source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3001 | zoology, ethology, behaviour, psychology, death
I can't prove it to you, but I know that my Beagle had a rich emotional life. I know this because I spent huge amounts of time with him. He was a close friend of mine. I would just as soon question whether my wife has real emotions as my dog. I can't prove that my wife's... | [
"air",
"space",
"metal",
"killdeer"
] | D | An example of a reproductive behavior is salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3002 | species-identification, zoology, ornithology
Title: Identification by tail feather I saw the remains of a bird today I did not recognize, and it was pretty mangled so it was hard to describe it. It was about the size of a robin. However, it had a dark brown mottled body like nothing I have ever seen. I have included b... | [
"people",
"creature eaters",
"fish",
"solar"
] | B | some birds are predators |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3003 | thermodynamics, forces, water, estimation, freezing
Here, a phase diagram for water is useful. The discussion in Powell-Palm et al.'s "Freezing water at constant volume and under confinement" includes a volume–temperature phase diagram:
From this, we can predict the equilibrium response when heating or cooling water ... | [
"ice sculpture",
"glass of water",
"flowing rivers",
"water falls"
] | A | freezing causes a solid to form |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3004 | the-moon, solar-flare, dust
Title: Any new info about solar flares hitting the Moon added by the LADEE mission? This article from 2011 mentions simulations about the sputtering effect caused by a solar flare hitting the Moon:
"We found that when this massive cloud of plasma strikes the moon, it
acts like a sandblas... | [
"candy canes",
"bumping into it",
"rain drops",
"cats"
] | B | the moon 's surface contains many craters |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3005 | pathology
Title: Why are some bodily fluids more of an infection risk than others? Whilst on a recent refresher course it was highlighted that when considering risk of exposure to infection from bodily fluids we should be aware of two distinct risk levels:
High Risk:
Blood
Semen
Vaginal Secretions
Diarrhea
Low Risk:... | [
"hand sanitizer",
"unwashed greens",
"properly cooked beef",
"washed carrots"
] | B | bacteria can cause people to become ill |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3006 | • I am also stuck at this point. If the first rose is $Red$ then the Bride enters the Church and in that case the probability is $\frac{10}{20}$. But now come the cases when the first rose is $White$: $WRR$, $WWRRR$, $WRWRR$ and so on. No matter what, if the first rose is $White$, the last two roses must be $Red$. And ... | [
"have more offspring than the rose",
"be lifted from the ground",
"have fewer offspring than the rose",
"be consumed and wilt"
] | C | as the number of pollinators attracted to a flower increases , the ability of that flower to reproduce will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3007 | electromagnetism, electric-current
In cases of a conductor where $σ=∞$ and hence $f=0$, is it that current is moving so slowly that $J$ can be approximated to be zero is it that all current in the conductor stops?
This seems to be a wrong assumption. The word hence shows me that you think it is obvious that electric ... | [
"protected",
"avoided",
"active",
"demoted"
] | C | an electrical insulator slows the transfer of electricity |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3008 | fusion, renewable-energy
An energy "breakthrough" would be a loaded development. We already use lots of energy, and if we found it economic to use more we probably would. The last breakthrough shift in our ability to exploit energy resources rocketed the entire planet into a new geological era, the Anthropocene. We... | [
"a toad finding a home",
"turtles eating small pellets",
"birds swimming in a pond",
"flowers poking through snow"
] | D | seasons cause change to the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3009 | tissue
Title: Tissues in plants and animals
What is the equivalent connective tissue in plants?
Connective tissue in animals are mostly made up of collagen.
What about in plants?
Connective tissue in animals are mostly made up of collagen
Tissue is not like a simple chemical mixture ; rather tissue means a group ... | [
"dirt",
"manganese",
"animals",
"rage"
] | B | special tissues in plants transport minerals throughout the plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3010 | classical-mechanics, energy-conservation
Notice that we have basically three stages. In the beginning, we accelerate rather rapidly up to nearly optimal speed. Then in the middle portion we travel at nearly optimal speed in order to cover ground, and then at some point, we coast to reduce our speed, and finally brak... | [
"reusable fuels used for heating",
"fuels of the non reuse type power",
"fish swimming upstream in river",
"more hydro-electric power altogether"
] | B | something reusable can be used more than once |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3011 | human-anatomy
Taken from here such people would be able to dislocate then get their hands in front and relocate.
The body can be trained to be quite flexible through training like gymnastics etc...
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Nerves all have | [
"microscopic parts",
"short arms",
"viable organs",
"liver transplants"
] | A | nerves are made of nerve cells |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3012 | biochemistry, botany, plant-physiology, photosynthesis
What are typical characteristics of different plants in this regard? I.e., how do common species of plants manage their C consumption before (and after) the development of leaves? There are quite a few questions and thoughts in there, I'll try to cover them all:
F... | [
"metals",
"dirt",
"birds",
"bear"
] | C | birds with beaks of different shapes eat different foods |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3013 | photons, everyday-life, renewable-energy, solar-cells, dissipation
Title: Why not use our own light production to produce new energy instead of wasting it? Why don't we use our own light production at night (I mean home, buildings, streets,..., lighting) to charge photovoltaic panels instead of wasting it? Solar panel... | [
"bricks",
"dogs",
"succulents",
"fish"
] | C | a plant light is used for help plants by mimicking sunlight |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3014 | geophysics, sedimentology, glaciology, topography, isostasy
Are there any other reasons? What are the relative proportions in magnitude of these factors? Forming of coastline
During the last ice age, the North Sea was dry. When the ice melted sea levels slowly started to rise again and due to tides and currents
a barr... | [
"glacial liquification",
"cola mining",
"more frequent tornadoes",
"meteors"
] | A | glaciers melting has a negative impact on the glaicial environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3015 | One important takeaway here is that we're not thinking of "implies" in terms of causality or possibility. If you want to talk about such things, we have to go beyond propositional logic - modal logic is a good place to set up shop.
Any if-then statement beginning with "If" and then something that has a value of False ... | [
"cacti will be in snowy regions",
"cacti will be in rocky regions",
"cacti will be in sandy regions",
"cacti will be in watery regions"
] | C | a desert environment is dry |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3016 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"radiation",
"air",
"silicone",
"clothes"
] | B | an animal requires air for survival |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3017 | c#, wpf, mvvm
no longer violates MVVM and works well with DI.
Also, prism uses plugin-based architecture. You define regions in your MainWindow, and then implement independent modules, which are plugged into those regions at runtime. I don't see you doing any of that. I think you should spend some time reading prism d... | [
"dried dung",
"pine martens",
"teak",
"jello"
] | D | a prism refracts light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3018 | everyday-life, diffusion, navier-stokes, convection
Diffusion in still air over distances of 400m usually takes a few hours rather than seconds, so I think that advection (the bulk movement of air) is likely to have been the dominant factor in the reported cases (as you suggested). Windspeeds at 10m above ground are t... | [
"exhaust from a car",
"windshield fluid from a car",
"metal from a car",
"water from a car"
] | A | when a gas in an open container evaporates, that gas spreads out into the air |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3019 | Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut... | [
"the equator has winter and summer at the same time",
"humans on the equator celebrate Christmas in May",
"the equator is always cold",
"humans on the equator can go either north or south to change season"
] | D | winter in the Northern Hemisphere is during the summer in the Southern Hemisphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3020 | diffusion
Title: Permeability of containers to poop smells I do a lot of hiking trips that involve driving for an hour or two to the trailhead in the predawn hours. I'm a morning pooper, so I need to poop during the drive. Before COVID, I would usually plan a stop along the way at a Starbucks, get coffee, and use thei... | [
"the respiratory system",
"the digestive system",
"the circulatory system",
"the destructive system"
] | B | the digestive system digests food for the body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3021 | atmosphere, climate-change, climate
Title: Why is the temperature *still* rising? 2015 is the hottest year on record, and the average temperature continues to rise.
I don't understand why this continues, as (over the past twenty years) so much work was put into reducing Global Warming over the past 40 years, yet not o... | [
"ice chunks get small",
"glaciers will grow larger",
"water will stop existing",
"things will be fun"
] | A | if the atmospheric temperature rises then the glaciers will melt |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3022 | species-identification
Title: Trying to identify the tree in this picture. Shot from the Nepenthe restaurant, Big Sur, California I'm trying to identify the tree in this picture. This was shot from the Nepenthe restaurant, Big Sur, California.
Any help is appreciated!
Thanks,
Robert It's difficult to make out the leav... | [
"water with salt",
"other oak creatures",
"watermelons",
"kites"
] | B | a tree can be replaced by planting a new tree |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3023 | zoology, species-identification, ornithology, behaviour
Title: What is this crow eating, and is it a common part of the corvid diet? Here's a picture (by Rob Curtis) of a crow carrying and eating the corpse of what looks a bit like a small hawk or falcon:
Other pictures clearly show the crow is eating the dead bird. ... | [
"rainbows",
"cows",
"lynx",
"rabbits"
] | C | if an animal eats another animal then that animal is a carnivore or omnivore or predator |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3024 | newtonian-gravity, orbital-motion, space
To sum up, the co-orbital moons are likely close to ideal for body-jumping. There are definitely other places like between big chunks in Saturn's rings where this could be done. But beyond that you need implausible precision and durability.
The following is multiple choice que... | [
"Mars",
"Jupiterr",
"the Earth",
"the moon"
] | B | as mass of a celestial body increases , the force of gravity on that planet will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3025 | c++, object-oriented, game, snake-game, curses
void game::play()
{
bool b;
genFood();
setSnake();
mvprintw(8, COLS/2-20, "??????????READY??????????????");
refresh();
sleep(1);
int ch= 0;
timeout(50); //adjust speed of the game
while((ch=getch())!= 'q')
... | [
"rice",
"vinegar",
"ice",
"sand"
] | B | baking soda can react chemically with vinegar |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3026 | rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth
Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up.
The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm... | [
"rough rocks",
"river movement",
"smoothness",
"fish movement"
] | B | rock is made of minerals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3027 | entomology, ethology, habitat
Title: Preferred criteria for new bee colony location As a human I want a house with a roof, indoor plumbing, bug free, and make my wife happy. I don't want to drive too far to work, and it has to be well-suited for offspring.
What are the criteria that define a "good spot" for a new loc... | [
"iris dust",
"fresh whale",
"hard leather",
"old shoes"
] | A | bees eat pollen |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3028 | species-identification, entomology
Title: I need help identifying a bug Basically this tiny bug plopped on top of my laptop keyboard. And as much as I disdained bugs, this one didn't look like anything I've ever seen. It had something that resembled bits of a dandelion on its back, and its body seemed like half a moth... | [
"a noggin",
"in space",
"on the moon",
"on Jupiter"
] | A | incomplete metamorphosis is when an insect reaches the adult stage without being a pupa |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3029 | toxicity
Cigarette smoke is a complex and dynamic aerosol consisting of at least 5,600 chemicals and toxicants found across two phases, the particulate (tar) and vapour phase.
(I would like to add the gas phase...) so when the product of the combustion of the tobacco are in this physical state you have to look at a d... | [
"the corn will grow stouter",
"the corn would experience conflagration",
"the corn would grow bigger than normal",
"the corn will be more tasty"
] | B | fire destroys plants in an environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3030 | oceanography, rivers, satellite-oddities
Title: What are these river/canyon-like carvings in the ocean? Browsing around Google Maps, I came across this off the south-west coast of Ireland
It looks very consistent with the shape rivers and their tributaries might make, but it has me puzzled since it's all underwater!
... | [
"a seahorse",
"an angler fish",
"a frog",
"a shark"
] | C | adult amphibians live on land |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3031 | electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current
I was wearing flip flops from the time I stripped off my neoprene wet suit at the car until the time I started getting shocked (my wife was wearing Birkenstocks).
I had been snorkeling for about an hour in the Pacific Ocean wearing a full body wet-suit, booties, and gl... | [
"pour alcohol on them",
"burn my legs in fire",
"rub them in acid",
"wear thick colorful socks"
] | D | as the thickness of an object increases , the resistance to damage of that object will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3032 | intelligence
There might of course also be recessive genes on the X-chromosome causing males, who has only one X-chromosome, to be smarter but genes that are not causing disease might not be so interesting to investigate from a medical point of view.
According to wikipedia there are 499 x-linked genes and the total n... | [
"tooth gap",
"favorite color",
"sense of fun",
"liking dogs"
] | A | inheriting is when a inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3033 | python, programming-challenge
Title: Determine if Hill or Valley This is my accepted submission for LeetCode. The problem is
You are given a 0-indexed integer array nums. An index i is part of a hill in nums if the closest non-equal neighbors of i are smaller than nums[i]. Similarly, an index i is part of a valley in... | [
"drops at a slow rate",
"drops sharply right there",
"drops sharply on the west",
"is evenly sloped everywhere"
] | B | the slope of the land causes a river to flow in a particular direction |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3034 | earth-rotation, seasons, time
Title: Are the length of seasons the same globally? Is the length of time, say months, for each season the same all over the world or can it vary? As has been noted in a comment, it depends on how you define seasons (see https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/a/2603/111).
If seasons are ... | [
"exploded",
"stayed in place",
"moved more",
"frozen"
] | C | the Earth revolving around the Sun causes the seasons to change on its axis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3035 | geochemistry, chemistry-in-fiction, minerals
Once you come up with a list of elements, you might want to ask the next questions in the Earth Science SE, not here.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Which would be excluded from a list of objects with metallurgical properties? | [
"iron",
"bone",
"gold",
"steel"
] | B | classifying means grouping materials by their properties |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3036 | resonance, vibrations, coupled-oscillators
Title: String Vibrations Interesting thing I noticed just now playing my ukulele.
For those who don't know how a ukulele works, it has four strings: a high G followed by a lower C, E, and A. Holding down frets causes the strings to play progressively higher-pitched notes. No... | [
"something is ignored",
"something is spit",
"something is flicked",
"something is killed"
] | C | An example of playing a musical instrument is hitting the keys of a piano |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3037 | physical-chemistry, everyday-chemistry, thermodynamics
As a comparison to this example, let's check out two liquids that do mix.
3. Water and ethanol
For the water, we have basically the same situation as before -- water molecules forming good bonds to each other. The ethanol, though, has an -OH group that can form bo... | [
"dry wood and dry beans",
"ocean and lake water",
"rabbits and young hares",
"old bread and buns"
] | B | An example of a mixture is clay mixed together |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3038 | power, estimation, combustion
eg assume 6 kWh/kg for a sample of dry wood.
10% moisture would displace $\rm10\% \times 6000\,Wh = 600\,Wh$ from a 1kg mass.
$\rm600\,Wh = 600 \times 3600 = 2.16\,MJ$.
Energy to heat 100 g water 10$^\circ$C say to
$\rm100\,^\circ C \simeq 4.3\,J/^\circ C/g \times (100\,^\circ C-10\,^\cir... | [
"dogs",
"turtles",
"beds",
"cats"
] | C | dry wood easily burns |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3039 | thermodynamics, energy, temperature, estimation
Title: What would happen if a 10-kg cube of iron, at a temperature close to 0 kelvin, suddenly appeared in your living room? What would be the effect of placing an object that cold in an environment that warm? Would the room just get a little colder? Would it kill everyo... | [
"a gift from the heavens",
"a cloud is crying",
"it is an anomaly",
"it is ice precipitation"
] | D | snow falls during the winter in the arctic environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3040 | everyday-life, diffusion, navier-stokes, convection
Diffusion in still air over distances of 400m usually takes a few hours rather than seconds, so I think that advection (the bulk movement of air) is likely to have been the dominant factor in the reported cases (as you suggested). Windspeeds at 10m above ground are t... | [
"snow",
"electricity",
"wood",
"bananas"
] | B | uneven heating of the Earth 's surface cause wind |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3041 | botany, species-identification
Title: Plant identification? Can anyone identify the plant below? It's in a backyard in Pennsylvania, and the photo was taken today. Those flowers don't come from the same plant as that big leaf in the front do they? Cant help you with the leaves, but the flower looks like a daylily. sou... | [
"the plant is able to relocate itself",
"it spontaneously appeared there",
"it walked to the new place",
"its cased embryo have been dispersed"
] | D | seed dispersal is when the seeds of a plant are spread from the parent plant to another area |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3042 | human-biology
Title: Why do we sweat after drinking water and running? Why do we sweat after running?
Also we sweat sometime after drinking lots of water. Why it is so?
Can someone please enlighten me in this regard? Exercise, such as running, increases muscle activity. This increases the energy demand of these ... | [
"down",
"hits you",
"Sideways",
"Up"
] | A | when the body is hot , sweat is produced to cool the body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3043 | palaeontology, herpetology
Title: How big can cold-blooded animals get? It seems impossible to have reptiles the size of dinosaurs, just because they are really big! Did they have different systems of maintaining body temperature or maybe they weren't the exact type of animals that we today call reptiles? Answer is q... | [
"a brain dead frog in mud",
"a frog napping for an hour in mud",
"a frog burying itself in mud for months",
"a frog sleeping for the night in mud"
] | C | An example of hibernation is a frog burying itself in mud |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3044 | carbon-cycle, biogeochemistry, carbon, limestone
The rate of this process is dependent on how much energy you are prepared to throw at it. A fleet of several thousand nuclear reactors running 24/7 on this problem would do it.
Burial
Well, brute force sounds a bit expensive.. so we can try the approach mentioned by Jac... | [
"feed cats",
"feed sloths",
"feed roses",
"feed birds"
] | C | In the cellular respiration process carbon dioxide is a waste product |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3045 | zoology, mathematical-models, software, imaging
Title: What would it take to recognize a deer by its photo? I am trying to recognize a deer by its antlers or any other means.
Elaborating:
I was hoping to use their antlers to recognize them but I have heard that most deers shed their antlers every year so it would be ... | [
"grasshopper",
"sky",
"clownfish",
"banana"
] | A | a forest environment is often green in color |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3046 | zoology, ichthyology, marine-biology
Switek goes on to to talk about exceptions in some marine mammals:
At this point some of you might raise the point that living pinnipeds like seals and sea lions move in a side-to-side motion underwater. That may be true on a superficial level, but pinnipeds primarily use their mo... | [
"clouds",
"nutriment",
"glass",
"dirt"
] | B | an animal requires energy to move |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3047 | If the maximum number of fish caught is $$m$$, then the total number of fish caught is no more than $$m+(m-1)+...+(m-6)$$. So there is one fisherman that caught at least 18 fish. Repeat this process for the second and third highest number of fish caught and you should be good.
I should add that this is a common proof ... | [
"sharks",
"kelp",
"anchovies",
"starfish"
] | C | some predators move quickly to catch prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3048 | energy, photons, semiconductor-physics, solar-cells
Both approaches tailor the design of the solar cell to solar spectrum.
The latter is the most common approach and in essence you are using the spatial arrangement and the band gap property (which is different for each cell or "junction") of each material to split the... | [
"a family of humans in a city where it rains every day",
"a herd of crows",
"a research base near the equator",
"a group of squirrels"
] | C | a solar panel converts sunlight into electricity |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3049 | image-processing
Title: High Dimensional Spaces for Images Can anyone explain why pictures are not considered 2D, but rather high dimensional? Especially with regards to CV and AI. From one perspective, a picture is a 2D image, because it has height and width.
But from a machine learning perspective, we can think of a... | [
"basins",
"deep sea",
"valleys",
"mountains"
] | D | a valley is formed by a river flowing |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3050 | earth, universe, big-bang-theory, fundamental-astronomy, space
Title: Why do we we even exist? It came to my mind one day that why does this universe even exist and why do we even exist and like we are enclosed in the so called atmosphere and a floating rock in space called the Earth, so is there any possibility that ... | [
"raw bacon",
"machines",
"pressure",
"work"
] | C | extreme heat and pressure compact sediment into sedimentary rock |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3051 | everyday-chemistry, water, crystallography
Spin-off question:
I heard (not sure where) that each snowflake assumes a unique shape. How true is this?
Now, as I understand it, all processes proceed so as to maximize the "randomness" of its constituent particles. (Oversimplified version of the Second Law of Thermodynami... | [
"an osprey catches a fish with claws",
"a fish catches a fish with its claws",
"a dog catches a fish with its claws",
"a worm catches a fish with its claws"
] | A | claws are used to catch prey by some predators |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3052 | astrophysics
Title: Is there any way to survive solarwinter like in Sunshine - movie? Is there any way to survive solarwinter like in Sunshine - movie?
Solar winter is where for some reason sun looses its capasity to produce radiation( heat etc.). It doesn't loose everything but some of its radiation energy( say 50 %)... | [
"go up",
"explode",
"nothing",
"decrease"
] | A | if a substance absorbs solar energy then that substance will increase in temperature |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3053 | observational-astronomy, star
Title: What star is this? From this image, can you help me identify the star circled in yellow? This picture was taken mostly above my head, but facing slightly southeast, from the southwestern corner of Virginia. The circled star is Procyon (α CMi). The other stars, from the top, are Cas... | [
"A person",
"A dog",
"A cat",
"many intergalactic beings"
] | D | the North Star does not move in the sky in the Northern Hemisphere each night |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3054 | mercury
As for a YouTube video saying the highest point is "Mt. Hermes," that sounds dubious to me with respect to anything official (for one, mountains on other bodies are "montes" after the Latin, if they have a formal name). A search shows no one else is using this name.
Regarding "sea level," it's what Wikipedia ... | [
"the sandy river bank",
"a long river channel",
"a cooled lava top",
"a lush green valley"
] | C | a plateau is formed by a buildup of cooled lava |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3055 | newtonian-mechanics
I should add that the above is simply what I, as a physicist with a fairly long experience, suspect is what is going on. It is not something I have read about and I am sure there is somewhere a more thorough discussion. So I hope I am right; I think I have a good argument. As I have described it ab... | [
"manly sculpture",
"inhumanly tall building",
"plastic dinner container",
"standard burning sun"
] | C | if a flexible container is pushed on then that container will change shape |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3056 | meteorology, tropical-cyclone, lightning, mesoscale-meteorology
The answer for Harvey is probably all of the above. Places like Houston were first in the further extents of the storm the early days and so were able to see the more typical fluctuations of strong rising updrafts and stronger sinking downdrafts more typ... | [
"light hail",
"clear skies",
"great droplets repeating",
"some leaves"
] | C | heavy rains cause flooding |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3057 | climate-change, hypothetical, solar-terrestrial-physics
Title: How much reduction of insolation (solar energy) would be required to stop global warming? Suppose a giant sheet of semi-reflective mylar (or some other kind of partial sun-screening material) was temporarily placed into space between the Earth and the Sun ... | [
"using a truck instead of a car",
"using a bicycle instead of a motorcycle",
"using a car instead of the bus",
"using a motorcycle instead of a bike"
] | B | burning gasoline is a source of pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3058 | food-chemistry
popcorn (kernels)
honey (jar of)
sugar (most forms)
alcohol (spirits like vodka, whiskey)
dried beans, dried lentils
I would not be planning to eat any of these stored for 25 years myself. And in general I'd suggest testing the items before trying them after 25 years or more (if you feel you must).
I ... | [
"sand",
"a pool",
"a dry bowl",
"the fridge"
] | B | sugar dissolves in water when they are combined |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3059 | food, nutrition, energy-metabolism
Title: What are the bare minimum nutrients required to survive as a human? I am trying to determine the bare minimum nutritional requirements to survive as a human, ignoring energy (caloric) requirements. Another way to ask this question is: What elements can humans not live without?... | [
"metals",
"birds",
"dirt",
"computers"
] | B | sharp beaks are a kind of adaptation for catching prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3060 | evolution, ornithology, ethology, sexual-selection
Bateson P. 1978. Sexual imprinting and optimal outbreeding. Nature 273, 659 - 660.
Bereczkei T, Gyuris P, Weisfeld GE. 2004. Sexual imprinting in human mate choice. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 271: 1129–1134.
Immelmann K... | [
"sawdust",
"bears",
"beetles",
"cherry tree"
] | D | pollination requires pollinating animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3061 | inorganic-chemistry, redox, combustion
As M. Farooq pointed out a combustion reaction happens quickly, producing heat, and usually light and fire. For example, lets look at combustion reaction of an alkene (a hydrocarbon). If it is a complete combustion, the fire have a blue flame:
$$\ce{C_nH_{2n} + $\frac{3n}{2}$ O2... | [
"damaged",
"fine",
"great",
"safe"
] | A | fire causes harm to living things |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3062 | general-relativity, gravity, black-holes, event-horizon, tidal-effect
And yes, you would still be able to move your body parts normally, including using your hands to turn the pages of the book.
Think of it as a really long bungee jump, but with no bungee to bring you back. Nothing can bring you back. It's a one-way ... | [
"the head would start to grow",
"the head would disappear",
"the head would start to shrink",
"the head would explode"
] | A | as distance from an object decreases , that object will appear larger |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3063 | species-identification, botany, ecology, trees
Title: Identifying a shrub with unusual "many shoots" growth behavior While recently hiking in the southern mountains of New Hampshire, we came across a plant, and some of them were exhibiting what we interpreted to be a disease, or least unusual growth. On some of the no... | [
"pooping",
"feelings",
"time travel",
"screaming"
] | A | if seeds stick to the fur of an animal then that seed will be transported by the animal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3064 | electrostatics, electric-current, electrical-resistance
Title: Why resistivity of copper wire is not zero even at zero kelvin?
At zero kelvin, everything seems dead stop. There is no movement occurring at zero kelvin, even at atomic level. As there is no movement in atoms, there is no vibration of atoms about their m... | [
"it doubles in length",
"it melts into a puddle",
"a current can reach further",
"it breaks in half"
] | C | if one electrical conductor contacts another electrical conductor then electricity will flow through both conductors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3065 | star, planet
Title: Why is it always planets orbiting stars? In our solar system, there are 8 planets orbiting a star, the Sun.
And I understand that there are about 500 confirmed solar systems out there.
But why is it always planets orbiting stars? Why can't it be several stars orbiting a planet, or a star orbiting ... | [
"volcanos",
"starlight",
"astral beings",
"people"
] | C | planets orbit stars |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3066 | climate-change, paleoclimatology, solar-terrestrial-physics
Summarizing, the IPCC consider solar irradiance variations, the timing of solar minimums and maximums. However, it consider also many other factors that also affect Earth's energy budget. Then, they do predictions based on the combined effect of all these fac... | [
"bees",
"glaciers",
"bicycles",
"factories"
] | D | carbon dioxide concentrations in the air have increased over the last decade dramatically |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3067 | meteorology, mesoscale-meteorology
In a sense, the fact pressure at one elevation induces changes\motion in another elevation maybe shouldn't seem any less weird than the fact that a low-level low pressure system can affect the wind and weather hundreds of miles away from it horizontally. This isn't spooky action at ... | [
"It is more affected by the flood",
"It is more resistant than a higher place",
"The lower area is drier",
"It is impossible to flood a lower elevation location"
] | A | as elevation of a place decreases , how much a flood will affect that place will increases |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3068 | soft-question, mass, metrology
So its only about 3 or 4 steps then? – PyRulez
Are you referring to the video? I'll try to clarify, your question referred to manufacturers:
How are weights and scales used by the public calibrated?
As I briefly hinted above, in every developped country there is a National Institute ... | [
"javascript",
"intentions",
"guitar picks",
"thoughts"
] | C | a scale is used for measuring weight |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3069 | python, beginner, python-3.x
Title: Flooring cost calculator I've made a small program that calculates the cost of flooring for a given area based on the price per sqft and total sqft. I have only been programming for a few days now so I am sure that there are some things I could be doing better.
from decimal import *... | [
"a tape measure",
"a compass",
"a barometer",
"a beam balance"
] | A | a tape measure is used to measure distance |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3070 | 1. Let total distance=X.
1st distance =30x/100.Speed=20kmph
2nd distance=60x/100 Speed=40kmph
3rd distance=10x/100Speed=10kmph
T1=1/20*30x/100 = 3x/200
T2=1/40*60x/100 =3x/200
T3=1/10*10x/100 =X/100
Applying S=D/T Formula
30x/100+60x/100+10x/100
______________________________
3x/200+ 3x/200+ X/100.
=100x*200/8x*100
=25... | [
"yard stick",
"thought",
"touch",
"a penny"
] | A | a meter stick is used to measure length |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3071 | species-identification, ornithology
Title: Help me find out what this bird is (description, no picture) A while ago I read about this bird(s) whose species status was not confirmed. This was because they had a very large distribution and birds in adjacent population could breed with each other but birds at each end of... | [
"water foul",
"your keys",
"the Titanic",
"the menu"
] | A | smell is used for finding food by some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3072 | # Mean and Median in a Classic River Crossing Problem
Consider the following classic problem:
Four people on the west side of a river wish to use their single boat to get to the east side of a river. Each boat ride can hold at most two people, and the time it takes to get across will be the time preferred by the slow... | [
"a fire",
"a piranha",
"a painful death",
"a scorpion"
] | B | aquatic animals live in bodies of water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3073 | thermodynamics, forces, water, estimation, freezing
Here, a phase diagram for water is useful. The discussion in Powell-Palm et al.'s "Freezing water at constant volume and under confinement" includes a volume–temperature phase diagram:
From this, we can predict the equilibrium response when heating or cooling water ... | [
"water falls",
"flowing rivers",
"glass of water",
"static ice sculpture"
] | D | flowing liquid can push objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3074 | thermodynamics, experimental-physics, heat-conduction
\pi
V\alpha
\frac{\mathrm{d}T}{dt}
+C_V\frac{\mathrm{d}T}{dt}
$$
Which we can simplify to:
$$
\dot U=
(\pi
V\alpha
+C_V)\dot T
$$
Where the dots denote time-derivatives.
$$
\frac{1}{\pi \alpha V+C_V}\dot U=
\dot T
$$
And if we're working with specific heat capaciti... | [
"a tree",
"Light placers",
"A Cotton dress",
"Tennis shoes"
] | B | brass is made of copper and zinc |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3075 | newtonian-mechanics, projectile
Given these accelerations, along with the initial launch conditions, the paths of the putted golf balls can be determined."
My question is when does the ball stop? With the level green it is easy; the ball stops when $v_x$ and $v_y$ are both equal to zero. However, if we have straight u... | [
"pharmacy garbage",
"dog hair",
"loss of soil",
"soil gain"
] | C | soil loss causes grooves in soil |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3076 | zoology, ethology, learning
Title: How do beavers learn how to build dams? I was wondering whether all beavers, from all around the world, know how to build dams and lodges? Do they need to learn it from their parents? If you release a group of beavers in the wild that haven't been in contact with their parents, would... | [
"play",
"relocate",
"weep",
"reconsider"
] | B | habitat destruction causes animals to move to find shelter in another habitat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3077 | # Logic problem
##### Active member
Consider the following sequence of statements:
$$S_1: \text{at least 1 of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ is false}\\ S_2: \text{at least 2 of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ are false}\\ \vdots \\ S_n: \text{at least } n \text{ of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ are false}$$
Where $n$... | [
"cans should be recycled because its materials are infinite",
"cans should be recycled because its materials are renewable",
"cans should be recycled because its materials are delicious",
"cans should be recycled because its materials are essentially finite"
] | D | aluminum is a nonrenewable resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3078 | dna, human-genetics, dna-sequencing, genomics
Title: Is it possible to deduce facts about a person's parents just by studying his/her genome? As an example, suppose Anne had abusive parents. Is it theoretically possible to deduce this from her genome even if she didn't inherit this quality (of being an abusive parent)... | [
"the epidermis of the skin",
"the platelets of the blood",
"the plasma in the blood",
"the body's nucleic acid"
] | D | offspring receive genes from their parents through DNA |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3079 | temperature, everyday-life
Title: Frosty Window Panes There might be an obvious reason for this, but yesterday, while travelling in the bus, it was heavily raining outside and the window panes becomes frosty and hazy so I could write a bunch of stuff on it. Why does this happen? That is because water had condensed ont... | [
"food chain",
"water cycle",
"life cycle",
"lunar cycle"
] | B | condensation is a stage in the water cycle process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3080 | genetics, botany, twins
In a number of varieties, two and sometimes three megaspores were functional, giving rise to several embryo sacs. On fertilization, embryos develop in these, causing the phenomenon of pseudopolyembryony.
Therefore this source seems to agree with the first.
However, a more recent paper Martínez... | [
"a producer",
"a meat source",
"a consumer",
"a marine mammal"
] | A | a flower produces pollen and seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3081 | optics, visible-light, reflection, refraction, lenses
Title: Why can't rainbows form at the start of a storm? I was recently at a park looking at the gorgeous scenery. I looked above and saw thick grey clouds covering up 3/4 of the sky. The sun's light is still visible for 1/4 of the sky, and it looks low enough to ... | [
"hues show up",
"fields are burned",
"trees blow up",
"mice grow up"
] | A | a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3082 | the-sun, red-giant
However, even if the Earth escapes immediate engulfment, the Sun would be several thousand times more luminous than it is today, so the temperatures at the surface of the Earth could reach $>1000$ Celsius even if it stays an astronomical unit away from the Sun's surface.
A further issue is the effec... | [
"Dying",
"Feeling sick",
"Unhappy",
"far away"
] | D | the amount of daylight is greatest on the summer solstice |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3083 | atomic-physics, geophysics, explosions
I think the most interesting diagrams are the ones labeled (e) and (f) - where the explosion happens at great depth. In that case, you get a "tight packing" of the soil above in a way that I think is similar to the mechanism that causes sugar to "settle" if you first fill a bowl ... | [
"something from space entered the atmosphere",
"a lizard built the hole",
"the moon's gravity pulled sand out of the hole",
"a dust storm filled it in"
] | A | usually craters on planets are formed by asteroids impacting that planet or moon 's surface |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3084 | materials, chemical-engineering, plastic, safety
Title: Why do glass windows still exist? (Why haven't they been replaced by plastics?) Glass is fragile and impractical to transport, install and repair. Even worse, glass kills and hurts people when it breaks. Falling to the streets like guillotines during earthquakes ... | [
"beach sand",
"non-abrasive sponges",
"rubber standoffs",
"prophylactics"
] | A | quartz scratches glass easily |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3085 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"decomposers",
"something else",
"consumers",
"producers"
] | C | In the food chain process an animal has the role of consumer which eats producers for food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3086 | oceanography, rivers, satellite-oddities
Title: What are these river/canyon-like carvings in the ocean? Browsing around Google Maps, I came across this off the south-west coast of Ireland
It looks very consistent with the shape rivers and their tributaries might make, but it has me puzzled since it's all underwater!
... | [
"granite",
"sandstone",
"squid",
"limestone"
] | C | a canyon is made of rocks |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3087 | organic-chemistry, combustion, environmental-chemistry, atmospheric-chemistry
I'm suspicious this may just be ethanol, but the manufacturer swears it isn't.
The advertised ratio is 1 oz to 12.5 gallons of fuel which is less than 0.1% (I believe they used double that in the tests). Too low to be ethanol anyway, right?... | [
"water",
"corn",
"sunlight",
"oil"
] | B | plants are a source of biofuel |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3088 | astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science
It is for much the same reason that Winter is colder than Autumn, even though they have the same amount of daylight hours.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
The reason you tend to think of the color white when you think of en... | [
"Chipmunks",
"droughts",
"snowfall",
"monkeys"
] | C | cold environments are usually white in color from being covered in snow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3089 | botany, plant-physiology
Title: Can any plant regenerate missing tissue? I have not yet found a plant that, when an insect eats a hole in one of its leaves, it can regenerate the lost tissue. Many plants will grow a new stem if the old one is cut, but it is not a perfect regeneration, and has no likeness in form to th... | [
"concrete",
"jelly",
"steam",
"a resource"
] | D | An example of replacing a natural resource is planting new trees where a forest once stood |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3090 | electrical-engineering, ethics, sales, safety
But all of those steps are going way above and beyond what you're obligated to do in this particular case. This is especially so when there is a safe usage for the product along with an unsafe approach. And any of those actions are likely to irreparably damage your relat... | [
"better",
"poorer",
"colorful",
"eleven"
] | B | harming something has a negative effect on that something |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3091 | rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth
Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up.
The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm... | [
"uranus",
"earth",
"jupiter",
"pluto"
] | B | Earth is the planet that is third closest to the Sun |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3092 | food, psychology, health, taste, children
Title: Why do children prefer sweeter foods? As we get older, we tend to lose our sweet tooth and become more tolerant to bitter foods, like vegetables. However, I never understood how this works. Why is it that children prefer sweeter foods, even some that adults may consider... | [
"meat",
"eggs",
"butter",
"bread"
] | D | carbohydrates are made of sugars |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3093 | thermodynamics, thermal-radiation
Title: Why don't gas flames radiate much heat directly, but metal objects heated by them do? Gas barbeque manufacturers place metal bars, ceramic plates or lava rocks above the gas burner so that they radiate more heat towards the grill. Cooking directly over a single gas flame just w... | [
"makes the burger alive",
"turns the burger into groceries",
"transfers energy from the charcoal to the burger",
"freezes the burger solid"
] | C | if food is cooked then heat energy is added to that food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3094 | evolution, definitions, artificial-selection
It does not lead to new species
In short, 1) it does lead to new species 2) the concept of species is often meaningless as poorly defined 3) evolution > speciation. In more details, below..
It does lead to new species. Different lineages of cabbage are considered differen... | [
"food",
"populace",
"transportation",
"deaths"
] | B | if members of a species are born then the population of that species increases |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3095 | geophysics, sedimentology
Title: Does dirt compact itself over time? If so, how does this happen? If I were to bury something 10 feet (~3 metres) underground, with loose soil on top, would the ground naturally compact itself over time, until whatever I had buried has dirt tightly pressing against it on all sides?
What... | [
"candles",
"spaceships",
"love",
"rabbits"
] | D | tunnels in soil loosen that soil |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3096 | species-identification, zoology, ornithology
Title: Identification by tail feather I saw the remains of a bird today I did not recognize, and it was pretty mangled so it was hard to describe it. It was about the size of a robin. However, it had a dark brown mottled body like nothing I have ever seen. I have included b... | [
"migrate",
"adapt",
"die",
"reproduce"
] | B | thick feathers can be used for keeping warm |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3097 | climate-change, geography, rivers, rainfall, agriculture
Today Climate change and its consequences are some of the biggest challenges facing Humanity, with water scarcity being the big factor in Sub-Sahara Africa.
By Ultimately raising the Rainfall in the entire Southern Africa, through the managed and controlled fill... | [
"rainbow",
"plentiful",
"meager",
"talented"
] | C | a desert environment is low in availability of water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3098 | classical-mechanics, rotational-dynamics
Title: How can earthquakes shift the earth's axis? One often comes across news articles that claim that an earthquake shifted the earth's axis.
http://news.google.com/?q=earthquake%20shifted%20OR%20shifts%20earth%27s%20axis
If you ignore the influence of other celestial bodie... | [
"happiness",
"solar flares",
"temp changes",
"earthquakes"
] | C | the Earth being tilted on its axis causes seasons |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3099 | # Thread: Most likely of two examples
1. ## Most likely of two examples
Hi My instructor gave us two examples and posed a question:
We have a fair coin which is more likely?
1. We flip the coin 100 times and see exactly 50 heads.
2. We flip the coin 1000 times and see exactly 500 heads.
Someone in the class said ... | [
"a human goes from teenager to adult",
"a human goes from child to preteen",
"a human goes from teenager to child",
"a human goes from infant to toddler"
] | C | adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3100 | energy, waves, energy-conservation, interference, superposition
Title: What happens to the energy when waves perfectly cancel each other? What happens to the energy when waves completely cancel each other out via destructive interference? It seems like the energy just disappears, but that would violate the law of ener... | [
"light bulbs are gold",
"lights are always on",
"wall switch is adjusted",
"walls are painted blue"
] | C | a switch is used to stop the flow of current in an electrical circuit |
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