source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2901 | thermodynamics, phase-transition
Title: Melting gold at room temperature? https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181120125750.htm
I'm skeptical about how the researchers claim that the gold melted at room temperature. Isn't what's really happening is that the electrical field is merely exciting the gold atoms,... | [
"cleaning the bathroom",
"I bake macaroni",
"I run around",
"sewing a dress"
] | B | melting is when solids are heated above their melting point |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2902 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"crickets",
"mice",
"fish",
"weeds"
] | D | rabbits eat plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2903 | history, time, terminology
Title: What's the reason that we have a different number of days each month? It always was interesting for me to understand the answer for the question:
What's the reason that we have a different number of days each month?
If the month is fixed on the time that the moon circles the earth, ... | [
"1,000",
"twenty",
"100",
"less than two"
] | D | the moon orbiting the Earth approximately occurs 13 times per year |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2904 | meteorology, lightning, extreme-weather
Title: Should I worry about copper pipe outside attracting lightning strikes? I used some copper pipe outside to string some decorative lights up higher in my yard. I used the copper because I thought it would be pretty and patina nice.
Then I remembered that copper is a good co... | [
"a large pair of rubber shoes",
"a medallion made of plastic products",
"a medallion made of ferrous metals",
"a medallion made of crystal"
] | C | ferrous metals contain iron |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2905 | homework, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy
and 'Vascular Plants = Winning! - Crash Course Biology #37'
https://youtu.be/h9oDTMXM7M8?t=373
[5] Osmosis (water compensating solutes) "In Da Club - Membranes & Transport: Crash Course Biology #5"
https://youtu.be/dPKvHrD1eS4?list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF&t=148
Ian (and dad <= all ... | [
"bottom",
"top",
"left side",
"right side"
] | A | xylem transports materials through the plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2906 | cosmology, universe, big-bang, theory-of-everything
This would lead to more complex things.
But now, what is a "thing" in this scenario?
Well, I don't know. Let's say "everything that one could give a name".
The first thing we got in this scenario was time, wich is quiet logical I think du it's necessary to seperate... | [
"coats",
"droplets",
"sand",
"bugs"
] | B | living things require water for survival |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2907 | refraction, geometric-optics
This requires a refractive index just greater than 1.7 ($1/\sin(36)$ - definitely possible.
If you are willing to have the exit direction ($a_4$) be something other than zero, then you can improve on the above solution (make it possible with lower refractive index).
The following is multi... | [
"lego bricks",
"car windshields",
"paper",
"lemons"
] | B | objects made of glass cause refraction of light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2908 | space, atmospheric-science, planets
For your deep well, you'd have to consider the shape of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and the variation of pressure with altitude (and include a non-Earth "g"). Frame the problem in terms of the amount of loss that you're comfortable with--- something so small that it won't be... | [
"an air conditioner",
"a boat",
"a mountain",
"an oven"
] | D | an oven is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2909 | dna, zoology, radiation, entomology
1.-3. Therefore, the only sensitive part of insects is the intestinal epithelium which gets renewed on a regular basis (similar to that of humans, also a known target of radiation), but...
Insects (and generally the arthropodes) are known to have exoskeleton. This potentially serve... | [
"make efforts to starve",
"breed with some cats",
"be very sad about it",
"cease populating the earth"
] | D | if all members of a species cannot produce offspring then that species will likely become extinct |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2910 | metabolism, energy, physiology
Title: Glycolytic non-oxidative pathway I am currently digging in some books to understand the three major metabolic pathways involved in physical training. The most difficult one for me is the glycolytic non-oxidative pathway (also more commonly known as the anaerobic lactic pathway) an... | [
"fat",
"protein",
"motion and heat",
"sweat"
] | C | shivering is when an animal creates heat by shaking to keep the body warm |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2911 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"eat meat",
"consume fish",
"devour water",
"masticate leaves"
] | D | plants are a source of fibers |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2912 | botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy
Title: How do plants grow year after year even though they die? How do plants grow, die, and then grow again? For instance, when my plants die during the winter, how do they grow again next year? Does it have something to do with the root system? Or do they even die? It depends ... | [
"fly away",
"cry",
"run",
"perish"
] | D | usually plants die or become dormant during the winter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2913 | species-identification, ichthyology
Title: What type of jellyfish is this? Friends of mine recently came back from a visit in kenya and on the kenyan beach they said they found several jellyfish with "sails" on their head. We tried finding out what they were and found one image online that was exactly the type of jell... | [
"Sarah",
"Metal",
"Cars",
"Wood"
] | A | poisonous darts are used for defense by sea anemones |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2914 | species-identification, zoology, marine-biology, ichthyology, bone
Title: Identification of a strange skull My father is a fisherman in the Baltic sea, and he has found this very strange skull. I would like to know to which animal it belonged. Can someone help identify it? Looks like this is a neurocranium of a tuna ... | [
"Jackal",
"Wolf",
"Eagle",
"Bear"
] | C | eagles eat rabbits |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2915 | trees, forestry
Title: Why do some trees hold their leaves through fall and winter? Why do some species of oak (Quercus spp.) retain their leaves through fall and winter? I've found that these leaves are called marcescent leaves. There must be some benefit that the tree gains from this because it seems like it would ... | [
"increase in number",
"change color",
"shed",
"shrink"
] | A | when a plant grows , the number of the leaves of that plant may increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2916 | visible-light, sun, weather
Title: Why are clouds lighter than the sky during the day but darker at night This is probably a very basic question but I couldn't find a good answer to it, most search results are about rain clouds or clouds appearing red at night (something I've never seen except for during sunset but ap... | [
"birds",
"dust",
"precipitation",
"angels"
] | C | precipitation is when hail fall from clouds to the ground |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2917 | evolution, botany, development, fruit, seeds
What is the point of fruit if not to be eaten? It’s my understanding that organisms will adapt to survive and thrive. I understand that being eaten can spread seeds, but this just seems like too much of a risky tactic to rely on.
Following on from part one: If being eaten i... | [
"a car",
"a sun beam",
"a whale",
"a hummingbird"
] | D | A bird is a pollinating animal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2918 | evolution, botany, development, fruit, seeds
What is the point of fruit if not to be eaten? It’s my understanding that organisms will adapt to survive and thrive. I understand that being eaten can spread seeds, but this just seems like too much of a risky tactic to rely on.
Following on from part one: If being eaten i... | [
"positive",
"negative",
"very low",
"neutral"
] | A | seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2919 | visible-light, spacetime, astronomy, gravitational-lensing
Title: Does the Sun cause star to appear in the sky on two different positions? So, I was reading A brief history of time and it was talking about the sun bending the light of a star causing it to appear on a different place from where it actually was located.... | [
"because of the earth's orbit",
"the stars had rotated",
"Jeff had been instantly transported thousands of miles from where he'd been at 10pm.",
"the earth had turned"
] | D | the Earth rotating on its axis causes stars to appear to move across the sky at night |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2920 | organic-chemistry, everyday-chemistry, experimental-chemistry, biochemistry, food-chemistry
Title: How Bread is made with yeast, sugar and luke warm milk? Materials and Apparatus:
wheat flour
sugar
dry yeast
glass bowl
covering plate
milk
Procedure:
Lukewarm milk is taken in the glass bowl and sugar is added to it.... | [
"electrical energy",
"water energy",
"solar energy",
"heat energy"
] | D | a toaster converts electrical energy into heat energy for toasting |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2921 | zoology, sensation
Title: Can animals that rely heavily on sonar sense colour? Apparently there're species around as rely heavily on sonar to sense the world around them.
E.g. Bat, Dolphin, Whale ...
The humans, and other terrestrial beings in a lighted world are capable of distinguishing colour in varying degrees of... | [
"hearing",
"smell",
"eyesight",
"nose"
] | C | coloration is used to find a mate by some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2922 | material-science
Title: Optimal material for a hammer head I was watching a TV show in which a gold hammer was mentioned. It was not serious but caused me to wonder whether gold would be a good material and, if not, what else might be. An attraction of gold is that it has a high density but that advantage is probabl... | [
"at the pyramids",
"in the desert",
"at a junkyard",
"in the jungle"
] | C | an electromagnet contains cylindrical ferrous metal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2923 | genetics, human-genetics, history
Title: Did the eugenics program in Nazi Germany have a measurable effect? Did the killing or sterilisation of people considered as living a "life unworthy of life" in Nazi Germany have any measurable effect on the "average health" of Germany? Is there any statistical evidence that the... | [
"a sleeper",
"an party animal",
"insomniac",
"a workaholic"
] | A | exercise has a positive impact on a human 's health |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2924 | entomology
Title: What is the name of this tiny creature? It looks like a tiny piece of moving cotton? By chance, I saw this tiny insect on my bag a few days ago in Sydney. Am I the first person who has pinpointed this animal?! If not can you please let me know its name? From your image, it looks like it might be a wo... | [
"a chipmunk",
"a cactus",
"a chihuahua",
"a cat"
] | A | if an animal relies on plants for food then that animal must store enough food to last through the winter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2925 | the-sun, light, rotation, planetary-atmosphere
Title: Why is twilight longer in summer than winter and shortest at the equinox I recently decided to set my alarm clock to wake me up when it is "dark" out. In the end, I decided to set my clock to the earliest time that nautical sunrise is in my state (Illinois) and st... | [
"Germany",
"Canada",
"New Zealand",
"Panama"
] | C | the winter solstice is on June 21st in the southern hemisphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2926 | evolution, terminology, natural-selection, computational-model, definitions
A variation exists between some fitness related hereditary material as regards their final causal effect on the degree of their fitness in a common environment $E$. Mathematically speaking, this is:
$\exists E, g_1, g_2( E \text { is an envir... | [
"how much you drink",
"How much you eat",
"How short you are",
"how much you weigh"
] | C | height is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2927 | r, python, phylogenetics, phylogeny
Idea 2
This is pairwise data and NXH format could insert the pairwise data for each edge (via TreeNode.add_feature()) for each 'edge' thus salamander would have 7-0 or 7,0 inserted using NHX. That is absolutely technically where the data belongs, but how this read later is more chal... | [
"a Punnett chart",
"square Ouija board",
"square plastic beaker",
"today's weather forecast"
] | A | a Punnett square is used to identify the percent chance of a trait being passed down from a parent to its offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2928 | photons, material-science, absorption, optical-materials, glass
Funny thing is, as I wrote this long question, I feel like I answered my own question. Is it basically that whereas the molecules in opaque materials generally convert photons to heat after absorption, those in transparent materials such as glass/water ar... | [
"water",
"anger",
"warm rays",
"solar eclipse"
] | C | if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2929 | human-biology, senses
Olfaction (smell, as carried out by neurons in the nasal epithelium; e.g. smell of vanilla, and smell of bad food)
Gustation (taste, as carried out by neurons on the tongue; e.g. salt, sugar)
Antigen chemosensing (chemical sensing, as carried out by, for instance, immune antigen receptors on B ce... | [
"air",
"plastic",
"vanilla",
"nothing"
] | C | animals taste flavors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2930 | # Logic problem
##### Active member
Consider the following sequence of statements:
$$S_1: \text{at least 1 of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ is false}\\ S_2: \text{at least 2 of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ are false}\\ \vdots \\ S_n: \text{at least } n \text{ of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ are false}$$
Where $n$... | [
"whales need oxygen",
"whales need fishing",
"whales need mercury",
"whales need boats"
] | A | an animal requires oxygen for to breathe |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2931 | c#, .net
Title: Laundry - sort socks This is very artificial problem
Each sock has exactly 1 match.
Can only take one random sock out of the Laundry basket.
Can only compare to the last random sock.
If it matches you put the match aside.
It is like you have a stack of socks and you can only match on the top sock.
... | [
"darkness",
"comfort",
"temperate",
"wonder"
] | C | a hot something is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2932 | features and so on unnecesary! Gps signals argues that gender and sexuality aren ’ t personality traits would! Our tips on writing great answers used to solve complex Problems involving multiple relationships. Given pre-approval for credit transfer © 2020 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa ... | [
"lemons :: sound energy",
"doorbells :: sound energy",
"doorbells :: light energy",
"lightbulbs :: sound energy"
] | B | a doorbell converts electrical energy into sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2933 | thermodynamics, electromagnetic-radiation, blackbody
What generally happens is that after an e.g. visible photon comes in and gets absorbed, the energy is converted to heat, and it is later emitted by a thermal emission as described above.
This thermal emission may be in the infra-red range (for practical temperatures... | [
"resistance",
"salt",
"moisture",
"sand"
] | A | friction causes the temperature of an object to increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2934 | ros, bullet, transform
So it appears that the Bosch package has been built for Fuerte and is no longer backwards compatible with Electric. To get it working with Electric you would have to install and change their source code.
Originally posted by Thomas D with karma: 4347 on 2012-06-05
This answer was ACCEPTED on th... | [
"paper weight",
"pie filler",
"chiller",
"anti-conductor"
] | D | brick is an electrical insulator |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2935 | Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut... | [
"a stove can be used to make pasta",
"a stove is used to store food in the kitchen",
"a stove is used to store food underwater",
"a stove is used to cook food underwater"
] | A | a stove generates heat for cooking usually |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2936 | pressure, everyday-life
Title: How does sharpening a pencil make it darker? Why does a sharp pencil write better than a blunt one?
Note that the force applied on each case is identical. When you make a line on a piece of paper using a pencil, you are shearing (sliding) off layers of graphite from the pencil 'lead' an... | [
"eraser",
"logo",
"the middle",
"wood"
] | C | pencil lead contains mineral graphite |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2937 | There is a concept of $$C\setminus B = \{x\in C$$ but where $$x \not \in B\}$$. As we know that $$x\not \in B$$ that if $$x\in C$$ then we must have $$x\in C\setminus B$$. But $$C\setminus B$$ certainly doesn't have to be empty!
So that doesn't follow at all!
But now we have proven both $$x ∈ C$$ and $$x \not \in C$$... | [
"lemonade can be heated to form water",
"lemonade can be cooled to form steam",
"lemonade can be heated to form steam",
"water can be cooled to form steam"
] | C | steam is a kind of water above 100 degrees celsius |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2938 | food-chemistry
popcorn (kernels)
honey (jar of)
sugar (most forms)
alcohol (spirits like vodka, whiskey)
dried beans, dried lentils
I would not be planning to eat any of these stored for 25 years myself. And in general I'd suggest testing the items before trying them after 25 years or more (if you feel you must).
I ... | [
"heal",
"do well",
"vomit",
"feel good"
] | C | food spoiling has a negative impact on the health of the animal that eats that food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2939 | organic-chemistry, aromatic-compounds, phenols, organic-oxidation
Thus the migratory aptitude and stability of the carbocation are the two effects which create the differences in the product formation in case of oxidation of Cumene and Toluene.
(Note : For clarification, see the migratory aptitude order here : https:/... | [
"animals feeling more comfortable being outside",
"animals getting more sick",
"animals getting more aggressive",
"animals dying from sub-zero weather"
] | A | migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2940 | genetics, gene-expression, human-genetics, mitochondria, gene
Title: Father with mutated mtDNA- why isn't his offspring at risk? Mothers transmit their mitochondria (and therefore mtDNA) to their offspring and fathers don't. Lets assume that father had a mutation of the gene that encodes mtDNA, would then be his offsp... | [
"Cats",
"Dating",
"Candy",
"A mole"
] | D | An example of reproduction is laying eggs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2941 | optics, geometric-optics, lenses
I found a hand magnifier whose focal length was approximately $5$ cm and set it up to be about $4$ cm from the lens so that the virtual image would be about 25 cm from the lens.
I then put another grid 25 cm from the lens as shown in the photograph.
What was pleasing was that the iPhon... | [
"stuck on metal",
"hard to see",
"really very tiny",
"more easily seen"
] | D | as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be observed better |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2942 | galaxy
Luminosity could be more likely a factor than gravity, as a sun with 100 solar masses would be about a million times as luminous as our sun, and 1 million solar luminosity, to equal the solar output from our sun it would only need to pass within 1,000 AU or 1/60th of a light-year, and a sun that bright would pu... | [
"this is truth",
"all of these",
"unknown",
"maybe"
] | A | the solar system contains the moon |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2943 | amateur-observing, binoculars
Title: How do I prevent or reduce shake when observing with binoculars? I have some 16 x 50 binoculars that my parents bought me years ago. Recently I have tried to do some basic lunar and planetary observations with them but I am seriously struggling with shaking. This was most noticeabl... | [
"distant",
"near",
"close",
"beside her"
] | A | binoculars are used for observing distant objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2944 | thermodynamics, water
Title: Energy efficiency: better to heat hot tub constantly or twice a day for a longer period? I've got a hot tub in my garden with 1,500 litres of water in it and the target temperature is 38° centigrade.
The tub has two operating modes:
Economy: circulate water twice for 3 hours within 24 hou... | [
"H2O",
"gasoline",
"sunshine",
"electricity"
] | A | An example of conservation is avoiding waste |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2945 | inorganic-chemistry, experimental-chemistry
Title: Proper disposal of calcium hydride/calcium hydroxide I had probably 2-3 grams of calcium hydride leftover in a schlenk flask from predrying a distillation of benzyl chloride. For the disposal, I diluted the flask contents in about 30mL isopropanol and then, over a wat... | [
"feces",
"dirt",
"harmless dissolved rocks",
"mercury"
] | C | treating water is used to remove harmful substances before drinking |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2946 | geology, mineralogy, minerals, weathering
To me, supergene has a specific meaning, it may be part of the weathering process in some locations, but weathering involves the breaking down of rocks due to: reactions with atmospheric gasses, water (usually rain), changes brought on by plants, bacteria wind and temperature.... | [
"wind turbines",
"solar panel",
"shad tree mechanic",
"giant ice river"
] | D | a glacier causes mechanical weathering |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2947 | forces, gravity, velocity
Title: Working of force of gravitation on the objects moving at the speed comparable to the speed of light If two clamped objects of mass m starts moving at the speed comparable to the speed of light.Will the gravitational force between them increase?
$$
m=\frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}... | [
"spun around",
"brought together",
"exposed to light",
"moved apart"
] | B | as distance from an object decreases , the the pull of gravity on that object increases |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2948 | homework-and-exercises, kinematics, acceleration, speed
Title: Initial speed in homework problem This is a homework question. I tried to solve it, but failed.
I had to translate this question, so please forgive me if it is poorly worded.
In this question you can ignore the atmospheric effects.
A certain bird dive... | [
"speedily enjoy viewing",
"observe quickness",
"watch slowly",
"look away"
] | B | speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2949 | Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut... | [
"octopuses avoid sharks by blinding them with a dark substance",
"octopuses avoid scorpions using ink",
"octopuses avoid sharks using powerful claws",
"octopuses avoid scorpions by eating them"
] | A | ink is used for hiding from predators by octopuses |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2950 | Wisconsin Wildflowers Yellow, Adaptability Culture In Organizations, Tree Of Savior Hunting Grounds 2020, 2 Timothy 2:16 Kjv, Aristolochia Florida Native, Best Grass For Goats In The Philippines, Seymour Duncan Sh2 Bridge,
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Redwoods are supported by | [
"donations from the environmental protection agency",
"very large and thick trunks",
"twenty chainsaw wielding psychopaths",
"industrial plants near the ocean"
] | B | a trunk is a source of support for a tree |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2951 | volcanology, volcanic-hazard, volcanic-eruption
Title: Would a Yellowstone eruption destroy global agriculture? Someone recently claimed in my hearing that if the Yellowstone caldera were to erupt, the resulting ash cloud would end all agriculture for a year or two. (The speaker is not a scientist, and neither am I.) ... | [
"relocation",
"planting seeds",
"breeding",
"studying"
] | A | natural disasters can cause animals to leave an environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2952 | geophysics, climate-change, climate-models
What changes with Earths precession is the position of the stars. The sky will shift depending on where Earth is in it's 22,000 year wobble. Similarly, the North star won't always be the North star. The night sky will look shifted by about 46 degrees in 11,000 years (some... | [
"visitors",
"locations",
"time zones",
"seasons"
] | D | each season occurs once per year |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2953 | humidity, water-vapour
Title: Water vapor content versus specific humidity I am wondering the difference between water vapor content and specific humidity to determine the moisture availability in the atmosphere. Which one is more acceptable variable to determine the moisture availability in the atmosphere?
I need to ... | [
"a dog",
"a cat",
"a rat",
"puffy white fliers"
] | D | water vapor is found in the atmosphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2954 | homework, reproduction, allele
Title: Albinism inheritance problem: what are the father's alleles if he got an albino kid?
Albinism is caused by a recessive gen "c". A normal man marries an
albino woman. The first son happened to be albino. What are the
possible phenotypes of the parents? What is the chance that ... | [
"vision organ",
"wallpaper",
"blood",
"dirt"
] | A | eye color is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2955 | Note:
Depending on where, and how frequently, you round during this function, your answers may be off a few cents in either direction. Try rounding as few times as possible in order to increase the accuracy of your result.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Which of the following is mo... | [
"humans can build bombs to harness hydropower",
"dams are a means of reducing reliance on oil",
"humans can build skyscapers to harness hydropower",
"humans cannot build dams to harness hydropower"
] | B | hydropower is when falling water produces electricity |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2956 | hydrology, mountains, rivers
Title: Why do rivers have 'wells' in mountains? Why/how can rivers have sources in places high above the sea level? The presence of water underground has nothing to do with sea level in mountainous country.
When rain fails on a mountain, or snow falls on a mountain and the snow eventually ... | [
"a flat edge",
"sharpest side",
"everywhere",
"a softer side"
] | B | water flows down a slope |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2957 | organic-chemistry
It is highly unlikely that one of the $\mathrm{X1}$ mechanisms happen on the primary chlorine due to the very badly stabilised intermediate primary carbocation we would need, highly unlikely for an $\mathrm{S_N2}$ reaction to proceed on the tertiary chlorine due to steric hindrance (especially since ... | [
"an ember",
"oil and water",
"steel and iron",
"play dog"
] | A | chemical reactions cause chemical change |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2958 | electromagnetism, computer
As for MRI scanners, there's a reason why the first and last thing they check, when you go and have an MRI scan, is that you have nothing potentially ferromagnetic on or in your body. The reason is that anything ferromagnetic that gets too close to an active MRI magnet is likely the get tor... | [
"they were getting ice water injected so they would stay cool in the Amazon",
"they wanted to avoid contracting something",
"aliens performed experiments on them",
"they wanted to catch the flu"
] | B | vaccines can help prevent illness |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2959 | thermodynamics, visible-light, temperature, thermal-radiation, biology
Title: Why are people dark skinned in hotter areas despite dark colour absorbing the most heat? I’m not sure if the reason is in the field of biology or more towards physics but as my reasoning is based on the physics part being that perfectly blac... | [
"bear",
"penguin",
"moose",
"scorpion"
] | D | warm-weather organisms live in warm climates |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2960 | polymers, plastics
Title: What is Polymer Environmental Resin (PER)? I'm no chemist and I probably wouldn't understand any technical answer but...
I'm investigating the environmental impacts of various materials as compared to PVC and this is one that crops up regularly as a more environmental alternative.
Unfortunate... | [
"acquired earth materials",
"rocks",
"car pools",
"bees"
] | A | recyclable means a material can be recycled |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2961 | zoology, entomology, ant, sociality
Giving some reasons for their existence:
To what use is all this effort? Not, it seems, as protection from the elements. The earthworks fall apart in rain, and disintegrate when the earth is dry. Arcades are thin enough to puncture with a tap of a finger, which means a route is wea... | [
"shoes",
"enabled",
"TV",
"taken away"
] | D | humans moving into an environment usually causes native species to lose their habitats |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2962 | newtonian-mechanics, energy, everyday-life, biophysics
Running involves more and varied movements, it's a very different gait. It is definitely not just the same movement as walking but faster. Some of those movements are vertical, or relate to jumping, some have shock absorption components and relate to landing. Much... | [
"arteries",
"lungs",
"knees",
"eyes"
] | A | veins transport nutrients throughout the body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2963 | zoology, mathematical-models, software, imaging
Title: What would it take to recognize a deer by its photo? I am trying to recognize a deer by its antlers or any other means.
Elaborating:
I was hoping to use their antlers to recognize them but I have heard that most deers shed their antlers every year so it would be ... | [
"personal garden",
"field of alfalfa",
"cool mountain stream",
"decomposing body"
] | D | most animals avoid bad odors |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2964 | plant-anatomy
Title: Are bryophyte sporangia multicellular? My research on the matter can be summarized in a sentence: "It [sporangium] can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular" (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporangium). Yet there shouldn't be a reply placed between "They are" and "They aren't... | [
"oil",
"dirt",
"darkness",
"castor"
] | B | soil is a renewable resource for growing plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2965 | evolution, zoology, taxonomy, phylogenetics
The apomorphy that defines the tetrapods is "paired limbs". You have Amphibia to the left and Amniota to the right, whose apomorphy is " egg with extraembrionic membranes". Inside them, you have Reptilia, whose apomorphies are "skull with upper and lower fenestra and beta-ke... | [
"salamanders can regrow their tails",
"salamanders can lose their tails",
"frogs can breathe air and water",
"they begin as a different looking being"
] | D | shale can be metamorphosed into slate by increased pressure |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2966 | c++, game
outfile << "Room:" << endl;
outfile << "5 2" << endl;
outfile << "country_10" << endl;
outfile << "You are in the countryside, to the north is the road & to the south is a large hill." << endl;
outfile << "null" << endl;
outfile << "Maybe go back to the road?" << endl;
outfile << "0" ... | [
"caused by gusts",
"due to clouds",
"made by trees",
"because of litter"
] | A | soil erosion is when wind move soil from environments |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2967 | magnetic-fields, earth
Title: Would a compass on its side point at the ground? From a point just north of the equator, A straight line to the Magnetic North would be through the earth. If a compass was turned on it's side, would the north pointing arrow point toward the ground along that straight line? A compass is us... | [
"the world is positive",
"the world is wet",
"the Earth is fat",
"the Earth yanks it"
] | D | natural magnetism is used for pointing north by a compass |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2968 | thermodynamics, energy, temperature, estimation
Title: What would happen if a 10-kg cube of iron, at a temperature close to 0 kelvin, suddenly appeared in your living room? What would be the effect of placing an object that cold in an environment that warm? Would the room just get a little colder? Would it kill everyo... | [
"a running boiler",
"an iceberg",
"a wet towel",
"a sofa"
] | A | a hot substance is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2969 | evolution, zoology, adaptation
One answer that came to mind is domestic animals - the horse and dog in prehistory, the cat in ancient Egypt, etc. That seems too obvious on one hand, and on the other hand may not really be an answer, as there seems to be no indication that pre-domestic animals were endangered by humans... | [
"trees",
"meals",
"air",
"water"
] | B | camouflage can be used for hunting for prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2970 | ecology, population-dynamics, ecosystem, antipredator-adaptation, predation
I would also like to talk about other things that might be of interest in your model (two of them need you to allow evolutionary processes in your model):
1) lineage selection: predators that eat too much end up disappearing because they cause... | [
"go down",
"phone number",
"atomic number",
"egg shell number"
] | A | harming an animal species causes that animal 's population to decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2971 | I suspect that what you actually meant was that there are half as many nodes of height $m+1$ as there are of height $m$. This is the correct observation to make, so long as $m$ is less than the height of the tree (which I take to be a hidden assumption). By inductive hypothesis, there are $$\left\lceil\frac{n}{2^{m+1}}... | [
"a walnut was carried to the new spot on a light breeze",
"a walnut was picked and carried into a house",
"all the walnuts were gathered by a walnut farmer",
"a squirrel was forgetful"
] | D | In the tree reproduction process a squirrel has the role of seed disperser |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2972 | biochemistry, neuroscience, neurophysiology, vision, eyes
*Personally, I find it hard to grasp just how large the difference in Illuminance (and hence photon numbers) is for example between day and night. See here for a comparison. As you can see, our visual system has to deal with an enormous dynamical range of illum... | [
"batteries",
"the movie industry",
"chemical romance",
"snow"
] | A | a flashlight converts chemical energy into light energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2973 | Note: Before you can calculate how many plants will be required to fill a given area you'll need to first determine the total square feet of the planting bed. Many online calculators use this formula: $$Total\,number\,of\,plants = {Area\,of\,garden \over Plant\,spacing^2}$$. Image Credit: Getty Images Calculating even ... | [
"introduction of cactus plants",
"introduction of grasshoppers to the garden",
"introduction of Bombyliidae to the garden",
"introduction of weevils in the garden"
] | C | plant reproduction requires pollination |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2974 | image-processing
Title: High Dimensional Spaces for Images Can anyone explain why pictures are not considered 2D, but rather high dimensional? Especially with regards to CV and AI. From one perspective, a picture is a 2D image, because it has height and width.
But from a machine learning perspective, we can think of a... | [
"valleys",
"mountains",
"basins",
"deep sea"
] | B | landslides often occur on mountains |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2975 | predators (y2) die of natural causes (Reaction 3). At the same time , a trio of coming-of-age Predators have arrived to collect the skulls of the aliens as trophies , and the humans are caught between a deadly battle between the Spectacular and decent Aliens/Predators movie set in Antarctica where a motley group takes ... | [
"nothing.",
"remain the same",
"go down",
"go up"
] | D | as the population of prey decreases , competition between predators will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2976 | homework, reproduction, embryology
Title: Which process is needed to complete male reproductive development? In order to properly complete male reproductive development:
A. primordial germ cells must begin Meiosis I in utero.
B. Sertoli cells must produce testosterone.
C. Dihydrotestosterone must masculinize Wolffian ... | [
"some carbonated soda",
"some carbon dioxide",
"some carbonic acid",
"carbon monoxide gas"
] | C | a cavern is formed by carbonic acid in groundwater seeping through rock and dissolving limestone |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2977 | entomology
Title: The death of Earthworm In rainy season when children sprinkle salt on earthworm ,it dies.But salt is not dangerous.We use it daily.Then why earthworm dies? It's because on the earth worm skin's special mucous. Acording to this article: Why do earthworms die when salt is sprinkled on them? the mucous ... | [
"trees",
"nutrients",
"air",
"real estate"
] | B | decomposition increases the amount of nutrients in the soil |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2978 | geophysics, earth-history
Title: Impact Erosion Selectivity In Offloading Radioactive Material ref : https://science.ubc.ca/news/asteroid-impact-erosion-helped-make-earth-habitable
According to the theory of impact erosion, the early crust was presumably much hotter w/ radioactive isotopes (U & K, primarily) and thus ... | [
"cereal bowl",
"ocean",
"desert",
"tundra"
] | C | being exposed to heat can cause erosion of rocks |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2979 | species-identification, botany
Weakley (2015) "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States"
1 Leaflets 3, toothed, lobed, or entire; shrub or vine.
2 Fruits pubescent or papillose; leaflets entire, coarsely toothed, undulate, or round-lobed; lower surfaces of leaflets either velvety puberulent, sometimes becomin... | [
"love",
"anger",
"happiness",
"clothes"
] | D | waxy leaves are used for storing water by some plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2980 | zoology, ethology
Title: Is there a term for tool use in animals? Is there a technical/scientific term that scientists use to refer to tool making abilities found in certain types of animals?
Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_cognition#Tool_and_weapon_use Having read this article on tool use in Chimpanzees... | [
"mankind's closes relative using a stick to get ants out of a hole",
"a person throwing a hammer into a pool",
"a bird building a nest",
"someone looking at screwdrivers in a store"
] | A | An example of using tools is a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2981 | geophysics, plate-tectonics, earth-history, continent
Title: Why Do Supercontinents Form? It would seem, on the face of it, improbable that the continental land-masses would accumulate into a single composite, yet it has happened numerous times, and is expected to again in the future.
There must likely then be some ... | [
"tape measure",
"ruler",
"seismograph",
"geiger counter"
] | C | a seismograph is used for measuring the size of an earthquake |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2982 | star, universe, density, hypothetical
Title: Is there a star over my head? Say I'm standing up straight, and I draw a straight line from my core through the top of my head (perpendicular to the ground). What is the probability that that line intersects with a star?
EDIT: I'm not trying to exclude any stars. This shoul... | [
"it would shrink smaller",
"it would feel warmer to touch",
"it would freeze over",
"it would become a gas"
] | B | absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2983 | atmosphere, climate-change, thermodynamics, radiative-transfer
All of which have a compounding effect in the regional and to a lesser degree, global environment, that Chen et al. attribute to as being a cause of a 1-2K temperature rise in high altitude areas in Eurasia and North America and as a disrupting influence i... | [
"seasonal storms",
"annual flooding",
"natural woodland fires",
"clear cutting"
] | D | if the amount of available food and water decreases in an environment then animals may leave that environment to find food and water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2984 | reproduction, evolutionary-game-theory
Title: Why don't all male animals kill a rejecting female? If a male animal is sure that the female animal will not reproduce with it, wouldn't it be mathematically optimal for the male to kill the female? (To ensure that no alleles of the "overreact-to-rejection" gene in other m... | [
"laugh",
"sing to them",
"murder them",
"kiss them"
] | C | avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey 's ability to reproduce |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2985 | electromagnetic-radiation, earth, gamma-rays
Title: EM waves with frequency much higher than gamma rays penetrate a planet like Earth? I have just started to study the electromagnetic waves as a personal interest. I wonder if there exist a much higher frequency of electromagnetic wave than Gamma Ray's which can even p... | [
"cats",
"grass",
"water",
"cigarettes"
] | D | radiation is when heat is transferred through waves |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2986 | radiation
You see similar things happening here. The metal rod at the top of the lamp acts as a capacitive ground - given the very high voltage, a tiny charge will flow from the tip of the filament to the rod. There is a small amount of gas in the tube which is ionized and gives rise to the light you see. The electron... | [
"a beam",
"fires",
"the sun",
"candles"
] | A | a flashlight emits light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2987 | earth, geophysics
Title: What is the most optimal earth's axial tilt in terms of variation of seasons? What is the most optimal earth's axial tilt in terms of variation of seasons?
What would be optimal axial tilt for earth that life would exist and change of seasons would be at minimal level? If Earth had 0 inclinati... | [
"and birds fly around the moon",
"and beans grow on the other side",
"and another's celebrating Halloween",
"and a desert on another"
] | C | the Earth being tilted on its axis causes ones side of the Earth to receive less energy from the Sun than the other side |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2988 | # Thread: Most likely of two examples
1. ## Most likely of two examples
Hi My instructor gave us two examples and posed a question:
We have a fair coin which is more likely?
1. We flip the coin 100 times and see exactly 50 heads.
2. We flip the coin 1000 times and see exactly 500 heads.
Someone in the class said ... | [
"a felled tree rots",
"a stone pile rots",
"a living tree rots",
"a pile of sand rots"
] | A | dead organisms rot |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2989 | reproduction, nutrition, ornithology
Title: Do chickens always lay eggs? http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hühnerei says it takes up to 24 h for a chicken to produce an egg.
Is that dependent on the chickens nutrition, i.e., if it does not get enough food or the wrong kind, meaning it can survive on the food but it does no... | [
"vampire bats",
"flying squirrels",
"lesser whitethroats",
"coyotes"
] | C | birds lay eggs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2990 | mechanical-engineering, gears
Hopefully this all makes sense so far.
A lever doesn't actually move strictly up-and-down, though. It rotates about the fulcrum. The actual distance the input traverses is $L_1\theta$, and the output moves $L_2\theta$, where $L_1$ is the length of the lever from the input side to the ful... | [
"feather",
"grain of sand",
"drop of water",
"safe"
] | D | a lever is used for moving heavy objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2991 | astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science
It is for much the same reason that Winter is colder than Autumn, even though they have the same amount of daylight hours.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
In America, we know that January is a Winter month. But in other par... | [
"store",
"coma",
"differing hemisphere",
"different world"
] | C | January is during the winter in the northern hemisphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2992 | thermal-radiation
As my target is always the same with fixed emissivity, there should be no vital need for 2-band measurement.
Are there any issues with this single-band temperature measurement approach? Alternatively, I might add $\mathrm{PbS}$ photoresistor ($2.1\,\mu\text{m}$ maximum), but they are not that precise... | [
"depth",
"heat",
"height",
"pressure"
] | B | a thermometer is used to measure temperature |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2993 | orbit, gravity, astrophysics
Trying to look at this in another way, consider the angular momentum of the spacecraft. As long as it is only under sun's gravitational influence, its angular momentum cannot change. However, once it's under the influence of another planet, the two angular momenta - one w.r.t. the sun and ... | [
"how the moon phases",
"the plants we are able to eat",
"the stars location appearance in relation to earth",
"the heat of the sun"
] | C | stars appear to move relative to the horizon during the night |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2994 | astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science
It is for much the same reason that Winter is colder than Autumn, even though they have the same amount of daylight hours.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
On continents nearer the north pole than the south, winter months su... | [
"the most daylight",
"the longest daylight",
"growing daylight hours",
"short daylight"
] | D | the amount of daylight is least in the winter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2995 | waves, atmospheric-science, turbulence
The clouds form if the rising air reaches the lifted condensation level before the updrafts are stopped by an inversion or stable layer. The air is (relatively) clear above the downdrafts. If the convection rolls were perfectly circular, the cloud row spacing would be twice the ... | [
"freezing",
"raining",
"snowing",
"evaporation"
] | D | evaporation is when water is drawn back up into the air in the water cycle |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2996 | newtonian-mechanics, energy, everyday-life, biophysics
Running involves more and varied movements, it's a very different gait. It is definitely not just the same movement as walking but faster. Some of those movements are vertical, or relate to jumping, some have shock absorption components and relate to landing. Much... | [
"rain",
"winds",
"clouds",
"swamps"
] | D | webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2997 | paleontology, fossils, desert
Title: Why are many fossils found in deserts? Why are deserts famous for fossils? Is it a coincidence? Some examples:
Giant Catfish Fossil Found in Egyptian Desert
Chile's stunning fossil whale graveyard explained
Giant Dinosaur Fossil Found in Sahara Desert I would contend that the fact ... | [
"horses",
"hoarded energy",
"sandy nostrils",
"star gates"
] | B | An example of an adaptation is camel humps |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2998 | general-biology, habitat
Title: How does life change when you dig deeper? I've just realized that I have no idea what life / biotopes / soil looks like when you dig deeper than a few meters.
I know that in the first meter of soil you can find all sorts of live animals (like moles and rabbits), insects (like ants, but ... | [
"planting new trees",
"a light drizzle",
"a human camping",
"an apartment complex"
] | D | if a habitat is destroyed then that habitat can not support animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2999 | earth-history, mass-extinction, geobiology, evolution, ecology
Title: Why haven't weeds overtaken the entire planet? Given how rapidly weed plants spread and grow, choking out all other plant life, how come after millions of years we haven't ended with forests full of thistle or pokeweed, as opposed to pines or oak tr... | [
"foxes nap",
"sharks swim",
"birds die",
"gulls help"
] | D | birds are a vehicle for spreading the seeds of a plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3000 | Note:
Depending on where, and how frequently, you round during this function, your answers may be off a few cents in either direction. Try rounding as few times as possible in order to increase the accuracy of your result.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Which of the following is mo... | [
"ice has greater mass when carved",
"ice has greater mass when crushed",
"ice disappears instantly when carved",
"ice has approximately equivalent mass when carved"
] | D | as state of matter changes , mass will not change |
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