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“Living in a Dumpster”: Main Idea, Reflection, and Impact Essay The article’s thesis statement is supported by the further reading authors investigating the case of a strange change in Professor Wilson’s lifestyle. Indeed, the reasoning behind such a decision was complex, and it includes elements of achieving maximum sustainability in the tiniest space possible. In addition, the article mentions that he shares his experiences during the nights when his ecology-focused students are invited to stay in the dumpster with him. The article caught my attention with a few details. First of all, the scenario where a respected scholar lives in the dumpster reminded me of an Ancient Greek philosopher Diogenes who lived in the barrel. Hence, it was interesting to investigate the topic and find if there are any similarities between the two. Furthermore, giving personal details and the personal background of the divorced professor added a bit of psychological interest to it. I wondered if the divorce affects men so severely that they are ready for such a downshift. But these are all subconscious thoughts and triggers. The visuals in the article were crucial to me because I felt a little tired when I started reading. Hence, being able to scroll down and see the pictures of the dumpster, pictures of day-to-day activities, and the interior of the dumpster was a way of relaxing and thinking about the subject. After looking at pictures, I had some questions; therefore, I had a personal interest in reading the article to find the answers. Honestly, the interior of the dumpster does not look that bad, and the best thing is that Wilson is able to lay there comfortably. Therefore, personally, living in a dumpster is an option for times when I feel like I need to be alone. But lack of commodities associated with the home kitchen and bathroom is why I could not choose the dumpster as a place of my permanent residence.

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Lookism and Extreme Body Modification Essay Both lookism and extreme body modification are inherently linked to unhealthy and unrealistic beauty standards of modern society. This trait aside, however, the two are very different in its manifestations and direct consequences. Lookism is merely the act of considering someone whose appearance is not what most people would regard to be beautiful. It focuses on exhibiting negative judgement to people that do not fit the standard and is thus oriented outside of the person who engages in it. Extreme body modification is the act of changing one’s body in order to look in a way that deviates from the norms that society sets on appearance (Good, 2016). To contrast these two, one does not look pleasing in appearance, while the other intentionally marks oneself in ways that others would perceive as deviances or outside of societal standards. The differences between the two stem from their external or internal angles, despite both being related to the dissatisfaction with appearance. It is likely that a person who engages in lookism is deeply insecure about their own beauty, and thus takes a judgemental stance towards the beauty of others. Obsessiveness over other peoples’ features or grooming habits generally signals a very unhealthy relationship with self-image, despite being less visible than bodily modifications (Good, 2016). Meanwhile, said modifications can happen both by a person’s own accord, and as an act of social pressure or custom. An example of the latter would be an ancient Chinese tradition of binding female feet to make them small and rose-like in their shape. More often then not, the expectations of extreme bodily modifications are placed on women, who are expected to conform to them in certain cultures to uphold their respectability and perceived marital value. Reference Goode, E. (2016). Deviant Behavior (11th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

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Loud Commercials: The CALM Act of 2012 and Its Purpose Essay The CALM Act of 2012 was designed by Anna Eshoo to set a limit on the allowed volume of a commercial advertisement on television. According to the legend, the idea of the Act originated when the Congresswoman was interrupted by a loud TV commercial during the family dinner. After the CALM Act of 2012 was enforced, the number of complaints began to gradually decrease, however it never ended. This is because the law was not perfect, and there were ways to bypass the loudness limitation while still airing a loud commercial. With the COVID-19 pandemic, people began to spend more time watching TV, and the number of complaints increased by 140 percent, which is evidence of the Act’s mixed results (Yang et al., 2021). Most of it is attributed to the alternative ways of saturating the sound of the audio track, such as compressing, which makes the quiet frequencies louder without increasing the overall level of loudness of the mix. Reference Yang, J., Xie, Y., Krishnamurthi, L., & Papatla, P. (2021). Express: High-energy ad content: A large-scale investigation of TV commercials. Journal of Marketing Research , Web.

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Love as a Multi-Faceted Concept Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The information available about love 3. Different types of love 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Love is perceived as the most beautiful experience globally, and whoever finds it has the prerequisite for happiness. Notably, many religious beliefs have set love as the premise of most of their doctrines. Philosophers of ancient times expressed love as an antidote for most social problems. However, the mention of the word love leaves minds focused on the relationship between men and women who come together courtesy of sexual attraction or desires. Despite being associated with most incidences of happiness and pleasure, love is also described as selfish and possessive, which can jeopardize a person’s quality of life. Love is an idea whose manifestation can significantly impact a person’s life. Numerous questions linger in many when it comes to the concept of love because of the multiple facets it represents. Love can only be appreciated when a person understands the different types of love and their corresponding characteristics before exploring any of the categories of love. The information available about love The concept of love is manifested primarily in couples, and the magnitude of love is expressed by the lover’s sacrifices for each other. Shakespeare writing about Romeo and Juliet is an expression of the power of love. When a couple is deeply in love, their lives depend on the love. For instance, when Romeo thought Juliet was dead, he drank poison. However, Juliet was not dead and would get up moments later. She later woke up from “death” only to find that her man was no more, and she also killed herself using a sword (Shakespeare 350). Love can bring the highest levels of joy or the saddest moment in a person’s life. Monogamous relationships are clear manifestations of true love. Some animals, such as owls, wolves, and horses, have monogamous relationships to express their affection for one another (Marsh and Michael 63). Due to the highest number of conflicts related to love, it is paramount to learn more about the different types of love and how each can be maintained or utilized. Investigating the characteristics of the various facets of love is critical in identifying the causes of conflicts and steps to mitigate them. Different types of love Holm-Hadulla et al. (2021) study revealed four different types of love with distinct characteristics. Agape love is the purest form of unconditional love, and Christians believe that the love of God towards humankind is agape. This kind of love has no conditions guiding it, and God loves the people whether they deserve the love or not. The significant feature of agape love is that it is sacrificial, unconditional, unrestricted, and everlasting, and humankind can access it. Storge love is the parent’s love towards their children and is the second in the love ranks. However, parental love is more substantial than the other types of love but less than unconditional love agape. Storge’s love is nurtured by respect and responsibility (Holm-Hadulla et al. 745). A parent must take care of his child while the child must respect and be submissive to their parents for love to flourish. Erotic love is the third type of love expressed in movies, books, and billboards. Love involves two people who are sexually attracted to one another and have mutual feelings for each other. It is the primary reason people wed and started life as a married couple. Erotic love is the pillar of most weddings. Still, one characteristic of erotic love is that it is highly conditional and failure to adhere to the condition leads to conflicts and divorce in the discourse. The couple must understand each other’s feelings and strive to make them happy. Being in love is an implied contract for caring for others and being honest with them. It is easier to maintain erotic love if the lovers understand each other and adapt to fit into each other’s personalities. Philia love is the love among equals such as siblings and friends, which is highly built on the principle of reciprocity. Siblings care for each other in times of happiness and sorrow by being available. An example of philia love is expressed when friends visit others in hospitals to share their grief. Philia is needed to improve friends’ relationships and make the world better (Holm-Hadulla et al., 739). Conclusion The concept of love is often misunderstood, and people pay more attention to only one type of love. Whereas many people focus on erotic love, other types of love have distinct features. Most of the conflicts experienced in erotic love result from failure to apprehend that the love category is highly conditional, and each of the conditions must be fulfilled for the partners to enjoy joy, happiness, and peace. Unlike agape, which is unconditional and thrives without predetermined conditions, a lover who fails to meet a partner’s expectations is likely to cause conflicts. Though love language may differ from one couple to another, the number of divorce and marriage conflicts can be reduced if the lovers understand each other’s love language/expectations and act accordingly. Works Cited Holm-Hadulla, Rainer Matthias, and Alexander Nicolai Wendt. “Cosmopolitan Love: The Actuality of Goethe’s Passions.” International Handbook of Love . Springer, Cham, 2021, pp. 735-748. Marsh, Michael N. “Evolving Man, Evolving Social Animal.” Sensing the Divine . Springer, Cham, 2021, pp. 51-61. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet . Yale University Press, 2008, pp. 349-401.

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Loyalty Ladder: Online Brand Analysis Essay Customer loyalty is a positive perception of the company and its products. The loyalty ladder is the structural model that implies the different levels of customer engagement in the selling process of a company’s products (Gerami & Vahid Yazdanian, 2018). Usually, the researchers define five levels of customer loyalty: suspects, prospects, customers, clients, and advocates (Gerami & Vahid Yazdanian, 2018). The loyalty ladder is an efficient tool to establish long-term relationships with clients. Different companies apply various marketing strategies to move customers from one level of the ladder to another. A loyal customer predominantly buys goods and services from only one brand, not paying attention to its competitors’ offers. Such a customer is the main driving force of the business, in the long run, helping to build a positive image of the company and advertising it for free in his inner circle. Therefore, creating a loyal customer base and assessing customer loyalty is a top priority for a company that plans to remain in demand on the market for a long time. In today’s e-business, the loyalty ladder is exceptionally vital in attracting customers online. The e-marketing strategies allow more advanced methods to build efficient loyalty programs. For the analysis of the practical appliance of the loyalty ladder, two brands of organic cosmetics were chosen: Pacifica and Annmarie. Both retailers provide online opportunities and loyalty programs for customers. Considering their activities from the perspective of customer loyalty, the brands’ programs aim at different ladder levels. The first online brand, Pacifica, offers a digital gift card ( Digital gift card , n.d.). A gift card of over 50 dollars in total is beneficial for the customers due to the random gift of over 75 dollars ( Digital gift card , n.d.). Thus, the card attracts new customers and benefits the current clients. Moreover, the cards have a thematic design relevant to many celebrations. The marketing strategy used by the brand aims at the recurrent buying of the customers. The program addresses the prospect’s and clients’ levels from the loyalty ladder perspective. However, it fails to establish the advocates’ relationships with the clients. Considering the variability of the brand, which can be found online, the strategy is poor in terms of long-time loyalty. The customer is not directly involved in the brand. Thereby, the chances of choosing other brands are higher. Though considering the mentioned ladder levels, the program is successful. The second example relevant to the analysis is Annmarie cosmetics. The company created the Wild & Beautiful Collective loyalty program to move the customer from the client’s level to the advocates ( Join the Wild & Beautiful Collective , n. d.). The community created for regular customers allows the company to develop its brand by providing discounts and point programs. The constant contact with other clients and creators of the brand empowers the higher level of engagement. As a result, clients are more focused on one brand, which minimizes the risk of competitors’ victory. This approach is highly relevant for e-commerce, enhancing loyalty. The program is beneficial for both the brand and customers due to paid subscriptions and various privileges. However, Annmarie’s strategy fails at the level of attracting new customers. Even though the profound base of loyal customers and advocates is established, broadening the brand’s potential is also vital for future development. Therefore, both brands provide loyalty programs based on their current needs. They succeed on one level while failing at another. Addressing all the levels of the ladder would be the perfect strategy for both retailers. However, brands promote programs relevant to the current budget and opportunities. Annmarie’s approach is more efficient from a long-term perspective. The Pacifica’s one is beneficial in terms of broadening the client base. References Digital gift card. (n.d.). Pacifica. Web. Gerami, M., & Yazdania, V. (2022). Customer loyalty and electronic loyalty . 5th International conference on Information Technology, computer and Telecommunication Technology of Iran, 1 , 1–5. Web. Join the Wild & Beautiful Collective. (n.d.). Annmarie. Web.

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Machiavelli’s and Hobbes’ Views on Politics and Human Nature Essay The Prince, written by Nicholas Machiavelli, is an important contribution to the modern concept of politics. In a sense, this work contradicts the philosophical tradition of ancient political thought in which political practice is overshadowed by the idealization of governments and utopian cities. On the contrary, in Prince, Machiavelli (2014) establishes that the real implementation of politics implies real situations with real people whose behavior, decisions and actions usually are not necessarily moral. The main theme of “The Prince” by Machiavelli is monarchical rule and survival. This work was regarded as a guide for politicians on the use of ruthless, self-serving cunning and inspired the term “Machiavellian”. Machiavelli (2014) discusses in detail how a ruler should act in various situations or circumstances and establishes that the main goal of politics is the successful retention of power. The book had a lasting effect on political thought since in it, Machiavelli opposed the traditional attitude to politics that serves the people to a benign self-interest, where the ruler is self-centered and focused on his goals. The book justifies any means as long as they help the governor to achieve his aims. According to Hobbes, people are egoistic, greedy, and seek personal gain. Egoism is declared to be the main incentive of human activity. But Hobbes does not condemn people for their selfish inclinations, does not believe that they are evil by nature. Many people find Hobbes’ view cynical as it is too simplified and not all actions can be explained by egoism. For example, there are a lot of people and charity organizations that donate their money and time for free without any personal gain. As for me, I find human nature infinitely more complex than power-seeking individuals described in Hobbes’s work. Reference Machiavelli, N. (2014). The prince and other writings . Simon and Schuster.

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Macomb Community College’s Organizational Culture Essay Levels of culture can be displayed in different planes and depths. According to Edgar Shein, who developed the concept ‘levels of organizational culture,’ and Edward Granter who later expanded on this concept, the culture of the entity can be seen in four levels: super-structural, symbolic, discursive, and cognitive (Granter, 2019). In other words, the levels of culture in enterprises are developed due to external economic and social influences, artifacts such as logos, story rituals and events, values explicitly expressed by the organization, and underlying assumptions. This paper aims to assess the levels of organizational culture for Macomb Community College. Artifacts in Macomb Community College show that it promotes concentration, attentiveness, and responsibility, which is reflected in the logo. Looking at the architecture of the buildings, some of which use chrome-plated modern high-tech structures, one can assume that technology and science are the main focus of educational programs. Nonetheless, the central older building and a park with large trees create an atmosphere of solitude and introspection, which is more in line with the study of fine arts and social sciences. Equally important, the college has a high culture of mutual help and respect and cherishes community relations, which is reflected in the developed bus route system available to students. On the value level, many signs within the college, including parking signs, library signs, and other clues, point to a love of order and organization. Probably in this college, teachers appreciate the composure and commitment shown by students. On the level of assumptions, the college probably seeks to avoid accepting students who are overly self-expressive or whose identity is tied to superficial popular culture. The college website lacks flashy headlines or programs offering to participate in the community in a frivolous way, such as selling cookies for fundraising or taking part in field trips. Thus, the levels of organizational culture at the Macomb Community College were assessed. The college has a clear identity at the level of artifacts and values. At the same time, the analysis of underlying assumptions suggests several recommendations. Perhaps, the college underestimates the importance of openness in relationships and is too harsh on manifestations of superficial identity or judgment. Given the high commitment to social and community values, Macomb Community College members should consider that openness is an important value for building good social connections. Reference Granter, E. (2019). Managing culture at work . Manuscript submitted for publication.

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Macroeconomics Principles: International Commerce Essay Table of Contents 1. Importance of International Trade 2. When Exchange Rates Change 3. Disadvantage of Flexible Rates 4. References Importance of International Trade According to this study, international commerce does not always lead to inclusive growth. The latter is highly dependent on the quality of the public-private policies that guide and supplement it. Inclusive development is a form of economic development that results in a more equitable labor force, production system, and society (George & Rengamani, 2018). This result is mainly determined by policies that encourage production convergence, institutional changes, and social protection. The purpose of this publication is to assess how international commerce affects regional prosperity and equity. International trade can assist in minimizing structural heterogeneity in terms of productivity disparities between various strata of organizations to the degree that exporters account for a significant share of total businesses. This is because export firms in the region have greater productivity and salaries than other businesses due to a higher level of formality, better access to finance, larger-scale manufacturing, and a higher level of human capital (George & Rengamani, 2018). The more international enterprises there are, the narrower the production and social gaps become. On the other hand, the higher the productivity gap, the greater the concentration of export businesses and the fewer their links with the rest of the economy. When Exchange Rates Change This article examines the exchange rates of four major currencies versus the US dollar from 2005 to 2019, including the euro, the pound, the Canadian dollar, and the Japanese yen, through multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. On the full-time scale, the four exchange rate series have numerous multifractal qualities, with the yen having the lowest multifractal properties of the four, indicating the most market efficiency (Han et al., 2019). The four exchange rate series have multifractal qualities due to long-range correlation and fat-tail characteristics of non-Gaussian probability density functions. The internal links between distinct exchange markets are reflected in cross-correlations among different exchange markets. The purpose of this study is to analyze the multifractality degrees of the euro, pound, Canadian dollar, and yen exchange markets in three sub-samples separated by the 2008 financial crisis and the Federal Reserve’s announcement of its departure from quantitative easing (QE) policy in 2014. The researchers discovered that all four exchange markets had multifractal structural features in the sample and sub-samples, resulting in inefficiency at various levels in these foreign currency markets (Han et al., 2019). This research is essential theoretically and practically in implementing the Effective Market Hypothesis (EMH) in the exchange market. The findings of this study may have substantial implications for future research into the dynamic mechanism and efficiency of the exchange market and aid investors in successfully managing market risks. Disadvantage of Flexible Rates A dynamic panel model with country and regime-specific smooth variations in the mean is used to investigate the effects of exchange rate regimes on inflation persistence. The research provides strong evidence that floating rates have more substantial inflation persistence than fixed rates. The effects of the exchange rate regime on relative inflation persistence, on the other hand, are unclear (Wu & Wu, 2018). If smooth mean movements are not controlled, the neutrality of exchange rate regimes to inflation persistence is likely to be seen. Inflation persistence is overestimated when disruptions and smooth variations in mean are not controlled for contemporaneously. It is important to note that the flexible exchange rate causes inflation. Import items become more expensive as the exchange rate declines, resulting from the BOP imbalance. The high cost of imported products then fuels inflationary tendencies. When a currency depreciates, the local economy suffers both demand-pull and cost-push inflationary pressures, making imports more expensive (Wu & Wu, 2018). Governments value a managed exchange rate because of these disadvantages of a freely fluctuating exchange rate. Their central banks purchase and sell currencies in the foreign exchange market to reduce the degree of fluctuation as much as possible. References George, C. C., & Rengamani, J. (2018). International trade importance trends and approaches. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development , 9 (3), 886–895. Web. Han, C., Wang, Y., & Ning, Y. (2019). Comparative analysis of the multifractality and efficiency of exchange markets: Evidence from exchange rates dynamics of major world currencies. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications , 535 , 122365. Web. Wu, J. W., & Wu, J. L. (2018). Does a flexible exchange rate regime increase inflation persistence? Journal of International Money and Finance , 86 , 244–263. Web.

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Main Character and Idea of “The Epic of Gilgamesh” Essay The story of King Uruk, or Gilgamesh, is widely recognized as the first known explanation of the relationship between humans and gods. In other words, The Epic of Gilgamesh is the first mention of mythology in our world. To be more exact, the piece’s primary focus is on King Uruk’s transformation from a horrible ruler to a kind one when he is forced to face mortality. As stated, the main character of this story is the King of Uruk, who now serves as a reminder that in the early times, humans used to feel the same as we did. According to Anneberg Learner (2021), this writing is older than Bible since it is “four thousand years old in its oldest form.” Therefore, The Epic of Gilgamesh describes the life of Uruk’s ruler, above all other kings, considering that he was special, “he was two-thirds divine and one-third human” (Anneberg Learner, 2021). However, when the gods realized that they could not handle such an arrogant ruler, they sent Gilgamesh’s copy, Enkidu. Finally, the King of Uruk realized the significance of social interaction, “wonderful about being engaged with another human being” (Anneberg Learner, 2021). It is significant to note that Enkidu actually started the same way as Adam and, consequently, was humanized by the prostitute sent by the gods. Still, one fatal mistake of Enkidu and Gilgamesh leads to the first’s inevitable death, and when the King of Uruk realizes that his friend is dead, he starts seeking immortality. Overall, the story’s main idea is that the gods created immortality only for themselves, while humans will always be followed by death. Eventually, as Gilgamesh’s chance to live forever was stolen by a serpent, he finally realized his treasure, knowing the past and ability to return back to his city. At the end of the story, the town survives its ruler, which is why such a powerful message leads to the human population remembering it ever since. Reference Annenberg Learner. (2020). The Epic of Gilgamesh . Web.

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Maintaining the Temperatures for HFO Tank Essay Introduction The heater and the pump supplying oil are made to use electricity mainly from a generator without the operation of any auxiliary boiler when it is not in operation for a long time. The procedure is meant to maintain the temperature of the oil in the service tank used. The auxiliary boiler is mainly operated by the fuel oil getting burnt. Thus steam is generated, which is worked on generating a heating coil to maintain the temperature of the oil service tank. A heater is meant to heat the oil, which is always stored in the oil service tank; this provides heat for the maintenance of the temperature of the oil from going down. There is the pump for supplying oil with the main function of enhancing the circulation of oil from the tank passing through a heater and back to the oil tank again; the temperature of the oil is thus maintained. The electric heater and the heater for steam are made in parallel. The heater consists of plurality; a preference that all the heaters are electric mainly for maintaining the temperatures of the oil. There must be at least one heavy tank for oil and the oil tank with low sulfur; these are mainly to help maintain the temperature of the oil in the tanks through reduced heat transfers to the external environment. There should be a heavy tank for storing oil and fuel sedimentation meant for the deposition and storage of sediments and the heavy oil from the heavy oil tank; this enhances temperature maintenance. There is a low sulfur tank for heavy oil service for low sulfur oil storage and low sulfur for oil sedimentation tank for receiving the low sulfur oil from the tank with low sulfur for the precipitation and the storage of the sediments; temperature is maintained. The types of control actions to be used in an HFO service tank There should be regular and thorough checkups on the level of water. The brake should be made sure it is in a release position during the operation of the system. The heater valve should be made sure that it is open at all times during the system’s operation; there is efficient temperature distribution when this is done. Additionally, regular checkups should be done on the feed pumps, checking on the operations and any factors that might hinder their desired performance standards. The temperature should always be increased at all incidences when it lowers down. At times, it would be great to maintain a particular degree of efficiency in the system’s performance. The oil level in the gear case should always be regularly checked, especially before stirring the purifier. Safety and operating features that might be used in the system The tank lid should be slightly sealed to ensure no spillages that might put the system at risk of going into flames; human lives might also be put at risk. The container used for storing oil should be of great adequate strength and structural adequacy in ensuring there is no leak or burst due to much exposure into the system; it might also lead to pollution. The installation of a high-speed purifier to eradicate contaminants and any pollution from the lube oil; makes sure the purification is maintained in all instances. Then install a friction clutch, especially on the shaft horizontally, to assist in safeguarding the electric motor from any damage since the assembly of the complete purifier might be too heavy for taking full loading by the motor without any heating from the start. The steam inlet should always remain shut and regularly the slugging done to the system to prevent any blockage to the purifier. Whenever there is a need to store the oil drums upright, then it preferred to use the sheltered kind; in a bid to avoid contamination. The following have been shown on the response curve: the controller output change, the dead time, the time constant, the process value change. 1. The process change in degrees Celsius =5 degrees Celsius 2. The controller measured voltage span=0.35 3. The process open-loop gain=15 4. The time lag=5 5. The time constant=15 6. Calculation for K= T/L*G= change in the value output/ the magnitude of set input=15/20= 0.75 The calculations for the terms of P, P+I, P+I+D for P in the gain is the K = 0.75 For P+I, the value of gain is 0.9K=0.9*0.75=0.675 and the value of the action integral time is 3.3L = 3.3* 6=19.8 For P+I+D, the value of gain is 1.2K= 1.2* 0.75=0.9, the value for the action integral time is 2L=2*6=12 The value of derivative action time is 0.5L =0.5* 6=3 Discussion based on dead time, overshoot, undershoot, rise time, settling time, and offset * The settling time on the response curve is when the curve does not undergo any change. The curve has got a settling time. The error should be below two percent. * The curve rises in and then rings down to the condition of steady-state. * The overshoot describes how the system has exceeded the initially expected value. In the response curve, it has been minimized. * There is no undershoot recorded; it is the opposite phenomenon of overshoot. * There is no offset in the response curve, where the controlled variable’s deviation from the set point. * There is dead time in the response curve where there is a delay in the case of controller output signal issued and when the measured variable of the process is recorded. Reasons why the closed loops methods are preferred to open loops for controller tuning * In the closed loops process, the unstable processes can finally be stabilized efficiently, which is not the case in open loops. * In closed looping, there is automation for the corrections to the disturbances of the process, which is not the case in open looping. * In a closed looping, the processes with great accuracy are mainly kept on the set points, which is not the case in open loops. * In the closed-loop, the measurements are feasible compared to the open loops. * You can easily predict the process in a closed-loop compared to the open-loop processes, which are not easily predicted.

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“Man of the People” by Chinua Achebe Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview 3. Behind Whose Backs the Colonizers Are Hiding 4. Conclusion 5. Work Cited Introduction Man of the People was published in 1966 by Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe at the height of the struggle for black rights in America. This novel explores the problems of young people’s rejection of established patterns of discrimination. The story raises many issues, including the political characteristics of the development of the state, and draws attention to how upheavals occur. Man of the People is a collective term that describes an individual capable of protecting his people. However, it is a story of how colonial regimes can ruin people. The colonizers, Americans and Europeans, are enemies to the African people because they hide behind people who have been subjected to propaganda. Overview Man of the People is the story of how one man, recognized by no one, turned out to do more for his country than the one in whose hands power was concentrated. The story begins with the excitement surrounding Nanga, a leader, and teacher who has become a man of the people and achieved unprecedented heights. He encounters his student Odili, who is suspicious of his political activities. As events unfold, Odili becomes increasingly convinced that his former teacher uses unholy methods to gain recognition. In chapter seven Nanga bribes the editor of the Daily Matchet (Achebe). This angers Odili, and he decides to go against Nanga and oppose his authority. His friend Max Kuramo supports him, and together they devise a strategy to overthrow Nanga. Although these attempts are unsuccessful and bloody, eventually Odili is followed by people, and they stage a military coup. The coup brings freedom to the country, and Chief Nanga is left with nothing, enslaved by his desire for power. Behind Whose Backs the Colonizers Are Hiding Nigeria was able to resist the invaders and obtain justice for its people. Its connection to the events of the story is unconfirmed, so one can analyze and relate it to the influence of Americans and Europeans on the development of African countries. Selfish and traitorous sentiments are conveyed through the personality of Chief Nanga: he is a strong man who succumbed to the “Western temptation” of corruption and wealth (Achebe). Nanga betrayed his people, forgetting his original goal of preserving cultural heritage. Such actions are often associated with the America of the 1960s, when internationalism was increasingly influential: for example, the rights of blacks and Hispanics were repeatedly infringed upon. Nanga’s betrayal also reflects how white people resisted the civil rights movement in America: he preferred to put his interests above those of people, just as he was pitting himself against the conflict. The conflict in the story is similar to how America resisted the liberalization of human relations–thereby expressing a dislike for all things alien. The European colonizers are represented through an unusual device: the female will. The women’s struggle is expressed through the wife of Chief Nanga, who honored tradition and wanted her children to do the same. She regularly took them to the homeland to remember their roots and origins. Mrs. Nanga’s shows the imperialist ambitions of the European colonizers, who wanted to take over the whole land and force everyone to live according to their laws. Mrs. Nanga’s attitude toward Europeans and their traditions is harmful, and she resists their influence on her children. For example, she resents that people “hardly speak our language” and often “they will answer in English” (Achebe). African people have always had a lot of traditions, including languages and dialects, and European colonizers wanted one thing: to destroy that culture to satisfy their interests, which is what Chief Nanga wanted. The attitude toward England can also be seen in the educational segment: in the first chapter, Odili speculates that his job as a teacher will soon be unnecessary. He mentions that even in educated England, “you don’t have to be an economist to be a minister of finance or a doctor to be a minister of health” (Achebe). He brings up the corruption by which any office is bought, and the main objective is to be part of the party. He understands that his education does not matter – it only matters what university he came out of. Odili, like Mrs. Nanga, draws attention to the fact that people are increasingly speaking English. He is tense and believes it is wrong because one must remain “faithful to one’s native tongue” like Mrs. Nanga (Achebe). Moreover, Odili protests against the unnecessary prefix “mister,” which seems pointless and unnecessary to him. Conclusion Thus, through a story filled with satire and irony, people’s complicated lives in postcolonial Africa are revealed. The reader sees what the colonizers have brought: the corrupt Nanga, who has forgotten his people for the wealth; the spread of English and the forgetting of native traditions; the destruction of the teaching profession. The Americans and Europeans are portrayed in the novel as overbearing people who gradually destroy all African traditions. Man of the People became a landmark novel because it showed that new Western motifs do not always reflect well on tradition and culture. Work Cited Achebe, Chinua. “A Man of the People.” onlinereadfreenovel.

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Managerial Incentives for Using Information Systems Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Authors’ Main Ideas 3. Interpretation of Procedures 4. Data Analysis Strategies 5. Conclusion/Recommendation 6. Reference Introduction Protecting critical information assets needs an effective security policy and controls to limit unauthorized access. At the same time, proactive steps, including advocacy, can help prevent the enactment of unfavorable legislation that threaten privacy. At the organizational level, acceptable system use guidelines can ensure that sensitive data, including employees’ earnings and corporate transactions, are safeguarded. Further, measures to ensure physical and network security and regular audits can help safeguard data. This section of the paper critiques a research article modeling information systems’ use by managers to determine investment decisions. Authors’ Main Ideas The second article examines how managerial incentives to utilize an information system (IS) leads to the central office availing one. Böckem and Schiller (2009) hypothesize that higher effort when using IS increases the likelihood that the manager is well informed at the proposal approval phase and influences the headquarter’s decision to install the system. The research problem addressed is that the installation of an information system is not a guarantee that the manager’s informational status would be better; rather, he or she must use it properly to realize this goal. Using an investment-budgeting scenario, the authors note that, at the start, the manager is ignorant. However, he or she may utilize IS to obtain cost details related to the project’s net present value (NPV). If this effort is successful, the likelihood of using IS increases; otherwise, he or she remains ignorant (Böckem & Schiller, 2009). At the approval phase, the headquarters’ decisions will be based on the manager’s information status, his incentive to be informed, and the expected NPV. The head office will only consent to the proposal if the “internal rate of return” exceeds the hurdle rate (for projects with low anticipated NPV) (Böckem & Schiller, 2009, p. 3). This rate is fixed above a company’s capital costs under asymmetric information. The authors also establish that limited managerial effort to use IS is associated with low expected NPV due to under-investment by the headquarters. The authors also demonstrate that negative ex-ante NPV informs the decision not to install IS. A rise in expected NPV beyond a certain cut-off point would warrant the collection of high-quality information. The headquarters must also weigh between installing a better IS and costs. The authors describe a model for approval or rejection of an investment project and test it on two assumptions and benchmark cases of ignorant and informed managers. Empirical predictions for general use and provision of the system are also developed. Interpretation of Procedures The specific analysis methods used to construct the model describing the headquarter’s optimal solution to providing IS and quality considerations. The primary problem addressed is the inability of the central office to tell the informational status of a manager upfront. The managerial effort to use IS and expected NPV is shown to predict system provision decisions. The assumptions for models with asymmetrical information are stated, but the model is not grounded in prior frameworks or evidence. A hypothesis about the anticipated outcome (IS adoption is dependent on the expected project NPV) is used to develop the model. The basic steps of model building are described in this article. The framework is selected and unknown parameters at the outset, including managerial slack, hurdle rate and NPV, estimated. Additionally, the underlying assumptions are carefully evaluated, and their validity ascertained. Their existence in literature is acknowledged; thus, the model is deemed useful in addressing the problem. However, validating the model numerically or graphically using new data would have been a good idea. Also, a brief discussion of each assumption and its value would be useful. Data Analysis Strategies The article involved model derivation, development, and validation of the major assumptions. No new data is collected for testing the framework developed. Previous studies on under-investment and hurdle rates are analyzed to select the model. Additionally, accounting literature is reviewed to determine the best information asymmetry choice, determining that the headquarter’s would consider either a maximum-quality IS or no IS for managers. The different mathematical notations used and what they denote are described in the appendix. The authors use limited visualization techniques to illustrate the model. Only one graph about the approval rules and cut-off values for the first best solution is given. Technical analysis is used to test the assumptions and compute the best quality level of IS. However, a training dataset is not given, making it difficult to estimate model parameters. Additionally, the cross-validation of these functions and constraints is not based on data. Although the theoretical model considers two benchmark cases and different IS usage scenarios, without testing it on a dataset, the validity of the parameters may not be ascertained. Quantitative data analysis using regression coefficients or descriptive statistics may be useful to validate the model. Additionally, since the model is predictive, data would help minimize bias and prediction error. Conclusion/Recommendation The article examined a predictive model development for IS use by managers. It develops a model for central office decisions to invest in IS based on managerial informational status. Thematic analysis using varied information sources, earlier frameworks, and theories is a procedure used to support model assumptions. Additionally, the conclusions are drawn from the model parameters after testing it. The use of new data to test model assumptions is recommended to validate it. Reference Böckem, S., & Schiller, U. (2009). Managerial use of an information system. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-39. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1420160

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Managers’ Concern Over Employee Motivation Issues Essay Motivation is the process whereby an individual’s endeavors are stimulated, guided, and maintained toward achieving a goal. Thus, the responsibility of management is to monitor and direct workers in a company (Usmonovich, 2021). This is required since it is a method of inducing individuals to work, which they are capable and equipped to do freely. Even though most people have to work for a livelihood and a job is an essential part of everyone’s lives, administrators must be apprehensive about employee motivation concerns for various reasons. Managers have several valid reasons to be concerned about motivating employees. Firstly, individual success in a company is viewed as a product of talent and inspiration. Additionally, the ability is influenced by education, expertise, and learning, and its development is a difficult and laborious process, whereas motivation may be accelerated (Usmonovich, 2021). Thus, employee motivation is widely recognized as critical to a corporation’s success. In addition, a business that struggles with staff motivation is more likely to experience lower output, defective manufacturing, or other problems, and managers must guarantee that this does not happen (Usmonovich, 2021). Secondly, an administrator’s role in the company is to get tasks completed through staff. In order to sustain desired objectives, thus, leaders need to be able to notice the decreasing engagement and improve staff morale. To comprehend motivation, one must first recognize fundamental human nature, which may be both complicated and straightforward at the same time (Usmonovich, 2021). Understanding and appreciating the above is a necessity for successful employee motivation in the workplace, as well as good management and organizational achievement. Thirdly, a business is less likely to fulfill its goals if its personnel is not entirely committed. When people lose interest in their employment, organizations will see a commensurate drop in determination, invention, and productivity. The leadership that declines to confront these issues immediately endangers their job, as the firm relies on them to guarantee that employees regularly perform at a high level (Usmonovich, 2021). Thus, managers must be familiar with motivational strategies as well as comprehend their workers’ unique peculiarities and views to select incentives that will effectively motivate them to work together to achieve the organization’s goals. Reference Usmonovich, T. (2021). Issues of employee motivation in the system of market relations . The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research , 03 (03), 55-58. Web.

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Marketing and Positioning Statement Essay This tote is perfect for mothers with teenage children who are constantly on the go but want to look stylish while doing errands and during family activities. It is high-end yet durable and keeps the owner’s personal belongings organized in a portable and secure way, making it easier to get outside in the shortest time. Product Selection According to the survey data, in the target audience, the most popular brands are Channel, Pucci, and Kate Shade. Therefore, the audience is torn between products in which the quality matches the price and luxury products with unreasonable prices. In order to justify the high-end price, it might be helpful to use a high-quality leather material and equip the bag with extra pockets for organized storage, as most luxury bags miss that feature. As survey results suggest that the target audience mostly prefers shoulder bags or tote bags, providing an additional shoulder strap will offer a more substantial basis for the price. Most survey participants have three to five bags, meaning that they prefer to have one bag that will suit all occasions, including everyday use, rather than a wide variety of different bags in different styles. Combining the collected conclusions leads to the black bag option in size 9×11 made from leather with 36$ production cost. Pricing The survey results suggest that most of the target audience can afford the price from 300$ to 700$, and most prefer to shop online for handbags. Considering the target audience’s income, it is more likely that a bag with a high mid-range price will be more popular as its price can be justified, unlike luxury bag prices. The closest alternative in mid-range price from All Tote Bags On Shelves research is Ralph Lauren Carlyle Mini Leather Zip Tote Bag with a 195$ pricing. Therefore, setting the future product’s price around 250$ will result in a fair price for the customers for the products’ quality. The price will also provide additional revenue for Buhi that the company can spend on additional accessories and product packaging to create a more luxurious feel.

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Marketing Application of Maslow’s Theory Research Paper Table of Contents 1. The needs of customers 2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Marketing 3. Model of Consumer Behavior 4. Application to Service 5. References The needs of customers The needs of customers motivate them to purchase goods and services. In turn, marketers need to monitor industry trends and changes closely. Maslow’s theory and behavioral models help identify the current needs of the target audience and select effective communication channels. Needs research helps to build a marketing strategy and select products and services that can successfully satisfy consumers. Customers are now thinking about the global impact of consumption, which is also reflected in the top level of Maslow’s theory. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Marketing Maslow’s hierarchy of needs reflects how the motivation of people in society is formed. The theory is presented in the form of a pyramid, which illustrates the significance of a particular need in human life. The pyramid includes needs such as psychological, security, belonging, prestige, and self-actualization needs (Desmet & Fokkinga, 2020). The base of the pyramid is occupied by physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, clothing, rest, sleep, comfort, and reproduction. Next comes the need for security, and higher social needs are ​​placed, such as belonging to a group, family, and friendship. The steps of prestige and self-actualization, needs are closer to the top and gradually take less and less space, and go after the previous levels. Schachter (2016) notes that later the theory also included the level of self-transcendence, which began to illustrate the need for social significance and contribution. Thus, this theory reflects which needs a person is motivated to meet first and which are of lesser importance. Basic psychological needs, as well as the need for safety, ensure human life; without their satisfaction, other values ​​would not be so significant. Self-actualization or self-transcendence, at the top of the pyramid, are not available to all people, depending on their social conditions and interests, and are satisfied after the previous levels. It is also important that the satisfaction of lower levels of needs provides a person with the opportunity to strive for higher ones. Maslow’s theory emphasizes that even the needs of the higher order are natural and desirable for a person and motivate human beings to achieve them (Acevedo, 2018). This theory can be applied in marketing research to determine the needs of consumers. It is important for marketers to determine which of the basic needs of the pyramid addresses the product or service. Schachter (2016) emphasizes that the most successful companies meet the needs of multiple levels. Thus, marketers can use Maslow’s theory to target audiences based on what needs their product might meet. Additionally, this concept can be used to modify or improve the product to meet the needs of a specific group of consumers. Model of Consumer Behavior There are various models that describe the buyer’s decision-making process. However, researchers agree that the end result of the marketing process is customer satisfaction (Panwar et al., 2019). Panwar et al. (2019), based on a review of the analysis of existing patterns of customer behavior, suggest five stages of the decision-making process. The process begins with the recognition of the problem or with the identification of the customer’s need. At this stage, the buyer realizes that they have a need to purchase a certain product or service. The second stage is the search for information, the duration of which depends on how adequate the product is that meets the current needs. Panwar et al. (2019) identify that this stage seems to be the most significant, as it allows the consumer to learn about the offers on the market. The researchers also note that buyers value personal rather than commercial channels for acquiring more information (Panwar et al., 2019). Thus, marketers can choose which communication channels to use to achieve specific goals. Then, when the client has a sufficient amount of information about the product, the stage of evaluating alternatives begins. The duration of this stage also depends on the availability of the product, the degree of awareness of the buyer about its properties, as well as on the available melons. If the product or service is a unique offer on the market, then this stage can be skipped. The fourth stage is purchasing, where the customer buys the item and receives it. The last and final stage is satisfaction, which is the goal of the marketing process. At this stage, the customer realizes that the purchased product or service fully meets their needs. Otherwise, if the product doesn’t meet the buyer’s needs, the marketers’ goal is not achieved. The described behavioral model directly affects the marketing effort, as it identifies the significance of information in the decision-making process. In particular, the product or service must not only meet the needs of the consumer but also communicate it correctly and effectively. To successfully achieve the marketing goal, it is necessary to choose those communication channels that are more likely to be accessible to the target audience. The effectiveness of a particular method of providing information varies depending on the market, product, and consumer. Thus, it is important for marketers to evaluate which communication channel is preferred. Application to Service Modern society strives not only for consumption but also for a more conscious use of already existing products. The service chosen for the analysis is the resale of used luxury clothing. This service offers an online store where customers can purchase secondhand clothing from well-known and expensive brands at a reduced price. Additionally, the service may offer the services of a personalized consultant and recommendations for the selection of items. The demographic profile of a given market is determined by indicators such as socioeconomic status, age, and gender. The target audience is predominantly low-class families, but the last decade has seen an increase in middle-class consumers; high-income consumers are less likely to buy secondhand products (Chu, 2020). Consumers are also more likely to be women between the ages of 25 and 35, while those over 50 are most likely to purchase secondhand clothing ( Secondhand fashion , 2021). The main reason for purchasing in this category is the desire to save money and support sustainable fashion trends ( Secondhand fashion , 2021). Thus, the purchasing power of the target audience increases as more and more people are attracted to this market (Reinhart, 2021). Thus, the target market is the secondhand clothing market in the US, with a target audience of young women. Currently, competition in this market is mainly represented by local retailers. There were 25,225 secondhand clothing resale companies in the US in 2020 ( Thrift stores industry , 2020). However, some of the biggest competitors include Etsy, Patagonia Worn Wear, Beyond Retro, Depop, Tradesy, Vestiaire Collective, thredUP, and eBay ( 11 online thrift stores , n.d). In 2021, the size of the secondhand market was 36 billion; by 2025, it is expected to grow to 77 billion (Reinhart, 2021). Due to the increasing level of attention of people to the options of conscious consumption, as well as the flourishing of online retailing, this market expects stable growth (Reinhart, 2021). Companies represented on the market focus on the sale of budget clothing. Additionally, the demographic profile identifies that high-income people are rarely consumers in a given market. The service for the sale of secondhand luxury clothing will attract a new audience of older people and higher incomes to the market. References 11 online thrift stores for affordable vintage & secondhand clothing . (n.d). The Good Trade. Web. Acevedo, A. (2018). A personalistic appraisal of Maslow’s needs theory of motivation: From “humanistic” psychology to integral humanism. Journal of Business Ethics, 148 , 741–763. Web. Chu, A. (2020). Who thrift shops? Reuse Berkley. Web. Desmet, P., & Fokkinga, S. (2020). Beyond Maslow’s pyramid: Introducing a typology of thirteen fundamental needs for human-centered design. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 4 (3), 1-22. Web. Panwar, D., Anand, S., Ali, F., & Singal, K. (2019). Consumer decision-making process models and their applications to market strategy. International Management Review, 15 (1), 36-44. Reinhart, J. (2021). 2021 resale report . ThredUp. Web. Schachter, H. (2016). A practical management twist on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs . The Globe and Mail. Web. Secondhand fashion, a new impetus for clothing consumption . (2021). Circoax. Web. Thrift stores industry in the US – Market research report. (2020). IBISWorld. Web.

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Marketing Role in Business and Society Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Relations with other Fields 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Marketing is a complicated part of a business that is perceived by people in different ways. Some individuals believe that it only has a positive effect on purchasing power, while others think controversially and state that marketing is evil (Hanssens & Pauwels, 2016). Marketing is defined as a new principle that was first used in the United States, and its main objective is to increase the quality and level of human life. Many social areas are closely related to this principle, and each affects it. Relations with other Fields Such areas of life as economics, social psychology, sociology, law, and political science can be connected to marketing and help to develop this sphere. However, some aspects can be seen as important, and others might mislead and raise suspicions of their usefulness. For instance, according to Chen and Yuan (2020), social psychology is one of the most important influencers on marketing development as many people have role models, which puts indirect psychological pressure on fans and makes the masses believe in approximately the same things. The word of mouth strategy is currently one of the most effective ways of the marketing sphere. Social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat have become integral parts of almost every person in the world. Consequently, marketing promotion of goods becomes the most facilitated. Such aspect of life as the law also makes its contribution to the development of marketing, and it is usually undertaken by company executives and not publicly displayed. Gazley et al. (2016) stated that some marketing campaigns can violate the boundaries of potential customers and can carry an improper motive. The sphere of law is connected to almost all aspects of life, and in marketing, acting against the law and ethical rules can be punishable. For example, aggressive and stalker promotion is prohibited, and misleading advertisements are restricted. I would agree with the marketing concept image as by studying this principle in more depth, the connection with other fields of life is becoming manifested in brighter colors. Each aspect presented in the image influences marketing differently, and such spheres as mathematics, theology, and politics might be incomprehensive for their need to those who do not study marketing. The marketing concept image is supplemented with such aspects as languages and computer science. Marketing communication is one of the most important parts of any marketing campaign, and every top manager should correctly present their message to the international market. Secondly, computer science and software engineering are becoming integral in almost every sphere. Consequently, the development of programs for marketing promotions and advertisements on social media shows a high marketing campaign quality. Conclusion Nowadays, marketing plays a huge role in the business industry, and understanding this aspect is extensive, including many external areas of life like politics, psychology, sociology, and law. Advanced marketers with a huge experience take under consideration many spheres that seem to be unnecessary to the principle. Consequently, making marketing one of the most important industries in successful business development. References Chen, Z., & Yuan, M. (2020). Psychology of word of mouth marketing. Current Opinion in Psychology, 31, 7-10. Hanssens, D. M. & Pauwels, K. H. (2016). Demonstrating the Value of Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 80( 6), 173-190. Gazley, A., Sinha, A. & Rod, M. (2016). Toward a theory of marketing law transgressions. Journal of Business Research, 69 (2), 476-483.

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Marquez’s and Byatt’s Short Stories Comparison Essay Table of Contents 1. Angel: Why People do not Receive Blessings 2. The Thing in the Woods: What Fear Means 3. Angel and the Thing: Lessons in Morality 4. References Angel: Why People do not Receive Blessings The essence of God’s messengers, the angels, has long been asked by philosophers and theologians. Marquez reveals the angel’s identity through a man with white wings, but I believe there is more human than divine in him. The lethargy suffering characterizes the angel, and fading often accompanies a man weary of worldly burdens. The family locks him in the henhouse because his appearance does not resemble an angel: “he dressed like ragpicker”; and these people are too used to trusting their eyes (Marquez, 341). Sometimes it is one’s inability to transcend one’s preconceptions leads to a false perception of reality. Through the angel’s personality, Marquez shows that sometimes faith goes against the true meaning of things. Faith accompanies a person who cannot give up his opinion and accept a new reality. People experience the same events differently because their views of the world differ. Those who can trust the ugly creature see it as good and a messenger who tests people’s faith. And those who use it to get money do not pass the test and remain miserable and unable to understand reality. The Thing in the Woods: What Fear Means A person may be accompanied by events, the consequences of which cannot be reconciled. It leads one to forget the terrible things or, conversely, to concentrate on one’s fear. Thus, an item in the woods becomes a set of parts we want to get rid of and never remember. The fates of the girls Penny and Primrose are very similar: losses in their families, a horrible childhood, and a perpetual fear for life. One can see it in their’ mothers’ behavior: “So the mothers (who did not resemble each other at all) behaved alike, and explained nothing” (Byatt, 165). They try to overcome this, and eventually, their minds create something that embodies their experiences. Growing up, they find this thing again because they cannot forget the experienced horrors. Byatt shows that things like war and loss cloud the mind, and our brains look for distractions. Penny lives her life; Primrose has a different path, seeing other things in the dreaded worm. Their journey is different, so they see reality differently, but eventually, they agree: the true human self is the same. Byatt understands truth as a universal and absolute something that brings people together like the worm: “The rest of its very large body appeared to be glued together” (Byatt, 186). And faith is an interpretation based on lived experience. Angel and the Thing: Lessons in Morality Both stories are similar: each teaches you to look at the world in a new way and to try to find the truth in it. Marquez and Byatt see truth differently, but they agree on the main point: everything comes with experience, but it teaches some and not others. Marquez’s lesson is that the responsibility for our lives is ours, and we can make a difference. For example, the padre was not afraid to come close because there is no difference between “a hawk and an airplane” (Marquez, 342). The lesson of Byatt is to be able to accept one’s human nature and cope with life’s difficulties. Both stories are instructive and essential to understanding the meaning of life. References Marquez, G. G. (2014). A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings (Marquez 2014) . Penguin Books Ltd. Byatt, A. S. (2011). The Thing in the Forest . Vintage Digital.

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Marx’s Thesis on the Fetishism of Commodities Essay Marx’s thesis on the fetishism of commodities focuses on society’s tendency to place value on commodities based on contributed labor, which inevitably causes domination of the products over people. Furthermore, the fetishism affects the social interactions between the customer and producer: the valued objects are independently exchanged for the respective purposes. Such exchanges of objects occur independently of human needs or decisions (Ritzer, 2011). In this case, it is essential to note that the term fetishism does not suggest any sexual connotations; it only explains people’s inclination to devote themselves to the mentioned principles. In modern society, we have fetishized technological trends in the same way that Marx’s thesis suggests. For example, Apple products are known to be highly appreciated for their “high-quality” and “accessibility”. The labor that goes into creating the products, despite sometimes being considered unethical, benefits the brand’s overall image. Since hours and hundreds of workers are dedicated to producing the items, their values increase independently of their quality. The product’s value is then highly dependent on the importance placed by the general public and marketing strategies rather than its original worth. Moreover, the workers that are required for the brand’s success also become commodities, as mentioned in the Manifesto of the Communist Party (Marx & Engels, 1818-1883). In this way, although existing independently of one another, all major parts of the modern socio-economic system become disconnected from their actual worth. Marx’s thesis fails to explore how a commodity gains its value purely from the amount of labor included in the process. This could be outlined as a critical disadvantage to the thesis, as it ignores a central perspective that aid in changing the materialistic values of society. Another detail that was not mentioned in Marx’s work is related to the nature of commodities, why some are more valued than others. Still, the Manifesto of the Communist Party and Marx’s thesis provide a solid foundation for analyzing modern socio-economic relations. References Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1818-1883). The Communist Manifesto . London: Electric Book Co. Ritzer, G. (2011). Classical Sociological Theory (6th Ed). Boston: McGraw Hill.

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Mary Breckinridge, the Great Nurse Essay Mary Breckinridge was a strong individual who, despite all her suffering and terrible losses, dedicated her life to helping people and preventing others from experiencing the disasters that she had encountered. During her lifetime, she made a tremendous impact in the development of nursing and medical research. These are the reasons why I want to write about Mary Breckinridge and her achievements. Mary Breckinridge was born February 17, 1881, in Memphis, Tennessee, but raised in many places, including Kentucky, New York, and even St. Petersburg, since her father was a congressman and U.S Minister to Russia (Breckinridge, 2021). In 1904, after her first husband died, she decided to become a nurse (Breckinridge, 2021). Mary still tried to create a family afterward, and after ten years of nursing, she retired and gave birth to a son and a daughter from her second husband (Breckinridge, 2021). However, the tragedies continued to follow Mary, and her children died soon after the birth (Breckinridge, 2021). After the disasters, she left her husband and volunteered as a nurse in World War I, finally deciding to devote her life to saving lives (Breckinridge, 2021). After the war, Mary worked mainly in Kentucky and continued her education at the Teachers College of Columbia University in New York City (Breckinridge, 2021). In 1923, she went to England to study at the British Hospital for Mothers and Babies to become a qualified midwife (Breckinridge, 2021). Also, in 1925, she established a private charitable organization, the Frontier Nursing Service (FNC), which significantly decreased both maternal and infant mortality in the area of service (Brewer, 2018). During her life, Mary significantly contributed to nursing and helped many people. Apart from the FNC that still operates in southeastern Kentucky, she was recognized as the first who introduced nurse-midwifery to the United States (Brewer, 2018). It is worth mentioning that Mary’s impact on midwifery and nursing education continued even after her death. Today, people from around the world come to the FNC School of Midwifery and Family Nursing to study her model of rural health and social service delivery (Brewer, 2018). It is hard not to admire Mary Breckinridge for her contribution to nursing, despite all the tragedies she encountered. Even after losing her kids, Mary did not let the disaster break her spirit but devoted herself to reducing suffering from other people’s lives. I truly believe that everyone can learn from her example. References Brewer, E. P. (2018). Perceptions of Nursing in Appalachia: A State of the Science Paper . Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29 (1), 6-13. Breckinridge, M. (2021). Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service . University Press of Kentucky.

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MasterCard Company’s Risk Assessments Essay Table of Contents 1. Concerns 2. Goals 3. Recommendations 4. Background 5. Critical considerations 6. The issue of insider threats extent 7. The Concerns and clarification of standards 8. Action steps 9. References Concerns Regardless of the volume of MasterCard exchanges, the company could be subject to severe penalties if PCI regulations are not followed. Insider attacks have eroded public confidence in the organization’s capacity to safeguard sensitive information. Non-compliance can lead to a variety of consequences, including penalties, information leaks, legal activity, a damaged reputation, and even a loss of income. Payment for services can be fraudulent. Payment procedures and card data security go hand in hand. Goals Performing risk assessments on a regular basis allows an organization to stay abreast of emerging threats and make informed decisions about when and where to implement relief controls in the event of a change in the operating environment (Durkin, 2020). In an ideal world, a risk assessment would reveal emerging threats and weaknesses that could have a negative impact on cardholders’ CDE, allowing an association to address them in a proactive and timely manner. Recommendations * Assess a wide variety of possible hazards. * Methods and controls should be revealed with confidence, and they should be put into practice with the same level of confidence. * Establish security measures in the workplace. * Any necessary security software should be installed and activated. Background In light of the gravity of the threat posed by trusted insiders in Anne Arundel County and Odenton Township, scandals and threats against public officials are understandable. To combat this danger, we must continue to increase the amount of data that is shared and made available to the public. Keep in mind that your employees are just like any other human beings. And mistakes are made by people. Secret words and passwords are shared across administrations and stored in insecure locations. Insiders are also known to approach highly sensitive information. Critical considerations Customers will stop doing business with you if they have any reason to believe that their payments will not be handled securely as a result of a data breach. This can lead to a loss of business. It is obvious that protecting the privacy and safety of customers is critical (HASpod, 2021) Because of this, credit card security is so important to any business, no matter where its customers are located. It’s critical to discover the cardholder’s personal information and adhere to established business practices when processing and evaluating transactions. The issue of insider threats extent Creating and maintaining an insider threat moderation system necessitates meticulous preparation, forethought, and even mistakes. These moderation procedures necessitate the support and commitment of leaders at all levels to continue improving a company’s ability to distinguish and realize, evaluate, and oversee insider dangers. The Concerns and clarification of standards An emphasis on insider threats is just as important as ensuring the safety of payment transactions. Everyone who uses, processes, or transfers funds a cardholder’s personal information must pay for their services. PCI security standards treat security payments and other threats differently. Action steps Anne Arundel County must protect its residents and infrastructure from insider threats by taking the following measures: The term “insider threat” refers to threats that originate from within an organization, such as former employees and construction companies hired for the purpose of hacking into the network (What is an Insider Threat?, 2021). Individuals with direct connections to organizations and assets could potentially misuse their access to gain access to or erase sensitive information. There are programs in place that can help organizations identify and track individuals who may portray an insider threat. It is possible to observe and report all who exhibit these behavior patterns because they put themselves at greater risk of becoming a danger. References HASpod. (2021). 5 Best Risk Assessment Control Measures With Examples . What is an Insider Threat? Definition, Detection & Prevention . (2021). Durkin, K. (2020). 5 Factors to Consider When Building Your Security Budget .

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Master’s Degree Programs in Nursing Essay The introduction of new levels of nursing education is a major reform that has contributed to the complexity of the field. Traditionally, nursing schools provided degrees of a Bachelor’s level associated with the basic skills required by this profession. However, today, aspiring nurses have access to high-quality Master’s programs that further develop their competencies. In this regard, a question may reasonably arise regarding the actual value of such degrees. In fact, Master’s programs in nursing are essential for healthcare, as they align with the growing importance of nurses and the contemporary view of the system. Bachelor’s degrees provide students with the basics of the profession, its fundamental concepts and practical skills. These aspects alone form a full-fledged, competent nurse who is capable of doing their job. In other words, a Bachelor’s degree cannot be considered an “incomplete” education in nursing. At the same time, Master’s programs serve as the development impetus for those who want to engage with more sophisticated principles of 21 st -century nursing. First of all, Master’s degrees are aimed at the manner in which nurses think. More specifically, such programs promote critical thinking and cognitive agility that is required to make precise decisions in difficult situations. Thus, a certain leadership dimension is introduced, allowing nurses to enter the healthcare decision-making framework while understanding the social dimension of the issues to address (Bryant-Moore et al., 2018). Second, a Master’s in nursing supports the development of emotional intelligence, which is integral to patient-centered care. By employing critical thinking, nurses learn to analyze each case objectively and master the emotional aspect that enables strong patient connection (Cassano et al., 2020). Third, a Master’s in nursing is a major step toward proficiency in scientific research, through which nurses help to build a better system for tomorrow. Overall, Master’s programs complement the fundamental skills of each professional by a stronger presence of cognitive, emotional, and research competencies that support the emergence of nursing leaders within the professional community. References Bryant-Moore, K., Bachelder, A., Rainey, L., Hayman, K., Bessette, A., & Williams, C. (2018). Use of service learning to increase master’s-level nursing students’ understanding of social determinants of health and health disparities. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29 (5), 473–479. Cassano, F., Tamburrano, A., Mellucci, C., Galletti, C., Damiani, G., & Laurenti, P. (2020). Evaluation of emotional intelligence among master’s degree students in nursing and midwifery: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (17), 6347.

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Mathematical Analysis of the Pyramid of the Louvre Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Descriptive Geometry 3. Trigonometry 4. Calculated Analytics 5. Conclusion Introduction Architectural firms all over the world are tacitly competing to see which of them can achieve the most outstanding results in urban development. Every year, people in developed countries see a large number of new urban developments that combine the latest in architectural aesthetics with environmental sustainability within the city’s ecosystem. While many of them do stir the human imagination and delight with genius, it seems that it is not just the geometric shape of the building that matters. Turning to the textbook example of the Louvre Museum of Art clearly demonstrates that even simple spatial shapes can be attractive from an urban and architectural point of view. It must be said that the Louvre Museum is a world-renowned art museum located in the center of Paris. Before the pandemic, the museum was visited annually by an average of ten million visitors, with almost five times less than the permanent population of Paris (SRD). So, the Louvre Museum is an important tourist attraction visited by a large number of local and foreign tourists interested in art. With regard to the Louvre, it is impossible not to note its unique architectural form, which gives the structure a particular attraction (Fig. 1). The museum has a form of a quadrangular pyramid, at the base of which lies a square. It is important to emphasize that the shape of the museum is not tetrahedral, as it may seem because the central composition of the visible part of the Louvre is directly a square, not a triangle. The pyramid first appeared in the center of Paris in 1989 and has since become an integral part of the city’s topography (PT). It should be said that the actual museum is not inside this pyramid, but it is more of a portal of entry. The pyramid lets visitors into an underground vestibule that connects the three galleries of choice, Sali, Richelieu, and Denon. Descriptive Geometry A mathematical analysis of the Louvre is helpful to begin with elements of descriptive geometry, which will give a more accurate idea of the pyramid’s forms. According to Pei, the maximum height of the pyramid at its peak is 20.6 meters, with each of the sides of the Louvre’s square base equal to 35 meters (Figure 2). The measurements of the other sides are not reported, so it seems possible to calculate them using the tool of analytical geometry. To begin with, it must be asserted that the base of the figure is a square: this is indeed so, since all its sides, and consequently, its interior angles, appear to be equal. Proceeding from this assumption, it becomes possible to determine the measurements of diagonals of a regular quadrilateral by the formula [1]. This formula is based on the Pythagoras theorem, which allows to determine the size of the hypotenuse of a blue triangle (Fig. 3) based on the size of two cathetuses (Russick). Again, one can be convinced of the value of the interior angle of 90° because the quadrilateral has four equal sides. In such a pyramid, the height dropped from the center to the base divides the diagonals strictly in half. Consequently, each of the diagonals is divided into segments of 24.8 m. Now again, we can use the Pythagorean theorem, but now the action is aimed at determining the size of an edge of such a pyramid. Using the known values, it is possible to calculate this value, as shown in [2]. Thus, all the unknown dimensions have been calculated, and there are no more unknown sides left. Regarding the space used, it would be interesting to trace what proportion of the total volume can be occupied by people if we take into account that a considerable part of the Louvre pyramid is hollow and its space is not used. Let us turn to Figure 6. It shows a quarter of the pyramid (for convenience), and the black area marks the area used routinely. The height of this area is uniform in all directions and is precisely three meters – this includes the height of the average person and the remainder for the ceiling so that even the tallest people would feel comfortable in such a room. Remarkably, there is no such three-meter ceiling in the Louvre Museum, so for now, it is hypothetical. In fact, we are dealing with a truncated rectangular pyramid, for which we can still calculate the volume. For this purpose, let us turn to the formula shown in [10]. In this formula, known quantities are presented, but the letters S1 and S2 denote the areas of the bases of the actual trapezoid. The bases contain squares, so it is not difficult to calculate their areas. For the bottom base, this will be equal to the doubled side of 24.8; that is, the area of the bottom base is 615.04. To calculate the area of the top square, we must first calculate some of its characteristics. In particular, we use the law of similarity of two triangles. In other words, people usually occupy a volume not exceeding 6,360.96 cubic meters from the Louvre pyramid. It is worth saying that this is only 75.6% of the total volume of the entrance gate of the museum, so a critically small part of the Louvre is really used with benefit. The reason for such a decision is the purely aesthetic appeal of the pyramid, as it has no civil-defense purpose and moreover cannot be used for shelter, maximizing the number of visitors. The value obtained earlier of 3,062 individuals is the maximum possible occupancy of the Louvre if only one layer is used. However, if the museum management was faced with Your Last Name 10 the question of maximizing capacity, they might consider the idea of three-meter-high tiers inside the pyramid. Given the height of each tier and the overall height of the pyramid, there would have been no more than six tiers, with the last one being the lowest and occupying only 2.6 meters. This would have significantly increased the guest capacity of the pyramid but would have created a number of serious problems with ventilation, evacuation, and flow management. Trigonometry Not only the tools of analytical geometry, however, but also trigonometry can be used for practical calculations. By now, all the sides of a quadrilateral pyramid are known, which means there is no problem finding its angles. Let us turn to the green triangle from Figure 3; use the law of sines to construct the following equality. Calculated Analytics In a strategically important museum like the Louvre, an attendance study is critical. Because of COVID-19, a large number of visitors could not get into the museum due to physical and social constraints – as a result, the Louvre was losing revenue, and exhibits were stagnating. Therefore, it is the task of analytics to examine visitor dynamics. According to “The Next Generation of Digital Content,” the total number of visitors between 2012 and 2017 at the Louvre is given by the function. It is not known whether this function is valid, but its study may be of interest for museum applications. In this function, the argument x shows the year starting from 2012 (Figure 11). In fact, not all areas of the graph shown make sense since the values of x are limited to two bounds. Figure 12 shows that the number of visitors to the Louvre has risen smoothly over five years, reaching 654% by 2017 of what it was in 2012. It is of interest to clarify the total number of tourists who visited the Louvre over these five years. To do this, we need to refer to a certain integral. Conclusion It is worth noting that mathematical calculations are routinely used in a large number of real-life examples, even if it does not seem obvious at first glance. The pyramid in the Louvre Museum in the center of Paris illustrated the power of the synthesis of analytic geometry, trigonometry, and functional analysis to investigate different aspects of the pyramid. In particular, all sides and angles within the pyramid were calculated, and areas and volumes were measured. A calculation was made of the usable area occupied by people and suggested a way to expand the number of tourists who could visit the Louvre pyramid at the same time. Among the mathematic tools used are the following: * Geometric formulas for calculating areas * Geometric formulas for calculating volumes * Formulas for sines and cosines * The law of sines and cosines * The similarity of triangles theorem * The law of section of three-dimensional figures * Constructing the equation of a function by two points * Basic arithmetic calculations * Functional analysis * Boundary Integrations * Rounding of results This has been a useful practice to improve my own skills and to learn more deeply, not superficially, about the pyramid phenomenon. However, it is worth saying that any deviations in the calculations from those norms that the reference knows can be caused by rounding and by errors in the calculations. Thus, the general conclusion of the whole work is that a large number of mathematical tools are applicable to the Louvre pyramid, which has been demonstrated.

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Mearsheimer’s Standpoint on the War Reasons Essay Mearsheimer justifies the reasons for Modern European war by the existence and disposition of poles of power, which affect the determination of states to engage in hostilities. He considers the multipolar system the most conducive to rivalry because states’ authority is not distributed evenly (Mearsheimer, 2014). Furthermore, it is most predisposed to instability, as relations between countries change from hostile to sociable and vice versa. Such frequent transformations contribute to the constant emergence of wars. Moreover, they prevent a rational assessment of the capabilities and intentions of adversaries. An unbalanced multipolarity is the most unbalanced form because it is characterized by a hegemon pursuing as much power as feasible. Other states are fearful of such urges, and therefore their policies can be more aggressive. Mearsheimer (2014) argues that wars in modern Europe under a bipolar order occurred with minimal frequency. This system is the most steady because there is a balance between the countries, contributing to their mutual understanding. However, Mearsheimer’s concept cannot be applied nowadays because it is challenging to define the current world order. It is evident that multipolarity prevails and establishes the course of action. Still, it is closely intertwined with bipolarity, which indicates that the modern world is a unique system with dissimilar approaches and impacts. This connection distinguishes the current state of the world structure from the previous one. Therefore, one cannot associate the reasons for military conflicts solely with a specific system. Mearsheimer’s ideas regarding the grounds for wars are rational and reasonable. Nevertheless, the author doubts them because of the nuclear weapon, which existed when Europe was bipolar (Mearsheimer, 2014). It was not present in multipolar order, and therefore the arguments are not valid as the atomic weapon is one of the world’s most significant forces. Mearsheimer (2014) suggested that it, not the system, could be the foremost reason for the absence of war in bipolar Europe between 1990 and 1945. The balance of power cannot affect the outbreak of war as much as the fear of nuclear annihilation. Reference Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). The tragedy of great power politics: Updated edition . WW Norton & Company.

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Media Influences Learning: Analysis Essay The question of whether media has any benefits in learning has been made and substantiated many times in the past. This has attracted a great debate, with some responders, such as Richard Clark, holding that instructional teaching methods influence learning and not media directly under any conditions. Similarly, the antagonists hold that media is molded into certain attributes of media, which instead influence learning (Clark, 1994). Various students apply these attributes of media as they are thought to enhance their cognitive process development. At the same time, protagonists such as Robert Kozma hold that media will influence learning through the application of technologies such as computers, telephones, and television in teaching and learning (Kozma, 1994). This paper, therefore, will explore Kozma’s perspective on the great media debate and provide the rationale for why Kozma’s viewpoint is favorable. An instruction method links and enhances cognitive processes that are essential in achieving learning. Clark (1994) mentions that instructional technology seeks to evaluate the necessity and type of instructional method that is vital in providing psychological support to learners in the learning process. Clark’s argument on whether media contributes positively to learning introduces the economic perspective of media and its attributes. According to Clark (1994), on the replaceability challenge, Clark asserts that if various media or their attributes lead to the achievement of the same learning outcome, then the cheapest instructional method should be employed. Clark (1994) proceeds to argue that the replaceability test explains the ability to replace a different set of media or attributes with another that is less expensive, although it leads to the attainment of similar learning results. Therefore, Clark’s argument that media has no effect on students’ learning outcomes can be justified. Kozma’s argument in the media debate brings about the concept of learning as a constructive, cognitive and social process. According to Kozma (1994), learning encompasses where learners utilize available materials to come up with new knowledge through interaction with the surroundings and integrating the new knowledge with that already in the memory. From this viewpoint, learning is perceived to be a result of integrating learners’ cognitive resources with their surrounding resources. Consequently, this brings up the concept of media and learning as the interacting force that fosters the relationship between learners’ cognitive resources and environmental resources. Media and media attributes have exemplary capabilities that enable learners to achieve cognitive resources. According to Clark vs. Kozma (2018), two pieces of research pieces of evidence came up to demonstrate the effects of media on learning. These include the thinker tools and the Jasper Woodbury Series pieces of evidence. Clark (1994) explains that the Thinker Tools are used to teach force and motion problem solutions while the Jasper Woodbury Series are used to solve mathematically related problems. The Thinker Tools, which is a computer-based learning media according to Kozma (1994), introduces four phases; motivation, evolution, formalization, and transfer phases. The motivation phase asks the learners to predict the outcomes of forces acting upon objects in the real world, while the evolution phase pairs up the learners to solve problems presented in the motivation phase. In the formalization phase, the learners have to come up with a law that explains the occurrence of their results. The transfer phase requires the learners to answer the questions asked in the motivation phase using the formulated law. The outcome of the interaction with thinker tools was compared with a control experiment of students using textbooks and traditional teaching methods (Kozma, 1994). Students who used Thinker Tools on evaluation had higher scores and significant improvement. Kozma’s argument on the Thinker Tools demonstrates the influence media has on learning. The computer presented dynamic elements that created representations of real-world objects (Kozma, 1994) and this helped the learners create a cognitive model of the objects. Similarly, the interaction with the computer, as it took learners’ input and processed it through moving the objects about, gave them the power to manipulate environmental resources with cognitive resources hence comprehending learning more. The Jasper Woodbury Series is another piece of evidence used to justify Kozma’s argument on the media debate. It is a videodisk-based mathematics problem solver used by one group in the classroom using the analogy of a boat episode and the control group uses ordinary problem-solving to the same boat episode (Kozma, 1994). Clark vs. Kozma (2018) ascertains that the video story problem group performed better in tests probing the boast episode. From the research evidence, Kozma concedes that careful integration of media in learning has positive implications as the learners can connect social contexts with real-world situations. The use of media in learning leads to the achievement of positive outcomes if the medium used is interrelated and confounding. Clark vs. Kozma (2018) avers that for media to influence learning effectively, the embedded instructional method must be appropriate to the educational media. The Thinker Tools and Jasper Woodbury Series projects observed significant learning outcomes as the computer’s capabilities and the video disk created mental representations. This enabled the integration of external resources into the cognitive processes, resulting in better problem-solving skills, retention, and knowledge comprehension. References Clark, R. E. (1994). Media will never influence learning. Educational technology research and development , 42 (2), 21-29. Dabae Lee. (2018). Clark vs. Kozma . Web. Kozma, R. B. (1994). Will media influence learning? Reframing the debate. Educational technology research and development , 42 (2), 7-19.

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Medical Diagnostics in Gynecology and Dermatology Essay In the case study, a subjective portion of the note provides a clear picture of the patient’s habitus, complaints, and anamnesis. However, it needs particularization about the last time the patient had unprotected sexual intercourse as it can help indicate the incubation period. The presence of similar skin defects at the patient’s recent sexual partners and the previous existence of similar skin defects on the patient’s skin and mucosae can define the duration of the disease and the episode number. The appearance of spread rash all over the patient’s body can indicate of duration and period of the disease. The intake of any medications, including antibiotics, for the last one month, can affect further diagnostics, tactics, and treatment plans; indicate fixed drug eruption. The patient’s anamnesis lacks gynecological questioning on menstruation details, number of pregnancies and abortions, and pregnancy prophylaxis. It is also significant to specify the patient’s travel history for differential diagnosis of chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and granuloma inguinale (Afzal, 2020). The objective notes should primarily include physical examination such as palpation of the lymph nodes because one of the significant signs of primary syphilis is regional lymphadenitis, and secondary syphilis manifests with systemic lymphadenopathy. The assessment of the skin and mucosae in the rectal area, periorbital space, mouth mucosa, examination per vaginam is also needed. Multiple chancres can occur if numerous sexual contacts with the contaminated partner during the recipient’s incubation period happened or if numerous locations of bacteria invasion during one sexual act took place. An attentive examination of oral mucosa can indicate Behçet disease if the ulcers in the mouth are painful and correlate with uveitis, skin lesions, muscular and joint pain, gastrointestinal symptoms. The diagnostic tests should include tests for syphilis (VDRL together with darkfield microscopy or direct fluorescent antibody test), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV, DNA amplification tests for chancroid, and LGV (Roett, 2020). The last instanton in diagnostic search, if all previous tests are negative, should be a histological examination of a tissue biopsy searching for Donovan bodies specific for granuloma inguinale (Kang et al., 2019). The assessment is mostly supported by objective data as tests results are the most trustworthy. A contingent of patients with STDs has peculiarities of providing false data to the doctor, and their anamnesis information should be critically evaluated. Syphilis is an appropriate diagnosis for this case, and test results can be used to confirm or reject it. It is significant to every medical worker to be concerned about syphilis; even though the disease is not spread overall, the impact on all systems and organs of the human body has dramatic consequences. Syphilis is one of the ancient diseases; still, current medicine lacks the alertness on its diagnosing as it may, for instance, mimic other oral manifestations (Dybeck Udd & Lund, 2016). As a differential diagnosis, HSV infection can be reviewed, and the differential search for it will be grouped vesicles on an erythematous background, leaving shallow ulcers (Vestergaard, 2018) afterward. Chancroid, or soft chancre, is caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, is spread in Africa and Asia, has an incubation period from 24 hours up to 15 days, and represents a painful ulcer located unilaterally (Agharbi, 2019). Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by L-serovars of chlamydia trachomatis and is spread in endemic regions of Africa, South-Eastern Asia, South, and Central America and manifests with inguinal and anorectal syndromes (Kand et al., 2019). Granuloma inguinale is caused by Klebsiella granulomatis and is endemical for South Africa, India, South China, and Brasilia, and ulcers tend to slowly enlarge and have raised rolled margins (Afzal, 2020). Behçet disease can also be used for differential diagnosis though it is a rare multisystemic disorder engaging several organs into the pathogenic process. The clinical picture is bright with painful and deep oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and non-obligatory gastrointestinal, muscle, and joint involvement (Davatchi et al., 2017). Syphilis lesions are rarely painful, have a variety of skin elements, especially in the second period, and primary ulcer has a typic induration in the basement (Kang et al., 2019). References Afzal, O. (2020). Genital ulcer disease . Obstetrics and Gynecology, 31, 253–257. Web. Agharbi, F-Z. (2019). Chancroid. Pan African Medical Journal, 33 , 1-5. Web. Davatchi, F., Chams-Davatchi, C., Shams, H., Shahram, F., Nadji, A., Akhlaghi, M., Faezi, T., Ghodsi, Z., Abdollahi, B. S., Ashofteh, F., Mohtasham, N., Kavosi, H., & Masoumi, M. (2017). Behcet’s disease: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis . Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 13 (1), 57-65. Web. Dybeck Udd, S., & Lund, B. (2016). Oral syphilis: A reemerging infection prompting clinicians’ alertness . Case Reports in Dentistry, 2016, 1–3. Web. Kang, S., Amagai, M., Bruckner, A. L., Enk, A. H., Margolis, D. J., McMichael, A. J., & Orringer, J. S. (2019). Fitzpatrick’s dermatology, 9e . McGraw-Hill Education. Roett, M. A. (2020). Genital ulcers: Differential diagnosis and management. American Family Physician, 101 (6), 355-361. Vestergaard, T. (2018). Genital herpes. Ugeskr Laeger, 180 (20), V01180024.

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Mediterranean Diet: Recipes and Marketing Essay What is a Mediterranean diet? The Mediterranean diet is perhaps the most popular gastronomy trend of the current decade. The trend has been popular for a long time and continues to gain popularity among food and culinary enthusiasts. Thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Mediterranean diet has gained wider recognition among people from different countries. The trend adopts its name from the traditional cuisine of the four Mediterranean countries: Morocco, Greece, Italy, and Spain (Papadaki et al., 2020). Although the diet is associated with slight variations from the four countries it originated from, almost every Mediterranean diet incorporates fruits, vegetables, nuts, cereals, fish, legumes, and unsaturated fats. The growing trend to adopt healthy eating habits due to the pandemic has led people to embrace the Mediterranean diet due to its simplicity in preparing and the easy availability of ingredients. The menu The proposed menu incorporates the Mediterranean diet approach by focusing on a two-course meal that will contribute to various nutritional benefits to an individual. Another important consideration of the design is time and satiety. Food preparation does not have to be lengthy, especially if the meal is more straightforward, such as an appetizer. Appetizers are initial courses that should be prepared promptly to give an individual a mouthwatering feel as they wait for the main course. The appetizer selected for the recipe is Cream of Mushroom Soup, while the main course is Boston lobster Mafaldine. Both meals are perfect examples of what a simple Mediterranean diet should look like. The selection suggests that people do not have to spend too much money eating a healthy meal. However, for the meal to resemble the perfect Mediterranean look, some factors are considered. First, the meals have to be prepared using modern culinary techniques. For the mushroom soup, the mushroom soup is prepared, and then parsley is added through foaming, while Sous Vide cooking is used for cooking the lobster for the Boston Lobster Mafaldine. Cream of Mushroom Soup Mushroom Soup ingredients are sourced from locally available grocery store items. The goal is to ensure that the recipe uses easy-to-obtain things to give interested people a straightforward approach to avail the ingredients and get straight into cooking. People do not prefer complex recipes since they use ingredients that are not locally sourced or cost too much if they are available. The ingredients for the appetizer are meant to eradicate this observation and reduce the time and money of people looking to prepare a healthy soup. The ingredients are meant for serving two people and include: * 100 g diced Cremini mushroom * 1½ tablespoons unsalted butter * ½ tablespoon plain flour * ½ cup of heavy whipped cream * 3 tbsp chopped parsley * 1 tbsp dash of black truffle * Salt to taste Cremini is preferred since it stands between the white button and the portobello mushroom. When used to prepare the soup, it will produce a meal characterized by a brown, firm texture and rich flavor. Preparation Melt butter over medium heat for 3 minutes; add diced mushroom and sauté for 3 minutes. Add a pinch of salt to the mixture and sauté for 2 minutes until the mushroom has released its juices. Stir plain flour into the mixture and sauté for 3 minutes to remove the taste of plain flour. Add water to the mushroom mixture and bring to a simmer for 8 minutes. Transfer the soup to a blender and puree on moderate speed for 3 minutes until it is smooth and thick. Return soup to pot, add in whipped cream, and stir for 1 minute. Add salt for seasoning. Garnish with parsley foam and serve. Production Flow Chart The flow chart presents a simpler illustration that shows how the workflow should proceed. It is important to follow the steps highlighted in the flow chart to prevent one from producing the wrong meal with a completely different taste. The time interval within each process is also vital to ensure that the meal being prepared is of the right quantity for the exact serving. In case an individual wants to prepare the dish for over three people, they should calculate the time in relation to the number of needed servings. For instance, since an 8-minute sautéing period is allowed for one hundred grams of Cremini mushroom, this time should be multiplied with every additional gram. If the meal being prepared is for four people, then the time will be 16 minutes. The nutritional value of the appetizer is as follows: * Calories 76 * Protein 3.4g * Carbohydrates 5.6g * Fiber 0.5g * Fat 3.4g * Cholesterol 0.8g Modern Culinary Technique: Foam The culinary foam technique is an approach that traps air bubbles within a structure made from fat, proteins, or water. Foams are part of molecular gastronomy, which involves mixing natural flavors such as fruit juices with natural gels or stabilizers such as lecithin and hand-whipped through a whipped cream canister or immersion in a blender. Examples include foamed coconut, mushroom, and espresso. To create modern foam, the interfacial tension between the air-oil stage and the aqueous stage needs to be reduced through the presence of a surfactant (Ridge, 2019). Whipped cream, marshmallows, cakes, ice cream, soufflés, mousse, and meringue are examples of foods to which the foam technique can be applied. The tiny air bubbles give foams their unique light texture. Many products use protein as the primary surface active agent, helping form and stabilize foam in the gaseous stage. Creating this kind of form employs whipping protein solutions. The existing foaming characteristics determine the likelihood of creating the thin film at the gaseous stage for larger gas bubbles to be stabilized. Sensory Element Evaluation The defining traits of any meal are the three sensory elements, texture, smell, and taste. After preparing the Cream of Mushroom Soup, an individual is presented with a creamy, fluffy, and moist-textured meal. A creamy texture is essential for improving food intake by making the mouth moist in preparation for the main course. This observation implies that the appetizer plays its role in prepping an individual for the main course. On the other hand, the smell is flavorsome and aromatic. Being that the soup is the opening course, it should serve all the functions of making an individual want to anticipate the main course. Through the aromatic and flavorsome smell, the soup is able to increase an individual’s appetite. Finally, the taste is savory, sweet, and delectable. When eating, an individual is supposed to enjoy the course, even when waiting for the main course. Additionally, this taste is effective in increasing appetite and helps control protein digestion. This will become essential when the individual is taking the main course. Resource Constraints: Cream of Mushroom Soup One can face several challenges when preparing the Cream of Mushroom Soup. The first challenge is hurried cooking which can produce unexpected results. Mushroom forms part of the ‘special’ meals that need additional caution during preparation. A slight mistake might lead to the production of the wrong meal. For instance, if one cooks the food too fast, they will prevent excess water from seeping out. If this water is maintained while cooking, there are increased chances of the food bearing a different smell or tasting entirely different. For better results, cook mushrooms low and slow. Second, it is important to use the right amount of water based on the required servings or amount of mushrooms. Water is also an important factor when preparing soup. Exact measurements lie with the chef, but the idea is not to use too much or too little water. While cooking mushrooms, many people may overcrowd the pan to incorporate different ingredients. While this may work in some cases, it is not always a good idea to overcrowd the pan. Therefore, often locate a large pan before starting to prepare the meal. Finally, the art of making foam may be challenging for some chefs, especially those who have no prior experience in the art. It is important to research to understand how to make foams quickly and effectively. Boston Lobster Mafaldine Like the appetizer course, ingredients for the main course are also sourced from locally available items. They include: * 1000 g of chopped Boston Lobster * 100 g of Mafaldine Pasta * A bowl of shredded Brussel sprout * Salt to taste Although the recipe mentions a whole lobster, the tail will be used to prepare the main course. The tail is preferred due to its richness in protein, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and omega-3. Additionally, it allows chefs to prepare food rich in health benefits such as mental health, weight loss, and reducing the risk of cancer and heart disease (Mentella et al., 2019). Preparation Preparing Lobster Mafaldini is also simple as the preparation of the appetizer course. First, lobster meat is cooked Sous Vide at 80F for 30 minutes. This is done to make the meat tender and not chewy. This illustrates the employment of another modern culinary technique with Sous Vide cooking. Next, water is brought to a boil for 8 minutes, and then Mafaldine pasta is added and allowed to boil for 10 to 15 minutes. During this time, the lobster is already ready to be fried. Butter is melted for one minute, and then the chopped lobster meat is added. The resulting mixture is sautéed for 6 minutes until it is fully cooked. Shredded Brussels sprout is then added to the mixture and sautéed for 2 minutes. The pasta is added and mixed with the mixture. The mixture is allowed to simmer for 2 minutes. Production Flow Chart Like the appetizer, following the main course steps is vital. The same observation applies to time intervals and the step-by-step guideline, as shown in the figure. The Boston Lobster Mafaldine is also rich in nutritional content as follows: * Calories 489 * Protein 34.5g * Carbohydrates 66.9g * Fiber 4.8g * Fats 2.2g * Cholesterol 0.001g Modern Culinary Technique: Sous Vide Sous Vide is borrowed from the French vocabulary for “under the vacuum.” In essence, this technique employs a similar “under the vacuum” approach whereby food is put in plastic pouches and then placed in temperature-controlled water baths (López-Alt, 2022). In some instances where restaurants use steam-filled environments to conduct Sous Vide cooking. This technique is used in cooking various foods, although the most common ones include meats, stews, and soup. The approach is employed if chefs ensure that food is evenly cooked inside and outside. The figure shows Lobster tail being cooked in Sous Vide. Sensory Element Evaluation The texture of the meal is firm and chewy, an important factor that reveals the amount of protein present in the lobster tail. On the other hand, the smell is flavorsome and eggy. Upon mixing, the eggy smell emerges from the pasta. A flavorsome smell, in this case, helps an individual retain their appetite for a long time during the course. The taste is sweeter and crispy. Another defining characteristic of the lobster tail is its taste. In this case, sweetness is produced from the taste of lean meat, while the crispy emerges from the fiber tendons. Resource Constraints: Boston Lobster Mafaldine The common challenges present when preparing Boston Lobster Mafaldine range from overcrowding, over-seasoning, overlooking the steps, and overcooking. Overcrowding, like the appetizer, is common when preparing lobster Mafaldine pasta. Overcrowding is likely to lead to the production of an unevenly cooked meal and the deprivation of other vital ingredients. To prevent this from happening, it is wise to always use a large pot for preparing lobster. The second challenge is overlooking the steps, as illustrated in the flow chart. There may be instances when an individual thinks that steps are a waste of time and goes ahead and skip one or two. Although people may have their idea of the perfect Boston Lobster Mafaldine, their final versions may differ from the current meal. Steps taken must be chronological to ensure that the final presentation is similar to the one highlighted in the image. Another challenge arises from over-seasoning, where an individual may be carried away by adding more salt to the seasoning water. It is important to get the right sizes before starting to cook. Finally, some chefs are likely to overcook their meals. Overcooking lobster can make t dry and rubbery. Marketing and Marketability Marketing a Mediterranean diet depends on three primary factors, namely lifestyle, user status, and dietary benefits. Although the gastronomy trends suggest that the diet is popular, having a poor marketing strategy is a recipe for failure. The three factors effectively allow advertisers to create a detailed market segmentation involving different users. For instance, the Mediterranean diet promotes healthy eating habits, which suggests that marketing it to people who do not follow healthy eating may not work. Therefore, the marketing approach sending the message of healthy eating will be “good health,” “longevity,” “low heart disease conditions,” and so on. Communicating this message effectively through various media channels, such as TV and print media, will likely increase awareness, allowing many people to turn to healthy eating. At the moment, the target is adults and children whose health is a critical area of concern. The mediterranean diet has strong nutritional value and benefits to those who practice it. Marketing meals in this category should popularize these values and benefits to a wider audience. For instance, meals in this category are credited with reducing the mortality rate by 25% (Mammoser, 2018). This means that people who consume a Mediterranean diet have increased chances of going beyond the life-expectancy age. This is good news for a lot of people. It also means that the Mediterranean diet is not constrained to a unique age bracket, as any individual can find the right meal to sustain them (Papadaki et al., 2020). Although this is a positive sign that could make the Mediterranean diet part of many household diets, it is vital to examine how the market responds. To do this, the target market has to be adults aged 50 years and above with a marketing message such as “to boost an individual’s health and lower mortality rate.” References López-Alt, J. K. (2022). Sous Vide cooking: How to get started . Mammoser, G. (2018). If You’re Over 65, the Mediterranean Diet Can Lower Mortality Risk by 25% . Mentella, M. C., Scaldaferri, F., Ricci, C., Gasbarrini, A., & Miggiano, G. A. D. (2019). Cancer and Mediterranean diet: A review. Nutrients , 11 (9), 2059. Papadaki, A., Nolen-Doerr, E., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2020). The effect of the Mediterranean diet on metabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials in adults. Nutrients, 12 (11), 3342. Ridge, D. (2019). What Is a Culinary Foam?

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Melanoma Treatment and Its Innovations Essay Melanoma is generally recognized as one of the cancers that have an increasing cover percentage, though it is usually diagnosed at early stages. Recently, the ways of melanoma treatment for patients with metastatic disease were so limited that many patients were practically doomed. Fortunately, melanoma therapeutics have developed for the past decade because of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Now, people with stages II and III may easily have a long period of remission. Therefore, modern options for melanoma treatment serve as a source of hope for numerous people. Indeed, innovations in the sphere of melanoma treatment are connected with the use of checkpoint inhibitors and the so-called adjuvant therapy. According to recent research, “the use of anti–CTLA-4 and anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination BRAF/MEK inhibitors for patients with BRAF V600 mutations has significantly extended survival and allowed some patients to remain in durable disease remission off therapy” (Poklepovic & Luke, 2019, p. 1166). This means that the so-called “low-risk” patients with stage IIA through IIC melanoma like Mr. B. from the question may have a long remission after receiving a special course. Still, patients in remission should better keep healthy with adjuvant therapies. A decade ago, such kind of additional treatment was frequently considered of marginal effects for earlier stage melanoma because of interferon-α2b (IFN). It turned out that “the substantial associated toxicity of that interferon and other treatments, such as the anti-CTLA4 antibody ipilimumab” (Jenkins & Fisher, 2021, p. 27). Therefore, it used to be of little trust for many efficient doctors. Moreover, as far as stage II is concerned, the lower incidence of disease progression calls for unprecedented efficacy (Rozeman et al., 2018). However, with time, adjuvant therapies became recognized in the sphere of cancer treatment. The case of Mr. B may be the one where adjuvant therapy could have prevented the biopsy from coming back to stage II melanoma. References Jenkins, R.W., & Fisher, D. E. (2021). Treatment of advanced melanoma in 2020 and beyond . Journal of Investigative Dermatology , 141(1), 23-31. Poklepovic, A. S., & Luke, J. J. (2019). Considering adjuvant therapy for stage II melanoma . Cancer, 126(6), 1166-1174. Rozeman, E.A., Dekker, T. J. A., Haanen, J. B. A. G., & Blank, C. U. (2018). Advanced melanoma: Current treatment options, biomarkers, and future perspectives . American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 19, 303–317.

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Mental Health Services for Healthcare Providers of Critical Patients Essay Introduction The provision of high-quality healthcare services during the pandemic is a critical initiative for guaranteeing the wellbeing of citizens while the needs of hospital employees are frequently neglected. The events of this nature are particularly seen in the area of mental health issues which are typical for personnel due to increased stress levels (Chirico et al., 2021). Therefore, it is important to examine the ways to prevent adverse outcomes among them while ensuring the continuity of care for critical patients. Background The selection of the topic, mental health of healthcare providers working with critical patients, is conditional upon its applicability to the needs of both patients and medical specialists. Hence, it was formulated as a challenge of a multi-faceted nature which should be a priority of corresponding organizations. For the examination of the specified problem, the suitable setting is one of the local hospitals willing to participate in the project, and the contact there will be an administrator with access to the essential information. The perceived need for this initiative is the importance of establishing new guidelines for healthcare professionals to avoid burnout or post-traumatic stress disorders, which are emphasized as the main issues stemming from workplace conditions (Chirico et al., 2021). This necessity is supported by the previous research, according to which depression, anxiety, and insomnia, alongside the issues mentioned above, present a particular threat to female nurses (Soylu et al., 2021). Therefore, it is important to assess this category of workers in the first place and develop preventive measures applicable to them as well as other healthcare providers in the future. Background of the Project The project’s topic was selected due to raising concerns related to healthcare providers’ mental health, especially during the pandemic. Although new potential infections should be properly addressed with clinicians’ focus on patients’ physical well-being, the emotional well-being of nurses is extremely important for the provision of quality healthcare (Stuijfzand et al., 2020; Soylu et al., 2021). Thus, the project aims to evaluate the provision of mental health services for healthcare providers of critical patients in a primary care facility as its setting (facility) and with Jewell Snider as the mentor. SMART Goals In order to address the challenge identified in the previous section, it is crucial to set a specific goal. In this case, it will be formulated with regard to the evidence stating that some categories of workers are more susceptible to problems in this area, and stress levels are related to a number of circumstances (Chirico et al., 2021; Soylu et al., 2021). Therefore, I will use the data received from the hospital to conclude on the most vulnerable groups of employees in terms of mental health to develop precise recommendations for preventing adverse outcomes within one week. I will create a framework applicable to the selected setting with respect to differences in specialists’ conditions within the following week. Consequently, I will spend two days discussing the findings with the administrator and decide on practical measures to be implemented within a month. Initial Project Design Figure 1. Flow chart describing the initial project design. The initial project design consists of the smart goals in the pre-determined order as per the hospital’s needs. The steps include examining the available data (sick leaves, reported problems), incorporating the findings into a comprehensive plan, and coordinating actions with the facility’s representative with the subsequent implementation of the elaborated framework (see Figure 1). In this situation, responsibility will be shared between the researcher and the administrator since the former is accountable for the precision of conclusions, whereas the latter is involved in the process of delivering information. The materials for the designed project include only the records of employees’ mental health issues and their type. Considering the stages determined for its implementation, it will take about two months. Goals First of all, the project aims to explore healthcare employees’ exhaustion, stress, burnout, compassion fatigue, and other mental health disorders that occur in the workplace. In addition, it will cover the scope of the provision of mental health assistance for them by the hospital’s services (Søvold, 2021; Cai et al., 2020). Finally, the project will evaluate mental healthcare amenities provided for critical patients by healthcare specialists during the pandemic. Need Assessment The project’s perceived needs include financial, stakeholder, patient, spiritual, facility, and funding needs. In general, the aim of the project is the evaluation of the efficacy and accessibility of mental health assistance provided for healthcare professionals and critical patients for its subsequent improvement (Chirico et al., 2021; Serrano-Ripoll et al., 2020; Greenberg et al., 2020). Thus, the improved mental health of these categories will decrease the health care system’s burden and costs, positively impact patient outcomes and interaction between the facility’s members, and contribute to individuals’ emotional, spiritual, and even physical health. In order to make decisions, allocate resources, and achieve programmatic objectives, needs will be assessed through direct observations and literature review. Stakeholders The project’s main stakeholders are psychologists, social workers, and nurses. Thus, psychologists want to support the project, social workers are not swayed either way but need to be informed, and nurses may resist due to the belief that the project may negatively impact what they do. In order to address all of them, the researcher should provide correct information concerning the research writing a letter to all stakeholders and explaining that their personal information and results will be secured. In this case, trust between stakeholders and the researcher will be established. Project Requirements and Tools In general, the project requires time, financial, and material resources, including tools and equipment, in order to accomplish its goals. First of all, the involved stakeholders’ emotional well-being will be examined by scholars before the project as a baseline to compare the project’s findings with the results. If the project’s needs are met, PERT and WBS techniques will be essential for measurements (Suryono & Hasbullah, 2020). At the same time, a Christian servant-leadership approach may be used to guide the researcher to design and implement interventions developing and optimizing performance. Leaders focus on day-to-day education, performance preparation, and the promotion of stakeholders’ personal achievements. Literature Review Available secondary data focuses on the mental health of healthcare practitioners who care for critical patients during the pandemic. Literature search strategies that include the use of keywords, phrases, and key terms will be applied. The central database for the researcher will be the online school library. The CRAAP test will be used to evaluate the reliability of resources (Esparrago-Kalidas, 2021). The inclusion criteria will be workers’ mental health – thus, articles that address it will be included, while articles with a lack of identified information will be excluded, respectively. AlAteeq et al. (2020) address the mental health of Saudi Arabian healthcare providers during the pandemic. Using questionnaires for a cross-sectional study, authors aim to assess the levels of anxiety and depression among healthcare specialists in medical facilities. According to the results, more than half of the participants experience both anxiety and depressive disorder (AlAteeq et al., 2020). This study demonstrates the necessity of addressing healthcare specialists’ individual issues along with the promotion of altruism, solidarity, and social inclusion. De Pablo et al. (2020) aim to systematize both physical and mental health issues of healthcare providers that have occurred predominantly during the pandemic. Their meta-analysis and systematic review identified the most common mental health burden of clinicians, including general health concerns, fear, psychological distress, insomnia, anxiety, burnout, PTSD, and stigmatization feelings. In general, this study describes the scope of the problem that requires an immediate solution. Di Tella et al. (2020) investigate the impact of the pandemic on Italian healthcare workers’ mental health. Using responses of 145 participants, authors find out that working with COVID-19 patients is strongly associated with healthcare providers’ high levels of PTSS and depression (Di Tella et al., 2020). In addition, women without relationships demonstrate the highest levels of mental health disorders. Thus, this study provides an insight into targeted solutions on the basis of workers’ gender, age, or marital status. A systematic review by Vizheh et al. (2020) aims to review all available materials related to healthcare workers’ mental health. Included cross-sectional studies reveal that front-line healthcare providers, nurses, younger medical staff, and female workers suffer from high levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. On the basis of this research, it is recommended for managers and policymakers to adopt encouragement, supportive, and motivational training and intervention to improve workers’ mental health. Finally, following the example of other countries, Tsamakis et al. (2020) investigate how the pandemic impacts the mental well-being of healthcare providers in Greece. In this descriptive research, the authors state that clinicians have faced unprecedented psychological pressure that led to high levels of anxiety, stress, emotional burnout, and even fear-triggered panic attacks. At the same time, researchers mention that raising concerns related to the importance of healthcare specialists’ mental well-being will lead to the development of appropriate solutions. Biblical Reflection As a healthcare worker, I realize that I am responsible for others, serve them, and put their physical and mental health as my top priority. Thus, the verses (Matthew 5:3–7) play an important role in recognizing the urge for God and my spiritual poverty. I understand that my duty is to satisfy patients’ needs according to God’s will addressing their emotional suffering (Kilbourne et al., 2018). In addition, I believe that my devoutness will help others to establish healthy relationships with God and serve Him. Project Budget 1. The financial plan is organized in a manner that allows successfully completing the project’s objectives; 2. The budget represents the monthly costs, thus, can be easily adapted to the unplanned changes in the expenses, revenues, or customer demand; Financial Principles (adopted from Principles of financial management , n.d.) 3. The latter implies that the financial plan should be often reviewed and compared to the actual performance; 4. The project seeks to operate within the predetermined budget and do not exceed it or leave certain financial and material resources unused without adequate reason; 5. The plan ensures that the project benefits are greater than the incurred costs. The total annual cost of $2658968 would allow: Cost-benefit assessment (Due to the fact that the company does not have any revenues, all the benefits are non-material) 1. Providing the service for approximately 1800 healthcare professionals who work with the critical patients; 2. Help doctors and nurses to successfully overcome stresses, depressions, and other mental problems that may occur due to the work and issues at home; 3. This, in turn, would help to improve the quality of provided services by the doctors significantly and, thus, have a positive impact on the local community. Instead of investing in mental health services, the money can be used to: Opportunity Costs 1. Increase the number of workers in the emergency rooms; 2. Invest in space enlargement (including the number of beds) or new equipment in the emergency rooms. 1. No inflation; Financial/resource assumptions 2. Sufficient budget revenues to cover costs; 3. Constant medication availability. Fixed Costs The first line of the financial plan is devoted to the description of fixed costs. The latter concept represents the expenditures that are constant throughout the analyzed period of time (Datar & Rajan, 2018). Firstly, telephone services include the mobile phone fees for two managers, which equal $200 each month. As such, it seeks to cover the phone calls that administrators would need to make to communicate with suppliers, clients, staff, and other people. Secondly, it is assumed that internet service fees will be paid by the building or facility administration where the mental health service will operate. In this regard, it is planned to pay $25 as a proportion of overall internet expenses. The internet is crucial for the project’s operations as it is assumed that part of the consultations with clients will be conducted online. Next, the offices rental is also assumed to be constant throughout the year. In total, it is planned to rent five offices for managers and personal consultants and two group consultation rooms for group mental health service providers. It may seem first that the rental space does not fit the necessity of all workers, especially considering that private consultants should occupy one office. However, calculations were made based on the assumption that employees will work in shifts and, thus, use the same office during different days. Moreover, the corporate plan of the TherapyNotes program will be purchased every month for $59 (TherapyNotes, n.d.). Finally, office and equipment maintenance is also regarded as a fixed cost, but it is less predictable than other expenses in this category (Zhang et al., 2017). It is assumed that equipment and space sustenance would require around 10% of the total investments in laptops and mobile phones and rental expenditures accordingly. Personnel Costs Personnel expenditures can be both variable and fixed costs depending on the form of payment for labor. In the case of the current project, all the expenditures are predefined, and employees will receive fixed salaries. The latter was determined as an average wage in the region, but small corrections will be made during the process of employment as the experience and qualification of the workers will be considered. As for the number of professionals, the number of six personal consultants and four group consultants was determined to effectively satisfy the yearly demand for mental health services which approximately assumed to be 1800 patients. Additionally, certain amount of money was budgeted to conduct initial personnel training. In particular, the two managers will be taught about specifics concerning the work in the sphere of mental health service and some techniques on how to manage employees and relations with clients and suppliers effectively. Furthermore, both administrators and common workers will have the training concerning the usage of the TherapyNotes program. Supplies and Investments Medical and administrative supplies are variable costs as they depend on the demand. However, for the former, the budget assumes the approximate cost of $125 every month, whereas, for the latter, the biggest expenditures will incur during the first month and be equal to $210. Moreover, every three months, $100 would be spent to ensure that there are sufficient supplies, including pencils, papers, and notebooks, all the time. During the other months, supply costs are budgeted to be $10, considering some unforeseen expenses may occur. Assessment of Proposed Solutions The proposed project evaluates clinicians’ level of stress, burnout, exhaustion, compassion fatigue, and other mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. The project’s feasibility needs to be assessed to attain reliable results and make the overall process effective. Indeed, effectiveness is one of the primary criteria in project evaluation (Glodzinski, 2018). The two methods that will be used to assess this research’s feasibility are horizontal and vertical approaches. The horizontal technique focuses on evaluating methodology, while the vertical method incorporates the influence of the stakeholders. Specifically, the horizontal approach assesses project performance in terms of social and environmental aspects, resources, responsibilities, investments, budgeting, and risk assessment (Glodzinski, 2018). The vertical technique concentrates on project maturity, governance, benefits, and inputs from stakeholders (Glodzinski, 2018). The proposal can be appraised for its effectiveness using these two approaches because the goals, resources, methods, and stakeholders are known. Thus, the pilot testing can be conducted with fewer participants through video calls. The questionnaire will be sent to all pilot study participants to receive their feedback and implement their suggestions for improvement. If the project is started and something is not working the way I envisioned, I will make specific changes to adapt to these challenges. For example, if the participants cannot come to offices, the therapy sessions may be conducted through calls or video conferences to ensure that the sample size is maintained as initially planned and everyone receives consultation. Feedback is considered an objective way to demonstrate whether the proposed solutions are helpful (Martin et al., 2019). The participants’ feedback after each session will be the primary strategy to see if the project goals are met. If the original strategy is not working, I plan to change and adapt the project according to the stakeholders’ needs. Specifically, I will ask nurses, physicians, and therapists to provide their suggestions for altering the study design. Lastly, at this point, the objectives of this research should remain the same, but if significant issues with the completion of tasks appear, the goals should be revised. Plan B Healthcare professionals have always been under increased stress, but the COVID-19 pandemic elevated this pressure. Therefore, this project strives to identify the exact number of healthcare workers with mental health issues and the quality of help. However, if the original plan for this study does not work, an alternative solution should be implemented that will require performing the entire project in an online mode using digital platforms. The new approach will allow to save budget and conduct the study even if the participants do not have the opportunity to visit consultation offices. Plan B is to perform all interviews, data collection, and help sessions using video calls, social media, and telemedicine platforms (Vizheh et al., 2020). In fact, the hospital where the study will be conducted utilizes online consultation; hence, the new approach aligns with organizational strategies. Furthermore, various mobile health applications can be introduced to remind clinicians to engage in self-care practices like mindfulness, meditation, and yoga (Vizheh et al., 2020). Notably, this plan should only be implemented in case of financial restrains and the unwillingness of many participants to go to consultation offices. Risk Assessment Since this project is focused on collecting sensitive data from healthcare workers, legal and regulatory matters should be considered to prevent the violation of the study participants’ privacy. This information is delicate because individuals with depression and anxiety may feel stressed to reveal their problems due to the fear of being stigmatized and discriminated against at a workplace (Taylor & Blackford, 2020). Legislative aspects should be revised since the law’s primary goal is to define and enforce citizens’ rights, and it is critical not to violate them in this study (Wing & Gilbert, 2007). Moreover, this project requires adequate risk assessment and strategies to make the study more effective. Thus, the confidentiality of participants’ personal information will be ensured through number coding, and the three-step risk evaluation will be performed. Confidentiality is one of the essential ethical obligations of researchers and clinical workers; hence, specific measures will be taken to ensure that the study participants’ privacy is not violated. Specifically, the names of the participants will receive the corresponding identification number that will be used in the analysis of results. This measure should be taken to prevent medical identity theft, resulting in the participants’ information being used by third parties (Showalter, 2017). Moreover, potential dangers to the project should be determined using systematic risk management that consists of three elements: risk assessment and classification, analysis, and mitigation (Barghi & Sikari, 2020). Firstly, the potential risks in case of using plan A include assaults, terrorist attacks, environmental disasters, and civil disturbances (Colling, 2001). Secondly, each threat should be assessed and ranked in the order of probability. Thirdly, the possible action plan in each situation should be proposed to ensure the study participants’ safety. Overall, adherence to law and risk assessment is critical to achieving the study goals legally and safely. Literature Review The main databases that will be used for this literature review are the online school library and Google Scholar. The search strategy that will be used is searching with keywords. The following key terms will be used: “project assessment,” “clinicians’ mental health,” “healthcare legislation,” and “risk assessment.” The sources that included these terms and were related to psychological health and project management were considered, while irrelevant papers were excluded. Furthermore, the CRAAP test, which stands for currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose, will be used to evaluate the research literature quality. Badahdah et al. (2021) focus on assessing the mind of the healthcare workers in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article was written by researchers from Oman and the United States. The study included 500 nurses and physicians from several hospitals in Oman to determine the prevalence of psychological problems (Badahdah et al., 2021). They utilized the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and WHO Well-Being Index (Badahdah et al., 2021). The results showed 75% of healthcare workers experienced mild anxiety, and 25% had moderate to severe stress (Badahdah et al., 2021). The authors recommend helping clinicians through mindfulness practices and cognitive behavioral therapy. This paper is reliable because it was published recently in a peer-reviewed journal. Barghi & Sikari (2020) discuss qualitative and quantitative methods for project evaluation. Specifically, they developed a hybrid risk assessment tool that was tested by 15 participants (Barghi & Sikari, 2020). The results showed that this technique was effective in risk identification (Barghi & Sikari, 2020). This paper was published by qualified researchers in the international peer-reviewed journal less than two years ago; thus, it can be considered credible. The book by Colling (2001) focuses on security in healthcare organizations. It discusses the basics of hospital safety, methods of clinics’ protection, and workplace violence management. Moreover, the author provides a review of particular security concerns and emergency planning. Even though this book was written two decades ago, it is still credible and relevant because the fundamental principles of security in healthcare institutions have not changed. Glodzinski (2018) presents the study results related to the project assessment framework. This research observes 13 financial, IT, and development projects in Poland. The results showed that the multidimensional approach used to evaluate these projects allowed obtaining qualitative and quantitative data about their effectiveness. Since the paper was published in a peer-reviewed journal by a credible author within the last five years, it can be viewed as reliable. Although the paper by Martin et al. (2019) was not related to healthcare workers, it was still included because it contained essential information about project assessment. This study focused on developing the online course using advice from award-winning teachers (Martin et al., 2019). The most relevant information in this article for my project is the use of feedback to check if the intended goals are met. This paper can also be considered credible because it was published within the past five years in a peer-reviewed journal by reputable authors. The book by Showalter (2017) provides an extensive review of the legislation related to healthcare administration. Indeed, this source is an objective representation of the United States’ laws and regulations about hospitals, patients, and healthcare workers. Specifically, the information about the rights and responsibilities in public healthcare, private and federal medical insurance programs, and regulations passed from the 1970s to the most recent times. The CRAPP test showed that this source is credible because it is recent, relevant, accurate, published by a reliable author, and coincides with the purpose of the project. The paper by Sultana et al. (2020) discusses the problems of burnout among clinicians during the ongoing pandemic. It identifies such stressors as workplace-related stress, long shifts, and working in quarantined areas that are responsible for sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression among healthcare workers (Sultana et al., 2020). The authors suggest promoting mental health awareness and mindfulness practices in hospitals to reduce the prevalence of burnout and stress. This article is reliable since it was published recently by qualified researchers in a peer-reviewed journal. Taylor et al. (2020) present their ideas about mental health problems in front-line healthcare workers during the pandemic. This paper highlights that the fear of stigmatization and discrimination prevents many clinicians who are stressed from seeking help (Taylor et al., 2020). Thus, the authors recommend spreading the message that healthcare workers who struggle with mental disorders can receive proper support. This article is credible since it was published in a peer-reviewed journal less than two years ago. The systematic review by Vizheh et al. (2020) presents a broad representation of the prevalence of various psychological issues among healthcare workers during the coronavirus crisis. The authors included 100 articles related to mental health problems among doctors and nurses. The results showed that the prevalence of anxiety ranged from 24% to 45% in different studies, and 12%-50% of healthcare workers had depression (Vizheh et al., 2020). The paper recommends governments and hospital administrations provide emotional support to clinicians to reduce stress. This article is credible since it was published by reputable researchers in a peer-reviewed journal, it is recent. Lastly, the book by Wing & Gilbert (2007) provides an extensive review of public health laws. The information presented ranged from the structure of the legal system and citizens’ rights to abuse of rules and malpractice. Furthermore, the authors provide reading suggestions at the end of the chapter to understand some regulations deeper. Although this book was published about 15 years ago, it still can be considered credible because many healthcare system regulations passed in the United States previously are still relevant today. Lastly, the authors are reputable, and the source is relevant to the project’s goals. Recommendations For Practice The acquired information helps to formulate specific recommendations linked to the issue under research. First of all, statistics show that healthcare workers acquired numerous health issues during the pandemic (Sultana et al., 2020). It means that their resilience declined, and they became highly vulnerable to various stressors. Under these conditions, it becomes critical to monitor the mental health of this group and introduce specific interventions to support it at the desired level. For this reason, it can be recommended to integrate mental health assessment tools and activities into the work of health units. It will help to monitor the current state of all specialists and determine the critical problems they face. Furthermore, timely intervention might help to reduce burnout and stress levels, which is also vital during the pandemic. For this reason, this recommendation seems relevant regarding the collected information. The second possible step to improve the situation in the healthcare sector is linked to the stereotypes associated with stress and mental health issues. Thus, the literature review shows that clinicians have a fear of stigmatization and discrimination related to revealing their mental health problems (Taylor et al., 2020). It prevents them from working with specialists and resolving managing stress. For this reason, it becomes vital to alter these attitudes and create the basis for cooperation between psychologists and health workers. Under these conditions, it can be recommended to introduce activities aimed at cultivating increased awareness levels among clinicians related to stress and mental health issues. It is critical to explain that stress is not normal, and it is vital to address the problem. Otherwise, the high levels of burnout and numerous psychological problems will reduce effectiveness and deteriorate outcomes. Conclusion Altogether, the project proves the critical importance of mental health issues during the pandemic. Literature review shows that clinicians face a higher risk of burnout and stress accumulation because of the complexity of working conditions and high pressure. It means that the emotional well-being of health nurses acquires the top priority as the critical factor influencing the quality of care. Under these conditions, the project’s goal can be viewed as relevant and practical. Determination of the most vulnerable groups and provision of care to them is critical regarding the pandemic and numerous adverse effects associated with it. The high level of stigmatization and fear linked to the problem also proves the significance of the selected issue and the necessity to select the most powerful tools to address it. The project offers the suggestion to improve the mental health of healthcare providers working with critical patients by studying their actual problems in this area based on a single facility. These findings will be translated into practical measures with the help of its representative, and the continuation of work in this respect will, consequently, allow learning more about the possibility to prevent adverse outcomes. Thus, the developed project is based on theoretical information at the initial stage and will lead to concrete solutions. At the same time, the project contributed to the enhanced understanding of the healthcare employees’ exhaustion, stress, burnout, compassion, and other mental disorder rates in the workplace. It is critical for the enhanced understanding of how to address the problem and what measures can be used to assist in resolving the problem and guaranteeing the best possible outcomes. In general, using information from the literature review and other credible sources, the project managed to achieve the established goals. First, the major mental health problems were investigated. Second, the scope of the mental health assistance was determined. Finally, the possibility of various interventions is discussed. Regarding the collected information, it can be recommended to continue investigating the given question as it remains relevant. It is vital to outline the major causes of growing stress and introduce practical tools to address the problem and alter health workers’ attitudes. References AlAteeq, D. A., Aljhani, S., Althiyabi, I., & Majzoub, S. (2020). Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13 (10), 1432-1437. Web. Cai, W., Lian, B., Song, X., Hou, T., Deng, G., & Li, H. (2020). A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51 , 102111. Web. Chirico, F., Nucera, G., &Magnavita, N. (2021). Protecting the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency. BJPsych International , 18 (1), 1-2. web. Datar, S. M., & Rajan, M. V. (2018). Horngren’s cost accounting: A managerial emphasis. Pearson. De Pablo, G. S., Vaquerizo-Serrano, J., Catalan, A., Arango, C., Moreno, C., Ferre, F., Shin, J. I., Sullivan, S., Brondino, N., Solmi, M., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2020). Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care workers: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275 , 48-57. Web. Di Tella, M., Romeo, A., Benfante, A., & Castelli, L. (2020). Mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 26 (6), 1583-1587. Web. Esparrago-Kalidas, A. J. (2021). The effectiveness of CRAAP test in evaluating credibility of sources. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 1 (2), 1-14. Web. Greenberg, N., Docherty, M., Gnanapragasam, S., & Wessely, S. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. Bmj , 368. Web. Kilbourne, A. M., Beck, K., Spaeth‐Rublee, B., Ramanuj, P., O’Brien, R. W., Tomoyasu, N., & Pincus, H. A. (2018). Measuring and improving the quality of mental health care: A global perspective. World Psychiatry, 17 (1), 30-38. O’Connell, S. (2020). 3 financial planning tips for an unknown future. Success. Web. Principles of financial management . (n.d.). UCLA. Web. Serrano-Ripoll, M. J., Meneses-Echavez, J. F., Ricci-Cabello, I., Fraile-Navarro, D., Fiol-deRoque, M. A., Pastor-Moreno, G., Castro, A., Ruiz-Pérez, I., Campos, R. Z., & Gonçalves-Bradley, D. C. (2020). Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277 , 347-357. Web. Søvold, L. E., Naslund, J. A., Kousoulis, A. A., Saxena, S., Qoronfleh, M. W., Grobler, C., & Münter, L. (2021). Prioritizing the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers: An urgent global public health priority. Frontiers in Public Health, 9 . Web. Soylu, V. G., Taşkın, Ö., Demir, U., &Yılmaz, A. (2021). The mental health of intensive care unit healthcare workers who care for critical patients in pandemics. Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine , 12 (8), 903-906. Web. Stuijfzand, S., Deforges, C., Sandoz, V., Sajin, C. T., Jaques, C., Elmers, J., & Horsch, A. (2020). Psychological impact of an epidemic/pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals: A rapid review. BMC Public Health, 20 (1), 1-18. Web. Suryono, Y. B., & Hasbullah, H. (2020). Analysis of new production line project improvement through critical path method (CPM), design structure matrix (DSM) and program evaluation and review (PERT). Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 1 (4), 9-17. Web. TherapyNotes. (n.d.). TherapyNote pricing . Web. Tsamakis, K., Rizos, E., Manolis, A. J., Chaidou, S., Kympouropoulos, S., Spartalis, E., Spandidos, D. A., Tsiptsios, D., & Triantafyllis, A. S. (2020). [Comment] COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19 (6), 3451-3453. Web. Vizheh, M., Qorbani, M., Arzaghi, S. M., Muhidin, S., Javanmard, Z., & Esmaeili, M. (2020). The mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 19 (2), 1967-1978. Web. Zhang, C., Gao, W., Guo, S., Li, Y., & Yang, T. (2017). Opportunistic maintenance for wind turbines considering imperfect, reliability-based maintenance. Renewable Energy, 103 , 606-612. Web. Appendices Appendix B: Assumptions The given paper was made making several critical assumptions: * The mental health of health workers will suffer during the pandemic (Vizheh et al., 2020) * Reporting stress and burnout will be linked to stigmatization and existing stereotypes (Taylor et al., 2020) * Organizations will focus on the improved quality of care because of the recommended interventions * The project will prove the relevance and importance of the issue * The literature review will justify the choice of the topic * The Biblical worldview will remain applicable to the project * The offered intervention will have a high practical value These assumptions were vital for formulating the research paradigm and conducting the study. They also helped to formulate the goals and major expectations linked to the research. In such a way, the outlined assumptions are vital for understanding the researcher’s logic and the choice of methods to analyze the problem and discuss it. Appendix C: Biblical Worldview The project rests on the Biblical ideas, which are used as the core for determining possible interventions. Thus, In Matthew 5:3-7, it is stated that the compassionate will be sanctified as God will be kind to them. Moreover, it is said that those who thirst and hunger for justice will find it and be content. It means that healthcare professionals should respond to the needs of the people they serve and help them in different situations. The verses also help to realize the researcher’s role and focus on giving hope to individuals in need. Applying these ideas to the research project, it is possible to say that healthcare specialist who has mental issues should also be assisted as this idea follows the Biblical worldview. For this reason, the project’s outcomes can be interpreted in terms of religious philosophy and are vital for society.

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Mentoring Disciples and Leaders Using Christian-Based Model Essay Although mentoring is a relatively new term within church circles, it has been practiced widely in Christian communities for years. Across many churches, spiritual coaching, directorship, discipleship, and friendship have been implemented in a mostly unstructured form, necessitating the need to formulate standard skills and methods for mentors for better outcomes. According to Mallison (1998), Christian coaching encompasses the development of disciples and leaders through sound instructions and encouragement, which are founded on God’s will and biblical teachings. The author defines Christian mentoring as “a dynamic, intentional relationship of trust in which one person enables another to maximize the grace of God in their life and service” (Mallison, 1998, p. 8). The author’s predominant theme is that mentorship is not optional if Christians intend to grow and the criticality of taking an interest in the progress of others. Christian-based mentoring integrates various spiritual components, aspects, and the bible as the principal ingredients. By presenting Jesus as the prime mentoring model, Mallison’s (1998) central premise is that Christians should be concerned in the spiritual and personal growth of others since Christianity is relational and collectivist. The author emphasizes the concepts of community and interdependence by describing “a Christian wanting to live in isolation as a pious particle” (Mallison, 1998, p. 34). However, the author’s notable refutation is that despite integrating all the critical ingredients and observing the foundational principles, Christian mentoring is futile if not underlined by a genuine desire to see the mentor advance spiritually. Mentorship and developing an interest in the spiritual and personal growth of others are indispensable if Christians are keen on growing deeper in their spirituality. For instance, Christian fellowships should allocate responsible and dependable persons to mentor new disciples due to their reliability and genuine concern for the mentees’ progress (Mallison, 1998). One of the publication’s key implications is the critical significance of a properly structured and biblically inspired coaching program. This implies that Christian mentorship models should generate disciples and leaders who then would continue propagating the gospel. Notable critiques in the book include the exclusive dependence on the bible as the source of information for analysis. Additionally, there is limited exploration of the relationship of spiritual friends and the spiritual directors with the mentors and the absent views on mentor damage. The author also accentuates his views by drawing comparisons from other works and the extensive integration of biblical insights. A question arising from the publication is how the Christian model of mentoring can remedy destructive coaching. Reference Mallison, J. (1998). Mentoring to develop disciples and leaders . Scripture Union.

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Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek Civilizations Comparison Essay There are several ways to compare and contrast the Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek civilizations. Socially, the two civilizations were very different; the Greeks were known for their strong sense of democracy, while the Mesopotamians were ruled by kings and queens. Politically, there were also major differences; the Greeks were republics, while the Mesopotamians had empires. Economically, Ancient Greece was known for its many exports, while Mesopotamia was mostly an agricultural society. Culturally, the two civilizations differed in terms of their writing systems and religions. The Greeks used an alphabet that is still in use today, while the Mesopotamians developed a cuneiform script. Therefore, there are eminently social, political, economic, and cultural differences and similarities between Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek. The social differences between the Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek civilizations were vast. Mesopotamia was a very hierarchical society, with a strict caste system in place. There was very little opportunity for social mobility, and the powerful ruled over the masses with an iron fist. Ancient Greece, on the other hand, was much more egalitarian. People were able to move up in status if they were talented or ambitious, and democracy was practiced in many city-states (Adams 35). This resulted in a much more prosperous society overall. Similarly, Ancient Greece was a much more democratic society than Mesopotamia. In Athens, for example, all male citizens had the right to vote and participate in government. Wealthy citizens could not buy their way into office; they had to be elected by their peers. Mesopotamian society was much more stratified; at the top were the rulers and priests, followed by a small number of wealthy landowners (Adams 43). The vast majority of people were slaves or peasants who worked the land. There was no concept of democracy in Mesopotamia; instead, society was ruled by a small elite group who claimed divine authority. Both Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek civilizations exhibited a great deal of social similarity. For example, both were patriarchal societies in which women had few rights and were largely confined to the home. In addition, both societies placed a high value on warfare and physical prowess and considered martial prowess to be one of the key markers of manhood. There were also some key differences between these two civilizations. One major difference was that the Ancient Greeks were far more egalitarian than the Mesopotamians (Frahm 119). This is evidenced by the fact that in Ancient Greece, women could own property, engage in business, and even participate in politics. Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek civilizations were strikingly similar in terms of their social structures. Both were based on hierarchies in which people were divided into classes according to their wealth, power, and status. However, the two civilizations differed in terms of their religious beliefs. The Mesopotamians believed in a pantheon of gods, while the Ancient Greeks believed in a single god who governed the world. The two civilizations differed in their political structures; Mesopotamia was a theocracy, while Greece was a democracy. Mesopotamia’s theocracy meant that the gods were responsible for guiding the human king in carrying out his responsibilities. In contrast, Greek democracy placed ultimate power in the hands of all free male citizens (Frahm 117). This resulted in decisions being made through discourse and voting, as opposed to divine guidance. The two civilizations differed in their political structures. Mesopotamia was a theocracy, while Ancient Greece was a republic. In Mesopotamia, the king was considered to be the representative of the gods on Earth. He had absolute power and controlled all aspects of society (Frahm 111). In Ancient Greece, by contrast, citizens had the right to vote and to participate in government. There were also many different city-states, each with its laws and customs. This allowed for a great deal of diversity and debate. Similarly, both cultures were polytheistic, with a pantheon of gods and goddesses who controlled all aspects of human life. They also shared similar architectural styles, with temples and palaces constructed similarly. The most significant similarity between these two cultures is their approach to warfare (Adams 55). Both Mesopotamians and Ancient Greeks believed that a victorious battle could bring great rewards, not only for the victors but for the entire city or nation. This led to highly strategic wars fought by armies of brave soldiers who valued their honor above all else. Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek civilizations were outstandingly similar in their political structures. Both were considered city-states, and each city was ruled by a king who had complete authority within his domain (Frahm 121). Citizens of the city were required to obey the king’s decrees, and disputes between cities were often resolved through warfare. The major difference between these two civilizations was in their religious beliefs. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, while the Ancient Greeks only believed in one god, Zeus. This difference led to different attitudes towards warfare – the Mesopotamians fought for religious reasons, while the Ancient Greeks fought for political reasons (to expand or protect their territory). The two civilizations had some political similarities in that they were both led by powerful kings, and their economies were based largely on agriculture (Frahm 115). However, the Mesopotamian civilization was considerably more advanced than the Ancient Greek civilization. For example, the Mesopotamians developed writing, while the Ancient Greeks did not. Additionally, the Mesopotamians had a more complex system of government, with a large number of social classes and a complex legal system. The main economic difference between the Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek civilizations was that the Mesopotamians were a more mercantile society while the Ancient Greeks were more focused on agriculture. The Mesopotamians were merchants who traded goods such as textiles, spices, and metals. They built their economy on the principle of credit and debt, which led to a high level of commercial activity. The Ancient Greeks, on the other hand, were farmers who grew their food (Heriyanto 95). They did not have as strong a trading economy and instead focused on developing their political and artistic cultures. The ancient Mesopotamian and Greek civilizations were two of the most influential in history. Though they share some similarities, there are several key differences between them. Mesopotamia was an early example of a centrally planned economy. Central planners decided what goods would be produced, how much of each good would be produced, and what prices would be charged. This caused shortages and surpluses of goods, as well as widespread corruption. In Ancient Greece, by contrast, many different city-states had their independent economies (Heriyanto 75). There was no central authority dictating what should be produced or how much should be produced; rather, merchants and traders decided what to sell based on the products available. The two civilizations had different cultural beliefs that led to different economic systems. In Mesopotamia, there was a strong belief in gods and goddesses, which led to the creation of temples and religious ceremonies. This led to a strong sense of community and cooperation, which helped create a thriving economy (Adams 33). In ancient Greece, on the other hand, there was a belief in human rationality and individualism. This led to the development of philosophy and democracy, which helped create a prosperous society. Another difference between these two civilizations is their respective attitudes toward warfare. The Mesopotamians were a warrior culture, and war was an integral part of their society (Frahm 109). Homer’s Iliad, which recounts the Trojan War, is an example of this type of literature. The Ancient Greeks, on the other hand, were not a warrior culture. The ideal citizen in a Greek city-state participated in politics and cultivated his mind and body. The Mesopotamian sculpture is characterized by its realism and its emphasis on the power and strength of the human figure. Another key difference between these two cultures is that the Greeks placed a strong emphasis on individualism and self-expression, while Mesopotamian culture was more focused on maintaining social order and tradition. There are several cultural similarities between the Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek civilizations. For example, both cultures were highly patriarchal, with men holding power in both the private and public spheres (Frahm 107). Both cultures were also quite advanced in terms of their technological developments; for example, the Greeks were some of the first people to develop a system of writing. On the other hand, the Mesopotamians were responsible for developing some of the earliest forms of mathematics and astronomy. In conclusion, Mesopotamian and Greek civilizations may be compared and contrasted in a variety of ways. Greeks were famed for their strong sense of democracy, whereas Mesopotamians were controlled by kings and queens. Conversely, Mesopotamia was ruled by a theocracy, whereas a democratic system ruled Greece. Ancient Greece was well-known for its various exports, but Mesopotamia was mostly an agricultural culture. Aside from language and religion, the two civilizations were culturally distinct. Cuneiform writing was established by the Mesopotamians, whereas the Greek alphabet is still in use today. Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek civilizations were strikingly similar in that each city-state was headed by a monarch who exercised absolute power over his territory. A commonality across societies is that males had authority in both the private and public arenas. Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek society, politics, economy, and culture are different and similar to one another. Works Cited Adams, Robert McC. The Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico . Routledge, 2017. Frahm, Eckart. “The Perils of Omnisignificance: Language and Reason in Mesopotamian Hermeneutics “ Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History , vol. 5, no. 1-2, 2018, pp. 107-129. Heriyanto, Dodik Setiawan Nur. “The Use of Immunity Doctrine in Commercial Activities in Mesopotamia and Ancient Greece.” Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, vol. 6, no. 2 S1, 2017, pp. 70-110. Web.

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Michele Obama’s Speech: A Rhetorical Analysis Essay The study of what rhetorical tools public personalities use in their speech can be a beneficial aspect to study. With its help, people can get an understanding of how, when, and where people can use rhetorical components. This work aims to study Michelle Obama’s opening remarks at the White House Convention on Food Marketing to Children. The main message of the First Lady was to draw attention to the suppression of the advertising of unhealthy food to minors. In addition, the main appeals that Obama uses are logic and emotional. The first aspect of rhetoric used in this speech is logic. It implies the justification and reasons for a particular action or event. Michele Obama stated that “between 2008 and 2011, obesity rates among low-income preschoolers dropped in 19 states and territories across the country” (Read Michelle Obama’s Speech on Food Marketing para. 10). Therefore, Obama provides a justification of how important it is for television changes to encourage a proper lifestyle among the younger generation. The next valuable component of rhetoric in the studied speech of the first lady is the emotional aspect. Thus, Obama emphasizes that “while we have made important progress, when one in three kids is still on track to develop diabetes, and when the diet has now surpassed smoking” (Read Michelle Obama’s Speech on Food Marketing para. 11). In this case, Michele Obama points to the positive results already achieved while also highlighting that children are still at risk. In conclusion, this work was engaged in analyzing Michelle Obama’s speech on the topic of the harm of the media for introducing the younger generation to healthy habits. To better convey the main idea, the first lady used such components of rhetoric as logic and emotion. They helped to better form and give important information, gave the speech solidity, and improved the audience’s ability to persuade. Works Cited “Read Michelle Obama’s Speech on Food Marketing.” Grub Streets , 2013, Web.

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Microsoft Power BI Software’s Features Essay Microsoft Power BI overview Data visualization enables the transformation of abstract measurable data into a visual representation in the form of tables, charts, graphs, and matrices (Bhargava et al. 1; Qin et al. 2). Microsoft Power BI is an intriguing data visualization tool (Bansal and Upadhyay 14; Hadhoud and Walid 5). Power BI consists of various components that are available on the market separately and can be purchased and used independently, such as Power BI Desktop, Power BI Embedded, Power BI Gateway, and Power BI Mobile Apps. When it was first sold In 2010, Microsoft came up with the concept for this tool. In July 2011, it was made publicly available for download under the name “Project Crescent.” It took three months for the Office 365 add-in to be published under the new Power BI brand (Senter 44). After that, Power Pivot, Power Query, and Power View were thereafter exclusively accessible as Microsoft Excel add-ins (Becker and Gould 185). Power BI Gateway was integrated with various features, such as enterprise-level data connectors and security settings. Power BI was then released for sale with all its current full-fledged features for the first time on July 24, 2015. Today, Power BI remains a popular data visualization tool. Main customers Firms in the professional services sector are the largest customer group (16.3%), followed by the manufacturing sector (13.2%), the financial services sector (8.6%), and the healthcare sector (7.1%). Others include the retail sector (6.3%), the oil and gas sector (5.5%), and the education sector (5.2%) (Microsoft Power BI). The top 5 companies that use Microsoft are Walmart, Apple, McKesson, Berkshire Hathaway, and GEICO (Microsoft Power BI). Hence, Power BI has an extended customer segment. Key strengths of Power BI Power makes creating straightforward dashboards and dynamic reports a breeze. Power BI is known for its customizable dashboards, which can be tailored to a company’s unique needs (Becker and Gould 185). There are also interactive and intuitive visualizations included in the bundle. Drag-and-drop capabilities may also be used to quickly create bespoke reports (Microsoft Power BI). It also provides access to data that is updated in real-time. Therefore, the dashboard shows and updates a user’s visualizations as new data is streamed in. Weakness of Power BI Power BI is not designed for analyzing complicated table-to-table connections. Power BI might not be able to handle intricate table connections. Second, while Power BI allows you to modify your visualizations, it does not give users many options (Becker and Gould 185). This limits its utility. Top five most interesting features of non-tableau data visualization Power BI contains an interactive Power BI desktop that enables users to access data easily and produce reports. The software is simple to learn and utilize (Lyon 167). The second interesting feature is the Pivot Point. In-memory data models are created by importing and combining diverse datasets from various sources. As a result, by combining data from different sources, functional users can quickly increase the total value. Another significant feature is query power. This component seeks data from various corporate data sources or on the internet and then inserts it into an Excel table in a fluid manner (Mahajan and Gokhal 200). In addition, Power View is necessary for interacting with and seeing data (Lyon 167). It is constructed in this way to emphasize and cross-filter the data (Khalid and Zeebaree 65). Finally, depending on the complexity of the data, the Power Bi tool gives a default standard that is generally insufficient for enterprises. As a result, it provides bespoke, visualized dashboards. Does non-Tableau data visualization have any uses that Tableau does not? Power BI does not have any uses that Tableau does not have. Comparing the two, it appears that both can display data visualizations from multiple reports (Akhtar 29). However, Power BI only has an edge when it comes to ease of use and real-time access to data (Becker and Gould 185). When it comes to speed and the capacity to deal with complex data, Tableau is the clear winner. Works Cited Akhtar, Nikhat, et al. “Data Analytics and Visualization Using Tableau Utilitarian For COVID-19 (Coronavirus).” Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, vol, 3, no. 2, pp. 28–50. Bansal, Amrapali and Ak Upadhyay. “Microsoft Power BI.” International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, vol 7, no. 3, 2017, 14-20. Becker, Louis and Elyssa Gould. “Microsoft Power BI: Extending Excel to Manipulate, Analyze, and Visualize Diverse Data.” Serials Review , vol 45, no. 3, 2019, pp. 184-188. Bhargava, Mandava, et al. “Analysis and Design of Visualization of Educational Institution Database using Power BI Tool.” Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology , vol. 18, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1-9. Khalid, Zhwan and Subhi Zeebaree. “Big Data Analysis for Data Visualization: A Review.” International Journal of Science and Business, vol 5, no. 2, 2021, pp. 64-75. Lyon, William. “Microsoft Power BI Desktop: A free and user-friendly software program for data visualizations in the Social Sciences.” Historia, vol.64, no.1, 2019, pp. 166-171. Mahajan, Kirti and Leena Gokhal. “Advanced Charting Techniques of Microsoft Excel 2016 Aiming Visualization.” International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, 2019, pp. 198-200. Microsoft Power BI. “List of Microsoft Power BI Customers.” Apps Run the World , 2022. Qin, Xuedi, et al. “Making Data Visualization More Efficient and Effective: A Survey.” The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases , vol 1, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1-12. Senter, Bruce. Case Studies of Accounting Concepts and Methodologies . 2019. Oxford, PhD dissertation.

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Mid-Life Crisis in Tolstoy’s My Confession Essay Life on its own is a complex notion that includes many stages, aspects, and problems. As a person passes subsequent stages of development, previous issues become less important, leaving room for new matters and concerns. In this regard, a mid-life crisis is a serious occurrence affecting most people who reach this point in life. As can be inferred from its name, this crisis emerges at an approximate middle point of an average lifespan when youth is in the past and the second half of life is approaching. At this stage, an individual is likely to reflect upon their past experiences and question their previous choices. Once enjoyable activities begin to lose their importance, and the future prospect may appear daunting. In pursuit of the elusive youth, people experiencing a mid-life crisis tend to make questionable decisions. Furthermore, their personal philosophy moves further away from materialistic matters as they reflect and discuss more sophisticated ideas. This paper reviews Leo Tolstoy’s My Confession as an illustration of the inner struggle experienced by a man in his mid-life crisis. While his faith-based solutions meet these needs, it is not and cannot be limited to the Christian religion. Tolstoy wrote My Confession when he was of an age that is currently perceived as “middle”. In this short essay, the famous Russian author reflects upon his literary career and life experiences as he becomes older. By that point, he had already attained great success as a master of literature, having published several prominent pieces. However, as he overtly admits, most of this work served to make a living for him and his family. In other words, Tolstoy’s literary pursuit relied on materialistic motivation in terms of earning money and status. In addition, his career was a sufficient distraction from having to seek meaning in life. Authorship occupied a considerable portion of Tolstoy’s time, leaving little or no room for contemplating more sophisticated matters. Furthermore, amid the age when religion was of major significance for Europe, Tolstoy, as an author, remained loyal to facts and science. Ultimately, the author faced an imminent crisis of meaning at the figurative middle point in life. This crisis experienced by Tolstoy originated from his concentration on literature throughout most of his existence. In My Confession, it shortly becomes clear that authorship was neither a passion nor a destiny for Tolstoy. Instead, he openly refers to it as a “waste of time”, admitting that he continued on this path merely for materialistic reasons (Tolstoy, 2018, p. 7). In other words, he wrote to be famous and wealthy and ultimately accomplished this objective. Nevertheless, as Tolstoy passed the middle point of his life, materialistic wealth had not ensured his full satisfaction. He earned his money and his name became well-known both in Russia and abroad. However, he began to consider the futility of this pursuit and the overarching purposes of his authorship. Having attained material satisfaction, he found his spiritual needs unmet. Thus, Tolstoy encountered a mid-life crisis of meaning, knowing what he accomplished but questioning whether it was worth it. This way, the famous author found his previous satisfaction temporary and even futile. Tolstoy reflected upon his feelings and experiences, ultimately deciding that his life lacked a spiritual component. While seeking an effective solution to the crisis, he remembered that his previous steps were dictated by rational knowledge. Tolstoy (2018) inferred that this knowledge provided him with facts but failed to ensure the meaning of life. Therefore, he sought answers in the so-called irrational area, which is faith. Tolstoy accepted the tenets of Christianity, considering the central concepts and of religion on a more profound level. He became convinced that science and logic do not suffice to fathom life’s intricate, complex, and multi-faceted nature and its meaning. Consequently, Tolstoy expected religion to bring him closer to the true purpose of life, which was no longer limited to material goods. In other words, Leo Tolstoy took a strictly theistic stance on this philosophical matter. For him, the answer to the meaning of life lay in God’s realm and the teachings of Christian philosophers. Evidently, as a free, educated person, he had the right to choose this path toward understanding the meaning of life. However, the ultimate presentation of theistic values as the absolute source of truth, meaning, and fulfillment does not align with the pluralism of opinion valued by society. For example, an atheistic opponent could reasonably argue that, unlike science and facts refuted by Tolstoy, faith is not substantiated by solid evidence. Therefore, this could be an instance of wishful thinking that does not provide true meaning to life. Instead, its overall uncertainty creates room for interpretations, through which a person can draw convenient conclusions that create an artificial sense of fulfillment. Furthermore, the desperate pursuit of religious solutions to a crisis of meaning makes people vulnerable to the malicious intents of those who wish to exploit them. In spite of the general controversy regarding the solution for which Leo Tolstoy advocates, the very nature of this reading is thought-provoking. It is incredibly valuable to examine the inner monolog of a man who encounters a severe crisis of meaning by age 50. Furthermore, Tolstoy is a wealthy and famous person of his time, which indicates that neither money nor status provides immunity to such an occurrence. These ideas remain relevant today, as modern society’s mid-life crisis is a common development. Similar to Tolstoy, many people remain in an ongoing pursuit of wealth, status, and success in both their professional and personal lives. Nevertheless, they are equally likely to encounter a severe crisis of meaning. In fact, the likelihood of the occurrence is higher today as the world becomes more competitive, intense, and demanding. The current lifestyle, especially in urban areas, encourages ambitious people to be in constant pursuit of new heights, always raising the bar. Under such circumstances, more individuals eventually review their past experiences and realize that they still lack fulfillment and meaning. As a result, the search for an effective solution to a mid-life crisis of meaning is a matter of paramount importance today. For Tolstoy, the key lay in faith and God, as the ultimate source of spiritual fulfillment, as opposed to materialistic goods. Today, this perspective retains its importance, as religion is integral to most developed societies. Nevertheless, it appears more fitting to expand the scope of solutions initially introduced by Leo Tolstoy. More specifically, he limits it to the tenets of religion and Christianity in particular. It goes without saying that the world’s religions are not limited to it. Furthermore, faith is not necessarily associated with conventional religion. Having faith implies that a person has strong beliefs that provide them with meaning and purpose. In addition to God, one can also believe in oneself, their family, interests, friends, and a range of noble missions from charity to social activism. Every person is free to believe in God, but there are other sources of faith in this world. In this regard, a mid-life crisis can, indeed, be addressed through Tolstoy’s solution, although it requires further development to be universal. Reference Tolstoy, L. (2018). My confession. In E. D. Klemke & S. M. Cahn (Eds.). The meaning of life (4 th ed). Oxford University Press.

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Minstrels’ Influence on the Spread of Racism Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Reaction to the minstrel show 3. Blacks as minstrels and different from whites 4. Did objects of intolerance help achieve tolerance? 5. Black people dehumanization in the Jim Crow museum video 6. My feelings on blackface imagery 7. Conclusion 8. Works Cited Introduction The histories of racism and negative stereotypes directed at Black Americans are often discussed in the CBS Sunday Morning and Jim Crow Museum shows. For instance, the CBS Sunday Morning Segment video demonstrates how minstrel shows allowed black and white performers to paint their faces black generating racism (CBS Sunday Morning, n.p.). Conversely, the Jim Crow Museum video helps disclose the history of Blacks’ racism through various artifacts (Jim Crow Museum, n.p.). The essay analyzes how racism arose through Blackface minstrelsy and imagery. Reaction to the minstrel show I believe that the minstrels put pressure on white Americans to change their skin color artificially. At the same time, black Americans had to darken their skin more. According to minstrel plays, black Americans were lazy and stupid, and their images often became objects of ridicule (Jim Crow Museum, n.p.). These shows made black Americans appear inferior and uneducated, and they took less essential roles in society. This generated adverse stereotypes and beliefs that yielded continued slavery and the emergence of segregation and discrimination against Blacks. Blacks as minstrels and different from whites Ideally, it was different for Blacks to be minstrel performers as opposed to Whites, as they demeaned themselves and showed how less important they were in society. The black minstrel performers misused themselves by being inferior to keep the audiences happy (CBS Sunday Morning, n.p.). Like the Blacks on buses, black minstrels were compelled to participate in their own victimization by choosing to demonstrate their weaknesses and how they were different from the Whites, leading to widespread racism. Did objects of intolerance help achieve tolerance? Racial understanding and race relations in America were developed and improved by using objects of intolerance to teach tolerance. The negative caricatures and disturbing artifacts developed to portray Black people within the museum were crucial in raising awareness on the existence of racism (Jim Crow Museum, n.p.). Therefore, this approach helped people determine the best ways to overcome racism to create a better society where every individual is respected and valued. Black people dehumanization in the Jim Crow museum video The Jim Crow Museum video shows how Black people have been dehumanized in every aspect of their lives. Blacks have been dehumanized in games like African Dodger, where they were required to stick their heads through holes and individuals would throw balls at their faces. In toys, Blacks are portrayed as targets and victims, where they dance and can be manipulated and abused by users. Based on the media, mainly movies and caricatures as advertisements, Mammy was used to dehumanizing black women by portraying them as dark, unattractive, desexualized, and loyal to faults. Consequently, Mammy’s face was placed on kitchen-related items and breakfast foods (Jim Crow Museum, n.p.). The Blacks’ dehumanization can be related to the Blackface Minstrelsy tradition, which demonstrates that African Americans are inferior, making it normal and fun to be punished and mistreated to keep other people happy. My feelings on blackface imagery The videos irritate me because the problem of Blackface imagery continues to exist and is offensive. This reveals the dark past when African Americans were considered inferior and subject to racism and discrimination; hence should be abandoned. The imagery discloses the painful history of mocking the non-white population in society (CBS Sunday Morning, n.p.). Therefore, the contemporary Blackface imagery widens racism, inhibiting minority groups, mainly blacks, from obtaining equal opportunities like the Whites. Unfortunately, this has the effect of preserving white supremacy of culture and opportunity; clearly, this is unethical and wrong. Instead, the members of society should focus on supporting equality while empowering each person, regardless of their race to feel valued and respected. Conclusion Minstrel shows created racism and discrimination against blacks because they were considered inferior to whites. However, the creation of the Jim Crow Museum helped people understand what racism is and how to control it. In addition, Blackface’s image should be avoided to create a society in which all people feel equal, respected, and valued. The CBS Sunday Morning video demonstrated that Blackface as a phenomenon promoted white supremacy, not helping to destroy racism. Works Cited CBS Sunday Morning. “Blackface: A cultural history of a racist art form.” YouTube , 2018. Jim Crow Museum. “The Jim Crow Museum.” YouTube , 2013.

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Misrepresentation of Autism in the ‘Music’ Film Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of Music and its Perpetuated Biases 3. Role of Pop Culture in Harmful Messaging 4. Re-designing Music 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Media, including books, films, news, and music, contains messages. In some cases, the messaging of a media piece is apparent; in others, it might require prolonged discussion and consideration. Meanings can be placed both intentionally and unintentionally, being an inherent part of the author’s understanding of the world. Popular media, and pop culture, as its extension, similarly translates certain meanings to its audience. Widely-known films, books, and songs work as primary mediums for forming a common understanding of the world, its principles, and its people. However, the conception of the world provided by media is not always accurate to its real state or representative of more complicated aspects of the human condition. There is a palpable difficulty in making pop culture media that is both socially or intellectually apt and accessible to a large audience. For this reason, it is vital to examine and critically discuss the messaging inherent to popular culture. In some cases, pop culture can perpetuate wrongful assumptions of its creators or contribute to existing societal stereotypes. In the present discussion, a specific piece of media will be examined as an example of harmful pop culture. In particular, I would like to examine a recently produced film called Music . Released in January 2021, the film severely underperformed and saw generally negative reviews. There are a number of reasons behind this development, most of which will be discussed. Furthermore, the work will touch on the effects of harmful stereotypes in media and attempt to re-design and improve Music . Overview of Music and its Perpetuated Biases Music is a drama/musical, produced by a popular singer and songwriter, Sia. It features a core cast of two sisters – Zu and Music, trying to reconnect and learn to live as a family. The latter of the two is a young girl on an autism spectrum, with the former being her legal guardian. Both women face their own unique problems, having to come together in order to lead more happy and fulfilling lives. The movie often changes the perspective from a mundane portrayal of life to musical scenes. The colorful, loud, and active portions of the film are meant to simulate Music’s perception of the world. As mentioned, the film was not received well upon its release, with low revenues and scores. The COVID-19 pandemic can partially explain the lack of attendance. However, the severe audience backlash stems from a completely different issue. The portrayal of autism and autistic people in the movie is incorrect and harmful to real individuals with autism. As described by many detractors, stimming and movements portrayed by Music’s neurotypical actress were severely exaggerated (Kellogg, 2021). Both the behaviors and physical actions of Music play into common stereotypes about autistic people and do not represent their real experiences. The restraining methods utilized in some films are recognized by the community and medical organizations as unnecessary and harmful (Kellogg, 2021). Furthermore, there were also many technical problems with the film that invoked criticism from the neurodivergent community. The musical scenes used many flashing lights, strobe effects, and loud noises, all of which can be difficult to process by autistic individuals. The person starting a petition about the film noted that the experience of watching it overwhelmed them (Albert, 2021). Another technical issue plaguing the production stemmed from the lack of actual autistic people involved in filming, acting, or other parts of the piece. The only organization Sia used as a reference in her work was Autism Speaks, a group notorious among the autistic community. While the film was not centered on the topic of autism as its message, the stereotype-heavy portrayal and a lack of research make it a harmful piece of media. The movie misinforms the public about the lives, experiences, and behaviors of autistic people. Additionally, it also teaches them to respond incorrectly to meltdowns. For the autistic community, the film stands as another half-hearted attempt at representation, lacking the proper research or care to truly do the topic justice. Aside from simply producing no social value, watching the film can be visually overstimulating for neurodivergent people as well, creating a threat to physical wellness. Role of Pop Culture in Harmful Messaging As per the introductory paragraph, pop culture plays a central role in shaping the world’s common understanding. It exists as a facet of art, a source of information, and a publicly available discussion about the world people live in. This means, effectively, that any potentially harmful messages can spread easily through pop culture. Due to being in a unique position of influence, it is necessary to hold popular media to account while also understanding its limits in spreading the right kinds of information. The popularization of culture partially relies on existing trends in society, its development, as well as the specific group where a media becomes popular. Stereotypes, as a part of persistent belief based on culture or prejudice, act as a significant determining factor in a piece of media getting popular. A film or book that plays into the common understanding of an issue, or centers its discussion on it, can have a much easier time becoming popular than its more nuanced counterparts. In this way, popular media is constructed partially through stereotypes, having a limited capacity to disprove them. The central conceit of pop culture as being informed by the ideas of society surrounding it, however, does not shield media from responsibility. It is necessary for both consumers and producers of pop media to be aware of the potentially harmful messages in popular culture, exercising care and caution in interacting with them. As a viewer, it is necessary to constantly challenge one’s preconceptions of the world, attempting to see various perspectives on an issue in order to come to a better understanding of it. In the case of subjects such as autism, listening and platforming autistic individuals is the best choice. This solution both improves the visibility of a marginalized community and gives direct perspectives on many topics readily available. Re-designing Music If I could change Music, I would start with a number of managerial and organizational decisions. It is necessary to involve the autistic community in the production of the film in order to help reach better accuracy, avoid harmful stereotypes, and receive any other necessary feedback. Next, a neurodivergent person should play the role of an autistic girl. This casting choice can achieve two different goals – reinforce the role of the film as a positive force for autistic representations and achieve a more nuanced portrayal. In most areas of work, autistic people face difficulties seeking employment, and using autistic actors in production could be the necessary step toward solving this problem. Additionally, toning down the flashiness of musical scenes in order to make them more accessible is an obvious change. Moving on from the subject of production, the writing and research that went into the film also have to be improved. More research into proper interactions with autistic people, their issues, and methods of response is crucial. In terms of the plot, changes beyond improving the portrayal of the autistic lead need to be made. While framed as both complicated and loving, the relationship between the sisters comes across as deeply dehumanizing. This issue can be solved by involving autistic people in the writing process. Conclusion In conclusion, popular media exists as a tool for understanding the world while also being a product of its creation. Many types of pop culture, including movies, are being made with problematic or dangerous messages, leading to real-life harm to certain groups. The problem becomes more apparent when issues of presentation affect marginalized communities, which have historically enjoyed lesser attention than others. It is necessary to understand the existence of harmful messaging while minimizing its quantity in pop culture (Barrio et al., 2020). In the present discussion, the topic of the film Music , produced and directed by Sia, was brought up. The film strove to tackle subjects of familial relationships, self-improvement, and autism. However, its presentation of the latter caused major pushback against the film. Riddled with major inaccuracies and problems, it stands as a prime example of a piece of pop culture containing harmful stereotypes. Many parts of the production have to be changed to remedy the movie’s problems and make it a deserving example of autistic representation. References Albert, O. (2021). Sia’s “Music” receives backlash from the local and International Autism communities . The Lantern. Web. Barrio, B. L., Hsiao, Y.-J., Kelley, J. E., & Cardon, T. A. (2020). Representation matters: Integrating books with characters with autism in the classroom. Intervention in School and Clinic , 56 (3), 172–176. Web. Flower, R. L., Dickens, L. M., & Hedley, D. (2021). Barriers to employment: Raters’ perceptions of male autistic and non-autistic candidates during a simulated job interview and the impact of Diagnostic disclosure. Autism in Adulthood , 3 (4), 300–309. Web. Kellogg, K. (2021). Sia’s new film “Music” isn’t just a bad representation of autistic people; it’s downright dangerous. Rooted in Rights. Web.

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Missouri’s War Against Invasive Feral Swine Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Origin of the Issue 3. Threat to Local Flora and Fauna 4. Elimination 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction Feral swine are a major destructive, invasive, and non-native species in Missouri. They have boosted their geographical range to 38 states within the US within 30 years (USDA, par.3). Their populations are ingrained in central and southern Missouri counties, including large swaths of the Mark Twain Forest. These invasive animals adversely affect the abundance and distribution of native animals and plants. They have the potential to reduce the recreational opportunities evidenced in the area for visiting individuals if they are left unchecked. Origin of the Issue The feral swine issue in Missouri started in 1969 when the state legislature put a closed range law that eliminated free-roaming livestock. In this period, many individuals preferred recreational feral swine hunting, a popular sport in the 1990s (USDA, par.13). Simultaneously, special interest groups started rearing European wild boar as a different food source and entertainment alternative, providing a new game species. Unfortunately, various feral swine escaped captivity while others were intentionally released on public land to provide hunting populations (Davis, par.5). Missouri not only permitted feral swine hunting in this period but encouraged individuals to conduct the activity. It is important to discern that feral swine are prolific and highly adaptable breeders. Due to this high reproductive capacity, their number quickly rose as they expanded to previously void areas of feral swine. These animals travel in groups known as Sounders and proved worthy adversaries of the state’s wildlife management services (USDA, par.14). Killing one or two individuals proved ineffective as they reproduced fast, making it difficult to dent their overall population. However, the state discerned that trapping feral swine was the most effective elimination method as it elicited the highest number of sounders compared with other eradication methods. Threat to Local Flora and Fauna Feral swine are a major problem as they eat almost anything. As a result, they lead to habitat destruction and outcompete the local fauna for food. Due to their diverse food, they survive better and have a greater capacity to reproduce. It is also necessary to determine that feral swine are a risky species that can transmit illnesses to other wild and domestic animals. They are a public nuisance and exhibit aggressive tendencies towards livestock, wildlife, and human beings (USDA, par.9). In this manner, this invasive species has been instrumental in contributing to a decline in the survival rate of endangered and threatened species in Missouri. Additionally, these animals spend a considerable amount of time wallowing and rooting, greatly contributing to soil compaction, soil erosion, lower water quality, weaker soil structure, and adversely affecting hay fields and agricultural crop production in the state. Feral swine are also detrimental to Missouri’s flora and fauna because of their effects on air and soil quality. By devastating these important factions, they affect every organism within the state. Feral swine devastation results in damages that have been estimated at close to $1.5 billion every year (USDA, par.10). These costs are linked to damage caused by these animals and control them to prevent a rapid increase in their population. About $800 million of the allotted budget for these damages is elicited by their direct effects on the environment (USDA, par.10). This has led to a degradation in agricultural practice within the state. Furthermore, it is important to determine the devastating effects of feral swine on the environment as they are forest stressors. In this instance, they are heavy foragers on acorns, putting them in direct competition with native species such as elk, bear, deer, and turkey for this seasonal resource. They feed on native amphibians, reptiles, small mammals such as deer fawns, and ground-dwelling birds’ young ones or eggs. The swine are also likely to cause irreversibly future change national scenic waterways, as in the case of eleven-point rivers, jacks fork, and the pristine current. It is necessary to recognize that the animals’ wallowing and rooting behaviors are detrimental to the ecosystem, adversely affecting natural places such as fens, glades, and springs (USDA, par.11; Davis, par.13). They hinder the state’s future capacity to conserve endangered and threatened plant and insect species such as Mead’s milkweed and Hine’s emerald dragonfly. Elimination Missouri’s terrain excludes various methods of eliminating the feral swine threat due to its rugged, steep, and forested landscape. Nonetheless, the state’s partnerships agencies are actively deploying large traps that capture sounders together. They detect the best locations to set up traps as areas with the most attractive features to swine based on resources such as food, water, shelter, or their movement pattern. This method is effective and has a capture efficiency ranging from 90% to 100% using the Missouri Drop Trap design (USDA 19). Additionally, organizations and agencies also use an integrated design to eradicate feral swine in the area. This includes night shooting using thermal or infrared equipment, dispatching with bait, and sharpshooting from a rotary or fixed-wing aircraft. Using these methods in conjunction with trapping leads to greater efficiency when dealing with the feral swine threat. Conclusion In conclusion, feral swine represent a critical problem for Missouri as they are an invasive species. The introduction of a rapidly reproducing animal alleviated the potential for other flora and fauna to compete effectively against its onslaught on the environment. The state’s government uses traps to capture sounders to reduce their number. It deems it necessary to reduce the adverse effects of feral swine on the ecosystem to avoid future disasters such as the extinction of various plant and animal species. Works Cited Davis, Candice. “ Feral Hogs in Missouri: Illegal Release and Transport Has Driven up Damage over Decades ”. Missouri Department of Conservation , 2020. Web. USDA. “ Feral Hogs ”. Mark Twain National Forest – Land & Resources Management , United States Department of Agriculture. Web.

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Modern Globalization in Business Essay Globalization has indeed become a significant pattern in the development of geopolitical and cultural practices of recent decades. With the advent of the Internet, people have become connected, even across continents: such a powerful catalyst could not fail to have a necessary consequence. In particular, people from different countries and cultures have become more integrated into a common, emerging culture in which there is room for the traditions of all peoples. Meanwhile, the representation of different cultures in this common one is unequal, which means that stronger national cultures can absorb weaker ones. A natural reaction to the unification of people was the growth of nationalistic sentiments among peoples whose cultures tend to be weaker. Thus, the spread of American sentiment (and especially the American dream) to the world often results in people from other regions becoming indifferent to their culture. In addition, globalization can lead to the destruction of the sovereignty of vulnerable communities: for example, if the big powers (the United States, China, Russia, Britain) suppress the development of small neighboring ones (Hawaii, Hong Kong, Abkhazia, or former British colonies). Healthy nationalism is not a problem because communities desire to protect themselves and preserve their cultural and political independence. However, radical, violent actions on the part of nationalists lead to international conflicts and inhibit globalization. Thus, globalization should not be evaluated regarding whether it is good or bad. Instead, it should be seen as a natural milestone in the evolution of humanity. Globalization does have advantages and disadvantages, but it is a fact in and of itself. The world now finds itself incredibly integrated, as every individual can learn news from another continent, listen to foreign music, and read non-domestic literature in a matter of minutes. This results in a new, shared culture. In this state, radical nationalism is a serious problem that society and governments must confront.

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Modern Human Problems in “On Being” Podcast Essay There is no simple answer to what it means to be human. Some might say that being human means being independent and controlling their personal lives. For other people, being human means utilizing the refinements of civilization, wearing clothes, and going to work every day, i.e., doing everything that animals cannot do. It is also complicated to say how people want to live because everyone has unique requirements, dreams, and thoughts on this issue. This essay reflects on the On Being podcast and answers the above questions. In the podcast, Thich Nhat Hanh explains why people need to be human. According to him, “we have to remain human to be able to understand and to be compassionate” (Onbeing.org 30:53 – 30:58). The monk adds that being human means having a right to make mistakes, but the absence of a “right to continue making mistakes” (Onbeing.org 31:15 – 31:20). Therefore, being human means being mindful, responsible, and open-hearted. In other words, being human is about being humane. People live in a world of violence and terror and cannot even talk to each other effectively (Onbeing.org). Consequently, they fail to understand which way of living is genuine. From the words of Thich Nhat Hanh, it could be inferred that people want to live without anger; they want to live mindfully and be in control of their emotions. Nonetheless, an average modern person could hardly achieve this way of living. Overall, the podcast is immensely inspiring since it is dedicated to being human, problems people face in the modern mad world, and ways to avoid them. The Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh creates an impression of a conscious person whose ideas should be taken seriously. Even though I do not share the Buddhist worldview, I deeply admire the personality of Thich Nhat Hanh since he inspired me to learn more about mindfulness practices. Work Cited Onbeing. Thich Nhat Hanh, Cheri Maples and Larry Ward — Being Peace in a World of Trauma, 2003. Web.

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Modern Parenthood and Family Instability Essay (Critical Writing) Modern parenthood is complex and sometimes unbalanced, and the consequences of it are anxious, at least because modern children growing up in those families obtain less care and adopt negative behavioral patterns. Unstable families produce instability, and children inherit it, creating more instability in the next generations. In times of change, it is crucial to understand those changes and be ready to react to overcome numerous challenges. Family instability conception refers to situations in marriages and relationships that change quickly. This concept was initially developed in the 1990s and considered children undergoing this instability (Cavanagh & Fomby, 2019). It studies children’s responses to the different stressors connected with those changes: divorces, remarriages, cohabitations without marriage, etcetera. Children undergo stress from parents’ negative feelings, from breaking up with schools and friends that usually follow the divorce, from living in incomplete families, and obtaining less care and family warmth. In that way, drastic changes lead to instability, and instability leads to stress. A high divorce rate is one of the main reasons for family instability: incomplete families tend to be unbalanced for different reasons. For example, it is much harder to maintain a work-life balance in such a family due to a constant lack of time. Due to high divorce rates and high marriage age on average, more and more children are in the situation when they live in an incomplete family. Divorce rates in the United States have risen slowly last decades, and for now, they have reached more than 40% of all marriages (Smock & Schwartz, 2020). Children experience stress with their parents conflicting and divorcing and tend to adopt those behavioral patterns for themselves (Cavanagh & Fomby, 2019). In this way, they grow up with a tendency to form incomplete families by themselves. In the 2010s, most people living together were cohabited, not married (Smock & Schwartz, 2020). The tendency to reject marriage is rising, along with the average age of marriage. It leads to instability in families in general. Another reason for modern families being unbalanced is the hardship of maintaining a work-life balance. More than 50% of all women and men having children said in a survey that they feel difficulty in combining work and family activities (Parker & Wang, 2013). That leads to the situation when children may obtain less care, and the overall stress level in families increases. According to Parker & Wang, though, the amount of time parents spend with their children is growing up (2013). Due to changes in gender roles, fathers spend much more time with children and doing housework: this time almost doubles from the 1960s (Parker & Wang, 2013). Maintaining a work-life balance is crucial, but it is more challenging due to those changes, both for men and women; people should adapt to new roles and conditions. In general, gender roles have become much less distinct, and traditional images of a working man and a housewife woman are vaguer now. The traditional family structure has changed. The percentage of working women has risen drastically compared with the 1960s (Parker & Wang, 2013). At the same time, the amount of time fathers spend with their children has increased more than twice compared to the 1960s. In general, working full-time for women and doing all housework for men is not unusual now. Such changes in gender roles bring even more chaos and instability to the situation with families. Instability in modern families produces challenges for parents and children: parents should maintain a work-life balance, and both parents and children should be more adaptable to live well. Chaos with gender roles has changed the familiar way of life, making people feel confused. Families tend to form and dissolve much quicker than before, and marriage is not mandatory for modern families. The abilities to maintain a work-life balance, react quickly, and be ready to change are crucial to living well in this time of constant change. References Cavanagh, S. E., & Fomby, P. (2019). Family instability in the lives of american children. Annual Review of Sociology , 45 (1), 493–513. Web. Parker, K., & Wang, W. (2013). Modern parenthood: Roles of moms and dads converge as they balance work and family . Pew Research Center. Smock, P. J., & Schwartz, C. R. (2020). The demography of families: a review of patterns and change. Journal of Marriage and Family , 82 (1), 9–34. Web.

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Modernization Theory by Lerner Essay “The Passing of Traditional Societies” is based on empirical material obtained from fieldwork and interviews conducted over a decade in Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, and Iran. Lerner proceeded from the fact that in the process of modernization, all societies move in the same direction, which was set by the Western countries that had completed modernization earlier. However, this “Western model,” according to Lerner, is, in fact, global. It acquired its name only due to a historical confluence of circumstances. Countries of the North Atlantic were the first to carry out the processes of secularization, urbanization, and industrialization. Analyzing the modernization of lifestyles based on empirical material, Lerner pays the most attention to the growth of population mobility, the spread of literacy, and the mass media. For example, Lerner dwelled on the problem of restrictions for modernization. Among the most critical factors hindering development, he attributed ethnocentrism. Lerner states, “From the West came the stimuli which undermined traditional society in the Middle East; for the reconstruction of a modern society that will operate efficiently” (Lerner 47). The author contrasts societies, at the same time declaring that the focus on cultural identity impedes progress. I believe that this concept of modernization designed to solve the problems of transition from “backwardness” to “modernity” was a specific product of the era after the Second World War. Built on numerous simplifications, the modernization theory interprets the historical process as one-line and non-alternative (Dunmire 23). The paradigm proposed by Lerner does not explain the development principles of many countries, such as China, Russia, or Cuba, and therefore loses its relevance in modern days. Works Cited Dunmire, Patricia L. “‘America’s Most Precious Resource: The Future in American National Identity and Foreign Policy.” Futures , vol. 112, 2019. Crossref , Web. Lerner, Daniel. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East . 2nd ed., Free Press, 2022.

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Molecular Gastronomy Trend: Gastronomy and Food Science Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Characteristics of Molecular Gastronomy 2. Traditional Culinary Pratice and Molecular Gastronomy 3. The Current State of Molecular Gastronomy 4. References Popular and innovative scientific culinary approaches have lately progressed from the simple domain of a few curious enthusiasts to the realm of genuine scientific study. Many restaurants throughout the world have begun to use more scientific techniques in their kitchens, and consequently, some of them have been lauded as being among the greatest in the world. The molecular gastronomy trend is relatively new, and it managed to become immensely popular among customers. Due to the ambiguity of techniques used in the implementation of molecular cooking, customers become more eager to try new dishes. Nowadays, numerous culinary bloggers and chefs, and even most food connoisseurs, believe that science is at the core of some of the world’s best establishments’ cooking. In the field of culinary delights, chemistry has managed to replace its somewhat damaged reputation with rising admiration since the implementation of fundamental chemistry in the restaurant has given the foundation for whole different gastronomy. The use of science and other disciplines in restaurants and home cooking is therefore having a beneficial influence in a highly public area, lending credibility to the topic as a whole. Characteristics of Molecular Gastronomy Molecular gastronomy is a new area that combines technological, creative, and cultural elements in the development of innovative dishes. The term molecular gastronomy was invented by two researchers: physicist Nicholas Kurti and chemist Herve’ This (Zeece, 2020). Other titles for this topic include modernist cuisine and culinary science (Zeece, 2020). As opposed to traditional food preparation, this trend of cooking is concerned with applying scientific ideas to improve knowledge of the process at the molecular scale. Low heat immersing (sous-vide) preparation, liquid nitrogen freezing, and breaking, and dehydrator-made fruit jerky are some techniques utilized in this culinary trend. Furthermore, hydrocolloids, which include starch, agar, and gelatin, are extensively used in the production of innovative meals in this gastronomy (Zeece, 2020). With the help of the aforementioned techniques, it is possible to cook noodles made of chocolate, salmon mousse, jelly made of red wine, or caviar that tastes like Coca-Cola. As for the most common techniques in molecular gastronomy, sous-vide is one of them. Sous-vide cooking is becoming practically a standard technique in top-tier restaurant kitchens (Galanakis, 2020). The popularity of this methodology is also attributable to its ease of use and the reliability of the results achieved. Controlling preparation temperature and time, even in a somewhat more automated fashion, while food is wrapped in plastic bags, is simpler and faster (Galanakis, 2020). Contrary to this technique, traditional techniques require chefs to check numerous times and always determine if it is well done and prepared or it needs to be redone. Another famous technique used in molecular gastronomy is the use of liquid nitrogen. This technique can be characterized by its quick way of freezing food (Sivakumaran & Prabodhani, 2018). However, this way of freezing differs from the standard way. In this situation, the main difference is the crystals, which with the help of liquid nitrogen, help retain the original taste of the food (Sivakumaran & Prabodhani, 2018). This technique allows the creation of unique and instantaneous delicacies. Traditional Culinary Pratice and Molecular Gastronomy As a result, its key distinction from conventional food science and technology is its emphasis on both restaurant and home kitchen areas. Interaction between food scientists that including chemists, sensory scientists, food engineers, and inventive chefs, resulted in the application of a novel culinary method (Zeece, 2020). This entails employing new techniques, instruments, or materials obtained from research laboratories. The relevance of food matching in haute-cuisine establishments and for sensory scientists has been underlined, with the introduction of a conceptual method based on the so-called taste system and the description of certain experimental laboratory-based findings. The Current State of Molecular Gastronomy While there are new trends coming to the market, molecular gastronomy remains one of the most popular trends in the restaurant business. The majority of today’s well-known establishments were influenced by elBulli, a Spanish molecular gastronomy restaurant wherein Ferran Adrià experimented with various foods ( Molecular gastronomy at the world’s best restaurants , 2020). Adrià changed gastronomy by inventing methods like spherification and foaming from fruit juices. El Celler de Can Roca, another prominent establishment in the Haute gastronomy business, is located in Girona, Spain ( Molecular gastronomy at the world’s best restaurants , 2020). The particular popularity of seafood in this restaurant, including anchovies, shrimp, and meat, such as bovines, lamb, and poultry, is due to a mix of unusual weather conditions and geographical proximity to the sea and mountains. The last restaurant, Noma, is based in Copenhagen, Denmark, and is one of the most prominent establishments in the world. It is a location known for innovative Nordic gastronomy, and Rene Redzepi symbolizes a new era of experts who cherish old traditions as well as creative thinking ( Molecular gastronomy at the world’s best restaurants , 2020). It is worth noting that this gastronomy is tightly linked to the surrounding landscape, with meals changing three times a year to symbolize seasonal changes. Therefore, from the examples listed above, it can be seen that restaurants that specialize in molecular gastronomy are located in various countries. Their main characteristics are emphasis on local cuisine and adaptation of cooking to the regional characteristics, such as climate or familiar foods. While chemistry gastronomy has existed for several years, it is not just a fad that will disappear in the near future. Instead, such a method of cooking is gaining more popularity with customers since it offers an unusual presentation of meals. Hence, molecular gastronomy is, in essence, a chemistry cooking style, which became a trend years ago. The main characteristic of this trend is the implementation of chemical techniques to shape the meal in an unconventional way. This makes molecular gastronomy different from traditional culinary practices. While the latter focus on conventional techniques of frying, freezing, steaming or boiling, the techniques of molecular gastronomy include sculpting and encapsulating flavors with the help of specific tools. Molecular gastronomy goes beyond the trend and has maintained its popularity for a long time. Consequently, now there are numerous restaurants that specialize in chemistry gastronomy only, paying particular attention to their country’s features and adapting the meals to them. References Galanakis, C.M. (2020). Gastronomy and food science . Elsevier Science. Molecular gastronomy at the world’s best restaurants . (2020). Boston University. Web. Sivakumaran, K., & Prabodhani, W. D. M. H. (2018). An overview of the applications molecular gastronomy in food industry . International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition , 3 (3), 35-40. Web. Zeece, M. (2020). Introduction to the chemistry of food . Elsevier Science.

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Monopolies and Exploitation of Workers Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Business Leaders 2. Pullman Strike: Exploitation of Workers Explained 3. American Working Condition Reforms 4. Federal Regulations of Monopolies 5. Presidents’ Role in Launching Workplace Reforms 6. References Business Leaders At the beginning of the 20 th century, the majority of large industries were controlled by millionaire families, such as the Rockefellers, the Carnegies, and the Vanderbilts. These families were able to develop monopolies that allowed them to benefit from eliminating smaller competitors and remaining on top of the market. Evidently, this turned most of these millionaire families into “shrewd businessmen” who exploited other people’s labor to attain personal objectives (Surdam, 2020). The increasing prevalence of corruption, racial prejudices, and inappropriate employee treatment was hideous and put employers’ exploitation trends on display. The lack of responsibility later turned some of the millionaire families into “robber barons” due to their unprincipled willingness to earn more money. From extremely low payments to child labor, these market leaders would side with any given strategy allowing them to maximize profits (Mitchell, 2020). Thus, factory workers were not treated as humans since there was no proper labor rights movement at the moment. Pullman Strike: Exploitation of Workers Explained The Pullman strike occurred due to the workers’ willingness to fight for increased wages and improved working conditions. Hundreds of thousands of employees were dissatisfied with how the management treated them. The strike became so aggressive that federal troops had to be sent in order to break it up and arrest the leaders of the movement (German, 2022). The primary reason for the employees to go on a strike was a staggering decline in working conditions paired with an unchanging wage that was not enough to cover lifestyle expenses and rent payments. Such inappropriate actions by the management have led to almost 40 people being killed during the strike. The Pullman factory scenario is a textbook example of workplace exploitation (Papke, 2019). Consistent efforts exerted by strikers allowed them to generate reasonable change and contribute to the development of the socialist movement across the US. The nationwide effect of the Pullman strike was also fundamental for an improved understanding of how employees could fight for their rights. American Working Condition Reforms A thorough discussion on American reforms in the field of working conditions has to begin with the transformation of the structure of local workplaces. It means that the legislative amendments released throughout the 20 th century created new jobs for multiple populations while also affecting the existing working conditions (Page & Gilens, 2020). Owing to the reviewed legislation, the government was able to remove child labor from the map and prohibit it effectively. It allowed children to get an education and find jobs that resonated with their skillsets. There were numerous movements that reduced the prevalence of gender-based inequities and allowed more women to find high-paying jobs. During the second half of the 20 th century, an increasing number of workplaces began moving toward environments where racial discrimination would not be tolerated (Rahman & Thelen, 2019). Each of these reforms has made the US workplace safer than before, making it possible for employers to unite efforts with workers on the way to transforming labor legislation. Federal Regulations of Monopolies The primary reason why the federal government engages in monopoly regulation is the need to prevent excessive pricing strategies from overpowering the market. If there were no federal policies on monopoly, larger companies would be able to outrun the competitive equilibrium and set prices that are above it. According to Feldman et al. (2021), such initiatives damage consumer welfare and lead to long-term allocative inefficiency. The existence of monopolies enforces the deployment of federal policies because, otherwise, service quality would deteriorate in the absence of reasonable alternatives. The increasing risk of monopsony power represents another reason why federal policies are deployed in an attempt to hold back monopolistic behaviors. For instance, profit margins can be squeezed by monopolist companies to strengthen their already dominant position (Christophers, 2018). Even though there are chances that the organization is a natural monopoly, the abuse of such power should be prevented nonetheless. Hence, federal policies on monopolistic companies encourage competition and highlight the government’s role in supporting the local market. Presidents’ Role in Launching Workplace Reforms Theodore Roosevelt was a progressive president with the most comprehensive agenda in terms of labor legislation and worker support. During the coal miner strikes across Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio, President Roosevelt took the time to pick the correct approach to people and industries to avoid the latter from complete shutdowns (Rohmiller, 2019). The main requirements established by the strikers included an eight-hour working day and a 20% increase in wages. Even though President Roosevelt largely disliked aggressive labor union activities, he was the first-ever American president to support a seemingly radical initiative involving the deployment of a closed union shop. He did not stop there and became encouraging union representatives to accept arbitration. Even though some of the mine owners were incensed by Roosevelt’s decision, a compromise settlement was achieved (Berfield, 2020). The recognition of unions was postponed, but an eight-hour working day for firemen and engineers was attained together with a 10% increase in wages. President Roosevelt also ensured that workers would have the opportunity to submit their grievances to resolve workplace issues. References Berfield, S. (2020). The hour of fate: Theodore Roosevelt, JP Morgan, and the battle to transform American capitalism . Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Christophers, B. (2018). Financialisation as monopoly profit: The case of US banking. Antipode , 50 (4), 864-890. Web. Feldman, M., Guy, F., & Iammarino, S. (2021). Regional income disparities, monopoly and finance. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society , 14 (1), 25-49. Web. German, L. (2022). Interview with Catherine Liu. Journal of Class & Culture , 1 (1), 97-104. Web. Mitchell, M. (2020). Just the status quo? The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era , 19 (2), 305-313. Web. Page, B. I., & Gilens, M. (2020). Democracy in America? University of Chicago Press. Papke, D. R. (2019). The Pullman case: The clash of labor and capital in industrial America . University Press of Kansas. Rahman, K. S., & Thelen, K. (2019). The rise of the platform business model and the transformation of twenty-first-century capitalism. Politics & Society , 47 (2), 177-204. Web. Rohmiller, A. (2019). Flight to the top of the world: The adventures of Walter Wellman by David L. Bristow. Ohio History , 126 (2), 97-98. Web. Surdam, D. G. (2020). John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil. In Business Ethics from the 19th Century to Today (pp. 159-176). Palgrave Macmillan. Web.

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Monopolistic and Oligopolistic Industries Essay The clothing industry is amongst the many monopolistically competitive industries. There are many clothing firms in the industry competing against each other while producing similar products. However, the firms in the industry earn competitive advantages by distinguishing their products through branding and advertisements (Davis and Özgür, 4). Product differentiation is one of the strategies commonly used by monopolistic competitive firms. Product differentiation in a clothing firm can involve designs, the quality of materials used, and the prices charged for the clothes. In advertisements, differentiation is put in physical aspects such as color, designs, elastic, and different sizes (Davis and Özgür, 7). Intangible aspects included in the clothing advertisement can be guaranteed money back, high quality, free delivery, and long-lasting usage. Steel manufacturing is an example of an oligopolistic competitive industry. In such a market, a few steel manufacturing companies rule over other firms. The few firms are the price and trendsetters for other small companies and often form a partnership to operate successfully (Ritz 185). To distinguish themselves from their competitors, they improve their product quality, hike or lower prices, and advertise the special features of their products. In an oligopolistic market, if a leading company lowers prices, the others do not follow but rather improve their products to remain in the higher cuts of prices (Ritz 187). The few leading companies also stay competitive in the industry by setting their standards high to prevent easy entry into the industry. The firms set high standards by producing the highest quality products, selling them at a higher price, and producing them in high quantities (Ritz 189). That way, they ensure that the small or new companies fear the competition at the top thus ensuring reduced entry to the industry. Works Cited Davis, Leila, and Özgür Orhangazi. “Competition and Monopoly in the US Economy: What Do the Industrial Concentration Data Show?” Competition & Change, vol. 25, no.1, 2021, pp.3-30. Web. Ritz, Robert A. “Oligopolistic Competition and Welfare.” Handbook of Game Theory and Industrial Organization, Volume I . Edited by Luis Corchón and Marco Marini, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, pp.181–200.

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Moral Relativism and Moral Universalism Essay Moral relativism claims that morality is not based on any absolute standard. According to moral relativism, ethical truth is more likely to come from situations, cultures, and sensations. The source of moral universalism is considered human nature, particularly the susceptibility of a person, the ability to empathize, and the resulting need for argumentation for persuasion. The two moral concepts are opposed, but moral universalism seems to be more truthful. Several arguments can be made concerning moral relativism that reflect a dubious nature. Firstly, while many of the arguments that insist on supporting relativism may seem compelling, they all have a logical contradiction in that they all return the correct moral schema that all people should follow, which constitutes moral universalism. Secondly, relativists may argue that different cultures have different values and that morality is relative to different people. However, these arguments explain people’s actions in terms of absolute standards, so it converges back to moral universalism. Moral universalism presupposes the existence of an ethical system that effectively regulates the behavior of members of any community, regardless of culture, race, gender, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, or any other distinguishing features. The simplest justification for this point of view is the obvious observation that in all known moral codes that have proven their viability, there is a common core: respect for life, health, property, and personal dignity. Moral universalism seems to be the more truthful theory. Firstly, moral relativism is built on exceptions, not on general rules. All people approach morality from human nature, which explains approximately the same moral and ethical codes of all countries and peoples. Moral norms are considered basic everywhere, for example, the prohibition of murder. Secondly, if everyone had their own morality and ethics, as moral relativism suggests, it would be impossible to regulate human relations.

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Mr. Das in “Interpreter of Maladies” by Jhumpa Lahiri Essay “Interpreter of Maladies” introduces the reader to a collapsing world of a dysfunctional family. In the novel, Mr. Das sparks both sympathy and a sense of slight annoyance that is likely to transform into disdain after considering the evolution of his character. Although the character might seem benevolent and sympathetic at first, his evident inability to emotionally connect with his wife or children indicates the need for further evolution, which never occurs. At first glance, Mr. Das represents a character that is easy to empathize with and relate to due to his kind nature. Indeed, Mr. Das is mostly benevolent and kind-hearted throughout the novel. For example, he is never aggressive or unkind to his wife, her mostly being the one to start a confrontation: “’But they’re harmless,’ Mr. Das said” (Lahiri). However, Mr. Das should not be seen as immediately redeemable. Specifically, on a closer look, Mr. Das’ unwillingness to interact with his wife or children becomes evident. For instance, when Mr. Kapasi starts talking to the couple., Mr. Das chooses to avoid the conversation. Namely, he chooses to read a book instead: “Mr. Das was absorbed by his tour book, so it seemed like a private conversation between Mr. Kapasi and Mrs. Das” (Lahiri). Therefore, Mr. Das clearly distances himself from his wife and, by extension, from his children, creating a further rift in their relationship. Therefore, the failure to acknowledge and address a problem represents a major obstacle in Mr. Das’ character development. as a result, he never grows throughout the novel, remaining in the same infant state of blissful ignorance. Thus, his intentionally turning a blind eye to the unhappiness of his family members makes him not as sympathetic as he might have seemed at first. Failing miserably to notice the presence of alienation between him and his wife, as well as his children, Mr. Das elicits emotions that gradually deny the reader the expected empathy and, instead, see him as desperately flawed. Even though the problems in Mr. Das’ perception of his marriage and his children are quite understandable, humanizing him and making him relatable, his inability, or unwillingness, to recognize the problem and tackle it leads to the reader’s bitter disappointment. Thus, with his complexity and contradictory nature, Mr. Das and his character arc teach the reader an important lesson about the need for introspection and acknowledging reality. Work Cited Lahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies . OnlineReadFreeNovel.com, 1999, Web.

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Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques Essay The article represents an overview of other literature on methodologies and criteria used in supplier evaluation and selection process, which is believed to be one of the vital components of a successful operation of a manufacturing company. In particular, the paper emphasized the industry’s change in this field – from focusing primarily on operational efficiency to embracing the potential of strategic partnerships. The article claims that the right approach to supplier assessment, thus, is the key to a company’s development and progress. The paper starts with various ways to address the issues related to MCDM of suppliers’ selection. The most common ones are stated to be mathematical models, Simple multi-attribute rating technique (SMART), analytic network process (ANP), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), data envelopment analysis (DEA), linear programming, and some others. For example, DEA is a methodology focused on a supplier system and classifies it either as efficient or inefficient based on selecting particular criteria. Mathematical programming models usually incorporate complex evaluations between suppliers, allowing one to compare them and identify the most optimal in terms of cost and other criteria. The article further compares all methodologies by their popularity expressed in the frequency of mentions in the literature. Thus, DEA is the most common approach with 30% mentions, whereas mathematical programming (17%), AHP (15%), and case-based reasoning account for fewer mentions. However, those methodologies represent the largest share of all MCDM approaches. The article highlights the significance of knowing this distribution, which can build an idea of the most prominent ways to address the issues with suppliers’ assessment and selection. It is also stated that suppliers should be evaluated based on “the inputs of the strategic, functional and operational levels” (Agarwal et al., 2011). Methodologies such as DEA, mathematical programming, or AHP are advised to be used for identifying the most optimal suppliers, whereas AHP is noted to be effective in providing consistency. Reference Agarwal, P., Sahai, M., Mishra, V., Bag, M., & Singh, V. (2011). A review of multi-criteria decision making techniques for supplier evaluation and selection . International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations , 2 (4), 801–810. Web.

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Multicultural Roman Empire History Essay Ancient Rome could be described as multicultural, largely due to the significant areas of land that the Roman Empire controlled at various points, often integrating the local populations and cultures into their own. A wide variety of cultures existed within the borders of the Roman civilization and the Roman population was found to have incredible genetic diversity, having more in common with the Mediterranean states rather than Western Europe (Thomsen, 2019). Some of the cultures that were present under Roman rule include the Gauls, Greeks, Syrian, Egyptian, Lebanese, Persia, and many others. Scholars attribute the cultural and economic success of Rome partially to its ability to embrace a range of ethnic and national identities, often assimilating many elements of the foreign cultures into its own traditions, beliefs or practices. The well-known Pax Romana , a period of prosperity and tranquility for approximately 200 years came at a point when Roman conquests came to a relative end, and a range of cultures were given the opportunity to live in harmony under one central government. While as all Empires, Rome did push some values and requirements upon the regions it conquered, for the most part, the people could live their lives, worship their respective religions, follow their respective traditions, and even maintain their own laws and taxation (Brooks, 2019). Rome by far was one of the most multicultural states in the ancient world that greatly respected the civilizations of others. The primary culture that strongly influenced the Roman culture is likely Ancient Greece. The Hellenistic society led the basis to much what is Roman, ranging from architecture to art to philosophy and politics. The Romans greatly respected the Greeks for their progress and intelligence, and sought to build upon that foundation in the prosperity of their empire including in the aspects of science, literature, law, economics, and even military tactics. Furthermore, the Romans were influenced by the Etruscans, a neighboring tribe to the northwest of Rome, who were allied with and then conquering the newly formed city-state. Etruscans were heavy traders with the Greeks, and had a similarly loose empire of city states, sharing many of the cultural elements. Essentially, the Etruscans allowed for the Greek culture to transition into Rome (Brooks, 2019). However, Rome was influenced by the Etruscans in its early days by contributing to its military capabilities and war-oriented, expansionist society. References Brooks, C. (2019). Western civilization: A concise history (vol. 1). Portland Community College. Thomsen, M. (2019). Study reveals huge genetic diversity among ancient Romans, who had more in common with people from Greece, Syria and Lebanon than western Europeans. The Daily Mail. Web.

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Multiculturalism at the Air New Zealand Workplace Essay Table of Contents 1. Basics & Goals 2. Logistics 3. Workshop Agenda 4. Evaluation & Purpose 5. Policy & Value 6. Recommendations 7. References Basics & Goals Air New Zealand is a reputable organization, and it should invest some efforts in promoting diversity among its workforce. The company’s official website demonstrates that the task is to provide Māori and Pasifika individuals with better employment and promotion opportunities (Air New Zealand, n.d.). That is why an awareness-based training workshop that addresses unconscious bias is under consideration. This activity generally aims at promoting multiculturalism at the workplace, but three specific goals are also considered. Firstly, a task is to ensure that ethnic majorities in Air New Zealand have adequate knowledge of Māori and Pasifika. Secondly, this process will result in the fact that people from these minorities will not face discrimination. Finally, the workshop will increase the Māori and Pasifika representation at the management level. Logistics Sufficient attention should be devoted to areas of the workshop logistics. This event will be organized for heads of departments, and these managers will then distribute the information to their subordinates. The current managers from Māori and Pasifika communities will lead the workshop. One classroom will be necessary to host a lecture, while an office cafeteria or lounge area will be used for an interactive component. Thus, the Trainers will present theoretical information from their personal experience and reputable sources (Matika et al., 2021). The interactive event will allow the participants to get acquainted with Māori and Pasifika cuisine. The entire workshop will last for approximately 90 minutes, where an hour will be devoted to the interactive component. Workshop Agenda The workshop is designed to meet specific objectives that will be beneficial for Air New Zealand. While an educational session provides the participants with theoretical information, an interactive component allows for supporting the obtained knowledge through physical experience. It is necessary to explain that a 30-minute lecture will also rely on PowerPoint slides to present the history of Māori and Pasifika and what challenges these minorities face. Simultaneously, the “cultural day” with food at work will be a positive experience for the participants, and this approach will help them better remember the information. Sarma (2021) also indicates that such an event can contribute to a friendlier and more productive environment at the workplace. Evaluation & Purpose It is necessary to understand how the workshop will be evaluated when it is only going to be implemented. This step is essential because it reveals what specific results are the purpose of the intervention under consideration. Cost-and-benefit analysis justifies the workshop because few resources can lead to positive outcomes. The given workshop deals with short and long-term results, meaning that different evaluation approaches are required. Firstly, the workshop intends to improve employees’ knowledge about Māori and Pasifika and promote a more productive working environment as per Jackson and Van de Vijver (2018). Thus, the workshop participants can answer questionnaires that can be used to assess these two domains. Secondly, the diversity training aims to increase the Māori and Pasifika representation in Air New Zealand by 2023. It is only possible to measure this result by calculating the number of Māori and Pasifika managers in 2023. Policy & Value It can be challenging to achieve the long-term outcome without organizational support. That is why Air New Zealand should have a specific policy that contributes to improved employment and promotion opportunities among Māori and Pasifika members. Simultaneously, one should highlight that the workshop implies a significant value for the organization. Firstly, it leads to the decent mental health of the ethnic minority representatives (Swartz et al., 2019). Secondly, a more productive environment emerges, which leads to faster and better decision-making in Air New Zealand (Grossmann, 2021). Consequently, it is impossible to overestimate the importance of the workshop for the organization. Recommendations Based on the information from the given project, it is possible to offer two recommendations to Air New Zealand. Firstly, the identified data have demonstrated that such a workshop plan can result in essential benefits for the organization. That is why the company should make some efforts to implement the proposed diversity training. Secondly, one can suggest that the workshop alone may be insufficient to reach the long-term outcome. Administrative regulations are required to ensure that the organization has policies that encourage hiring and promoting the Māori and Pasifika representatives. Consequently, it is possible to state that the workshop plan can lead to increased diversity in Air New Zealand. References Air New Zealand. (n.d.). Diversity & inclusion programs. Web. Grossmann, C. (2021). Promote workplace diversity through employee engagement. Beekeeper. Web. Jackson, L. T. B., & Van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2018). Multiculturalism in the workplace: Model and test. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1). Web. Matika, C. M., Manuela, S., Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2021). Māori and Pasifika language, identity, and well-being in Aotearoa New Zealand. Kotuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 16(2), 396-418. Web. Sarma, S. (2021). 15 activities of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Vantage Circle. Web. Swartz, T. H., Palermo, A.-G. S., Masur, S. K., & Aberg, J. A. (2019). The science and value of diversity: Closing the gaps in our understanding of inclusion and diversity. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 220(S2), S33-S41. Web.

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Music in the Service of Social Movements Essay Music already a long time ago became one of the most significant and most profitable business fields that serve not only to entertain the public but also to be a platform for commercial and appearing trends. Major record labels determine what kind of music they will continue to promote and focus on the preferences of the majority of the population. Technology as well contributed to how listeners embrace the songs and interpret the lyrics. Thus, the essay aims to analyze the role of the music industry on the variety of choices for the consumers and the impact of the technologies on musical comprehension. The music industry, like any other, has its tendencies, and it dictates what genre is going to be popular and what types of songs listeners will hear the most often on the radio. Although there are a great diversity of musical compositions and mixes of different styles, only a significantly smaller number of music types have become and remain popular among the masses. Record labels have a tendency to keep producing and promoting music which is similar to what has already proven itself as public favorites (Rosenthal and Flacks 69). Rarely do labels agree to implement the atypical sound which is unfamiliar to the population. Moreover, musicians assigned to any record company have to follow its requirements and write songs that are approved by the management (Rosenthal and Flacks 68). Since they are in charge of the image and the final product, they use the latest technological innovations for promotion and marketing purposes. Technologies undoubtedly influence how music is perceived and interpreted by the audience nowadays. When there were no music videos, performances translated on television, or massive shows holding the stadium, people had more freedom of interpreting lyrics. Due to the fact that there were no additional factors that could suggest or demonstrate the message, the listeners had an endless possibility of adapting the music lyrics to their own feelings (Rosenthal and Flacks 63). Especially when the singer does not claim any sense of the song, it leaves the audience with the possibility of explaining it in numerous ways. However, music videos may add some additional context to the song that, in other cases, probably would not appear in people’s minds. Depending on the scenario that is happening in the music video, the viewer can start perceiving the lyrics precisely based on the image they saw on the screen or accepting the proposed context (Rosenthal and Flacks 63). Live performances and those translated on the television also play a role in presenting the song. The performer’s attitude, style, and manner can shift the perception of the song in an entirely diverse direction than the audience’s initial reaction. Moreover, with the developing technologies and access to the internet, people gained a chance to participate in the discussions and share their opinion about the musicians and their art on online platforms (Rosenthal and Flacks 64). Admirers of someone’s art can express their opinions on the lyrics, music video, and the whole concept creating new theories and meanings about the message that one or another song might contain. Overall, considering the music industry from a commercial perspective, the labels aim to maintain the audience’s attention without implementing radical and unusual innovations. They rather stick to the familiar products that have already proved their applicability to the audience and have greater access to music that applies to more people. Additionally, through the technological promotion by music videos and commercials public forms different perceptions of the music and lyrics. Still, the meaning can often come to the listeners from their personal experiences, feelings, and memories that may be somehow associated with the songs. Works Cited Rosenthal, Rob and Flacks, Richard. “Chapter 2: Aretha Franklin Sings to Charlie Manson.” Playing for Change: Music and Musicians in the Service of Social Movements. Routledge, 2016. pp. 39-66. Rosenthal, Rob and Flacks, Richard. “Chapter 3: Context.” Playing for Change: Music and Musicians in the Service of Social Movements. Routledge, 2016. pp. 67- 89.

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Music Listening: Millennium Stage by Apollo Orchestra Report A live classical music concert, which will be discussed in the paper, is the Millennium Stage by Apollo Orchestra. The orchestra joins forces with renowned opera stars and international instrumental soloists for an annual series of free concerts. The performance was held on March 5, 2020, and I attended on the same day. It brought me unforgettable memories, enough to be reflected in the corresponding essay. The performance was filled with music by many composers who contributed to the development of classical music. The concert begins with a work by Ottorino Respighi, an Italian composer who studied at the Bologna Lyceum, and then with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in St. Petersburg, where he was the first violist in the Opera Orchestra ( Ottorino Respighi ). His active training throughout his life endowed the composer’s works with a unique orchestral flavor. The concert ends with a piece by Ludwig van Beethoven, known to the general public for his heroic struggle with the onset of deafness when some of his most important works were written ( Ludwig van Beethoven ). The musical compositions of these authors formed the basis for a concert that touched the heart and soul of every listener in the hall. The set of instruments was typical for conducting an orchestral concert. The professional orchestra group was endowed mainly with string instruments: the cello, double bass, violin, viola, and harp. As the largest group on stage, the string family accounted for more than half of the total number of performers. They were also accompanied by wind instruments, which sit together in the middle of the orchestra, percussion, and piano. Together, they created a holistic and harmonious sound with each new composition played at the concert. The orchestra concert was attended by eminent composers of our time, contributing to the development of musical culture. For example, international pianist Peter Orth was acclaimed as a special guest artist and soloist for the concert. His career in the American mainstream began after the first prize at the International Piano Competition in Naumburg in 1979, held in memory of William Capell (Peter Orth, Piano). He was awarded numerous awards in America and Europe, bringing him worldwide fame in the music community. Claudia Chudacoff as a visiting concertmaster and associate conductor Jeffrey Newberger, conducted the opening piece, setting the mood till the end of the concert. The other members of the orchestra also coped with their work perfectly and provided the audience with an evening of high-quality and sensual music. The concert starts with Ottorino Respighi’s Botticelli Triptych, which is the memory of three famous paintings by Sandro Botticelli. The piece is followed by Beethoven’s early masterpieces, Concerto No. 3 and C Minor Concerto, which became an excellent end to the evening. Despite the variety of works and composers who lived and worked in different eras, the combination of their music sounded harmonious and unusual to an unaccustomed ear. All the music played during the performance belongs to the genre of an orchestral concert, although it affects differently due to differences in musical moods. The lightness of the first piece and the fleur of sadness of Beethoven’s compositions contrasted perfectly with each other, quietly flowing from one to the other. I personally was impressed by the concert since the soft change of compositional tones greatly delighted me. Each section brought a new mood to the overall picture, which was noticeably reflected in the course of the music. The first part was divided into three, each of which adhered to the light and fresh moods characteristic of the mentioned triptych. In this part, more attention was paid to the quality of the compositions, which is why I could not stop admiring the orchestra’s skills. The second part of the concert can also be divided into two parts, the first of which was more majestic, the second, on the contrary, sadder and more relaxed. This created a pleasant picture of a smooth flow of sound from one mood to another. The feelings I had towards the end of the performance may be described as excited and joyful because of the corresponding brutality. The music maintained a course for a constant change of moods until the end and caused a storm of emotions with its bright ending. The orchestra’s melody may be defined as undulating since the filling of the jumps occurred with a gradual movement either up or down, which made it possible to achieve an easy and natural development of the composition. The major triad of the first passage was replaced by a minor triad, shimmering from joy to calmness, from admiration to sadness. The polyphonic warehouse made it possible to highlight several main themes at once during the concert. The high register of the whole concert did not stop even in the last notes, allowing to simplify and facilitate the figurative series. Thus, the Millennium Stage by Apollo Orchestra gave me a lot of unforgettable emotions and can be recommended by me for listening as an interesting and exciting experience. The skillful musicians who took part in the concert were one of the main factors in its success. The selected compositions, representing an uncomplicated mood change, also served as the basis for obtaining positive emotions. Works Cited Ludwig van Beethoven . Britannica, 2022. Ottorino Respighi. Britannica, 2022. Peter Orth, Piano . Philadelphia Chamber Music Society, Britannica, 2022.

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Mythology and Morphology of Prometheus Essay From ancient ages, humans have used symbols and myths to express their experience of a reality that transcends the physical world and transmits it to future generations. Nowadays, famous brands apply mythology to successful products due to their magical power. The logo of the house of Versace is a very extravagant and extraordinary mark; it was designed in 1978 by Gianni Versace. The logo represents the head of the ancient Greek mythology of Medusa Gorgon. The designer explained why he chose this character; it is a synthesis of beauty and simplicity, which is able to mesmerize anyone, just like the clothes produced by the brand. Other examples are Lamborghini; first, the Italian company was engaged in the production of tractors. The bull became the emblem of the brand, as the bull is the sacred animal of Zeus. According to some people, this animal is extremely hardy and strong, which endows the brand with great power. Now, Lamborghini cars are high-performance, expensive supercars, and the emblem of the golden bull is very appropriate for them. I prefer the myth of Prometheus because evil never prevails, and goodness and justice win. The mighty titan Prometheus stole the sacred fire from Olympus to provide it for humankind. He made humanity independent of the gods. Prometheus trained people to write, count, crafts and introduced them to metals. Before, people were afraid of the elements of the sea, but now the titan taught them how to build ships; humans became proficient in the art of medicine (Travis, 2021). Prometheus was destroying people’s faith in the deity, and for this, the thunderer Zeus decided to punish him. Prometheus was chained to a rock, the sunburned him mercilessly, and the rain was pounding him. However, this was not the end of the titan’s torment; a giant eagle sat on Prometheus’s chest every day and tore his liver (Travis, 2021). Heracles, the strongest men, killed the eagle that tortured Prometheus, broke Prometheus’ chains, and the titan was free. Reference Travis, C. (2021). The morphology of Prometheus, literary geography and the geoethical Project. Geosciences, 11 (8), 340.

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Napoleon Bonaparte Life and Role in French History Essay Napoleon Bonaparte was an outstanding personality in the history of Europe. He was an ambitious man, and thanks to his perseverance, he became was a military general and the first Emperor of France. He won himself the world’s greatest military leader by conquering activities. However, not all the events of his life have such a bright color. This work investigates the role of Napoleon in the French Revolution and analyzes his contribution to the history and causes of downfall. The path of gaining fame by Napoleon Bonaparte began on the tiny island of Corsica. He was born in 1769 and, in his early years, was bullied due to his height and strong Italian accent, which greatly influenced the character. At the age of fifteen, Bonaparte was transferred to the most prestigious military academy in France (Stay a while and listen, n.d.). The most important desire of the young man was the expulsion of the French from his native land. Later he took part in the French Revolution the Civil War and quickly gained the title of captain of the French Revolutionary army and devoted his life to conquering lands. Among the most significant reforms of Napoleon as achievements as the leader of France are the transformation of military organization and training, sponsorship of the Napoleonic Code, reorganization of education, and establishment of the long-lived Concordat with the papacy. A man with multiple titles, the first Emperor of France, a great conqueror, a brilliant strategist has a special place in history. Thanks to his active conquering and political activities, he quickly gained fame, but the desire to have more and greed ruined the ruler. The main reason for Napoleon’s downfall was the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium, where the conqueror was defeated. This event caused the end of the Napoleonic era in European history. Reference Stay a while and listen. (n.d.). Napoleon Bonaparte-The first Emperor of France. Full documentary [Video]. YouTube. Web.

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National Basketball Association SWOT Analysis Research Paper Table of Contents 1. NBA (National Basketball Association) strengths 2. NBA (National Basketball Association) weaknesses 3. NBA (National Basketball Association) Opportunities 4. NBA (National Basketball Association) Threats 5. Reference NBA (National Basketball Association) strengths NBA headquarters are located in the USA, where the largest fan base and players reside. The number of fans attracts viewership. National Basketball Association is ranked as the leading association worldwide. The legacy formed by the association puts it in the limelight compared to other associations. NBA is ranked among the richest sports across the world, while its players also have the best salaries globally in the sports world. In the USA, the association has a huge fan base. Spectacular merchandising and broadcasting give it a hand ahead of other leagues. Finally, NBA has high TV ratings. NBA (National Basketball Association) weaknesses Despite having a good global fan base, the association needs to attract more fans from the Asian market and Europe. Again, ticket prices are higher curtailing fans from booking for regular games. Lastly, competition from other league sports poses a great risk, leading to a reduction in viewership of NBA matches. NBA (National Basketball Association) Opportunities Despite many strengths accrued with NBA, some opportunities ought to grab to ensure prosperity in the association. The association is restricted mostly in the USA; if they bring in more players from Africa, Asia, and Europe, it shall attract more spectators. Another way to tap the fan base is through proper marketing, especially exhibitions. Other marketing activities that NBA should focus on include sponsorships and academies. NBA (National Basketball Association) Threats As external factors, the NBA faces threats that slow the association’s operations. Other sports leagues like MLS, NFL, and NHL promote baseball, football, and other sports. There are other threats like currency value fluctuation, economic crisis, and pandemics that disrupt the operations in NBA. Players have been involved in gambling practices and drug use which demoralizes the fans and leads to bans. Reference Jordan Meleski. (2020). Swot Analysis of the NBA . Web.

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National Debt: Views, Consequences & Alternatives Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. National Debt and Theory 3. Long-Run Costs of High National Debt 4. Alternatives 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction The public debt dilemma has been on the news since the start of the pandemic. Indeed, during the time of economic recession, the governments are often tempted to increase national debt in the search for additional funding for covering the deficits in the budget. While there are certain benefits of increasing national debt, significant drawbacks are also possible in the long run. The present paper offers a discussion of theoretical views on the national debt, outlines long-term consequences of increasing national debt, and describes an alternative for addressing budget deficits during the time of economic recession. National Debt and Theory National debt may be seen as both a problem and a virtue, depending on the theoretical stance. Keynesian economics, which is considered the most valuable development since the Classical period, demonstrates two benefits of national debt due to recession (Churchman, 2001). On the one hand, increased public spending financed through public debt stabilizes the fluctuating economy due to the countercyclical effect. Public debt allows the government to finetune the investments, which is crucial for stabilizing the economy. On the other hand, as the government increases the spending, it indirectly affects the income of businesses, as they have more customers that can spend money on services and products. This phenomenon is known as the multiplier effect, as increased spending of the public sector multiplies the revenues of the private sector (Churchman, 2001). The supporters of the multiplier effect state that it compensates for the reductions in the tax base due to the stabilization of the private sector (Churchman, 2001). The model, however, has several drawbacks that can be explained by the Ricardian model. David Ricardo created a theory based on the notion of the Ricardian Equivalence. This idea supposes that a person makes a decision to purchase based on the present income level, but also on the anticipation of future spending (Churchman, 2001). People may anticipate that due to the rise of national debt, the government will have to repay it using increases in taxes. Due to the anticipation of future tax expenses, people may want to withhold some of their capital that was acquired due to increased government spending to stabilize the economy (Churchman, 2001). As a result, the multiplier effect does not come into play, as the money becomes stored in banks instead of circulating in the economy. The idea of Ricardian Equivalence has met much criticism, as theorists disagree about people making their decisions based on the anticipation of future spending (Churchman, 2001). Nevertheless, the model attracted much attention from modern theorists. Another economic theory that discusses the problem of the national debt is the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). The core of this theory lies in the assumption that the government can increase debt as needed for any cause, as central banks can issue new money without limits (Whittaker, 2020). The only limit to this spending is the level of inflation, which can be regulated through taxes (Whittaker, 2020). However, monetary conservatives state that inflation increases due to too much money in the economy and the common belief that large national debts are ruining the economy (Whittaker, 2020). In summary, the theoretical views on the national debt are controversial. Long-Run Costs of High National Debt The central problem of the high national debt is the increased national interest expenses. According to Peter G. Peterson Foundation (PGPF, 2020), the US government’s interest expenses will reach $5.4 trillion in the coming ten years. As a result, the government will have less money to spend on public needs, such as education, public health, and security. As a result of underinvestment in education, the national will have a lower-skilled workforce, which will negatively affect the efficiency of the economy. Underinvestment in national security can cause threats to national stability and defense from outside threats. Higher national debt will negatively impact the wages of the public sector employees, which in term will have an indirect negative impact on the private sector as well. Thus, the citizens of the country will have fewer opportunities and less access to services. Increased national debt also affects interest rates, which implies that fewer people will be able to afford new houses, cars, and education (PGFF, 2020). In other words, people will become less happy with the current government policy, which may also cause political instability. Finally, increased national debt may cause significant problems with fiscal stability in the country. The investors may lose confidence in the national fiscal position, which will lead to increased interest rates to offset the perceived risks (PGFF, 2020). An increase in Treasury rates can cause higher-than-expected inflation. Such events can start a chain reaction, as the value of outstanding government securities will decrease, which will cause losses of shareholders, including mutual funds, pension funds, insurance companies, and banks. Losses of these shareholders can further destabilize the national economy. Thus, high national debt has a negative long-term impact on the economy and the individuals of the county. Alternatives Budget deficits can also be eliminated through personal tax increases and through spending cut by decreasing in transfer payments. The consequences of both alternatives to increases in debt have been partially discussed above. On the one hand, PGFF (2020) states that a decrease in funding of education, health, and security can lead to significant problems in these spheres. In particular, the decreases in transfer payments can reduce national health, security, and education level, which will result in a less efficient economy in the long run. In the short-term, decreased spending will lower the wages of the public sector and decrease the income of people dependent on financial support from the government. As a result, less money will be circulating in the economy, which will affect every aspect. On the other hand, increases in taxes will discourage people from working more, as they will have to pay a large part of their revenues (Alesina et al., 2018). Additionally, higher tax rates will discourage savings and negatively affect private investments in the national debt (Alesina et al., 2018). Recent research demonstrated that countries utilizing spending cuts demonstrated higher economic performance in comparison with those that selected to raise revenues through tax increases (Alesina et al., 2018). However, such policy may be negatively met by the public, which is crucial for political stability. Conclusion Economic recessions are always a trilemma for governments. There is always a possibility to raise capital through increasing national borrowings, decreasing spending, or raising the tax rates to address budget deficits. While there are benefits of every approach, there are also long-term drawbacks that should be considered. The analysis conducted in the present paper demonstrated that there is no panacea for addressing the problem of budget deficits during economic recessions. Thus, every government should apply the policy that is most suitable for every specific situation based on the results of situation analysis. References Alesina, A., Favero, C., & Giavazzi, F. (2018). Climbing Out of Debt. Finance and Development, 55 (1), 7-11. Web. Churchman, N. (2001). David Ricardo on Public Debt. Palgrave. Peter G. Peterson Foundation. (2020). The Fiscal & Economic Impact of the National Debt. Web. Whittaker, J. (2020). Modern monetary theory: the rise of economists who say huge government debt is not a problem . The Conversation . Web.

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Nationalism in the Context of Globalization Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The modern world is becoming increasingly globalized, reflected in how major businesses, markets, and economies merge into a large international arena of interests, demands, and supplies. The same principle can be observed in social and political aspects since one nation’s goals, and interests are ultimately intertwined with the globe. Thus, nations are imagined communities, whereas states are politico-social, and globalization is antagonized by nationalism. Main body It is important to understand the idea of nationalism through the relationship between the concepts of state and nation. The first major concept, which can be used to further the overall comprehension of these concepts, is Benedict Anderson’s nation-states called imagined communities. The historian and scholar challenged the idea of nationhood by stating that it is mostly arbitrary and comprised of similar binding forces, such as city-states. It is stated that certain elements “were central to a sense of “nation-ness”—imagining, restoring, remembering, dreaming” (Bergholz 519). In other words, nations are a group of individuals who share a sense of communion despite not knowing each other. The whole notion is tied to the foundation of statehood, which led to the development of nationhood (Bergholz 520). In other words, nations are imagined, but states are the primary drivers of such arbitrary bonding. Therefore, a nation is mostly psycho-cultural, whereas states are political-legal because the former is comprised of common history, religion, language, land, and culture, whereas the latter consists of government, territory, population, and sovereignty. Globalization is currently the major force of changes and shifts in the international landscape, which is constantly leaving its mark on national cultures, national economies, and national benefits. It is stated that “while the global era denotes a cosmopolitan vision, economic insecurity, growing inequality in wealth distribution, as well as cultural change and shifts in traditional values and norms have brought about a broader concern that globalization” (Flew and Iosifidis 7). The main reason is due to the fact that globalization “is associated with a shift of power to transnational elites, whose impact upon common people’s lives and experiences is not fully acknowledged” (Flew and Iosifidis 7). In other words, the crisis of citizenship is rooted in the notion of the disappearance of elements that comprise a nation. National cultures are becoming global, and people are no longer contained in a state since it is easier to relocate and immigrate. Economies are no longer isolated because transnational companies can operate in several nations at once. Even political and legal elements are becoming multinational, such as the EU. However, nationalism serves as a force of resistance against globalization. It is stated that “social protection has an ’embedded nationalism’ effect, awakening worries that globalization may undermine hard-won provisions, thereby deepening anti-globalization” (Rathgeb and Busemeyer 50). In other words, the erosion of many elements, which comprise a nation, resulted in nationalism becoming more antagonistic to global shifts by focusing on emphasizing the importance of culture, economy, and identity. Populism spread the message of unity within a nation and isolationism from foreigners (Flew and Iosifidis 7). It does so by highlighting the inequalities and injustices of globalization. Conclusion In conclusion, nations and states are interconnected, but they mean different notions. Nations are people with common elements, and states are political-legal entities. Globalization threatens nationalism by eliminating these elements, which is why nationalism fights back with the use of populism, national identity, and culture. Works Cited Bergholz, Max. “Thinking the Nation: Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, by Benedict Anderson.” The American Historical Review , vol. 123, no. 2, 2018, pp. 518–528. Flew, Terry, and Petros Iosifidis. “Populism, Globalisation and Social Media.” International Communication Gazette , vol. 82, no. 1, 2020, pp. 7–25. Rathgeb, Philip, and Marius R. Busemeyer. “How to Study the Populist Radical Right and The Welfare State?” West European Politics , vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1-23.

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Native Women in the Times of the Colonial Conquest of the Americas Essay Chapter 5 of the book talks about the condition of native women in the times of the colonial conquest of the Americas. The invasion of South and North America by the Europeans involved many males coming into contact with the local egalitarian societies. The Algonquian tribes experienced considerable changes in their established social and economic order (Hughes & Hughes, 1997). Before the invasion, the men and women of the tribe equally divided their work and responsibilities. Yet, after the conquest, the men’s work, which was hunting for large game, became more in demand among the Europeans. Moreover, the trade between the tribe and the invaders made some of the women’s work irrelevant, for instance, the creation of certain items which were now replaced by European ones. The Catholic Jesuits who came to spread Christianity also encouraged the establishment of a patriarchal society and primarily baptized tribal men. Many women opposed conversion to Christianity, but their husbands, brothers, and fathers beat them for their defiance of God. In New Mexico, where the slave trade was the primary source of wealth for the Spanish, Many Indian women were made slaves and used as property without any rights or freedoms. In Barbados, black female slaves were forced to work in fields and were also subject to different types of exportation, including physical, sexual, and emotional ones. In New Spain, the Spanish conquerors established their cultural norms and rules for women, which implied that females had to be sexually pure and practice discretion. As a result, the Spanish often raped and sexually abused the native women to keep the Spanish ones intact. At the same time, the local population also embraced the Spanish traditions of honor, which once again led to the sexual exploration of native women. Chapter 6 of the book concerns the topics of the role of African women during the 17th century. In the 1660s, a Lutheran pastor who visited the Fetu people described their social activities. As the pastor stated, the Fetu women dressed according to their status in the community and their wealth. The affluent females covered their breasts with silk, while the poorer ones were topless (Hughes & Hughes, 1997). During weddings, the tribe had festive events, and the bridegrooms had to show their generosity. Men could marry several times, yet the first wife always had the highest status, while the concubines were mostly slave women. The Bakongo tribe in Kongo had a particular social order where women could be given the status of wife or sister. Wives were young women who were able to bear children, yet after the end of their reproductive period, many of them became sisters. The concept of sisterhood implied autonomy and active participation in family matters. Yet, slave women only could have the status of a wife and be denied any autonomy. The chapter also talks about queen Njinga, a woman who fought the Portuguese in Kongo after the death of her brother. The most important part of Njinga’s story was that to justify her legitimacy as queen, she became a man. As a noblewoman, she had the right to have several husbands, and she ordered all of them to dress in female clothes. Njinga became a successful ruler, led her army in battles, and repelled the attacks of the Portuguese. The chapter also provides information about Eur-African women who were born to European fathers and African mothers. Such women had a marginal status in African societies because they were not recognized by the natives as their family. Thus, Eur-African women, including Betsy Heard, leaned towards their fathers, who provided them with European education. The Eur-African women married other Europeans and thus accumulated resources and status, allowing them to act as intermediaries in the slave trade. Reference Hughes, S., & Hughes, B. (1997). Women in world history: V 2: Readings from 1500 to the present . Routledge.

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Negligent Recruitment in McDonald’s Legal Case Case Study McDonald’s filed a lawsuit in the United States against its former CEO, Steve Easterbrook, after it was revealed that he had several consensual sexual encounters with workers in the year before his leave and maintained them hidden. Easterbrook misled authorities and threw away proof of his wrongdoing; he prioritized his interests over McDonald’s. Shareholders have filed a lawsuit against the corporation for attempting to prevent misbehavior and prioritizing speed over accuracy in resolving the issue. Negligent recruitment and retention responsibility are widely used to describe an employer’s commitment not to recruit or keep a worker (Monteiro et al., 2019). The supervisor was aware of or should have been aware of the likelihood of engaging in behavior against other persons or otherwise subjecting workers or third parties to legal responsibility. Companies can be held accountable for their workers’ intentional misbehavior (dos Santos et al., 2017). This work is written to study the case of negligence at work since negligence is the most common type of tort. If a McDonald’s fails to vet a worker before hiring them thoroughly and they cause harm to others, the corporation may be held accountable for their conduct. A McDonald’s, for instance, should examine all prior work, certification qualifications, and current professional associations before hiring an executive chef (Rushchenko et al., 2020). If the chef commits frequent culinary errors that cause health concerns for diners, the popular fast food restaurant is likely to be held accountable since it failed to do a basic employment background check. This is one of the reasons why criminal history checks are required. If a person strikes colleagues and consumers and can demonstrate that a criminal history check revealed past violent conduct, the business may be held liable. Assume an employer knows an employee’s risky, unpredictable, or disrespectful behavior but does not fire the worker. In that instance, McDonald’s might be held accountable for ensuring the safety of others. References Monteiro, I., Correia, M. B., Goncalves, C. (2019). Transforming a company’s staffing process: Implementing e-recruitment. Journal of Spatial and Organizational Dynamic , 7 (2), 144-157. Rushchenko, J., Rushchenko, I., Plakhova, O. (2020). Mitigating hiring risks through pre-employment background screening: Methodology based on the personnel security approach. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 9 , 577. dos Santos, N. R., Pais, L., Cabo‐Leitão, C., Passmore, J. (2017). Ethics in recruitment and selection. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention , 91-112.

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Negro Spirituals’ History and Origins Essay Negro spirituals are songs composed by Africans who were abducted and transported to the United States to be sold into slavery. While they were stripped of their languages, families, and culture, their masters could not take away their musical characteristics. A negro spiritual known as Ring Shout uniquely expresses African Christianity. Ring Shout is characterized by hand clapping, footsteps, and other percussion accompanying the lush orchestral singing of the leader and chorus in this folk spiritual. It has a highly stylized religious dance in which participants dance in counter-clockwise circuits (blackhistorywalks 6:24). In the United States, the term “spiritual” is most closely connected with the racial oppression of African Americans. In terms of traditional music, the African American spiritual, also referred to as the Negro Spiritual, is among the most significant and most prominent cultural practices (blackhistorywalks). A few well-known spirituals are Wallis Willis’ Swing low, dear chariot, and Deep down my heart . (African American Spirituals). The word “spiritual” comes from a King James Bible conversion of Ephesians 5:19: “Speaking to yourself in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs and singing and making melody in your hearts to the Lord.” (African American Spirituals). African slaves held “praise houses” and outdoor assemblies titled bush or camp meetings, and brush arbor meetings where they met informally to discuss their conditions of slavery (African American Spirituals). There were ecstatic trances at the gatherings where people would sing, chant and dance. Enslaved Africans sang about their plight to the American slave lords through the spiritual hymns (blackhistorywalks 5:34). Slave lords let their slaves follow certain Eurocentric religious rituals, even though they did not have the right to free speech. However, they had no idea that a rich culture full of outstanding and complex songs would arise from that, serving as the soundtrack to some people’s spiritual life (blackhistorywalks). Call and response is a crucial feature of negro spirituals. It later found its way into other musical genres, including the blues and gospel. According to Sonia Caldwell in the documentary Origin of the Negro Spiritual (10:20), as a form of resistance, spirituals were used by enslaved people because they wanted to retain African components in their lives. The negro spiritual is sometimes cited as the source of all subsequent musical styles because of its widespread influence. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, spirituals played a crucial part in black people’s protests. Spirituals and Gospel songs were essential in the civil rights movements of 1950s and 1960s (African American Spirituals). Majority of the “liberation songs” of the era, such as Eye on the Prize and , Oh Freedom were based on old spirituals. Songs based on spirituals have been used in various countries worldwide, including Russia, East Europe, South Africa, and China. In creating new protest songs, several of today’s best-known pop singers continue to draw inspiration from the spirituals of the past. Songs like Redemption Song by Bob Marley and Billy Bragg’s Sing their souls back home are good examples. Everyone who participated in the ring scream felt a sense of accomplishment and camaraderie after the event. Negro spirituals enabled African-Americans to express their identities and capacities. Because of the prejudice of white superiors who were adverse to the results of the Civil War, Negro Spirituals were also immensely popular amongst African Americans. African Americans discovered a means to deal with their misfortunes through spirituals, which is why Negro Spirituals are considered a part of the African American criterion for American Identity. Negro Spirituals inspired African-Americans to unite and fight for their rights, encouraging them to demonstrate their strength in numbers. Works Cited “African American Spirituals.” The Library of Congress , 2015, Web. Blackhistorywalks. “Slave Songbook : Origin of the Negro Spiritual.” YouTube , 2013, Web.

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Neil Degrasse Tyson as a Famous Person to Meet Essay When it comes to people I find most fascinating and interesting, Neil deGrasse Tyson is one of them. This man is a famous astrophysicist and planetary scientist who shares his opinions and knowledge on various platforms. Personally, I find the pieces of information he provides mind-opening and shocking at times. I believe that this person knows a lot of controversial information and has various opinions on such matters, which would be pretty interesting to know. Neil deGrasse Tyson was born in 1958 and received several degrees from various universities, including Harvard, the University of Texas at Austin, and Columbia University (Tyson). Additionally, in early 2000, he was appointed by the president to serve on the Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry (Culp). I am a person who has always been fond of the vast and mysterious cosmos. I have watched a lot of documentaries that shed light on the peculiarities of universes, galaxies, and planets. Among those documentaries was Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, narrated by Neil deGrasse Tyson. I believe that the knowledge of this astrophysicist stretches far beyond the information narrated in the documentary. If I had a chance to talk to this person, I would definitely ask him questions about extraterrestrial life. I have always found it perplexing that our planet is the only planet that has life, and I wonder if Tyson has any theories on this matter. I would also like to ask him whether he knows about any classified information at NASA. Hence, Neil deGrasse Tyson is one of the fascinating people to me. His knowledge and experience inspire me, and I would love to have a chance to talk to him in real life. From this experience, I would like to gain new perceptions and theories on the cosmos and information about outer space, something not commonly discussed. I think this person has more information and opinions to share. Works Cited Culp, Jennifer. Neil DeGrasse Tyson . The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2014. Tyson, Neil deGrasse. The sky is not the limit: Adventures of an urban astrophysicist . Prometheus Books, 2004.

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Netflix, Tesla Motors, and Zoom Managing Growth Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Strategic Focus During the Companies’ Early Growth 3. Core Areas of Focus 4. Changes of Strategies in Later Growth Cycles 5. Some Peripheral Markets 6. Growth by Acquisitions 7. Conclusion 8. References Introduction Growth management in any organization is vital for entrepreneurial success once the formal business registration and inception processes have been completed. Various business stages present different challenges and opportunities which require a portfolio of provisions such as outstanding leadership, continuous product improvement, and understanding of the market. Managing growth in the entrepreneurial sector, therefore, necessitates an innovative approach by the stakeholders to ensure the businesses succeed (Bhatia, et al., 2021). Netflix, Tesla Motors, and Zoom are among many other companies that have experienced exponential growth in their markets. Strategic Focus During the Companies’ Early Growth Netflix is a company operating in the entertainment industry focusing on the use of technology to grow the customer base and eventually the revenues. At its early growth stages, the company’s strategy was to continue improving the entertainment products to reach out to a wider market (Mier & Kohli, 2021). In the early stages, Tesla Motors was guided by the strategy of doing something different from the other players in the market. The leadership of the company wanted to disrupt the status quo by the introduction of environmentally sustainable car products (Thomas & Maine, 2019). Zoom was designed to disrupt the normal way of meeting where people would physically avail themselves in physical offices. The founder had a strong vision that something needed to be done to enhance effective web conferences (Archibald, et al, 2019). Zoom’s strategy at the early stages involved constant improvement with a focus on creating a seamless consumer experience. Core Areas of Focus The three companies leverage on different aspects to strategically position themselves in the markets and satisfy their customers. Netflix has grown into a great venture and its geographical outreach has expanded to a global status. The company thrives on innovation to create an undisrupted customer experience. Netflix also has a wide range of entertainment products from which subscribers can choose. The system is operated using an advanced streaming technology that personalizes subscribers’ experiences (Rataul, et al, 2018). The company’s technology can effectively suggest other movies a subscriber can find entertaining based on their past preferences and tastes. Tesla Motors leverages on many years of experience in innovation geared towards improving the experience of their customers. The company has a diversified portfolio of products ranging from luxury cars to efficient heavy long-haul trucks (Chen & Perez, 2018). Similar to Netflix, Zoom depends on a powerful technology that offers a simple and efficient user experience to facilitate web conferencing. The three companies strategically position their brands for increase their profitability. Changes of Strategies in Later Growth Cycles Netflix and Zoom share a similar path in the way their strategies shift in their later growth cycles. These two companies have concentrated on market analysis and classification to ensure that their products satisfy the needs in each market. Having developed their software technology to be of astounding quality, they now focus more on customer value delivery. Tesla Motors also banks on effective leadership and partnerships with other emerging technologies such as cryptocurrency. These provisions enable Tesla Motors to sell directly to customers unlike other players in the market. Tesla minimizes costs related to middle dealings between the company and the ultimate customers (Chen & Perez, 2018). By creating a working value chain, the company’s leadership can further their research on different markets to continue to deliver high-quality products. Some Peripheral Markets Netflix is available in many countries apart from the United States of America. The company has reached a global market level service in more than 190 countries with its great streaming services (Mier & Kohli, 2021). In each country, the content supplied is different based on language, culture, and preferences of customers in the specific markets. Similarly, Zoom is available globally since it is a web-based conference tool. It has gained a lot of recognition during the Covid-19 pandemic when in-person meetings are being discouraged by health officials (Archibald, et al, 2019). Some peripheral markets for Tesla include China, Netherlands, Hong Kong, and Australia. The company sells physical products, unlike Netflix and Zoom whose brands are services based on the internet. Growth by Acquisitions Netflix has so far grown without acquiring another business on the way. Zoom is currently considering the acquisition of a company called Five9 that makes software for contact centers. This acquisition could add to the company’s services and revenue lines making the business more profitable if well managed (Levi, 2021). Tesla has made several acquisitions in its lifetime to enhance its business and make its operations more efficient. SolarCity Corp. is an example of companies acquired by Tesla in 2016 (Song, 2019). Other companies similarly acquired by Tesla are Maxwell Technologies Inc. and Perbix Machine Co. Inc. Conclusion Entrepreneurship is a continuous process comprised of challenges and opportunities in the different growth cycles of businesses. It requires a combination of an entrepreneurial skillset, mindset, and leadership capabilities to steer a business on the right path. Strategic positioning is always critical at all stages as evident in the three companies discussed. Starting an investment might not be an easy task but leading the business through the growth cycles can equally be challenging. However, with steadfast planning and visionary leadership, companies can achieve successful rapid growth. References Archibald, M. M., Ambagtsheer, R. C., Casey, M. G., & Lawless, M. (2019). Using Zoom videoconferencing for qualitative data collection: Perceptions and experiences of researchers and participants . International Journal of Qualitative Methods , 18 , 1609406919874596. Web. Bhatia, R., Bhatia, A., & Banerji, B. (2021). Entrepreneurship development: Managing change and complexity with innovation. Psychology and Education Journal , 58 (2), 5159-5171. Web. Chen, Y., & Perez, Y. (2018). Business model design: Lessons learned from Tesla Motors . In In: da Costa P., Attias D. (eds) Towards a Sustainable Economy (pp. 53-69). Springer, Cham. Web. Levi, A. (2021). Zoom’s lightning-fast ascent to $100 billion made big acquisitions a sudden priority . Web. Mier, J., & Kohli, A. K. (2021). Netflix: Reinvention across multiple time periods, reflections, and directions for future research . AMS Review , 1-12. Web. Rataul, P., Tisch, D. G., & Zámborský, P. (2018). Netflix: Dynamic capabilities for global success . SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals. Web. Song, K. (2019). Does the acquisition of SolarCity benefit Tesla’s shareholders? . In 2019 International Conference on Economic Management and Model Engineering (ICEMME) (pp. 536-538). IEEE. Web. Thomas, V. J., & Maine, E. (2019). Market entry strategies for electric vehicle start-ups in the automotive industry–Lessons from Tesla Motors . Journal of Cleaner Production , 235 , 653-663. Web. Wiederhold, B. K. (2020). Connecting through technology during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Avoiding “Zoom Fatigue”. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(7), pp. 437–438. Web.

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Netflix’s Struggle for Leadership in Video Streaming Essay From a personal perspective, Disney+ has all opportunities to unseat Netflix as the leader in video streaming. First of all, the contemporary development of the streaming service industry presupposes the attraction of customers through the brand’s reputation, quality of content, and consumer targeting. In relation to these aspects, The Walt Disney Company has several considerable advantages. It is a well-known international corporation with history and millions of lovers all over the world. It operates across four business units: media networks, studio entertainment, direct-to-consumer and international products, experiences, and parks. At the same time, in relation to streaming, Disney+ surpasses other companies and stands apart from them being an optimal solution in its industry as it provides a combination of modernity and classics, creating an unprecedentedly high quality of entertainment (Agnihotri & Bhattacharya, 2022). In other words, this platform offers a wide range of exclusive content, from timeless classical movies to the latest releases, with a combination of accessibility and options provided by digital media technologies. In addition, with operation in all four quadrants, Disney+ aims to target literally all population groups covering all major audience demographics. In contrast with Netflix, Disney+ releases more kids and family-friendly content. At the same time, Marvel’s superhero blockbusters and Star Wars-based series also attract and unite people from various backgrounds. In combination with a cost-efficient subscription, the platform’s materials make it highly desirable for consumers who prefer the most convenient type of entertainment for all family members. It goes without saying that Hastings and his team should consider the experience and competitive advantages of Disney+; however, responding to its development and entering a direct confrontation would be unreasonable. Since 2019, several entertainment conglomerates and technology giants will enter the streaming service space. In general, their strategies will presuppose the availability of predominantly exclusive content and comfortable conditions in relation to prices – thus, every platform will finally have its audience. In this case, Netflix should remain one of the players in the market and follow its strategies by producing and promoting its content. At the same time, it may try new approaches to generate its competitive advantages and unique values. I think that with the development of technologies and digital media, the popularity of traditional media is inevitably decreasing. Netflix was a pioneer in the sphere of streaming services, and its dominance was obvious. It goes without saying that the production of content by traditional media companies will still be in demand; however, if they want to catch Netflix and attract a wider audience, they should enter the streaming service market as well with their unique benefits or generate other customer values. First of all, the success of video streaming is determined by the variety of content and its accessibility. In other words, people are attached to streaming services for the opportunity to choose from big collections of audiovisual materials suitable for all demographic groups and watch them from various devices at a relatively small price at any time and in any place or without even leaving home. Other advantages of video streaming include the simplicity of use and user-friendliness, the availability to control playback and record content, and the accessibility of live events. In general, the Disney-Netflix streaming war may be regarded as a source of data for in-depth analysis by other media players to learn from their mistakes. For instance, the latest research demonstrates that although new releases attract people’s attention and increase subscribers, 30% leave after several months (Walker, 2022). This means that customer choice is determined mostly by individuals’ preferences rather than the volumes of content produced. At the same time, this production has a negative impact on subscription fees, leaving people dissatisfied – they are forced to pay more for things they are not interested in. In this case, for Netflix and other media players, it may be more reasonable to target particular population groups to assess people’s ideas and opinions concerning the content, or offer subscriptions at highly affordable prices for particular content instead of monthly fees to increase customer loyalty and retention. References Agnihotri, A., & Bhattacharya, S. (2022). Disney: Restructuring for success with video streaming service Disney+. SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals Walker, R. (2022). Netflix and Disney face a growing challenge: Streaming mercenaries. Fast Company . Web.

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Neural Stem Cells in Therapeutic Purposes Essay It is important to note that brain tissue is among the most complex and intricate structures of the human body, which has a highly limited capacity for healing and regeneration. The topic of the proposed research is to assess how neural stem cells replace and differentiate into neurons and other cells of the brain in order to use them for therapeutic purposes. N eural stems cells must be used as a therapeutic measure to slow or halt the aging process due to their rejuvenation and differentiation capabilities. Organization Plan 1. Introduction. 2. Literature Review. 3. Brain Aging. 4. Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. 5. Differentiation Regulation. 6. Therapeutic Approaches. 7. Discussion. 8. Conclusion. Literature Review Part 1 The preliminary research suggests that there is a complex system of regulatory steps that involve GABA signaling. There is an array of signaling molecules involved in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) neurogenesis, such as Sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor 2, glutamate, and others. The subgranular zone (SGZ) is another important germinal region of the adult human brain, and the mechanisms of regulations are comparatively different between V-SVZ and SGZ. Part 2 For example, a key source of the proposal states that “V-SVZ NSCs are regulated by local signals from their immediate neighbors, as well as by neurotransmitters and factors that are secreted by distant neurons, the choroid plexus, and vasculature” (Obernier & Alvarez-Buylla, 2019, p. 1). In other words, distantly located cells secrete a wide range of signaling molecules to regulate the neural stem cell generation, differentiation, and regeneration processes. Schedule for the Completion of Tasks Annotated bibliography 03/03/2022 Not completed yet Completed research 04/03/2022 Not completed yet Complete rough draft 06/03/2022 Not completed yet Edit and proofread the draft 07/03/2022 Not completed yet Take draft to the Writing Center 08/03/2022 Not completed yet References Galiakberova, A. A., & Dashinimaev, E. B. (2020). Neural stem cells and methods for their generation from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro . Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 8 , 1-20. Lazutkin, A., Podgorny, O., & Enikolopov, G. (2019). Modes of division and differentiation of neural stem cells . Behavioural Brain Research, 374 , 1-9. Navarro Negredo, P., Yeo, R. W., & Brunet, A. (2020). Aging and rejuvenation of neural stem cells and their niches . Cell Stem Cell, 27 (2), 202-223. Obernier, K., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2019). Neural stem cells: Origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain . Development, 146 (4), 1-15. Petrik, D., Jorgensen, S., Eftychidis, V., & Siebzehnrubl, F. A. (2022). Singular adult neural stem cells do not exist . Cells, 11 (722), 1-22. Tang, Y., Yu, P., & Cheng, L. (2017). Current progress in the derivation and therapeutic application of neural stem cells . Cell Death and Disease, 8 (10), 1-12. Urbán, N., Blomfield, I. M., & Guillemot, F. (2019). Quiescence of adult mammalian neural stem cells: A highly regulated rest . Neuron, 104 (5), 834–848. Zhao, X., & Moore, D. L. (2018). Neural stem cells: Developmental mechanisms and disease modeling . Cell and Tissue Research, 371 (1), 1–6.

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New England and Chesapeake Colonies: Settlement Patterns Essay The two American regions to be first settled by the English colonists were New England and the Chesapeake Bay. In the Chesapeake Bay, the colonists arrived under the auspices of Virginia Company – a joint-stock enterprise dedicated to colonizing America for profit. Although the early hopes of finding precious metals did not materialize, the region eventually found its economic specialization in growing tobacco (Corbett et al., 2022). The company hired the English poor for the labor-intensive task of growing the colony and producing tobacco, and most of the newcomers were young single males (Corbett et al., 2022). Conversely, the New England colonies followed a different settlement pattern. Unlike the Chesapeake Bay, they were shaped not by the pursuit of profit but by the desire to escape persecution and perceived moral decadence of England and create a virtuous society (Corbett et al., 2022). New Englanders came to America as entire families and, unlike the Chesapeake Bay colonists, established a largely self-sustaining economy of farms, hamlets, and commercial enterprises rather than cash crop plantations (Corbett et al., 2022). Such were the differences in settlement patterns and shaping forces between the two. Religion played a considerable role in both regions, although in the shape of different denominations. The founders of New England colonies established their settlements with an explicitly religious purpose of creating a perfect Protestant community, which was the case in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and other colonies as well (Corbett et al., 2022). Interestingly enough, although the Chesapeake Bay colonies were business enterprises intended primarily for profit, the Anglican Church also played a considerable role in their life. For them, proselytism was a means to establish better relations with the Native Americans, as in John Rolf’s famous marriage to Pocahontas (Tsukada, 2020). Thus, both Protestant and Anglican denominations played their role in the colonization of New England and the Chesapeake Bay, respectively. References Corbett, P. S., Janssen, V., Kund, J. M., Pfannestiel, T., Waskiewicz, S., & Vickery, P. (2022). U.S. History . OpenStax. Web. Tsukada, H. (2020). A ground model and Opechancanough’s peace . Web.

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New Products: Electric Scooters Essay A new creation that has recently entered the market is the electric scooter. It quickly gained popularity because it allowed people to rush from one part of the city to another. At the same time, people spent less time because they were not stuck in traffic lights (Hagiu and Wright 1527). Its competitive advantage, though, is that it does not harm the natural environment and requires less energy for maintenance. That is, such scooters use little energy resources to operate and therefore are better than a car (Hagiu and Wright 1527). It should be noted that some electric scooters can be charged by the sun accordingly; it can be described as an uncomplicated device for a low price, which enables to move quickly. Thus, the above advantages contribute to the fact that people are increasingly choosing electric scooters; consequently, they have gained popularity in the market in a short time. A product that will expand gradually in the market is wireless headphones. It is becoming popular because every phone manufacturer is trying to produce such an accessory. At the same time, the competitive advantage is that they are small and comfortable to use (Hagiu and Wright 1527). Although their price is higher than ordinary headphones, they work longer and do not break as quickly. They have gained a stronger position in the market because of the fact that they directly attach to phones at a distance, which is convenient in today’s world. Moreover, people who buy the phone also choose headphones from their company (Hagiu and Wright 1527). Thus, the benefits listed above contribute to the number of types of wireless headphones on the market and their popularity. Work Cited Hagiu, Andrei, and Julian Wright. “Platforms and the exploration of new products.” Management Science, vol. 66, no. 4, 2020, pp.1527-1543.

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Nimba Myotis: A Specimen of Bat Essay With the current broad variety of species, as well as the emergent news about the species that are on the verge of extinction due to the impact of the changes in the environment, one might believe that discovering new animals is no longer a possibility. However, new species are still discovered regularly, the recent incredible find being an example of that. Namely, the Nimba myotis, also known as the fuzzy orange bat, or Myotis nimbaensis, has been identified as a new species this year (Simmons et al., 2021). Having orange fur with black pigmentation, Nimba Myotis represents a rather unusual specimen of bats. The animal prefers natural caves as the place where it lives and rests. Like other bats, Nimba Myotis uses laryngeal echolocation as the means of identifying and catching prey in the dark. However, due to the species in question being under researched, its diet is mostly unknown (Simmons et al., 2021). Overall, the bat represents a unique specimen in its class. The species belongs to the animal kingdom, particularly, to mammals of the Chiroptera order and the Vespertilionidae family (Simmons et al., 2021). The main rationale for placing it in the animal kingdom is the fact that Nimba Myotis is a mammal. Additionally, the specified species reproduces sexually, unlike members of other kingdoms, and is multicellular (Simmons et al., 2021). Furthermore, the fact that cells in Nimba Myotis do not have cell walls, allows classifying it with other species in the Animal kingdom. Therefore, the bat should be defined as an animal, particularly, a mammal. Furthermore, one should note that, being a bat, Nimba Myotis represents the largest order in the mammal class after rodents (Simmons et al., 2021). Overall, the discovery of Nimba Myotis has shed a lot of light on the species of bats, in general. Reference Simmons, N. B., Flanders, J., Fils, E. M. B., Parker, G., Suter, J. D., Bamba, S., Douno, M., Keita, M. K., Morales, A. E., & Frick, W. F. (2021). A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea . American Museum Novitates , 2020 (3963), 1-40.

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Nitrobacter’s Features and Position in the Ecosystem Report There are many different species of marine microbes that exist in the water in massive amounts. Among the Nitrite oxidizing bacteria, there are six main types: Nitrotoga, Nitrospira, Nitrolancetus, Nitrospina, Nitrobacter, and Nitrococcus (Han 2). One of the fascinating species of bacteria is Nitrobacter which plays a crucial role in the nutrition of plants. Since this is a nitrifying bacterium, it serves as a simple way to release nitrogen that comes out of plants. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the essence of the Nitrobacter, its specific characteristics its position in the ecosystem. Nitrobacter is the most interesting among the other species because it participates in converting nitrite to nitrates. Nitrification happens due to the receiving of nitrates from ammonia by oxidation, and the process goes with the help of the pair of bacteria, which are Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas (Han 3). First of all, it is crucial to mention the concept of nitrification and the operations that are included there in order. Since the process is happening in the soil, it is a remarkable biological phenomenon that may also influence the other factors connected with nature. The nitrogen cycle is a significant part of the biological processes, and bacteria that exist in the soil take part in the majority of chemical phases that produce atmospheric nitrogen into the new condition. Overall, Nitrobacter is an integral part of maintaining the diversity of the microorganism in the soil that is provided by its oxidation activity. It plays a critical role in the plants’ nutrition and, as a nitrifying bacterium, makes it possible for the soil to preserve the auspicious condition and maintain its fertility. Thus, due to those reasons, Nitrobacter is an exceptionally fascinating species of Nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Work Cited Han, Shun, et al. “Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria community composition and diversity are influenced by fertilizer regimes, but are independent of the soil aggregate in acidic subtropical red soil.” Frontiers in microbiology vol. 9, 2018, pp. 1-12. Web.

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Noncommunicable Diseases, Risk Factors and Prevention Essay Table of Contents 1. Modifiable behavioral risk factors 2. Metabolic risk factors 3. Noncommunicable disease among adolescents 4. Prevention of noncommunicable Disease 5. References Modifiable behavioral risk factors Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) or chronic diseases are not spread from person to person. They are long in duration and tend to progress slowly. Many non-communicable diseases have common risk factors to which everyone – children, adults, and the elderly – are vulnerable. They include smoking, alcohol and drug use, low physical activity; they are called intermediate risk factors that can lead to NCDs. However, these are modifiable behavioral risk factors, i.e., when giving up bad habits, one can significantly improve health and reduce the risk of developing NCDs (Gbadamosi & Tlou, 2020). The experience of some developed countries taking vigorous measures to limit the prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases strongly suggests that the result is an increase in the population’s average life expectancy. Tobacco dependence is a chronic disease that often requires long-term treatment and repeated quitting attempts. Nicotine in tobacco is recognized as a substance that causes drug addiction. Tobacco smoking is the most common cause of respiratory disease; smokers have a six times higher risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – COPD (Sim et al., 2017). Every 10th smoker develops lung cancer; on average, people who smoke reduce their lives by 10-15 years (Karthik, 2021). Smoking causes great harm to the body of a pregnant woman and a fetus (Lockhart et al., 2017). Children of mothers who smoke during pregnancy are often born prematurely. They usually have signs of hypotrophy, often get sick, and lag in development from their peers. The body of a person who drinks alcohol wears out several times faster than a healthy person who does not drink. The human brain suffers the hardest from alcohol, as this substance sticks together red blood cells in the blood, leading to blood clots (Woodyatt, 2021). Without exception, it affects all systems and organs, weakens the immune system, and leads to frequent diseases. Alcohol changes the structure of the genetic code of DNA – it contains information about a person and his descendants (Dugué et al., 2021). People who abuse alcoholic beverages give birth to children with mental and congenital disabilities. Alcohol use is a significant preventable risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver, certain types of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and injury from violence and road clashes and collisions. It has been proven that alcohol consumption in hazardous amounts to health is the cause of diseases and injuries, leading to significant disability, premature death, and other socio-economic negative consequences (Oladipo., 2019). Strategies for preventing and reducing dangerous alcohol consumption should improving legislative and regulatory information, treatment, and rehabilitation measures (Esser & Jernigan, 2018). It is already known that only public education is ineffective; legislative, regulatory and legal acts and mechanisms for their implementation, early diagnostic and effective treatment and rehabilitation interventions are needed. Drug addiction has a devastating effect on almost every human body organ, but the brain, cardiovascular and endocrine systems are most affected by addiction. Stimulants, euphoretics, depressants affect the body differently; however, they all contribute to a deterioration of the body systems (Jabeen et al., 2018). However, almost any drug, especially the “designer” type ones, leads to the development of the most severe pathologies. There is brain damage, toxic encephalopathy, psychoses and neuroses, and polyneuropathy on the part of the nervous system (Luethi & Liechti, 2020). It is expressed as minor nervous system disorders, and paralysis, and paresis. The liver’s fatty degeneration occurs in the hepatobiliary system, including irreversible processes leading to cirrhosis. Continuous smoking of marijuana leads to psychomotor delays (Prashad & Filbey., 2017). Memory deteriorates, a person becomes inhibited, and a problem with cognitive functions and the ability to focus on work processes. Methamphetamine and cocaine lead to the development of toxic encephalopathy, tooth enamel is destroyed (Clague et al., 2017). Although each drug affects a person differently, many diseases are common to almost all addicts. Such pathologies characterize drug addicts as tachycardia and hypertension, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure. Some disorders are reversible; some, such as cirrhosis or heart failure, are not. However, drug addiction treatment will stop the destructive processes and provide the patient with long-term remission. It is vital to prevent the onset of irreversible consequences that cannot be cured in any way and the situation when it is only possible to maintain life with special supportive treatment (Jordan & Andersen, 2017). There are no safe drugs; their recreational use leads to severe dependence, both physical and psychological, and dependence – to the development of diseases, including irreversible ones. These risk factors are amenable to adjustment – any person can overcome addiction and switch to a healthier lifestyle. However, in some cases, medical attention is required for a smooth release from the influence of bad habits. Despite the availability of information on the dangers of smoking, alcohol, and drugs, many people ignore doctors’ recommendations. Government intervention is required to disseminate information on the risks of these substances and to combat their use. Metabolic risk factors Metabolism is a chain of chemical reactions in the body that ensure the normal functioning of a person. People get all the necessary substances from the external environment, mainly from food. A metabolic disorder is a malfunction of the body that affects the state of human health. Such risk factors contribute to four significant metabolic changes that increase the risk of NCDs: high blood pressure, overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia (high blood glucose), hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids). High blood sugar weakens the body’s resistance -infectious diseases, especially those with fever, can dramatically worsen the condition of diabetics – even those whose illness is well controlled with medication. Nevertheless, with diabetes mellitus, not only is carbohydrate metabolism disturbed. The disease can affect blood vessels and affect the state of internal organs, subjecting them to additional stress (Dong et al., 2018). Then, it becomes much more difficult for the immune system to protect the body from foreign and harmful interference. An imbalance in the content of glucose and insulin in the blood plasma leads to a radical metabolic disorder, stimulates hypertension, develops vascular atherosclerosis, and increases the risk of heart attack or stroke (Khan et al., 2019). Many people with diabetes die of heart attacks before they develop vision, leg, or kidney problems. Hypertension is considered one of the leading causes of death on our planet. It also increases the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system, brain, and other conditions (Singh et al., 2017). High blood pressure leads to damage to arterial vessels and affects the work of the heart, which is forced to be in a state of overload (Martinez-Quinones et al., 2018). This can lead to the development of severe cardiovascular diseases and, as a result, weaken the body’s resistance to viruses and other infections. High blood lipids do not usually cause symptoms. At very high levels, fat builds up in the skin and tendons and forms bumps called xanthomas. Occasionally, patients develop dull white or gray rings along the edge of the cornea. Very high triglyceride levels can cause an enlarged liver or spleen, tingling or burning sensations in the hands and feet, shortness of breath, and confusion, increasing the risk of pancreatitis (Laufs et al., 2020). Pancreatitis can cause abdominal pain and is sometimes fatal. The cardiovascular system suffers primarily from obesity; fat is deposited around the heart and in the walls of blood vessels. The ability of the heart muscle to push blood into large vessels gradually decreases, and fatty degeneration develops (Hruby et al., 2016). Obese patients cannot inhale deeply; their breathing is shallow. This, in turn, is a risk factor for the development of bronchitis and pneumonia (Mafort et al., 2016) – the symptoms are most severe in smokers. Reduced oxygen supply to the blood leads to oxygen starvation of the brain, pathological drowsiness develops. Due to the stretching and weakness of the anterior abdominal wall, all abdominal organs, mainly the stomach, go down and stretch. Intestinal motility suffers, hence flatulence and constipation. The skeleton, ligaments, and muscles experience additional, sometimes even double, stress. Diseases associated with malnutrition of bones and cartilage, osteochondrosis, arthritis develop (Sheng et al., 2017). The most effective way to combat obesity is to combine diet and vigorous regular exercise. At the same time, it must be remembered that a doctor should be involved in diagnosing and treating obesity. Only he will find out the exact reason for weight gain, adjust the diet and give recommendations for lifestyle changes. When genetic factors influence the course of the disease, it is more difficult to control the development and spread of the disease, but this is not a reason not to engage in disease prevention. It is essential to keep in mind that there are technologies that allow one to regulate pressure, blood sugar levels, and other risk factors at the current stage of medical development (Milani et al., 2016). The diversity of risk factors can cause short aggravations of the condition that do not lead to chronic exacerbations. Temporary disorders are possible against the background of micronutrient deficiencies, dehydration, overhydration of the body, severe illness, overheating, hypothermia, and other unfavorable factors. Complex medical care is needed if the pathological process arose long ago, provoked by genetic factors. Depending on the type of disorder, the patient can be prescribed a special diet, and a complex of vitamins and minerals; however, with serious complications, more intense medical intervention is possible. Noncommunicable disease among adolescents It should be emphasized that an official definition of the exact age for adolescents does not yet exist. Therefore, adolescence is determined differently depending on a particular country and even its regions, cultural and national characteristics, gender. In most publications on age periodization, it is noted that it lasts from 13 to 16 for boys and from 12 to 15 years for girls. At the same time, early adolescence is 10-13 years old, middle adolescence – 14-17 years old, and late adolescence – from 18 to 21 years. There may be some differences between boys and girls due to the gender influence on the intensity of an organism’s development. Each of these periods is characterized by its features which affect the course and outcome of noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases, also known as chronic diseases, tend to be long-term and result from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and strokes), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and diabetes. The burden of NCDs is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries, which account for more than three NCD deaths worldwide. Adolescents are likely to need extra help to control asthma because they are at greater risk of misusing inhalers and engaging in activities that can worsen asthma (such as smoking). At present, sufficient evidence has been accumulated that the transformation of childhood asthma into adulthood occurs precisely at puberty (Withers & Green, 2019). It makes the problem of adolescent bronchial asthma especially urgent. The clinical course of this disease in adolescents can interfere with various factors, which affect the onset and further progression of the disease, inadequate response to treatment, compliance, control over BA, etc. Diabetes mellitus in adolescents is characterized primarily by worse glycemic control, higher, as a rule, dangerous glucose levels, and many reasons lead to this. They include poor self-control, lack of adherence to dietary recommendations, insulin therapy (Temneanu et al., 2016). In general, adolescents do not devote enough time to their diabetes, as they have many other interests and tend to be independent. However, such inattention to the problem can negatively affect the health of the child. In adolescents with diabetes, more often than not, protest turns into a protest against diabetes because their parents always control this process. In recent years, heart ailments are rapidly “getting younger,” affecting children, juveniles, and young people. It is worth emphasizing that the clinical symptoms at the initial phase of cardiac pathologies in the young generation are often insignificant or absent altogether. Therefore, it is possible to identify changes in the work of the heart only through laboratory and neuroimaging diagnostic methods. Rapidly progressive disease at a young age is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This pathology is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the left ventricle wall; lesions of the right or both sections are rarely observed. Mutations in specific genes cause this disease. Their functions are the coding for the synthesis of myocardial proteins. It leads to a change in the location of muscle fibers in the heart muscle. Problems arise if adolescents do not visit doctors on time in case of heart ailments. This is especially true if there is a tendency to heart defects in the family. It should be noted that the leading cause of death among children and adolescents was precisely congenital malformations not diagnosed in time, with the greatest risk group being young men who are actively involved in playing sports. There are a number of symptoms that indicate a malfunction of the heart. Ignoring them during sports or in free time can lead to an exacerbation of the disease. Timely contacting health professionals and following their recommendations will reduce the risk of complications due to noncommunicable diseases. It is also essential to adhere to a healthy lifestyle and not give up on the necessary treatment. An illness that emerged or worsened during adolescence can significantly impair the health indicators of young people as they grow up. At all stages, parental support and supervision are necessary to avoid situations where adolescents neglect treatment. Prevention of noncommunicable Disease Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. There are four main groups of noncommunicable diseases – cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes. Premature deaths from NCDs can be prevented by actively involving healthcare providers, but their impact alone is insufficient. Not all people adhere to simple rules for maintaining health, and therefore the state should make more efforts to convince the population to follow doctors’ recommendations. The fight against cardiovascular diseases and diabetes requires separate steps on the part of the government. Primary prevention is a complex of medical and non-medical measures aimed at preventing deviations in health and preventing diseases common to the entire population and individual (regional, social, age, professional and other) groups and individuals. This stage includes forming a paradigm of a healthy lifestyle by creating a permanent information and propaganda system. It also requires an increase in the level of knowledge of the population about the impact of negative factors on health and reducing their impact and sanitary and hygienic education (Kisling & Das, 2021). Measures are needed to prevent mental illnesses and injuries, accidents, disability and mortality from external causes, road traffic injuries. Secondary prevention is a set of medical, social, sanitary, hygienic, psychological, and other measures aimed at early detection and prevention of exacerbations and complications of diseases and a set of steps to prevent a decline in working capacity, including disability premature mortality. Medical institutions are faced with the task of introducing holistic methodological approaches to assessing research results in the course of preventive measures and diagnosis. It is also necessary to organize and control of high-quality and effective monitoring of patients’ health. Secondary prevention measures allow early detection of conditions when they are asymptomatic, and timely treatment can stop their development (Kisling & Das, 2021). Most of the secondary prevention activities are carried out in health care settings using screening methods. Since 2011 UN General Assembly adopted the Political Declaration on Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO has developed a global monitoring system to track progress on prevention and control (World Health Organization, 2012). This system includes nine global goals; it is recommended for adoption by the Member States. Once adopted, Member States are encouraged to consider developing national NCD targets and indicators. The mortality target is a 25% reduction in premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by 2025(World Health Organization, 2012). The monitoring system provides the basis for advocacy, awareness-raising, political commitment, and global action to tackle these deadly diseases. The monitoring system will also help shape a new development agenda that encompasses three dimensions of sustainable development: economic development, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion. Regular measurement of blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels, knowledge of body mass index allows one to keep abreast of what is happening with the body. It also helps to understand the risks of developing diseases and know what actions should be taken to reduce them. Regular and age-appropriate physical activity is also essential, as well as rejection of bad habits, routine checkups, and stress reduction. References Clague, J., Belin, T. R., & Shetty, V. (2017). Mechanisms underlying methamphetamine-related dental disease . Journal of the American Dental Association, 148 (6), 377–386. Web. Dong, X. L., Guan, F., Xu, S. J., Zhu, L. X., Zhang, P. P., Cheng, A. B., & Liu, T. J. (2018). Influence of blood glucose level on the prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with ischemic stroke . Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , 23 , 1-7. Web. Dugué, P. A., Wilson, R., Lehne, B., Jayasekara, H., Wang, X., Jung, C. H., Joo, J. E., Makalic, E., Schmidt, D. F., Baglietto, L., Severi, G., Gieger, C., Ladwig, K. H., Peters, A., Kooner, J. S., Southey, M. C., English, D. R., Waldenberger, M., Chambers, J. C., Giles, G. G., … Milne, R. L. (2021). Alcohol consumption is associated with widespread changes in blood DNA methylation: Analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal data . Addiction biology, 26 (1), 1-13. Web. Esser, M. B., & Jernigan, D. H. (2018). Policy approaches for regulating alcohol marketing in a global context: A public health perspective . Annual review of public health, 39 , 385–401. Web. Gbadamosi, M.A., & Tlou, B. (2020). Modifiable risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases among adult outpatients in Manzini, Swaziland: A cross-sectional study . BMC Public Health, 20 (1), 1-12. Web. Hruby, A., Manson, J. E., Qi, L., Malik, V. S., Rimm, E. B., Sun, Q., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2016). Determinants and Consequences of Obesity . American Journal of Public Health, 106 (9), 1656–1662. Web. Jabeen, I., Venkataswamy, M., Sadaf, J., Reddy, N., Mallika, A., & Sushmitha, M. (2018). Drug abuse, addiction, its causes and treatment . Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology, 10 (4), 1-7. Web. Jordan, C. J., & Andersen, S. L. (2017). Sensitive periods of substance abuse: Early risk for the transition to dependence . Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 25 , 29–44. Web. Karthik, K. (2021). What percentage of smokers get lung cancer? . MedicineNet. Web. Khan, R. N., Saba, F., Kausar, S. F., & Siddiqui, M. H. (2019). Pattern of electrolyte imbalance in Type 2 diabetes patients: Experience from a tertiary care hospital . Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 35 (3), 797–801. Web. Kisling, L. A., & Das, J. M. (2021). Prevention Strategies . In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Laufs, U., Parhofer, K. G., Ginsberg, H. N., & Hegele, R. A. (2020). Clinical review on triglycerides . European Heart Journal, 41 (1), 99–109. Web. Lockhart, F., Liu, A., Champion, B. L., Peek, M. J., Nanan, R., & Poulton, A. S. (2017). The effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on endocrine pancreatic function and fetal growth: A pilot study . Frontiers in public health, 5, 1-6. Web. Luethi, D., & Liechti, M. E. (2020). Designer drugs: Mechanism of action and adverse effects . Archives of Toxicology, 94 , 1085–1133. Web. Mafort, T.T., Rufino, R., Costa, C., & Lopes, A. (2016). Obesity: Systemic and pulmonary complications, biochemical abnormalities, and impairment of lung function . Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, 11 (1), 1-11. Web. Martinez-Quinones, P., McCarthy, C. G., Watts, S. W., Klee, N. S., Komic, A., Calmasini, F. B., Priviero, F., Warner, A., Chenghao, Y., & Wenceslau, C. F. (2018). Hypertension induced morphological and physiological changes in cells of the arterial wall . American Journal of Hypertension, 31 (10), 1067–1078. Web. Milani, R., Bober, R., & Lavie, C. (2016). The role of technology in chronic disease care . Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 58 , 579-583. Web. Oladipo, I. (2019). Alcoholic beverages and human health: An overview . IntechOpen. Web. Prashad, S., & Filbey, F. M. (2017). Cognitive motor deficits in cannabis users . Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 13 , 1–7. Web. Sheng, B., Feng, C., Zhang, D., Spitler, H., & Shi, L. (2017). Associations between obesity and spinal diseases: A medical expenditure panel study analysis . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14 (2), 1-11. Web. Sim, Y. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, K. U., Ra, S. W., Park, H. Y., Lee, C. H., Kim, D. K., Shin, K. C., Lee, S. H., Hwang, H. G., Ahn, J. H., Park, Y. B., Kim, Y. I., Yoo, K. H., Jeong, I., Oh, Y. M., Lee, S. D., & KOLD Investigators (2017). Determinants of nicotine dependence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 80 (3), 277–283. Web. Singh, S., Shankar, R., & Singh, G. P. (2017). Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension: A cross-sectional study in urban Varanasi . International Journal of Hypertension , 1 , 1-10. Web. Temneanu, O. R., Trandafir, L. M., & Purcarea, M. R. (2016). Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: A relatively new clinical problem within pediatric practice. Journal of Medicine and Life, 9 (3), 235–239. Withers, A. L., & Green, R. (2019). Transition for adolescents and young adults with asthma . Frontiers in pediatrics, 7 , 301. Web. Woodyatt, Amy. (2021). Drinking any amount of alcohol causes damage to the brain, study finds . CNN Health News. Web. World Health Organization. (2012). A comprehensive global monitoring framework including indicators and a set of voluntary global targets for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases . Second WHO Discussion Paper. Web.

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Nonverbal Communication: Decoding and Encoding Essay Posture and body motions are examples of body language. A straight stance, for instance, conveys confidence; the same holds true for physical motions. Sitting upright and leaning forward on the chair, for example, displays attention and focus in the debate, but a relaxed reclining back posture may imply apathy or superiority. Although looks might be deceiving, not all of them are when it comes to professional communication. Consider the case of a sales agent offering a high-end fashion item. The clothing and footwear they wore would highlight their personal style as well as their fashion expertise essential for marketing the goods. Gestures are acts that are done automatically or routinely, such as tapping fingernails on a table, bending the head from side to side, or laying palms on the cheekbones. Even if they are not intended to, certain gestures might communicate the wrong idea. For example, a worker may rest his forehead in his palms when intently pondering, which may be misinterpreted as boredom. In my opinion, I perceive body language nicely. When a person makes some kind of movement in order to pay attention, I always do it. I consider my strongest side in terms of non-verbal communication. This style of communication accompanies everyone from birth, and although this type is well developed for everyone, decoding is not always up to par. Most often, I study body language by analyzing the behavior of people in cafes and other public places; in this way, I get to study the maximum possible number of people, which allows me to understand them better. Appearance is complex for me, I cannot always understand what a person wants to show with his appearance, but I would like to develop such a skill in myself since, in my opinion, it is essential. The capacity to encode good turn-taking messages can assist in guaranteeing that people can retain the ground when necessary in a discussion or make their way into a discussion effectively, without unfairly disrupting someone or appearing disrespectful. Encoding is the process of converting ideas into information. The encoder sends out a message via media such as a phone call, internet, text or email, face-to-face conference, or another communication device. The amount of conscious thinking that goes into encoding signals varies. Other instructions, diversions, or temptations should be considered by the encoder, as well as any disturbance that could conflict with their signal. In my opinion, I express my thoughts well in non-verbal language; at least people have always understood what I am trying to convey to them. I can say that body language is fundamental and understandable to me. However, as with decoding, I have difficulty understanding how to show some kind of desire to the interlocutor by appearance. I want to develop this skill as it is very versatile in everyday life and can help in many situations. Implementing the tips for becoming a better encoder of nonverbal will result in improved decoding ability due to greater awareness. Competent decoders of nonverbal information are considered to have nonverbal awareness, which, like skilled encoders, leads to more significant social networking sites, popularity, and reduced social phobia (Burgoon). I believe that the ability to express one’s thoughts not only with words but also with body movements, appearance, and gestures are beneficial skills that can be applied in all areas of a person’s life in order to simplify and improve life. Work Cited Burgoon, Judee K., Valerie Manusov, and Laura K. Guerrero. Nonverbal communication . Routledge, 2021.

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“Nothing to Hide” Argument Regarding Privacy Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Author’s Main Ideas 3. Interpretation of Procedures 4. Data Analysis Strategies 5. Conclusion/Recommendation 6. Reference Introduction Privacy in the digital age is a subject of constant public policy debates. While proponents argue that protecting this right would uphold issues of physician-patient confidentiality, business secrets, and whistleblowing inherent in a democracy, opponents contend that it can be sacrificed for security. This section of the paper critiques a research article exploring the arguments for and against the nothing to hide claim and its foundational flaws. Author’s Main Ideas The first article’s goal is to explore the “nothing to hide” argument in the context of privacy conceptions. The problem addressed is that this claim is anchored in misconceptions about privacy. In part one, Solove (2007) introduces the events of September 11, 2001, which triggered a new wave of secret federal surveillance ostensibly to guard against terrorism. In their aftermath, personal data mining by wiretapping suspects’ phone calls through a federal project (Total Information Awareness) gained prominence in an attempt to thwart future attacks. According to Solove (2007), the post-September 11 era also saw the U.S. government begin tracking bank transactions globally to stop terrorism financing. Despite the implications of these developments for privacy, most people dismiss them, claiming that they have nothing to hide. In the second part of the article, the author examines the “nothing to hide” idea that has dominated public discourses more deeply. However, everyone, including those making this claim, would want to protect the intimate side of their lives. A counterargument is that people engaged in illegal activity lose the right to keep such pursuits private. In the third part, the author explores privacy as a concept and its philosophical underpinnings. Solove (2007) distinguishes a traditional conceptualization approach that sees privacy as “intimate information, access, and decisions” (p. 755). However, this method is too narrow to capture all aspects of this concept. A broader view of privacy encompasses different conceptions extending beyond intimacy. The final part of the article discusses the arguments against the “nothing to hide” perspective. Solove (2007) notes that a major flaw of this viewpoint is viewing privacy as a “form of concealment or secrecy” (p. 763). However, government programs that access data from third parties and use them without oversight infringe on fundamental civil liberties. Another problem is the inability to quantify deterred behavior due to surveillance. People are also not aware of how their data are being used, and cannot access or amend personal information once collected. Finally, secondary use of data for other unintended purposes portends another danger. Solove’s (2007) taxonomy of privacy outlines problems associated with data collection, processing, dissemination, and invasion and gives a basis for comprehending different facets of this issue. He concludes that viewed from the specific flaws identified in his framework, the “nothing to hide” argument lacks potency. Interpretation of Procedures The author’s purpose is clear in the introduction: exploring the “nothing to hide” argument more deeply. The article presents an organized and incisive analysis of the issue beginning with the dominant view in popular discourses. In the first part, the author builds a cogent background to the problem, examining how the post-September 11 era led to warrantless wiretapping and mining of sensitive data that continue to this day. This element of the analytic procedure proves his deep understanding of the subject. He conducts in-depth research to identify material supporting his claims. In the first section and throughout the article, the researcher uses reports and commentaries on government surveillance activities in American popular media. The information from mainstream sources, such as USA Today and The New York Times, is the subject of analysis in this article. Generally, these reports can be considered authoritative and reliable if the source is verified. To give a historical perspective to the “nothing to hide” argument, the author includes excerpts from novels and novellas, such as Traps. The ideas in this fictional works help deconstruct this claim by illustrating how everyone has intimate aspects of personal life that need protection. The author also relies on the responses to the “nothing to hide” claim posted by readers in his blog, Concurring Opinions. Verbatim user comments by bloggers are included in the article help illustrate the analytic components of the article’s findings. The approach also gives the human story underlying the author’s observations. Solove (2007) uses quotations wisely to prove the overwhelming public disdain for the argument. He shifts between generalized observations and compelling utterances s to give insight into privacy conceptions. This procedure helped enrich the knowledge of the “nothing to hide claim” and privacy. However, the anecdotes quoted from blogs, though evocative, may not be factual unless the author conducts the interviews or surveys using a validated instrument. In this article, no attempts were made to obtain qualitative data for analysis but only used secondary information was used. The author also consults data security, privacy experts, and court judgments to illustrate his main argument. Their assertions help develop a coherent discourse about privacy and the growing concern over the government’s unfettered access to information deemed private. In conceptualizing privacy and analyzing its social value, the author uses common theories, including those by Charles Fried and John Dewey. Spontaneous reference to the useful frameworks helped contextualize the analysis for the reader to understand it better. A major drawback identified in the article is that the argument seemed unbalanced – opinions often involve bias. The views of the “nothing to hide” proponents (mainly government officials) were limited. Including their perspectives would have added objectivity and fairness to the analysis. Data Analysis Strategies The article involved a qualitative analysis of different information, including primary and secondary data. Analyzing and mining blog reader comments and expert opinions was the main approach used. The author collected these primary data and used it to provide a narrative analysis of the “nothing to hide” argument. Although it is not stated, the thematic analysis must have been employed in identifying key themes around which the article is organized. However, the varied formats of the qualitative information require a structured approach (repeated reading, coding, and inductive development of themes) to discover meanings but this procedure is not apparent in this article. The author includes moves back and forth between verbatim comments or reports and his claims. The wisely used excerpts of verbal accounts help lend credence to his arguments throughout the article. However, the author does not indicate the number of comments or expert opinions obtained; thus, the extent to which all qualitative data collected were utilized in the synthesis is not clear. Further, in the second part where the author explores the “nothing to hide argument”, the article includes a series of verbatim quotation excerpts with minimal explanation. Thus, the ideas being communicated were lost due to the overdoing of the quotes. The secondary analysis was the predominant approach used in this article. Diverse reports from newspapers, Supreme Court rulings, agency webpages, and technical reports form the bulk of the information sources. A narrative integrated presentation of their findings is used to support each argument. However, the author does not detail the methods employed to analyze the secondary data nor the strategies utilized to increase methodological rigor in the research. Conclusion/Recommendation The article reviewed focuss on privacy of personal data under government control. The security of the information stored in public databases is under threat from increased access by government officials. A dismissive attitude dominating public discourses is the “nothing to hide” claim. The article is a rebuttal of this argument that reveals its inherent flaws and builds a strong counterargument based on the lack of oversight over federal use of data and potential information misuse. Ensuring individual rights to data in the hands of government is recommended as away of dealing with inappropriate use of such information. Reference Solove, D. J. (2007). “I’ve got nothing to hide” and other misunderstandings of privacy. San Diego Law Review, 44, 745-772. Web.

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Nurses’ Ethical Dilemmas in the Work Environment Essay Introduction In every healthcare setting, the need to meet optimal patient care requires nurses to maintain ethical practices and follow the outlined principles effectively. The relationship between the sick individual, relative, and practitioner is vital for ensuring better services to the ailing person. In most cases, nurses are faced with technical situations that require them to make sensible decisions while taking into consideration the welfare of the client and family members (Bratz & Sandoval-Ramirez, 2018). Such challenging moments call for the caregivers to critically apply the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice to ensure they optimally attend to the customers appropriately. Morals allow nurses to detect ethical dilemmas in the work environment and make sound judgments and practical decisions according to their values and beliefs while maintaining their conduct within the laws that govern their profession. Based on the current health status of Mr. Newcomb, I would approve the request to meet his mistress. First, Mr. Newcomb is at a critical stage of pancreatic cancer, and having in mind all the pain he is going through; it would be appropriate to consider his wish. Currently, he is under hospice care, where the main focus is to ensure he receives quality time and comfort experience before his death time. At this point, anything that makes Mr. Newcomb happy matters most for his life. He needs something that can make him happy to lengthen his days. Disapproving the request would diminish the trust Mr. Newcomb has in me, and he will probably start withdrawing his attention from my services, which will be disastrous for his health. Therefore, to maintain the connection and ensure he receives quality care, I would ensure his desires are met. The practice will be good for the patient’s health, but for his wife, it would sound like a betrayal. As a nurse, I will make it secret after inquiring about the relationship between Mr. Newcomb and the mistress from him. Once I realize the relationship is healthy, I will formulate a way of allowing the patient to meet his friend. Principle of Beneficence In healthcare, the principle of beneficence requires a nurse to be kind and act in a way that benefits the patient. Caregivers are expected to support the welfare of sick individuals by preventing any harm while preserving moral rules (Giles et al., 2018). In the case of Mr. Newcomb, he wanted to meet his mistress, and the action would bring him joy and happiness that, in return, improved his health condition. Allowing interaction between the patient and the visitor is an act that follows the moral of beneficence. At the same time, keeping it a secret from their wife is protecting him from guilt and fear that would cause his status to deteriorate abnormally, reducing the number of his days to live. Principle of Non-Maleficence The principle of non-maleficence prohibits nurse practitioners from engaging in any action intentionally that can harm the patient. Based on the case of Mr. Newcomb, rejecting his request would cause him stress and pain following the sensitiveness of the wish. Therefore, finding a means of giving him a chance to meet the mistress would be of great help to his care. I already knew that refusing to grant the permission would result in more traumas for the patient; hence, if I declined intentionally, my practice would be against the principle of non-maleficence (Ilkafah et al., 2021). If I weigh the burdens of denying and granting the opportunity, accepting the request presents more benefits to the welfare of Mr. Newcomb, which is necessary for his hospice care management. Principle of Autonomy The principle of autonomy allows patients to make independent decisions concerning their needs. According to the scenario of Mr. Newcomb, he had the right to moral practice. Therefore, it is ethical to allow him to exercise his capacity of sovereignty. Upon hearing the patient’s request, I would have to assess his ability to carry on with the wish. If he is capable, then the principle applies, and the individual explores his self-determination. When I allowed Mr. Newcomb to meet his mistress following his decision, I adhered to the practice of autonomy to improve patient care services. Principle of Justice In nursing, the principle of justice requires nurses to practice fairness, equitability, and equality for all patients. The moral promotes recognition of a sick person’s dignity irrespective of their status (Silva & Oliveira, 2020). According to the scenario of Mr. Newcomb, I would apply the standard by allowing him to meet his mistress. The practice would follow the requirement of justice, which is to be fair to the patient. Displaying justice would indicate care to the victim hence enhancing his emotional strength towards the services he is receiving within the facility. Beliefs and Values Generally, personal beliefs and values play a vital role in influencing ethical practice in the work setting. Education, past experience, and culture are key factors that significantly determine how an individual portrays moral behaviors (Sari et al., 2018). I believe in the provision of care for people in need, and the concept has been of great help when it comes to solving dilemmas. According to Mr. Newcomb’s scenario, my decision was greatly influenced by the value of caring, which prompted me to do what was possible to help him relieve the constant pain. Based on my nursing experience, if you prevent patients from what they wish to have, they become depressed and lose trust in the care provider. Therefore, apart from the principles of ethical conduct, my beliefs and values would form part of the decision I make about a patient’s welfare. Strategies for Promoting Self-Care Generally, nurses engage in different activities to ensure patients receive the best care services within the facility. It is their responsibility to ensure sick individuals’ well-being is achieved. Their duty requires maximum concentration and focus on ensuring they deliver optimal care to patients. They, therefore, need proper strategies to enable them to improve patients’ self-care to enhance the quality and safety of their health (Wang et al., 2019). The practice allows patients to have good physical and mental health while undergoing medication to enable them to overcome the stress and pain of the disease. Some techniques, such as regular exercise, maintaining friends, and healthy eating habits, facilitate self-care among patients. Practicing Healthy Eating Habit Different categories of meals patients consume have impacts on their health. Nurses should ensure a sick person has a proper balance diet to help build their immune system. They should also make sure sugary foods are not given to the patient because of their adverse effects. Healthy eating habits would allow patients to have enough energy necessary for their physical fitness. Caregivers should encourage patients to consume foodstuffs that would help them have better growth. Regular Exercise Practicing regular physical exercise is essential for the health of a patient. Nurses should advise sick individuals to have a planned routine for engaging in bodily activities. The practice would ensure patients reduce anxiety, depression, and trauma caused by the disorder. Furthermore, during the exercises, patients would feel engaged, thus increasing their concentration and happiness. Implementing simple workouts would keep their bodies fit and strong to withstand the agony of the illness. Maintaining Friendships Sick persons require a high sense of belonging to make them feel loved hence eliminating stigmatization. Nurses should encourage patients to interact with their loved ones frequently to ensure they feel part of them irrespective of their health condition. Furthermore, having a close connection would lower stress levels and make them become strong and happy. The practice would make patients feel free and remain determined throughout the provision of care services. Conclusion In summary, it is essential for nurses to embrace ethics in their work to ensure they deliver the best care services to the patients. Such principles as beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice are critical in helping care providers make sound decisions when faced with a dilemma. Therefore, it is important for practitioners to adhere to the practices to enable them to work within the laws that govern nursing. In addition, following numerous activities that health providers perform, they require proper strategies to help them improve their self-care. Such approaches as healthy eating habits, maintaining a friendship, and physical exercise are vital in enhancing patients’ self-care. References Bratz, J. K. A., & Sandoval-Ramirez, M. (2018). Ethical competences for the development of nursing care . The Brazilian Journal of Nursing, 71 , 1810-1814. Web. Giles, T., de Lacey, S., & Muir‐Cochrane, E. (2018). How do clinicians practise the principles of beneficence when deciding to allow or deny family presence during resuscitation? . Journal of Clinical Nursing , 27 (5-6), e1214-e1224. Web. Ilkafah, I., Tyas, A. P. M., & Haryanto, J. (2021). Factors related to implementation of nursing care ethical principles in Indonesia . Journal of Public Health Research , 10 (2), 2211. Web. Sari, D., Baysal, E., Celik, G. G., & Eser, I. (2018). Ethical decision making levels of nursing students . Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences , 34 (3), 724. Web. Silva, N. C. D., & Oliveira, H. M. (2020). Reflections on equity and its applicability to the nursing work process . The Brazilian Journal of Nursing , 73 (3), e20190783. Web. Wang, Z., Yin, G., & Jia, R. (2019). Impacts of self-care education on adverse events and mental health related quality of life in breast cancer patients under chemotherapy . Complementary Therapies in Medicine , 43 , 165-169. Web.

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Nurses’ Prevention of Surgical Site Infections Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Methods of Study 3. Results of Study 4. Ethical Considerations 5. Outcomes Comparison 6. References Background The problem of post-surgery infections has been relevant over the years. When the organism is healing after surgery, it becomes especially vulnerable to infection due to which pathogen organisms may enter the area of incision. Post-surgery infections often lead to severe complications and increase in mortality rate. The significance of this problem to nursing lies with the fact that nurses work in surgeries and it is their task to take care of patients in the aftermath of operations. By being negligent and not prudent enough while changing patients’ bondages, a nurse may let the infection penetrate the incision. The purposes of the study is to make surgical patients less exposed to surgical cite infections (SSIs) and improve the quality of their lives and to assess nurses’ understanding of evidence-based prevention of surgical site infections. The objective is to find methods that would allow to do that with practical evidence from operating rooms and to describe how nurses’ knowledge is related to selected sociodemographic factors. The research question is: how can operating room nurses use evidence-based care in prevention of Surgical Site Infections and reduce patient exposure to them. Another question is what is the level of nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs in acute care settings. The articles chosen for the research discuss the issue of surgical cite infections through the lens of nurses’ involvement in the process. The article entitled The Persistent Breach between Evidence and Practice in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection portrays the possibilities of the intra-operative prevention of SSIs by operating room nurses. The article called Intraoperative Prevention of Surgical Site Infections as Experienced by Operating Room Nurses examines what factors may stand in the way of implementation of SSIs prevention practices. The relevance of the first article in regard to my PICOT question is that it provides an example of the SSI prevention system, constructed by the article’s authors and legitimate enough to be implemented. The relevance of the second article to my PICOT question lies with the fact that in it is necessary to explore all the obstacles on the way to translate evidence into practice. The article called Compliance and barriers facing nurses with surgical site infection prevention guidelines deals with difficulties nurses may face in trying to act according to the instructions. The article entitled Jordanian nurses’ knowledge of preventing surgical site infections in acute care settings dwells on the nursing practice regarding the factors influencing caregivers’ knowledge of evidence-based care to prevent SSIs. These articles answer the Picot question of whether operating room nurses could use evidence-based nursing care to prevent Surgical Site Infections and reduce patient exposure to these issues. When it comes to Qvistgaard et al. (2019), their intervention lied with the fact of interviewing practicing operating nurses. Comparison groups were patterns in the interviewees’ answers that were used to build clusters of meaning. These clusters of meaning served as a determinant of a core meaning, which constituted a phenomenon’s essence. Badia et al. (2020) used a Web-based questionnaire as their intervention method. The questionnaire was distributed among practicing operating nurses across the country. The answers to this questionnaire were compared against recommended guidelines of clinical practice from renowned organizations. Qasem & Hweidi (2017) chose to ask nurses fill questionnaires within 15 minutes and return at the same visit time. From the PICOT question, the intervention is evidence-based, which is consistent with Mohsen et al. (2020), who conducted self-reported surveys from caregivers in selected hospitals. My PICOT questions interventions and comparisons look similar to the ones provided in the articles: interventions are aimed at polling practicing professionals in the field, and comparison groups are universally accepted in the field guidelines. Methods of Study Qvistgaard et al. (2019) chose the study method of Reflective Lifeworld Research, or RLR. Qvistgaard et al. (2019) state that this method allows the researches to embrace peculiarities as well as generalities of the phenomena they research. Therefore, RLR’s methodological principles are openness, discernment, and contemplation – principles that aim at grasping the phenomenon’s essential nature and its variations. Badia et al. (2020) were not specific about the methods used and only stated that their project was put on record in the United States clinical trials registry and reported in accordance with the criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. However, responses to a questionnaire were put into a computer base, which was analyzed using statistical software suite. Qasem & Hweidi (2017) used a cross-sectional design, and nurses from four hospitals participated. The authors calculated this sample size using power analysis and presented multiple-choice questionnaires to test the nurses’ knowledge. Mohsen at al. (2020) employed a cross-sectional descriptive research, collecting data from surgical units in four hospitals which involved self-reported survey. Therefore, methods described in the studies differ significantly: Qvistgaard et al. (2019) focus on their own openness and unbiasedness, whereas Badia et al. (2020) give attention to the technical side of the question. Qvistgaard et al. (2019) rely solely on the results of the interviews while Badia et al. (2020) compare the results of questionnaire to published guidelines. Qasem & Hweidi (2017) and Mohsen et al. (2020) both used a cross-sectional study design, which captures information from participants with different characteristics. However, Qasem & Hweidi (2017) used sample size calculation to make their results more reliable, while Mohsen et al. (2020) stuck to descriptive research methods. The benefits and drawbacks of the methods used are as follows. Qvistgaard et al. (2019) demonstrate their willingness to admit any result they may get by placing emphasis on openness and unbiased character of the analysis. Moreover, they try to discern the generalization from peculiarities building reliable framework for further researchers. The possible limitation of this method lies with the fact that, by trying to consider every valuable opinion on the subject and viewing it from every possible angle, researchers might not come to any definite conclusion. In such cases, additional tools to lean on are necessary – for instance, as with Qvistgaard et al. (2019), comparison groups. The approach of Badia et al. (2020) has the advantage of being totally transparent. By entering data in a computer form and allowing the machine to analyze it, the authors reduce to zero the probability of a mistake. However, by choosing to focus on the technical side only, researchers might lose the sight of more important issues, such as integrity and representativeness. The key advantage of a cross-sectional study employed by Qasem & Hweidi (2017) and Mohsen et al. (2020) is that the findings approve or disapprove study assumptions, which informs in-depth research. However, the design cannot assess behavior over a specified period because it captures information at a particular time, while other variables such as income, experience, and age change with time Results of Study Results of studies depended largely on the methods used; however, all studies managed to come up with applicable results in nursing practice which makes them beneficial for the study. Qvistgaard et al. (2019) discovered that SSI prevention is not only dependent on the team’s function but also on an individual’s personal and organizational legitimacy. Seeing themselves as a part of a team responsible for its performance, nurses should remember that in order to be of use and do no harm in an operating room, they have to be prepared. Badia et al. (2020), in their turn, found that among the most widely used SSI preventive measures are those that surgeons and nurses have got used to resort to in their practice. Qasem & Hweidi (2017) found significant difference in the understanding of caregivers at intensive care units and those attending other departments. Qasem & Hweidi (2017) imply that practical experience enhances knowledge and boosts ability, while theoretical education is often not enough to be of use in operating rooms. Mohsen e al. (2020) found that most of the nurses had poor practice and knowledge of SSIs and had to get additional practical education to count in operating rooms. The implications of all studies lead one to the same conclusion: the practice of SSI prevention in the operating room needs to be taken more seriously. A nursing specialist must rely not only on the work of their team but also on their specific actions. It is essential that these actions correspond with one’s beliefs: while most of the professionals tend to be trained properly, it does not mean much unless it makes difference in their working environment. Additionally, a nursing specialist must be aware of the responsibility they have every time they enter the operating room — especially to the patient, who might be harmed by any careless movement. Moreover, there must be consistency in regard to the practices recommended to implement in order to insure SSI prevention. Ethical Considerations It is essential to take into account ethical considerations when conducting a research. One of the most important considerations is the process of consent. Volunteers have to know exactly what they agree to and have an opportunity to withdraw from further participation at any stage of the process. The other essential consideration is the correspondence to criteria of ethical conduct established by the Codes of Ethics and Code of Practice. Qvistgaard et al. (2019) state, that their study was approved by the ethical committee of the country they conducted it in (Sweden) and that all ethical considerations met the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Badia et al. (2020) report that if a person with relevant qualifications expressed no desire to be questioned or wished to refuse during the process, they faced no obstacles or repercussions. Qasem & Hweidi (2017) stated that their research questions ran inline with Code of Ethics and Code of Practice’s recommendations. Mohsen e al. (2020) asserted that all participants of the study took part in it willingly with the aim to improve the quality of care in surgical sites. Outcomes Comparison The anticipated outcomes for the PICOT question include the significance of evidence-based care in controlling SSI and an elaboration of how scientific care prevents patient exposure to SSIs. Moreover, anticipated outcomes include elaboration of measures that would reduce cases of negligence to a zero and provide guidelines for better practical application of theoretical knowledge. Concerning the outcomes for the PICOT question, the articles proved that evidence-based nursing is crucial in preventing SSI and that poor knowledge of SSI contributed to more facility related diseases among patients. The outcomes of the four articles examined in this study partially coincide with the expected outcomes. Both expected and actual outcomes state that quality nursing care is crucial for reducing the number of SSIs among surgical patients; both underline the necessity of practical experience in additions to theoretical knowledge. However, the articles fell short of elaborating measures that would increase the quality of nursing care in surgical sites, even though they highlight the lack of knowledge among nursing staff. References Badia, J. M., Rubio-Pérez, I., López-Menéndez, J., Diez, C., Bolaños, B. A. R., Ocaña-Guaita, J.,… & Balibrea, J. M. (2020). The persistent breach between evidence and practice in the prevention of Surgical Site Infection. Qualitative study. International Journal of Surgery, 82, 231-239. Qasem, M. N., & Hweidi, I. M. (2017). Jordanian nurses’ knowledge of preventing surgical site infections in acute care settings. Scientific Research, 7 (5). Qvistgaard, M., Lovebo, J., & Almerud-Österberg, S. (2019). Intraoperative prevention of Surgical Site Infections as experienced by operating room nurses . International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 14(1), 1632109. Mohsen, M. H., Riad, N. A., & Badawy, A. I. (2020). Compliance and barriers facing nurses with surgical site infection prevention guidelines . Scientific Research, 10 (1).

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Nursing and Health Science Major Choice Essay Young people are known for their desire to change as many things in their life as possible in a short period. They like to make decisions, find opportunities, offer new ideas, and follow their dreams. This is what has recently been happening to me and explains my intention to get accepted to the program in this academic facility. Nursing is not just another career option I want to learn but a field of knowledge that should significantly improve my life. The question of health is more than serious today, and people need additional help and support to cope with an existing variety of diseases, health problems, pandemic-related concerns, and physiological challenges. I am taking a conscious step by applying to this program and choosing nursing and health science as my major to value care quality and promote health through developing the necessary skills and knowledge. The progress of nursing is remarkable and influential from multiple perspectives. Some people are ready to use any chance to advance this profession, while many individuals believe that this job is full of challenges. Human despair, unpredictable traumas, and innovation aspiration may provoke nursing burnout, anger, and depression (“Health Systems Are Implementing Creative Strategies”). However, modern progress and strategies allow healthcare employees to deal with such situations and predict the growth of negative emotions. Nurses play an important role in human life by supporting, explaining, and encouraging individuals when their health is not stable. I want to become a part of this process and recognize the worth of professional interactions. I understand that an application to any academic program requires certain skills and evidence that my participation can be beneficial not only for my personal growth but for the people who contribute to my professionalism. At my 22, I cannot say that I am too experienced in many nursing activities, but I am confident that I am ready to study and appreciate each piece of information I am offered. I am a quick learner and observer, which, I think, is critical in health and nursing care. I also comprehend that nursing is a constantly developing field, and it is necessary to investigate most of the time, including reading journal articles, participating in conferences, and commenting on forums. I am a communicative person, and interpersonal cooperation is a core aspect of any occupation. In addition to my knowledge and skills, I need to focus on my competencies as a nurse. It is not enough for me to help people be treated but to make sure they are aware of how to predict health complications and improve their well-being. I know that most people who address care providers are confused about their health, medications, and other interventions. My nursing support is vital, and I want to learn as much as possible about this profession to become the best. There are many reasons why I believe that nursing is the career I deserve in this life. I have already decided to move from California to Ohio, and this transfer should bring good results. It is not always easy for me to change something, as most students do, but this choice is inspired by my lifelong passion. An opportunity to care for others is my major motivation, and this program contains interesting and valuable elements for my professional and personal growth. Work Cited “Health Systems Are Implementing Creative Strategies to Support Nurses’ Mental Health and Well-Being – More Still Needs to Be Done.” Johnson & Johnson Nursing , 2021, Web.

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Nursing Interventions: Alyssa’s Case Essay The nurse needs to get information on Alyssa’s health history and the physical assessment results to propose adequate interventions. Alyssa was diagnosed with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), which may be an additional risk factor for other heart problems. The girl’s current symptoms include noticeably rapid heartbeat, dizziness, pale complexion, and increased sweating. She has already experienced the same symptoms, which denotes that her condition might be reoccurring. The nurse needs to evaluate the cardiac output rate formed by the heart rate and the stroke volume, heart sounds, and calcium level (Hinkle & Cheever, 2018). The physical assessment results may indicate some acquired cardiovascular condition, such as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which major symptom is the increased heart rate (Hinkle & Cheever, 2018). The information obtained from the physical assessment will influence the nursing plan and the necessary nursing interventions. The nurse should support Alyssa and closely monitor her condition. The first priority nursing intervention is assessing heart rate and blood pressure (Nurseslabs, 2019). The rationale for it is that it is important to monitor these indicators as compensatory tachycardia and decreased blood pressure may indicate reduced cardiac output (Nurseslabs, 2019). The second nursing intervention is monitoring an electrocardiogram (ECG) for heart rate, rhythm, and ectopy (Nurseslabs, 2019). It will help detect cardiac dysrhythmias and tachycardia that affect cardiac output (Nurseslabs, 2019). The nursing third intervention includes providing adequate rest periods that decrease myocardial and oxygen demand (Nurseslabs, 2019). These are three important interventions that Alyssa’s nurse must perform. Another important intervention is the administration of the prescribed medication – adenosine. Adenosine is one of the drugs included in the list of antiarrhythmic agents (Karch, 2020). Adenosine decelerates “conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, prolongs the refractory period, and decreases automaticity in the AV node” (Karch, 2020, p. 1960). It has a short duration of action (about 15 seconds) and may have only a few negative side effects, including headache, flushing, and dyspnea of short duration (Karch, 2020, p.1960). Antiarrhythmic drugs are not usually prescribed to children unless they had cardiac surgery or, as in Alyssa’s case, have congenital heart issues (Karch, 2020). Thus, Alyssa should be monitored by the nurse after the drug’s administration to detect possible adverse effects (Karch, 2020). This is the key pharmacologic and administration information on adenosine. The nurse needs to provide adequate patient and family medication education before Alyssa’s discharge. It should cover digoxin’s effects and possible side effects, which should be immediately reported to the healthcare provider if detected, the dosage, and the compatibility with other drugs. Digoxin (or Lanoxin) is a drug utilized to “increase the strength of heart contractions” (Karch, 2020, p. 75). It decelerates calcium leaving the cell, increasing the action potential and “slowing conduction and heart rate” (Karch, 2020, p. 1960). Alyssa’s parents should report any changes in her diet and medications to the healthcare provider to avoid any adverse effects (Karsh, 2020). As for compatibility, it is prohibited to use digoxin together with St. John’s wort, quinidine, rifampin, and midodrine (Karch, 2020). Before administering the dose, it is necessary to count the apical pulse for one full minute and withhold if it is less than 90 (Ricci, 2021). Giving an oral form of digoxin with meals should be avoided (Ricci, 2021). Digoxin has narrow safety margins for the dosage, especially for children (Karch, 2020). Therefore, it is vital for Alyssa’s parents not to violate the nurse’s recommendations on its administration. References Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K.H. (2018). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing (14 th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Karch, A. M. (2020). Focus on nursing pharmacology (8 th ed.). (R. G. Tucker, Ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Nurseslabs. (2019). 5 congenital heart disease nursing care plans. Web. Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S. (2021). Maternity and pediatric nursing (4 th ed.). Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Nutritional Teaching Plan for a Protein Restricted Diet Research Paper A protein-restricted diet involves the reduced intake of protein foods that constitutes an individual’s daily calories. This diet is typically prescribed to control specific medical conditions such as kidney and liver diseases. These foods include eggs, nuts, salmon, chicken, and beef, containing high protein levels (Suzuki et al., 2018). Therefore, a low intake of proteins is a dietary style preferred for geriatric patients considering that their metabolism slows down in senior age, indicating that high-protein foods could result in weight gain and other diseases (Mirzaei et al., 2017). Therefore, an inclusive nutritional teaching strategy on low protein intake among geriatric patients is integral in promoting a healthy lifestyle. There are various risks associated with aging, including low immunity, unhealthy eating patterns, and the reoccurrence of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. In addition, when people age, their immune system reduces significantly due to the less production of the B and T cells that help fight against illnesses when they occur (Suzuki et al., 2018). Similarly, senior people are prone to developing unbalanced dietary systems due to social-economic factors such as a lack of a certified caregiver and finances to access healthier food choices. Additionally, geriatrics suffers from degenerative diseases such as dementia, affecting their judgment and nutritional choices (Mirzaei et al., 2017). Therefore, effective training in self-management is integral in facilitating change among this population of people. For example, patient M is a 68years African American male diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (Suzuki et al., 2018). He is reported to have been taking half a pound of meat and three eggs daily. He mentioned that he loves his eggs and meat every day, and he feels happy and satisfied after taking the meal. When asked about the dangers of his dietary pattern, he said nothing is wrong with eating since proteins are the building blocks of body tissues and muscles. As a retired bodybuilder, he still loves big muscles and maintains a high-protein diet to sustain his physique. However, his responses indicate a man with information distorted from the truth. Therefore, considering his medical history and age, he must be put on a low-protein diet since both variables put him at risk of experiencing health deterioration (Mirzaei et al., 2017). Additionally, he needs training on the best dietary behaviors to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Considering the high protein levels in his blood and the polycystic kidney disease, patient M should embrace the low-protein diet plan. Therefore, the meat and eggs will be substituted with vegetables and grains such as spinach and green peas. These plant-based proteins contain healthy compounds such as unsaturated fats and cholesterol that are harmless to health. However, the patient can still take low quantities of meat and other grains and fruits to ensure they get enough calories needed. An example is making fried rice with 50grams of meat instead of the earlier consumption range of 500grams daily (Mirzaei et al., 2017). This restricted protein intake will ensure that the blood is detoxified from excess protein intake. The short nutritional teaching plan, including a meal makeover and focusing on food contents, will be presented using nutritional videos and uniform brochures to promote mindful eating. Meal makeover videos will train the client on ways to incorporate their favorite plant-based recipes to ensure they maintain the stipulated diet (Suzuki et al., 2018). For instance, African Americans love soya and beans, which can be used instead of eggs and meat. The client will also be taught how to interpret the nutritional label to make informed choices. For instance, the patient will understand that 100 calories per serving are recommended and considered moderate through learning and discovery (Mirzaei et al., 2017). Therefore and anything beyond that mark has detrimental effects on health. Presenting this training will require cultural competence to ensure that different beliefs are considered when creating suggestions. The reason is that the patient has both Mediterranean and Spanish traits. Therefore, the foods prescribed must be cross-cultural to ensure that the process is done without prejudice. For instance, people from the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures appreciate spices in their foods for taste (Suzuki et al., 2018). On the other hand, Latinos prefer cereals such as rice, whole grain corn, and rice in their diet (Mirzaei et al., 2017). Therefore, the patient can be encouraged to use herbs such as garlic and turmeric in their rice dishes to ensure that the food is relatable, ideal, and of high nutritional value to substitute the unhealthy food intake. Furthermore, appreciating diversity will ensure that the family complies with the set rules considering that all decisions will be inclusive and respective of their beliefs, preferences, and customs. The geriatric populations are individuals prone to illnesses which can be prevented. Lifestyle habits such as daily consumption of meat may affect health, considering that excess proteins in the bloodstream have negative consequences on health. Moderate intake is advised to ensure that the internal organs such as the kidneys do not overwork to remove waste since it can trigger organ failure in senior age. Training is integral since it creates awareness and supports lifestyle change. People become responsible for their health through responsible dieting and supporting wellness. Relatable videos and pamphlets can enhance information retention in such training. References Mirzaei, H., Raynes, R., & Longo, V. D. (2017). The conserved role for protein restriction during aging and disease. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care , 19 (1), 74. Web. Suzuki, H., Kanazawa, M., Komagamine, Y., Iwaki, M., Jo, A., Amagai, N., & Minakuchi, S. (2018). The effect of new complete denture fabrication and simplified dietary advice on nutrient intake and masticatory function of edentulous elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition , 37 (5), 1441-1447. Web.

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O. Henry’s “The Gift of the Magi” and Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart” Essay The two stories “The Tell-Tale Heart” by Edgar Allen Poe and “The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry were examples of their authors’ writing talent. O. Henry and Poe were writers from separate eras; however, some similarities can be found in these stories, especially in terms of literary techniques employed. At the same time, the two stories differ in that they adopt distinct approaches to societal tensions and emphasize various parts of these and challenges. “The Gift of the Magi” deals with a couple named James and Della, who eventually sold their most valuable belongings to buy each other presents for Christmas. Della discovers a set of pricey ornate hair combs, but they are worthless because she chopped off her hair to purchase Jim a chain for his watch, which he subsequently sold to give her a gift (O. Henry). In certain socioeconomic situation (the couple is impoverished), O. Henry employs irony to show the situation in which a person can give up the most precious thing to show love. The major components of which “The Gift of the Magi” is being built up are irony and selfless love. While O. Henry’s story explores the positive aspects of these concepts, Poe delves into more negative, darker dimensions through the narratives of mental disorder. “The Gift of the Magi” became one of the foremost literary examples of irony (Sushma). Jim and Della offer their most valued belongings in this case so that the others might completely appreciate their gift. Jim sells his watch to purchase Della’s combs, anticipating that she will utilize them, while Della sells her hair to buy a present for Jim. Neither of them expects the other to go to such lengths. The irony here is effective on both a practical and a deeper, emotive level (Zafarovna). Della and Jim both purchase each other a gift that turns out to be financially foolish. They cannot spend money on stuff they won’t use since they’re impoverished. They do, however, receive something they did not expect: a present that reminds them of how much they love one other and are prepared to go to great lengths to make each other happy (Zafarovna). They offered each other the most powerful statement of their love they could muster. One of Poe’s shortest stories, “The Tell-Tale Heart,” deals with paranoia and mental disintegration. While in “The Gifts of Magi” the aspect of mental illnesses is omitted, more focusing on the general assumptions of hardships of living being impoverished, Poe, as in most of his stories, delves into deeps of human mentality. In this story, Poe delves into a psychological mystery: why individuals damage those they love or need in their life (Bloom). Po, the narrator, adores the elderly gentleman. He is not envious of the elderly man’s fortune (he, himself, is impoverished), nor is he vengeful about minor matters. In this approach, the narrator removes potential reasons for a crime (Alsahafi). The narrator, claiming his own sanity, is fixated on the old man’s vulture look. In the end, the narrator further dehumanizes the elderly man by murdering him and dismembering his victim. The narrator validates his theory that the old man’s eye is distinct from him by fully killing him and dividing him into several bits (Poe). The protagonist, on the other hand, ironically confesses to the crime when the police turn up. Poe’s stories are known for literally bringing the dead back to life by utilizing memory as a trigger to bring them back to life (Alsahafi). He identifies the bothering sound as the old man’s heart beating beneath the floorboards, which completely ruins his mental health. To make their stories more interesting for readers, O. Henry and Poe employed suspense, irony, or both. Irony has become a common thread running through both works, making them very similar in this aspect of their use of literary devices. Both O. Henry and Poe became well known for the twist endings, an unexpected outcome leading to a reassessment of the initial positions of their characters. However, the aspects of irony explored by authors are completely different. In “The Gifts of the Magi,” the irony brings the story to somewhat of a happy end. The ironic outcome of the gifts exchange serves as a bridge to the understanding of love, that is, sacrificing the most precious possessions (Sushma). Poe’s narrative is way darker in this regard, leading a reader not to expect the confession of a murderer, who is suddenly disturbed my ‘a heart pounding’. Poe often employs dramatic irony, such as the narrator’s kindness to an elderly man a week before he murders him. The reader would not anticipate the narrator to be courteous to the elderly guy before killing him, therefore thus being a dramatic irony. Another ironic metaphor is situational, as the elderly gentleman keeps his windows securely shut due to his fear of intruders (Alsahafi). It is ironic since the narrator, who lives with him, is the only burglar near his house. In both stories, the authors deal with impoverished protagonists who are going through a difficult time. This makes another point of comparison between stories. There are certain socioeconomic parallels between characters, and the environment is also nearly the same, namely, a modest flat. Moreover, both take place in the winter, one in January and the other at the turn of the century around Christmas time. The difference in socioeconomic conflicts, exaggerated by moral compasses, is still recognizable. Poe, in his usual manner, explores the insanity, leaving his protagonist with a moral imperative – he can not run away from your consciousness, no matter how finely did he cut it (and hid it) (Bloom). O’Henry built his narrative of slightly different construction, although also psychological – the connection between foolishness and socioeconomic conditions (Zafarovna). His protagonists sacrificed all they had for things they did not need, which theoretically can tear their lives apart. “The Tell-Tale Heart” by Edgar Allen Poe and “The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry is exemplary literature works that contributed to the development of modern literature. As it was discussed, both authors resorted to the use of irony and similar decorations while exploring ultimately different outcomes in their own fashion. O. Henry presented us the eternal story of unselfish love, not deprived of more complicated, behind-the-bars dilemmas. In his traditional suspenseful, gothic style, Poe drove his protagonist to the murder of the person he tacitly adored, though at the same time hated. The differences and similarities of both pieces signify the uniqueness of the authors’ writing style, points of view, and overall impression on the readers. Works Cited Alsahafi, Morad. “A Narrative Discourse Analysis of Poe’s Short Story” The Tell-Tale Heart”: Implications for Language Teaching.” English Language Teaching vol 13, no. 1, 2020, pp. 1-17. Bloom, Richard W. “In Search of the Tell-Tale Heart.”,2019, pp. 245-250. Henry, O. The Gift of the Magi . Pioneer Drama Service, Inc., 1972. Poe, Edgar Allan. The tell-tale heart . Penguin UK, 2015. Sushma, B. “Interpretation of O. Henry’s Short Story ‘The Gift of the Magi’ Using Linguistic Approach.” International Journal on Multicultural Literature vol 9, no. 2, 2019. Zafarovna, Zilola. “The Usage of Irony in O. Henry’s Story ‘The Gift of the Magi’. ” Chief Editor vol 84 , 2021.

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OCD: The Four D’s Diagnostic Indicators Essay Millions of people worldwide suffer from mental disorders: manias, phobias, and panic attacks exhaust and torment a lot of individuals. One of the widespread, long-lasting mental ailments is an obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD, which consists of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior that are almost impossible to control. The analysis of this disorder due to the four D diagnostic indicators can let us explore it more profoundly and thoroughly. * Distress: OCD often makes individuals feel abnormal when they are forced to fight the terrible thoughts torturing their heads and repeat meaningless acts intended to decrease anxiety. In addition, having “unwanted, recurrent and persistent images or impulses that evoke anxiety or extreme distress” and realizing “the unreasonable nature of symptoms” people cannot stop them (Van Leeuwen et al., 2020, p. 1-2). They become nervous and depressed: therefore, the level of distress is high and complicates the person’s life. * Dysfunction: This disorder significantly influences the daily life of a patient. Firstly, obsessive thoughts often interfere with the usual people’s acts and cause a surge of panic, disturbing to complete their work. Sometimes, “cognitive biases cause dysfunctional beliefs” (Van Leeuwen et al., 2020, p. 2). Secondly, compulsive actions interrupt a patient’s daily routine, forcing them to do specific steps a certain number of times. Such activities can last even for an hour or more: therefore, the extent of dysfunction is also noticeable. * Danger: OCD may represent a significant danger for an individual since sometimes, people feel so depressed that they are ready to commit suicide. In addition, sometimes, they may try to defeat their obsessive thoughts, causing self-pain: for instance, they can strike themselves to get rid of the unwanted image. However, although one of the most widespread fears of people with OCD is to harm others, they rarely do it (O’Connor & Aude, 2019). Thus, the level of danger to self is significantly higher than that of danger to others. * Deviance: Since OCD causes abnormal thoughts and behavior, people with such a disorder can be characterized as deviant. However, it would be wrong to claim that it is easy to “determine the degree of deviation from the norm” (Davis, 2009, p. 1). OCD causes anxiety, stress, and panic; it makes people live in fear that if they do not do specific actions, they will not be able to avoid danger. Therefore, an individual should visit a clinic and let specialists help them fight. References Davis, T. (2009). Conceptualizing psychiatric disorders using the “Four D’s” of diagnoses . The Internet Journal of Psychiatry, 1 (1). Web. O’Connor, K., & Aude, J. (2019). OCD is not a phobia: An alternative conceptualization of OCD. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 16 (1), 39-46. Van Leeuwen, W. A., van Wingen, G.A., Luyten, P., Denys, D., & van Marle, H.J.F. (2020). Attachment in OCD: A meta-analysis . Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 70 . Web.

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Ohio.gov Platform: Information and Services Essay Ohio.gov is a multifunctional platform designed to help job seekers and employers. The site provides information that can help different groups of people with their work and career needs. It uses job search and online learning tools to find the perfect job and improve one’s skills. On the site, a person can post a resume and indicate the preferred areas of work, which will be taken into account in the future and will help to contact the most suitable employers. Ohio.gov also provides information and skills to help one’s take a career to the next level. Each employer’s proposal normally contains brief information about the company that provides the job. In addition, it describes the requirements for the candidate, his or her duties, and the possibility of career growth. The site provided all sorts of choice features to find information on the desired vacancy. If known, it is possible to filter the job search either by a specific job title or keywords. It helps those who would like to specialize in a certain area based on, for example, the main skills and abilities. Having sorted the information on the site by filters, namely: employment and job type, education level, and workdays, I thereby reduced the final result that the site would provide me. I also entered the keywords cybersecurity, computer science , and problem-solving , and I got a job link for Cybersecurity Manager (Job ID: 237544968). Thanks to Ohio.gov , I can immediately send my resume to an employer for consideration or bookmark the job to continue my search. If I do not find anything better than offer ID 237544968, I can come back and send my CV later. Crowe company, as an employer, posted all the necessary information and even indicated advantages over other companies.

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Operations Management and Implementation Plan Report Table of Contents 1. Goals and Objectives 2. Distribution of Duties 3. Implementation Schedule 4. Resource Allocation 5. Performance Indicators 6. Contingency Plan 7. References Goals and Objectives Based on the analysis of the activity and niche of Automatic Data Processing (ADP), the goals that the corporation should set for itself are identified. First of all, it is necessary to identify the vectors that will predetermine the organization’s development plan for the next few years. In addition, the market of potential customers is vast, so the organization needs to continue to spread its influence across different continents in order to receive more investment. ADP faces two tasks, the first of which is the development of market positions (Rothärmel, 2018). The second mission follows from the first, namely the exclusion of competitors (Rothärmel, 2018). The fact is that an organization must develop the technological sphere in order to maintain leadership in a niche and become a preference in controlled territories. Distribution of Duties Because ADP is a large corporation, separating and delegating responsibilities is an effective way to achieve these goals. An important factor is the availability of a large number of specialists in the field of IT technologies and management in the field of the Internet, but they are not enough to implement all areas of activity. The company already has a financial department in charge of controlling and adjusting cash flows and a company president in charge of managing the controlled parts (Bauer et al., 2019). However, this authorized person does not play a leadership role, which can have a critical impact on the achievement of goals. The fact is that for a fair and effective distribution of responsibilities, ADP needs a leader who will be the face of the workforce and an inspiring element. In addition, such a person will be familiar with the human factor of the company, which means that the chance of error when delegating authority will decrease. Implementation Schedule It is important not only to set and define the goals and objectives of the company, but also to fulfill them as soon as possible. This is due to the fact that the niche is constantly and rapidly developing due to its specifics, so the competitive advantage quickly loses its relevance. In order to maintain the leadership position of ADP, it is necessary to set a deadline of 2 years, which is the most optimal period. The fact is that in a year the company will be able to identify a potential leader and a market that it plans to capture. In addition, it will take time to assess the situation with competitors, calculating their strengths and weaknesses. Over the next year, ADP should identify and train an effective leader and complete the process of delegating responsibility to them according to the criteria of competence. If management choose a longer term, then there is a risk of losing ground in a niche, and if less, then reduce the quality of changes and innovations in the activities of the corporation. Resource Allocation One of the most important areas of activity of any corporation is the control and distribution of its resources. To begin with, ADP has three main types of resources, namely finance, technology, and products. In the case of the goods and services offered, the organization has no actual problems and requirements for improvement, as the revenue shows effective use. However, there are problems in the distribution of human resources, which leads to staff turnover and employee dissatisfaction. This can be explained precisely by the fact that responsibilities are not always distributed fairly, which leads to overload and burnout, which means a decrease in competence. In order to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to hire a leader and either employ more employees or raise a salary. Otherwise, the system may not be able to withstand the problems with workers, which will lead to a shortage of specialists. In addition, the company needs to reconsider the allocation of financial resources, most of which should go to the development and implementation of new technologies. Performance Indicators In order to monitor the effectiveness and relevance of the implemented changes, it is necessary to develop a plan for assessing the situation. To do this, management needs to use three effective tools. The first is a social survey of employees about their attitude to work and well-being, the results of which should be recorded. At the end, it is not necessary to compare the results before and after the changes and observe positive trends in the work team. The second tool of ADP should be a graphical analysis of financial flows, allowing to control the most relevant distribution of money (Wolters Kluwer Editorial Staf, 2021). This is a vital procedure to prevent unnecessary spending on inefficient expenses. The third tool is to compare and analyze the activities of competitors in order to observe positive changes in technology development. It is the comparative assessment that makes it possible to objectively highlight how correctly and effectively new technologies are being introduced into Automatic Data Processing systems. Contingency Plan A separate factor characteristic of any commercial organization is preparation for unforeseen circumstances. Two types of potential difficulties can be distinguished, namely the exit of investors and increased employee turnover. In the first case, the organization needs to restructure its budget in such a way as to close emerging gaps in technology funding or system development. This can be done either by raising prices for services and products, or by entering into loan agreements with other organizations. In case of increased staff turnover, management needs to suspend the current leadership system and replace it, while learning the reasons for dissatisfaction (Wolters Kluwer Editorial Staf, 2021). In addition, it is important to destroy the care carts for employees as soon as possible, because otherwise it can even lead to bankruptcy. References Bauer, T., Erdogan, B., Caughlin. D. and Truxillo, D. (2019). Fundamentals of human resource management. People, data, and analytics . SAGE Publications. Rothärmel, F. T. (2018). Strategic management . McGraw-Hill Education. Wolters Kluwer Editorial Staf. (2021). Directory of corporate counsel . Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.

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Operations to Ensure Food Safety Essay Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. FDA Operations to Ensure Food Safety 3. USDA Operations to Ensure Food Safety 4. EPA Operations to Ensure Food Safety 5. References Summary In light of the current conditions of agricultural cultivating techniques and technological advancements, the problem of inappropriate food production is becoming more acute. As a result, such agencies as FDA, USDA, and EPA are responsible for making it possible to oversee the processes of food cultivation, harvesting, transportation, and import. The aim of these agencies is to ensure food safety not only for people but for animals too. Thus, there are plenty of operations, including rules and regulations, to aid this objective. FDA Operations to Ensure Food Safety The significant FDA Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011 (FSMA) mandates a new strategy to ensure the safety of human and animal foods and avoid foodborne disease epidemics (FDA, 2017). Under the completed guidelines for implementing FSMA, food manufacturers will be expected to identify potential risks and establish precautionary measures to eliminate or mitigate them. Science-based regulations have been created for food cultivation, harvesting, and shipping. Other measures were also established in order to enhance control of imported produce. With the help of the FDA, animals and people are better protected against contaminated animal food. The Preventive Controls for Animal Food regulation requires suppliers of animal food, particularly pet food, to apply the same careful preparation used to identify and avoid dangers in the growth of human food (FDA, 2017). It will be considerably safer for both the animal and anybody consuming the product if animal food manufacturers have systems and procedures to eradicate dangerous microorganisms. Moreover, the consumption of healthy produce and the growing of this organic produce are intertwined and are regulated by FDA. The Produce Safety regulation specifies the science-based necessary requirement for the proper cultivation, harvesting, packaging, and storage of products on farms in order to reduce infection (FDA, 2017). Farms, unlike factories, are natural ecosystems with variables that farmers cannot always oversee. On the other hand, the Produce Safety Rule specifies activities that may and must be performed to reduce the probability of contamination in realistic and possible ways for farmers. Lastly, FDA ensures that the products imported from foreign nations are subject to increased scrutiny. Foreign Supplier Verification Programs (FSVP) and Accredited Third-Party Certification, two new standards impacting imports, significantly improve the FDA’s control of imported goods (FDA, 2017). The first regulation mandates importers to take more responsibility for ensuring that the products they import into the country satisfy the exact requirements of domestic manufacturers. The second regulation creates an optional process for third-party accreditation bodies to be certified to undertake food safety audits. USDA Operations to Ensure Food Safety This nation’s agricultural environment is constantly evolving, and the USDA is concerned with managing such developments in various food manufacturing and distribution domains. USDA inspects domestic products, imports, and exports, conducts evaluations, and informs the community about the significance of product safety. For example, The USDA strives to safeguard citizens from the hazards of E. coli exposure by implementing a zero-tolerance approach for six more forms of the virus [E. coli O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145] in raw meats (USDA, n.d.). They are prohibited in the same way as E. coli O157:H7 is (USDA, n.d.). In March 2012, efforts began to identify these deadly infections and prohibit them from affecting people. Additionally, the establishment of a “test and hold” policy in December 2012 reduced food crises. The product must now be held in institutions until microbiological analysis determines that it is safe to move the goods, including meats, poultry, and egg produce, into the market (USDA, n.d.). This measure will minimize public exposure to hazardous meat products dramatically. From 2007 to 2009, the regulation could have averted 44 product issues. EPA Operations to Ensure Food Safety When it comes to EPA, the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to guarantee that all pesticides used on foods fulfill the FQPA’s high safety standards. Pesticides are commonly used in food production to manage parasites such as insects, rodents, grasses, viruses, mildew, and fungus (US EPA, 2021). FQPA demands an affirmative conclusion that a pesticide’s utilization on produce is safe for children to compensate for ambiguity in data relating to children. Moreover, it must contain a different safety ratio unless data demonstrate an alternative attribute to be safe. The FQPA of 1996 mandated the EPA to comprehensively evaluate residue levels on foods, with particular attention on children’s unique sensitivity. Between 1996 and 2006, the EPA utilized safety criteria to prohibit or limit the use of 270 pesticides for home and food use because they present special risks to children and infants (US EPA, 2021). It also reduced the allowable pesticide residual levels in numerous child-friendly foods, such as apples, grapes, and potatoes. What is more, the FQPA safety regulations may not be the only cause the Agency has been willing to handle so many actions in past years to decrease children’s exposure to pesticides. Once a pesticide has been recorded for a particular use, it is not allowed to go unattended. The EPA launched a comprehensive reassessment of all previous pesticides in 2007. Hence, multiple agencies manage the food cultivation, harvesting, supply, and import in order to ensure their safety. This way, FDA’s regulations, including the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011, the Preventive Controls for Animal Food regulation, the Produce Safety regulation, certifications, and programs, ensure food safety for people and animals. USDA’s regulations include the E.coli prohibition regulation of March 2012 and the “test and hold” food crises policy of December 2012. Lastly, EPA’s operations are determined to manage pesticides level and include the FQPA residue level regulation of 1996 and the EPA pesticide reassessment regulation of 2007. References FDA. (2017). The operational strategy for implementing the FDA food safety modernization act (FSMA) . U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Web. USDA. (n.d.). Health and safety . U.S. Department of Agriculture. Web. US EPA. (2021). Food and pesticides . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Web.

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Opportunities to Improve Data Protection Essay The IDS is an intrusion detection system that helps people quickly identify potential security breaches in a device or network. There are several types of IDS, the main ones being HIDS and NIDS. These IDSs are focused on different analytics and data control. For all IDSs, the main advantage is a quick notification system about an attack or file deletion. Saving time and committing changes allows administrators to take action to protect information as soon as possible. NIDS analyze incoming and internal network traffic; the purpose of the analysis is to detect malicious activity. However, when port coverage is disabled, additional sensors should be installed, and this is the main problem of NIDS (Magalhaes, 2018). This is due to the fact that the switch does not directly transmit the packet to the entire network, but only to the recipient. This arguably makes working with NIDS difficult, forcing administrators to do extra work. HIDS are tools that control the operation of individual devices. Typically, HIDS captures the status of all files hosted on an endpoint and informs the administrator when system objects are removed or modified. In addition, this kind of IDS checks all data packets transmitted to or from the device (Magalhaes, 2018). HIDS usually has advantages over NIDS, and administrators find that HIDS is ideal for laptops, servers, and workstations. HIDS and NIDS can be compared in different ways, and analytics show that HIDS more often outperforms or is not inferior to NIDS, at least. HIDS protects files even if the administrator is disconnected from the LAN because HIDS is installed on the device directly. The ideas about the universality of HIDS are also connected with this fact. HIDS and NIDS are equally easy to implement and easy to control (Magalhaes, 2018). The most important advantage of HIDS is that it is not necessary to go through training before using it. This makes HIDS the most desirable for most administrators, along with the price of HIDS, which is significantly lower than NIDS. NIDS also uses the bandwidth of the LAN, which leads to increased requirements for it. The general advice for administrators is to use HIDS and NIDS together on firewalls and clients, even though it may seem reasonable to use only HIDS. In the modern world, protecting information from intruders is equivalent to protecting money from criminals. Many layers of protection can save the administrator and files that devices keep safe. In the case of using HIDS and NIDS, the first one will provide protection in a complex, and the second one will solve local issues (Magalhaes, 2018). The combined use of HIDS and NIDS will provide an effective and fast alarm when a breach is detected. A good helper in using IDSs are logs that record everything that happens to the network and device over time. As IDSs with different coverage, HIDS and NIDS maintain logs with varying detail. However, the detail can be adjusted by the administrator so as not to be overloaded with unnecessary data (Magalhaes, 2018). Typically, HIDS has very detailed logs containing information about all machines, even if these machines are away from the network. When installing protective anti-virus programs, administrators need to think about auxiliary ways to detect intruders who want to steal data. Disappointing statistics record that more than 90% of the networks on which the IDS and anti-virus program were launched contain security bugs (Magalhaes, 2018). Despite attempts to save networks, IDS finds and signals gaps. At the same time, more than 95% of companies do not spend money on installing and maintaining IDS, and also do not train employees to work with IDS (Magalhaes, 2018). Full data protection requires comprehensive analysis that HIDS and NIDS can provide, but this requires special care on the part of administrators. Reference Magalhaes, R. (2018). Host-Based IDS vs Network-Based IDS (part 1) . TechGenix. Web.

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Organizational Culture and Work Relationships Essay In the survey The Effect Of Work Relationships On Organizational Culture And Commitment, as many as 89% of respondents confirmed that communication with colleagues affects the quality of life (Suhardi, 2020). It also turned out that if a person has at least one friend at work, it connects him more strongly with the company and supports his desire to stay in this place. Feeling connected to other people supports employees’ interest and involvement in work. Talking to colleagues, a person gradually gets rid of the fear of expressing their ideas and comments. Scientists from the University of Michigan conducted an interesting experiment, Friends (and Sometimes Enemies) With Cognitive Benefits: What Types of Social Interactions Boost Executive Functioning? The participants were divided into two groups: first, the first group subjects had to get to know each other for 10 minutes. And the second group was asked to participate in disputes among themselves on a certain topic. Then all the subjects were asked to solve several cognitive tasks. The experiment participants from the first group, who had previously just communicated in a relaxed atmosphere, showed the best results in solving problems. They had significant improvements in the executive functions of the brain. These processes are responsible for planning, concentration, prioritization, and organization. In other words, for the skills and qualities that we need to work. Reference Suhardi, M., Huda, S. A., Mulyadi, D., & Nazopah, N. (2020). The effect of organizational culture, leader behaviors, job satisfaction, and justice on organizational commitment . Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education , 2 (1), 37-42.

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Organizational Culture for Safety in Healthcare Essay As a matter of fact, organizational factors play a highly essential role in the implementation and change of strategies, policies, and action plans in healthcare settings and determine their success. Thus, understanding and addressing organizational culture (OC) have become essential for achieving improved healthcare performance. This work aims to investigate the importance of OC for infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions, the theoretical basis of necessary cultural changes, and the role of leadership in them. In general, no common definition may unite all aspects of OC in it. However, the most appropriate one was probably given by Shein, who stated that OC is “the pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that has worked well enough to be considered valid, and, therefore to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems” (De Bono et al., 2014, p. 2). Moreover, the collective mental programming on the basis of core values, rules, attributes, norms, and assumptions distinguishes the members of different organizations (Valmohammadi & Roshanzamir, 2015). As healthcare-associated infections currently remain one of the most substantial challenges to medical institutions, the efficient implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions helps to reduce infection-related incidents (De Bono et al., 2014). However, effective IPC heavily depends on multiple management systems’ interplay influenced by OC. In particular, the organization’s design and the arrangement of different jobs are the main components of culture that determine employee behavior. In turn, employee behavior impacts the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Several theories related to cultural change are essential for implementing interventions that include the cultural adaptation theory, the self-efficacy theory, and the transformational theory of leadership. The first one describes cultural change as the generation of value in response to changing conditions. It explains the necessity for changes in OC in response to new challenges. The self-efficacy theory refers to employee behavior change and designates four modalities, including performance enactment on the basis of a person’s belief in his abilities, vicarious learning by watching others, verbal persuasion that modifies behavior, and emotional arousal (De Bono et al., 2014). Finally, the transformational leadership theory emphasizes leaders’ exclusive role in cultural change. Although several leadership styles may be applied to cultural change, transformation leadership provides long-term effects. According to Willis et al. (2014), in organizational culture change, “alignment refers to the connection between transformational vision and action through a range of activities performed by those at multiple levels of a system” (p. 9). Thus, competent leaders considerably influence their subordinates, forming their perceptions and behavioral patterns. First of all, they articulate a new vision of OC enhancing people’s motivation and self-control (Fischer, 2016). In other words, in transformational leadership, employees are united by a particular mission where they are responsible for outcomes. In relation to the implementation of IPC, hand hygiene may be regarded as the basic measure. Thus, instead of total control, a leader articulates the importance of hand hygiene for disease prevention and motivates employees to follow prescriptions. In this case, healthcare providers realize their responsibility for the success of interventions. References De Bono, S., Heling, G., & Borg, M. A. (2014). Organizational culture and its implications for infection prevention and control in healthcare institutions . Journal of Hospital Infection, 86 (1), 1-6. Fischer, S. A. (2016). Transformational leadership in nursing: A concept analysis . Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72 (11), 2644-2653. Valmohammadi, C., & Roshanzamir, S. (2015). The guidelines of improvement: Relations among organizational culture, TQM and performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 164 , 167-178. Willis, C. D., Saul, J., Bevan, H., Scheirer, M. A., Best, A., Greenhalgh, T., Mannion, R., Cornelissen, E., Howland, D., Jenkins, E., & Bitz, J. (2016). Sustaining organizational culture change in health systems. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 30 (1), 1-30.

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Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects people all over the world, but is frequently mishandled within the healthcare system. It is one of the most common causes of disability in older persons, resulting in pain, loss of function, and a lower quality of life. On a societal level, the condition is predicted to cost $303 billion in medical bills and lost wages each year (Abramoff & Caldera, 2020). This chronic, severe disease requires continued efforts to limit its incidence, pain, and loss of function. Osteoarthritis is known for its degenerative effects on articular cartilage, which becomes significantly damaged over time. The smooth cartilage at the ends of long bones and within the intervertebral discs is known as articular cartilage. It provides a low-friction articulation surface while being able to transmit large loads. Even while the collagen in cartilage has a lengthy half-life, it repairs slowly, if at all, even with slight injuries. Although the cartilage transforms the most, the entire joint, including the synovium, joint ligaments, and subchondral bone, is impacted. Osteoarthritis is often overlooked, despite its significant personal, economic, and societal costs. Even though osteoarthritis frequently coexists with heart disease, diabetes, and mental health issues, and can aggravate the morbidity and mortality associated with these ailments, it is not included in worldwide strategic plans for noncommunicable diseases. Patients and practitioners may be affected by therapeutic nihilism, with misconceptions that osteoarthritis is an unavoidable component of aging and that there are no viable therapies (Abramoff & Caldera, 2020). The affected people are frequently misinformed about treatment options. Current health-care approaches can range from ignoring essential treatments like exercise, weight loss, and education to using expensive, unproven medications for late-stage disease. I find this issue to be the most interesting, although unfortunate, element of both the article and the condition’s perception. I believe that rehabilitation counselling could combine physical and psychological aid to help patients with osteoarthritis and its various consequences. Reference Abramoff, B., & Caldera, F. (2020). Osteoarthritis: Pathology, diagnosis, and treatment options. Medical Clinics of North America , 104 (2), 293-311.

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Outback Insurance Company vs. Dexter’s Facility Essay In order to prevent an offense and draw up a protocol on an administrative offense, the authorized person has the right to apply such a measure to ensure production as the detention of a vehicle. This happens if it is impossible to draw it up on the spot of detecting an administrative offense, ensuring timely and correct consideration of the case and execution of the resolution. In case of violations of the rules of operation, use of the vehicle, and its management, the detention of the vehicle is applied. This is due to placement in the nearest specially designated protected place (in a specialized parking lot), and storage there until the cause of detention is eliminated. The costs of moving and storing a detained vehicle, with the exception of vehicles, are reimbursed by the person who committed the offense. The cost of storing a detained vehicle is charged for each full hour of its stay in a specialized parking lot from the moment the detained vehicle is placed in a specialized parking lot until it is returned to the owner. Payment for the cost of moving and storing a detained vehicle is carried out within the time limits and at the rates established by the authorized executive authority. The prices of the parking lot owner, which should be involved in payment, should also be taken into account. Thus, attention should also be paid to the fact that Outback Insurance Company was notified by the parking lot owner and by the police. However, it should be noted that the company “took no action to take possession of the vehicle”. Consequently, they were fully aware of the situation and had to take appropriate measures. The fee for the car storage services should be charged to the owner of the vehicle, who has not fulfilled their obligation to receive the car from the special parking lot, while the storage services have been provided in full. From the analysis of the above legal norms, it follows that legally significant circumstances for the correct resolution of this dispute are determining the number of reimbursable expenses incurred by a person in connection with the storage of a car. However, it should be noted that Outback Insurance Company has the right to demand a revision of the cost of payment in accordance with the median market value. This is necessary in order to assess the correctness of the cost of compensation that Ron Dexter requires. In addition, it should be taken into account the fact that the car was seized on February 14, and the company received notification only on May 8. This fact is essential in order to understand what rights Outback Insurance Company could lose due to untimely notification. It is important to understand that if the owner applies to a special parking lot for the car’s return on the first day of storage, they will not have to pay for the car’s storage since payment is made for a full day of hold. Thus, the company has the right to request a revision of the cost of storage, which is required by Ron Dexter. The correct solution here is to demand payment from the date of receipt of the notification by the police. The conclusion from this case may be the fact that the Outback Insurance Company must pay the cost of storing the vehicle. However, the requested $15,510 is not a valid and fair amount, since several factors listed above must be taken into account.

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Outreach Chicago Company’s Main Mission Research Paper Outreach Chicago is an organization providing help and services to homeless people and those underserved by already existing incorporations. The company’s main mission is to provide help and necessities to humans for their subsequent successful reintegration into society. To practice deductive reasoning, it is essential to start by formulating a general hypothesis or statement that Outreach Chicago provides help to people (Adler & Clark, 2015). The observation allows us to find evidence for the statement as Outreach Chicago serves meals and distributes hygiene kits, coats, blankets, socks, and undergarments to people in need. The company’s official site provides precise numbers of each aid type, so one can conclude that the company indeed provides help with various necessities since 2011 to people in need. Outreach Chicago states the average poverty rate in its area of performance is 34% among adults and 51% among children (Outreach Chicago, 2022). To practice inductive reasoning, it might be useful to compare data stated by the company with the other statistical sources regarding poverty rates, checking the modernity of the information it proposes to the readers. The company works in several locations: Chicago Heights, Chicago, Cicero, Dolton, and Harvey (Outreach Chicago, 2022). The estimations, according to the site Welfare Info, relate to the following poverty rates among adults in 2017 26.4%, 20.6%, 19.8%, 26.6%, and 35.6% respectively (Poverty Illinois, 2022). The calculated average of these areas is 25.8% which means the company was either gathering data from previous years or referring to the numbers of the poorest city, Harvey. A question for qualitative research can be if the services provided by Outreach Chicago meet the requirements of the customers. This research can interview customers and assess the impression of service, and the use of the goods it supplies. The study hypothesizes that Outreach Chicago provides essential supplies for its clients. The results of the research could be used for better service providing as customers can give feedback on some items that are not necessary or could be changed. For the quantitative study, the question is if the general satisfaction level of the clients is above 50%. To estimate satisfaction, the clients will be given application forms to fill in. The research hypothesizes that Outreach Chicago meets the expectations of the customers by more than 50%. The research can help the organization receive information about the effectiveness of its performance. References Adler, E. S., & Clark, R. (2015). An invitation to social research: How it’s done (5 th ed.). Cengage Learning. Outreach Chicago . (n.d.). GuideStar. Web. Poverty Illinois. (n.d.). Welfare Info. Web.

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Overcrowding in Cities as Social & Environmental Problem Essay Overpopulation in cities has become one of the most critical problems of our time. This is both an environmental and a social problem. The city cannot grow indefinitely and provide decent workplaces for every resident. The ecological burden is also increasing. Uncontrolled growth in the number of cities leads to the unchecked spread of pollution and the escalation of poverty. However, there are several preventive measures that the Government can implement to combat this problem. First of all, overpopulation in cities is congestion and traffic jams, which lead to serious pollution problems. Atmospheric pollution is the most serious in cities, and its primary source is road transport, which emits sulfur dioxide and nitrogen into the air in huge quantities. The second main problem is poverty: disadvantaged groups in rural areas live in poverty (Innes et al., 2019). Some of them decide to settle in the city because they believe that they can easily find work. Their main goal is to provide for their family, but almost none have the necessary education for a good job. These people come to the city and become a service class. They suffer from the prejudice of indigenous people, poverty, and worse working conditions. Another inconvenience due to overcrowding is the garbage from residents, which is difficult to dispose of (Namberger et al., 2019). In many European countries, this problem is solved thanks to separate garbage collection (even in houses, there are separate garbage cans). Then some of the garbage is recycled, some are incinerated at incinerators. In conclusion, to solve traffic and air pollution problems, people should use public transport as often as possible, rather than using their car. The government should build more roads and improve public transport to solve this problem. Poverty is now lower than at any time in human history, and all trends demonstrate that we will have consistent successes in the fight against poverty in the foreseeable future. References Innes, G. D., Sivilotti, M. L., Ovens, H., McLelland, K., Dukelow, A., Kwok, E.,… & Chochinov, A. (2019). Emergency overcrowding and access block: A smaller problem than we think. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine , 21 (2), 177-185. Web. Namberger, P., Jackisch, S., Schmude, J., & Karl, M. (2019). Overcrowding, overtourism and local level disturbance: How much can Munich handle? Tourism Planning & Development , 16 (4), 452-472. Web.

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Panama: Economics and Happiness Essay The Balboa is Panama’s national currency, named after Spanish explorer Vasco Nez de Balboa, who encountered the Pacific Ocean. One Balboa represents one U.S. Dollar, and the U.S. Dollar has been lawfully exchanged in Panama since then. As a result, Panama is regarded a highly inflationary country; however, Panama can profit from the U.S. dollar’s resilience as the foundation of the world banking markets. For example, this implies that Panama will not face hyperinflation as a consequence of shifting exchange rates. Consequently, Panama has become a more attractive investment and tourist destination. Nevertheless, a dollarized system has outstanding inflation performances and may even lessen the influence of global trust shocks but not real external upsets (Bakari & Mabrouki, 2017). Furthermore, it is unclear whether Panama’s loose monetary policy resulted from the dollarization system or the competing, increasingly globalized banking sector. Panama’s geographic position as a key maritime route adds to the significance of the Agreement. Approximately two-thirds of the Panama Canal’s yearly transits are destined to or from U.S. locations (Park et al., 2020). Almost all U.S. automotive and commercial goods shipments to Panama will be duty-free initially, with residual levies phased away over a ten-year period (Park et al., 2020). Information systems gear, farming, large machinery, aircraft and components, healthcare and measure environmental, ecological products, medicines, fertilizer, and agrochemicals are among the U.S. items that will benefit from immediate duty-free accessibility. The U.S. and Panama exchange crops like corn and bananas if we talk about exports and imports. References Bakari, S., & Mabrouki, M. (2017). Impact of exports and imports on economic growth: new evidence from Panama. Journal of Smart Economic Growth , 2 (1), 67-79. Lasrado, F., & Zakaria, N. (2020). Go green! Exploring the organizational factors that influence self-initiated green behavior in the United Arab Emirates. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 37 (3), 823-850. Park, C., Richardson, H. W., & Park, J. (2020). Widening the Panama Canal and U.S. ports: historical and economic impact analyses. Maritime Policy & Management , 47 (3), 419-433. US Dollar to Egyptian Pound Exchange Rate . (2022).

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Panama: Quality of Life and Economic Growth Research Paper Table of Contents 1. GDP and GDP Per Capita 2. Quality of Life 3. Inflation and Growth Rate 4. References GDP and GDP Per Capita A comparison of countries is necessary to identify strengths and weaknesses and implement the necessary positive changes. The Gross Domestic Product of Panama is trending for 2022 around 68.50 USD Billion. GDP per capita in 2021 was 12.168.47 (“Panama GDP per capita,” n.d., para. 1). In comparison, “GDP per capita in the United States was 56200.00 USD by the end of 2021” (“United States GDP per capita,” n.d., para. 1). This data was obtained by Trading Economics global macro models and analyst’s expectations. Quality of Life In Panama, there is a fairly low cost of living, especially in the real estate sector. Moreover, the country is characterized by a favorable climate for living. Moreover, good government and a small number of people contribute to this factor. Among Latin American countries, Panama is considered one of the safest to live in. In these aspects, the United States of America is similar to the country under study. The difference is a higher standard of living. If specialists compare the indicators of GPD, which is also an indicator of the quality of living standards, thus America is also significantly succeeding in this aspect. Inflation and Growth Rate The inflation rate in the country is an indicator of the degree of depreciation of money. So, in Panama, “the average inflation rate in Panama amounted to about -1.55 percent compared to the previous year” (“Panama: Inflation rate from 1986 to 2026”, n.d., para. 1). At the same time, “America’s inflation rate climbs to 7.5%” (Bartash, 2022, para. 1). The main reason for this difference is also the standard of living of the population, and most of the reasons are somehow related to the number and the availability of money for the economy. The growth rate in Panama is 17%, which is quite low (“GDP growth (annual%) – Panama,” n.d., para. 1). In the United States of America, this indicator is significantly higher and is 0.1% (“U.S. Population,” 2021, para. 1). This indicator indicates the ability to reproduce the country’s population. Therefore, these data show the need to take measures to improve the quality of life in order to motivate people to increase the population. Economic growth in Panama is driven by the expansion of channels, which affects the increase in the country’s exports. References Bartash, J. (2022). U.S. inflation rate climbs to 7.5% after another sharp increase in consumer prices . Market Watch. Web. GDP growth (annual %)-Panama . (n.d.). The World Bank. Web. Panama GDP per capita . (n.d.). Trading economy. Web. Panama: Inflation rate from 1986 to 2026 . (n.d.). Statista. Web. Rogers, L. (2021). U.S. population grew 0.1% in 2021, slowest rate since founding of the nation . Census Bureau. Web. United States GDP per capita . (n.d.). Trading economy. Web.

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Parallel Company’s Leadership Strategy Case Study Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. Wrigley’s Leadership and Parallel Management 3. Features of Company Management 4. Wrigley’s Features as a Leader 5. References Summary Wrigley is the heir to a vast fortune of the American company Wrigley, which is engaged in the production of chewing gum. He is also the CEO of Parallel, a cannabis company that will go public through a merger with a SPAC company at an estimated value of $ 1.8 billion. Wrigley is confident that his new project, the Parallel startup, can compete with his family’s business to produce the famous Wrigley’s chewing gum. The billionaire is betting not only on attracting consumers: he believes that marijuana can save lives. Evaluating the quality and effectiveness of this organization’s management is an exciting topic for research and analysis. Wrigley’s Leadership and Parallel Management The leader is a symbol of community and a model of group behavior. Leadership is an essential component of effective management. An analysis of the nature of leadership shows that it stems from the specific needs of people and their associations, which are designed to satisfy leaders (Colquitt et al., 2018). In more detail, the nature of leadership is revealed by its various theories. The theory of traits explains the phenomenon of leadership by outstanding human qualities, such as intelligence, will, purposefulness, organizational abilities, competence, etc. The organization’s development strategy and leadership effectiveness are related to the objective and subjective capabilities of the leader (Anand & Barsoux, 2017). According to the concepts of charismatic leadership, followers are inspired by the leader and strive to imitate him in everything. Features of Company Management The lectures and readings make it possible to characterize Wrigley’s leadership as highly effective and successful. Wrigley carries out competent management of the Parallel company, as he clearly understands what he needs to strive for and what he needs (Colquitt et al., 2018). Leadership in the organization determines the vector of the company’s development and encourages employees to work hard to achieve results. In an ideal situation, the group members recognize the official leader as a leader (Colquitt et al., 2018). The coronavirus pandemic has negatively impacted many enterprises and large and small businesses, making entrepreneurs desperately think about saving their businesses (Nelson, 2020). Still, Wrigley is a highly successful company CEO, as he perfectly understands this complex process’s features. Wrigley’s management strategy aims to change consumer behavior, transform the legislative framework and find ways to use the substance in the healthcare sector. Parallel company now has forty-two locations in three states: thirty-nine in Florida, Massachusetts, and Nevada (Yakowicz, 2021). New ones are planned to open in Pennsylvania and Texas. The company is even exploring the possibility of expanding its activities to the platform in Canada. In just three years, Wrigley turned Parallel into a new type of cannabis producer (Yakowicz, 2021). Having set himself the goal of creating a prominent brand of marijuana, he invited managers and consultants from the largest corporations in the world to join the management team: Coca-Cola, Walgreens and Patrón Spirits. Also, Parallel is studying issues related to obtaining licenses to cultivate cannabis and cannabis in Southeast Asia. Wrigley effectively manages his organization, as he can influence employees to encourage them to be active and strives for self-organization within the team, ordering all processes. He knows how to make other employees work and concentrate on achieving a common goal (Colquitt et al., 2018). Parallel is not the most significant cannabis producer in America, but it is methodically expanding its activities under Wrigley’s wise and sensitive leadership. Wrigley has a high-quality relationship with employees, contributing to their positive thinking, enthusiasm, and lack of cynicism (van Dam et al., 2021). The company obviously has a great future and success in many areas, as its head has global ambitions, which he successfully implements. Wrigley believes that Parallel can become the world’s first gold standard in the production of cannabis, changing the attitude of Americans toward marijuana. Wrigley’s Features as a Leader The role of leadership is difficult to overestimate; without it, the organization is doomed, at best, to stagnation, at worst, to the termination of its existence. Based on watching the video, it becomes clear that Wrigley, the CEO of Parallel, is a charismatic leader. Charismatic leadership is a unique form of exceptional and gifted influence on other people through their personal attractiveness (CNBC Television, 2021). Wrigley has the traits of a charismatic leader, which is difficult not to notice when listening to how he speaks and behaves. Firstly, it is complete confidence in what he says and thinks. He makes others believe in his judgments, even if initially, they may not share his point of view (CNBC Television, 2021). Secondly, it is a vision of prospects because Wrigley sees them where others do not see an opportunity to realize themselves or win. Thirdly, Wrigley is very good at captivating other people with his ideas. For these purposes, he uses honed oratory, persuasion and explanations. After this speech, it is even possible to begin accepting the views of such a leader as one’s own. Fourthly, Wrigley has an outstanding dedication to his work and idea. Such people do not run, even when the ship is sinking. He is not afraid to take risks, and even if the ship eventually goes into the depths of the sea, he, as a leader, will take all the responsibility solely on himself. Moreover, he is not a supporter of dark leadership, which positively affects the well-being of his employees (Otto et al., 2018). Wrigley creates an excellent impression of his competence, sets high-level expectations, and is not afraid to directly declare future achievements, instilling confidence and respect in other people. References Anand, N. & Barsoux J. (2017). What everyone gets wrong about change management. Harvard Business Review . CNBC Television. (2021). Cannabis company Parallel CEO on going public via SPAC [Video]. YouTube. Colquitt, J., LePine, J., & Wesson, M. (2018). Leadership: Styles and Behaviors. Organizational Behavior: Improving Performance and Commitment in the Workplace (6th ed., pp. 462–489). McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN: 9781260092301 Nelson, E. (2020). Pret a Manger will try anything to survive . The New York Times. Otto, K., Thomson, B., & Rigotti, T. (2018). When dark leadership exacerbates the effects of restructuring. Journal of Change Management , 18 (2), 96-115. van Dam, K., Verboon, P., & Tekleab, A. (2021). The impact of middle managers on employees’ responses to a merger: An LMX and Appraisal Theory approach . Journal of Change Management , 1-19. Yakowicz, W. (2021). A higher calling. Forbeslife, 52-54.

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Parental Corporal Punishment of Young Children Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Evidence 3. Reasoning 4. Appeal 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction I believe everyone here agrees that corporal punishment is a wrong, inefficient and unethical way to raise children, especially young ones. But did you know that the States is the only permanent and non-permanent member of the United Nations that is not a signatory to Article 19, which condemns and prohibits all forms of physical abuse of children (Miller-Perrin & Perrin, 2018)? According to them, “196 countries are party to the treaty, including every member of the United Nations except the USA” (p. 1). I believe that the still vague US ethical stance on corporal punishment of young children is a good reason to discuss whether this parenting practice should be used in families. As stated earlier, the global community negatively perceives parental corporal punishment. Contrary to that, “many parents believe that those who do not use corporal punishment are being permissive parents” (Utter, 2019, p. 313). The question arises as to why social science experts see even the least harmful forms of this, such as light spanking, as an unacceptable and destructive act of parenting, even despite the contrary statements of a significant number of fathers and mothers. Exploring this controversial topic through the lens of related humanities such as psychology and sociology reveals why corporal punishment is considered harmful and objectively is. Evidence For example, psychology experts argue that young children and adolescents “experiencing harsher parenting exhibited more antisocial behavior” (Burt et al., 2021, p. 395). Another group of scientists claims that corporal punishment undermines their cognitive development (Staff Reporter, 2018). Moreover, physical aggression from parents develops a similar response in children’s behavior that persists even into their adult lives (Del Hoyo-Bilbao, 2018). As one can see, even in its light manifestations, corporal punishment contributes to multiple psychological disorders, syndromes, and traumas in young individuals. As is well known, a traumatized young generation means a traumatized and dysfunctional future society. Reasoning Now it is evident that corporal punishment of young children in families causes severe intergenerational damage at the national level. This discussion raises another question, which is what the American community can do to stop traumatizing our future generations and those of other nations. One possible measure is advocating and promoting non-violent parenting through social institutions that interact with children. These include kindergartens, primary schools, and medical facilities. Another is the public condemnation of corporal punishment for young children through traditional and online media. Public activism at the community, state, and federal levels for the US to sign Article 19 could also bring the necessary change. As Utter (2019) said, the US “should follow the path of the over 50 countries that have started to lead the way in protecting children who cannot protect themselves” (p. 313). Appeal It can be said that we, as professionals in the sociological field, are kind of physicians, surgeons, and nurses of the society in which we live and interact. Therefore, our ethical, professional, and even patriotic duty is to treat diagnosed societal wounds and prevent future intergenerational traumas. Here I have outlined the most feasible and effective methods to end and prevent corporal punishment in the American family institution. I encourage you to take these metaphorical medicines and repair kits and start healing and repairing this fundamental social segment. In the end, I hope you will remember this presentation and become social healers after graduation. Conclusion It is no secret that corporal punishment has a mixed reputation as an educational practice for young children. Some parents and professionals in the humanities believe that it is harmful, while others think that this measure is sometimes necessary. During this speech, it was made clear that it is an objectively bad way of upbringing kids. Consequently, this practice should be stopped, and I believe that both society and the state should start the change. We, as future sociologists, must become the vanguard of this necessary societal reform. References Burt, S. A., Clark, D. A., Gershoff, E. T., Klump, K. L., & Hyde, L. W. (2021). Twin differences in harsh parenting predict youth’s antisocial behavior. Psychological Science, 32(3), 395-409. Web. Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Gámez-Guadix, M., & Calvete, E. (2018). Corporal punishment by parents and child-to-parent aggression in Spanish adolescents. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 34(1), 108-116. Web. Miller-Perrin, C., & Perrin, R. (2018). Physical punishment of children by US parents: moving beyond debate to promote children’s health and well-being. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 31(16), 1-7. Web. Staff Reporter. (2018). Corporal punishment feeds the violence in society. Mail & Guardian. Web. Twin study shows why physical punishment leads to child behavior problems. (2021). UT News. Web. Utter, M. (2019). Corporal punishment in the house and its affects on children. Children’s Legal Rights Journal, 39, 310-314. Web.

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Parenthub as Resource for Parent-Child Relationships Building Research Paper Childhood has the most direct impact on a person’s adult life since it is the first step in the socialization process. Unfortunately, not all parents understand effective methods of upbringing, do not realize the value of a favorable environment for the child’s independence, and neglect the appearance of the youth’s emotional anticipation. It is a severe issue that requires broadening the knowledge of the theoretical bases of the family relations structure. One alternative that can promote the growth of skills and erudition of parents is studying online resources. Parenthub is a quality option with a sufficient amount of theory and approaches of its practical application to promote children’s mental and physical health. Parenthub is a resource that provides access to materials on interacting with children from their conception to adulthood. One can read about pregnancy, parenting, psychology, children’s education, family connections, eating habits, and householding. Complex relationships between kids and their parents are always psychological and mental trauma, which can provoke severe depression and destroy the most fundamental instinct – self-preservation (Idris & Ahmad, 2020). The online resource contributes to the solution of this concern at the early stages when contact is just being constructed, and approaches to family links can still be modified. For a child, the household is the primary environment for living, developing, and becoming a whole person. Kids learn to recognize the world, grasping the basic mechanisms of cognition and interpersonal relationships from the family (Chen et al., 2022). Therefore, the relationship with parents determines the basic skills, abilities, and psychological qualities, since children are imitators, beginning to learn the basics of communication from infancy. However, not all parents understand the vital role of contact and often inadequately assess the child’s activities. They do not support the youngsters’ self-esteem, have hardship determining their emotional state, and cannot establish a partner connection. Parenthub offers access to numerous resources on childrearing to construct a strong relationship. It provides articles from experts in diverse fields, from medicine and psychology to physical education and nutrition. Thus, this Internet resource supplies comprehensive parenting training and promotes an understanding of the child’s peculiarities in the different stages of growing up. In addition, there is the possibility of an open forum so that everyone can share their own experiences or ask for help from those who have already experienced upbringing hardships. The site is split into categories, and therefore the search is quick and efficient. One can search for the necessary materials by keyword or read all the available information, divided according to kids’ age. The functionality of the Internet resource is comprehensive, and the level of maneuverability is high, which contributes to the convenient use and activity of visitors. Thus, the parent-child relationship is crucial for forming a complete personality. The website provides filtered and expertly approved information on topics of concern. It offers quality training in building competent communication with the child, from birth to adulthood. Moreover, this resource is vital for nurses, who need to understand that children’s health, growth, and development occur in the context of their connection with parents. Health is either maintained or put at risk through this association because it is a bonding and unifying element that affects later life directly (Walters, 2022). The family environment influences the interaction process, and the nurse must consider the uniqueness and history of each family. This will promote quality care and provide the respect and maintenance that meets the patient’s needs. In conclusion, it is challenging to overemphasize the role of the family, which is among the most critical values for the individual in the formation of personality and health. It affects the child’s future success and condition strongly, so it is necessary to make efforts and increase knowledge to build competent parent-child communication. To get a qualified theoretical foundation, one can use the services of the Parenthub website, which combines opportunities for learning and live communication with experts and other parents. References Chen, M. T., Lin, G. X., Lu, C., & Chang, Y. P. (2022). Good partners, good parents: Parent relationship satisfaction predicts parenting efficacy for young children. Applied Research in Quality of Life , 1-18. Idris, M., Hussain, S., & Ahmad, N. (2020). Relationship between parents’ education and their children’s academic achievement. Journal of Arts & Social Sciences , 7 (2), 82-92. Walters, G. D. (2022). Self-efficacy in parents and children and its relationship to future delinquent behavior in children. Youth & Society , 54 (1), 104-122.

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Parenting Counseling in the New York City Community Essay (Article) Figure 1. Parenting (“Parents,” n.d.). Parenting implies dealing with multiple issues, some of which require the assistance of experts. In case of a crisis, a parent must not hesitate to consult respective services that provide adequate and immediate support both to parents and to their children. Organizations addressing parenting issues and the problem of parent-child relationships can offer guidance in a variety of scenarios, including the identification of paternity, the search for the non-custodial parent, and many more. For residents of the New York City community, two major sources of information should be considered. Description Cap4Kids is an organization that provides an exceptionally broad variety of services linked to parenting. For instance, the benefits program that Cap4Kids offers creates ample opportunities for parents from disadvantaged neighborhoods to support their children and provide them with crucial resources, including not only educational options, but also the support of children’s basic needs, including food and clothing (“Parenting support,” n.d.). Given the dire outcomes t6hat the coronavirus pandemic has produced on the New York community in terms of its economic and financial situation, resources for supporting parents that have encountered economic difficulties are particularly useful and appreciated (“Parenting support,” n.d.). In turn, Cap4Kids provides the specified opportunities to parents, providing them with vital sources and offering a well-developed and perfectly functioning support system. In regard to education options, including early childhood education, Cap4Kids provides an extensive list of programs for children, which range from recreational to educational to a combination of the two. Thus, Cap4Kids creates premises for promoting literacy among children and assisting them in improving their academic records. For parents in New York neighborhoods affected by the pandemic financially, thus, depriving them of the resources needed to support their children’s education, the specified option introduces a vital step in improving the quality of their children’s lives. Overall, Cap4Kids has developed a wide range of resources and opportunities for children and their parents, thus, addressing the parenting issues that New York City community members are likely to experience presently. The chance to receive consultations regarding questions on the issue of COVID-19 and the related resources is a comparatively recent yet essential addition to the roster of services that Cap4Kids provides. Specifically, resources addressing the issue of food choices during the coronavirus, assistance with housing and employment, and support in childcare make Cap4Kids an instrumental organization in assisting families with parenting. Costs Since the organization in question positions itself as a non-profit one, parents seeking its support will not have to take any costs to receive its services. Furthermore, since the services in question provide online support, even expenses associated with transportation will not be required. However, having a consistent Internet connection will be vital to continue receiving the offered help and maintain communication with the organization and its representatives. Therefore, the general range of costs to be expected from contacting Cap4Kids is likely to be comparatively low. NYC Department of Youth and Community Development Contact Information Texting 311-692 Calling 3-1-1, 212-NEW-YORK, or 212-504-4115 (New York City Department of Youth and Community Development, n.d.). Description Being a part of the broader legal representation of New York citizens, namely, the New York City Government, the New York City Department of Youth and Community Development (n.d.) provides assistance concerning parenting issues. Namely, the organization seeks to expand fatherhood opportunities by offering fathers a chance to reconnect with their children. Additionally, the NYC Department of Youth and Community Development (n.d.) provides food services to families in need, specifically focusing on families with young children. Since the [pandemic, the NYC Department of Youth and Community Development (n.d.) has been especially active in extending support to children from disadvantaged backgrounds by collaborating with parents actively. The focus on family health and emphasis on healthy families as its core goal is another feature of the organization worth noting. Linked directly to the issue of parenting, the specified service provides counseling and consultations for parents and their children, thus, addressing complex parenting issues (NYC Department of Youth and Community Development, n.d.). Due to its focus on health advocacy, the NYC Department of Youth and Community Development (n.d.) deserves parents’ trust and should be regarded as the best source of information, as well as an important partner for cooperation with the target demographic. Costs Being another non-profit organization, the NYC Department of Youth and Community Development (n.d.) does not charge its clients, which means that its target audiences will not sustain any costs when collaborating with its experts. Ensuring that a parent has all available resources is critical for the well-being of the child. The need for crucial parenting resources is especially critical in the environment of the pandemic since the COVID-19 issue has affected a range of ways in which citizens handle their daily responsibilities and manage their roles as parents. Do not hesitate to contact the services listed above in case of any issues regarding parenting or childcare. As long as experts are involved in a crisis situation, the well-being of a child is secured. References Contact. (n.d.). Cap4Kids. Web. New York City Department of Youth and Community Development. (n.d.). Family support . NYC. Web. Parenting support . (n.d.). Cap4Kids. Web. Parents . [Photograph]. (n.d.). Maxpixel. Web.

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Pathophysiology of Intraoperative Hypotension Research Paper Abstract Objective This paper’s objective is to discuss the pathophysiology of intraoperative hypotension, or low blood pressure, with a focus on the causes of hypotension occurring at the cellular/receptor level. Background Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is a major factor associated with postoperative complications and high rates of mortality following non-cardiac surgery. The incidence varies according to the definition of IOH used by physicians and the causes of the condition. Even though there is no single definition of what can be considered intraoperative hypotension, physicians commonly use the indication of mean arterial pressure less than 65 mmHg. Despite the variations in defining hypotension and its symptoms, a strong connection has been between IOH and a number of adverse postoperative outcomes. These include myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery, acute kidney injury, and other organ injuries. Results The current research has identified several major causes of intraoperative hypotension. They include intravascular hypovolemia, vasodilation, high intrathoracic pressure, low cardiac output, and compromised baroreflex regulation. These conditions act as causative mechanisms resulting from the use of anesthetic medication and lead to the reduction of blood pressure. Risk factors are associated with included advanced age, the history of hypotensive episodes, emergency surgery, and the vulnerability to tissue ischemia. Although several conditions and processes have been identified as causes of intraoperative hypotension, more research needs to be done on the treatments and perioperative management of IOH. Patients that receive non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia still face the risks of a decrease in blood pressure to dangerous levels. Pathophysiology of Intraoperative Hypotension Introduction Intraoperative hypotension is among the most common side effects of general anesthesia used during surgery. Most frequently, IOH or intraoperative hypotension is determined as a mean arterial pressure (MAP) lower than the 25% average value of the patient. Even short periods of the decrease in MAP have appeared to be connected to unfavorable outcomes. IOH is considered to be a major factor associated with adverse postoperative complications, such as ischemic myocardial injury after extracardiac surgery, kidney injury, organ injuries, and other dangerous conditions. Annually, over 8 million patients suffer from postoperative myocardial injury, which is also one of the leading causes of patients dying within the first month after surgery. Thus, IOH is a major factor linked to a high postoperative mortality rate, as it increases the risk of adverse postoperative outcomes leading to death. Incidence Studies report the different incidence since the definitions of IOH used by researchers vary. Thus, “IOH defined as a mean arterial pressure below 65 mmHg occurs in approximately 65 per cent of operations, and IOH defined as a 20 per cent decrease in MAP from baseline occurred in 94 per cent”. Fourteen of the studies reviewed by Wesselink et al. have investigated mortality, and showed an “outcome incidence between 0.03% (follow-up: <1 day) and 5.6% (during hospital admission)”. Twelve studies reviewed showed a connection between IOH and acute kidney injury, with AKI incidence “between 2.8% (7 days) and 72% (7 days)”. Nine of the studies investigated the cases of myocardial injury preceded by intraoperative hypotension, and the incidence reported varied “between 0.09% (in-hospital) and 30% (1 day)”. Even though hypotension is believed to be a strong signal and a significant factor involving adverse postoperative outcomes, and duration of its episodes has not been clearly defined yet. Etiology To be able to treat intraoperative hypotension and avoid its dangerous postoperative outcomes, health professionals have to identify its causes. The causative mechanisms that lead to IOH vary in different phases, which are defined according to the different stages of surgery under general anesthesia. Post-induction hypotension (PIH) and early intraoperative hypotension (IOH) have been identified as the main phases induced by intravenous anesthetics and other anesthetic medication. Patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia can have hypotension caused by various pathophysiologic mechanisms, which means that the etiology of IOH involves a range of factors. Among the most common ones are vasodilation, intravascular hypovolemia, low cardiac output, high intra-thoracic pressure, and impairment of the sympathetic nervous system or compromised baroreflex regulation. During vasodilation, blood vessels widen as a result of the relaxation of their muscular walls. This mechanism leads to “a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and an increase in blood flow”, which causes a decrease in blood pressure. Vasodilation and venodilation, in particular, is considered to be the main cause of hypovolemia induced by anesthetic drugs. It can also be caused by the reduction in circulating blood volume following massive blood loss (absolute hypovolemia) or inadequate “increases in the capacitance of the blood vessels as in vasodilatory shock” (relative hypovolemia). As a result, when compensatory mechanisms are impaired or function inadequately, relative hypovolemia can reduce arterial blood pressure. Decreased cardiac output can be caused by a sinus rate that is too slow and leads to conditions like bradycardia or low stroke volume. Abnormally high heart rates, in turn, can lead to a decrease in stroke volume by “reducing ventricular filling time”. As a result of ventricular fibrillation, cardiac output falls to zero, which, in turn, causes hypotension. Hypotension can also be a consequence of baroreflex failure in patients undergoing and/or following radical neck dissection, neck injury, throat irradiation, and carotid artery surgery. Along with bradycardia, hypotension is common in patients when they are resting or relaxing. This is due to the loss of buffering ability, which occurs during baroreflex failure. It results from the “interruption of the afferent limb of the baroreflex at the level of the carotid sinus, baroreceptor afferents, or medulla”, and, apart from orthostatic hypotension, can lead to acute or fluctuating hypertension4. Risk factors associated with intraoperative hypotension have appeared to include advanced age, the history of hypotensive episodes, emergency surgery, and the vulnerability to tissue ischemia. Signs and Symptoms Patients sedated with anesthetic medication during surgery do not convey most of the common signs of low blood pressure, such as dizziness, nausea, or blurred vision. Therefore, during surgery, physicians have to depend on common definitions of what is considered to be the lowest blood pressure that can be managed without severe health outcomes. That is why the definitions of what constitutes intraoperative hypotension still vary. However, it is commonly accepted that values below “a mean arterial pressure threshold of 65 mmHg” are dangerous and entail cases of postoperative complications and death5. It can result in permanent organ injury, as it means that blood is not reaching the patient’s major organs. Conclusion It can be concluded that while the causes of intraoperative hypotension have been identified, the ways to prevent them and treat hypotension have not been clearly defined. IOH remains to be a major signal associated with adverse outcomes and high rates of postoperative mortality. Therefore, further research might focus on investigating the ways to manage. References Wijnberge, M., Schenk, J., Bulle, E., et al. Association of intraoperative hypotension with postoperative morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJS Open . 2021; 5(1), p.2. Wesselink, E., Kappen, T., Torn, H., Slooter, A. and van Klei, W. Intraoperative hypotension and the risk of postoperative adverse outcomes: a systematic review. British Journal of Anaesthesia . 2018; 121(4), pp.706-721. Saugel, B., Kouz, K., Hoppe, P. and Briesenick, L. Intraoperative hypotension: Pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and therapeutic approaches. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia . 2020; 64(2), p.90. Ramanlal, R. and Gupta, V. 2021. Physiology, Vasodilation . Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Web. McGee, S. 2021. Hypovolemia . ScienceDirect. Web. Fitzgerald, J., Fedoruk, K., Jadin, S., Carvalho, B. and Halpern, S. Prevention of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Anaesthesia . 2019; 75(1), pp.109-121.

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Patriots’ Fight for American Independence Essay The American War of Independence is between the American colonies and Great Britain. The revolution’s success eventually depended on the willingness of Americans to risk their lives and economic well-being in the name of patriotism. The revolution was a conservative attempt to preserve freedoms that seemed to be threatened by British politics. However, the war was accompanied by social and intellectual transformations that radically changed the nature of American politics and brought ordinary people into politics to an unprecedented degree. It was the main reason why the Patriots were willing to risk their lives for the sake of independence and change. Firstly, the Patriots wanted the American colonies to gain independence from Great Britain as they wanted their own independent country. People in America felt they were being treated unfairly by the British (DiPucchio, 2020). They were taxed without voting or being represented by the British government. Soon, the first battles for freedom were heard throughout the colonies. The Patriots wanted freedom from British rule and fought for it. Secondly, the American fighters for independence were more willing to sacrifice their lives because they wanted to defend universal ideals. Indeed, American intellectuals were greatly influenced by the ideas of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who promoted the natural rights and freedoms of every man (The Library of Congress, n.d.). However, with its rigid class system and the unrestrained power of the monarchy, the British Empire was far from the new values that more and more Americans held. Finally, the new generations of immigrants were forming a new identity that differed from those that their fathers had. They started associating themselves less with English, German, or Dutch and more with Americans (Hanson & O’Dwyer, 2019). Thus, the gap between people in England and its American colonies became wider, and the former was viewed as the conquerors by the latter. Therefore, the patriots were willing to risk their lives to ensure freedom from the oppressors. Overall, it is argued that there are at least three reasons that made the patriots willing to sacrifice their lives in the war against the British Empire. Among them, the unfair treatment that Americans experienced as they were heavily taxed and could not influence the political situation is found to be one of the strongest ones. Additionally, the spread of modern ideas and a new identity formation in the colonies further increased this dissatisfaction. Reference DiPucchio, N. G. (2020). Conquest for commerce: American policymakers, Bermuda, and the war for Independence, 1775–83. Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 18 (1), 61–89. Web. Hanson, K., & O’Dwyer, E. (2019). Patriotism and nationalism, left and right: AQ‐methodology study of American national identity. Political Psychology, 40 (4), 777-795. The Library of Congress. (n.d.). Creating the United States: Revolution of the mind . Web.

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Pentecostal Movements Legitimacy Essay Pentecostal movements adhere to some doctrines that are contested by most Christian denominations, whether it be the Eastern Church or the Western Church. Sometimes their movements are treated as sects, still, they are not recognized as destructive. The big denominations will never come to a consensus with the Pentecostals on a number of issues. By most denominations, Pentecostals cannot be considered as a legitimate movement. Nontrinitarianism rests on the assertion that God is one, there is neither the Holy Spirit, emanating from him, nor his Son, the same divine being. The Bible usually states the trinity of God: “For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit, because anyone who serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God and receives human approval” (Romans 14:17-18). Pentecostals reject the divine nature of Jesus Christ altogether, acting as Jehovah’s Witnesses. Pentecostal Arianism is about ridding the figure of Jesus Christ of all that is divine. This doctrine is completely contrary to most denominations and confessions, where it is customary to say of Jesus Christ: “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation” (Colossians 1:15). The degree of the divine and the human in Jesus Christ has been the subject of discussion for a very long time, still, the complete elimination of the divine from his figure is not possible. The Pentecostal movement does not recognize the Apocrypha, and considers only the Bible to be a genuine subject for study. This, in general, makes Pentecostal in some way a bookish religion, similar to Islam. In Latin language, the principle of the inspiration of the Bible sounds like ‘Sola Sriptura’. There can be no additions to the Bible, and other authorities are considered illegitimate. Interpretations of the Bible are also prohibited and are not considered authoritative. Like Seventh-day Adventists, Pentecostals do not believe in hell. This is contrary to the principles of the mercy of God who cannot send his children to eternal torment. There are usually contradictions here too: “And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth” (Matthew 13:42). This is what divine love is: in saving people from eternal punishment. In conclusion, Pentecostals have a few differences from other Christian denominations and are unlikely to ever come to a consensus, therefore, these denominations cannot legitimize them. Work Cited New International Version. Biblica , Web.

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Persecution of Coptic Christians in Egypt Essay The Coptic religious community has a long history in Egypt. The persecution began at the conquest of Egypt by the Arabs and, unfortunately, has not stopped until now. Coptic Christians are regularly targeted for persecution, sometimes resulting in terrorist acts or murders. At the everyday level, Coptic Christians are opposed by the inhabitants of Egypt, ordinary Muslims (Sherwood, 2018). On a spiritual and more global level, Copts are threatened by terrorist organizations such as ISIS. They were exiled from Iraq and Syria and took secret refuge in Egypt. Persecution of Copts occurs throughout Egypt, facilitating the persecution of the fact that their religion is written in the passport of citizens of Egypt. It allows the Muslim Egyptians to deny the Copts the desired work, hindering their small businesses development. In daily life, Copts complain that they are being discriminated against in hospitals, schools, and universities (Sherwood, 2018). Terrorist organizations often kidnap Coptic women and force them to marry Muslims (Sherwood, 2018). The meaning of such a marriage is that a Muslim does not want to marry a non-Muslim woman. Before marriage, a Christian woman is required to take her husband’s religion. In addition to kidnappings, radicalized Muslims kill church leaders and blow up vehicles and buildings that may contain Copts. The article does not describe the help of neighboring countries or any others who wished to support Coptic Christians. Despite this, the Copts have a large community consisting of Catholics, Orthodox Christians, and other offshoots (Sherwood, 2018). Readers can assume that countries do not intervene in the conflict since terrorists from radicalized groups such as ISIS are already involved. After the victims in many countries of the world, which occurred due to terrorists, no government wants to interfere. Another reason for the lack of active support is the deep history of the conflict. The history of the war describes its causes well, and many outsiders perceive the persecution of the Copts as a logical event. Reference Sherwood, H. (2018). Christians in Egypt face unprecedented persecution, report says . The Guardian. Web.

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Persian vs. Greek Cultures & Political Structures Essay The differences between the Persian and Greek cultures can be seen in several traditions and customs. In Persia, the distinction between different religions and languages was accepted by the society, allowing people from the conquered territories to continue practicing their ancestral traditions without being persecuted (Brooks, 2019). In contrast, Greeks were less tolerant of other religions and cultures, enforcing submission to Greek customs from the populations residing in their territory (Brooks, 2019). Another significant dissimilarity was the citizens’ attitude toward the authority, with the Persian residents voluntarily supporting the King and remaining strongly loyal to him (Brooks, 2019). In Greece, where the democratic rule was considered the most beneficial, the concept of one person reigning over others was disapproved, with the majority of the elite supporting democracy as a just distribution of power. The political structures of Persia and Greece were also highly distinct, as each system was to support the established governing methods. Persian government allowed for efficient control over separated locations and managed the authority of the leaders who were given the most power, the political governors and military generals (Brooks, 2019). Alternatively, the Greek political system was based on democracy, but it was highly unequal and challenging to manage over long distances (Brooks, 2019). Another crucial aspect of Persian leadership was modest taxation, which was increased only when military forces were required for war. In comparison, the Greek taxation system was incredibly sophisticated, and to ensure prosperity; it heavily relied on Greece’s allies. The significance of Athens’ downfall in the Peloponnesian war is connected to Athens’ role as the city-state that unified several Poleis. One argument suggests that after surrendering to the Spartans, Greece lost most of its political and military power, primarily accumulated in Athens (Brooks, 2019). Another point of view is that the Peloponnesian defeat diminished Athens’ possibilities to conduct imperial expansion, undermining the established political order and reducing Athens’ influence on other Greek cities. Reference Brooks, C. (2019). Western civilization: A concise history . NSCC.

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Person-Centered Strategy of Diabetes and Dementia Care Essay Nowadays, the spread of diabetes across the globe is on the march. Sitting lifestyle, obesity, and the aging of the population contribute to this health problem. While there is no cure for diabetes, methods to improve patients’ quality of life have been elaborated and implemented. However, in cases when a patient has diabetes and dementia simultaneously, it may be difficult for them to do all the necessary procedures. Healthcare services should provide additional care to such patients. This paper hypothesizes that a patient-centered strategy should be implemented to promote health in patients with diabetes and dementia. First of all, it is necessary to determine the significance of health problems to health status. To do this, the implications of age, gender, and ethnicity should be thoroughly considered. Research shows that Afro-Americans and Latinos are most at risk of developing diabetes of the second type (Marseglia et al., 2019). The risk indicators are slightly lower for American Indians and Alaska natives though both these groups have a higher predisposition to diabetes than white people. Gender does not play a significant role in disease development: both men and women have an equal chance of getting the disease. With age, the predisposition to diabetes grows, and older people are more likely to suffer from diabetes. It has been established that diabetes may provoke the development of dementia in older age groups. The incidence of dementia in diabetes-related groups is 50% higher than in people who do not suffer from the disease. Dementia is an age-related disease that is predominant in the women population. Studies show that ethnic factors do not play any role in dementia development. The mortality rate of patients with dementia and diabetes varies depending on their care. The cost of care is relatively high since these patients need day-to daycare provided by nurses and other health specialists. The population of focus for this study will be Afro-American women aged between sixty and ninety who have diabetes of the second type and dementia or are likely to develop dementia in the future. The geographical area where prevention strategies will be implemented will be Georgia since this state has a high percent of the Afro-American population. Health teaching principles lie at the core of the successful implementation of any strategy. First of all, the readiness to learn should be measured. By asking questions about the patient’s view on the health problem and possible ways that they may take to improve their quality of life, one can assess the patient’s readiness to learn. There are several stages through which a patient changes his behavior, from ignorance of the problem to establishing healthy habits and changing their lifestyle (Marseglia et al., 2019). In adults, readiness to learn is closely associated with the developmental task of one’s social role. Subject prevalence is an essential factor in promoting adult learners’ motivation. Adults do not usually learn for the knowledge’s sake but want to see the practical results of their activity. It is especially true for patients with dementia whose ultimate goal is to take as much control of their life as they can. Initial simple tasks with practical application that allow patients to feel that they succeed can motivate further learning activity. Reading level of patients with dementia is crucial in the learning process since it is essential to provide learning materials that people can understand. Dementia often leads to dissociation and memory gaps, so reading materials should be adapted to the understanding level of the patients. To access the reading level, healthcare workers may ask patients to read some article or brochure and then ask questions on the article’s content. Learner engagement is another factor that influences the success of the teaching process. Patients with dementia get better learning results when they are interested and motivated. Irresponsive and passive learners are unlikely to significantly improve their quality of life. The most effective approach to teaching patients with diabetes and dementia is a person-centered approach to care planning. Bunn et al. (2017) state that “patient priorities [must be] at the forefront” of therapy, while medical considerations should serve as a background. Indeed, independence and patient and carer priorities come to the fore, as they allow the patients to see the learning process results and improve their quality of life. Nevertheless, “the minimum requirements of ‘good’ diabetic control” must be implemented (Bunn, 2017). The education content would be centered around life skills, such as taking care of one’s needs or interests. For example, washing the dishes or watering the plants may be beneficial for dementia patients. In the cognitive sphere, doing simple arithmetic could be a good example. The timeframe for such activities would necessitate several weekly visits by healthcare workers. Later, when the learning process transforms into habits, the number of visits could be reduced. The education will take place either at patients’ homes if they have difficulty getting to social centers or at social centers. The teaching would go in the form of practical skills education combined with mental training. Learning success would largely depend on cultural variables such as culture, socio-economic circumstances, and family surroundings. Cultural variables should be taken into consideration when planning education processes as cultural implications may prevent people from doing certain things. Thus, women may refuse to wash the dishes or floor if they had a housekeeper who did it for them all their life. Poor socio-economic circumstances may prevent people from getting necessary medication. Healthcare workers must see to it that the insurance covers all medicines for this group of patients. Family support means a lot for patients with dementia and would broadly impact learning results. References Bunn, F., Goodman, C., Reece Jones, P., Russell, B., Trivedi, D., Sinclair, A., Bayer, A., Rait, G., Rycroft-Malone, J., & Burton, C. (2017). What works for whom in the management of diabetes in people living with dementia: a realist review. BMC Medicine, 15(1). Marseglia, A., Wang, H. X., Rizzuto, D., Fratiglioni, L., & Xu, W. (2019). Participating in mental, social, and physical leisure activities and having a rich social network reduce the incidence of diabetes-related dementia in a cohort of Swedish older adults. Diabetes Care , 42 (2), 232-239.

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Personal Branding and Negotiation Skills Essay I have reviewed the videos Tips for job seekers: How to negotiate your salary pt. 1 and Tips for job seekers: Advice on personal branding pt. 2 , which were helpful for planning job interviews. From the first video, I learned that it is necessary to present value and uniqueness when asking for a raise in salary, which is also applicable to the topic of personal branding (CareerBuilder, 2012). Namely, one can use a similar approach when applying for a job, emphasizing that they have the skills and ideas that the company might appreciate. The other skill is flexibility; it is essential to consider several options when negotiating something so that to be able to turn situations into win-win events. The second video’s focus was closer to the topic of personal branding. Namely, its vital information was that one should be honest when presenting oneself to a company since it demonstrates whether the employee would be further satisfied with one’s work (CarrierBuilding, 2013). The openness signals the employer that an individual is genuinely suitable for a job position and can complete their tasks effectively in the future. So, the skills to focus on are value creation, negotiation, flexibility, and openness. They are significant because they make one a particularly presentable individual for an employer. Moreover, these skills are essential for a management career since they are components of a personal brand; in turn, a manager’s knowledge of branding is obligatory. This information comprises a part of the skillset for a person that plans to promote and work with people professionally. Thus, the mentioned skills are required for people who themselves are to cooperate with employees and understand their value. References CareerBuilder. (2012). Tips for job seekers: How to negotiate your salary pt. 1 [Video]. YouTube. Web. CarrierBuilding. (2013). Tips for job seekers: Advice on personal branding pt. 2 [Video]. YouTube. Web.

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Personal Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic Essay The COVID-19 outbreak was a sudden and terrifying experience for all people around the world. I remember telling my friends that the virus would not last for a long time and that we would all meet after two weeks of self-isolation. I did not know how far it would go and what changes to my life it would bring. Sitting at home and watching the news about millions of infected and fatal cases made me realize how fragile human life is. The pandemic has both positive and negative effects on people and their businesses. This paper addresses these effects and provides my experience of the COVID-19 healthcare crisis. The virus that is still ongoing has taught a valuable thing for all of us that is being able to adapt to rapidly changing circumstances. You will never know what is waiting for you in the future, and you should be flexible and calm enough to embrace the new reality. At the beginning of the pandemic, it was fun to sit at home, watch TV series and chat with my friends. Yet, after some time, I realized how my mental health was going downwards as I started to feel anxiety about the world and my future. I also felt very sorry for people who lost their close ones because of COVID. However, I somehow managed that stress due to mental health support, podcasts, and books. I realized that being able to adapt to a changing reality is the only way to keep doing daily routines. At a country level, countries were also adapting and making new policies, and I think now many political figures are more flexible being aware of sudden changes. There were too many mistakes to realize the importance of effective and fast decisions that take into account today’s reality. One more positive thing about the pandemic is that people learned the value of family and socialization. People cannot live alone, and they need someone to rely on and care for. During the pandemic, I was with my family, and I think it was the first time interacting with them so closely. We were discussing the situation and sharing personal concerns a lot, so that I could understand my family more and support them. I was also worried about older members of the family, thinking that I did not appreciate time with them before the pandemic. It made me reconsider my family relations and understand that they are my close ones, and I should dedicate my time to them more. I assume this was a great lesson for everyone, and I hope people would value their families and take care of them. One of the crucial changes that the COVID-19 outbreak brought to us is online education. I did not know how to assess such kind of education as positive or negative as there are many arguments for each side. Personally, I liked the online mode of the studies because I could also register for other courses provided for free by different universities and platforms like Coursera. I also learned how to manage time properly as the increased number of assignments forced me to do so. Yet, many students did not like online education as we could not focus well on our studies. People live in different conditions, some of us did not have personal space for studying while others did not have time for education. Education is indeed a privilege, but the online mode made it even worse. Moreover, I heard that in some countries, students climbed on trees to have access to the Internet and do their homework. The COVID-19 crisis increased inequality across the world and had a negative impact on the world economy. People in developing countries did not have proper healthcare services and tools for online mode of working and studying. Many people lost their jobs, being unable to sustain their families. Such conditions raised crime rates, unemployment rates, and global hunger, putting many countries in a hard socio-economic situation. Furthermore, the virus split people into two categories of supporters of vaccination and those who are against it. This division between people caused social disturbances that made the healthcare crisis turn into an ideological fight. People were making up some stories regarding the COVID-19 and not contributing to the solution of the outbreak. In my opinion, such a response of the public is expected as the general mass wanted answers that government officials did not have. As such, the government should be very careful on how to communicate with citizens. Overall, there is much to say about the effects of Covdi-19. For me, it was an experience of taking care of my mental health and being close to my family. For the world, it has resulted in disrupted economies, increased inequality, and loss of lives. I hope the crisis made people rethink their lives and be supportive of others. I also believe that the world would not be the same after the end of COVID-19 if it actually has an end.

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