source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3101 | polymers, molecular-structure
References:
Rice, E. W. The preparation of formazin standards for nephelometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 1976, 87 (1), 251–253.
Ziegler, A. Issues Related to Use of Turbidity Measurements as a Surrogate for Suspended Sediment. Turbidity and Other Sediment Surrogates Workshop; Reno, NV, USA... | [
"running",
"jumping",
"magic",
"rain"
] | D | when a river floods , that river deposits sediment in flood plains |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3102 | ethology, sociality, animal-psychology
Title: Frogs stop croaking at same time I know frogs start croaking at the same time to attract a female.
Why do they all stop at the same time? Calling is a risky activity because it makes the frog conspicuous to predators. When calling in a group, the risk to any given individ... | [
"slumbers for years",
"migrating",
"moving indoors",
"being exported"
] | A | when a hibernating frog emergest from mud , that frog has ended its hibernation |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3103 | plant-physiology
Title: Would a plant survive if it was watered using hard-water? Hard water is water with high mineral/salt content. I'm told that a potted plant watered with a salt solution dries out sooner or later. Is this true?
If so, would a plant survive if watered using hard-water? It would depend on the con... | [
"bee",
"cat",
"dog",
"mouse"
] | A | A bee is a pollinating animal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3104 | c++, strings, reinventing-the-wheel
void my_string::pop_back()
{
if (m_size == 0) return;
m_contents[m_size - 1] = '\0';
alloc.destroy(&m_contents + m_size);
//destroy old terminating zero
alloc.destroy(&m_contents + m_size + 1);
--m_size;
}
void my_string::push_back(char c)
{
if (m_space ... | [
"a brook",
"a field",
"a jungle",
"a coven"
] | A | a fish lives in water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3105 | evolution, mycology
Title: Why are some fungi poisonous? There are many poisonous fungi in nature. For example Amanita Phalloides.
What reasons could a fungus need poison for? Some species, like venomous snakes, use poison to kill other species as prey. But what about fungi? I can't think of any purpose for poison in... | [
"non-alive things",
"space",
"computers",
"the store"
] | A | dead organisms are the source of nutrients for decomposers |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3106 | reinforcement-learning, ai-design, control-theory
Without any proximity reward, you will rely on the wolf literally bumping into the rabbit through random behaviour, before it will have any data example that getting the vector between itself and the rabbit close to (0,0) is a good thing. You may need to have a relativ... | [
"it needs to drink",
"it can sense children nearby",
"it can tell where a victim is",
"it is wanting to play frisbee"
] | C | if two animals have the same food source then those two animals compete for food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3107 | energy, fuel, environmental-chemistry
Title: Effect of coal and natural gas burning on particulate matter pollution I sometimes hear people talking about how we should replace coal burning plants with natural gas ones, to alleviate the case of particulate matter pollution. What exactly is the difference between coal f... | [
"stock market",
"ecosystem",
"coal plants",
"electric companies"
] | B | conserving resources has a positive impact on the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3108 | atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, climate-change
Comment: I strongly endorse the use of wind and hydropower as sources of energy over the further use of fossil fuels. However, I still think it is important to do research into the actual renewability of presumed-renewable energy sources, as we don't want to end up with ano... | [
"crevasse",
"ocean",
"drought",
"water park"
] | A | a canyon forming occurs over a period of millions of years |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3109 | astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science
Title: Why is the summer, in the temperate latitudes, in average, hotter that the spring? It is common knowledge that the transition from the Spring to the Summer season occurs in the Summer Solstice when the "Sun reaches its highest excursion relative to the ... | [
"hibernation",
"flip-flops",
"Christmas",
"heavy coats"
] | B | a new season occurs four times per year |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3110 | atmosphere, carbon-cycle
Title: For a tree over its entire existence, does it actually have a net negative effect on atmospheric CO2? A tree while alive converts CO2 + water -> carbohydrates + O2. However, once the tree dies, it decays, releasing CO2 back into the atmosphere. My question is, over an individual tree's ... | [
"disks",
"plans",
"stone shelves",
"critters"
] | D | cutting down trees has a negative impact on an organisms living in an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3111 | botany, marine-biology, salt
Title: Mangroves and desalination of sea water I am not an expert but I guess that mangroves (or some other plants that thrive in sea water) perform some kind of desalination to extract fresh water from sea water.
Is this true? If yes, What biological mechanisms are used to remove salt fr... | [
"helps them out",
"rain from mountains",
"oceanic liquids",
"trees watered"
] | C | oceans contains most of earth 's water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3112 | electromagnetism, computer
As for MRI scanners, there's a reason why the first and last thing they check, when you go and have an MRI scan, is that you have nothing potentially ferromagnetic on or in your body. The reason is that anything ferromagnetic that gets too close to an active MRI magnet is likely the get tor... | [
"fillings dance",
"great yogurt",
"programs for assembly",
"a mess"
] | A | non-contact forces can affect objects that are not touching |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3113 | meteorology, hypothetical, water, geomythology, flooding
Title: Is a complete global flood physically possible on Earth? Genesis 7:11-20 presents an account of an event which, in 40 days, submerges the entire surface of the earth:
[On] the seventeenth day of the second month — on that day
all the springs of the great... | [
"inside of a mansion",
"a place where wild camels roam",
"a place where a lot of grass grows",
"on dark side of the moon"
] | C | a grassland environment receives more rainfall than a desert |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3114 | That would be a total of 5x30 + 3x40 + 2x60 = 390 plants (with an arbitrary factor that we'll set to 1 without loss of generality).
The amount of highbush is 5x30 = 150.
The amount of lowbush is 3x40 = 120.
The amount of hybrid is 2x60 = 120.
If the opossums didn't care, they would likely eat blueberries in this ratio... | [
"a berry juice slurry",
"large slices of meat",
"its self created nutriment",
"small bugs that glow"
] | C | green plants provide food for consumers by performing photosynthesis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3115 | php, object-oriented, classes
$FirstRockBand->displayMembers();
//echo count($FirstRockBand->badArray);
if (count($FirstRockBand->badArray) > 0){
$FirstRockBand->sorryReject("Sorry", "you didn't make it in.");
echo "<br /><br /> The rejected members have started their own group: " . $SecondRockBand->name .... | [
"trees",
"space",
"underwater",
"houses"
] | D | some humans live in houses |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3116 | sexual-reproduction
So when it's not maintained -- when there's no selection pressure on two populations -- inevitably there will be genetic drift that will randomly disrupt this fine-tuned system. If a population of, say, voles is isolated on an island, they will continue to have pressure to be able to interbreed wit... | [
"Make TVs",
"ice cream",
"make a cake",
"make babies"
] | D | reproduction produces offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3117 | motor, hardware, dc
$$ P = \tau \times \omega$$
Mechanical power is the product of torque and angular velocity. We can calculate that for the given mechanical power of $800W$, with the target velocity of $18.45 rpm$ you will have $43.4 Nm$ of Torque available at the wheel axis. Now we have assumed $150mm$ wheel diamet... | [
"electricity",
"ions",
"petroleum",
"charging"
] | C | an electric car uses less gasoline than a regular car |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3118 | thermodynamics, thermal-radiation, physical-chemistry, biophysics, solar-cells
Title: Extreme life - energy source for living tens of kilometers underground? Living cells were found up to at least 12 miles underground (article), and in other extreme places (BBC survey article), for which beside the problem of just sur... | [
"the moon shining at night",
"the fifth planet from the sun",
"the closest star to our planet",
"the vast ocean body"
] | C | the sun is the source of energy for life on Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3119 | temperature, light, heat
Title: Why does sunburn cause fever? Today I found out that sunburns can cause fever.
What I don't understand is how/why? In my understanding fever is the side effect of an immune reaction against an intruder, mainly bacteria (though I admit I can be wrong).
Google searches like "can sunburn c... | [
"in a swimming pool",
"in a safe space",
"near a running kiln",
"protected from any injury"
] | C | if a body part was burned then that body part was exposed to a lot of heat energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3120 | newtonian-mechanics, forces, fluid-dynamics
We instead make use of the fact that air is far less dense than water for a given volume. Water molecules also exhibit hydrogen bonding, a significant intermolecular attractive force. In accordance with the equation, we find that water exerts a much larger viscous force than... | [
"pool water is usually cooler than ocean water",
"pool waves carry more turbulence than ocean waves",
"pool water has less mass and density than saltwater",
"saltwater has less mass and density than pool water"
] | C | as the mass of an object increases , the force required to push that object will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3121 | astronomy, everyday-life, popular-science, climate-science
Title: Why is the summer, in the temperate latitudes, in average, hotter that the spring? It is common knowledge that the transition from the Spring to the Summer season occurs in the Summer Solstice when the "Sun reaches its highest excursion relative to the ... | [
"Day",
"Night",
"Extinction",
"Ice Age"
] | A | cycles of day and night occur once per day |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3122 | # Two screws are inspected and the first is found to be good. What is the probability that the second is also good
#### Ram123
##### New member
Question: All the screws in a machine come from the same factory but it is as likely to be from A as from factory B. The percentage of defective screws is 5% from A and 1% fr... | [
"falling apart quite fast",
"breaking in half immediately",
"with rotting wood this week",
"passed down from parent to child"
] | D | as the time a tool lasts increases , the number of tools discarded will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3123 | thermodynamics, evaporation, gas, liquid-state
On the water surface, knowing the temperature, we can estimate the vapor pressure and vapor mixture fraction. Then there will be an diffusion process for the water vapor to move out and for the ambient air to move in. Because the water surface doesn't allow the air to fur... | [
"orange juice",
"sunshine",
"rain",
"sweat glands"
] | D | sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3124 | electromagnetism, electricity, electrons, atoms, voltage
1Actually, electrons are also small magnets themselves (they have an instrisic quantum-mechanical spin) and therefore are attracted to inhomogenic magnetic fields, but that's quite another issue.
2Actually, it would... but that's mostly relevant in the high-freq... | [
"wood",
"A dog",
"a cloud",
"A zipper"
] | D | if a magnet is attracted to a metal then that magnet will stick to that metal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3125 | The largest it can be is actually also the smallest it can be. In fact, if the numbers 1 through $n$ are written and the same process followed, the end result will be $(n+1)! - 1$ no matter what order you combine numbers.
Let's take a smaller set, just $\{a, b, c\}$, to see why. If you group $a$ and $b$ first, you'll ... | [
"car",
"membrane",
"fire",
"truck"
] | B | the cell membrane provides support for a cell |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3126 | entomology, biophysics, hearing
$^1$ Bennet-Clark and Young, The Role of the Tymbal in Cicada Sound Production, J. of Experimental Biol. (1995) 198, 1001-1019.
$^{2}$ The frequency of cicadas is variable, mostly on the order of 10kHz but occasionally very low (< 1kHz), mostly due to body size. See this article.
$^3$ ... | [
"sensitive nose",
"soft fur",
"elongated ears",
"long feet"
] | C | long ears are used for releasing heat by a jackrabbit |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3127 | exoplanet, terrestrial-planets
I don't think that the authors are claiming that this is exactly what all the planets are made of, but simply illustrating that at present there do not seem to be any large deviations from such a composition (for example, planets that are made solely of iron).
There are relatively few p... | [
"the stone in the yard",
"a loaf of bread",
"a can of soup",
"a glass of water"
] | A | Earth is made of rock |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3128 | evolution, zoology, adaptation
One answer that came to mind is domestic animals - the horse and dog in prehistory, the cat in ancient Egypt, etc. That seems too obvious on one hand, and on the other hand may not really be an answer, as there seems to be no indication that pre-domestic animals were endangered by humans... | [
"a student living in a townhouse",
"a man who lives in the city",
"a dog who lives in a pound",
"a rabbit who lives in a hole"
] | D | some rabbits live in forests |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3129 | electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current, electrical-resistance, voltage
Title: Why don't we get a shock touching neutral wire? Neutral wire has a V same as ground i.e almost 0. Also it carries some current. So if we touch the wire don't we to become a part of the circuit? Even if we are on the ground and curr... | [
"send sand through the wire",
"send water through the wire",
"send smoke through a town",
"send reactions through the wire"
] | D | sending electricity through a conductor causes electric current to flow through that conductor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3130 | genetics, entomology
Title: Why do ladybugs have a different number of points on their backs Everytime I see a ladybug I ask myself this question.
Why does every ladybug have a different amount of points on its back? Is it because of its age? Or because of its genes? Is it inheritable? The spots on the back of Ladybug... | [
"laying a clutch",
"making a memory",
"making friends",
"seeing the sights"
] | A | a female insect lays eggs during the adult stage of an insect 's life cycle |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3131 | classical-mechanics
the other car hits you and starts compressing your car's crumple zone.
the collision force exceeds your braking force and your car starts accelerating. Your car's crumple zone is still being compressed.
the crumple zone is fully compressed so both cars are now moving at the same speed and your brak... | [
"the sun",
"abrasion",
"plastic tires",
"metal roadways"
] | B | skidding causes friction |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3132 | the-moon, night-sky
And another useful reference at planetarium.madison.k12.wi.us:
At the beginning of Winter, when it's nighttime all of the time, the moon would be in the sky for the 2 weeks closest to Full Moon, and then below the horizon for the next 2 weeks. And at the beginning of Spring (click on the graphic),... | [
"a month",
"a year",
"a week",
"a day"
] | A | a revolution of the moon around the Earth takes 1 month |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3133 | c++, game-of-life, opencv
void nextRound() {
std::vector <std::vector<bool>> ret(this->height, std::vector<bool>(width, false));
for (auto y = 0UL; y < this->cells.size(); y++) {
for (auto x = 0UL; x < this->cells[y].size(); x++) {
int aliveNs = this->aliveNeighbors(x, y);
... | [
"tomato, tomato, tomato, tomato",
"beans, corn, peas, cucumbers",
"beans, beans, beans, beans",
"corn, corn, corn, corn,"
] | B | crop rotation is when different crops are planted on a field in different years |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3134 | species-identification, theoretical-biology, taxonomy, literature, bioluminescence
Title: Looking for the closest example of life forms similar to some mathematical patterns
Caveat: this is my first question here, it is quite interdisciplinary, but I hope to be in the correct place to ask. I am a user of Mathematics ... | [
"a live insect",
"a human",
"a plant",
"a dead butterfly"
] | A | metamorphosis is a stage in the life cycle process of some animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3135 | Note: Before you can calculate how many plants will be required to fill a given area you'll need to first determine the total square feet of the planting bed. Many online calculators use this formula: $$Total\,number\,of\,plants = {Area\,of\,garden \over Plant\,spacing^2}$$. Image Credit: Getty Images Calculating even ... | [
"salted dirt",
"H2O",
"sticky napkins",
"searing heat"
] | B | a plants require water for to grow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3136 | spectroscopy
Title: Why does the tungsten filament in a lightbulb produce a full(ish) spectrum instead of tungsten's emission spectrum? I only roughly understand how a spectroscope works, so that may be part of the problem. I don't understand what is different about what causes the materials to emit light. The light e... | [
"dark",
"toasty",
"cold",
"icy"
] | B | an incandescent light bulb converts electricity into heat by sending electricity through a filament |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3137 | food
Title: Why might food go bad in an oxygen-free environment? I was recently watching a video from the International Space Station (Making a peanut butter sandwich in space), and I noticed he mentioned that a tortilla kept in an oxygen-free environment could last up to 18 months. Impressive, but it got me thinking:... | [
"if it is focused",
"if it is determined",
"if it is working",
"if it has excess chub"
] | D | an animal can survive in an environment with little food by storing fat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3138 | electromagnetism, electricity, experimental-physics, magnetic-fields
Title: A confusion with solenoidal windings I have seen in solenoids, toroids, transformers, electromagnets and machines that the core is pretty insulated. Over this the winding coil is wrapped but it is a bare coil (turns are not insulated to each o... | [
"wood inside, metal inside",
"a random mixture of materials",
"metal inside, metal outside",
"metal inside, other material outside"
] | D | electrical insulation requires wrapping a conductor in an insulator |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3139 | homework-and-exercises, pressure
Title: Necessary air pressure in flexible vessel to lift a certain mass I have the following situation in mind:
A big airtight bag of arbitrary shape with a person standing on it. The bag gets inflated with air to lift the person.
Assuming that the bag is much larger than the persons... | [
"black holes",
"sunblock",
"time travel",
"magic"
] | B | as altitude increases , air pressure will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3140 | humidity, air-pollution
Title: Does usual city pollution have effects on relative humidity? I've noticed that in a rural area with low pollution the relative humidity is constantly lower than the humidity in a high polluted city. Is there any correlation between pollution and humidity? By way of reference, "humidity ... | [
"recycling glass and plastic",
"creating a new use for old glass",
"throwing plastic in the pacific",
"finding a new use for old clothes"
] | C | fertilizers are a source of pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3141 | structures
Title: Siding for Industrial Shed: Rain protection vs Ventilation When building a 12 m tall industrial shed with a peaked roof it is desirable that the sides of the shed should stay open as much as possible for ventilation / safety / access concerns.
On the other hand, an entirely open side from top to bot... | [
"happiness",
"the carpet",
"love",
"Space"
] | B | An example of stormy weather is rain |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3142 | thermodynamics, energy, power
Toyota Corolla, 13 gallon tank, 20% efficiency, 103 kWh usable energy
Tesla Roadster, 56 kWh battery capacity
Chevy Volt, 16 kWh battery capacity
If we compare a liquid Nitrogen car to the Chevy Volt it might not be so bad. But why would we do that? That car can still augment its range... | [
"lawnmowers",
"wind turbines",
"solar power",
"dragsters"
] | D | electricity causes less pollution than gasoline |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3143 | evolution, molecular-biology, molecular-evolution, abiogenesis
The issue isn't actually as clear-cut as it may seem, since there is a very wide unknown space between what we consider the most archaic forms of life, and any entity that could plausibly arise via purely abiotic processes; every theory of abiogenesis does... | [
"cola",
"life material",
"soil",
"sap"
] | B | an organism is a source of organic matter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3144 | climate-change, climatology
Thus, your question is a little misconstrued: we can't answer "Who are the 3%?" because the 3% are research articles rather than people. However, we can ask "Which are the 3% of published research abstracts which do not support the scientific consensus?" And since Cook et al. (2013) is an o... | [
"oil",
"gas",
"fracking",
"windmills"
] | D | wind is a renewable resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3145 | # Thread: Most likely of two examples
1. ## Most likely of two examples
Hi My instructor gave us two examples and posed a question:
We have a fair coin which is more likely?
1. We flip the coin 100 times and see exactly 50 heads.
2. We flip the coin 1000 times and see exactly 500 heads.
Someone in the class said ... | [
"squirrels save nuts when summer is hotter than the current season",
"squirrels never save food",
"squirrels eat when it rains outside only",
"squirrels save nuts when humans make them"
] | A | when available resources decrease in an environment , organisms have to conserve those resources |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3146 | quantum-spin, atoms
The bonds between the atoms are obviously split when the paper is torn, but is there a way to put them back together?
the answer is yes, because this is precisely why paper recycling works. The incoming used paper is washed, to remove ink and other contaminants, and then left to soak in a particul... | [
"demolish",
"heal",
"fall apart",
"be destroyed"
] | B | recycling has a positive impact on the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3147 | radiation
You see similar things happening here. The metal rod at the top of the lamp acts as a capacitive ground - given the very high voltage, a tiny charge will flow from the tip of the filament to the rod. There is a small amount of gas in the tube which is ionized and gives rise to the light you see. The electron... | [
"the bottom hook",
"the energy hole",
"the glass window",
"the solar flares"
] | B | a flashlight requires a source of electricity to produce light |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3148 | human-biology, reproduction
Title: Why are animal births not taken as seriously as human births? When humans give birth, more than often medical assistance is needed. Others gather around and frantically look for any way to help. But when an animal gives birth, it is usually seen as a moment where you give the female ... | [
"it will expire",
"sleep",
"decide to leave",
"it will laugh"
] | A | a mammal usually nurses its offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3149 | • $P_2$ will fly $\big[1-(d+r+y)\big]$ distance away from the airport in the counter-clockwise direction to meet up with $P_3$.
• At this point, $P_2$ will donate $z$ fuel to $P_3$.
• $P_2$ and $P_3$ will then both fly back $z$ distance, arriving at a distance of $1-d-r-y-z$ from the airport with no fuel.
• After refue... | [
"empty",
"smaller",
"the same",
"bigger"
] | B | as distance to an object increases , that object will appear smaller |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3150 | human-anatomy
Taken from here such people would be able to dislocate then get their hands in front and relocate.
The body can be trained to be quite flexible through training like gymnastics etc...
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
If a person is lacking a skeletal system they are | [
"thrilled",
"muscular",
"kind",
"spineless"
] | D | skeletal system is made of bones |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3151 | evolution, zoology, taxonomy, phylogenetics
The apomorphy that defines the tetrapods is "paired limbs". You have Amphibia to the left and Amniota to the right, whose apomorphy is " egg with extraembrionic membranes". Inside them, you have Reptilia, whose apomorphies are "skull with upper and lower fenestra and beta-ke... | [
"blood heating ability",
"egg laying",
"having mouths",
"having tails"
] | A | a mammal is warm-blooded |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3152 | space, vacuum
Title: Effects on a tree exposed to the vacuum of Space My wife's kindergarten class asked, "What would happen to a tree planted on the moon?" Aside from the obvious that it would die from lack of water/air, what physical effects would happen to a tree exposed to the vacuum of Space? This is a question f... | [
"A two hundred pound lion",
"a great white shark",
"a striped tail nut eater",
"a wild female antelope"
] | C | some raccoons live in hollow logs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3153 | electricity, home-experiment
When the streamer edge arrives at oil surface, negatively charged particles (electrons and negative O2 ions) are deposited on the surface, creating a local negatively charged spot. At this particular spot the pressure of oil increases, which from Navier-Stokes equations cause the fluid to ... | [
"insects",
"weather damage",
"abrasion",
"lava"
] | B | erosion of soil has a negative impact on the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3154 | # Express exactly two logically
Let C(x, y) : "x and y have chatted over the Internet"
where the domain for the variables x and y consists of all students in your class.
a ) There are two students in your class who have not chatted with each other over the Internet.
My answer: $\exists x \exists y[(x \not =y) \land... | [
"The earth's strong gravitational pull causes a waxing gibbous to form",
"astrology causes a waxing gibbous to form",
"star maps cause a waxing gibbous to form",
"government satellites cause a waxing gibbous to form"
] | A | the moon orbiting the Earth causes the phases of the moon |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3155 | the-moon, moon-phases
A 95-percent illuminated moon appears half as bright as a full moon
Believe it or not, the moon is half as bright as a full moon about 2.4
days before and after a full moon. Even though about 95 percent of
the moon is illuminated at this time, and to most casual observers it
might still lo... | [
"7 days",
"a month",
"a week",
"168 hours"
] | B | each of the moon 's phases usually occurs once per month |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3156 | entomology, ethology, habitat
Title: Preferred criteria for new bee colony location As a human I want a house with a roof, indoor plumbing, bug free, and make my wife happy. I don't want to drive too far to work, and it has to be well-suited for offspring.
What are the criteria that define a "good spot" for a new loc... | [
"a tree bark",
"a tree trunk",
"a colorful hibiscus",
"a green leaf"
] | C | nectar is used for attracting pollinators by plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3157 | newtonian-mechanics, conservation-laws
So generally the plate will move : it could translate and also rotate. Constraining forces (and torques) would be needed to keep it in place. If it is released it will move.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
which of these need to be present for... | [
"a pool of molten lava",
"an ocean with fish",
"a river flowing north",
"a crack in the core"
] | D | a tectonic plate moves along a fault line |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3158 | newtonian-mechanics, forces, classical-mechanics, free-body-diagram
Title: If an object would be too tough to puncture while static, is it possible to pierce it while holding still and having it move toward you? In The Lord of the Rings it is claimed that no man has the strength to pierce the skin of the giant spider ... | [
"play music",
"eat",
"fly",
"watch TV"
] | B | a spider web is used to capture food by spiders |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3159 | solar-eclipse
Title: Can you test solar eclipse glasses with a remote control? By putting solar eclipse glasses directly between a remote control IR emitter and device receiver, could some unsafe glasses be detected? My guess is most fake glasses are just blocking visible light at best, while safe ones should block th... | [
"nothing",
"telescope",
"Plain old sunglasses",
"a box"
] | D | looking directly at an eclipse of the Sun causes harm to the eyes |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3160 | soft-question, education
Title: Educational physics stories with a funny punchline As a physicist, when I'm giving lectures or during colloquiums, I usually find it necessary to have some appropriate and related jokes in hand. All of the best teachers have some, and they use them when they have to; so I think that it ... | [
"to side with the foxes",
"to be made into chicken of the sea tuna fish",
"their habitat was flooded",
"because they crossed an evil sorcerer"
] | C | if a habitat can no longer support animals then those animals will move to another area |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3161 | everyday-chemistry, acid-base
Edit:
I would like to add a few details.
Assume that the acid is not concentrated but of suitable molarity to just cut the paper. I mean, to pierce through it and burning its edges to just make a nice cut. Like a glowing incense stick makes when made to touch a paper.
Also, the nip of the... | [
"the object will decrease in size",
"the object will become liquid",
"the object will increase in size",
"the object will change color"
] | A | scraping an object may cause small particles to break off of that object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3162 | climate-change, climate
In this case, as it is an area that it is almost constantly cloudy with high humidity, temperature is varying just a little bit, and except the first day of the period, it seems that there is no relationship. In fact, on the second day there was a storm (I am living now at Singapore) and it is ... | [
"delogging",
"human campers",
"rabbit mating",
"pet hamsters"
] | A | climate is the usual kind of weather in a location |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3163 | geophysics, data-formats, informatics
Title: What are the fields in Petrel's IESX seismic horizon file? I have a text file containing 23 seismic horizons from Petrel, Schlumberger's seismic earth interpretation and modelling tool, using the 2D IESX format. Here are the first few rows:
PROFILE Fault to seafloor TYPE... | [
"oil pumps",
"nuclear fission",
"biological created fuel",
"solar energy"
] | C | offshore oil platforms might cause oil to leak into the water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3164 | zoology, sensation
Title: Can animals that rely heavily on sonar sense colour? Apparently there're species around as rely heavily on sonar to sense the world around them.
E.g. Bat, Dolphin, Whale ...
The humans, and other terrestrial beings in a lighted world are capable of distinguishing colour in varying degrees of... | [
"smell",
"vision",
"sight",
"screeching"
] | D | echolocation is when some animals detect objects by hearing echoes by emitting sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3165 | php, mysql, symfony2, doctrine, symfony3
Title: Model database for contract renewal I have made a contract renewal system in Symfony and Doctrine, and it works, but I think it can be improved, but I make too many requests to the database.
These are my models:
Contract
------------
id
reference
....
ContractRenewal
cl... | [
"plastics",
"leather",
"coal",
"diesel"
] | B | a renewable resource can be renewed |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3166 | botany, reproduction
Most new commercial tomatoes, including new garden tomatoes, are F1 hybrids. The seeds you plant in the field are the result of crossing two parents, as described above. (...) Garden catalogs will tell you whether the seed you are buying is hybrid. If you are getting your fruits from the store, yo... | [
"the seed came from a cucumber",
"the seed came from something red",
"the seed came from a tree",
"the seed came from a bird"
] | B | the type of seed of a plant is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3167 | electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current
I was wearing flip flops from the time I stripped off my neoprene wet suit at the car until the time I started getting shocked (my wife was wearing Birkenstocks).
I had been snorkeling for about an hour in the Pacific Ocean wearing a full body wet-suit, booties, and gl... | [
"it is brick",
"it was warmed",
"it is froze",
"it is oak"
] | B | melting means changing from a solid into a liquid by adding heat energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3168 | human-biology, metabolism, toxicology
Title: How does the human body metabolize gasoline? A Chinese man has been drinking gasoline to relieve his pain for 25 years. How does the human body metabolize gasoline? Also, what are the side-affects to gasoline? Just to add an answer to the 'how does the body process gasolin... | [
"bacteria",
"organs",
"blood",
"skin"
] | A | the kidney removes byproducts from the blood |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3169 | newtonian-mechanics, reference-frames, rotational-dynamics, torque
Motor ratings by the manufacturer are merely there to allow you to compare one motor to the next when purchasing them - they are nameplate ratings. I suggest that you not even think for a minute that your motor will always output 40 KGf.CM under all c... | [
"an aluminum coated barometer",
"a metal wind vane",
"a mercury filled thermometer",
"a cylinder with standardized markings"
] | D | a graduated cylinder is a kind of instrument for measuring volume of liquids or objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3170 | visible-light, vision
Title: Explanation about black color, and hence color I'm bit confused about 'black' as a color. As per my knowledge, it is not given in visible color spectra like other colors for example red, violet etc. Also I'm confused with definition of color--does it mean the reflection of respective wavel... | [
"have someone describe it",
"fill out a form",
"are out of luck",
"make a best guess"
] | A | the color of an object can be discovered by looking at that object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3171 | wasps
Title: Can wasps see under moonlight? It appears that the best time to attack a wasp nest is in the middle of the night. Their venom might terrorize us (my five-day old sting remains swollen and is starting to have red bumps in an area the size of a tennis ball), but at least our eyesight is superior. If we atta... | [
"they wander around aimlessly lost",
"they bounce their screams off of things",
"they ask someone where to go",
"they see with their eyes"
] | B | sonar is used to find the location of an object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3172 | acoustics
It has a lot of mass, too.
If you were to persuade your elephant to lean on a resonant wall, it would damp the wall to some extent, depending on how hard it squished itself against it. It would be acting like the world's biggest lump of rockwool or neoprene rubber. It wouldn't really be fabulously efficient ... | [
"match his fur color",
"have a warm climate",
"be dark and humid",
"be green and leafy"
] | A | a polar bear requires a cold environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3173 | The credits of this should go to @rchilton1980. I only want to validate the hypothesis of dispersion as the result of the response of a spike to the finite difference operator.
$$\bf{ Basic \; Theory: }$$
Physical dispersion accounts for the phenomena of waves moving in a way that different frequencies or wavenumbers ... | [
"Playing outside all alone",
"Running around with my hands in the air.",
"giving out an even amount of Fruit Loops to each of my classmates",
"Taking all the Fruit Loops to myself"
] | C | a disperser disperses |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3174 | thermodynamics, electricity, dissipation, thermoelectricity
Title: Can a Peltier/Seebeck cell transfer energy from a "thermally insulated" system converting (a part of) thermal energy into electrical energy? Suppose you have a closed system, as per the schema attached below, which walls are thermally insulated.
Suppos... | [
"warmness",
"light",
"energy",
"liquid"
] | A | a thermal insulator slows the transfer of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3175 | There is absolutely nothing that prevents the production of a board that is 4in wide; and even if there was, there would be nothing preventing the lumber yard from calling boards that are 3.5in wide '3.5 inch boards'.
The reason why they don't is tradition - it's a hangover from the guild system, wherein the 'mysterie... | [
"deep sea divers",
"liberal art majors",
"sawyers",
"astronauts"
] | C | timber companies cut down trees |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3176 | human-anatomy, respiration, health
Is perpetual liquid breathing possible? ...And healthy?
So this is where we stand with the case studies; mice can breath liquids indefinitely and stay in good health, rabbits with ARDS survive where breathable gas would not help, and there is a contingency in the biomedical communit... | [
"watch some grass grow",
"breathe on a tissue",
"hold in a sneeze",
"look at paint dry"
] | B | breath contains water vapor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3177 | audio, filter-design, noise, denoising
I did a quick dirty hack on that and found it sounded already a lot better (although certainly not clean either). Below is a picture that shows the first pulse before and after.
That's work in progress and there are certainly ways to refine this further.
The following is multipl... | [
"tap a chopstick on a pillow",
"stand completely and utterly still",
"hold in a fart",
"remain completely and utterly silent"
] | A | matter vibrating can cause sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3178 | physiology
Title: Why does dehydration lead to low blood pressure I understand that the two leading causes of death from dehydration is imbalance in electrolytes and loss of blood pressure. I'm trying to understand what role water is playing in these cases and how the loss of it causes these imbalances, focusing for n... | [
"cracking open peyote",
"staring at sand",
"eating a pebble",
"licking a rock"
] | A | a cactus stem is used for storing water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3179 | optics, water, evaporation, gas
Title: How are water vapors not visible? This site says that water vapor isn't visible.
However, take a look at this picture:
Isn't that water vapor? Water vapour is a clear and colourless gas, so it can't be seen by the naked eye.
What you see in the photo in your second link is (pa... | [
"this is called heat and it is unsafe to drive in",
"this is called fog and it is safe to drive in",
"this is called heat and is safe to drive in",
"this is called fog and is unsafe to drive in"
] | D | fog is formed by water vapor condensing in the air |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3180 | environmental-chemistry, iron
Title: How is there still iron on earth? Iron rusts and the earth is pretty old, so how is it that there is still iron left that has not oxidized(/rusted)?
I tried looking it up, and the amount of iron on earth is mind boggling, but is that it?
Is there simply enough iron that not all of ... | [
"rocky areas",
"ants",
"wizards",
"unicorns"
] | A | rocks sometimes contain iron |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3181 | infection, amphibians
Title: What is this toad suffering from? Myiasis or chytridiomycosis? I found this toad on Aug. 29th at this location: position on osm
I think it is a bufo bufo, approx. 10 cm long. The nostrils seemed to be completely filled with a grey matter and from the activity of the floor of the mouth it ... | [
"meal worms",
"deer",
"steak",
"wax"
] | A | a frog eats insects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3182 | electromagnetism, experimental-physics, kinematics, magnetic-fields
Title: What is quartz, and how does it work in watch and electronic circuits? How does it helps in watch and electronic circuit broad?
Is there any material to refer? Quartz is silicon dioxide (SiO2); the crystal form called 'alpha-quartz'
is a hexago... | [
"magic producer",
"power source",
"deodorant",
"hexagon"
] | D | a quartz is made of six-sided transparent crystals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3183 | botany, reproduction
Most new commercial tomatoes, including new garden tomatoes, are F1 hybrids. The seeds you plant in the field are the result of crossing two parents, as described above. (...) Garden catalogs will tell you whether the seed you are buying is hybrid. If you are getting your fruits from the store, yo... | [
"clean up dirt",
"make dirt healthier",
"remove dirt molecules",
"make dirt green"
] | B | crop rotation has a positive impact on soil quality |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3184 | Tourist Places In Coimbatore Near Gandhipuram, Sunrunner Pembroke Welsh Corgis, Where Is Serana In Fort Dawnguard, Hello Etch A Sketch Font, Monkey King Characters, Adam Bradley Amazon,
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Where is the best place to shoot animals? | [
"national park",
"sky",
"sea",
"forest"
] | D | national parks limit hunting |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3185 | special-relativity, visible-light, speed-of-light, aether
One consequence of a finite $c$ is that it stops a causal chain of events spread throughout space from happenning all at once. An infinite $c$ would mean that events here on Earth could provoke other events instantly in the middle of M87, and this is not what i... | [
"a very sunny day",
"a very beautiful day",
"a very bright day",
"a day with a blizzard"
] | D | snowy means a large amount of snow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3186 | meteorology, climate-change, gas, pollution
If you are interested in Greenhouse Gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, CFCs, nitrous oxide), the EPA has a separate site for those emissions since they are not part of the same regulatory framework http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/ . Greenhouse gases typical... | [
"singing",
"nothing",
"walking",
"falling ill"
] | D | illness has a negative impact on an organism 's health |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3187 | zoology, ecology, species-distribution, migration
Title: How do animals end up in remote areas? I was thinking specifically about random marshy water holes on farmers fields. It seems that you can visit just about any one of these and you will find frogs if you look hard enough.
They usually don't seem to be connected... | [
"under the deep sea",
"up into the sky",
"deep into the earth",
"artificial habitats in captivity"
] | D | some animals live in zoo exhibits |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3188 | botany, microbiology, terminology, etymology
Title: Rhizosphere vs. Endorhiza? In relation to microbiology and the naming of the various areas of the plant as it relates to microbial inhabitance, I am confused as to the difference between the terms endorhiza and rhizosphere.
In this case I see rhizosphere referred sim... | [
"a form of webbing",
"Velcro with extra grip",
"the same as an american television miniseries about slavery",
"large anchors made of metal"
] | C | roots anchor plants into the soil |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3189 | human-biology, reproduction, human-anatomy, temperature
Title: Scrotal temperature and vascularization The testes (at least in human males) are vascular organs, the vascularization extending even o the interstitial spaces of the seminiferous tubules. The function of the scrotal sac, is to isolate the testes from the a... | [
"in horny toads",
"in rats",
"in humans",
"in bears"
] | A | a reptile is cold-blooded |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3190 | newtonian-mechanics, energy-conservation, friction, everyday-life, physical-chemistry
Title: Conservation of energy when we drive a car When we drive a car, we use gasoline as the source of energy. When we arrive at the destination, we lose some of the gasoline, used to move the car from one point to another. Then how... | [
"dino remains",
"water power",
"solar power",
"electricity"
] | A | natural gas is a nonrenewable resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3191 | zoology, ethology, behaviour, psychology, death
I can't prove it to you, but I know that my Beagle had a rich emotional life. I know this because I spent huge amounts of time with him. He was a close friend of mine. I would just as soon question whether my wife has real emotions as my dog. I can't prove that my wife's... | [
"fly away",
"start talking",
"get acclimated",
"tell jokes"
] | C | animals adapt to their environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3192 | human-anatomy
Taken from here such people would be able to dislocate then get their hands in front and relocate.
The body can be trained to be quite flexible through training like gymnastics etc...
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
If a person is making laps around a gym, they find t... | [
"they are about to be born",
"they are gaining weight",
"their heart starts racing",
"they are getting fatter"
] | C | as energy required for an activity increases , pulse will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3193 | rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth
Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up.
The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm... | [
"monkeys carved the footprints into the rock",
"the rock is made of soft mud",
"a very heavy bird was walking on the rock",
"the substance that was walked in became hard after a very long time"
] | D | An example of a fossil is a footprint in a rock |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3194 | botany, terminology, fruit
Title: What is the name of this part in plants, fruits, vegetables? What is the name of this part of the plant, fruit, vegetable? The thing that the plant is connected with the tree and gets nutrients with? The part we usually cut out when eat fruit.
Examples below
Papaya
Banana
Mango 'Sta... | [
"wood",
"plant diagrams",
"green life",
"housing"
] | C | plants are the source of fruit |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3195 | combustion, temperature, fuel
Of course a lot of other factors are involved but this crude picture gives at least some useful insight. This was discovered experimentally in the early days of engine design as the designers observed that different extracts from oil had different combustion properties in engines and refi... | [
"homo sapiens",
"air",
"soil",
"brontosaurus"
] | D | fossil fuels are formed by dead organisms over time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3196 | mechanical-engineering
Title: How to Make an Object Able to be Screwed In/Out With a Sideways Knob I am trying to make a device that can go up or down a screw by twisting a knob, kind of like a wing nut, but the wing would be sideways (I suppose). To clarify what I mean by this, please see a simplified version in a di... | [
"a glass of cool water",
"a person adjusting it",
"a truck to move it",
"a wind turbine to function"
] | B | a simple machine requires mechanical energy to function |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3197 | acoustics
Title: Amplified Sound in another room I was sitting in my room with my door open, because I have a cooler in my room that has a lot of noise when turned on. I was watching a video on my phone, but because of the noise from the cooler, I couldnt hear it and I had to increase the volume. However, my brother c... | [
"atmosphere",
"vacuum",
"oxygen",
"air"
] | B | air is a vehicle for sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3198 | electromagnetism, electricity, energy-conservation, perpetual-motion
Title: Auto spinning turbine generator This might be dumb question but I'm so curious to know if this actually works or is impossible. I was researching how you could generate electricity from magnets and copper wire and also have read how the hydroe... | [
"unpolluted",
"candy",
"Grapes",
"dirty"
] | A | a windmill does not create pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3199 | botany
Title: Do plants absorb toxins from the soil? Consider a plant like Aloe Vera that grows up in a toxic environment where the concentration of pesticides, and materials like lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic etc is very high(e.g. Marshland dumping yard ). Would that mean that the extract from these plants would co... | [
"it will need darkness",
"it will be too dark",
"it will receive nutriment",
"it will now suffocate"
] | C | if something is outside during the day then that something will receive sunlight |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3200 | genetics
Additional response added as requested:
I see what you are getting at - why do children seem like such individual and unique things sometimes?
In sexual reproduction, the offspring are the product of the shuffling of the parent's genomes through meiosis, where the pairs of chromosomes we have are combined to ... | [
"time travel",
"a personality",
"magical powers",
"hairline"
] | D | living things can all reproduce |
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