|
--- |
|
annotations_creators: |
|
- crowdsourced |
|
language_creators: |
|
- crowdsourced |
|
language: |
|
- en |
|
license: |
|
- cc-by-sa-4.0 |
|
multilinguality: |
|
- monolingual |
|
size_categories: |
|
- 100K<n<1M |
|
source_datasets: |
|
- original |
|
task_categories: |
|
- question-answering |
|
task_ids: |
|
- open-domain-qa |
|
- extractive-qa |
|
paperswithcode_id: squad |
|
pretty_name: SQuAD2.0 |
|
dataset_info: |
|
config_name: squad_v2 |
|
features: |
|
- name: id |
|
dtype: string |
|
- name: title |
|
dtype: string |
|
- name: context |
|
dtype: string |
|
- name: question |
|
dtype: string |
|
- name: answers |
|
sequence: |
|
- name: text |
|
dtype: string |
|
- name: answer_start |
|
dtype: int32 |
|
splits: |
|
- name: train |
|
num_bytes: 116732025 |
|
num_examples: 130319 |
|
- name: validation |
|
num_bytes: 11661091 |
|
num_examples: 11873 |
|
download_size: 17720493 |
|
dataset_size: 128393116 |
|
configs: |
|
- config_name: squad_v2 |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: squad_v2/train-* |
|
- split: validation |
|
path: squad_v2/validation-* |
|
default: true |
|
train-eval-index: |
|
- config: squad_v2 |
|
task: question-answering |
|
task_id: extractive_question_answering |
|
splits: |
|
train_split: train |
|
eval_split: validation |
|
col_mapping: |
|
question: question |
|
context: context |
|
answers: |
|
text: text |
|
answer_start: answer_start |
|
metrics: |
|
- type: squad_v2 |
|
name: SQuAD v2 |
|
--- |
|
|
|
# Dataset Card for SQuAD 2.0 |
|
|
|
## Table of Contents |
|
- [Dataset Card for "squad_v2"](#dataset-card-for-squad_v2) |
|
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents) |
|
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description) |
|
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary) |
|
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards) |
|
- [Languages](#languages) |
|
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure) |
|
- [Data Instances](#data-instances) |
|
- [squad_v2](#squad_v2) |
|
- [Data Fields](#data-fields) |
|
- [squad_v2](#squad_v2-1) |
|
- [Data Splits](#data-splits) |
|
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation) |
|
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale) |
|
- [Source Data](#source-data) |
|
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization) |
|
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers) |
|
- [Annotations](#annotations) |
|
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process) |
|
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators) |
|
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information) |
|
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data) |
|
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset) |
|
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases) |
|
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations) |
|
- [Additional Information](#additional-information) |
|
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators) |
|
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information) |
|
- [Citation Information](#citation-information) |
|
- [Contributions](#contributions) |
|
|
|
## Dataset Description |
|
|
|
- **Homepage:** https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/ |
|
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03822 |
|
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
### Dataset Summary |
|
|
|
Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) is a reading comprehension dataset, consisting of questions posed by crowdworkers on a set of Wikipedia articles, where the answer to every question is a segment of text, or span, from the corresponding reading passage, or the question might be unanswerable. |
|
|
|
SQuAD 2.0 combines the 100,000 questions in SQuAD1.1 with over 50,000 unanswerable questions written adversarially by crowdworkers |
|
to look similar to answerable ones. To do well on SQuAD2.0, systems must not only answer questions when possible, but |
|
also determine when no answer is supported by the paragraph and abstain from answering. |
|
|
|
### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards |
|
|
|
Question Answering. |
|
|
|
### Languages |
|
|
|
English (`en`). |
|
|
|
## Dataset Structure |
|
|
|
### Data Instances |
|
|
|
#### squad_v2 |
|
|
|
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 46.49 MB |
|
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 128.52 MB |
|
- **Total amount of disk used:** 175.02 MB |
|
|
|
An example of 'validation' looks as follows. |
|
``` |
|
This example was too long and was cropped: |
|
|
|
{ |
|
"answers": { |
|
"answer_start": [94, 87, 94, 94], |
|
"text": ["10th and 11th centuries", "in the 10th and 11th centuries", "10th and 11th centuries", "10th and 11th centuries"] |
|
}, |
|
"context": "\"The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave thei...", |
|
"id": "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629", |
|
"question": "When were the Normans in Normandy?", |
|
"title": "Normans" |
|
} |
|
``` |
|
|
|
### Data Fields |
|
|
|
The data fields are the same among all splits. |
|
|
|
#### squad_v2 |
|
- `id`: a `string` feature. |
|
- `title`: a `string` feature. |
|
- `context`: a `string` feature. |
|
- `question`: a `string` feature. |
|
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing: |
|
- `text`: a `string` feature. |
|
- `answer_start`: a `int32` feature. |
|
|
|
### Data Splits |
|
|
|
| name | train | validation | |
|
| -------- | -----: | ---------: | |
|
| squad_v2 | 130319 | 11873 | |
|
|
|
## Dataset Creation |
|
|
|
### Curation Rationale |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
### Source Data |
|
|
|
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
#### Who are the source language producers? |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
### Annotations |
|
|
|
#### Annotation process |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
#### Who are the annotators? |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
### Personal and Sensitive Information |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
## Considerations for Using the Data |
|
|
|
### Social Impact of Dataset |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
### Discussion of Biases |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
### Other Known Limitations |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
## Additional Information |
|
|
|
### Dataset Curators |
|
|
|
[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards) |
|
|
|
### Licensing Information |
|
|
|
The dataset is distributed under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license. |
|
|
|
### Citation Information |
|
|
|
``` |
|
@inproceedings{rajpurkar-etal-2018-know, |
|
title = "Know What You Don{'}t Know: Unanswerable Questions for {SQ}u{AD}", |
|
author = "Rajpurkar, Pranav and |
|
Jia, Robin and |
|
Liang, Percy", |
|
editor = "Gurevych, Iryna and |
|
Miyao, Yusuke", |
|
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)", |
|
month = jul, |
|
year = "2018", |
|
address = "Melbourne, Australia", |
|
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", |
|
url = "https://aclanthology.org/P18-2124", |
|
doi = "10.18653/v1/P18-2124", |
|
pages = "784--789", |
|
eprint={1806.03822}, |
|
archivePrefix={arXiv}, |
|
primaryClass={cs.CL} |
|
} |
|
@inproceedings{rajpurkar-etal-2016-squad, |
|
title = "{SQ}u{AD}: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text", |
|
author = "Rajpurkar, Pranav and |
|
Zhang, Jian and |
|
Lopyrev, Konstantin and |
|
Liang, Percy", |
|
editor = "Su, Jian and |
|
Duh, Kevin and |
|
Carreras, Xavier", |
|
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", |
|
month = nov, |
|
year = "2016", |
|
address = "Austin, Texas", |
|
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", |
|
url = "https://aclanthology.org/D16-1264", |
|
doi = "10.18653/v1/D16-1264", |
|
pages = "2383--2392", |
|
eprint={1606.05250}, |
|
archivePrefix={arXiv}, |
|
primaryClass={cs.CL}, |
|
} |
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
### Contributions |
|
|
|
Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset. |
