source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2801 | electrochemistry, metal
Title: Corrosion of a galvanic couple made with silver and gold If a bangle is made out of gold and silver, connected with each-other would there be corrosion happening?
If so, can it be explained using the galvanic series?
Also do those metals undergo oxidation under normal conditions? As you ... | [
"condensation",
"self-stimulation",
"evaporation",
"conduction"
] | D | when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2802 | memory-hardware
Title: Without Rare Metals One often sees assertions that these are "necessary" for modern military and consumer computing applications. I presume that without these rare metals, the devices could be manufactured, but would be larger and/or more expensive. Is this true? Sort of, it seems.
First, I am ... | [
"proximity",
"relocation services",
"talking",
"seeing each other"
] | A | magnetism does not require contact between objects to act |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2803 | earth-rotation, geologic-layers
Title: Do Earth's layers move at different speeds? I don't have a background in Geology but this question popped in my head the other day and can't find an answer anywhere else.
If I remember science class correctly, Earth's layers have different element compositions. Would it be correc... | [
"large limestone bunkers",
"thick stone piles",
"mostly solid clay",
"silicate rocky shell"
] | D | the mantle is a layer of the Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2804 | co2, oxygen
Title: Could earth run out of O2? Death in a closed environment due to lack of O2 is actually not that bad:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUfF2MTnqAw
And as far as I know as we are cutting down our life saving woods and jungles less $O_2$ is being produced and more $CO_2$ is not converted back to $O_2$.
... | [
"Buildings",
"Cars",
"Space",
"Cats"
] | D | cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2805 | 1. all chicks peck to the left. 0% of chicks are unpecked.
2. all chicks peck to the right. 0% of chicks are unpecked.
3. all chicks, divided in pairs, peck each other, 0% of chicks are unpecked.
4. chicks are divided in groups of 4, where the pair in the middle pecks each other, while chicks on the edge peck this pair... | [
"male",
"increasing young",
"producing zero",
"producing live young"
] | B | as the number of eggs laid by an animal increases , the number of eggs that hatch will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2806 | botany, terminology, trees
Title: Branch taking over a tree trunk I stumbled upon a birch growing in sandy soil in a coniferous forest in central Russia.
It looks like over time the tree trunk got bent towards the trail and one of the branches became the new trunk as it now grows straight up, whereas the old trunk is ... | [
"sky",
"roots",
"sky",
"leaves"
] | D | a stem is a source of support for a plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2807 | atmosphere, carbon-cycle
Title: For a tree over its entire existence, does it actually have a net negative effect on atmospheric CO2? A tree while alive converts CO2 + water -> carbohydrates + O2. However, once the tree dies, it decays, releasing CO2 back into the atmosphere. My question is, over an individual tree's ... | [
"be negatively disrupted forever",
"be made much worse",
"be altered in damaging ways",
"adjust in positive ways"
] | D | planting trees has a positive impact on an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2808 | java, role-playing-game
//This is where the critter attack goes
/*
* d100();
*
* if (d100Result >= 0 && d100Result <= 20) {
*
* } else if (d100Result >= 21 && d100Result <= 40) {
*
* } else if (d100Result >= 41 && d100Result <= 100) {
*
* } else {
* System.out.println(there is an error here!");
* }
*
... | [
"avoiding it",
"leaving it alone",
"building in it",
"ignoring it"
] | C | humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2809 | newtonian-mechanics, forces, friction, free-body-diagram
How do you know your legs were pushing back against the earth? Did you have a force meter?
What you would actually find, were you to measure the situation properly, is that you did not actually push back against the earth. You only pushed up and down, effectiv... | [
"baseball",
"kickball",
"golf",
"hockey"
] | B | if an object is kicked then force is exerted on that object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2810 | ocean, glaciology, ice, ecology, cryosphere
Title: Do icebergs have any impact on ecology? Are icebergs neutral actors in the environment, or do they have any impact on the local ecology. Do they have any environmental impacts that might influence any part of the biosphere? Yes, they have many impacts:
They provide ... | [
"dumping toxic waste in rivers",
"contaminating the ground with poison",
"building cars in large numbers",
"making sure trash is reused for new reasons"
] | D | landfills have a negative impact on the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2811 | machine-learning
We're thus mostly concerned with the small categories which might be present in the train set but absent from the test set and/or present in the test set but absent from the train set.
One way of dealing with such situation is merging small categories (e.g. under 2% of all observations) into a single ... | [
"distraction",
"confusion",
"control",
"designating"
] | D | classifying is when one sorts something by type |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2812 | equilibrium, entropy, free-energy, mixtures
The reaction entropy rules usually taught first are about the physical state of the pure substances. If you go from a condensed state (solid or liquid) to a gas, the molecules are less constrained. Similarly, if you open up a ring, the molecule itself has more conformational... | [
"adding cats to a home",
"adding cream to tile",
"adding lemon juice to milk",
"adding salt to sand"
] | C | if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2813 | thermodynamics, temperature, everyday-life, phase-transition, humidity
Title: Steam from a cup of coffee I observed that, in winter there is more visible steam from a cup of coffee than in summer. Is there any phenomenon taking place here. The amount of water that air can take up before the water creates fog or visibl... | [
"burn",
"melt",
"boil",
"thicken"
] | D | water vapor cooling causes that water vapor to condense |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2814 | javascript, datetime
// a simple helper function
function nextDay(date) {
return new Date(date.getFullYear(), date.getMonth(), date.getDate() + 1);
}
// as long we're in the same year, keep adding 1 day,
// and store the ones that match the weekday we're looking for
while(current.getFullYear() === year)... | [
"most of a month",
"most of thirty hours",
"most of a week",
"most of a year"
] | B | one day is equal to 24 hours |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2815 | dna, human-genetics, dna-sequencing, genomics
Title: Is it possible to deduce facts about a person's parents just by studying his/her genome? As an example, suppose Anne had abusive parents. Is it theoretically possible to deduce this from her genome even if she didn't inherit this quality (of being an abusive parent)... | [
"hair length",
"vacation days",
"nose shape",
"pet preference"
] | C | DNA is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2816 | species-identification
Title: What bird / animal has this call? USA MA NE
I have a bird / animal coming to the trees in the backyard making this call (see link to audio file), which does not really sound like a bird - it's fairly low frequency. I have not seen it. Sometimes it sits in a young tree, where you can almos... | [
"the bird gets a bigger home",
"the bird gains more space",
"the bird loses its home",
"the bird is happy"
] | C | if a habitat is removed then that habitat is destroyed |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2817 | classical-mechanics, energy, electricity
Title: Can we imagine having a computer keyboard that recharges itself through mechanical utilization? Silly question here.
I have a debate with my father, and while I am decent at high school level physics, both he and I cannot determinate through calculus which of us is wrong... | [
"it will produce hydroponic energy",
"it will produce warmth",
"it will produce kinetic energy",
"it will produce hydro energy"
] | B | electrical devices convert electricity into other forms of energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2818 | astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science
Title: Why is the summer, in the temperate latitudes, in average, hotter that the spring? It is common knowledge that the transition from the Spring to the Summer season occurs in the Summer Solstice when the "Sun reaches its highest excursion relative to the ... | [
"of the water",
"of the axis",
"of the shade",
"of glaciers"
] | B | summer is when a hemisphere is tilted towards the sun |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2819 | electrical-engineering, power-electronics, temperature
I would not recommend messing around with cooling if you want the temperature to be very constant. I would operate the unit at the high end above your highest environmental temp. Perhaps something like 40C as your constant temp and use a heating element surroundin... | [
"comfort",
"body fat",
"shelter",
"protection"
] | B | fat is used to keep animals warm |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2820 | reinforcement-learning, ai-design, control-theory
Without any proximity reward, you will rely on the wolf literally bumping into the rabbit through random behaviour, before it will have any data example that getting the vector between itself and the rabbit close to (0,0) is a good thing. You may need to have a relativ... | [
"to show rabbits they should stay away",
"to get the energy it needs to survive",
"because it hates rabbits",
"to show other wolves it is strong"
] | B | living things all require energy for survival |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2821 | botany
Title: Greyish spots behind a peach's stone, what could they be? I'm sorry if it's a silly question, but what are those greyish spots behind the stone of this peach (or whatever this is)? What are they for? Are they safe to eat? The fruit is ok from the outside Callus can develop inside peaches (https://www.tas... | [
"nutrients",
"high school students",
"water",
"pocket change"
] | A | a seed is used for storing food for a new plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2822 | atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, climate-change
Comment: I strongly endorse the use of wind and hydropower as sources of energy over the further use of fossil fuels. However, I still think it is important to do research into the actual renewability of presumed-renewable energy sources, as we don't want to end up with ano... | [
"unreal",
"careless",
"re-useable",
"noneffective"
] | C | a windmill converts wind energy into electricity |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2823 | ocean, waves
Title: What causes waves to form the characteristic "breaking" shape as they approach the shoreline? We all know that as waves approach the shallow shores, the waves begin to form a characteristic shape. The upper portion of these breaking waves appears to curl forward and downwards over the bottom segme... | [
"heavily buttered bagels",
"sauteed mushrooms",
"silica",
"high school students"
] | C | sand dunes are made of sand |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2824 | electromagnetism, magnetic-fields, electric-fields, electromagnetic-induction
Consider as an example : Sinusoidal field applied to the coil. (Suppose the field to be in $z$-direction and coil to be in $xy$-plane.
$$\vec{B}=B_0\sin(\omega t)\hat{k}$$
As an exercise find $\vec{E}$ using the symmetry of the system and
$... | [
"air",
"audio speakers",
"candles",
"grass"
] | B | a light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy when it is turned on |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2825 | meteorology, tropical-cyclone, extreme-weather
Title: Why would Google's map of areas affected by Hurricane Harvey have advisories for the west coast and other far away areas?
What behavior of this hurricane would lead to advisories for the west coast and even parts of Canada and Alaska, when the hurricane is in the ... | [
"runs for president",
"becomes an earthquake",
"increases in strength",
"decreases in strength"
] | D | when a hurricane moves over land , that hurricane will decrease in strength |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2826 | geology, mineralogy, minerals, weathering
To me, supergene has a specific meaning, it may be part of the weathering process in some locations, but weathering involves the breaking down of rocks due to: reactions with atmospheric gasses, water (usually rain), changes brought on by plants, bacteria wind and temperature.... | [
"release a best selling album",
"create a black hole in the desert",
"turn a sculpture to dust",
"create a time traveling vortex"
] | C | sediment is formed by weathering |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2827 | thermodynamics
Based on this page in a “Blaze” book, my six year old asked “which would win?” between water and lava. On further investigation, we refined the question to: which would turn solid first in similar conditions, a liter of room temperature water or a liter of volcanic lava? You've got the right idea — you ... | [
"it freezes into a solid",
"it turns into a gas",
"it reaches its melting point",
"it flies up into the sky"
] | C | melting point means temperature at which a solid melts |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2828 | climate-change, climate
In this case, as it is an area that it is almost constantly cloudy with high humidity, temperature is varying just a little bit, and except the first day of the period, it seems that there is no relationship. In fact, on the second day there was a storm (I am living now at Singapore) and it is ... | [
"daisies",
"black holes",
"magic",
"time travel"
] | A | temperature changing can cause phase changes |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2829 | humidity, air-pollution
Title: Does usual city pollution have effects on relative humidity? I've noticed that in a rural area with low pollution the relative humidity is constantly lower than the humidity in a high polluted city. Is there any correlation between pollution and humidity? By way of reference, "humidity ... | [
"compost pile",
"grass seeds",
"recycling center",
"trash heap"
] | D | an landfill is a source of pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2830 | electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current
I was wearing flip flops from the time I stripped off my neoprene wet suit at the car until the time I started getting shocked (my wife was wearing Birkenstocks).
I had been snorkeling for about an hour in the Pacific Ocean wearing a full body wet-suit, booties, and gl... | [
"a paper lined surface",
"a steel lined one",
"a wood lined one",
"a cotton line surface"
] | B | metal is an electrical energy conductor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2831 | evolution
bacteria
cyanobacteria
archaea
protists
fungi
algae
plants
nematodes
arthropods
vertebrates
Bacterial and archaean colonisation
The first evidence of life on land seems to originate from 2.6 (Watanabe et al., 2000) to 3.1 (Battistuzzi et al., 2004) billion years ago. Since molecular evidence points to bact... | [
"water",
"magic",
"nourishment",
"alcohol"
] | C | In the food chain process some types of plankton have the role of producer |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2832 | meteorology, climate-change, gas, pollution
Title: Regarding various types of atmospheric pollution Does all the car pollution (from about 150 million cars at least in the U.S. and a lot more in all of North America and the rest of the world) all the smoke-stack pollution of various factories and all the Airline pollu... | [
"wolves attacking deer",
"dolphins under water",
"man made reasons",
"naturally occurring reasons"
] | C | humans cause pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2833 | reproduction
Title: Why are so many species reproducing late this year? Hope this question is OK for this site, couldn't see where else to ask it.
We've spent a few days out in the countryside recently, and have been very surprised at how many species appear to have very young offspring so late in the season. I was al... | [
"neutrally",
"negatively",
"very little",
"positively"
] | D | an animal being born when food is available has a positive impact on that animal 's health |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2834 | botany, mathematical-models, statistics, biostatistics, migration
Title: Biostatistics: Pollen dispersal directionality What Information am I looking for?
Think about a tree that is sending pollen all over the place. Because of wind, most pollen grain will go toward one direction. Imagine, we split the 2D area around ... | [
"consuming flower sustenance",
"eating pizza",
"swimming in bleach",
"going to space"
] | A | An example of seed dispersal is is an animal gathering seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2835 | evolution, botany, development, fruit, seeds
What is the point of fruit if not to be eaten? It’s my understanding that organisms will adapt to survive and thrive. I understand that being eaten can spread seeds, but this just seems like too much of a risky tactic to rely on.
Following on from part one: If being eaten i... | [
"soup",
"elk",
"fish",
"duku"
] | D | humans sometimes eat seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2836 | botany, plant-physiology
Title: Can any plant regenerate missing tissue? I have not yet found a plant that, when an insect eats a hole in one of its leaves, it can regenerate the lost tissue. Many plants will grow a new stem if the old one is cut, but it is not a perfect regeneration, and has no likeness in form to th... | [
"in clouds",
"taller",
"without sunlight",
"without water"
] | B | specialized tissues at the ends of plant stems are used for growing taller by plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2837 | human-anatomy
Taken from here such people would be able to dislocate then get their hands in front and relocate.
The body can be trained to be quite flexible through training like gymnastics etc...
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
If a person is navigating then they are most likely | [
"sitting indoors",
"holding a wheel",
"reading a book",
"laying in bed"
] | B | An example of navigation is directing a boat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2838 | In mathematics, we say that two objects are similar if they have the same shape, but not necessarily the same size. In other words, if two figures A and B are congruent (see Fig.1) , then using a tracing paper, Fig-1. if it is can you please explain how you know its true. If 2 squares have the same area, then they must... | [
"burn both objects in fire",
"dip both objects in water",
"apply identical layers of pigmentation",
"destroy both the objects"
] | C | painting an object a color causes that object to be that color |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2839 | species-identification, zoology, entomology
Title: Species identification; clusters of big plump red bugs in Taipei I saw these red insects in Taipei near XinBeitou MRT station in the last week of April 2017, around lunch time. They were fairly active and would keep checking each other out with their antennae for a mo... | [
"acclimated",
"celebrated",
"hunted",
"destroyed"
] | D | humans changing an environment sometimes causes that environment to be destroyed |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2840 | aqueous-solution, carbohydrates, organic-oxidation
Title: Why might a prepared 1% solution of glucose take 2 hours to give maximum, stable reading on a glucometer? I put 1.000g of glucose powder into a 1 L volumetric flask and filled the flask to the 1L line with room temperature distilled water.
I then inverted sever... | [
"turn bitter",
"evaporate faster",
"slightly warm",
"become sweet"
] | D | dissolving a substance in water causes the water to taste like that substance |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2841 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"Smile",
"TV",
"Shoes",
"expire"
] | D | an animal needs to eat food for nutrients |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2842 | optics, atmospheric-science, weather
Title: Explanation for an unexpected rainbow Yesterday, I observed an unexpected rainbow in the sky. There was no forecast for rain, neither was it raining anywhere nearby. I have been trying to find an explanation but don't seem to find any. Can someone please explain what this ra... | [
"yellow",
"gold",
"blue",
"gray"
] | D | grey clouds are a source of precipitation |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2843 | thermodynamics, absorption
When you want to boil water efficiently, you do two things: cover the pot (limit loss due to evaporation) and put the heat inside if you can: for example the submerged heater element in electric kettles. Other forms of boilers also put the heat in the middle of the water (think water heaters... | [
"a rabbit",
"a squirrel",
"a bird",
"the Johnson family"
] | D | a shower is a source of hot water for washing |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2844 | organs, lifespan
Title: Organs lifespan out of the body What organ can be conserved outside of the body for the longest time and still function when reimplanted? Depends what you consider an organ. Typically though it's the cells which require the most metabolic activity which have the shortest life span. The kidney i... | [
"one pumping blood",
"brain",
"liver",
"kidney"
] | A | the heart is mostly made of muscle |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2845 | orbit
Title: Traveling constantly towards West. That is clockwise If I travel against against the Earth's rotation. Say once around the world. I will always see sunrise and never a sunset
Is that accurate? If you travel west so quickly that you go around the world in one day (24 hours) then the sun will remain almost ... | [
"multiple hours",
"eons",
"several years",
"decades"
] | A | a Rotation of the Earth on itself takes one day |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2846 | zoology, species-identification, ornithology, behaviour
Title: What is this crow eating, and is it a common part of the corvid diet? Here's a picture (by Rob Curtis) of a crow carrying and eating the corpse of what looks a bit like a small hawk or falcon:
Other pictures clearly show the crow is eating the dead bird. ... | [
"eggs",
"eagles",
"dogs",
"geckos"
] | D | hawks eat lizards |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2847 | geophysics, seismology, instrumentation
Title: How can I calculate the sensitivity of a seismometer? I would like to know if a specific seismometer can measure 1 micron/sec velocity. I have a few specs from the datasheet but I'm not a seismologist and am trying to figure out how to relate the specs to one another.
I h... | [
"bird",
"bunker",
"lemonade",
"jello"
] | B | a seismograph is a kind of tool for measuring the size of an earthquake |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2848 | everyday-life, ice
Title: Why are some parts of this ice block cloudy and other parts clear? I had a sprain in my leg a few days back. The doctor recommended dipping my foot alternately in ice-cold and hot water to aid blood circulation. It is here that I discovered something interesting.
The picture above shows the ... | [
"upper hemisphere",
"a flowing river",
"a temperature higher",
"hot reaction"
] | A | as temperature during the day increases , the temperature in an environment will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2849 | hygiene, food-chemistry
Dishes and utensils are only susceptible to bacterial growth if there's traces of food on them. Washing is meant to remove traces of food and oil so bacteria can't multiple on them. The conditions must be right for bacteria to multiple. If traces of food were to be completely dry and hardened o... | [
"burn",
"lose heat",
"get hotter",
"warm up"
] | B | if a hot substance is touches a cold object then that substance will likely cool |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2850 | everyday-life, water, physical-chemistry, surface-tension
I understand there are complaints about image quality. I cannot fix these as I do not have access to photography equipment to take higher quality images. (This photo was taken with a flagship 2023 smartphone).
The best text description that I can give is that t... | [
"lava",
"air",
"sand",
"melted ice"
] | D | matter in the liquid state drips |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2851 | particle-physics
Title: Explanation for self-rupture glass is needed I witnessed a phenomenon that I couldn't conclude its cause. Please bear with me for the length of the recall, for I merely want to include any details that might help us to investigate. I had a cooking glass lid sat on a wooden shelf that is away ... | [
"make babies",
"eat sandwiches",
"level planets",
"create towering hills"
] | D | mountains are formed by volcanoes |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2852 | # Logic problem
##### Active member
Consider the following sequence of statements:
$$S_1: \text{at least 1 of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ is false}\\ S_2: \text{at least 2 of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ are false}\\ \vdots \\ S_n: \text{at least } n \text{ of the statements }S_1-S_n \text{ are false}$$
Where $n$... | [
"biofuel releases CO2 but is better than oil",
"biofuel is without flaws",
"biofuel can single-handedly end CO2 production",
"biofuel is perfect for the environment"
] | A | biofuel releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2853 | fluid-dynamics, pressure, fluid-statics
Altitude
Today's astronomical observatories are constructed at locations where the altitude is 4 to 5 kilometers, such as on the highest mountain tops of the Hawaiian islands.
Astronomers have to acclimatize in order to work at an altitude like that. The acclimatization period a... | [
"brimstone",
"fire",
"hail",
"rainfall"
] | D | precipitation is when water falls from the sky |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2854 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"hay",
"roots",
"thistles",
"venison"
] | D | herbivores only eat plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2855 | metallurgy, nuclear-chemistry, geochemistry
Title: Why are rare earth metals and platinum group metals are often found clustered together in ores Rare earth and platinum group metals are often found clustered together in the earth's crust. Mining for platinum, for instance, also yields Rhodium and Ruthenium belonging ... | [
"Glass",
"Grass",
"Vehicle scraps",
"Wood"
] | C | rocks often contain large amounts of metal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2856 | meteorology, snow, radar
Also note that winter precipitation adds an extra complication because the particles are lighter in weight and can thus be blown about more by vertical and horizontal winds. Raindrops (and hail) are quite likely to fall unless extreme updrafts exist because they are heavy. But drizzle, snow,... | [
"you may only see a car in front of you when it's too late",
"snow might break your windshield",
"a lot of deer like to travel during blizzards",
"a tornado is likely to pick up your car"
] | A | bad weather decreases visibility while driving |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2857 | botany, methods
I think it really depends on the type of plant whether its stems will root or not and how long the stem will retain its rooting potential after being cut.
If possible, you can try the following. Put the cut stem in a small plastic pot (they are very cheap) with soil and see if it roots (leaves will beg... | [
"cry",
"perish",
"eat",
"laugh"
] | B | if a weed is pulled then that weed is destroyed |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2858 | audio
Title: What audio effects, filters, distortions, etc. create a "vinyl" effect? I want to make any song sound like it's being played on a gramophone record in the 1920s. What specific filters would I apply to make this happen?
I'm looking for technical details, not some magical program that does it for me. I'm t... | [
"a bug",
"electrocution",
"a chopstick",
"space"
] | C | musical instruments make sound when they are played |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2859 | experimental-physics, dark-matter
Title: Distribution and detection of dark matter I feel in the dark (no pun intended :),
I'm sure most of you are familiar with this image I pulled from wikipedia:
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
A way to illuminate a dark study is to | [
"spread a good idea",
"introduce a spark to a wick",
"open a small box",
"put a book down"
] | B | a candle is a source of light when it is burned |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2860 | 1. ## Vector Intersection
Hi, I have a mechanics question here I can't quite get.
A destroyer sights a ship at a point with position vector 600(3i + j)m relative to it and moving with velocity 5j m/s. The destroyer alters course so that it moves with speed v m/s in the direction of the vector 4i + 3j. Find v so that ... | [
"watch for sharks",
"load passengers",
"hold their anchor",
"increase their speed"
] | D | a force continually acting on an object in the same direction that the object is moving can cause that object 's speed to increase in a forward motion |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2861 | genetics, botany, reproduction, dendrology
So why I don't get the apple-tree of the scion kind if I plant the seeds from an apple which has grown on such a tree? I would expect that the genes in the apple seeds must be the same. However if I plant the seeds, I have to graft the new seedling again. The reason most appl... | [
"plant trees",
"feed birds",
"attract birds",
"drop seeds"
] | C | birds sometimes eat insects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2862 | air-pollution
Title: Less pollution: moving hurricane debris to other regions for use, or burning? When a big hurricane hits, it can create debris on the scale of $\mathrm{10^8 yd^3}$. Cities in Florida, Texas, and other affected areas are struggling to hire enough trucks and drivers to pick it up quickly. But aside... | [
"neutrally",
"positively",
"negatively",
"very little"
] | B | recycling resources has a positive impact on the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2863 | zoology, sensation
Title: Can animals that rely heavily on sonar sense colour? Apparently there're species around as rely heavily on sonar to sense the world around them.
E.g. Bat, Dolphin, Whale ...
The humans, and other terrestrial beings in a lighted world are capable of distinguishing colour in varying degrees of... | [
"Magic",
"Imagination",
"Family",
"Justice"
] | C | bluebirds live in grassy spaces |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2864 | newtonian-mechanics, centripetal-force
To move the device, no further energy would be required, yet we would neither violate the conservation of momentum, nor the conservation of energy, while the center of mass would remain at the same place for this closed system, at all times.
Sounds too good to be true, so what di... | [
"the ball was being stubborn",
"the ball was large and made of iron",
"they were pushing from opposite sides using the same muscle power",
"the ball was 2 miles across"
] | C | if two equal forces in opposite directions act on an object then that object will stay in the same place |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2865 | zoology, ecology, species-distribution, migration
Title: How do animals end up in remote areas? I was thinking specifically about random marshy water holes on farmers fields. It seems that you can visit just about any one of these and you will find frogs if you look hard enough.
They usually don't seem to be connected... | [
"less animals around",
"too much food",
"destruction",
"better food"
] | C | rocks are a source of shelter for small animals in an environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2866 | geography, earth-system, astronomy, orbit, geodesy
(the vertical axis is logarithmic)
We can see that around 10 km away from the subsolar point, ~10 meters are enough to be closer than it to the Sun. ~30 meters at 20 km, ~800 meters at 100 km, ~3,000 m at 200 km, and if you go further than 340 km, not even Mount Evere... | [
"the same time that the nights are the longest",
"in the month of March",
"6 months after Christmas",
"in the fall season"
] | C | the amount of daylight is greatest in the summer |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2867 | meteorology, snow, radar
Also note that winter precipitation adds an extra complication because the particles are lighter in weight and can thus be blown about more by vertical and horizontal winds. Raindrops (and hail) are quite likely to fall unless extreme updrafts exist because they are heavy. But drizzle, snow,... | [
"make it worse",
"Make it tasty",
"make it better",
"make it hot"
] | A | a decrease in visibility while driving can cause people to crash their car |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2868 | safety, equipment
Finally, make sure someone doesn't get the idea that the hood will stop all fumes and try to do a perchloric acid experiment using that hood--that will go badly.
Now, all this being said...
What you really need isn't to make this safe, what you need is to convince administration that you're doing th... | [
"the species would have to emigrate",
"the species would thrive",
"the species would die off",
"that animal type would be depleted"
] | B | when a habitat can support living things , living things can live in that habitat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2869 | botany, species-identification
Title: Plant identification? Can anyone identify the plant below? It's in a backyard in Pennsylvania, and the photo was taken today. Those flowers don't come from the same plant as that big leaf in the front do they? Cant help you with the leaves, but the flower looks like a daylily. sou... | [
"a quartz stone in a ring",
"a bowl of chicken soup",
"an apple in the fridge",
"a piece of cake"
] | C | some flowers become fruits |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2870 | species-identification, ornithology
Why would a mother do that to her young? Does she hates the little one? Not at all. It’s just that those little birds were made to fly, and they don’t know it, so she is going to push them out of the nest. She never lets them hit bottom, but she does let them fall, because they have... | [
"the worms it ate",
"the birds it discovered",
"the warmth it provided",
"the leaves it saw"
] | C | female birds sit in nests |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2871 | physiology, ichthyology
Salmon use to deal with the NaCl fluxes driven by the gradients between the salmon and its surroundings. In their gill epithelial cells, salmon have a special enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP and uses the released energy to actively transport both Na+ and Cl- against their concentration gradients. In... | [
"pushed in front of it",
"sung about by Jethro Tull",
"displaced in the Great Lakes",
"displaced directly behind it"
] | D | a squid produces thrust by pushing water out of its body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2872 | resources, soil
Title: Is soil a renewable resource? My geology textbook tells me that soil is not renewable, and I agree with this, but there was some question in my class as to whether this is true.
Some soils take more than a human lifetime to regenerate. However, in crop production, it seems as if soil can be reg... | [
"go down",
"laugh",
"go up",
"fly away"
] | A | nature is the source of natural resources |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2873 | mycology, microscopy, parasitology
Cross sections of leaves (hold between two thin pieces of polystyrene or cork and slice gently with a new single-edge razor blade or craft knife). . These will show the internal structure of the leaves - veins (xylem, phloem), cells etc. You can also use clear nailpolish to paint on ... | [
"vision enhancing aid",
"series of mirrors",
"toothpick",
"glass eye"
] | A | microscope is used to see small things by making them appear bigger |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2874 | javascript, beginner, game, dom
Title: Lights on: playing with buttons in Javascript First play with the game a little bit, and it is quite fun (a little hard but very satisfying when you win, be sure to put it full page):
<!DOCTYPE html5>
<head>
<title>Lights on</title>
<script>
document.addEventListener('D... | [
"completes a circuit",
"makes black holes",
"opens a circuit",
"breeds contempt"
] | A | when electricity flows to a light bulb , the light bulb will come on |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2875 | optics, geometric-optics
EDIT:::Clarifications
This question is the result of a debate with my friend, who says the room would be dark and me who says otherwise.
Now being said that let's move to specifics...let's assume that the room is a cuboid and the light source is say a light bulb i.e. an isotropic source like a... | [
"turn off all lights",
"throw it in the yard",
"get a new lamp",
"redirect it with reflections"
] | D | a mirror is used for reflecting light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2876 | human-biology, toxicology
Title: Is nicotine toxic to humans? More specifically, is nicotine in the concentrations that smokers receive when smoking cigarettes toxic? I know that in great enough concentrations it can be toxic (but then, so can just about anything else, including oxygen) and I know that in plants it is... | [
"dynamite going off",
"reading email",
"balloons popping",
"opening a soda"
] | A | explosions can cause harm to an organism |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2877 | materials
Title: Making Lyophilized Cake Lookalike using household ingredients I'm working on a machine learning model to identify flaws in vaccines in lyophilized cake form. To train the model, I need a number of samples that look something like this:
I have vials, but I'm having trouble making a suitable cake – I n... | [
"sweet and low",
"sucrose",
"flour",
"honey"
] | B | sugar causes food to taste sweet |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2878 | organic-chemistry, physical-chemistry, biochemistry, alcohols
Title: Storage of Urine Not all may be favorable to this project, but I will explain what I am trying to do. I work at home, and instead of walking a moderate distance to the bathroom and loosing my focus, I've been, at times, peeing in a 3 Quart Poland Spr... | [
"starve",
"need to hydrate",
"dehydrate",
"be thirsty"
] | A | lack of food causes starvation |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2879 | water, everyday-life, geometry, evaporation
Title: How would one calculate the amount of water contained in a cloud? So I was looking out the sky one day and I wondered how I would go about calculating how much water was contained in a cloud. I figured the following simple outline
1) We need to roughly know how big it... | [
"the moon will shine brighter",
"the open fair will be a success",
"the river will dry up",
"the farmers would rejoice"
] | D | rain is a source of water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2880 | ornithology
Title: How do birds learn their tunes in isolation from their own species? I wonder what a bird would sing if it didn't have its parents around (or any other birds for that matter) to learn its chirping sounds from.
I'm interested in how a bird would sing...
in complete isolation from creatures communicat... | [
"sitting",
"thinking",
"vocalizing",
"sleeping"
] | C | sound can be used for communication by animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2881 | human-biology, biochemistry
Title: Pasteurization and Bioavailability of Antioxidants in Beet Juice What are the effects of pasteurization on the antioxidants found in beet juice ? Does the process render most of the beneficial nutrients (betaine) useless and make them unable for the body to process as efficiently as ... | [
"iced tea",
"water",
"ginger ale",
"strawberry milk"
] | D | Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2882 | Here is one solution in $12$ pieces.
• Six of the pieces here only have crust on one corner, but didn't the problem say absolutely none? – Trejkaz Sep 2 '13 at 5:29
• @Trejkaz: The requirement is only that the measure of crust included in some piece $A_i$, i.e. $\lambda(A_i \cap \partial D)$, be 0. A single point of i... | [
"a shoe",
"a world",
"a cat",
"a knife"
] | B | the crust is a layer of the Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2883 | meteorology, severe-weather
The lack of rich low-level moisture is due in large part to the lack of accessibility from warmer moisture sources, particularly the Gulf of Mexico; the Rockies provide a barrier to much of the moisture reaching further west.
As you note, parts of Wyoming and Montana do see supercells and t... | [
"periods of less than usual precipitation",
"torrential rains across the plains",
"too many firefighters with McLeods and Pulaskis",
"high moisture content on incident commanders' heads"
] | A | drought may cause wildfires |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2884 | It just turns out nicely for C that he is one of the people whose hat colors D and C both know about.
To introduce a modified challange: if the task were to yell out C's hat color right away, D would know for certain, C would have the increased probability of $2/3$ and A and B would be stuck with the random guess of $... | [
"want zero protection",
"want safety goggles",
"want naked skin",
"want bare hands"
] | B | safety goggles are used for protecting the eyes during experiments |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2885 | One important takeaway here is that we're not thinking of "implies" in terms of causality or possibility. If you want to talk about such things, we have to go beyond propositional logic - modal logic is a good place to set up shop.
Any if-then statement beginning with "If" and then something that has a value of False ... | [
"two negatively charged iron ingots pull together",
"two negatively charged lemons pull together",
"two negatively charged rats pull together",
"two negatively charged dogs pull together"
] | A | magnetic attraction pulls two objects together |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2886 | ecology, biodiversity
One of the advantages of bamboo over wood is that bamboo contains some silicon in both inner surface (pith-ring) and outer surface (rind) of the bamboo culm.
--Calcium phosphate formation induced on silica in bamboo
As I say I remain very skeptical. There's no evidence shown that this has actual... | [
"darkness",
"bees",
"nutrients",
"pandas"
] | C | a living thing requires nutrients to grow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2887 | general-relativity, astrophysics, dark-matter, dark-energy, galaxy-rotation-curve
The reason photons make a much lower contribution to the Solar System than to the universe as a whole is because mass is much more concentrated in the Solar System than in the universe as a whole.
The following is multiple choice questi... | [
"Earth",
"Pluto",
"Mars",
"the Sun"
] | B | pluto has not cleared its orbit |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2888 | zoology, ornithology, ethology, behaviour
Title: Crow branch pecking behaviour I was walking through a small park when two crows started cawing at me, and followed me, flying from tree-to-tree as I walked. I speculate that this is a territorial or protective behaviour, but what I found different was the crows were vio... | [
"doing a cartwheel outside",
"singing on a stage",
"eating a large pizza",
"a mother feeding the kids"
] | D | An example of an instinctive behavior is a baby bird pecking at its shell to hatch |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2889 | In the next move you therefore:
Should press on the tile right or right-down of the bottom 3. Haven't calculated what could happen in the next step to decide which of these would be better.
• Another point to consider is how much useful information one would gain from picking a square that doesn't have a mine. Pickin... | [
"growing local daffodils and weeding",
"spreading trash and garbage",
"planting fast spreading plants",
"introducing a new species"
] | A | planting native plants has a positive impact on an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2890 | newtonian-mechanics, education
Something that might be worth trying is getting the children to push a goodly size toy wagon around with varying quantities of sand and ask them how hard it is to stop it once it gets moving. This is something that a child learns "kinetically": they may not have noticed before that it's ... | [
"running with the bulls",
"skydiving from a plane",
"swimming with great white sharks",
"rotating feet on pedals"
] | D | a human can pedal a bicycle |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2891 | motor, underwater, auv, protection
Title: Preventing leaks in motor shafts for underwater bots Whenever building an aquatic bot, we always have to take care to prevent leakages, for obvious reasons. Now, holes for wires can be made watertight easily--but what about motors? We can easily seal the casing in place (and f... | [
"the boat flies",
"the boat swims",
"the boat drowns",
"the boat rises"
] | D | as the amount of water in a body of water increases , the water levels will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2892 | zoology
Title: Can my dog really understand me? Are dogs capable to understands human language ( for example after order sit it sit because he know that word) Or can sence our order by body language and intonation if so why this type of communication developed only at dogs? Some researchers say that dogs have the inte... | [
"open a door",
"speak out loud",
"talk to friends",
"observe visually"
] | D | seeing is used for sensing visual things |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2893 | Decide the seating order of the people, starting from one of the brothers, say Ivan. Then position the other brother, Alexei, in one of the two slots (fourth and fifth) that fulfill the "separated by two others" condition - $2$ options. Then with Ivan and Alexei resolved, order the remaining five people in one of $5!=1... | [
"nearly an arm and a leg",
"the same number limbs",
"their left arms only",
"one right leg each"
] | B | the number of body parts of an organism is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2894 | reinforcement-learning, rewards, intelligent-agent, learning-algorithms, environment
What happens if you continue training after the agent has learnt the environment? Will it perform by reaching its goal every time or will there be failed episodes?
If you include training episodes, then RL learns mainly by "trial and... | [
"a child eating",
"a child's sight",
"a child's hearing",
"a child swearing"
] | D | animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2895 | human-physiology, digestion, stomach
The stomach accomplishes much of its function by mechanically breaking down the swallowed food particles and mixing them with acid and enzymes into a sort of slurry. To do this, there are three major layers of muscle surround the stomach - from the outside, the longitudinal layer, ... | [
"a pizza",
"a house",
"a rock",
"a car"
] | A | digestion is when stomach acid breaks down food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2896 | food, decomposition
Title: Worm compost cannot have cooked food I live in the Netherlands and it is getting fashionable to compost with worms. After investigating a few websites I noticed that most websites suggested that I cannot feed the worms leftovers from citrus fruits. This seems logical. I then started noticing... | [
"horses",
"cows",
"wolves",
"rabbits"
] | C | carnivores only eat animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2897 | plant-physiology, movement
To test this, you could take 2 paper-strips, of slightly different lengths. Now, stepple their end-portions (so-that no-one lag-behind the other, and whole length of long strip (here 10 cm) interact with whole length of short strip (here 8 cm)). Now if you gently try to stretch the whole thi... | [
"soak up more light",
"put out less pollen",
"be wilting very soon",
"fold in on itself"
] | A | as the size of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight absorbed by that leaf will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2898 | food, decomposition
Title: Worm compost cannot have cooked food I live in the Netherlands and it is getting fashionable to compost with worms. After investigating a few websites I noticed that most websites suggested that I cannot feed the worms leftovers from citrus fruits. This seems logical. I then started noticing... | [
"blow it up",
"make it glisten",
"pull it apart",
"set it ablaze"
] | C | decomposition is when a decomposer breaks down dead organisms |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2899 | metabolism, ecology, photosynthesis
Title: Why isn't phosphorus or nitrogen a limiting nutrient for animals? Nitrogen and Phosphorus are usually the limiting nutrient for plants, especially for algae. Phosphorus is used for DNA, ATP and phospholipids, and Nitrogen is used for pretty much every protein a cell might wa... | [
"the soil emanates nutrients into the air",
"the primary producers depend on the soil",
"all living things eat sand",
"the water we drink is from the soil"
] | B | if some nutrients are in the soil then those nutrients are in the food chain |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-2900 | evolution, mammals
Title: Why haven't land animals evolved beyond urination? It occurred to me (while urinating) that this would seem to be selected against because water is a scarce resource. Why are we constantly losing water we don't need to through urination? What is it about the chemistry of urine and the was... | [
"acquired heuristics",
"acquired characteristics",
"acquired interests",
"acquired statistics"
] | B | the condition of the parts of an organism are acquired characteristics |
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