberio Bianchi and <mask> Rossi the PAN Cinema and Photography Association Muralto, in the city of Muralto, Switzerland, as director of experimental cinema. In 1975 he co-directed and co-edited a documentary movie with the French photographer and filmmaker , who was assistant to Orson Welles in Brazil, in the 1940s. Some movies: FLUXUS (1979) As Time Goes By - Abstracta Festival 2011 KLEVE, at the Kunsthaus Zürich CEJB, in Pescara, Italy MUSIC - A Brief History of the Western Musical Thought ALMEIDA LUCREZIA LA CONDITION HUMAINE Pimenta's work has been featured or appeared in: Encyclopædia Universalis (Britannica) since 1991 Sloninsky Baker's Music Dictionary (Berkeley) Chronology of the Western Classical Music Allmusic - The Expert's Guide to the Best Cds The New York Times Le Monde Le Parisien O Estado de S. Paulo O Globo Il Sole 24 Ore Domus (magazine) Abitare Jornal de Letras The Wire (magazine) References External links Official site 1957 births Living people Brazilian architects Brazilian composers

Joe Chemay

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<mask> is an American bassist and background singer, known for his recording session work. Biography Chemay started out working as a session and touring support musician in Los Angeles, but moved to Nashville in 1989. Chemay has worked with Elton John, Shania Twain, Bill Medley, Peter Cetera, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, The Beach Boys,  Leon Russell, Michael Nesmith, and others. In 1980 and 1981, Chemay participated in Pink Floyd's The Wall Tour, providing backing vocals. Chemay also was a member of Roger Waters' Bleeding Heart Band, staging a 1990 production of The Wall. In 2006, Chemay formed the Trifectone Music Group with Biff Watson and Ed Seay to write, develop and produce commercial music. (Epic) 1981: Tom Johnston - Still Feels Good (Warner Bros.) 1981: Kenny Rogers - Share Your Love (Liberty) 1982: Laura Branigan - Branigan (Atlantic) 1982: Tom Jones - Country (Mercury) 1982: Juice Newton - Quiet Lies (Capitol) 1982: Eddie Rabbitt - Radio Romance 1982: Lionel Richie - Lionel Richie (Motown) 1982: Kenny Rogers - Love Will Turn You Around (Liberty) 1983: Lionel Richie - Can't Slow Down (Motown) 1983: Kenny Rogers - We've Got Tonight (Liberty) 1984: Laura Branigan - Self Control (Atlantic) 1984: Flashbeagle (Disneyland Records) 1984: Evelyn "Champagne" King - So Romantic (RCA) 1984: Smokey Robinson - Essar (Tamla) 1984: Kenny Rogers - What About Me?(RCA Victor) 1984: Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton - Once Upon a Christmas (RCA Victor) 1985 - 1989 1985: Christopher Cross - Every Turn of the World (Warner Bros.) 1985: Kenny Rogers - The Heart of the Matter (RCA) 1985: Sheila Walsh - Don't Hide Your Heart (Sparrow) 1986: Juice Newton - Old Flame (RCA) 1986: Lionel Richie - Dancing on the Ceiling (Motown) 1987: Duane Eddy - Duane Eddy (Capitol) 1987: Julio Iglesias - Un Hombre Solo (CBS) 1987: Richard Marx - Richard Marx (Manhattan) 1987: Roy Orbison - In Dreams: The Greatest Hits (Virgin) 1988: Christopher Cross - Back of My Mind (Reprise) 1989: Animotion - Animotion (Polydor) 1989: Barry Manilow - Barry Manilow (Arista) 1989: Stan Ridgway - Mosquitos (I.R.S.) The Wall Live 1980–81 (EMI) 2000: Collin Raye - Counting Sheep (Sony) 2000: Collin Raye - Tracks (Epic) 2000: Daryle Singletary - Now and Again (Audium Entertainment) 2000: The Wilkinsons - Here and Now (Giant) 2001: John Anderson - Nobody's Got It All (Columbia) 2001: Tammy Cochran - Tammy Cochran (Epic) 2001: Carolyn Dawn Johnson - Room With a View (Arista) 2001: Georgia Middleman - Endless Possibilities (Giant) 2001: Charlie Robison - Step Right Up (Lucky Dog / Sony) 2002: Tammy Cochran - Life Happened (Epic / Sony) 2003: Billy Gilman - Music Through Heartsongs: Songs Based on the Poems of Mattie J.T. Stepanek (Epic) 2003: Kenny Rogers - Back to the Well (Dreamcatcher) 2003: Hank Williams, Jr. - I'm One of You (Curb) 2005: Billy Gilman - Everything and More (Image Entertainment) 2005: The Wilkinsons - Highway (Open Road Recordings) 2006: Jeff Bates - Leave the Light On (RCA) 2006: Billy Gilman - Billy Gilman (Image) 2006: Steve Holy - Brand New Girlfriend (Curb) 2006: Michelle Wright - Everything and More (Icon) 2007: Kevin Fowler - Bring It On (Equity) 2007: The Wilkinsons - Home (ABC / Universal) 2009: Luke Bryan - Doin' My Thing (Capitol Nashville) 2009: Billy Ray Cyrus - Southern Rain (Monument) 2009: Hank Williams, Jr. - 127 Rose Avenue (Curb) 2010: Matt King - Hard Country (Atlantic Nashville) 2014: Michael Nesmith - Movies of the Mind'' (Pacific Arts) References External links Living people American rock bass guitarists American male bass guitarists American session musicians 20th-century American musicians 21st-century American musicians 20th-century American male musicians 21st-century American male musicians Year of birth missing (living people)

Ralph Carmichael

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<mask> (May 27, 1927 – October 18, 2021) was an American composer and arranger of both secular pop music and contemporary Christian music, regarded as one of the pioneers of the latter genre as well as the father of contemporary Christian music. <mask> was born in Quincy, Illinois, the son of a Pentecostal minister who allowed his son to play the violin and listen to the radio. He said, "I was captivated by the chordal explosions I heard on the radio. I felt a sadness that we didn't have that in our church. Our church orchestra sounded weak and terrible by comparison. It was embarrassing. Why?Why did we have to settle? Why couldn't we use those gorgeous rhythms, sweeping strings, the brass, the stirring chords? That started to control everything I did." As a teenager, <mask> played the violin with the San Jose Civic Symphony. At 17, he enrolled at Southern California Bible College, now Vanguard University, to become a preacher like his father, grandfather, three uncles and five cousins. He started a campus men's quartet as well as ensembles and mixed groups of all kinds, blending jazz and classical music techniques with gospel songs and hymns. His musical "experiments" proved instantly controversial: his bands were unwelcome at many churches, and he was not allowed to store his baritone saxophone on campus because of its associations with big band music.After college, <mask>'s band received mixed reactions from the Christian community. One church asked that they hide their drums behind a curtain; a pastor in Oakland stopped the band mid-song because the music sounded too "worldly." After a performance at a men's fellowship in Pasadena, however, <mask>'s band was invited to audition for television. The TV program drew so much response mail from Christians that the station asked for more shows. In 1951, <mask> was invited to score a film for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. In all, he scored twenty of the BGEA's films, including the funky urban soundtrack for the 1970 film The Cross and the Switchblade. By the late 1950s, secular producers had taken notice of <mask>'s radio and film work.He was invited to assist the composer at the television sitcom I Love Lucy and was soon arranging music for that show as well as Bonanza and The Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Show and for singer Rosemary Clooney. In 1958, <mask> was hired by producer Jack H. Harris to score his science fiction film, The Blob. With the success of the film, <mask> was brought back to score Harris' follow-up film, 4D Man. He arranged and composed music for a Bing Crosby Christmas special television program (which prompted his denomination to strongly discourage the renewal of his ordination). He also composed and conducted the theme music for the 1965 sitcom, My Mother the Car. Nat King <mask>'s big break came in the late 1950s, when his work came to the attention of Capitol Records, who asked him to provide arrangements for an album of mainly sacred Christmas songs by one of the label's biggest stars, Nat King Cole. The result, The Magic of Christmas, was released for the 1960 festive season, by which time Capitol had already set <mask> to work with Cole on more secular albums.<mask> duly became Cole's most regularly utilized arranger from then until the singer's death in early 1965. Their first mainstream pop collaboration was The Touch of Your Lips (also 1960), an album of romantic ballads backed by lush strings, and their final team-up was Cole's last album, L-O-V-E. Featuring jazzy big band arrangements, it was recorded in December 1964, only two months before Cole succumbed to the lung cancer which was already in its advanced stages. Other performers <mask> wrote arrangements for many other top performers, including Ella Fitzgerald, Bing Crosby, Jack Jones, Peggy Lee, Julie London, Al Martino and Roger Williams. He arranged most of the carols on the 1961 Stan Kenton album A Merry Christmas!. Christian music It is in the field of Christian music that <mask> was most prolific. In particular, his experiments in pop-rock style in the 1960s and 1970s brought him recognition as the "Father of Contemporary Christian Music".He founded Light Records in order to widen the audience for the music of the Jesus People. He was subject to controversy from within the church, being called a heretic for his use of guitars in worship and his adaptations of Gospel songs to big band stylings. Manna Music Inc founders Tim and Hal Spencer introduced Andraé Crouch to <mask>, helping to launch Crouch's recording career. <mask> also provided the backing for a number of RCA albums by Gospel singer George Beverly Shea, including The Love of God in 1958, and How Great Thou Art in 1969. In 1969, <mask> and Kurt Kaiser collaborated on Tell It Like It Is, a folk musical about God. The record album of the musical, which included the song "Pass It On", sold 2,500 copies, completely selling out the first run; it then completely sold out its second run of 100,000 copies. The Carpenters recorded <mask>'s song "Love is Surrender" on their 1970 album Close to You.One of <mask>'s contemporary hymns, "Reach Out to Jesus", was recorded by Elvis Presley, on the singer's 1972 Grammy Award-winning album of sacred songs, He Touched Me. His album Strike Up the Band won a Dove Award for "Instrumental Album of the Year" at the 25th GMA Dove Awards in 1994. Recognition <mask> was inducted into the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1985 and into the National Religious Broadcasters' Hall of Fame in 2001. Personal life In 1948, <mask> married singer Evangeline Otto; they divorced in 1964. Their daughter Carol Celeste <mask>, later Carol Parks (1949–2010), was a vocalist and assistant record producer. He married his second wife, Marvella Price, in 1965. <mask>'s autobiography, He's Everything To Me, was published by Word Books in 1986.Death <mask> died on October 18, 2021, in Camarillo, California. He was 94. References External links Archived version of official website from May 2017 1927 births 2021 deaths American music arrangers Jazz arrangers American jazz composers American male jazz composers People from Quincy, Illinois Vanguard University alumni Jazz musicians from Illinois

Mamun Al Mahtab (Shwapnil)

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<mask> (August 22, 1970) is a Bangladeshi hepatologist, medical scientist, author, and columnist. With 290 publications in national and international peer-reviewed journals to his credit, <mask> is currently working as the Head, Division of Interventional Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). In 1998, he graduated from the University of London with an MSc in gastroenterology, and then in 2006, he obtained an MD in hepatology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU). <mask> is the chief investigator for the GBPD060 clinical study of the Bangladesh-developed SARS-CoV-2 mRNA candidate. He is also the lead researcher on NASVAC's Phase I/II and III clinical studies. <mask> was jointly awarded the ‘Premio Nacional' from the Cuban Academy of Sciences for the discovery of NASVAC in 2019. He organizes awareness-raising programs on liver diseases across the country in addition to inventing the NASVAC drug aiming to offer an effective solution to Hepatitis B at an affordable price for mass people in Bangladesh.Early life and education He spent his early life in Dhaka. His schooling started in Rosy Ann Centre, an English medium kindergarten. He subsequently switched to Banani Bidyaniketan and passed Secondary School Certificate examination in 1985. He completed Higher Secondary Certificate from Dhaka College in 1987. He then moved to Mymensingh where he was admitted to the Mymensingh Medical College for his undergraduate medical studies. He got involved in student politics of Bangladesh Chatra League there. He was a member of the Central Committee (i.e.Mainuddin Hassan Choudhury - Iqbalur Rahim - Mahbububul Haque Shakil committee) of the organization. <mask> graduated from Mymensingh Medical College in 1995. He gained an MSc in Gastroenterology from the University of London in 1998 and subsequently did an MD in Hepatology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in 2006. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, the Indian College of Physicians and the American College of Gastroenterology. <mask> obtained Doctor of Philosophy from University of Malaya, Malaysia in 2021. Career <mask> is currently working as the Head, Division of Interventional Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). He is the past chairman, Department of Hepatology of the same university.He worked as visiting professor at the Department of Gastroenterology & Metabology, Ehime University, Japan and Member, Board of Studies, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India. He is member of the Strategic & Technical Advisory Group on Viral Hepatitis of World Health Organization-South-East Asia Region. Mahtab is a PhD thesis co-supervisor and PhD examiner at the University of Malaya, Malaysia, Tehran University, Iran, University of Madras and Dr. A P J Abul Kalam Technical University, India and University of Dhaka and Rajshahi University in Bangladesh. He is member of Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) Working Parties on hepatitis B, hepatitis C, acute on chronic liver failure and liver fibrosis, hepatitis B virus in pregnancy, Budd Chiari Syndrome and APASL COVID Task Force. <mask> is also a member of Regional Expert Panel on NAFLD/NASH and Survey Lead for Bangladesh of Global NAFLD Policy Review of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). Research Mahtab is the principal investigator of the phase-I/II and III clinical trials of NASVAC, a new generic for chronic hepatitis B, which is already registered in Bangladesh, Cuba, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Belarus and Angola. It is the first drug to be developed and registered in Bangladesh.NASVAC is also the ‘first novel molecule’ to be registered by the Directorate General of Drug Administration of the Bangladesh Government. Mahtab is the principal investigator of the clinical trial of GBPD060, the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate, developed in Bangladesh. Publications Mahtab has compiled six books, namely ‘Liver: A Complete Book on Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases’, published by Elsevier (2009), ’Comprehensive Text Book on Hepatitis B’, published by Jaypee (2010), ‘Fatty Liver Disease’ (2012) and 'Hepatitis Management Update' (2015) published by McMillan and 'Text Book of Hepato-Gastroenterology' (2015) and 'Practical Hepato-Gastroenterology Prescriber' (2016) published by Jaypee. He has more than 290 publications in international and national peer reviewed scientific journals. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, he has published to date 19 scientific articles related to COVID-19. He has more than 350 international and national scientific conference talks to his credit. Mahtab is serving on the Editorial Boards of several international journals in the fields of Hepatology and Gastroenterology including, Euro-Asian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology (Journal of Euro-Asian Gastroenterological Association) (Co-Editor-in-Chief), Hepatology International (journal of Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver) (Associate Editor) and Journal of Clinical, Experimental Hepatology (journal of Indian Association for the Study of the Liver) (Editorial Board Member), Hepatitis B Annual (Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, India) (Co-Editor-in-Chief) to name a few.He has published Bengali translations of 'White House Years: The Tilt-The India-Pakistan Crisis of 1971' (পাক ভারত যুদ্ধ ১৯৭১) (1993) by Henry Kissinger and 'Victory in Bangladesh' (একাত্তরের বিজয়) (1994) by Major General (Retd.) Lachman Singh. He has recently published four Bengali books, namely ‘Shekal Ekaler Korcha’ (সেকাল একালের কড়চা) (2018) ‘Ekhon Shomoy Bangladesher’ (এখন সময় বাংলাদেশের) (2019), ‘Poth Harabe Na Bangladesh (পথ হারাবে না বাংলাদেশে) (2020), ‘Bangabandhu, Muktijudhdha and Bangladesh’ (বঙ্গবন্ধু, মুক্তিযুদ্ধ ও বাংলাদেশ) (2021) from Mawla Brothers and ‘Liver Chikitshae Notun Sombhabona’(লিভার চিকিৎসায় নতুন সম্ভাবনা) (2018) from Mutkodhara, which are leading publication houses of the country. Awards 1.‘Premio Nacional’ from Cuban Academy of Sciences in 2019 2.“Order of Merit” from Euro-Asian Gastroenterological Association (2014) 3. "Blumberg Oration 2015" conferred by Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, India, (2016) 4. "Distinguished Scientist (Hepatology) Award" from Venus Research Foundation, India (2016) 5.“<mask> Marquis Life Time Achievement Award” (2018) from Marquis Who's Who 6.“Bishuddhananda Gold Medal” from Bangladesh Bouddha Krishty Prochar Songho (2018) Mahtab has received several awards for his contribution during COVID-19 pandemic including ‘Health Care Heroes Award 2020’ from Walton Group, Bangladesh, ‘Global Business CSR Award 2021’ from Bangladesh American Chamber of Commerce & Youth Commerce Communication International, ‘Wonca Global Healthcare Leadership Award 2021’ from World Organization of Family Physicians (Wonca), ‘COVID-19 Hero Award’ from Rotary International Zone 1B, Region 10. Affiliations He is four times elected Secretary General of Association for the Study of the Liver Diseases Bangladesh (ASLDB) (the national Hepatology Association of Bangladesh).He is also founder President of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hepatology Alumni Association and Executive Chairman of Forum for the Study of the Liver Bangladesh. He is the founder General Secretary of Bangladesh Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Society. He has organized several ‘first time in Bangladesh’ medical conferences including the first STEMCON in 2017 (1st international conference on stem cell therapy in Bangladesh) and first EndoVasculoCon in 2019 (1st live conference from endoscopy suit and vascular lab in the region). Mahtab played key role in organizing the First Padma-Ganga-Gomti Liver Conference 2019 at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in Dhaka. This is the first ever scientific conference of only Bengali Hepatologists. The conference was jointly organized by Forum for the Study of the Liver Bangladesh, Liver Foundation West Bengal and Hepatitis Foundation of Tripura. It was organized as a token of respect of the Bengali Hepatologists to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.<mask> is the Vice President of Euroasian Gastroenterological Association, Secretary General of South Asian Association for the Study of the Liver (SAASL) and International Coordinator of Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver (INASL). <mask> is member of the APASL Working Parties on hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF), Budd Chiari Syndrome and liver fibrosis. He is a member of the Steering Committee of the Patient Registry of Hepatitis Free Pahang Society, Malaysia. He is only Bangladeshi Hepatologists who proclaimed June 12 as ‘International NASH Day’ through a joint deceleration released simultaneously from London, Paris and New York in 2018. He is Member Secretary of Sampritee Bangladesh, Treasurer of Forum for Secular Bangladesh and Executive Member of Dhaka City North Awami League. <mask> was Councilor at the 21st National Council of the party in 2016 and 2019. Personal life <mask> comes from Sylhet.He is married to Dr. Nuzhat Choudhury. They have two children. His father late <mask> Uddin Ahmed was an civil engineer of Bangladesh. He served the Government of Bangladesh in the capacity of Chief Engineer, Roads & Highways Department. His mother Mrs. Ayesha <mask> is a house wife. References 1970 births Alumni of the University of London Bangladeshi hepatologists Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians Living people People from Sylhet

Miguel Ángel Virasoro (physicist)

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<mask> (; Buenos Aires, 9 May 1940 – Buenos Aires, 23 July 2021) was an Argentine theoretical physicist. Virasoro worked in Argentina, Israel, the United States, and France, but he spent most of his professional career in Italy at La Sapienza University of Rome. He shared a name with his father, the philosopher <mask>. He was known for his foundational work in string theory, the study of spin glasses, and his research in other areas of mathematical and statistical physics. The Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude, the Virasoro algebra, the super Virasoro algebra, the Virasoro vertex operator algebra, the Virasoro group, the Virasoro conjecture, the Virasoro conformal block, and the Virasoro minimal model are all named after him. Biography Early life in Argentina <mask> was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in on May 9, 1940. He shared a name with his father, a noted Argentinian philosopher who founded dialectical existentialism.The younger <mask> studied physics at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) from 1958 to 1966. He received his bachelor's degree in 1962 and his PhD in 1966. Research in Israel and the United States In 1966, <mask> left Argentina after La Noche de los Bastones Largos, a violent dislodging of students and teachers from UBA who opposed the military government of Argentinian General Juan Carlos Onganía. The military dictatorship of Onganía would last from 1966 to 1970. After leaving Argentina, <mask> worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel until 1968. He then worked at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-M) in the United States until 1969. After his time at UW-M, Virsasoro spent another year as a postdoc in the United States at the University of California, Berkeley.Return to Argentina <mask> returned to Argentina after the end of Juan Carlos Onganía's dictatorship in 1970. In 1971, he accepted a professorship at his alma mater UBA. <mask> remained at UBA until 1975, at which time he accepted a year-long position at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Then in 1976, General Jorge Rafael Videla came to power in Argentina and established another military dictatorship. As a result, <mask> was unable to return to his home country after his year in the United States and instead moved to Europe. Professional career in Europe In Europe, <mask> took a temporary position at the École normale supérieure in Paris, France in 1976. <mask> then moved to Italy in 1977 where he worked as a professor at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare at the University of Turin from 1977 until 1981.He then moved to La Sapienza University of Rome, where he remained for thirty years until his Italian retirement and his return to Argentina in 2011. At La Sapienza, Virasoro performed research in mathematical physics, string theory, and statistical mechanics and taught courses on electromagnetism and on physical-mathematical models for economics. He was also a director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy from 1995 until 2002. Later years and death In his later years, <mask> received several awards, honors, and appointments. In 1987, he was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. In 1993, he was awards the Rammal Award by the French Physical Society. In 1998, he was elected as an international honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.In 2009, he was awarded the Enrico Fermi Prize of the Italian Physical Society, which he shared with Greek physicist Dimitri Nanopoulos, for "the discovery of an infinite-dimensional algebra of primary importance for the construction of string theories." In 2020, he was awarded the Dirac Medal of the ICTP, which he shared with French physicists André Neveu and Pierre Ramond, "for their pioneering contributions to the inception and formulation of string theory which introduced new bosonic and fermionic symmetries into physics." From 2011 until his death, <mask> was an honorary professor at the Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento in his home country of Argentina. <mask> died on July 23, 2021, at the age of 81. Research String theory Much of Virasoro's early work helped found a branch of theoretical particle physics which would later be understood as string theory. In 1968 while <mask> was in Israel, his colleague Gabriele Veneziano discovered a formula (the Veneziano amplitude) which described the scattering of open strings. Then in 1969 during his time at University of Wisconsin-Madison, <mask> successfully generalized Veneziano's theory and discovered a formula (the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude) which described the scattering of closed strings.At the time, the formulas of Veneziano and Virasoro were understood in terms of so-called dual resonance models. Only later was their work understood to describe strings. Soon after his discovery of the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude, <mask> introduced what became known as the Virasoro algebra. The Virasoro algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra which describes the conformal symmetry of the worldsheet of a string embedded in spacetime. A supersymmetric generalization of this algebra, the super Virasoro algebra, describes the super conformal symmetry of the worldsheet of a supersymmetric string (or superstring). Pedagogical introductions to the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude and the Virasoro algebra may be found in David Tong's introductory lectures on string theory. Several mathematical concepts related to Lie algebras and conformal field theory are named after Virasoro.These include the Virasoro vertex operator algebra, the Virasoro group, the Virasoro conjecture, the Virasoro conformal block, and the Virasoro minimal model. Spin glasses While working in Italy, Virasoro studied spin glasses and other systems in statistical mechanics. Together with Italian physicist Giorgio Parisi and French physicist Marc Mézard, Virasoro discovered the ultrametric organization of low-temperature spin glass states in infinite dimensions. References 1940 births 2021 deaths Theoretical physicists String theorists Argentine scientists Argentine physicists People from Buenos Aires Sapienza University of Rome faculty University of Buenos Aires alumni Enrico Fermi Award recipients

Dee Duponte

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<mask> (fully <mask>, died 1971) was an American politician. She was a Democratic Representative and later Senator for Maui in the Hawaii Territorial Legislature. Her term as Territorial Senator ended in 1957. In 1958, she attempted suicide in her Waikiki apartment and was subsequently hospitalized until her death in 1971. Born Adelia Ashby in Augusta, Indiana, Duponte moved to the Territory of Hawaii from Kentucky and held a supervisory position at the Maui Pineapple Company for 14 years. Her 1948 firing made her a household name on Maui after she claimed that it was motivated by her husband's campaign to be County Attorney as a Democrat, and additionally led to an upset election the same year in which the Republicans were widely defeated. In 1950, Duponte was elected to the House of Representatives in the Hawaii Territorial Legislature after beginning her campaign late in the election season.As of 1951, she was the only woman Democrat in the Territorial Legislature. Her political views made her a controversial figure in the Territorial House. In 1954, Duponte was elected to the Hawaii Territorial Senate. The same year, Duponte moved from Maui to Honolulu, separating from her husband after he had an extramarital affair and fathered a child. Her term in the Hawaii Territorial Senate ended in 1957, and she and her husband were divorced in 1958. On November 20, 1958, she attempted suicide in her Waikiki apartment after discovering that her husband had remarried. She survived a self-inflicted gunshot to her head, and was hospitalized for over a decade before her eventual death, experiencing partial paralysis.She died in April 1971, at the age of 61 or 63. Early life and career Duponte was born Adelia Ashby in Augusta, Indiana. She moved to the Territory of Hawaii from Kentucky. In 1937 or 1931, she married <mask>. After moving to Hawaii, Duponte held a supervisory job at the Maui Pineapple Company for 14 years. In 1948, she was fired; she claimed that the firing was motivated by her support for her husband's campaign to be County Attorney as a Democrat. The company denied her assertions, but they rapidly made her famous on Maui, and additionally led to public resentment of perceived "boss rule" which in turn caused an upset election the same year in which the Republicans were routed.In politics After being fired from the Maui Pineapple Company, Duponte went on to run the headquarters of the Democratic Party of Hawaii in Wailuku, serving as the county-level secretary as well as sitting on the executive committee and chairing the platform and education committees. In 1950, Duponte began a campaign to enter the House of Representatives in the Hawaii Territorial Legislature; the campaign started late in the election season and concluded with <mask>'s election by a large margin to represent Maui. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin described Duponte in 1951 as a political "newcomer". In 1951, she was the only woman Democrat in the Territorial Legislature, and was chairperson of Maui's Democratic County Committee. While in the Territorial House of Representatives, Duponte became a controversial figure as a result of her opinions about who should be appointed to legislative committees as well as her criticism of conditions at Kalaupapa Settlement. She gained the political support of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union. Duponte served two terms in the Territorial House.She attended the 1952 Democratic National Convention as the National Committeewoman representing Hawaii. In 1954, Duponte was elected to the Hawaii Territorial Senate. Her political views remained controversial and sometimes led her Democratic colleagues to openly disavow her. The same year, Duponte moved from Maui to Honolulu, separating from her husband <mask> (then a Territorial Representative). Harold Duponte had recently fathered a child in an extramarital affair with another woman. In 1957, Duponte was working as director of employee training for Hawaiian Pineapple Company in addition to her position in the Territorial Senate. 600 women employees staged a one-day walkout, reportedly in response to difficulties caused by her.The Star-Bulletin reported that Duponte responded to a report of the walkout by saying "Fiddlesticks!" <mask>'s term in the Hawaii Territorial Senate ended in 1957. The following year, she and <mask> were divorced on the advice of a Catholic priest; the couple had been married for 21 years. Testimony in a legal case after Duponte's death regarding her will and testament suggested that the couple had been arguing and had marital issues, but intended to remarry each other within the Catholic Church. Later life and death On November 20, 1958, a year after Duponte's term in the Territorial Senate ended and three months after she was divorced from <mask>, she attempted suicide in her apartment in Waikiki by shooting herself in the head. The attempted suicide took place shortly after Harold Duponte married another woman; one of <mask>e's neighbors said that she had shut herself into her apartment since learning of the remarriage and seemed to be deeply distressed by it. She was 47 years old at the time of the attempt.After she was discovered lying on her bed dressed in a kimono and holding a pistol registered under her name, an ambulance rushed her to Queen's Hospital. After the suicide attempt, Duponte was hospitalized for over a decade before her eventual death. She was initially in a coma for several weeks. In January 1959, the Star-Bulletin reported that she had come out of the coma, and that on January 10 she had spoken for the first time since entering it in response to a doctor routinely asking whether she recognized him; she answered with his name and said that she was tired of eating Jello, asking for ice cream instead. According to Duponte's doctor at the time, her cognition was not damaged by the gunshot wound in her brain, but she was largely paralyzed and could only move one arm slightly. In September 1959 the Star-Bulletin reported that Duponte had been transferred from Queen's Hospital to Maluhia Hospital and was awake, alert, and able to feed herself; she remained unable to walk and was paralyzed on her left side and partially paralyzed on her right. She was allowed to leave the hospital for short periods.Doctors reported that she seemed unaware of her suicide attempt as a result of amnesia or enforced amnesia, and that she had been told that she had experienced a stroke. She would be confined in the hospital for more than 12 years. Duponte died of a heart attack at the age of 61 or 63 on April 22, 1971 at Maluhia Hospital. A Funeral Mass was held for her at St Anthony's Church in Wailuku, and her body was buried in a family plot at Kuau Cemetery. References 20th-century American politicians 20th-century American women politicians Hawaii Democrats Members of the Hawaii Territorial Legislature People from Oahu Women territorial legislators in Hawaii 1910s births 1971 deaths Year of birth uncertain

Keith Brown (Scottish politician)

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<mask> (born 20 December 1961) is a Scottish politician serving as Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) since 2018 and Cabinet Secretary for Justice and Veterans since 2021. He is a former Royal Marines commando and has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) since 2007, first representing the Ochil constituency from 2007 to 2011, then the Clackmannanshire and Dunblane constituency since 2011. Born in Edinburgh, <mask> served in the Falklands War, while serving in the Royal Marines. Upon leaving, he graduated from the University of Dundee and studied abroad in Canada. He was elected to the Clackmannanshire Council, representing Alva, and later became the SNP's group leader. Following the party's win in the 2003 election, <mask> served as the Leader of the Council. In the 2007 Scottish election, he was elected to served as the MSP for Ochil.He served as Minister for Schools and Skills from 2009 to 2010 and Minister for Transport and Infrastructure from 2010 to 2011. <mask> was re-elected to the Scottish Parliament in the 2011 election, this time representing the newly drawn constituency of Clackmannanshire and Dunblane. He was appointed Minister for Housing and Transport and in 2012 he added Veterans affairs onto his portfolio. After failing to win SNP Depute leadership in 2014, he was appointed as Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Investment and Cities from 2014 to 2016 by Nicola Sturgeon. He was re-elected in 2016 and was appointed Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Jobs and Fair Work, a position he held from 2016 to 2018. In the 2018, <mask> was elected Depute (Deputy) Leader of the SNP and left government to focus on his new position. Following the 2021 election, he was re-appointed to the Scottish Cabinet as Cabinet Secretary for Justice and Veterans.Early life Early years and education <mask> <mask> was born on 20 December 1961 in Edinburgh, where he attended Tynecastle High School. He served in the Royal Marines and served in the Falklands War. After leaving, he attended the University of Dundee, graduating in Politics in 1988. During his time at university, he studied abroad at the University of Prince Edward Island from 1985 to 1986. He then went to work in local government administration in Stirling and was also an active trade union representative with UNISON. Early political years While studying at Dundee University, <mask> joined the Scottish National Party. He was the SNP's candidate for the European Parliament for Lothians constituency in 1994, coming second with 53,324 votes.<mask> was then elected to represent Alva on the Clackmannanshire Council in a by-election in 1996. He became group leader in 1997, and then Leader of the Council after the SNP took control of Clackmannanshire in the 2003 local elections. Member of the Scottish Parliament <mask> was elected to the Scottish Parliament by Ochil constituency at the 2007 elections, increasing both absolute SNP vote and majority. He was appointed to be Convener of both the Parliament's Standards & Public Appointments Committee and Procedures Committee, and after overseeing their merger now convenes the new Standards, Procedures & Public Appointments Committee. In his maiden speech on the abolition of bridge tolls he declared that he still had an outstanding fine from the Skye Bridge protests of 1994. He has been an opponent of the proposals for an overhead electricity line from Beauly to Denny, arguing for an underground alternative. <mask> has also been campaigning for Scotland football matches to be available on terrestrial television.Junior Minister On 12 February 2009, <mask> was appointed Minister for Schools and Skills. On 8 December 2009, <mask> became Minister for Schools and Skills In the first reshuffle of the SNP Government. In December 2010, he was appointed as Minister for Transport and Infrastructure in the Scottish government. <mask> won re-election to the Scottish Parliament in 2011, representing the newly created Clackmannanshire and Dunblane. On 19 May 2011, <mask> was named as the Minister for Housing and Transport. On 5 September 2012, he became Minister for Transport and Veterans. SNP Depute leadership bid, 2014 Following defeat in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, Scottish National Party leader and First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond announced his resignation as SNP leader and First Minister of Scotland.In the aftermath of his resignation, a leadership bid was launched, with Deputy First Minister of Scotland and SNP Depute leader Nicola Sturgeon widely tipped to become Salmond's successor. On 25 September 2014, <mask> officially launched his bid to become the Depute leader of the Scottish National Party, with the backing of several SNP MSPs, as well as several Scottish Government ministers. The results of the election were announced at the SNP Autumn Conference on the 14 November, with <mask> losing the contest to Stewart Hosie, with 45.5% of the vote in the second round to Hosie's 55.5%. Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Investment and Cities On 21 November 2014, he was promoted to Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Investment and Cities in Nicola Sturgeon's first reshuffle. <mask> was re-elected to the Clackmannanshire and Dunblane constituency in 2016. Cabinet Secretary for the Economy, Jobs and Fair Work On 18 May, he was reshuffled to the position of Cabinet Secretary for the Economy, Jobs and Fair Work, while still maintaining responsibility for veterans affairs. In December 2016, <mask> led calls for Amazon to pay its employees the living wage after reports surfaced concerning the conditions of workers in the company's Dunfermline depot, holding talks with Amazon several days later in which he was told Amazon would "consider" paying the living wage.In July 2017, <mask> wrote to UK ministers on the need to continue legal protected status for the definition of Scotch whisky post-Brexit amid fears that in a future trade deal the USA “would support a relaxation of the definition of whisky, which would open the market up to a number of products which do not currently meet that standard.” Later on in 2017 he visited the US and Canada in a series of speaking engagements to promote economic ties between North American business communities and Scotland. Depute leader of the Scottish National Party On 8 June 2018, <mask> became the depute leader of the Scottish National Party, having contested and won the 2018 Scottish National Party depute leadership election with 55% of votes in the second round. At his acceptance speech at the SNP conference in Aberdeen, <mask> told fellow SNP members to prepare for a second Scottish independence referendum. <mask> also announced that he would chair three national assemblies to debate the SNP's 2018 Growth Commission report on an independent Scotland's economic prospects. Although <mask> was elected Depute Leader of the SNP, John Swinney remained as Sturgeon's Deputy First Minister despite <mask> being a member of the Scottish Parliament. In the June 2018 reshuffle of the Scottish Government, <mask> stood down as Economy Secretary to focus on his role as depute leader, He was replaced by Derek Mackay. He was subsequently given a role as the SNP's Campaign Manager.Cabinet Secretary for Justice and Veterans <mask> was re-appointed to the Scottish Cabinet as Cabinet Secretary for Justice and Veterans, in Nicola Sturgeon's third administration. See also Government of the 4th Scottish Parliament References External links personal website profile on Bannockburn SNP branch website |- |- |- |- 1961 births Living people Alumni of the University of Dundee Royal Navy personnel of the Falklands War Scottish National Party councillors 20th-century Royal Marines personnel Scottish National Party MSPs Members of the Scottish Parliament 2007–2011 Members of the Scottish Parliament 2011–2016 Members of the Scottish Parliament 2016–2021 Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–2026 People educated at Tynecastle High School

Charles XIII

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<mask>, or <mask> (, 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. He was the second son (and younger brother to King Gustav III) of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great. Though known as King <mask> in Sweden, he was actually the seventh Swedish king by that name, as <mask> (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted his numeral after studying a fictitious history of Sweden. In Norway he is known as <mask> II. Early life Prince <mask> was placed under the tutelage of Hedvig Elisabet Strömfelt and then Ulrica Schönström. He was appointed grand admiral when he was but few days old. He was described as a good dancer at the amateur theatre of the royal court.Reportedly he was not very close to his mother. The Queen preferred her youngest children, Sophie Albertine and Frederick Adolf. <mask> was, however, his father's favorite, and similar to him in personality. He was also described as close to his brother Gustav during their childhood. Because of his position as the heir to the throne after his elder brother Gustav, he was early targeted as a useful tool for the opposition to his brother: already in the 1760s, the Caps (party) tried to use him against his brother the crown prince through his then love interest countess Brita Horn, daughter of the Cap's politician Adam Horn. Gustav, however, was always careful to prevent <mask> from being used by the opposition, which came to its first test during the December Crisis (1768), when <mask>, ultimately, did not let himself be used by the Caps party. In 1770, he made a journey through Germany and France alone.Reign of Gustav III After the death of his father in 1771, when his brother the crown prince was abroad, the Caps once again attempted to use him against his brother, now King Gustav III of Sweden, and his mother Louisa Ulrika used this in order to have her own rights as a dowager queen respected by the Caps. Upon the departure of his mother to Prussia, and the return of his brother, however, Gustav III managed to win him to his side. In 1772 he cooperated in the Revolution of 1772 of his elder brother, King Gustav. He was given the task of using his connections in the Caps party to neutralize it and secure the southern provinces by use of the military, tasks he performed successfully and for which the king rewarded him with the title Duke of Södermanland. Duke <mask> in early years was the object of his mother's plans to arrange political marriages for her children. On the wish of his mother, he was to be married to her niece, his cousin Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt, a plan to which he had agreed in 1770. The government, however, refused to issue negotiations because of the costs.After the accession of Gustav III and the coup d'état which introduced absolute monarchy, his brother terminated these plans against their mother's will in October 1772, and began negotiations for a marriage between <mask> and his cousin Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp. As King Gustav had not consummated his own marriage, he wished to place the task of providing an heir to the throne with his brother. <mask> agreed to the marriage in August 1773, and the marriage took place the following year. After a false alarm of a pregnancy of Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte in 1775, the king finally consummated his own marriage. The royal couple lived separate private lives and each had extramarital affairs. During the great succession scandal of 1778, when queen dowager Louisa Ulrika questioned the paternity of the issue of Gustav III, <mask> sided with his brother the king against their mother, this despite the fact that it was in fact he who had informed her of the rumors regarding the legitimacy, something he however withheld from the king. <mask> was described as dependent and easily influenced.His numerous affairs gave him the reputation of being a libertine. He was reputed for his "harem" of lovers, of which the more well known were Augusta von Fersen, Charlotte Eckerman, Françoise-Éléonore Villain, Mariana Koskull and Charlotte Slottsberg, the last one reputed to have had political influence over him. He unsuccessfully courted Magdalena Rudenschöld, and her refusal of his advances has been pointed out as the cause of the harsh treatment he exposed her to as regent during the Armfelt conspiracy. After the late 1790s, when his health deteriorated as a result of a series of rheumatic attacks, his relationship to his consort improved and she gained more influence over him. The Duke was known for his interest in the supernatural and mysticism, and he was engaged in several secret societies. He was a member of the Freemasons. He was reportedly a client of the fortune teller Ulrica Arfvidsson, and he also favored the medium Henrik Gustaf Ulfvenklou.In 1811, he founded the Order of Charles XIII, a Swedish order of chivalry awarded only to a maximum number of 33 knights, on the condition of confessing the Lutheran Evangelic Religion and being Freemasons. All Princes and Kings of the Bernadotte dynasty, the royal house of Sweden are from baptism, incorporate parts of the royal order of knights and freemasons. In addition are the order of merit granted to members of foreign Grand Lodges affiliated to the so-called Swedish System, such as the Grande Loge Nationale Française, if of royal rank. When the Swedish order of Freemason's states that "Freemasonry in Sweden has continued to develop under leadership of their Grand Masters, all of them belonging to the Royal House since more than 200 years", the origin of which arrives in large from King <mask> of Norway, <mask> of Sweden. Duke <mask> was given several political tasks during his tenure as a duke. In 1777, he served as regent during Gustav III's stay in Russia. In 1780, he served as formal chief commander during the king's stay in Spa.The same year, Gustav III named him regent for his son should he succeed him while still a minor. However, he was not appointed regent during the journey of the king to Italy and France in 1783-84, and in the following years, he came under the influence of Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, who was in opposition to the monarch, and came to be less trusted by Gustav III. In 1785, he was offered the Dukedom of Courland by the nobility of the Duchy and given the support of Gustav III. This however never materialized. On the outbreak of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788 he served with distinction as admiral of the fleet, especially at the battles of Hogland (7 June 1788) and Öland (26 July 1789). On the latter occasion he would have won a signal victory but for the remissness of his second-in-command, Admiral Liljehorn. The autumn of 1789, Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte wished to depose Gustav III and place her husband Duke <mask> upon the throne.Her ideal was the Swedish Constitution of 1772, which she saw as a good tool for an enlightened aristocracy, and the war and the Union and Security Act had made her a leading part of the opposition. She cooperated with Prince Frederick Adolf of Sweden and Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm. The plan was to force <mask> to act as a symbol of the opposition to the Union and Security Act when the time was right. When the time arrived to make <mask> act, however, he refused, which effectively foiled the coup. <mask> was in close connection to the opposition against Gustav III, and it is debated whether he knew of and supported the plans to assassinate the king. Reign of Gustav IV Adolf On the assassination of Gustav III in 1792, <mask> acted as regent of Sweden till 1796 on behalf of his nephew, King Gustav IV, who was a minor when his father was shot in the Stockholm opera. Gustav III had designated him regent in his earlier will.When he was dying, he altered the will, and while still appointing <mask> regent of his minor son, he was no longer to rule absolute, but restricted by a government consisted of the supporters of Gustav III. After the death of the monarch, however, <mask> successfully contested the will and was given unlimited power as sole regent. The Duke-regent was in practice not willing or capable to manage the state affairs, reportedly because of his lack of energy and staying power. Instead, he entrusted the power of government to his favorite and adviser Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose influence over him was supreme. These four years have been considered perhaps the most miserable and degrading period in Swedish history; an Age of Lead succeeding an Age of Gold, as it has been called, and may be briefly described as alternations of fantastic jacobinism and the ruthless despotism. Reuterholm ruled as the uncontested regent de facto the entire tenure of the regency, "only seldom disturbed by other influences or any personal will of charles". The unexpectedly mild sentences of the involved in the regicide of Gustav III attracted attention.In 1794 the discovery of the Armfelt Conspiracy exposed the opposition of the Gustavian Party. The marriage negotiations of the young king disturbed the relationship to Russia, and the alliance with revolutionary France was greatly disliked by other powers. On the coming of age of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden in November 1796, the duke's regency ended. His relationship to Gustav IV Adolf was cordial though never close, and he was not entrusted with much responsibility during the rule of his nephew. In 1797 and 1798, he and his consort had their first children, though in neither case the child lived. After this, the Duke and Duchess made a journey through Germany and Austria in 1798–99. In 1803, the Boheman affair caused a severe conflict between Gustav IV Adolf and the ducal couple.The mystic Karl Adolf Boheman (1764–1831) had been introduced to the couple by Count Magnus Stenbock in 1793 and gained great influence by promising to reveal scientific secrets about the occult. Boheman inducted them into a secret society Yellow Rose in 1801, where both sexes where accepted as members, and to which the Counts and Countesses Ruuth and Brahe as well as the mother of the queen were introduced. Boheman was arrested upon an attempt to recruit the monarch, who accused him of revolutionary agendas and expelled him. The ducal couple were exposed in an informal investigation by the monarch, and the duchess was questioned in the presence of the royal council. In 1808, <mask> was again chief commander during Gustav IV Adolf's stay in Finland. He is presumed to have been, if not involved, aware of the plans to depose Gustav IV Adolf in 1809. He kept passive during the Coup of 1809, and accepted the post of regent from the victorious party after having assured himself that the deposed monarch was not in mortal danger.<mask> was initially not willing to accept the crown, however, out of consideration for the former king's son. Reign On 13 March 1809, those who had dethroned Gustav IV Adolf appointed <mask> regent, and he was finally elected king by the Riksdag of the Estates. By the time he became king, he was 60 years old and prematurely decrepit. In November 1809, he was affected by a heart attack, and was not able to participate in government. The new constitution which was introduced also made his involvement in politics difficult. A planned attempt to enlarge the royal power in 1809–10 was not put into effect because of his indecisiveness and health condition. His incapacity triggered a search for a suitable heir.The initial choice was a Danish prince, Christian August, who took the name <mask> upon being adopted by <mask>. However, <mask> died only a few months after his arrival in Sweden. One of Napoleon's generals, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, was then chosen as his successor. The new crown prince took over the government as soon as he landed in Sweden in 1810. <mask>'s condition deteriorated every year, especially after 1812, and he eventually became but a mute witness during the government councils chaired by the crown prince, having lost his memory and no longer being able to communicate. By the Union of Sweden and Norway on 4 November 1814 <mask> became king of Norway under the name Carl II of Norway. After eight years as king only by title, <mask> died without a natural heir on 5 February 1818, and Bernadotte succeeded him as King <mask> John.<mask> was the 872nd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain. Family He married his cousin Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (1759–1818), on 7 July 1774 in Stockholm. Both of their children died in infancy: Lovisa Hedvig (2 July 1797 in Stockholm). Stillborn; buried at Riddarholmskyrkan (Riddarholm Church). Carl Adolf, Duke of Värmland (4 July 1798 in Stockholm – 10 July 1798 in Stockholm). Lived six days; buried at Riddarholmskyrkan (Riddarholm Church). En kunglig släktkrönika Herman Lindqvist: Historien om Sverige.Gustavs dagar External links Nordisk familjebok http://www.historiesajten.se/visainfo.asp?id=51 1748 births 1818 deaths 19th-century Swedish monarchs 19th-century Norwegian monarchs <mask> 02 of Norway House of Holstein-Gottorp Swedish Freemasons Regents of Sweden Swedish monarchs of German descent Burials at Riddarholmen Church Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star Grand Crosses of the Order of Vasa Grand Masters of the Order of Charles XIII Knights of the Order of Charles XIII Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain People of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) Swedish admirals Dukes of Södermanland Sons of kings

Mario Escudero

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<mask> (October 11, 1928 – November 19, 2004), was one of a handful of Spanish flamenco guitar virtuosos who, following on the footsteps of Ramon Montoya, helped spread flamenco beyond their Spanish homeland when they migrated to the United States in the early 1950s. Along with others such as his Sabicas, Carlos Montoya and Juan Serrano, <mask> helped forge the viability of solo flamenco guitar as a concert instrument, with lauded performances at New York's Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, and other venues. Invited to perform at the White House for President John F. Kennedy, <mask> was counted among the best in his era; Ramón Montoya called him "the best flamenco guitarist of this new generation." During the early part of his career, at the age of 15 (1944 - 1954), he began touring extensively with the best known flamenco companies throughout Spain and the rest of Europe (Rosario and Antonio, Vicente Escudero, Estrellita Castro, and Carmen Amaya), playing both as soloist and guitar accompanist. During this time, he made several records with Estrellita Castro, accompanied many of the best flamenco singers of the time, (including Niña de los Peines, Tomas Pavon, José Cepero, Juanito Mohama, Pepe de la Matrona, Jacinto Almadén, Rafael Farina, Pericón de Cadiz, Palanca, Chiquito de Triana, Canalejas de Puerto Real and others,. and provided the musical background to several films: Brindis a Manolete (1948), with Paquito Rico, Jose Greco, Manolo Badajoz, Rafael Romero "El Gallina", Trio Escudero (<mask>). This is the first time Escudero would meet Jose Greco, with whom he would perform several years later.Jalisco Canta en Sevilla (1949), with Jorge Negrete and Carmen Sevilla Cafe Cantante (1951), with Imperio Argentina, Angel Pericet, Rafael Farina, <mask>. In this film, <mask> is playing is the entire soundtrack. After completing his obligatory military service in Spain, he toured Central and South America with Carmen Amaya, and in early 1955, the United States with both <mask> and Jose Greco as soloist and guitar accompanist (from 1950 - 1956). From 1958 - 1961, he formed his own group "Capricho Español" and performed extensively in Central and South America. From 1961 onward, he settled in the United States to focus on what would become a very successful career as a flamenco concert guitarist. In total, his career as a performer and concert guitarist spanned 47 years, beginning with Vicente Escudero in 1944, and ending in 1991, with his last concert appearances in Spain and the United States. During all of this period, he had a very active concert schedule, performing on a regular basis in the United States and internationally, including several concert tours to Russia (then the Soviet Union), Japan, Hong Kong and Turkey, all as a private citizen; that is, not backed or sponsored by State-financed organizations in any way.His career as a recording artist, however, was much shorter (17 years, from 1952 - 1969), essentially beginning with his first long play record in 1952 ("El Pili Flamenco", Esoteric-2001, 1952), in which he played guitar duos with Alberto Velez and accompanied the singer "El Pili"), and ending with his last double record album with the Musical Heritage Society in 1969 ("<mask>dero Plays Classical Flamenco Music", MHS 994/995, 1969). He did not make any more records after 1969, as a result of his long lasting dislike over what he considered to be ongoing unfair commercial practices on the use of his original recordings by some record companies. Nevertheless, during this relatively brief 17 year period, Escudero made over 30 original long play records (both as <mask> Escudero and as "El Niño de Alicante"). While he composed more than 250 of his own works, he regularly performed and recorded the works of other notable flamenco and classical guitar masters, like Niño Ricardo ("Almoradí", "Recuerdo a Sevilla"), Esteban de Sanlucar ("Castillo de Xauen", "Mantillas de Feria") or Tarrega ("Recuerdos de la Alhambra"). When he was not performing, he very much enjoyed teaching flamenco guitar to his many students, writing down his own compositions, and furthering his knowledge of harmony and counterpoint, both on his own and studying with other teachers himself. Lastly, he loved listening to and learning from all types of music, including jazz, "soft" rock, all types of folk music and, of course, classical composers like Albeniz, Falla, Granados, Wagner, Beethoven and Bach (the latter of which he always referred to as "el payo Bach", as he regularly listened to Simon Preston´s album of his complete organ works). He died November, 19th 2004, in Miami, Florida, USA.Biography <mask> was born in Alicante, Spain, on October 11, 1928. His mother was Alfonsa Valero Valverde (d. 1947, a/k/a "Josefina", which was her artistic pseudonym). She was a Spanish singer. His father was <mask> Jiménez (d. 1966), a gypsy. Jesus´s family originally came from Tudela, Navarre, Spain, although they also settled in Huesca and Zaragoza (Aragón). <mask> was an only child. Settling in the Spanish city of San Sebastian, the family opened and ran a tailor shop.The breakout of the Spanish Civil War forced them to emigrate to southern France. While in France, Jesus formed the "Trio Escudero". The three members of the Trio Escudero were <mask>´s father Jesus, his mother, and his aunt Milagros. They performed with artists like Maurice Chevalier and Mistinguette. Escudero's first performance in 1937 at the age of 9 was with Chevalier at the Cinema Galia in Bordeaux, France. After the war, the family returned to Spain and settled in Madrid, although they always lived between Madrid and San Sebastian, as <mask> would himself recalled in several interviews. His father, while not a soloist, was a guitar accompanist.Personal life In 1952, <mask> married Maria Amaya, with whom he had a son. <mask> and Maria separated after a few years, and they both remarried. <mask> eventually married his second wife, Anita Ramos, and the couple had three children. Career 1944 - 1965 On April 15, 1944, <mask> gave his first performance as a soloist, and accompanied <mask> and Carmita Garcia at the Palacio de la Musica theater in Barcelona. On June 6, 1944, he debuted with them and his teacher in Madrid at the Teatro Español. For approximately the next 5 years, he frequently performed with Estrellita Castro, and <mask>. His early solo performances are well received by the public and critics. )Escudero began to perform frequently with Carmen Amaya in early 1950, when he joined her to tour South America. In September, 1951, he again performed with her at the Teatro Fontalba in Madrid. In 1952, Escudero made the record "El Pili" Flamenco. In April 1953, he performed with Carmen Amaya again at the Teatro Quintero in Madrid, and was on tour with her again throughout Spain until September, 1951. He joined Estrellita Castro and her "Romeria" show to perform at La Zarzuela Theater, and remained with her until May 1954. In 1955, Escudero made two records: "Flamenco played by <mask>" "Fiesta Flamenca" - with "El Bailete" Together with his new group "El Bailete", he rejoined Vicente Escudero for Vicente's farewell tour of the United States, starting in February 1955. In April 1956 he rejoins <mask> at the Plaza Hotel Persian Room in New York for a 3-week engagement.In one of these performances at the Persian Room, Escudero tripped on someone´s foot, falling on top of his guitar, smashing it beyond repair. Escudero got up, went back stage, got a replacement guitar, and returned to complete the show to a standing ovation. In 1956, Escudero made four records: "<mask> and his flamenco guitar" "Guitar Variations - <mask> with Domingo Alvarado" "Danzas y Canciones de Andalucia" "Luisa Triana, with <mask> - Temas de España" He performed again at Carnegie Hall, New York, with dancer Luisa Triana, and singer

Mario Escudero

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Chinin de Triana on June 9, 1956. In 1957, Escudero made six records: "Vicente Escudero. Flamenco!" "Sabicas and Escudero, Flamenco Styles on Two Guitars" "Federico Garcia Lorca - Poemas del Cante Jondo", with Enrique Montoya Juerga Gitana, Enrique Montoya with <mask>o "Mario Escudero y su Ballet Flamenco" "Flamenco Festival in Hi Fi" At the end of 1956, Escudero decided not to return to Spain, but remain with his family in the United States. He performed at the Chateau Madrid, New York, with Tere Maya (January 4 -28, 1957), Palumbos, Philadelphia (February, 1957), The Orange Gardens of the Everglades Club (March, 1957), while he continued to his regular TV and radio performances as a solist, appearing on "The Vic Damone Show" (July and November, 1957), "The Ed Sullivan Show" (March, 1957), "The Johnny Carson Show" (June, 1957), "Jack Paar Show" (October, 1957), Channel 5, Baltimore (October 5, 1957), KCBH Radio (October 11, 1957), and others.Again he performed at Carnegie Hall, with Tere Amoros (November, 1957). In 1958, he made five records: Viva Flamenco! The Fantastic Guitars of Sabicas and Escudero Flamenco Carnival Festival Gitana Sabicas - Gypsy Flamenco From early 1959 until the end of 1960, he performed with his own group "El Capricho Español" throughout Central and South America, and also performed with Miguel Molina on various occasions in theaters and television, in both Argentina and Uruguay. 1965 - 1981 On a few occasions, Escudero performed with orchestras. The Spanish composer, Federico Moreno Torroba, based his "Fantasia Flamenca" for guitar and orchestra on his themes, and Escudero premiered it at Carnegie Hall on November 28, 1976, with the American Symphony Orchestra, Antonio Almeida conducting. Upon special request, he also performed Rodrigo´s "Concierto de Aranjuez" on the 17th and the 18th of November, 1977, with the Lexington Philharmonic Orchestra under George Zack. List of performances and concerts 1944 - 1954 (Spain, Europe and South America) April 15, 1944, Palacio de la Musica, (Barcelona): <mask>'s first performance as a professional guitarist was at the age of 15.Cast: Includes <mask>, Carmita Garcia, <mask> and Manuel Rivera. Palacio de la Musica. June 6, 1944, Teatro Español (Madrid): <mask> debuts with <mask> and Carmita Garcia in Madrid. Cast: Includes <mask>, Carmita Garcia, Ramon Montoya ("...a la guitarra de concierto). A repeat concert was scheduled for June 9th, but had to be suspended due to sickness of Carmita Garcia. July 20, 1945, Plaza de Toros Arenas (Barcelona): Espectaculo "Grandioso Espectaculo Andaluz". Cast: <mask> (as soloist), but also accompanies Canalejas, Palanca, Niño Leon and Chiquito de Triana.In 1945, in San Sebastian, <mask> records with Estrellita Castro, "Los Marismeños" (Bulerias) and "Niña Caracola" (Tanguillos) - (78 RPM, Columbia R 14333). September 27, 28, 1946, Teatro Romea (Barcelona): Cast: Includes Pepe Blanco, Carmen Morell, <mask> and <mask>. Critic comments "<mask>o...notable concertista ...". January 8 and 9, 1947, Teatro Cómico de Madrid (Madrid): Show "Yo Soy un Señorito". Cast: Includes Pericon de Cadiz, Lola Ramos, <mask>, Ricardo Alpuente, Rosita Cadenas and Charito Sainz de Mirras. September 6, 1947, Teatro de La Zarzuela (Madrid): <mask> and Carmita Garcia. The reviewer says "hubo aplausos para todos...y para <mask>o en sus interpretaciones como solista", making it clear that, since the beginning, <mask>´s interest was to follow in the footsteps of his mentor, Ramon Montoya, and not only be a guitar accompanist.January 17 - 24, 1948, Sala de Fiestas Madrigal (Madrid). The advertisement only mentions <mask> "...el gran guitarrista" Marzo 5, 1952, Teatro Alcazar (Madrid): Cast: Includes Rosario y Antonio, El Pili, <mask>, Alberto Velez, Juan de la Mata, Angel Currás, Julian Perera Marzo, 14, 1952 - April 6, 1952, Teatro Español (Madrid): Cast: Includes Rosario y Antonio, El Pili, <mask>, Alberto Velez, Juan de la Mata, Angel Currás, Julian Perera. June 16, 17, 1952, Plaza de los Aljibes de La Alhambra (Granada): Cast: Includes Rosario y Antonio, El Pili, <mask>, Alberto Velez, Juan de la Mata, Angel Currás, Julian Perera Julio 1 - 6, 1952, Teatro Maravillas (Madrid): Cast: Includes Rosario y Antonio, El Pili, <mask>, Alberto Velez, Juan de la Mata, Angel Currás, Julian Perera. September 11, 1952, Theatre des Champs-Elysses (Paris): Cast: Includes Rosario y Antonio, El Pili, <mask>, Alberto Velez, Juan de la Mata, Angel Currás, Julian Perera September 24, 1953, Teatro de la Zarzuela (Madrid): Estrellita Castro."Romeria". Cast: Includes Estrellita Castro, <mask>, El Granaino, Laura Alonso, Esperanza Ortiz, Laura Roman, Estrella Lopez, among others. In May, 1953, Estrellita Castro announces her return to Spain after 5 years in South America . October 7, 11, 1953, Teatro de la Zarzuela (Madrid): Estrellita Castro."Romeria".Cast: Includes Estrellita Castro, <mask>, El Granaino, Laura Alonso, Esperanza Ortiz, Laura Roman, Estrella Lopez, among others. December 23, 1953 - 7/1/1954, Teatro Calderon (Madrid): Estrellita Castro."Romeria". Cast: Includes Estrellita Castro, <mask>, El Granaino, Laura Alonso, Esperanza Ortiz, Laura Roman, Estrella Lopez, among others In 1954, in Barcelona, <mask> records with Estrellita Castro, "Gitanos Falsificaos" and "La Salinera" - (78 RPM, Odeon 204523). Also with guitarist Antonio Serra. In 1954, in Barcelona, <mask> records with Estrellita Castro, "Tanguillos del Campo de Gibraltar" - (78 RPM, Odeon 204522). Also with guitarist Antonio Serra. April 17, 1954, Teatro de la Zarzuela (Madrid): Estrellita Castro "Romeria".Cast: Includes Estrellita Castro, <mask>, El Granaino, Maria Amaya, Amalia Roman, Esperanza Ortiz, Josele, Paco Sanchez. This is an entirely new group, and <mask>´s wife, Maria Amaya, joins the group. May 5, 1954, Teatro Maravillas (Madrid): Estrellita Castro "Romeria". Cast: Includes Estrellita Castro, <mask>, El Granaino, Maria Amaya, Amalia Roman, Esperanza Ortiz, Josele, Paco Sanchez. 1955 - 1961 (United States, Central and South America) January 25, 1955. <mask>, together with his wife Maria Amaya, his cousin <mask>, and other members of his "Bailete", as well as members of Vicente Escudero´s own dance company, arrived in New York City on January 25, 1955 on board the USS Constitution. Recordings <mask>'s first recordings date from 1945 when he was 16 years old, as an accompanist to Estrellita Castro.He recorded three albums of guitar duets with Sabicas: 1957: "Sabicas and Escudero, Flamenco Styles on Two Guitars" 1958: "The Fantastic Guitars of Sabicas and Escudero" 1959: "The Romantic Guitars of Sabicas and Escudero" Shortly before he died, a reporter asked Sabicas: "Which, of the many records you have made during your long career, is your favorite?" He did not have to wait too long for his reply: "Of all, I only like the one I made with the guitarist <mask>." Be it as it may, the fact is that both Sabicas and Escudero listened to these records, especially the first two "Flamenco Styles on Two Guitars" and " The Fantastic Guitars of Sabicas and Escudero", practically in every family reunion. Escudero liked the same two records he made with Sabicas. He was also fond of the ones he had made with ABC Paramount, and of the last double album he recorded with the Musical Heritage Society in 1969. References External links Flamenco Guitar Solos Album Details at Smithsonian Folkways SGAE Miguel Borrull (hijo) recordings (Biblioteca Nacional de España. Pepe Blanco "El Granate" and "Barquito de Vela" (Odeon 204151 SO 9811 / 9810, 1946), accompanied by <mask>."Patios de la Alhambra", by <mask> (played by <mask> <mask>, 2011) 1928 births Spanish flamenco guitarists Spanish male guitarists People from Alicante 2004 deaths 20th-century Spanish musicians 20th-century guitarists 20th-century Spanish male

Thomas Newman

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<mask> (born October 20, 1955) is an American composer best known for his many film scores. In a career that has spanned over four decades, he has scored numerous classics including The Player, The Shawshank Redemption, Cinderella Man, American Beauty, The Green Mile, In the Bedroom, Angels in America, Finding Nemo, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, WALL-E, the James Bond films Skyfall and Spectre, Finding Dory and 1917. <mask> has been nominated for fifteen Academy Awards, tying him with fellow composer Alex North for the most nominations without a win. He has also been nominated for four Golden Globes, and has won two BAFTAs, six Grammys and an Emmy Award. <mask> was honored with the Richard Kirk award at the 2000 BMI Film and TV Awards. The award is given annually to a composer who has made significant contributions to film and television music. His achievements have contributed to the <mask>s being the most nominated Academy Award extended family, with a collective 92 nominations in various music categories.Personal life Born in Los Angeles, California, <mask> is the youngest son of Martha Louis Montgomery (1920–2005) and composer <mask> (1900–1970), who won the Academy Award for Best Original Score nine times. He is a member of a film-scoring dynasty in Hollywood that includes his father Alfred, older brother <mask>, younger sister <mask>, uncles <mask> and <mask>, cousin <mask> (also known as a singer and songwriter), and his first cousin, once removed, <mask>. His paternal grandparents were Russian Jewish immigrants, and his mother was from Mississippi. During their upbringing, <mask> took her sons to violin lessons in the San Fernando Valley every weekend. <mask> later studied composition and orchestration for two years at the University of Southern California, before transferring to Yale University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1977 and a Master of Music in 1978. While at Yale, he met composer Stephen Sondheim, who became an early mentor. <mask> and his wife Ann Marie have three children.They reside in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles. Career At first, <mask> was more interested in musical theater than in film composition, working with Sondheim in Broadway plays. Lionel, who succeeded Alfred as music director for 20th Century Fox, gave <mask> his first scoring assignment on a 1979 episode of the series The Paper Chase. In 1983, John Williams, who was a friend of both Alfred and Lionel, invited <mask> to work on Return of the Jedi, orchestrating the scene where Darth Vader dies. Afterwards <mask> met producer Scott Rudin in New York City and Rudin invited him to compose the score for Reckless (1984). <mask> said that he thought "it was a tough job, at first" for requiring him to "develop vocabularies and a sense of procedure", only getting comfortable with writing scores "and not fraudulent in my efforts" after 8 years. In 1992, <mask> composed the score for Robert Altman's The Player and Martin Brest's Scent of a Woman.In 1994, he received his first Academy Award nominations with the scores for Frank Darabont's The Shawshank Redemption and Gillian Armstrong's Little Women. He also scored Jon Avnet's The War. In 1996, he scored Diane Keaton's Unstrung Heroes, receiving yet another Oscar nomination. In 1998, he scored Robert Redford's The Horse Whisperer as well as Martin Brest's Meet Joe Black. In 1999, <mask> composed the score to Sam Mendes' first feature film American Beauty, created using mainly percussion instruments. <mask> believed the score helped move the film along without disturbing the "moral ambiguity" of the script, saying "It was a real delicate balancing act in terms of what music worked to preserve that.". He received a fourth Oscar nomination for this score, and although he lost again (to John Corigliano for The Red Violin), he did receive a Grammy and a BAFTA.His critical and commercial success continued in the years to follow with his scores for films such as Steven Soderbergh's Erin Brockovich, and Todd Field's In the Bedroom. He was nominated consecutively for a further three Academy Awards, for Sam Mendes' Road to Perdition (2002), Andrew Stanton's Finding Nemo (2003), and Brad Silberling's Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004). However, he lost on each occasion to Elliot Goldenthal (for Frida), Howard Shore (for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King), and Jan A. P. Kaczmarek (for Finding Neverland). In 2006, he teamed once again with Todd Field for Little Children and Steven Soderbergh for The Good German (he was nominated for latter). At the Oscar ceremony, he appeared in the opening segment by Errol Morris, who jokingly stated that <mask> had been nominated for and failed to win an Oscar eight times. <mask> replied: "No, I've failed seven but this will be my eighth", and indeed, he again lost, this time to Gustavo Santaolalla for Babel. His first score since The Good German was for Alan Ball's Towelhead.In 2008 he scored the animated film WALL-E, collaborating for the second time with director Andrew Stanton (with the first collaboration being Finding Nemo). The film won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature (as had Nemo). <mask> received two Oscar nominations: one for Best Original Score, and another for Best Original Song for "Down to Earth", which he co-wrote with Peter Gabriel. He was nominated in the Original Score category with two other veteran composers, James Newton Howard and Danny Elfman, both of whom have also been nominated for several Oscars but each time unsuccessfully. <mask> lost both the score and song nominations to A R Rahman for his work on Slumdog Millionaire. He and Peter Gabriel did however win a Grammy for "Down to Earth". In 2008 he also scored Sam Mendes' Revolutionary Road.In 2009, he scored Jim Sheridan's Brothers (the remake of the Susanne Bier film). In 2011, he scored Tate Taylor's The Help, John Madden's The Debt, Phyllida Lloyd's The Iron Lady, and George Nolfi's The Adjustment Bureau. In 2012, <mask> scored John Madden's The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel. He also scored the 23rd James Bond movie Skyfall, which celebrates the film franchise's 50th anniversary. His work on this film earned him his eleventh Oscar nomination and a second BAFTA win. During 2013, he scored Steven Soderbergh's Side Effects and John Lee Hancock's Saving Mr. Banks. The latter score was very well received by film music critics, earning <mask> BAFTA and Oscar nominations for the second consecutive year, both of which he lost to Steven Price for Gravity.<mask>'s 2014 projects included David Dobkin's The Judge and Tate Taylor's Get on Up. In 2015, he scored John Madden's The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, marking the first time <mask> has scored a sequel to a film he also wrote the score for. Also that year, <mask> returned to score Sam Mendes' 24th James Bond movie Spectre, the sequel to Skyfall and collaborated with Steven Spielberg for Bridge of Spies, marking <mask>'s first collaboration with Spielberg and the first Spielberg film not to feature a musical score from his long-time composer John Williams, since the production of The Color Purple in 1985. For his score on Bridge of Spies, <mask> garnered additional Oscar and Grammy nominations. In 2016, <mask> scored the motion picture Morten Tyldum's Passengers starring Chris Pratt, Jennifer Lawrence, Michael Sheen, and Laurence Fishburne, for which he received his 14th Oscar nomination. Three years later, <mask> reunited with Sam Mendes for his war film 1917, for which <mask> received his 6th BAFTA and 15th Oscar nominations. <mask> likes to vary the instrumentation in his scores, ranging from full orchestra to percussion-only music.He is also fond of incorporating unusual instruments such as the zither, hurdy-gurdy, psaltery and hammered dulcimer, or unexpected sounds, like Aboriginal chants and the chirping of cicadas. The composer declared that he has "an interest in mundane experimentation." Filmography Film 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Television Additional soundtracks and music 2005: Brokeback Mountain (Trailer) (from The Shawshank Redemption) 2005: Corpse Bride (Trailer) (from Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events) 2005: Madagascar (from American Beauty) 2005: Fun with Dick and Jane (from Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events) 2006: Eight Below (Trailer) (from Finding Nemo) 2007: Sicko (from Little Children, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events and In the Bedroom) 2007: No Reservations (Trailer) (from Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events and American Beauty) 2009: Bigfoot (Trailer) (from WALL-E) 2010: Alice in Wonderland (Teaser Trailer) (from Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events) <mask> has also composed music for television, including theme music for the series Boston Public and the miniseries Angels in America. His theme music for the television show Six Feet Under won two Grammy Awards in 2003, for Best Instrumental Composition as well as Best Instrumental Arrangement. He also wrote the theme for the HBO series Newsroom. <mask> also wrote a commissioned concert work for orchestra, Reach Forth Our Hands, for the 1996 Cleveland Bicentennial. The Los Angeles Philharmonic commissioned an orchestral work by <mask>, It Got Dark, which was performed by the Kronos Quartet and Los Angeles Philharmonic and conducted by Leonard Slatkin during the orchestra's 2009–2010 season.He composed the incidental music for the Washington Shakespeare Theatre Company's 2014 production of As You Like It, directed by Michael Attenborough and starring Zoe Waites. He also collaborated with composer and multi-instrumentalist Rick Cox in an electro-acoustic album 35 Whirlpools Below Sound; which is released under the label Cold Blue Music in 2014. Awards and nominations References External links 1955 births 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 21st-century American composers 21st-century American male musicians American film score composers American male classical composers American people of Russian-Jewish descent American television composers Animation composers Annie Award winners Best Original Music BAFTA Award winners Emmy Award winners Grammy Award winners Jewish American film score composers Living people American male film score composers Male television composers Musicians from Los Angeles Thomas Pixar people Varèse Sarabande Records artists La-La Land Records artists

Olli Mustonen

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<mask> (born 7 June 1967 in Vantaa, Finland) is a Finnish pianist, conductor, and composer. Biography Mustonen studied harpsichord and piano from the age of five with Ralf Gothóni and then Eero Heinonen. He studied composition with Einojuhani Rautavaara from 1975 and in 1987 won the Young Concert Artists International Auditions, which led to his New York City recital debut at Carnegie Hall. His debut solo piano recording for Decca, of the cycles of preludes by Shostakovich and Charles-Valentin Alkan, won both the Gramophone and Edison awards. In addition to Decca, he has also made recordings for RCA and Ondine, notably of works by Beethoven and various modern Russian composers. Mustonen has performed with numerous major international orchestras and is regarded as "one of the internationally best-known pianists of his generation." He has been artistic director of the Korsholm Music Festival in 1988 and the Turku Music Festival from 1990–1992.He is co-founder and director of the Helsinki Festival Orchestra, and since 2003 has conducted the chamber orchestra Tapiola Sinfonietta. He performed the world premiere of Rodion Shchedrin's Piano Concerto No. 5 ("Four Russian Songs", 1998), which was dedicated to him, with Esa-Pekka Salonen and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, on 11 October 1999. As a composer, his work shows a "predilection for contrapunctally interwoven compositions and works of the 20th century which take up ideas from the 17th and 18th centuries (e.g. the Bach arrangements by Ferruccio Busoni and the cycles of preludes and fugues by Paul Hindemith or Shostakovich)." Recordings As pianist unless otherwise stated. 1 (San Francisco Symphony Orchestra/Herbert Blomstedt) – Decca Records (1996) Janáček/Shostakovich/Prokofiev: Works For Cello & Piano (Steven Isserlis, cello) – RCA Red Seal (1996) Prokofiev: Visions fugitives; Hindemith: Ludus tonalis – Decca Records (1996) Beethoven: Airs and variations, op.105; Ländler, WoO 11; Variations, WoO 77; Rondo, op.51/1; Variations, WoO 68; Minuet, WoO 82; Ecossaises, WoO 83; Bagatelles, op.126; Allegretto, WoO 61 – London Records (1996) Bach: 12 Preludes & Fugues from The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1; Shostakovich: 12 of 24 Preludes & Fugues, Op.87 – RCA Red Seal (1999) Beethoven: Diabelli Variations – RCA Red Seal (1999) Messiaen: Quatuor pour la fin du temps; Shostakovich: Piano Trio No. 2 (Michael Collins, clarinet; Joshua Bell, violin; Steven Isserlis, cello) – Decca Records (2000) Prokofiev: Piano Concerto No. 3 (City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra/Sakari Oramo) – Image Entertainment DVD (2000) Shchedrin: Cello Concerto, Seagull Suite (Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra; <mask> Mustonen, conductor) – Ondine Records (2001) <mask> Mustonen: Triple Concerto; Petite Suite; Nonets Nos. 1 & 2 (Tapiola Sinfonietta; <mask> Mustonen, conductor) – Ondine Records (2001) Mustonen plays Sibelius: Pieces, Op. 58; Jääkärien marssi, op.91a; Pieces, op.76; Rondinos, op.68; Bagatelles, op.34 – Ondine Records (2003) Sibelius: Symphony No. 3; Hindemith: The Four Temperaments (Helsinki Festival Orchestra; <mask> Mustonen, conductor) – Ondine Records (2003) Mozart: Violin Concertos 3, 4 & 5 (Tapiola Sinfonietta; Pekka Kuusisto, violin; <mask> Mustonen, conductor) – Ondine Records (2003) Bach & Shostakovich: Preludes & Fugues Vol.2 [completes the collections began in the 1999 recording] – Ondine Records (2004) Prokofiev: Cinderella Suite, Music for Children – Ondine Records (2006) Rachmaninoff: Piano Sonata No. 1; Tchaikovsky: The Seasons – Ondine Records (2006) Beethoven: Piano Concertos 1 & 2 (Tapiola Sinfonietta; Olli Mustonen, piano & conductor) – Ondine Records (2007) Beethoven: Piano Concerto No.3 & Piano Concerto, op.61a (Tapiola Sinfonietta; <mask> Mustonen, piano & conductor) – Ondine Records (2007) Beethoven: Piano Concertos 4 & 5 (Tapiola Sinfonietta; <mask> Mustonen, piano & conductor) – Ondine Records (2009) Respighi: Concerto in modo misolydio (Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra/Sakari Oramo) – Ondine Records (2010) Scriabin: 12 Etudes, Op. 8, 6 Preludes, Op. 13, 5 Preludes, Op. 16, Piano Sonata No. 10, Op. 70, Vers la flamme (Poème), Op. 72 – Ondine Records (2012) Compositions For a complete list, see the external link for the Finnish Music Information Centre.Divertimento (1979) for piano and orchestra Fantasia (1985) for piano and strings Toccata (1989) for piano, string quartet and double bass Two Nonets (1995, 2000) for two string quartets and double bass Concerto for Three Violins (1998) Sinuhe – sonata for solo oboe (2005–2006) Jehkin Iivana – sonata for guitar (2004) or piano (2006) Sonata for cello and piano (2006) Symphony No. 1 Tuuri (2012) for baritone and orchestra String Quintet No. 1 (2015) String Quartet No. 1 (2017) His composition style combines elements of the neo-classical, neo-baroque and romantic idioms, and he has also used minimalist patterns: 'The Baroque elements echo Stravinsky's Pulcinella or the stylizations of Martinů or Ottorino Respighi; these elements dominate the vivacious and rhythmic fast movements, whereas the slow movements are emphatically Romantic.' References External links Music Finland: <mask> Mustonen Hazard Chase Management: <mask> Mustonen Ondine Records: <mask> Mustonen Schott Music: <mask> Mustonen Bach-Cantatas.com: <mask> Mustonen Interview with <mask> Mustonen, May 14, 1991 1967 births Living people People from Vantaa Finnish classical pianists Finnish conductors (music) Finnish classical composers 20th-century classical composers 21st-century classical composers Contemporary classical music performers Sibelius Academy alumni Eurovision Young Musicians Finalists Finnish male classical composers Male classical pianists 20th-century conductors (music) 21st-century conductors (music) 21st-century classical pianists 20th-century male musicians 21st-century male musicians

Harry Morgan

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<mask> (born <mask>; April 10, 1915 – December 7, 2011) was an American actor and director whose television and film career spanned six decades. <mask>'s major roles included Pete Porter in both December Bride (1954–1959) and Pete and Gladys (1960–1962); Officer Bill Gannon on Dragnet (1967–1970); Amos Coogan on Hec Ramsey (1972–1974); and his starring role as Colonel Sherman T. Potter in M*A*S*H (1975–1983) and AfterMASH (1983–1985). <mask> also appeared in more than 100 films. Early life and career <mask> was born <mask> in Detroit, the son of Hannah and Henry Bratsberg. His parents were of Swedish and Norwegian ancestry. In his interview with the Archive of American Television, <mask> spelled his Norwegian family surname as "Brasburg". Many sources, however, including some family records, list the spelling as "Bratsburg".According to one source, when <mask>'s father Henry registered at junior high school, "the registrar spelled it Brasburg instead of Bratsberg. Bashful Henry did not demur." <mask> was raised in Muskegon, Michigan, and graduated from Muskegon High School in 1933, where he achieved distinction as a statewide debating champion. He originally aspired to a J.D. degree, but began acting while a junior at the University of Chicago in 1935. He began acting on stage under his birth name, in 1937, joining the Group Theatre in New York City formed by Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford, and Lee Strasberg in 1931. He appeared in the original production of the Clifford Odets play Golden Boy, followed by a host of successful Broadway roles alongside such other Group members as Lee J. Cobb, Elia Kazan, John Garfield, Sanford Meisner, and Karl Malden.<mask> also did summer stock at the Pine Brook Country Club located in the countryside of Nichols, Connecticut. Film work <mask> made his screen debut (originally using the name "<mask>") in the 1942 movie To the Shores of Tripoli. His screen name later became "Henry '<mask>' <mask>" and eventually <mask>, to avoid confusion with the popular humorist of the same name. In the same year, <mask> appeared in the movie Orchestra Wives as a young man pushing his way to the front of a ballroom crowd with his date to hear Glenn Miller's band play. A few years later, still credited as <mask>, he was cast in the role of pianist Chummy MacGregor in the 1954 biopic The Glenn Miller Story. <mask> continued to play a number of significant roles on the big screen in such films as The Ox-Bow Incident (1943), Wing and a Prayer (1944), A Bell for Adano (1945), Dragonwyck (1946), The Gangster (1947), The Big Clock (1948), The Well (1951), High Noon (1952), Torch Song (1953), and several films in the 1950s for director Anthony Mann, including Bend of the River (1952), Thunder Bay (1953), The Glenn Miller Story (1954), The Far Country (1955), and Strategic Air Command (1955). In his later film career, he appeared in Inherit the Wind (1960), How the West Was Won (1962) (as Ulysses S. Grant), John Goldfarb, Please Come Home (1965), Frankie and Johnny (1966), The Flim-Flam Man (1967), Support Your Local Sheriff!(1969), Support Your Local Gunfighter! (1971), Snowball Express (1972), The Shootist (1976), The Wild Wild West Revisited (1979), and as Captain Gannon in the film version of Dragnet (1987) with Dan Aykroyd and Tom Hanks. Radio and television <mask> hosted the NBC radio series Mystery in the Air starring Peter Lorre in 1947. On CBS, he played Pete Porter in Pete and Gladys (1960–1962), with Cara Williams as wife Gladys. Pete and Gladys was a spin-off of December Bride (1954–1959), starring Spring Byington, a show in which <mask> had a popular recurring role. In 1950, <mask> appeared as an obtrusive, alcohol-addled hotel clerk in the Dragnet radio episode "The Big Boys". 1960s: Dragnet and other roles After Pete and Gladys ended production, <mask> guest-starred in the role of Al Everett in the 1962 episode "Like My Own Brother" on Gene Kelly's ABC drama series, Going My Way, loosely based on the 1944 Bing Crosby film of the same name.That same year, he played the mobster Bugs Moran in an episode of ABC's The Untouchables, with Robert Stack. In 1963, he was cast as Sheriff Ernie Backwater on Richard Boone's Have Gun – Will Travel Western series on CBS, then worked as a regular cast member on the 1963–64 anthology series The Richard Boone Show. In the 1964–1965 season, <mask> co-starred as Seldom Jackson in the 26-week NBC comedy/drama Kentucky Jones, starring Dennis Weaver, formerly of Gunsmoke. <mask> is even more widely recognized as Officer Bill Gannon, Joe Friday's partner in the revived version of Dragnet (1967–1970). <mask> had also appeared with Dragnet star Jack Webb in three film noir movies, Dark City (1950), Appointment with Danger (1951) and Pete Kelly's Blues (1955), and was an early regular member of Jack Webb's stock company of actors on the original Dragnet radio show. <mask> later worked on two other shows for Webb: 1971's The D.A. and the 1972–1974 Western series, Hec Ramsey.<mask> also appeared in at least one episode of Gunsmoke ("The Witness" – aired 11/23/1970). <mask> appeared in the role of Inspector Richard Queen, uncle of Ellery Queen in the 1971 television film Ellery Queen: Don't Look Behind You. 1970s: M*A*S*H <mask>'s first appearance on M*A*S*H was in the show's third season (1974–1975), when he played the mentally unbalanced Major General Bartford Hamilton Steele in "The General Flipped at Dawn", which first aired on September 10, 1974. The following season, <mask> joined the cast of M*A*S*H as Colonel Sherman T. Potter. A fan of the sitcom, <mask> replaced McLean Stevenson, who left the show at the end of the previous season. Unlike Stevenson's character Henry Blake, Potter was a career Army officer who was a firm yet good-humored, caring father figure to those under his command. In 1980, <mask> won an Emmy award for his performance on M*A*S*H. When asked if he was a better actor after working with the show's talented cast, <mask> responded, "I don't know about that, but it's made me a better human being."After the end of the series, <mask> reprised the Potter role in a short-lived spinoff series, AfterMASH. <mask> also appeared in several Disney movies throughout the decade, including The Barefoot Executive, Snowball Express, Charley and the Angel, The Apple Dumpling Gang, The Cat from Outer Space (opposite McLean Stevenson) and The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again. Later years In 1986, he co-starred with Hal Linden in Blacke's Magic, a show about a magician who doubled as a detective solving unusual crimes. One season was made. <mask>'s character, Leonard Blacke, was a semiretired con artist. In 1987, <mask> reprised his Bill Gannon character, now a captain, for a supporting role in another film version of Dragnet, a parody and homage to the original series written by and starring Dan Aykroyd and costarring Tom Hanks and Christopher Plummer. In 1987–1988, <mask> starred in the one-season situation comedy series You Can't Take It with You as family patriarch Martin Vanderhof.In the 1990s, <mask> starred alongside Walter Matthau in a series of television movies for CBS as Stoddard Bell, a judge who is an acquaintance/nemesis/partner of Matthau's Harmon Cobb, an attorney (The Incident; An Incident in Baltimore, and Incident in a Small Town). He also lent his voice to an episode of The Simpsons from season seven, where he once again played Bill Gannon; in the episode "Mother Simpson", Gannon and Joe Friday (voiced by <mask>) are FBI agents trying to track down Homer's mother, who is a fugitive from justice. <mask> also had a recurring role on 3rd Rock from the Sun as Professor Suter, a colleague of Dick Solomon's. <mask> Ramsey, one episode of Adam-12, and eight episodes of M*A*S*H. <mask> had a guest role on The Jeff Foxworthy Show as Raymond and a guest role on Grace Under Fire as Jean's pot-smoking boyfriend. In 2006, <mask> was inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Personal life <mask>'s first marriage was to Eileen Detchon from 1940 until her death in 1985. During <mask>'s time on M*A*S*H, a photograph of Detchon regularly appeared on the desk of his character.A drawing of a horse, seen on the wall behind Potter's desk, was drawn by <mask>'s grandson, <mask>. In addition, Eileen was the name of the wife of Officer Bill Gannon on Dragnet. <mask> had four sons with his first wife: Christopher, Charles, Paul, and Daniel (who died in 1989). He then married Barbara Bushman Quine (granddaughter of silent film star Francis X. Bushman) on December 17, 1986. The marriage lasted until his death. In July 1996, he was arrested on domestic battery charges for striking his wife Barbara which caused her to be admitted to hospital. The case was later dismissed.<mask> had two siblings, Marguerite and Arnold (both deceased). <mask> was close friends with bandleader Glenn Miller, whom he met while filming Orchestra Wives in 1942, until Miller's death two years later. <mask> was later cast in the 1954 movie about his friend, The Glenn Miller Story, playing Chummy MacGregor. Death <mask> died peacefully in his sleep at 3:00 a.m. local time in Los Angeles, on December 7, 2011, at the age of 96. His son, Charles, said he recently had been treated for pneumonia. His body was cremated and his remains were given to his family. Following <mask>'s death, Mike Farrell, who played B.J.Hunnicutt opposite <mask> in M*A*S*H, released a statement: Filmography Films The Kennel Murder Case (1933) as Gamble, the butler (uncredited) To the Shores of Tripoli (1942) as Mouthy The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe (1942) as Ebenezer Burling The Omaha Trail (1942) as Henchman Nat Orchestra Wives (1942) as Cully Anderson Crash Dive (1943) as Brownie The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) as Art Croft Happy Land (1943) as Anton 'Tony' Cavrek The Eve of St. Mark (1944) as Pvt. Shevlin Roger Touhy, Gangster (1944) as Thomas J. 'Smoke' Reardon Wing and a Prayer (1944) as Ens. Malcolm Brainard Gentle Annie (1944) as Cottonwood Goss A Bell for Adano (1945) as Capt. (1952) as Sgt. Moran (uncredited) Big Jim McLain (1952) as Narrator (voice, uncredited) Apache War Smoke (1952) as Ed Cotten Toughest Man in Arizona (1952) as Verne Kimber Stop, You're Killing Me (1952) as Innocence Thunder Bay (1953) as Rawlings Arena (1953) as Lew Hutchins Champ for a Day (1953) as Al Muntz Torch Song (1953) as Joe Denner The Glenn Miller Story (1954) as Chummy Prisoner of War (1954) as Maj. O.D. Hale The Forty-Niners (1954) as Alf Billings About Mrs. Leslie (1954) as Fred Blue The Far Country (1954) as Ketchum Strategic Air Command (1955) as Sgt.Bible (flight engineer) Not as a Stranger (1955) as Oley Pete Kelly's Blues (1955) (uncredited) The Bottom of the Bottle (1956) as Felix – Barkeep Backlash (1956) as Tony Welker Operation Teahouse (1956) as Himself UFO (1956) as "Red Dog 1" (voice) Star in the Dust (1956) as Lew Hogan The Teahouse of the August Moon (1956) as Sgt. Gregovich Under Fire (1957) as Sgt. Joseph C. Dusak It Started with a Kiss (1959) as Charles Meriden The Mountain Road (1960) as Sgt. 'Mike' Michaelson Inherit the Wind (1960) as Judge Mel Coffey Cimarron (1960) as Jesse Rickey How the West Was Won (1962) as Gen. Ulysses S. Grant John Goldfarb, Please Come Home (1965) as Secretary of State Deems Sarajevo Frankie and Johnny (1966) as Cully What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? (1966) as Maj. Pott The Flim-Flam Man (1967) as Sheriff Slade Star Spangled Salesman (1968) as TV Cop Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969) as Olly Perkins Viva Max! (1969) as Chief of Police Sylvester The Barefoot Executive (1971) as E.J.Crampton Support Your Local Gunfighter! (1971) as Taylor Scandalous John (1971) as Sheriff Pippin Snowball Express (1972) as Jesse McCord Charley and the Angel (1973) as The Angel formerly Roy Zerney The Apple Dumpling Gang (1975) as Homer McCoy The Shootist (1976) as Marshall Thibido Maneaters Are Loose! (1978) as Toby Waites The Cat from Outer Space (1978) as General Stilton The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again (1979) as Maj. T.P. Gaskill Scout's Honor (1980) as Mr. Briggs The Flight of Dragons (1982) as Carolinus (voice) Sparkling Cyanide TV Movie (1983) as Captain Kemp Dragnet (1987) as Gannon 14 Going on 30 (TV, 1988) as Uncle Herb The Incident (TV, 1990) as Judge Bell Against Her Will: An Incident in Baltimore (TV, 1992) as Judge Stoddard Bell Incident in a Small Town (TV, 1994) as Judge Bell Wild Bill: Hollywood Maverick (1996) Family Plan (1997) as Sol Rubins Crosswalk (1999) as Dr. Chandler TV Have Gun Will Travel (1958) A Snare for Murder as Fred Braus; (1963) American Primitive as Sheriff Ernie Backwater Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1959) Episode 159 Anniversary Gift as Hermie Jenkins The Untouchables (1962) Episode 100 Double Cross as George Bugs Moran Dragnet (1967 to 1971)The Bastard (1978) as Capt. CalebBackstairs at the White House (TV mini-series, 1979) as President <mask>. TrumanThe Wild Wild West Revisited (1979) as Robert T. MaloneMore Wild Wild West (1980) as Robert T. 'Skinny' MaloneMurder, She Wrote (4/19/1987) Season 3, Episode 21 "The Days Dwindle Down" as Retired Lt. Richard WebbYou Can't Take It with You (1987–1988) as Martin VanderhofThe Simpsons (1995) Episode 136 "Mother Simpson" as Bill Gannon3rd Rock from the Sun'' (1996) as Professor Suter References External links 1915 births 2011 deaths American people of Scandinavian descent 20th-century American male actors American male film actors American male stage actors American male television actors American people of Norwegian descent American people of Swedish descent American television directors Television personalities from Los Angeles California Democrats Deaths from pneumonia in California Male actors from Detroit Male actors from Los Angeles Male Western (genre) film actors Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners People from Muskegon, Michigan University of Chicago alumni

Cavalié Mercer

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<mask> (28 March 1783 – 9 November 1868) was a British artillery officer. Although he rose to the rank of general, his fame is as commander of G Troop Royal Horse Artillery in the thick of the fighting at the Battle of Waterloo, and as author of Journal of the Waterloo Campaign. <mask>'s six-gun horse artillery troop arrived too late for the Battle of Quatre Bras, but it fought with the cavalry rearguard covering the army's retreat to Waterloo. The troop fought on the extreme right wing of Wellington's army at Waterloo, before being moved into the thick of the fighting nearer the centre of the line. There it beat off repeated charges by French heavy cavalry, disobeying orders to abandon the guns and retire inside nearby infantry squares as the enemy closed. The location of this action is marked by a memorial on the Waterloo battlefield. After the battle, <mask>'s troop marched on Paris with the Allied armies, and formed part of the army of occupation.<mask>'s Journal is an important source for historians of the Waterloo campaign, as well as a detailed description of the landscape and people of Belgium and France in the early 19th century. It is one of the few accounts of the period written by an artillery officer. <mask> remained in the peacetime army, twice serving in Canada. He was a painter of some merit, and a number of his watercolours of Canadian landscapes were purchased by the National Gallery of Canada in the 1980s. Before 1815 <mask> was born in 1783 at Kingston-upon-Hull, Yorkshire, into a military family: his father was General <mask> of the Royal Engineers. The name Cavaillie was possibly inherited from his grandmother Margaret Cavaillie, wife of <mask> overseer at Fort George. Margaret Cavaillie (1699, St Andrews – 1777, St Andrews) was the daughter of captain James Cavaillie, who it is said came to Britain in the army of William of Orange and settled in Fife as a wine merchant and died at Cupar Fife in 1716.He went to the Military Academy at Woolwich and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Artillery in 1799 at the age of 16. He served in Ireland in the aftermath of the Irish Rebellion of 1798. He was promoted to second captain (a rank unique to the Ordnance) in 1806. Promotion in the Royal Artillery was very slow, especially in peacetime, as it relied solely on seniority. Unlike in the rest of the British Army of the time there was no opportunity for purchase of commissions in the Ordnance. <mask> was not breveted as a major until 1 March 1824, though this was then backdated to 12 August 1819. <mask> was posted to G Troop Royal Horse Artillery around 1806 and joined Whitelocke's ill-fated Buenos Aires expedition in 1807.He did not serve in the Peninsular War and next saw war service in the Waterloo Campaign. G Troop In 1815 <mask> was acting commander of what was officially G (Dickson's) Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, but is usually referred to as Mercer's Troop or Mercer's Battery. Its modern successor is G Parachute Battery (Mercer's Troop) Royal Horse Artillery, part of 7th Parachute Regiment Royal Horse Artillery, which currently serves in the field artillery role with 16 Air Assault Brigade, and is equipped with the L118 Light Gun. G Troop served on the 1807 Buenos Aires expedition, but the G Troop of Waterloo was formed from the amalgamation of two other RHA troops before leaving Colchester for Belgium. It had the pick of the horses from each, and was therefore regarded as an exceptionally fine unit. When reviewing the cavalry at Grammont on 29 May 1815, Blücher is supposed to have said "there is not one horse in this battery that is not fit for a field marshal". The troop had five 9-pounder guns (which had recently replaced some of the RHA's 6-pounders) and a 5½" howitzer, 80 gunners, 86 drivers and 226 horses.Waterloo Campaign Mercer's Troop embarked for Belgium on 11 April 1815, a few days after hearing of Napoleon's escape from Elba. From 1 May until the French invasion on 15 June it led a quiet life in the small village of Strijtem, west of Brussels. G Troop rode all day on 16 June, but arrived too late to participate in the Battle of Quatre Bras. It covered the retreat from Quatre Bras on 17 June, narrowly escaping capture by French cavalry. It was in the action at Genappe later the same day with the cavalry rearguard. Arriving on the field of Waterloo, Mercer's Troop briefly took up a firing position on the famous knoll behind the sandpit, which would feature in the fighting the following day. <mask> was still acting as rearguard for Wellington's army, not realising that the entire army had halted on the ridge immediately behind him.His troop exchanged fire with arriving French batteries before retiring. After a miserable, hungry night in the mud and rain in the orchard of Mont St Jean farm, where <mask> is fabled to have drunk port from a chicken shaped goblet, <mask> found himself without orders in the opening phase of the battle, as d'Erlon's infantry attacked Wellington's left. He was about to lead his troop into action on his own initiative when he was ordered to the extreme right of the line. That was a quiet sector, but in common with much of Wellington's artillery, <mask> disobeyed orders to refrain from counter-battery fire. He engaged enemy guns, attracting heavy fire from superior enemy artillery in return. In mid-afternoon Mercer's Troop was suddenly ordered into the hottest part of Wellingtons' line, between the crossroads and Hougoumont, where its position is now marked by a memorial. It deployed immediately behind the ridge road, which was on a low embankment.The bank provided excellent cover from enemy artillery and increased the effectiveness of <mask>'s case-shot. The troop was between two squares of Brunswick infantry, whom <mask> regarded as unsteady. He was ordered to lead his men into the squares as cavalry closed, but decided they would be safer at their guns. Unlike all the other batteries in the sector, the troop's gunners never abandoned their guns to take refuge in the infantry squares. Massed French heavy cavalry attacked repeatedly from about 3.15 pm. The Grenadiers à Cheval of the Imperial Guard were already emerging through the smoke at the trot as <mask>'s guns deployed, so the troop opened fire with case-shot at close range, causing terrible casualties. The French hesitated, then the front ranks attempted to retreat as the rear ranks pushed forward, causing them to mill about under the execution of <mask>'s guns before they eventually withdrew.Before the second charge of the heavy cavalry, <mask>'s Troop was harassed by close-range carbine fire from mounted French skirmishers, while <mask> held fire to conserve ammunition. To steady his men, <mask> promenaded across his troop's front on horseback, goading the enemy in French and attracting aimed but inaccurate carbine-fire in return. The second main attack came on in columns, led by cuirassiers. Mercer's Troop waited for them, double-loaded with case-shot over ball, and fired at 50 or 60 yards. <mask> reported that the whole front rank of the enemy went down, with the round-shot tearing through the column behind. The ground became virtually impassable with dead and wounded horses and men, so the enemy could not close the gun-line. Under the rapid fire of Mercer's Troop and the Brunswick infantry, the enemy fell like "grass before the mower's scythe".The greatest danger to <mask>'s men came between the charges, from French skirmishers and artillery. The third and final charge stood little chance of reaching the guns. On each occasion individual cavalrymen passed between the guns, but only so as to escape to the British rear. As the third attack withdrew, the troop had to cease firing to allow the Duke of Wellington to pass along the road. Shortly afterwards Wellington's infantry advanced, leaving the guns on the ridge to engage masses of French troops in the valley below. Towards the end of the action a battery established itself on the ridge to <mask>'s left and fired into the flank of his troop, causing devastating casualties amongst the limber-horses. This battery was eventually driven off by fire from a newly arrived Belgian battery.The hostile battery may well have been Prussian but <mask> did not believe it, despite being told so by a Brunswick cavalry officer. Due to its shortage of horses, the troop was unable to move when the general advance was ordered, and <mask> slept under a limber, amongst the dead and wounded. The troop had 5 killed and 15 wounded and lost 69 horses at Waterloo. It expended 700 rounds of ammunition. Sir Augustus Frazer said, "I could plainly distinguish the position of G Troop from the opposite height by the dark mass of dead French cavalry which, even at that distance, formed a remarkable feature on the field." After Waterloo <mask>'s Troop stayed on the battlefield until 3 pm the following day, and <mask> spent the day touring the field, visiting Hougoumont and talking to the wounded. Once it had been rejoined by its ammunition and supply wagons, the troop moved off towards Nivelles, leaving some guns and carriages behind for lack of horses.It rejoined the Army near Mons on 21 June, and marched with it to the gates of Paris without seeing further action. It was ordered into cantonments at Colombes early in July 1815. Apart from two months of leave in England, <mask> spent much of the rest of the year enjoying tourist pursuits in Paris. <mask> was transferred to command D Troop RHA at Stains, also near Paris, in July 1815 and he returned with it to England in January 1816. After the campaign <mask> was put on half-pay from 31 July 1816 until 1821. Recalled to the peacetime army, he served twice in British North America, first as commander of the 6th company of the 5th battalion Royal Artillery at Quebec from 1823. He was breveted major in 1824, backdated to 1819.He returned to England in 1829 and held commands at Woolwich and Devonport. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel on 5 June 1835. He served again in British North America from 1837 to 1842, commanding the artillery in Nova Scotia during the 1837 border dispute with the United States which became known as the Aroostook War. He was promoted to colonel on 2 April 1846, to major-general on 20 June 1854 and to lieutenant-general on 29 August 1857. He was commandant of the Dover garrison before he retired from active service, but he was appointed Colonel Commandant 9 Brigade Royal Artillery on 16 January 1859, and as such he was never officially placed on the retired list. He was promoted to full general on 9 February 1865. During his service in Lower Canada (1828–29) and Nova Scotia (1840–42) <mask> painted the watercolours which were acquired by the National Gallery of Canada in the 1980s.In 2014, Glenn Devanney of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada wrote a book titled "Halifax in Watercolour: The Paintings of Alexander Cavalié <mask> 1838–1842." The ninety-six page book includes historical text and fifty-two paintings. <mask> married Frances (or Fanny) Rice on 10 November 1813 at Bourton on the Water, Gloucestershire, while he was stationed in Woodbridge, Suffolk ; she travelled with him to France after his leave in November 1815. They had one son, <mask> A<mask>, who edited the Journal after his father's death. <mask> and Fanny lived in Berkshire at the time of the Waterloo campaign, but in later life <mask> lived at Cowley Hill near Exeter. He died there on 9 November 1868 and is buried at St. David's Church, Exeter. Today a publicly funded project is underway to restore <mask>'s grave for the Waterloo 200th commemorations, to provide informative signage and to build a fund to care for the condition of the grave for the next 100 years.The commemorations will be marked on 18 June 2015 at <mask>'s graveside with a short service, the laying of a laurel and rose wreath, and the respect of current serving members of <mask>'s G Troop. His Journal of the Waterloo Campaign kept throughout the campaign of 1815 was published in 1870, after his death. It was written some 30 years earlier, from the original notes <mask> wrote contemporaneously, with additions and verifications from correspondence and other sources. It covers the period from April 1815 to January 1816, when <mask> returned to Canterbury with D Troop, with an interlude for his leave in England from September to November 1815. By <mask>'s own admission he had little time to write his journal in the hectic few days before and after Waterloo, so his account may not be entirely reliable. The Journal is notable for its lengthy descriptions of the countryside and its people, and especially of Parisian life under the Allied occupation. Very little of it is devoted to military matters, and indeed <mask> does not seem to have devoted much time to command, spending most of his days in country walks, riding or tourism in Paris.Notes References Journal of the Waterloo Campaign kept throughout the campaign of 1815, Cavalié <mask>, first published 1870, Da Capo Press 1995, The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, Gregory Fremont-Barnes, Todd Fisher and Bernard Cornwell, Osprey Publishing, 2004, , , pp 298–301 Biography in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online The Battle—A History of the Battle of Waterloo, Alessandro Barbero (trans. John Cullen), Atlantic Books, Halifax in watercolour: the paintings of Alexander Cavalié <mask> 1838 – 1842, Glenn Devanney, Nimbus Publishing, External links Brief illustrated biography 1783 births 1868 deaths British Army generals British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars English diarists 19th-century English painters English male painters British landscape painters Royal Horse Artillery officers People of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich Military personnel from Kingston upon Hull English watercolourists 19th-century male artists

Richard Varick

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<mask> (March 15, 1753 – July 30, 1831) was an American lawyer, military officer, and politician who has been referred to as "The Forgotten Founding Father." A major figure in the development of post-Independence New York City and State, Varick became the 45th Mayor of New York City in 1789 and served eleven consecutive one-year terms until 1801. Previous to his terms as mayor, Varick served as the 14th Recorder of New York City from 1784 to 1789. An office that no longer exists, it equates to 'Chief Legal Officer'. Along with Samuel Jones, Varick codified New York State's first statutes after Revolution in the Laws of New York (2 vols., 1789). This body of work laid legal groundwork for Varick to institute the Law of New York, the New York City Administrative Code, and the Rules of New York City during his terms as mayor. Additionally, under his leadership, the progenitors of the New York City Department of Health, the New York Stock Exchange, and many others would be created establishing the foundation of modern New York City.During the Revolutionary War, he served as George Washington's aide-de-camp and private secretary. Varick's body of work from this era would lead to the Varick Transcripts which now live in the Library of Congress. The value of these documents has been noted throughout their lifetime as invaluable to the understanding of the formation of the United States. Varick was a founder of the Society of the Cincinnati and the American Bible Society, and was a slaveholder. He was also a longtime trustee of Columbia University, where he was chairman of the board from 1810 - 1816. Early life & family He was born on March 15, 1753, at Hackensack in Bergen County, New Jersey to <mask> and Jane (née Dey) <mask>. Both Varick's parents ancestors had emigrated with the Dutch West India Company in the early to mid 17th century and remained in the greater New York City area.Amongst Varick's ancestors are Joris Jansen Rapelje, a member of the Council of Twelve Men which was the first democratic body in the history of the United States (1641). Varick's maternal grandfather was a colonel in the Continental Army whose house, the Dey Mansion, which would go on to play a pivotal role in the American Revolution. Varick was one of seven children, his siblings being: <mask> (the great-grandfather of Anna Maria Romeyn <mask>, who married George Lauder of the Lauder Greenway Family. ); Dr. <mask> Jr.; Anne Elting; Sarah Froeligh; Jane De Witt (wife of Simeon De Witt); and Maria Gilbert. Education Little is known about the specifics of Varick's education before university, though surviving letters indicate that he was educated by private tutors and studied Latin, French, and other subjects. He enrolled in King's College (the original name of Columbia University) in New York City in 1771 where he studied under John Morin Scott. Varick clerked for Scott during his education and after being admitted into the New York Bar in October 1774, Scott made him an offer to be a partner in his firm.Unusually, Varick had not yet graduated from King's College despite having passed the bar and never formally graduated. Later in his career, Varick would become a trustee of King's College for over thirty years. Military career American Revolutionary War Service under General Schuyler & Northern Army Eight months into his career in private practice, the American Revolutionary War began. At the influence of his employer, John Morin Scott, Varick suspended his studies and enlisted in the militia. On June 28, 1775, he was appointed captain of the 1st New York Regiment and after only three days as field officer, was appointed military secretary under General Philip Schuyler who was in command of the Northern Army It was thought that Scott, understanding the administrative and intellectual value of his young partner, secured the appointment. Varick departed New York City with Schuyler on July 4, 1775, to head north to Fort Ticonderoga and launch the campaign to drive the British out of Canada. En route, the traveling party stopped in Albany briefly where Varick would first meet General Benedict Arnold, who would become a good friend, also played a significant role in Varick's life until Arnold's treason in 1780.By the summer of 1776, Schuyler had been felled by multiple illnesses and was reeling from a series of losses on the battlefield. <mask>, by this juncture, in part out of necessity, and in part by appointment, was performing three jobs at once: private secretary to Schuyler, quartermaster for all the northern forts held by the Continental Army, and the Northern Army's deputy muster master general. Laterally, actual battlefield commands had been outsourced to Arnold and General Horatio Gates. Schuyler, recognizing the burden Varick was carrying, promoted him to Lieutenant Colonel. Varick's almost total control of the administration for the Northern Army lead to an even closer friendship between Arnold and Varick. That same summer, Arnold was planning his attack effort to stop the British advance down Lake Champlain in what would be one of the first battles in the history of the U.S. Navy. With a dearth of available ships, the armada was largely built from scratch by Varick who solved the crisis by contacting his wide network in New York City and the surrounding area to send materials and coastal men who were qualified for such work.While the Battle of Valcour Island ended in defeat for the navy, it succeeded in slowing the British advance for the winter as they retreaded to their Canadian bases. <mask> also faced run-ins with fellow officers who were not part of Schuyler's faction. General Anthony Walton White, who had briefly served at Washington's aide-de-camp, was accused by Schuyler of looting a private home on the frontier. After denying the charges, White barged into Varick's offices and challenged him to a duel, under the impression that Varick had spoken negatively to his character. Varick, unarmed, narrowly escaped White's attempt to murder him after Varick declined the challenge. After the disastrous loss of Fort Ticonderoga, Schuyler was removed from duty by the Continental Congress in August 1777 and replaced by General Gates. With factionalism rife within the Northern Army, Varick was aligned with Arnold which pitted him against Gates, whom he disliked regardless.Varick and Arnolds circle of friendship had also grown to include Henry Brockholst Livingston and Matthew Clarkson. Their camaraderie was rudely defined as "The New York Gang" by James Wilkinson, a partisan of General Gates'. Varick would quietly and capably continue in his role as the Northern Army's deputy muster master general, though not as Gates' aide-de-camp or private secretary, until January 12, 1780 when the department was abolished by the Continental Congress in a larger reorganization. Service under General Arnold <mask> briefly resumed his law in private practice, which proved challenging in his politically volatile hometown of New York City—which was under occupation by the enemy. In August 1780, Benedict Arnold approached Varick about joining his staff at his newly appointed position as commanding officer of West Point (then an active military instillation) as his aide-de-camp and inspector-general. Within three months, Arnold's treason was discovered and he fled to British territory. Varick, along with David Franks, were arrested.Varick had been ill in bed when informed both of Arnold's treason and his own arrest. Contemporary reports described Varick as spending several days on the edge of madness about Arnold's defection. Despite Arnold writing to Washington personally to say that his aides were not complicit, both Varick and Franks were detained by Washington as a precautionary measure. After a court of inquiry completed its investigation, they found Varick not guilty, and delivered the following: “That Lieutenant Colonel <mask>’s conduct with respect to the base Peculations and Treasonable Practices of the late General Arnold is not only unimpeachable but think him entitled (throughout every part of his conduct) to a degree of Merit that does him great honor as an Officer and particularly distinguishes him as a sincere Friend to his Country…” Service under General Washington A by-product of the above was the introduction of Varick to George Washington, which would lead to the two working together for the rest of their careers, and lives. This relationship began in 1781 when Washington petitioned the Continental Congress to establish team of writers to record and preserve all of his, and the army's, papers, planning, and correspondence for use by future generations. This would be under the supervision “of a Man of character in whom entire confidence can be placed”. Washington appointed Varick in this role, which made use of his highly respected administrative skills, and would fully rehabilitate his name after the Arnold scandal.Establishing his office at Poughkeepsie, <mask> and his assistants spent more than two years in compiling the forty-four folio volumes known as the Varick Transcripts. Varick served under Washington solely until Washington retired his commission in 1783. Upon completing the assigned duties after years or work, General Washington wrote: “I take this first opportunity of signifying my entire approbation of the manner in which you have executed the important duties of recording secretary; and the satisfaction I feel in having my papers so properly arranged, and so correctly recorded; and beg you will accept my thanks for the care and attention which you have given to this business and beg you be persuaded, that I shall take pleasure in asserting on every occasion, the sense of entertainment of the

Richard Varick

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fidelity, skill and indefatigable industry manifested by you in the performance of your public duties." After he retired from his service in the Continental Army, Varick would remain in service as a colonel in the New York State Militia until 1801. The Varick Transcripts The Varick Transcripts are deposited in the Library of Congress. The value of these documents has been noted throughout their lifetime as invaluable to the understanding of the formation of the United States. As originally provisioned by Congress, the stated duties by General Washington to Colonel Varick as Recording Secretary would include categorizing, transcribing, and assembling all Washington's papers.The resulting 44 letterbooks contain copies of all documents dating from May, 1775 to June, 1785. Categories of papers, records, and correspondence are organized as follows; Society of the Cincinnati In 1783 the Society of the Cincinnati was founded of which Varick was an original member and president of the New York chapter from 1783 until his death in 1831. Membership was generally limited to officers who had served at least three years in the Continental Army or Navy. The first meeting of the Society was held in May at a dinner at Mount Gulian (Verplanck House) in Fishkill, New York, before the British evacuation from New York City. The meeting was chaired by Varick's friend Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton. The Society has three goals: "To preserve the rights so dearly won; to promote the continuing union of the states; and to assist members in need, their widows, and their orphans." Varick would also be responsible for maintaining the legacy of George Washington.From 1790 to 1836, celebrations of Washington's birthday in the City included Tammany Hall dinners, Washington Benevolent Society parades, and an intimate open house held each February 22 by Mary Simpson (c. 1752 - March 18, 1836), at her John Street grocery. Political career Recorder & Attorney General of New York (1784 - 1789) Varick was the Recorder of New York City from 1784 to 1789. An office that no longer exists, it is equatable to 'Chief Legal Officer'. In this office, along with Samuel Jones, he codified New York State's first statutes after Revolution in the Laws of New York (2 vols., 1789). This body of work laid the whole foundation for the Law of New York, the New York City Administrative Code, and the Rules of New York City. Concurrently to the above, he was a member of the New York State Assembly from New York County from 1786 to 1788. During his term as a member of the New York State Assembly, he was Speaker during the sessions of 1787 and 1788.<mask> was appointed the New York State Attorney General from 1788 to 1789. Remarkably, due to the elitist nature of the New York State Constitution of 1777, almost all government positions in the city and state of New York were appointed by the Council of Appointment. Few, if any, general elections or other democratic functions would exist until 1802. Thus, in the year 1788, Varick was simultaneously the Recorder of New York City, a State Assemblyman representing New York City, the Speaker of the House of the State of New York, and the Attorney General of the State of New York. Though Varick is on record protesting the egregious nature of his occupying multiple offices, it was rationalized at the time that as both an expert administrator and lawyer, he was an ideal choice to fill these myriad offices and to build swiftly the various mechanisms of government. And, that the subsequent laws were codified quickly in the nascent days of an independent New York City and State to ensure the function, and growth, of both entities. Mayor of New York City (1789 - 1801) Varick would peak politically as the Mayor of New York City for twelve years during the formative post-Independence era from 1789 to 1801.While Mayor, he would continue his establishment of the technocratic structure that would ensure New York City’s place as the commercial capital of the United States, despite the political capital moving to Philadelphia, then Washington D.C. At this time in history, there was no precedent of commercial and political leadership split between two cities. In 1791, the major financial crisis would hit the United States in New York due to a scheme to manipulate the financial markets, which had no formal structure of any kind. Varick would have to increase officers to protect the guilty parties from mobs gathering outside the prison. This would lead to a group of merchants making the "Buttonwood Agreement” in 1792 which was the seed of the New York Stock Exchange. In the summer of 1793 a yellow fever epidemic sent New Yorkers "fleeing north" to nearby healthful Greenwich Village. This epidemic would lead to the creation of what would become the New York City Department of Health. This was timely as there were further epidemics in 1795, 1796, 1798, 1799, and 1800.In 1794, public anger at Federalist political ideals spilled into the streets with <mask>’s support of the Jay Treaty. An angry mob would almost physically run him out of the city. Varick ran into more trouble when he tried to pressure the city’s 1,000 or so licensed workers — tavern keepers, grocers, butchers and cartmen, all of whom had licenses to work for the city — to vote for Federalist candidates. “This went completely contrary to the egalitarian sentiment of the time,” Dr. Hodges said. Varick’s heavy-handed ways, Dr. Hodges said, pushed many of the workers away from the Federalists, represented by Alexander Hamilton, and into the opposing Democratic-Republican faction, represented by Thomas Jefferson. In 1797, after losing his seat representing New York State in the U.S. Senate, Aaron Burr took control of Tammany Hall and used it to assail Varick for his use of marketing and tax-licensing fees. Burr would win the state's electoral vote in the 1800 presidential election leading to a wide sweeping rout of Federalist politicians across New York, including Varick in 1801.Post-Political Life Founding of Jersey City In 1804, <mask>, who was out of office and politically unpopular in New York City, joined his friend Alexander Hamilton to create the Associates of the Jersey Company which would lay the groundwork for modern Jersey City through private development. The consortium behind the company were predominantly Federalists who, like <mask> and Hamilton, had been swept out of power in the election of 1800 by Thomas Jefferson and other Democratic-Republicans. Large tracts of land in Paulus Hook were purchased by the company with the titles owned by <mask> and his two cousins, Anthony Dey, a prominent attorney and major land owner, and Jacob Radcliff, a Justice of the New York Supreme Court who would later become mayor of New York City (twice) from 1810-1811 and again from 1815 - 1818. They laid out the city squares and streets that still characterize the neighborhood, giving them names also seen in Lower Manhattan or after war heroes (Grove, Varick, Mercer, Wayne, Monmouth and Montgomery among them). In 1816, Colonel Varick purchased lots on the north side of Essex Street and built Prospect Hall overlooking the Hudson River. The property was landscaped with lawns and gardens to the waterfront. Varick would become the figurehead of the continuing development of Jersey City, inviting luminary friends such as Major General Marquis de Lafayette to visit while touring America in 1824 for special Fourth of July celebrations.<mask> would live at Prospect Hall until he died on July 30, 1831. Founding of the American Bible Society Varick was a founder of the American Bible Society in 1816. He would later become president (succeeding John Jay) in 1828 until his death in 1831. Personal life He and his wife Maria Roosevelt, daughter of Isaac Roosevelt, were married on May 8, 1786 in New York City. His father-in-law was the patrilineal great-great-grandfather of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. On February 15, 2022, the Washington Post reported that <mask> is on the list of New York City mayors, composed by Sarah Cate Wolfson, a high school student in New York City, who owned slaves. Varick and his wife initially resided at 52 Wall Street, then moved to a larger home on lower Broadway.They also owned a home at 11 Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan. Their final home was Prospect Hall on Essex Street in Jersey City, New Jersey. Death and burial Varick died on July 30, 1831 at Prospect Hall and is interred at the First Reformed Dutch Church Cemetery in Hackensack, New Jersey. Honorifics Varick Street (where he once owned property) in Manhattan in the City of New York, Varick Street in Jersey City, and the Town of Varick, New York, all bear his name. See also References External links Varick Transcripts Library of Congress Richard Varick Papers,1743-1871 New-York Historical Society Photographs of gravesite The Society of the Cincinnati American Revolution Institute Political Graveyard 1753 births People from New York City Mayors of New York City Members of the New York State Assembly New York (state) in the American Revolution New York (state) militiamen in the American Revolution Continental Army officers from New York (state) BNY Mellon New York (state) lawyers American people of Dutch descent Aides-de-camp of George Washington Columbia College (New York) alumni Speakers of the New York State Assembly New York State Attorneys General New York City Recorders Politicians from Hackensack, New Jersey People of New Jersey in the American Revolution Burials at First Reformed Dutch Church, Hackensack New York (state) Federalists Columbia University people 19th-century American lawyers 19th-century American politicians 18th-century American politicians 1831

Bina Sarkar Ellias

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<mask> (b. 1949) is a poet. She is editor, designer and publisher of International Gallerie, a global arts and ideas journal (www.gallerie.net) founded by her in 1997. She is also an art curator, having curated several important exhibits of renowned artists. https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/city-columns/bina-sarkar-the-cave-woman/articleshow/59865389.cms Cultural Practitioner In 1984, <mask> co-founded the advertising agency "Nucleus", with Rafeeq Ellias and worked for 12 years as its Creative Director. In 1997, she founded International Gallerie, a bi-annual arts and ideas magazine that she edits, designs and publishes. In recognition of her efforts, she has been awarded a Woman Achiever's award by FICCI/FLO 2013, Woman Achiever of the year by TimesGroup & ITC, in 2008 and a Fellowship from the Asia Leadership Fellow Program and Japan Foundation for research and development of the project: Unity in Diversity: Envisioning Community Building in Asia and Beyond, Tokyo, in 2007 in recognition of her work in encouraging knowledge, understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity.She has also been recipient of the Prince Claus Awards. Besides several shows she has curated are “Migration” at the Pune Biennale 2017. Her curation of a forthcoming show in New York, is a work in progress. <mask> <mask> has been invited to speak at various venues, chaired the New Moves Festival discussion with 10 Asian women artists in Glasgow as well as other fora in London, San Francisco, New York, Tokyo, Teheran, Dacca, Lahore, Karachi, Delhi, Santiniketan, Kolkata and Mumbai in the last many years. She has been a panelist at the 85th Congress of PEN International in Manila, Philippines (2019). Poet, editor, designer, publisher, curator <mask> Sarkar soon after graduation with Honours in English at Scottish Church College, Calcutta University, began as a freelance writer to Desmond Doig's popular journal, Junior Statesman; she was employed next, as assistant editor to T.M. Ramachandran of [Film World], an eclectic Indian magazine on world cinema.She went on to be a sub-editor at Eve's Weekly, following which she contributed articles for The Times of India, The Indian Express, The Hindu and the Hindustan Times through the years. She founded International Gallerie in 1997, an award-winning global arts and ideas journal that encourages understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity through excellence in the arts. For 22 years, Gallerie has upheld unity in diversity through artistic reflections via the visual and performing arts, poetry, essay, photography, cinema and travel stories, narratives that reveal a world that is essentially one, even as politicians divide us. She taught herself graphic design and has been invited by artists, galleries, photographers and a poet to design their books and catalogues. To date, she has designed and edited, Fifty Years of Contemporary Indian Art, 1997, for the Mohile Parikh Centre for Visual Arts, Mumbai, 1997 . She has designed artist Jehangir Sabavala's catalogue for the 2002 show in Mumbai, Delhi and New York, artist Rekha Rodwittiya's catalogue, 2003 and recently in 2007, for shows in New York, Crossing Generations: diverge, the fortieth anniversary catalogue for Gallery Chemould, Mumbai, 2004, and a book on artist Tyeb Mehta, Svaraj by Ramchandra Gandhi. She has designed, edited and published an art book, Chinthala Jagdish:Unmasked, 2004, and The Curious World of Chinthala Jagdish, 2008, a book of poems, Rain, for Indian poet Sudeep Sen, 2005, Ayesha Taleyarkhan’s book of photographs:, Bombay Mumbai, 2005, American photographer, Waswo X. Waswo’s book, India Poems: The Photographs and his recent catalogue, A Studio in Rajasthan, 2008.She has edited and designed photographer, Leena Kejriwal’s book, Calcutta: Repossessing the City, 2006. And artist Surendran Nair’s book, Itinerant Mythologies, 2008. <mask> <mask> has curated several art shows: ‘Rain’ at Sakshi Art Gallery, Bombay, commissioning 32 Indian contemporary artists to make works on Rain; ‘Kashmir’ at Tao Art Gallery, Bombay, where artists from Jammu & Kashmir, long-marginilised, were invited to present their works with mainstream Indian artists in an awareness program of Kashmir, its history and conflict; and ‘The Curious World of Chinthala Jagdish, a show of the Hyderabad artist and his whimsical art works. She curated the online show of international art for Pen & Brush, New York, and launched her curatorial project 'Tagore Lost and Found' with 30 Indian artists at Siddhartha Tagore's Art Bull Gallery in New Delhi, 1 March 2013. She recently curated 'Migration' for the Pune Biennale 2017. It included photography, films and poetry mounted in six shipping containers with junk art created by Pune artists in the foreground. A poet, her chapbook of poems, 'The Room' has been published by AarkArts, UK, besides having appeared in various magazines, anthologies and online poetry sites.Her book of poems 'Fuse' has been published by Poetry Primero, an imprint of Poetrywall, 2017. Poems from it have been translated into Arabic, Urdu, French, Greek and Chinese. A Chinese edition of FUSE was launched at the Formosa Poetry Festival in Tamsui, Taiwan, 2017. FUSE has also been taught at the Towson University in Maryland, USA. Her second book of selected poems responding to art and photographic images 'When Seeing Is Believing' has been launched recently in Mumbai and will be having a New York launch in July 2019. International Gallerie International Gallerie was conceived and founded by <mask> <mask> <mask> in 1997, as a platform for addressing universal socio-political/cultural issues as interpreted through excellence in the arts from global regions. Gallerie encourages unity in diversity in the belief that it is culture that ultimately humanises. Quotes “Gallerie draws my attention to what I didn't know or what I thought I never needed to know... it is positive and passionate.” -Mel Gooding, noted art critic, UK.“A magnificent production as well as an especially forceful presentation.” ——Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate, India/USA/UK “Reading Gallerie is like leafing through the contemporary Louvre... in your living room. For twenty years, it has nourished my awareness of the evolving global art and culture situation. It’s an honour to be published in its pages.” ——Gulzar, poet, lyricist, filmmaker, India “I didn’t see how Gallerie could possibly be better than its first issue, but each successive one proves me wrong!” ——Adrian Piper, philosopher and conceptual artist, Germany Personal life <mask> <mask> was married in Tokyo to photographer and award-winning documentary filmmaker Rafeeq <mask> and they have two children; <mask>, a successful IT professional in the US and Yuki <mask>, an actor-director, who played Hermea in Tim Supple's "Midsummer Night's Dream", and has received a "Best Actress Award" from her solo performance in "Elephant in the Room", which played at the Fringe Festival, Edinburgh, 2017, for three weeks. <mask> <mask> Ellias when not a wandering nomad, lives and works in Bombay. References External links Rethinking Rain Roving Eye <mask> <mask> Ellias: Understanding Afghanistan <mask> <mask> (India) Gallerie German Authors in India An Afghan Affair Baggage of hate: Review of burning Gujarat Inspired Poems Indian magazine editors Indian women designers 20th-century Indian designers Living people Scottish Church College alumni University of Calcutta alumni Indian women editors Indian editors Women magazine editors Year of birth missing (living people) 20th-century Indian women

Ultra Naté

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<mask> (born March 20, 1968) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, DJ and promoter who has achieved success on the pop charts with songs such as "Free", "If You Could Read My Mind" (as part of Stars on 54), and "Automatic". Virtually all of her singles have reached the Top 10 of the US Hot Dance Club Play chart. Such singles include "Show Me", "Free", "Desire", "Get It Up (the Feeling)", "Love's the Only Drug", and her number-one hits "Automatic", "Give it All You Got" featuring Chris Willis, "Waiting On You" and "Everybody Loves the Night". In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked her as the 12th most successful dance artist of all-time. Biography Early life Born <mask>é in Havre de Grace, Maryland, United States, she displayed her singing talent at an early age. Growing up, Naté enjoyed a wide variety of music; she enjoyed listening to artists such as Marvin Gaye and Boy George, who Naté later said helped her become more open to being more experimental with her style and production of music. She is best known in her home country for her 1990s dance crossover track, "Free".She is also remembered in America for her team-up with Amber and Jocelyn Enriquez as Stars on 54 on a 1998 cover of Gordon Lightfoot's "If You Could Read My Mind", which was a minor mainstream American hit. It reached #52 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #3 on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. Though she has had club success in America, she has found the majority of her singles and, especially, album sales success in Europe. Career <mask> Naté began her recording career on a major label, Warner Bros. Records, signed through its British offices. Through it, she released her first two albums. Her debut album, Blue Notes in the Basement (1991) was created along with the Basement Boys and it featured the singles "It's Over Now", "Deeper Love (Missing You)", "Is It Love", and the gospel-tinged "Rejoicing". In 1993, the alternative dance/house One Woman's Insanity was released.Although it still featured the Basement Boys' production on several tracks, this time <mask> found herself working with Nellee Hooper, and D-Influence. At a time when soulful house music performers such as Robin S and Crystal Waters were scoring cross-over Top Ten Pop singles, it was believed that <mask>é would score a similar level of commercial success. Mainstream sales however were not achieved even though "Show Me" received moderate mainstream pop radio airplay. Singles included "How Long", "Show Me" (her first song to reach the top position on the US Dance charts) and "Joy". However, neither release sold very well, and she was dropped from the label. In 1995, <mask> contributed the song "Party Girl (Turn Me Loose)" to the soundtrack to the independent film starring Parker Posey. The single was commercially released by the King Street Sounds label.When Warner Bros. tried to push her in another direction, <mask> left the major label and moved to the independent dance label, Strictly Rhythm. It was here that "Free", her biggest mainstream hit, was released in 1997. The song, co-written by <mask>, Lem Springsteen and John Ciafone while production was held by both Springsteen and Ciafone, enjoyed heavy airplay throughout the summer, not only in clubs, but on rhythmic and mainstream radio stations in America and Europe. "Free" peaked at number 75 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It became a substantial hit in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart, helping its parent album 'Situation: Critical' reach number seventeen on the UK Albums Chart. It was also successful in Canada, where it peaked at number ten on the Canadian Singles Chart. It was with this album that Ultra Naté's greatest commercial success was achieved, particularly in Europe, where singles such as "Found a Cure" (No.6 in the UK), and "New Kind of Medicine" (No 14 UK) also charted. In 1998, a new single "Pressure" was released internationally. Taken from the soundtrack to the film The 24 Hour Woman, it contained three club mixes. The original version of the track was found on 'Situation: Critical" but listed as "Release the Pressure". Her follow-up album Stranger Than Fiction, which was released in 2001, featured the production work of artists such as Attica Blues, 4 Hero, and Mood II Swing. Four singles were released: "Desire", "Get It Up (The Feeling)", "Twisted", and "I Don't Understand It". <mask> contributed the song "Wonderful Place" to the AIDS benefit compilation Keep Hope Alive: A Lifebeat Benefit Compilation.Additionally, in 2004, she released the singles "Feel Love", "Brass in Pocket", "Time of Our Lives" (released as "Ultra Devoted featuring <mask> and Gerry DeVeaux"), and a new version of "Free" that features twelve new mixes. In 2005, she collaborated with Gaudino and released the single "Bitter Sweet Melody". Later in the same year she found herself again on the charts, when her featured vocals on the Stonebridge single "Freak On" became a successful dance hit. She also performed on the British show Hit Me Baby One More Time. Having become a mother for the first time in the fall of 2005, <mask> released her fifth album Grime, Silk, & Thunder on her newly created imprint Blufire in partnership with Tommy Boy Records. The first single released was "Love's the Only Drug", which became available through the US iTunes Store August 8, 2006 and reached number two on the American Hot Dance Club Play and made the Top 30 on the Hot Dance Airplay chart. The second single "Automatic" (a cover version of the Pointer Sisters hit) reached number one on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart (the week ending April 28, 2007).It also received airplay in the Rhythmic/Dance format radio where it reached the Top 30 of most playlists in this radio format. Following Automatic, Ultra released "Give It All You Got" which features Chris Willis in Dec 2007. The song hit No. 1 on the Billboard Dance Music/Club Play charts the week ending February 23, 2008. In mid-2009 it was announced that US singer Michelle Williams, previously of Destiny's Child has collaborated on a song with Ultra called "I'm Waiting On You", for use on both of their next studio albums. In 2010 Ultra has released a Bob Sinclar remix of her hit "Free" on Strictly Rhythm. "Give It 2 U" in collaboration with Quentin Harris for his album "Sacrifice".She also released "Destination" in collaboration with Tony Moran which peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard Dance Play chart. "Destination" was the second single off Tony's album, Mix Magic Music. In 2010 she released an EP titled "Things Happen At Night" featuring Ultra's pop and soul melodies and vocals over percussive club beats done by Unruly productions. January 2011 is saw the release of Ultra's next single with Strictly Rhythm on her Deep Sugar label imprint called "Turn It Up" with a music video directed by Leo Herrera. "Turn It Up" was the first single to be released from her sixth studio album titled Hero Worship. In September 2011, she submitted the song, "My Love" to represent Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan.However, though close, the song failed to reach the final. In 2013, she held a residency spot at Cafe Ole at Space, Ibiza. Her spirited presence has graced the stages of New York's massive Summer Stage in Central Park, Nile Rodgers acclaimed FOLD Festival sharing the stage with the likes of CHIC, Duran Duran, Pharrell and Beck to Lincoln Center's annual Midnight Summer Swing and numerous Pride events around the world. Ultra's 2017 album collaboration, Ultra Naté & Quentin Harris as Black Stereo Faith, reached the iTunes Top 10 upon release. Awards and nominations {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" | Award ! scope="col" | Year !scope="col" | Category ! scope="col" | Nominee(s) ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable"| |- ! scope="row" rowspan=3|Billboard Music Awards | 1997 | rowspan=2|Top Hot Dance Club Play Single | "Free" | | |- | rowspan=2|1998 | "Found a Cure" | | rowspan=2| |- | Top Hot Dance Club Play Artist | Herself | |- ! scope="row" rowspan=5|International Dance Music Awards | rowspan=3|1998 | Best Dance Solo Artist | Herself | | rowspan=3| |- | Best House/Garage 12" | rowspan=2|"Free" | |- | Best Pop 12" Dance Record | |- | 2008 | Best Dance Solo Artist | Herself | | |- | 2011 | Best House/Garage Dance Track | "Give It 2 U" | | Discography Albums Studio albums Compilation albums The Best Remixes, Vol. 1 (1997) Best Remixes, Vol.2 (1999) Alchemy - G.S.T. Reloaded (2008) Extended plays Things Happen at Night (2010) Singles As featured artist See also List of number-one dance hits (United States) List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart References External links Ultra Naté — official website 1968 births Living people People from Havre de Grace, Maryland African-American women singer-songwriters American garage house musicians American house musicians American contemporary R&B singers Warner Records artists Tommy Boy Records artists AM PM Records artists American dance musicians Singer-songwriters from Maryland Deep house musicians American women in electronic music 20th-century African-American women singers 21st-century African-American women singers

Edward Boustead

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<mask> (1800–1888) was an English businessman and philanthropist, who founded Boustead & Co and played an active role in the development of Singapore as a business and trading centre. <mask> was born in Yorkshire, England. He was the great-grandfather of actor David Niven. Beginnings of Boustead & Co In 1828, <mask> arrived in Singapore on board the British ship Hindustan. In the same year, he established a trading company, Boustead & Co. Boustead & Co specialised in import and export, offering goods such as banca tin, spices, saps, rattan, medicinal herbs, silk and tea widely available in South East Asia in exchange for Western products like cloth, oil and machinery. Boustead commissioned Irish civil architect, George Drumgoole Coleman to design his company's headquarters alongside the Singapore River. The warehouse was known as "the house of seven and twenty pillars", located around the corner from High Street.In 1834, Boustead partnered with German-born merchant, Gustav Christian Schwabe in the Singapore company. Schwabe and his cousin established Sykes Schwabe & Co in Liverpool. The Liverpool partner would export products like textiles, biscuits, brandies and steel to the East, while the Singapore partner would trade with Eastern produce such as coffee and spices. The freedom of port made Singapore an ideal market for trading among imported manufacturers. Import of Western commodities such as textiles and machinery had to be balanced with exports of Eastern produce such as copra, coconut, pepper and tapioca. Boustead & Co had a "Balance of Trade", where demand for goods from the East had to be balanced with demand for goods from the West. Singapore merchant, Tan Kim Seng, was a middleman in Boustead's trading activities.He was also a good friend of Boustead. Tan amassed small shipments of produce from local traders for Boustead, who would then ship the produce to the West. With a wide trading network, trade credit and finance became increasingly important to banks, merchants, manufacturers and traders. <mask> actively contributed to the Singapore's trading activities and economy. Boustead & Co was the first agent for Hongkong and Shanghai Bank in Singapore, offering banking facilities to businesses. Brokers and sellers could draw a specific percentage of advances against the value of their goods stored in the Boustead warehouse. Such financing was called "trust receipts", where the merchant would hold the goods in trust for the banks.In 1850, Boustead also set up a London office, Edward Boustead & Co, to oversee the other offices in Hong Kong, Manila, Shanghai and Singapore. Between 1863 and 1877 <mask>ustead owned shares in vessels managed by Killick Martin & Company. Apart from the three main partners, James Killick, James Henry Martin and David William Ritchie, the next principal shareholder was <mask>ustead, who held shares in 11 vessels. Two of Boustead’s partners in Boustead & Company, William Wardrop Shaw and Jasper Young, also held shares in some of the vessels. Jasper Young owned 40 shares in Mabel Young presumably named after his wife or daughter. During the late 1880s, Boustead & Co took advantage of the introduction of the rubber tree to Malaysia and eventually became a leading rubber plantation manager and owner of 49 rubber plantations with a total planted area of 141,629 acres. In 1892 Boustead & Co handled the first shipment of bulk oil to Penang and shortly after this the Shell Transport and Trading Company was formed with Isaac Henderson acting as one of its original directors.Boustead represented and operated on Shell’s behalf in Penang until 1920 when Shell opened its own branch. By 1899, Singapore had become the world’s main exporter of tin. Boustead & Co played a leading role as promoter and investor in the tin smelting facility on Pulau Brani, constructed by the Straits Trading Company. From that point forward, Straits Tin became one of the leading businesses of Boustead & Co. Over the decades, the excellent reputation of Boustead & Co allowed it to attract some of the world’s most famous brands to give it agency rights in Singapore and around the region. Some of the famous brand names that became synonymous with Boustead were Cadbury's, Nestle, Del Monte, Gillette, Procter & Gamble, Johnnie Walker, Hennessy, Moet & Chandon, Nissan, Suzuki and Thomas Cook. After his death in 1888, Boustead's associates took over the business. Boustead Plc (formerly known as Taiping Rubber Plantations Limited) was founded in 1910 and eventually listed as Boustead Plc on the London Stock Exchange.Having survived World War I, Boustead & Co played a significant role in the rise of Singapore as the world’s largest port, with a booming business in cargo, freight handling, insurance and ship services. Boustead & Co represented over 20 major shipping lines and numerous insurance agencies including the renowned Lloyd’s, which Boustead represented for more than one century. After World War II, Malaysia declared independence from the British in August 1957 and Singapore declared independence from Malaysia in 1965. This saw Boustead & Co split into three entities, Boustead plc in London, Boustead Holdings Berhad in Malaysia and Boustead Singapore Limited which listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange on 17 October 1975. Boustead Limited formed out of Boustead plc and was renamed later Boustead & Co Limited, which is the holding company for financial services, including corporate finance, principal investing and asset management. Role in development of Singapore Boustead was a shareholder in the Tanjong Pagar Dock Company (now known as the Port of Singapore Authority). He was also a key investor in the Straits Trading Company, the first tin foundry in Singapore.A pioneer in Singapore's newspaper industry, <mask> was a co-founder of the Singapore Free Press with architect George Drumgoole Coleman and William Napier. The newspaper was the forerunner of The Straits Times. An enterprising businessman in the trading sector, <mask> was one of the founding members of the Singapore Chamber of Commerce in 1837. The institution promoted trade in Singapore through establishing shipping, protecting trade on behalf of merchants and encouraging trade activities among merchants. <mask> was active in community activities as well. He started the Horticultural Society, which supported the cultivation of pepper, cotton, sugar and other tropical produce. The Horticultural Society was responsible for pioneering the Singapore Botanic Gardens.In 1829, Boustead started the first Singapore Club, which was called the Billiards Club. <mask>'s house, designed and built by George Drumgoole Coleman, was one of the exclusive villas on Singapore's Esplanade. It was later converted into a hotel, renamed the Grand Hotel de l'Europe. The site where Boustead's villa stood is now occupied by the old Supreme Court. Philanthropy and Social Impact Investments Many sailors were left homeless when they were sick or too old to work. <mask> was an altruistic man and he felt compassion for these sailors. He built the Boustead Institute, situated at Tanjong Pagar.The building came to be known as the Sailor's Home, providing accommodation for sailors of ships visiting the port as well. Boustead also donated charitably to hospitals, schools and churches. Some of these buildings included Raffles Institution, Saint Joseph's Institution and the Cathedral of the Good Shepherd. In 2014 Boustead & Co co-founded Noble Tree Property Investment, a socially minded property company that develops, owns, lets and sells affordable housing and specialty supported housing developments across the United Kingdom. In 2015 Boustead & Co founded Boustead Asset Management Limited in Mauritius to serve as the investment advisor to Boustead Investment Fund, a social impact investment fund with a focus on investing in socially conscious investments. The asset manager and fund are regulated by the Financial Services Commission in Mauritius and were granted a Collective Investment Scheme Manager Licence and Category 1 Global Business Licence by the Financial Services Commission. Family Boustead had a daughter, <mask>, who was born in 1857.<mask> married William Niven and the couple gave birth to a son, <mask> Graham Niven. <mask> Graham Niven then married socialite Henrietta Julia Degacher. Their first child was James David Graham Niven, better known as David Niven. Niven's film career spanned over 90 films, and he was best known for his roles in Around the World in 80 Days (1956), The Pink Panther (1963) and Casino Royale (1967). There has been some dispute over Niven's paternity, with one biographer claiming that Niven himself believed his biological father to be Sir Thomas Comyn-Platt, whom his mother later remarried after her first husband was killed on active service in 1915. References External links Boustead and Co Website Boustead Holdings Berhad Website Boustead Singapore Limited Website English philanthropists British rule in Singapore 1800 births 1888 deaths People of British Singapore 19th-century British businesspeople 19th-century British philanthropists British people of colonial Malaya 19th-century English businesspeople

Flaco Jiménez

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Leonardo "<mask><mask> (born March 11, 1939) is an American singer, songwriter and accordionist from San Antonio, Texas. He is known for playing Norteño, Tex Mex and Tejano music. <mask> has been a solo performer and session musician, as well as a member of the Texas Tornados and Los Super Seven. Over the course of his seven-decade career, he has received numerous awards and honors, including Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Grammys, Americana Music Awards, Tejano Music Awards, and Billboard magazine. Early life <mask> was born in San Antonio, Texas in 1939. He is descended from a line of musicians, including his father <mask>, Sr., and his grandfather <mask>. He began performing at the age of seven with his father, a pioneer of conjunto music, and began recording at age fifteen as a member of Los Caporales.Jiménez's first instrument was the bajo sexto, but he later adopted the accordion after being influenced by his father and zydeco musician Clifton Chenier. He was given the nickname "Flaco" (which translates as "Skinny" into English), which was also his father's nickname. Career Jiménez performed in the San Antonio area for several years and then began working with Doug Sahm in the 1960s. Sahm, better known as the founding member of the Sir Douglas Quintet, played with Jiménez for some time. Jiménez later went to New York City and worked with Dr. John, David Lindley, Peter Rowan, Ry Cooder and Bob Dylan. He appeared on Cooder's world music album Chicken Skin Music and was a guest musician on the Rolling Stones' Voodoo Lounge album. These appearances led to greater awareness of his music outside of America.After touring Europe with Cooder he returned to tour in America with his own band, and on a joint bill with Peter Rowan. <mask>, Rowan and Wally Drogos were the original members of a band called the Free Mexican Airforce. <mask> appeared on the November 13, 1976 episode of NBC's Saturday Night with Cooder. In 1988, he performed on the hit country single "Streets of Bakersfield" by Dwight Yoakam and Buck Owens. The song reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1988. <mask> won his first Grammy award in 1986 for his album Ay Te Dejo en San Antonio, whose title song was composed by his father. His third Grammy was for another song written by his father, "Soy de San Luis", recorded by the Tejano fusion group Texas Tornados with Augie Meyers, Doug Sahm and Freddy Fender.Starting in 1998, he was a member of Los Super Seven, a supergroup that won a Grammy Award for their eponymous album. <mask> was one of the featured artists in the 1976 documentary film Chulas Fronteras, directed by Les Blank. He also appeared as a band member in the 2000 movie Picking Up the Pieces, with Woody Allen and Sharon Stone, and was also featured on the film's soundtrack. His music has been featured on the soundtrack for other movies, such as Y Tu Mamá También, El Infierno, The Border, Tin Cup, Chulas Fronteras, and Striptease. He was one of the artists featured in archival footage in the 2013 documentary film This Ain't No Mouse Music about Arhoolie Records and its founder Chris Strachwitz. The Hohner company collaborated with Jiménez to create the Flaco Jimenez Signature series of accordions. Personal life His brother, <mask>, Jr., is also an accomplished accordionist and has recorded extensively.In March 2015, Jiménez suffered a broken hip and two rib fractures from two separate falls. By May of that year, he returned to performing and was one of the acts on closing night of the 34th annual Tejano Conjunto Festival in San Antonio. <mask> and his wife once owned a food truck in the San Antonio area, named Tacos Jimenez. Discography Studio albums Una Sombra, 1972, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX El Papa Del Caminante, 1973, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX Mis Polkas Favoritas, 1973, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX Corridos Famosos, 1973, D.L.B.Records, San Antonio, TX Clavelito Clavelito, 1973, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX La Otra Modesta, 1974, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX El Rey De Texas, 1975, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX A Mis Amigos Cariñosamente, 1976, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX El Principe Del Acordeón , 1977, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX Flaco Jiménez Y Su Conjunto, 1977, Arhoolie Records Flaco ‘79, 1979, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX Mis 25 Años, 1980, D.L.B.Records, San Antonio, TX El Sonido de San Antonio, 1980, Arhoolie Polkas De Oro, 1983, D.L.B. Records, San Antonio, TX Ay Te Dejo en San Antonio, 1986, Arhoolie Flaco's Amigos, 1988, Arhoolie San Antonio Soul, 1991, Rounder Records Partners, 1992, Warner Bros. Records Flaco Jiménez, 1994, Arista Records Buena Suerte Senorita, 1996, Arista Said and Done, 1998, Virgin Records Arriba el Norte, 1998, Sound Records Sleepytown, 2002, Back Porch Records Squeeze Box King, 2003, Compadre Records Ya Volvi De La Guerra, 2009, Fiesta Records Entre Humo y Botellas, 2009, Rounder Flaco & Max: Legends & Legacies, 2014, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings Live albums One Night at Joey's (Live), 1999, Sony Records Compilations and re-releases El Rancho de la Ramalada, [release year unknown], Joey Records Ay Te Dejo en San Antonio y Más!, 1990, Arhoolie Un Mojado Sin Licencia and Other Hits From the 1960s, 1993, Arhoolie Flaco's First! (with Los Caminantes), 1995, Arhoolie 15 Exitos, 1995, Joey Records Best of Flaco Jiménez, 1999, Arhoolie Ultimo Tornado, 2001, Warner Bros. 20 Golden Hits, 2001, Hacienda Records Flaco's Favorites: 14 Fabulous Tracks, 2002, Fab14 Records Contiene Exitos, Prieta Case Se Me Olvido Otra Vez, 2003, Discos Ranchito Fiesta Del Rio, 2006, Fiesta Records Melodias, 2010, Joey Records Polkas y Mas..., 2010, Joey Records Featured on multi-artist compilation albums Tex-Mex Conjunto Classics, 1999, Arhoolie Singles Guest singles Participations 2007 : "My Name Is Buddy" (Nonesuch Records), by Ry Cooder, with Paddy Moloney, Van Dyke Parks, Mike & Pete Seeger, Bobby King & Terry Evans, Jim Keltner, Jacky Terrasson, Jon Hassell 1989 : Plays accordion on "New Pony" on the Orchestre Super Moth EP The World At Sixes And Sevens. Released on Rogue Records (12FMS 6–7). Awards and honors Between 1986 and 2015, Jiménez has won six Grammy Awards, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, plus an additional three nominations. In 1999, Jiménez was awarded the Billboard Latin Music Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2000, Jiménez won a Tejano Music Video of the Year award at the Tejano Music Awards for his song "De Bolon Pin Pon".In 2001, both <mask> and his brother Santiago were included among the first group of recipients of the Texas Medal of Arts in the folk arts category. <mask> was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 31st Tejano Music Awards ceremony in 2011. In 2012, he received a National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment of the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. In 2014, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award for Instrumentalist from the Americana Music Association. He received his plaque at the ceremony from longtime collaborator Ry Cooder, with whom he also performed at the event. <mask> was one of five artists to receive the inaugural Distinction in Arts honor from the City of San Antonio in 2015. Also in 2015, his collaborative album with Max Baca titled Flaco & Max: Legends & Legacies won an award in the Latin Album category at the 14th Annual Independent Music Awards.In 2017, a photograph of Jiménez taken by Al Rendon in 1987 was added to the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Images in the Gallery "represent the numerous individuals who have made a significant impact on the history and culture of the United States". In 2018, the Houston Chronicle listed him as number 19 of the Greatest 50 Texas Musicians of all time. Jiménez received the Top of Texas Award from the Country Music Association of Texas in 2019. Earlier in the same year, he also received the History-Making Texas Award from the Texas State History Museum Foundation. In 2020, <mask> received the Chris Strachwitz Legacy Award from the Arhoolie Foundation. In 2021, <mask>'s album Partners was selected as one of 25 works to be inducted into the National Recording Registry's class of 2020, with the registry calling Jiménez "a champion of traditional conjunto music and Tex-Mex culture who also is known for innovation and collaboration with a variety of artists."Grammy awards |- ! scope="row" | 1987 | Ay Te Dejo en San Antonio | Best Mexican-American Performance | | solo album |- ! scope="row" | 1989 | <mask>'s Amigos | Best Mexican-American Performance | | solo album |- ! scope="row" | 1991 | "Soy de San Luis" | Best Mexican-American Performance | | song by the Texas Tornados |- ! scope="row" | 1992 | Zone of our Own | Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal | | album by the Texas Tornados |- ! rowspan="2" | 1996 | <mask> Jiménez | Best Mexican-American/Tejano Music Performance | | solo album |- | "Cat Walk" | Best Country Instrumental Performance | | Lee Roy Parnell song, featuring Jiménez |- ! rowspan="2" | 1999 | Los Super Seven | Best Mexican-American Music Performance | | album by Los Super Seven |- | Said and Done | Best Tejano Music Performance | | solo album |- !scope="row" | 2015 | himself | Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award | | |- References External links Audio interview with <mask> <mask>, May 28, 1986, University of Texas at San Antonio: Institute of Texan Cultures: Oral History Collections Living people 1939 births 20th-century accordionists 21st-century accordionists 20th-century American male musicians 21st-century American male musicians American accordionists American country singer-songwriters American male singer-songwriters American musicians of Mexican descent Musicians from San Antonio Singer-songwriters from Texas Country musicians from Texas Tejano accordionists Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners National Heritage Fellowship winners Texas Tornados members Hispanic and Latino American musicians Arhoolie Records artists Arista Records artists Rounder Records artists Virgin Records artists

Michael Angelakos

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<mask> (born May 19, 1987) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as the frontman of the indietronica band Passion Pit. Career Passion Pit (2008–present) The first Passion Pit songs, which would later become the Chunk of Change EP, were written by <mask> at Emerson College as a belated Valentine's Day gift to his then-girlfriend. At first, he wrote and performed all his material alone using a laptop. After one of his solo shows in the Boston area, Ian Hultquist, who was attending Berklee at the time, approached <mask> and expressed interest in creating and playing music collaboratively. They formed a group that consisted of <mask>, Hultquist, Ayad Al Adhamy, Thom Plasse (bass), and Adam Lavinsky (drums). The band spent a considerable amount of time trying to flesh out a collaborative format and structure that would work best for them.Jeff Apruzzese and Nate Donmoyer joined the band shortly after they signed to Frenchkiss in 2008, replacing Plasse and Lavinsky, respectively. In 2012, Adhamy was replaced by Xander Singh. 2007–09: Chunk of Change The band's debut EP, Chunk of Change, was released on September 16, 2008. The first four tracks were those that <mask> had written as a gift for his girlfriend, which had already become popular throughout the Emerson College campus, where <mask> was attending classes at the time, and had been passing out his own, self-produced copies. The first and only single to be released from the EP, "Sleepyhead", received a good deal of exposure through its use in numerous media campaigns and advertisements, while the video for the song, directed by The Wilderness, was included on Pitchfork's Top 40 Music Videos of 2008 list. The song contains samples of "Óró Mo Bháidín" by Irish singer and harpist Mary O'Hara. Other songs from the EP received some exposure as well."Cuddle Fuddle" was featured in E4's second series of The Inbetweeners and "I've Got Your Number" was used in an advertisement for the cash card from O2, Money in the UK. 2009–11: Manners The band's first full-length studio album, Manners, was released on May 18, 2009 in the UK and May 19, 2009 in the United States and Canada. In celebration, the band played their record release party on the 18th in New York City on a Rocks Off boat cruise. In order to obtain a specific background vocal accompaniment the band was looking for on Manners, Passion Pit enlisted the help of the PS22 chorus, who recorded vocals in-studio for three of the album's songs: "The Reeling", "Little Secrets", and "Let Your Love Grow Tall." "The Reeling" was the first single to be released from the album and found success on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart in the fall of 2009, where it peaked at number 34 in October and "Little Secrets" was the third single to be released and had success on the chart as well, topping out at number 39. "Let Your Love Grow Tall" was never released as a single but had some exposure being used in the sixteenth episode of the fourth season of the TV series Ugly Betty. The album's second single, "To Kingdom Come", was used in the Rhapsody commercial for its iPhone application."Sleepyhead" was the only track from Chunk of Change to be included on the album and was made available from iTunes for free as a discovery download in 2009. The song continued to receive additional exposure through its appearances in advertisements. It was used in a season 3 episode of the teen-drama, Skins and most recently in the debut trailer for LittleBigPlanet 2, which led to the band's increased popularity amongst fans and players of the game, who eventually created an in-game instrumental version of the song to listen to in the first game. When the sequel was released, it came with the song's actual instrumental version used in the trailer. The song "Moth's Wings" was used in the fourth episode of the third season of the CW teen drama Gossip Girl and in the closing credits of episode 36 of HBO's Big Love. It appeared in the FIFA 10 video game and was featured in the film Life as We Know It, starring Katherine Heigl and Josh Duhamel. Additionally, the track has been used as a background theme for Sky Sports' coverage of the UEFA Champions League and as the music for a dance routine in Episode 5, Season 8, of the US television show So You Think You Can Dance, which received a standing ovation from the show's judges.It was also featured in MTV's show Awkward. In June 2009, the band performed at the Glastonbury Festival 2009 in Pilton, Somerset, England, where they dedicated the final song of their set to festival headliner Jarvis Cocker, who was to perform on the same stage later that same day. Afterwards, NME, while favorably reviewing Passion Pit's performance, incorrectly reported the band as having dedicated their entire set to Cocker. On April 13, 2010, the band reissued Manners in a deluxe edition format which contained new artwork and three additional tracks: stripped-down versions of "Sleepyhead" and "Moth's Wings" and a cover of The Cranberries' song "Dreams". The deluxe release coincided with the extension of their North American headlining tour. The band released another cover in June 2010, this time offering up their take on The Smashing Pumpkins hit song "Tonight, Tonight" as part of a promotion with Levi's called "Pioneer Sessions". In September 2010, Passion Pit toured with the English band Muse as their opening act for eight shows during their fall tour through parts of the U.S.Following those supporting shows, the band headlined the Campus Consciousness Tour, produced by Pretty Polly Productions in collaboration with Guster guitarist Adam Gardner's non-profit organization Reverb. The two-week tour featured stops at twelve college campuses and, in addition to the music, focused on promoting eco-friendly lifestyles. Opening acts for the tour included Black Joe Lewis & the Honeybears and K. Flay. 2011–14: Gossamer In an August 2010 interview with NME, <mask> stated that work had already begun on the follow-up to Manners and that the band intended to release the album in the spring of 2011. He then said that it will be released early in 2012, and finally that the release date was July 24. On April 24, 2012, <mask> announced the title of the album, Gossamer, and that it would be released on July 24, 2012. On May 7, the first track from Gossamer was released, called "Take a Walk".On June 12, the second track from Gossamer was released, called "I'll Be Alright". The track leaked early on June 11 and was released as an NME premiere on June 8. On July 9, a third track from Gossamer, called "Constant Conversations", was reviewed and featured as "best new track" by Pitchfork. It was released with the review as streamed content. Gossamer was officially released on July 20, 2012. On October 13, they performed on Saturday Night Live. They played "Take a Walk" and "Carried Away."<mask>, Kill The Noise and Fatman Scoop appeared on "Recess", the second single and title track from American record producer Skrillex's debut album Recess. The single was released on July 7, 2014. 2015–17: Kindred On January 29, it was revealed that a new album, Kindred, was in the making. The album was released on April 21. On February 16, the official track listing was released. From the start of 2015, to the album's release on April 21, the official Passion Pit blog released clues to the new song's lyrics and melodies in the form of Morse-encoded lyrics with the track number and time code the lyrics appeared at, and 4 – 10 seconds of melody for a select few songs. 2017-present: Tremendous Sea of Love On March 24 the album Tremendous Sea of Love was self-released.This came one month after the album had been available for free in exchange for retweets of a tweet describing the importance of science and research. The official release of the album was announced on July 11 to be on July 28. Personal life At seven, he started his first band, Dead Grass, and made himself a canvas tote bag as personal merchandise, emblazoned with a painting of a meadow on fire and fake band members lying about. While living in Buffalo, he developed an appreciation for ska, forming a local ska band, Cherry Bing. He also experimented with a number of other musical ventures throughout his years at Nichols School, delving into different musical forms and composition expanding his musical acumen. During this time, he became proficient in putting his musical thoughts directly and quickly into sound. Within one hour, he wrote and recorded the music for a high school play.He performed onstage for that production, which was performed at the Fringe Festival in Scotland. While he attended Emerson College, in the 2000s, he developed a love for opera, the soprano voice, show tunes, and slowcore indie rock, continuing to compose scores for school film majors. <mask> married Kristina Mucci in 2013. On August 27, 2015, the couple announced that they were divorcing. In the same year, he came out as bisexual. Mental health On July 16, 2012, <mask> posted on the Passion Pit website that the band had canceled the remaining July 2012 tour dates and suspended the tour in order for <mask> to seek ongoing treatment for bipolar disorder. A Rolling Stone interview stated that <mask> was diagnosed at 17, and had been receiving therapy, hospital care, and medication ever since.Two days later, Pitchfork ran a cover story explaining the nature of <mask>' health issues and its ties to Passion Pit's second album. It was revealed he was on suicide watch. On March 4, 2013, The Huffington Post reported about <mask>' evident recovery as Passion Pit performed a sold-out show at Madison Square Garden on February 8, 2013. The article cited <mask> as being "in one of the best places he's ever been". <mask>, with his company The Wishart Group, together with co-founder Bianca Campuued and neuroscientists David and <mask>, is working to bring changes in the music industry with regards to mental health. References 1987 births 21st-century American guitarists 21st-century American singers 21st-century American male singers American male guitarists American male singer-songwriters American people of Greek descent American rock guitarists American singer-songwriters Bisexual men Bisexual musicians Emerson College alumni LGBT people from New Jersey Living people Passion Pit members People with bipolar disorder LGBT singers from the United States 20th-century LGBT people 21st-century LGBT people

Landon Pearson

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<mask> "Lucy" <mask>, (born November 16, 1930) is a Canadian former Canadian Senator and a children's rights advocate. She is the daughter-in-law of former Prime Minister Lester B<mask>, through her marriage to his son <mask>. <mask> was appointed to the Senate of Canada on September 15, 1994 by then Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and sat with the Liberal caucus. She retired from the Senate on November 16, 2005 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75. As an author Her book, Children of Glasnost (1990) described growing up in the Soviet Union, and how that changed as Russian society became more open. A second book, Letters from Moscow ',a selection of her personal correspondence while living in Moscow while her husband was the Canadian ambassador to the Soviet Union, was published in 2003. Most recently in 2010, in collaboration with Judy Finlay PhD, <mask> published Tibacimowin: A Gathering of Stories, which gathered and translated oral history stories from members of some Ontario First Nations elders peoples.Child advocate In 1974 she cofounded Children Learning for Living, a prevention program in children's mental health. It operated for 23 years through the Ottawa Board of Education until 1998. She was a school trustee in both Canada and India; and has been involved in community-based programs such as Mobile Creches for Working Mothers' Children, a child care service for the children of nomadic construction workers in New Delhi and Bombay. In 1979, she was Vice-Chairperson of the Canadian Commission for the International Year of the Child and edited the Commission's report, For Canada's Children: National Agenda for Action. Among her recommendations were increased financial support for battered women's shelters funding for unwed mothers seeking to continue their education amendments to the Income Tax Act to allow a greater deduction for child care costs laws requiring car seat restraints for infants. legislation to return Indian rights to Native women who married non-Indian men. Many of these recommendations have been carried out.From 1984 to 1990 she was President, then Chairperson of the Canadian Council on Children and Youth. She was a founding member and Chairperson of the Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children in 1989 until she was appointed to the Senate, September 1994. She is a director of the Centre for the Study of Children at Risk at McMaster University; a delegate to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, September 1995; a delegate to the First World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Stockholm, August 1996; the alternate head of the Canadian delegation to the International Child Labour Conference in Oslo, October 1997; the co-chair of Out From the Shadows: International Summit of Sexually Exploited Youth in Victoria, British Columbia, March 1998; and the co-chair of the Special Joint Committee on Child Custody and Access which drafted the report entitled For the Sake of the Children, 1998. In May 1996, Senator <mask> was named Advisor on Children’s Rights to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. She provided advice to the Minister, on a regular basis, concerning children's issues in the foreign policy context and on the impact of domestic policies for children on our international commitments, notably the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In June 1999, she was named Personal Representative of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien to the 2002 Special Session on Children of the United Nations General Assembly. On November 3, 2006, Senator <mask> announced the opening of The <mask> Pearson Resource Centre for the Study of Childhood and Children's Rights.The Centre’s mandate is to promote activities that address issues relating to children, childhood and communities, to make the resources available to students and faculty at Carleton University, to host events and speakers, and to secure the resources required to promote these activities. The Centre officially opened its doors on June 2, 2006, International Children's Day. In 2010 she retired as Director of the Resource Centre but it continues to run in affiliation with Carleton University in Ottawa. The centre is connected to the Child Rights Information Network (CRIN) Education and awards Senator <mask> graduated from King's Hall, Compton in Quebec and Trinity College in the University of Toronto in 1951 with a B.A. in Philosophy and English and from the University of Ottawa in 1978 with a M.Ed. in psychopedagogy. She received an honorary Doctor of Laws from Wilfrid Laurier University in May 1995, an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Victoria in November 2001, a Doctor of University (D.U.)from the University of Ottawa in June 2002, and an honorary Doctors of Law from Carleton University in June 2003 for her work on children's rights. She has been honoured for her work on behalf of children from the United Way of Ottawa-Carleton, and through receipt of the Canadian Volunteer Award and the Norma V. Bowen Humanitarian Award of the Ontario Psychological Foundation. In 2008, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. Family She was married to Canadian diplomat <mask>, the son of former Prime Minister Lester B<mask> and Maryon <mask>, until his death on March 18, 2008. Geoffrey and <mask>'s daughter <mask> is a notable Canadian writer. Senator <mask> and her husband have five children and twelve grandchildren. As the wife of a former Canadian diplomat, she raised their five children in Canada, France, Mexico, India and the Soviet Union.See also List of Ontario senators References External links Order of Canada citation Landon Pearson Centre for the Study of Childhood and Children's Rights North‐South Partnership for Children PeaceWomen Across the Globe bio - collective nomination to Nobel Peace Prize 1930 births Living people Canadian senators from Ontario Liberal Party of Canada senators Officers of the Order of Canada Politicians from Toronto Writers from Toronto Women members of the Senate of Canada Trinity College (Canada) alumni University of Toronto alumni Bishop's College School alumni University of Ottawa alumni Women in Ontario politics Landon Children's rights activists 21st-century Canadian politicians 21st-century Canadian women politicians

Taylor Barras

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<mask> (born January 1957) is an American accountant and banker from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 48, based in Iberia Parish. On January 11, 2016, as he began his third term in the chamber, <mask> was elected House Speaker by his colleagues, who in what was considered a political upset on the second ballot rejected Representative Walt Leger, III, of New Orleans, the choice of incoming Democratic Governor John Bel Edwards. <mask> received fifty-six votes; Leger, forty-nine. Since the days of Huey Pierce Long, Jr., legislators had confirmed the governor's choice for Speaker, but the Republican House majority instead elected <mask>, despite the governor's wishes to the contrary. Political biography A New Iberia native, <mask> (pronounced BAH RAH; French: /baʁa/) is the third of four children of <mask> (1924-deceased) and <mask> (1923-2007), a decorated United States Army first lieutenant in World War II, who operated a country grocery store from 1951 until 1969 and was then from 1969 to 1983 the chief deputy under Iberia Parish Tax Assessor Clegg J. LaBauve, Sr. (1906-1987). The senior <mask> was elected to succeed LaBauve as tax assessor in 1983; he handily defeated Erland "Ticky" LaBauve (born May 1947) and held the position from 1984 until his retirement in December 2000. <mask> graduated in 1975 from New Iberia Senior High School, an entity of the Iberia Parish School System.In 1979, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. He is market president of Iberia Bank. He is married to the former Cheryl Lopez. Elected in 2007 in his first political bid, as a Democrat like his father, <mask> and Shane Romero led a four-candidate primary field to enter the November 17 general election. <mask> received 5,436 votes (45.3 percent) to Romero's 3,191 (26.6 percent). The two other Democrats in contention, David N. Broussard and Raymond Lewis, shared the remaining but critical 28.5 percent of the vote. <mask> then defeated Romero, 6,690 (62 percent) to 4,091 (38 percent) In 2011, <mask> became one of several members to switch to GOP affiliation.As a result of several special elections since 2010 and the party defections, Republicans gained a majority of the state House for the first time since Reconstruction. <mask> is a candidate for a second term in the nonpartisan blanket primary set for October 22, 2011. In his first term, <mask> served on these committees: (1) House and Governmental Affairs, (2) Municipal, Parochial and Cultural Affairs, (3) Ways and Means, and (4) Joint Legislative Committee on Capital Outlay. In 2010, Representative <mask> was rated 100 percent by the Louisiana Association of Business and Industry, 82 percent by the Louisiana National Federation of Independent Business, and 89 percent by the Louisiana Family Forum. In 2011, <mask> voted, unsuccessfully, to override then Governor Bobby Jindal's veto of an increase in his state's cigarette tax. He also voted to ban hand-held cellular devices while driving. He voted against a 2011 proposal to establish a commission to study how to end state corporate and personal income taxes over the next decade.Role as Speaker <mask> predicted no shortcuts to the reconciliation of the state budget, the first agenda item in the special legislative session set for mid-February. "None of the choices are easy or ideal, but we have to face them," <mask> said. When Governor John Bel Edwards' proposed increase in the state gasoline tax failed in the House in 2017, key supporters of the governor questioned the effectiveness of <mask>' leadership. The Louisiana Republican Party and conservatives in the state House, however, rallied to <mask>' defense on the premise that without <mask>' leadership, the tax increase may have succeeded. It required a supermajority of seventy votes in the chamber. In a June 1 editorial, the Lafayette Daily Advertiser even called upon <mask> to resign: "It may be no one could lead these 105 elected representatives, but <mask> has proven he cannot. <mask> is a good man but a bad speaker."Ken Naquin, the chief executive officer of Louisiana Associated General Contractors, referred to "the toxic mix that is the House of Representatives as it exists today [with] the total lack of leadership in the House." Naquin said that "in reality" there are three House Speakers, including <mask>, Lance Harris of Alexandria, the chairman of the House Republican Caucus, and Cameron Henry of Metairie, the chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. Harris disputed Naquin's observation and said that <mask> is "doing an awesome job." In July 2017, Governor Edwards sent <mask> a letter asking the Speaker to formulate his own plan for closing an estimated $1.3 billion budget shortfall for 2018. "If you remain unwilling to undertake comprehensive budget and tax reform, please identify your plan to solve the looming fiscal cliff," Edwards wrote. The governor said that he will not call a second special session to address fiscal matters unless bipartisan solutions are advanced: "At a cost of roughly $60,000 per day, it would be irresponsible to make Louisiana's taxpayers foot the bill for another special session without a firm commitment to act from the House," Edwards wrote. Lanny Keller, a journalist for The Baton Rouge Advocate, wrote in reference to <mask>'s retirement as Speaker that the lawmaker, a compromise choice for the top position, is "a nice guy.But unfortunately, he's been a failure in many ways as Speaker, and one who left the House as an institution in far worse shape than he found it. The budget process is a mess, and <mask> bears a large share of the responsibility. Some of that is direct and personal, because as a member of the numbers-crunching Revenue Estimating Conference, he blocked ordinary and reasonable budget forecasts in recent months." See also List of American politicians who switched parties in office References |- 1957 births 21st-century American politicians American accountants American bankers Businesspeople from Louisiana Living people Louisiana Democrats Louisiana Republicans Louisiana State University alumni Members of the Louisiana House of Representatives People from New Iberia, Louisiana Speakers of the Louisiana House of Representatives

Takahito, Prince Mikasa

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was a Japanese royal, member of the Imperial House of Japan. He was the fourth and youngest son of Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) and Empress Teimei (Sadako) and was their last surviving child. His eldest brother was Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito). After serving as a junior cavalry officer in the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II, the prince embarked upon a post-war career as a scholar and part-time lecturer in Middle Eastern studies and Semitic languages. With the death of his sister-in-law, Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu, on 17 December 2004, he became the oldest living member of the Imperial House of Japan. At his death at the age of 100, Prince Takahito was the oldest living royal and the oldest living prince in line of succession. Early life Prince Takahito was born at the Tokyo Imperial Palace in the third year of his father's reign and a full fifteen years after the birth of his eldest brother, the future Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito).His childhood appellation was Sumi-no-miya. Prince Takahito attended the boys' elementary and secondary departments of the Gakushūin (Peers' School) from 1922 to 1932. By the time he began his secondary schooling, his eldest brother had already ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne and his next two brothers, Prince Chichibu and <mask>su, had already embarked upon careers in the Japanese Imperial Army and the Japanese Imperial Navy, respectively. He enrolled in the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1932 and was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant and assigned to the Fifth Cavalry Regiment in June 1936. He subsequently graduated from the Army Staff College. Upon attaining the age of majority in December 1935, Emperor Shōwa granted him the title Mikasa-no-miya (<mask>kasa) and the authorization to form a new branch of the Imperial Family. Military service Prince Mikasa was promoted to lieutenant in 1937 and to captain in 1939, serving in China under the name of "Wakasugi".During his army career, he was harshly critical of the Japanese military's conduct in China. In a 1994 interview, he criticised the Imperial Army's invasion of and atrocities in China, and recalled having been "strongly shocked" when an officer informed him that the best way to train new recruits was to use living Chinese POWs for bayonet practice. According to Daniel Barenblatt, Prince Mikasa and his cousin Prince Tsuneyoshi Takeda received a special screening by Shirō Ishii of a film showing airplanes loading germ bombs for bubonic plague dessemination over the Chinese city of Ningbo in 1940. He also was given a film of Japanese atrocities, possibly linked to the footage used in the American propaganda film, The Battle of China, and was so moved that he made his brother Emperor Hirohito watch the film. In 1994, a newspaper revealed that after Prince Mikasa's return to Tokyo, he had written a stinging indictment of the conduct of the Imperial Japanese Army in China, where the Prince had witnessed Japanese atrocities against Chinese civilians. The Imperial Army General Staff suppressed the document, but one copy survived and surfaced in 1994. After the war, it was reported that while an officer, Prince Mikasa had taken a strict stance against lax discipline and the cruel actions of Japanese soldiers serving in China.Promoted to major in 1941, <mask>a served as a staff officer in the Headquarters of the China Expeditionary Army at Nanjing, China from January 1943 to January 1944. His role was intended to bolster the legitimacy of the Wang Jingwei regime and to coordinate with Japanese Army staff towards a peace initiative, but his efforts were totally undermined by the Operation Ichi-Go campaign launched by the Imperial General Headquarters. <mask>a served as a staff officer in the Army Section of the Imperial General Headquarters in Tokyo until Japan's surrender in August 1945. After the end of the war, the Prince spoke before the Privy Council, urging that Hirohito abdicate to take responsibility for the war. Marriage On 22 October 1941, <mask>a married Yuriko Takagi (born 4 June 1923), the second daughter of Viscount (kazoku, pre-war Japan's upper classes) Masanari Takagi. <mask> and Princess Mikasa had five children. In addition to their five children, they had nine grandchildren and four great-grandchildren as of 2015.The couple's two daughters left the Imperial Family upon marriage. All of their sons predeceased them. Children (formerly ; married on 16 December 1966 to Tadateru Konoe, younger brother of former Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa and adopted grandson (and heir) of former Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe, currently President of the Japanese Red Cross Society; has a son, Tadahiro, who has three children. ; heir apparent; married on 7 November 1980 to Nobuko Asō (born 9 April 1955), third daughter of Takakichi Asō, chairman of Aso Cement Co., and his wife, Kazuko, the daughter of former Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida; had two daughters. ; created Katsura-no-miya on 1 January 1988. (formerly ; married on 14 October 1983 to Sōshitsu Sen (born 7 June 1956), the elder son of Sōshitsu Sen XV, and currently the sixteenth hereditary grand master (iemoto) of the Urasenke Japanese tea ceremony School; and has two sons, Akifumi and Takafumi, and a daughter, Makiko. ; created Takamado-no-miya on 1 December 1984; married on 6 December 1984 to Hisako Tottori (born 10 July 1953), eldest daughter of Shigejiro Tottori, former president, Mitsui & Co. in France; and had three daughters.Post-war career After the defeat of Japan in World War II, many members of the imperial family, such as Princes Chichibu, Takamatsu and Higashikuni, pressed Emperor Hirohito to abdicate so that one of the Princes could serve as regent until Crown Prince Akihito came of age. On 27 February 1946, Prince <mask> even stood up in the Privy Council and indirectly urged the Emperor to step down and accept responsibility for Japan's defeat. General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, the most senior-ranking United States military commander in Japan at the time, insisted that Emperor Hirohito retain the throne. According to Minister of Welfare Ashida's diary, "Everyone seemed to ponder Mikasa's words. Never have I seen His Majesty's face so pale." After the war, Prince <mask> enrolled in the Literature Faculty of the University of Tokyo and pursued advanced studies in archaeology, Middle Eastern studies, and Semitic languages. From 1954 until his death in 2016, he directed the Japanese Society for Middle East Studies.He was honorary president of the Japan Society of Orientology. The Prince held visiting and guest faculty appointments in Middle Eastern studies and archaeology at various universities in Japan and abroad, including: Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, Aoyama Gakuin, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, the University of London, Hokkaido University and the University of Shizuoka. He made numerous radio and television appearances, speaking on cultural subjects, and was known as "the Imperial scholar". He was especially interested in Jewish studies, and believed "The truth incarnated in Judaism, a truth of being rather than of theory, is the central meaning of history. … History had brought him—Prince Mikasa—to the Jew, he said, and Judaism had brought him back to himself. For the Jew is not only the father of the West, he is the scion of the Orient. He is the holy bridge (a traditional and poignant Japanese symbol) between East and West.Through understanding Judaism, the Prince regained a sense of his dignity as a member of his people; he was again proud to be Japanese." Final years and death Towards the end of his life, due to his advanced age, Prince Mikasa rarely made public appearances, and regularly used a wheelchair. He and Princess Mikasa lived together at a residence in the grounds of the Akasaka Estate in Motoakasaka, Minato, Tokyo. He underwent heart surgery in 2012, and made a full recovery. His routine included exercising for about 30 minutes each day with his wife at their Tokyo residence, and he often went outdoors for a roll in his wheelchair. About once a week, he would leave his home for a haircut, or to attend various events for other family members. In October 2014, he attended the Tokyo wedding of his granddaughter Princess Noriko, the second daughter of his youngest son <mask>o.Palace staff noted that he appeared vigorous until his last days, and that he would always be seen helping his wife to get about. He continued to read newspapers, and enjoyed watching sumo and music programs on television. In one of Prince Mikasa's memoirs, he wrote that he toured Unit 731's headquarters in China and was shown films showing Chinese prisoners "made to march on the plains of Manchuria for poison gas experiments on humans." On 2 December 2015, Prince Mikasa became the first member of the imperial family to become a centenarian. On his 100th birthday, he said, "Nothing will change just because I turn 100 years old. I'd like to spend my days pleasantly and peacefully while praying for the happiness of people around the world and thanking my wife, Yuriko, who has been supporting me for more than 70 years." At his residence in April 2016, he met the Japanese ambassador to Turkey and took a stroll at the Akasaka Detached Palace.On 16 May 2016, <mask> was admitted to the intensive-care unit of St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo's Chuo Ward, having contracted acute pneumonia. He remained in hospital for the remaining months of his life. His heart weakened in June, and fluid accumulated in his lungs. Princess Yuriko frequently visited him along with other Imperial family members, including the Emperor and Empress in June. During his last days, Prince Mikasa remained responsive to visitors. On 22 October, Prince Mikasa and his wife celebrated their 75th wedding anniversary in his hospital room. His condition eventually stabilised to the point where he began to receive rehabilitation in his bed, which included stretching his arms and legs.At 7:40 a.m. on 27 October, however, his heart gradually slowed, stopping at 8 a.m. Prince <mask> was pronounced dead at 8:34 a.m., with his wife at his side. At his death, he had outlived all of his siblings and all three of his sons. He was also the last surviving grandson of Emperor Meiji. Prince Mikasa's funeral was held on 4 November 2016 at Toshimagaoka Imperial Cemetery. About 580 people including members of the Imperial Family, Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, U.S. Ambassador Caroline Kennedy, and former imperial family members Sayako Kuroda and Noriko Senge and their husbands, attended the funeral.Princess Mikasa hosted the ceremony as the chief mourner. Honours National Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum Foreign : Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross : Commander of the Order of the Balkan Mountains : Knight of the Order of the Elephant Empire of Iran: Member 2nd Class of the Imperial Order of Pahlavi Empire of Iran: Recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the 2,500 year Celebration of the Persian Empire : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown : Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav : Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun : Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim : recipient of the Atatürk International Peace Prize Honorary positions Honorary President of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan Honorary President of the Japan – Turkey Society Honorary Vice-President of the Japanese Red Cross Society Issue Ancestry Patrilineal descent Imperial House of Japan Descent prior to Keitai is unclear to modern historians, but traditionally traced back patrilineally to Emperor Jimmu Emperor Keitai, ca. 450–534 Emperor Kinmei, 509–571 Emperor Bidatsu, 538–585 Prince Oshisaka, ca. 556–??? Emperor Jomei, 593–641 Emperor Tenji, 626–671 Prince Shiki, ??

Kieran Joyce

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<mask> (born 4 April 1987) is an Irish hurler. His league and championship career with the Kilkenny senior team lasted seven seasons from 2011 until 2017. Born in Portlaoise, County Laois, <mask> developed as a hurler during his secondary schooling at Good Counsel College in New Ross. While subsequently studying at the University of Limerick he captained the university hurling team to the Fitzgibbon Cup title. At club level <mask> came to prominence at juvenile and underage levels with the Rower-Inistioge club, before eventually joining the club's adult team. An All-Ireland medal winner in the intermediate grade in 2014, <mask> also won Leinster and county championship medals. <mask> made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he was selected for the Kilkenny minor team.He enjoyed two championship seasons with the minor team and ended his tenure as an All-Ireland runner-up. He subsequently joined the Kilkenny under-21 team, winning two All-Ireland medals over the course of three years. After also winning an All-Ireland medal with the intermediate team, <mask> joined the extended Kilkenny senior panel in 2009, however, he didn't become a member of the regular panel until the 2011 championship. Over the course of the following seven seasons he won four All-Ireland medals, beginning with back-to-back championships in 2011 and 2012 and ending with back-to-back championships in 2014 and 2015. <mask> also won four Leinster medals and three National Hurling League medals. He announced his retirement on 26 October 2017. After being selected for the Leinster inter-provincial team for the first time in 2013, <mask> was also selected on a number of subsequent occasions.He ended his career without an Interprovincial Championship medal. Playing career University In 2011 <mask> was captain of the University of Limerick team that reached the final of the inter-varsities championship. Local rivals Limerick Institute of Technology provided the opposition and led by nine points on two separate occasions in the first half. UL were transformed in the second half, even after being reduced to fourteen men after the dismissal of Willie Hyland. A 1-17 to 2-11 victory gave <mask> a Fitzgibbon Cup medal. Club In 2013 <mask>'s club Rower-Inistioge faced Emeralds in the intermediate championship decider. The Rower started and finished strongly as they got the better of Emeralds in a tense decider.The 2-13 to 2-11 victory gave <mask> a championship medal. The Rower subsequently secured the Leinster crown following a narrow 1-9 to 0-10 defeat of Buffers Alley. On 8 February 2014 Rower-Inistioge faced Kilnadeema-Leitrim in the All-Ireland decider. Extra time was needed to separate the sides, however, <mask> collected an All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship medal following a 1-16 to 1-9 victory. Minor, under-21 and intermediate <mask> first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Kilkenny minor team in 2004. He won a Leinster medal that year following a heavy 1–15 to 1–4 defeat of Dublin. The subsequent All-Ireland decider on 12 September 2004 pitted Kilkenny against Galway.Richie Hogan proved to be the hero for Kilkenny, as his point, a minute into injury time, earned "the Cats" a 1–18 to 3–12 draw. The replay a week later was also a close affair, with Galway just about holding off the Kilkenny challenge. A 0–16 to 1–12 victory gave <mask> an All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship medal. By 2006 <mask> had linked up with the Kilkenny under-21 team. He won a Leinster medal that year following a 2-18 to 2-10 defeat of Dublin before later lining out in the All-Ireland decider against Tipperary on 10 September 2006. A last second opportunist goal by Richie Hogan saved Kilkenny and secured a 2-14 apiece draw. The replay a week later was another close encounter, however, Paddy Hogan's first half goal helped Kilkenny claw their way to the title.The 1-11 to 0-11 victory gave <mask> an All-Ireland medal. After surrendering their provincial and All-Ireland crowns the following year, <mask> won a second Leinster medal in 2008 following a facile 2–21 to 2–9 defeat of Offaly. Old rivals Tipperary provided the opposition in the All-Ireland decider on 14 September 2008. Tipperary whittled down a six-point half-time deficit to just two with minutes to go, however, Kilkenny hung on to win by 2–13 to 0–15 and secure the Grand Slam of championship titles. It was also a second All-Ireland medal for <mask>. <mask> was also a key member of the Kilkenny intermediate for a number of seasons. He won his first Leinster medal in this grade in 2006 following a 2-20 to 0-8 trouncing of Wexford.On 26 August 2006 Kilkenny faced Cork in the All-Ireland decider, however, a 3-15 to 1-18 defeat was <mask>'s lot on that occasion. Two years later in 2008 <mask> captured his second Leinster medal following a 4-26 to 3-15 trouncing of Dublin. On 30 August 2008 Kilkenny faced Limerick in the All-Ireland decider. A 1-16 to 0-13 victory gave <mask> an All-Ireland medal in that grade. <mask> won a third Leinster medal in 2011 following a 2-19 to 2-8 defeat of Wexford in the provincial decider. Senior <mask> first linked up with the Kilkenny senior team in 2009 when he was a member of the extended training panel. He spent two years in this capacity before becoming a member of the match-day panel in 2011.He was an unused substitute during Kilkenny's successful Leinster and All-Ireland campaigns that year. In spite of not playing, <mask> was still presented with winners' medals. 2012 began well for <mask> as he made his debut during the National Hurling League. He ended the campaign with a winners' medal following a 3–21 to 0–16 demolition of old rivals Cork. Kilkenny were later shocked by Galway in the Leinster decider, losing by 2–21 to 2–11, however, both sides subsequently met in the All-Ireland decider on 9 September 2012. Kilkenny had led going into the final stretch, however, Joe Canning struck a stoppage time equaliser to level the game at 2–13 to 0–19 and send the final to a replay for the first time since 1959. The replay took place three weeks later on 30 September 2012.Galway stunned the reigning champions with two first-half goals, however, Kilkenny's championship debutant Walter Walsh gave a man of the match performance. The 3–22 to 3–11 Kilkenny victory gave <mask> a second All-Ireland medal and his first on the field of play. Kilkenny's dominance showed no sign of abating in 2013, with <mask> winning a second league medal following a 2–17 to 0–20 defeat of Tipperary in the decider. In 2014 <mask> collected his third successive league medal, as Kilkenny secured a narrow one-point 2–25 to 1–27 extra-time victory over Tipperary. <mask> subsequently secured his first Leinster medal on the field of play, as a dominant Kilkenny display gave "the Cats" a 0–24 to 1–9 defeat of Dublin. On 7 September 2014 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland decider. In what some consider to be the greatest game of all time, the sides were level when Tipperary were awarded a controversial free.John O'Dwyer had the chance to win the game, however, his late free drifted wide resulting in a draw. The replay on 27 September 2014 was also a close affair. Goals from brothers Richie and John Power inspired Kilkenny to a 2–17 to 2–14 victory. It was <mask>'s third All-Ireland medal overall. <mask> won a third Leinster medal in 2015 following a 1-25 to 2-15 defeat of Galway in the provincial decider. It was Kilkenny's 70th provincial title. Kilkenny and Galway later renewed their rivalry when they faced each other again in the All-Ireland final on 6 September 2015.The team struggled in the first half, however, a T. J. Reid goal and a dominant second half display, which limited Galway to just 1-4, saw Kilkenny power to a 1-22 to 1-18 victory. It was <mask>'s fourth All-Ireland medal overall. Kilkenny retained the Leinster title in 2016, with <mask> claiming a fourth winners' medal following a 1-26 to 0-22 defeat of Galway. Kilkenny subsequently qualified for an All-Ireland final meeting with Tipperary on 5 September 2016. While just two points separated the sides at the interval, Tipperary completely outplayed Kilkenny for the second half. A total of 2-21 for their inside forward line of Séamus Callanan, John McGrath and John O'Dwyer helped them to a huge 2-29 to 2-20 victory. After disappointing league and championship campaigns in 2017, <mask> announced his retirement from inter-county hurling on 26 October 2017.Career statistics Honours University of Limerick Fitzgibbon Cup (1): 2011 (c) Rower-Inistioge All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship (1): 2014 Leinster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship (1): 2013 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 2013 Kilkenny All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (4): 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (4): 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016 National Hurling League (3): 2012, 2013, 2014 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 2008 Leinster Intermediate Hurling Championship (3): 2006, 2008, 2011 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship (2): 2006, 2008 Leinster Under-21 Hurling Championship (2): 2006, 2008 Leinster Minor Hurling Championship (1): 2004 References 1987 births Living people Rower-Inistioge hurlers Kilkenny inter-county hurlers All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners

Olive Borden

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<mask> (July 14, 1906 – October 1, 1947) was an American film and stage actress who began her career during the silent film era. She was nicknamed "the Joy Girl", after playing the lead in the 1927 film of that same title. Borden was known for her jet-black hair and stunning overall beauty. At the peak of her career in the mid-1920s, Borden was earning $1,500 a week. In 1927, she walked out on her contract with Fox after refusing to take a pay cut. By 1929, her career began to wane due to her rumored reputation for being temperamental and her difficulty transitioning to sound films. She made her last film, Chloe, Love Is Calling You, in 1934 and moved on to stage work for a time.By the late 1930s, she had declared bankruptcy and stopped acting. During World War II, she joined the Women's Army Corps. She was later honorably discharged with distinction after sustaining a foot injury during service. Borden attempted a comeback in films, however, she was hindered by her alcoholism and health problems. In 1945, she began working at the Sunshine Mission, a home for impoverished women located in the skidrow section of Los Angeles. She died there in October 1947 of a stomach ailment and pneumonia at the age of 41. Early life Borden was born in Richmond, Virginia on July 14, 1906.It was often erroneously reported that Sybil Tinkle was <mask>'s real name until the 1990s, when it was discovered that another woman had been confused with <mask>. In a 1910 census report, her name is listed as Borden. Her father Harry Robinson <mask> (1880–1907) died when she was a baby and she was raised by her mother Cecelia "Sibbie" Shields (1884–1959) in Norfolk, Virginia, and Baltimore, Maryland, where she attended Catholic boarding schools. Through her father, she was a fourth cousin of <mask>. As a teenager, she persuaded her mother to take her to Hollywood to pursue a career in show business. To support themselves they opened a candy store and <mask> worked as a telephone operator. Career <mask> began her career as one of the Sennett Bathing Beauties in 1922 and was soon appearing as a vamp in Hal Roach comedy shorts.Producer Paul Bern chose her for an uncredited role in his film The Dressmaker from Paris (1925). She was signed by Fox after being named a WAMPAS Baby Star in 1925 (along with her cousin, Natalie Joyce). Borden quickly became one of their most popular and highest paid stars earning a salary of $1,500 a week. She had starring roles in eleven films at Fox, including 3 Bad Men and Fig Leaves, both of which costarred her then-boyfriend George O'Brien. 3 Bad Men has also been featured at the Museum of Modern Art. During this time she worked with some directors who would go on to achieve major fame, including John Ford, Howard Hawks, and Leo McCarey. Paramount Studios began a policy of 10% paycuts on any salary over $50 to recoup production costs, when Fox tried the same and cut her salary in 1927, Borden left the studio.By this point she was a major silent film star. In making the transition to "talkies" she worked with a voice coach (to suppress her Southern accent). She was less successful, but still remained in demand as an actress, continuing to work for Columbia and RKO. She had cut her trademark hair into a short bob, and turned herself into a modern flapper. But <mask> had trouble with the new look, losing her identity; she couldn't find her audience and this confused her waning public. She made few movies in the early 1930s and her once promising career stalled, producing but one picture in 1932 (The Divorce Racket), and three in 1933 (Leave it to Me, Hotel Variety, and The Mild West). Her last screen credit came in the 1934 film Chloe, Love Is Calling You, where she played a woman kidnapped at birth and raised as a child of mixed race.Some say that this once-lost film "is so bad it should've stayed lost." A pre-code movie made under Will Hays, it had little box office success and in some states (mostly southern) it was banned at the time of its release. Borden then moved to New York, where she had a brief stage career, and made a living on the waning vaudeville circuit. Later years During her acting career, <mask> was one of the highest paid stars. She spent her money freely and by the late 1930s, she was broke. Borden then found work as a postal clerk and mail carrier and also worked as a nurse's aide. In December 1942, Borden joined the Women's Army Corps (the Women's Army Corps, the only place women could serve in the Army at that time) where she served as an ambulance driver and received an Army citation for bravery in turning over an enemy ammunition truck.Her Army career ended in 1944, with an honorable discharge after she was hospitalized in Walter Reed Medical Center with a severe foot injury. After her discharge, she attempted an unsuccessful comeback in films. Borden struggled with alcoholism and numerous health problems. She spent her final years in the skid row section of Los Angeles working and living at the Sunshine Mission, a home for women alongside her mother Sibbie, who got Borden the work. Personal life Borden had several relationships with men, in and out of the motion picture industry. For the majority of her life, she lived with her mother, Sibbie, who was known as a "stage mother", helping Borden with most decisions and spending of money until Borden's death. From 1926 to 1930, Borden was romantically involved with actor George O'Brien and the press reported they were engaged.She also dated director Marshall Neilan, producer Paul Bern, and had a long affair with Arthur Benline, a Lieutenant Commander in the Navy Construction Battalion. Borden was married twice. Her first marriage was to stockbroker Theodore Spector, whom she married on March 28, 1931, in Harrison, New York. The marriage was rocky from the start, and the couple separated in early 1932 after news of scandal broke that she was involved in a love triangle. Spector had not divorced his first wife, Pearl, whom he married in 1919, and he was arrested for bigamy after his first wife came forward and claimed they were still married. In November 1932, <mask> petitioned the court for an annulment, which was granted on November 22. Spector was ultimately cleared of bigamy, but <mask> with the marriage annulled, moved on from the entire incident.She married her second husband, 26-year-old railroad technician, John Moeller, in November 1934 under the pseudonym <mask>. That marriage ended in divorce seven years later. Death Borden died on October 1, 1947, from complications of pneumonia at the age of 41. The only possession she had when she died was a signed photo of herself. Borden's funeral was held on October 3 at the Sunshine Mission home for women, where she had worked and lived since 1945. The mission's founder, Essie Binkley West, officiated at the service. Borden was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.Her mother was interred in the grave next to her when she died of a heart attack in 1959. For her contributions to the film industry, <mask> has a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard. She was one of the first eight stars chosen to receive a star in 1958. Selected filmography Footnotes Works cited Ankerich, Michael G. (2010). Dangerous Curves Atop Hollywood Heels: The Lives, Careers, and Misfortunes of 14 Hard-Luck Girls of the Silent Screen. BearManor. External links <mask> at Virtual History 1906 births 1947 deaths 20th-century American actresses Actresses from Virginia American film actresses American silent film actresses American stage actresses Deaths from pneumonia in California Actors from Norfolk, Virginia Vaudeville performers Actresses from Baltimore WAMPAS Baby Stars Women's Army Corps soldiers

David J. Impastato

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<mask>, M.D. – born January 8, 1903 (Mazara del Vallo, Sicily), died February 28, 1986 (Pasadena, California) – was a neuropsychiatrist who pioneered the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the United States. A treatment for mental illness initially called "electroshock," ECT was developed in 1937 by Dr. Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini, working in Rome. <mask> has been credited with the earliest documented use of the revolutionary method in North America, administered in early 1940 to a schizophrenic female patient in New York City. Soon after, he and colleague Dr. Renato Almansi completed the first case study of ECT to appear in a U.S. publication. <mask> spent the next four decades refining the technique, gaining recognition as one of its most authoritative spokesmen. He taught, lectured widely and published over fifty articles on his work.He called on ECT practitioners to observe the strictest protocols of patient safety, countered resistance to ECT from both the medical and cultural establishments, and met later challenges to electroconvulsive therapy from developments in psychopharmacology. <mask> would live to see ECT recommended by the American Psychiatric Association for a distinct core of intractable mental disorders. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration took longer to respond to the treatment's potential. But in 2016 the FDA drafted guidelines for ECT similar to those of the APA, as well as proposing regulations for treatment with Class II and Class III devices. Though still not free of controversy, electroconvulsive therapy is the treatment of choice for an estimated 100,000 patients a year in the United States. Life and works <mask> was born in the Sicilian port town of Mazara del Vallo, the youngest in a family of ten children. In 1912, he emigrated to the United States at the age of nine, settling with his mother Rosaria and a number of his siblings in New York City's "Little Italy."His father Domenico, a schoolteacher, stayed behind in Mazara and died before he was able to join his wife and children in America. Early on it was decided that "<mask>" would be the doctor in the family. His mother collected the paychecks of his older brothers and sisters, most of whom worked in New York's garment district, and redistributed the funds to family members according to need. A share of the money was set aside for young <mask>'s future education. When the family moved to Brooklyn, he was enrolled at Clason Point Military Academy, run by the Lasallian Christian Brothers, to avoid the uncertainties of the local schools. He went on to receive his pre-medical degree from Columbia University in 1925, and three years later, his Doctor of Medicine from the George Washington University Medical School. During his general internship at Metropolitan Hospital Center in New York, Impastato was drawn to neurology.In 1929, he began a year of residency at New York's Central Neurological Hospital, followed by two years as clinical attending neurologist at Postgraduate Hospital (later NYU Hospital Center). His presentation of spongioblastoma multiforme of the brain, published in 1932, reflects his neurological foundation. That year he began a residency in Bellevue Hospital's Psychiatric Department, foreshadowing his lifelong interest in the biomedical aspects of human behavior. After his residency, he remained at Bellevue as an assistant psychiatrist, gaining the experience of the city hospital's diverse patient population of "the great, the poor, the wealthy and the unfortunate." During his Bellevue tenure he was also appointed visiting neuropsychiatrist at Columbus Hospital. In 1937, certified as a Diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, <mask> established his private practice in Manhattan. The same year, Drs.Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini, after experimentation with dogs, administered the first ECT to a catatonic patient in Rome. Though convulsive treatments for mental illness had been conducted earlier with the use of metrazol, this was the first therapeutic seizure in medical history induced by electric current. <mask> was later to describe the event in The American Journal of Psychiatry. In September 1939, Dr. Renato Almansi, an Italian neuropsychiatrist and future colleague of <mask>'s, emigrated to the United States to escape the rising anti-Semitism in Europe. He brought with him a version of the ECT machine that Cerletti and Bini developed for their work in Rome. Soon after arriving in New York, Almansi introduced the Cerletti-Bini device to <mask>, whose growing reputation in America had caught the attention of Dr. E. Secondari, one of Almansi's former psychiatry professors. Impastato had seen the promise of Cerletti's revolutionary technique from the outset.After conducting his own experiments with the device over the next few months, he administered his first electroconvulsive treatment on January 7, 1940, in his West 55th Street office (see "First ECT in America" below). Almansi had been unable to persuade hospitals in Philadelphia, New York and Boston to sponsor a clinical trial of ECT. <mask> appealed to Columbus Hospital, where he had served in the Department of Neuro-Psychiatry for the prior half-dozen years. Founded by Mother (now Saint) Frances Xavier Cabrini and run by the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Columbus Hospital might have seemed an unlikely venue for the controversial treatment. But the medical establishment's aversion to controversy weighed less with a small private hospital, and the sisters had long admired Impastato's work with mental sufferers. Rev. Mother Enrica, Mother Superior of the hospital, gave Impastato the go-ahead.He and Almansi began a clinical trial there on February 6, 1940, the earliest ECT treatments reported by any hospital in the United States. The five-month trial was conducted with male and female patients under the age of fifty. A total of 100 ECT treatments were completed "without a single complication." In September of that year, Impastato and Almansi released the account of their work in the New York State Journal of Medicine, the first case study of the treatment to appear in an American publication. Almansi commented later on the changed environment. "As word spread that the treatment was being administered," he recounted, "others felt encouraged and reassured." Early U.S. practitioners such as Victor Gonda, Douglas Goldman and Lothar Kalinowsky followed the landmark Impastato and Almansi article with their own published studies of ECT.During the war years in the 1940s, electroconvulsive therapy would become a fixture in psychiatric centers in the U.S. and abroad. <mask> served the war effort as a psychiatric examiner, even as his practice during that period expanded rapidly into large offices on Manhattan's Fifth Avenue and a private out-patient clinic. His clientele ranged from the immigrant population to the city's elite, mirroring his Bellevue experience. He described his therapeutic approach as "eclectic," offering biomedical care as well as psychotherapy and family counselling. "I am not for any one type of treatment," he explained, "I am only for the patient." Emphasizing the humanity of the doctor-patient encounter, he pointed out the "psychic component in any treatment situation, even if the therapy seems to be essentially somatic." His work with ECT would continue to evolve.He authored more than fifty articles covering a range of subjects from his clinical findings, to historical notes, to his innovations in ECT technology. <mask> supplemented his published work with numerous lectures in the U.S., Europe and Asia, as well as with presentations on radio and television, becoming one of ECT's most respected voices in the international psychiatric community. His appointments and professional affiliations included: Associate Clinical Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at New York University School of Medicine; Guest Lecturer in Psychiatry and Law at New York University School of Law; life fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and the New York Academy of Medicine; a founder of the American College of Psychiatrists; founder and first president of the Eastern Psychiatric Research Association; life fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine; member of the Advisory Committee on Malpractice for The Medical Society of New York; life member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; member of the American Medical Association, the American Society of Medical Psychiatry, the Society of Biological Psychiatry, the New York Neurologic Society, the New York Society for Clinical Psychiatry, and the International League Against Epilepsy; attending psychiatrist and member of the Medical Board of Gracie Square Hospital; consulting or attending neuropsychiatrist at Bellevue (now Bellevue Hospital Center), Columbus Hospital, City Hospital, Parkway Hospital, Goldwater Memorial Hospital (now Coler Specialty Hospital), Kings Park Psychiatric Center and West Hill Sanitarium, all in the New York City area. Personal profile <mask> was married to the former <mask> <mask>, RN, whom he met at Bellevue and who served as his office manager and medical assistant in the first years of practice. They had three children and five grandchildren. He retained close ties with his extended Sicilian-American family, who made his achievements in medicine possible. His "genteel personality and manner," in the words of a contemporary, endeared him to those in both his personal and professional life.He was a Latinist, a geology hobbyist, a gardener, a stamp and fine-art collector, a member and benefactor of the Salmagundi Art Club of New York (the annual <mask>ato Award), the founder of Baseball International supporting youth baseball in Italy, a volunteer consultant and forensic psychiatrist for the NYPD, and a weekly house doctor for the Metropolitan Opera. He lived with his wife and children at "Five Acres," the family residence in Pelham Manor, New York. <mask>'s obituary in The New York Times incompletely cited his cause of death as pneumonia. At that time he was hospitalized in Pasadena, California, in the advanced stages of Parkinsonism, which had forced his retirement after nearly fifty years of practice. He is buried at Holy Mount Cemetery, Tuckahoe, New York. Legacy The first to administer an electroconvulsive treatment for mental illness in North America, <mask> was in the vanguard of pioneering neuroscientists who challenged the medical establishment's resistance to ECT. He also contended with negative representations of the treatment in popular culture such as those in the novel and film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, which portrayed ECT as a punishment for unruly asylum inmates.By the same token, he confronted his peers with the misapplications of the treatment that contributed to these stereotypes. In bracing articles published in Diseases of the Nervous System, he documented the complications that can result from ECT, including fatality, when treatment protocols are compromised. He reviewed methodologies and called for vigilance. Improper use of ECT could be observed especially in state-hospital settings. <mask>'s concern for the patient also guided his research. Early on he experimented with sodium amytol, a barbiturate derivative that managed patients' anxiety when preparing for ECT and helped to reduce the treatment's musculoskeletal complications. This line of investigation led to his breakthrough studies of the muscle-relaxant succinylcholine, which he presented in over a dozen of his articles and lectures in the early and mid 1950s.A neuromuscular blocker rather than a barbiturate depressant, succinylcholine preserves ECT's efficacy while eliminating its convulsive force in the patient. <mask> called it "the miraculous drug." It has since become a procedural standard in the treatment's administration. By the 1960s, the pharmaceutical treatment of mental illness seemed poised to eclipse ECT entirely. <mask> was among those who affirmed the value of drug therapy for psychiatric disorders. At the same time, he continued to advocate electroconvulsive treatment for cases that proved resistant to pharmaceutical intervention alone. "There is no conflict of interest between drug therapy and the convulsive therapies," he insisted."Each belongs in the therapy kit of the psychiatrist." <mask> would live to see the American Psychiatric Association move beyond lingering controversy and adopt this pragmatic approach, recommending ECT in otherwise "untreatable" cases where drugs or psychotherapy remain ineffective. For the APA these include depression with psychotic features, manic delirium, and catatonia when low food or fluid intake threatens the patient's life. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration was slower to back the evidence of favorable ECT outcomes. But in 2016 the agency acknowledged that the benefits of electroconvulsive therapy outweighed the risks, especially to memory which in clinical trials referenced by its Draft Guidelines was shown to "return to baseline" within three moneths after treatment. The FDA responsibly proposed restricting ECT to Class II and Class III devices, the highest level of regulatory control. Both the APA and FDA guidelines confirm clinical observations dating from <mask>'s earliest ECT research."The most favorable results," he wrote with Almansi in 1940, "have been obtained in cases of recent onset, in catatonic and depressive stupor, and in the group of schizoid-depressives." This seminal appraisal was published within months of <mask>'s historic first treatment, which had proceeded without the sanction of his North American peers. Today in the United States, a refined ECT is the frontline therapy for an estimated 100,000 patients a year. First ECT in America In his History of the Use of EST in the United States, <mask> describes his first treatment. The procedure takes place after experimentation has been completed and while the search for a hospital venue is underway. <mask> uses the older designation "EST," since at the time the terms "electroshock" and "electrofit" were not yet superseded by the "ECT" acronym for electroconvulsive therapy: Zigmond Lebensohn, MD, provides specifics in his account of the event in Comprehensive Psychiatry: "Dr <mask>'s records reveal the following handwritten entry for January 7, 1940: 'Volts 70, T-.1 sec MA 400. Had delayed (15sec?)reaction during apnea, face flushed, eyes opened, normal expression–looking forward, no breathing.' This treatment was administered by Dr. <mask> on a Sunday morning in his office." <mask>'s 55th Street office also served as his residence, which offered a chance opportunity for Sunday callers. His colleague, Dr. Renato Almansi, was not present during the procedure, arranged spontaneously after the unscheduled visit and the desperate plea of the patient's father. The facilities and patient's records were at hand for her examination and treatment. <mask>'s wife <mask>, a registered nurse, would have assisted. It was certainly not unlawful for <mask> to proceed with the controversial therapy outside an official clinical setting, but it required a high degree of confidence.Medical institutions on the east coast had so far denied support for ECT research, and he ran the risk of professional censure. Almansi later felt that the human urgency of the circumstances played a large part in the "precipitous" nature of the episode, among the more dramatic in the treatment's history. The treatment itself matched the initial 70 volts given by Ugo Cerletti in his first ECT three years earlier in Rome. In both <mask>'s and Cerletti's patients this voltage elicited a petit mal seizure. Cerletti's patient responded by speaking coherently for the first time in years. Cerletti went on to induce a grand mal seizure in the patient at a higher voltage before concluding the treatment. Impastato's single-stage petit mal procedure required only one assistant besides the operator to ensure patient safety.Writing in the American Psychiatric Association's newsletter, Psychiatric News, Lucy Ozarin, MD, reviews the competing claims for the first ECT in the United States made by Drs. Douglas Goldman and Victor Gonda. She points out that "none of these claims is supported by historical documentation." By contrast, she cites the "compelling" case made by <mask>'s chart for his first ECT patient, dated January 7, 1940, which is on file with his papers in the Library and Archives of the American Psychiatric Association in Arlington, Virginia. She concludes: "In the absence of primary-source evidence to the contrary, or a differing interpolation of <mask>'s file, this document would appear to identify the first ECT treatment given to a human subject in the U.S." See also Electroconvulsive therapy References Biographical Directory of the Fellows and Members of the American Psychiatric Association. New York: Bowker, 1977. p. 619. Print.Shorter, Edward and <mask>. Shock Therapy: A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007. Print. Lebensohn, Zigmond M., MD. "The History of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the United States and Its Place in American Psychiatry: A Personal Memoir." Comprehensive Psychiatry 40:3, May/June 1999: pp.175–76. Print. Ozarin, Lucy D., MD. "The First Use of ECT in the United States." Psychiatric News (American Psychiatric Association) August 6, 1993: Sesquicentennial Update. Print. <mask>, <mask>. and Renato Almansi, MD."Electrically Induced Convulsions in the Treatment of Mental Illness." New York State Journal of Medicine vol. 98, September 1940. Print. <mask>, <mask>. "Bibliography, Lectures, Meetings, Discussions, Films, Television, Radio, Exhibits." New York, NY: The Oskar Diethelm Library, DeWitt Wallace Institute for the History of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College.Notes 1903 births 1986 deaths People from Mazara del Vallo Italian emigrants to the United States Italian neuroscientists History of neuroscience Physical psychiatric treatments Scientists from Sicily

George A. Spadoro

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<mask><mask> is an American Democratic Party politician who served three terms as Mayor of Edison, New Jersey, and two terms in the New Jersey General Assembly, where he represented the 18th Legislative District. Early life and education <mask><mask> was born on March 27, 1948, in Jersey City, New Jersey. After moving to Edison, New Jersey he attended J. P. Stevens High School and graduated in 1966. He attended college at the University of Connecticut for 4 years where he served as Chairman of the Student Senate and Vice President of the student government. He graduated with his Bachelor of Arts in 1970. <mask> then continued on to the University of California Hastings College of Law where he named to the Hastings Law Journal, was elected Student Government President of the Associated Students of Hastings (ASH) and served as an ex officio member of the law school Board of Governors. As ASH president, Spadoro worked to implement a number of programs, such as The Placement Policy Committee, which was designed to aid the director in expanding job placement services for Hastings graduates and other operational difficulties.He also developed and implemented the Judicial Clerkship Committee to assist students in determining the educational and career advantages of a post-graduate Judicial clerkship. At the same time he obtained assistance for this program from individual members of the Hastings Faculty. Another program Spadoro worked to develop and implement was The California Supreme Court Externship Program, which allowed for a carefully selected student to spend a considerable part of a full semester working as a judicial clerk under the auspices of a California Supreme Court judge. <mask> graduated University of California Hastings College of Law with a J.D. in 1973. Political career <mask> first ran for public office in 1978, challenging incumbent Democratic Congressman Edward J. Patten in the primary election and receiving 41% of the vote. During the 1980s, Spadoro was a member of the Edison Township Council.Mayor of Edison, NJ <mask> was elected mayor of Edison Township in November 1993. His campaign focused on the issues of job creation and tax stabilization, environmental protection and the preservation of open spaces, and open and accessible government. <mask> took office on January 1, 1994. He won a second term in 1997, defeating seven challengers. In the landslide victory, <mask> received 14,081 votes. His nearest competitor, Republican Eileen Germain Teffenhart, received 5,782. Shortly after being sworn in as Mayor, Spadoro had the honor of hosting the visit of President Bill Clinton to Edison on February 16, 1994.The President had come to deliver an address to the American Association of Retired Persons in Edison. On March 23, <mask> led Edison and the regions response to Edison's most serious disaster—the Texas Eastern gas line explosion and fire at the Durham Woods Apartment Complex. He received national attention and was commended for his emergency response implementations and was also recorded banging on doors to help evacuate apartment residents in the nearby explosion. The explosion resulted in 1,500 residents were evacuated, 100 were residents were left homeless, 60 were injured and one died of a heart attack. After the disaster, he fought to improve pipeline safety conditions and had become a nationally recognized figure for pipeline safety reform nationwide. The mayor cited the township's reverse 911 system, a "state-of-the-art" emergency communications center, improved public safety equipment, and the civilian emergency response team (ECERT) as examples of measures taken to make the township safer. At the local level, budgets proposed by Mayor <mask> included a stabilized tax rate for Edison's almost 100,000 residents.His commitment to reduce the tax burden on local residents was also manifested in several major efforts to create a business-friendly environment in Edison, including the establishment of the Edison Economic Development Corporation. Other achievements include the establishment of the Edison Youth Service Corps. The Youth Service Corps features high school-age students who perform a wide range of community service activities in exchange for modest wages and college tuition assistance. Also among <mask>'s accomplishments as Mayor was the formation of a community-policing program. Under this program, law enforcement officers establish a closer bond with Edison residents and business establishments in an effort to better understand problems in the community and to stop crimes before they actually occur. Community Policing consisted of Edison's first Police Bike Patrol, Civilian Police Academy, and other programs to take a proactive approach to policing. <mask> ran for re-election for Mayor in November 1997 and 2001 and was chosen by the people to continue to serve at the helm of the 5th largest municipality in the state.He began his third term on January 1, 2002. The establishment of the Edison Arts Society marked a triumph for the Mayor, as he increased community awareness about the rich arts culture in Edison. The first Arts Summit, held in June 1998, included speaker Robert Pastorelli, an actor who has played 'Eldin' on Murphy Brown, and focused on the importance of the arts in Edison. Following the establishment of the Arts Society, a number of programs including the organization of the Edison Symphony Orchestra and an Annual High School Art Competition, Holiday Dance Extravaganza, Poetry readings, and Outreach Workshops in poetry, drama, and art. In 1999, the Mayor announced the implementation of a new Defibrillator program for Edison. By increasing the number of Defibrillators in town and by training personnel in the use of them, Mayor <mask> hoped to save lives. The program included training of police, fire, and municipal personnel as well as companies and citizens around Edison.He also introduced a police car take home program, reducing maintenance costs and increasing police visibility in the community. Following the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center, Spadoro, along with many other New York municipalities, authorized members of the Edison Police and Fire Department to provide emergency response support at ground zero, the site of the attack. Amongst Spadoro's post 9/11 efforts, he actively had the Edison Police Department work with the joint terrorism task force to help in anti terrorism efforts. Spadoro recognized that Edison, being one of the largest municipalities near New York City, was a target-rich environment, with such potential sites as warehouses, distribution centers, factories and chemical plants. He allocated $500,000/year in Edison's annual budget over five years for more police officers, training for first responders, new equipment to cope with terrorism, and the formation of a police intelligence unit. He participated in the coordinated network of intelligence gathering and emergency responses put together by the State and its counties. Also, among his post 9/11 efforts as mayor, he dealt with an anthrax attack at a city post-office and other safety concerns.On December 9, 2001, Ford had announced their plans to close their assembly plant which was expected to impact 1,700 employees. Spadoro played a role in attempts to prevent the massive layoff when he urged an "economic summit" with Ford officials, the United Auto Workers and members of McGreevey's administration. His attempts extended further with James McGreevey and their traveling to Michigan to meet with Ford Executives. After the attempts to prevent the factory closing, Spadoro made plans for redevelopment of the land that was anticipated to have a positive impact on the town of Edison . Mayor <mask> led an initiative to purchase and preserve several parcels of open space important to the environment. Mayor <mask> also explored the use of the seven miles of Raritan Riverfront, that wind through Edison, for recreational use and possible development. Also along the Raritan, the Mayor was actively pursuing the establishment of ferry service between Edison and lower Manhattan.<mask> continued his work with increasing senior citizen services by instilling programs such as one where senior citizens were introduced to the World Wide Web in a relaxed atmosphere at the Edison Senior Center and the creation of the Mr. Fix It service, which consisted of a free handyman service that provided a home safety inspection and common repair jobs. On August 4, 2002, Spadoro made efforts to restore the Thomas Edison Memorial Tower by hiring its first full-time employee who helped restore the tower and its museum. The newly hired employees title was museum director and his job included everything from painting the base of the tower to persuading famous people, such as President Gerald R. Ford and Walter Cronkite, to record their voices on a 1909-cylinder phonograph invented by Edison. During his tenure as Mayor, Spadoro served on the board of directors of Keep Middlesex Moving Inc., an organization dedicated to promoting transportation issues, opportunities, and alternatives in Middlesex County. He was also a member of the Garden State Games and the Environmental Management Hazardous Waste Institution. Seeking a fourth term, he was defeated in the 2005 Democratic mayoral primary by Jun Choi.Reasons cited for Spadoro's loss include a split in the local Democratic party, the loss of union support due to the approval of a Walmart retail store, and a large turnout of first-time Asian voters due to the New Jersey 101.5 radio controversy. New Jersey State Assemblyman After being elected in 1987, from 1988 to 1991 (two terms), he represented District 18 in the New Jersey General Assembly. He became Chairman of the State Assembly Transportation Authorities, Telecommunications, and Technology Committee. During his term as chairman, <mask> authored and was responsible for the passage of legislation that opened the door for the use of fiber optics. This legislation was hailed as marking the turning point in New Jersey's emergence as a leader in the telecommunications revolution. One of <mask>'s major accomplishments as Assemblyman was his sponsorship of the New Jersey Bias Crimes Act, which has become the primary vehicle for the prosecution of bias-related crimes in New Jersey. Through his leadership in the State Legislature, he authored and enacted New Jersey's strongest financial disclosure law which won him praise from many grassroots citizen organizations and government reform groups.The Director of New Jersey Common Cause, referred to <mask>'s legislation as "a real reform, not just cosmetic reform...a major milestone in reforming the way New Jersey State government operates." During his tenure in the Assembly, <mask> was also a member of the Insurance and Financial Institution Committee, the Veterans Committee, and the Special Committee on College Alcohol Abuse and Hazing in New Jersey. Edison Councilman <mask> served as an Edison Township Councilman for eight years between 1981 and 1988, serving as Council President from 1987 through 1988. Spadoro demonstrated an unending commitment to open government, the safety and security of Edison residents and senior citizens, and the preservation of the environment. His involvement with the shutting down and cleaning up of the Kin-Buc chemical waste landfill, a superfund site, extended through his political career into his days as Edison Mayor. Among his accomplishments as Councilman, Spadoro created Edison's Senior Citizen Housing Agency and sponsored the unique Senior Citizens' Set Aside Ordinance, which required developers of multiple-unit dwellings to designate 10% of the total number of units for low and moderate income senior citizens. He led the fight to halt the construction of two co-generation incinerators in Edison and voted to save the Dismal Swamp, a 1,240-acre wetland that serves as the largest natural area in northern Middlesex County.In 1988, he organized the Edison Township Waterfront Recreation Area Study to evaluate the merits of recreational development along miles of the raritan river in Edison. Legal career Spadoro began his legal career as an associate with a well known and top ranking Wall Street Law Firm, Sullivan & Cromwell. He also spent several years as Assistant General Counsel for a large telecommunications company called Teleprompter Corporation. Later, Spadoro became a senior partner in the law firm Spadoro & Hilson in Woodbridge Township, NJ and was well known and recognized in the Edison community as a leader and citizen activist. On January 1, 2008, Spadoro joined as Senior Member of CSG Law where he counsels senior executives in financing, commercial litigation and strategic planning. His primary areas of practice includes general corporate, commercial and business matters, family-business law, financial matters and mergers and acquisitions. He works with accountants and other tax experts to advise U.S. clients on their domestic legal structures.Spadoro also advises on international matters and has experience negotiating cross-border transactions. Current life In addition to maintaining a full-time legal practice, Spadoro now provides expert television commentary on legal matters as well as current state and national political issues through multiple media outlets. His wife is the Founder and CEO of Future Care Inc. His son, <mask>, works as a Political Director for U.S. Rep. Bonnie Watson Coleman and was featured in the Insider NJ 2018 Insider 100: Millennials. His Daughter, <mask>, is currently the President and Founder of CYB Human Resources LLC, a human resource management service company and CYBHR, an online HR company. His Daughter, <mask>, is a staff member at Pace University, a private University located in downtown Manhattan. References Living people 1948 births J. P. Stevens High School alumni Members of the New Jersey General Assembly Mayors of Edison, New Jersey New Jersey Democrats Politicians from Jersey City, New Jersey New Jersey lawyers University of California, Hastings College of the Law alumni University of Connecticut alumni

Mark Greaney (novelist)

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<mask> (born 1967) is an American novelist. He is best known as Tom Clancy's collaborator on his final books during his lifetime, and for continuing the Jack Ryan character and the Tom Clancy universe following Clancy's death in 2013. He is also known for the "Gray Man" series of novels, which will be produced by Netflix into a feature film. Early life and family Born in Memphis, Tennessee, he is the son of <mask>, a presence at WMC-TV Memphis for over 50 years and the namesake for the station's current newsroom. Greaney has degrees in political science and international relations, which would later play a major part in his writing career. <mask> continues to reside in Memphis, Tennessee with his wife Allison. Writing career The Gray Man Greaney previously worked as a waiter and bartender for ten years, then later in a surgical technology company, while working on two novels in his spare time.After finishing one of them, titled Goon Squad and was primarily about the aftermath of the Bosnian civil war, he gave the first 20 pages of his work to his favorite author Ralph Peters's agent, Scott Miller, in a book conference in September 2006. Miller liked the book but later did not go forward with it, saying that "it was unmarketable," according to <mask>. But he urged <mask> to write another one based from a character in Goon Squad named Court Gentry, which would later be The Gray Man. After finishing this novel, Miller agreed to represent him, and later found a publisher, Jove Books. The national success of The Gray Man made <mask> quit his job in the medical devices company and make the transition to becoming a full-time writer. He was later given a three-book deal by his publisher in 2009. In addition, The Gray Man's success spawned an equally successful series, with eight more sequels as of 2021: On Target (2010), Ballistic (2011), Dead Eye (2013), Back Blast (2016), Gunmetal Gray (2017), Agent in Place (2018), Mission Critical (2019), One Minute Out (2020), and Relentless (2021).The film adaptation of The Gray Man is set to be directed by Joe and Anthony Russo for Netflix, with Ryan Gosling to star as Gentry and Chris Evans as nemesis Lloyd. Working with Tom Clancy <mask> has been a fan of Tom Clancy for years and has read all of his books, beginning with Patriot Games. So when Clancy was looking for a new co-author, <mask> found out that his editor at Berkley Books, Tom Colgan was also Clancy's editor at G. P. Putnam's Sons. His editor later referred to his agent, who asked Greaney to be Clancy's co-author. Commenting on the experience, Greaney recalled: "I wish I could say I was excited, but the truth is, I was terrified. After I caught my breath, I offered to 'try out' because there were some other authors also in the running. I wrote twenty-five pages, handed them in and soon thereafter, I was in Baltimore meeting with Tom Clancy."They later collaborated on Clancy's last three novels before his death in October 2013: Locked On (2012), Threat Vector (2013), and Command Authority (2013). After Clancy's death, with the backing of his family and estate, <mask> continued the Jack Ryan and The Campus Universe left behind by Clancy, and has written four more novels as of 2016: Tom Clancy: Support and Defend (2014), Tom Clancy: Full Force and Effect (2014), Tom Clancy: Commander in Chief (2015) and Tom Clancy: True Faith and Allegiance (2016). Regarding the publisher's decision to feature Clancy's name at the top in massive letters and having his name in smaller letters for the covers of the post-Clancy novels, <mask> commented: "It really feels like a humongous honor to do it. I get pretty good billing. The Tom Clancy name is one thing you can put on your book that will make it stand out from across the room". On 19 February 2017, <mask> announced that he will exit the Jack Ryan Universe franchise. Replacing <mask> will be novelist Marc Cameron, previously known for his Jericho Quinn series of thrillers.<mask> later said of his departure from the Jack Ryan universe: Other works <mask>'s first standalone work, a military thriller titled Red Metal and co-authored with Lieutenant Colonel H. Ripley Rawlings IV, USMC, was released on 16 July 2019. The novel debuted on the New York Times Bestseller list in August 2019. This was the first time <mask> appeared in the NYT Bestseller's list twice in the same calendar year. The book is notable for its comparisons to Clancy's novel Red Storm Rising (1986), which is also his first standalone novel that deals with a large scale military conflict between NATO and Russia. In 2020, <mask> and Rawlings both announced via social media and web interviews that they had been contracted by Penguin Publishers to write the next in the Red Metal series. The release date was unspecified but was said to be sometime in 2021. <mask>'s audiobook thriller Armored, will be released on December 9, 2021, and will be adapted by Sony Pictures and producer Michael Bay.Bibliography The Gray Man series The Gray Man (2009) On Target (2010) Ballistic (2011) Dead Eye (2013) Back Blast (2016) Gunmetal Gray (2017) Agent in Place (2018) Mission Critical (2019) One Minute Out (2020) Relentless (2021) Sierra Six (2022) Burner (2023) Jack Ryan series Featuring characters created by Tom Clancy Locked On – with Tom Clancy (2011) Threat Vector – with Tom Clancy (2012) Command Authority – with Tom Clancy (2013) Tom Clancy: Support and Defend (2014) Tom Clancy: Full Force and Effect (2014) Tom Clancy: Commander in Chief (2015) Tom Clancy: True Faith and Allegiance (2016) Standalone novels Red Metal (with Lieutenant Colonel H. Ripley Rawlings IV) (2019) Unnamed sequel (with Lieutenant Colonel H. Ripley Rawlings IV) (2021) References External links Mark Greaney Books Audio Interview with <mask> Talking about "True Faith and Allegiance", 6 December 2016 Modern Signed Books BlogTalkRadio Interview with <mask> Talking about "Gun Metal Gray", 28 March 2017 21st-century American novelists American male novelists Living people 21st-century American male writers 1967 births 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American male writers

Ivan Božičević

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<mask> (born 27 May 1961 in Belgrade, Serbia) is a Croatian composer, pianist, organist and jazz musician. Biography <mask> was born in Belgrade. After initial piano studies, he joined the composition class of A. Obradović at the Belgrade Faculty of Music. He graduated in 1984, earning a master's degree in 1989. Until 2001 he occupied a teaching post for Harmony, Counterpoint and Analysis there and at the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad. In December 2001 he moved to Split, Croatia, where he started working as a free-lance artist. As of 2018, <mask> leads the newly formed composition class at the Split Academy of Arts.From 1984 to 1988 he studied organ at the Hochschule für Musik in Frankfurt with the renowned professor Edgar Krapp. His work encompasses a broad repertoire, with special emphasis on baroque and modern music. Specializes early organ music in Salamanca (with Guy Bovet and Montserrat Torrent). Gives many successful concerts in Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. His creative output encompasses three symphonies, orchestral, chamber, choir and soloistic works, as well as electronic compositions and jazz music. He received numerous composition awards, and his works are frequently played on radio, TV and concerts (performances in Croatia, Germany, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States). After moving to Split, he widens his music activity to include organ and piano playing, composing, arranging and theatre music.His collaborations include top Croatian jazz and pop musicians (Dražen Bogdanović, Tedi Spalato, Hari Rončević) as well as Dalmatian klapa ensembles («Cambi»). <mask> runs a jazz-band called SplitMinders, whose repertoire is based on originals and arrangements of dalmatian folk songs. He also works with the fusion band "Waveform" and various other jazz, blues and bossa-nova formations. <mask> is a founding member of the Split society for contemporary music ("Splithesis", 2008). As of 2018, he leads a newly-formed composition class at the Academy of Arts in Split. Awards and recognitions Awards that <mask> has received for his compositions include: Stevan Hristić Award, Silver Medal of the Belgrade University of Arts (Serbia); Mandolina Imota, Cro Patria Golden Cathedral, Hrvatski sabor kulture (Croatia); CEC Artslink Fellowship Award, Garth Newel Award, Aliénor Award, AGO/ECS Publishing Award, AGO/Marilyn Mason Award, Random Access Music Award, (United States); Anton Stadler Award, John Clare Award (United Kingdom); Prague Philharmonic Choir Composition Award (Czech Republic); Premio Cristobal Halffter (Spain); Trio Anima Mundi Prize (Australia). Selection of works Symphony orchestra: Music for big orchestra (1983) Essercizi sinfonici (1986) Five haiku after Bashô (1989) Chamber ensembles: Sonata (1981) for violin and piano Three ‘female’ songs (1981) for soprano voice and piano Pathways (1982) for string quartet Rivers, like in a dream (1983) for bass-clarinet and organ Play E.S.

Ros Schwartz

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<mask> is an English literary translator, who translates Francophone literature into English. In 2009 she was awarded the Chevalier d’Honneur dans l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for her services to French literature. Career Alongside literary translation, <mask> has served on the boards and committees of various literary and translation organisations: Vice-Chair of the Translators Association; Chair of the European Council of Literary Translators Associations (CEATL) from 2000 to 2009; Chair of the Advisory Panel to the British Centre for Literary Translation (BCLT) from 2005 to 2009; and Chair of English PEN's Writers in Translation Programme from 2010 to 2014. She has worked to develop literary translation as a profession by supporting young translators, initiating mentoring schemes, summer schools (e.g. Translate in the City, first at Birkbeck College, then at City University London), workshops and masterclasses (e.g. at Goldsmiths College, the University of Middlesex, Universities of Westminster, East Anglia, Bath, Warwick, Leicester, Glasgow and Manchester). <mask> has also written about literary translation: see, for example, "A Dialogue: On a Translator's Interventions", by <mask> and Nicholas de Lange, in Susan Bassnett and Peter Bush (eds), The Translator as Writer (Continuum, London and New York, 2006), and articles published in The Linguist, the ATA Bulletin, The ITI Bulletin, Context (nos 20, 21, 21 - Dalkey Archive Press), and the British Council literary translation website.She is a regular contributor to In Other Words, the journal of the Translators Association and the British Centre for Literary Translation. She was also a consultant on the revised Robert and Collins French-English/English-French Dictionary; a judge for the Larousse "Grand Prix de la Traduction", Paris, 1995; and a judge for the Aurora Borealis Prize of the Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs 1999. She recently produced new translations of classic favourites, such as Le Petit Prince and has been part of the international team re-translating the novels of Georges Simenon into English. (1) Dairy Dates Lou! (2) Summertime Blues Lou! (3) Down in the Dump Lou! (4) Romances Lou!(5) Laser Ninja Translations: poetry Metropolitain, Arthur Rimbaud (with Anthony Rudolf) in All that Mighty Heart, London Poems, ed. Lisa Russ Spaar (University of Virginia Press, 2008) Translations: non-fiction Holy Virility, Emmanuel Raynaud (Pluto Press, 1982) – Sociology/history I Didn’t Say Goodbye, Claudine Vegh (Caliban Books 1984; E. P. Dutton, USA, 1985) – Interviews with Holocaust survivors Cuisine Extraordinaire (Conran Octopus and Mcgraw Hill, April 1988) The Reformation, ed. (Hurst & Co., 2007) The Politics of Chaos in the Middle East, Olivier Roy (Hurst and Co. 2008) Beckett before Beckett (Souvenir Press, 2008) Holy Ignorance, Olivier Roy (Hurst & Co., 2010) Russie, l’Envers du Pouvoir, Marie Mendras (Hurst, 2012) The Crime of Jean Genet, Dominique Eddé (Seagull Press, 2016) Translation as Transhumance, Mireille Gansel – winner of a February 2016 French Voices Award Selfies, Sylvie Weil (Les Fugitives 2019) Edward Said: His Thought as a Novel, Dominique Eddé, Verso, 2019 External links Profile on WorldCat Profile at English PEN Writers in Translation Profile on Words Without Borders <mask> <mask> and her authors <mask> <mask> on YouTube References French–English translators Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Literary translators British speculative fiction translators Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

J. T. Rogers

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J. T<mask> is a multiple-award-winning, internationally recognized American playwright who lives in New York. <mask> has written several plays including Oslo, Blood and Gifts, The Overwhelming, White People, and Madagascar. In 2017, <mask>' Oslo won the Tony Award for Best Play, the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play, the Obie Award for Best New American Theatre Work, the Lucille Lortel Award for Best Play, the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding New Broadway Play, and the Drama League Award for Outstanding Production of a Play,. <mask>' work has been staged at theaters including London's Royal National Theatre, New York's Lincoln Center Theater and Roundabout Theater, and Australia's Melbourne Theatre Company. <mask> is now writing for television, including the upcoming HBO Max television series Tokyo Vice, starring Ansel Elgort and Ken Watanabe and produced by Endeavor Content and HBO Max. <mask> has also written for film, including a filmed version of his Tony Award-winning Oslo for HBO, directed by Bartlett Sher and executive produced by Steven Spielberg. Education <mask> attended Rock Bridge High School in Columbia, Missouri, and graduated from the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in 1990, where he studied acting.He also received an honorary doctorate from UNCSA in 2009. <mask> serves on the board of the Dramatists Legal Defense Fund. Career <mask> has indicated that his playwriting interests include: "stories... framed against great political rupture... [about people] who struggle with, and against... [unfolding] world events — and who are [permanently changed] through that struggle." <mask> is known for plays that deal with what he called "theater that engages the public realm" in his much-discussed Laura Pels Keynote address to the New York theater community in 2008. The speech was published as an essay in American Theatre magazine called "Writing Without Borders". His play The Overwhelming, in which an American family who arrive in Kigali, Rwanda, in early 1994, must confront life-and-death realities of the Rwandan genocide, had its world premiere at the Cottesloe Theatre, Royal National Theatre, London, in association with Out of Joint, in May 2006. It then toured throughout the UK and was performed on BBC radio.Its American premiere was at the Roundabout Theatre in September 2007. For the play, <mask> received the Otis Guernsey New Voices Playwriting Award at the 2007 William Inge Theatre Festival in Independence, Kansas. The Overwhelming has since been done throughout the world, selected as a Top 10 Play of the Year by Time Magazine, Time Out New York and the Chicago Tribune, and nominated for Best Play of the Year by London's South Bank Show and Boston's Elliot Norton Awards. In 2009, <mask> was the sole American playwright along with 11 British authors to create The Great Game: Afghanistan for the Tricycle Theatre, London. The cycle of plays was a sensation, garnering an Olivier nomination for all involved. <mask> wrote the full-length play Blood and Gifts, which debuted at the Lyttelton Theatre, Royal National Theatre, London, in September 2010, starring Lloyd Owen with direction by Howard Davies. The play premiered in the US Off-Broadway in October 2011 at the Lincoln Center Newhouse Theater, directed by Bartlett Sher.Charles Isherwood, in his review in The New York Times, wrote that the play was "superb", with a "first rate production...the characters...really seem to be living in this turbulent history..." The reviewer for The Guardian, Michael Billington, criticised the writer's "advantage of hindsight which lends much of the action a self-conscious irony" but otherwise praised him for a "complex, demanding play." The play was nominated for the 2012 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Play and Outstanding Lead Actor, <mask>s and the 2012 Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding New Off-Broadway Play and Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play, <mask>s. J. T<mask>' play Madagascar is set in a hotel room overlooking the Spanish Steps in Rome. It is about a mysterious disappearance that haunts the life of the play's three characters. It was commissioned by and had its world premiere at the Salt Lake Acting Company in November 2004. The play received the American Theatre Critics Association's 2004 M. Elizabeth Osborn Award and the 2005 Pinter Review Prize for Drama, which included its first publication by the University of Tampa Press and a related public dramatic reading. It was also a finalist for the ATCA's Steinberg New Play Award and performed at the Summer Play Festival in New York City in July 2005.The play had its Australian premiere at the Melbourne Theatre Company in February 2010, directed by Sam Strong.<ref>Broadbent, Penelope. "Madagascar] australianstage.com.au, February 19, 2010</ref> The play had its European debut at London's Theatre 503 in May 2010, directed by <mask> and featuring Sorcha Cusack, Barry Stanton and Miranda Foster. <mask>'s other plays include White People, which had its world première at the Philadelphia Theatre Company and then received the L.A. Drama Critics Circle and John Barrymore Award nominations for "Best Play of the Year". The revised play was produced by Starry Night Entertainment Off-Broadway in 2009, and has been seen at the English Theatre of Berlin. The play was seen in repertory with Madagascar at the Road Theatre in Los Angeles in 2010. His Seeing the Elephant was nominated for the Joseph Kesselring Prize for "Best New American Play", and his play Murmuring in a Dead Tongue was produced by Epic Rep, in New York City, where he is a company member, in its 2003–2004 season.In 2008, it was mounted as part of the inaugural DC Theater Alliance. His works have been staged in the United States at Lincoln Center Theater, Roundabout Theater Company, in London at the Royal National Theatre and on London's West End, and across the world, including: Israel, Australia, South Korea, Germany, Norway, and Canada. <mask>'s plays are published by TCG Books and Nick Hern, and Dramatists Play Service in acting editions. His essays have appeared in The New York Times, The Guardian, New Statesman, and American Theatre. <mask> has given speeches at London's JW3, in New York City at the Sayers & Doers and House of Speakeasy speakers series; and at Claremont McKenna College in Los Angeles. He has taught master classes at Yale University, Carnegie-Mellon University, New York University, and the University of North Carolina School of the Arts. <mask>' 2016 political drama Oslo became his most successful work to date, including a highly acclaimed Broadway run.Oslo premiered Off-Broadway at the Lincoln Center Newhouse Theatre to nearly universal acclaim. Oslo transferred to the Lincoln Center Beaumont Theatre, a Broadway house, where it opened on April 13, 2017. Of the larger Broadway production, Ben Brantley of the New York Times wrote that "J. T<mask>'s Oslo, an against-the-odds story of international peacemaking, is undeniably a big play, as expansive and ambitious as any in recent Broadway history. So it is particularly gratifying to announce that it has been allowed to stretch to its full height in the thrilling production that opened on Thursday night, directed with a master's hand by Bartlett Sher." Oslo's cast features <mask> and <mask>, who also appeared in the Off-Broadway production. The Broadway production won seven awards for Best New Play, including the prestigious 2017 Tony Award for Best New Play. After Broadway, Oslo transferred to London for a September 2017 run at the Royal National Theater, followed by a three-month transfer to the Harold Pinter Theatre in London's West End.Oslo currently enjoys a healthy career in repertory theater, having played in 2018 at Barrette Center for the Arts in White River Junction, Vermont; at the ACT Theater in Seattle, Washington (October and November 2018).<mask> was selected as one of ten playwrights in the United States to receive a NEA/TCG Theatre Residency for 2004–2005, through which he was playwright in residence at the Salt Lake Acting Company (Salt Lake City). In 2004 and 2008, <mask> was awarded playwriting fellowships from the New York Foundation for the Arts. His plays are published by Faber and Faber in the US and UK and in acting editions in the US through Dramatists Play Service and Playscripts. <mask> is a member of the Dramatists Guild and a resident playwright at New Dramatists. In 2012, he won a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship for his work. Plays Oslo (2016) Blood and Gifts (2011) The Overwhelming (2004) Madagascar (2004) Murmuring in a Dead Tongue (1998; 2003) Seeing the Elephant White People Above the Beasts Bob Comes to Life Frankfurt Penetrating Malaysia Guy Talk Lionel's Blue Chicks 'N Beer The Saddest LinesFilm <mask> wrote the screenplay for a filmed version of his Tony Award-winning play Oslo. The film starred Ruth Wilson and Andrew Scott and was directed by Tony-winner Bartlett Sher, who helmed the Broadway play.Steven Spielberg and Marc Platt served as executive producers alongside <mask>, Sher, and Cambra Overend. It is a production of HBO and Endeavor Content. Television <mask> is currently writing a television series of the drama Tokyo Vice, based on the non-fiction book by <mask>. The ten-part series is being produced for HBO Max and stars Ansel Elgort, playing Adelstein, an American journalist who embeds himself into the Tokyo Vice police squad to reveal corruption. The first episode is being directed by Michael Mann. The series will also feature Ken Watanabe, Odessa Young, and Ella Rumpf. It will chronicle <mask>'s daily descent into the underbelly of Tokyo, where nothing and no one is what or who they seem.<mask> is currently writing a TV series for Netflix. See also Rwandan genocide Bibliography of the Rwandan Genocide References External links J.T. Rogers Official Website. March 2017. American Theatre Critics Association press release. Online posting. 11 Feb. 2005.Play Penn Press Release. 29 June 2006. The Overwhelming, by J. T<mask>. Production information. Online posting. The Overwhelming (Out of Joint) produced in association with the Royal National Theatre. World première, London.May 2006. <mask>, J. T. Madagascar''. Tampa: U of Tampa Press, 2005. [http://www.new-theatre.org/rogers.php New Theatre (Florida) press release Dramatists Play Service Company website "White People" Official Website New Dramatists Playwright Profile J. T<mask> - Laura Pels Keynote Address The Independent - Ideas America Won't Entertain J. T. <mask> - Studio 180 Essay on Rwandan Genocide The Overwhelming - The New Statesmen (London) 1968 births University of North Carolina School of the Arts alumni Works about the Rwandan genocide 21st-century American dramatists and playwrights Living people Writers from Columbia, Missouri Rock Bridge High School alumni Truman State University people American male dramatists and playwrights 21st-century American male writers 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights

Luca Pignatelli

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<mask> (born 22 June 1962) is an Italian artist. Biography <mask> was born in 1962 in Milan, where he currently lives and works in a home studio, self- designed based on a pre-existing industrial building. His work focuses on a constant process of gathering, recovery and elaboration of history and art. He combines and reworks a wide iconographic archive of universal images, both abstract and figurative, from antique and contemporary scenes, which the art critic Achille Bonito Oliva defined “Theatre of memory”. Since the beginning of his artistic career, in 1987, <mask> has painted his now famous Roman and Greek statues, classical heads of Aphrodite and Diana, mythological figures of gods, heroes and emperors, besides skylines of New York skyscrapers, Renaissances squares, Alpine landscapes and icons of modernity such as Second-World-War airplanes, ocean-liners and steam trains. <mask>’s artistic journey is underpinned by his own fascination and exploration of archaeology and mythology. (…) From the faces of Attic statues to a Sixties Ferrari (…) <mask> could have been a film-maker, but he is an artist of material things”.<mask> is also renowned for his research and use of railway wagon tarpaulins, woods, papers, metals and rugs: diverse and recovered materials which he reworks through tears, cuts and stitchings. Since the Eighties he has become firmly established and his work has been exhibited in Italy and internationally, hosted by prestigious museums, showcasing impressive large-scale paintings and site-specific installations. Among his exhibitions we cite: in 2009, his solo show “Atlantis” at Musée d’Art Modern et Contemporain in Nice and the participation to the Italian Pavilion at the 53rd Venice Biennale. In 2011, his works was exhibited in Rome at the National Institute for Graphic Art. In 2014 the Capodimonte Museum in Naples hosted his show titled “<mask>natelli”, resulting in the donation of the large-scale painting Pompei to the permanent contemporary art collection of the museum. The Uffizi Gallery in Florence hosted “Migrants” in the Vasari Corridor in 2015. Most recently, after John Currin’s and Glenn Brown’s monographic retrospectives, Bardini Museum in Florence hosted “Senza Data”, a breakthrough exhibition specifically conceived for the halls of the museum.Through the decades the artist has received a wide recognition from the art world and respected critics have written about his artworks, including Donald Kuspit, Achille Bonito Oliva, Sergio Risaliti, Carlo Arturo Quintavalle, Marina Fokidis. Work <mask>'s imagination feeds on antiquities, nature, and the connection between the concepts of Time and History. While his first production conveyed the perception of a looming menace, of the quiet moment announcing a disaster, his later work is often characterized by a sense of universality and a more complex historical reflection. The City and the History of Art represent for the artist a sort of permanent setting to human events, but nonetheless a dimension where Pignatelli engages his artistic research, operating analogies as well as modifications. The artist is driven to visit warehouses, storage areas, military depots and large building sites, towards which he has always harbored an attraction and curiosity. He is fascinated by the anonymous architectures of port cities, with their construction sites and movement of goods; by the works of Vignola, Loos and Mies van der Rohe, encountered during his travels across European cities; by Milan, his native city and place of choice; and with New York, where he sojourned for long periods since 1986. Exhibitions Solo exhibitions "In un luogo dove gli opposti stanno", a cura di Sergio Risaliti.Galleria Poggiali, Firenze (2019); <mask>, Villa La Versiliana, Marina di Pietrasanta (2019); "MuseOgrafica", Stamperia d'Arte Albicocco, Udine (2019); Senza Data, Stefano Bardini Museum, Florence (2019); <mask> – Persepoli. Riflessi del residuo. La Fenice Theatre, Venice (2017); <mask> – Giorgio Conti Foundation (Cucchiari Palace), Carrara (2017); <mask> – Blue Note/Works on paper, GAM Galleria civica d’arte moderna e contemporanea, Turin (2015); <mask> – Migranti, Uffizi Gallery, Florence (2015); <mask>lli – Capodimonte Museum, Naples (2014); <mask> – Off Paper, M77 Gallery, Milan (2014); <mask> – Icons Unplugged, National Institute for Graphic Art, Rome (2011); <mask> – Sculture/Analogie, Poggiali e Forconi Gallery, Florence (2010); <mask> – Atlantis, MAMAC, Musée d’Art Moderne et d’Art Contemporain, Nice (2009); <mask> – National Archeological Museum, Naples (2008); <mask> – Paintings, India Theatre, Rome (2007); Collective exhibitions "Scenes of New York City: The Elie and Sarah Hirschfeld Collection", New York Historical Society Museum, New York (2021); "REVOLUTIONS 1989-2019. L'arte del mondo nuovo 30 anni dopo", Castel Sismondo, Rimini (2019); "L'immagine è necessaria", Stamperia d'arte Albicocco, Udine (2019); Porti Possibili. Sei artisti per l'accoglienza - Santa Giulia Museum, Brescia (2019); Ascoltare bellezza, Biblioteca Classense - Sala del mosaico, Ravenna (2018); WORK IN PROGRESS. San Patrignano, la collezione, La Triennale di Milano, Milano (2018); Mediterraneo lo specchio dell'altro, Palazzo Reale, Milano (2018); Arte contro la corruzione, Casa Testori Associazione Culturale, Novate Milanese (2017); Imago Mundi - Contemporary Artist from Italy at Cini Foundation in Venice e Sandretto Re Rebaudengo in Turin (2015); Fuoco nero – Materia e struttura dopo Burri, Palazzo della Pilotta, Parma (2014); Ri-conoscere Michelangelo, Galleria dell’Accademia, Florence (2014); The Jerusalem Foundation – Coexistence, Musei MAXXI, Rome (2010); Opere scelte, MACRO Museum, Rome (2007); 50° International Art exhibition, Venice Biennal, Mostre Extra 50 (2003); Sui Generis, PAC – Contemporary Art Pavilion, Milan (2000); Tokyo Travelling Exhibition, International Forum, Tokyo (1997); XII Quadriennale, Roma (1996); Museums and Collections Luca Pignatelli's works are included in the following permanent collections: Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples, features Pompei (2014) in its collection dedicated to contemporary art. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence,  features Autoritratto come Mitridate (2014-2015) among its selection of artists’ self-portraits.CSAC – Centro Studi e Archivi della Comunicazione dell’Università di Parma, Parma, houses Lotta (2014). GAM – Galleria civica d’Arte Moderna e contemporanea, Turin, houses seven paper works from the series Standard (2000-2015). PART – Palazzi dell’Arte di Rimini, Rimini, holds Astratto (2015) and Persepoli (2017) as part of the Fondazione San Patrignano Collection. New–York Historical Society, New York, houses two artworks from the series New York, as part of Elie and Sarah Hirschfeld’s Collection. Other projects <mask> is often invited to participate in conferences and debates about art and architecture in universities and institutions. Some of his latest lectures include: Galleria M77, Milan, May 2017, "The idea of a sustainable revolution". Speakers: <mask>, <mask>, Michele Bonuomo.Politecnico di Milano, January 2015, "Distruction of Construction". Speaker: <mask>. Naples' Academy of Fine Arts, May 2014, "The sense of classical in contemporary art". Speaker: <mask>. Bibliography <mask>. Senza Data. Catalogue of the exhibition curated by Sergio Risaliti (Stefano Bardini Museum, Florence, january 25 - march 25, 2019), Florence, Forma Edizioni, 2019.<mask>, Migranti. Catalogue of the exhibition curated by Antonio Natali, Arturo Carlo Quintavalle, Uffizi Gallery, Florence, 2015. Arturo Carlo Quintavalle, Fuoco Nero – Materia e struttura attorno e dopo Burri, Palazzo della Pilotta, Parma, Skira, 2014. Achille Bonito Oliva, Michele Bonuomo, Angela Tecce, Fabrizio Vona, <mask>, Catalogue of the exhibition at Museo di Capodimonte, Napoli, Arte’m Editore, Napoli, 2014. <mask>, Marina Fokidis, Maria Antonella Fusco, Antonella Renzitti, Salvatore Veca, Icons Unplugged, Istituto Nazionale per la Grafica, Roma, Allemandi Editore, Torino, 2011. Marina Fokidis, <mask> – Sculture/Analogie, Galleria Poggiali e Forconi, Firenze, Arnoldo Mosca Mondadori Editore Milano, 2010. Achille Bonito Oliva, <mask>, Catalogue of the exhibition at the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, Electa, 2007.Achille Bonito Oliva, <mask> – Paintings , Charta, Milano, 2007. Donald Kuspit, <mask> – Between Reverie and Dream, The Focus Group, New York, 2000. References 1962 births Living people Italian male artists Italian contemporary artists

Halsey Hall

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<mask> (May 23, 1898 – December 30, 1977) was a sports reporter and announcer in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area from 1919 until the 1970s. Early life <mask> was born in New York City's Greenwich Village on May 23, 1898. His parents initially named him <mask>, but subsequently renamed him "<mask>" after his paternal grandfather, <mask>. W<mask>. <mask> was the son of Smith B<mask>, a prominent Minneapolis newspaperman, and the New York stage actress <mask>. His great-uncle, Harlan P<mask>, founded the St. Paul Dispatch, which later merged with the St. Paul Pioneer Press. <mask>'s parents divorced when he was a small child and he was raised by his father's family in Minnesota.He spent his early years in the Ramsey Hill neighborhood of St. Paul. When he was eight, the family moved to Portland Avenue in Minneapolis. In June 1916, <mask> graduated from Central High School in Minneapolis. After briefly attending the University of Minnesota, he joined the United States Navy during World War I. He spent his time in the service as a recruiter in Duluth, Minnesota. Sports writing career After his discharge from the Navy, <mask> followed in the footsteps of his father and great-uncle and became a newspaper journalist. He began his career as a sports reporter for the Minneapolis Tribune in September 1919.He moved to the St. Paul Pioneer Press in 1922 and then in 1926 he took a position as a sportswriter for the Minneapolis Journal. <mask> developed a large readership for his sports writing, especially his baseball writing. In 1927 he became the Minneapolis Journal'''s baseball beat writer covering the Minneapolis Millers, a AAA minor league baseball club. Although the Twin Cities did not have a Major League Baseball team until the Twins arrived in 1961, <mask> covered the World Series for the Minneapolis Journal in the 1920s and 1930s. <mask> witnessed Babe Ruth's famous "called shot" home run at Wrigley Field during Game 3 of the 1932 World Series between the New York Yankees and the Chicago Cubs. In 1934 <mask> received one of the great honors of his career when he was elected president of the American Association of Baseball Writers. <mask>'s tenure at the Minneapolis Journal ended in 1939 when the newspaper was purchased by John Cowles, Sr. After acquiring the Journal, Cowles merged it with the Minneapolis Star, thus creating the Minneapolis Star-Journal.Cowles would rename the newspaper the Minneapolis Star in 1947. <mask> nevertheless remained a prominent and featured sports writer under the new ownership. In 1941 Cowles purchased the Minneapolis Tribune. With the Star and Tribune both owned by the Cowles family, <mask> wrote a sports column for both newspapers until 1960. He gave up his Star and Tribune sports columns to become the full-time television and radio broadcaster of the Minnesota Twins. Sports broadcasting career In the spring of 1934 <mask> became the radio broadcaster of the Minneapolis Millers.Thornley, Holy Cow!, p. 66 <mask> announced Millers games for the next 27 years. During home games, he called the radio play-by-play from the press box at Nicollet Park, the team's home stadium.Like most radio broadcasters of the day, he did not travel with the team. Instead, he announced the Millers road games from WCCO's Minneapolis studio, reading the Western Union wire account of the game into a radio microphone.Thornley, Holy Cow!, p. 67 But <mask>'s impassioned description of events gave listeners the impression he was watching the game in person. In the fall of 1934 <mask> became the radio broadcaster of the Minnesota Gophers football team. Over the years <mask> announced the games on KSTP radio, WCCO, and WLOL.Thornley, Holy Cow!, p. 70 He also hosted a Sunday morning radio show with Gopher Football Coach Bernie Bierman. <mask> broadcast Gopher football games for nearly 40 years, retiring after the 1973 season. Although <mask> continued to write for the Minneapolis Tribune and the Minneapolis Star, radio broadcasting became his principal focus by the 1950s. Sid Hartman, a legendary Minnesota sports writer, served as <mask>'s sports editor at the Tribune.Although Hartman and <mask> were close friends, Hartman did not like supervising <mask>. "Deadlines did not mean a thing to <mask>," Hartman recalled years later. In the 1940s and 1950s, <mask> served as the sports anchor for the 10 p.m. news on WCCO radio alongside the news anchor, Cedric Adams. The Adams–Hall news program was exceptionally popular, commanding 70% of the radio audience in the state. According to Sid Hartman, "Airplane pilots would report that, flying over the Minnesota prairie, they could tell when it was 10:30 P.M. That was when the 'CCO news was over and the lights in all the farm houses would go out." When the Washington Senators moved to Bloomington and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961, <mask> was a member of the original WCCO radio broadcast team and WTCN television broadcast team along with Ray Scott and Bob Wolff. When Wolff left in 1962 to cover NBC's national baseball game of the week, Herb Carneal joined the Hall and Scott broadcast team.When Scott left to become the lead NFL announcer for CBS television, Merle Harmon joined the Hall–Carneal broadcast team. Unlike his radio career with the Millers, <mask> broadcast in person Twins road games as well as home games at Metropolitan Stadium. He reveled both in announcing Twins games and in traveling with the team across the country. As Sid Hartman put it, "<mask> was in heaven. He loved baseball, he loved the radio, and he loved the fact he was able to drink for free on the road." A cigar smoker, <mask> accidentally set his sport coat on fire during a 1968 Twins broadcast at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Jerry Zimmerman, the Twins catcher, said afterwards, "<mask>'s the only man I know who can turn a sports coat into a blazer."<mask> retired from Twins broadcasts after the 1972 season. Family In 1922 <mask> married Sula Bornman in London, Wisconsin. Sula's brother, a Moravian minister, presided at the wedding ceremony. The daughter of German immigrants, Sula grew up in Pennsylvania. Her father died when she was four, and her mother died when she was 13. Upon her mother's death, Sula moved to North Dakota to live with her sister, Katie Marcks. A graduate of Fargo High School and Moorhead Normal School, Sula was a school teacher.She met <mask> in Duluth when she was teaching at Fairmount Elementary School and he was a Navy recruiter. After their marriage, <mask> and Sula lived in the same house on Ramona Avenue (later renamed Alabama Avenue) in St. Louis Park for 55 years, until <mask> <mask>'s death. They had a daughter, Suzanne "Sue" Eugenia <mask>, who was born in 1928.Thornley, Holy Cow!, p. 193 <mask> married William "Bill" Charles Kennedy in 1949 at Hennepin Avenue United Methodist Church in Minneapolis. Sue and Bill Kennedy had three children—<mask> Kennedy, Kathryn Sula Kennedy, and Cynthia Eugenia Kennedy—and raised their family on Sunnyside Road in Edina, not far from <mask> and Sula's home. Catch phrases <mask> <mask> originated the huzzah "Holy cow!" as a home run exclamation on WCCO radio long before Harry Caray and Phil Rizzuto used it.Thornley, Holy Cow!, pp. 7–8 <mask> also originated the practice of adding "Golden" before "Gophers" when describing the University of Minnesota's football and basketball teams.<mask> was inspired by the golden uniforms the Gopher football team adopted under Coach Bernie Bierman in the 1930s. Golden Gophers is now the official name of the University's athletic teams. Death and legacy <mask> <mask> died of a heart attack at his home on December 30, 1977. He was buried at Fort Snelling National Cemetery. After his death, he was voted the most popular Minnesota sportscaster of the 1970s. As his biographer Stew Thornley explained, "Halsey Hall was an institution" for Minnesota sports fans. In the words of Minnesota Twins Hall of Famer Harmon Killebrew, <mask> <mask> "was the most unforgettable man I ever knew."<mask> was inducted into the Minnesota Sports Hall of Fame in 1989. In 2001 he was inducted into the Minnesota Broadcasting Hall of Fame. The Minnesota chapter of the Society for American Baseball Research is named after <mask> <mask>. Twenty years after <mask>'s death, Sid Hartman observed that "<mask> Hall was the most beloved character this area has ever had." References Further reading Sid Hartman, Sid! The Sports Legends, the Inside Scoops, and the Close Personal Friends. Stillwater, Minnesota: Voyageur Press, 1997.Don Swenson, Something in the Water. St. Louis Park, Minnesota: St. Louis Park Historical Society, 2001. Stew Thornley, Holy Cow! The Life and Times of Halsey Hall. Minneapolis: Nodin Press, 1991. Stew Thornley, On to Nicollet: The Glory and Fame of the Minneapolis Millers. Minneapolis: Nodin Press, 1988.Stew Thornley, Baseball in Minnesota: The Definitive History. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2006. 1898 births 1977 deaths American sportswriters Major League Baseball broadcasters Minnesota Golden Gophers football announcers Minnesota Twins announcers People from the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area United States Navy officers Central High School (Minneapolis, Minnesota) alumni External links Society for American Baseball Research website Interview with Stew Thornley, author of Holy Cow! The Life and Times of <mask> Hall, NORTHERN LIGHTS Minnesota Author Interview'' TV Series #177 (1991)

Sherylyn Briller

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<mask><mask> (born September 19, 1968) is an American cultural anthropologist, who specializes in medical anthropology and applied anthropology. Briller is a professor of anthropology, a faculty associate for the Center on Aging and the Life Course (CALC), an affiliated faculty in the Critical Disabilities Studies Program, and an instructor for the Design and Innovation minor at Purdue University. Briller's research focuses on the cross-cultural study of health, aging, disability and end-of-life issues in Mongolia and various parts of the United States. She has completed work as a researcher and consultant for various public and private organizations, including the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and Cultural Keys, LLC. Her research studying health and aging has been published in numerous academic journals that focus on health, gerontology, and cultural studies. She has co-authored a book series titled Creating Successful Dementia Care Settings (2001) and co-edited End of Life Stories: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries (2005). Her most recent co-authored book, Designing An Anthropological Career: Professional Development Exercise (2009), provides a series of exercises to encourage students to identify their career goals.Biography Briller received a bachelor's degree in Sociology & Anthropology from Carleton College in 1989. She completed her graduate studies at Case Western Reserve University where she earned a Master of Arts in Anthropology (1992), a Center on Aging & Health Graduate Certificate in Gerontology (1993), and a Doctorate of Philosophy in Anthropology (2000). Her doctoral research examined the impact of family and government support on elder-care in Mongolia. She found that retired, rural Mongolians reported high levels of overall life satisfaction when they had familial support and governmental support in the form of pensions. During the completion of her doctoral work, Briller served as a consultant for numerous gerontological organizations and a lecturer at Wayne State University. Upon completion of her degree, she accepted a faculty position at Wayne State University as an assistant professor in anthropology and faculty associate in the Institute for Gerontology. While a professor at Wayne State University, Briller continued to work as an applied anthropologist studying health and aging.In 2014, she became a professor of anthropology at Purdue University. Briller has assisted with the development and expansion of the Applied and Practicing Anthropology program. Additionally, she serves as a faculty associate in the Center on Aging & the Life Course (CALC), an affiliated faculty in the Critical Disabilities Studies Program, and an instructor for the Design and Innovation minor at Purdue University. Scholarship Briller’s research focuses on gerontology, applied and practicing anthropology, and medical anthropology with an emphasis on the interdisciplinary study of aging, disability, human-centered design, and global health. She has published over 20 peer-reviewed articles on her research and co-edited one academic book, End of Life Stories: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries (2005). She has co-authored five academic volumes, including Creating Successful Dementia Care Settings (2001) series — a four-volume book series on dementia care settings. These volumes are described as providing "useful, implementable advice" in the form of a"rich collection of suggested starting point" to address the connection between dementia care and the physical environment.Her most recent book, Designing An Anthropological Career: Professional Development Exercise (2009), has been described as "a practical, how‐to guide for job‐seeking anthropology majors that does well to present information that will help students think about, and talk their way into, their future careers". Briller co-founded of the Space for Practice along with her colleagues, Zoe Nyssa, a professor in the department of anthropology at Purdue University, and Elizabeth K. Briody, a consultant from Cultural Keys, LLC and affiliate faculty member of anthropology at Purdue University. The Space for Practice is an applied anthropology lab at Purdue University whose "purpose is to facilitate applied anthropology pedagogy and to provide programming to foster student-practitioner interactions and networking". This lab provides students with hands-on experience working on applied anthropological projects and interaction with professionals and consultants who work in public and practicing anthropology. Applied work Briller is an active member of several national organizations, including the Society for Applied Anthropology, the National Association of Practicing Anthropology, the Consortium for Practicing and Applied Anthropology Programs, and the Association for Anthropology, Gerontology, and the Life-Course. In 2018, she was elected as president of Society for Applied Anthropology. She is the former president of the Association for Anthropology, Gerontology, and the Life-Course and chair of the Consortium for Practicing and Applied Anthropology Programs.In addition to her academic scholarship, Briller is an active practicing anthropologist. In 2014, she co-developed a community-engaged medical anthropology museum exhibit titled "Follow the Lines: Environmental Legacy, Health & Fishing the Detroit River" at the Gordon L. Grosscup Museum of Anthropology (Wayne State University). The exhibit was based on her work studying Detroit urban fishermen and explored the cultural significance of urban fishing along the Detroit River. This work occurred in partnership with the Michigan Department of Community Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Currently, Briller serves as a professional consultant for Cultural Keys, LLC — a firm that helps companies and non-profit organizations diagnose and solve organizational and cultural issues. Publications <mask>, S. & Goldmacher, A. (2009) Designing An Anthropological Career: Professional Development Exercises.Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. Gelfand, D. E., Raspa, R., <mask>, S.H. and Schim, S.M., eds. (2005) End-of-Life Stories: Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries. New York: Springer. Proffitt, M. and <mask>, S. (2002) The Unit’s Edge: Exploring the Boundary Between Public and Private Domains in Residential Settings for Older Persons. Milwaukee, WI: University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Center for Architecture & Urban Planning Research Publishers.<mask>, S. Proffitt, M., Perez, K. and Calkins,.M.P. (2001) Understanding the Environment Through Aging Senses, Vol. 2. In M. P. Calkins, Creating Successful Dementia Care Settings (series). Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press. <mask>, S., Proffitt, M., Perez, K. and Calkins, M.P. (2001) Maximizing Cognitive and Functional Abilities, Vol.3. In M. P. Calkins, Creating Successful Dementia Care Settings (series). Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press. Marsden, J.P, Briller, S., Calkins, M.P. and Proffitt, M. (2001) Enhancing Self and Sense of Home, Vol. 4. In M. P. Calkins, Creating Successful Dementia Care Settings (series).Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press. References American anthropologists Medical anthropologists American gerontologists 1968 births Purdue University faculty Carleton College alumni Case Western Reserve University alumni Wayne State University faculty American women anthropologists Living people 21st-century anthropologists American women academics 21st-century American women

Lifeimi Mafi

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<mask> (born 15 August 1982) is a Tongan-born, New Zealand former rugby union player. Career in New Zealand Born in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga, <mask> initially played his club rugby with Kia Toa (Kia Toa is a Māori term which translates to "be brave"), based in the suburb of Awapuni, Palmerston North. It is one of the oldest clubs in Manawatu, and produced former Munster fullback Christian Cullen, Bristol number 8 Dan Ward-Smith, and former Black Ferns captain Farah Palmer. He represented Manawatu in 2003, before moving to Taranaki in 2004 in time to play the British and Irish Lions in 2005. He made 25 appearances for Taranaki, and was named their "Back of the Season" in 2006. <mask> was also called into the Hurricanes squad in 2006 as replacement for the injured Conrad Smith, although he never took the field in a Super Rugby match. <mask> represented New Zealand at U19 and U21 level.He played alongside players of the calibre of Ben Atiga, Jimmy Cowan, John Afoa, Stephen Donald and Sam Tuitupou in the 2003 U21 RWC against Australia. Mafi was also part of the 2005 New Zealand Sevens squad which won the World Series, and played alongside Maori captain Liam Messam, and All Blacks Joe Rokocoko, Isaia Toeava and Rudi Wulf. Munster <mask>'s first appearance in a Munster jersey came during the close, hard fought win against Leicester Tigers at Welford Road in Round 1 of the 2006–07 Heineken Cup. <mask> was only on the pitch for a few minutes, but during that time he found himself on the wrong end of a trademark hit from Fijian centre Seru Rabeni. However, <mask>'s home debut in Thomond Park, in the trouncing of French outfit Bourgoin, was more impressive. Sprung from the bench with 10 minutes to go, a scintillating break and hand-off resulted in a try for substitute hooker Andy Kyriacou. <mask> first got on the scoresheet himself in the narrow away defeat to the Dragons, a game in which he scored two tries.He also finished a crucial score in the Heineken Cup round 5 game away to Bourgoin, and ran 50 metres to score his final try of the season at Musgrave Park in the end of season game against Glasgow Warriors. In all, <mask> scored 4 tries in 16 starts in his first season, but was criticised for his defensive decisions, often rushing out of the defensive line and leaving a space for opponents to exploit. His second season in Munster was drastically more successful, even though he only managed 2 tries throughout. The presence of Māori Rua Tipoki had a calming effect on <mask>'s defensive play, and the Munster centre partnership of <mask>-Tipoki was not exposed as much as the previous season's combination of Barry Murphy and Mafi, or Trevor Halstead and Mafi. Despite only scoring 3 tries between them in the victorious 2007–08 Heineken Cup campaign, their understanding of each other's play was crucial to Munster's success. Their attacking play was epitomised by Tipoki's score against Wasps in round 1 of the Heineken Cup at the Ricoh Arena, which was created by <mask>. <mask> himself scored a vital try away to French side Clermont, which secured a crucial losing bonus point which safe guarded Munster's passage to the quarter finals.<mask> and Tipoki formed Munster's vital centre partnership as they went on to capture their second Heineken Cup crown in May 2008. <mask> was nominated for Munster Player of the Year for the 2007–08 season, and in stark contrast to his debut in Welford Road, Toulouse centre Yannick Jauzion and Gloucester hooker Andy Titterell found themselves at the end of crunching tackles from the Kiwi Centre. However, Tipoki's departure at the end of the 2008–09 season led to a short lapse in <mask>'s form for Munster. The 2010–11 season saw a great deal of competition for places in the Munster team, with Sam Tuitupou, Johne Murphy and Keith Earls all competing with Mafi for centre places, and as a result <mask> spent some of the season either on the bench or dropped entirely. However, the latter half of the season saw a resurgence in his form on the pitch, and <mask> nailed down the 12 jersey. He often cooperated with Johne Murphy or Keith Earls, but, towards the end of the season, he played with Paul Warwick and Danny Barnes. The 2010–11 season also saw <mask> win his 100th cap for Munster, and he was an integral part of the team that triumphed over Ospreys and Leinster as Munster secured the 2010–11 Magners League.Contrary to a persistent rumour, having played IRB 7s for New Zealand, <mask> was never be eligible to play for Ireland. He is however, considered an honorary Munsterman and is known as Larry Murphy to the Thomond faithful. He formerly represented New Zealand 7s, U19s & U21s before joining the Irish province in October 2006. The centre is a holder of a Tongan passport, meaning he is not regarded as an "overseas" player in either the Celtic League or Heineken Cup, which allowed him to take to the field alongside Munster's other "overseas" players such as New Zealand's top international try scorer Doug Howlett. Perpignan <mask>'s move to French Top 14 side Perpignan was announced by then-Munster coach Tony McGahan in an interview on 22 March 2012. He joined Perpignan for the start of the 2012–13 season. <mask> made his debut for Perpignan on 18 August 2012, in the first round of the 2012–13 Top 14 against Toulon.Return to New Zealand <mask> and his family returned to New Zealand after he left Perpignan at the end of the 2017–18 Top 14 season, with <mask> rejoining Manawatu Turbos for the 2018 Mitre 10 Cup. He retired from rugby upon the conclusion of Manawatu's involvement in the competition. Honours Munster Heineken Cup Winner : 2007–08 Celtic League Winner : 2008–09, 2010–11 References External links Munster Profile ESPNscrum Profile 1982 births Living people People from Nukuʻalofa Tongan rugby union players Tongan expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand Tongan expatriate rugby union players Expatriate rugby union players in New Zealand Manawatu rugby union players Taranaki rugby union players Munster Rugby players USA Perpignan players Rugby union centres

Aarón Cruz

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<mask> (born on 25 May 1991), is a Costa Rican professional football player who plays as a goalkeeper currently playing for Deportivo Saprissa and the Costa Rican national team. Biography <mask> was born on 25 May 1991. Club career A. D. San Carlos <mask> made his professional debut on 22 January 2011, on the third day of the Summer Championship against Barrio México, as a local. On that occasion, he started the 90 minutes in the 2–1 victory. In all the competition he had two participations and in most of the times he was waiting from the substitution. On the other hand, the Sancarleños advanced to the eliminatory stage after finishing in second place in group B. In the quarterfinals they defeated Cartaginés, then in the semifinals they defeated Deportivo Saprissa, and were defeated in the finals against Alajuelense, obtaining the title runner-up.At the 2011 Winter Championships, <mask> made 7 appearances, while his team finished in eighth place with 21 points. In Summer 2012 he only saw action for one game. On 19 January 2011, Cruaz he unexpectedly announced his retirement at age 20, to devote more time to his PE career. On 14 January 2015, the team issued a press release and made <mask>'s return official for the Closing Tournament in the Costa Rican Second Division. He appeared as a substitute on 21 January for matchday 3 in the visit to Generación Saprissa, the match that concluded tied at a goal. After waiting on the bench, he started on 8 April in the match that faced CD Liberia at the Carlos Ugalde Stadium. <mask> conceded a goal in the 0–1 defeat.At the end of the days, his group was in ninth place in group A, with 17 points and a long way from qualifying for the next round. Pérez Zeledón In mid-2015, <mask> signed with Pérez Zeledón, returning to the top flight. However, he never made his Winter Championship debut. Added to this, his team went through a performance crisis that was forced to separate several players, including <mask> himself. The other dismissed were Pedro Leal, Daniel Ramírez, Cristian Bermúdez, and Julián Pino. C. F. Universidad de Costa Rica During the transfer period, <mask> signed by C.D. Univesidad de Costa Rica to face the 2015 Winter tournament.He began as an academic on 25 October, in the match against Carmelita, at the Ecological Stadium. He started the 90 minutes in the 1–0 win. In total, he made 7 apperrances and his club was seventh with 27 points. In the 2016 Summer Championship, <mask> acquired regularity in the starting lineups of the Portuguese coach Guilherme Farinha. He was for 21 games and conceded 29 goals. On the other hand, the university students finished in sixth place with 32 points. <mask> missed the first round of the 2016 Winter Championship due to a broken finger.He returned on 21 September in the game against Deportivo Saprissa, and the score was a 4–0 in a defeat. In all the competition, he played 7 matches with 664 minutes of participation. Deportivo Saprissa On 20 December 2016, Deportivo Saprissa announced, through a press release, the incorporation of <mask> into the purple team. He signed the contract for a period of three and a half years. <mask> as the starter on the first date of the Apertura 2017. For the start of the 2017 Summer Championship that took place on 8 January, the Saprissista team had a visit to the Carlos Ugalde Stadium, where they faced San Carlos. On his side, <mask> made his official debut with the number "22" and conceded a goal in the 1–0 defeat.The resumption of the Concacaf Champions League, in the first leg of the quarterfinals, took place on 21 February, the date on which his club hosted Pachuca de México at the Ricardo Saprissa Stadium. He was left as a substitute and the process of the match was consumed in a draw without annotations. On 28 February was the second leg of the continental tournament, at the Hidalgo Stadium. The final score was 4–0 in favor of the Tuzos. On 12 April, in the rough game against Pérez Zeledón at the Ricardo Saprissa Stadium, his club was behind on the scoreboard due to the opponent's goal in just four minutes after starting the second half. The defensive block of the generals closed the spaces to the purple ones to deploy the offensive system of coach Carlos Watson, but at the 85th minute, his teammate, Daniel Colindres gave a filtered pass to the Uruguayan player Fabrizio Ronchetti for him to define with a leg shot left. Shortly before the end of the supplementary stage, defender Dave Myrie scored the winning goal 2–1.With this result, the Saprissistas secured the lead of the tournament in the absence of a qualifying round commitment. With a 1–2 loss at home against Santos de Guápiles, his team reached third place in the home run and therefore was established in the last instance by not having obtained the first place again. On 17 May, the first leg of the final against Herediano took place at the Rosabal Cordero Stadium. The goalkeeper saw no action in the 3–0 loss. In the return match on 21 May at the Ricardo Saprissa Stadium, the events that ended the tournament were a failure with a score of 0–2 in favor of the opponents, and an aggregate of 0–5 in the aggregate series. His debut in the 2017 Apertura Tournament took place on July 30 at the "Fello" Meza de Cartago Stadium, where his team played at home against Carmelita. <mask>, for his part, appeared in the starting eleven, completed all the minutes and conceded two goals in the victory with the score of 4–2.The Saprissistas advanced to the home run in second place with 43 points, and at the end of it, the Tibaseño team was left without possibilities of opting for the title. <mask> counted eight appearances, executed nineteen interventions and managed to keep the goal at zero on one occasion. With a view to the 2018 Closing Tournament, his team changed coaches due to the retirement of Carlos Watson, with Vladimir Quesada- who was the assistant last season, became the new coach of the club. <mask> appeared as a starter for the 90 minutes in the 0–3 victory over Liberia at the Edgardo Baltodano Stadium, where he had a relatively quiet game in his goal which kept him undefeated. On 20 May, he was proclaimed champion of the tournament with his club after beating Herediano in the penalty shootout. <mask> made 15 appearances, intervened 27 times and left his goal unbeaten 5 times. At the conclusion of the 2018 Apertura competition, he made a total of three appearances in which he did not receive any goals.He faced his first match of the 2019 Clausura Tournament on 3 January, reaching all the minutes in the home draw at two goals against Limón. On 15 May, he obtained the runner-up of the contest. He begins the 2019 Opening Tournament with the defeat of his team 1–0 against San Carlos, in which <mask> started. On 28 July, he was sent off in the match against Santos de Guápiles, after having intercepted with his hands in a clear play of goal outside the area, for which he received a two-game suspension. On 26 November, he was proclaimed champion of the 2019 Concacaf League, after defeating Motagua from Honduras in the final. He played the first date of the 2020 Closing Tournament on January 11 against San Carlos at the Carlos Ugalde Stadium. <mask> reached all the minutes and left the fence undefeated in the 1–0 win.In the competition he was the most regular player on the team with 23 appearances. On 29 June, he achieved the national title with Saprissa, after overcoming the final series of the championship over Alajuelense. On 7 July, <mask> signed his renewal contract until May 2023. The new season began on 15 August 2020, for the first date of the Opening Tournament with a 4–0 home victory over Limón. In this competition he was the immovable goalkeeper and had 18 appearances. He makes his debut on the first day of the 2021 Closing Tournament on 13 January, as a starter in the goalless draw against Municipal Grecia. On 21 February, he suffered a muscle tear and was out for two to three weeks.On 9 March, he was allowed to play after his recovery. His team entered the semifinals of the tournament in fourth place. On 16 May, he was the hero in stopping a penalty shot from Bryan Ruiz, for the first leg, and three days later he stopped a shot at Ruiz himself. The purple team made it to the final after defeating Alajuelense with a 5–6 aggregate. On 23 May, he started in the first leg of the final against Herediano, and also on May 26 in the second leg, where he was proclaimed champion by winning the series. <mask> had saved most penalties in the championship, reaching the tally of four. On 17 June 17, he was awarded the prize for the best goalkeeper of the contest.International career Youth career On 23 November 2010, <mask> participated in the 2011 CONCACAF Under-20 Championship qualification held in Guatemala. The first match took place against Nicaragua, which ended 4–0 in favor of the Costa Ricans. Later they faced Panama, but the scoreboard ended with a 1–0 defeat. The Costa Rican team obtained second place in the table and played the playoffs against El Salvador. The round-trip games ended 1–0 and 1–1, with the victory of the Salvadorans, but due to FIFA regulatory issues they were disqualified by fielding a player who was ineligible to represent that country. Therefore, the Costa Rican squad won the series with score of 3–0 in both games, and subsequently qualified for the regional tournament. The Costa Rican U20 team participated at the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Colombia, was place with Spain, Australia and Ecuador.The match between Costa Rica and Spain ended in a 1–4 win. On 3 August the match against the Australians was played, and <mask> was in the substitution and the result finished 2–3 in favor of the Sele. The last game of the group stage was against the Ecuadorians; the goalkeeper again waited from the bench in the 3–0 loss. With this performance obtained, the Costa Rican squad advanced to the next stage among the best third parties. At the Nemesio Camacho El Campín Stadium in Bogotá, the game for the round of 16 against host Colombia took place on August 9. <mask> started and the score ended 3–2 in favor of the Colombians, leaving his country eliminated. Senior team On 14 March 2019, the player receives his first call up to the senior team by Gustavo Matosas, to face a couple of friendly matches of the month.On 24 March 23, a day after the game against Guatemala, <mask> was left on the bench, with a muscle injury that was confirmed in training that prevented him from continuing to concentrate. His place was taken over by Marco Madrigal. On 23 January 2020, <mask> returns to the roster this time by Rónald González Brenes, with the purpose of making a blank on a non-FIFA date. On 1 February, in a match against the United States at Dignity Health Sports Park. <mask> remained in the substitution and his country lost by the minimum 1–0. On 9 May 2021, he was named in the preliminary squad to participate in the 2021 CONCACAF Nations League Finals. He was included in the final-23 of 25 May.However, <mask> was tested positive for COVID-19, and was replaced by Patrick Sequeira on 27 May. References 1991 births Living people Costa Rican footballers Association football goalkeepers Deportivo Saprissa players Costa Rica international footballers

Hou Junji

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<mask> (died April 29, 643) was a Chinese general and official who served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Taizong in the Tang dynasty. He is best known for leading the Tang military campaigns against the Gaochang and Tuyuhun kingdoms. In 643, he was implicated in a plot by the crown prince, Li Chengqian, to overthrow Emperor Taizong, and was executed. During Emperor Gaozu's reign <mask>'s date of birth is unknown. Little is known about his family background other than that he was from Bin Prefecture (豳州, roughly modern Xianyang, Shaanxi). It was said that he was pretentious and always wanted to appear impressive. He favored using the bow and arrow; while he never achieved greatness in archery, he became known for his fighting abilities.At a point early in the reign of Emperor Gaozu, who was then still trying to reunify China after the collapse of the Sui Dynasty, Hou came to serve under Emperor Gaozu's son, the major general Li Shimin the Prince of Qin. While serving under Li Shimin, for his accomplishments, Hou was created the Viscount of Quanjiao. He also became a close associate of Li Shimin, often offering Li his strategies. By 626, Li Shimin was locked in an intense rivalry with his older brother Li Jiancheng, who was the Crown Prince. He feared that Li Jiancheng would kill him. <mask>, along with Li Shimin's brother-in-law Zhangsun Wuji, Zhangsun's uncle Gao Shilian, and the general Yuchi Gong, advised Li Shimin to act first and ambush Li Jiancheng and another brother who supported Li Jiancheng, Li Yuanji the Prince of Qi. Li Shimin agreed, and in 626 ambushed Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, killing them.During the subsequent battles between Li Shimin's forces and Li Jiancheng's and Li Yuanji's forces, <mask> led Li Shimin's forces. Following these battles, Li Shimin effectively forced Emperor Gaozu to make him the crown prince, and then to yield the throne to him (as Emperor Taizong). During Emperor Taizong's reign Late In 626, when Emperor Taizong personally ranked the contributions of the generals and officials in order to grant them fiefs, Emperor Taizong ranked five of them—<mask> <mask>, Zhangsun Wuji, Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui, and Yuchi Gong to be contributors of the highest grade, and Hou was created the Duke of Lu. In 630, Emperor Taizong made Hou the minister of defense and gave him the additional designation of Canyi Chaozheng (), making him a de facto chancellor. In 634, Emperor Taizong, sending the senior general Li Jing to command the campaign against Tuyuhun's Busabo Khan Murong Fuyun, made Hou and Li Daozong the Prince of Rencheng Li Jing's assistants on the campaign. By spring 635, Tang forces achieved initial victories, but Tuyuhun forces then burned the grazing grass to cut the food supplies to Tang horses. Most Tang generals wanted to withdraw, but Hou advocated continued advance, and Li Jing agreed, eventually allowing complete victory, as Murong Fuyun was killed by his subordinates, allowing his son Murong Shun, whom Tang supported, to become khan (as Yidou Khan).Around the new year 636, after Murong Shun was assassinated by his subordinates, Emperor Taizong sent Hou with an army to try to secure the throne for Murong Shun's son Murong Nuohebo. In 637, as part of Emperor Taizong's scheme to bestow prefectures on his relatives and great generals and officials as their permanent domains, Hou's title was changed to Duke of Chen, and he was given the post of prefect of Chen Prefecture (陳州, roughly modern Zhoukou, Henan), to be inherited by his heirs. Soon, however, with many objections to the system, the strongest of which came from Zhangsun Wuji, Emperor Taizong cancelled the scheme, although Hou's title remained Duke of Chen. In 638, Tufan's Songtsen Gampo, after hearing that the rulers of Tujue and Tuyuhun were all able to marry Tang princesses, requested to marry one as well, but was rebuffed by Emperor Taizong. In anger, he launched a major attack on Tang, capturing a number of prefectures. Emperor Taizong sent Hou to counterattack, assisted by other generals Zhishi Sili (), Niu Jinda (), and Liu Jian (). Niu was subsequently able to defeat Tufan forces at Song Prefecture (松州, roughly modern Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan), and Songtsen Gampo, in fear, withdrew, but still requested to marry a Tang princess.(This time, Emperor Taizong agreed, sending Princess Wencheng, a daughter of a clansman, to marry Songtsen Gampo.) Around the new year of 640, Qu Wentai (), the king of Gaochang, formed an alliance with Western Tujues who are hostile to Tang. Emperor Taizong sent Hou, assisted by Xue Wanjun (), to attack Gaochang. When Hou arrived at Gaochang, Qu Wentai died of distress and was succeeded by his son Qu Zhisheng (). Rejecting a proposal by some of his generals to ambush the Gaochang nobles when they were burying Qu Wentai (finding that doing so would be immoral), he put Gaochang's capital under siege, forcing Qu Zhisheng to surrender. Emperor Taizong annexed Gaochang territory except for three cities, which Gaochang had seized from Yanqi, and therefore were returned to Yanqi after the king of Yanqi met with Hou to congratulate him), and <mask> Zhisheng and his subordinates as captives. Upon Hou's return to Chang'an, however, he found himself in trouble, as it was alleged that Hou had taken for himself treasures from the Gaochang imperial treasury and forced certain Gaochang captives to be his slaves.The other generals, seeing Hou's example, also did likewise, and he was in no position to stop them. Emperor Taizong, when he found out about these events, put Hou and some of his generals under arrest less than 10 days after their return to Chang'an. However, upon the advice of the official Cen Wenben, Emperor Taizong released Hou. Death Hou Junji was resentful that, despite his great achievement, he was put under arrest, albeit briefly. In the spring of 643, when fellow general Zhang Liang was sent out of the capital to serve as the commandant at Luo Prefecture (洛州, roughly modern Luoyang, Henan), Hou tried to provoke Zhang by asking him, "Who squeezed you out?" Zhang, in jest, responded, "Other than you, who can squeeze me out?" Hou responded, "I conquered a kingdom, but I ran into someone throwing a temper tantrum big enough to overturn a house.What strength do I have to squeeze you out?" He then rolled up his sleeves and yelled, "I am so unhappy that I would rather die. Do you want to commit treason? I will commit treason with you!" Zhang secretly reported this exchange to Emperor Taizong, but Emperor Taizong pointed out that this was a private conversation with no corroboration, and took no action on it. In 643, when Emperor Taizong commissioned the Portraits at Lingyan Pavilion to commemorate the 24 great contributors to Tang rule, Hou's was one of portraits commissioned. Around the same time, however, Emperor Taizong's crown prince Li Chengqian was becoming fearful because Emperor Taizong had greatly favored another son, Li Tai the Prince of Wei, and Li Tai was making designs on the crown prince position.Li Chengqian therefore gathered a group of political and military officials around him to consider overthrowing his father, including his uncle Li Yuanchang () the Prince of Han, his cousin Zhao Jie (), and brother-in-law Du He (杜荷, Du Ruhui's son). Hou's son-in-law Helan Chushi (), the commander of Li Chengqian's guards, was also part of the plot, and through Helan, Li Chengqian invited <mask> to join the plot as well, as Hou agreed. However, he was deeply disturbed by his own involvement, and he developed insomnia. His wife sensed that something was wrong, and told him, "You, Duke, are an important official of the state, so why are you acting like this? If there is something you are doing wrong, you should report yourself so that your life can be spared." However, Hou did not do so. However, Li Chengqian's plot was betrayed by his guard Gegan Chengji (), and after an investigation ordered by Emperor Taizong and conducted by Zhangsun Wuji, Fang Xuanling, Xiao Yu, Li Shiji, as well as responsible officials from the supreme court and the legislative and examination bureaus of government, Li Chengqian was removed.The other conspirators, including Hou, were sentenced to death. Emperor Taizong initially considered commuting Hou's death sentence because of his accomplishments, but the other officials opposed, and Emperor Taizong stated to Hou, "I have to bid you, Duke, farewell. From now, I can only see your portrait!" Both he and Hou wept. As Hou was about to be beheaded, he stated to the general overseeing the execution, "I, Hou Junji, am not the type to commit treason, but I stumbled many times and reached this point. But as I destroyed two kingdoms as a general, please speak for me to His Imperial Majesty to request that I could have a son remaining to carry on the lineage, on the basis of my accomplishments." Emperor Taizong, when he heard this, pardoned Hou's wife and children but exiled them to the modern Guangdong region, and confiscated his properties.It was said that years earlier, after Emperor Taizong ordered Li Jing to teach Hou strategies, Hou reported to Emperor Taizong, "Li Jing is about to commit treason." When Emperor Taizong asked him why, Hou responded, "Li Jing only teaches me basic principles and does not teach me the best strategies, keeping them for himself." When Emperor Taizong asked Li Jing about this, Li Jing responded, "This is proof that Hou Junji will commit treason. China is secure right now, and the empire is united. What I taught him is sufficient to use against barbarians. If not for treasonous purposes, why would Hou want to learn all of the strategies?" At one point, Li Daozong also spoke to Emperor Taizong, stating, "Hou Junji has too much ambition and too little talent.He overvalued his achievements and found it shameful to be lower in position than Fang Xuanling and Li Jing. Even though he serves as a minister, he finds the position insufficient. I believe one day he will create a disturbance." Emperor Taizong responded, "Hou Junji is very talented and capable of serving in any position. It is not that I am unwilling to give him the highest post; it is just that it is not yet his turn. How can I distrust him and believe that he will commit treason?" After Hou was put to death, Emperor Taizong apologized to Li Daozong.Notes Old Book of Tang, vol. 69. New Book of Tang, vol. 94. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197. 643 deaths Tang dynasty generals from Shaanxi Chancellors under Emperor Taizong of Tang Tuyuhun Politicians from Xianyang Tang dynasty politicians from Shaanxi Year of birth unknown Executed Tang dynasty people People executed by the Tang dynasty by decapitation Executed people from Shaanxi Transition from Sui to Tang

Alice Liddell

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<mask> (née <mask>, ; 4 May 1852 – 16 November 1934), was, in her childhood, an acquaintance and photography subject of Lewis Carroll. One of the stories he told her during a boating trip became the children's classic 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. She shared her name with "<mask>", the heroine of the story, but scholars disagree about the extent to which the character was based upon her. Early life <mask> was the fourth of the ten children of <mask>, ecclesiastical dean of Christ Church, Oxford, one of the editors of A Greek-English Lexicon, and his wife <mask> (née Reeve). She had two older brothers, Harry (born 1847) and Arthur (1850–53), an older sister Lorina (born 1849), and six younger siblings, including her sister Edith (born 1854) to whom she was very close and her brother Frederick (born 1865), who became a lawyer and senior civil servant. At the time of her birth, Liddell's father was the Headmaster of Westminster School but was soon after appointed to the deanery of Christ Church, Oxford. The Liddell family moved to Oxford in 1856.Soon after this move, <mask> met Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), who encountered the family while he was photographing the cathedral on 25 April 1856. He became a close friend of the Liddell family in subsequent years. <mask> was three years younger than Lorina and two years older than Edith, and the three sisters were constant childhood companions. She and her family regularly spent holidays at their holiday home Penmorfa, which later became the Gogarth Abbey Hotel, on the West Shore of Llandudno in North Wales. When <mask> was a young woman, she set out on a grand tour of Europe with Lorina and Edith. One story has it that she became a romantic interest of Prince Leopold, the youngest son of Queen Victoria, during the four years he spent at Christ Church, but the evidence for this is sparse. It is true that years later, Leopold named his first child <mask>, and acted as godfather to <mask>'s second son Leopold.However, it is possible <mask> was named in honour of Leopold's deceased elder sister instead, the Grand Duchess of Hesse. A recent biographer of Leopold suggests it is far more likely that <mask>'s sister Edith was the true recipient of Leopold's attention. Edith died on 26 June 1876, possibly of measles or peritonitis (accounts differ), shortly before she was to be married to Aubrey Harcourt, a cricket player. At her funeral on 30 June 1876, Prince Leopold served as a pall-bearer. Later life <mask> married Reginald Hargreaves, also a cricketer, on 15 September 1880, at the age of 28 in Westminster Abbey. They had three sons: Alan Knyveton Hargreaves and Leopold Reginald "Rex" Hargreaves (both were killed in action in World War I); and Caryl <mask> Hargreaves, who survived to have a daughter of his own. Liddell denied that the name 'Caryl' was in any way associated with Charles Dodgson's pseudonym.Reginald Hargreaves inherited a considerable fortune, and was a local magistrate; he also played cricket for Hampshire. <mask> became a noted society hostess and was the first president of Emery Down Women's Institute. She took to referring to herself as "Lady Hargreaves", but there was no basis for such a title. After her husband's death in 1926, the cost of maintaining their home, Cuffnells, was such that she deemed it necessary to sell her copy of Alice's Adventures under Ground (Lewis Carroll's earlier title for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland). The manuscript fetched £15,400 (), nearly four times the reserve price given to it by Sotheby's auction house. It later became the possession of Eldridge R. Johnson and was displayed at Columbia University on the centennial of Carroll's birth. <mask> was present, aged 80, and it was on this visit to the United States that she met Peter Llewelyn Davies, one of the brothers who inspired J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan.Upon Johnson's death, the book was purchased by a consortium of American bibliophiles and presented to the British people "in recognition of Britain's courage in facing Hitler". The manuscript is held by the British Library. For most of her life, <mask> lived in and around Lyndhurst in the New Forest, in the county of Hampshire. Death After her death in 1934, her body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium, with her ashes being buried in the graveyard of the church of St Michael and All Angels in Lyndhurst. A memorial plaque, naming her "Mrs. Reginald Hargreaves" can be seen in the picture in the monograph. <mask>'s mirror can be found on display at the New Forest Heritage Centre, Lyndhurst, a free museum sharing the history of the New Forest. Origin of Alice in Wonderland On 4 July 1862, in a rowing boat travelling on the Isis from Folly Bridge, Oxford, to Godstow for a picnic outing, 10-year-old <mask> asked Charles Dodgson (who wrote under the pen name Lewis Carroll) to entertain her and her sisters, Edith (aged 8) and Lorina (13), with a story.As the Reverend Robinson Duckworth rowed the boat, Dodgson regaled the girls with fantastic stories of a girl, named <mask>, and her adventures after she fell into a rabbit-hole. The story was not unlike those Dodgson had spun for the sisters before, but this time Liddell asked Mr. Dodgson to write it down for her. He promised to do so but did not get around to the task for some months. He eventually presented her with the manuscript of Alice's Adventures Under Ground in November 1864. In the meantime, Dodgson had decided to rewrite the story as a possible commercial venture. Probably with a view to canvassing his opinion, Dodgson sent the manuscript of Under Ground to a friend, the author George MacDonald, in the spring of 1863. The MacDonald children read the story and loved it, and this response probably persuaded Dodgson to seek a publisher.Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, with illustrations by John Tenniel, was published in 1865, under the name Lewis Carroll. A second book about the character <mask>, Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, followed in 1871. In 1886, a facsimile of Alice's Adventures Under Ground, the original manuscript that Dodgson had given <mask>, was published. Relationship with Lewis Carroll The relationship between <mask> and Dodgson has been the source of much controversy. Dodgson met the <mask> family in 1855; he first befriended Harry, the older brother, and later took both Harry and Ina on several boating trips and picnics to the scenic areas around Oxford. Later, when Harry went to school, <mask> and her younger sister Edith joined the party. Dodgson entertained the children by telling them fantastic stories to while away the time.He also used them as subjects for his hobby, photography. It has often been stated that <mask> was clearly his favourite subject in these years, but there is very little evidence to suggest that this is so; Dodgson's diaries from 18 April 1858 to 8 May 1862 are missing. "Cut pages in diary" The relationship between the Liddells and Dodgson suffered a sudden break in June 1863. There was no record of why the rift occurred, since the Liddells never openly spoke of it, and the single page in Dodgson's diary recording 27–29 June 1863 (which seems to cover the period in which it began) was missing; it has been speculated by biographers such as Morton N. Cohen that Dodgson may have wanted to marry the 11-year-old <mask>, and that this was the cause of the unexplained break with the family in June 1863. <mask>'s biographer, Anne Clark, writes that <mask>'s descendants were under the impression that Dodgson wanted to marry her, but that "<mask>'s parents expected a much better match for her." Clark argues that in Victorian England such arrangements were not as improbable as they might seem; John Ruskin, for example, fell in love with a 12-year-old girl while Dodgson's younger brother sought to marry a 14-year-old, but postponed the wedding for six years. In 1996, Karoline Leach found what became known as the "Cut pages in diary" document—a note allegedly written by Charles Dodgson's niece, Violet Dodgson, summarising the missing page from 27–29 June 1863, apparently written before she (or her sister Menella) removed the page.The note reads: "L.C. learns from Mrs. <mask> that he is supposed to be using the children as a means of paying court to the governess—he is also supposed by some to be courting Ina" This might imply that the break between Dodgson and the <mask> family was caused by concern over alleged gossip linking Dodgson to the family governess and to "Ina" (<mask>'s older sister, Lorina). In her biography, The Mystery of Lewis Carroll, Jenny Woolf suggests that the problem was caused by Lorina becoming too attached to Dodgson and not the other way around. Woolf then uses this theory to explain why "Menella [would] remove the page itself, yet keep a note of what was on it." The note, she submits, is a "censored version" of what really happened, intended to prevent Lorina from being offended or humiliated at having her feelings for Dodgson made public. It is uncertain who wrote the note. Leach has said that the handwriting on the front of the document most closely resembles that of either Menella or Violet Dodgson, Dodgson's nieces.However, Morton N. Cohen in an article published in the Times Literary Supplement in 2003 said that in the 1960s, Dodgson's great-nephew Philip Dodgson Jacques told him that Jacques had written the note himself based on conversations he remembered with Dodgson's nieces. Cohen's article offered no evidence to support this, however, and known samples of Jacques' handwriting do not seem to resemble the writing of the note. After this incident, Dodgson avoided the Liddell home for six months but eventually returned for a visit in December 1863. However, the former closeness does not seem to have been re-established, and the friendship gradually faded away, possibly because Dodgson was in opposition to <mask> over college politics. Comparison with fictional <mask> The extent to which Dodgson's Alice may be or could be identified with Liddell is controversial. The two Alices are clearly not identical, and though it was long assumed that the fictional Alice was based very heavily on Liddell, recent research has contradicted this assumption. Dodgson himself claimed in later years that his Alice was entirely imaginary and not based upon any real child at all.There was a rumour that Dodgson sent Tenniel a photo of one of his other child-friends, Mary Hilton Badcock, suggesting that he used her as a model, but attempts to find documentary support for this theory have proved fruitless. Dodgson's own drawings of the character in the original manuscript of <mask>'s Adventures Under Ground show little resemblance to <mask>. Biographer Anne Clark suggests that Dodgson might have used <mask> as a model for his drawings. There are at least four direct links to Liddell in the two books. First, he set them on 4 May (Liddell's birthday) and 4 November (her "half-birthday"), and in Through the Looking-Glass the fictional <mask> declares that her age is "seven and a half exactly", the same as Liddell on that date. Second, he dedicated them "to <mask> <mask>". Third, in the first book, the Dormouse tells a story which begins, "Once upon a time there were three little sisters... and their names were Elsie, Lacie, and Tillie."The name <mask> was pronounced with the accent on the first syllable and would sound like "little" as spoken with the "T" sound softened. Also the name "Lacie" is an anagram of "<mask>", whilst 'Elsie' refers to Lorina, whose second name was Charlotte, giving her the initials L.C. 'Tillie' refers to Edith's family nickname of 'Matilda'. Fourth, there is an acrostic poem at the end of Through the Looking-Glass. Reading downward, taking the first letter of each line, spells out <mask>'s full name. The poem has no title in Through the Looking-Glass, but is usually referred to by its first line, "A Boat Beneath a Sunny Sky". A boat beneath a sunny sky, Lingering onward dreamily In an evening of July— Children three that nestle near, Eager eye and willing ear, Pleased a simple tale to hear— Long has paled that sunny sky: Echoes fade and memories die.Autumn frosts have slain July. Still she haunts me, phantomwise, <mask> moving under skies Never seen by waking eyes. Children yet, the tale to hear, Eager eye and willing ear, Lovingly shall nestle near. In a Wonderland they lie, Dreaming as the days go by, Dreaming as the summers die: Ever drifting down the stream— Lingering in the golden gleam— Life, what is it but a dream? In addition, all of those who participated in the Thames boating expedition where the story was originally told (Carroll, Duckworth and the three Liddell sisters) appear in the chapter "A Caucus-Race and a Long Tale" – but only if <mask> is represented by <mask> herself. <mask> in other works Several later writers have written fictional accounts of Liddell: Liddell is the main character of Melanie Benjamin's novel Alice I Have Been, a fictional account of <mask>'s life from childhood through old age, focusing on her relationship with Lewis Carroll and the impact that <mask>'s Adventures Under Ground had on her. She is one of the main characters of the Riverworld series of books by Philip José Farmer.She plays a small but critical role in Lewis Padgett's short story "Mimsy Were the Borogoves". Katie Roiphe has written a fictional (claimed to be based on fact) account of the relationship between <mask> and Carroll, titled Still She Haunts Me. The 1985 film Dreamchild deals with her trip to America for the Columbia University presentation described above; through a series of flashbacks, it promotes the popular assumption that Dodgson was romantically attracted to <mask>. Frank Beddor wrote The Looking Glass Wars, which reimagines the Alice in Wonderland story and includes real-life characters such as the Liddells and Prince Leopold. The 1863 incident features in Marshall N Klimasewiski's 2006 novel, The Cottagers, in which two characters are engaged in varying degrees on biographical projects about Dodgson. <mask> and Dodgson are used as protagonists in Bryan Talbot's 2007 graphic novel Alice in Sunderland to relay the history and myths of the area. The 2008 opera by Alan John and Andrew Upton Through the Looking Glass covers both the fictional <mask> and Liddell.Peter and <mask>, John Logan's play in 2013, features the encounter of <mask> Hargreaves and Peter Llewelyn Davies, one of the boys who inspired the Peter Pan character. In Colin Greenland's science fiction novel Take Back Plenty, a central role is played by spaceship called <mask>ell. The spaceship has a sentient persona which is the best friend of the protagonist, space pilot Tabitha Jute. <mask> the ship always asks Tabitha to tell her stories. The Looking Glass House (2015), a novel written by Liddell's great-granddaughter Vanessa Tait, tells the story of her relationship with Dodgson through the eyes of her governess Miss Prickett. In the television show Warehouse 13, <mask> is a character whose spirit is trapped in Lewis Caroll's mirror and causes trouble by possessing people. She is portrayed as a homicidal maniac that killed many people (including her own mother which led to her madness) before being trapped in the mirror.Her back story is revealed in the episode Fractures. The stage-play adaptation of Through the Looking-Glass by Jim Geisel (Eldridge Publishing Company, 1990) is narrated by the character of the historical <mask>. The videogame American McGee's Alice features a version of <mask> with brown hair, like the historical Liddell. The likeness is confirmed in the sequel, Alice: Madness Returns, where <mask>'s surname, Lidell , is revealed. References Literature Gardner, Martin (1965). Introduction to Alice's Adventures under Ground by Lewis Carroll. Dover Publications. . Gardner, Martin (ed.)(2000). The Annotated Alice (The Definitive Edition). Allen Lane The Penguin Press. . Official website 1852 births 1934 deaths 19th-century English people 20th-century English people 19th-century English women 20th-century English women English artists' models Women of the Victorian era English children Burials in Hampshire People from Westminster Muses Lewis Carroll Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Liddell family

William Houston Stewart

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Admiral Sir <mask>, (7 September 1822 – 13 November 1901) was a senior British naval officer who, after a long, active career, eventually held the office of the Controller of the Royal Navy from 1872 to 1881. Personal life <mask> was born on 7 September 1822 at Kirkmichael House, Ayrshire. He was the son of Admiral of the Fleet <mask> (1791–1875), and Martha (d. 1870), youngest daughter of Sir <mask>, Bart (1785–1846). <mask> is sometimes referred to as <mask>; his paternal grandfather was Sir <mask>, Bt (1766–1825). On 20 February 1850, he married Catherine Elizabeth Coote (1829–1867), only daughter of Eyre Coote (1806–1834) of West Park, Hampshire. Catherine died on 23 November 1867. His remarried on 11 January 1872, this time to Blanche Caroline (1845–1927), the third child of Admiral Hon.<mask> (1814–1879), and Mary Caroline <mask> (née Fitzroy) (1823–95). They had one daughter: Blanche Nita <mask> (b. 1873 - d. 1947). Early career <mask> entered the Navy on 29 April 1835. His first active service was aboard the Tweed during the Carlist Wars in Spain 1836–37, and then during the Syrian campaign 1840–41, in HMS Carysfort, during which time he was wounded and mentioned in dispatches. He served as lieutenant on 28-gun frigate Volage from 29 June 1843 until March 1843, though officially he was not promoted to Lieutenant until 26 September 1842. Volage was commanded by Captain <mask>, and was on the North America and West Indies station.In March 1843 he was appointed lieutenant in the 74-gun two-decker Illustrious, commanded by Captain John Elphinstone Erskine, flagship of Vice-Admiral Charles Adam, on the North America and West Indies station. In 1844, he was appointed lieutenant in the 16-gun brig-sloop Ringdove, serving on the west coast of Africa station. The captain of Ringdove, Commander Sir <mask>, died in command at Sierra Leone on 12 September 1845. (The previous commander of Ringdove was Commander <mask>, whose daughter Blanche was later to become <mask>'s second wife.) <mask>'s next appointment was as lieutenant in the 50-gun razee frigate Grampus, which was commissioned at Woolwich by Captain Henry Byam Martin, and then went out to the Pacific station. <mask> served in Grampus until 1847, when he studied steam engineering at Woolwich. On 18 May 1848, he was promoted to commander.On 5 August 1851, Commander <mask> commissioned the 6-gun paddle-sloop Virago at Woolwich. Virago served on the Pacific station. On 4 December 1851, Virago put into the Chilean port of Punta Arenas in the Strait of Magellan. This city was "a penitentiary colony for relapsing criminals and relegated military". When Virago arrived, the port was in the hands of a group of mutinous prisoners "headed by one Cambiaso, second lieutenant of the troops stationed there; who... had committed some offence and been imprisoned a short time before." Cambiaso had captured two merchant vessels: the barque Florida of New Orleans and the brig Eliza Cornish of Liverpool. The officers of the Virago came on shore, visited the barracks, and the Florida, and then left the harbour without having their suspicions excited.When Virago arrived Cambiaso had considered trying to capture her, but was deterred because of "the order and discipline on board, the well manned guns, the well drilled marines", and "of the capability of even the smallest midshipman to take command of the crew in case of the absence of the superior officers". Early in January 1852, intelligence of the mutiny was transmitted to the Chilean government at Valparaíso. "The Chilean authorities despatched two Chilean men-of-war [Indefatigable and Meteoro], and some Chilean troops under Don Santiago Jorge Bynon. The troops were put on board the Chilean men-of-war; the latter on board the Virago, on the same service. The English steamer proceeded immediately to the Straits, and it was to be hoped that her officers would learn a lesson from experience, and prove themselves more sharp sighted than they had done a month before, in their former visit to the colony." The mutineers and their prisoners sailed from Punta Arenas on the Florida and the Eliza Cornish. Virago searched for, and recaptured the Eliza Cornish at sea and rescued some colonists who had been abandoned on Wood's Bay.Meanwhile, Cambiaso and his men on board the Florida had been overpowered by some of her original crew. When Virago and the Chilean ships encountered the Florida, at a place called Ancud, the Florida was back in friendly hands. Viragos crew lent assistance to Florida, took the prisoners and treasure on board. After the incident, there was some dispute about treasure recaptured by the Virago; an American called Charles H. Brown from the Florida tried to claim it was his, and wrote a book to back up his claims. On 5 April 1853, Commander Edward Marshall took over command of Virago. Crimean War service On 9 July 1854, <mask> was promoted to captain. He was then appointed captain of the 4-gun 2nd-class paddle-frigate Firebrand, replacing Captain Hyde Parker.During this time Firebrand was serving in the Black Sea during the Crimean War during which time <mask> was wounded during the bombardment of Sebastopol, mentioned in dispatches and awarded the French Legion of Honour. He also received the Ottoman Order of the Medjidieh and the C.B. for service in the Crimea. On 29 August, <mask> was superseded by Captain <mask>. On 2 February 1855, he was appointed captain of the 6-gun 2nd-class paddle-frigate Dragon; his predecessor, Captain James Willcox, had only commanded her for 11 days. Under <mask>, Dragon served in the Baltic Fleet in the second year of campaigning in the Baltic in 1855 and was present in the attack on Sweabourg, commanding the bombarding force of rocket and mortar boats (mentioned in dispatches). These operations were part of the Russian War of 1854-56 (the Crimean War).After the Crimean War From 4 May 1857 to 3 May 1860, <mask> was captain of the Impregnable, the harbour flagship of Vice-Admiral Barrington Reynolds, Devonport. Impregnable was a 47-year-old 98-gun sail three-decker, which had been modernised in 1825–26, but had been a harbour flagship since 1839. On 3 May 1860, he became captain of the modern 131-gun steam three-decker Marlborough, flagship of Vice-Admiral <mask> Martin, C-in-C of the Mediterranean Fleet. Vice-Admiral Robert Smart superseded Vice-Admiral Martin on 20 April 1863. <mask> was superseded by Captain Charles Fellowes in June 1863. <mask> was then superintendent of Chatham dockyard from 19 November 1863 to 30 November 1868; for part of this time, from 3 January 1866, he flew his flag in Wellesley, guard ship of ordinary, Chatham. On 1 April 1870 <mask> was promoted to rear admiral.From 13 July 1870 to 21 November 1871 <mask> was Superintendent of Devonport dockyard. From 20 November 1871 to 28 April 1872 he was Superintendent of Portsmouth dockyard. Controller Rear Admiral <mask> was appointed Controller of the Navy on 29 April 1872, and held this post until 1 December 1881. During this time he was promoted to vice admiral (12 November 1876) and then admiral (23 November 1881). He was appointed K.C.B. (Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath) on 2 June 1877. End of his career Admiral <mask>'s last post was Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth, which he held from 1 December 1881 to 1 December 1884.He retired on 30 March 1885. He was appointed GCB (Knight Grand Cross of the Bath) on 21 June 1887, and died in London on 13 November 1901. <mask> <mask> Channel, in the Queen Charlotte Islands, is named for <mask> <mask>. See also Footnotes |- Royal Navy admirals Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 1822 births 1901 deaths People from South Ayrshire Burials at Brompton Cemetery

Arthur Vandenberg

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<mask>. (March 22, 1884April 18, 1951) was an American politician who served as a United States senator from Michigan from 1928 to 1951. A member of the Republican Party, he participated in the creation of the United Nations. He is best known for leading the Republican Party from a foreign policy of isolationism to one of internationalism, and supporting the Cold War, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. He served as president pro tempore of the United States Senate from 1947 to 1949. Born and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in a family of Dutch Americans, <mask> began his career as a newspaper editor and publisher. In 1928, Republican Governor Fred W. Green appointed <mask> to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy that arose after the death of Woodbridge Nathan Ferris. <mask> won election to a full term later that year and remained in the Senate until his death in 1951.He supported the early New Deal programs but came to oppose most of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's domestic policies. During the late 1930s, Vandenberg also opposed the United States' becoming involved in World War II and urged Roosevelt to reach an accommodation with Japan. <mask> abandoned his isolationism, however, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He became chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1947 and supported Democratic President Harry Truman's Cold War policies, asserting that "politics stops at the water's edge." <mask> also served as the chairman of the Republican Senate Conference from 1945 to 1947 and as the president pro tempore of the Senate from 1947 to 1949. He unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for president in 1940 and 1948. Early life and family <mask> was born and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the son of Alpha (née Hendrick) and <mask>, of mostly Dutch heritage.Vandenberg attended the public schools of Grand Rapids and graduated from Grand Rapids Central High School in June 1900 ranked first in his class. He then studied law at the University of Michigan (1900–1901), where he was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity. After a brief stint working in New York at Collier's Weekly magazine, he returned home in 1906 to marry his childhood sweetheart, Elizabeth Watson. They had three children. She died in 1917, and in 1918 Vandenberg married Hazel Whitaker. They had no children. From 1906 to 1928, he worked as a newspaper editor and publisher at the Grand Rapids Herald.It was owned by William Alden Smith, who served as a Republican in the U.S. Senate from 1907 to 1919. As publisher, <mask> made the paper highly profitable. He wrote most of the editorials, many of which called for more Progressivism in the spirit of his hero Theodore Roosevelt. However he supported incumbent President William Howard Taft over Roosevelt in the 1912 election. In 1915 Vandenberg coined the term "loon ship" for Henry Ford's Peace Ship in reaction to Ford's more outlandish ideas. A talented public speaker, during political campaigns <mask> often gave speeches on behalf of Republican candidates. He also attended numerous local, county and state Republican conventions as a delegate, and gave several convention keynote addresses.His work on behalf of the party gave <mask> a high public profile, and he was frequently mentioned as a candidate for governor or other offices. As a widower with three small children, <mask> was ineligible for active military service during World War I. To contribute to the war effort, Vandenberg gave speeches at hundreds of Liberty bond rallies in Michigan and Ohio, in which he urged listeners to demonstrate their patriotism by helping finance U.S. military preparedness and combat. In addition, he joined the Michigan State Troops, the volunteer organization that performed many of the National Guard's duties after the Guard was federalized. Appointed a first lieutenant, <mask> commanded a company in Grand Rapids until the end of the war. After the war, <mask> aided in founding and organizing the Michigan branch of the American Legion. <mask> gained national attention for his 1921 biography The Greatest American: Alexander Hamilton.He followed this in 1923 with If Hamilton Were Here Today: American Fundamentals Applied to Modern Problems; and, in 1926, The Trail of a Tradition, a study of American nationalism and U.S. foreign policy. A civic activist, Vandenberg's fraternal memberships included Masons, Shriners, Elks, and Woodmen of the World. Senate career 1928–1935 On March 31, 1928, Governor Fred W. Green appointed 44-year-old <mask>, a Republican, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Woodbridge Nathan Ferris, a Democrat. Green considered resigning so he could be appointed to the vacancy. He also considered several other candidates, including former Governors Albert Sleeper and Chase Osborn. In addition, Green considered Representative Joseph W. Fordney, who would have been a placeholder until the election for the remainder of Ferris' term. Green finally decided upon <mask>, who immediately declared his intention to stand for election to both the short, unexpired term and the full six-year term.He became the fifth former journalist then serving in the U.S. Senate. Governor Green "stressed the advantage of youth as a qualification for the rough-and-tumble of life in Washington committee rooms" which was deemed an explanation for appointing <mask> over the aged Fordney. "Fellow Republican publishers to whom he can look from behind his horn-rimmed glasses for encouragement in his maiden speech are Cutting of New Mexico, Capper of Kansas, La Follette of Wisconsin. Senator-publisher Carter Glass of Virginia sits across the aisle among the Democrats." In November 1928, <mask> was handily elected for a full term, defeating Democratic challenger John W. Bailey with over 70% of the vote. In the Senate, he piloted into law the Reapportionment Act of 1929, which updated the process for redistricting of the House of Representatives after each national census and capped the number of representatives at 435. He was at first an ardent supporter of Republican President Herbert Hoover but he became discouraged by Hoover's intransigence, and failures in dealing with the Great Depression.After the election of Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt to the presidency in 1932, <mask> went along with most of the early New Deal measures, except for the National Industrial Recovery Act and Agricultural Adjustment Act. With the exception of his amendment to the 1933 Glass–Steagall Banking Act, that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, <mask> failed to secure enactment of any significant legislative proposals. By the 1934 election, though his own political position was precarious, he was still reelected over Democratic candidate Frank Albert Picard by 52,443 votes. Opposing the New Deal 1935–1939 When the new Congress convened in 1935, there were only twenty-five Republican senators, and <mask> was one of the most effective opponents of the second New Deal. He voted against most Roosevelt-sponsored measures, notable exceptions being the Banking Act of 1935 and the Social Security Act. He pursued a policy of what he called fiscal responsibility, a balanced budget, states' rights, and reduced taxation. He felt that Franklin Roosevelt had usurped the powers of Congress, and he spoke of the dictatorship of Roosevelt.But at the 1936 Republican National Convention, <mask> refused to permit the party to nominate him for vice president, anticipating Roosevelt's victory that year. As part of the conservative coalition of Republicans and Democrats in the Senate, <mask> helped defeat Roosevelt's plan to pack the Supreme Court. He helped defeat the Passamaquoddy Bay tidal power and Florida Canal projects, voted against the National Labor Relations Act, various New Deal tax measures, and the Hours and Wages Act. American foreign policy <mask> became a member of the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1929. Starting as an internationalist, he voted in favor of United States membership on the World Court. However, the war clouds gathering in Europe moved him towards isolationism. His experiences during the Nye Committee hearings on the munitions industry, of which he was the Senate co-sponsor, convinced him that entry into World War I had been a disastrous error.He supported the isolationist Neutrality Acts of the 1930s but wanted and sponsored more severe bills designed to renounce all traditional neutral "rights" and restrict and prevent any action by the president that might cause the United States to be drawn into war. He was one of the most effective of the diehard isolationists in the Senate. Except for advocating aid to Finland after the Soviet invasion of that country and urging a quid pro quo in the Far East to prevent a war with Japan over the Manchuria-China question, his position was consistently isolationist. In mid-1939 he introduced legislation nullifying the 1911 Treaty of Navigation and Commerce with Japan and urged that the administration negotiate a new treaty with Japan recognizing the status quo with regard to Japan's occupation of Chinese territory. Instead, Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull used the resolution as a pretext for giving Japan the required six months' notice of intent to cancel the treaty. On the day of the Pearl Harbor attack however his position changed radically. In his private papers he wrote that at Pearl Harbor, isolationism died for any realist.In the end, only one member of Congress, Republican Jeannette Rankin, voted against war with Japan. United Nations and internationalism 1940–1950 In the election of 1940, <mask> secured a third term in the Senate by defeating Democratic challenger Frank Fitzpatrick by over 100,000 votes. During World War II, <mask>'s position on American foreign policy changed radically. Although he continued to vote with the conservative coalition against Roosevelt's domestic proposals, <mask> gradually abandoned his isolationism to become an architect of a bipartisan foreign policy, which he defined as a consensus developed by consultation between the president, the State Department, and congressional leaders from both parties, especially those in the Senate. In 1943 British scholar Isaiah Berlin, working for the British embassy, prepared a confidential intelligence summary of the leaders of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He described <mask> as: On January 10, 1945, he delivered a celebrated "speech heard round the world" in the Senate Chamber, publicly announcing his conversion from "isolationism" to "internationalism". Following the completion of the Second World War, <mask> was elected to his fourth and final term in the U.S. Senate, defeating his Democratic challenger, James H. Lee, by earning over two-thirds of the vote in the 1946 election.In 1947, at the start of the Cold War, <mask> became chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In that position, he cooperated with the Truman administration in forging bipartisan support for the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO, including presenting the critical Vandenberg resolution. As chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, he asserted that "politics stops at the water's edge", and cooperated with the Truman administration in forging bipartisan support. Francis O. Wilcox, first chief of staff of the Foreign Relations Committee, recalled <mask>'s Senate career as an exemplar of bipartisanship in American foreign policy. In October 2000, the Senate bestowed a rare honor on Vandenberg, voting to include his portrait in a "very select collection" in the United States Senate Reception Room. Last years In 1940 and 1948 Vandenberg was a "favorite son" candidate for the Republican presidential nomination. In 1950 <mask> announced that he had developed cancer.He died on April 18, 1951, and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Grand Rapids. Legacy The former Vandenberg Creative Arts Academy of the Grand Rapids Public Schools was named after him. In September 2004, a portrait of <mask>, along with one of Senator Robert F. Wagner, was unveiled in the Senate Reception Room. The two new portraits joined a group of highly distinguished senators including Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Robert M. La Follette, and Robert A. Taft. Portraits of this group of senators, known as the "Famous Five", had been unveiled in March 1959. A statue dedicated to <mask> was unveiled in May 2005 in downtown Grand Rapids, on Monroe Street, north of Rosa Parks Circle. Senator <mask> is memorialized in a Michigan historical marker for the Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg/Vandenberg Center in Grand Rapids The Vandenberg Room (formerly the Grand Rapids Room) at the University of Michigan is named in his honor of Senator <mask>'s second wife, Hazel.<mask> Hall at Oakland University is named in his honor. In southeast Michigan, three elementary schools were named after him - one in Redford, another in Southfield, and the third in Wayne which closed in 2016. Noteworthy family members <mask><mask> Jr. (1907–1968), the senator's son, worked for the senator for more than a decade. In 1952 President Eisenhower appointed him appointments secretary, but he took a leave of absence before Eisenhower was inaugurated. Senator <mask>'s nephew, U.S. Air Force General Hoyt S<mask>, served as Air Force Chief of Staff and director of Central Intelligence. Vandenberg Air Force Base was named in his honor. Senator <mask>'s great nephew, Hoyt S<mask> Jr., served as a major general in the Air Force.Committee assignments and diplomatic service President pro tempore of the Senate during the 80th Congress, 1947–1949 Chairman, U.S. Senate Committee on Enrolled Bills, 1931–1933 Chairman, Senate Republican Conference, 1945–1947 Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations, 1947–1949 Delegate to the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco in 1945 Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly at London and New York City in 1946 United States adviser to the 2nd and 3rd Council of Foreign Ministers at Paris, and New York City in 1946 Delegate to the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security, at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 15 – September 2, 1947, which drafted the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (also known as the Rio Treaty) See also List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–1999) References Further reading "<mask> <mask>," in Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 5: 1951–1955, American Council of Learned Societies, 1977 Egan, Maurice Francis. "Hamilton's Ghost Walking the Stage of Politics." The New York Times Book Review: June 10, 1923. (Review of Vandenberg's book If Hamilton Were Here Today.) Gagnon, Frédérick. "Dynamic Men: Vandenberg, Fulbright, Helms and the Activity of the Chairman of the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee Since 1945." online (2013) Gazell, James A."<mask><mask>, Internationalism, and the United Nations." Political Science Quarterly (1973): 375–94. in JSTOR Haas, Lawrence J. Harry and <mask>: Truman, Vandenberg, and the Partnership That Created the Free World (Potomac Books, 2016), excerpt Hill, Thomas Michael. "Senator <mask><mask>, the Politics of Bipartisanship, and the Origins of Anti-Soviet Consensus, 1941–1946", World Affairs 138 (Winter 1975–1976), pp. 219–41. Hudson, Daryl J. "Vandenberg Reconsidered: Senate Resolution 239 and US Foreign Policy," Diplomatic History (1977) 1#1 Kaplan, Lawrence S. The Conversion of Senator <mask><mask>: From Isolation to International Engagement.(University Press of Kentucky, 2015); major scholarly study excerpt Meijer, Hendrik. <mask>: The Man in the Middle of the American Century (University of Chicago Press, 2017), Meijer, Hank. "<mask> and the Fight for Neutrality, 1939." Michigan Historical Review (1990): 1-21. Tompkins, C. David. Senator <mask><mask>: the evolution of a modern Republican, 1884–1945 (Michigan State University Press, 1970) Williams, Phil. The Senate and US Troops in Europe (Palgrave Macmillan, 1985), excerpt chapter on "The North Atlantic Treaty, Military Assistance and the Troops to Europe Decision."pp. 11-41. Primary sources <mask> Jr, <mask>. The Private Papers of Senator <mask> (Boston, 1952). Published works The Greatest American: Alexander Hamilton. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1921. If Hamilton Were Here Today: American Fundamentals Applied to Modern Problems.New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1923. The Trail of a Tradition. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1926. External links Cover – <mask> – October 2, 1939 Time magazine Biographical Directory of the United States Congress "Memorial services held in the House of Representatives together with remarks presented in eulogy of <mask> <mask>, late a senator from Michigan" 1884 births 1951 deaths American newspaper publishers (people) American Congregationalists Burials in Michigan Deaths from cancer in Michigan Deaths from lung cancer Michigan Republicans Politicians from Grand Rapids, Michigan American people of Dutch descent Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate Republican Party United States senators United States senators from Michigan Candidates in the 1936 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1940 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1948 United States presidential election University of Michigan Law School alumni Old Right (United States) 20th-century American politicians Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Peter III of Callinicum

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<mask> of Callinicum (, ) was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 581 until his death in 591. He is commemorated as a saint by the Syriac Orthodox Church in the Martyrology of Rabban Sliba, and his feast day is 22 April. Under considerable pressure from the most prominent non-Chalcedonians, <mask> agreed to become patriarch of Antioch, and thus spiritual leader of the Syrian non-Chalcedonians, in opposition to its incumbent Paul the Black, and led the church as he faced the division he inherited from Paul's tenure as patriarch. Whilst he had some success in dealing with the tritheists, <mask> quarrelled with his erstwhile ally the Egyptian non-Chalcedonian Pope Damian of Alexandria, and entered into a schism with him that would persist past his death until 616. Biography Early life <mask> was born at Callinicum in c. 550, and was the son of an orator named Paul. He was educated in Greek, Syriac, philosophy, and theology, and likely became a monk at the monastery of Saint Ananias near Callinicum. The 570s was a tumultuous period for the Syrian non-Chalcedonian community as its spiritual leader and patriarch of Antioch Paul the Black was declared deposed by the Egyptian non-Chalcedonian Pope Damian of Alexandria and eminent bishop Jacob Baradaeus, thus creating a schism between the Paulites, who supported Paul as patriarch, and Jacobites, who supported the deposition of Paul.Paul's opponents conspired to consecrate a new patriarch of Antioch in his stead, and Jacob Baradaeus twice offered to appoint <mask> as Paul's successor, but he refused on both occasions as he was reluctant to assume the office whilst Paul was still alive. Damian travelled to Syria in 579 after Jacob Baradaeus' death to arrange for the election of a new patriarch, and again <mask> was asked to become patriarch, but he refused once more. Finally, after Damian had unsuccessfully attempted to consecrate a certain Severus as patriarch, and a meeting between the Paulites and Jacobites at Constantinople in 580 had failed to reunite the factions, <mask> relented and agreed to become patriarch of Antioch on Damian's request. The sources differ on the date, location, and bishop responsible for <mask>'s consecration. The Chronicle of 1234 places <mask>'s consecration in 570/571 (AG 882), the Zuqnin Chronicle gives 578 (AG 889), and John of Ephesus in his Ecclesiastical History records 581 (AG 892). The Chronicle of 846 also supports 580/581 (AG 892) as the year of <mask>'s consecration. The earliest date 570/571 is disregarded as an erroneous copy of 581, and 578, although previously accepted by earlier Syriac historians, including William Wright, Rubens Duval, Carl Anton Baumstark, Jean-Baptiste Chabot, and Ortiz de Urbina, has since been rejected in favour of 581.John of Ephesus reported that <mask> was consecrated patriarch of Antioch by Damian at Alexandria, and is supported by the Chronicle of 1234, whereas the historians Michael the Syrian and Bar Hebraeus record that <mask> was consecrated at the aforementioned monastery of Saint Ananias by the archbishop Joseph of Amid with the support of the Egyptian non-Chalcedonians. It is also suggested that he was consecrated at the monastery of Gubo Baroyo near Cyrrhus. After his consecration, <mask> sent a letter to Damian to confirm their churches were in communion, and included a refutation of tritheism. Damian responded with a letter to <mask> to give his official endorsement, and enthusiastically praised the new patriarch of Antioch. Patriarch of Antioch Upon his ascension to the patriarchal office, <mask> became remorseful that he had agreed to become patriarch whilst its previous incumbent still lived, travelled to Alexandria with the theologians Probus and archimandrite John Barbour, and offered his resignation to Damian in an effort to reunite the Paulites and Jacobites. Damian refused <mask>'s offer, and Paul may have died soon after, thus bringing an end to the split between the two factions, however, it is alternatively asserted that Paul instead died in 584, suggesting the schism endured for several more years. <mask> returned to Syria, whereas his companions Probus and John Barbour decided to remain at Alexandria as they had become disgruntled with <mask> for not consecrating them as bishops.In 582, <mask> met with the Cilician tritheist bishops Antoninus and Elias and archimandrite Theodore to discuss their reunion with the Syrian non-Chalcedonians under <mask>, and he asserted that he would only assent to this if they renounced tritheism and its proponents, namely John Philoponus, and accepted the denunciation of tritheism as expressed in the aforementioned synodal letters of <mask> and Damian, and the treatise of Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria. To Theodore's surprise, Antoninus renounced tritheism, and was supported by Elias, but neither of the two bishops broke off from the tritheist faction. After several years, the tritheists Elias and Theodore met with <mask> on behalf of Conon of Tarsus and Antoninus to again discuss the patriarch's demands for their reunion. At the meeting's conclusion, Elias and Theodore accepted <mask>'s main conditions, and it was agreed they would write to the other tritheists at Constantinople to consult them before a union was formalised. A few days later, <mask> received the delegation's reply and a letter from Elias declaring an end to talks of union as Conon and Antoninus refused to condemn proponents of tritheism. Theodore concurred with Conon and Antoninus, but Elias separated from the tritheist faction at this point and met with <mask>. Elias underwent penance for a short period of time, presented <mask> with a plerophoria (confession of faith) in accordance with his conditions on 21 July 585, and entered into communion with him.At Alexandria, Probus and John Barbour had been swayed to Neo-Chalcedonism by Stephanus of Alexandria, and the former's open support for this christological position had led Damian to expel him from the city, and he travelled to Syria to continue his campaign in support of the position against non-Chalcedonianism. Probus was consequently excommunicated, and after an appeal from John Barbour, who had concealed his support for neo-Chalcedonism, <mask> convened a synod at the monastery of Gubo Baroyo in c. 585 to hear an apologia by John Barbour that he had composed in defence of Probus. The synod concluded that John had also adopted neo-Chalcedonism, and he was duly deposed and excommunicated, and <mask> issued a synodal letter to condemn and refute their christological position. Alexandrine schism In c. 586, the formerly cordial relationship between <mask> and Damian was soured by theological controversy, and ultimately led to schism between their two churches that would endure until its resolution in 616. However, the origins of this quarrel is obscured by the partisanship of the available sources. The Egyptian sources, the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria and Synaxaire Arabe-Jacobite, support Damian, and subsequently attest that the dispute had begun with <mask>'s synodal letter to Damian, in which he had allegedly declared it was unnecessary to speak of the Trinity, thereby constituting an accusation of the heresy of sabellianism, but had also supported the division of the Trinity, thus suggesting he supported tritheism, which was theologically opposed to sabellianism. It is claimed that <mask> had ignored a treatise from Damian that had informed him of his errors.On the other hand, the Syrian sources, including <mask>'s letters and the histories of Michael the Syrian and Bar Hebraeus, favour <mask>, and record the dispute had begun after Damian had written an anti-tritheist book in response to a tritheist tract, and sent it to <mask> to be examined and correct any errors. <mask>'s reply to Damian gave praise of his refutation of tritheism, but also noted that he may have deviated from the doctrine that had been established by the Cappadocian Fathers, Cyril of Alexandria, Severus of Antioch, and Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria, and asked that he clarified several points. Damian resented <mask>'s request, and claimed that he had rejected his work out of envy, thus prompting <mask> to assemble a synod, which compiled and conveyed a text to Damian to reply to his claims. This was to no avail, however, as Damian issued festal letters and apologia to defend his book, and continued to criticise <mask>. <mask> issued a letter addressed to the Church of Alexandria to encourage its members to prevail upon Damian to resolve the dispute. According to Michael the Syrian, after <mask> had invited him to meet to discuss their disagreement several times, Damian reluctantly agreed to meet at Paralos in Egypt to make arrangements for a formal debate between the two. However, <mask>, in his letter to the monastery of the Antonines at the Enaton in Egypt, instead relayed that he had travelled to Egypt with his entourage without any prior agreement with Damian, and had planned to travel to Alexandria, but had been prevented from entering the city and made to stay at Paralos, only three days march from the city.Both Michael the Syrian's history and <mask>'s letter suggest that, although he did not meet with Damian at Paralos, he did receive a number of letters from him whilst he was there. <mask>'s letter to the Antonines attests that after staying at Paralos for four months, during which time he was poorly treated, <mask> and his companions were expelled from Egypt with no agreement on a meeting between him and Damian, whereas Michael the Syrian's history suggests a second meeting was arranged to be held in the province of Arabia. The letter from <mask> to the Syrians at Alexandria clarifies that a meeting in Arabia was agreed upon once Damian had travelled to Tyre in secret, and sent representatives to <mask> at his residence at the monastery of Gubo Baroyo. As a region with a strong non-Chalcedonian presence, and the residence of the non-Chalcedonian Ghassanids, who had previously arbitrated ecclesiastical disputes, Arabia was an ideal location for the meeting between the two patriarchs under the arbitration of the Ghassanid phylarch Jafna. Thus the phylarch Jafna presided over two ill-fated meetings in Arabia in 587, the first of which was held at a monastery, and the second took place at the Church of Saint Sergius at Jabiyah. Both meetings were tumultuous as Damian's entourage created commotion and Jafna could not impose order on the proceedings. Nothing came of the discussions as no agreement could be made on the location or participants of a synod to discuss their theological disagreement, and ultimately Jafna gave up and left out of frustration.<mask> continued to push for a resolution, and he followed Damian when he returned to Egypt after the assembly in Arabia, but this was in vain as Damian evaded any meeting by travelling from monastery to monastery. Later life <mask>'s failure to end the dispute with Damian even after he had followed him to Egypt led him to write a treatise later named Contra Damianum ("Against Damian") to provide an account of the dispute between the two patriarchs. The treatise served as a defence against Damian's accusations of sabellianism and tritheism, and at its end <mask> declared an end to the communion with Damian, thus officially marking the schism between the Syrian and Egyptian non-Chalcedonian churches. <mask> later died of natural causes on 22 April 591, and was buried at the monastery of Gubo Baroyo. Works <mask> is known to have written an anaphora in Syriac, which survives in two manuscripts dated to the 15th century, and a poem on the crucifixion in Syriac, of which a single manuscript likely from the end of the 6th century is still extant. Contra Damianum ("Against Damian") survives in six manuscripts, the most complete of which includes chapters five to twenty-two of book two, and all fifty chapters of book three. In the treatise, <mask> utilised quotations from Church Fathers to support his argument, including Athanasius of Alexandria, Basil of Caesarea, Cyril of Alexandria, Eustathius of Antioch, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa, John Chrysostom, and Severus of Antioch.He quoted at least 107 passages from 27 of Severus' works. References Bibliography Primary sources Secondary sources Syriac Patriarchs of Antioch from 512 to 1783 591 deaths 6th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops 6th-century Syriac Orthodox Church bishops Syriac writers 550 births 6th-century Byzantine bishops People from Raqqa Governorate People of Roman Syria 6th-century Byzantine writers Syriac Orthodox Church saints

Sanford I. Weill

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<mask>. "Sandy<mask> (; born March 16, 1933) is an American banker, financier and philanthropist. He is a former chief executive and chairman of Citigroup. He served in those positions from 1998 until October 1, 2003, and April 18, 2006, respectively. Early life and education <mask> was born in the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn, New York, to Polish Jewish immigrants, Etta Kalika and <mask>. He attended P.S. 200 in Bensonhurst.He also attended Peekskill Military Academy in Peekskill, New York, then enrolled at Cornell University where he was active in the Air Force ROTC and the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. <mask> received a Bachelor of Arts degree in government from Cornell in 1955. Weill's middle initial of "I" is not an abbreviation for anything. He has said: Business career <mask>, shortly after graduating from Cornell University, got his first job on Wall Street in 1955 – as a runner for Bear Stearns. In 1956, he became a licensed broker at Bear Stearns. Rather than making phone calls or personal visits to solicit clients, Weill found he was far more comfortable sitting at his desk, poring through companies' financial statements and disclosures made to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. For weeks his only client was his mother, Etta, until his later to be wife, Joan, persuaded an ex-boyfriend to open a brokerage account.Building Shearson (1960–1981) While working at Bear Stearns, <mask> was a neighbor of Arthur L. Carter who was working at Lehman Brothers. Together with Roger Berlind and Peter Potoma, they formed Carter, Berlind, Potoma & Weill in May 1960. In 1962 the firm became Carter, Berlind & Weill after the New York Stock Exchange brought disciplinary proceedings against Potoma. In 1968, with the departure of Arthur Carter, the firm was renamed Cogan, Berlind, Weill & Levitt (Marshall Cogan, Arthur Levitt), or CBWL jokingly referred to on Wall Street as "Corned Beef With Lettuce". <mask> served as the firm's Chairman from 1965 to 1984, a period in which it completed over 15 acquisitions to become the country's second-largest securities brokerage firm. The company became CBWL-Hayden, Stone, Inc. in 1970; Hayden Stone, Inc. in 1972; Shearson Hayden Stone in 1974, when it merged with Shearson Hammill & Co.; and Shearson Loeb Rhoades in 1979, when it merged with Loeb, Rhoades, Hornblower & Co. With capital totaling $250 million, Shearson Loeb Rhoades trailed only Merrill Lynch as the largest securities broker. American Express (1981–1985) In 1981, Weill sold Shearson Loeb Rhoades to American Express for about $915 million in stock.In 1982, he founded the National Academy Foundation with the Academy of Finance to educate high school students. <mask> began serving as president of American Express Co. in 1983 and as chairman and CEO of American Express's insurance subsidiary, Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, in 1984. <mask> was succeeded by his protégé, Peter A. Cohen, who became the youngest head of a Wall Street firm. While at American Express, <mask> began grooming his newest protégé, Jamie Dimon, the future CEO of JPMorgan Chase. Before Citigroup (1986–1998) <mask> resigned from American Express in August 1985 at age 52. After an attempt to become the CEO of BankAmerica Corp., he persuaded Minneapolis-based Control Data Corporation to spin off a troubled subsidiary, Commercial Credit, a consumer finance company. In 1986 Weill bought Commercial Credit for $7 million.After a period of layoffs and reorganization, the company completed a successful IPO. In 1987, he acquired Gulf Insurance. The next year, he paid $1.5 billion for Primerica, the parent company of Smith Barney and the A. L. Williams insurance company. In 1989, he acquired Drexel Burnham Lambert's retail brokerage outlets. In 1992, he paid $722 million to buy a 27% share of Travelers Insurance, which had gotten into trouble because of bad real estate investments. In 1993 he reacquired his old Shearson brokerage (now Shearson Lehman) from American Express for $1.2 billion. By the end of the year, he had completely taken over Travelers Corp in a $4 billion stock deal and officially began calling his corporation Travelers Group Inc.In 1996 he added to his holdings, at a cost of $4 billion, the property and casualty operations of Aetna Life & Casualty. In September 1997 <mask> acquired Salomon Inc., the parent company of Salomon Brothers Inc. for over $9 billion in stock. Citigroup (1998-2003) In April 1998, Travelers Group announced an agreement to undertake the $76 billion merger between Travelers and Citicorp, and the merger was completed on October 8, 1998. The possibility remained that the merger would run into problems connected with federal law. Ever since the Glass–Steagall Act, banking and insurance businesses had been kept separate. <mask> and John S. Reed bet that Congress would soon pass legislation overturning those regulations, which <mask>, Reed and a number of businesspeople considered not in their interest. To speed up the process, they recruited to the Board of Directors former President Gerald Ford (Republican) and former Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin (who served during the Democratic Clinton Administration) whom Weill was close to.With both Democrats and Republicans on their side, the law was taken down in less than two years. Many European countries, for instance, had already torn down the firewall between banking and insurance. During a two-to-five-year grace period allowed by law, Citigroup could conduct business in its merged form; should that period have elapsed without a change in the law, Citigroup would have had to spin off its insurance businesses. <mask>'s office holds a wood etching of him engraved with the words "The Shatterer of Glass–Steagall". <mask> denies that the repeal of Glass–Steagall played a role in the recent financial crisis. In 1998, <mask> was the recipient of FinancialWorld Magazines CEO of the Year Award and received the same honor from ChiefExecutive Magazine in 2002. In 2001, Weill became a Class A director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.Class A directors are those elected by Federal Reserve member banks. Also in 2001, <mask> established several offshore enterprises, including one through which he owned his yacht. These entities were identified in the Panama Papers. In 2002, the company was hit by the wave of Wall Street managerial restructuring that followed the stock market downturn of 2002. In 2003, <mask> sold 5.6 million shares of Citigroup back to the financial institution for nearly $264 million and relinquished the title of CEO to Charles O. Prince. He remained Chairman of Citigroup until 2006.Advocate for bank break-up On July 25, 2012, Weill apparently reversed course on the financial supermarket. "What we should probably do is go and split up investment banking from banking, have banks be deposit takers, have banks make commercial loans and real estate loans, have banks do something that's not going to risk the taxpayer dollars, that's not too big to fail," Weill said on CNBC. "If they want to hedge what they're doing with their investments, let them do it in a way that's going to be mark-to-market so they're never going to be hit." Personal life <mask> married Joan Mosher on June 20, 1955. The couple lives in Sonoma, California. They have two adult children, <mask> (formerly married to news anchor E. D. Hill) and <mask> Bibliowicz, and four grandchildren. Philanthropy Weill served as a Cornell Trustee for many years, and in 1998 he endowed Cornell's medical school, now known as the Weill Cornell Medical College.As chairman of the Board of Overseers of Weill Cornell Medical College and an emeritus member of the Board of Trustees of Cornell University, Weill orchestrated a $400 million donation to Cornell, of which he and his wife personally contributed $250 million. In June 2007, he endowed the Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology at Cornell, housed in a new life science building named Weill Hall. On September 10, 2013, Joan and <mask> and the Weill Family Foundation announced a $100 million gift to <mask> Cornell. <mask> is Chairman of the Board of Overseers of Weill Cornell Medical College and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, having joined the board in 1982 and becoming chair in 1995. <mask> Cornell established the first American medical school overseas in Doha, Qatar, in 2001. This was made possible through a special partnership between Weill Cornell and the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development. Weill Cornell's inaugural class in Qatar graduated in 2008.<mask> also serves on the Board of Governors of Sidra, a 380-bed speciality teaching hospital was scheduled to open in 2014 in Qatar. Sidra is supported by a $9 billion endowment from the Qatar Foundation. In addition, he is a Trustee of New York-Presbyterian Hospital; a Trustee of Hospital for Special Surgery; and a member of the Executive Council of the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center. In May 2003, he received the Baruch Medal for Business and Civic Leadership, presented by Baruch College for his work in public education and his accomplishments in business. Long a proponent of education, <mask> instituted a joint program with the New York City Board of Education in 1980 that created the Academy of Finance, which trains high school students for careers in financial services. He serves as Founder and Chairman of the NAF, which oversees more than 100,000 students in 617 career-themed academies of finance, hospitality and tourism, information technology, engineering, and health sciences, in 35 states, as well as the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Ninety-nine percent of NAF's students graduate, with eighty-seven percent going on to post-secondary education – often as the first in their families to attend college.New York Governor Andrew Cuomo appointed <mask> as a member of his New York Education Reform Commission. <mask> has received honorary degrees from Howard University, Hofstra University, University of New Haven, The New School, and Sonoma State University. He is also the Chairman of the Board of Carnegie Hall and is an avid champion of classical music in the United States. Since 1986, one of the three performance halls in Carnegie Hall has been named after <mask> and his wife, Joan and <mask><mask> Recital Hall. The 1997 recipient of the New York State Governor's Art Award, <mask> has been Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Carnegie Hall since 1991. For <mask>'s 70th birthday, Carnegie Hall raised a record $60 million in one evening through a generous $30 million match by <mask> and his wife for the Weill Music Institute, which established broad-reaching music education programs. <mask> is also chairman of the Green Music Center Board of Advisors at Sonoma State University and a director of the Lang Lang International Music Foundation.In 1997, <mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. His Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member General Colin Powell. In September 2006, Joan and <mask> Hall was dedicated at the University of Michigan. The building is home to the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. Weill donated $5 million towards the construction of the building and an additional $3 million to endow the position of the dean of the school. Joan and <mask> have been co-chairs, of the annual "Louis Marshall Award Dinner", for most of the past decade (2000–2010). In 2002, the Joan Weill Adirondack Library and Joan Weill Student Center were dedicated at Paul Smith's College.The Weills are recipients of the 2009 Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy Award. <mask><mask> was the 2015 recipient of the Carnegie Hall Medal of Excellence. In 2010, the Weills bought a 362-acre estate in Sonoma County, California. In March 2011, the Weills announced a $12 million gift to Sonoma State University, providing the funds to complete the Donald and Maureen Green Music Center concert hall for a fall 2012 opening. The facility, inspired by Seiji Ozawa Hall at Tanglewood, has been named the Joan and <mask> I. Weill Hall. "We love to be involved in the communities where we spend time," <mask> commented to an interviewer. In 2011, Rambam Medical Center in Haifa, Israel and the American Friends of the Rambam Medical Center announced that Joan and Weill and the Weill Family Foundation made a donation of $10 million.In addition, the money was intended to support the Israeli-Palestinian Friendship Center and enable the hospital to better serve patients from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank by making residential hostel facilities available to their families while providing advanced medical training to Palestinian residents, fellows, and nursing staff. In 2012, <mask> was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In September 2013, <mask> and his wife wrote an op-ed for CNBC stating that philanthropy goes beyond just money. "For us, philanthropy is much more than just writing a check. It's donating your time, energy, experience, and intellect to the causes and organizations you are passionate about." In 2015, <mask> offered an additional $20 million to Paul Smith's College, but only if it changed its name to Joan Weill-Paul Smith's College, a change that would have violated the terms of the devise of the school's real property, which required that the school be "forever known" as Paul Smith's College of Arts and Sciences. Paul Smith's applied to the New York Supreme Court for a release from the naming clause of the donor's will, arguing that its continued financial survival depended on receipt of Mrs. <mask>'s $20 million gift.Notwithstanding that argument, there was considerable opposition to the requested name change from alumni and others. The college was originally funded by the will of Paul Smith's son, Phelps Smith, who specified that the institution should be "forever known" by his father's name. In light of the potential donation, the college petitioned to be released from the will's conditions, but their appeal was denied by Judge Ellis. In 2016 Sandy and <mask> announced a $185 million contribution to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) for a new neuroscience institute. At the time, the gift was the largest donation in the school's history. The Weill Institute for Neurosciences is housed in a $316 million facility at UCSF's Mission Bay campus. The Weills hope the institute will develop more effective treatments for such diseases as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, autism, and other brain-related ailments.In 2019, the Weills pledged an additional $106 million for neuroscience research at UCSF, Berkeley, and the University of Washington. References External links Booknotes interview with Monica Langley on Tearing Down the Walls: How <mask> Fought His Way to the Top of the Financial World And Then Nearly Lost it All, May 11, 2003 World's Richest People 2005: 72. <mask>, Forbes <mask> at Reference for Business Past Winners of Harold W. McGraw, Jr. Prize in Education Website and biographical info for Marc Weill Articles HW Wilson: Today's Profile - 1999 The Banker: "Is Sandy losing focus?," September 2, 2002. "Knowledge at Wharton". Norris, Floyd. "Citigroup's Climb to Riches, One Merger at a Time with <mask>. <mask>", New York Times, July 17, 2003. "<mask> Sits Down With the WJ", Wharton Journal, September 22, 2003."Sandy's Story," Time, March 24, 2003. USA Today Q&A Video Wall Street Journal, November 9, 2005. Members of the Council on Foreign Relations 1933 births American chief executives of financial services companies American financiers American people of Polish-Jewish descent Carnegie Hall Citigroup employees Cornell University alumni Directors of Citigroup Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Giving Pledgers 21st-century philanthropists Jewish American philanthropists Living people People from Brooklyn Businesspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut The Travelers Companies American billionaires American bank presidents Carnegie Hall Medal of Excellence winners People named in the Panama Papers Philanthropists from New York (state) Peekskill Military Academy alumni 21st-century American Jews

Philip Bartelme

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<mask> (August 16, 1876 – May 3, 1954), also known as P.G<mask> and sometimes spelled "Barthelme", was the second athletic director of the University of Michigan, holding the position from 1909-1921. Bartelme is credited with bringing the sports of basketball, hockey and swimming to varsity status at Michigan and with leading Michigan back into the Big Ten Conference after its withdrawal in 1907. The only athletic directors to serve a longer tenure at Michigan are Fielding H. Yost (1921-1940), Fritz Crisler (1941-1968), and Don Canham (1968-1988). After leaving Michigan in 1921, Bartelme spent the rest of his career in the world of professional baseball, serving as the president of the Syracuse Stars (1922-1925), the head of the St. Louis Cardinals' farm system in the 1930s, president of the Sacramento Solons (1936-1944), and a scout for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Bartelme's baseball career was closely tied to that of Branch Rickey, who Bartelme had hired as Michigan's baseball coach in 1910. University of Michigan A native of Chicago, Illinois, Bartelme was a student manager for the 1902 Michigan Wolverines football team.On November 1, 1902, Michigan played Wisconsin at Marshall Field in Chicago before a crowd of 23,000 persons. The stadium became so densely packed that one of the temporary grandstands hastily erected to support 400 persons collapsed, injuring several persons. The game was stopped for ten minutes while order was restored, and <mask> immediately gave the order that no more tickets were to be sold. Thousands were turned away. <mask> became Michigan's second athletic director in 1909 following the resignation of Charles A. Baird. He was appointed to the position on March 24, 1909 by the university's Board of Regents at a salary of $2,700 per year. He took over the position on July 1, 1909.1909. When <mask> took over as athletic director, Michigan had withdrawn from the Western Conference. One of his principle accomplishments was the return of Michigan to the conference. In September 1909, Barthelme made his views known:"I always have thought that Michigan's place is in the conference, and moreover, I have thought that when conditions were so we could return, it would be the only thing for us to do. However, I am not so sure that that time has come." He noted that the "training table" was the biggest obstacle to Michigan's rejoining the conference. Bartelme noted that the training table was "a great factor in getting the men into the condition necessary for hard football" and avoiding serious injuries.<mask> is credited with bringing the sports of basketball, hockey and swimming to varsity status at Michigan He also oversaw the construction of the Athletic Administration Building and hired the university's first full-time director of intramural sports. In 1921, <mask> led an investigation to determine whether Vernon Parks, the captain of Michigan's baseball team and leading pitcher in the Big Ten Conference, had played baseball for Portland in the Pacific Coast League under the assumed name, Harold Brooks. Barthelme noted, "This Brooks won 90 percent of his games I am told. I have seen his picture and I am certain he is really Vernon Parks, our star pitcher. If the charges are true, there is no doubt that the University of Michigan will take drastic action." Parks admitted to Bartelme that he had played for Portland and at the same time resigned from the Michigan team. Career in baseball Relationship with Branch Rickey While serving as athletic director, Bartelme was responsible for giving Branch Rickey his start in baseball administration.Michigan's baseball coach quit in 1910, and Rickey, who was then a law student at Michigan, applied for the job. Rickey asked every alumnus he had ever met to write letters to Bartelme on his behalf. Bartelme recalled, "Day after day those letters came in." Bartelme was reportedly impressed with Rickey's passion for baseball and his idealism about the proper role of athletics on a college campus. Bartelme convinced the dean of the law school that Rickey could handle his law studies and serving as the school's baseball coach. Bartelme reportedly called Rickey into his office to tell him he had the job if only "to put a stop to those damn letters that come in every day." The hiring also marked the beginning of a lifelong friendship and business relationship between Rickey and Bartelme.<mask> and Rickey worked together for most of the next 35 years, and in 1944 a California newspaper noted: "He and Rickey have had a close association in baseball ever since Bartelme was head of the athletic department of the University of Michigan where Rickey took to baseball just as a means to build up his failing health." Syracuse Stars In 1922, Bartelme purchased a one-half interest in the Syracuse Stars baseball club of the International League. John Conway Toole, president of the league, said at the time, "Mr. Bartelme was a high type sportsman and would be a valuable addition to the league." Bartelme joined his friend Branch Rickey as a partner in ownership of the Stars. In late 1923, Bartelme and Rickey proposed moving the Syracuse team to Montreal. However, the Stars remained in Syracuse with Bartelme acting as the club's president from 1922-1925. Bartelme sold his interest in the Stars in January 1926.At the time of the sale, the Syracuse Herald praised Bartelme for his contributions to Syracuse baseball:"Bartelme worked hand in hand with the Cardinals club during his three years and a half here and gave Syracuse the best baseball it has ever enjoyed." Among Bartelme's most profitable moves was his sale of slugger Jim Bottomley to the St. Louis Cardinals for $30,000. The Stars had acquired Bottomley for $1,000, and he quickly became a sensation while playing for the Stars. Brick tile business in Florida Upon selling his interest in the Syracuse Stars, Bartleme went into business with a manufacturing concern in St. Augustine, Florida. Bartelme invested considerable money in a firm constructing hollow brick tile for the building business in Florida. With Florida experiencing a building boom in 1926, Bartelme reported that he felt that his entire time must be devoted to his new business. St. Louis Cardinals In March 1928, <mask> and Branch Rickey purchased the Dayton baseball franchise in the new Central League, and <mask> became the club's president.According to a biography of Rickey, <mask> was set back by "business losses in Florida" and was brought to St. Louis by Rickey as an office administrator. By 1929, press accounts identified Bartelme as assistant to Rickey for minor league relations. Bartelme continued to serve as vice president in charge of the Cardinals' minor league operations during Rickey's time in St. Louis. In December 1935, press accounts referred to him as the head of the Cardinals' chain of baseball farm teams. During <mask>'s tenure, the Cardinals' farm system produced the stars who would form the core of the Gashouse Gang teams of the 1930s, including Pepper Martin, Dizzy Dean and Joe Medwick—players who were integral parts of the 1934 Cardinals team that won the World Series. The farm system operated by Rickey and Bartelme was so successful that Commissioner of Baseball Kenesaw Mountain Landis twice released over 70 of the Cardinals' minor leaguer players. Nevertheless, Rickey and Bartelme's farm system remained, and similar systems were adopted by every major league team within a few years.Sacramento Solons When the Cardinals purchased the Sacramento Solons of the Pacific Coast League in December 1935, <mask> was sent to California to take over as the club president. <mask> was president of the Solons from January 1936 until February 1944, when the Cardinals pulled out of their interest in the Sacramento club. The Oakland Tribune noted that Bartelme was "one of the finest men in baseball and is well liked in Sacramento." The Tribune's sports editor, Lee Dunbar, referred to Bartelme as "one of my favorite people." Brooklyn Dodgers After the Cardinals sold the Solons, Bartelme was again hired by his old friend, Branch Rickey, who had then taken over as president of the Brooklyn Dodgers. Bartelme remained in Sacramento and became a scout for the Dodgers in California. Family and death Bartelme died on May 3, 1954 in Carmel, California at age 75.He was survived by his wife Mina Chase <mask>. References 1879 births 1954 deaths University of Michigan alumni Michigan Wolverines athletic directors Sportspeople from Chicago

Francis Harrison Pierpont

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<mask> (January 25, 1814March 24, 1899), called the "Father of West Virginia," was an American lawyer and politician who achieved prominence during the American Civil War. During the conflict's first two years, <mask> served as Governor of the Restored Government of Virginia and in this capacity administered the part of Virginia then under Unionist control (i.e. future West Virginia) prior to West Virginia's admission to the Union as a separate state. After recognizing the creation of West Virginia, <mask> continued to serve as Governor of the Restored Government, although for the remainder of the war the degree of civil authority he was able to exercise was extremely limited. Having claimed to be the legitimate Governor of Virginia for the duration of the conflict, <mask> assumed civil control of the state's entire post-1863 territory following the dissolution of the Confederacy and continued to serve as Governor during the early years of Reconstruction. In recognition of his significance to its state history, in 1910 the state of West Virginia donated a marble statue of <mask> as the second of its two contributions to the U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection. Early life He was the third son of <mask>eirpoint and was born at the Peirpoint "Plantation" in the "Forks of Cheat" on the Morgantown-Ices Ferry Road, Monongalia County.His middle name, "<mask>," was added later by the boy's father in honor of his commanding officer, General William Henry <mask>. <mask>, the original family name, was altered to Peirpoint in the land office at Richmond, Virginia in issuing patents for land deeded to his grandfather, <mask> (1742-1796) who grew up in Fairfax County, Virginia and attended the Fairfax Friends Meeting, but left to enlist in the Revolutionary Army, then after it ended moved west to Morgantown, West Virginia. Virginia lawyers advised the family that in order to hold their grandfather's land they must spell their last name as recorded in the patent. Thus <mask> used the name "Peirpoint" throughout all of his life. <mask> also utilized Peirpoint throughout most of his adult life, including during his terms as the Civil War and Reconstruction Governor of Virginia. In 1880, when President Garfield appointed him Collector of Internal Revenue, Peirpoint sent his name to the U.S. Senate as <mask><mask>. <mask> writes that "He consented to the change of his name because it was right."While Frank was a boy, his family moved their leatherworking business to what is today Marion County, West Virginia. He was a great-grandson of Morgantown's founder Zackquill Morgan. <mask> was educated in a one-room schoolhouse and by his own reading. <mask> became linked with the region's history for the rest of his life. After walking to Pennsylvania, he enrolled in and graduated from Allegheny College. Later, he taught school in Harrison County. Then he traveled and became an abolitionist after seeing slavery's abuses in Mississippi.He returned home to Fairmont and handled the family's tanning business as well as became active in the Methodist Church and began studying law. He was admitted to the bar in 1841. In 1848, <mask> became the local attorney for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Before entering politics, he also helped found Fairmont Male and Female Seminary, the forerunner to Fairmont State University. Political career Civil war An active supporter of Abraham Lincoln, <mask> became more involved in politics as an outspoken opponent of Virginia's secession from the Union. When Virginia seceded and entered the war, delegates from the northwestern counties of Virginia, which refused to join the Confederacy, met at the Wheeling Convention. Declaring that their elected officials had abandoned their posts, a rump government was established in Wheeling, with <mask> as the provisional Governor.Claiming to be the legitimate government of the entire Commonwealth of Virginia, the "Restored Government" drafted a new Virginia Constitution and sent representatives to the Union Congress. The Second Wheeling Convention met on June 11, 1861, and on June 20, 1861, it unanimously elected <mask> governor of the Restored Government of Virginia with the recognition of President Lincoln. In 1862, <mask> attended the Loyal War Governors' Conference in Altoona, Pennsylvania, organized by Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin, which ultimately backed Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Union war effort. <mask> was again elected governor for a four-year term on May 28, 1863, by the legislature. Under <mask>'s leadership, the Wheeling government called for a popular vote on the question of the creation of a new separate state. Despite a lack of overwhelming support and widespread fraud in the voting process, the Restored Government pressed the U.S. Congress for statehood, which also approved the issue. The new state took the name West Virginia and was admitted into the Union in 1863.A lifelong West Virginian, <mask> had hoped to become the new state's first governor. However, the Lincoln administration was keen to ensure the continuity of the Restored Government was not disrupted and made clear it would not countenance <mask> leaving his post unless a suitable successor could be found, who for political reasons would have had to been a man with roots in the Commonwealth's post-1863 borders who was loyal to the Union, willing to recognize West Virginia, qualified to serve as a state governor and yet also willing to accept an office that it appeared would be little more than a figurehead position for an indeterminate period of time. As no viable candidate willing to succeed <mask> could be found, Arthur I. Boreman was elected governor for West Virginia while <mask> reluctantly remained Governor of the "restored" state of Virginia. From 1863 until 1865, the <mask> administration's de facto control was limited to those parts of the Commonwealth not claimed by West Virginia that were held by Federal arms - specifically, several Northern Virginia, Norfolk area and Eastern Shore counties. While <mask> claimed Richmond as the official state capital (as his administration had done since 1861), the de facto seat of government was established in Alexandria for the remainder of the Civil War. The pro-Confederate state government in Richmond maintained its claim to the Commonwealth's antebellum borders and administered the regions of the Commonwealth still held under Confederate arms - at the time of West Virginia's statehood this included at least some measure of control about thirteen counties claimed by the newly admitted state. In 1864 <mask> called a Constitutional Convention in Alexandria that recognized West Virginia and abolished slavery, and promulgated the civil Constitution in force in Virginia until 1869.On May 9, 1865, one month after the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, President Andrew Johnson recognized <mask> as the Governor of Virginia. <mask> immediately re-located the seat of government to Richmond. Reconstruction <mask> followed a policy of forgiveness to those politicians who had served in the Confederate military and government. The Virginia government started to pass laws restoring ex-Confederates to their lost privileges, to the displeasure of most former Union Republicans. As the South became increasingly resistant to Reconstruction after the war, the United States Congress passed the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867. Through this Act, Virginia was designated the "First Military District" in 1868, and military commander John Schofield replaced <mask> with Henry H. Wells until state delegates could write and enact a new constitution could be enacted. According to the Civil War historian Richard Lowe, Hiram Bond, a former Vanderbilt family functionary and friend of Grant, planned the removal of <mask> and installation of Welles.<mask> became one of the key figures in the Virginia constitutional convention of 1867–1868, which resulted in the Underwood Constitution of 1869. After this, <mask> left Virginia politics and returned to his law practice in West Virginia. <mask> subsequently was elected to one term in the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1870, but lost his seat when the Democrats took control of the state. His last public office was as collector of Internal Revenue under President James Garfield. After his retirement, he helped create the West Virginia Historical Society, as well as served as President of the Methodist Protestant Church. Death and legacy He died at his daughter's home in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on March 24, 1899. Three years later, his remains were relocated to Woodlawn Cemetery in Fairmont, West Virginia.They reside next to those of his wife Julia and three of their four children. A monument to <mask> was installed in Wheeling on West Virginia Day in 2015. See also Charles Henry Ambler – Premier Pierpont biographer and preeminent historian of West Virginia References Further reading Ambler, Charles H. <mask><mask>: Union War Governor and Father of West Virginia (1937), the standard scholarly biography Downing, David C. A South Divided: Portraits of Dissent in the Confederacy. Nashville: Cumberland House, 2007. Hearne, Julian G. Some Unknown Facts of American History: The Saga of Governor <mask>. McClain Printing Company, 1987. External links <mask><mask> in Encyclopedia Virginia "A Guide to the Francis H. Pierpont Restored Government Executive Papers, 1861-1865", The Library of Virginia "A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor <mask> <mask>, 1865-1868", The Library of Virginia "A Guide to the Executive letter book of Governor <mask><mask>, 1861-1864.", The Library of Virginia West Virginia & Regional History Center, WVU Libraries's <mask>, <mask> (1814-1899), Papers 1811-1949 Klos, Stanley Y., The Father of West Virginia: A Perplexing Name Change. 1814 births 1899 deaths 19th-century American educators 19th-century American lawyers 19th-century American politicians 19th-century Methodists Allegheny College alumni American people of Welsh descent Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Fairmont, West Virginia) Delegates of the 1861 Wheeling Convention Governors of Virginia Internal Revenue Service people Lawyers from Morgantown, West Virginia Members of the West Virginia House of Delegates Methodists from West Virginia Morgan family of West Virginia People from Fairmont, West Virginia People of West Virginia in the American Civil War Politicians from Morgantown, West Virginia Republican Party state governors of the United States Schoolteachers from West Virginia Southern Unionists in the American Civil War Virginia lawyers Virginia Republicans West Virginia lawyers West Virginia Republicans

Daniel Bernardi

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<mask> (born June 16, 1964) is a Professor of Cinema at San Francisco State University, founder and President of El Dorado Films and Commander in the United States Navy Reserve. Bernardi earned a Bachelor of Arts in Radio-TV (1984) and a Masters of Arts in Media Arts (1988) from the University of Arizona. He went on to earn a PhD in Film and Television Studies from UCLA (1994). He completed a University of California postdoctoral research fellowship in 1997. His main academic interests are media studies, narrative theory, critical race theory, and rumors as narrative IEDS. His work in media, which is perhaps most well known, emphasizes whiteness as a historical formation of meanings. Borrowing from Michael Omi and Howard Winant's theory of racial formation, he argues that whiteness is a historically powerful set of meanings that serves to either implicitly or explicitly dominate the shifting and reforming meaning of race in U.S. media.<mask> is also a documentary filmmaker. His current body of work focuses on telling the veteran story. One of his more recent films, The American War (2018), tells the story of the Vietnam War from the perspective of the Vietcong. Another used discovered archival footage to tell the story of first World War, and is titled The War to End all Wars. Both films are distributed by Journeyman Pictures. Career <mask> has taught film, television and new media at UC Riverside (1997–1998), UCLA (1999-2000), Arizona State University (1999-2011), and SFSU (2011–Present). He was awarded a Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellowship (1994), a UC President's Post-Doctoral Fellowship (1995–1997), and a Fulbright Fellowship (2009).His deployment to Iraq prevented his acceptance of the Fulbright Fellowship. From 1998 to 2000, he worked for the Sci-Fi Channel as a consultant, writer and producer/host of the web feature Future Now (since deleted). <mask>i has earned a reputation of notoriety among the more avid Star Trek fans due to his writings about the role of race in the films. <mask> is also an officer in the United States Navy Reserves. He has served at sea on the , the , the , and the , as well as at shore in Italy, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and at the Pentagon with the Chief of Navy Information. From May 2009 to February 2010 he was recalled to Active Duty in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom for ten months. In Iraq, Bernardi served with US Special Forces as the Public Affairs Officer for Special Operations Task Force-Central, where he trained Iraqi Special Operations Forces (ISOF) and Emergency Response Brigade (ERB) Soldiers on combat camera and media operations.He also managed US media embeds, including CNN, NBC and AP, and US Army and US Navy journalists and photographers. In 2011 he returned to Active Duty for nine months and served as the Mission Public Affairs Officer for Pacific Partnership 2011, an annual humanitarian assistance initiative sponsored by the U.S. Pacific Fleet. Bernardi managed a team of military (U.S., Australian and New Zealand) and NGO (Project Hope) photographers, videographers and writers assigned to document and report on the mission. Following his tour in Iraq and the South Pacific, Bernardi, working with a larger research team including H. L. (Bud) Goodall Jr., received a $1.6 million renewable grant from the Office of Naval Research to catalogue and study the impact rumors have on counterinsurgency operations. As an example, when multinational forces began a cattle vaccination program in 2005, a rumor spread among the Iraqis that U.S. forcers were poisoning their livestock. Though they had intended on using modern medicine to protect their food supplies, the rumor completely disarmed their efforts. In order to combat such debilitating narratives, Bernardi and his team worked to create a comprehensive database of known Islamist narratives and reveal how these narratives are used to influence populations in the Middle East and North Africa.The hope is that expeditionary forces would have access to these narratives and, through the team's analysis' on hand, work against them. In 2012, Bernardi launched the Veteran Documentary Corps (VDC) project. Founded by donations and grants, the VA and National Cemetery Administration including, VDC produces and exhibits short documentaries on the struggles and successes of veterans from across the world. To-date, VDC has produced and distributed fifty short documentaries on veterans dealing with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the fall-out of the former "don't ask, don't tell" policy, and a range of other topics. The films are made by professional filmmakers. Bernardi acts as executive producer. He has also directed two of the films, one on Tim Koches (Vietnam War) and one on Michael Blackwell (Iraq War).Blackwell was a Combat Camera photographer that served with Bernardi in the U.S. Iraq War. Bernardi directed many of the films, including Sissle's Syncopated Regime (2019). Many of the films in the series are directed by professional filmmakers, including Jesse Moss, Andrés Gallegos, Sylvia Turchin, Eliciana Nascimento, among others. The Veteran Documentary Corps was met with wide acclaim, and was received positively from veterans and the public alike. Created in 2018 by Bernardi, El Dorado Films brought superior talent and organization to the Veteran Documentary Corps' mission of creating 100 'shorts' by 2020. Bibliography As author Off the Page: Screenwriting in the Era of Media Convergence (co-author). 2017.University of California Press. Examines the business and craft of screenwriting in the era of media convergence. <mask>i and Julian Hoxter use the recent history of screenwriting labor coupled with close analysis of scripts in the context of the screenwriting paraindustry—from “how to write a winning script” books to screenwriting software—to explore the state of screenwriting today. They address the conglomerate studios making tentpole movies, expanded television, Indiewood, independent animation, microbudget scripting, the video games industry, and online content creation. Designed for students, producers, and writers who want to understand what studios want and why they want it, this book also examines how scripting is developing in the convergent media, beneath and beyond the Hollywood tentpole. By addressing specific genres across a wide range of media, this essential volume sets the standard for anyone in the expanded screenwriting industry and the scholars that study it. Narrative Landmines: Rumors, Islamist Extremism, and the Struggle for Strategic Influence Rumors (co-authored).2012. Rutgers University Press. <mask> and his co-authors characterize rumors as bits and pieces of prevailing narrative systems and local cultural artifacts, and that their anonymous origin and dubious truth claims afford them a type of concealment until their effects are known and the damage is done. Focusing on the impact of rumors on counterinsurgency operations (Iraq), counter terrorism whisper campaigns (Indonesia), and civil disobedience online (Singapore), they argue that rumors are narrative IEDs, or Improvised Explosive Device, in that they're constructed of locally available materials and hidden in the landscape until detonation. <mask> and his co-authors see rumors as similarly ad hoc, constructed of bits and pieces of narrative systems, and lying unseen to the military information operator, diplomat, civic outreach coordinator, or business strategist until exploding and disrupting expensive and highly wrought communication campaigns. Star Trek and History: Race-ing Toward a White Future". 1998.Rutgers University Press. Bernardi traces the shifting and reforming meaning of race articulated throughout the Star Trek television series, feature films, and fan community, investigating and, in his word, "politicizing" the presentation of race in Star Trek in the original series of the 1960s, the feature films and television spin-offs of the 1980s and 1990s, and the current fan community on the Internet. Through both critical and historical analysis, he proposes a method of studying the framing of race in popular film and television that integrates sociology, critical theory and cultural studies. Bernardi goes on to examine the representational and narrative functions of race in Star Trek and explores how the meaning of "race" in the science fiction series has been facilitated or constrained by creative and network decision-making, by genre, by intertextuality, and by fans. He interprets how the changing social and political movements of the times have influenced the production and meaning of "Trek" texts and the ways in which the ongoing series negotiated and reflected these turbulent histories. Unpopular with many Trekkers, Star Trek and History went into a second printing after a year of its original publication. Other readers feel Bernardi apologies for Star Trek's racial vision.As editor Race in American Film: Voices and Visions That Shaped a Nation, Volumes I, II and III. (co-editor). 2017. Greenwood Publishers. Hollywood's Chosen People: The Jewish Experience in American Cinema(co-edited). 2012. Wayne State University Press.Filming Difference: Actors, Directors, Producers and Writers on Gender, Race and Sexuality in Film. 2009. University of Texas Press. The Persistence of Whiteness. 2007. Routledge. Classic Hollywood/Classic Whiteness.2001. University of Minnesota Press. The Birth of Whiteness: Race and the Emergence of U.S. Cinema. 1996. Rutgers University Press. In these books, Bernardi relies on a range of scholars to show how race in general and whiteness in particular formed unique representational, narrational, and institutional patterns across U.S. film history. The introductions to each book set out a broad theory of whiteness in American film that, in brief, positions whiteness as a performance about who passes and who doesn't pass as white — and what it means in specific films and periods of film history to either pass or not pass as white.The last book in the series, Filming Difference, includes essays and interviews by filmmakers who address critically and creatively how they go about representing race, gender and sexuality in their work. . As filmmaker VALOR Film Series: Stories that honor our country's heroes and their accomplishments. Legacy Films (Made in partnership with the National Cemetery Administration): A series of short films on veterans buried in San Francisco and Golden Gate National Cemeteries– from stories of service in Civil War to Buffalo Soldier, from WWI to Vietnam to Iraq. Noble Sissle's Syncopated Ragtime: In this Academy Awards eligible documentary, Noble Sissle's incredible life spans "The Harlem Hellfighters" of World War I, Broadway Theatre, the civil rights movement, and decades of Black cultural production in this short documentary. Guy Hircefeld, A Guy with a Camera: In this Academy Awards eligible documentary, Guy Hircefeld, a veteran that served in the Israeli military at the start of its occupation of Palestine in the 1980s, now fights against Israeli occupation, ethnic cleansing, and environmental warfare. His only weapon is a camera. Nurse Helen Fairchild: Bravery, Compassion and the will to save lives motivated the young Nurse Helen Fairchild to leave home in Pennsylvania and embark on a journey to Europe, where she served as a surgical nurse during the World War I. Frank Maselskis: from WWII POW to Chosin Reservoir Survivor: A prisoner of war in World War II, Frank Maselskis decides to join the Korean War, where he participates in the battle of Chosin, a brutal combat that took place in the most extreme weather conditions. Alene B. Duerk: The First Woman Admiral: Alene B. Duerk: The First Woman Admiral is a short documentary that tells the story of how Alene Duerk overcame gender stereotypes in the military to accomplish the highest rank ever achieved by a woman in the history of the US Navy.As producer Women in Science: Iliana Nossa (The Ionosphere) & Anne Virkki (Near Earth Asteroids), two female scientists at Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico. Cemetery Profiles and Field Notes: In this series, we hope to tell the story of our National Cemeteries. Veteran Documentary Corps shot these films in late April 2019 as part of our partnership with the National Cemetery Administration. All films are available on our social media platforms. Madame Mars is a short film about women in space. As a new space age dawns, have women come far enough to go farther than they ever have before? Women have faced challenges while trying to study and explore Mars– from early space age pioneers to those currently working.Objector directed by Molly Stuart tells the story of Atalya Ben Abba. Like all Israeli teenagers, Atalya Ben Abba is obligated to become a soldier. Unlike most, she questions the ethics of her country's military and becomes determined to challenge this rite of passage. Objector follows Atalya through her conscientious objection, imprisonment, and beyond, as she attempts to reconcile her Jewish identity, her love for her family and her homeland, and her dedication to Palestinian rights Selected publications <mask>, <mask>. The Birth of Whiteness: Race and the Emergence of U.S. Cinema. 1996. Rutgers University Press.<mask>, <mask>. Star Trek and History: Race-ing Toward a White Future. 1998. Rutgers University Press. <mask>, <mask>. "Where's the Beef?" Flow On-line, Volume 2.April 1, 2005. "Narrative Landmines: The Explosive Effects of Rumors in Syria and Insurgencies Around the World". Small Wars Journal. March 21, 2013. Word:ChristChurch, Autumn Season 2017. "James Gleick: Time Travel Feat. James Gleick, Dr <mask> (interviewer)".Audiomack. July 19, 2017. "Prof. <mask>i on Star Trek and Race." (interview with Bernardi) Trekdom - Star Trek Fanzine''. June 25, 2007. "Lt. Cmdr. <mask>i."In Depth Show. Federal News Radio. January 10, 2014. Radio. References Film theorists American mass media scholars United States Navy personnel of the Iraq War Living people 1964 births People from San Juan, Puerto Rico Puerto Rican United States Navy personnel Arizona State University faculty UCLA Film School alumni University of Arizona alumni United States Navy officers United States Navy reservists

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<mask> (, ; born 25 November 1981) is a Spanish football manager and former professional player who played as a central or defensive midfielder. He is the manager of Segunda División club Real Sociedad B. <mask> began his career at Real Sociedad, the main team of his home province Gipuzkoa. After a brief loan period at Eibar, he was appointed as team captain of Real Sociedad by then-manager John Toshack. He succeeded in the role, taking the club to second place in the 2002–03 season. He moved to Liverpool in August 2004 for £10.5 million and won the UEFA Champions League in his first season, under manager Rafael Benítez, scoring the equalising goal in the Final against Milan. The following season, he won the FA Cup and the FA Community Shield. He moved to Real Madrid for the start of the 2009–10 season in a deal worth around £30 million.After winning honours including a league title in 2012 and the Champions League in 2014 during five seasons in Madrid, he was signed by German club Bayern Munich on a two-year contract. This was extended by a further year, and he eventually retired from playing in summer 2017, aged 35, having won the Bundesliga in each of his three seasons with Bayern. He made his international debut for Spain in April 2003 in a 4–0 victory against Ecuador. While playing for Spain, <mask> won Euro 2008, Euro 2012 and the 2010 World Cup, and he also represented his country at Euro 2004 and the 2006 World Cup. On 23 June 2012, <mask> won his 100th cap for Spain in the quarter-final of Euro 2012 against France; he celebrated the occasion by scoring both of Spain's goals to send them into the semi-finals. Following Spain's failure to progress out of the group stages at the 2014 World Cup, <mask> retired from international football on 27 August 2014. His 114 caps make him the seventh-most capped player in the nation's history.Early years <mask> was born in the small town of Tolosa, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, into a family known for its footballing prowess. His father, Periko <mask>, won La Liga twice in successive seasons with Real Sociedad and a third time after he joined Barcelona. He also featured in the national team, winning 21 caps over the course of his career. <mask> <mask> lived in the city of Barcelona for the first six years of his life and moved to San Sebastián (Donostia) thereafter. It was here that his passion for football began as he whiled away his childhood playing at Playa de la Concha (Shell Beach). On the Basque sands, <mask> befriended a fellow resident of Calle Matia, Mikel Arteta, and the two would battle each other in exhibitions of technical ability. He was immersed in football and his father would often bring him and his older brother, Mikel, to CE Sabadell's training ground to practice together.<mask> was influenced by his father's playing, taking more pleasure in passing the ball well than shooting at goal. At an early age, he decided to play as a defensive midfielder, a role which helped him learn how to distribute the ball well. This talent would later prove to be an integral part of his club and international career. At age 15, <mask> went to the Irish town of Kells, County Meath, on a school exchange programme to learn English. <mask> and Arteta were ambitious and dreamed of playing alongside each other for Real Sociedad when they were older. Though they attended different schools, the two young players joined forces at the local youth side Antiguoko, playing games at the weekend. Their performances attracted the attention of scouts from top Spanish sides and the young Donostiarras separated ways, ending nine years of friendly rivalry, as <mask> went to Real Sociedad and Arteta moved to Catalan giants Barcelona.<mask>'s move to Real Sociedad, however, was not a companionless one, as his older brother Mikel, who had also become an adept player, joined the club together with him. Club career Real Sociedad Alonso quickly progressed through the youth ranks and the reserve team at Real Sociedad (winning the regionalised fourth tier in his single season with the latter) and impressed enough to earn a first team debut at the age of 18. He made his first senior appearance against Logroñés in December 1999 in a Copa del Rey match. <mask> failed to make another appearance in the season but the following year brought more opportunities. At the beginning of the 2000–01 season, Javier Clemente sent him to Segunda División team Eibar to gain experience. <mask>'s father particularly felt the move to the smaller club improved him as a player. A quick turnover of managers, however, including a two-month period with Periko <mask> in charge, left Real Sociedad in a dire situation.By January 2001, Real Sociedad were bottom of the league and its new manager, John Toshack, turned to the prodigious <mask> in the hope of reversing the team's fortunes. In a surprise move, the Welsh manager made the 20-year-old the team captain, a position traditionally held by more senior players. By the end of the season, Sociedad had climbed out of the relegation zone and finished in 14th place. Toshack lauded <mask>, noting that the impression he had on the team was exceptional, especially for a player from the youth team. Under the tutelage of John Toshack, <mask>'s captaincy marked a resurgence of form for Real Sociedad. Toshack recognised <mask>'s potential and invested much time in his young captain, creating a training method designed to improve his touch and control specifically for him. The team cemented its mid-table position in the 2001–02, finishing in 13th place.<mask> appeared consistently in La Liga with 30 appearances over the course of the season and also scored his first league goal, finishing with a season total of three. Real Sociedad's management changed again in the summer of 2002 with the arrival of Raynald Denoueix, but <mask> kept his place in the first team on the strength of his past performances. The 2002–03 season was the club's best league performance since the 1981–82 season, in which they won the league. The Basque team finished second, two points behind Real Madrid, setting a club record for their highest ever points total, and qualifying for the UEFA Champions League for the first time. <mask> received much praise for his role in the team's success and was given the Best Spanish Player award by Spanish sports magazine Don Balón. In addition, <mask> significantly contributed to the team's goal tally, scoring 12 goals in all competitions. His performances earned <mask> national repute and Iñaki Sáez, the coach of the Spanish national team, called him up for La Selección.<mask> made his international debut in April 2003 in a 4–0 friendly win over Ecuador. Sáez raved over <mask>, saying, "He has a fantastic range of accurate passing [and] sees football with an extraordinary clarity." The 2003–04 season comprised mixed results for <mask> and his San Sebastián club. <mask> revelled in the opportunity to perform in Europe, appearing in all the team's games, and Real Sociedad qualified for the knockout phase of the Champions League. The team struggled under the pressure of the extra matches, however, and were promptly knocked out of the tournament by Lyon and finished 15th in La Liga. The combination of <mask>'s outstanding performances and the team's poor league finish made a move away from Anoeta Stadium inevitable. Despite interest from La Liga champions Real Madrid, <mask> remained committed to Real Sociedad.Madrid failed to meet the £13 million price tag that José Luis Astiazarán, the Real Sociedad president, had placed on <mask> and the deal reached a stalemate. <mask> had other concerns and focused on international duty with Spain at UEFA Euro 2004. Despite the fact that <mask>'s appearance at the tournament was brief, he caught the attention of retired footballer Jan Mølby, who was impressed with his precise passing abilities. The summer transfer window at Real Sociedad saw the arrival of <mask>'s childhood friend Mikel Arteta. Arteta was ecstatic at the prospect of partnering <mask> in midfield, but his excitement was short-lived. <mask> was not picked for Real Sociedad's pre-season friendlies, signalling that an offer by Liverpool was being treated seriously. The Basque side announced on 20 August 2004 that they had made a deal worth £10.7 million with Liverpool and <mask> had agreed terms with the Merseyside team.<mask> did not lament the fact that a move to Real Madrid had not materialised. Instead, he concentrated on integrating with the new Spanish contingent at Liverpool under the guidance of former Valencia manager Rafael Benítez. Liverpool 2004–05: Champions League victory <mask> arrived at Liverpool along with Luis García from Barcelona, marking the beginning of a new era at Anfield. New Liverpool manager Rafael Benítez sought to revolutionise the club and completely overhauled the squad, impressing his own management style and tactics upon the team. The technical Spaniards were Benítez's first signings and he remarked that their emphasis of skill over strength offered the team something different. <mask> made his Premier League debut for the Merseysiders against Bolton Wanderers at the Reebok Stadium on 29 August 2004. Liverpool lost the fixture 1–0 but <mask> was already receiving praise for his passing skills from the press.A Premier League tie away against Fulham displayed more of <mask>'s talents. Liverpool were losing 2–0 at half-time and Benítez brought on <mask> as a substitute after the break. He revived a deflated Liverpool and the game finished 2–4 to the Merseyside team. Furthermore, <mask> scored his first goal for the team from a free kick to bring Liverpool ahead of the opposition. <mask> continued to provide important goals for the club, scoring his first goal at Anfield against Arsenal in a 2–1 victory. <mask> was elated at the achievement and felt he was settling in well in England. The Arsenal game marked the return of Steven Gerrard from injury but <mask>'s midfield partnership with the team captain came to a halt when <mask> suffered his first setback at Liverpool.<mask>'s ankle was broken following a tackle from Frank Lampard in Liverpool's 0–1 home defeat against Chelsea on New Year's Day 2005 and the Spaniard was ruled out of action for three months. <mask> made his return to the first team in the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Juventus. <mask> was not at full fitness but, as Steven Gerrard was injured, he played for the full 90 minutes and Liverpool held the score at 0–0 in Italy, defeating the eventual Italian champions on aggregate. Kevin McCarra of The Guardian paid testament to <mask>'s skill and dedication to the game, saying, "This marvellously accomplished footballer testified in the Stadio delle Alpi that technique can overcome a serious physical disadvantage." In the next round against Chelsea, <mask> received a yellow card in a tense and scrappy 0–0 draw at Stamford Bridge, making him suspended for the following fixture. <mask> was distraught that he would miss the game and vehemently contested the referee's decision to no avail. Gerrard returned from injury for the second leg, however, and the captain steered his team to a 1–0 win with the help of a Luis García goal, qualifying for the final against Milan.Liverpool's fifth-place finish in the Premiership left much to be desired but debut season glory still awaited <mask> in the form of the Champions League final. The team fell three goals behind Milan but completed a dramatic second-half comeback. Liverpool, trailing 3–2, were awarded a penalty and it was decided that <mask> would take the spot kick. While Dida, Milan's acclaimed Brazilian goalkeeper, managed to save the penalty <mask> fired the rebound into the roof of the net, bringing the score to 3–3. Extra time passed without a goal from either team and Liverpool won 3–2 in the penalty shootout. <mask> was praised for his pivotal influence on the team's comeback and manager Benítez reinforced his importance to the team. <mask> was ecstatic with the win, commenting, "This is the best moment in my professional career."The epic night was also recalled to be the 'Miracle of Istanbul'. 2005–06: FA Cup winner <mask> was ever-present in the first team in the 2005–06 season, largely avoiding injuries that had marred his first season at the club. The summer transfer window brought Peter Crouch to Liverpool and the striker's height sparked accusations that the team would change to long ball tactics. Crouch denied this, highlighting that <mask>'s passing ability, alongside Gerrard, would define Liverpool's style of play. <mask> faced more competition for his place in the form of new arrival Mohamed Sissoko. However, Steven Gerrard's injuries and Rafael Benítez's favouring of a 4–5–1 formation ensured <mask>'s place in the team. <mask> appeared in all of Liverpool's games in the Champions League but the dominance shown in the previous season had gone as the team lost to Benfica in the knockout stage.On 7 January 2006, in an FA Cup third-round tie against Luton Town, <mask> assisted Liverpool to a 5–3 comeback victory after being down 3–1 early in the second half. <mask> scored two impressive goals from distance: one from 45 yards, and the other 65 yards from goal; behind the half-way line. Consequently, <mask>'s goals marked a stroke of luck for a Liverpool fan who won £25,000 from a £200 bet on <mask> scoring from within his own half. <mask> suffered an ankle injury in a 1–3 away victory over Portsmouth, putting his participation in the FA Cup final in doubt. However, he recovered sufficiently to start the game against West Ham United and Gerrard scored Liverpool's third goal from <mask>'s free kick, pulling the team ahead of the opposition. <mask>, still affected by the injury, could not manage the entire 90 minutes and was substituted in the second half. Liverpool won on penalties without his help but <mask> still earned his first FA Cup winners' medal.2006–2009 On 20 September 2006, <mask> scored what the BBC described as "an outrageous strike" from his own half in a 2–0 Premiership win against Newcastle United. Andy Hunter of The Independent described it as "one of the most audacious goals in Anfield's rich 115-year history". <mask> rebutted claims that his 70-yard goal was all down to luck and stated that he took long range shots as part of his training routine. Despite the similarity of the goals struck from inside his own half, <mask> was in no doubt which was his best. He said, "I think this was better. The Luton goal bounced a few times, this one went quite straight. The Luton one was left-footed – it was different – but I am quite happy to score the goal."It was his first goal for Liverpool since the goal against Luton, making distinct history as the only outfield player in modern professional football history to score two consecutive goals from inside his own half of the pitch. On 8 June 2007, <mask> signed a five-year contract, stating, "I knew there was interest from other clubs but it was always my idea to stay here. I have been here for three seasons now and have such special feelings for the club and the supporters. I understand what Liverpool means to so many people. It is such a special club and I just didn't want to leave." The 2007–08 season started well for the Spaniard: Gerrard's absence led to <mask> playing in a more advanced position and he scored twice in a 6–0 rout against Premier League newcomers Derby County. The bright beginning was short-lived, however, as a minor injury sustained in a game against Portsmouth became aggravated in training.The metatarsal injury forced him out of training for six weeks but his return to the first team was rushed and his injury recurred in his first game back. <mask>'s determination and passion proved to be his downfall, and he later reflected, "I had been feeling a bit tired around that time because it was only my first game back and the match was very fast. But as a player you don't want to come off, particularly when the team is winning and I stayed on." <mask> returned from injury at December 2007, but over the following months he increasingly faced competition for a place in midfield from Javier Mascherano and Lucas. His role in Liverpool's five-man midfield role was assured, however, as Rafael Benítez regarded him as "a top class player", stating that <mask> had the ability to change games and break down the opposition's defence. <mask> made his 100th league appearance for Liverpool on 12 January 2008 against Middlesbrough. The 2008 summer transfer window suggested a move away from Merseyside, as Liverpool pursued England international Gareth Barry to replace <mask>.By the start of the 2008–09 season, neither <mask> or Barry had moved club but the drawn-out transfer saga had left the Spaniard feeling

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unsettled at Liverpool and unsure of his position in the team. However, the club's fans did much to restore his spirits, supporting him on and off the pitch, and <mask> responded to this, saying: "[The fans] couldn't have done more to show me how they felt... If I went out for lunch or a coffee, there was always someone who would come over and say, 'We'd love you to stay'. I'm just glad that, in the end, nothing came of it [the transfer] because it wasn't something I ever asked for." Despite the events of the summer, <mask> made a confident start to the season and both his peers and the press praised his strength of character, citing his influence as a factor in the team's strong opening to the season. <mask>'s importance to the team was further underlined when he scored the only goal, through a deflection, in a 0–1 victory against Chelsea, making Liverpool the first away team to win at Stamford Bridge in over four years. Statistical analysis reflected <mask>'s good form: on 11 December, figures from Opta Sports revealed that he was the first Premier League player to complete 1,000 successful passes in the season.His last goal for Liverpool came in their 1–3 away win at Hull City on 25 April, striking after his free kick deflected off the Hull wall. Real Madrid 2009–10 season <mask> completed his £30 million move to Real Madrid on 5 August 2009. It has been suggested that he never wanted to leave the Anfield side, with his contract existing until at least 2012, and that his departure was due to differences with Benítez. Former teammate Steven Gerrard said he was "devastated" by <mask>'s decision, and cited his departure as one of the reasons behind Liverpool's poor run of form at the start of the following season. <mask> was given the number 22 jersey in Madrid and played in a holding midfield position. He scored his first goal for his new team on 21 February 2010, a penalty against Villarreal in a 6–2 win. Unless he was injured or suspended, Manuel Pellegrini started <mask> in every match of the Champions League and in La Liga in his first season at Real Madrid.In La Liga, he helped the club finish with a club-record 96 points, three points behind winners Barcelona. It was the third time in <mask>'s career that he helped his team set a new club record in terms of points gathered, while finishing in second position (he achieved the same feat with Real Sociedad in 2002–03 and with Liverpool in 2008–09). During his first season at Real Madrid, <mask> scored three goals and was considered one of the club's "most consistent" players. Readers of Marca made him part of its La Liga team of the season, as their choice defensive midfielder; the only other Real Madrid player featured was Cristiano Ronaldo. <mask> received the same accolade from ESPN Soccernet. He was also a nominee in the LFP Awards, awards given out by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional, the Spanish Football league. <mask> was nominated in the Best Midfielder category, alongside Xavi and Javi Martínez.Several members of the Spanish press, as well as a number of Real Madrid supporters, gave <mask> a new nickname during the season: La Barba Roja ("The Red Beard"). 2010–11 season <mask>'s second season at Real Madrid started with the arrival of a new manager, José Mourinho. He was given the number 14 jersey after the departure of vice-captain Guti. He did not score any goals that whole season but was vital. While he believed that Real Madrid would win the league, the club only managed to win the Copa del Rey. 2011–12 season <mask> began his third season at Madrid by scoring the second goal in a 2–2 draw against Barcelona in the 2011 Supercopa de España at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. On 21 September 2011, he played his 100th official game for Real Madrid in the 0–0 draw against Racing de Santander.<mask> continued to be an undisputed force in the starting XI and ultimately claimed the first league title of his career. 2013–14: La Decima On 8 January 2014, <mask> signed a contract extension with Real Madrid, which would have kept him at the club until 2016. On 29 April 2014, Real Madrid defeated Bayern Munich 4–0 in the second leg of their Champions League semi-final to qualify for the final on a 5–0 aggregate win. <mask> received a yellow card after a sliding tackle on Bastian Schweinsteiger in the first half; as he already had two before the match, this ruled him out of the final. He claimed his second Champions League winners medal as Real defeated Atlético Madrid 4–1 in extra time. Bayern Munich On 29 August 2014, <mask> moved to Bayern Munich on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut the following day, starting in a 1–1 draw at Schalke 04.On 27 September 2014, in the match against 1. FC Köln, <mask> broke the record for most passes completed in a Bundesliga game, with 196. He scored his first goal for the club on 18 October 2014, a free kick in a 6–0 win over Werder Bremen. On 17 February 2015, in his 100th Champions League appearance, <mask> was sent-off for a second bookable offense in a 0–0 draw against Shakhtar Donetsk. <mask> was suspended for the return leg of the fixture, which Bayern won 7–0. <mask> would go on to record his fourth goal, another free kick, against Porto in the Champions League quarter-final. Bayern would go on to win 6–1, advancing to the semi-finals for a fourth-straight season on aggregate, 7–4.On 28 April 2015, <mask> was one of four Bayern players, all FIFA World Cup winners, to miss in a 2–0 penalty shootout defeat to Borussia Dortmund in the DFB-Pokal semi-final. He was also the only player to miss as the club lost the shootout at the end of the 2015 DFL-Supercup away to VfL Wolfsburg, his attempt being saved by goalkeeper Koen Casteels. On 18 December 2015, <mask> signed a new contract with Bayern, keeping him at the club until 2017. On 9 March 2017, <mask> confirmed via Twitter his retirement from the game at the end of the 2016–17 season. On 20 May 2017, <mask> and teammate, Bayern captain Philipp Lahm played their final professional game, in a 4–1 victory at home to Freiburg in which he assisted the opening goal for Arjen Robben. He was substituted off in the 82nd minute for Franck Ribéry. It was his 79th match in the German top-flight.International career Euro 2004 <mask> was a substitute in Spain's 1–0 victory against Russia and played a full 90 minutes against Portugal. Spain were eliminated in the group stage. 2006 World Cup <mask> was named in the Spanish squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup and he scored Spain's first goal of the tournament, his first international goal, against Ukraine on 14 June 2006. Despite a successful group phase, where Spain won all their games, <mask> did not achieve international glory as the team were beaten by the eventual finalists France in the first knockout stage of the tournament. Euro 2008 Liverpool's 2007–08 season finished trophyless but the opportunity to win honours awaited <mask> in the form of the Euro 2008 tournament. <mask> featured mainly as a substitute but, with key players resting, he captained Spain in the final group game against Greece, earning the man of the match award. Despite a strong performance, he could not attain a starting position in the team, highlighting Spain's strength in depth.Spain went on to win the tournament and he featured in four of Spain's six matches. Speaking to Spanish journalist Guillem Balagué, he said that Spain's victory was deserved and the players' teamwork had been crucial to the team's undefeated run in the tournament. The Basque was ecstatic at the achievement, declaring, "Right now, we're all just living the moment. It's incredible and we're all walking around in a dream. It's fantastic." <mask>'s international success continued as he scored twice in a 3–0 win in a friendly against Denmark in August. 2009 Confederations Cup After Spain were surprisingly eliminated from the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup by a defeat to the United States, <mask> and Spain faced South Africa in the third-place match.After 90 minutes, the game was deadlocked at 2–2, so extra time was added, where <mask> scored a free-kick in to the bottom corner of the goal to help Spain win third. 2010 World Cup <mask> started every game for Spain during the 2010 tournament, playing alongside Sergio Busquets and Xavi in midfield and helping his side to lift their first-ever World Cup trophy. In the 28th minute of the final against the Netherlands, he received a "Kung fu-style" kick to the chest from Dutch midfielder Nigel de Jong, the foul was controversial since it appeared to be a foul worthy of a straight red, but was only ruled out to be a yellow card given by referee Howard Webb. This left <mask> in pain and in fear of a broken rib. Despite this pain, he continued playing on for another hour. Euro 2012 On 23 June 2012, <mask> played his 100th match for Spain in the quarter-finals against France in which he scored both goals in a 2–0 victory. The first goal came after he headed a cross from the left flank delivered by Jordi Alba, while the second one came from a penalty kick given after Pedro was fouled by Anthony Réveillère in the dying seconds of the match.<mask>'s penalty in the semi-final shoot-out against Portugal was saved by Rui Patrício in which Spain went on to win 4–2 after a 0–0 draw in the game itself. Spain went on to beat Gianluigi Buffon and Italy 4–0 in the finals; this was <mask>'s third major title win with Spain. 2014 World Cup Spain were again amongst the favourites for cup victory in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, but had a very disappointing campaign that ended in the first round. <mask> scored a penalty in the 27th minute of their first match against the Netherlands, though he was substituted in the 62nd minute with Spain down 2–1. The match ultimately ended with a resounding 5–1 win for the Netherlands. Spain then suffered another defeat, this time falling 2–0 to Chile. In that match, <mask> received a yellow card in the first half and was substituted at half-time with the score already at 2–0.Spain were then eliminated from the tournament but did win their final match 3–0 against Australia and finished third in the group; <mask> played 83 minutes in the match. <mask> retired from international football on 27 August 2014. Basque Country <mask> made his debut for the Basque Country national team in a friendly against Ghana on 29 December 2001 and received regular call ups since, while – due to his busy club schedule – not always being able to appear. Most recently, <mask> appeared for Basque on 29 December 2012 in a 6–1 victory over Bolivia. Style of play A complete, consistent, hardworking and versatile midfielder, <mask> is regarded as one of the best midfielders of his generation, and was effective both creatively and defensively. Gifted with good technique, excellent vision, and varied passing range, he excelled in the centre in a deep-lying playmaking role, where he utilized his accurate long passing ability to create goal scoring chances for teammates; he also utilized a powerful and accurate shot from distance, and he was an effective set-piece and penalty kick taker. Due to his height, positioning, and physical characteristics, <mask> <mask> was also effective in the air, often contributing with headed goals from set pieces when he advanced into more offensive positions.In addition to his creative attributes, he was also capable of excelling as a defensive midfielder due to his strength and powerful physique, combined with his tenacity, tactical intelligence, aggressive tackling and his ability to read the game. He was at times criticised, however, for occasionally committing rash challenges and for his tendency to lose his composure and pick up unnecessary cards for particularly hard fouls. Regarding <mask>'s playing style, Jonathan Wilson noted in a 2013 article for The Guardian that he was an example of a more creative interpreter of the holding midfield role, who, "although capable of making tackles, focused on keeping the ball moving, occasionally raking long passes out to the flanks to change the angle of attack like an old-style regista." Since retiring, Steven Gerrard has claimed that he believes <mask> was the best midfielder he has ever played alongside. Moreover, in 2017, Pep Guardiola described <mask> as one of the best midfielders he had ever seen in his life. Coaching and managerial career In 2018, whilst completing his UEFA Elite coaching course alongside former teammates Raúl, Xavi, Víctor Valdés, and Joan Capdevila, <mask> returned to Real Madrid where he assumed a role coaching the Real Madrid U14s. Real Sociedad B Alonso was appointed manager of Segunda División B club Real Sociedad B on 1 June 2019, and began the role on 9 July 2019.In March 2021, despite being heavily linked to the soon-to-be vacant manager role at Borussia Mönchengladbach, <mask> signed a one-year extension with the club. In <mask>'s second season at Sanse, the club won promotion to the Segunda División, following a play-off win against Algeciras on 22 May 2021. The win signified Real Sociedad B's first season back in the Segunda División since 1961–62. Personal life <mask> was regarded as a quiet and friendly person by his former teammates at Liverpool. He is married to Nagore Aranburu and the couple have three children: Jontxu, Ane and Emma. <mask> stayed in Merseyside to be at her side while she gave birth, later saying, "It was a little frustrating to miss the match against Inter but I have to be with my family at times like these." His decision to place his family ahead of a Champions League tie caused much friction with former manager Rafael Benítez.On 30 March 2010, they had their second child, a girl named Ane <mask>u. Their third child and second daughter, <mask> Aranburu, was born on 2 December 2013. <mask> and former Arsenal player Mikel Arteta were neighbours on the same street while growing up in San Sebastián and also lived near each other in Liverpool. <mask> convinced Arteta to transfer to Everton after he told him how happy he was living in Liverpool. <mask> also helped persuade former Real Sociedad teammate Juan Ugarte to make a move to Wales by joining Wrexham in 2004. <mask>'s brother Mikel played for Spanish club Real Unión. He previously spent a season on loan at Bolton Wanderers in the 2007–08 season with an option for a permanent deal.However, the team opted not to extend the loan deal and he returned to Spain to train with <mask> <mask>'s former club, Real Sociedad. <mask> also has another brother involved in football, Jon, who works as a referee. <mask> is a Meath Gaelic football supporter. His interest in the Irish sport stems from the age of 15 when he went to the Irish town of Kells, County Meath, and stayed with a family to learn English, where he played it in his spare time. Even while playing at Real Madrid, <mask> has declared himself a Liverpool supporter and returns to watch games at Anfield when his schedule allows. He was quoted in The Times Online in 2011 as saying, "I am still a Liverpool fan and will be forever, absolutely" and that he will raise his Liverpool-born son as a Red supporter. Politics In 2009, <mask> <mask> criticised then-Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Gordon Brown's economic policy, in particular the devalued pound sterling and the 50% tax rate, warning that it has weakened English football and could drive top players away from the UK.Career statistics Club 1 Includes FIFA Club World Cup, FA Community Shield, Supercopa de España and DFL-Supercup. International the match against away against Equatorial Guinea in November 2013 although included in <mask>'s 114 caps is not considered a full international by FIFA (too many substitutions) but it is official for the RFEF Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each <mask> goal. players Real Madrid CF players FC Bayern Munich footballers Tercera División players Segunda División players La Liga players Premier League players Bundesliga players UEFA Champions League winning players Spain youth international footballers Spain under-21 international footballers Spain international footballers Basque Country international footballers UEFA Euro 2004 players 2006 FIFA World Cup players UEFA Euro 2008 players 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players 2010 FIFA World Cup players UEFA Euro 2012 players 2014 FIFA World Cup players UEFA European Championship-winning players FIFA World Cup-winning players FIFA Century Club Spanish expatriate footballers Spanish expatriate sportspeople in England Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Germany Expatriate footballers in England Expatriate footballers in Germany Spanish football managers Real Madrid CF non-playing staff Segunda División B managers Real Sociedad B managers FA Cup Final players Segunda División

Joyce K. Paul

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<mask> is a Bharatanatyam dancer, exercise physiologist, and anthropologist from India. Classically trained in Bharatanatyam from Kalakshetra, she is known for her technical acumen, rigour, and precision. <mask> had her initial dance training under Padmashri Leela Samson and further training under Prof C.V. Chandrasekhar and Janardhanan Sir among others. She has trained in Mohiniattam, the classical dance of Kerala. In 2003, she founded Arpan Performing Arts, an organization dedicated to promoting the folk and classical traditions of India, where she currently serves as its creative director. Education and training <mask> received her dance training under Bharatanatyam guru, Leela Samson, Prof. J.Janardhanan and Prof C. V. Chandrashekaran at Kalakshetra. She started her college education with an Honours degree in Zoology with specialization in Reproductive Biology while Masters saw her move on to studying the evolution of man in time and space.She completed her PhD in Exercise Physiology from the Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, during which she specialized in the anthropology of performance. She published papers on 'Dance Related Injuries Among Bharatnatyam Dancers' and also on 'Pattern of Subcutaneous Fat Distribution, Its Variation with Age Among Young Rajput Females of Pauri Garhwal, India.' Her thesis is the first scientific study of Bharatanatyam dancers in India. Her publications have been included in JOPERD, Indian Anthropologist, Femina, Nation and the World, and the Journal of Human Ecology/ She is also a certified Instructional Designer with additional SEI-CMM Level 5 and ISO 9001 certification. In 2010, <mask> further completed certificates in basic broadcasting and community radio journalism. In 2019 she successfully completed an executive program in “Mastering Design Thinking” from the MIT Sloane School of Business. IT industry career <mask> spent about 15 years of her corporate career working for NIIT India Ltd and Microsoft Corporation as an Instructional Designer, Content Publisher, User Researcher and Business Intelligence Analyst.Dance/performing arts career She started her teaching career by teaching private Bharatanatyam classes as early as 1990 with the blessings of her Guru (Padmashri) Leela Samson. She taught classes to corporate clients during the years 1996 to 1998 doing seminars on communication using dance as a body language. She has also assisted teaching (Bharatanatyam classes) at Kalashram Trust, New Delhi, founded and directed by Kathak exponent Pandit Birju Maharaj. After moving to Redmond, Washington to join Microsoft in 2001, she founded her own dance company called Arpan Performing Arts. Her mission focuses on building awareness through the performing arts about social issues such as nature conservancy, domestic violence, mental health, and body image. Involved in outreach, she has partnered with local organizations such as the Kirkland Performance Center, Seattle Art Museum, Seattle Town Hall, Tasveer, Pratidhwani, Ragamala, and Northwest FolkLife. She created and curated the "Incredible Dances of India" for Seattle's Northwest Folklife Festival, which is running now in its sixth season.She was the first Indian-American Bharatanatyam Dancer to be featured in Seattle's Town Hall. This achievement is commemorated with a permanent signed poster which sits on the walls of Seattle's Town Hall. <mask> has performed extensively over the last 17 years. In 2003, she performed in "Dance to the Music" at Town Hall, In 2004 and 2007, she performed at Utsav and she also performed for Seattle's Partners in Preservation Initiative She was selected to be an invited choreographer at the Seattle ACT theater's rendition of the Ramayana in September 2012 and performed at a fundraising event in efforts to help save the Heritage Building of Town Hall. She shares her thoughts about choreography as a process in an interview at Penn State's Sangeet Samvad. <mask> presented a poster at the 4th National Dance Association conference on Pedagogy, Wellness, and Healing in July 2012 titled "Healing through Angika Abhinaya and Rasanubhava" (Virginia, USA). She served as a presenter and guest speaker at the Dance and the Child International conference (daCi) in 2014.In the last ten years, <mask> has served as a guest lecturer at the University of Washington and as an adjunct faculty member at Cornish College of the Arts and as faculty for the Academy Program at the Spectrum Dance Theatre. She was featured among the top 7 artists selected in a University of Washington Oral History project focusing on preserving the performing arts among the South Asian Community which premiered on December 9, 2019. The film, detailed interviews, and dance videos are available at the UW Library Archives. In November 2019, <mask> was featured in MOHAI Seattle's exhibit "Beyond Bollywood - Indian Americans who have shaped the nation," an ongoing exhibit until January 2020. In 2019, <mask> founded the Socially Conscious Artists Foundation (SCARF) whose mission is to create and foster art that brings awareness around social issues to galvanize change. Her recent January 2020 partnership with the Museum of History and Industry (MOHAI) for a conference entitled “A celebration of South Asian Resilience” featured an excerpt of her upcoming production mUrChati, and was called “BuddhiBhrama-- a mind disturbed." The work featured local artists and students of Arpan Performing Arts.<mask> has served or is currently serving on the executive boards for the following organizations: YMCA, YWCA, Abhivyakti KaryaShala, Ragamala, Kirkland Performance Center, Seattle World Percussion Society, and SCARF. Arangetrams and Choreographies BuddhiBhrama (2020) Arangetram of Shishya Stepanka (2019) Arangetram of Shishya Akshata (2018) Arangetram of Shishya Devanshi (2017) Arangetram of Shishya Savitha (2016) Yavanika: Veiled Perspectives (2014) previewed at Kirkland Performance Center, WA Arangetram of Shishya Nivedita (2013) Arangetram of Shishya Meera (2011) Arangetram of Shishya Veena (2010) LayaSamvaad (2009) opened at Ehsaas 2009 Kalaprayanam (2007) at Ehsaas 2007 Kalaprayanam (2005) previewed at Northwest FolkLife Festival, Seattle, WA Tillana in ragam Maand first performed at Town Hall (March 2003) for Dance to the Music series. <mask>i, Himachali folk dances, Dandiya, Garbha and other folk dances of India. References External links http://www.joycekpaul.com https://scarf.global/shows https://www.arpanarts.org https://mohai.org/exhibits/beyond-bollywood-indian-americans-shape-the-nation https://scarf.global Living people Performers of Indian classical dance Bharatanatyam exponents Delhi University alumni Exercise physiologists Kalakshetra Foundation alumni Dancers from Delhi Women artists from Delhi Year of birth missing (living people)

George Kaiser

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<mask> (born July 29, 1942) is an American billionaire businessman. He is the chairman of BOK Financial Corporation in Tulsa, Oklahoma. As of September 2021, he is the 476th richest person in the world and was, in 2012, one of the top 50 American philanthropists. Early life <mask> was born on July 29, 1942 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He attended Central High School in Tulsa. He earned a BA from Harvard College in 1964 and an MBA from the Harvard Business School in 1966. He briefly considered joining the U.S. Foreign Service, but instead returned to Tulsa in 1966 to work for his father.Kaiser-Francis Oil Co. was created in the 1940s by <mask>'s uncle and parents, Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany who settled in Oklahoma. <mask>'s father, <mask> <mask>, had been an attorney in the district of the Kammergericht in Berlin until 1933, when he was dismissed by the Nazis because he was Jewish. He and his wife Kate then moved to Rostock where <mask> worked with his father-in-law Max Samuel's EMSA-Werke company. <mask> escaped to England in 1937 and his wife and daughter came over in September the following year. In 1940 all three emigrated to the United States. They settled in Tulsa, where Herman's aunt and uncle already lived. Herman joined the uncle's oil drilling business.Their son was born in Tulsa. Herman died in Tulsa on October 14, 1992 at the age of 88. Career Oil and gas <mask> took control of Kaiser-Francis Oil Company in 1969, after his father had a heart attack. Kaiser-Francis was a little-known, privately owned oil prospecting and drilling company at the time. Under <mask>'s management, it became the 23rd largest nonpublic energy exploration company in the U.S. by 2010. In that year the company earned about $217 million, based on estimates by Bloomberg News. Banking In 1990, Kaiser bought Bank of Oklahoma out of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation receivership.Despite BOK's depressed state, it was rich enough to land <mask> on the Forbes 400 at one stroke. He has since expanded BOK from a 20-branch company located solely in Oklahoma into a $23.9 billion bank with operations in nine states. He owns 61.5 percent of BOK. As of 2007, <mask>'s ownership interests in BOK were worth $2.3 billion. In 2008, with an estimated net worth of around $12 billion, he was ranked by Forbes as the 20-richest person in America and the richest person in Oklahoma. In March 2009, in the face of the general world economic downturn, Forbes reported that <mask>'s net worth had dropped to $9 billion, ranking him in a tie for 43rd-richest person in the world. It has since risen to $9.8 billion as the markets recovered.As of 2019, <mask>'s net worth was estimated at $7.6 billion. Professional sports In April 2014, <mask> bought Tom L. Ward's interest in The Professional Basketball Club, the investment group headed by Clay Bennett that owns the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association, as well as its Oklahoma City Blue minor league affiliate. Personal life <mask>'s nephew is actor Tim Blake Nelson. <mask> has been married twice: His first wife was Betty Eudene. Betty was a prominent literacy advocate volunteering more than 7,000 hours with the Tulsa City-County Library's literacy program. Betty died in 2002. The couple had three children: Philip, Leah and Emily.They also have five grandchildren: Shai, Eytan, Aidan, Ilan, and Ben. His second wife is Myra Block, who is a curator, authority on fiber art and founder of 108|Contemporary. She is the daughter of Tulsa oilman and philanthropist Charles Goodall, known for establishing the small cities program on the Council of Jewish Federations. The couple divides their time between Tulsa, Oklahoma, and San Francisco, California. <mask> typically works 70 hours a week in his office, spending half his time on philanthropy and the rest on banking, energy and other business interests. <mask> is affiliated with the Egalitarian Conservative Congregation B'Nai Emunah. <mask> avoids publicity, does not attend society functions and hardly ever gives interviews.While he owns homes in Tulsa and San Francisco, he is said to own no vacation homes, airplanes or yachts. Philanthropy <mask> is listed third on BusinessWeek'''s 2008 list of the top 50 American philanthropists, behind Warren Buffett and Bill and Melinda Gates. "Warren Buffett Tops BusinessWeek's Annual Ranking of 'The 50 Most Generous Philanthropists," BusinessWeek press release, November 25, 2008. Among his prominent causes is fighting childhood poverty through the George Kaiser Family Foundation; he is also a major benefactor to the Jewish community in Oklahoma, which numbers about 5,000 people. "25 Billionaires and Millionaires That Became Philanthropists," Business Pundit, August 4, 2008. He has been notably active in the promotion of early childhood education.David L. Kirp, "You're Doing Fine, Oklahoma! The universal pre-K movement takes off in unlikely places," The American Prospect, November 1, 2004."<mask> Speech on Childhood Education," The New York Times, February 7, 2007. <mask>'s family foundation is also the largest contributor to the Tulsa Community Foundation, which <mask> established in 1998 because of his perception that Tulsa's historical dependence on unorganized private giving from its wealthy families was no longer effective. Beginning with gifts from seventeen local philanthropists, by 2006 this foundation had grown to become the largest community foundation in the United States, and now has approximately four billion dollars in assets.Matt Cauthron, "Officials expect Tulsa Community Foundation to be largest in nation", The Journal Record, May 10, 2006. "Top Funders: 25 Largest Community Foundations by Asset Size", Foundation Center website (accessed January 26, 2011). <mask>'s family foundation funded the National Energy Policy Institute, a non-profit energy policy organization located at the University of Tulsa whose president since its inception is former Alaska governor Tony Knowles. and whose director was former U.S. Representative Brad Carson. In January 2009, <mask> drew attention after he told a committee of the Oklahoma House of Representatives that the state should eliminate or reduce tax incentives for the oil and gas industry, and instead use the money for health care or education programs or for tax cuts for other taxpayers.<ref>"Digger <mask>: <mask> wants plug on energy incentives," The Oklahoman, January 25, 2009.</ref> The foundation was instrumental in the funding of Tulsa's Woody Guthrie Center, which opened in 2013, and then in facilitating (together with the University of Tulsa) the acquisition in 2016 of Bob Dylan's 6,000-piece archive, which will be maintained by archivists at the university's Helmerich Center for American Research at Gilcrease Museum.The <mask> family foundation is responsible for the initial funding leading to Tulsa's A Gathering Place. This park is the largest privately funded park project in the United States. The foundation's donation amounted to $350 million. <mask>'s family foundation was a large investor in the now-defunct Solyndra Corporation. The company has revealed that the foundation invested $340 million in the venture in July 2009, and subsequently gave preferential consideration to a plant site proposed for an economically depressed area of North Tulsa. The plant was never built and Solyndra filed for bankruptcy in Fremont, California on September 6, 2011. <mask> is among those who have made The Giving Pledge, a commitment to give away half of his wealth for charitable purposes.<mask>'s philanthropy focuses on stimulating economic growth and combatting poverty with investments in early education and health care for people who need it the most. He is a strong proponent of programs like Early Head Start and Educare. An article in Forbes quoted him as saying "Those who have won the ovarian lottery by being born in an advanced society to loving parents have a special obligation to help restore the American Dream." The <mask> foundation supports the training of teachers specializing in early education by donating $1.2 million per year to Tulsa Community College and Oklahoma University to fund training programs. It also reimburses the students' tuition if they work in Oklahoma for four years after graduating. The foundation has also brought at least 150 young teachers to Tulsa through the Teach for America program. <mask> learned that poverty has a major effect on life expectancy.Before he became involved in funding health care, he was informed that there was a 14-year difference in life expectancy between children born in richest and poorest ZIP codes. <mask> concluded that too few doctors were available to treat the poorer people. His foundation then donated $62 million to the University of Oklahoma to create a School of Community Medicine at its Tulsa campus. The money supplemented a $20 million donation by the Schusterman family. The grants reimburse all tuition for students who graduate as doctors and who work for five years in the community. <mask>'s philosophy about anonymous charitable giving reportedly is, ""Naming rights are a seductive philanthropic inducement, yet more anonymous operational support may better advance the charitable purpose," Political activities A Wall Street Journal article reported in 2004 that campaign contribution records showed that <mask> had donated $10,000 to Democratic Party political candidates for every $1,000 that he gave Republican Party candidates. <mask> was a fundraiser for the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama, and functioned as a campaign bundler for Obama.At one 2007 event for Obama, he raised more than $250,000. A 2011 article by Bill Allison of the Sunlight Foundation analyzed <mask>'s business activities and his use of legal tax avoidance strategies, including how during the 1980s bust in the oil industry in Oklahoma and Texas, <mask> bought up struggling energy companies whose losses provided him with tax deductions that effectively offset his own income and left him with little or no tax liability. References 1943 births American billionaires American people of German-Jewish descent Businesspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma Giving Pledgers 21st-century philanthropists Harvard Business School alumni Harvard College alumni Jewish American philanthropists Living people Philanthropists from Oklahoma 21st-century American Jews

Mario Rosemblatt

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<mask> is a Chilean immunologist. His research established that dendritic cells are responsible for imprinting the tissue-specific homing of T lymphocytes. He is currently Executive Director of Fundacion Ciencia para la Vida (FCV), a non profit institution that carries out scientific and technological research. He is Immunology Professor at the University of Chile and Universidad Nacional Andres Bello (Santiago, Chile) and Adjunct Professor at Dartmouth Medical School. Biography <mask> earned his Ph.D. degree in immunology at Wayne State University. He has been Research Fellow in Medicine at Harvard University (1973) joining the group of Dr. Edgar Haber, Assistant Professor at Brown University (1976), Investigator at the Boston Biomedical Research Institute (1978) and the Association Against Cancer in France (1981). In 1983, he returned to Chile and joined the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Chile.He was Chairman of the Biology Department and Director of the team that established the degree in Biotechnology at the University of Chile, acting as the first Director of this program. In 1997 he joined the Fundación Ciencia para la Vida acting as its first Executive Director. Research During his years at the Boston Biomedical Research Institute Dr<mask> was the first to publish a report on the use of monoclonal antibody technology to study muscle physiology. The main aspects of his research deals with studies related to the function of regulatory T cells. His team has demonstrated that although B cells and dendritic cells can generate regulatory T cells by themselves, a mixture of both antigen-presenting cells improves their capacity to efficiently generate regulatory T cells. He also has established that gut dendritic cells are responsible for the production of retinoic acid and therefore for the induction of a tolerogenic environment in the gut. As an immunologist he participated in the development of a salmon vaccine –presently in the market, licensed to Novartis- against the Pitsireckettsia salmonis a deadly pathogen that affects the salmon industry in Chile.<mask> is a member of the American Association of Immunologists, of the Transplantation Society, of the Chilean Society for Cell Biology and the Chilean Society of Immunology. Publications Selection of Papers Jørgensen TN, Alfaro J, Enriquez HL, Jiang C, Loo WM, Atencio S, Bupp MR, Mailloux CM, Metzger T, Flannery S, Rozzo SJ, Kotzin BL, <mask> M., Bono MR, Erickson LD. Development of murine lupus involves the combined genetic contribution of the SLAM and FcgammaR intervals within the Nba2 autoimmune susceptibility locus. J Immunol. 15; 775-86, 2010 C. Moore, D. Sauma, P. Reyes, J. Morales, M<mask>, M.R. Bono and J.A. Fierro.Dendritic Cells and B Cells Cooperate in the Generation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Allogeneic T Cells. Transplant. Proc. 42; 371-5, 2010 Elgueta R., Sepulveda F., E. Vilches F., Vargas L., Mora J.R., Bono M.R., <mask> M. Imprinting of CCR9 on CD4 T cells requires IL-4 signalling on mesenteric lymph node dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 180; 6501-7, 2008 Gabrielle Faure-André, Pablo Vargas, Maria-Isabel Yuseff, Mélina Heuzé, Jheimmy Diaz, Danielle Lankar, Veronica Steri, Jeremy Manry, Stéphanie Hugues, Fulvia Vascotto, Jérôme Boulanger, Graça Raposo, Maria-Rosa Bono, <mask>, Matthieu Piel and Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil. CD74, the MHC class II-associated Invariant Chain, regulates the motility and in vivo migration of dendritic cells.Science 322; 1705–1710, 2008 Bono MR, Elgueta R, Sauma D, Pino K, Osorio F, Michea, P, Fierro A, <mask> M. The essential role of chemokines in the selective regulation of lymphocyte homing. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews. 18: (1-2): 33-43, 2007 Micah J. Benson, Karina Pino-Lagos, <mask> and Randolph J. Noelle. All-trans retinoic acid mediates enhanced Treg growth, differentiation and gut homing in the face of high levels of co-stimulation. J. Exp. Med. 204: 1765-74, 2007 M<mask> and M.R.Bono. “Functional consequences of immune cell adhesion to endothelial cells”. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 10: 109-120, 2004 J.R. Mora, M.R. Bono, N. Manjunath, W. Weninger, M<mask>, U.H. Von Andrian. "Peyer's patch dendritic cells provide tissue-specific instructions for effector T cell homing to the gut". Nature 424:88-93, 2003 L. I. Reyes, P. Escobar, M. R. Bono and M. <mask>.“B lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells from human lymphoid tissue modulates tyrosine phosphorylation and endothelial cell activation”. J. Immunol. 169: 5881-5888, 2002 Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil, Arnold H. Bakker, René Maehr, Herman S. Overkleeft, <mask>, Hidde L. Ploegh and Cécile Lagaudrière-Gesbert. "Analysis of protease in live antigen-presenting cells show regulation of the phagosomal proteolytic contents during dendritic cell activation ". J. Exp. Med. 169: 529-539, 2002 <mask> M., Gaugler M.H., Leroy C., Coulombel L. Coexpression of two fibronectin receptors, VLA-4 and VLA-5 on immature erythroblastic precursor cells.J. Clinic. Invest. 87: 6, 1991. <mask> M., Hidalgo C., Vergara C., Ikemoto N. Immunological and biochemical properties of transverse tubule membranes from rabbit skeletal muscle. J. Biol. Chem.256: 8140, 1981 <mask> M., Haber E. Isolation of a variable domain fragment from a homogeneous antibody heavy chain. Biochem. 17: 3877, 1978 Books and Book Chapters WILHELM V., ENGEL, E., MIQUEL A., JAMETT A., AGUAYO J., MÜLLER I., MORALES C., HERNÁNDEZ C., SOZA C., SOZA J., VILLEGAS J., BERNALES S., MARTÍNEZ R., ROSEMBLATT M., BURZIO L.O. y VALENZUELA P.D.T. Piscirickettsia salmonis: Un enfoque genómico para un problema de la salmonicultura. Biotecnología Marina, Paniagua, J. (ed.).Editorial AGT S.A., México, p. 188- 220. 2005 PALOMO, A. FERREIRA, C. SEPULVEDA, M. ROSEMBLATT, U. VERGARA. Editores. Fundamentos de Inmunología. Ed. Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile. Segunda Edición.2002 R. MORA and M. ROSEMBLATT. Receptores de Adhesión, “Homing” y Activación de Linfocitos. Capítulo 12. Eds. I. Palomo, A. Ferreira, C. Sepúlveda, M<mask> y U. Vergara. Ed. Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.2002 R. NAVES and M. ROSEMBLATT. Ontogenia y Diferenciación de Células T y B. Capítulo 13. Eds. I. Palomo, A. Ferreira, C. Sepúlveda, M<mask> y U. Vergara. Ed. Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile. 2002 M. ROSEMBLATT.Nuevas alianzas en la comunidad Biotecnológica Chilena. En: Organismos Genéticamente Modificados. Producción, Comercialización, Bioseguridad y Percepción Pública. Eds. Dr. Lionel Gil y Bq. Carlos Irarrázabal. pp 183–188.2000 PALOMO, A. FERREIRA, C. SEPÚLVEDA, M. ROSEMBLATT, U. VERGARA. Editores. Fundamentos de Inmunología. Ed. Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile, 1998 M. ROSEMBLATT. Moléculas de Adhesión. Capítulo 11.En: Fundamentos de Inmunología. Eds. I. Palomo, A. Ferreira, C. Sepúlveda, M<mask> y U. Vergara. Ed. Univ. de Talca. Talca.pp 251–270. 1998 M. ROSEMBLATT. Diferenciación Linfocitaria. Capítulo 12. En: Fundamentos de Inmunología. Eds. I. Palomo, A. Ferreira, C. Sepúlveda, M<mask> y U. Vergara.Ed. Univ. de Talca. Talca. pp 2271–286. 1998 COULOMBEL L, VUILLET-GAUGLER MH, KEIFFERN N, ROSEMBLATT M., Vainchenker W, Breton-Gorius J. Adhesion of erythroid cells to fibronectin and identification of receptors for extracellular matrix proteins. In The hematopoietic microenvironment.M Long and M Whicha eds. Johns Hopkins. University Press USA. p. 190-205.1993 ROSEMBLATT M., PÉREZ G, ANTONIU B, REILLEY E, IKEMOTO N: Monoclonal antibodies as probes of triad structure and excitation contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. In: Signal Transduction in Biological System. S. C. Hidalgo et al. eds.Plenum Press, New York USA. p. 371. 1990 ROSEMBLATT M. Hibridomas y Anticuerpos Monoclonales. In: La revolución de la Bioingeniería. F Monckeberg Ed. Mediterráneo-Chile. p. 78.1988 IKEMOTO N., MESZAROS M., MORIL M., KIM D.H., ROSEMBLATT M. Molecular mechanism of calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in vitro. Current status and prospects. In: Perspectives in Biological Energy Transduction. Academic Press. Tokyo. p. 207. 1987 BURTON J., ROSEMBLATT M., HABER E. Approaches to the synthesis of an antibody combining site.In: Antibodies in human diagnostic and therapy. Raven Press. New York. p. 205. 1977 HABER E., MARGOLIES M.N., CANNON L.E, ROSEMBLATT M. Restricted clonal responses: A tool in understanding antibody specificity. In: Molecular approaches to immunology. Academic Press.New York. p. 303. 1975 External links Fundacion Ciencia Para la Vida References 1941 births Living people Chilean immunologists

Crescenzio Sepe

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<mask> (born 2 June 1943) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Naples from 2006 to 2020. He served in the Roman Curia as Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples from 2001 to 2006. He was made a cardinal in 2001. Before that he spent 25 years in increasingly important positions in the Roman Curia. Biography Early life and ordination Born at Carinaro, in the province of Caserta. He attended the Seminary of Aversa, studied philosophy at the Regional Seminary in Salerno and theology in Rome. He was ordained for the Diocese of Aversa on 12 March 1967.He earned degrees in theology and canon law at the Pontifical Lateran University and in philosophy from the University of Rome La Sapienza. He taught theology at the Lateran and Urbanian Pontifical Universities. To prepare for a career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, he entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1969. Career in the Curia He joined the diplomatic service of the Holy See and was posted to Brazil from 1972 to 1975. He then returned to Rome and worked at the Secretariat of State, first in the Section for International Organizations and then in office for information and documentation. He was named the Secretariat's Assessor for General Affairs in 1987. Sepe was appointed Secretary of the Congregation for the Clergy and Titular Archbishop of Gradum on 2 April 1992.He received his episcopal consecration from Pope John Paul II on 26 April. On 29 September 1992, Pope John Paul named him a member of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People. In an essay published the next year, he described celibacy as integral to the priesthood: "Christ willed ... to combine the virginal state with his mission as eternal priest.... We can therefore affirm that chastity and virginity are not simply additional or secondary in Christ's priestly existence, but belong to its very essence." As secretary of the Congregation for the Clergy, Sepe was responsible for organizing the celebration marking the 50th anniversary of Pope John Paul's ordination to the priesthood, which proved so successful that the Pope gave him even greater responsibility. On 3 November 1997, Pope John Paul named him General Secretary of the Central Committee for the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000, which has been described as "almost certainly the most complex logistical enterprise in recent Roman memory" and "a carnival such as Rome has not seen since the days of Nero". He was President of Peregrinatio ad Petri Sedem from 8 November 1997 to July 2001. On 18 February 1999, he was made a member of the Congregation for the Clergy.On 9 April 2001 Pope John Paul named him Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. As Prefect he was ex officio the Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Urban University. In 1995, as head of the Congregation, he helped implement a priest-sharing program among dioceses worldwide to help redress the geographical imbalance in vocations. He also said that the Vatican was facilitating the return of hundreds of priests who had left the active ministry and married in civil ceremonies, but who were now divorced or widowed and were "sincerely sorry" for having strayed from their vocation. In 1997 he said a relaxing of the celibacy rule for Latin Rite priests would not ease the vocations crisis and would have no theological or pastoral foundation. Pope John Paul made him Cardinal-Deacon of Dio Padre misericordioso in the consistory of 21 February 2001. At the age of 57, he was the youngest official of the Roman Curia named a cardinal in decades.He participated as a cardinal elector in the 2005 conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI, where he was also one of the cardinals named to the group that handles the ordinary affairs of the Apostolic See until a new pope is chosen, and in the 2013 conclave that elected Pope Francis. Pope John Paul named him a member of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on 6 August 2002, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on 6 September 2002, the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity on 8 November 2002, the Special Council for Asia of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops on 28 May 2004, and the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts on 20 November 2004. Archbishop of Naples On 20 May 2006, he was appointed Archbishop of Naples. With that appointment, he became a Cardinal-Priest with his deaconry elevated pro hac vice to title. He was the first head of a Roman dicastery in decades to be given a diocesan appointment. He disputed the idea that his reassignment to Naples from the Roman Curia represented a demotion. Sepe said that when Benedict asked for his reaction in advance, he agreed because it was how he wanted to end his career.Others thought Pope Benedict preferred to have a prelate from a traditional missionary country, in this instance Indian Cardinal Ivan Dias, lead the Congregation responsible for missionary work. In 2007 he called for an end to gang violence. In June 2010, Sepe was under investigation by Perugia's public prosecutor's office for financial corruption in connection with the renovation and sale of some of the Congregation's properties. Media reports alleged that during his time as prefect, he sold property owned by the Congregation at discounted prices to politicians positioned to help the Congregation. Sepe said that he has "nothing to hide" and he was expected to waive the diplomatic immunity afforded by his Vatican passport and meet investigators. In March 2018 Sepe forwarded to the Vatican a 1,200-page dossier compiled by Francesco Mangiacapra, a male escort, that purported to identify 40 actively gay Catholic priests. He said: "those who have erred must pay the price, and be helped to repent for the harm done".He has been a member of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications and the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue. He formally retired as Archbishop of Naples in 12 December 2020, with the appointment of his successor, Domenico Battaglia, currently Bishop of Diocese of Cerreto Sannita–Telese–Sant’Agata de’ Goti. Notes References External links 21st-century Italian cardinals Archbishops of Naples Sapienza University of Rome alumni Pontifical Lateran University alumni Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples Members of the Congregation for the Clergy Members of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II People from the Province of Caserta 1943 births Living people 21st-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops

Alf Felton

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<mask>, known as "<mask>", was the first Australian after World War I to win the professional World Sculling Championship. Before the war seven other Australians had held the title. Life and racing <mask> was born in Walker Street, North Sydney, on 28 August 1889. After he grew up he was employed as a blacksmith's striker which helped develop his handsome physique and strength for rowing. By eighteen years of age he stood six feet two inches tall and weighed thirteen and a half stone. He became a pupil of former world champion Peter Kemp. <mask> was involved in the normal smaller regattas and match races that were the bread and butter of the professional scullers.His first races of note were those held at Foxton, New Zealand when he was chosen as one of nine men from Australia to represent their country at the Foxton Handicap Races held on 2 and 3 December 1909. Eight New Zealand men made up the field and <mask> was successful in beating all to take the £150 first prize and a cup valued at £25. From these races <mask> gained the reputation of a dashing sprinter and there was some doubt about his stamina in races longer than two miles. In June 1911 he raced Frank Hagney over the full length of the Parramatta course of about three and a quarter miles. He won easily. In April 1912 he beat William (Billy) Fogwell for the Northern Rivers (NSW) Championship. However he was criticised for delaying the start of the race by over an hour.<mask> was involved in an unpleasant affair at the end of 1912. Harry Pearce had been the Australian Champion since 1909 and had challenged Ernest Barry for the world title. Not long before Pearce's departure for England, <mask>, Charles Towns, and Jim Paddon all challenged Pearce for his Australian Championship. The lateness of the challenges was intended to force Pearce to forfeit his domestic title so that the challengers could decide among themselves who should be the new champion. Rather than jeopardise his World Title chances Pearce forfeited his title which was then claimed by <mask>. <mask> and Towns raced in January 1913 and the match was described as a midget verses a giant. Towns was much smaller and weighed less than <mask> who won the race by four lengths.Yet because of high winds which blew Towns off course the question of whom was the better was not really answered. It was somewhat answered when Jim Paddon handsomely beat <mask> by two minutes in a race held in February 1913. Thus <mask> lost the local championship. Pearce and <mask> had an actual race in Sydney in September 1914 for £200 a side but no championship was involved. Pearce initially led by after one mile <mask> took the advantage and won comfortably in a time of 20m.30s. See Also Australian Sculling Championship. In another race in February 1915 <mask> was again criticized when he delayed by about half an hour a race against Robert Ford.The delay allowed <mask> to take advantage of the change in the tide and wind as he was heavier and able to make better progress than his opponent. <mask> announced his retirement from professional sculling in March 1915 but indicated that before retiring he would be prepared to row Charles Towns for £250 a side on the Parramatta River. It was supposed to be a sportsman's chance to reverse the 1913 result. The very high stake for an ordinary sculler's match not involving any title was unusual and likely indicated that <mask> was not all that keen on a race. Nevertheless, the Towns camp raised the money and the match was set down for 26 June 1915. Once again <mask> prevaricated at the start and nearly refused to race, disregarding the instructions of umpire Bill Beach. When the race finally got underway Towns won and it was a popular win as it was felt that <mask> had behaved badly.World War I By October 1915 <mask> had joined the Engineers’ Division of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force and served in Europe until the end of the war. The war put all professional sculling on hold and no title matches were held during that time. During the latter part of <mask>'s service he had participated in war-service regattas on the Thames and also at the International Regatta in Paris in July 1919 which inspired him to challenge for the World Sculling Championship after the armistice. The World Title Match Ernest Barry had been the title holder before the war and had not retired so was still the champion. Barry had also served in the war but had been invalided in 1918 after suffering shell shock and shrapnel wounds. He suggested that he would need at least six months to get back to full fitness for a match. Barry at thirty-seven years of age knew he was nearing the end of his sculling career.The agreed date for the match was 27 October 1919. The course was to be the famous Championship Course on the Thames in London which was about four and a quarter miles long. The stake was to be £500 a side. There was some disquiet in Australia over this challenge as many felt that Jim Paddon was a better sculler and as a previous world title challenger he had more right to a race than <mask> did. However, <mask> was on the spot as he had not yet been repatriated home, and the cost of his challenge was only about half of what it would have cost to send an Australian to England. <mask> also had the advantage of being acclimatised to the Northern conditions. There was some difficulty in <mask> raising the stake and expenses but eventually the Australian Prime Minister and the general public who were both keen to see the title return to Australia came to his aide and provided the cash.The day of the race suited the Australian. <mask> chose the sheltered Middlesex shore side of the course which proved an advantage on a cold blustery day. Being heavier he was able to build a lead in the calmer water. Barry on the other had hand had the rougher conditions and he shipped much water during the race. <mask> easily won by about six lengths although he could have made it more had he been so inclined, in a time of 25m.40s and thus became the Sculling Champion of the World, the eighth Australian to hold the title. The Return Match As was common at the time <mask> offered Barry a return match but with the proviso that it was to be raced in Sydney. <mask> returned home to a hero's welcome and after the usual festivities found himself challenged by Jim Paddon for a race on the Parramatta.The local rowing fraternity felt that Paddon had the right to a challenge but <mask> declined and announced the agreement with Barry. It would appear that the two had made the arrangement with a view to maximising their financial returns. For example, motion picture rights, gate money, paid speaking engagements, and exhibitions were some of the ways the Champion and ex-Champion could reward themselves. The Sydney rowing people found that Barry had strong financial support from England and as they were keen to see the contest, support for the Paddon challenge evaporated. <mask> and Barry met on 28 August 1920 over the full course on the Parramatta and for a stake of £500 a side. A crowd estimated between one hundred and one hundred and fifty thousand persons lined all vantage points to see the first Championship race held in Sydney since 1907. A number were also on board steamers that followed the race.Unfortunately the race did not live up to expectations. <mask> led for the first mile and a half and then Barry fouled him. Both men appealed to the umpire. <mask> stopped rowing believing he had won on the foul but the umpire, Bill Beach ordered the men to continue rather than making a ruling. He later said that they were in neutral water and the foul in no way affected the result of the race. It was likely he believed the foul was accidental as an intentional foul would have cost the perpetrator the race. The umpire's decision was final.<mask> did not continue to scull on at speed but Barry did and he crossed the line about twelve lengths ahead and thus regained the World Title. His time was 24m.32s. <mask>'s trainer was Richard Arnst, a former world champion, who believed his man should have got the decision as be believed that Barry had intentionally fouled <mask>. <mask> accused Beach of partiality and applied for a Supreme Court injunction to stop the stake money being paid to Barry. <mask> was desirous of a re-match for the money only rather than the money and the title but eventually he withdrew his claim so the case did not proceed and Barry received his cash. Richard Arnst had issued a newspaper challenge before the race to the winner of the Felton/Barry match. It looks as if he had expected Barry to win and as Arnst and Barry had previously raced twice and the score was one each they needed a further race to decide who was the better.Barry declined to race and because three months passed without him accepting the challenge Arnst claimed the title by forfeit. This was within the rules, such as they were, at the time. Barry had returned to England and had announced his retirement from the sport. Arnst held the Title for one race, lost it in the next to Darcy Hadfield who in turn lost it to Jim Paddon. Paddon held off two challenges before accepting one from <mask> <mask> in 1924. Before this occurred <mask> was involved in another race. The Australasian Championship (Australasian is Australia and New Zealand.)Before having another chance at the world title <mask> travelled to New Zealand after arranging a race with Pat Hannan which was billed as the Australasian Championship. This was a manufactured title based on Hannan's claim to the New Zealand Title which he had actually lost but only by forfeit, and the highly dubious claim that <mask> was the Australian Champion. His reasoning was that as Paddon was now the World Champion, he (Paddon) was ineligible to hold the domestic title. Because he had been the previous holder, <mask> argued that the title reverted to him. This argument was not accepted by many of the Sydney scullers and previously a number of world champions had simultaneously held national titles. The match was raced on 28 April 1923 and was held on Nelson Harbour for a purse of £500. <mask> crossed the line first but was disqualified for cutting Hannan off.This race was notable in that it was the first New Zealand sports event broadcast on radio. The Third World Title Match <mask> <mask> had his third World Title match after he had challenged Jim Paddon. <mask> had persuaded a group of Brisbane promoters to stage a world championship match as part of the Brisbane Centennial celebrations. The match was unusual in that it was held on the Brisbane River – the first such match on the river. The date was 12 August 1924 and the course was slightly shorter than normal at about three miles. <mask> had claimed to be the Queensland Champion which was considered cheeky. He further caused controversy when he refused to row with Bill Beach as umpire.Paddon as Champion had the right to nominate most of the terms, but in order to secure the match agreed to <mask>'s demands and another umpire was found. A very large crowd was on hand to witness the race but it was not much of a race. <mask> had the reputation of a fast sprinter but he showed none of his old form when Paddon took the lead after only one hundred yards and the result was never in doubt. Paddon easily defeated <mask> in a time of 17m.55s. After this defeat <mask> retired from professional sculling. He died in 1951. See also World Sculling Championship.References For film of the first <mask> match see; http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=17584 and http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=2923 Sculling and Skulduggery published 2009 The New York Times 26 Oct 1919, 28 Oct 1919. Poverty Bay Herald 30 Oct 1919, 30 Aug 1920. Grey River Argus 31 Aug 1920. Hear the Boat Sing http://hear-the-boat-sing.blogspot.com/ see Felton. 1889 births 1951 deaths Australian male rowers

Apollon Maykov

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<mask> (, , Moscow – , Saint Petersburg) was a Russian poet, best known for his lyric verse showcasing images of Russian villages, nature, and history. His love for ancient Greece and Rome, which he studied for much of his life, is also reflected in his works. <mask> spent four years translating the epic The Tale of Igor's Campaign (1870) into modern Russian. He translated the folklore of Belarus, Greece, Serbia and Spain, as well as works by Heine, Adam Mickiewicz and Goethe, among others. Several of <mask>'s poems were set to music by Russian composers, among them Rimsky-Korsakov and Tchaikovsky. <mask> was born into an artistic family and educated at home, by the writer Ivan Goncharov, among others. At the age of 15, he began writing his first poetry.After finishing his gymnasium course in just three years, he enrolled in Saint Petersburg University in 1837. He began publishing his poems in 1840, and came out with his first collection in 1842. The collection was reviewed favorably by the influential critic Vissarion Belinsky. After this, he traveled throughout Europe, returning to Saint Petersburg in 1844, where he continued to publish poetry and branched out into literary criticism and essay writing. He continued writing throughout his life, wavering several times between the conservative and liberal camps, but maintaining a steady output of quality poetical works. In his liberal days he was close to Belinsky, Nikolay Nekrasov, and Ivan Turgenev, while in his conservative periods he was close to Fyodor Dostoyevsky. He ended his life as a conservative.<mask> died in Saint Petersburg On March 8, 1897. Biography <mask> <mask> was born into an artistic family. His father, Nikolay <mask>, was a painter, and in his later years an academic of the Imperial Academy of Arts. His mother, Yevgeniya Petrovna <mask> (née Gusyatnikova, 1803–1880), loved literature and later in life had some of her own poetry published. The boy's childhood was spent at the family estate just outside Moscow, in a house often visited by writers and artists. <mask>'s early memories and impressions formed the foundation for his much lauded landscape lyricism, marked by what biographer Igor Yampolsky calls "a touchingly naive love for the old patriarchal ways." In 1834 the family moved to Saint Petersburg.<mask> and his brother Valerian were educated at home, under the guidance of their father's friend Vladimir Solonitsyn, a writer, philologist and translator, known also for Nikolay <mask>'s 1839 portrait of him. Ivan Goncharov, then an unknown young author, taught Russian literature to the <mask> brothers. As he later remembered, the house "was full of life, and had many visitors, providing a never ceasing flow of information from all kinds of intellectual spheres, including science and the arts." At the age of 15 Apollon started to write poetry. With a group of friends (Vladimir Benediktov, Ivan Goncharov and Pavel Svinyin among others) the <mask> brothers edited two hand-written magazines, Podsnezhnik (Snow-drop) and Moonlit Nights, where Apollon's early poetry appeared for the first time. <mask> finished his whole gymnasium course in just three years, and in 1837 enrolled in Saint Petersburg University's law faculty. As a student he learned Latin which enabled him to read Ancient Roman authors in the original texts.He later learned Ancient Greek, but until then had to content himself with French translations of the Greek classics. It was at the university that <mask> developed his passionate love of Ancient Greece and Rome. Literary career <mask> <mask>'s first poems (signed "M.") were published in 1840 by the Odessa Almanac and in 1841 by Biblioteka Dlya Chteniya and Otechestvennye Zapiski. He also studied painting, but soon chose to devote himself entirely to poetry. Instrumental in this decision was Pyotr Pletnyov, a University professor who, acting as a mentor for the young man, showed the first poems of his protégé to such literary giants as Vasily Zhukovsky and Nikolai Gogol. <mask> never became a painter, but the lessons he received greatly influenced his artistic worldview and writing style. In 1842 his first collection Poems by A.N.<mask> was published, to much acclaim. "For me it sounds like Delvig's ideas expressed by Pushkin," Pletnyov wrote. Vissarion Belinsky responded with a comprehensive essay, praising the book's first section called "Poems Written for an Anthology", a cycle of verses stylized after both ancient Greek epigrams and the traditional elegy. He was flattered by the famous critic's close attention. <mask> paid heed to his advice and years later, working on the re-issues, edited much of the text in direct accordance with Belinsky's views. After graduating from the university, <mask> joined the Russian Ministry of Finance as a clerk. Having received a stipend for his first book from Tsar Nicholas I, he used the money to travel abroad, visiting Italy (where he spent most of his time writing poetry and painting), France, Saxony, and Austria.In Paris Apollon and Valerian attended lectures on literature and fine arts at the Sorbonne and the Collège de France. On his way back <mask> visited Dresden and Prague where he met Václav Hanka and Pavel Jozef Šafárik, the two leaders of the national revival movement. The direct outcome of this voyage for <mask> <mask> was a University dissertation on the history of law in Eastern Europe. In 1844 <mask> returned to Saint Petersburg to join the Rumyantsev Museum library as an assistant. He became actively involved with the literary life of the Russian capital, contributing to Otechestvennye Zapiski, Finsky Vestnik and Sovremennik. He also debuted as a critic and published several essays on literature and fine art, reviewing works by artists like Ivan Aivazovsky, Fyodor Tolstoy and Pavel Fedotov. In 1846 the Petersburg Anthology published his poem "Mashenka", which saw Maykov discarding elegy and leaning towards a more down-to-Earth style of writing.Again Belinsky was impressed, hailing the arrival of "a new talent, quite capable of presenting real life in its true light." The critic also liked Two Fates (Saint Petersburg, 1845). A "natural school" piece, touched by Mikhail Lermontov's influence, it featured "a Pechorin-type character, an intelligent, thinking nobleman retrogressing into a low-brow philistine," according to Alexander Hertzen's review. In the late 1840s <mask> was also writing prose, in a Gogol-influenced style known as the "physiological sketch". Among the short stories he published at the time were "Uncle's Will" (1847) and "The Old Woman – Fragments from the Notes of a Virtuous Man" (1848). In the late 1840s <mask> entered Belinsky's circle and became friends with Nikolai Nekrasov and Ivan Turgenev. Along with his brother Valerian he started to attend Mikhail Petrashevsky's 'Secret Fridays', establishing contacts with Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Aleksey Pleshcheyev.Later, having been interrogated about his involvement, <mask> avoided arrest (he did not have a significant role in the group's activities), but for several years was kept under secret police surveillance. In the years to come <mask>, who never believed in the ideas of socialism, often expressed embarrassment over his involvement in the Petrashevsky affair. In an 1854 letter to M. A. Yazykov he confessed: "At the time I had very vague political ideas and was foolish enough to join a group where all the government's actions were criticized and condemned as wrong a priory, many of [its members] applauding every mistake, according to the logic of 'the worse they rule, the quicker they'll fall'. In the 1850s <mask>, now a Slavophile, began to champion 'firm' monarchy and strong Orthodox values. Writing to Aleksandr Nikitenko he argued: "Only a form of political system which had been proven by the test of history could be called viable". In 1852 <mask> moved into the office of the Russian Committee of Foreign censorship, where he continued working for the rest of his life, becoming its chairman in 1882. In 1847 <mask>'s second collection of poems, Sketches of Rome, the artistic outcome of his earlier European trip, was published.Informed with Belinsky's criticism, some poems were built on the juxtaposition of the majestic ruins and lush landscapes of 'classic' Rome with the everyday squalor of contemporary Italy. This homage to the "natural school" movement, though, did not make <mask>'s style less flamboyant; on the contrary, it was in Sketches of Rome that he started to make full use of exotic epithets and colorful imagery. In 1848–1852 <mask> wrote little, but became active during the Crimean War. First came the poem "Claremont Cathedral" (1853), an ode to Russia's historical feat of preventing the Mongol hordes from devastating European civilization. This was followed by the compilation Poems, 1854. Some of the poems, like those about the siege of Sevastopol ("To General-Lieutenant Khrulyov") were welcomed by the literary left (notably Nekrasov and Chernyshevsky). Others ("In Memory of Derzhavin" and "A Message to the Camp") were seen as glorifying the monarchy and were deemed 'reactionary'.The last 1854 poem, "The Harlequin", was a caricature on a revolutionary keen to bring chaos and undermine centuries-old moral principles. Now a 'patriarchal monarchist', <mask> started to praise the Nikolai I regime. Another poem, "The Carriage", where Maykov openly supported the Tsar, was not included in 1854, but circulated in its hand-written version and did his reputation a lot of harm. Enemies either ridiculed the poet or accused him of political opportunism and base flattery. Some of his friends were positively horrified. In his epigrams, poet Nikolay Shcherbina labeled Maykov 'chameleon' and 'servile slave'. While social democrats (who dominated the Russian literary scene of the time) saw political and social reforms as necessary for Russia, <mask> called for the strengthening of state power.After Russia's defeat in the war the tone of <mask>'s poetry changed. Poems like "The war is over. Vile peace is signed...", "Whirlwind" (both 1856), "He and Her" (1867) criticized corrupt high society and weak, inadequate officials who were indifferent to the woes of the country and its people. Now openly critical of Nikolai I, <mask> admitted to having been wrong when professing a belief in the monarch. In 1858 <mask> took part in the expedition to Greece on board the corvette Bayan. Prior to that he read numerous books about the country and learned the modern Greek language. Two books came out as a result of this trip: The Naples Album (which included "Tarantella", one of his best known poems) and Songs of Modern Greece.The former, focusing on contemporary Italian life, was coldly received by Russian critics who found it too eclectic. In retrospect it is regarded as a curious experiment in breaking genre barriers, with images and conversations from foreign life used to express things which in Russia could not be commented on publicly at the time. In the latter, the author's sympathy for the Greek liberation movement is evident. The early 1860s saw <mask>'s popularity on the rise: he often performed in public and had his works published by the leading Russian magazines. In the mid-1860s he once again drifted towards the conservative camp, and stayed there for the rest of his life. He condemned young radicals, and expressed solidarity with Mikhail Katkov's nationalistic remarks regarding the Polish Uprising and Russian national policy in general. In poems like "Fields" (which employed Gogol's metaphor of Russia as a troika, but also expressed horror at emerging capitalism), "Niva" and "The Sketch" he praised the 1861 reforms, provoking sharp criticism from Saltykov-Schedrin and Nikolay Dobrolyubov.Adopting the Pochvennichestvo doctrine, <mask> became close to <mask> Grigoriev, Nikolai Strakhov, and Fyodor Dostoyevsky; his friendship with the latter proved to be a particularly firm and lasting one. In the 1860s and 1870s <mask> contributed mainly to Russky Vestnik. One of the leading proponents of Russian Panslavism, he saw his country as fulfilling its mission in uniting Slavs, but first and foremost freeing the peoples of the Balkans from Turkish occupation. "Once you've seen Russia in this [Panslavic] perspective, you start to understand its true nature and feel ready to devote yourself to this life-affirming cause," wrote <mask> in a letter to Dostoyevsky. The mission of art, according to the poet, was to develop the national self-consciousness and revive the 'historical memory' of Russians. The Slavic historic and moral basis on which it stood became the major theme of <mask>'s poetry cycles "Of the Slavic World", "At Home", and "Callings of History". Well aware of the darker side of Russia's historic legacy, he still thought it necessary to highlight its 'shining moments' ("It's dear to me, before the icon...", 1868).<mask> was not a religious person himself but attributed great importance to the religious fervor of the common people, seeing it as the basis for 'moral wholesomeness' ("The spring, like an artist", 1859; "Ignored by all...", 1872). His religious poems of the late 1880s ("Let go, let go...", "The sunset’s quiet shine...", "Eternal night is near...") differed radically from his earlier odes to paganism. In them Maykov professed a belief in spiritual humility and expressed the conviction that this particular feature of the Russian national character would be its saving grace. Maykov and revolutionary democrats Unlike his artistic ally Afanasy Fet, <mask> always felt the need for maintaining 'spiritual bonds' with common people and, according to biographer Yampolsky, followed "the folk tradition set by Pushkin, Lermontov, Krylov and Koltsov". Yet he was skeptical of the doctrine of narodnost as formulated by Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, who saw active promotion of the democratic movement as the mission of Russian literature. In 1853, horrified by Nekrasov's poem "The Muse", <mask> wrote "An Epistle to Nekrasov", in which he urged the latter to "dilute his malice in nature's harmony." Yet he never severed ties with his opponent and often gave him credit."There is only one poetic soul here, and that is Nekrasov," <mask> wrote in an October 1854 letter to Ivan Nikitin. According to Yampolsky, Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" (1870, telling the story of a nobleman supporting the revolutionary cause) might have been an indirect answer to <mask>'s poem "Grandmother" (1861) which praised the high moral standards of the nobility and condemned the generation of nihilists. <mask>'s poem Princess (1876) had its heroine Zhenya, a girl from an aristocratic family, join a gang of conspirators and lose all notions of normality, religious, social or moral. However, unlike Vsevolod Krestovsky or Viktor Klyushnikov, <mask> treated his 'nihilist' characters rather like victims of the post-Crimean war social depression rather than villains in their own right. The Tale of Igor's Campaign Seeking inspiration and moral virtue in Russian folklore, which he called "the treasury of the Russian soul", <mask> tried to revive the archaic Russian language tradition. In his later years he made

Apollon Maykov

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numerous freestyle translations and stylized renditions of Belarussian and Serbian folk songs. He developed a strong interest in non-Slavic folklore too, exemplified by the epic poems Baldur (1870) and Bringilda (1888) based on the Scandinavian epos.In the late 1860s <mask> became intrigued by The Tale of Igor's Campaign, which his son was studying in gymnasium at the time. Baffled by the vagueness and occasional incongruity of all the available translations, he shared his doubts with professor Izmail Sreznevsky, who replied: "It is for you to sort these things out." <mask> later described the four years of work on the new translation that followed as his "second university". His major objective was to come up with undeniable proof of the authenticity of the old text, something that many authors, Ivan Goncharov among them, expressed doubts about. Ignoring Dostoyevsky's advice to use rhymes so as to make the text sound more modern, <mask> provided the first ever scientifically substantiated translation of the document, supplied with comprehensive commentaries. First published in the January 1870 issue of Zarya magazine, it is still regarded as one of the finest achievements of his career. For <mask>, who took his historical poems and plays seriously, authenticity was the main objective.In his Old Believers drama The Wanderer (1867), he used the hand-written literature of raskolniks and, "having discovered those poetic gems, tried to re-mold them into... modern poetic forms," as he explained in the preface. In his historical works Maykov often had contemporary Russian issues in mind. "While writing of ancient history I was looking for parallels to the things that I had to live through. Our times provide so many examples of the rise and fall of the human spirit that an attentive eye looking for analogies can spot a lot," he wrote. Christianity and paganism <mask>'s first foray into the history of early Christianity, "Olynthus and Esther" (1841) was criticized by Belinsky. He returned to this theme ten years later in the lyrical drama Three Deaths (1857), was dissatisfied with the result, and went on to produce part two, "The Death of Lucius" (1863). Three Deaths became the starting point of his next big poem, Two Worlds, written in 1872, then re-worked and finished in 1881.Following Belinsky's early advice, <mask> abandoned Lucius, a weak Epicurean, and made the new hero Decius, a patrician who, while hating Nero, still hopes for the state to rise up from its ashes. Like Sketches of Rome decades earlier, Two Worlds was a eulogy to Rome's eternal glory, its hero fighting Christianity, driven by the belief that Rome is another Heaven, "its dome embracing Earth." While in his earlier years <mask> was greatly intrigued by antiquity, later in life he became more interested in Christianity and its dramatic stand against oppressors. While some contemporaries praised <mask> for his objectivity and scholarly attitude, the Orthodox Christian critics considered him to be "too much of a heathen" who failed to show Christianity in its true historical perspective. Later literary historians viewed <mask>'s historical dramas favourably, crediting the author for neutrality and insight. <mask>'s antiquity "lives and breathes, it is anything but dull," wrote critic F. Zelinsky in 1908. For the Two Worlds Maykov received The Russian Academy of Sciences' Pushkin Prize in 1882.Last years In 1858 Grigory Kushelev-Bezborodko published the first Maykov anthology Poems by Ap. <mask>. In 1879 it was expanded and re-issued by Vladimir Meshchersky. The Complete Maykov came out in 1884 (its second edition following in 1893). In the 1880s <mask>'s poetry was dominated by religious and nationalistic themes and ideas. According to I. Yampolsky, only a few of his later poems ("Emshan", "The Spring", 1881) had 'indisputable artistic quality'. In his later years the poet wrote almost nothing new, engaging mostly in editing his earlier work and preparing them for compilations and anthologies."<mask> lived the quiet, radiant life of an artist, evidently not belonging to our times... his path was smooth and full of light. No strife, no passions, no persecution," wrote Dmitry Merezhkovsky in 1908. Although this generalization was far from the truth, according to biographer F. Priyma, it certainly expressed the general public's perception of him. <mask> <mask> died in Saint Petersburg On March 8, 1897. "His legacy will always sound as the mighty, harmonious and very complicated final chord to the Pushkin period of Russian poetry," wrote Arseny Golenishchev-Kutuzov in the Ministry of Education's obituary. <mask>'s initial rise to fame, according to the Soviet scholar Fyodor Pryima, had a lot to do with Pushkin and Lermontov's untimely deaths, and the feeling of desolation shared by many Russian intellectuals of the time. Vissarion Belinsky, who discovered this new talent, believed it was up to Maykov to fill this vacuum."The emergence of this new talent is especially important in our times, when in the devastated Church of Art... we see but grimacing jesters entertaining dumb obscurants, egotistic mediocrities, merchants and speculators," Belinsky wrote, reviewing <mask>'s debut collection. Hailing the emergence of a new powerful talent, Belinsky unreservedly supported the young author's 'anthological' stylizations based upon the poetry of Ancient Greece, praising "the plasticity and gracefulness of the imagery," the virtuosity in the art of the decorative, the "poetic, lively language" but also the simplicity and lack of pretentiousness. "Even in Pushkin's legacy this poem would have rated among his best anthological pieces," Belinsky wrote about the poem called "The Dream". Still, he advised the author to leave the 'anthological' realm behind as soon as possible and expressed dissatisfaction with poems on Russia's recent history. While admitting "Who's He" (a piece on Peter the Great, which some years later found its way into textbooks) was "not bad", Belinsky lambasted "Two Coffins", a hymn to Russia's victories over Karl XII and Napoleon. <mask>'s debut collection made him one of the leading Russian poets. In the 1840s "his lexical and rhythmic patterns became more diverse but the style remained the same, still relying upon the basics of classical elegy," according to the biographer Mayorova, who noted a strange dichotomy between the flamboyant wording and static imagery, and pointed to the "insurmountable distance between the poet and the world he pictured."After Belinsky's death, <mask> started to waver between the two camps of the Westernizers and the Slavophiles, and the critics, accordingly, started to treat his work on the basis of their own political views in relation to the poet's changing ideological stance. <mask>'s 1840s' "natural school"- influenced poems were praised (and published) by Nikolay Nekrasov. His later works, expressing conservative, monarchist and anti-'nihilist' views, were supported by Dostoyevsky, who on more than one occasion pronounced Maykov Russia's major poet. In his 1895 article for the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, the philosopher and critic Vladimir Solovyov argued that <mask>'s dominant characteristics were "a serene, contemplating tone, elaborate patterns, a distinct and individual style (in form, although not in colors) with a relatively lackluster lyric side, the latter suffering obviously from too much attention to details, often at the expense of the original inspiration." <mask>'s best works were, the critic opined, "powerful and expressive, even if not exceptionally sonorous." Speaking of <mask>'s subject matter, Solovyov was almost dismissive:Two major themes form the foundation of Maykov's poetry, the Ancient Greek aesthetic and historical myths of the Byzantine-Russian politics; bonded only by the poet's unreserved love for both, never merge... The concept of Byzantium, as the second Rome, though, has not crystallized as clear and distinct in the poet's mind as that of the original Roman Empire.He loves Byzantine/Russia in its historical reality, refusing to admit its faults and contradictions, tending to glorify even such monsters as Ivan the Terrible, whose "greatness", he believes, will be "recognised" in due time. [...] There was also a kind of background theme in his earlier work, the pastoral pictures of beautiful Russian nature, which the poet had all the better reason to enjoy for being a devout fisherman. The modernist critic Yuly Aykhenvald, analyzing the cliché formula that bonded "<mask>, Polonsky and Fet" into a solid group of similar-minded authors, alleged that <mask> "to a lesser extent than the other two freed himself from the habit of copying classics" and "in his earlier works was unoriginal, producing verse that shone with reflected light." Not even his passionate love for classics could help the author submerge "wholly into the pagan element," the critic opined.He was a scholar of antiquity and his gift, self-admittedly "has been strengthened by being tempered in the fire of science." As a purveyor of classicism, his very soul was not deep or naive enough to fully let this spirit in or embrace the antique idea of intellectual freedom. Poems, inhabited by naiads, nymphs, muses and dryads, are very pretty, and you can't help being enchanted by these ancient fables. But he gives you no chance to forget for a moment that – what for his ancient heroes was life itself, for him is only a myth, a 'clever lie' he could never believe himself.All <mask>'s strong points, according to the critic, relate to the fact that he learned painting, and, in a way, extended the art into his poetry. Aykhenvald gives him unreserved credit for the "plasticity of language, the unequalled turn at working on a phrase as if it was a tangible material." Occasionally "his lines are so interweaved, the verse looks like a poetic calligraphy; a scripturam continuam... Rarely passionate and showing only distant echoes of original inspiration, <mask>'s verse strikes you with divine shapeliness... <mask>'s best poems resemble statues, driven to perfection with great precision and so flawless as to make a reader feel slightly guilty for their own imperfection, making them inadequate to even behold what's infinitely finer than themselves," the critic argued. Another Silver Age critic who noticed how painting and fishing might have influenced <mask>'s poetry was Innokenty Annensky. In his 1898 essay on Maykov he wrote: "A poet usually chooses their own, particular method of communicating with nature, and often it is sports. Poets of the future might be cyclists or aeronauts.Byron was a swimmer, Goethe a skater, Lermontov a horse rider, and many other of our poets (Turgenev, both Tolstoys, Nekrasov, Fet, Yazykov) were hunters. <mask> was a passionate fisherman and this occupation was in perfect harmony with his contemplative nature, with his love for a fair sunny day which has such a vivid expression in his poetry." Putting <mask> into the "masters of meditation" category alongside Ivan Krylov and Ivan Goncharov, Annensky continued: "He was one of those rare harmonic characters for whom seeking beauty and working upon its embodiments was something natural and easy, nature itself filling their souls with its beauty. Such people, rational and contemplative, have no need for stimulus, praise, strife, even fresh impressions... their artistic imagery growing as if from soil. Such contemplative poets produce ideas that are clear-cut and 'coined', their images are sculpture-like," the critic argued. Annensky praised <mask>'s gift for creating unusual combinations of colors, which was "totally absent in Pushkin's verse, to some extent known to Lermontov, 'a poet of mountains and clouds' ...and best represented by the French poets Baudelaire and Verlaine." "What strikes one is <mask>'s poetry's extraordinary vigor, the freshness and firmness of the author's talent: Olympians and the heroes of Antiquity whom he befriended during his childhood years… must have shared with him their eternal youth," Annensky wrote.D. S. Mirsky called <mask> "the most representative poet of the age," but added: "<mask> was mildly 'poetical' and mildly realistic; mildly tendentious, and never emotional. Images are always the principal thing in his poems. Some of them (always subject to the restriction that he had no style and no diction) are happy discoveries, like the short and very well known poems on spring and rain. But his more realistic poems are spoiled by sentimentality, and his more 'poetic' poems hopelessly inadequate — their beauty is mere mid-Victorian tinsel. Few of his more ambitious attempts are successful." By the mid-1850s <mask> had acquired the reputation of a typical proponent of the "pure poetry" doctrine, although his position was special. Yet, according to Pryima, "Maykov was devoid of snobbishness and never saw himself occupying some loftier position even when mentioning 'crowds'.His need in communicating with people is always obvious ("Summer Rain", "Haymaking", "Nights of Mowing", The Naples Album). It's just that he failed to realize his potential as a 'people's poet' to the full." "Maykov couldn't be seen as equal to giants like Pushkin, Lermontov, Koltsov, or Nekrasov," but still "occupies a highly important place in the history of Russian poetry" which he greatly enriched, the critic insisted. In the years of <mask>'s debut, according to Pryima, "Russian poetry was still in its infancy... so even as an enlightener, Maykov with his encyclopedic knowledge of history and the way of approaching every new theme as a field for scientific research played an unparalleled role in the Russian literature of the time." "His spectacular forays into the 'anthological' genre, as well as his translations of classics formed a kind of "antique Gulf Stream" which warmed up the whole of Russian literature, speeding its development," another researcher, F. F. Zelinsky, agreed. <mask>'s best poems ("To a Young Lady", "Haymaking", "Fishing", "The Wanderer"), as well his as translations of the Slavic and Western poets and his poetic rendition of Slovo o Polku Igoreve, belong to the Russian poetry classics, according to Pryima. Selected bibliography Poetry collections Poems by A.N.<mask> (1842) Sketches of Rome (Otcherki Rima, 1847) 1854.Poems (Stikhotvoreniya, 1854) The Naples Album (Neapolsky albom, 1858) Songs of Modern Greece (Pesni novoy Gretsii, 1860) Dramas Three Deaths (Tri smerti, 1857) Two Worlds (Dva mira, 1882) Major poems Two Fates (Dve sudby, 1845) Mashenka (1946) Dreams (Sny, 1858) The Wanderer (Strannik, 1867) Princess*** (Knyazhna, 1878) Bringilda (1888) Notes References External links Apollon Maykov Poem All works by Apollon Maykov Russian male poets 1821 births 1897 deaths People from Moscow Pushkin Prize winners 19th-century poets 19th-century Russian male writers Dramatists and playwrights of the Russian Empire Translators of the Russian Empire Poets of the Russian Empire Saint Petersburg State University alumni Literary critics of the Russian Empire Essayists of the Russian Empire 19th-century Russian translators Privy Councillor (Russian

John Conomos

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<mask> (born 28 January 1947) is an artist, critic and writer, and Associate Professor and Principal Fellow at Victorian College of the Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, the University of Melbourne. His books, essays and artworks are framed within four traditions of contemporary art: Anglo–American and Australian cultural studies, critical theory and post-structuralism. Conomos has been an active participant in Australian film and small magazine culture since the mid-1960s, when he was affiliated with the Sydney Push. Conomos works across a number of art forms – video, new media, installation art, radiophonic art and photo-performance – and his written oeuvre includes cultural and film aesthetics, art criticism and theory, new media and critical theory. Conomos received a New Media Arts Board Fellowship in 2000 and developed two major projects during this time, Aura and Cyborg Ned. Writing and publishing projects Since the 1970s, Conomos has been an art, film and media essayist, both in Australia and overseas, as well as a critic and writer responsible for many articles, book chapters, reviews, critiques and commentary for local and international journals, anthologies and magazines. He was a co-founding editor (with Brian Langer and Eddy Jokovich) of the arts journal Scan+.In 1995, Conomos spoke on interactive art at Sydney's Biennale of Ideas Symposium. He was a new media critic for the Sydney Morning Herald in the 1990s, and in 1999 was appointed the Sydney editor for the London-based journal Contemporary. His main books include: Mutant Media: Essays on Cinema, Video Art and New Media (2008), a collection of essays; Anti-Kythera Conversations (2010) and Kythera Conversations (2010); and two anthologies co-edited with Brad Buckley; Republics of Ideas: Republicanism Culture Visual Arts (2001);, Rethinking the Contemporary Art School: The Artist, the PhD and the Academy (2009), and Ecologies of Invention (2013). He has been a contributor to periodicals, journals and newspapers around the world since the 1970s, including the now defunct Filmnews, Continuum: The Australian Journal of Media & Culture and RealTime. Also, with Brad Buckley, Conomos has published a major illustrated monograph, Brad Buckley/<mask>s, published by the Australian Centre for Photography in 2013. Other contributions include chapter articles in Catherine Simpson, Renata Murawska and Anthony Lambert's Diasporas of Australian Cinema (2009) published by Intellect; James Elkins' What Do Artists Know? (2012) published by Penn State University Press; Sean Cubitt and Paul Thomas' collection Relive: Media Art Histories (2013) published by The MIT Press; and the foreword to Video Void (2014), published by Australian Scholarly Publishing.Curatorial work Conomos in the 1980s was a film curator, programmer and researcher for the Australian Film Institute, Paddington. There, Conomos was responsible for the film programs: Cahiers Du Cinema in the Fifties, Early German Expressionist Cinema, The Evil Eye (Religion in the Cinema), Cinematheque Series: Ken Russell, François Truffaut, Horror Film (a retrospective), Through Other People's Eyes (Multicultural Cinema) and Archetypes (with Mark Jackson and Mark Stiles). Conomos towards the late 1980s was also a video art and new media curator/consultant and researcher for the Australian International Video Festival and Electronic Media Arts (Australia). He was a director of both organisations and, was also media artist-in-residence for Electronic Media Arts (Australia). Since the 1970s, Conomos has also been a film program consultant and researcher for the Sydney Film Festival, Melbourne International Film Festival and the Adelaide Film Festival and for local and international academic and cultural institutions and organisations, galleries and museums in Australia, England, Greece, France, Canada, Germany and the United States of America. Academia Conomos has worked as an academic since 1985, including College of Fine Arts, University of New South Wales; the University of Technology, Sydney; and the Sydney College of the Arts, University of Sydney. Videography Conomos' videos and installations have been exhibited throughout Australia, France, England, the United States of America, Canada, China, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and New Zealand, and reviewed in cited in Artforum International, Art and Australia, Screen, Senses of Cinema, Cantrill Filmnotes, Art Monthly, Photofile, Broadsheet, Eyeline, Metro Magazine, Vertigo (London), Variant (Liverpool, UK), The Times Higher Education Supplement, Heat, Tate Modern Catalogue and Art Survey, RealTime, Continuum and Scanlines.Museum of Fire (with Chris Caines and David Haines), 1991. White Light (with David Haines), 1991. Night Sky, 1995. Slow Burn, 1996. Autumn Song, 1998. Album Leaves, 1999. Aura, 2003.Cyborg Ned, 2003. Autumn Song, Take Two, 1998–2008. Lake George (After Mark Rothko), 2008. Rat-a-tat-tat, 2008. Shipwreck, 2011. Dada Buster, 2013. The Spiral of Time, 2013.Nocturnal Beach, 2013. The Absent Sea, 2013. Paging Mr Hitchcock, 2014. Miro on the Beach, 2014. The Girl from the Sea, 2014. Radiophonic works Smoke in the Woods, 1998. Cinema of Solitude (with Robert Lloyd), 2001.The Bells of Toledo, 2008. Other resources George Alexander, Australian Perspecta, Exhibition catalogue, Art Gallery of New South Wales, 1989. Cathie Payne, 'Visible Spaces, Electronic Records: <mask>s and Tracey Moffatt,' in Nicholas Zurbrugg (ed. ), 'Electronic Arts in Australia', Continuum, Vol. 8, No.1, 1994, pp. 318–327. Michael Maziere, 'Passing through the Image', in Julia Knight (ed), Diverse Practices, University of London and The Arts Council of England, 1996.Nicholas Papastergiadis, Dialogues in Diaspora, Rivers Oram Press, London and New York, 1998. Helen Macallan, 'Autumn Song: <mask>s' Work of Mourning', Heat, 10, 1998. George Kouvaras, 'Nocturnal Kinship: Cinema and memory in <mask>s', Album Leaves, Screening the Past, No.13, 2001, Melbourne. Tom Holert, 'Unsentimental Education', Artforum, Summer Issue, 2010. References External links Official website 1947 births Australian artists University of Sydney faculty Living people

Lior

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<mask>, better known simply as <mask>, is an independent Australian singer-songwriter based in Melbourne. He is best known for his 2005 debut studio album Autumn Flow and for the song "Hoot's Lullaby". Early life and education <mask> was born in Rishon LeZion, Israel and he and his family moved to Sydney when he was 10. They made their first Australian home in Lane Cove, and Lior studied at Killara High School and the University of New South Wales. Career 2000-2007: Early EP, Autumn Flow & Doorways of My Mind In 2000, <mask> released his debut extended play The Soul Suicide EP. In October 2004, <mask> recorded his debut studio album Autumn Flow. He sent it to a number of record labels but failed to secure a deal, and released the album independently, late in 2004.In 2015, Lior recalled the first time he heard a song of his on the radio station, Triple J; "I'd just done the so-called tour to launch the album but it didn't have any sort of exposure or radio play, so no-one really knew what it was. I went up and down the east coast with a band and lost all my money. I was feeling really defeated and quite sorry for myself, going 'how am I going to do this', and the song ("This Old Love") came on." Autumn Flow made its ARIA chart debut in early 2005, peaking at number 45. Lior has toured with the WOMAD festival in 2005 to the UK, Singapore and Korea. Lior also performed at the Spiegeltent throughout the world, and the Make Poverty History concerts in Australia. At ARIA Music Awards of 2005, the album was nominated for three awards; Breakthrough Artist, Best Male Artist, and Best Independent Release.In 2005, the album was one of the fifteen nominees for radio station triple j's inaugural J Award, given to "an album of outstanding achievement as an Australian musical work of art – for its creativity, innovation, musicianship and contribution to Australian music. Autumn Flow was certified gold by ARIA in 2006. In February 2006, Lior released a live album, Doorways of My Mind, recorded at the Northcote Social Club. The album consisted mostly of tracks from Autumn Flow as well as some new material such as "Diego and the Village Girl", "Burying Chances" and "Avinu Malkeinu" (a traditional prayer). At the ARIA Music Awards of 2006, the album was nominated for two awards; Best Independent Release and Best Blues and Roots Album. Lior moved from Sydney to Melbourne in 2007. 2008-2012: Corner of an Endless Road, Tumbling into the Dawn and Giggle and Hoot In February 2008, <mask> released his second studio album, Corner of an Endless Road.The album debuted at number 13 on the ARIA charts. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2008, the album was nominated for the Best Independent Release. In 2008, Lior toured extensively, both in his home country of Australia and abroad including feature performances at the Edinburgh Festival. In early 2009, he performed with the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra for a series of outdoor concerts. In 2009, Lior launched the Shadows and Light Tour, a collaboration with renowned shadow artists Stephen Mushin and Anna Parry; an interactive performance combining Lior's music with live shadow art performance and featured a season at the Sydney Opera House. In 2009, Lior was approached by children's television show Giggle and Hoot series producer Clare Gerber, and was asked to write a song. He agreed thinking "this could be fun" and wrote "Hoot's Lullaby".The song plays nightly on ABC 2 just before 7:00pm, and marks the end of children's programming on the channel for the day. In October 2010, <mask> released his third studio album Tumbling into the Dawn. The album peaked at number 26 on the ARIA charts. In 2011 <mask> wrote and recorded "Hey Hootabelle" for Giggle and Hoot. At the APRA Music Awards of 2012, the song won the APRA Award for Best Original Song Composed for Screen. 2013-2018: Compassion, Scattered Reflections & Between You and Me In September 2013, <mask> and Nigel Westlake premiered Compassion at the Sydney Opera House. Compassion is an orchestral song cycle for voice and orchestra consisting of original melodies and orchestration set to ancient texts in Hebrew and Arabic, all centred around the wisdom of compassion.The performance was recorded and the album of Compassion was released in November 2013. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2014, it won the ARIA Award for Best Classical Album. <mask> premiered Compassion in the US with the Austin Symphony Orchestra in 2016 and was subsequently awarded the Austin Table Critics' Award for Best Symphonic Performance of 2015-16 and in 2016 <mask> also won the Melbourne Music Prize Civic Choice Award for Compassion. In March 2014, <mask> released his fourth studio album Scattered Reflections. The album peaked at number 23 on the ARIA charts. In April 2015, <mask> was invited as the sole Australian artist to perform at the prestigious 100 year anniversary of the landing at Gallipoli, performing his song "Safety of Distance" with the Gallipoli choir leading in to the dawn service. In June 2015, Autumn Flow was re-released as a tenth anniversary edition.From December 2015, Lior played the part of Motel Kamzoil in Fiddler on the Roof at Melbourne's Princess Theatre. In 2016, Lior worked with producer Tony Buchen to write an orchestral score for The Wider Earth, a Queensland theatre production based on Charles Darwin's journey on HMS Beagle. At the 2016 Matilda Theatre Awards, the music won Best Original Theatre Score. In 2016 Lior co-wrote and recorded a children's album with The Idea of North & Elena Kats-Chernin for the HUSH Foundation. Created for the dual purpose of raising funds for the children's hospital as well as making original music to be played in the wards, the album A Piece of Quiet featured original music written to lyrics written by the children in the hospital wards and was released in October 2016. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2017, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Children's Album. Throughout 2018 Lior toured with Australian pianist and composer Paul Grabowsky in performing a collection of Lior's songs adapted and reinterpreted for piano and voice.In 2019 Lior featured as the guest vocalist for the Australian Chamber Orchestra's 'Luminous' tour which toured nationally in Australia as well as performances in the Barbican in London. In September 2018, Lior released his fifth studio album Between You and Me. In 2018 Lior was awarded a Fellowship of the Australian Institute of Music in recognition of outstanding achievements and services to Australian music. 2019-present: Air Land Sea & Animal in Hiding In 2019, Lior formed the musical group Air Land Sea with Nadav Kahn and Tony Buchen. The group released four singles and a self-titled studio album across 2019. In 2019 Lior was awarded the Sidney Myer Creative Fellowship awarded to artists who display exceptional talent and outstanding courage in their field. As part of the 2021 WOMADelaide concert series, Lior performed his symphony Compassion alongside composer Nigel Westlake and the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra.In 2021, Lior collaborated with fellow singer-songwriter Domini Forster on Animal in Hiding. Lior said "She's been my support act for awhile now, after awhile, she became the backing vocalist in my band and then leading up to my last solo album, we decided we'd have a crack at writing a song together." The EP is scheduled for released on 15 October 2021. Philanthropy In a 2015 interview, Lior mentioned working for the charities Cambodian Children's Trust and Global Poverty Project as well as supporting Oscar's Law. Discography Albums Studio albums Live albums Other albums Compilation albums Extended plays Singles As lead artist {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col"| Year ! scope="col"| Title !|- | rowspan="2" | 2006 |Autumn Flow | Best Performing Independent Album | |- | himself | Independent Artist of the Year | |- | rowspan="3" | 2008 | rowspan="2" |Corner of an Endless Road | Best Independent Album | |- | Best Independent Blues and Roots Album | |- | himself | Best Independent Artist | |- ARIA Music Awards The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Lior has won two awards from nine nominations. |- | rowspan="3"| 2005 | rowspan="3"| Autumn Flow| Best Male Artist | |- | Breakthrough Artist - Album | |- | Best Independent Release | |- | rowspan="2"| 2006 | rowspan="2"| Doorways of My Mind| Best Blues & Roots Album | |- | Best Independent Release | |- | 2008 | Corner of an Endless Road| Best Independent Release | |- | 2014 | Compassion (with Nigel Westlake & Sydney Symphony Orchestra) | Best Classical Album | |- | rowspan="2"| 2017 | Ali's Wedding (soundtrack) (with Nigel Westlake, Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Joseph Tawadros & Slava Grigoryan) | Best Original Soundtrack or Musical Theatre Cast Album | |- | A Piece of Quiet (The Hush Collection, Vol 16) (with The Idea of North & Elena Kats-Chernin) | Best Children's Album | APRA Awards The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually. Lior has won one award from five nominations. |- | 2006 | "Daniel" | Most Performed Blues & Roots Work | |- | 2009 | "Heal Me" | Most Performed Blues & Roots Work | |- | rowspan="2"| 2012 | "Hey Hootabelle" for Giggle and Hoot, written by Lior | Best Original Song Composed for the Screen | |- | Hootabelle| Best Music for Children's Television | |- | 2014 | Compassion | Work of the Year – Orchestral | |- J Award The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards that were established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. They commenced in 2005. |- | 2005 |Autumn Flow'' | Australian Album of the Year | References External links Official web site Living people APRA Award winners ARIA Award winners Australian male singers Australian people of Israeli descent Israeli emigrants to Australia Israeli Jews Jewish Australian musicians Singers from Melbourne University of New South Wales alumni Year of birth missing (living people)

Pilkington Jackson

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Charles d’<mask> ARSA, FRBS, FRSA (11 October 1887 – 20 September 1973) was a British sculptor prominent in Scotland in the 20th Century. Throughout his career he worked closely with the architect Sir Robert Lorimer. He is most noteworthy for his creation of one of Scotland’s most iconic landmarks, the statue of Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn. Early life Charles d'Orville was born at Garlenick near Grampound, Cornwall the son of Ethel Katie D'Orville. She married <mask> soon after, who may be presumed to be Charles' father, leading him to adopt his name in later life. Charles attended the Edinburgh Institution from 1905 and the newly established Edinburgh College of Art in 1907, studying design and sculpture. He graduated in 1910 and received a travelling scholarship of £100, which he used to visit the British School in Rome.Whilst in Rome he worked with Giacomo Boni on the rebuilding of the Arch of Titus. Career In 1911, on his return to Scotland, he established himself in a studio with William MacDonald, a bronze founder. During World War 1 he served with the British Army as a subaltern in the Royal Field Artillery and the Intelligence Corps in Egypt and Palestine, being Mentioned in Dispatches. After the war he received numerous commissions to design war memorials and these extend across the whole width and breadth of Scotland. He was appointed as "supervising sculptor" for the Scottish National War Memorial, which was planned and built within Edinburgh Castle between 1919 and 1927. He was also commissioned to create numerous memorials to famous Scots, including tableaux at the David Livingstone Centre, and a memorial to Elsie Inglis, on which he collaborated with Sir Frank Mears. In 1929 he went on holiday to Sweden with Robert Lorimer and visited the eminent Swedish sculptor Carl Milles whom he acknowledged as a great influence on his work.In the Second World War, although being far beyond the age of conscription at 52, he again joined the army, this time serving in Scotland as a Gun Operations Room Officer for coastal defence guns. He had an extremely long working career leading to his most famous commission, the statue of Robert the Bruce being executed in 1964 at the age of 76. The mounted statue of Robert the Bruce forms the focal point of the memorial to the 1314 Battle of Bannockburn, and is sited to face southwards, from which direction the English army approached. The statue and monument are listed at category A, and are included as one of the 60 DoCoMoMo Key Scottish Monuments of the post-war period. A copy of this sculpture stands at the Alberta College of Art and Design in Canada, and an alternative version of the monument, showing Bruce on a rearing horse, was later installed at the Chivas Brothers Distillery in Paisley. <mask> <mask> exhibited regularly at the Royal Scottish Academy, and was elected as an academician in 1956. He also served on the Royal Fine Art Commission for Scotland, and taught at Edinburgh College of Art in the late 1920s.<mask> died in Edinburgh on the 20 September 1973. His body was cremated and his ashes were buried at Lasswade Cemetery, at the North end of the modern section. He designed both his own gravestone (following the death of his wife, Eve Cornish Dening, 1885-1951), and that of his parents, which stands alongside. His son, Richard D'Orville <mask> <mask> (1921-2009), was interred in the same grave. Principal works 1910–1919 Plaque to Sophia Jex-Blake at Edinburgh University’s Medical School (1912) Memorial to Dr Ramsay Traquair Colinton Churchyard (1913) (to a design by Traquair’s wife) Memorial to his daughter-in-law Harriet E. Moore in Morningside Cemetery, Edinburgh (1919) Sculpture on the Scottish National War Memorial (1919-1927) at Edinburgh Castle in conjunction with Sir Robert Lorimer 1920–1924 Markinch war memorial (1920) Tarbrax war memorial (1920) West Linton war memorial (1920) Balquhidder war memorial (1920) Haddington war memorial (1920) St Mary’s Episcopal Cathedral War Memorial (1920) Memorial to the 5th Battalion Royal Scots in the Great War, St. Giles Cathedral (1921) “Scotsman” office war memorial (1921) Dalbeattie war memorial (1921) Castle Douglas war memorial (1921) Bank of Scotland war memorial in Royal Bank of Scotland, Glasgow Road, Edinburgh (1921) Heart of Midlothian war memorial, Haymarket, Edinburgh (1921) (Removed 2012 due to Edinburgh Trams project).

Lê Đức Anh

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<mask> (1 December 1920 – 22 April 2019) was a Vietnamese politician and general who served as the fourth President of Vietnam from 1992 to 1997. He previously led the Vietnamese forces in Cambodia throughout the 1980s. He was regarded as a conservative who advocated maintaining tight party control over domestic policies. Early life and military career <mask> was born in Phú Lộc District in Thừa Thiên–Huế Province. In August 1945, he joined the army. From October 1948 to 1950, he was chief of staff of the 7th Military Region, 8th Military Region and administrative region of Sai Gon–Cho Lon. From 1951 to 1954, served as Deputy Chief of Staff, acting Chief of Staff of Cochinchina.From August 1963, he served as Deputy Chief of General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army. February 1964, to the South Vietnam, position of Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff of the People's Liberation Armed Force (Vietcong). After his participation as a member of Việt Minh on the led by Ho Chi Minh August Revolution 1945, which led to the founding of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) on 2 September 1945, he began his military service in the North Vietnamese People's Army, the precursor of the Vietnamese People's Army ( Quân Đội Nhân Dân Việt Nam). First, he was a political officer in a battalion and then in the 301th Regiment. He was then first from October 1948 to 1950 Political Officer in the Military Region No. 7 (Đông Nam Bộ) with the seat in Saigon. In this function he took part between 1951 and 1954 in the Indochina War.After the Indochina Conference in 1954 in Geneva, he was an officer in the General Staff of the People's Army and promoted there in 1958 to the colonel (Đại tá). Between 1964 and 1968 he was head of the Human Resources Department of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (Việt Cộng). In 1969 he became commander of Military Region No. 9 in the Mekong Delta (đồng bằng sông Cửu Long). After his promotion to Lieutenant General (Trung tướng), he participated in the Vietnam War on the Ho Chi Minh campaign against South Vietnam from December 1974 to April 1975 as commander of the units in West Vietnam (Hướng Tāy Nam). In May 1976 he was then again commander of the Military Region No. 9, before he was commander and political commissar of the Military Region No.7 in Ho Chi Minh City from June 1978 to 1981. As such, in 1980 he was promoted to Colonel-General (Thượng tướng). As a general <mask> was the commander of the Vietnamese forces in the People's Republic of Kampuchea in the 1980s. He formulated five key points for the defence of Cambodia against Khmer Rouge re-infiltration and was the architect of the K5 Plan. Political career Later he entered politics and he held a succession of government posts. During his time as Defence Minister General he was already a major conservative voice in Vietnam's political system. In 1989, after the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, he warned about the alleged threat of the West undermining Vietnam's Communist Party, arguing for more army involvement in politics "at a time when Vietnamese socialism was under attack".Between 1976 and 1997 <mask> <mask> <mask> was also a member of the National Assembly (Quốc hội Việt Nam). From 1991 (to 1993) <mask> controlled Vietnamese policy towards Cambodia and China and therefore was involved in the normalisation of Vietnam's relations with China in November 1991. He was the first Vietnamese president to visit Beijing in 38 years since an official visit in November 1993 to discuss economic relations and territorial disputes in the South China Sea; however, consensus was achieved only on the former issue. In 1981 he was appointed Deputy Minister of Defense and Head of the Political Department in the Ministry of Defense (Bộ Quốc phòng). In the same year he was appointed commander of the Vietnamese army during the occupation of Cambodia and there in 1984 promoted to general. Between 1982 and 2001 he was also a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Bộ Chính trị Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam). After his return, he was the successor of the late in office General <mask> Trọng Tấn from December 1986 to February 1987 Chief of the General Staff of the Vietnamese People's Army (Tổng Tham mưu trưởng Quân đội Nhân dân Việt Nam).He then followed General Văn Tiến Dũng as Secretary of Defense and retained this position until his replacement by General Đoàn Khuê in 1992. President In September 1992, he was elected to the new post of state president, replacing a collective presidency. Although a mostly symbolic position, the presidency became much more important during his tenure. On September 23, 1992, he was the successor to Võ Chí Công Chairman of the State Council and thus President of Vietnam. This predominantly ceremonial office he held until his replacement by Trần <mask> Lương on 24 September 1997. For his services, General <mask> <mask> <mask> received several awards, including the Order of the Golden Star (Huân chương Sao vàng) and the Ho Chi Minh Order (Huân chương Hồ Chí Minh). Anh is considered by many to have been (ideologically) the most conservative (communist) among the three political leaders during his tenure.Prime Minister Võ Văn Kiệt was associated with the reform camp and therefore often disagreed with <mask>. Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Vietnam Đỗ Mười was ideologically more flexible and effectively came to be seen as representing the middle ground between <mask> and Kiệt, but seems to have tended towards conservative positions. His opposition to Kiệt's reform ambitions are part of a long-lasting rivalry. In 1991, <mask> joined Đỗ Mười to support him in his candidacy for party leadership against Võ Văn Kiệt. The Kiệt camp later spread rumours about wrongdoings <mask> was said to be involved in Cambodia. Resignation In mid-November 1996, he was hospitalized after a major stroke. This was at a time when the reform camp that he opposed was in decline and for some time his illness seemed to change the dynamics within the political leadership, weakening the conservative camp and reinvigorating the reform camp.However, Party leader Đỗ Mười led a counter-attack against the reform camp, warning of the dangers of the 'current market economy'. The conservative camp gained further momentum when <mask> surprisingly recovered in April 1997. He stepped down as president in September 1997 after the Communist Party Congress, was replaced by Trần <mask> Lương. He was an Advisor of the Party's Central Committee from December 1997 – 2001. Personal life In 1951, <mask> married his first wife, Phạm Thị <mask> (1925–2011). and had two daughters. In 1956, <mask> married his second wife, Võ Thị <mask> (1928 – 18 November 2016).and had one son and one daughter. On 21 February 2018, he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and was admitted to the Central Military Hospital 108 in Hanoi in critical condition. He was discharged in June and resumed public life, however he was readmitted in July. <mask> <mask> <mask> died on 22 April 2019 at the age of 98. He was given a state funeral on 3–4 May 2019. Death and road to funeral On 22 April 2019, <mask> <mask> <mask> died, aged 98, at 8:10 PM, local time, at house number 5A Hoàng Diệu in Hanoi. He was given a state funeral on 3–4 May, and his body lay in state at the national morgue in Hanoi until his burial in his home province of Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.See also K5 Plan References Sources Bolton, Kent (1999): "Domestic Sources of Vietnam's Foreign Policy: Normalizing Relations with the United States". in Thayer, Carlyle A., Amer, Ramses (ed. ): Vietnamese Foreign Policy in Transition. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore Thayer, Carlyle A. (1999): "Vietnamese Foreign Policy: Multilateralism and the Threat of Peaceful Evolution". in Thayer, Carlyle A., Amer, Ramses (1999): Vietnamese Foreign Policy in Transition. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore Wurfel, David (1999): "Between China and ASEAN: The Dialectics of Recent Vietnamese Foreign Policy".in Thayer, Carlyle A., Amer, Ramses (ed. ): Vietnamese Foreign Policy in Transition. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 1920 births 2019 deaths People from Thừa Thiên-Huế Province Presidents of Vietnam Vietnamese people of the Vietnam War People's Republic of Kampuchea Members of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam Ministers of Defence of Vietnam Deaths from cerebrovascular disease

Ricardo Breceda

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<mask> is an artist most well known for his large metal sculptures of animals. He was born in the town of Villa Unión in the state of Durango, Mexico, but now resides in Aguanga, California. He is unmarried and has two daughters, Lianna and Arabi. He originally worked as a cowboy boots salesman and a construction worker, but a construction accident caused him to leave the latter job. He made a metal sculpture of a Tyrannosaurus rex for his daughter Lianna after she asked for a dinosaur for Christmas following a viewing of Jurassic Park III. He continued work on sculptures, and was eventually discovered by a philanthropist named Dennis Avery who paid him to construct one piece. Avery then allowed Breceda to build more than 100 sculptures on his property at Galleta Meadows Estate.The sculptures are based on beasts found in a book that depicts now-fossilized creatures in the Anza Borrego Desert as well as mythological creatures. Notable statues made by Breceda include a stagecoach pulled by horses, a large serpent, and a Tyrannosaurus rex. <mask> was the subject of a book called "<mask>: Accidental Artist", and his art was cited by both The Huffington Post and The San Diego Union-Tribune as reasons why people should visit the Anza-Borrego Desert. His outdoor studio location, known for its rustic charm and open landscape, is located on Highway 79 in Aguanga, California. It is accessible to the public as a space to view the variety and scale of the artwork as well as purchase it. Early life <mask> was born in Durango, Mexico. He is a single parent to his daughter.He later moved to Borrego Springs, California. Career Breceda worked as a cowboy boots salesman in Durango, among other professions. He also worked as a construction worker, but suffered a construction accident and was injured. His inspiration for the statues came when he brought his then 6-year-old daughter to see the film Jurassic Park III in 2001. After the movie, he asked his daughter what she wanted for Christmas, and she replied that she wanted a dinosaur. A few weeks later, <mask> made his first metal statue, which was a 20-foot tall, 45-foot long Tyrannosaurus rex, for his daughter. This led to him to make more of these statues as a hobby, and eventually people began to show interest and offered to purchase some of his statues.In 2007, a philanthropist named Dennis Avery drove by his studio, then located in Perris, California. Avery asked Breceda to create statues on his property based on beasts featured in a book he financed about now-fossilized creatures once found in the Anza-Borrego Desert. Avery continued to request that Breceda create more of the beasts found in the book until he ran out of animals for Breceda to recreate. Once this happened, Breceda began work on statues based on mythical creatures. When Avery died in 2012, a fund was established to ensure that if storms or vandals damaged his statues, he would be able to repair them. By the time Avery had died, Breceda had finished 130 of the sculptures requested of him by Avery. The sculptures contributed to an increase in economic prosperity in Borrego Springs, which suffered from the Great Recession.He eventually moved to Borrego Springs. His metal works studio is found in the Vail Lake Resort RV Park just outside of Temecula, California near the Anza Borrego Desert. How <mask> became involved in making metal statues caused him to be called "The Accidental Artist." as well as "the Picasso of Steel". His sculptures generally sell anywhere between $100 and $700 and up. According to <mask>, he is a self-taught metal works artist. Some of <mask>'s sculptures include a stagecoach pulled by horses, a bear, and a scorpion.Breceda also makes statues of people, most of which are based on people from the old west (such as cowboys) and Native American figures. One of Breceda's most notable sculptures is a 350-foot serpent found in Borrego Springs whose head and body pops out of the sand. Other notable examples of Breceda's work includes fighting dinosaur statues and a series of wild horse sculptures as seen from Highway 79. His daughter assists in the sculpting of his statues. Breceda hosted an Open House Art and Music Festival at his studio in the Vail Lake Resort RV Park. The event played host to more than 20 local artists, and in addition to selling their art, these artists were also creating art at the event. The artists at the event include airbrush specialists, oil painters, canvas painters, chalk art, face painters and body painters.The event featured live music from bands, such as SantanaWays. Recognition According to Borrego Springs' Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Linda Haddock, the town receives thousands of visitors who come to see his art, and four out of five people who haven't been to the town before who visit the Chamber of Commerce office are looking to see his art. A biography about <mask> and his art work was written by biographer and historian Diana Lindsay. The book covers his early years as an artist, how he came to get into it, and other aspects of his life and career. <mask>'s sculptures were featured in a list of the 11 best art spots in Southern California outside of Los Angeles written by Priscilla Frank for The Huffington Post. The Anza-Borrego Desert was named as The San Diego Union-Tribunes fifth favorite state park, and used a picture of Breceda's serpent sculpture. Another article written by Carolina Gusman for The San Diego Union-Tribune recommended the Anza-Borrego Desert for people looking for a vacation that's low budget due in part to Breceda's sculptures.Alta Vista Botanical Gardens in Vista, California has acquired nine of <mask>'s sculptures, including a large five-piece serpent sculpture, which have been installed in various locations throughout the Gardens. References External links Location of working Sculpture garden Mexican sculptors Male sculptors American sculptors Artists from Durango Living people People from Perris, California People from Borrego Springs, California Year of birth missing (living people)

Charles Moore (photographer)

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<mask> (March 9, 1931 – March 11, 2010) was an American photographer known for his photographs documenting the Civil Rights Movement. Probably his most famous photo is of Martin Luther King Jr.'s arrest for loitering on September 3, 1958. It is this photo that sparked <mask>'s involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. Early life and education <mask> was born in 1931 in Hackleburg, Alabama. His father was a baptist minister. His mother died young. He has a younger brother, Jim, b.March 1936. After attending local schools, he served three years in the U.S. Marines as a photographer. Afterward he used the GI Bill to study at the Brooks Institute of Photography in Santa Barbara, California. He returned to Alabama, finding work as a photographer with the jointly owned morning and afternoon newspapers, Montgomery Advertiser and Alabama Journal. Career In 1958, while working in Montgomery, Alabama for the Montgomery Advertiser, he photographed an argument between the minister Martin Luther King Jr. and two policemen in Montgomery. His photographs were distributed nationally by the Associated Press, and published in Life. From this start, <mask> traveled throughout the South documenting the activities of the Civil Rights Movement.One of his most well-known photographs Birmingham, depicts demonstrators being attacked by firemen wielding high-pressure hoses., U.S. Senator Jacob Javits, said that <mask>'s pictures "helped to spur passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964." In 1962, <mask> left the newspapers to start a freelance career. He worked for the Black Star picture agency, which sold much of his work to Life magazine. <mask> covered the Vietnam War and conflicts in Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Haiti. He left warfare to work in nature, fashion and travel photography, in addition to corporate work. In 1989, <mask> was the first recipient of the Eastman Kodak Crystal Eagle Award for Impact in Photojournalism, which is awarded for a "body of photographic work which has influenced public perceptions on important issues of our time," in the NPPA–University of Missouri Pictures of the Year International Competition.In 2008, <mask>'s last photographs were of the removal of a tree at Barton Hall, a historic 1840s plantation home in northern Alabama. Involvement in the Civil Rights Movement On the day of September 3, 1958, <mask> was photographing a court case involving Ralph Abernathy for the Montgomery Advertiser when <mask> witnessed two policemen attempting to arrest Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. for loitering at the crowded courthouse. <mask> then followed as the two policemen took King to the police headquarters where he was charged and jailed for loitering. <mask> had been the only photographer present, only because he was working to document Abernathy's case, and so his photo of King's arrest is the only one available. Life Magazine then picked up this photo and published it along with a collection of <mask>'s work over the next few years. <mask> in 1961, now working for Life, heard of James Meredith's attempts to enroll at the segregated University of Mississippi, and went with a few other photographers to document the events. When he arrived two days before Meredith would be escorted to the campus, however, "[a] pack of enraged white students shoved their way into <mask>'s hotel room, shouting and cursing.One began to choke him before the former Golden Gloves boxer pushed him away". The day of Meredith's arrival, <mask> attempted to begin photographing the mob, but he was readily identified as a photographer and the mob threatened him again. Knowing he would need to get through the mob without being recognized, he bought a gas mask, and sneaked onto the campus with a student—his camera was hidden in the trunk of the car where the police did not check before they were allowed on campus. Due to the mob's attempts to keep the riot undocumented, <mask>'s photos are the only photos of the riot. May 2, 1963 was Phase III--"D-Day"—of "Project C" when more than a thousand children stayed out of school to march in Birmingham. <mask> arrived in Birmingham on the 3rd when he heard reports of attacks on the demonstrators, and he immediately began documenting the events of the march. Some of the photos show the Birmingham Fire Department spraying the demonstrators with their pressure-hoses.Others show the policemen releasing their dogs on the demonstrators, tearing and ripping the clothes of the men, women, and children. These photos are shown in Life Magazine and "Birmingham stayed on the front pages of the Times and the Post for twelve days". One month later, when Alabama's Governor Wallace went to the University of Alabama campus to bar black students from registering, President Kennedy addressed Wallace's actions as well as the events in Birmingham, saying, "The events in Birmingham and elsewhere have so increased the cries for equality that no city or State or legislative body can prudently choose to ignore them". These photos even gained international attention with "[p]hotographs appear[ing] in newspapers throughout the world and the...story...told in many languages." After witnessing demonstrators being beaten in the Selma marches, <mask> needed to take a break from documenting the movement; "I had been involved in so much ugliness and I realized that I needed to do something else". When <mask> was in California, "doing a sex education assignment for the Saturday Evening Post", he heard news of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. This was the end of <mask>'s work in the movement, and he would not be recognized for his position in the movement until twenty years later.His work was entered in the first annual Kodak Crystal Eagle Award, and he won, sparking a renewed interest in his work. Death <mask> died at age 79 of complications related to Alzheimer's disease on March 11, 2010 in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. Publications Powerful Days: The Civil Rights Photography of <mask>. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2001. . The Motherlode. San Francisco: Chronicle, 2006. Films I Fight With My Camera (2005) – video See also List of photographers of the civil rights movement Race Riot painting by Andy Warhol References External links - <mask>'s Birmingham photographs Collection of <mask> photographs on Kodak.com <mask> - post-mortem audio story and slideshow by NPR <mask>'s final photography 2008 1931 births 2010 deaths People from Marion County, Alabama People from Montgomery, Alabama American photojournalists Journalists from Alabama

Monika Richarz

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<mask> (born 8 June 1937) is a German historian. The focus of her work is on the social history of the Jewish minority in Germany, and the relationships between the Germans and the Jews. In talking about her area of expertise, she likes to explain that there is a whole lot more to "Jewish history" than Auschwitz ("...jüdische Geschichte weit mehr umfasst als Auschwitz."). Between 1993 and her retirement in 2001 she was the director of the Hamburg based "Institute for the History of German Jews" ("Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden"). Life Childhood in wartime <mask> was born in Berlin, and spent the first part of her childhood in the relatively quite Zehlendorf quarter. Her father (like his father before him) was a mechanical engineer. When war came, slightly more than two years after Monika's birth, he avoided conscription because of his health.He worked, instead, for the Technical Emergency Assistance Service ("Technische Nothilfe"), which involved reinstating gas, electricity and water supplies after air-raids on the city. He never joined the Nazi Party, although his daughter later described her parents as Nazi "fellow travellers", not actively involved in Nazi crimes, but not actively distancing themselves from the government either. <mask>'s mother was a teacher of domestic sciences, and was also involved in teacher training. In 1943 she and her mother were evacuated to Neuruppin, a small town a short distance to the north of Berlin. Later they moved again, going to live with her grandmother at Meiningen in Thuringia. It was therefore not in bombed out Berlin, but in small town Germany that at the age of 7 the child first experienced the horror of air-raids, first saw dead bodies being pulled out of rubble, and was first terrified by dive bombers on the walk to school. When war ended in 1945 <mask> was summoned back to Berlin by her father.Back in Thuringia her sister was born soon afterwards, and in 1946 the family were reunited in Berlin-Zehlendorf. Although much of Berlin and the surrounding countryside were by now administered as the Soviet occupation zone, the western part of the city was subdivided into occupation zones controlled by British, US and French forces. Zehlendorf was in the US zone. Although she would participate in the student riots of 1968, <mask> <mask> nevertheless retained many positive memories of the US occupation forces. She wore clothes donated by American Quakers and, with other children, became accustomed to asking "chocolate please" after gathering in front of a house in the neighbourhood that had been commandeered, and identified itself with a "No loitering" sign. During the next few years, within Berlin, the family were obliged to relocate frequently. Economically, however, as the rubble was cleared away, her father's skills were much prized, and he worked on reconstruction of the energy infrastructure in the eastern part of Berlin, not yet separated by the political, economic and physical barriers that would later divide the city according to the occupation zones established in 1945.After October 1949 the Soviet occupation zone was relaunched as the German Democratic Republic and political differences between the two new Germanys became progressively harder to ignore. <mask>'s father resigned abruptly from his work in East Berlin after deciding he no longer wished to be placed under sustained pressure to join the recently created Socialist Unity Party (SED) which by this time was well on the way to becoming the ruling party in a new kind of one-party dictatorship, under Soviet sponsorship and subject to Soviet political and social constraints. He appears to have had no difficulty finding well paid work in West Berlin, where he later obtained a position as the director of a gas works. <mask> was educated at a private school in the city. There were no books, and history was taught using hectograph copied sheets. The twentieth century was carefully excluded from the syllabus, but various earlier periods were studied intensively. She passed her school final exams ("Abitur") in 1956, which in principal cleared the way for admission to university level education.However, her father had died in 1954 and her mother had thereby become acutely aware of the need for women to be able to support themselves financially. <mask> <mask> was persuaded to apply to train as a school teacher. Inwardly Richarz was not keen on this plan, and it was probably as a result of what today would be termed "passive resistance" that she successfully avoided being accepted as a trainee teacher. Student Instead she enrolled at Bonn University. After an "orientation term" she switched from Bonn to the Free University of Berlin where she studied History and, in particular, Medieval History. Shortly after embarking on her student career, in 1958, Richarz undertook a student exchange visit to Poland. The trip included Warsaw, Krakow and the nearby former concentration camp at Auschwitz.She was much affected. One of the things that most struck her, in 1958, was the contrasting approaches in Poland and in West Germany to the residuum from the destruction of the war and the murder of the Jews. The Free University, where she studied till successfully completing her degree in 1962, had an unusual, albeit brief, history, reflecting Berlin's wider political postwar tensions. Berlin's Humboldt University had ended up in the Soviet occupation zone in 1945, and was hurriedly but thoroughly modernised along Soviet principals. Following a series of student arrests and even, some said, executions, in 1947 students at the Humboldt demanded a university free from political influence. After several more months of largely low level confrontation between the students and the Soviet-backed authorities, a number of Berlin academics and politicians, eventually with the necessary backing of the US governor, General Clay, created of an alternative free university in the US administered sector. The Free University's first lectures were delivered in November 1948.By the time <mask> <mask> enrolled there were already 10,846 students. The recent date of the university's foundation meant that, unusually in Germany, it was institutionally unencumbered by the shadows of a Nazi past. Its pioneering spirit attracted large numbers of overseas students and a number of returning high profile German academics who had been forced into exile for reasons of politics and race during the Nazi years. One of these was Adolf Leschnitzer (1899-1980), who after 1939 had built a successful academic career in New York, but who combined this, after 1952, with a post as a visiting professor at the Free University of Berlin, where he taught for one term each year over a period of twenty years. Between 1957 and 1972 Leschnitzer was Honorary Professor for Jewish History and Culture. One of his students was <mask> <mask>. Indeed, she would continue to attend his seminars till 1972, one of just two women in his (never large) seminar group.Accurately summarizing Leschnitzer's career progression, she later described him as "a mixture of German secondary school teacher and American professor", while going on to add that for her, and for post war fellow students of Jewish provenance, he had unlocked the door to a completely new way of understanding Jewish culture. In August 1961 Richarz was still studying for her history degree. That month the sudden appearance of the "Anti-fascist protection wall" had an immediate personal impact on fellow students from East Berlin who found their route to the Free University being blocked. Spontaneously the members of Prof. Leschnitzer's seminar group became people smugglers, organising false identity papers and smuggling friends, hidden under cars, into West Berlin. It was, Richarz later reflected, "all very very dramatic". The next year she completed her exams and embarked on a probationary year as a trainee teacher. Her mother's imprecations on the need financial security had had their effect.However, after the excitement of university life, she found her days in school "deadly boring", and the pro-Nazi nostalgia ("braune Gesinnung") displayed by several colleagues she accompanied on a school expedition to Obersalzberg, "scandalous". Academic and scholar In 1964 she managed to negotiate a part time post at the Berlin Historical Commission ("Historische Kommission zu Berlin"), where she remained as a researcher till 1969. <mask> <mask> submitted her doctoral dissertation in 1969. She had visited no fewer than 26 archives. She was not always well received. Many archivists suspected that anyone researching German Jewish history was simply bent on gathering evidence of anti-semitism. She received her doctorate in 1970 for a piece of work on the entry of Jews into the academic professions ("Eintritt der Juden in die akademischen Berufe").The qualification, awarded by the Free University of Berlin, came with a coveted "magna cum laude" citation. After this, for two years between 1970 and 1972, she was employed by the West German Bundestag (national parliament) as a researcher in connection with an exhibition being staged in West Berlin in the "old Reichstag building" (as it was known at that time). The exhibition, presented under the title "Questions on German history" ("Fragen an die Deutsche Geschichte"), was timed to coincide with the centenary of German unification. This was followed by relocation to New York City, where Richarz worked as a research fellow at the Leo Baeck Institute between 1972 and 1979. She quickly found she had integrated herself into three contrasting worlds: she lived in the city's Lower East Side, "more or less a Puerto Rican slum" (Richarz) with empty houses, collapsed buildings, high crime and a developing fashion in the neighbourhood for Voodoo cult practices; she was also soon participating in a long string of animated discussions with members of the New York feminist movement, and each day she commuted to Upper West Side for her work at the institute. One major result of her eight years in New York was a volume entitled "Jewish life in Germany: memoirs from three centuries" / "Jüdisches Leben in Deutschland: Selbstzeugnisse zur Sozialgeschichte" which, reflecting the trends in social history at the time, comprised a large collection of autobiographical memoirs. (The institute holds additional memoirs that she collected which never made it into print.)Collecting the many testimonies sometimes involved unconventional research methods, as she sought out written records inherited by their writers' heirs. She cultivated excellent relations with the book keeper of a firm of undertakers that numbered, among its clients, the families of a large number of German Jewish emigrants. Each of the three volumes in which the work eventually appeared included a lengthy introduction by Richarz, setting out her methods with clarity and providing readable insightful summaries which covered each of the three epochs of German Jewish history into which the volumes were arranged. The collection also highlights the extent to which many of the people whose writings it features lived in rural Germany which, as Richarz was quick to point out, comprehensively refuted the stereotyping of German Jews as inhabitants only of the large cities. That theme was one to which she returned after moving back to Germany. In 1993, working jointly with , and again under the auspices of the Leo Baeck Institute, she produced a compilation entitled "Jewish life in the countryside: studies on German Jewish history" ("Jüdisches Leben auf dem Lande: Studien zur deutsch-jüdischen Geschichte"). In 1983 <mask> took over as director of the Germania Judaica in Cologne, a library concerned with the history of German Jews.She arrived at a difficult time, shortly after Prof. Hermann Greive had been shot dead by a firearms-obsessed former student called Sabine Gehlhaar, while delivering a seminar in the library. This had a traumatising impact on the institution. Richarz nevertheless acquired a new zest for teaching, taking on roles as a guest lecturer at the Academy for Jewish Studies in Heidelberg and at Zürich university. She retained her post at the Germania Judaica till 1993. On 1 December 1993 she took up an appointment as director of the "Institute for the History of German Jews" ("Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden"), in Hamburg, and was able, with the support of younger colleagues, notably Stefan Rohrbacher, Andreas Brämer, and Beate Meyer, both to improve its hitherto precarious finances and to raise significantly the level of activity. <mask> used her formidable network of contacts to raise the institute's profile internationally. She herself also continued with her teaching activities and, on 27 November 1996 accepted a professorship from the university.<mask> <mask> retired from her directorship of the institute formally in 2001, to be succeeded by Stefanie Schüler-Springorum. References People from Steglitz-Zehlendorf 20th-century historians 21st-century historians Historians of Germany Scholars of antisemitism Historians of Jews and Judaism 1937 births Living people Free University of Berlin alumni

Stomy Bugsy

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Gilles Duarte (; born 21 May 1972), better known by his stage name <mask>, is a French rapper and actor from Sarcelles, France. Biography Born of parents from the Republic of Cape Verde, Duarte helped found hip hop group Ministere AMER, however in 1996 he decided to launch his own solo career and influenced with West Coast and gangsta rap from California with the album Le Calibre qu'il te faut (The size that you need). He gained important success with the single "Mon papa à moi est un gangster". His recent release is Royalties in 2015, released online on April 27, 2015. Duarte has also had several acting roles especially Ma 6-T va crack-er in 1997, 3 Zeros in 2001, Gomèz and Tavares in 2003, Nèg maron in 2005 and Anna Meyer, assistante de choc in 2006, Aliker in 2008 which he portrayed André Aliker, a Martinican Communist journalist in the 1930s, he later appeared in Bye Bye Blondie (2012), an adaptation of a book by Virginie Despentes. Stage name His origin of the stage name was known in the 1980s his second part of the name <mask> is named after the mafia <mask>l Personal life He has a son, Bilal, born in 1992, he started his rapping career in 2013. <mask> is the nephew of the former Thai boxing champion Aurelién Duarte.Nâdiya) Ho lé lé lé (Cabo Verde) (feat. Izé) "Motivation" "Viens avec moi" (feat Passi) "Sois Hardcore" (2008) Remix version by Alpha 5.20, Tequilla, James Kpage, Lino Despo Rutti and a few others "Même pas mort" (2008) "Demain j'arrête" (2009) Other recordings and collaborations Partial list 1995: Ministère A.M.E.R. - "Sacrifices de poulets" on the film soundtrack La Haine Hamed Daye feat. <mask> Bugsy - "Travail au corps" on the compilation L'Art D'Utiliser Son Savoir by DJ Desh 1996: <mask> <mask> - "Le prince des lascars" (Casino Mysto Remix) on the maxi Le Prince Des Lascars Stomy Bugsy feat. Karlito - "Bouche à bouche à un mort", on the CD single Oh Lé Lé Lé Stomy Bugsy feat. Les Rongeurs - "Show Lapin" (Bunny Show) on the maxi Oh Lé Lé Lé Remixes 1997: Nèg' Marrons feat. Ministère AMER, Doc Gynéco, Hamed Daye & Ärsenik - "Tel Une Bombe" on the album Rue Case Nègres by Nèg' Marrons <mask> <mask> - "Avoir le pouvoir" on the film Ma 6-T Va Crak-Er <mask> <mask> - "Histoire de seuf" on the double CD Mes Forces Décuplent Quand On M'Inculpe by Stomy Bugsy DJ Kheops feat.<mask> <mask> - "Le Play-Boy de Sarcelles" on the album Sad Hill by DJ Kheops (IAM) Passi feat. <mask> <mask> - "Le Keur Sambo" on the album Les Tentations by Passi TSN feat. Doudou Masta, EJM, Lamifa, Sages Po', Nemesis & Ministère AMER - "La solidarité noire" on the album Le Mal De La Nuit by TSN Cercle Rouge Productions feat. Assassin, IAM, Ministère AMER, Fabe, Yazid, Rootsneg', Sléo, Ménélik, Soldafadas, Arco, Mystik, Kabal, Azé, Radikalkicker - "11'30 contre les lois racistes" on a double CD 11'30 Contre Les Lois Racistes by Cercle Rouge 1998: Donya feat. <mask> <mask> - "Morgan de toi" on the album 100 Regrets by Donya <mask> Bugsy feat. Kybla - "Donne Moi Du Rêve" on the movie soundtrack Zonzon Cut Killer feat. Fonky Family, KDD, Ménélik & <mask> Bugsy - "Écoute le style rap 98" on the promotional 2CD Écoute le style rap Rainmen feat.<mask> <mask> - "La Rage Au Mic" on the album Armaguedon by Rainmen 1999: Jane Fostin feat. <mask> <mask> - "Quand Stomy te fuit" on the compilation Indigo R'n'B Djamatik feat. <mask> <mask> & Pit Baccardi - "Reggae Night" on the album Djamatik Connections by Djamatik 2000: <mask> <mask> - "No comment" (also as "No Comment") on the compilation L'Hip Hopée Vol.2 <mask> <mask>, Ärsenik & Jane Fostin - "On Ira Tous au paradis" on the film soundtrack Trafic D'Influence Izé feat. <mask> <mask> - "Propulse" on the album Double Nationalité by Izé 2001: Passi feat. <mask> <mask> - "Le Plan B-2 (La Cicatrice)" on the album Genèse by Passi Hamed Daye feat. <mask> Bugzy - "Le Plan B-3 (La Mèche et La Brèche)" on the album L'or Noir by Hamed Daye <mask> <mask> feat. Lion Bizness (Djamatik & Kulu Ganja) - "Prise d'otages" on the double CD Prise D'Otages by <mask> Bugsy Stomy <mask> - "J'reviens au rap dur" on the double CD Prise D'Otages by <mask> Bugsy 2002: Hamed Daye & <mask> <mask> - "Instinct" on the film soundtrack Samouraï <mask> Bugsy - "Motivation" on the film soundtrack 3 Zéros Stomy Bugsy & Doc Gynéco - "Bugsdoc 18" feat Doc Gynéco on the compilation Explicit 18 Doc Gynéco feat.<mask> <mask> - Frotti Frotta "(C'est l'amour qui contrôle)" on the album Solitaire by Doc Gynéco <mask> <mask> - "Freestyle" on the mixtape What's The Flavor #50 by DJ Poska & Funky Maestro Ministère AMER feat. Doc Gynéco & Hamed Daye - "Le Colis" (promotional title) 2003: Doc Gynéco feat. <mask> <mask> & Janik MC - "Big Up" on the album Menu Best Of by Doc Gynéco 2004: K.Ommando Toxik feat. <mask> <mask> - "Sacrifice 2 poulets" on the street CD Retour Vers Le Futur by K.Ommando Toxik Passi feat. <mask> <mask> & Zao - "Combattants" on the album Odyssée by Passi Darkman feat. <mask> <mask> & S Galo - "Kreol oriental" on the album Darky Le Jour, Daman La Nuit by Darkman Ministère AMER feat. Hamed Daye & Doc Gynéco - "Plan B" on the mixtape Los Angeles Most Wanted by DJ Noise 2005: Cuizinier(TTC) feat.TTC, Sté Strausz & <mask> <mask> - "Dans le club" ("By the Club") (San Andreas Remix) on the CD Pour Les Filles Vol. 1 by Cuizinier Ministère AMER - "J'aime le Rap" ("I Am the Rap") on the compilation Illicite Projet by Medeline "Les Meurtres se font la nuit" on the compilation West Rider 2 2006: Johnny Hallyday feat. Ministère A.M.E.R. & Doc Gynéco - "Le Temps Passe" on the album Ma vérité by Johnny Hallyday Doc Gynéco feat. <mask> <mask> - "Tu mens" on the album Un Homme Nature by Doc Gynéco Stomy Bugsy - "Foot 2 Rue" on an LP Foot 2 Rue "L'état" on the mixtape Poésie Urbainz Vol.2 2007: <mask> <mask> - "Brûlez tout" on the compilation Écoute la rue Marianne Stomy <mask> - "Tolérance zéro" (Zero Tolerance) on the compilation Explicit Politik Seth Gueko feat. <mask> Bugzy - "Lève toi et braque" on the compilation Self Défense 2008: <mask> Bugzy, feat. SMS - "Click" on the album by SMS Click la ruée vers l'or <mask> Bugzy, feat.Booba, Lino, Dieudonné, Lady Laistee, Hamed Daye & Sofiane - "Code noir" ("Code Black") <mask> Bugzy, feat. Dobe As and Driver - "Miss Mec" on the compilation Bandana Music SÄ Remix feat.

Tomás de Almeida

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<mask> (Lisbon, 11 September 1670 - Lisbon, 27 February 1754) was the first Patriarch of Lisbon, formerly Bishop of Lamego and later of Porto. Pope Clement XII elevated him to the cardinalate on 20 December 1737. Biography Early life Son of <mask>-Portugal, 2nd Count of Avintes and Governor of the Algarves, and of his wife <mask>, sister of the 3rd Count of Avintes. He studied Latin, philosophy and rhetoric in the Colégio de Santo Antão with the Jesuits. At the age of 18, on 20 December 1688, he took a scholarship to attend the Real Colégio de São Paulo of the University of Coimbra, where he graduated. In 1695, he was a deputy of the Inquisition of Lisbon, and on 27 August 1695 was dispatched to preside over the Tribunal of the Port Relation. On 1 June 1702, he took office as procurator and deputy of the Treasury of the Queen's Council, plus the priory of the church of São Lourenço de Lisboa.On 13 April 1703, appointed deputy of the Bureau of Conscience and Orders, already decorated as a knight of the Order of Christ. On 28 May 1704, as King Pedro II departed for Beira, leaving his brother as regent, Diogo <mask> Corte-Real was chosen as the substitute, who accompanied him at the Secretariat of Mercy, Expedient and Signature. Episcopate <mask> <mask> was made the King's chaplain of honour (sumilher da cortina), Governor of the Royal Treasury, Chancellor of the Kingdom, taking office on 24 November 1704. The Papal Bull of Clement XI made him Bishop of Lamego, sacred in Lisbon in the church of the Convent of Grace on 3 April 1707, chief chaplain and titular Bishop of Torga Dom Frei Nuno da Cunha e Ataíde. He entered the diocese on 2 May. As there was disagreement between the cabinet and the Bishop of Viseu, he was able to ease tensions and was made by the King, already sick and whom he had seen in his last hours, Notary Public of the Kingdom. On 1 July 1707, the day of the Royal Acclamation, King João V appointed him to be Registrar of the Pureness.On 3 May 1708, he travelled to Coimbra on a commission at the Real Colégio de São Paulo. <mask> Santa Maria Saldanha was appointed Bishop of Porto by decree of April 30 and royal charter of 26 May 1709, and on the same date Governor of Arms of the same city. On 7 November 1716, Pope Clement, delivering his services to the College of Cardinals in consistory, elevated the Royal Collegiate Chapel of São Tomé to a metropolitan cathedral with the title "Holy Patriarcal Cathedral". He was named Chief Chaplain-Patriarch in the Royal Charter of 4 December 1713, confirmed on December 7 by the Holy See, making him the first Patriarch of Lisbon. On 13 February 1717, <mask> entered Lisbon in majestic solemnity attended by the secular and regular clergy, state officials, a court procession, and troops formed in wings. Father <mask> Santa Maria recorded the events as follows: "His entry started in the church of San Sebastião da Pedreira, the noblemen of the court waiting for him on horseback. He took to the carriage and came marching with light accompaniment to the church of Santa Marta; then went down on horseback to the gates of Santo Antão, where the altar was erected.He left dressed pontifically with his cloak and white miter, and mounted a mule, covered with a white linen cloth, the reins given to Brother D. Luis, Count of Avintes. When the councillors of the two chambers of Lisbon and the two wings that formed the regular communities, confraternities and brotherhoods of the city received him under a canopy of precious canvas, they arrived at the Holy Patriarchal Cathedral, this act to the hymn Te Deum laudamus, sung with solemnity." On 17 November 1717, he had the honor to bless the first stone, medal and foundations of the Royal Basilica of Mafra. He baptized the Infantes D. Pedro and D. Alexandre, and the four children of the Prince of Brazil. On 11 January 1728, he celebrated in the Holy Patriarchal Cathedral the marriage of the Infanta Dona Maria Bárbara to the Prince of Asturias, and on 20 January 1729, in Elvas, that of the Prince of Brazil with the Princess Dona Mariana Vitória. Cardinalate On 20 December 1737, he ascended to the cardinalate. He received the red hat in the Oratory of the Palace where he lived near the church of São Roque.He came to Lisbon to receive, on 3 March 1738, Julio Sacchetti, envoy of the Holy See, Canon of St. Peter in the Vatican and the Pope's chief chamberlain. On 13 November 1746, the Holy Patriarchal Cathedral which the King had built after the extinction of the Eastern diocese by Benedict XIV, was destroyed by an earthquake. On 7 September 1750, he attended the acclamation of Joseph I of Portugal. On 27 October 1753, he offered the Brotherhood of Santa Isabel part of his expensive silver flatware for their assistance in the reconstruction of the Cathedral, upon his death he bequeathed the rest to them, then worth more than four reals. He spent large sums of money on the construction of convents, churches, and other religious bodies. He remained controversial with <mask> Gusmão and Diogo <mask> Corte-Real. His body is interred in Igreja de São Roque, in Lisbon.Bibliography BARBOSA ( D. José ) - PANAGYRICO / AO EXCELLENTISS. E REVERENDISS. SENHOR D. THOMAZ DE ALMEIDA, Principal of the Holy Western Church, of the Council of His Majesty. /, & c. / COMPOSED BY / ... / Regular Clergyman / Examiner of the Three Military Orders, and Synodal of the Patriarchate, Chronist of the Serene House of Bragança, and Royal Academician of the number of Portuguese History. WESTERN LISBON, At the Offices of ANTONIO ISIDORO DA FONSECA, Printer of Duque Estribeiro mòr. Year of 1739. The author was born in Lisbon on November 23, 1674, and died in the same city on April 6, 1750.Cleric Regular Teatino was a chronicler of the House of Braganza. The work tries to highlight the virtues and abilities of D. <mask> <mask>, chosen by D. João V to be the first Cardinal-Patriarch of Lisbon. External links The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church 1670 births 1754 deaths Patriarchs of Lisbon 18th-century Portuguese cardinals University of Coimbra alumni

Theo Jörgensmann

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<mask> (born 29 September 1948) is a German jazz clarinetist. Activities <mask>n belongs to the second generation of European free jazz musicians. He was part of the clarinet renaissance in the jazz and improvising music scene. Jörgensmann is one of a few clarinet players for whom unaccompanied solo recordings are a significant part of his work. He started to play clarinet when he was 18 years old. From 1969 until 1972 Jörgensmann took private lessons from a music teacher at the Folkwang Hochschule in Essen. At the same time he started working with fellow musicians from the Ruhr industrial area.During this time he was also a chemical laboratory assistant. After a one and half year hitch in the German Army Jörgensmann worked with handicapped children and studied social pedagogics, but he never brought it to a conclusion. Since 1975 he has been a professional musician. During a career spanning three decades as a free improviser Jörgensmann has worked with (among many others) Mike Richmond, Barre Phillips, Kent Carter, John Lindberg, Charlie Mariano, Wilber Morris, Eric Vloeimans, Jeanne Lee, John Fischer, Vincent Chancey, Kenny Wheeler, Paul McCandless and Lee Konitz. From 1975 to 1977 he led the group Clarinet Contrast, consisting only of clarinets, with Perry Robinson, Hans Kumpf, Bernd Konrad and Michel Pilz. At the end of the 1970s he was leader of one of West Germany's best-known jazz groups. At the beginning of the 1980s he took part in a Clarinet Summit (which was created by Joachim E. Berendt and himself) with John Carter, Perry Robinson, Gianluigi Trovesi and others.Since those days Jörgensmann has been involved in numerous international projects. In 1985 Jörgensmann toured Europe with bassist Barre Phillips and reed player Paul McCandless. He was a member of Willem van Manen's Contraband (1985–1998), Andrea Centazzo's Mitteleuropa Orchestra (1983–1985), John Fischer's Interface (1981–1996) and Franz Koglmann's Pipetet (1983–1985). At the same time he was also leader of Klarinettenquartett Cl-4 and co-founder of large ensemble Grubenklangorchester. In 1987 Jörgensmann was the subject of a documentary film, <mask>n, Bottrop, Klarinette, directed by Christoph Hübner. Between 1983 and 1993 he held a lectureship for clarinet and ensemble at University of Duisburg, and from 1993 until 1997 he was a lecturer for free improvising at Music Therapeutics Institute of Witten/Herdecke University. In company with the music-scientist Rolf-Dieter Weyer, Jörgensmann wrote a philosophical book about improvising in music.In 1997 he started the Theo Jörgensmann Quartet, which toured in North America in 1999, 2001, and 2003, including playing twice at Montreal International Jazz Festival (1999 and 2003). In addition he has played with the Polish twins Marcin Oles and Bartlomiej Oles since 2003. The album Oleś Jörgensmann Oleś, Directions, was chosen by [Polish internet jazz magazine Diapazon as Record of the Year in 2005. Since 2008 he is a member of Trio Hot with Albrecht Maurer, violin and Peter Jacquemyn, bass, and in 2009 he started the Deep Down Clarinet Duo with the contrabass clarinet player Ernst Ulrich Deuker. They also work together in the Tribal Trio, a clarinet trio with the French-American clarinetist Etienne Rolin. In 2009 Jörgensmann performed a few concerts with younger musicians from UK (Seb Rochford, Dominic Lash, Shabaka Hutchings and Noel Taylor) in London. In 2011 he formed the Freedom Trio with bassist Christian Sydney Ramond and acoustic guitar player Hagen Stüdemann.After a twelve-year break, he also works together again with pianist Bernd Köppen. Currently Jorgensmann is also working again with Clarinet Summit. The members of the group are Perry Robinson, Gianluigi Trovesi, Bernd Konrad, Albrecht Maurer, Sebastian Gramss and Günther "Baby" Sommer. In 2018, <mask> was artist in residence at Singers Festival Warsaw, the biggest festival of Jewish culture in Poland. Discography As leader In Time (A&M, 1977) Straightout! (2000) Recorded Hat-Hut records hatOLOGY 539 Die Eroberung des Schönen an experimental opera for 3 writers, 1 actor, 1 painter and 1 musician. (1995) WDR-Tv production.Der Garten a dance-theater-piece for 2 dancers, clarinet, bass clarinet, sound-maschine and percussion. (1994) Choreography: Claudia Lichtblau. Composition: <mask>n/Eckard Koltermann Hommage á Béla Bartók chamber music for violin, clarinet, bass clarinet and contra bass. (1994) Aesthetic direction chamber music for violin, violoncello, clarinet, bass clarinet and percussion (1993) <mask> wrote in his book Kleine Ethik der Improvisation: "To find the right balance between communication of motion and non-communication is the major part of improvised music; that communication of motion as a part of interaction in music is an opportunity to create a new structure of time, which the listener could perceive as a new kind of musical space; that the idea of jazz does not depend on a specific material and special form; that the essential aspect of jazz is the fact that jazz musicians discovered the fourth dimension of time in music (they call it swing)." Publications Kleine Ethik der Improvisation: vom Wesen, Zeit und Raum, Material und Spontangestalt, by <mask>n & Rolf-Dieter Weyer, with silhouettes of Hermann "Es" Richter Awards Kunstförderpreis der Stadt Aachen 1980 Kulturpreis der Stadt Bottrop 1991 Jazzpreis des Ruhrgebiets - Jazz Pott 2018 References Die Klarinette documentary film, NDR-tv (1987) Der Monolog a film by Reinald Schnell; WDR-tv production (1990) Wagner Bilder a film and video-installation with a.o. Bochumer Symphoniker, Christoph Schlingensief; colour, 72 min. director: Christoph Hübner (2001/2002) External links Interview at All About Jazz Theo Jörgensmann Quartet Avant-garde jazz clarinetists Free jazz clarinetists Modal jazz clarinetists Free improvisation clarinetists German jazz clarinetists German jazz composers Male jazz composers German male composers German composers People from the Province of Westphalia People from Bottrop 1948 births Living people 21st-century clarinetists 21st-century German male musicians Klarinettenquartett Cl-4 members Clarinet Contrast members

Ta'abbata Sharran

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Thabit ibn Jabr, better known by his epithet Ta'abbata Sharran (; lived late 6th century or early 7th century CE) was a pre-Islamic Arabic poet of the su'luk (vagabond) school. He lived in the Arabian Peninsula near the city of Ta'if, and was a member of the tribe. He was known for engaging in tribal conflict with the Banu Hudhayl and Bajila tribes. He wrote poems about tribal warfare, the hardships of desert life, and ghouls. His work was prominent in the early poetic anthologies, being preserved in both the Mufaddaliyat (8th century) and the Hamasah (9th century). Details of his life are known only from pseudo-historical accounts in the poetic anthologies and the Kitab al-Aghani. Name His proper name was Thabit ibn Jabr al-Fahmi.Al-Fahmi is a nisba indicating his membership in the Fahm tribe. Ta'abatta Sharran is a laqab, or nickname, which means "he who has put evil in his armpit." There are a number of traditional accounts of how he acquired the name, related in the Kitab al-Aghani. In one, he saw a ram in the desert. He picked it up and carried it under his arm, but it urinated on him. It became heavier as he approached his camp, so he dropped it, and saw that in fact it was a ghul. His clan asked him what he had been carrying, and he replied "the ghul," which prompted them to give him his nickname.In another, during truffle season, his mother asked why he was not gathering truffles for the family. He went out with her bag and filled it with snakes, then returned to the tent carrying the bag under his arm. He threw the bag down in front of her and she opened it, finding the snakes, then fled the tent. When she told the story to the women of the tribe, they gave Thabit his nickname. Another story has it that his mother gave him the name because he habitually carried his sword under his arm when travelling with a raiding party. Modern scholars believe that these traditions "should not be taken at face value," and that the name was intended to signify the poet's unavoidable propensity for trouble. Life The dates of Ta'abbata Sharran's life are not known.Based on personal names which occur in poems attributed to him, he likely lived in the late 6th century or early 7th century CE. He lived in the western Arabian regions of Tihama and the Hejaz, near the city of Ta'if. His mother was Amima al-Fahmia, of the Banu al-Qayn. After the death of his father Jabr, his mother married one of his enemies, . Ta'abbata <mask> himself married a woman of the Banu Kilab. He lived as a su'luk (plural sa'alik), a term which can be translated as brigand, brigand-poet, or vagabond. The sa'alik were mostly individuals who had been forced out of their tribes and who lived on the fringes of society.Some of the sa'alik became renowned poets, writing poetry about the hardships of desert life and their feelings of isolation. However, scholar Albert Arazi notes that due to a lack of contemporary documents about the sa'alik, knowledge of them is uncertain and "it is not at all easy to unravel the problem posed by the existence of this group." Ta'abbata <mask> was one of the few su'luk poets who was not repudiated by his tribe. He lived as a brigand, accompanied by a band of men including Al-Shanfara, Amir ibn al-Akhnas, al-Musayyab ibn Kilab, Murra ibn Khulayf, Sa'd ibn al-Ashras, and 'Amr ibn Barrak. The band primarily raided the tribes of Bajila, Banu Hudhayl, Azd, and Khath'am, and evaded pursuit by hiding in the Sarawat Mountains. Narratives of his life are found in several literary sources beginning in the 8th century, and include stylized accounts of his exploits such as him pouring honey on a mountain in order to slide to safety after a raid. The poet was eventually killed during a raid against the Banu Hudhayl, and his body was thrown into a cave called al-Rakhman.Poetry Ta'abbata <mask> Sharran's "Qasida Qafiyya" is the opening poem of the Mufaddaliyat, an important collection of early Arabic poetry. According to the Italian orientalist Francesco Gabrieli, the Qafiyya may not have been written as a single poem, but might instead be a collection of Ta'abbata <mask>'s verses compiled by later editors. The opening lines of the Qafiyya are as follows: This poem follows the traditional structure of the qasida, which consists of three sections: a nostalgic prelude, a description of a camel journey, and then the message or motive of the poem. However, the poet subverts this structure in order to express "the ideal of perpetual marginality". The poem also contains several lines devoted to fakhr (boasting) about the poet's fleetness of foot, starting with line 4: "I escape [from her] as I escaped from the Bajila, when I ran at top speed on the night of the sandy tract at al-Raht."The incident to which this line refers is explained in three different stories in the Kitab al-Aghani, which differ in their details but have to do with the poet being captured by the Bajila during a raid and using a ruse to escape. Ta'abbata <mask>, along with al-Shanfara and 'Amr ibn Barraq, was famous for being a fast runner. Charles Lyall translated the poem into English in 1918. Qasida Lamiyya The "Qasida Lamiyya," transmitted in the 9th-century Hamasah of Abu Tammam, is considered to be another of the poet's major works. However, the authenticity of this poem is doubtful. Al-Tibrizi, a major commentator on the Hamasa, believed that the true author was the rāwī (reciter) , while the Andalusian anthologist Ibn Abd Rabbih attributed it to a nephew of Ta'abbata <mask>. Contemporary scholar Alan Jones concluded that it may be a mixture of authentic and inauthentic material.The poem is a rithā' (elegy) on the death of the poet's uncle, slain on a mountain path by the Banu Hudhyal. The poet describes his vengeance on the Banu Hudhayl, in what scholar Suzanne Stetkevych calls "the most famous Arabic poem of blood vengeance." Johann Wolfgang von Goethe admired the poem greatly, and included a German translation of it in the "Notes and Queries" section of his 1819 work West–östlicher Divan. Goethe's translation was based on Latin translations by Georg Freytag and Johann David Michaelis. Other translations include those of Charles Lyall into English (1930), Suzanne Stetkevych into English (1986), and Pierre Larcher into French (2012). Other work One poem, labelled either "How I Met the Ghul" or the "Qit'a Nuniyya," relates the story of the poet's encounter with a ghul. He was travelling at night in the territory of the Banu Hudhayl, when a ghul stepped in his way.He fought the ghul and killed her, then spent the night on top of her. In the morning he carried her under his arm and showed her to his friends: "Two eyes set in a hideous head, like the head of a cat, split-tongued, legs like a deformed fetus, the back of a dog." The structure of the poem parodies Arabic love poems in which lovers meet at night in the desert. In another, titled "Sulayma Says to Her Neighbor Women", he meets a ghul and attempts to have sex with her, but she writhes and reveals her horrible face, which prompts him to cut her head off. Further examples of his work can be found in poems VIII and IX of the Hamasah. Legacy A famous elegy in the Hamasah may refer to Ta'abbata Sharran. The author is unknown but is typically taken to be either Ta'abbata Sharran's mother or the mother of another su'luk, .The poem emphasizes the role of fate: He was also mocked in a humorous hija''' (lampoon) poem written by Qays ibn 'Azarah of the Banu Hudhayl, involving an incident in which Qays was captured by the Fahm and bargained for his life with Ta'abbata <mask> and his wife. In the poem Qays referred to Ta'abbata <mask> by the nickname Sha'l (firebrand), and his wife by the kunya Umm Jundab (mother of Jundab): He also appeared as a character in the Resalat Al-Ghufran, written by Al-Ma'arri around 1033. During an imagined tour of hell, a Sheikh who criticized al-Ma'arri encounters Ta'abbata <mask> along with al-Shanfara, and asks him if he really married a ghul. Ta'abbata <mask> replies only, "All men are liars." When Oriental studies became popular in Europe in the 19th century, scholars such as Silvestre de Sacy and Caussin de Perceval introduced su'luk poetry to a Western audience. They wrote first about al-Shanfara, whose Lamiyyat al-'Arab is the most famous su'luk poem. Interest in al-Shanfara led naturally to his associate Ta'abbata <mask>, who became known and appreciated in Europe during the 19th century.In the 20th century, Arab critics began to display renewed interest in su'luk'' poetry, and the influential Syrian poet and critic Adunis praised the works of Ta'abbata <mask> and al-Shanfara as quintessential specimens of "the literature of rejection." Editions Notes References Bibliography External links Text of Poems (Arabic) at Poets Gate Arabic-language poets Pre-Islamic Arabian poets 6th-century Arabs 7th-century Arabs