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Erykah Badu’s “Bag Lady” Song Meaning and Context Essay I have selected Erykah Badu’s “Bag Lady” and explored its original version, a live version, a 2018 cover by Nao, the singer’s interview, and Erica Swift’s interpretation of the message. The original version presents the song just as a piece of art, so the message serves as the only context (“Bag Lady (Official Video)”). The live version accentuates the singer’s positive reputation (“Erykah Badu Live – Bag Lady”). In contrast, the cover version places it in the context of exploring the pillars of neo-soul. Due to Nao’s introductory word, the accent might be shifted from the underlying message to Erykah Badu’s contributions to neo-soul (“Bag Lady – NAO Cover for the Soul Train Awards”). Nao’s cover uses novel sound recording equipment and technology, which, from my perspective, adds depth and emotion to the song by enabling the listener to distinguish the details of the performer’s vocal control techniques. Thus, technology has influenced the way that “Bag Lady” is perceived. The findings above deepen my previous knowledge about the song. I have learned that young neo-soul singers might see the work in question as the essence of the genre’s unique beauty. The song research activity has also challenged my previous perceptions of the song’s meaning while also demonstrating that various interconnected interpretations of the song exist. As for the originally intended meaning, the singer explains that the song is about “personal growth” and having “too many things” on one’s mind (HIP Online). Other people’s perspectives, however, further elaborate on this non-specific message to incorporate transitions between various stages of life and recovery after traumatic events. For instance, Swift’s interpretation is that one “cannot get to their destination [the next chapter in life] with too much baggage,” and she understands “baggage” as unresolved psychological traumas. Interestingly, the meanings explained above are a bit different from my perceptions from previous encounters with the song. For me, the song reflects on how taking too much responsibility and spreading oneself too thin leads to exhaustion and loneliness. Works Cited “Bag Lady – NAO Cover for the Soul Train Awards.” YouTube , uploaded by BET International, 2018. “Bag Lady (Official Video).” YouTube , uploaded by Erykah Badu, n.d. “Erykah Badu Live – Bag Lady.” YouTube , uploaded by Aikan74, n.d. HIP Online. “Erykah Badu – Interview.” HIP , 2001. Swift, Erikah. “How I Learned the True Meaning of Erykah Badu’s “Bag Lady”.” Signed with Love , 2019.

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Essay on the Career Goal: Nursing Essay In the modern world, the nurse’s role is changing dramatically: From being a resident assistant to the treating physician, the registered nurse (RN) is becoming the critical link in the clinic. RNs help provide a continuum of communication between patients, their families, and medical staff, which means that treatment and recovery outcomes depend on the effectiveness of their work. Given the structural changes in the professional role of the registered nurse, I could not help but take an interest in this field. Thus, my career goal is to pursue a bachelor’s degree in nursing as the first step to becoming a professional nurse. Nursing has become particularly important in recent years and became especially important to the clinical system during the COVID-19 pandemic. By now, there are over 4.2 million registered nurses in the United States (USAHS). This large number represents about 1.3 percent of the nation’s total population, which means about one in 100 Americans is a registered nurse. This data shows how critical this role is to society, as a large number of people from various states would not choose the profession if it were not in demand. The Rafferty study indicates that “nurses can realise their potential as change agents in building a better future for health care” (Rafferty 475). Additionally, USAHS reports that the number of male nurses has tripled over the past 50 years, which also reflects a positive trend in this professional role and rapid removal of stigma. There has historically been a bias against nurses regarding their importance. Although the nurse’s role is not controversial for patients who frequently encounter clinics and other stakeholders, healthy people can provoke stigma toward such staff. This prejudice has nothing to do with the current level of medical development since the nurse has long since ceased to be an adjunct to the physician but has been given a separate role, a theoretical foundation, and new functions. Opportunities for continual growth and helping sick people are features of today’s RNs that appeal to my career choice. Thus, my altruistic nature and desire to overcome stigma motivate me to continue my BSN training. Since my chosen career is feasible, I have to think about the organizational details of professional development. I have to spend at least four years to get my BSN, which is the standard time frame for an undergraduate degree. However, it is likely that I will want to continue my studies after the BSN, in which case I will need additional time. To be specific, I will say that four years is the minimum I wish to cover, to begin with. The cost also depends on the state and university, but the average cost is about $40,000 (NJ). Hence, my plan is to continue to make savings at a compound interest rate that will help me have financial protection. I plan to study all four years carefully and do my homework and tests to get the solid knowledge I will need in the future. To emphasize the bottom line, my central career goal is to earn a bachelor’s degree in registered nursing. This is the most specific and pressing goal I have set for myself in terms of career advancement. However, once I receive my BSN, I have no plans to graduate, as I want to advance my knowledge continually. Professional development requires careful academic work on myself, but in addition, I will also need to save up some money. To put it another way, in the next four years, I plan to work hard on my education in order to fulfill my personal career goal. Works Cited NJ. “ How Much Does Nursing School Cost? ” Nurse Journal . 2022. Web. Rafferty, Anne M. “Nurses as Change Agents for a Better Future in Health Care: The Politics of Drift and Dilution.” Health Economics, Policy and Law , vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2018, pp. 475-491. USAHS. “60 Key Nursing Statistics and Trends for 2021.” USA . 2021. Web.

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Ethical Case: Falsifying Advertisement Research Paper The Supreme Court ruled that Static Control’s claim of violation of the Lanham Act clause falsifying advertisement was valid. The underlying issue in the case was that the Supreme Court had to determine the meaning of the provision by applying the traditional principles of interpreting the statute (Campbell, 2020). The second issue is that labeling the claim by Static Control as a prudential standing question was misleading (Halbert & Ingulli, 2020). Lexmark bases the arguments on the prudential standing of Associated General Contractors. However, the case has strong grounds on statutory provisions that the Supreme Court had to ascertain in terms of statutory interpretation. The causes of the statute violations damage the plaintiff’s reputation since they fall within the zone of interest covered by the statute. The Supreme Court presumed that the statutory cause of action extended only to plaintiffs for whom the invoked law protects their interests. According to Bennett v. Spear, 520 U. S. 154, the span of the zone of interest varies depending on the law at issue (Tavares, 2021). The Lanham Act includes statements of purposes such as the people engaged and protection against unfair competition. Common law depicts unfair competition as causing injury to a business’s reputation or sales. The plaintiff must then show that they suffered a commercial interest injury within the zone of interest in a false-advertising suit. The Supreme Court also presumed that the statutory cause of action is limited to the plaintiff whose injuries arise from the proximate cause of the violation of the statute. For example, in the case of Holmes v. Securities Investor Protection Corporation, 503 U.S. 258-270, the statutory cause of action bars suits from damages that are remote from the defendant’s unlawful conduct (Jones, 2019). However, since the Lanham Act only allows commercial injury lawsuits, the proximate cause of the consumer deception is not fatal as required by the statute. The principles act as guidance than the direct-competitor test, reasonable interest by the Sixth Circuit, or multifactor balancing test recommended by Lexmark. The principle also outlines that the claims by Static Control fall under plaintiffs authorized to sue under §1125(a). Static Control can sufficiently allege that it lost sales and suffered injuries in its business reputation within the zone of interest caused by Lexmark’s misrepresentation. References Campbell, J. (2020). What the Supreme Court is likely to do in the presently pending case Google v. Oracle. The University of Cincinnati Intellectual Property and Computer Law Journal , 5 (1), 4. Web. Halbert, T., & Ingulli, E. (2020). Law and ethics in the business environment (9 th ed.) Cengage Learning. Jones, R. M. (2019). Congressional testimony: Examining private market exemptions as a barrier to IPOS and retail investment. House financial services committee, subcommittee on investor protection, entrepreneurship, and capital markets . Tavares, R. (2021). Banki v. Fine, 224 A. 3d 88 (RI 2020). Roger Williams University Law Review , 26 (3), 7. Web.

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Ethical Dilemma: The Missing Needle Protector Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Case Study Summary 3. Journal Article 4. Communication Approaches 5. Effectiveness of Actions 6. Solution 7. References Background Ethical dilemmas in the health care field are challenging to discuss due to the medical procedures’ long-term effect on people’s wellbeing. Health care professionals and patients have to develop a level of trust to support the recovery process for patients and the status of the hospital. Moreover, healthcare is built on such ideas as nonmaleficence and justice, and one has to approach ethical questions with these principles in mind. This paper investigates the case of a retained foreign object (RFO) and the decision-making process of the director of clinical services. Case Study Summary In the discussed case, the director of clinical services, E. L. Straight, is made aware by a supervisor that, during surgery, a surgeon potentially left a plastic needle protector inside a patient’s abdomen (Capella University, 2020). The patient, Mrs. Jameson, has been released and went home; thus, it would be difficult to bring her back for a routine check without raising any suspicion. Straight is concerned due to working in this position only for two years, while the involved surgeon, Dr. Cutrite, is one of the hospital’s most recognized and experienced professionals. Although the surgeon’s mental and physical state has declined in the last few years, he retains much political influence. Moreover, Cutrite urged the staff not to alert the patient about the RFO or do anything. In a hypothetical discussion, the chief of surgery replied that the risk of life-threatening consequences was low but unpredictable. According to the ethical decision-making model, Straight goes through three steps when considering this dilemma. The first is moral awareness, where the director recognizes that a problem exists (Capella University, n. d.). This step is guided by one’s knowledge of practices and morally beneficial and detrimental principles. The RFO is perceived as a problem based on it being a risk for the patient and the hospital, while Cutrite’s authority is seen as a barrier to resolution. Therefore, Straight immediately decides that leaving the object in the patient is wrong, applying the second step of moral judgment. The director suggests an ethical behavior based on personal moral principles – immediate surgery for Mrs. Jameson (Capella University, 2020). However, the dilemma is further complicated by other professionals’ inaction or desire to conceal the problem. Straight needs to go through the steps of the model again to develop a solution. Several individual and organizational characteristics influence the dilemma. First, Straight’s experience in the managerial position is relatively small, as the director has been employed for only two years. At the same time, Cutrite has been working longer than any other surgeon, and he retains the status of a brilliant general surgeon. The operating room supervisor has reported the problem to the director, but her attitude is rather inactive. Thus, it is possible that the hospital does not have a strong accountability culture or a standardized approach to dealing with medical errors. Journal Article The dilemma arises from the hospitals’ inadequate system for reporting and dealing with errors such as RFOs and the lacking method for assessing surgeons’ performance. In their study, Corrigan et al. (2018) examine the problem of RFOs and potential strategies for reducing and mitigating this risk. The author’s research is credible and recent, being published in a peer-reviewed journal. It is based on many other credible sources, and the researchers present statistics supporting their conclusions. Moreover, the topics discussed in the article are relevant to the present discussion as they concern dealing with RFOs. Corrigan et al. (2018) state that the issue of RFOs is multifaceted, as it harms patients, the institution, and taxpayers. The authors suggest a bow-tie system for reducing risks by analyzing contributing factors, preventative controls, mitigating controls, and outcomes. The process involves training staff about recognizing the risk of RFOs and communication channels for reporting potential errors quickly. Communication Approaches Communication plays a vital role in resolving the ethical issue in this case. Before the incident with the RFO, Straight developed new programs and analyzed surgeons’ care quality. Nevertheless, the director did not take any steps to reduce the privileges given to Cutrite. It is not stated in the case whether the two individuals discussed the surgeon’s declining health or his performance. However, Straight’s behavior demonstrates that the surgeon is not aware of possible changes to his practice. As a result, Straight’s communication approach is ineffective – the director is not transparent about medical errors or surgeons’ poor performance. Such practices as avoidance and refusal to acknowledge the problems should not be used in the organization. In contrast, Straight has to start a dialogue with the staff and encourage openness in reporting medical errors in a safe, non-punitive environment. For example, the operating room supervisor is an example of appropriately communicating concerns – she talked to the surgeon at first and then went to the higher level of management to resolve the issue. The outcome of Straight’s lack of communication is the surgeon’s refusal to operate on the patient. The medical error can also be seen as an indirect result of Straight not moving forward with restricting Cutrite’s practice in time. Effectiveness of Actions In the case study, Straight takes action by suggesting to get Mrs. Jameson back to surgery. This action could be effective as it would potentially lead to the removal of the RFO without alerting the patient. As a result, the hospital would save its reputation and ensure patient wellbeing. However, this action is impossible as the patient has been discharged; thus, Straight’s measures are ineffective. Moreover, the supervisor’s approach is also not ideal – she went to the director several days after the surgery. The check for missing objects was likely completed right after the procedure. Therefore, the supervisor either took too much time thinking about the issue or has been informed about it too late. All professionals involved in the case did not manage their professional responsibilities well. They did not report on the problems in time, prioritizing personal status over patient safety. This case shows how fear of others’ political influence can lead to significant ethical issues that put patients in danger. Solution The hospital requires substantial systemic changes to prevent such ethical problems from occurring in the future. To resolve this specific case, Straight has to talk to Cutrite and explain the risks of leaving the RFO in the patient’s body and persuade him to return the patient for surgery. Then, the director needs to implement a standardized system for preventing RFOs through communication, checks, and staff training (Corrigan et al., 2018). First, it is impossible to predict whether Mrs. Jameson is completely safe, as the surgeon insists. Second, if the patient somehow finds out about the object, the surgeon and the hospital would be at risk of a lawsuit that would damage their reputation and financial stability. If Cutrite declines to complete the procedure, Straight should call the patient anyway and appoint another surgeon for this task. The proposed solution can lead to a conflict among surgeons. Still, such action is necessary for building long-term relationships that value care quality, transparency, and skill above one’s social and political standing. It is possible that a new system of checks will require professional collaboration and increase staff participation in the hospital’s growth. References Capella University. (2020). Ethical case studies . Web. Capella University. (n. d.). Ethical decision-making model . Web. Corrigan, S., Kay, A., O’Byrne, K., Slattery, D., Sheehan, S., McDonald, N., Smyth, D., Mealy, K., & Cromie, S. (2018). A socio-technical exploration for reducing & mitigating the risk of retained foreign objects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 15 (714), 1-17. Web.

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Ethical Issue: Public Corruption Essay Ethics is an indispensable component of the criminal justice system. That is because ethics is needed to define a criminal act and determine a proper punishment, and guide decisions and actions of judges, juries, police officers, and lawyers. More precisely, strict adherence to the principles of ethics ensures impartiality and protection of the rights of victims and criminals. The present essay addresses the issue of public corruption from individual, organizational, and societal perspectives. The concept of public corruption refers to the misuse of power by a public official to gain some personal benefits. The theory of ethical formalism that is represented in the works of Immanuel Kant and John Rawls argues that “the only thing truly good is goodwill, and that what is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative” (Pollock, 2018, p. 33). A categorical imperative, in its turn, could be understood as a rule of conduct that is ethically and morally right and obligatory with no exceptions. From this, it could be inferred that public corruption results from the breach of laws or rules that all members of a society should follow. Public corruption could be explained on individual, societal, and organizational levels. According to Pollock (2018), the most popular explanation of public corruption conducted by an individual police officer is the rotten-apple argument. This argument defends the position that an officer who misconducted is deviant and “it was simply a mistake to hire him or her” (Pollock, 2018). Gorsira et al. (2018) study reveal that public officials moral conviction on whether they should refrain from corruption makes them more or less inclined to abuse power. When criminologists investigate cases of public corruption, they might use the individual explanation to claim that a police officer or a public official committed a crime since he or she has low self-control, poor education, a high sense of entitlement, or is cynical (Pollock, 2018). Therefore, the essence of individual explanation is that the society and an organization where a corrupted employee works are unrelated to the crime committed. An individual explanation of a case of corruption can be found in Luc Besson’s movie Leon: The professional . The entire story between Leon, the killer, and a 12-years-old girl Mathilda starts with the death of her family. Mathilda’s parents and siblings were killed by the corrupt agents of the Drug Enforcement Administration with which her father cooperated. The police officers were interested in gaining benefits from selling the drugs by accessing them via Mathilda’s father. This way, from the perspective of individual explanations of public corruption, the officers misconducted because they wanted to retrieve personal benefits from the situation. The organizational explanation of public corruption argues that a person committed wrongdoing because of the micro-climate within his or her organization that contradicts the principles of ethics. As Pollock (2018) puts it, it is common for small workgroups to develop a culture that contradicts ethical norms and provokes corrupted behavior. In addition to that, organizational culture per se, both formal and informal, could cause corruption (Pollock, 2018). For instance, officers might not be trained to successfully detect ethical dilemmas and solve them. Another feature that could cause public corruption on the organizational level is mistrust between employees and a lack of understanding and cooperation in a team. Pollock (2018) cites a study conducted by Elizabeth Reuss-Ianni on the issue of public corruption. The author has discovered that in the 1970s, in New York, there were tense relations between street cops and management cops (Pollock, 2018). The subculture of street cops was based on the fact that they cherished loyalties and commitments more than laws (Pollock, 2018). Hence, even though a decision to commit an act of corruption could be made only by an individual, the culture and climate within his or her organization could affect this decision. An organizational explanation of public corruption could be found in Stephen King’s novel The Green Mile which was later filmed by Ferenc Darabont. Overall, The Green Mile is a story about prison wardens who had no chance to prevent the death penalty of John Coffey even though they knew that he was innocent. This novel contains numerous ethical dilemmas and is an excellent food for thought. One of the examples of public corruption conducted by the wardens is when they brought the prisoner, John Coffey, into the house of their boss, Hal Moores. They committed this act to help the boss and his wife, who was dying of cancer since Coffey had the gift of healing people. Even though it is strictly forbidden for wardens to take prisoners out of jail, three wardens cooperated and implemented their risky plan since they had a culture of respecting and protecting each other. From this, it could be inferred that the prison wardens of block E committed public corruption not because they were flawed but because of their small group’s internal culture. The societal explanation of public corruption is that society, its norms, standards, and rules, made corruption possible. The fundamental idea behind societal explanations of public corruption is that it happens due to “lax community standards over certain types of behavior (gambling, prostitution) and lack of support from prosecutors and the courts” (Pollock, 2018, p. 201). Society makes corruption possible because “we want the police to enforce the law unless they enforce it against us” (Pollock, 2018, p. 201). Indeed, under such circumstances, it is hard to avoid corruption because some officers might say that it was rational not to pay attention to the law violations of certain individuals. The case of corruption provoked by society could be observed in the documentary film The Seven Five, directed by Tiller Russell. This film tells the story of the former police officer, Michael Dowd, who controlled local drug dealers for ten years. Without a doubt, it is impossible to deny that this is the factor of Dowd’s personality that made him take money from the criminals. At the same time, Dowd noticed a crack pandemic in New York, and, thus, he realized that local people could tolerate drug dealers. Hence, to some extent, society forced Dowd to take bribes from drug dealers. Fortunately, there are ways to eliminate or, at least, reduce each type of corruption discussed above. To illuminate corruption caused by personal factors, it is necessary to increase salaries. As a result, the motivation of officials and police officers to take bribes will decrease since they will become satisfied with their income. It is also vital to conduct audits regularly and invest in the education and training of employees. As for corruption explained by organizational factors, it could be reduced by improving internal relations within units of an organization and providing ethical leadership for employees (Pollock, 2018). Public corruption, explained by societal factors, requires the transformation of the entire society (Khan et al., 2021). This transformation is hard to conduct since it involves a lot of resources. Nonetheless, most importantly, working with staff members to teach them to cope with ethical dilemmas effectively and resist the temptation to take a bribe is necessary. References Gorsira, M., Denkers, A., & Huisman, W. (2018). Both sides of the coin: Motives for corruption among public officials and business employees . Journal of Business Ethics , 151 (1), 179-194. Web. Khan, S., Ahmed, A., & Ahmed, K. (2021). Enhancing police integrity by exploring causes of police corruption . Management Science Letters , 11 (6), 1949-1958. Web. Pollock, J. M. (2018). Ethical dilemmas and decisions in criminal justice (10th Edition). Cengage Learning EMEA.

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Ethical Issues of Targeting Uninformed Consumers Essay Marketing is one of the most critical aspects of every business, which makes organizations look for effective ways to attract new customers. However, not all marketing activities are fair or ethical, and targeting uninformed consumers is among them. One should explain that uninformed consumers are individuals who lack the psychological or mental maturity to make reasonable decisions and purchases. Examples of these people are children, the elderly, and individuals with psychological conditions. Consequently, it is unethical to target such consumers because this practice can provide these people with adverse outcomes. Many factors explain why it is unethical to target uninformed consumers. The first robust argument comes from the definition presented above. Since these people do not have psychological or mental maturity, target marketing can force them to purchase unneeded items. Consequently, this marketing approach is a form of manipulation of unprotected populations. The second reason refers to the fact that it is challenging for uninformed consumers to locate sellers’ lying. As a result, organizations can provide customers with false information to stimulate their buying behaviors. Irrespective of this information, some people claim that there is nothing wrong with targeting uninformed consumers. This point of view relies on the belief that such customers represent new markets, and organizations are free to enter and benefit from them. However, it is challenging to deny that these consumers are vulnerable populations, meaning that they deserve a specific attitude. That is why it is unethical to target uninformed customers. In conclusion, the essay has presented robust arguments of why organizations should refrain from targeting children, the elderly, and people with mental conditions. Even though some people and businesses stipulate that these populations are suitable for marketing, it is better to avoid them. The rationale behind this statement is that uninformed consumers do not have psychological maturity, meaning that target marketing can force them to make unreasonable decisions and purchases.

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Ethics and Sustainability Reporting Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Purpose of Cooperate Social Responsibility (CSR) 3. True Sustainability in The Corporate Sector 4. Multinational Corporations in Sustainable Development 5. Conclusion 6. Reference List Introduction The assertion that the global corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of many Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are failing to make a sufficient contribution towards Sustainable Development (SD) is true. Some people argue that the above statement is true because businesses’ social and environmental activities are often not connecting legitimately with the societies they operate in. ISO 26000:2010 was developed to help MNCs achieve sustainable development through a multi-tier reporting channel (United Nations, 2015; Hahn, 2013). Financial performance and overall success in corporate institutions are among the most influential factors for investors seeking to pump their money into new opportunities (Whiteman et al., 2015, p. 307; WCED, 1987). Over the years, corporate have registered groundbreaking profits and losses, which depend on their management practices and policies. The performance of business cooperation is influenced by several factors, including leadership, research, and development, monopoly practices, community engagement, social responsibility, and strategic planning, to mention a few. Today, global warming and climate change are big challenges facing the world. Experts agree that human activities mainly cause climate change, mainly focused on energy and transportation (Banerjee, 2008, p. 1541). Most companies depend on national power grids or fossil fuels to run their operations which contributes immensely to the emission of greenhouse gases. The companies contribute to national development and environmental conservation through the payment of taxes and social activities. However, it does not tally with the impact of their activities on the environment (Browne & Nuttall, 2013). The social contribution of MNCs begins with the ways they handle their employees, customers, and the host community. Communication and reporting among employees and management are key driving factors to the positive performance of an organization. Also, the nature of working conditions determines whether employees feel motivated or demotivated and significantly affects their output at the personal, team, and cooperate levels. Corporations have adopted multi-tier reporting strategies to assess their sustainability in different ways ( GRI, 2013; GRI, 2017). Financial reporting is the conventional way of measuring business performance and presents its pros and cons. The Purpose of Cooperate Social Responsibility (CSR) CSR was proposed several decades down the line and used to improve the company’s image before the general public. Due to the dynamic landscape of the current competitive markets, companies need to take approaches to improve their grip on their market share (Browne et al., 2015). As a result, companies adapt to work in a manner that adds value acceptable to the community ethics and environment preservation standards (ISO 2011; ISO 2013; ISO 2016). Thus, the company pays close attention to community needs and culture, human rights, and its immediate environment. Ethical practices give companies an upper hand over their rivals, helping them gain a more significant share of particular market segments. An ethical company performs better, grows more prominent, and gains more profits to achieve its business goals. True Sustainability in The Corporate Sector Scholars and market experts disagree on a single definition of suitability. However, they agree on the impact of corporate organizations on natural resources such as forests, wetlands, soil, water, and air. Usually, all companies rely on natural resources to produce their products. The dependence on natural resources is either direct or indirect but affects the ecological balance in one way or another. Mason and Simmons (2017, p. 77) note that sustainability is heavily cussed on environmental balance. Since the global population grows faster than regulators can put rehabilitative measures, natural resource acquisition and exploitation are significant challenges. Williams et al. (2017) argue that true sustainability is achievable but at a high cost. For instance, most technology companies own millions of computers that consume vast amounts of power generated from fossil fuels. The companies contribute to climate change by relying on fossil fuels to generate electric power for their operations (Bravo, 2014). Multinational Corporations in Sustainable Development Multinational corporations are not compatible with sustainable development, although the United Nations have provided international guidelines to achieve the latter. Usually, corporates are not designed to commit themselves to a place or community but rather the target financial and market gains. Although most MNCs have declared their commitment to reverse the environmental damage resulting from their actions, it is not achievable on most occasions. Even in cases where the damage is reversible, the corporations do not invest proportionate resources, time, incentives, or commitment to compensate affected communities. Cooperates make tough decisions such as downsizing or adopting new technologies without consulting with their employees or evaluating environmental impact (Carrel, 2016). Such decisions have a devastating impact on the environmental and economic stability of the given community. MNCs have short-term goals that span across a few leadership cycles at the expense of future generations (Milne & Gray, 2013, p. 13). It implies the corporations’ plan and investment in individuals who see the investors’ vision and not sustainable development. However much harm the corporations pose to the environment and society in the future, they consider themselves sustainable as long as they are financially stable to lobby for laws and regulations (Polman, 2014). The concept of demography in multinational corporations is democracy. Usually, the organizations create specific communities that respond to the company. Simplex communication is mistaken for real dialogue between the company, its workers, and host communities, discouraging the participation of stakeholders in company operations (Scherer & Palazzo, 2010). Minority groups are highly segregated and incorporate dialogues, if they happen at all, limiting the chances for sustainable development (Schwartz & Tiling, 2009, p. 289; Summit, 1992). It becomes difficult for minorities to air their grievances or report on any issues affecting or associated with its operations. Financial equity is an essential part of sustainable development, but it is not embraced in most multinational corporations. There is a huge and consonantly growing gap between employee and CEO salaries. For instance, in 1980, CEOs of the largest environmentally polluting companies were paid 41 times an average employee’s salary. The figure grew to 149 by 1993, while the toxic levels produced or caused by corporations grew 230 times (Leung et al., 2009,p. 85). By any definition, MNCs do not sufficiently contribute to sustainable development. The financial policies and disparities challenge sustainability in all dimensions (Unruh, 2014). Most plants emit toxic waste in their neighborhoods, affecting the ecological balance (Kanagaraj et al., 2015, p. 5). Corporations that do not dump their waste in their surroundings, like technology companies, consume much energy generated from fossil fuels. It is unfortunate to note that MNCs are not dedicated to fighting poverty. Experts argue that poverty will fade away with economic growth but do not explain how (Dicken, 2015). Since the end of the second world war, there has been positive economic growth, accompanied by an increase in poverty levels. At the same time, the MNCs have automated their processes, killing millions of jobs worldwide (Shehu & Abba, 2019). The employees who previously helped the jobs can no longer provide for their families, resulting in increased poverty (Vermeulen et al., 2018, p. 16). Although automation increases productivity, it does not embrace true sustainability, inducing poverty among the masses (Carbonero et al., 2020). There is no substantive argument on whether the positive impacts of automation outweigh its disadvantages. Most MNCs are dominant market players and engage in non-competitive behavior, inhibiting the growth and development of startups. They compete unfairly in market control, acquisition of raw materials, and the supply chain at large. Most of the MNCs do not focus on necessities but rather acquire excessive resources. The behavior among the already established organizations is contrary to social and environmental sustainability. Although it propels the companies to achieve their financial goals and obligations, the social and environmental impacts are devastating, inhibiting their ability to achieve true sustainability. There is a significant conflict between community and markets which demands that MNCs must focus on one. Markets call for zealous investors and a dynamic workforce targeting work incentives, competition, redundancies, and money (Adkins, 1999, p. 119). on the other hand, community economies are focused on the welfare of all, job security, corporation, and common goal. MNCs prefer market economies that have more cons than community economies (Marglin, 2008). The desires of corporations are contrary to the ideal standards for truly sustainable development, which is primarily fueled by their activities. Most greedy MNCs do not benefit local communities are they ship away all the profits. Although the corporations invest in infrastructural development such as schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and electricity, the end profits are spent in other areas (Meadows et al.,1992).On most occasions, there is the little or negative net impact of MNC investments on the local communities. It implies that the resourcefulness of the given area does not benefit the host community, contrary to sustainable development. Conclusion in conclusion, the global corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of many Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are failing to make sufficient contributions toward Sustainable Development (SD). As discussed, the corporate structure, goals, activities, and practices focus more on their finances than social and environmental sustainability. Even in cases where the corporate is determined to cancel out the environmental impacts of its activities, the commitment or investment can not match the damage already done. The greed for money makes most organizations design demographic communities which respond to the organization, killing the need and room for dialogue. Lastly, MNCs leave little or no profit for the local communities after importing skilled labor, promoting poverty. Reference List Adkins, L., 1999. Community and economy: A retraditionalization of gender?. Theory, culture & society , 16 (1), pp.119-139. Bobby Banerjee, S., 2008. Necrocapitalism. Organization Studies , 29 (12), pp.1541-1563. Browne, J. and Nuttall, R. (2013) ‘Beyond Corporate Social Responsibility: Integrated External Engagement.’ Browne, J. and Nuttall, R., 2013. Beyond corporate social responsibility: Integrated external engagement. McKinsey & Company , pp.1-11. Carbonero, F., Ernst, E. and Weber, E., 2020. Robots worldwide: The impact of automation on employment and trade. Carrel, A. (2016), Is your social license expiring, three imperatives for executives in Australia, Ernst and Young, Australia Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S. and Spence, L., 2019. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization . Oxford University Press, USA. Dicken, P., 2007. Global shift: Mapping the changing contours of the world economy . SAGE Publications Ltd. GRI (2013) G4 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, Global Reporting Initiative, Amsterdam GRI (2017) ‘GRI Standards.’ 6-11-17 Hahn, R., 2013. ISO 26000 and the standardization of strategic management processes for sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Business Strategy and the Environment , 22 (7), pp.442-455. ISO (2011), Social Responsibility, ISO 26000 tells it like it is, ISO Focus+,2(3) March 2011. ISO (2014), GRI G4 Guidelines and ISO26000: 2010 How to use the GRI4 Guidelines and ISO26000 in conjunction. ISO (2016) ‘Discovering ISO26000.’ 5-11-16. Web. Kanagaraj, J., Senthilvelan, T., Panda, R.C. and Kavitha, S., 2015. Eco-friendly waste management strategies for greener environment towards sustainable development in leather industry: a comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production , 89 , pp.1-17. Leung, K., Zhu, Y. and Ge, C., 2009. Compensation disparity between locals and expatriates: Moderating the effects of perceived injustice in foreign multinationals in China. Journal of World Business , 44 (1), pp.85-93. Marglin, S.A., 2008. The dismal science: How thinking like an economist undermines community . Harvard University Press. Mason, C. And Simmons, J. (2014), Embedding Corporate Social Responsibility in Corporate Governance: A Stakeholder Systems Approach, Journal of Business Ethics 119:77-86, Meadows. Meadows, D.H., Meadows, D.L., Randers, J. and Behrens, W.W., 1972. The Limits to Growth. New American Library. New York . Milne, M.J. and Gray, R., 2013. W (h) ither ecology? The triple bottom line, the global reporting initiative, and corporate sustainability reporting. Journal of business ethics , 118 (1), pp.13-29. Polman, P., 2014. Business, society, and the future of capitalism. McKinsey Quarterly Scherer, A.G. and Palazzo, G., 2011. The new political role of business in a globalized world: A review of a new perspective on CSR and its implications for the firm, governance, and democracy. Journal of management studies , 48 (4), pp.899-931. Schwartz, B. and Tilling, K., 2009. ‘ISO‐lating’corporate social responsibility in the organizational context: a dissenting interpretation of ISO 26000. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management , 16 (5), pp.289-299. Shehu, N. and Abba, N., 2019. The Role Of Automation And Robotics In Builtings For Sustainable Development. work , 6 (2). Summit, E. (1992) Agenda 21. The United Nations programme for action from Rio. United Nations (2015) ‘Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.’ 22-11-17 Unruh, G. (2014) ‘Leading the Sustainability Insurgency.’ 6-6-16. Vermeulen, B., Kesselhut, J., Pyka, A. and Saviotti, P.P., 2018. The impact of automation on employment: just the usual structural change?. Sustainability , 10 (5), p.16-61. WCED, U. (1987), Our common future. World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford University Press. Whiteman, G., Walker, B. and Perego, P., 2013. Planetary boundaries: Ecological foundations for corporate sustainability. Journal of management studies , 50 (2), pp.307-336.

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European Conquest and Extension to the Caribbean Essay The European powers had taken major parts of the world, including the Caribbean. In the 15 th century, the Europeans claimed the region following the establishment of Spanish settlements and conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires (Horne, 2018). Due to the conquest, it was easy for the Spanish to invade Mexico and Peru through exploration in strategic points of the Caribbean region. Following the Spanish invasion of the Caribbean in the 17th century, other European powers such as the British and French started settling in pivotal points such as the island of Tortuga and later moved to Jamaica (Horne, 2018). By mid-century, many non-Hispanic privateers had established permanent colonies and trading zones in Caribbean islands. The profitability in terms of wealth enabled rise of conquest to Caribbean region. First, it was easy to obtain gold, which was among the region’s key aspects of the scramble. The existence of Christopher Columbus in the region had shown the way for other leaders to set colonies (Horne, 2018). Second, there was the availability of a labor force drawn from the African continent as black people were used as slaves to work in the industrial openings in the area. Due to the decline of Spanish power in the region, majorly as a result of reduced native population of the area, the other European powers boosted their presence in areas that Columbus had covered. For example, Francis Drake, a privateer from England, attacked many Spanish settlements (Horne, 2018). The collaborative base between the French, British and Dutch made it possible for European powers to conquer the significant area of the Caribbean. After start of the competitive nature of colonies, sovereign battles emerged that led to stiff wars that made it hard for the Caribbean islands to unite against European rule (Horne, 2018). Because of the emergence of agricultural activities, the Atlantic slave trade saw many Africans work for the Europeans in the Caribbean, strengthening their colonialism in the area hence conquering the region significantly. Reference Horne, G. (2018). The apocalypse of settler colonialism: The roots of slavery, white supremacy, and capitalism in 17th century North America and the Caribbean . New York University Press.

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Euthanasia: The Terri Schiavo Case Analysis Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Bioethical Analysis 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction The Terri Schiavo case is one of the most high-profile US euthanasia cases. In 1990, Teresa’s heart stopped, and doctors recognized the case as hopeless: the girl’s vital functions were forever lost (Ullah & Adeeb, 2018). In 1998, her husband went to court – he demanded to let Terri die (Ullah & Adeeb, 2018). However, her parents were against it: they referred to the fact that Terri was a Catholic and euthanasia contradicted her faith. From that moment, a long series of court sessions began, during which two stakeholders fought: the woman’s parents and her husband. The bioethical issue in the Teresa Schiavo case is a question of euthanasia and the expediency of interrupting human life in some cases. Bioethical Analysis The long-term judicial resolution of the Terri Schiavo case was related to the bioethical problem of the humanity of euthanasia, which had many opponents and supporters. Theresa’s parents and even President George W. Bush regarded euthanasia as an immoral and unacceptable action due to the possibility of demoralization, mistakes, and abuse (Ullah & Adeeb, 2018). In addition to contradicting the Catholic faith, opponents of euthanasia raised the issue of artificially reducing the growing number of disabled people and changing the country’s demographic situation. At the same time, Teresa’s husband advocated for her euthanasia. He argued this with the conclusion of doctors who argued that significant physical and moral suffering could not be eliminated by known means, and the disease led to irreversible degradation of the individual. Conclusion The Congress of Doctors supported the decision to turn off the life support device since there was no chance of the patient’s withdrawal from the vegetative state. At the end of 2005, it was decided to use euthanasia since the hope for the existence of Terri as a person was lost (Ullah & Adeeb, 2018). Shortly after that, Josh Bush, who spoke out against euthanasia as governor of Texas, signed a law allowing hospitals to decide on their own whether to turn off a patient or not. Since the signing of the law, the final decision on the expediency of euthanasia in Texas has been made not by the court but by medical staff. Reference Ullah, I., & Adeeb, H. (2018). Ethics and basic medical research. Adv Basic Med Sci, 2 (1), 1-3.

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Evaluation Essay: Back to the Future Essay Introduction Back to the Future is a unique film of its time, which has become a cult film thanks to its gripping plot and attention to detail. Screenwriter Robert Zemeckis created a movie about travel, pitting opposing personalities against each other who later became perfect partners. Thesis: Robert Zemeckis created an award-winning film that changed views on cause and effect and interactions through plot structure, character development, and setting. Body Paragraphs * The plot structure of Back to the Future keeps the viewer interested in the film through logical cause-and-effect relationships. + Each moment in the film is connected to the last moment and the next, weaving them into a unified structure. + The scene begins with a ticking clock, then shifts to the theft of the plutonium and a focus on Marty, who is unaware of what was stolen under his bed. + Marty ignores the safety of the clock tower, but later it turns out that he was around when the tower stopped. * Character development in the story is built on the opposites of Marty and Doc, who elusively turn out to be people with similar histories. + Marty is relatively quick and restless, though Doc seems judicious and prone to over-analyzing the situation: together, their work is coherent and efficient. + Marty uses teenage slang while Doc uses proper speech: their different characters allow them to see the best in each other and develop as individuals. * The film’s setting is new and unusual for the time of its creation, so the viewer’s eye is drawn to the screenwriter’s love of detail and desire to fill the film with characters from different eras. + The differences in road construction quickly determine the time difference: in the ’50s, some were dirt roads. + The film revisits the clock tower, which was in operation in the ’50s and stopped in the ’80s. Conclusion Back to the Future reveals to the viewer a new reality in which everything is interconnected: logical connections, people, and places. Zemeckis has created a unique story that amazes audiences with its details, developments, and shifting eras.

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Evidence-Based Practice Training Among Nurses Essay The topic of the project in question addresses the implications evidence-based practice (EBP) training among nurses can have on the scope of patient satisfaction with health care services. Essentially, the project seeks to meet five major objectives that tackle both the nurses’ and patients’ well-being in the hospital setting: * The first objective of the project is to explore how nurses’ level of EBP knowledge and implementation affects the quality of services they provide to the patients. Since studies demonstrate that EBP implementation in the workplace contributes positively to the nurses’ sense of personal achievement, it is reasonable to assume that such an improvement will affect their motivation to perform work due diligence (Rodríguez-Nogueira et al., 2021). Hence, this project will help clinical specialists to explore the peculiarities of this connection. * The second objective of the project is to improve the overall level of EBP knowledge and implementation among nurses in general hospitals. Even if the intervention of the project does not present the expected results in terms of correlation between patient satisfaction and EBP training, the latter is still an asset for the clinical setting. Indeed, the EBP implementation remains one of the objectives for many general hospitals. * The third objective is to explore the connection between the EBP training programs and nurses’ job satisfaction. Job satisfaction and motivation are some of the pillars of meaningful and efficient nursing practice and community outreach. For this reason, this project seeks to identify the extent to which improving nurses’ level of expertise and self-awareness contributes to their mental well-being and dedication to the job. * The fourth objective of the project is to develop and practice a comprehensive and time-efficient EBP introductory training for the nurses in general hospitals. One of the many reasons behind the lack of EBP implementation in the workplace is the nurses’ inability to find enough time for research and analysis. Thus, by presenting a three-day training program that takes nearly six hours to complete, the project may present insight into the patterns of meaningful EBP training in a busy hospital setting. * The final objective of the project is to collect exhaustive feedback on the matter of patients’ satisfaction with the services provided by the nurses. Quality health care is one of the primary objectives of any clinical setting, so conducting a patient satisfaction survey is a beneficial way to gain insights into the existing strengths and weaknesses of the nursing staff. Thus, even if the hypothesis of the project is not justified, the facility will still obtain data on the areas for service improvement. All the aforementioned objectives for the project are focused on the integrity of services provided to the patients. The right to receive quality health care is one of the fundamental aspects of social justice, as it presupposes equal access to high-quality nursing care regardless of the individuals’ personal beliefs and qualities and the nurses’ subjective attitude. Although many nurses realize the importance of pursuing social justice, excessive workload and lack of personal accomplishment sometimes let them extrapolate their fatigue and job dissatisfaction to the attitude towards the patients (Sultana et al., 2020). Moreover, burnout and lack of expertise among nurses affect patient autonomy or the patients’ right to participate in the decision-making process and treatment. In order to ensure autonomy, nurses are to pay attention to the patients’ concerns and non-medical factors. Since lack of EBP expertise and the prevalence of burnout contribute to poor interaction with patients, this project will help reinstate patient autonomy in the workplace. Hence, the present project seeks to explore the options to minimize the level of personal concerns and their potential effect on the socially equal and respectful treatment of the patients. References Rodríguez-Nogueira, Ó., Leirós-Rodríguez, R., Pinto-Carral, A., Álvarez-Álvarez, M., Morera-Balaguer, J., & Moreno-Poyato, A. R. (2021). Examining the association between evidence-based practice and burnout among Spanish physical therapists: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11 (8), 805. Web. Sultana, A., Sharma, R., Hossain, M. M., Bhattacharya, S., & Purohit, N. (2020). Burnout among healthcare providers during COVID-19: Challenges and evidence-based interventions. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 5(4), 308-11. Web.

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Evidence-Based Research in Nursing Practice Essay The study showed that bibliometric analysis of evidence gathered from integrative reviews and analytical studies had substantial implications for nurse-related and evidence based policy changes. Primarily, this is possible through the use of integrative reviews in designing new programs (Benton et al., 2020). The collective database of the synthesized studies as suggested by the authors of the study, can be utilized by nurses to be empowered through evidence-based materials in the formulation of changes in universal health coverage. As such, the applicability of this information has a number of benefits for working nurses, as they will be able to employ concise and trusted resources when advocating or implementing changes to policy. I think that nursing practice can be vastly improved with the use of well-managed databases that employ evidence-based research. This is because such a database will be able to illustrate gaps in knowledge of overarching issues as well as daily medical practices in the sphere of nursing (Houser, 2016). Similarly, it allows for insight into nurse-specific fields such as nurse education, care for the lederly, emergency care, and more. Currently, accessibility to extensive and complete information that is formed through evidence-based research is limited due to a number of factors. In order to better provide such informative materials among working nurses it is essential to reduce bureaucratic processes and integrate technology into the process. Modern technology allows for low-cost and time-saving methods of information sharing, which will be largely beneficial for nursing. As mentioned prior, evidence-based research has the potential to reveal gaps in information in nurse-specific practices that would otherwise be unseen. I believe it is essential to make such knowledge accesibile and cohesive to promote better nursing care and work quality. References Benton, D. C., Watkins, M. J., Beasley, C. J., Ferguson, S. L., & Holloway, A. (2020). Evidence-based policy: nursing now and the importance of research synthesis. International Nursing Review, 67 (1), 52-60. Web. Houser, J. (2016). Nursing research: Reading, using and creating evidence (4th ed.). ‎ Jones & Bartlett Learning

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Examination of Stella Artois’ Marketing Campaign Essay Early positioning and image problems encountered by Stella Artois in the UK market can be used as prominent examples of contradiction between the sale price and advertisement campaign. Although the brand was intended to be an expensive premium product, combining the high percentage of alcohol and lowering the cost created an impression that this product was designed for mainstream use. Considering that other reputable brands tended to diminish alcohol content and increase the prices, in comparison to them, Stella Artois gained a low-quality reputation. In this regard, it can be concluded that it is essential to analyze the entry market and potential competitors, examining the customers’ expectations and evaluating whether product differences might prompt the emergence of unexpected impressions. The market development model is an excellent guide for industry growth, which allows for increasing the sales of beer. Considering the audience’s characteristics and the product’s attributes, following the suggested advice for the current maturity level might offer relevant insights into the elevation of category volume and brand sales. For instance, remaining aware of the customers’ preferred method of beer consumption can aid in understanding the market segment and providing the exact product that the target population expects to receive. In addition, it becomes possible to avoid failures connected to the presentation of irrelevant beer segments and product categories. Furthermore, as different social groups begin to consume beer, the brand can be adapted to fit their requirements, establishing new segments, promoting consumption changes, and compelling the market development to advance to the next level. From my perspective, the complication in the launch of the brand in Mexico can be connected to the availability of the Water.org campaign. As this proposition was only available in particular countries, which excluded Mexico, it is possible to suggest that the customers were not interested in receiving the marketed promotion. Furthermore, it is possible that the characteristics of the campaign contributed to the failure, as customers were expecting different positioning for a new product, which openly addressed a serious issue rather than promoting its qualities. Considering that tremendous amounts of water are used for brewing beer, marketing water access through beer consumption could have resonated with the consumers, creating a negative disposition towards the brand. Introducing Stella Artois into the South African market included several considerable advantages for the company. Given that the water access in Cape Town was recently restricted due to the water crisis, providing the customers with an opportunity to receive an extra water supply tremendously increased the possibility of success. Moreover, as the South African beer market was steadily growing, this was a perfect opportunity to enter it. However, a significant disadvantage of centering the South Africa launch on the Water.org sponsorship concerns the use of a highly prominent water complication as a marketing tool. Furthermore, South Africa remained at the first level of market maturity, meaning that introducing a premium brand contradicted the customers’ expectations. From my perspective, it would be essential to shift the focus on the additional access to water, attempting to mitigate the ethical conflict between water access and beer promotion. Furthermore, changing the usual approach could be highly beneficial for the South Africa campaign, as it would allow presenting the Stella Artois beer as suitable for bar consumption rather than a high-priced premium brand. In the future, as the audience becomes more familiar with the product, it would be possible to expand the span of the marketing campaign.

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Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in Economics Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Exogenous Neoclassical growth theories 3. Endogenous Theories: Emergent Quality 4. First endogenous growth models: AK 5. The theory of cumulative causation 6. Romer Theory and “The Economics of Ideas” 7. Government Regulation 8. Conclusions 9. References Introduction To start with two types of growth theories, one can distinguish two types of economic factors: exogenous and endogenous. They can be compared with exogenous and endogenous growth theories. While exogenous factors are external and describe the resources of the economic system, endogenous ones show the quality of the economic system’s agents. In general, exogenous factors are quantitative, such as the size of GDP per capita, and endogenous ones are qualitative: an example is the percent of people with higher education. Endogenous factors are essential when evaluating future perspectives of a system’s evolution. One can conclude that while exogenous factors show the system’s current state, endogenous ones allow seeing how the system will evolve in the future. Exogenous Neoclassical growth theories Neoclassical growth theories are examples of exogenous ones: they are focused on exogenous factors, such as production rates, demand and supply amounts, and the state’s GDP. Such theories explore the equilibrium between various flows of goods and propose that the state should regulate them by taxation and subsidization (Chirwa & Odhiambo, 2018). Neoclassical growth theories are good for maintaining the balance in the economic system and seeing its optimal wealth distribution. However, they see the economic system as a closed-loop system: in that way, they cannot take into consideration that the system will evolve and change in the future. Endogenous Theories: Emergent Quality Endogenous growth theories, unlike exogenous ones, concentrate on the internal qualities of the economic system. They consider the system’s members, agents, as those who are able to create additional values by innovations (Gabardo et al., 2017). Examples of those agents are entrepreneurs, scientists, educators. Entrepreneurs create additional values by introducing new technologies and services which solve people’s problems more efficiently. Scientists make inventions that enrich the total human knowledge and may be used by entrepreneurs in the future; educators facilitate the spread of that knowledge. Together, they facilitate changes in the economic system which lead to its evolution. First endogenous growth models: AK Unlike exogenous growth theories, endogenous ones consider technological progress as the important endogenous variable of the economic system. Thus, they explore the dynamics of the system’s development, driven by innovations. The first endogenous growth theory, developed in the 1960s by Frankel and Cass, is based on the concept of “learning by doing” (Gabardo et al., 2017). It means the accumulation of knowledge about the production process and the improvement of it due to capital accumulation. Those processes lead to the development of the production process. Thus, the product becomes better than it was before, only due to knowledge and capital accumulation. The theory of cumulative causation The theory of cumulative causation studies how the already accumulated goods cause disequilibrium in the economic system. It explains the inequality between rich and poor classes inside one country, as well as between developed and developing countries. Developed countries have more accumulated capital, in a form of free money, goods, services, and technologies. It attracts more new agents which are motivated to work and produce more goods and innovations there (Chirwa & Odhiambo, 2018). In that way, they become even richer; a similar situation is with rich classes, which become richer using their already accumulated resources (Jones, 2019). Poor classes, on the contrary, are unable to develop themselves, lacking a capital and necessary resources, and lose their agents who seek for better opportunities, becoming even poorer. Romer Theory and “The Economics of Ideas” The theories of Paul Romer present a further development of endogenous AK theory. They are called the theories of cumulative knowledge, as they explore the knowledge: an intangible resource produced by the economic system’s agents, as were mentioned before (Jones, 2019). Based on the knowledge, they produce innovations, which stimulate the economic growth and further increase knowledge. The situation when such agents are actively producing various innovations is called the “economics of ideas”. It is typical for developed capitalist countries, where there is a lot of startups, bringing innovations, new products, and services, developing the economy. Government Regulation Along with policy issuing, governments regulate states’ economies by taxation and subsidization. The state takes money from profits by taxation and uses it to fund various initiatives, aimed at making life in the state better (Chirwa & Odhiambo, 2018). Exogenous growth theories provide tools to facilitate the exchange of goods via taxation and subsidization. Those instruments allow redistribution of the wealth among the system’s agents, who are the state’s citizens, eradicating both extreme wealth and poverty. Endogenous growth theories, which are focused on innovations, show how governments can stimulate economics by motivating their citizens to create innovations and implement them. There can be policies, for example, which help inventors to work with their inventions and fund them. To conclude, both theories provide sets of tools that, by using together, help governments to regulate state economy and facilitate long-term growth. Conclusions As one can see, exogenous and endogenous growth theories are, in fact, different. They see the economic system from different perspectives: formers consider its external resources, while the latter is focused on internal. Taken that, those theories are the best when they are combined together. In that way, they allow seeing the economic system as a whole: exogenous theories show the current state of the system, and endogenous ones point to its future perspectives and evolution. References Chirwa, T. G., & Odhiambo, N. M. (2018). Exogenous and endogenous growth models: A critical review. Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe , 21 (4), 63–84. Web. Gabardo, F. A., Pereima, J. B., & Einloft, P. (2017). The incorporation of structural change into growth theory: A historical appraisal. EconomiA , 18 (3), 392–410. Web. Jones, C. I. (2019). Paul Romer: Ideas, nonrivalry, and endogenous growth. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 121 (3), 859–883. Web. Smętkowski, M. (2017). The role of exogenous and endogenous factors in the growth of regions in Central and Eastern Europe: The metropolitan/non-metropolitan divide in the pre- and post-crisis era. European Planning Studies , 26 (2), 256–278. Web.

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Experiment on the Bacteriophages Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Methods/Procedure 3. Results 4. Discussion/Conclusion 5. Reference List Introduction Experiment to determine the number of infective phage particles in a sample using viral titration. Methods/Procedure Figure 1. Conceptual scheme of virus suspension dilution. The peculiarities of bacteriophage reproduction are related to their intensive expansion during cultivation, so a procedure of sequential tenfold dilution was used (Figure 1): a total of nine test tubes with molten tryptone-soft agar. A 200 mL aliquot of E.coli was added to each of the tubes, and after thorough mixing in a water bath, the samples were transferred to prelabeled plates. Figure 2. Example of three of nine prepared plates with bacteriophage suspensions. Results Since the basis of the experiment was to measure the number of plaques on previously prepared plates, the only direct measurement was to count the number of such spots on the entire plate, and only the minimum final concentrations were used to ensure reliability. The second column of Table 1 below reflects the counted quantities, with the third column giving the relative plaque content per unit volume (mL). Dilution of bacteriophage Plague number PFU/ml 10 -6 22 2.2 x10 -5 10 -7 16 1.6 x10 -6 10 -8 11 1.1 x 10 -7 10 -9 14 1.4 x 10 -8 10 -10 3 3 x 10 -10 Table 1. Results of absolute and relative plaque counts. Discussion/Conclusion The purpose of the present study was to use a plaque quantification protocol to determine the active bacteriophage units in the samples. Bacteriophages are typical viruses whose mechanism of infection is directed purely at bacteria, which means that bacteria are directly targeted by bacteriophages (Hill, 2019). The release of cellular material by bacteriophages occurs through a complex procedure of lysis of the bacterial cell wall, injection of genetic material, and subsequent stages of transcription and translation of recombinant proteins (Principi et al., 2019). All this is not aimed at destroying the bacterial cell but at creating another farm for autonomous viral reproduction. There are a vast number of bacteria in the human body, many of which are symbionts. One of these is E. coli, a symbiotic bacterium of the intestinal system that helps process complex carbohydrates (E. coli, 2018). Obviously, E. coli can be susceptible to the deleterious effects of bacteriophages. There is a separate cluster of such viruses, Coliphages, whose action targets E. coli directly (Pacífico et al., 2019). As a consequence, disruption of the viability of symbiotic bacteria, as an example, affects the health of the individual and brings deterioration of the quality of life. A plaque counting procedure on bacteriophage growth plates is used for titrimetric microbiological analysis tasks. Plaques are to be understood as spot-like formations in which active growth of the pathogen is observed. For those cases where the concentrations of the agar medium are known, it becomes possible to determine the predicted content of the virus particles in the initial solution, which was demonstrated in this experiment. In fact, it should be clarified that the use of the PFU (or PFU/ml) measure is an analogous measure for colony forming units (CFU) for bacteria, which means that a parallel can be drawn between the two concepts (How to calculate CFU, 2019). PFU is thus used to quantify the viable bacteriophages that can reproduce in this agar. It is worth emphasizing, however, that PFU does not measure the absolute number of viral particles in the agar but rather only those that are viable and can form plaques. Reference List E. coli (2018) Web. Hill, C. (2019) Bacteriophages: Viruses that infect bacteria . Web. How to calculate CFU (colony forming unit) (2019) Web. Pacífico, C., Hilbert, M., Sofka, D., Dinhopl, N., Pap, I.J., Aspöck, C., Carriço, J.A. and Hilbert, F. (2019) ‘Natural occurrence of Escherichia coli-infecting bacteriophages in clinical samples,’ Frontiers in Microbiology , pp. 2484-2490. Principi, N., Silvestri, E. and Esposito, S. (2019) ‘Advantages and limitations of bacteriophages for the treatment of bacterial infections,’ Frontiers in Pharmacology , 10, pp. 513-518.

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Expressionism in Germany and Austria Essay The paper contains a raft of expressions by 19 th and early 20th-century artists whereby they conveyed what was in their hearts rather than the reality of their art. On that note, expressionism is conveyed through intense feelings through the works done by paintings or sculptures. That period was characterized by treasuring of emotionalism in artworks, such as the romanticism period, which was characterized by drawings that represented the intimate aspects of human beings (Arnason & Mansfield, 2012). The spread of secularism widely in the regions of Germany and Austria. Several artworks in the chapter help the reader understand the extent to which artists would convey emotions. For example, The Lion Hunt by Delacroix shows the violence and robustness in society as depicted in the art (Arnason & Mansfield, 2012). Additionally, Munch’s The Scream reveals expressionism as the artist conveys the theme of desperation and alienation in society. Also, fierce expressionism was popular due to the representation of women’s sexuality, such as Nude Girl by Lovis Corinth in 1886, as shown in Figure 1 (Arnason & Mansfield, 2012). Thus, through the chapter, a reader can gain knowledge and interpretation of expressionism in arts. Figure 1: Nude Girl by Lovis Corinth in 1886 There was a revolution in art in the early 20 th century, where young painters took a new turn in art. Painting groups creation of what was known as Die Brucke or ‘The Bridge’ association that was used to link all fermenting elements in art (Arnason & Mansfield, 2012). Some of the painters in the association, such as Ludwing Kirchner, articulated other essentials of expressionism, such as empathy and the change of the new world. As shown in Figure 2 below, Kirchner drew Girl Franzi, who later became a model in the Brucke group. Figure 2: Seated Girl by Ludwing Kirchner in 1910 In Germany and Austria, artists then began to make sculptures that showed the industrial revolution in the world and the spiritual culture that was practiced by communities. For example, Vasily Kandinsky drew Composition VII, which portrayed the boats in seemingly stormy waters, thus, representing biblical flood as shown in Figure 3 below (Arnason & Mansfield, 2012). The style started spreading widely, giving religion a chance to be embodied in art. Other artists, such as Gabriele Munter, started doing paintings that gave an element of modern relationships in the world. Also, as Figure 4 shows, August Macke drew the Great Zoological Garden, which displays the transformation from the ancient world to modern society (Arnason & Mansfield, 2012). The art reveals the world’s interconnection through the environment and the social segmentation that is visible in many parts of the world. Figure 3: Composition II by Vasily Kandinsky in 1913 Figure 4: Great Zoological Garden by August Macke in 1912 Sculptures translated various elements into the world, mostly during the romanticism period. For example, the Kneeling Woman by Wilhelm Lehmbruck in 1911 expresses women’s melancholy and loss when they face struggles in relationships with men (Arnason & Mansfield, 2012). The sculpture revealed the trauma and sadness that Lehmbruck had gone through during World War I, which eventually led him to commit suicide. Self-examination was also a broad theme in Austria, as shown in Portrait of Paris von Guterslah, drawn by Egon Schiele in the 1890s (Arnason & Mansfield, 2012). The art shows a disgruntled man who appears to be harmful, an expression of inhumanity that the society had, more so to people who had no power or knowledge over issues. From chapter 6, the reader understands artwork was characterized by transitional values in both Germany and Austria. Reference Arnason, H., & Mansfield, E. (2012). History of modern art, 7 th edition. Laurence Kibng Publishing.

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Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram Analysis Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Facebook 2. Twitter 3. Snapchat 4. Instagram 5. References Facebook Facebook is rightfully considered one of the most popular active social networks to date. According to statistics, approximately one-third of the world uses the Facebook platform (SRD, 2022). It would be correct to say that Facebook does not have a single, universal goal; instead, the digital platform offers users a range of opportunities for virtual leisure. The social network allows users to communicate with other users, view news feeds and leave comments, express their opinions through emoji reactions, watch videos and follow third-party links to primary sources as one of the historically first features, communication with other users is realized through a system of embedded chats, which are accessible from all electronic devices, whether computer, smartphone, or tablet. However, working from mobile devices requires installing a separate application, Messenger, which solves the functions directly only of communication. In other words, it gives many possibilities depending on the user’s interests, needs, and mood. I use the Facebook platform almost every day because it makes tremendous digital sense. Facebook makes it easy to interact with the virtual field and allows us to connect with people and keep up with news from around the world, which is the main reason. However, Facebook is linked to privacy scandals; the platform uses personal user data and possibly overhears it for personal marketing purposes (BBC, 2018). This is a critical issue that the company must publicly address to increase user trust. Twitter Twitter is another extremely popular social network widely associated with political statements. Twitter helps connect people from around the planet, read and comment on news, use an advanced tagging system, and follow external links. Twitter is actively used by 290.5 million users every month, which is growing (SRD, 2022). One of the most frequently used features of this platform is speaking publicly, which politicians and media personalities use. The embedded communication system is based on comments to specific tweets (posts) and retweets, through which each user can express his or her opinion and support the discussion. I do not use this platform very often because it is less convenient than Facebook. However, I often hear about Twitter in the news and other social networks, as many politicians speak out there. Also, the logic of this social network does not seem very convenient to me because the tagging system can be confusing. Among Twitter’s fundamental problems are the small number of posted text tweets (only 280 characters) and many toxic users (Fernyhough, 2021). In addition, Twitter is often accused of political propaganda and bots to promote tags in the rankings. Snapchat Another type of social network is Snapchat, which is mainly used to apply filters and effects to the face. The platform has up to 300 million daily users (SRD, 2022). Snapchat is more of a synthesis of entertainment features and face-to-face chats with friends, but it does little to address the need to learn new things, read the news or find helpful information. Nonetheless, Snapchat is very much about bringing people together, as the format of instant photos and videos to share allows you to stay online almost around the clock and respond quickly to messages. Snapchat has a built-in chat system in which each user can exchange text or audio-visual messages whenever he or she wants. However, Snapchat is not available (or at least not convenient) to use in a desktop version, which contradicts the idea of the app’s mobility. I use Snapchat every time I want to have fun with filters because many of them are fun and make me laugh. In contrast, other effects make photos and videos more appealing, increasing my interest in Snapchat. However, I rarely use this platform to communicate with friends. Some of the main problems with this network include the possibility of sexual, psychological abuse by inadequate users and cyberbullying (SS, 2019). In addition, this platform forces teens to use facial plastic filters, which can catalyze issues of not accepting one’s body. Instagram Instagram is one of the most popular social networks at the moment. Specifically, approximately 1/8th of the world’s population is registered on Instagram (Iqbal, 2022). This social network allows you to post audiovisual content in a feed or short Stories format, which is one of the main functions of this platform. Since 2012, when Meta (Facebook) bought Instagram, the social network’s functionality has grown significantly (Shead, 2019). This includes using filters and effects, recommendation feeds, chats, and video calls. The logic of communication within the platform is based on the latter because users can correspond in personal chats or groups and call each other or communicate in live broadcasts. The platform is straightforward to use on the phone, but it can also be used (in a limited way). Like 1/8 of the world, I actively use Instagram because I see it as a grand synthesis of features, entertaining and informative content, and communication with friends and acquaintances. Instagram also helps me grow my business, although I do not use it for that purpose yet. However, Instagram, as a Meta product, has data privacy issues. In addition, users are virtually immune to cyberbullying (PZ, n.d.). Finally, like Snapchat, Instagram can create a culture of not accepting one’s appearance, which creates psychological trauma in teenagers. References BBC. (2018). Facebook’s data-sharing deals exposed . BBC. Web. Fernyhough, E. (2021). 3 major problems with Twitter . Medium. Web. Iqbal, M. Instagram revenue and usage statistics (2022) . Business of Apps. Web. PZ. (n.d.). Instagram – what are the issues? Parent Zone. Web. Shead, S. (2019). Facebook owns the four most downloaded apps of the decade . BBC News. Web. SRD. (2022) Countries with the most Facebook users 2021 . Statista. Web. SRD. (2022). Twitter: Number of worldwide users 2019-2024 . Statista. Web. SRD. (2022). Daily active users of Snapchat 2014-2021 . Statista. Web. SS. (2019). Negative effects of Snapchat for teens . Smart Social. Web. Figure 1: Screenshot from Facebook Figure 2: Screenshot from Twitter Figure 3: Screenshot from Snapchat Figure 4: Screenshot from Instagram

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Facility Guidelines Institute Requirements for Sterile Processing Facilities Research Paper Sterile products for patient care are dependent on the effectiveness of sterilization and the unit design. Central processing aims to process medical and surgical equipment in an organized manner. They are also designed to safeguard patients from infection while reducing hazards to employees and keeping the value of the objects being recycled. Sterile processing facilities differ in size and complexity from huge, very sophisticated production settings that reprocess dozens of instrument combinations and devices to small, specialized facilities that reprocess a restricted quantity and variety of instruments (Swanson 245). In certain instances, sterile processing may occur wholly from where the equipment is used; alternatively, tiny remote clean production plants may be integrated within or next to a surgical suite’s semi-restricted zone. Irrespective of the location or kind of reprocessing treatments performed in these areas, the fundamental operational principles and workflow remains the same. If someone is contemplating the construction of their ideal kitchen, design is sure to play a significant influence. Perhaps this means positioning the dishwasher adjacent to the sink for faster loading and placing the pull-out trash in an area preparing food or installing practical drawers to store goods that might otherwise accumulate on the counter. The argument is that design is critical. It is crucial that the Sterile Processing Department (SPD), where surgical instruments are processed and reprocessed every day, adhere to company standards set by organizations. These organizations include the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI), the National Association of periOperative Nursing (APON), and the American Society for Quality (ASQ) (Neue). One needs an SPD department, whether you’re treating patients at an academic medical center or an outpatient surgery center. The placement of an SPD department is crucial in building a workflow that enables an SPD department to turn over, handle, and supply instruments efficiently. Fig. 1. Nadeau Kara, “Experience is power”; Salary Survey confirms education, certification key to SPD recognition and career success. Before designing an SPD environment, it is a good idea to familiarize yourself with industry standards issued by associations like AAMI and AORN. They may assist with anything from the room’s layout to the amount of light and water required in the space. An SPD should have a distinct separation of dirty, clean, and sterilized tools with physical barriers, irrespective of the magnitude of your SPD (See fig. 1). Having a process that is as predictable as feasible might be beneficial. The design of a sterile processing space is built on a dirty-to-clean workflow. Moving things from a contaminated to a decontaminated condition necessitates a one-way traffic arrangement for instruments and equipment. While the objects go through the process, this one-way movement is critical to preventing cross-contamination. To facilitate workflow, air circulation systems are intended to limit pollutants. In dirty work areas, it is done by providing negative airflow compared to clean spaces while also protecting clean work areas by providing positive airflow. There are several processes involved in cleaning specialized devices, making these operations very error-prone even if they seem straightforward on the surface. Complete separation from dirty and clean sections, proper ventilation, and the space, counters, sinks, or other equipment required to support the optimal workflow are all critical in a sterile processing room. As a result of the FGI Health Guidelines Revision Committee’s (HGRC) goal to “support supportive places for patients and employees wherever services are provided” (Damien, 229). Reprocessing practices are critical to preventing health give a damn infection, and thus patient safety is supported by the revised requirements. Instruments and gadgets that may be reused must be disinfected or sterilized before being reprocessed as high-level disinfected or sterilized. The Spaulding categorization method classifies items as semicritical or critical based on whether or not they require high-level disinfection or sterilization. A “sterile” product has been sterilized to remove all microbiological life (Ninomura). Sterilized things are only regarded as sterile when all defined conditions for confirmation of the sterilization procedure have been satisfied. Sanitary items are handled and kept in a way that does not undermine their sterility. The “event-related sterility maintenance” criterion determines whether the sterility of stored sterile items has been maintained. Cleaning removes bioburden (live germs left on a device’s surface after usage). Residual bioburden can spread germs or infections to the next patient who uses the device. Unclean instruments cannot be sterilized or efficiently high-level disinfected; hence the efficiency of any sterilization or elevated disinfection method depends on consistent protocols for removing or considerably lowering bioburden before processing. After cleaning, disinfecting instruments (William), cleaning via chemical (disinfectant) or thermal (washer-decontaminator) implies disinfecting devices to make them safe for employees to touch while processing continues. Inspected and packed for sterilization after decontamination, high-level disinfected items are reprocessed without filling and must be dried before storing (see fig.2). Fig.2. William Anthony; “Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, 2008.” To comprehend the changes in sterile processing facility requirements in the 2018 FGI Guidelines (Stanton), it is necessary first to understand the history of sterile processing in the surgical suite. In 2010 and previous editions, the Guidelines mandated one “sub sterile” chamber with a sink and a thermal sterilizer in between each two operating rooms. Unwrapped tools were exposed to a reduced sterilization cycle so that they may be reused right away according to a technique known as flash sterilization. The instruments were brought into the operation room wet in an open pan after being hand-washed and flash-sterilized. One or two unique instruments or an instrument that was accidentally infected during a process were the targets of this activity. Overuse of sterilization as a convenience or an alternative to acquiring different instrument sets emerged when sterilization procedures evolved. There were also severe worries about the growing size and complexity of flash sterilized instrument sets, and the capacity to maintain the sterility of instruments carried wet in an open pan. Traditional flash sterilization was eventually deemed unacceptable due to these concerns. With a strategy that combines social media, advertising, and traditional media outreach it is possible to make your website easier to find. The committee said that the phrase flash sterilization was obsolete and replaced with Immediate Use Steam Sterilization (IUSS). Substerile rooms were no longer necessary in the 2010 FGI Guidelines, but the design criteria were preserved for use when a project’s functional program required them. Unwrapped products intended for use in the surgery room were traditionally referred to be “flash sterilized” in medical jargon (Salabasheva). When using flash or emergent sterilization, a sterilization cycle would typically last between three and ten minutes with no or little dry time or cooling phase, making the sterilization cycle quicker than that required to produce wrap or terminally sterilized products. Open baskets were used in steam sterilizer chambers for flash sterilization, which put the target object into the sterilizer while it was still wet. The sterilized items were exposed to the outside world when the room door was opened, and they may be contaminated by poor treatment. When the sterile object was being transported, the open basket didn’t shield it from ambient pollutants (Berg 229). In order to do this, it was common practice to place numerous steam sterilizers around the surgical suite, usually one between every two operating rooms, to keep the sterilizer as near as possible to the operating room. As a way to address concerns about only one sterile processing center, the infection facilities on-site on the 2018 HGRC and other domain experts looked at this requirement again. They wanted to make sure that the design of sterile production plants encourages clinical staff to follow professional standards and guidelines for cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing surgical equipment (Paul,48). When it came to sterile processing facilities, they took the dirty-to-clean workflow into account. They found that two rooms were the minimal requirement: a decontamination chamber and a clean workroom. Specifically, according to the 2018 Guidelines, a two-room sterile processing center must comprise a chemical cleaning room and a spotless small office. These are kept separate by an interior wall with a door or roll window that can be closed and secured or a constructed laundry with a pass-through window or door. Fig. 3. Stanton Madeleine; “3-zone sterile processing” Harms the productivity and value of this modern workflow. There is wording in the 2018 Hospital and Clinic Guidelines outlining the minimal physical criteria for the disinfection room and the sterile workroom. As a result, a three-basin sink and counter, appropriate counter space are necessary for sophisticated equipment to be cleaned, rinsed, and sanitized safely and efficiently. Sterile storage must be provided, whether in the clean place of work or a dedicated storage area. At first, the notion of a single-room sanitary processing unit to service the surgery suite seemed to be the solution. However, time and experience have shown that this approach is not the optimum design for supporting sterile processing best practices, and it was modified as part of the 2018 Guidelines editing process. Decontamination aims to prevent the preparation and packaging personnel from obtaining infections caused by bacteria on medical devices during the decontamination procedure. Inanimate objects exposed to potentially hazardous microorganisms can be made safe for continuing use by applying physical or chemical methods of decontamination. According to FGI, specific steps are to be followed during decontamination. Sterile Processing Department’s Decontamination Area should be used to transport used equipment and supplies to avoid contamination of staff or the hospital (Rose). Closed containers, totes, or plastic bags should transport supplies and equipment, and equipment should be protected from the elements. Workers in the decontamination area must wear protective clothing, including a scrub jumpsuit wrapped by a humidity barrier, shoe coverings, latex or plastic gloves, and a hair covering (see fig 4). The face mask is recommended while doing manual cleaning activities when splashing is possible. Seavey, Rose. ” Sterile & Materials Processing Department.” Basics on Processing & Sterilization 4.2. 2016. The process of sorting starts at the place of usage. Handling contaminated materials should be avoided unless the device’s operator is already wearing complete personal protective equipment, such as while doing care inside the operating room. Sorting should solely consist of eliminating throwaway sharps and disposing of other single-use goods in places where employees are not wearing any or minimum protective clothing. It is only essential to soak lumens, or different intricate patterns clogged with dirt or are incredibly bloody and cannot be washed or cleaned at the point of application (Rose). The detergent used should be compatible with the device’s components and appropriate for the soil it will be washing. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions. Many cleaning tools are available, but the most frequent include washer/decontaminator, ultrasonic, cart washers, and tunnel washers. All instruments should be inspected after cleaning before being packed for reuse or storage. The cleanliness of box locks, serrations, and crevices must be thoroughly examined. After objects have been cleaned, dried, and examined, those that need sterilization should be wrapped or put in rigid containers and organized in instrument trays/baskets by the AAMI and other expert organizations’ criteria. These guidelines state that: Unless the equipment manufacturer or researchers offer detailed guidance or test data to the contrary, hinged equipment should be opened (Thomas). Items with detachable parts should be disassembled, and complex devices should be ready and sterilized by the device manufacturer’s instructions and test data. Devices with a concave outer surface should be placed to facilitate water drainage. Sterilization wraps and roll stock like paper-plastic mixtures of tubing enable the user to cut and close the ends to create a pouch. Self-sealing or high-temperature plastic or paper pouches are a few options for keeping surgical instruments sterile (woven and nonwoven) (Adrianzen). Healthcare establishments of all sizes may use various of these packing choices. An adequate barrier to microorganisms must be included in the packaging to ensure that the sterilization can reach the processed item and that the sterility is maintained even after sterilization. Staff should have access to and use written and visual protocols when performing packaging activities to prepare things to be packed. Sterilization objects should be positioned such that the sterilizing agent is immediately exposed to all surfaces. Steam (or similar sterilant) must circulate freely around each item during loading (Waluk). The maximum dimensions, weight, and density for muslin fabric packets were 12 inches wide x 12 inches high x 20 inches long, 12 pounds per cubic foot, and 7.2 pounds for each cubic foot. When it comes to textiles and metal/plastic packaging, the manufacturer and sterilizer manufacturer should be contacted for advice on pack pretreatment and density criteria because of the wide range of options available. According to research conducted by FGI, surgical trays covered in various materials retained their sterility for different amounts of time. A sterile pack’s storage period may be affected by its porosity and storage circumstances. Nine months after sterilization, heat-sealed, plastic peel-down pouches and packaged packets covered in 3-mil (3/1000 inch) plastic overwrap have been documented. After disinfection, the 3-mil plastic is utilized to increase the shelf life of seldom-used items (Paul). For at least 30 days, medical supplies wrapped in four layers of double-thick muslin or similar stay sanitary. If the disinfected package is damp, damaged, or punctured, it can not be used just after the expiry date has passed. It’s safe to assume that a heat-sealed impermeable plastic product is still free of contamination if the cover is still intact. Items wrapped in plastic do not need to be reprocessed if they are in good condition. In conclusion, since steam sterilization days, the essential stages in reprocessing surgical tools have remained unchanged. However, since the complexity and number of surgical instruments needing reprocessing have grown dramatically, modifications in how these and other equipment are maintained in the surgery suite and beyond have become necessary. This shift in sterile processing center needs demonstrates that the approach is practical. These operational changes have influenced the development of design specifications for sanitary processing facilities, regardless of their location. Works cited Adrianzen, Diego. “Implementing Lean Process Improvement in the Sterile Processing Department at the Academic Medical Center.” Worcester Polytechnic Institute Digital WPI (2020). Berg, Damien S. “When Technology Meets Standards… The Challenge of the Modern Sterile Processing Department.” Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 42.3 (2021): 229. Ninomura, Paul, Chris Rousseau, and Judene Bartley. “Updated guidelines for design and construction of hospital and health care facilities.” ASHRAE Journal 48.6 (2021): H33. Nadeau Kara “Experience is power”; Salary Survey confirms education, certification key to SPD recognition and career success 2022, Web. Rutala, William Anthony, and David Jay Weber. “Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2019.” (2019). Web. Swanson, Scott C. “Shifting the Sterile Processing Department Paradigm: A Mandate for Change.” AORN Journal, vol. 88, no. 2, 2020, pp. 241-247. Web. Stanton Madeleine. “3-zone sterile processing” Harness the productivity and value in this modern workflow. 2019, Web. Salabasheva, Maya, Travis English, and Erica Stewart. “Environmental parameters for decontamination rooms in sterile processing departments in our hospitals.” ASHRAE Transactions 123.1 (2020). Seavey, Rose. ” Sterile & Materials Processing Department.” Basics on Processing & Sterilization 4.2 2018. Web. Waluk, Thomas, et al. “Supply Chain Reduction for WellStar Kennestone Sterile Processing Department.” (2020). Web.

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Family Nurse Practitioner and Infection Control Nurse Career Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. FNP Characteristics and Requirements 3. ICN Characteristics and Career Requirements 4. My Future Plans According to the Information I Got 5. Reference Introduction I would like to specialize as a family nurse practitioner (FNP) and an infection control nurse (ICN). Although FNPs have always been in demand, there has been a recent shortage of family practitioners, which has led to an increase in the number of FNPs taking up more posts in primary health care, especially in underserved communities. The main role of the ICN is to identify, create and apply best practices in sanitation and infection control. In connection with the current situation in the world, in my opinion, both professions are especially relevant. FNP Characteristics and Requirements As with any medical field, I understand that it takes time to become a Family Nurse Practioner. It is highly recommended to obtain a BSN from an accredited university program. I will also need to obtain a license and work as a registered nurse to become familiar with a wide range of nursing techniques before applying for the chosen master’s program. In addition to my cutting-edge knowledge of patient care and preventive care, FNP practice is highly dependent on the ability to adapt to a wide range of patient needs. I will also learn to communicate effectively and educate my patients and their families and have a strong teamwork ethic. According to Johnson & Johnson’s recommendations, a Master’s in Science of Nursing program is needed for family nursing work to provide me with a deeper understanding of the theoretical application of family nursing. I will develop a dynamic knowledge of illness management, research best practices, and leadership skills within the mentioned programs. Depending on the program’s intensity, I can complete my MSN in two to three years. So, I should get a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), and then pass the NCLEX-RN and work as a Registered Nurse. I must have at least one year of real-life experience as a Registered Nurse to become a Family Nurse Practitioner before I apply for my MSN. Then I should get my Master of Science in Nursing (MSN). Then I should get my Family Nurse Practitioner Board Certification from the American Association of Nurse Practitioners or the American Nurses Credentialing Center. My board certification relies on my passing this examination which assesses my entry-level skills and clinical competencies. Then I will be ready to work as an FNP. ICN Characteristics and Career Requirements The Infection Control Nurse, also known as the Infection Prevention Nurse, helps prevent and detect the spread of infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses in the healthcare environment. ICNs are meticulous and attentive to detail and can effectively pass on best practices to their peers to ensure the patient’s safety at the facility. Understanding the risks associated with different infectious agents is critical in dealing with both localized infections and broader outbreaks. These nurses are born innovators and problem solvers and are always at the forefront of modern healthcare solutions. An Associate’s Degree in Nursing (ADN) is the standard minimum requirement for ICNs, but I may prefer to hold a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing (BSN). As it is with most nursing specialties, before entering a specialized field, I must first work as a registered nurse at least for one year to create a solid base of hands-on and up-to-date experience. After that, once I have the necessary education and training, a certification exam, courtesy of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) must be passed. When I complete it, I will be ready to begin my journey as a registered Infection Control Nurse. If I choose to earn my ADN or BSN, my whole academic path to get specialized as an Infection Control Nurse can take up to four years. If I decide to pursue my education further by earning my Master’s in Public Health (MPH), this will add from two to five years, based on the program’s intensity. I should pass the NCLEX-RN and then work as a Registered Nurse. So, to become an ICN, I must have at least one year of experience as a Registered Nurse. That is before I apply for an MPH program; if that is the path I choose to take. I should be attentive and engaged and use the knowledge I gain to inform future decisions. Then I should pass my Infection Control Certification Exam from the Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology. Passing this exam shows future employers that I have mastered core competencies and know the best practices surrounding Infection control and preventive care. The medical field in general is a sphere with rapidly changing information, so it is essential to make it clear that I am informed on all aspects of modern care methods. Then I will be ready to work as an ICN. I studied the list of organizations that can issue me a certificate: 1. Medical Surgical Nursing Certification Board (MSNCB). 2. Certified Medical-Surgical Registered Nurse (CMSRN®). 3. Certified in Care Coordination and Transition Management (CCCTM®). 4. Orthopedic Nurse Certification (ONC®). 5. Radiologic Nursing Certification Board (RNCB). 6. Certified Radiology Nurse (CRN®). 7. Rehabilitation Nursing Certification Board (RNCB). 8. Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN®). My Future Plans According to the Information I Got Having studied the requirements and qualifications required for both specialties, I realize that my career path will not be easy. First of all, I need to get a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), and then pass the NCLEX-RN and work as a Registered Nurse. It is worth starting with a degree, as it will be required for further work anyway. Then I plan to work as a Registered Nurse as work experience is required for further education. The fields that I have chosen require constant advanced training, so the modern experience is essential for me. Only after gaining knowledge of general practice, I will be able to take the exam to obtain a certificate. To receive my certification, I will choose one of the most suitable organizations for me. If I want to pursue further education, I can take a Master’s in Public Health (MPH). This choice may take several more years, but I can make it only after receiving primary education. Choosing the profession of a nurse, I understand that my education should be as complete as possible. Regardless of which specialty I choose, I need to get a basic education first. However, in my opinion, it is worth all the effort because my main goal is to help people. When I become a Family Health Nurse or an Infection Control Nurse, my main goal will be to maintain professional ethics and maximize patient care. After receiving a basic education, I plan to articulate my professional goals more clearly and finally choose a career path for the next few years. Reference Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. (2021). Nursing Specialties . Web.

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Family Theories in Advanced Nursing Practice Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Identification and Description of Theories 3. Comparison of Strengths and Weaknesses 4. Application of Theory to Family Case Study 5. Integration of Theory into Clinical Practice 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction Modern-day nursing is developing in the direction of an integrated, evidence-based practice that approaches healthcare from the perspective of multifaceted systems and not from the point of view of only one individual. For that reason, the emergence and implementation of family theories and models in nursing are highly effective. The abundance of family theories implies differences in the benefits they provide, which necessitates the comparison of some of the most popular ones. The comparison and analysis allow for identifying strengths, weaknesses, application opportunities, and case fit. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two family theories that may be adopted for use in clinical practice by the advanced practice nurse. In this paper, Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models (CFAM/CFIM), as well as the Family Health System Model (FHS), will be discussed. Within this paper, the strengths and weaknesses of each model, as well as the choice rationale, will be presented and validated. Additionally, a case study will be developed to apply one of the theories to determine what concepts are applicable and what do not fit the case particularities. Finally, the paper will address the challenges of integrating the theory into clinical practice and the likelihood of adopting one into clinical practice. Identification and Description of Theories Overall, the emergence of family theories was consistent with the requirement of nursing to address the needs of families as social units by which individuals’ physical and mental well-being is affected. Two models that will be at the center of this paper’s discussion include CFAM/CFIM, and FHS are well-developed, comprehensive, integrative, and highly applicable to different contexts. The choice of these two theories was validated by the scope of their application for a variety of family health cases, their extensive presence in the academic literature, and the relevance of these models’ concepts to clinical practice at multiple levels. While the Calgary models are often addressed and used separately (different concepts for assessment and intervention), they ultimately constitute a unified framework, which is why both CFAM and CFIM are integrated into one theory. The first theory to be described is CFAM/CFIM, which has been introduced to the clinical field in recent decades. Indeed, CFAM/CFIM was created in 1984 by Lorraine Wright, RN, Ph.D., and Maureen Leahey, RN Ph.D. and are considered one of the four leading assessment models in the world (Leahey & Wright, 2016). The multifaceted set of concepts integrated into the models allows for a competent, structured, and well-informed assessment and intervention implementation procedure to be executed with an opportunity of adjusting practices according to case specifications. According to Zimansky et al. (2020), “the CFAM enables nurses to comprehensively assess current family strengths, resources, problems, and illness suffering through targeted questions that assess family structure, development, and function” (p. 346). The CFAM consists of three major areas, which include: structural, developmental, and functional. At the structural level, family is addressed from the perspective of its formation and the networks between the members. Structural evaluation implies establishing how many family members there are, what their occupations are, and how they perform within a bigger context. Therefore, the structural category in the model is approached within such subcategories as internal and external structure and context (Leahey & Wright, 2016). At the developmental level, the model allows for evaluating the lifecycle of the family and the level of its development as a whole, and if each member is separately (Souza et al., 2017). Finally, at the level of functional evaluation, the model provides the basis for obtaining and compiling the information about family functioning and the interaction between family members (Leahey & Wright, 2016). The genogram and ecomap are commonly utilized when assessing families according to the three areas within CFAM (Zimansky et al., 2020). Thus, CFAM is an essential family theory that constitutes the basis of family nursing interventions since it helps to collect and arrange the most pivotal information and group the findings logically. The second component of CFAM/CFIM also has a multifaceted and integrative nature and is commonly used after CFAM. Indeed, CFIM “provides an organizing framework for the nurse-family relationship and for a therapeutic conversation offered by nurses using specific family nursing interventions (e.g., interventive questions, commendations) that target the systems level that offers the greatest opportunities for family health and healing (Zimansky et al., 2020, p. 346). Essentially, this model includes the guidelines and system of different types of questions within three domains of family functioning that might be used for interviewing the family members at the stage of intervention suggestion and validation. In particular, the three domains of family functioning are cognitive, affective, and behavioral (Wright & Leahey, 1994). Using these dimensions in a combination or separately, a nurse might identify and address a problem in the family for its further solving with the help of appropriate interventions. Indeed, according to Wright and Leahey (1994), “interventions can be targeted to promote, improve, or sustain functioning in one or all three domains of family functioning, but a change in one domain will have an impact on another domain” (p. 382). Thus, the model assists in categorizing family issues according to functional domains. In order to guide nurses through the process of interviewing and facilitate the retrieval of accurate and important information, the model provides several types of questions to be asked. Linear and circular questions help to either detect the perspective of one family member on a problem or retrieve different family members’ opinions about others’ concerns (Wright & Leahey, 1994). As for the specific types of questions, the choice of a question will yield a particular response, which is why it is essential to approach question type choice with regard to the context and family particularities. The types include difference questions, behavioral effect questions, hypothetical/future-oriented questions, and triadic questions (Wright & Leahey, 1994). Apart from the questions, the model involves such interventions helping address the cognitive domain of family functioning as commending family and individual strengths, offering information, and externalizing the problem. To address the affective domain of family functioning, such interventions as validating/normalizing emotional responses, storying the illness experience, and drawing forth family support are introduced (Wright & Leahey, 1994). Finally, the interventions to change the behavioral domain include encouraging respite and devising rituals. FHS, on the other hand, is a comprehensive and concise integrated framework that incorporates all necessary concepts and categories for effective work with families. According to Anderson (2000), the creator of the model, “the FHS offers an integrated way to examine family dynamics, family strengths, and family concerns in health and illness across the lifespan” (p. 104). Overall, this framework is designed to strengthen, maintain, or restore family functioning capacity to enhance healing opportunities. The model identifies five realms of family life within which family assessment is conducted. The realms are interactive processes, developmental processes, coping processes, integrative processes, and health processes (Anderson, 2000). Therefore, when assessing a family, strengths, and concerns within each of these realms are considered. The FHS assessment procedure “focuses on the dynamics of family interaction, including patterns of communication, conflict resolution, roles, instrumental and relationship functioning, nurturance, expressions of intimacy, and support” (Anderson, 2000, p. 108). After that, a family health plan is developed considering the anticipated outcomes and the interventions that might be helpful in achieving desired results. Comparison of Strengths and Weaknesses With the description of both theories at hand, the comparison of their strengths and weaknesses might be initiated. When concentrated on the strong features that are similar to both models, one might state that CFAM/CFIM and FHS are strong, evidence-based, and highly effective nursing practice frameworks. They both provide a detailed structure for conducting substantial work with patients and families. Moreover, they both are characterized by a vast scope of applicability, implying that different family health situations can be resolved using either of these models. On the other hand, FHS possesses one strength, the lack of which might be considered as a weakness of CFAM/CFIM, which is the concise integrative structure. Indeed, since FHS consists of easily recognizable and approachable domains that compile all important aspects in one structured theoretical tool. In this respect, the two-fold structure of CFAM/CFIM appears as a more complex and less approachable model in comparison to FHS. Alternatively, when discussing the weaknesses of FHS, this theory does not provide as detailed guidelines for interviewing with question types as CFAM/CFIM does, which implies a large degree of nurses’ professionalism and creativity in communication with patients. Such a feature might be considered as a limitation since it might yield vague outcomes if approached without diligence. Application of Theory to Family Case Study In order to validate the effectiveness of FHS as a comprehensive and integrative nursing practice framework for quality work with family systems, one might introduce a case study to which the model will be applied. The family, in this case, consists of two family members, a husband and wife, Mr. and Mrs. Jones, residing together in a rural area in their house. The husband has recently been diagnosed with prediabetes, and lifestyle changes have been advised for the elimination of the diabetes development risk. The couple is in their mid-50s; they have been married for 32 years; their only child has started her own family and lives separately. She seldom visits her parents and is not actively involved in their family affairs. As the results of the first session show, Mr. Jones resists any efforts in lifestyle adjustment, although he complains about being overweight, having shortness of breath, blurred vision, frequent urination, and continuous thirst. Mrs. Jones acts as a health coordinator in regard to her husband’s health condition; she pursues Mr. Jones to follow the prescribed dieting and physical exercise routine but fails to reach an agreement. During the first session, the couple’s strengths and areas of concern have been identified within the five realms, namely interactive, development, coping, integrity, and health (see Table 1). Five Realms Interactive Development Coping Integrity Health Family Strengths The family expresses concern and care about each other Each spouse performs their allocated functions. They have common plans for traveling and leisure. The family shows strong support for each other. The family values a high quality of life, honesty, family history, and relationships. Have access to health care; attend scheduled examinations. Areas of Concern Stress and communication ineffectiveness due to unresolved issues. Conflict and disagreement in solving problems related to one spouse. Husband’s prediabetes condition and reluctance to address is; overall family frustration due to uncertainty. Table 1. FHS Family Assessment During the second session, the following anticipated outcomes and interventions have been identified (see Table 2). Anticipated Outcomes Interventions with Family Arrange family meetings to interview the couple together to find similarities in their opinions about health. Improved communication effectiveness between family members Arrange an appointment with a physician to explain the threats and risks of prediabetes. Develop a family plan for implementing dieting and physical exercising. Initiate “interventive questioning to explore a number of disagreements different views of roles and caregiving responsibilities, develop strategies that address care equity feelings” (Anderson, 2000, p. 115). Eliminated conflict and stress between family members Introduce coping strategies for dealing with communication situations where disagreement prevails. Table 2. FHS Family Plan Thus, the majority of concepts within the framework apply to the case since FHS is a generalizable and detailed model. However, there were no areas of concern within integrity and development detected. Ultimately, the suggestions and interventions are compiled in a family plan for a scheduled and systematic execution of the procedures and check-ups. Integration of Theory into Clinical Practice As the application of FHS to the presented family case demonstrates, the framework allows for a structured and systematic identification of the problems, their causes, and solution methods. Such an effective model implementation allows for a more generalizable integration of the theory into clinical practice. However, there might be some challenges in the implementation of this model. In particular, since any nursing intervention involves close interaction with patients, rapport and trusting relationships are important, which might be difficult when approaching patients who are reluctant to cooperate. Additionally, nurses might face difficulties integrating FHS into clinical practice due to the necessity of allocating much time to identifying and resolving multiple communication issues. It might obstruct the quality and timeliness of some essential treatment procedures in cases of severe health impairment. Conclusion In summation, the analysis, comparison, and case application of family theories demonstrated that the implementation of a thoroughly developed nursing practice framework helps nurses to provide structured and balanced family care. CFAM/CFIM and FHS are both effective and integrative models which allow for a complete assessment of family problems and solution-finding. However, FHS is less complicated and more generalizable, which enhances its applicability to clinical practice. Thus, when using FHS in family nursing, professionals can benefit from a clear and concise framework that incorporates multiple domains of family functioning to identify family concerns, strengths, anticipated outcomes, and relevant interventions. References Anderson, K. H. (2000). The Family Health System approach to family systems nursing. Journal of Family Nursing, 6 (2), 103–119. doi:10.1177/107484070000600202 Leahey, M., & Wright, L. M. (2016). Application of the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models. Journal of Family Nursing, 22 (4), 450–459. doi:10.1177/1074840716667972 Souza, T. C. F., Costa, C. M. L., & Carvalho, J. N. (2017). Calgary Family Assessment Model applied in riverside context. Journal of Nursing UFPE/Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 11 (12), 4798-4804. Wright, L. M., & Leahey, M. (1994). Calgary Family Intervention Model: One way to think about change. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 20 (4), 381–395. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1994.tb00128.x Zimansky, M., Stasielowicz, L., Franke, I., Remmers, H., Friedel, H., & Atzpodien, J. (2020). Effects of implementing a brief family nursing intervention with hospitalized oncology patients and their families in Germany: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Family Nursing, 26 (4), 346-357.

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Farcargo Company’s Project Plan Inception Case Study Company’s Background Information Farcargo is a business-to-business online-based logistics service company. The company conducts national wide and international goods delivery for its clients. The company was established in 2006 as a local delivery company where it conducts deliveries in the Seattle locality. In the beginning, the employees would do home and office deliveries for our clients for goods such as groceries, food, and shopping items, among others. However, in 2009 the company changed from local deliveries to national wide and international deliveries. The business operations also change from business to customer to business to business. Most of the company’s services, such as booking, billing, payment, and monitoring, are conducted online. The company was founded by Adams Johnsons, the Chief Executive Officer, who was assisted by five other senior management staff as follows: 1. Chief Finance Officer – Janet Smith 2. Chief Marketing Officer- Peter Calgary 3. Chief Operations Manager- Susan Milles 4. Chief Human Resource Manager- Diana Jones 5. Chief Information Technology Officer- Steve Wilson Farcargo is an e-commerce business and thus does not require numerous brick-and-mortar stores to conduct its operations. The company has a main office in Seattle, its headquarters where it has centralized its processes. The company has well-established online and social media platforms where it connects with its existing and potential clients. E-commerce businesses use this platform to advertise its services and inform clients of their offers and discounts (Chung et al., 2018). Moreover, Farcargo has a website where its clients can log in using their registration details to monitor their goods in transit or previous business deals. Farcargo prides itself in excellent customer service. Farcargo Current Status As of December 2021, Farcargo had a total of 18 fully contracted employees and two part-time staff. The company is worth $258 million as its 31st December 2021 financial reports. The company realized a revenue of $27 million in the year. Farcargo has experienced a 5% growth rate in the past three years and expects to exceed this rate by 2% in the next two years. The company is planning to relocate to a new facility, a two-story standalone building. The Company’s Mission Farcargo aims to transform global business operations by delivering reliable, affordable, and timely cargo transport services. The company aims to be a leading online delivery cargo company that encourages regional and international trade hence economic growth and stability to our clients. Farcargo focuses on improving the courier industry to exceed global standards. The Company’s Vision The company’s vision is to be a reliable and flexible business partner to its clients. Farcargo is determined to be available and offer flexibility in terms of operations, delivery hours, payment methods, mode of transportation, types of goods in transit, and location, among others. It aims at establishing flexible services to suit our diverse clients’ needs. Company’s Business Type Farcargo is a business-to-business online cargo courier services provider. The company transports goods within the boundaries of a particular country or beyond its borders. Farcargo deals in road, air, and water transport. For each mode of transport, courier service companies use a variety of equipment in terms of size and shape to suit the kind of goods being transported (Gramatikova, 2020). For instance, for road transport, the company owns four types of trucks of different sizes which enables it to transport different amounts and types of goods. This business is online-based, meaning that its customers conduct their booking, monitoring, billing, payments, and signing-off using an online platform. Farcargo Customers Farcargo deals with different types of companies who wish to transport their products or any goods. It has one-time clients and regular or repeat customers. A significant number of the company’s clients are companies whereby that require us to take goods from one location to another. For example, manufacturing companies require it to transport raw materials from the provider to their firms and later hire courier services to transport their output to wholesalers or other clients (Gramatikova, 2020). It also has individual clients who would like to transport personal goods such as cars or other products. Farcargo Company also gets government contracts regularly where it is hired by a government to conduct a delivery. Demographic Information The company’s headquarters are located in Seattle but have other regional offices in 40 countries globally. Farcargo conducts its operations in all seven continents but has most of its clients in the U.S.A, Asia, and Europe. In the three regions, Farcargo transports goods within the borders and across to other countries. Company’s Information Systems Infrastructure The company’s information system infrastructure comprises four parts; the user interface, applications, business processes, and a database. This infrastructure is supported by hardware, system software, networking, storage, and data centers. User interface This is the first and outer view a user interacts with when working with a system (Gramatikova, 2020). The Farcargo interface is rich in color and graphics which guide the user to different functions. For example, the user interface has registration or login buttons, about us, Contact us, Our Services, and Enquiry buttons. The registration or log-in button assists users in easily key in their details for registration to the system or access to their account. The About us button leads a user to more information about the company, such as the company’s history, management, projects, and plans. Moreover, the contact us button allows the user to access the company’s contact information, such as telephone number, email address, and phone number. The user can also make inquiries from this interface which allows them to do so through the inquiry button. The user interface is blue and has images of our transportation equipment, our staff, and the company’s logo. Applications After accessing their account, users can then interact with different applications to perform different functions in the system. Some of the functions include booking, cargo monitoring, and retrieval of past business records. The application is also attached to a payment system that allows the client to pay for their services. The booking application is linked to an external calendar which assists clients in keying in the date of their cargo collection. The booking application allows the client to describe the type of cargo with words and pictures so that our team can choose the right equipment to use. Cargo monitoring is done through the application whereby a customer can access the GPS linked to the transportation equipment. They can also access the contact of the staff in charge of their transportation to inquire about the goods. Through the application, clients can access their past business records which are stored in the company’s database. Business Processes The system allows the company to perform several business processes with ease. Some of the business processes performed by the system include billing, scheduling, receipt retrieval, and signing off a deal. Once a client books for our services, the system assists the company in scheduling according to the different days and tasks keyed in. This helps to avoid task overlap and delay. The scheduling system also has a reminder that reminds both the user and staff of an upcoming project. The customer is required to key in the type and size of cargo and distance to be transported for billing. The system automatically generates a bill according to the information keyed in. If a customer is unsatisfied with the billing, they can reach out to our staff for more information. After the client pays for their services, a receipt is generated through the system to verify the payment and it is recorded in the database. The client then signs off on the project and has an opportunity to comment on the quality of service delivered. Database Critical information is stored in the company’s database. Such information includes customer information, business process information, financial data, billing and payments, staff remuneration information, and equipment data, among others. Information stored in a company’s database is very crucial and requires high-security standards to prevent malicious access and use (Izzah et al., 2021). For this reason, only authorized access is given to a few information system officers in most e-commerce businesses to monitor and maintain the database (Mahamad et al., 2018). The Farcargo database is protected by a security layer developed by the information system team. A High-level Information System Block Diagram References Chung, K. H., Ko, S. Y., & Ko, C. S. (2018). Collaborative and sustainable network design in courier services. In IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems (254-261). Springer, Cham. Web. Gramatikova, E. (2020). Innovations in the global courier services market. Economic Science, education and the real economy : Development and interactions in the digital age, (1), 431-440. Web. Izzah, N., Dilaila, F., & Yao, L. (2021). The growth of reliance towards courier services through e-business verified during COVID-19: Malaysia. Journal of Physics (18)1, 01204. IOP Publishing. Web. Mahamad, S., Sulaiman, S., & Leng, W. Y. (2018). An integrated courier services application: a new user experience. In 2018 IEEE Conference on e-Learning, e-Management, and e-Services (IC3e) 161-166. IEEE. Web.

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Farcargo’s Information System Infrastructure Essay Farcargo relies on its information system for a significant number of its operations. Thus, the structure of the company’s information system is a crucial element of consideration. Farcargo uses a dynamic infrastructure for its operations so that it is in a position to address the growing demand of its clients. The company prefers to use a dynamic infrastructure for its ability to be highly responsive to the end-users and to meet its needs to use cloud computing to enhance speed and agility. This infrastructure ensures it delivers essential services such as the provision of traffic information and tracking of its assets with ease (Beynon-Davies, 2019). Farcargo’s information system is comprised of hardware, software, networking, and storage components in its infrastructure. Farcargo ensures that it uses updated hardware components to avoid inconveniences such as malfunctioning devices or system freezes. The company uses hardware components which include computer machinery and equipment, in its offices and headquarters, where the employees monitor the progress of the operation. The computer machinery uses a power supply, memory, cabling, and circuit boards for proper functioning. Moreover, computers use peripheral devices such as mice, keyboards, speakers, printers, and cameras to enable the input and output of information in the system. These offices also have switches, routers, servers, and data centers which enhances their operations. In the company’s vehicles, the company uses cameras and microphones to ensure easy communication with the staff. Finally, our clients are required to use their personal computers, mobile phones, or tablets to access the company’s information system. The company’s software consists of the application and operating system. Farcargo uses the Linux operating system to manage its system resources. The info system also has a strong storage system backed up by cloud storage. Cloud storage enables companies to respond to changes in hardware, software, or other resources confidently (Beynon-Davies, 2019). The software also consists of web servers and systems to manage content. Farcargo’s information system should have a simple interface where clients with minimal information technology expertise can operate. The company also emphasizes on speed and agility of the system to serve its high number of clients. The information system is designed to be highly confidential and utilizes quality system security systems for its protection. Other design considerations include reliability, accessibility, and flexibility. Having based most of its operations on the online platform, Farcargo considers the highest quality information system infrastructure for effective operations. Reference Beynon-Davies, P. (2019). Business information systems. Red Globe Press. Web.

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Farcargo’s System Implementation Document Research Paper Summary This paper documents Farcargo’s information system implementation plan. It is divided into various segments, which include an overview of the information system, a description of the primary tasks undertaken during implementation, and a list of the resources required (such as personnel, hardware, software, and other materials and facilities). This document has been developed continuously since the system design phase. It was later updated in the development phase, and the ultimate copy was produced during the testing and integration phase. This document will act as a guide during the implementation of Farcargo’s information system. Purpose The primary purpose of this document is to provide an outline of events and steps that the project team will follow during Farcargo’s system implementation. It also provides major tasks and how each should be carried out to achieve the best. An implementation plan sets the dates for the accomplishment of various tasks and acts as a communication and training plan. System Overview Being an online-based organization, Farcargo requires a system that acts as its virtual office. Farcargo is a virtually based logistics company that has spread its operations globally. The company’s system should have a virtual assistant who acts as the receptionist, a billing department, a data keeping and retrieval section, operations and monitoring, and senior management. Farcargo aims at having an information system that allows users to interact with them as in a real physical office. System Description The Farcargo information system can be divided into three main parts, the user interface, application, and database. At the user interface, the system should allow the client to register an account with the company where they can access their data. The system saves the clients’ data into a database where they can only be accessed by authorized personnel. The client is then able to access the organization’s services and make inquiries on various products offered. When satisfied, the client can book logistic service and the system automatically generates their bill. The client is required to make a payment through the platform using a special code generated during billing. The system then issues the client with a receipt and their booking is automatically scheduled on the system. The staff in charge of the delivery and the client can view the scheduled date and is sent a reminder by the system two days before the actual date. After our staff has received the goods to be delivered, the employee should change the status of the schedule on the system to ‘in transit. The system detects this change and sends an alert message to the client. The client and the management can monitor the goods in transit by use of GPS technology and cameras inserted in the company’s transport equipment. The employee carrying the goods can communicate with the management and client in case there is a need to do so. Upon the arrival of goods to their destination, the employee updates the status of the contract to “delivered” and uploads a few pictures as evidence. The client should confirm the delivery and then change the status to “completed”. The company requests clients to make comments about the services offered to ensure they are offered the best. System Organization The Farcargo system structure is made up of hardware, software, and databases. Every user needs the hardware components to access the system. They include computers, mobile phones or tablets, and peripheral devices. Company’s Information Systems Infrastructure. A High-level Information System Block Diagram. Farcargo’s Business logic diagram. Farcargo’s Physical Layout Diagram. Key Network Infrastructure Elements. Description of Implementation The Farcargo information system shall require the development of a website, a desktop application, and an android application. The three systems shall integrate into one system to efficiently support all the users’ needs. The website will form a base for all interactions whereby the users will perform their interactions. The desktop and mobile applications will enhance faster and easier access to the system. These applications will allow the users to access their company accounts from a wide range of devices. The system shall be deployed in the new office facility that Farcargo is planning on relocating to in a few weeks. The system’s server shall be operated by Farcargo’s information management staff from the facility. The monitoring and control of various operational activities shall be conducted from the central server to be installed in the Seattle office. The desktop and mobile applications shall be developed and provided to various users for download through secure and verified vendors such as the Apple store and Google Play store. The Farcargo information system shall be implemented using the agile approach whereby the process shall be broken into smaller manageable tasks. Each small task shall be assigned to a specific team that shall develop it independently. This model allows for innovation and flexibility from the development team (Gramatikova, 2020). It shall also provide room for corrections and improvements with on the tasks. After completion of each sub-task, the team shall bring it together to form one major system. Points of Contract The Farcargo information system development contract shall be awarded to Eagle sight Information System Developers (ESISD). This company shall be responsible for handling the development, implementation and installation, and maintenance of the system. The following is the list of the management staff in charge of various tasks; * Project Manager- George Peterson. * Other Managers: + Program Manager- Agnes Haynes. + Security Manager- Whitney Young. + Database Administrator- James Hastings. + Configuration manager- Victor Grad. + Website development manager- Wilson Adams. + Site Installation representative- Danielle Stone. Major Tasks Task Person Responsible Success criteria 1. Planning for the project development Project manager Documentation of all users’ needs, resources required, and time needed to complete each task 1. Identification of hardware and software platforms Program manager A list of all hardware and software resources 1. Write and test program codes for the project Website development manager, Database administrator, configuration manager, Development of an efficient system 1. Project implementation Site installation representative, program manager Successfully installation of the system that addresses all users’ needs 1. Writing documentation and manuals Program manager Documentation of every information about the system. 1. Training and providing support Project manager All users are competent and satisfied 1. Control and maintenance Project manager The system is working effectively 1. Feedback response Project manager All comments about the system are responded to. Implementation Schedule Task Person responsible Start Date End Date Time taken Planning for the project development Project manager 17/02/2022 31/03/2022 6 weeks Identification and purchase of hardware and software platforms Program manager 24/02/2022 31/03/2022 5 weeks Write and test program codes for the project Website development manager, Database administrator, configuration manager, 4/04/2022 7/04/2022 3 months Project implementation Site installation representative, program manager 11/07/2022 1/08/2022 3 weeks Writing documentation and manuals Program manager 25/07/2022 22/08/2022 4 weeks Training and providing support Project manager 3/08/2022 19/08/2022 2 weeks Control and maintenance Project manager 20/08/2022 20/08/2030 8 years Feedback response Project manager 20/08/2022 20/08/2030 8 years Security Since most of Farcargo’s operations will be conducted online, security emphasis should be placed as most of its data will be available in the system. Security is an essential element to maintain during the system implementation process (Mahamad et al., 2018). Some features such as encryption, authentication, SSL secure communication, and authorization should be observed to ensure that the cluster is secure. Some of Farcargo’s system security features are 1. The system will provide one interface where a client will access all the components. To access their information, clients will be required to provide authorization and authentication on one interface. This will ensure the security implementation is simplified as all components will be viewed and interacted with in a consistent manner. 2. SSL secure communication; this connection allows the configuration of connections to each end-user. For instance, SSL connection can be enabled for the client, peer-to-peer, HTTP connection, gateway senders and receivers, and JMX. Regional data post-processing; the system should allow for the formatting of return values for the operations that provide access to region values. During implementation, the security of the components shall also be enhanced. For instance, when installing servers with sensitive data at the new office, maximum security from the company’s guards shall be placed during transportation and installation. The theft of such devices could lead to a great loss to the company while compromising sensitive information. Implementation Support During the implementation of the Farcargo information system, support from elements such as software, hardware, facilities, materials, equipment, and personnel shall be required. This section does not provide site-specific information as it describes the support elements. Hardware, Software, Facilities, and Materials Software tools * Operating System: + Microsoft Windows 10 Professionals. * Development Platforms: + Sublime text IDE (Integrated Development Environment); + GitHub for Version Control; + Android Studio to be used as a platform for development. * Proposed Development Language: + Android for Android App; + MBaaS (Firebase) as backend/server; + PHP will be used as the server-side scripting language for data parsing to and from JSON (JavaScript Object Notation). * Hosting services: + Webhost for hosting the database and resources of the application; + Wamp server to be used as a local server. Hardware Tools 1. Core i5 Laptop. 2. Android Smartphone. Version 6.0. 3. Hard Disk Space – The capacity should be at least 500 GB, upgradeable for future expansion. 4. Printer – Laser printer of at least 600 DPI qualities for near letter quality printing of reports. 5. Keyboard, Mouse, and Visual Display Unit. 6. Computer – At least IBM compatible PC with core i3 processor or higher. It should have at least a 1.7GHz processor speed. 7. Main Memory – The capacity should be at least 4 GB, upgradeable for future expansion. Facilities The implementation team shall require physical facilities during this task. One of the facilities required is a physical workspace, such as an office where they can assemble and test the hardware tools to be used. They will also need a desk for software installers and a hall or classroom space for training their staff and users. These facilities will be used mostly during the planning, coding, testing, and training phases. Materials These are minor but essential components to be used in the system development and implementation process. Some materials needed include charts, magnetic tapes, pens, a projector, disk packs, and a whiteboard among others. A List of Materials and Equipment ITEM DESCRIPTION COST($) Laptop Core i5 600 Android Smartphone Version 6.0 250 Hard Disk Space at least 500 GB, upgradeable 155 Printer 600 DPI qualities 300 Computer IBM compatible PC with core i3 processor or higher 400 Main Memory 4 GB, upgradeable 100 Charts Plain 50 Magnetic tapes 50 pens 25 Disk packs 75 Total 2005 Personnel As this is an information technology (IT) development project, the staff required are IT experts in various fields. This section identifies the personnel or staffing requirements appropriate for the tasks. Personnel Requirements and Staffing To begin with, a project manager should be well experienced in the field and should hold a master’s degree in an information technology field. The project manager’s services shall be required from the initiation to the termination period which is about 9 months. A project manager acts as the overall overseer of the project (Mahamad et al., 2018). Other managers and team members should have the following qualifications: * Program manager-Degree in Computer science with three years of relevant experience + Team members- Degree in Computer science * Security manager- Degree in computer forensics with two years of experience + Team members- Degree in computer forensics * Database Administrator- Degree in information technology with three years experience + Team members- Degree in information technology * Configuration manager- Degree in computer science with three years’ experience + Team members- Degree in computer science * Website development manager- Degree in ICT and three years’ experience + Team members- Degree in ICT * Site Installation representative- Degree in project management with two years’ experience + Team members- Degree in project management Performance Monitoring Lack of monitoring of the project’s progress would lead to failure (Chung et al., 2018). To monitor the performance of Farcargo’s information system deployment, the project will first be organized in one place. The IT team will use project management software to update and keep track of various sections of the project. Different tasks within the project are assigned to various people with relevant expertise and qualifications. Each supervisor shall develop the criteria for monitoring and conducting evaluations in their sub-project. The project team shall also record the areas where they face a challenge. They will be required to indicate how they addressed the challenge and what the outcome was. Evaluation of the progress of each subtask shall take place on a weekly basis. During the weekly meetings, each project team should submit an evaluation report. The report should indicate the level of progress of a project. The Project manager shall use the key performance indicators (KPIs) to gauge the performance of the project. In addition, some teams such as the database development team will monitor their performance in real-time using project monitoring software. References Chung, K. H., Ko, S. Y., & Ko, C. S. (2018). Collaborative and sustainable network design in courier services . In IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems (254-261). Springer, Cham. Web. Gramatikova, E. (2020). Innovations in the global courier services market . Economic Science, education and the real economy : Development and interactions in the digital age, (1), 431-440. Web. Mahamad, S., Sulaiman, S., & Leng, W. Y. (2018). An integrated courier services application: a new user experience . In 2018 IEEE Conference on e-Learning, e-Management, and e-Services (IC3e) 161-166. IEEE. Web.

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Feedback and Its Importance in Business Essay Feedback is usually a review or statement of opinion about the service provided or the work done. This type of communication is common both in relations between an employee and a client, and an employee and an employer. The importance of such a tool is due to the fact that it contributes to the timely adjustment of the employee’s actions so that he best achieves the goal. In addition, with the help of feedback, you can confirm the correctness of the actions of the individual. It is important to note that there are both positive and negative types of such a relationship, which differ in their goals. So, if a positive review is intended to encourage the process performed by an employee, then a negative one is used to change the vector of work. An example would be when a worker receives a message that a task was completed successfully, they can move on to the next step. Here you can clearly see that the employee is going in the right direction, which means the feedback is positive. If it happens that the review indicates the need to redo the work, since errors or shortcomings are exposed, then such a review is treated as negative (Primeast US, 2016). It is necessary to choose the right way to leave a review, namely, to observe the correct subordination form, business tone, not to switch to insults or jokes. This will allow both criticism and praise to be constructive so that it can be handled without putting the worker out of action. It is also worth receiving feedback in a balanced, calm and not tired state in order to control reactions and emotions. An employee, as a rule, does not know in advance what kind of feedback they sent him, and in order not to break loose, it is necessary to be ready for anything. In addition, it is often appropriate to practice remote feedback to avoid interpersonal conflicts. This is done through corporate mail or special sites for leaving reviews. Reference Primeast US. (2016). Constructive feedback for managers: giving feedback effectively [Video]. YouTube. Web.

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Feminism: Reflection of Cultural Feminism Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Liberal Feminism 3. Cultural Feminism 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Feminism advocates equality of human rights between men and women socially, economically, and politically. Liberal feminism is the main branch of feminism that enquires about equality of human rights in a more political and legal form (Ogletree, Diaz, and Padilla, 2019). These have raised different views and opinions by the feminists while supporting women to be given equal rights as men. Whereas cultural feminism advocates for equal rights between men and women in all domains socially. Despite these differences, the main reason for feminism is to remove all the explicit barriers that lead to unequal treatment in society. Most feminists want to feel equally powerful as men. By performing tasks that men perform, they are given equal employment opportunities and freedom to choose any career, even in a male-dominated profession. In addition, feminism advocates for equal leadership opportunities in organizations, in the community, and back at their homes, where they share equal home responsibility with their husbands. Liberal Feminism In the case given, through feminist legal methods, they may consider approving the right of the employer prohibiting women of childbearing age from working in the industry to avoid inhalation of the harmful gaseous products that may negatively affect them. Male was naturally made stronger than women, and honestly, not all fields that men work in women can handle. So, through contextual reasoning, feminists should first reason if they worked in the company and any adverse effects the gases produced would cause them (Jacquette and J.S 2018). If they found that the gases were harmful and may lead to complications in their body, they would approve the employer’s right to prohibit women from working in the company. Through consciousness-raising, feminists would support the decision if most female workers feel unsafe working there. This helps women view what would happen at isolated instances of insensitivity and if it was safer for them to work around the male-dominated areas. Consciousness-raising also helps individuals unmask hidden bias and personal context to work in the company. If they find out in their conclusions that their conscience is against working in the company, they will approve its decision. Unmasking patriarchy is a female legal method designed to uncover the male biases hidden beneath l. The masthead exposes the company’s unfairness by declining women to work. (Enyew and Mihret, 2018). If the liberal feminist finds out that the decision made by the employer was made based on gender, considering the input the female workers would put in place compared to the male workers, they would undoubtedly disapprove of it. This would also lead to the company facing gender-based consequences that the law creates because the unmasking patriarchy method already identifies them. Liberal feminism believes in the development of women in the masculine reserve (D’ganzio and Klein, 2020). Thus, it looks forward to equal opportunities because they think they can work in places where men can work. They also feel that they can only succeed in the male sphere of influence, and the company’s choice not to allow them to work will deny them a successful future. Consciousness-raising helps liberal feminist to understand their potential that they can work in whatever place a male is working at; thus, they would go against the company for not letting them explore and work on their potential. Cultural Feminism Cultural feminism is when a woman tries to revalue and redefine herself in the community. Cultural feminism states that women should not be treated equally as men should be treated. With this statement, cultural feminism would approve the employer’s decision of disallowing women in the childbearing stage to work in the company. If the work done in the company is more physical and so hard for women to bear with it, then cultural feminism will approve the employer’s decision. Cultural feminism believes that they essentially connect to other human beings through physical connections of intercourse, breastfeeding, and pregnancy, unlike the legal form, which dictates that human beings are distinct, separate, and physically unconnected to each other. It also believes in the development of women outside the male sphere of influence and does not require them to be employed in male-dominated fields. Cultural feminists also tend to respect men’s space because they know that men will never interfere with their space; thus, peace endures. So if the company decides only to have male employees, they tend to respect that because they are usually more interested in equal social rights than economic rights. Cultural feminists urge a concept of equality before the law considers the biological and cultural differences between men and women. If the employer does not assume physical and cultural rights, the cultural feminists are likely to disapprove of the company’s decision. In the case given, cultural feminism would disapprove of the employer’s choice if the decision made by the employer disregards the biological and cultural rights of women. If the employer made that choice to avoid losses of compensation to women who go on leave during the child-rearing stage, cultural feminism would strongly oppose that decision because it is going against the natural rights of women. Many institutions, such as the workplace, follow regulations mainly based on male-dominated experiences, which is always a disadvantage to women, according to cultural feminists (Assi and S. S. 2019). This causes women who undergo biological damage such as pregnancy to quit jobs and concentrate more on the pregnancy. Conclusion Cultural feminism seems to be the best type of feminism, unlike liberal feminism. This is because cultural feminism believes in the development of women outside the male sphere of influence, unlike liberal feminism, which thinks they can only be successful if male dominance is neutralized. If women tend to follow cultural feminism, they will become more creative in exploring opportunities to work freely without being dominated by men. Cultural feminism applauds women’s differences, where these disparities have been renamed “women’s strengths” rather than “women’s shortcomings.” (Assi and S. S. 2019). It also advocates more on equality of biological and cultural rights which is an advantage to women if they were given equal physical and cultural rights as men, unlike liberal feminism, which concentrates more on political rights and legal reforms (Law, and S. A.,2019). Cultural feminism also believes that women are connected to each physical interaction. In contrast, liberal feminism considers humans as different, physically unattached, and apart from others; it is fundamentally irreversibly masculine. References Assi, S. S. (2019). Margaret Fuller’s Early poetry: Reflection of cultural feminism. Star , 1 (4), 7-12. D’ignazio, C., & Klein, L. F. (2020). Data feminism . MIT press. West, R. (2018). Women in the Legal Academy: A Brief History of Feminist Legal Theory. Fordham L. Rev. , 87 , 977. Enyew, B. E., & Mihrete, A. G. (2018). Liberal feminism: Assessing its compatibility and applicability in Ethiopia context. International journal of sociology and anthropology , 10 (6), 59-64. Jaquette, J. S. (2018). Liberalism, feminism, and the global political economy of liberal feminism. In Handbook on the International Political Economy of Gender . Edward Elgar Publishing. Law, S. A. (2019). In defense of liberal feminism. In Research Handbook on Feminist Jurisprudence . Edward Elgar Publishing. Ogletree, S. M., Diaz, P., & Padilla, V. (2019). What is feminism? College students’ definitions and correlates. Current Psychology , 38 (6), 1576-1589.

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Fight Club: An Analysis of the Film by David Fincher Essay It is a film about the fragility of masculinity, men’s mental health, and how they are interconnected. Fight Club is a crude portrait of what happens when men’s insecurities turn into masculinity in overdrive. Thus, this film represents toxic masculinity. Fight Club shows men dissatisfied with the state of masculinity. The characters are different in that many of them were raised by their mothers because their fathers either left the family or got divorced. According to Ta, the result is that the characters see themselves as “a generation of men raised by women” (270). In their life there is not enough male education for the formation of their masculinity. It confirms the idea of phallocentrism, which is based on the image of castrated women. Women raise children so that they can enter into the symbolic order. Fight Club is a wicked satire about finding, nurturing, and destroying yourself. It challenges ideas of masculinity, adding to the image of a real man several features that can be called associative and setting self-destruction and a destructive impact on society as one of life’s goals. The victory of Jack’s subpersonality over Tyler on the roof of a skyscraper shows that the good in a real man can overcome the destructive element. The ability to self-sacrifice and responsibility for his actions in Jack, who has gone through the evolution of masculinity, inspires some optimism, but the finale remains open.

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Fighting Inequality in Latin America Essay (Article) Introduction There are numerous problems in the world that continue to undermine all the benefits that the rapid social evolution and technological progress bring. One of the issues that should be addressed immediately by all governments is extreme inequality. Despite the successful implementation of a wide range of measures that helped fight such disparities in most Western societies, Latin American nations continue to struggle from a plethora of problems that are rooted in inequality. Nevertheless, recently some governments in the region have been particularly enthusiastic in developing new ingenious strategies to help the poor. I strongly believe that a dedicated analysis of such measures can ensure increased living standards in one of the world’s most diverse regions. The Global Importance of the Issue Why does fighting inequality in Latin America matter to the rest of the world? First, the region’s political life has been extremely turbulent for several decades. It means that some of the vital social institutions in various states are not efficient enough to ensure rapid and sustainable development. Such a situation leads to a wide range of social problems, including discrimination, drug trafficking, street crime, high levels of violence. All the above-mentioned troubles directly affect the well-being of millions of Americans. Drugs and illegal migration have been devasting various neighborhoods across the US. It is just one of the examples, as Europe and even some Asian countries also experience difficulties that are rooted in social issues in Latin America. What is more important, Latin American nations have high chances of successfully and quickly overcoming many of the above-mentioned challenges. Governments in the region are generally enthusiastic about developing and implementing new strategies, as political parties constantly face severe competition. Thus, just like in the 20 th century, numerous social experiments (this time, predominantly positive) can change societies there in a due manner. Latin American nations that manage to find the efficient means to enhance the living standards of millions of citizens will become role models for numerous developing countries that currently experience rapid population growth (most of them in Africa). Therefore, the ability of Latin American nations to overcome difficulties and get rid of numerous constraints will ensure the successful implementation of similarly efficient strategies in countries where billions of people live. The Core of the Problem Maybe the fact that few nations in the region are high-income economies is the cause of many issues? It can not be so, as there are numerous nations in the world that are not rich but do not struggle with such a wide range of social problems. Therefore, there must be something unique about Latin America that hinders its development and does not allow it to reach the level of prosperity and well-being of other Western societies. It is undoubtedly the extreme levels of inequality that deprives millions of people living in poor neighborhoods of access to high-quality education, medical services, and cheap credit. Figure 1: LAC countries are some of the most unequal in the world Gini indices on the distribution of household consumption per capita by region, circa 2017. Despite the gradual decreases in income inequality that take place due to multiple changes in taxation and legislation, there are other problems that underline social issues. Wealth inequality has always been a feature of most Latin American nations, as a few aristocratic families usually owned the most fertile land in the 19 th century. Therefore, unlike in the 19 th -century US, new migrants could not easily acquire free land and had to toil for the rich. Such disparities from the outstart hindered the development of a large middle-class that is instrumental in creating a free and prosperous society. Simply raising the taxes and redistributing the money to the poor is not an optimal solution. A much more complex and scientific, data-driven approach should be utilized in order to address the issue efficiently. New frameworks should be developed and established that will seek to help people truly realize their potential by incentivizing them to use their strengths and talents. Fighting extreme poverty implies the utilization of a unique set of urgent measures and a wide range of strategies. Cheap credit or interest-free loans have already proven to be beneficial when they are granted to hard-working families that desperately need resources, such as tools, land, materials, or money to pay the rent. Once dedicated institutions or charities realize that a family will spend a substantial amount of money in an efficient way, it should ensure rapid transit of the low-interest or interest-free loan. Moreover, it is highly desirable to establish or encourage the creation of organizations that ask for money back only in case a poor family’s enterprise is successful and starts generating income. Covid-19 One of the factors that further exacerbates the inequality problem in Latin America is the Covid-19 pandemic and the numerous measures that seek to stop the spread of the virus. Therefore, all the above mentioned has substantially widened the income gap. According to Regional Human Development Report (2021), in these unprecedented circumstances, 22 million more people have fallen below the poverty line in the region, returning to 2008 levels. Moreover, lower commodity prices and slower growth in China, however, have reduced Latin America’s growth prospects (Messina & Silva, 2018). What is more, due to the fact that the middle-class is relatively small, few people have the opportunity to work from home, which is in sharp contrast with the situation in more prosperous Western countries. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic hinders the chances of millions of pupils and students to continue the education process online. According to Delaporte et al. (2021), social distancing measures have led to an increase in inequality in Latin America. A large portion of families in the region have more than two children, which makes it hard for any family with income levels below average to provide each child with a laptop. Furthermore, there are numerous areas even within the city boundaries where the speed of Internet connection is not sufficient enough to ensure proper conditions for working or learning from home. The successful cases from the 2000s that featured the improved living standards of millions of workers in Latin America include Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. In the first two examples, labor unions managed to contribute to the establishment of a safety net that helped many professionals finally get decent salaries. In Brazil’s scenario, the substantial rises in minimal wage helped fight the situation where millions of people living in the cities with high living costs had to toil for a few dollars a day. Therefore, there are multiple success stories that can be repeated despite the disastrous effect both the Covid-19 pandemic and the consequent economic repercussions had on the region. Figure 2: Despite declining in the 2000s, income inequality remains high in LAC. Income inequality (Gini index 1992–2018). Various Types of Inequality Income inequality, wealth inequality, and extreme poverty are not the only types of inequality that people in Latin American struggle with. Various types of horizontal inequalities (based on differences in sex, ethnicity, or race, just to name a few) are still a major issue. Women continue to earn much less than men and frequently face a “glass ceiling” due to numerous stereotypes. Ethnic minorities still lack recognition as active political and economic agents. Moreover, they are sometimes left behind in access to various social services. Governments in the regions do not allocate enough resources to the development of various facilities in remote rural areas, while, in fact, it is the most crucial measure that can really ensure the rapid enhancement of living standards. There seems to be a lack of truly independent politicians that are capable of staying determined to achieve long-term goals. Thus, the political systems in many countries in the region seem to lack the real opportunity to represent large portions of the population. Sometimes even certain multinational corporations seem to understand more in the importance of creating proper living standards and working conditions that rapidly enhance productivity. Governments and technocrats have to fight numerous imbalances that do not allow for a more equal distribution of access to basic services and resources. The extreme riches that a minor portion of the population possess deprive them of the chance to employ a much more efficient investment-oriented approach to their numerous assets. It is difficult to realize what stands behind the lack of compassion that the rich show to the millions of poor people living in their countries. In many Latin American cities neighborhoods for the extremely rich are located just next to poor communities. Trust is instrumental in the creation of a properly functioning state and creating a harmonious society. Walking along the streets in Latin American cities makes it vivid that the rich do not trust the poor and are willing to distance themselves as far as possible from everything associated with poverty. In many cases, the motivation behind such measures seems to go far beyond safety concerns. Therefore, in the 21 st century, it is crucial for every nation to find something that brings people together. States that used to have socialist governments provide a unique example. Despite the fact that after the fall of the Soviet Union inequality rates skyrocketed in many countries, it is clear that most of them did not encounter many of the issues that Latin American nations face. In states that used to be socialist, people have relatively equal access to free or cheap health services and education. Despite the income inequality that can be extremely high, the poor and the rich continue to go to the same hospitals and to study at the same schools. The frequent opportunities (or necessities) to interact with people from all walks of life allow for much higher compassion levels. When each member of a diverse society can understand all the hardships that others have to go through, it makes a nation tolerant and cooperative. Consequently, it leads to rapid accumulation of wealth that can be then redistributed evenly. The success story of the US economy is not based solely on strong work ethics and efficient levels of market regulations. It is also based on meritocracy, meaning that children of recent immigrants could become wealthy due to equality of opportunity. Education Education has always been considered instrumental in ensuring future success. Despite the numerous attempts to claim that the rich always enjoy better educational opportunities due to their parents’ financial resources, I strongly believe that it is definitely not the case in the 21 st century. The access to enormous amounts of free online information that people enjoy can ensure that they can become valued professionals in the labor market. Moreover, the free-market economy implies that numerous companies are in a constant struggle to enhance their profitability by various means, including the reduction of costs. Labor is still an important factor that influences prices for goods and services. Therefore, even small and medium-sized companies are willing to hire professionals from countries with lower living costs. One important example concerning the change in the government’s attitude to education includes the numerous social programs in Brazil that helped incentivize school pupils from poor families to actually go to schools. In fact, their parents were paid if children attended the classes. According to Clifton et al. (2020), public spending on education, personal income taxes and social contributions are especially instrumental in reducing income inequality. Thus, sums that are insufficient for a federal government help motivate a large number of children to acquire knowledge and make the first steps that can lead to a successful career in a country where industrious professionals enjoy truly high living standards. Tourism and City Environment There are plentiful strategies that governments can employ in order to fight inequality and all the numerous issues that are associated with it. One of the easiest and, at the same time, one of the most efficient options is bringing people together. Modern cities that feature great architecture, nice infrastructure, and a wide range of cultural sites, social institutions are all relatively safe all around the world. Once pleasant changes take place in a city that makes millions of tourists from different parts of the world go there, locals in most cases rapidly change their own perception of the place they live in. Although such strategies seem to be extraordinary and insufficient to address various social issues, they actually work great in the 21 st century. Especially in the case of Latin America, where amazing climate, bright unique nature, and the proximity to warm oceans and seas allows for room for maneuver concerning the above-mentioned approaches. Tourists always bring a lot of dollars to the places they find exotic. That alone can be extremely beneficial for a struggling economy, as worldwide popularity as a tourist destination ensures higher incomes, enhanced infrastructure, and the creation of millions of new jobs. Figure 3: One of the most popular landmarks in Buenos Aires. The Floralis Genérica sculpture. Moreover, the rich that suddenly begin to enjoy the improved environment around them also start to invest in local real estate, purchase local products, go on vacation to places in their own countries. In the case of Latin America, it can help keep enormous sums of money in the country that will boost various sectors of the economy. In any case, such a scenario is much more preferable than all of those dollars going to a handful of luxury brands and well-known resorts. What is more important, people in the 21 st century do not use the Internet on a daily basis just to perform daily tasks in a more efficient way. They actually rely on the thousands of opinions and images that are thoroughly processed by social media algorithms. One post of a truly influential blogger is enough to draw the attention of millions of people worldwide to any product, service, destination. Creating a truly appealing image of a neighborhood, a city, a country has become an extremely important goal of governments and local municipalities. People living in a place that is admired globally are far more satisfied with their lives, even if the economy struggles. Thus, building new infrastructure that everyone can access, enhancing public space design, redevelopment and landscaping can help increase the living standards of millions of people substantially in a rapid and cost-efficient manner. The above-mentioned strategy is especially beneficial to Latin America with its pleasant climate, which will allow to later employ it in India and African countries. Transport Transportation is also an extremely important tool that can encourage people of all walks of life to finally meet each other and start interacting. Efficient and comfortable public transport has proven to be one of the greatest methods to fight inequality. Once the rich realize that they do not necessarily have to use their cars all the time and occasionally use various other options in the city centers, it quickly enhances the perception of public transport in general. Even if extremely rich businessmen lack the motivation to actually start using it, there is another rapidly growing part of the population that is considered to be privileged in Latin America. Just like in Europe, numerous officials and other public sector workers can be incentivized to use public transport more often. Given the importance and current popularity of green technologies, technocrats and officials should jump at the opportunity and create a highly efficient public transit network. One of the greatest and brightest examples of the importance of new city infrastructure projects for society is the construction of aerial cable car urban transit systems that have recently become extremely popular across Latin America. Although they are generally perceived as tourist attractions in Europe and the US, they play an important role in many countries in Latin America for a number of reasons. Some of the most populous and important cities in Latin America suffer from large differences in elevation of neighborhoods or neighboring cities (that in some cases exceeds 1000 ft.). Therefore, only aerial cable cars can truly help under such circumstances. Figure 4: Aerial cable car urban transit system in Bolivia. Teleférico La Paz–El Alto (La Paz–El Alto Cable Car). Arguably, the most important and the most popular of the recently constructed systems is Teleférico La Paz–El Alto. The longest aerial cable car urban transit system in the world that can currently boast of colorful 36 stations does not only substitute winding, congested roads. It brings people of different social statuses together, as thousands of people living in poor remote neighborhoods were finally granted an opportunity to commute to the city centers of the two rapidly developing cities. Therefore, new technologies often allow for ingenious and bright inexpensive solutions that do not only create new economic opportunities but also efficiently address numerous social issues. Conclusion There are multiple factors that stand behind the struggle of Latin American nations to fight various types of inequality. Despite the importance of eliminating extreme income inequality, new opportunities and new social tendencies allow for a far more rapid resolution of some of the problems with the help of ingenious methods and techniques. It is possible to enhance the living standards of millions of people living in enormous urban centers in different parts of Latin America by providing them with the opportunity to get an education and find a job with decent pay in the city center or online. Helping people in Latin American countries stay optimistic about their opportunity to start their own business or become successful professionals in a pleasant city is instrumental in eliminating extreme poverty in the region. References Candia A. (n.d.). Web. Clifton, J., Díaz-Fuentes, D., & Revuelta, J. (2020). Falling inequality in Latin America: The role of fiscal policy . Journal of Latin American Studies, 52 (2), 317–341. Web. Delaporte, I., Escobar, J., & Peña, W. (2021). The distributional consequences of social distancing on poverty and labour income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean . Journal of Population Economics, 34 (4), 1385–1443. Web. Messina, J., & Silva, J. (2018). Wage inequality in Latin America: Understanding the past to prepare the future . World Bank Publications. Mi Teleférico (n.d.). Web. United Nations Development Programme. (2021). Regional human development report 2021 . Trapped: High inequality and low growth in Latin America and the Carribean. Web.

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Fighting Mafia and Counterfeit in Europe Research Paper As a rule, the concepts of counterfeiting and terrorism are not seen as quite compatible, mostly due to the drastic difference in the end goals of each type of criminal activity. However, some terrorist organizations have sought to venture into counterfeiting, effectively expanding into massive illegal yet tremendously lucrative businesses. The notorious Italian Mafia has been particularly infamous for its efforts to capture the Italian market and seeking to divert the revenue stream to fund its nefarious activities (Beqiraj et al., 2020). Although Mafia’s activities can hardly be restricted due to the overwhelming power that it has already established in Italy, accurate tools for detecting counterfeits and preventing them from entering the European market must be incorporated into the current measures. Italian Mafia’s involvement in counterfeiting has been quite prominent., mostly due to the overwhelming power that Mafia holds in Italy as its infamous organized crime institution. Among the key counterfeit-related activities in which Mafia has been engaged, manufacturing fake products for sale has been the main one (Beqiraj et al., 2020). For instance, in 2017, Mafia was involved in manufacturing fake olive oil for selling to EU countries (Bacchi, 2017). Though the described counterfeit endeavor might seem as insignificant, especially given the range and severity of crimes for which the Italian Mafia has been known, the specified incident has produced a rather ample impact on the trade between Italy and other European states. According to the reports issued in response to the specified event, cheap oil was “re-labeled as the more expensive “extra virgin” variety, prized for its rich taste and health benefits, and distributed as such to retail stores in New Jersey” (Bacchi, 2017). The specified activities undermine the reputation of Italian food manufacturers and the related companies, therefore, jeopardizing the very basis of the state’s economy. Therefore, the problem of food counterfeiting must be managed so that Italian companies working in the food industry and exporting their goods can continue to flourish. In order to combat the issue, measures for identifying the instances of counterfeit and preventing them from entering the market must be designed. Unfortunately, an alternative solution that could be seen as more efficient, namely, fighting Mafia in the first place, is presently highly improbable. Since the Italian Mafia has practically ingrained itself into the economic and political context of Italy, overthrowing its rein will take a tremendous amount of time. Therefore, introducing tools for detecting instances of counterfeiting and removing them from the market should be accepted as a reasonable temporary measure (Juntunen, 2019). Thus, the very concept of counterfeiting will no longer seem lucrative to organized crime members, which is bound to cause the number of counterfeits to shrink significantly. By developing and installing devices for better identification of counterfeit products and removing them from the range of those circulating in the European market, the Italian government and the adjacent state bodies will be able to counteract the counterfeit efforts of the Mafia. Even though the Mafia itself cannot be managed currently, having implanted itself firmly into the political and economic structures, measures against counterfeit, such as more precise instruments for identifying it and removing it from the European market, must be incorporated into the current strategies. While presently, counterfeit remains robust and seemingly undefeatable, a set of coordinated actions may help address the situation. References Bacchi, U. (2017). Italian police break mafia ring exporting fake olive oil to U.S. Reuters . Web. Beqiraj, E., Fedeli, S., & Giuriato, L. (2020). Policy tolerance of economic crime? An empirical analysis of the effect of counterfeiting on Italian trade. European Journal of Political Economy, 65 , 1-16. Web. Juntunen, A. (2019). Criminality, smuggling, counterfeit and trafficking: A review of different types of criminal activities in diaspora networks. In Diaspora Networks in International Business, 183-201. Web.

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Film Analysis “Dances With Wolves” by Kevin Costner Essay Dances with Wolves , directed by Kevin Costner, was based on the book of the same name by Michael Blake, who thereafter wrote the screenplay for the film. The plot takes place during the American Civil War when a brave lieutenant John Dunbar finds himself in an abandoned fort and infiltrates Native American society. Even though the director’s crew extensively obtained guidance from historical consultants, for example, Doris Leader Charge, Lakota language instructor, it did not save the film from historical criticism. Dances with Wolves can be considered as ambitious and outstanding debut work of an inexperienced director who treated the image of indigenous Indians carefully and competently conveyed it in his project. The communal life of indigenous Indians has been portrayed accurately enough for a film not based on real events. The film was actively praised for the fact that Costner managed to resist the typical portrayal of Native Americans and not limit the characters to simplified caricature. Most of the minor inaccuracies presented in the film did not significantly impact the understanding of the overall picture. Russell Means noticed mistakes in the use of the Lakota language when some of the male-Natives were speaking in the feminine way. Historian Joseph Roquemore also noted that the Sioux tribe’s attitude to weapons was misinterpreted to emphasize people’s traditional way of life (StudyMoose 2020). The movie’s historical inaccuracies were caused not only by the difficulty of portraying the Lakota culture but also by the biases of Costner and his desire to convey a certain image of the tribe. Despite such mistakes, the director’s approach to portraying history was responsible, which helped him eliminate the stereotype of a noble savage in the image of a Native American. Kevin Costner’s love of Native American history was evident long before his directing of Dancing with Wolves , and at the age of 35, he decided to revive the Western with his project. He sought to overcome human prejudices about savage Indians in order to renew long-forgotten ties. Costner depicted the Indians not as a general group of people but as individuals to humanize them as much as possible. His desire to revive the interest and impact of peoples understanding the culture and life of indigenous peoples brings the Native Americans to the central plan. The cinematic techniques of Dances with Wolves play a huge role in the hidden influence on the viewer. Dean Semler as a cinematographer shot the film in color and actively used lighting to add opposite tones to the overall mood. In the scene where the main character is preparing to leave the tribe, the general mood is sad, but the bright light hints at the possibility of a happy future. The main musical theme is a straightforward trumpet-led melody, quite pretentious and anticipating, though fading against the background of brighter musical pieces, such as the bass-heavy The Death of Timmons or The Buffalo Hunt written for the film specifically (D’Amata 2020). In general, the cinematic picture had a huge impact on the film’s overall impression, making it so memorable and stand out. On a scale of one to five, I would rate the film 4 points on the scale of historical value and 4 points on the scale of entertainment value. The historical component expanded the understanding of the average person about Native Americans. Nevertheless, some minor inaccuracies, sometimes even made to create a certain image of the tribes, do not allow me to rate the film at 5. The entertaining component of the film can also be appreciated highly because the film has gained great popularity and received critical acclaim. Nevertheless, I would dare to withdraw the score for the timing, which could spoil the impression for some viewers. References D’Amata, Stephani, Anne. A Case Study of Indigenous Representation in Film Music: Smoke Signals and Dances with Wolves. 2020. Web. Dances with the Facts: The Historical Accuracy of Dances with Wolves. StudyMoose, 2020. Web. Dances with Wolves . Directed by Kevin Costner. 1990. Orion Pictures.

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Financial and Organizational Barriers to Healthcare Essay Over the past years, the paradigm of medical care has embraced a patient-centered approach that prioritizes and anticipates one’s needs and prompts clinical intervention. Such a proactive attitude, however, has not yet become a pattern due to several financial and organizational barriers. Many hospitals claim to have limited resources for the implementation of preventive health care regularly, especially when it comes to the financial coverage of preventive interventions. The controversy, in this case, is the fact that the overwhelming amount of EBP research points to the socio-economic benefits of the anticipatory approach to health care. For example, in an article by Jennings and Eng (2020), the authors clearly indicate that “Increasing preventive cancer screenings in the U.S. is an effective strategy to reduce health care costs” (p. 245). Another study concludes that the personalized preventive approach “is statistically associated with reductions in outpatient expenditures, Medicare expenditures in year 5, emergency department (ED) utilization, and unplanned inpatient admissions, accompanied by significant increases in evaluation and management visits and expenditures” (Morefield, Tomai, Slanchev, & Klemes, 2020, p. 75). Based on this evidence, it is reasonable to ask why the economic systems of health care overlook such a beneficial opportunity. In my opinion, the answer to this question addresses two major aspects: heavy reliance on patient autonomy in health decisions and the unwillingness to invest in telemedicine and digital solutions to preventive health. This reflection was, in fact, inspired by one of my patients who is receiving treatment for type 2 diabetes. This patient is a 68-year-old man, so the majority of his medical expenses are covered by federal Medicaid insurance. He is a heavy smoker and drinks alcohol at least once a week, so he is at high risk of hyperglycemia and other complications of diabetes. Because of severe blood sugar spikes at his age, the patient is frequently admitted to the hospital with hyperglycemia and low blood pressure, which makes him faint. As a result, the patient is readmitted to the facility every two months with an average hospital stay of three days. Since it is already evident that the patient faints and struggles with blood sugar spikes because of a lifestyle incompatible with the disease, it is critical to question the preventive measures of the treatment. One of the potentially successful ways to accomplish the proper level of prevention is to let patients rely on technology rather than their perception of health. The patient discussed above cannot be blamed for incompetence and ignorance in terms of his well-being because, after a medical intervention, he tends to feel better and forget about his medical condition. Indeed, over the years of my nursing experience, I have realized that people are unlikely to think about their health when nothing bothers them. The ones who do, however, are usually more financially capable and address health care without preventive care and recommendations. For this reason, it is crucial to provide patients with an opportunity to be reminded of their health status before it is too late and they rush to the hospital. Telemedicine, including apps linked to a tracking device, is an extremely beneficial way to promote this change. Evidence suggests that a mobile-phone system for senior patients with type 2 diabetes contributes positively to the patient’s blood sugar and overall well-being (Sun et al., 2019). Procurement of such devices for a facility and software development yield financial advantages for the administration and patients in the long run, as hospital stay, readmission rates, and federal coverage of medical bills result in more frequent and costly expenses. Hence, it is high time for public health advocates to perceive telemedicine as a futuristic concept rather than a full-scale modern solution. References Jennings, N. B., & Eng, H. J. Preventive cancer screening: A strategy to reduce US healthcare costs. Journal of Medical & Clinical Research, 5(9), 245-250. Morefield, B., Tomai, L., Slanchev, V., & Klemes, A. (2020). Payer effects of personalized preventive care for patients with diabetes. The American Journal of Managed Care, 26 (3), 70-75. Web. Sun, C., Sun, L., Xi, S., Zhang, H., Wang, H., Feng, Y., Deng, Y., Wang, H., Xiao, X., Wang, G., Gao, Y., & Wang, G. (2019). Mobile phone-based telemedicine practice in older Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Randomized controlled trial. J MIR mHealth and uHealth, 7 (1). Web.

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Financial Indicators in Business Essay Based on the stipulated fact regarding the story behind numbers, I opine that several financial drivers are behind the story. Firstly, the price change percentage plays a key role as a financial indicator. It implies how prices adjust on a declining basis, inclining basis or a discounted basis. This indicator is instrumental because one cannot maintain sales at the same price. Such attributes are associated with various external factors that act with forces of demand and supply. Secondly, the cost of a good percentage is another vital financial indicator whose influence cannot be ignored. The impact is due to the factors associated with cost (Mack, 2021). For instance, the cost is a vital determinant of price; therefore it is mandatory to do cost consideration for the price alteration. Finally, account receivable marks are a critical indicator in every organization. It implies the returns from sales recorded since the success of every organization relies majorly on the positivity of numbers in account receivable, which has crucial importance associated with the same (Hristov & Chirico, 2019). Talking about a story behind a number, these three indicators go hand in hand with the success of the actual story. Keeping an eye on these indicators calls for intensive insight and analysis of the same. Such consideration will be instrumental in decisional stages and subsequent improvement, enhancing profitable financial decisions. References Hristov, I., & Chirico, A. (2019). The role of sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs) in implementing sustainable strategies. Sustainability , 11(20), 5742 Mack, S. (2021). Traditional Financial Indicators and Financial Solvency of Publicly Traded Companies [Doctoral dissertation, Capella University]. Proquest. Web.

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Financial Security Work Experience Essay Table of Contents 1. Experience with SAMA 2. Experience with Cyber Security & Data Privacy 3. Experience with ISO 27001 4. Work Cited Experience with SAMA In my previous job, I was instructed to monitor security risks and immediately report them. As it is required by Cyber Security Framework Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority, all potential risks were documented. However, in some cases, they could be accepted if they did not contradict the regulations. My duties required me to constantly check for risk identification documents as they provided information on whether a certain risk was accepted or not. Experience with Cyber Security & Data Privacy Another one of my duties was the obligation to preserve the confidentiality of customers’ information assets. As I had access to a large amount of data regarding deposits and customers’ accounts, I was also exposed to the personal information of the bank’s clients. Under no circumstance was I allowed to disclose this information. Failure to do so was perceived as a severe violation and could result in fines and further penalties. I was also contractually obligated to prevent cyber security threats. An important part of the job was done on computers and other devices, which were connected by a network. All-access had to be authorized in order to prevent any unidentified foreign presence. In order to eliminate the risk of virus exposure or data theft, I was required to ensure that every device I used for work was authorized and trustworthy. Experience with ISO 27001 Knowing the ISO 27001 standard was essential for safely operating with customers’ accounts and deposits. As such, I have knowledge of such control measures as physical access controls and firewall policies. Subsequently, I am skilled at risk identification since I am aware of the types of possible cyber threats, monitoring procedures, and incident management. As a result, I am fully eligible for ISO 27001 certification if such a need arises. Work Cited “Cyber Security Framework Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority.” Saudi Central Bank , Web.

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Fitness and Health Workforce Programs Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Article 1 2. Article 2 3. Article 3 4. Article 4 5. References Article 1 Fig. 1. Article 1 Dancing classes have been a way of enjoying physical activity while learning new skills for centuries. Zumba is a mixture of Latino dance exercises and cardio that may benefit fitness and health, specifically among women. Barranco-Ruiz and Villa-González (2020) have analyzed the implementation of Zumba fitness programs on sedentary-style female employees. The study involved 98 participants split into three groups. The first was the control group, used to compare results to the rest. Another was the endurance-training Zumba class group, and the third focused on Zumba strengthening exercises. The study found that both interventions helped improve the physical fitness of physically-inactive women. This article can be used to inform the study about the potential options of intervention and affecting the target population. It also shows how cardio and dance-based exercise are effective when applicated to sedentary populations. At the same time, it demonstrates the need for space in similar interventions. Article 2 Fig. 2. Article 2 Social bonding and cooperation are critical factors in the success or failure of health-related fitness interventions in employees. Ren et al. (2018) examine the possibility of using cooperative fitness-tracking to reinforce fitness goals and promote a more active lifestyle. The study reviewed ten dyads during three weeks. The first week was a control week, the second featured vigorous exercising and the intervention itself, and the third week saw how the habit is maintained. Ren et al. (2018) found that “the awareness of being physically active stimulates the exchange of knowledge to support active lifestyles and facilitate including fitness breaks in the daily work routine” (p. 17). This article can be used to demonstrate how peer pressure could serve as an additional motivator for fitness. This particular element is very easy to combine with other potential activities. At the same time, it cannot serve as a stand-alone measure to improve fitness. Article 3 Fig. 3. Article 3 Workforce fitness programs typically feature generalized group activities. At the same time, it is argued that individualized therapist-led workplace fitness programs offer better results. The study by Matsugaki et al. (2019) investigates and compares the effectiveness of such workplace fitness programs. The study featured 469 employees split into two groups, with one receiving personalized training programs and the other – generalized fitness instructions (Matsugaki et al., 2019). The study showed better self-efficacy as well as higher results for individualized programs. The usefulness of this study for the proposed project lies in demonstrating peak efficiency of personalized considerations towards individual employee. Companies that can afford that kind of care see great increases in loyalty and performance. At the same time, not every company can afford to hire and maintain a personal fitness trainer. Despite the intervention proving superior, generalized practice also performed reasonably well. This evidence could be used to further support the primary intervention. Article 4 Fig. 4. Article 4 Finally, the option of personal fitness trackers has been explored in many companies. The study by Torres and Zhang (2021) inspects the influence of trackers on hotel workers. Devices like Fitbit were used to help measure activity. The study found that employees with the devices showed better physical activity and healthier eating (Torres & Zhang, 2021). Therefore, it is a potential option that can be adapted to many different types of workplaces. This article serves as a basis for the supported intervention, and shows how a mundane and easy-to-get gadget can influence fitness (Torres & Zhang, 2021). At the same time, it demonstrates the popularity of such gadgets in different generations of employees and its effect not only on physical activity but also on nutrition. The intervention outline in this article can be adapted to other organizations, such as CNAQ. Overall, it is an excellent basis for the budding proposal. References Barranco-Ruiz, Y., & Villa-González, E. (2020). Health-related physical fitness benefits in sedentary women employees after an exercise intervention with Zumba Fitness®. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (8), 2632. Matsugaki, R., Sakata, M., Itoh, H., Matsushima, Y., & Saeki, S. (2019). Effects of a physical therapist led workplace Personal-Fitness management program for manufacturing industry workers: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61 (11), e445-e451. Ren, X., Yu, B., Lu, Y., & Brombacher, A. (2018). Exploring cooperative fitness tracking to encourage physical activity among office workers. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2 , 1-20. Torres, E. N., & Zhang, T. (2021). The impact of wearable devices on employee wellness programs: A study of hotel industry workers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93 , 102769.

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Five Structural Configurations for Organizations Essay Organizational structure is an essential notion that brings the team together to manage the objective successfully. Five structural configurations help people to achieve team goals. Depending on the purposes of the group, it is essential to choose the appropriate structure. For instance, there are variations: One Boss, Dual Authority, Simple Hierarchy, Circle Network, and All-Channel Network. These structures are different by their nature, and it is vital to examine each of the five to determine the most effective structure for the team to accomplish its goals. One Boss structure is a situation where the leader charges responsibilities of all people. This structure is classic, and many companies apply it because of its simplicity and clearness. Indeed, it can have some substantial disadvantages, for example, slow communication, delays, and single decision-making. The second structure is Dual Authority, where two individuals have the power to execute control over the group of people. Information flows through these people and reduces a boss’s control degree. This structure allows to free up time, but the added layer might slow the communication. Simple Hierarchy is another classic structure that suggests a middle manager reporting to the boss. In this case, the boss is responsible for communication with other team members through the middle man. This option limits access to authority; indeed, it is more effective than the previous structure of Dual Authority. Circle Network suggests the information flow from one team member to another; everyone can add to or change the process. This structural configuration might simplify communication, as every group member interacts directly with only two other team members. There is no boss, and every group member has equal responsibility. However, one weak element in the chain can undermine the whole process. The last structural configuration is the All-Channel Network, which is about interdependence and the involvement of every team member in the process. All-Channel Network embodies multiple connections where everyone is dependent on each other. It is about diversity and equal responsibilities; however, decisions can cause misunderstanding and extra discussion with other team members. It also might slow down the process due to multiple opinions on the same issue. This configuration is often compared to football and basketball, where the result depends on every group member. As a teacher, I am part of three teams. The first is the One Boss configuration, where I am in charge of the director. The teacher should report to the director, and the absolute authority is in the director’s bylaw. The second structure is the Simple Hierarchy, where I link my students and the director. The last configuration is All-Channel Network, where teachers build communication to reach the educational objective. The most effective structural configuration was All-Channel Network; despite some disadvantages, the decision was chosen fast. In addition, this configuration allows diverse opinions and creates multiple ideas split into one great decision. A different configuration affects the process significantly; as seen, the decision-making process’s speed and simplicity depend on the chosen configuration. For example, when it is required to decide on the spot, the One Boss configuration might be a doubtful solution. Instead, several team members will accomplish the goal faster and more efficiently. In general, many educational organizations strive to give equal abilities to each team member; it creates a friendly atmosphere and contributes to the flow of ideas within the group.

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Florence Nightingale and Leadership in Nursing Essay In the development of nursing in Europe in the 19th century, the activities of an outstanding personality, the Englishwoman Florence Nightingale, played an important role. Florence was looking for an opportunity to help the poor and the sick. At that distant time, activities related to mercy, helping those in need, were considered an occupation not worthy of a noblewoman. The young woman sacrificed personal life expensive relationships with her parents but remained faithful to her calling. Furthermore, her values and commitment allowed Florence to become a historical figure in modern nursing, to whose leadership people owe accolades for paving the way of nursing’s place in our societies. Thanks to perseverance and perseverance, in 1851, Florence entered the community of the sisters of pastor F. Flender in Germany, where she received a nursing education. Subsequently, Florence made a considerable contribution not only to the treatment of cholera help in wars but to the development of leadership and the reformation of nursing (Kim, 2020) The selfless woman became an example of service to people and a prototype of international mercy. Moreover, Florence managed to change a common thought about nobility of nursing, her leadership allowed to reestablish pivotal understanding of nursing practice. Her significance can easily be depicted on a medal with her image, which is awarded for special merits to distinguished nurses. A large role in the development of nursing abroad belongs to the international society of the Red Cross. The International Committee for Relief of the Wounded, headed by A. Dunant, convened a conference in Geneva in October 1863 with the participation of representatives of 13 countries, at which the charter of the International Organization of the Red Cross was developed, and the emblem of the society was adopted. The United States achieved tremendous success in the development of nursing in the 19th-20th centuries, when the American Medical Association was first established. (AMA) (Kim, 2020) In 1873, the first three nursing schools were opened in the USA according to the model of the F. Nightingale schools in London (Kim, 2020) Thus, the further formation of international humanitarian organizations was also primarily made possible by leaders such as Florence. Reference Kim, L. (2020). Transformational leadership: Florence Nightingale’s legacy . American Nurse.

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Food Preservation Methods and Their Classification Essay Perishable food products can be preserved for a long time by applying a preservation method to them. Boiling fruits and berries with honey or sugars, urinating, pickling, pickling, and other methods have been used by people for a long time. Food preservation has become ecologically important with difficult economic times, including the COVID-19 pandemic (Sridhar et al. 1715). Various methods of influencing microorganisms have been widely studied and have found practical use, making it possible to preserve food products without spoilage for a long time. There are several classifications of food preservation based on microbiological and spoilage mechanisms, on which it is possible to describe the main methods of preserving products. The first group includes storage methods based on the basic principle: they aim at maintaining life processes at a reduced level but with the preservation of natural immunity. This principle is based on the storage of fresh fruits and vegetables and live fish storage (Sridhar et al. 1718). In the second group are storage methods based on the principle of abiosis, which aims to destroy microbes in the product. These include pasteurization, sterilization, the use of antiseptics, antibiotics, and sonication. Storage methods based on the principle of anabiosis aim to suspend the vital activity of microbes in products. At the same time, such conditions are created under which microorganisms can remain alive but not viable. These include: creating low temperatures, removing water from the product – drying, creating a high osmotic pressure with salt sugar, increasing acidity, and creating anaerobic conditions (Sridhar et al. 1719). Finally, storage methods based on the principle of cenoanabiosis are aimed at using antagonistic relationships between microorganisms that make up the microflora of the product. At the same time, conditions are created for the development of microorganisms, which change the properties of the product in the course of their life activity to improve its nutritional and taste qualities. The waste products of these microorganisms inhibit the development of spoilage pathogens (Sridhar et al. 1726). The pickling of fruits and vegetables in fermented milk products is based on this principle. However, more innovative approaches are available today since the ones listed above have been known to history for a long time. Ultrasonic technology and ozone treatment are applied to products sensitive to heat. Even nanotechnology for food preservation is also being considered (Sridhar et al. 1726). Nanoparticles are used as antimicrobial agents or in the fight against foodborne pathogens. Ultrasound, in turn, increases the efficiency of proteins, reduces aging time, and is used for sterilization and pasteurization (Sridhar et al., 1723). Moreover, an impulsive electric field is one of the newest methods of processing products. Typically, it is applied in drying, using less time to process products (Sridhar et al. 1727). Unlike thermal drying, this method is less energy-intensive but requires more control. In addition to classifying methods according to microbiological mechanisms of action on products for their preservation, several other classifications are also distinguished in the food industry. First, each product is evaluated by its spoilage mechanism; secondly, conservation is limited to technologies related to the processing of products and their packaging. Spoilage is a natural process for foods and can be measured by the rate of spoilage and its mechanism. There are perishables, semi-perishables, and non-perishables. The first group, as a rule, includes products of animal origin – meat, eggs, dairy products, and the last – nuts, beans, oils, and flour. The spoilage mechanism includes physical effects, microbiological and chemical, which trigger the corresponding processes in the product, reducing its edibility. These mechanisms often work simultaneously, not excluding each other. Moisture content, crystallization, and temperature are the main mechanisms influencing the product (Amit et al. 10). Microbiological processes include the appearance of microorganisms and the environment in which they are convenient to multiply: such processes are usually referred to as fermentation. Chemicals include proteolysis, putrefaction, oxidation, and rancidity (Amit et al. 11). Each of the spoilage mechanisms can be stopped or suspended by various conservation methods. As a rule, the fight is against physical mechanisms, so this group has the most significant number of possible preservation methods. Pasteurization, drying, and many others – most of them have already been listed above. Biological intervention highlights only the process of fermentation; strictly speaking, fermentation is fermentation. In other words, the decomposition processes of organic substances with a lack of oxygen, which usually occur in living organisms, are natural, and the problem in preserving the product is only the need to ensure the correct course of this process (Amit et al. 12). Chemical methods involve control of the pH group and conservation. For example, canning with ethyl alcohol is used to produce semi-finished fruit juices. At an ethyl alcohol concentration of 12-16%, development is delayed, and at 18%, the vital activity of the microflora is suppressed. However, the most common application of chemical preservation methods is the packaging approach (Geueke and Muncke 491). Each material requires special processing due to the uniqueness of its properties in order to meet the requirements of sanitary safety a result. Therefore, the preservation of products is becoming increasingly important in the world. The studied classifications suggest a division according to microbiological processes and spoilage mechanisms. Both classifications offer solutions that have been used for many centuries and are innovative and relevant today. Attention is paid not only to the processing of products but also to packaging. In the future, it may be possible to extend the shelf life of perishable goods and look for more environmentally friendly and less resource-intensive processing options such as nanotechnology and ultrasound. Works Cited Amit, Sadat Kamal, et al. “A review on mechanisms and commercial aspects of food preservation and processing.” Agriculture & Food Security , vol. 6, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1-22. Geueke, Birgit, Ksenia Groh, and Jane Muncke. “Food packaging in the circular economy: Overview of chemical safety aspects for commonly used materials.” Journal of Cleaner Production , vol. 193, 2018, pp. 491-505. Sridhar, Adithya, et al. “Food preservation techniques and nanotechnology for the increased shelf life of fruits, vegetables, beverages and spices: a review.” Environmental Chemistry Letters , vol. 19, no. 2, 2021, pp. 1715-1735.

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Food Safety Modernization Act and Its Importance Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Food Safety Modernization Act and its Historical Importance 3. Food Poisoning (Foodborne Illness) 4. Causes of Food Poisoning 5. Mechanism of Food Contamination 6. FSMA will make our Food Safe 7. Conclusion 8. References Introduction As the demand by consumers for safe and suitable food increases, food safety has become critical as it results in significant sickness and economic costs to society and countries. Concerns regarding food safety have grown because of dramatic occurrences of foodborne infections, accidents, and outbreaks, as well as the use of contemporary biotechnology, pesticides, food additives, and other toxins (Oplatowska-Stachowiak & Elliott, 2017). There is rising concern regarding the safety of certain regularly used legal food colorants, as they have been substituting natural materials with artificial synthetic ones. Additionally, various colors known or suspected of having carcinogenic, mutagenic, and genotoxic qualities are added illegally to meals (Oplatowska-Stachowiak & Elliott, 2017). Because of the increasing concerns about the food safety outbreak of foodborne diseases and other food contamination in the United States, sophisticated inspection-based procedures based on accurate detection technologies are necessary to ensure that food is free of hazardous colors. This paper will argue how the Food Safety and Modernization Act has helped to prevent food supply contamination. Food Safety Modernization Act and its Historical Importance The Food Safety Modernization Act significantly overhauled the United States’ existing food safety legislation. It entails a change in emphasis from reactionary controls to preventive controls for food manufacturing, harvesting, processing, packaging, and storage. According to current statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 48 million individuals (1 in 6 Americans) get ill each year from foodborne infections, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die (CDC, 2017a). This illness is a substantial cost to public health that is generally avoidable. The FDA dramatically reduces the public health burden by reforming the Food Safety Modernization Act. For example, the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) empowers the agency to safeguard public health by upgrading the food safety system (Zhang & Seale, 2017). It allows the FDA to emphasize avoiding food safety concerns rather than resolving them after they arise. Additionally, the bill empowers the FDA with additional enforcement capabilities to increase compliance with prevention- and risk-based food safety standards and to react more effectively and control food safety concerns when they arise (Zhang & Seale, 2017). The bill provides the FDA with critical new powers to hold imported goods to the same standards as domestic foods and urges the FDA to collaborate with state and local authorities to develop an integrated national food safety system (Zhang & Seale, 2017). These are some of the ways the FSMA act increases food safety for American citizens. Developing a new food safety system centered on prevention will take time. The FDA is developing a method for implementing the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) across the nation. Exporters from developing countries must grasp the Act’s principles and apply them to avoid having their items denied at US ports of entry (Adalja & Lichtenberg, 2018). As a result, food-exporting enterprises and regulators are urged to transform their food production, handling, and export operations to comply with the Act’s standards. Similarly, the FSMA refocuses the FDA’s efforts on assuring food safety via proactive microbial contamination prevention rather than reactively responding to a problem that has already happened (Adalja & Lichtenberg, 2018). The food sector faces significant compliance issues with recent modifications to food safety laws. Thus, Growers, producers, harvesters, and processors must thoroughly understand the requirements to overcome the FSMA’s obstacles. These mechanisms demonstrate the FDA’s commitment to executing the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) standards in an open and participatory manner. Food Poisoning (Foodborne Illness) Food poisoning is one of the leading causes of disease and death in the United States. Food poisoning is caused by infectious organisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins. These pathogenic organisms or their toxins may contaminate food at any phase of processing or manufacturing due to various environmental contaminants, including water, soil, or air pollution, as well as hazardous food storage and processing (Mostafa et al., 2018). Foodborne infections may cause various disorders, including diarrhea, cancer, and gastrointestinal problems, but they can also cause neurological, gynecological, and immunological symptoms. Diarrhea is a widespread disease in all nations, while it is disproportionately burdened in low- and middle-income countries and among children under the age of five (Melese et al., 2019). Thus, foodborne sickness or food poisoning is caused by the intake of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and chemical or natural poisons such as deadly mushrooms. Causes of Food Poisoning The most obvious is the presence of pathogenic microbes in food. Raw foods are unsanitary. Contamination may occur during the cultivation, harvesting, processing, storage, shipping, and final preparation. Contamination may come from various sources, including food preparation at a restaurant or a person’s home kitchen (Watari et al., 2021). Observation of the food does not necessarily indicate its potential for causing foodborne disease. Consumption of the food does not offer information regarding the degree and kind of contamination. Rather than that, it is the result of food illness that determines the meal’s microbiologic risk potential. Microbiologic dangers include viruses, bacteria, and parasites, the most common causes of food poisoning. Microbes may contaminate food throughout the growing, harvesting, slaughtering, processing, storage, transporting, or preparation processes (Watari et al., 2021). Certain harmful germs may already be present in foods purchased. Microbes are present in a wide range of meals, including freshly prepared veggies. Likewise, if raw meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs are not kept apart from other foods, bacteria from natural foods may be transferred to other meals. Additionally, microbes may be transported from raw foods to the hands, kitchen utensils, cutting boards, and other kitchen surfaces (Melese et al., 2019). Finally, hands, utensils, cutting boards, and other elements may carry bacteria to other foods after contacting raw foods. Mechanism of Food Contamination Food contamination occurs due to the chemicals that arise in food or food components due to numerous chemical reactions. Restaurants, supermarkets, vending machines, and cafeterias, for example, are principal breeding grounds for food contamination (Greenberg, 2016). Food is transported from the farm or fishery to the dinner table via various processes. The food manufacturing chain comprises these phases, where contamination may occur at any step along the supply chain, including manufacturing, processing, distribution, and preparation (Garvey, 2019). The following are the numerous ways in which food becomes contaminated. Production includes cultivating plants for harvest and raising livestock to consume them. The bulk of the food is produced on farms or ranches using domesticated animals and crops. Certain foods, such as fish, mushrooms, and animals, are captured or harvested in the wild. Consequently, if a hen’s reproductive organs get unwell, the yolk of an egg may become contaminated prior to laying, or vice versa. If polluted water is used to irrigate fields, fruits and vegetables may become infected prior to harvest (Garvey, 2019). Another alternative is transforming plants or animals into a product, such as milk or cheese, and selling them as food. Processing varies according to the kind of food. Processing food may vary from the simple Act of washing and sorting to the more involved process of trimming, slicing, or shredding (CDC, 2017b). Milk is often pasteurized; sometimes, it is converted into cheese with the addition of roasted, chopped, or crushed nuts (such as peanut butter). Slaughter is the first stage in the processing of animals. Following that, cut or grind the meat and poultry. Additionally, they may be smoked, boiled, or frozen and combined with other ingredients to create sausages or entrées such as potpies (CDC, 2017b). Thus, if infected water or ice is used to wash, pack, or freeze fruits and vegetables, contamination may spread, or germs on the hide of an animal during the slaughter process may permeate the final meat product. Contamination of food may also occur during distribution. The process of conveying food from a farm or processing facility to a client or a food service institution such as a cafe, canteen, or institutional kitchen is distributed (CDC, 2017b). This step may involve one-time transportation of commodities, such as transporting vegetables from a farm to a neighborhood farmers’ market. Alternatively, it might be a staged procedure. For instance, frozen burger patties may be trucked from a meat factory to a famous supplier, then kept in the supplier’s warehouse for a few days before being trucked again to a restaurant chain’s local distribution hub and ultimately delivered to an individual restaurant (CDC, 2017b). Thus, if chilled food is left on a docking station in hot weather for a lengthy period, it may reach temperatures suitable for bacteria development, or if fresh produce is put in a vehicle that has not been washed after carrying animals or animal products, it may get contaminated. Preparation is the last process through which food may get contaminated. The term “preparation” refers to transforming food into a consumable form. This step may occur in a restaurant’s kitchen, a private house, or an organization (CDC, 2017b). It could involve following a complicated recipe with multiple components, simply heating and arranging food on a casserole, or simply opening a bundle and eating the meal; thus, whether a food worker remains on the job while ill and does not thoroughly rinse their hands after using the restroom, they can transmit the disease by coming into contact while cooking. Similarly, if a chef cuts raw chicken on a chopping board or knife and then uses the same board or knife to slice vegetables for a salad without cleaning it, the vegetables might get infected with chicken germs. FSMA will make our Food Safe Despite it all coming down to our hygiene and sanitation, FSMA has made the extra step to ensure it is safe before the food reaches the citizen. Based on the analysis of the FSMA, what are food poisoning, and the various mechanism of food contamination, the following are ways how FSMA guarantees food safety: The FSMA requires the Food and Drug Administration to guarantee that importers adhere to US regulatory standards and that the food is safe for human consumption. This adherence entails enforcing policies like importer accountability, which require importers to check that their suppliers have sufficient safeguards to ensure the safety of the food they produce (Hamburg, 2011). Additionally, the FDA is required to implement a procedure requiring qualified third parties to verify that their food complies with US-set criteria and is safe for human consumption, where the third parties who certify high-risk goods provide a certificate of assurance of compliance (Zhang & Seale, 2017). Similarly, the voluntary qualified importer’s program requires the FDA to implement thorough food screening and entry and reject entrance to food that has been denied FDA access at their facilities or by the nation in which the facilities are situated (Acheson, 2015). These rules have aided the FSMA and FDA in ensuring the safety of American society’s food. Apart from implementing policies to ensure food safety, the Food Safety Modernization Act requires the FDA to have the tools necessary to react effectively to any concerns. The Act dramatically strengthens the FDA’s capacity to regulate the millions of food items imported to the United States each year (Hamburg, 2011). These include mandatory recalls, which need the FDA to remove tainted food from the market if the manufacturer fails to do so freely. Similarly, the FSMA has the jurisdiction to seize items that breach the law and even suspend a facility’s registration if the food produced results in significant sickness or death. FSMA protects American citizens’ food safety by requiring firms that handle high-risk foods to maintain records of when a particular product was created, processed, and packaged. Maintaining records enables the FDA to investigate and identify the guilty party after an occurrence (Rock et al., 2019). The Food Safety Modernization Act’s provisions have guaranteed that Americans have access to safe foods. In the United States, the Food Safety Modernization Act has lowered the cost of treating food poisoning infections. For example, it places a premium on prevention rather than treatment; as a result, the majority of food poisonings are discovered sooner and treated before wreaking havoc on human lives (Kaylegian, 2021). Similarly, the FSMA has increased public awareness of food contamination in general, making many people learn how to handle food to avoid illness properly. This initiative has been accomplished via training programs offered at the federal and state levels of government. Additionally, the FSMA guarantees that fruits and vegetables are gathered correctly and that the use of specific machinery and chemical fertilizers that are harmful to certain plants and animals is restricted (Zhang & Seale, 2017). As a result of FSMA, companies responsible for growing, producing, packing, storing, importing, and transporting our food are now taking actual actions to limit the risk of contamination daily (Yiannas, 2021). Thus, this helps to prevent food poisoning by raising the grade of food items and eliminating low-quality foods that cause food poisoning and diseases such as cancer. Through FSMA, substandard food items are now clearly detectable during the inspection, requiring manufacturers to maintain a high standard of cleanliness. Conclusion The adoption of sophisticated inspection-based procedures based on accurate detection technologies by the Food Safety Modernization Act and the Food and Drug Administration has changed the lives of many Americans. These inspections apply to US citizens and many countries where, through the law’s implementation, food processed within the state and foreign countries has been inspected, which has prevented unnecessary life loss. It has also created partnerships at the federal and state levels that have geared the health sector toward achieving its goals through food inspection. Similarly, food facilities have increased the standards of their products and minimized the chances of massive life loss. As a result, the Food Safety Modernization Act and the Food and Drug Administration have helped reduce the supply of contaminated food and, hence, make American citizens’ food safer. References Acheson, D. (2015). Will FSMA make a difference? Food Safety News. Web. Adalja, A., & Lichtenberg, E. (2018). Implementation challenges of the food safety modernization act: Evidence from a national survey of produce growers. Food Control , 89 , 62-71. Web. Adalja, A., & Lichtenberg, E. (2018). Produce growers’ cost of complying with the Food Safety Modernization Act. Food Policy , 74 , 23-38. Web. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2017a). Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 2015, annual report . Atlanta, Georgia: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Web. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2017b). The Food Production Chain. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (DFWED). Web. Garvey, M. (2019). Food pollution: A comprehensive review of chemical and biological sources of food contamination and impact on human health. Nutrire , 44 (1), 1-13. Web. Greenberg, E. F. (2016). All Foodborne Illness is Local—or much of it anyway. ProFood World . All foodborne illness is local—or much of it anyway | ProFood World Hamburg, M.A. (2011). Food Safety Modernization Act: Putting the focus on prevention . Whitehouse. Web. Kaylegian, K., E. (2021). The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) . Pennstate Extention. Web. Melese, B., Paulos, W., Astawesegn, F. H., & Gelgelu, T. B. (2019). Prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among under-five children in Dale District, Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health , 19 (1), 1-10. Web. Mostafa, A. A., Al-Askar, A. A., Almaary, K. S., Dawoud, T. M., Sholkamy, E. N., & Bakri, M. M. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases. Saudi Journal Of Biological Sciences , 25 (2), 361-366. Web. Oplatowska-Stachowiak, M., & Elliott, C. T. (2017). Food colors: Existing and emerging food safety concerns. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition , 57 (3), 524-548. Web. Rock, C. M., Brassill, N., Dery, J. L., Carr, D., McLain, J. E., Bright, K. R., & Gerba, C. P. (2019). Review of water quality criteria for water reuse and risk-based implications for irrigated produce under the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, produce safety rule. Environmental research , 172 , 616-629. Web. Watari, T., Tachibana, T., Okada, A., Nishikawa, K., Otsuki, K., Nagai, N.,… & Amano, Y. (2021). A review of food poisoning caused by local food in Japan. Journal of General and Family Medicine , 22 (1), 15-23. Web. Yiannas, F. (2021). The FDA Food Safety Modernization Act at 10: Reflecting on Our Progress and the Path Forward. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Web. Zhang, L., & Seale, J. (2017). Food Security and the Food Safety Modernization Act. In World Agricultural Resources and Food Security . Emerald Publishing Limited. Web.

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Food Waste in American Hospitals Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Summary of Literature 3. Development and Presentation of Argument 4. Refutations of Counterclaims 5. Nursing Role in Promotion of the Affected Population 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction All hospitals are concerned with the quality of the services they offer to their clients due to the implications on patient satisfaction. The topic of concern in this paper is food waste and how it affects one or more elements of patient satisfaction, including the overall food experience within the hospitals. Food waste is a major problem for all countries in the world. Regarding the targeted population, food waste is an important issue since it can be an indicator of food and foodservice quality, which then translates into the overall patient experience. Hospitals seemingly lack proper policies to regulate food preparation and service. Additionally, most of the policy issues seem to revolve around nutrition without paying much attention to the expectations and perceptions of patients on hospital food. The argument presented in this paper is that hospitals need to develop better food management policies to help improve the patient experience. Summary of Literature There is an emerging body of literature on food waste in hospitals and its effects on patient and health outcomes. Some of the scholars have undertaken to illustrate why food waste in hospitals is a major problem. For example, a case study of three hospitals in Southern Italy showed that the total amount of food wasted was about 41.6% (Schiavone et al., 2019, p. 1). Additionally, the study also showed which types of food were more likely to be wasted where side plates comprising vegetables and potatoes recorded 55% wastage (Schiavone et al., 2019, p. 1). Even though this case study is conducted in Europe, many hospitals across the world exhibit similar trends with most of the food served remaining uneaten and disposed. Therefore, the implications on these trends are twofold: first, the quality of food is undesirable to patients and, second, the quantity served is excessive. Either way, the immediate impacts include operational costs of the food produced and served, in addition to the overall impacts on the environment. Other studies focus on examining the relationship between food waste and patient outcomes in hospitals. According to Schiavone et al. (2020), patient satisfaction indicates the quality of healthcare, and expectation is a critical determinant of patient satisfaction. Additionally, the food wasted by hospitalized patients can be used as an indicator of healthcare quality. This interrelationship between food waste, patient expectation, and perceived quality of healthcare means that hospitals face a significant challenge. The study by Schiavone et al. (2020) was undertaken in gynecology and obstetrics wards. However, the findings can be generalized across all care settings where patients are hospitalized and where part of the services involve food. Even in other settings where food is served, consumers’ expectations and the quality of the food and food service determine the decision to finish the food. The same applies to hospitals where patients will only finish the food they like and discard most of what they do not like. With the extent of the problem identified and its relationship to patient outcomes determined, other studies have explored how policies, measures, and strategies are used to address the problem. For instance, a study by Strotmann et al. (2017, p. 1) examines food provided and wasted in three hospitals before and after they implemented measures to control food waste. The reduction was significant where the residential homes recorded 21.4% before and 13.4% after. Similarly, cafeterias recorded a reduction from 19.8% to 12.8% (Strotmann et al., 2017, p. 1). An almost similar study by McCray et al. (2018) examined how improved services affected nutritional intake, increased patient satisfaction, and reduced food waste and the costs associated with it. The findings indicated that costs declined by 15% while food waste reduced from 29% to 12% (McCray et al., 2018, p. 284). With these studies, it is evident that even hospitals have recognized the extent of the problem and are keen to implement the necessary measures. Development and Presentation of Argument Food waste in hospitals is a major problem that affects the patient population and the environment. The complexity of the issue is manifested by the fact that food waste is an indicator of patient satisfaction, which is achieved through the quality of the food and foodservice. The statistics presented above indicate that food waste in hospitals is a serious problem and that measures to address it are valid and practical. The argument presented here is that hospitals can do a better job in minimizing food waste, which helps serve the target population better. As mentioned earlier, the amount of food wasted hints at two possibilities, one of which is poor quality food that patients dislike. In this case, improving nutritional value will help improve patients’ nutritional intake. Additionally, the health outcomes of patients will be better as a result of improved care. Another possibility hinted in the literature review is excessive amounts of food served, in this case, the argument made is that food waste translated into higher operational costs. Reducing wastage allows the funds to be allocated to other operations that help improve patient care. For example, money saved can be invested in improving the conditions of the facilities. Lastly, minimizing food should help address food insecurity in the United States, in addition to helping in the efforts to protect the environment. The argument is supported by the presumption that food saved can be consumed elsewhere or donated to communities that need the support. Similarly, food saved can reduce production scales, which helps save the environment. The bottom line is that addressing food waste in hospitals is a significant step towards improving both food security and environmental initiatives. Refutations of Counterclaims A counter argument can be made that hospitals present only a small proportion of the broader problem of food waste in the country. However, there are hundreds of hospitals and related facilities, including care homes and hospital cafeterias, that are all involved in serving food to patients and hospital staff. The total tonnage of the food wasted by hospitals alone could easily reach millions of tons. These figures are significant to indicate that the country will benefit greatly from efforts by hospitals to reduce food wastage. Nursing Role in Promotion of the Affected Population The role of nursing in food waste reduction in hospitals is critical to the success of any efforts and strategies implemented by the facilities. First, nurses are responsible for most of the services offered to patients. These include serving the food and preparation of the relevant diets for different patients. Therefore, nurses can develop a framework that helps caterers to prepare the right amount of food and nutrition tailored for specific patients. In this case, nurses are fully aware of how much food a patient needs to consume, which means that they can prescribe specific amounts. In other words, the hospital menus for patients can be designed with the help of nurses. Such an effort makes sure that only specified amounts of food are procured, prepared, and served. An important point to clarify is that food wasted in hospitals also includes that served to hospital staff. Nurses can help reduce this waste by implementing a food policy that requires zero waste. For example, nurses can be required to order amounts they are sure to finish. Other measures may include taxing any wastage or donating any excess food to the deserving populations. Regardless of the measures taken, nursing plays a critical role in ensuring that policies and codes of conduct related to food are observed by all personnel. An important role in the creation of awareness to both the hospital staff and patients so that all stakeholders acknowledge the problem and play their respective roles in implementing the necessary measures. Conclusion All industries and sectors are responsible for the environment and all issues related to it. Therefore, the issue of food waste is important to the nursing profession since nurses are part of it and are in a position to pursue a positive change in food waste trends. Assuming that food waste can be reduced to zero, then nurses will have successfully contributed to the country’s food security and environmental preservation. Most importantly, the framework and strategies used can be copied by other sectors where food waste is a major problem, including schools and restaurants, and any other establishment that handles food. References McCray, S., Mauder, K., Krikowa, R., & MacKenzie, K. (2018). Room service improves nutritional intake and increases patient satisfaction while decreasing food waste and cost. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 118 (2), 284-293. Web. Schiavone, S., Pelullo, C., & Attena, F. (2019). Evaluation of food waste in three hospitals in Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (22), 1-10. Web. Schiavone, S., Pistone, M., Finale, E., Guala, A., & Attena, F. (2020). Patient satisfaction and food waste in obstetrics and gynecology wards. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14 , 1381-1388. Web. Strotmann, C., Friedrich, S., Kreyenschmidt, J., Teitscheid, P., & Ritter, G. (2017). Comparing food provided and wasted before and after implementing measures against food waste in three healthcare food service facilities. Sustainability, 9 (8), 1-18. Web.

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Framing Class, Vicarious Living, and Conspicuous Consumption: Analysis Essay (Critical Writing) Diana Kendall claims the current perception of the class has been a construct of the media and based on the construction, the meaning of class is determined. Kendall argues that the media has legitimized inequality in the United States through the assumption, with television programs and newspaper articles creating and reifying class-based stereotypes. Furthermore, Kendall argues that class discussions in the media are rarely explicit; however, their portrayals generate perspectives that impact human behavior. The upper class in society is portrayed positively, while the lower class is framed negatively. On the one hand, the upper class contains individuals that should be emulated, comprised of caring and generous people, and those with criminal records have remarkably good lives (Kendall 10). On the other hand, the lower class is framed as homeless, poor, largely ignored by the media, and often discussed as abstract statistics. As such, when casting a human face, the demographics of the poor determine how they are framed. The quality of life may deteriorate from the understanding that as the media focuses on the upper class’s viewpoints and gives voice to their concerns, it neglects the concerns of lower-class members. The conveyed class discourses by the media, including constructions of the homeless and the poor, portrays a lifestyle inflicted by laziness, diseases, crime, and substance abuse (Kendall 94). The dehumanized statistics associated with personalized suffering portray people detached from the broader contributing factors like unemployment, ignorance, laziness, or otherwise responsible people for their misfortunes (Kendall 94). Therefore, courtesy of the detachment, the life quality of the low-class individuals continues to deteriorate since the uneducated and the poor’s needs are overlooked. With attention given to upper-class individuals, the needs of the poor are not voiced; therefore, their lives continue to be exposed to deterioration risks. Work Cited Kendall, Diana. “Framing Class, Vicarious Living, and Conspicuous Consumption.” (2016): 21-46.

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Franchisee Owner and Treat Team Member Jobs Essay It should be noted that the Undercover Boss episode of Rita’s Ice showcases the interaction of the company CEO, Linda L. Chadwick, with several of her franchisees. The selected job positions for the analysis are franchisee owner and treat team member. The first job position is franchisee owner based on the example of Hezrron, and the second one is a treat team member position based on the example of Pastiche. The analysis shows that the first job position requires a wide range of entrepreneurial skills and abilities since the franchise owner is practically a business owner who needs to adhere to the corporate standards. The second position is solely focused on cashier responsibilities, which puts an emphasis on human interactions as well as the ability to conduct financial transactions. The similarity of the two positions is manifested in the fact that financial competence and communication skills are critical in both cases. However, the first position also requires additional operational and organizational management capabilities. The data collection for each job position analysis utilizes one-on-one interviews on-site, which means that both practical observations and additional questioning can be done. The key challenges and issues can also be derived on site since the interview is being conducted while the job positions are being performed. Job Description 1 Job title: Franchise owner Location: Toms River, New Jersey Terms: Full time About us: Rita’s Ice is a restaurant chain based in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, which was founded in 1984. Our products include specialty creations, frozen custard, and Italian ice. We serve in 540 different locations all across the United States. About the role: As a franchise owner, you are responsible for managing, leading, and supervising one of Rita’s Ice restaurants. Responsibilities: * Ensure profitable operation of a restaurant * Adhere to the corporate standards of operations * Manage inventory, and prepare the product on site * Implement the core business elements with the use of the company’s resources * Hire and assemble the team of employees Candidate requirements: * Be able to work from 12 pm to 9 pm * Communication skills, financial management skills, operational management skills Job Description 2 Job title: Treat team member Location: Orlando, Florida Terms: Full time About us: Rita’s Ice is a restaurant chain based in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, which was founded in 1984. Our products include specialty creations, frozen custard, and Italian ice. We serve in 540 different locations all across the United States. About the role: As a treat team member, you are responsible for greeting and communicating with customers and conducting payment transactions. Responsibilities: * Ensure accurate payment transactions * Work with cash register * Hand the customers’ products to the customers Candidate requirements: * Be able to work from 12 pm to 9 pm * Communication skills, ability to work with cash register In conclusion, the job description and analyses comply with state and federal regulations because they adhere to the Fair Labor Standards Act, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission standards, and state employment laws. The work hours are provided in accordance with The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) (U.S. Department of Labor par. 4). The requirements and specifications do not discriminate in accordance with U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission standards (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission par. 3). The positions do not discriminate against people with disabilities in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (U.S. Department of Justice par. 2). Therefore, the job descriptions are based on the information collected from the on-site interactions and interviews, and the jobs descriptions do not violate federal or state laws. Works Cited U.S. Department of Justice. The Current ADA Regulations . Civil Rights Division, 2022. Web. U.S. Department of Labor. Wages and the Fair Labor Standards Act . Wage and Hour Division, 2022. Web. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Laws & Guidance . EEOC Headquarters, 2022. Web.

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Frankenstein’s Monster: Analysis Essay Although the Monster can be considered a bad character due to murdering people, the creature has good traits as well. The Monster is described as ugly and strong but at the same time, inexperienced. Firstly, Frankenstein’s creature is described as “its gigantic structure and the deformity of its aspect … instantly informed me that it was the wretch” (Shelley). Despite his ugly and terrifying appearance, the subject did not have the intention to kill people. The creature can be compared to a baby who tries to examine the world it lives in, and its actions are just contractions to the cruelty of the world. Frankenstein’s monster is not a real monster; it just seeks love and attention that the world cannot give him. The creature’s emotionalism is a positive feature as it allows it to understand people’s feelings and share them. The “Gothic” elements of the novel include supernatural motives, the architecture from the Middle Ages, and the spiritual aspects of human nature. Other “Gothic” elements consist of the strive for knowledge, the Monster, and the probable moral fall of men. I like that genre because I like looking at diverse issues from various perspectives. This novel allows me to look at the actions of Victor Frankenstein and the Monster and understand their motives and feelings. I also appreciate novels that aim to show moral aspects of society with the utilization of different symbols, such as the Monster. Mary Shelley’s husband believed that inappropriate social relationships are the result of people becoming evil. To make people bad, other representatives of society should reject them and make them feel useless or bad. I agree with this opinion, as people’s intentions are generally based on their experience of social interactions. If society treats people as if they were misconducts, there is no reason to try to be good or fit in. I believe that one of the integral themes of the novel is loneliness. The Monster aimed to integrate into society; however, people met him with disgust, fear, hatred, and all the spectrum of negative emotions. Hence, the creature turned to evil because of the feeling of loneliness. Nowadays, society often tries to isolate individuals who do not view the world the same as most people do. This feature often leads to the feeling of being lost and lonely. Work Cited Shelley, Mary. “Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley: Frankenstein of the Modern Prometheus.” The Literature Page . Web.

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Freedom of the Press in the Context of UAE Essay Press freedom is an essential part of the right that communities enjoy in the modern world. It gives the people the ability to understand the insight of the government and other crucial activities happening within the country. Liberty of media through forms such as electronics and social media promotes transparency in the government’s operations and also creates a criticism of the roles it plays in ensuring it serves citizens accordingly. Despite the advantages of having reporters, some nations have policies and constitutions that limit what they are supposed to cover and report. If the media goes against the regulations, their freedom is withdrawn and the respective individual subjected to the court of law. In the United Arabs Emirates (UAE), the free will of publication and expression is connected to some limitation that makes it sensitive. To be able to unveil the truth on significant matters, journalism liberty should be expressed freely. In UAE, the freedom of opinion expression and other forms of communications are subject to the law, making it challenging for the media to publish some information that the regulation prohibits. The country does not allow any form of media to criticize the government and other allied nations. The restriction makes it difficult for journalists to report some critical affairs the nation is undertaking or expose unlawful actions in practice. This makes the government have restrictive measures to protect its interest from the though stipulated laws. Federal law No. 15 of 1980 does not allow any individual to publish and share anything before obtaining permission from the authority. Article 14 of the law concerning publication does not allow the printing media to publish any material for any party that does not bear UAE nationality (Younies & Na, 2020). It is mandatory to seek authorization from responsible bodies to produce the documents. Furthermore, the authority decides what type of journal to be printed for selling in the country. Similarly, the law does not allow anybody to distribute the newspapers and other forms of publications within public settings or along main roads without approval from proper authority. The law permits the authority to perform editing to the printed materials through deleting or covering the sensitive parts that are not allowed to be published. Before distributing the materials to the public, both at the national and international level, print houses are required to present a sample of the journals to the authority for verification (Shishkina & Issaev, 2018). In case the media house produces a journal and its content contain what is not allowed to be printed, the authorization will be denied, or immediate censorship is performed to remove the section. Even though the UAE constitution allows freedom of expression where it links it with the country’s law, the regulation does not permit the liberty of communication. Media can publish any material but with adherence to the requirements (“UA E’s Constitution of 1971 with Amendments through 2004”, 2017). In UAE, the only publication the print houses and journalists are free to share is pro-government documents and voices. Anything that goes against the authority needs approval and possible editing before airing or sharing through social platforms. In 2012, UAE formulated a law to help in combating the effect of cybercrime in the country. In relation to the Federal Decree No.5 of 2012, the legislature has taken advantage of the bylaw to enhance its restrictive measures on the freedom of media (Younies & Na, 2020). The regulation limits the liberty of expression and publication of documents that are against the religion, ruling authority, and other sensitive aspects that the government protects. This makes the decree have negative impacts on the country’s print houses and journalism practices. Dissemination of information and images that are perceived to put in danger the security and interrupt the public order attracts heavy punishment to the respective reporter. Various news reporters in the country have been arrested and persecuted concerning violation of the penal codes set by the UAE authorities. This practice makes the journalists lose their rights and freedoms in the country (Zayadin, 2021). Both local and international correspondents who go against the requirement can be charged and sentenced to prison for violating the regulations. The oppression media receives makes it difficult to exercise their freedom of the press, which results in the publication of distorted information for public consumption. In the country, journalists are not allowed to publish information about private individuals. According to federal law No. 3, media is only allowed to print any information with the consent of the targeted person. This regulation is aimed at preventing damage to the reputation of people in the country (“Supervision Policy,” 2022). It, therefore, becomes challenging for the press to freely express their opinions about the respected individuals in the nation. In the current world of technology, people easily publish and access information through online platforms. This can lead to the circulation of misleading information that can cause harm to the public order or targeted individual. With the restrictive measures in place, destructive news cannot find its way to interfere with the security system and wellbeing of the people. Having the penalties, individuals would restrain from taking advantage of the technology to tarnish the image and reputation of the government and other persons. The practice is important in limiting cybercrime activities that can harm the victims mentally and financially. Increased technology exposes citizens to various dangers from preys willing to extort innocent citizens their rights. Keeping in check what is happening in the media platform would reduce possible exploitation such as blackmail through accessing images and sensitive information of someone. Therefore, government intervention plays a significant role in managing the threats making the public have a private life. In summary, UAE’s constitution has not provided firm ground for the rights and freedom of journalists. The lack of clarity makes it challenging for print houses to operate and offer their services effectively in the country. Limiting the freedom of the press reduces access to vital information and promotes the secrecy of the government from reaching the people. Such federal laws as Federal Decree No. 5 of 2012 deny the media freedom of publishing materials about individuals without their consent. Similarly, the constitution guarantees the liberty to communicate using any form of media but subjects the freedom to the law. The country’s authorities are allowed to exercise censorship of the published materials before their distribution to the public. Violation of the penal regulations may attract heavy punishment on the journalists and media houses. In this age of technology, repressive measures are essential in ensuring the protection of the citizens from the effects of cybercrime activities that might destroy reputations. References Shishkina, A., & Issaev, L. (2018). Internet censorship in Arab countries: Religious and moral aspects . Religions , 9 (11), 358. Web. Supervision Policy. (2022). Web. United Arab Emirates’s Constitution of 1971 with amendments through 2004. (2017). Web. Younies, H., & Na, T. (2020). Effect of cybercrime laws on protecting citizens and businesses in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Journal of Financial Crime . https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2020-0055 Zayadin, H. (2021). The persecution of Ahmed Mansoor . Human Rights Watch. Web.

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Freedom of the Press in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Essay The jurisdiction of the journalism operations is dictated by the constitution of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). According to Öztunc & Pierre (2021), the UAE is ranked 119 in the global press freedom data, classifying the country as one of the most suppressive regarding the liberty of expression. Activities such as government censorship, bad press, limitation of journalistic opinions, and sanction threats are examples of oppressive measures to freedom. Various agencies, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MoFAIC), have created proactive measures to portray press freedom (United Nations, 2021). However, the restrictions such as judicial harassment and censorship indicate a significant gap (Constitution, 2004). The reason is that the constitution is the only major directive that is binding, offering no absolute rights. Therefore, the advantages of giving partial liberty to journalistic activities are to maintain peace, control the media, and protect the repressive regime’s interests. The freedom of independent reporting is the first indicator of press rights. The UAE’s rank in the global mark index portrays a system afraid of journalistic independence. This factor indicates that freedom is suppressed to ensure that the government controls everything on communication and information sharing (Öztunc & Pierre, 2021). According to Momen et al. (2020), half of the media fatalities occur in countries not at war. The UAE is known for business establishment and unmatched infrastructure, indicating high levels of peace and prosperity (Öztunc & Pierre, 2021). However, the right to expression is limited by the constitution that is ironically supposed to protect their freedom. A story published by the Canberra Times news coverage depicts the level of repressive legislation against the media. Prosecutors in the UAE charged a sports journalist for leaking pre-match comments before the match between the country’s team and Iraq commenced (The Canberra Times, 2021). The journalist was then imprisoned after being convicted of hate speech and disruption of public peace. It remains unclear how his reporting was a hate speech considering the fact that he was reporting about the probability of a win, lose or draw in that world cup qualifier match. Through this incident, other broadcasters were also fired as punishment for disloyalty to the nation (The Canberra Times, 2021). Article 30 of the UAE constitution indicates that freedom of expression shall be granted verbally, in writing, or within the limits of the law (Constitution, 2004). It is accurate to argue that the sports journalist had not defied the law since they were giving their opinion considering the description of this law. However, federal law no. 5 of 2012 indicates that sarcasm, defamation, and upsetting the public order through sensitive expression is illegal and can attract a jail term (Constitution, 2004). This statute creates a thin line between what is legal or unethical since the basis of judgment will depend on who is offended. The constitution’s provisions have created a leeway for oppression by justifying censorship, bad press, and limiting opinions to protect individual interests. The importance of this system is to fake justice through the partial implementation of the mandate prescribed (Öztunc & Pierre, 2021). Such fragmented provisions enable the government to falsify, distort or conceal information concerning matters directly affecting its citizens for political mileage (Constitution, 2004). For instance, most media platforms in the UAE have not intensively addressed the issue of journalists’ unfair imprisonment, judicial executions, and deportation for fear of being punished, as indicated in the law (Momen, 2020). Such patterns have enabled the killings, torture, and harassment of media personnel’s an underreported plaque resulting in the surging number of deaths and imprisonment reported in the country. It is illegal to criticize the government, its affiliates, or any constitutional monarch or governing authorities. The Federal Law Code, no. 15 of 1980, is a statute governing privacy to journalistic commentaries and Publication and is one of the most stringent laws in the Arab world (Constitution, 2004). The regulation allows for censorship and the prior distribution of national and international periodicals. The code justifies the reason for the scanty resources available addressing the extrajudicial killings occurring in this country. Through this censorship, harassment thrives, making it easier for the government to popularize propaganda and sustain authority. Ideally, freedom of the press should include the right to publish articles without being monitored and provide journalistic commentaries. The importance of such a system is to support better governance, eradicate impunity, and promote factual knowledge. When the media depicts information with accurate data, citizens can identify issues in government and communicate them for overall societal change (Momen, 2020). They can also use accurate information to promote justice by calling offenders to face the law despite their status quo. For example, even the president can be jailed in some countries if they violate the law (Momen, 2020). Such processes are promoted by factual reporting that is not influenced by external factors. Additionally, independent reporting promotes factual knowledge by disseminating information that supports a unified awareness system. Therefore, the importance of partial freedom of expression in the press is to serve the interests of governing officials since they control all information displayed to the public through strict limitations (Momen, 2020). Despite all the negative effects of this censorship, one advantage is that it has promoted peace, considering most of the evil done by people in government is not published or condemned in public. This suppression system has supported the federation of absolute monarchies by enabling all of them to get away with everything they do, considering they are above the law (Momen, 2020). Moreover, the constitution protects them by imposing lethal sanctions on those who defy federal law no. 3, amended in 1987 (Constitution, 2004). This penal code law prohibits the press from publishing any information about the country’s rulers without consent. This limitation indicates that even if a ruler is involved in a graft case, the public will only get to know this crime if the ruler agrees that the allegations be published. Therefore, citizens have been left in the dark considering that commenting or publishing information concerning the rulers could attract a defamation lawsuit, which has promoted peace. The advantage of partial freedom of the press is promoting governance and peace within the country. The reason is that, in the contemporary world, people understand their rights and would push for reform in case they notice any misappropriations in their governing systems. Therefore, censorship and judicial threats have controlled how the media portray certain individuals considering that the constitution protects them. Laws such as federal law code no. 15 of 1980 require that all public publications pass through a government editing system to ensure that none of the things written tarnishes their image. Many other laws protect the rulers’ interest, including federal law no. 5 of 2012, which threatens those who slander the government’s image. This situation raises curiosity about whether the constitution is for the people or an extension to protect the government. References Constitution of 1971 with amendments through 2004 . (2004). Web. Momen, M. N. (2020). Myth and reality of freedom of expression on the Internet . International Journal of Public Administration , 43(3), 277-281. Web. Öztunc, M., & Pierre, M. H. (2021). Analysis of the obstacles to the freedom and independence of the media in the world and Turkey. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET , 20 (1), 1-9. The Canberra Times. (2021). Sports journalist imprisoned in Dubai . Web. United Nations. (2021). Universal declaration of human rights . Web.

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Fundamental Management Principles in the Enron Case Essay (Article) Improper management and decision-making by Enron led to great problems. Because of this, it is particularly necessary to study the fundamental principles of company management. They emphasize three most important aspect such as the planning, organization, and control of activities. Based on this information, management planning is a valuable part of the functioning of the organization. However, it may change the fact that not all changes and decisions of the company can be met without resistance from employees. Another performance indicator is the relationship between management’s performance and employees’ perception and organization. This aspect plays a unique role for the organization since good employee relationships and diversity in the workplace are critical for making the most profit. Communication and various barriers associated with multiculturalism can affect the inability to increase the performance indicators of employees. This may manifest itself in the impossibility of adequate and correct communication of people among themselves, which requires the introduction of special measures to unite the team. Among them, the first may be the creation of a favorable atmosphere in the workplace (Lan et al., 2020). This measure implies the introduction of various team-building practices and the division of work tasks between groups. Management Plan Recommendations First of all, it should be emphasized that with the help of the fundamental principles of management, the company can not only improve its key performance indicators and profits but also gain a leading position in the market. In addition, it will help in creating comfortable conditions for employees and will have a positive impact on the decision-making process and result in increased performance. Factors that can negatively affect management are the lack of qualification of specialists, resistance on the part of employees, and the unwillingness of the company to change for the better. An essential step in the implementation of fundamental principles is organization and phasing to avoid negative consequences. Maintaining and monitoring the application of ethical principles to fundamental aspects of management is also critically important for business. For a better understanding of this process, it is necessary to take into account the rational decision-making model. It assumes that employees will work to increase benefits for themselves and the company while minimizing costs (Koechlin, 2020). Therefore, monitoring can mainly be carried out using surveys or analysis of key performance indicators for a given period of time. Conclusion Management changes, which are based on the fundamental principles of management, can have a significant positive impact on organizational success. Their implementation can also significantly affect the efficiency of the staff and bring the company a leading position among competitors. For example, such a principle as a discipline can be implemented as harsh measures, such as fines and reprimands, or by spreading awareness on this topic through training with employees. Another vital principle may be the unity of command principle, which implies that an individual employee should receive tasks from only one boss at a time. In addition, this employee must provide the results of the work done only to the designated supervisor. Thus, the possibility of demanding situations for the staff is limited. However, with incorrect implementation, the pessimistic mood of people in the company can significantly increase, and the level of resistance will increase. Thus, other fundamental principles can help with solving this problem quickly and productively. In conclusion, it is worth emphasizing that management makes it possible to better cope with workplace situations and reduce the harmful consequences for the company. References Koechlin, E. (2020). Human decision-making beyond the rational decision theory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24 (1), 4-6. Web. Lan, Y. L., Huang, W. T., Kao, C. L., & Wang, H. J. (2020). The relationship between organizational climate, job stress, workplace burnout, and retention of pharmacists. Journal of Occupational Health, 62 (1), e12079. Web.

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Future and Potential Problems in Automatic Data Processing Report Future Directions Based on a detailed review of the corporation, it is worth identifying clear vectors for future development. First of all, Automatic Data Processing makes software for managing the HR side of enterprises. This includes outsourcing of personnel management through the ADP TotalSource cloud platform, payment of salaries. In both segments, the company receives revenue from interest from the placement of client money in the bank. The company manages the payroll of clients, and until the employees of the serviced enterprises receive a salary, Automatic Data Processing can dispose of this money, this brings 3.7% of the company’s revenue. The latest report does not provide information on overseas sales (Bauer et al., 2019, p. 77). The Fiscal Year 2019 report indicated that overseas sales accounted for 14.2% of the company’s revenue, with the remainder being done in the US. The combination of the above facts suggests that the company needs to move towards attracting customers and investors. At the same time, it should be noted that Automatic Data Processing has extremely effective tools for fulfilling such goals. Given that the company is tied to HR, investors expected a powerful drop in profits and revenues in the second, coronavirus quarter, when most of the economy was quarantined. According to the annual report, the company has approximately 810,000 customers, none of which contribute more than 2% of its revenue (Bauer et al., 2019, p. 98). This is an essential key because it strengthens ADP’s bargaining position: big clients like to haggle and demand big discounts. In addition, there is another vital vector for the development of a corporation, namely technology. The bottom line is that at the moment the atmosphere in our country is favorable for the potential of corporations working remotely. The same affects Automatic Data Processing, which needs to be given maximum attention in modernization. In addition, technology allows not only to improve existing products but also to create new ones (Wolters Kluwer Editorial Staf, 2021). However, it is worth emphasizing that it is expensive and unprofitable to do it yourself, therefore it is intertwined with the previous goal. Finally, companies should pay attention to the process of connecting organizations, that is, combining them into common databases. In this case, the quality of the services provided by the organization will not suffer, but the costs of maintaining Internet resources will significantly decrease. Potential Problems and Recommendations Despite the stability and growth of the company, it is worth noting that it is worth considering potential problems that you may encounter. It’s important to note that while the company doesn’t disclose what percentage of SMB revenue it generates, it’s easy to assume it’s very high. Of the company’s 810,000 clients, 640,000 are small businesses, 70,000 are medium and large, and 500 are large corporations (Allman-Ward & Allman-Ward, 2018, p. 64). Another 65 thousand are companies outside the United States, probably quite large. In general, Automatic Data Processing certainly earns the main money in small enterprises. According to a survey by the American National Federation of Independent Enterprises (NFIB), American entrepreneurs need help. 22% of entrepreneurs plan to start dismissing workers after money issued by the US government will end. Because of this, the revenue of Automatic Data Processing will decrease, which will slow down the development in the field of technology. The threat may be an increase in the number of enterprises that have closed permanently. Here everything will depend on the outcome of the debates of legislators in the US. In the long term, of course, they have shown a willingness to support small and medium-sized businesses, but the debate may drag on, especially in connection with the escalation of political confrontation in the United States. If aid arrives late or its volume is less than necessary, real mass bankruptcies of enterprises will begin. Automatic Data Processing pays $3.64 in dividends per share per year (Bauer et al., 2019, p. 74). With a share price of $133 dollars, it turns out 2.7% per annum, which is not bad, but dividend payments are 94.1% of the company’s profit (Allman-Ward & Allman-Ward, 2018, p. 103). At the same time, according to the latest report, Automatic Data Processing has large debts: 33.413 billion dollars of debt against 4.368 billion dollars at the disposal of the company (Allman-Ward & Allman-Ward, 2018, p. 111). If ADP decides to cut or cancel dividends, then the stock will fall even lower than it is now and will slowly recover. However, the company does not have the worst business foundation, and the prospects it mentioned of a 3-4% decline in revenue and 14% in profit this year are already priced into the stock price (Allman-Ward & Allman-Ward, 2018, p. 117). A repeat of the spring quarantine will, of course, hit the Automatic Data Processing business and drop quotes. If the dividend is canceled, not only will stocks fall lower, but it will take longer for them to recover. From the point of view of investors, who are the main source of income in the company, this will be a sign that it is profitable to work into the company. In turn, corporations need to redistribute their income so that most of it goes to technology. The fact is that it is equipment and technological relevance that are the main advantages of the company over competitors. It is necessary to improve this area, which is expensive and unprofitable for investment without investors. However, if the management ignores this need, then the corporation can give way to the leader quickly catching up with competitors. References Allman-Ward, M. and Allman-Ward, P. A. (2018). Optimizing company cash. A guide for financial professionals . Wiley. Bauer, T., Erdogan, B., Caughlin. D. and Truxillo, D. (2019). Fundamentals of human resource management. People, data, and analytics . SAGE Publications. Wolters Kluwer Editorial Staf. (2021). Directory of corporate counsel . Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.

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Future of the Epidemiology and Its Transformation Essay The resources presented in the module allow discussion of the future of epidemiology and its transformation to meet the emerging challenges of a new era. Brilliant (2006) emphasizes that it is possible to eliminate epidemiological threats, particularly infectious diseases, through early detection and response. New technologies such as big data can help scientists better understand the characteristics of viruses and diseases and reach wider populations (Khoury & Wei, 2015). Thus, more efficient data collection and analysis will allow epidemiologists to better understand the causes and patterns of infections and diseases, which will enable better detection. Additionally, technologies such as social media can help researchers respond more effectively to threats by monitoring global epidemiological threats and outbreaks (Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, 2016). In the future, epidemiology may adopt different tools to deal with diseases and viruses on a larger scale. While such an approach will allow for faster detection and response to threats, it is impossible to eliminate them completely. Thus, I do not agree that in the future, even the development of epidemiology can lead to the complete elimination of diseases. However, I believe that scientists will learn to respond more effectively to them with deeper knowledge, and with the help of technology, this aspect is likely to reduce mortality from various diseases and infections significantly. Aylward (2014) notes that complacency at this stage will be the greatest epidemiological threat. If all diseases are eliminated, humanity will not be able to respond in time to sudden and unexpected threats, which will lead to disaster. Thus, I think that in the future, it will be possible to eliminate global epidemiological threats such as pandemics, but local outbreaks will still occur. References Aylward, B. (2014). Humanity vs. Ebola. How we could win a terrifying war [Video]. TED. Web. Brilliant, L. (2006). My wish: Help me stop pandemics [Video]. TED. Web. Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics. (2016). What does the future of epidemiology look like? [Video]. YouTube. Web. Khoury, M J., & Wei, G. S. (2015). The future of epidemiology in the age of precision medicine: Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and beyond. Web.

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Gandhi’s Thoughts on Inter-Religious Relations Essay An outstanding history concerning India touches on its moral icon, Mahatma Gandhi. Also called Bapu, Gandhi was India’s first prime minister after helping the nation attain independence through non-violence actions. Instead of using armies, Indians used fasting to compel Britons to leave the country, making it (India) very unique. Studies on ethics never proceed without mentioning Gandhi. Bapu holds almost the same respect as Aristotle on morality and the need for social stability. Bearing an association with Gandhi thus makes Indians very happy. Many people and organizations in the republic purpose to promote the first primer’s morality standards, with some attaining significant success. However, Gandhi’s philosophy on the nation’s social, economic, and political realms is highly corrupted. Therefore, the following discussion reviews the leader’s principles on morality, inter-religious relations, and long-term influence. Covering the leader’s canons on the different aspects helps differentiate Bapu’s real stands from today’s tarnished interpretations. Morality has several meanings, including the system of standards and values differentiating good and ill. Ethics is the philosophical brand under which character is studied. Aristotle and Mahatma Gandhi are the two renowned morality leaders in history. The former was a Greek scholar with profound influence on global ethics, while Gandhi’s inspiration mainly thrives in India. Mahatma was India’s first prime minister after helping the nation realize independence through non-violent means. Several literary sources contain the leader’s values for the Indian and global citizens. However, Tushar Gandhi stands out as a reliable primary source for those seeking Gandhi’s philosophy on morality. The author is the great-grandson of India’s first prime minister and provides straightforward narratives bearing the reality on the icon’s stands. Gandhi’s morality covers several subjects, including politics, parenting, integrity, social interactions, and the use of fasting as a tool. Bapu views political leadership as an opportunity to serve, not exploit people. The leader also maintains the need for politicians to remain below the law to protect its (the law’s) sanctity (144). Gandhi starts his speech by apologizing to the audience concerning the family’s inability to provide another icon. According to the author, almost all the individuals in the Indian government and political arena go against Bapu’s morality principles. Gandhi (142) refers to the current public insults among the Indian leaders in fighting corruption as a significant deviation from Mahatma’s principles. Anna is a public icon who thinks that calling the other leaders names amounts to cleansing oneself. Instead of tarnishing the other party’s reputation, the speaker maintains that the best way is to ensure that one is clean and then use the proper channels to bring the corrupt folks to account. The use of fasting in contemporary India also goes against Mahatma Gandhi’s principles of morality. Gandhi (142) says that Bapu’s mission thrives on making the means and the ends equally important. Accordingly, the fasting public figures must know why they are doing that to cause the appropriate effects. To reiterate this account, Gandhi (141) provides a narrative featuring Bibi Amutussalam, one of the nation’s renowned female public figures. Bibi was a social worker in Noakhali and a disciple of Bapu. A social conflict involving the destruction of an Indian temple in the village and the stealing of liturgical swords from the worship center by Muslims takes place during Bibi’s days, according to Gandhi (142). The disciple then tries retrieving the swords by going into the Islamic villages but fails. She then results to fasting to force the two conflicting communities to come together and the Muslims to return all the three stolen swords. The community returns two swords until the twenty-first day of Bibi fasting, during which society members seek her to take something. Bapu’s response on learning about Bibi’s actions implies the need for considerate fasting. Bibi refuses to eat until all the three swords taken from the destroyed temple are back. Coupled with the disciple’s importance in society, Bibi’s many days of fasting make many people afraid. The two rifting communities also come together to take care of Bibi, who remains adamant. On learning about the incident, Mahatma Gandhi writes to Bibi, asking her to be clear on whether her fasting is to bring Muslims and Indians together or is meant for personal destruction (Gandhi 142). However, Bibi decides to maintain the fast against Bapu’s advice. Consequently, Gandhi responds with the following words, which show the need for consideration when fasting for the public good. “She is unyielding. And if she wishes to die, then let her pass on. She does not comprehend or recognize that the intention is to bring together the hearts and not retrieve the weapons. Let us not discard our time on her…” (Gandhi 142). Mahatma Gandhi’s moral principles on the judiciary demand that the government’s arm remains fair to all the people regardless of the political class or social status. According to Gandhi (145), India’s judicial system lives significantly contrary to Bapu’s moral requirements. The author notes that many poor people go to prison for minor offenses, while the powerful operate over the law. Furthermore, even the acquitted low-class Indians continue staying in jail because no lawyers will help them get out. Many acquitted fellows need someone to deliver their exoneration letters from the courts to the prisons, but no one is ready to undertake the job. Instead, almost all the attorneys in India cherish working for the wealthy individuals exhibiting corruption cases. The lawyers use their influence and law knowledge to secure the corrupt elite group’s freedom (Gandhi 145). Accordingly, India’s courts and lawyers fail to live by Gandhi’s moral philosophy and should change. Mahatma Gandhi’s ethics on parenting also want parents to control the amount of freedom granted to children. Gandhi (144) provides a narrative involving Bapu and Arun, his beloved grandson. According to the author, Arun wants to take his grandfather’s photograph after securing a camera. He requests the senior Gandhi to take the snap, but Bapu denies requiring Arun to pay five rupees for the photo (Gandhi 144). The requirement comes from the fact that Gandhi charges public members interested in acquiring his signed autobiography, a project that Arun manages. The Arun one day takes his grandfather’s photo when the icon is busy. On learning about the grandson’s action, Mahatma confiscates the camera until Arun’s parents pay five rupees to the prime minister. The matter makes the great-grandson very hungry because he believes he should never pay for something he owns; the grandfather. Gandhi realizes Arun’s madness, after which he softly tells Arun that failing to do to his grandson what he does to the public denies him the moral authority to exercise the policy on others. Mahatma Gandhi’s moral principles object to the “eye for an eye” practice in Indian politics today. Gandhi (145) compares Anna and Manish and Mahatma, Hitler, and Winston Churchill to show the difference. According to the speaker, Anna and Manish present a mistaken version of Indian politics by engaging each other on the stage. Instead of retaliating, Gandhi (145) insists on turning the other cheek to the oppressor for the sake of peace and morality. Nonetheless, the speaker notes that ignoring the accuser forms the best way to turn the other cheek and not give up one’s face for buttering (Gandhi 146). Consequently, the account reiterates Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violence actions, which Indians need to re-introduce for real ethicalness. Other moral values from Bapu’s ways include perseverance, moral victory, and conservation, which are lacking in contemporary Indian and global societies. Mahatma Gandhi’s ethics on inter-religious associations maintain the need to quit dogma-based religion and faith to a belief system that appreciates humanity and its shared origin. The former prime minister thus disregards violent religious systems that brand people and other religious groups as “others”. Other than taking religion as an alien aspect, Gandhi maintains that there can never be religion without humanity, thus the need for humans to recognize the essence of free interaction. Mahatma serves as an example of what he preaches to the people about religions. For example, the leader remained grounded in Hinduism but often read and analyzed other religions’ writings and teachings (Howard 4). Moreover, Gandhi encourages his disciples and followers to engage in genuine conversations with the other religions to gather more knowledge about God and humanity. Bapu further accepts and supports intermarriages between individuals from different religious backgrounds, bringing a better understanding of humanity and making religion a moral issue. Howard further (5) reiterates Gandhi’s message that understanding various spiritual teachings promotes diversity in reasoning and knowing God. As such, the leader says that experimenting on the other religions creates adequate views worth supporting interreligious associations for mutual respect and deep understanding, instead of mere tolerance (Howard 5). Gandhi’s teaching on the religion subject thus forms a crucial part in the contemporary world where people fight others on religion basis. Appreciating Bapu’s moral principles on religion provides an excellent way for the world to avert the many religion-attached wars, such as those between Christians, Muslims, Hindus, and all the other groups. Studying Mahatma Gandhi and his moral influence is crucial for the continued application of his values. According to Weber (147), Gandhism is significantly non-existent in the contemporary world, with Vinoba Bhave and Jayaprakash Narayan being two of the most significant followers of Gandhism in history. The lack of literary material concerning the movement shortly after Gandhi’s death explains the bulging void (Weber 247). However, the absence of adequate literature regarding Gandhism rhymes with the leader’s sentiments that his life should be his story (Weber 248). The argument leads to noteworthy reviews and bibliographies on Gandhi’s work and deeds in the twentieth century, with some writers viewing him as an influential figure over the period. Consequently, Mahatma Gandhi continues to influence people differently, including politically and religiously, as per Weber (253). Nonetheless, reviving the works about the leader promises to cause more impact relative to today, thus transforming the world. In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi remains one of the most outstanding leaders worldwide. The fellow’s moral teachings and life serve as adequate influencers towards morality. Gandhi is specially credited with the non-violence demonstrations using fasting and hunger strikes. The leader utilized this strategy to secure India’s independence, which he calls moral victory. India continuously shifts away from Gandhi’s ethical principles in several aspects. For example, the nation’s current politicians engage in corruption and public insults against Gandhi’s “cheek philosophy.” Other issues covered in this work concern Gandhi’s stands on interreligious links and his long-term significance.

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Gang Culture in the USA: Symbols, Norms, Values Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Gang Culture in the USA 3. Symbols 4. Language 5. Norms 6. Values 7. Artifacts 8. Conclusion 9. References Introduction The term culture refers to the norms and social behavior of a given community or group of people. It encompasses both the materialistic and non-materialistic elements of society. In a broader view, it entails the beliefs, values, artifacts, language, and symbols known to a particular category of individuals. Every group of people has a unique culture that unites them together. This presentation will analyze the gang culture in the USA by focusing on examining its key elements. Gang Culture in the USA A gang is a group of associates that comes together to fulfill their purposes. It may involve family members, friends, or comrades who claim control over a given territory. Gangs are involved in criminal activities such as theft, intimidation, robbery, kidnapping, and other forms of violence. In most cases, they are formed as a result of social exclusion and discrimination that drives them to have a similar objective to accomplish. They operate in cities, towns, and urban centers where they have influence and knowledge of the system around them. There are different classes of gangs which include prison, motorcycle, local, and street bands. Organizations have unique ways of identifying themselves from other syndicates (Lauchs, 2020). The norms, values, and beliefs also vary from one group to another. In most cases, the clothing style and way of life diverge from the normal societal way. Each gang has a leader and organizational structure that members respect and comply with the issued orders (Godart & Galunic, 2019). Furthermore, there is an aspect of the clash when one gang group crosses another’s territory. Currently, the associations incorporate both males and females, each having varied roles to play. Symbols Different gangs in the USA have various symbols that help them identify themselves in a unique manner. Signs play a vital role in enhancing unity and togetherness amongst the syndicate members. It also evokes the emotions that drive the organization to perform its activities. Gangs in the US use body tattoos to identify the membership and loyalty of associates. Other groups use specific colors, such as black and red, to differentiate and align their common interest as participants. Similarly, some bands have nonverbal communication that they use to indicate and convey a coded message to colleagues. Language Generally, gangs in the US have their own language, which they use as a symbol. They have different slang for communication among members of the group. Each syndicate interprets the dialect they use, and in most cases, they have coded meaning that only associates comprehend. For instance, the Bloods gang participants use “SuWoop!” to mean police siren. The hidden meaning allows them to execute illegal activities with limited exposure because the majority do not understand their terms. Linguistic culture also signifies the unity and oneness of the organizations and is effective in enhancing their operations. Norms The gang culture, just like any other society set up, has norms they follow. Gang syndicates have different standards and behavioral expectations. For example, in the Blood gang association, members are prohibited from having an argument in public. It is their norm to remain calm and unreactive in the presence of non-participants. Organizations have well-defined rules that govern their behavior. Each category has its own beliefs that are considered important for the well-being of the association. The morals portrayed by members are allowed based on the underlying norms of the respective association. All participants are expected to adhere to the norms of failure to attract discipline cases. Values Different gang groups have varied values they recognize and guide their activities. The underlined values shape and influence their judgment and decisions during operations. For instance, most participants value the activities, and they prioritize the actions over family and other things which are not directly related to gang operations. Defending members of the syndicate are critical and makes them feel harmony (Tyler, 2020). Syndicates value dominance which makes them have territorial conflicts. In most cases, the gang groups clash over whom to manage a given location. They are materialistic and believe in acquiring resources to remain effective and in control. Artifacts Artifacts are one of the important elements of the US gang groups. They are martial objects that enhance their beliefs in the operations. Every syndicate group has the most valued artifacts that facilitate their activities. Currently, most organizations own computer systems, weapons, and other stuff that enhance their actions. For instance, rifles and knives are the most valued items for promoting and instilling fear amongst the communities and individuals they terrorize. Having the objects makes them feel brave and ready to act in the interest of the group members. Gang members have the tendency to wear sweaters to cover their physical identities. The majority, especially leaders of the organizations, have jewelry such as long necklaces. In most cases, gangs prefer operating in abandoned buildings in cities or local settings. Advancement in technology has made them possess wireless devices such as phones to facilitate criminal activities. They also value pictures of people who have been offenders and old magazines that capture past crime stories. Artifacts are essential in influencing the gang’s lives and how they conduct their activities. Conclusion In the US, gang groups have different cultural practices that differentiate them from each other. They have languages they use which have coded meanings that only syndicate members can easily decode. They also value possessing some types of material objects and have varied living styles. The organizations value owning guns, phones, and other jewelry. Furthermore, criminal associations have specific standards that dictate and guide their activities. Members have strong values that influence their judgment and decision before engaging in any action. Apart from norms and beliefs, the associates have unique symbols that signify unity among participants. For example, some have a particular tattoo on the same body part to indicate the togetherness of the members. References Godart, F. C., & Galunic, C. (2019). Explaining the popularity of cultural elements: Networks, culture, and the structural embeddedness of high fashion trends. Organization Science , 30 (1), 151-168. Web. Lauchs, M. (2020). A global survey of outlaw motorcycle gang formation. Deviant Behavior , 41 (12), 1524-1539. Web. Tyler, S. (2020). The elements of culture. Human Behavior and the Social Environment I . Web.

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Garnier Company: Advertisement Analysis Essay Today, finding an interesting advertisement online does not take much time. People choose something interesting and surf the web to observe available options. In 2020, Garnier Company offered another bright commercial for its new hair food shampoo, saying yes to vegan and nourishing and no to added silicones and weight down (Garnier UK, 2020). It may be easily found on YouTube and used for free. The scenario in the advertisement is not complex and includes a narration about the quality of female hair and the company’s contributions to great looks and a healthy style. There is a clear “yes-no” strategy to what the product can and cannot bring to the customer. The Ultimate Blends line has been improved with several food options for different types of hair (Garnier UK, 2020). Several shampoos are advertised, with special attention to such audiences as women of a young age, all races, and hair color preferences. These females are pretty and confident and use their hair as a symbol of power and pride. The identification of this customer segment may be explained by the presence of several women who demonstrate different styles and hairstyles. In addition to a properly chosen audience and colors, the strength of the chosen advertisement is its main claim. The authors underline the importance of using natural origins to nourish hangry hair (Garnier UK, 2020). To prove the credibility of this idea, several statistical facts are given during the advertisement and at the bottom, 75% of 58 agree or 98% of natural origin (Garnier UK, 2020). Advertisements play an important role in everyday life, and the task of potential stakeholders is to strengthen the message and use all available resources (Bai, 2018). In this case, Garnier uses definite and intriguing vocabulary, like adjectives, metaphors, and parallelism. Bai (2018) also recommends adding rhymes and alliteration to show the position of the company and its main features. When people repeat phrases or facts from the advertisement, it means they trust and are interested in the offered material. At the same time, the advertisement has several weaknesses, the analysis of which should help avoid the same mistakes in the future. Garnier UK (2020) uses fast speed to introduce new aloe vera, banana, papaya, and watermelon formulas. It is hard for a person to learn all products and memorize information to ensure their choice’s correctness. Despite simple language and brief sentences, the monologue is fast, and not all individuals get enough time to process the claim. Despite the existing shortages, the authors introduce powerful rhetorical strategies to sell the product to the audience. The pun is one of the ways to apply several meanings to the same word and achieve the desired rhetorical function (Bai, 2018). The current advertisement introduces hair as hangry, and bananas or other fruits nourish hair to the required extent. Instead of treating hair as something insignificant or dependent, the advertisement underlines its strength and uses pathos to prove the correctness of its vision. Finally, to improve the quality of a commercial, authors can rely on cognitive biases and promote some emotions and actions. These biases usually exist in people, and advertisers use them to affect the consumer and increase their abilities. In Garnier’s situation, a confirmation bias attracts attention because people confirm their pre-existing belief that their hair needs help. In-group favoritism, the vegan idea, is also present in advertisements to find people with specific tastes and gain more profits. In general, Garnier’s advertisement meets most standards of an effective and interesting commercial. In addition to a properly developed claim and a well-defined audience, advertisers make use of rhetorical functioning and cognitive biases to support clients with their choice. Instead of comparing or proving the quality or effects of the shampoo, Garnier narrates and describes the new aspects of their product with the help of puns, pathos, and favoritism. References Bai, Z. (2018). The characteristics of the language in cosmetic advertisements . Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8 (7), 841-847. Web. Garnier UK. (2021). New hair food shampoo by Garnier Ultimate Blends / 2021 TV Ad [Video]. YouTube . Web.

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Gender Roles in “Beowulf” Poem Essay The concept of “gender roles” is often applied to the analysis and comprehension of writings from various historical periods. These responsibilities appear to have been firmly defined during the Anglo-Saxon period. The poem Beowulf belongs to the epic or heroic poetry genre, which has poems that commemorate the characters’ brave and martial actions. Women are portrayed as belongings for the advantage of the men throughout Beowulf and are made to support the male characters. In addition, women are utilized as plot devices to advance the story tale of men. Women, on the other hand, are a minor character in the plot, their presence being overshadowed by the men. The queen of the Swedes was given no name, her identity being secondary to her status as the king’s wife, Onela. The males, such as Hrothgar, Beowulf, Wiglaf, and Unferth, occupied the majority of the storyline of the poem. As a result, mentions of women are few and far between in comparison. “…the Helming woman went on her rounds…treating the family and the collected troop,” the poem says of a woman who fulfills traditional gender responsibilities as a character Beowulf (Heaney 620). The passage represents the expectation of women in the eleventh century, that they should look after males and be gentle. Queen Modthryth was presented later in the tale as the antithesis to Queen Hygd, who was autonomous and despised by men. “Even a queen of great beauty must not overstep like that,” they said dismissively. (Beowulf 1940-1941), until she married Offa, who rewarded her for her self-control. Queen Modthryth was only considered acceptable by society once she married, implying that women had less value unless they were married. Work Cited Heaney, Seamus. Beowulf . Faber & Faber, 2000.

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Gender Roles Set in Stone: Prehistoric and Ancient Work of Arts Essay In the prehistoric and ancient works of art, the representation of women and men reveals a massive imbalance in gender equity that favors men over women. The males were presumed superior and of great salience in the community, while the females were viewed as subordinates (Seejarim). The Venus of Willendorf is the first prehistoric art that presented women in art, and it was discovered in Austria. Perceptions of gender have been transformed into visual arts and representations. During the Old stage, men and women played different roles and responsibilities in the family (Seejarim). While men were assigned hunting, women were responsible for gathering, caring for children, and preserving racial conformity. Unlike most women’s artistic depictions, the Venus of Willendorf, found in Austria, celebrates the female body without sexualization. The woman of Willendorf was seen as a fertility figure for recreation, fetish of good luck, and a representation of motherhood made by men for the appreciation of men (Seejarim). This is evident through the characteristics of Venus; she is soft, and round, her breasts are large, and her hips full. The Kouros statue represents the male gender, and it depicts them as powerful and muscular, suiting their dominating roles over the female gender. This artistic work represents the society that has been taken over by the boychild in the importance of leadership and supremacy in the community (Uçar). The Venus of Willendorf portrays the role women have been assigned in society based on their features like large breasts, enlarged hips, and round, signifying that women are responsible for giving birth and caring for children. Being soft and having a prominent kneecap suggests that women are good at preserving tribal harmony, unlike the male gender in society. In addition, the Venus of Willendorf depicts that women were seen not to have any functional role in the community as they are only seen for their bodies and fertility increasing the tribes. The Kouros, on the other hand, clearly defines that the male gender is given the role of a leader in society (Uçar). They are also supposed to go hunting to provide for the family as it portrays the male gender to be solid and muscular, thus dominating the female gender. Kouros also evidently describes gender inequality in leadership since only the male child has been given the responsibility of ruling because of their masculinity, yet some women have good leadership characteristics. Apart from Venus of Willendorf depicting women as only fertility agents, the ancient work also portrayed women as dependent creatures on their male counterparts. The Venus sculpture had no feet, which can be understood as representing a dependency (Uçar). The imbalance of gender is seen in Korai and Kouros, which showcased the differences in how the male and the females were treated in ancient Greek culture (Uçar). It is seen that Kouros body was not covered to show the ideal muscular body of the male gender clearly. In contrast, the body of Korai was fitted with loose garments to hide her curves and generally feminine features, seeming to protect her innocence. This suggests how well the male gender was conserved and looked at in ancient Greek society (Seejarim). Unlike the female gender, the males dominated society and were seen as the strong holders of the community, and their presence was always appreciated. References Seejarim, Usha. “Venus, and Tainted Memory.” (2019). Uçar Sarıyıldız, Dilara. Changing Perceptions of Sculptural Polychromy in Europe: Ancient Greece to the 21st Century . Diss. Bilkent University, 2021.

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Gender Stereotypes and Sexual Discrimination Essay Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination Nowadays, gender stereotypes and sexual discrimination make people confront various issues which may lead to negative consequences. For instance, Sandberg (2010) discusses why men reach top positions in the workforce much more often than women. During her lecture, Sandberg addresses this problem by providing current statistics on the male and female employment gap, suggesting that it is highly more challenging for women to choose between personal life and career success. Overall, the Ted Talk is highly insightful, offering the viewers a chance to reflect on modern gender inequality difficulties. In this Ted Talk, Sandberg also raises a question regarding the changes that are needed to alter the current disbalance in the number of men and women that achieve professional excellence. From my perspective, this is a vital issue, and I would like to explore the possibilities for addressing it. One of the most critical reasons for inequality is related to gender differences established in society. Brown et al. (2022) discuss so-called gender roles, which are “differences in how men and women are supposed to act” (para. 9). Such a phenomenon should not exist in the first place because men and women might presume that there is a particular script they should follow while living their lives. As such, this issue is especially important for me, as I strongly believe that every individual is free to choose their path in life regardless of their gender. However, I know several people who believe that women should spend more time at home doing housework while men should work more and make money for the family. Thus, my question for the class is: how can society alter the current views on gender roles to promote equality? Additional Activity A wrong understanding of gender differences has resulted in even more crucial issues, such as gender stereotypes, discrimination, and sexual harassment. These phenomena are highly common nowadays, and many people are forced to endure these negative events in adolescence. For example, Brown et al. (2022) reported that most teenagers suffer from unwanted touching and various jokes, becoming victims of sexual harassment and discrimination even before finishing high school. I am certain that such circumstances can negatively affect people’s mental state and future life, and society should pay more attention to how gender stereotypes and discrimination influence individuals. References Brown, C. S., Jewell, J. A., & Tam, M. J. (2022). Gender. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. DEF publishers. Sandberg, S. (2010). Why we have too few women leaders [Video]. TED. Web.

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Generalized Other as a Sociological Concept Essay The generalized other is a concept generated to educate people that as much as they are taking care of themselves, they ought to mind others and do right by them. Mead argued that the concept represents a collection of attitudes and roles used by people as a reference for figuring out how to act in a specific situation (Ritzer & Stepnisky, 2018). Therefore, when individuals behave according to the expectations of others, they are taking the concept of generalized other. According to Beeman (2020), as people grow during life stages, they continue to know each other and eventually start being concerned about others. In the explanation of the stages of life, people in their early-stage focus on the ‘I’ aspect because they have not yet developed an interest in others. Also, they are not aware of how they look at this stage. However, when growing up, they start focusing on the self. On the contrary, as they become aware of the self, they also acknowledge their behavior to society hence acting while considering the judgment of others. One of the major roles of mass media to individuals’ growth is giving them a platform to interact and share ideas. In interaction, individuals get to form relationships with each other get attention and affection. This helps people build confidence in themselves hence acquiring high self-esteem. As such, individuals will start recognizing their worth and appreciate themselves. Based on the concept of generalized other, individuals tend to look for affirmation from the society using the media. They feel approved and wanted from this affirmation, thus building their confidence in how they look. Social media also has much information that can build self. For instance, education knowledge can help one to feel important after learning. It gives people confidence and the ability to recognize their potential. References Beeman, P. A. (2020). Lecture on mead: I, me, and generalized other [Video File]. YouTube. Web. Ritzer, G., & Stepnisky, J. (2018). Classical sociological theory (7 th ed.). SAGE.

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Genetic Disease in a Pregnant Woman and Fetus Case Study Introduction The patient is a 32-year-old woman who has missed her menstrual cycle over three weeks and continues visiting a tanning salon weekly. She does not take a folic acid supplement because she has no concerns about her pregnancy. The decision to have a maternal serum marker test is recommended to check the mother’s blood. It helps identify any birth defects or chromosomal disorders known as genetic pathology that could provoke developmental or cognitive delays in a baby (Wojcik et al., 2020). The primary care provider offers a plan of care, including 600 mg of folic acid daily and education on the risk of skin cancer. Pathology: Explanation and Plan of Care The plan of care does not contain serious steps but taking supportive supplements and education on the possible tanning-related risks like skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) from human-made sources may affect the fetus’ birth weight due to nitric oxide exposure and the mother’s overall health (UVA reduces blood pressure and challenges the immune system (Botyar & Khoramroudi, 2018). The patient should consider the relationship between oncogenesis and pregnancy and consider folic acid to maintain birth defects. Teratogenic Effect of Not Taking a Folic Acid Supplement Pregnancy is a period when a woman experiences many changes in her health and basic needs, and the task is to make sure the fetus receives enough vitamins. Folic acid is a common supplement during pregnancy to make new cells and prevent the development of the teratogenic effect. Folate deficiency leads to increased neural tube defects observed in 5 to 20 per 10,000 births (Brown & Wright, 2020). In this case, the risks include brain (Down syndrome) or spine (spina bifida) defects because the woman does not take the supplement. Inclusion of a Maternal Serum Marker Test The maternal serum marker test is necessary to check the mother’s blood and identify any birth defects in the fetus. The risks of neural tube defects exist because the woman has not taken folic acid during her first weeks of pregnancy. Thus, the primary care provider has to exclude the possibility of chromosomal disorders and predict the development of genetic conditions due to folate deficiency. Vulnerability of the Fetus Based on Trimesters and Teratogens and the Role of the Folic Acid Supplement The patient has concerns about her possible pregnancy, which means she is in her first trimester. This period is characterized by developmental changes like the formation of the spine, arms, legs, head, and heart. The second and third trimesters are less serious, with minor birth defects being developed. Such teratogens as alcohol, smoking, and unnecessary medications may be dangerous for fetus development. The woman should use the folic acid supplement to improve the neural tube condition and reduce teratogens’ effects. UVA and UVB Rays in the Process of Oncogenesis in Skin Cells UV radiation consists of UVA and UVB rays that penetrate deeply into the human skin, provoking genetic damage. UVA rays affect the dermis increasing the chances of wrinkles and immune suppression, and UVB, compared to sunlight, is a risk factor for melanoma and carcinoma (Botyar & Khoramroudi, 2018). This type of radiation destroys cell DNA and provokes mutations that remain invisible for a long period. Education for the Patient on the Risk of Skin Cancer and Skin Assessment The woman should know the risk of skin cancer due to UVA/UVB exposure. When the skin color changes, destruction of the skin and DNA occurs. The woman is responsible not only for her health but also for her future baby’s health, and recommendations include the tanning impact on the baby. Cooperation with a dermatologist solves cancer-related problems, and folic acid helps support the child’s development. Patient-Care Technologies Patient-care technologies promote safety and offer the best quality services. In caring for pregnant women, such simple tools as catheters, needles, syringes, and nebulizers help nurses support patients. Besides, the woman needs to understand her level of responsibility, and text messaging or social media are the best digital health technologies in this case (Kuwabara et al., 2019). It is important to communicate on different topics about pregnancy. Conclusion In general, this case introduces the woman with concerns about pregnancy and does not take anything to protect the child and create a favorable environment. Tanning is not recommended because of the risk for genetic disorders like skin cancer. Folic acid should be regularly taken to promote the fetus’s development and safe growth. Communication and education with healthcare providers are vital for this female patient. References Botyar, M., & Khoramroudi, R. (2018). Ultraviolet radiation and its effects on pregnancy: A review study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 7 (3), 511-514. Web. Brown, B., & Wright, C. (2020). Safety and efficacy of supplements in pregnancy. Nutrition Reviews, 78 (10), 813-826. Web. Kuwabara, A., Su, S., & Krauss, J. (2019). Utilizing digital health technologies for patient education in lifestyle medicine. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine . Web. Wojcik, M. H., Reimers, R., Poorvu, T., & Agrawal, P. B. (2020). Genetic diagnosis in the fetus. Journal of Perinatology, 40 (7), 997-1006. Web.

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Genetically Modified Organisms: Ethical Perspective Essay Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have become a part of all humans’ lives, but they remain a debatable issue thus far. Some people argue that it is not ethical to change any genetic information and play God (MacKinnon & Fiala, 2017). However, I believe that GMOs are only another advancement in people’s lives as the creation of machines, cars, or spaceships. GMOs (be it a plant or animal) are a part of my life as well, as I have consumed GMO-based products. I am not concerned about long-term effects as much as some of my peers since I find GMOs to be a product of selection that has been in place for centuries. People have noticed some properties they considered to be appropriate for them and tried to grow as many plants and animals that have certain qualities as possible. I would use the principles of utilitarianism to support my claim. This theory is based on the view that everything is ethical if it contributes to as much good for as many people as possible. GMOs can help people overcome one of the major problems that is famine. GMOs are resistant to harsh environmental conditions, so people may grow more crops and other important plants. Millions of people still starve and are in need of food, so the production of more food is beneficial for all. Of course, some use the deontological approach and state that it is simply wrong to interfere with genetic codes as it is the divine domain. GMOs are seen as people’s attempts to play God, which is morally wrong. However, I would stress that even according to the Bible, humans were given the planet to take care of it, so using innovative tools is another way to follow the Christian postulates and take care of all creatures. Reference MacKinnon, B., & Fiala, A. (2017). Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.

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Genetics and Genomics in Healthcare Development Research Paper Introduction Genetics and genomics refer to two concepts that keenly study genes which are the basic operational unit of a living organism. Both genetics and genomics offer invaluable insights into the structure and function of the human body. The knowledge acquired from these two fields is vital in dictating the development of medicine and other health sciences. This essay is an analysis of these two fields and consists of six crucial sections. The first part differentiates genetics from genomics, enabling the distinction between the two disciplines. The second section offers invaluable insight into the role of nursing in the two fields. The third section highlights the ethical consideration in research into the two fields. The fourth dwells on the global utilization of genetics and genomics research while the fifth is an analysis of the influence of various factors on the utilization of genomics and genetics in healthcare. The final section is the conclusion that pieces together the knowledge from all the sections and offers direction. Genetics and genomics are amongst the fastest-growing fields that highlight the next crucial stage in healthcare development hence their value is undeniable. Differences Between Genetics and Genomics Genetics refers to study of genes and their functions in the inheritance of various traits amongst humans. This field analyzes how human beings pass down various characteristics to their offspring and the processes involved in the transfer (Marchant et al., 2020). This study also analyzes the impact of the genes transferred to various people. Genes are the primary unit studied in genetics and this term refers to basic units of heredity. Genes carry instructions that direct the manufacture of various proteins within the body. These instructions coordinate the manufacture of proteins such as hormones, enzymes, cells, and muscles. These proteins are crucial in regulating various biological functions including sleep, growth and reproduction, breathing, digestion, and cognitive activity amongst others (Marchant et al., 2020). Genetics also identifies the diseases that can occur whenever an error is encountered in the ability of genes to direct the activity of the body. These diseases include cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, and phenylketonuria and exhibit heredity (Marchant et al., 2020). This implies that the study of genetics can identify people at a high risk of developing these diseases and predict whether offspring can have them. Genomics on the other hand is a recent terminology that describes the analysis of all of a human’s genes, referred to as the genome. It investigates the interaction of these genes with each other and the person’s environment. Genomics also studies complex diseases such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes, and cancer since these diseases are caused by genetic variation. Genomics aims to offer new possibilities for therapy, diagnostic procedures, and treatment for some complex diseases (Marchant et al., 2020). One of the most remarkable contributions of genomics is stem cell therapy that enables the replacement of the faultiest cells in the body using cells referred to as stem cells. These stem cells can develop into any human cell and are therefore cultured with this sole purpose. Once ripe, these cells are used to replace injured body organs and ensure healing. The Role of Nursing in Genetics and Genomics Nursing ensures the role of genetics and genomics through its involvement in research. The nursing profession encourages the involvement of professionals in research initiatives that enable the growth of this field (Beery et al., 2018). Additional research enables the discovery of new knowledge that is vital in ensuring disease is combated. Nursing also contributes to genomics through the popularization of the alternatives presented by these specialties. Nurses are some of the most exposed healthcare professionals, dealing with many patients. Their widespread interaction provides them with an opportunity to impact knowledge to millions of people whenever healthcare scenarios befitting the genomics alternatives are presented. Nursing also provides nurses with an opportunity to venture into a specialty of genetics called genetic nursing. The professionals within this field are called genetic nurses. The involvement of specialists within this specific field ensures that the specialty is accorded the serious focus it deserves. Genetic nurses are availed with ample time to focus on this field and propagate its growth through research and experimentation. The implementation of the techniques with a genetic background ensures that treatments with this base are fast-tracked and approved. Nursing ensures that the fields of genetics and genomics achieve practice and approval through the various nursing organizations. Global and national nursing associations have been at the forefront of ensuring that genetics and genomics are approved by the governments and global associations such as the WHO. This involves implementing their advisory mandate to the leaders in the healthcare fields and directing them to approve genetics and genomics (Hickey et al., 2018). These efforts have put adequate pressure on these organizations to offer sufficient funding to this research and also approve clinical trials of the various suggested genetics methods. The increased attention by governments and healthcare organizations has in turn caused an increase in the usage of these services in general and the growth of this field. Accessibility for more people has also been made possible with developing nations also embracing this revolution in healthcare. Ethical Considerations with Research Involving Genetics and Genomics When genetic and genomic research occurs, the data on the genomic sequence of individuals is required to be accessible to these participants. When this data is availed, it may reveal disturbing discoveries such as the possibility of developing cancer within the next few years. This is worrying for a patient who was previously unaware of the possibility and may cause anxiety in the patient and their families (Coughlin, 2020). The ethical issue of whether human beings want to be aware of what is happening in their bodies arises here. Additionally, the individual may be informed of the possibility of the occurrence of a chronic illness such as diabetes from genetic research. This disease may fail to occur and cause unnecessary worry and panic for the individual and their family, causing widespread mistrust in genetics and genomics. Alternatively, the information about an individual may be discovered and withheld by the researchers. The aftermath of this is that a patient may develop the discovered condition and succumb to the disease partly due to late discovery and inadequate preparation. In this situation, the researcher is seen to have committed ethical injustice to the participant and harm public trust (Coughlin, 2020). In other scenarios, the researcher may be required to reveal the data collected on the genetic differences between the individuals participating. The variations may display some individuals negatively with a myriad of conditions likely to affect them in the future. In the unanticipated circumstances when employers or health insurance companies access this information, they are likely to discriminate against people. Employers are likely to offer opportunities to individuals unlikely to develop a chronic disease that would be unprofitable due to sick leaves. Insurance companies are also likely to charge people with the likelihood of developing chronic diseases differently from others. This creates the issue of inequality and possible discrimination based on genetic predisposition. How Genetics and Genomics Research is Conducted and Utilized Globally Genetic and genomics research is conducted in willing individuals whenever the researchers have a specific hypothesis to test. The research requires the necessary approval from all the organizations involved including the government institutions involved. This research requires the involvement of high-level technology that enables the analysis of the data. Additionally, researchers must collect samples from their participants or patients, extract the genetic information, and carry out the tests required (Stark et al., 2019). Genetic research is conducted whenever researchers want to establish the impact of certain environmental factors on various human aspects. This research is also conducted whenever there is a need to establish the possibility of certain individuals developing certain conditions. This is mainly guided by heredity whereby one family member contracts a certain disease and there is a need to rule out the possibility of others having the same disease. Genetics and genomics research has been vital in advancing cloning, a technique that replicates exact copies of desired organisms or cells. Cloning is vital in developing identical cells for a certain organ and replacing the damaged cells in that specific organ (Brown, 2020). Cloning identifies the exact genetic composition of the damaged cells and initiates protocols that generate replicas. This includes the generation of cells for a damaged liver where a researcher acquires cells from the victim. They sequence these cells and grow replicates of the liver cells before replacing them to ensure the patient has a functional liver. Genetics and genomics have also been vital in the development of medicines for the treatment of various conditions. The study of the genes and the various processes involved has been crucial in enabling researchers to identify certain pathways that can be manipulated (Morrell et al., 2019). Upon identification of a pathway that is affected in the occurrence of a certain disease, researchers develop medicines that target this mechanism. The drugs rectify the error and prevent the occurrence of the anticipated disease or reverse the damage to assure health for the victim. Impact of Culture on Genetic/Genomics Genetics and genomics are well-advanced fields in healthcare that have achieved massive challenges in usage due to cultural and religious beliefs. Some people may have access to these services but avoid using them due to the belief that such scientific advances contravene their beliefs (Modell et al., 2019). Certain religions discourage their members from seeking scientific medical care due to the stigma associated with this form of healthcare. This includes using fields such as genetics due to the belief that modern practices interfere with their faith. They believe that scientific research is akin to competing with their supreme deity and that such investigations are too detailed for the liking of their supreme being. Some religions believe that science competes with the perfect work of creation executed by their deity. They encourage their believers to subscribe to the things taught and to disregard genetic and genomic medical aid, hence minimal usage. Some health beliefs are misled and encourage people to wait in earnest for recovery and this has led to the deaths of people who could be helped. Some family values encourage the treatment of members who become enlightened and compassionate towards genetics with distaste. They treat these people as outcasts and discourage associating with these people within their spheres of influence. Some people, though knowledgeable, avoid association with genetics and genomics out of the fear of banishment due to traditions. The traditions highlight extensive reliance on outdated health practices. The culture of mistrust towards western medicine that birthed genetics and genomics is widespread in some parts of the world (Scherr et al., 2019). This is due to the dark history associated with western medicine such as human experimentation and torture. The dark ages highlighted a period of medical advancement at the expense of the lives of innocent people. The experimentation was brutal and sometimes without anesthesia, hence the pain. People who have heard stories about how western medicine oppressed their ancestors are apprehensive towards genetics and genomics. Conclusion In conclusion, genetics and genomics are crucial healthcare fields and promise to revolutionize the handling of disease and health. Genetics deals with the study of genes and their influence in inheritance while genomics prioritizes the entire human genome with an aim of combating genetic diseases. There is a surge of healthcare professionals oriented to prioritize these fields, including nurses. Nurses play a key role in familiarizing genetics and genomics with most of their patients while contributing to research that increases available knowledge. Genetics and genomics encounter ethical challenges due to the impact of the knowledge discovered during genetic research. The research acquired from genetics and genomics has been vital in bettering cloning and pharmacokinetics. This is essential as it promises to combat more diseases through prevention before their occurrence and cure before their deterioration. Genetics and genomics also encounter difficulties arising from family differences and religious differences. There is a need for widespread sensitization amongst all people on the importance of genetics and genomics. Further research into the two is also paramount to ensure more alternative treatment protocols are discovered and perfected for the sake of the patients. References Beery, T. A., Workman, M. L., & Eggert, J. A. (2018). Genetics and genomics in nursing and health care . F.A. Davis. Brown, T. A. (2020). Gene cloning and DNA analysis: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons. Coughlin, C. R. (2020). The ethics of genetics research . Handbook of Research Methods in Health Psychology , 99–113. Web. Hickey, K. T., Taylor, J. Y., Barr, T. L., Hauser, N. R., Jia, H., Riga, T. C., & Katapodi, M. (2018). Nursing genetics and genomics: The International Society of Nurses in Genetics (ISONG) survey . Nurse Education Today , 63 , 12–17. Web. Marchant, G., Barnes, M., Evans, J. P., LeRoy, B., & Wolf, S. M. (2020). From genetics to genomics: Facing the liability implications in clinical care . The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , 48 (1), 11–43. Web. Modell, Stephen M., Citrin, T., Burmeister, M., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Beil, A., & Raisky, J. (2019). When genetics meets religion: What scientists and religious leaders can learn from each other. Public Health Genomics , 22 (5-6), 174–188. Web. Morrell, N. W., Aldred, M. A., Chung, W. K., C. Gregory Elliott, Nichols, W. C., Florent Soubrier, Trembath, R. C., & Loyd, J. E. (2019). Genetics and genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension . European Respiratory Journal , 53 (1), 1801899. Web. Scherr, C. L., Ramesh, S., Marshall-Fricker, C., & Perera, M. A. (2019). A review of African Americans’ beliefs and attitudes about genomic studies: Opportunities for message design . Frontiers in Genetics , 10 . Web. Stark, Z., Dolman, L., Manolio, T. A., Ozenberger, B., Hill, S. L., Caulfied, M. J., Levy, Y., Glazer, D., Wilson, J., Lawler, M., Boughtwood, T., Braithwaite, J., Goodhand, P., Birney, E., & North, K. N. (2019). Integrating genomics into healthcare: A global responsibility . The American Journal of Human Genetics , 104 (1), 13–20. Web.

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George Washington’s Farewell Address Essay The first farewell address to the nation in US history was made by the country’s first elected president, George Washington. In the fall of 1796, a letter of 32 handwritten pages was published in the Philadelphia Daily Advertiser. This address, which became Washington’s real political testament, is still considered one of the most important documents in American history. Washington’s address contained many ideas that for more than two hundred years continue to have a direct impact on US foreign and domestic policy, as well as on the process of formation of the American nation. The main thing that Washington did was that he refused to hold the presidency for more than two terms, although he had the right to do so: the amendment to the US Constitution that legalized this rule was adopted only in 1947. Analyzing Washington’s farewell speech, it should be noted that the president not only said goodbye, but also gave instructions to the entire nation. He considered the most important element of the success of the state and society to be the preservation and promotion of peaceful coexistence with all forces. Such forces include not only neighboring states, but also different races and religions. Washington himself repeatedly refers to God’s laws, believing that they condemn any discord or disrespect (Sands, 2019). Just as in the Bible there is a ban on the creation of an idol, so the president did not advise becoming attached to any strong players in the political arena; instead, he insists on America’s independent incremental development. However, Washington’s position on racial conflicts and divisions is highly ambiguous. On the one hand, the president proposes a respectful and peaceful coexistence of all representatives of the races to create a single full-fledged society. On the other hand, the founding father did not vehemently oppose slavery, which contradicts his stance in farewell (Hayes, 2020). This does not mean that Washington is acting hypocritically or having double standards, because it is worth considering the context of the times. However, there is a point of view in which racial coexistence should not be attributed to the values of the president. It is also worth noting that Washington has flagged potential red flags for the state, as well as issued several warnings to the nation. Washington warned that the most serious threat to American democracy came from internal disunity rather than outside interference (Sands, 2019). He foresaw the possibility of foreign influence on the American political system and the coming to power of a president who, neglecting national interests, would become the personification of the threat of despotism. He pleaded with the Almighty to ease the impact of presidential mistakes and expressed the hope that America would forgive him (Sands, 2019). Washington has set a standard for its moral wear and tear, fearing that its self-importance could become a threat to democracy. Washington’s most far-reaching warnings concerned the threat of secession. In his opinion, if one group begins to dominate the other, then this can lead to a more formed and permanent despotism. This explains the point of view that it was defying Washington’s warnings that Donald Trump became president (Sands, 2019). First, such thoughts are common among Trump’s opponents, which is argued by the president’s hostile attitude towards Mexicans. The rise of the despot will be fueled by turmoil and suffering which will eventually push the citizens to seek security in the form of absolute power of one person (Sands, 2019). Thus, Washington most of all warned the nation against possible mistakes leading to the modification or destruction of the democratic system of the state. Based on the foregoing, Washington is not only a president who said goodbye to the nation for the first time before leaving, but also a kind of visionary. He repeatedly reminds society of the importance and uniqueness of democracy, the essence of which is to ensure a better quality of life. At the same time, the president warns citizens about potential mistakes that could lead to radical negative changes. Finally, modern history shows that some of Washington’s words were prescient. References Hayes, K. J. (2020). George Washington. A life in books . Oxford University Press. Sands, K. M. (2019). America’s religious wars. The embattled heart of our public life . Yale University Press.

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Ghalib as an Indo-Persian Poet Essay Ghalib is an Indo-Persian poet that was writing in the Urdu language and became popular and influential in the XIX century. The lifestyle and conduct of Ghalib were inspiring people, saving faith and belief in their hearts during harsh times. The poem chosen for this assignment is “The “Godless” Lover.” The name of this work refers to the Islamic government dubbing Ghalib godless. Still, in many lines of the poet, one can find Koranic characters and reflections about the relationship between a human and the Creator. Ghalib, in this poem, emphasizes the meaning of God to his soul and puts special stress on the initial presence of God. All the people, according to Ghalib, are the result of creation that would not have mattered if they existed or not without God. It is especially evident in the following lines: When there was nothing, there was God If nothing had been, God would have been My very being has been my downfall If I hadn’t been, what would it have mattered? Various tones come across in the poem: negative and positive, and it might depend on the reader and his current condition. Ghalib states that God has always been there for a human, and even if there is no hope and it seems that the world has ended, God will be there to help each soul. The tone of the narrator depends on the perceptions of the reader, his experience, and his current state. The author of this paper tends to believe the poem’s tone is positive, and it reminds of eternal and unbreakable things a man can refer to. Even if the process of human creation would not have existed, a human would still have been united with God. Robert Bly expressed similar thoughts with the help of different words. He stated: “Our perception of ‘things’ as real doesn’t quite fit with the idea that they don’t actually exist. One Muslim belief sees the universe we know as a mixture of the Existent and the Non-Existent. Things such as trees, streets, people, and clouds all belong to Non-Existence: they are only shadows thrown by a genuinely existent sun.” The genuinely existent sun here is God, and all the people, nature, and other inevitable items of human life are shadows. Staying close to the sun is staying close to God and self. Then all the other aspects will have meaning in each soul’s lifespan. Indian culture is unique and many-sided, and after hearing the poems sung, the impression from the artwork becomes more meaningful. Some parts of the human soul answer more actively when they hear music. Songs in Indian manner have various qualities of tone hypnotizing and relaxing the listener. The major impression after watching the videos can be described with words calmness, belief, honesty, and truth. Listening to the poems discloses the meaning of the poem deeper and differs significantly from reading the text. Ghalib is a central figure in Indo-Persian culture as he transferred faith via his poems, raising essential questions for a human. The most important items for an individual are hope and the connection to it, seeking the answers to the initial existence of things, and staying devoted to it. Ghalib was an example of a strong person who never lost hope even after harsh moments of his life. The poem “The “Godless” Lover” underlines the attitude of Ghalib to God and God’s connection to human beings.

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“Girl With the Pearl Earring” and “Christina’s World”: The Theme of Hope Essay Table of Contents 1. Cultural Artifacts: Theme 2. Theme’s Expression 3. Audience and Theme 4. Importance to Personality 5. The role of Humanities for the Society 6. Message Transformation 7. References Cultural Artifacts: Theme The cultural artifacts which were chosen for the analysis are two pictures: Girl with the Pearl Earring and Christina’s World. The thesis statement can be formulated as follows: researched paintings reflect the theme of the hope which people create themselves in the ultimate despair surrounding them. The humanities domain is directly correlated with the common theme of the cultural artifacts. The mentioned theme is related to the topic of discussing existential problems, which is primarily focused on the humanities. Theme’s Expression The theme of the ultimate despair elimination through hope affects the audience’s psychology. This idea is expressed in Cristina’s World picture through the historical context of the painting’s creation (Benson, 2020). The girl is disabled, trying to see hope in her house. Her posture shows that she creates her own longing, no matter her condition. The Girl with the Pearl Earring author expresses the mentioned theme through color mixing and illusion techniques (Berg et al., 2019). The earring is illusional, symbolizing hope which the girl creates herself. The thesis statement is formulated on the slide. Audience and Theme Conducted objective and subjective analysis showed that there are two primary pieces of evidence why the theme is interesting for the audience. Objective evidence includes the humanities learning aspect. People interested in broadening their knowledge in humanities can learn more information by exploring cultural artifacts. The subjective evidence touches on solving existential problems through analyzing the cultural experience. The thesis statement can directly influence the audience due to its cultural and humanities relevance. Moreover, the general psychological topic is expressed through these pictures. Therefore, the audience profits from learning more about the culture and history of artifacts creation. Additionally, people can find the themes implemented by the author encouraging in elaborating on the topic of hope and despair in life. My initial exploration of the theme focuses on the idea that the authors’ primary aim is to help other people morally and mentally, thereby increasing the quality of others’ lives. The presentation can also be relevant for the representatives of particular professions such as social workers or teachers. A few examples prove the above conclusions in my initial response exploration, which are represented on the slide. Importance to Personality The theme and chosen cultural artifacts are essential for my personality. Elaboration of the topic and considering the authors’ ideas help me develop my knowledge in the humanities sphere. Moreover, I believe that the artifacts experience can help build good relationships with myself and others, finding hope in despair. I have chosen these artifacts because they reflect hope’s deep and complicated image. Various themes can be identified within selected paintings, such as finding mental strength for fighting and others. However, from my perspective, the theme of hope is the most powerful aspect of the two mentioned artifacts. The image of despair and hope have deep and complicated depictions correlating the implicit ideas. The role of Humanities for the Society Studying humanities can contribute to my personal development and broaden my background knowledge. The skills of encouraging other people are vital for my career development. A stable mental state and the ability to find hope in a desperate situation can help in many career-related paths. Humanities are also significant in terms of preserving cultural heritage. However, through humanities people can analyze the experience of previous generations, which contributes to the general development of society. Message Transformation Delivering the message will be rationally using the visual supportive material. For example, presenting a detailed analysis of some painting elements and symbols showing them on the screen would be rational (Dragomir, Francisco-Lens, & Rodríguez-Vázquez, 2022). The particular terms usage and art-related vocabulary can cause differences in understanding the general message of the presentation. The humanities-related words should be specified. In order to get the audience accustomed to the necessary notions, it can be rational to provide the handout with the highlighted terms. References Benson, J. (2020). The World of Christina: Reflections on the journey home. Appalachia, 72(2), 34–40. Web. Berg, K., Loon, A., Vandivere, A., & Wadum, J. (2019). From ‘Vermeer Illuminated’ to ‘The Girl in the Spotlight’: Approaches and methodologies for the scientific (re-)examination of Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring. Heritage Science, 7(66), 1–12. Web. Dragomir, M., Francisco-Lens, N., & Rodríguez-Vázquez, A. (2022). Audiences first: Professional profiles, tools and strategies of digital newsrooms to connect with the public. Total Journalism, 97, 211–226. Web.

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Global Strategies: Benefits and Disadvantages Essay The issue of the internationalization of companies is a phenomenon that has consistently attracted the attention of researchers in the field of management. In the last decade, the focus has shifted from considering the benefits and risks of internationalization to studying the strategies of international companies operating and developing. However, it should be remembered that globalization acts as a kind of institutional environment for global companies, characterized by high uncertainty and risks and a non-monotonous, dynamic nature. The main incentive for the globalization and internationalization of the company is a significant expansion of market opportunities, both production, and trade. This is also connected with the benefits gained from implementing an international strategy, namely the growth of the company’s market, economies of scale and learning, and, of course, the advantages of new locations. Many companies from developing countries such as China, India, and Taiwan are active in global value chains in high-tech sectors of the economy (Stallkamp & Schotter, 2019). However, this fact leads to the fact that there is the broadest range of problems inherent in international companies in these countries. For example, emerging markets often have inadequate government oversight and regulation levels, leading to global companies’ unethical and criminal trading practices. For example, a typical example of this is the exploitation of cheap local labor to make production more affordable for international businesses (Mashan, 2021). This is morally and ethically appalling in the extreme but will have dire consequences for the company in the future. Given the benefits of international diversification, some firms choose not to expand internationally for several reasons. The most common of these is the reluctance to go beyond the domestic market of their homeland (Paul & Mas, 2019). This suggests either an unwillingness to face the risks of globalization or an initial calculation of opportunities, taking into account only the company’s home market factors. Moreover, an important reason for the rejection of globalization may be the awareness of problems faced with a foreign market, its characteristics, and potential consumers’ culture, religion, and customs. Thus, the global strategy has its colossal advantages and disadvantages that can push the company away from this approach. References Paul, J., & Mas, E. (2019). Toward a 7-P framework for international marketing . Journal of Strategic Marketing , 28 (8), 681–701. Web. Stallkamp, M., & Schotter, A. P. J. (2019). Platforms without borders? The international strategies of digital platform firms . Global Strategy Journal , 11 (1), 58–80. Web. Mashan, T. (2021). “Dear Nike, just don’t do it!”: A transnational digital connective action on the issue of forced Uyghur labor at Nike sweatshops in China (No. 272). Central Asia Program. Web.

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Gnomial Functions Inc.’s Sales Forecasting Method Case Study Gnomial Functions Inc. wants to determine the most reliable forecasting technique for determining the sales level for the next eighteen months. The sales trend reflected a consistent increase over the last 18 months with minimal seasonal variation. However, the sales for recent months reflected had more significance on the following months sales (Wisniewski, 2016). Consequently, Gnomial Functions Inc. should use the weighted moving average to forecast the most likely level of sales. The weighted moving average used four weights to determine the likely level of sales in the next month. These weights ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 for the earliest and most recent months respectively. The most recent data received a higher weight due to its higher relevance to the future level of sales. Consequently, the weighted moving average generates accurate forecast compared to the simple moving averages. The company can realize even more accurate forecast by adjusting the weights for the moving average. The management should give higher weight to the recent monthly sales to reduce the forecasting error. Specifically, the mean absolute deviation and mean standard error for the initial weights (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) was 6.27 and 47.29. In contrast, when the new weights that give more importance to the recent performance (0, 0, 0.4, and 0.6) are applied, the mean absolute deviation declined to 4.81, and the mean standard error declines to 27.28. This performance is better than the simple moving average. Gnomial Functions Inc. should use the weighted moving average to determine the likely level of sales in the next year. This method is simple, effective, and reliable. In addition, it can be adjusted to reflect the changes in sales trend by adjusting the weights to give the requisite importance to the recent months. Therefore, the company should use weighted moving average to estimate the likely performance in the coming year. Reference Wisniewski, M., 2016. Quantitative methods for decision makers. Pearson.

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Going Through a Crisis Essay (Critical Writing) The modern world economy is so diverse and deep that it is very difficult to predict for sure when a crisis will break. Recession is danger, and danger is stress – in such a situation, the brain begins to rely on basic instincts of protection – to run, hide, survive. Crisis intervention is a relatively new discipline, the main task of which is to provide temporary emergency emotional assistance to victims of mental and physical violence (Colford & Cavaiola, 2017). Nowadays, there is a risk of economic decline which can seriously affect the entire population; hence, I would not like to experience recession since it would significantly affect my life. The crisis is a phenomenon that takes a toll primarily on the individuals who work for non-profit organizations. There is an increase in layoffs, which means many people will have live on the state allowance. The inability to find a job is the next cause of the crisis. What is more, the level of poverty will raise making people abandon their homes. Individuals will not be able to afford necessary items as well as paying rent. Hence, I consider a recession as an undesirable event for myself due to its damaging nature. When considering the crisis from a professional point of view, the crisis affects the national economy as a whole, affecting not individual enterprises, but the entire sector of the economy. There is an increase in the cost of credit resources and the difficulty of attracting them. In addition, there is a threat of deterioration of relations with international partner organizations. In general, the crisis is an undesirable phenomenon due to its devastating effects and unpredictable consequences. Reference Colford, J. E., & Cavaiola, A. A. (2017). Crisis intervention: A practical guide . SAGE Publications.

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Government Intervention in Intermodal Transportation Case Study Argument Private companies have dominated the United States freight transportation system for a long time. They also control passenger transportation systems, but the control is shared with the government, unlike freight transport. Through fees, tools, and taxes, government transport departments can safeguard the public best interests in the passenger transportation industry. In contrast, government departments do not have a means to directly control or foster innovation in intermodal freight transport partly because of the resistance by trackers. In their book, Konings et al. (2008) suggest that the US government should be the catalyst for innovations in intermodal transportation. This argument can be justified by looking at a historical example of how a government-supported initiative has outperformed the free market-driven industry. Why the US Government Should Be a Catalyst for Innovations in Intermodal Transport Systems I agree with the author that the government should act as a catalyst for intermodal transport. The government brings tremendous benefits in transport and regulates limitations posed by the free market economy. This type of economy brings a problem of lack of interconnectivity and interoperability. This challenge is evidenced in intermodal road-rail transport because different parties use different resources. Private-owned intermodal transportation systems are different because they lack a centralized control unit that regulates the designs. Transportation is an essential aspect of the lives of Americans, and the time wasted when interconnecting problems occur leads to massive losses. For effectively centralized control to be achieved in such centers, the US government needs to step in and assist in innovation, ensuring uniform standards and compatible systems are deployed everywhere. Additionally, I agree with the writer that the government needs to step in because it is able to pass information better. Intermodal transport involves several stakeholders and components, thus requiring an intensive flow of information (Kine, Gebresenbet, Tavasszy, & Ljungberg, 2022). An institution like a government capable of reaching all should be in control. In social-technical systems, evidence shows that governments outperform privatized institutions. The state plays 13 different roles in the governance of socio-technical systems: Observer, mitigator, opportunist, facilitator, lead user, enabler of societal engagement, promoter, moderator, gatekeeper, initiator, and watchdog (Borrás & Edler, 2020). Incorporating these in the transport industry would save a lot of wasted time and hassle. The US government has intelligence tools at its disposal, and it can do better work in observing than private individuals. It is also respected and can-do mitigation in case of intermodal transport conflict. It can be relied on to facilitate innovation in the system because of the ease of additional funding. The government also far outperforms the private industry in promoting, moderating, and initiating intermodal transportation projects. With access to security officials, no organization can beat the government in the enforcement of intermodal transport principles. Justification The days of the US Department of Defense (DOD) being the global leader in defense technology are over. This is despite being the most funded defense department in the world. The declining dominance is attributed to the department’s public-private partnerships to procure technological resources. On the other hand, the nuclear power production industry, which for unavoidable reasons, is left in the control of the government, continues to prosper. The state’s role in the mode of governance of the nuclear power socio-technical system is very central to its success (Borrás & Edler, 2020). It offers transformative, innovative, and responsible leadership in a conflict-filled field. One of the conditions for the development of intermodal transport is better access to intermodal logistics networks offering appropriate line and point infrastructure (Przybylska & Dohn, 2019). This can only be achieved by the government as private investors seek to maximize profit at the expense of productivity, as observed in the case of the DOD. References Borrás, S., & Edler, J. (2020). The roles of the state in the governance of Socio-Technical Systems’ transformation. Research Policy, 49 (5), 103971. Kine, H. Z., Gebresenbet, G., Tavasszy, L., & Ljungberg, D. (2022). Digitalization and automation in intermodal freight transport and their potential application for low-income countries. Future Transportation, 2 (1), 41-54. Konings, R., Priemus, H., & Nijkamp, P. (2008). The role of government in fostering intermodal transport innovations: Perceived lessons and obstacles in the United States. In J. W. Konings (Eds.), The future of intermodal freight transport: Operations, Design and Policy (pp. 302-322). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Przybylska, E., & Dohn, K. (2019). Analysis of Intermodal Freight Transport: Stakeholders in a Selected Cross-Border Area (Doctoral dissertation, Silesian University of Technology). Appendix A Use these guidelines if the customer asks for appendices. The first paragraph of the appendix should be flush with the left margin. Additional paragraphs should be indented. Begin each appendix on a new page with the word “Appendix” at the top center. Use an identifying capital letter (e.g., Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.) if you have more than one appendix. If you are referring to more than one appendix in your text, use the plural appendices (APA only). Label tables and figures in the appendix as you would in the text of your manuscript, using the letter A before the number to clarify that the table or figure belongs to the appendix. Appendix B Demographic Information for Cummings et al. (2002)’s Review If an appendix consists entirely of a table or figure, the title of the table or figure should serve as the title of the appendix.

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GP Training in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services Essay The YouTube video published by GP Synergy, “GP Training in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services,” sends a message that Aboriginal Medical Services play a crucial role within the diverse community. The services are essential for providing culturally sensitive and high-quality care to the target populations, often marginalized and underserved, ensuring they have everything they need to tackle rising health concerns. The comprehensive set of services provided by the medical facilities ensures that the patients from the Aboriginal community have access to affordable and convenient health care. One service can support multiple aspects of clients’ lives. The comprehensive approach toward culturally-sensitive care is especially relevant in addressing the social determinants of health (SHOD), which encompass multiple areas of the population’s health, well-being, and quality of life. SDOH includes safe housing, neighborhoods, convenient transportation, racial discrimination and violence, education, income, job opportunities, access to nutritional foods, low-quality air and water, and language and literacy skills (Healthy People 2030, 2020). Therefore, the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services aims to address the health disparities and inequities that most Aboriginal patients encounter (Pearson et al., 2020). The professionals working within the Aboriginal Community Health Services framework underline the importance of patient education to ensure that the population is aware of its potential health challenges and knows about the necessity of early prevention and management. The prominent SHOD that is being discussed in the “GP Training in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services” video is discrimination. The health center workers acknowledge that many of their patients have experienced discrimination in the healthcare system and want to receive culturally-sensitive services (Kim, 2019). Providing such services is challenging because healthcare workers do not know what to expect from each patient and must be prepared to carry out culturally sensitive services (Jongen, McCalman, and Bainbridge, 2018). Care continuity is especially relevant in this case because when patients feel that they are being discriminated against or misunderstood, they are less likely to return to their providers to continue treatment or screening for their core health concerns. Even though implementing culturally sensitive care and addressing the SHOD of discrimination is challenging for providers, it is also highly rewarding. The patients discriminated against want to feel accepted, understood, and cared for. Because of this, the workers of the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services institutions always prioritize building meaningful relationships with their patients (Luft, 2017). Besides, the professionals have noted that they have taken the role of advocates who support their patients in terms of healthcare services and their acceptance in their immediate community and the larger society. Therefore, the work of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services professionals entails consistent collaboration between themselves and their patients who feel underserved and misunderstood. To conclude, addressing the social determinants of health that affects the Aboriginal community is a demanding process that requires dedication and focuses on the unique needs of patients coming to a facility to receive culturally-sensitive care. Undoubtedly, the process will take some time because healthcare providers must be well-prepared and well-versed in the social determinants of health affecting their clients. Reference List GP Synergy. (2017). GP training in Aboriginal community controlled health services . Web. Healthy People 2030. (2020) Social determinants of health . Web. Jongen, C., McCalman, J., and Bainbridge, R. (2018 ‘Health workforce cultural competency interventions: a systematic scoping review’, BMC Health Services Research , 18(1), pp. 232. Kim P. J. (2019) ‘Social determinants of health inequities in Indigenous Canadians through a life course approach to colonialism and the residential school system’, Health Equity , 3(1), pp. 378-381. Luft L. M. (2017) ‘The essential role of physician as advocate: how and why we pass it on’ Canadian Medical Education Journal , 8(3), pp. e109-e116. Pearson, O., Schwartzkopff, K., Dawson, A., Hagger, C., Karagi, A., Davy, C., Brown, A. and Braunack-Mayer, A. (2020) ‘Aboriginal community controlled health organisations address health equity through action on the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia’, BMC Public Health , 20, pp. 1859.

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Greco-Roman Culture in Western Civilization Essay The cultural effects of Roman dominance over the Greek-speaking regions is a fascinating topic that has attracted great scientific interest, especially in the last couple of years. The impact of the interaction between two cultures varied in time and space and was definitely more prominent in places where Roman communities had emerged. These communities served as the so-called influence vectors, and their long residing alongside Greeks resulted in the transmission of Roman elements into public life. One of such elements was Roman names, the dissemination of which may be explained by the existence of networks of exchange and the sense of identity of name bearers. Rizakis (2019) notes that the introduction of the Greeks to the Roman system of naming with its further adaptation to their norms and the Roman names adoption by peregrine Greeks are two different phenomena. However, they both are examples of the interaction process between the two traditions, which gradually led to the appearance of a common onomastic culture. This acculturation form, increased in the 2 nd century AD, showed wide regional variability, and the reception of it was different in different cities and social classes. These cultural transfers were mostly mediated by civic elites, as their purpose was to pass on their influence by name – both in a regional context and more broadly, on a system level. Tria nomina, in particular, and its use in the imperial period especially, as stated by Rizakis (2019), was a source of pride, power, and prestige. Due to this, some names became popular as expressions of the shared culture and were accepted and adopted, albeit on a small scale, by the lower classes as well, having lost their original meaning. However, the dominance of Roman names as the distinguishing signs of the Empire’s free citizens took place for a short amount of time. As per Rizakis (2019), by the end of the 3 rd century AD, a new way of identity expression appeared – a single naming system using separate Greek and Roman names. At first it was used sparingly but after the reign of Constantine – and especially during the period of late antiquity – it started being employed in almost all Roman provinces. This change, advanced by Christianity’s progress and the Roman Empire’s decline, might be deemed as a return to the Greek naming tradition. Reference Rizakis, A. (2019). New identities in the Greco-Roman East: cultural and legal implications of the use of Roman names. Proceedings of the British Academy, 222, 237-57. Web.

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Greco-Roman Culture: The Naming System Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Names during the Republic Period 3. Slave Names and the Influence of Christianity 4. Roman Names of the Late Empire 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Greco-Roman antiquity is a bright page in the history of civilization, representing a mixture of knowledge, ideas, traditions, and customs that were formed from the fusion of the Greek and Roman peoples. When the Romans conquered Greece and began assimilating local culture, well-educated Roman citizens learned Greek and interacted with the newly conquered culture. It was not just a copy of the Greek and Hellenistic models, because as a result of the merger, a completely new, unique culture was formed. This new cultural model influenced all spheres of public life, including such a broad topic as the naming traditions in ancient Rome. Names during the Republic Period In the era of the Republic and later, the Romans bore three names. Praenomen corresponds to our familiar names: Marcus, Gaius, Lucius, etc. Nomen gentilicium indicates the clan to which a person belongs: it is something like our surname, but in a broader sense, it includes many other families and sometimes extends to thousands of people (genus – gens). Cognomen is a nickname that indicates any character trait or appearance of a person. For example, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa is a common Roman nomenclature (Diazilla, 2022). According to Rizakis (2019), traditional Greek names express the individuality of their owners. However, from the 2nd century BC, i.e., after the conquest of Greece by Rome, many noble Greeks began to use the Roman nomenclature in official honorific documents. Nevertheless, the Greek nobility still managed to apply their traditions to the Roman nomenclature (Kantola & Nuorluoto, 2022). Moreover, the Greeks continued to use their usual single names – praenomen in an informal context. Figure 1. 8 Conferenza I classico (tria nomina) (Diazilla, 2022) Slave Names and the Influence of Christianity As in Greece, slaves could keep the names at birth in Rome. More often, however, slaves were distinguished by their origin in homes and estates, and then the ethnicon replaced the personal name: Sir, Gallus, etc. Enslaved people were often called puer – a boy – combining this designation with the name of the master in the genitive case (Lewis, 2018). Thus, the slave of Marcus became Marziporus, and the slave of Publius became Publiporus. Christianity, trying to break away from the pagan tradition of names, decisively introduced into the nomenclature unusual, artificially created, and sometimes quite bizarre constructions based on Christian ritual formulas or prayers. Here are some examples: Adeodata is “God-given,” Deogratias is “thanksgiving to God,” and even Kvodvultdeus is “what God wants.” Partly influenced by Christianity from the 3rd century AD, a new naming system emerged in ancient Rome – just a single name, Greek or Latin (Rizakis, 2019). Therefore, Christianity particularly caused the change of the usual Roman naming system. Roman Names of the Late Empire By the middle of the 1st millennium AD, the previously most common tria nomina gradually lost its relevance and was replaced by simple names following the example of the Greek ones. Thus, common Greek first names, like Agathe or Kynthia, were returned to use (Bilal, 2022). Kantola and Nuorluoto (2022) claim that by the time of the conquest of Rome by the barbarians, the triple nomenclature had been preserved only by representatives of the noblest families. However, parts of the names used in tria nomina have survived to the present day in a modified form and are still in use nowadays. Figure 2. 8 Greek names (Bilal, 2022) Conclusion Throughout Antiquity, in different periods, there was the dominance of both the Roman naming system and the Greek one. In the end, it was the Greek model that was the winner. Most likely, this happened because of the greater convenience of using the double nomenclature compared to its competitor. However, the triple system is still preserved in some Eastern European countries, although it differs from the one used in ancient Rome. References Bilal, M. (n.d.). Greek names [Online image]. Greek names: 190+ ancient and classical Greek warrior names. Diazilla. (n.d.). 8 Conferenza I classico (tria nomina) [Online image]. Kantola U., Nuorluoto T. (2022). Names and identities of Greek elites with Roman citizenship. In C. Krötzl, K. Mustakallio & M. Tamminen (Eds.), Negotiation, collaboration and conflict in ancient and medieval communities (pp. 20-26). Routledge. Lewis, D. M. (2018). Greek slave systems in their Eastern Mediterranean context, c.800-146 BC. OUP Oxford. Rizakis, A. (2019). New identities in the Greco-Roman East: cultural and legal implications of the use of Roman names. Proceedings of the British Academy, 237-57. Web.

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Greece History: Ancient History Points Essay The ancient historical texts on Minoans published by Halsall reflect some facts about their history discovered much later than these accounts had been compiled. Namely, Plutarch’s story about Theseus demonstrates the notion of the lack of defensive works in Crete. According to this text, Theseus invaded the island’s port and captured it quickly since its citizens mistook his navy for their own. This detail could remind the truth: Minoans were merchants and did not develop extensive safeguards. Moreover, Herodotos’ text depicts the extinction of Cretans, which corresponds to the archeological data, although they mention the eruption as the main factor for the demise of Minoans. British Institute at Ankara’s video about Helen of Troy is quite informative about the representation of women in ancient times. As such, Helen was perceived as the most magnificent and feminine person for many centuries in Athens as well as Sparta. Moreover, it is known that she became worshipped as a goddess in Laconia. Greeks often depicted Helen via the use of the most precious materials, which signified the importance of this character. This woman was traditionally perceived as a seducer and even the cause of sorrow in the Ancient Greek culture. Moreover, the image of Helen of Troy has surpassed time and is still used as a euphemism of beauty. Evelyn-White’s translation of Hesiod’s Theogony presents valuable knowledge about the Greek religion. Hesiod describes the gods as anthropomorphous beings who at the same time have natural power or represent parts of the universe themselves. For example, the Earth and the Heaven are consorts that produce other gods, which are often associated with emotions or natural phenomena. The story about Heaven (Uranus) being castrated by his rebellious child, Chronos, is especially remarkable. The war of generations and overthrowing the elder by the younger is also present in Mesopotamian, Scandinavian, and other mythologies. Hesiod’s poem clarifies the Greek conception of gods: the primordial being and their offspring having unlimited powers in the world, and yet creatures with human emotions and motives. Women by Semonides of Amorgos, published by Temperance, depicts male Greeks’ expectations for their women. The author enumerates the types of women created by Zeus and primarily serve as an eternal punishment for mankind. Semonides describes females that are not beautiful in a sarcastic manner, yet he condemns women who care about their appearance and hygiene. Moreover, he complains about females that care about their household too much, as well as about ones who keep it not in the best ways; irritation expressed by wives also disappoints him. A proper married woman, according to Semonides, should be like a bee: working with joy and caring for her family. Furthermore, she should be a competent householder and not participate in raves with her girlfriends. Sappho’s Hymn to Aphrodite is an exciting piece of poetry for several reasons. First, it implies that the mortals and the gods can interact; people can pray for the help of the divinities and expect it to be fulfilled. This notion suggests that gods can be both benevolent and cruel, and the fate of humans is always at their will. Moreover, this poem indicates that Aphrodite is a goddess of love who interacts with human relationships by exercising her powers. So, by begging Aphrodite to end the struggle and enter the fight, Sappho invokes the wreath of the goddess for a human being that has disappointed her love affairs. Works Cited British Institute at Ankara. “ Helen of Troy: Goddess, princess, seductress: A BIAA lecture by Bettany Hughes ”. YouTube . 2016. Web. Evelyn-White, Hugh G. “ The Theogony of Hesiod ”. Sacred Texts , 1914. Web. Halsall, Paul. “Reports of Minos and Knossos.” Internet History Sourcebooks Project , 1998. Web. Sappho. “ Hymn to Aphrodite ”. Poetry Archive . Web. Temperance, Elani. “Women, by Semonides of Amorgos.” Baring the Aegis . 2022. Web.

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Grey Bull: Plot, Setting, and Characters Essay (Movie Review) The way of life of South Sudan honestly does believe bulls to be vital; they are utilized in numerous services and butchered to take care of the whole family. Grey Bull is a film that mirrors the social meaning of the bull to South Sudanese individuals. Grey Bull , composed and coordinated by Eddie Bell, is a short film of around 15 minutes that reviews the antagonism between Martin, a South Sudanese man, and the owner of his cows’ slaughterhouse. The foundations of Bell’s story look back to the 1800s when one more novice to Australian shores was thinking of himself in the set of history books. “The principal part of a thought was that I needed to make a cutting-edge Ned Kelly story,” the video director uncovers in a discussion with Short of the Week. Grey Bull includes some strong creations, yet it is the strength of the story and the exhibitions that truly got many viewers’ attention. It is not difficult to see why director Bell won recognition for such a guaranteed film. At the point when relocation is a hotly debated issue around the world, it’s invigorating to be given a story circling a migrant that genuinely feels like it’s introducing a good perspective on one such excursion. A tale about leaving your past behind so you can zero in on your future. Grey Bull is a film that incites its crowd into taking on the perspective of its principal character and poses a few significant inquiries about displacement. The film has neither saints nor great intrigues, making it exclusively about a man character emergency. However, in some way or another, the effortlessness of the visuals and nuance of the themes makes it agreeable to watch and adequately fascinating to rewatch once more. The visuals are dazzling to move the more oversimplified case. Every scene in this short film is without a hitch and intentionally shot with the viewer’s goal generally well. Every shot is calculated and sufficiently bright, frequently emphasizing the perfect thing with impeccable timing, providing a way to picturesque guidance, where the video director will deliberately place spotlight and upgrade on a particular setting, article, subject, or conceptual point to pass on a message or feeling in the scene. The shading reviewed in the film is fresh, great, and satisfying to the eye; no blasts or channels are essential – each edge of this short movie is satisfying when watching. Away from the camera works, Grey Bull has a surface to the entire job, a belief, and a mood that intensely influences the audience’s feelings during the review. The climate or lighting assumes a severe part in each shot, frequently making the generally tranquil and tired film significantly more cloudy and toiling. However, this does not jeopardize the movie; it makes the occurrence considerably more reasonable and exciting. This is wholly built build-up by the strained and semi-off-kilter story of binding together and absorbing clashes with the living. The movie stays away from platitudes and tells a legitimate and consistent biography of a man loaded with inward struggle and compelled to pick either his previous or future life. Grey Bull acts according to the usual short movie style: lay out the person, the contention, and the theme of the story, and let it work out so that it is straightforward. It is convenient and compacts while also finishing with the typical closure of a short film being somehow or another enigmatic or open-finished. The initial 3/4ths of the film’s length that relates to the primary and straightforward recounting of the story before the consummation is enthralling and somewhat relieving while as yet keeping the strained, abnormal feeling in the air that tends to be serene now and again. However, explicit focuses break the harmony and contribute to a reestablished sensation of contention that gets the crowd’s notice once more, all paving the way to a last unforeseen and shaking end. The end being, to some degree, enigmatic and open-finished makes for an excellent method for snagging the crowd into assessing the film. This makes them theorize and surmise with regard to how and why the film had that particular closure – which is astute and makes for a movie that can be talked about for a very long time. Generally, the film gets a strong 9/10 making it flawed, as no film at any point truly is, yet it comes staggeringly near flawlessness. Grey Bull is a film that can be watched by anybody regardless of the crowd, age, culture, or educational encounters. I suggest everybody entirely watch the movie, process it, and provide it with a considerable measure of thought. Grey Bull gives an exciting and novel story-driven experience that enraptures the personalities and feelings of its viewers while, at the same time, moving them nearer and further away to a compact completion, which permits them to process and think of their hypotheses that at last make the film simply that more intuitive.

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Grocery Shopping and Related Influences Essay It goes without saying that multiple factors determine health through grocery purchasing. Among them, income and lifestyle were identified – both of them impact the quality of purchased products. Thus, families with low-income prefer cheaper canned vegetables instead of fresh ones due to limited budget. In addition, people who live a healthy lifestyle or training for particular sports achievement are forced to choose more organic, thus, more expensive products. As a matter of fact, there is a group of factors that may additionally impact purchasing behavior and the consumption of food that determine physical well-being. According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, social determinants of health include economic stability, education, health care access, environment, and community context (Healthy People 2030, n.d.). On the basis of this list, it is possible to assume that the level of education may also influence grocery purchasing. For instance, a person who has knowledge related to nutrition and is aware of the negative impact of snacks, sugar, and canned food on health, will undertake all efforts to avoid these products regardless of his socioeconomic status. In addition, racial inequities and discrimination also impact grocery shopping. According to experts, Black Americans has limited to access to supermarkets due to its concentration in white neighborhood supported by racial segregation (Meyersohn, 2020). Moreover, healthy products are less available for them as well, however, there are other factors involved in this situation. For instance, due to structural racism, Blacks have less opportunities to receive good education and good job with good income – as a result, their financial state cannot afford the purchasing of organic products. Finally, individual habits also play a role in consumer behavior – in other words, people make their choice in favor or against healthy food on the basis of preferences that are not determined by external factors. References Healthy People 2030. (n.d.). Social determinants of health . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Meyersohn, N. (2020). How the rise of supermarkets left out black America . CNN Business.

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Group Influence as a Social Psychology Issue Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Positive Effect 3. Negative Influence 4. Conclusion 5. Reference Introduction People’s behavior and opinions can be affected by other individuals, mainly if they belong to the same company. Group influence is a phenomenon that occurs when most persons in a group are constantly interacting to affect the attitudes and conduct of others in that team. Groups have many different forms, including family, friends, work, socializing, and more. Teams use their shared beliefs and experiences to strengthen the group, which can be positive or negative. It is important to review my experience and indicate how the group influence has impacted me. Positive Effect Individuals who work in social groups have a better chance of achieving improved results than if they operated separately. Accordingly, Triplett indicated that functioning in a group even causes a certain amount of competition, giving the example of bicycle riders (Myers & Twenge, 2019). In other words, they were faster and more efficient when they rode in a team than when they were alone. Subsequent experiments have proven that people in a group are faster at performing mental activities, such as mathematical assignments. It should be pointed out that my experience also supports this concept. When I do my homework with friends, there is a discussion, and everyone wants to express the proper and best idea. Consequently, I work more quickly and intensively, which leads to positive results. At the time when I practiced this kind of homework, my grades improved, not only for the task I completed but also for my work in class. Robert Zajonc attributed this phenomenon to the fact that the excitement generated by competition stimulates brain performance (Myers & Twenge, 2019). Therefore, it is effective for me to work in a group to maintain an atmosphere of tension that enables me to reach my maximum potential and the class. Negative Influence A person can regulate and control his/her own behavior and actions due to his knowledge of himself and his moral, mental, and physical powers. This is where the significant role of consciousness is discovered because it has a considerable impact on the activity and life of each individual. Therefore, it is essential to determine how a group impacts people’s minds and desires. Some theories argue that a powerful collective effect has a negative impact on an individual’s self-awareness (Myers& Twenge, 2019). Thus, human beings who cannot assert their own judgment are subjected to the desires and authorities of the stronger team members. I have my own negative experience; a few months ago, my acquaintances organized a party, and I was invited. I knew a few of my friends there, and other people were strangers. It is worth noting that there were fifteen persons in the house and several of them, who have leadership abilities, started influencing the others. They suggested drinking more alcohol and setting the music louder, and the other people followed their lead. On the other hand, I expressed my own views, saying that I would not drink anymore and that I could not make the music louder in order not to disturb the neighbors. Accordingly, I did not submit to the pressure and authority of the group but was capable of clearly expressing my vision of the situation. The other members of the party had a low self-awareness and were willing to the negative impact. Conclusion Hence, group influence is an interesting phenomenon because it can have both negative and positive effects. Group spirit and competition can encourage team members to join together to achieve a better result or strain their brains to express excellent ideas to others. Thus, it contributes to effectiveness in many areas, such as sports or learning. Although group effect has negative consequences for people easily influenced by others, they generally have low self-awareness. Unfortunately, problems and unpleasant situations often arise in such cases. Therefore, group impact is multi-faceted, from which only the positive aspects that will motivate to develop should be chosen. Reference Myers, D., & Twenge, J. (2019). Loose-leaf for social psychology . McGraw Hill Education.

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Group Leadership and Problem Solving Essay Introduction Groups are common in almost every aspect of human life. They can be formal or informal and are found at home, school, or the workplace. Groups feature people with shared responsibility and objectives. Collaboration is vital as the workload is spread among the members. Communication, sacrifice, and tolerance must be in plenty, given that different personalities are involved. Group leadership is an essential skill that determines the group’s success by creating a relaxed atmosphere, keeping the group focused on the goal, and mitigating conflicts. Type of Group: Workplace I work in the sales department as a supervisor managing 20 members. Our role is centered on pushing sales and making more profits for the company. As a group leader, I have the responsibility of ensuring that our objectives are aligned with the overall company objectives. Unfortunately, my group is laden with some behavioral challenges such as time management and resistance to direction, which affect performance negatively. Encountered Problems Missed Targets Some team members have been missing the weekly sales targets, and most of the culprits show no signs of improvement. At first, the issue was with three of them, but the problem has escalated and now affects almost half of the team. Because of this, the overall team performance has been compromised. As the leader, I need to address this to inspire everyone back to their winning moods. Poor Time Management Part of the reason why the team is underperforming is poor time management. The work policy stipulates that all staff should report to work at 9:00 A.M and leave at 5:00 P.M. However, some of the staff in my group do not always observe time. Reporting late takes away some hours that could otherwise have been used to generate more sales and thus boost performance. Resistance to Direction As the group leader, I am responsible for developing strategies that I expect everyone to follow. While some members always cooperate in supporting me in the role, some have fashioned themselves as a resistance faction. The group often rejects most of my ideas during meetings and tries to pull the rest toward their position. This has hampered progress as we spend too much time on unproductive arguments and counterarguments. Low Motivation My team’s motivation has been on a downward trajectory for the last two months, which is a worrying trend. The low motivation forms the foundation for all the other challenges currently affecting members’ performance. This is a grave concern, given that performance is dependent on motivation as a significant factor. A preliminary investigation shows that my members are not satisfied with the current working conditions. The solution to the Problems The identified problems are all behavioral and could be solved through some approaches proposed by behaviorism psychologists such as Ivan Pavlov and B.F Skinner. Human behavior is subject to change based on modifying factors such as motivation. Positive behavior should be reinforced to flourish, while negative behavior should be discouraged to diminish. As a group leader, I would approach the problems from a behavioral angle employing such techniques as classical conditioning, positive reinforcement, behavior shaping, behavior modeling, reinforcement schedules, and punishment where applicable. Classical Conditioning Developed by Ian Pavlov, classical conditioning suggests that learning happens through a conditioned action triggered by a combination of unconditioned and neutral stimuli (Rehman et al., 2022). I would introduce weekly rewards attached to sales performance. The move is likely to make the members associate the rewards with their roles every time they meet the set target; they get rewarded. This will be effective in solving the problem of missed targets. Positive Reinforcement Positive reinforcement involves taking actions such as using rewards to promote good behavior and inspire a long-term positive character (Itri et al., 2019). The approach will apply to solving the problem of time management affecting my group’s current affecting members. I will recognize and commend members who report to their duties on time to inspire a repeated action that would ultimately become a sustained behavior. Behavior Shaping Behavior shaping is a deliberate process aimed at modifying one’s character. Shaping my group members’ behavior could help check their resistance to my ideas. The process starts with changing their perspectives on how they perceive me as their leader. I should incorporate their suggestions rather than make unilateral decisions. By adopting a more approachable and collaborative behavior, my team members will reduce their negative perceptions of me and thus help neutralize resistance. Behavior Modeling Behavior modeling inspires character change by watching others do it and imitating their actions. The technique will be instrumental in solving the problem of missed targets. Most of the members who post low sales accuse me of being out of touch with reality. To solve this, I will join them to demonstrate and share my experience, which I believe can influence the performance of members. Reinforcement/Schedules of Reinforcement The technique will be applicable in solving the low motivation problem. Introducing scheduled rewards is vital in inspiring members. Regular outing events after every quarter would help improve team cohesiveness, thus boosting overall enthusiasm. In addition, cash and other rewards used in regular intervals can help keep the group focused. Therefore, I would use scheduled reinforcements to inspire and sustain member motivation. Punishment Punishment is characterized by reprimands that can show cause and withdrawal of one’s benefits. While this technique might produce desired results in solving the identified problems in my group, it is not effective. Any form of punishment is likely to escalate the current issues leading to more disgruntled members. The technique as a behavioral deterrent only increases fear among the members rather than leading to desirable behavior. Conclusion In conclusion, group leaders should work towards building effective and responsive teams. Competent leaders should identify problems affecting their groups and take preventive and curative measures. The science of behaviorism suggests some techniques that can be used to modify behavior. Classical conditional, behavior shaping, behavior modeling, and reinforcement are effective inspiring and sustaining positive behavior. While some organizations utilize punishment, this technique should be avoided as it only creates fear. Overall, group leaders have a responsibility of keeping members cohesive and focused on the shared objectives. References Itri, J. N., Bruno, M. A., Lalwani, N., Munden, R. F., & Tappouni, R. (2019). The incentive dilemma: Intrinsic motivation and workplace performance . Journal of the American College of Radiology: JACR , 16 (1), 39–44. Rehman, I., Mahabadi, N., Sanvictores, T., & Rehman, C. (2022). Classical conditioning .

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Gustave Moreau’s Painting Jupiter and Semele Essay Gustave Moreau is a renowned Symbolist who invoked the motifs of ancient myths in his works. An example of such a work is Jupiter and Semele , which he painted in 1985 in France (Smith par. 1). The story expressed on the canvas originated from Ancient Greece, afterward assimilated and revoked by Romans. Namely, Jupiter, the supreme god of the Roman pantheon, fell in love with Semele, a mortal woman, whom he impregnated. His angered wife, Juno, tricked Semele into pleading with Jupiter to reveal his genuine appearance before her. This wish was fulfilled, yet the divine nature of Jupiter’s emanation was above the limits of what a human can perceive and suffer, so Semele died, and her child was cut out of her body. Moreau’s work depicts this tragic plot and indicates the theme of the difference between humans and the divine by portraying Jupiter and Semele on the border of heaven and the underworld. The mentioned piece of art might seem somewhat baroque because of the excessive sumptuous details. The central figure in the painting is giant Jupiter with luminous thunders haloed over his head. He sits on a throne, enriched with Eastern-style figurines and jewel-like flora, and holds frightened Semele, who bleeds and looks like a marble statuette. Above the god, giant columns penetrate the heaven; in the down part, various divinities and phantasmagoric creatures abide. Nearby Jupiter’s throne, Moreau placed an eagle, two struggling females, and a fawn, which would be identified later in the work. Although there is a clear symmetric composition of the painting, its multiple elements make it difficult to discern the dominant images. Indeed, the central detail might be said to be Jupiter’s enormous body and visage. He wears countless ornaments and gems, as well as symbolic objects of various cultures: for example, Indian lotus and Egyptian scarab. These artifacts might signify the despotic nature of the heavens’ sovereign, similar to that of the Eastern rulers and Egyptian pharaohs. Moreover, the stern and penetrating gaze, aimed at the viewer of the painting, demonstrates the resolute spirit of the god. Hence, in Jupiter, Moreau portrayed the saturated divine essence, which is all-powerful and looming over humans. Next, Semele is highlighted by the whitish color of her skin and gown; she is also a dominating detail. Her appearance contrast with that of Jupiter: she is almost nude, with only some cloth laying on her leg. This image symbolized the nakedness of humans before the god, which is most likely Christian God, although Moreau uses symbols unrelated to Christianity. The newborn Dionysus, who is dispatched from Semele already, as seen by the blood of her body, is often compared to Jesus. Thus, Semele’s direct interaction with god demonstrates the inability of humans to conceive the divine because of the immense differences between them. Furthermore, three figures attract the attention of the viewer: the two sitting women and a half-man near Jupiter. From the left, the first female is Death holding a speared sword with blood on it and either covering her face from shame or removing tears with a piece of her dress (Smith). Next to her, Pan with the hooved legs resides; he is another Greco-Roman divinity and a symbol of terror. Finally, the woman in medieval clothes and with a thorn wreath over her head is Pain or Sorrow (Smith). These characters illustrate the stable accompanying states of human living. Thus, one more time, the mortality, suffering, and angst of people are contrasted with God’s realm. Finally, it is necessary to outline the meaning of the depiction of the upper world and the lower domain. The divine part, which surrounds Jupiter’s throne, is embedded with picturesque architecture, vegetation, and angelic figures appear in it. In turn, the downside of the painting illustrates, for example, Hecate, who was a divine patron of witches and sorcerers. The other winged or haloed divinities and creatures are also present. This is probably the human world, full of evils and unknown threats. This place and the heavens intersect with each other, indicating a connection between the divine and mortal. The other theme depicted in the work and connected to the contrast between human and divine might be rebirth. Namely, the death of Semele followed by the birth of Dionysus is the symbol of the uninterrupted cycle of life. Moreover, Dionysus is also considered a god, which means that although the differences between the two worlds are immense, they still have a connection and are interrelated. Hence, whatever cruel and non-benevolent God might be, he is still present in the lives of people. To conclude, Gustave Moreau’s Jupiter and Semele is a complex composition with a meaning that is not clearly defined. However, this paper demonstrates that the dominant symbols and elements of the painting all play role in contrasting human and divine nature. Thus, Moreau’s presentation of the ancient myth has a completely new sense from the original plot, somewhat affected by Christianity, although depicted with Eastern aesthetics. Work Cited Smith, Geoffrey. “Jupiter and Semele.” Great Works of Western Art . Web.

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Habitual Offences and Sentencing Guidelines Essay Introduction The justice system in the United States of America was designed to fulfill a number of specific social and moral goals. It fulfills a retributive purpose, punishing those that are deemed to be unlawful or morally lacking. Alternatively, justice is also procedural, determining how people in society must be treated. Justice can also be restorative, aiming to integrate individuals back into society. The understanding of which aims must take precedence depends on the person. Once a person serves their sentence and comes out of prison, it is generally expected that they will be able to become a normally functioning member of society, capable of following its rules and regulations. However, in many cases, people commit more crimes after being freed. These types of individuals are often called repeat offenders, habitual offenders, or career offenders. Present systems of post-convict integration and the associated safety nets are considerably lacking, leading to many people struggling outside of prison. In most cases, repeat offender is not able to fully adapt to life outside of the criminal justice system, making them turn to the only lifestyle they are familiar with – lawlessness. Due to this fact, the US legislation also includes certain laws and guidelines for working with those who have previous experience with the justice system. The existence of Career offender guidelines is aimed at reducing cases of recidivism and discouraging criminal behavior. However, the actual effectiveness of such methods varies severely. This review will focus on discussing career offender guidelines and their effectiveness within the justice system. Overview Career Offenders First, the designation “career offender” itself can be discussed. A person is considered to be a serial offender when they meet a number of criteria, including being over 18 years old at the time of a crime, being convicted of a violent or drug-related crime, and having at least two prior similar offenses (Burnham & Gorokhov, 2017). Meeting all of the above criteria makes one a career offender within the US justice system. When assigned such a status, it incurs a number of penalties with it, primarily focusing on the severity of sentencing. Usually, the minimum charge in court is increased, making any potential criminal repercussions more severe than they would have been otherwise (Burnham & Gorokhov, 2017). Additionally, the criminal history of a person considered a career offender is placed in a heavier category. The combination of the two results in most career offenders getting spending more time in the prison system. An individual is able to challenge their designation, and not all people are eligible for the title of a career offender. While the career offender system was designed in order to prevent repeat offenses and discourage criminality, the actual sentence limits were not established using empirical data. All of the increased sentences provided under this legislation are estimates. Additionally, it can be noted that the career offender system overlooks many types of crime prevalent in society. Corporate crime, theft, and inappropriate actions against others are not covered by the repeat offender guidelines. This approach makes the system especially prone to be ineffective or to target certain types of people more than others. Due to the correlation between certain living conditions, income, and poverty, drug, and violence-related sentencing disproportionately affects social groups (Blankenship et al., 2018). In particular, black people are much more likely to be prosecuted for drug-related offenses. In regards to the career offender guidelines, this means that black people and other people of color find it more difficult to leave the prison system (Blankenship et al., 2018). Even in cases where an individual is able to serve their sentence fully, the actual process of adjusting to normal life often becomes too difficult. A disparity between sentencing outcomes and treatment negatively affects the wellness of non-white communities. Black men, historically the most vulnerable demographic for the prison system, are separated from their communities and left unable to integrate. Three-Strike Law The three-strike law is a more general way of referring to systems such as the career offender guidelines. As evidenced by the name, these types of guidelines put heavy punishments on people after they have been found guilty three times. Designed in order to increase the punishment for repeat offenders, the actual way the laws are implemented depends on the state. Compared to the career offender guidelines, the three-strike approach focuses on certain types of felonies. Most states have implemented this law into action with varying degrees of severity. Life sentences are a large issue concerning the three-strike law, as the majority of people are committed to prison for life following their actions. In California, for example, no consideration is taken for the time between each crime, meaning that a person can get a life sentence as a consequence of something they did many years ago. In addition, the three-strikes legislation also has other similarities with the career offender guidelines. The political aspect of criminal understanding is enhanced within this framework, and crimes considered to be more socially reprehensive become more likely to warrant increased sentencing Researchers also say that it is likely to be ineffective at preventing crime instead of working to promote social inequality. As discussed in work “Reimagining Criminal Justice”, the law was initially passed in order to keep socially detrimental individuals and outcasts away from others and safeguard the wellness of society. This meant that people such as murderers and rapists would have fewer opportunities to re-offend (Flores, 2020). However, with the current version of the law, most people under its influence serve sentences for non-violent crimes. The Three-strike system does not fulfill its stated goals and actively worsens the livelihoods of smaller offenders. First Step Act The third notable piece of legislation is the First Step Act. Compared to the two discussed before, this law is used to help repeat offenders improve their standing. Signed comparatively recently, in 2018, the act was promised to lead to less recidivism. The legislation was designed in order to cut existing unnecessarily long prison sentences while also providing criminals with a framework of self-betterment. In addition, it was designed to make the present prison conditions better. Inhumane and violent practices of prison are cut short by the new legislation, limiting the amount of physical and mental stress prisoners fall under. Additionally, the First Step Act gives judges more freedom to assign lower sentences to repeat offenders. Shortly after the time of its approval, 3100 inmates had the chance to be released back into society after sentence reductions ( The first step act of 2018: An overview ). The effects of the act were immediate, with people starting to get shorter time in prison ( The first step act of 2018: An overview ). However, the actual overall effectiveness of the law remains to be seen, as it has not been fully seen through on a country-wide level. Recommendation I fully disagree with the present implementation of career offender legislation and similar initiatives. While the stated goals of more thorough punishment as a method of deterrence are clear, their actual real-life effectiveness comes under heavy criticism. As shown by a number of researchers and examinations, the singular goal repeat offender laws consistently achieve is increasing the prison population. They are not conducive to reintegration into society, are destructive to communities, and don’t act as a sufficient deterrent. Currently, existing laws actively make it more difficult for people to move through the justice system. As noted by present research, the system of career offender guidelines is both largely inhumane, unable to reach their stated goals, and detrimental to society as a whole (Saltzman, 2019). The career offender laws target specific types of criminals, most notably those connected with drugs and violence, and make their sentences considerably harsher than they could have been. Black people, due to the correlation between racial profiling, historical differences in crime statistics, and other factors, become especially vulnerable to charges related to drugs. As a result, some groups of people, and their communities, are affected more than others. The three-strike legislation, then, applies to a wider range of potential offenses, while not taking into account the time or circumstances of each one. Additionally, it fails to achieve its initial goal of keeping dangerous individuals in prisons while excessively persecuting others for non-violent offenses. Both systems can be noted as especially ineffective at rehabilitating people instead of focusing on keeping repeat offenders secluded from society within the prison system. Their combined effort disproportionally targets people of color and leads to a disparity in justice outcomes. Comparatively, laws similar to the First Step Act are designed to assist people in their integration into society. By making it easier for offenders to get lighter sentences or get a sentence reduction, they encourage lawful behavior while also reducing the strain on the prison system as a whole. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be noted that systems of interacting with repeat offenders are flawed. In many states of the US, specific versions of offender laws are implemented, each offering their own types of punishments for those that break the law repeatedly. However, the consideration for who gets punished, what they are punished for, and how long is insufficient. People with non-violent offenses are forced into living their lives in prison, while more dangerous criminals are either not rehabilitated or not picked up by the system. Legislation such as the first step act makes strides toward improving the prison system and its relation to repeated offenses; however, it does not resolve the central issue at hand. The career offender laws are not conducive to the types of outcomes society favors for prisoners. They act as a danger to less dangerous criminals while also overloading the criminal justice system. In order to remedy the existing problems of the prison complex, it is necessary to find an alternative to re-offender laws favoring restorative justice instead of punishment. Re-integration of former offenders into society improves the well-being of communities, eases the burden of the prison system, and promotes better individual outcomes. References Blankenship, K. M., del Rio Gonzalez, A. M., Keene, D. E., Groves, A. K., & Rosenberg, A. P. (2018). Mass incarceration, race inequality, and Health: Expanding Concepts and assessing impacts on well-being. Social Science & Medicine , 215 , 45–52. Burnham & Gorokhov, P. L. L. C. (2017). Career offender status in Federal Criminal Law . Burnham & Gorokhov. Flores, M. (2020). “Reimagining Criminal Justice: The Lasting Effects of the 3 Strikes Law and Proposition 20”. Reimagining Criminal Justice. 1 . Saltzman, V. (2019). Redefining Violence in the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Harvard Law School . Williams, J. M., Wilson, S. K., & Bergeson, C. (2019). “it’s hard out here if you’re a black felon”: A critical examination of black male reentry. The Prison Journal , 99 (4), 437–458.

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Hadoop Platform: Usage and Significance Research Paper Hadoop and its Operations Hadoop is an open-source platform commonly used for the storage and processing of big data. It is an approach that enhances the efficiency scale in analyzing massive datasets across different connected computers. Although a single computer can process big data based on schematics, networking improves productivity in processing information from dynamic sectors. Hadoop is a technological tool essential in the modern world due to the increasing gathering and processing of big data (Data Flair, 2022). Different institutions use the dataset for dynamic purposes, such as analyzing the behavioral indicator during the purchasing process. Therefore, it is the responsibility of executive teams to establish critical frameworks that enhance the derivation of in-depth details concerning the distinctive variables. The lack of clarity fosters subjective decision-making that results in bias due to inadequate knowledge of vital topical issues. Significance of Big Data Management Different organizations participate in the extensive data analysis due to the outcome concerning the derived apt insights on emerging trends in an industry. Over the decades, a significant percentage of the population incorporated systems across distinct sectors, such as healthcare and law-and-order practices. In this case, it is easier for a person to use big data to analyze a particular conceptual framework. Therefore, dataset management plays a crucial role in advocating for understanding consumer behavior and pattern. In a different spectrum, the processing of the quotient is an empowerment tool for artificial intelligence systems (Rowe, 2016). As a result, it is the responsibility of distinct stakeholders to exploit the massive dataset to enhance companies’ competitive advantage in marketing. Primarily, corporates invest in data analytics to attain vital information regarding their clients and the evolutionary trends. Notably, the executive team develops marketing strategies and product diversification features based on the preferential baseline. Hadoop’s Big Data Management Security Hadoop technology is a secure way to manage data due to the significant intersection of adept coding and storage structures. It is essential to distribute the big data processing across different computer mainframes to reduce the risk of overloading one computer. In this case, networking also fosters gathering specific information from various sectors and processing crucial details (Data Flair, 2022). An excellent example is the utilization of the framework in a healthcare institution. On the one hand, massive dataset processing in a clinic fosters the derivation of statistics based on clientele recovery and re-hospitalization rate. On the other hand, medical practitioners invest resources on common issues causing the prevalence of certain conditions. One of the insights that rely on extensive dataset management is understanding the dynamic lifestyle habits and implications to personal well-being. The exploitation of the dataset fosters an overview regarding the causative agents to physicians’ demand for more health-based details. Primarily, it is safe to use Hadoop to manage big data since it enlightens the stakeholders concerning specific issues within a single spectrum, such as healthcare quality. Hadoop as A Recommended Big Data Analytics Technology I would recommend using Hadoop to manage big data due to the importance of enhancing productivity. Efficiency in utilizing massive datasets empowers corporates with insights regarding distinctive approaches to consumer behavioral patterns. Apart from the necessity of understanding the clientele, other institutions sufficiently comprehend the changes in a particular system. An excellent example is the gathering weather changes and sequence as a formative strategy to demonstrate the unprecedented climate change. In this case, it is key stakeholders’ responsibility to uphold the relevance of Hadoop due to the intersection of dynamic details. Hadoop technology significantly contributes to the execution and implementation of action plans objectively (Data Flair, 2022). Over the decades, the intensification in technological use rendered the increase in the scoop of big data daily. As a result, data analytics corporates seek approaches, such as using Hadoop to enhance the productivity scale on adjusting to the evolutionary cycle. Therefore, Hadoop is recommended to boost the performance rationale across different professional practices and sectors. Hadoop Code and The Significance There are different coding mechanisms within the Hadoop system for optimal outcomes. The two standard codes include mapper and reducer, which mainly enhance datasets’ compilation under the spectrum of divide and conquer. Therefore, programmers exploit the coded language to analyze distinctive massive datasets for specific information. Below is a description of the mapper and reducer codes and their significance to the processing. Mapper code 1 publicstaticclassMap extendsMapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,IntWritable>{ 2 publicvoidmap(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throwsIOException,InterruptedException { 3 String line = value.toString(); 4 StringTokenizer tokenizer = newStringTokenizer(line); 5 while(tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) { 6 value.set(tokenizer.nextToken()); 7 context.write(value, newIntWritable(1)); 8 } The code represents the class-map used to extend the mapper defined in the MapReduce framework. In this case, the program significantly utilizes the coding to establish inherent values on input and output keys after the declaration by using the angle brackets. In this case, a java code is used in tokenizing every word and assigning a hardcoded key equivalent to 1. Reducer Code 1 publicstaticclassReduce extendsReducer<Text,IntWritable,Text,IntWritable>{ 2 publicvoidreduce(Text key, Iterablevalues,Context context) 3 throwsIOException,InterruptedException { 4 intsum=0; 5 for(IntWritable x: values) 6 { 7 sum+=x.get(); 8 } 9 context.write(key, newIntWritable(sum)); 10 } 11 } The above is a reducer class code that enshrines the apt use of extension in the ClassReducer. The input and output keys significantly attributed to the key-value pair and the necessity of boosting the performance scale. It is vital to establish the distinctive role of a single reducer using unique words to get a final answer. The Hadoop coding operates under the divide and rule perspective. In this case, the programmer focuses on the intersection of mapper and reducer to enhance the analysis of a weather update and the prediction of changes in the future. Therefore, the coded approach is an essential attributable baseline for corporates in improving the optimal gathering and analysis of big data. Hadoop Interface Tools and Their Roles The two primary Hadoop tools encompass HDFS and YARN, which play a crucial role in the performance scale of the system. HDFS focuses on the storage of big data and the ease of accessibility. In this case, Hadoop ensures the apt function of the storage units for the information gathered and prepared for assessment. YARN is another tool used for processing the collected big data (Data Flair, 2022). The element utilizes different codes in the management and analyses of the dataset to derive crucial insights. The lack of clarity risks miscommunication and inefficient execution of action plans. Therefore, it is the responsibility of programmers to establish core values on intersecting the YARN and HDFS values for adept productivity across the various institutions. The coordination of storage and processing units fosters intensifying the derivation of crucial details. As a result, it is essential to ensure optimal professionalism in the coding structure. The List of Companies using Hadoop Technology * Marks and Spencer * Royal Mail * British Airways * Royal Bank of Scotland * Expedia * Amazon Web Services * ScienceSoft * Pivotal * IBM * Microsoft * Hortonworks * MapR * Datameer * Adello * Hadapt * Kamasphere * NG Data References Data Flair. (2022). 12 frequently used Hadoop HDFS Commands with Examples & usage. Web. Rowe, W. (2016). Hadoop Tutorial for Beginners: Hadoop Basics. [online] BMC Blogs. Web.

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Health Beliefs Impact on Medical Practice Essay Various cultures may imply certain practices towards medical preparations. Some of them may have no faith in modern medicine applications and prefer indigenous methods that have been in practice for generations. In Ghana, modern medicine is considered an expensive alternative to traditional curing methods. Due to doubt about its effectiveness and low health literacy, people are hesitant to consider it an option (Gyasi et al., 2016). This points to the negative impact of health beliefs in the region. Nevertheless, different ethnic groups’ health-related beliefs and behaviors can result in positive health and well-being and beneficial health results, significant and dangerous health consequences, or no detrimental health impacts and hence are harmless. In consideration of the medical administration, it is possible to point out several implications of health beliefs. One of such implications is the limitation of medication administration to the doctors or medicine men in western regions and only when a patient demonstrates specific symptoms. In community medicine, the prescription should be done by professionals with modern knowledge, insight, and moral obligations in the form of Hippocrates’s oath. On the other hand, some communities may rely purely on cultural methods of medication administration. Treatment methods may be administered based on bodily elements such as humoral imbalances manifested as too much “hot” or “cold” (Taek et al., 2019). Consequently, “Cold” conditions are treated with “hot” drugs, while “hot” diseases are treated with “cold” medications, restoring equilibrium to the individual (Taek et al., 2019). This demonstrates how such cultural factors as health beliefs may result in a large disparity in medical administration. Two potential adverse reactions from health beliefs could be considered an overdose and an underdose. The first refers to the inadequate ingestion of drugs purely based on previous experience that is not supported by reliable medical knowledge. After the development of the COVID-19 vaccine, numerous media influencers, without prior consultation with medical professionals, were abusing the vaccine injection by making numerous injections at unrecommended intervals. This behavior is dangerous as it may cause unverified complications within the body. On the other hand, underdose is also possible as people consider western medicine as deeply flawed and dangerous for consumption. They may consider lowering recommended dosages that sabotage the effectiveness of the drugs and have little to no impact on alleviating the symptoms resulting in prolonged sickness. One possible issue is adherence to medication regimens could be subjective attitudes regarding chronic illnesses. They regularly and negatively impact patients’ adherence to therapy regimens (Shahin et al., 2019). Taking patients’ comprehension into consideration while offering health advice and/or providing medical treatment is one of the challenges for health professionals in improving adherence (Shahin et al., 2019). Patient-related factors influencing adherence could be cognitive limitations and physical impairments, low self-esteem, substance abuse, lack of knowledge, and motivation. These factors may influence patients’ belief in the effectiveness of medicine and create a subjective perception of adherence which often increases non-adherence risks among older adults. It is possible to derive several intervention strategies that could improve adherence. These strategies include patient education, which can be characterized by telephone counseling sessions with professionals that would be recurrent and personalized (Kini & Ho, 2018). Another method is medication regimen management which could be used with patients that are hesitant to consume drugs due to the fear of side effects. It includes using combination pills so that patients will consume fewer pills daily (Kini & Ho, 2018). Nevertheless, it is necessary to consider that adherence will be determined by the practice’s or health system’s viability and availability. References Gyasi, R. M., Asante, F., Abass, K., Yeboah, J. Y., Adu-Gyamfi, S., & Amoah, P. A. (2016). Do health beliefs explain traditional medical therapies utilization? Evidence from Ghana. Cogent Social Sciences , 2 (1), 1209995. Kini, V., & Ho, P. M. (2018). Interventions to improve medication adherence. JAMA , 320 (23), 2461. Shahin, W., Kennedy, G. A., & Stupans, I. (2019). The impact of personal and cultural beliefs on medication adherence of patients with chronic illnesses: A systematic review. Patient Preference and Adherence , Volume 13 , 1019–1035. Taek, M. M., Banilodu, L., Neonbasu, G., Watu, Y. V., E.W., B. P., & Agil, M. (2019). Ethnomedicine of Tetun ethnic people in West Timor Indonesia: Philosophy and practice in the treatment of Malaria . Integrative Medicine Research , 8 (3), 139–144.

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Health of Infants and Harmful Environmental Factors Essay Environmental Factor Ensuring the safety of a newborn child becomes the primary and most important task of parents. Especially in the first year of life, the child is unable to protect himself from damaging environmental factors. Examples of such harmful effects may be air and water pollution, excessive sun exposure, or dust and chemicals. This work analyzes the harmful environmental factors for a child under one year old and offers health promotion to protect newborns from harm. Sources emphasize that in 2012, almost two million children under the age of five in the world died due to the environment (“Children’s environmental health,” n.d.). The causes were respiratory tract infections, malaria, and various injuries and injuries. The most dangerous is that once experienced, illnesses and injuries can affect the child’s further development and its formation in adolescents. The main environmental factor is air and water pollution. Adverse environmental impacts and pollution substantially impact morbidity, disability, and in some cases, death. Thus, among the aspects that are involved in this factor are air pollution, inadequate water, and hazardous chemicals and waste that also pollute everything. Among the dangers are “lower-respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, brain damage and inflammation, blood disorders, and jaundice” (“Air Pollution,” n.d., para. 2). Air pollution can be hazardous during the mother’s pregnancy since already at this stage, the child’s health will deteriorate. In addition to chemicals, there may also be harmful particles of dust and dirt in the air, which can enter the newborn’s body through the respiratory tract. Polluted water or lack of clean water for the child and family can be very serious. This problem is particularly acute in developing countries, where people’s access to water resources can be severely limited. It is important to note that newborns are given water only on the recommendation of a doctor in the first months of pregnancy. However, water plays a valuable role in the functioning of the child’s body and must meet specific criteria to ensure safety. Minimal consequences can be poisoning or allergies, which can develop into more serious diseases. Another factor of harmful effects on the child during the first few years that are involved in environmental pollution is harmful chemicals and garbage. This is because children begin to explore the world around them after getting the opportunity to become mobile. Therefore, one of the ways to get acquainted with the new is a touch and a taste test. Hence, there is a possibility of stumbling upon substances that can be spilled on the street. Examples may be chemical poisoning or skin burn. Exactly the same properties are swinging garbage, which can harm the health of the child and affect the further development of the body. Health Promotion Plan This part of the scientific work provides a health promotion plan that can which provide knowledge for caregivers on how to prevent and protect newborns from environmental risk. 1. Monitor what the child is doing both at home and on the street 2. Carry out water purification before use with the help of special filters. An alternative may be the purchase of bottled water, which will be intended for newborns. 3. If possible, avoid places where there is a high level of air and water pollution near factories and production. In other words, it is necessary to maintain the necessary air quality, which is determined by the absence of excess gases, dust, and odors. To do this, it is essential to ensure constant ventilation in the room and to maintain a moisture balance in order to limit the occurrence of mold harmful to the newborn. All these actions are due to the fact that newborns have a high respiratory rate and a larger lung surface area in relation to their body weight. Due to the faster and more intensive immune system development, they are most susceptible to external environmental factors. 1. Ensure compliance with hygiene standards, which also apply to being on the street or in a public place. 2. To avoid poisoning with toxic substances, it is necessary to thoroughly wash vegetables and fruits before giving them to a child. 3. Avoid tobacco smoke and the smoke from burning things. Consultation with the attending pediatrician is necessary about what actions should be taken in emergency situations and the basics that are important to ensure the safety of the child’s health. This article raises the topic of such danger for newborns and the growing spread of sudden infant death syndrome. This is influenced by multiple external and internal factors, such as the high vulnerability of the body, the negative impact of environmental factors, and exogenous stress, such as sleeping on the stomach or a soft bed, during a critical period of development (Carlin & Moon, 2017). The source is a valuable source of information for highlighting recommendations for the care of infants. Thus, caregivers should take care of such aspects as proper sleep, a bed for the baby, soft bedding, tobacco smoke limitation, cohabitation, and immunization. This source provides information and recommendations in the event of a collision with air pollution. This problem is a threat to the health of society, especially to children. Due to the high level of urbanization, more and more infants are exposed to polluted air from vehicles and various industrial plants. The source emphasizes the importance of creating strategies aimed at preventing the adverse effects of pollution on children’s health (Gouveia et al., 2018). Moreover, caregivers should pay special attention to airing the premises and avoiding the close proximity of the child to sources of polluted air. The information provided in the scientific article can also help monitor changes in health effects due to strategic interventions. One of the problems that external factors can cause is growth retardation in infants, which will have particularly serious consequences in adulthood. This health problem can worsen in the first few years of a child’s life. The authors state that “climate change will cause significantly more stunting through a reduction of food security” (2018, p. 551). This source provides recommendations and generalizations on environmental risk factors that were associated with growth retardation. Hence, if there is a threat, it is necessary to carry out measures to strengthen the health of infants, including steps to improve nutrition and take care of the condition of the room in which the child is located. References Air pollution . (n.d.). State of Global Air. Web. Carlin, R. F., & Moon, R. Y. (2017). Risk factors, protective factors, and current recommendations to reduce sudden infant death syndrome: a review. JAMA pediatrics, 171 (2), 175-180. Web. Children’s environmental health . (n.d.). World Health Organization. Web. Gouveia, N., Junger, W. L., Romieu, I., Cifuentes, L. A., de Leon, A. P., Vera, J.,… & Tzintzun-Cervantes, G. (2018). Effects of air pollution on infant and children respiratory mortality in four large Latin-American cities. Environmental Pollution, 232 , 385-391. Web. Vilcins, D., Sly, P. D., & Jagals, P. (2018). Environmental risk factors associated with child stunting: a systematic review of the literature. Annals of Global Health, 84 (4), 551. Web.

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Health Promotion and Interdisciplinary Approach Essay Health promoters are a trained workforce whose primary purpose is to improve health through a variety of activities carried out by health promotion organizations. Individual empowerment, societal responsibility for health, and establishing an enabling environment for developing personal skills and boosting community action are among their top goals (Nutbeam, 2019). In the realm of health promotion, experts from various multidisciplinary health workers have agreed on the characteristics of effective collaboration and an interdisciplinary approach. Interdisciplinary teams’ most essential purpose is to bring together a variety of diverse viewpoints on caring and to use the talents and knowledge of many different individuals and sectors. Intersectional collaboration between different health professionals and the public and commercial sectors is critical for effective health promotion (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2018). The diversity of these elements demonstrates that one’s health is not just dependent on medical services or nurses and physicians (Nutbeam, 2019). The large range of activities that make up health promotion needs a diverse set of abilities from a number of health professionals and industries. Incorporating multidisciplinary specialists within the health promotion team, such as Nurse Practitioners (NPs), Social Workers (SWs), and Registered Nurses (RNs), will be advantageous in the long and short term. Nurse practitioners are nurses who receive further education and training and are capable of treating a wide range of ailments as well as providing preventative care and health education (Pun, 2018). Social workers have specialized training in assisting people and groups in developing skills and resolving difficulties. Whether the issues are personal, interpersonal, or social in nature, social workers can assist in guiding and resolving many of today’s issues (Nutbeam, 2019). Registered nurses examine and analyze healthcare needs in order to decide the best service or treatment, the best healthcare provider, and the best equipment to deliver patient care (Pun, 2018). Thus, their skills and approach will be essential in the success of an interdisciplinary team tasked with health promotion. References Nutbeam, D. (2019). Health education and health promotion revisited. Health Education Journal, 78 (6), 705-709. Pun, K. D. (2018). Interdisciplinarity in nursing: The expanding role of nurses. Chief Editor, 2 (2), 1. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). The theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice . Lulu.

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Healthcare and Emergency Preparedness Among Rural Communities Essay Healthcare facilities and their staff ensure to establish effective emergency preparedness and response interventions to respond to disasters, terrorist attacks, and pandemic outbreaks. According to McNeill et al. (2018), health emergency preparedness is the capacity of the public health system and community to prevent and respond to healthcare emergencies. With adequate preparedness, healthcare providers become better equipped to handle health emergencies when they occur. Healthcare and emergency preparedness among rural communities are still low despite awareness of upstream readiness and social determinants such as inadequate resources, remoteness, and limited access to healthcare services. How I Provided Nursing Care that Addressed the Psychosocial Needs of Rural Communities I provided nursing care to address the psychological needs of rural communities during the pandemic to conduct door-to-door screenings and education on the COVID-19 virus. The hallmark of this exercise was to burst the myths and misinformation about the cause of the virus, its spread, and the adverse effects of vaccination. The door-to-door screenings and education proved instrumental in recommending the need for testing the vaccine to rural households. We managed to screen 200 people in two villages on the first day during the activity, with only 3% refusing screening services. Our health team came across an elderly patient who was gasping for breath during the screening services and rushed him to the emergency department. Upon arrival, we conducted a triage on the patient to determine the severity of his condition and later registered him to the emergency room. I did compressions in the center of the patient’s chest to press down about two inches. I did this with my shoulders directly over my hands while keeping my arms straight to help the patient stay alive. My health team provided nursing services that addressed the psychological needs of clients by creating and expanding telehealth services. The telehealth services included psychiatry that involved video communication with rural communities. For instance, telepsychiatry services facilitated communication and monitoring of patients through technology in real-time. According to Butkus et al. (2020), video-based telepsychiatry services help meet patients’ needs amidst the uncertainties resulting from the pandemic at affordable rates. The intervention was crucial in integrating behavioral health care and primary care to mitigate the spread of the virus. How Social Determinants Contributed to the Health Status of a Vulnerable Client I Served Social determinants of health such as poverty, low literacy, and unequal access to healthcare impact healthcare outcomes of vulnerable populations. One of the social determinants of health that contributed to the health status of a vulnerable client I served during my practicum experience is poverty. According to Khan et al. (2018), rural communities live on minimum wage and have generic poverty that influences access to care. This social determinant was reflected while I was offering door-to-door screaming in a mass testing exercise to mitigate the spread of the virus. I learned that the vulnerable client had limited resources to regularly visit healthcare facilities for screening and testing. As a result, the client foregoes preventive care and wait till their conditions are severe before seeking medication. More often than not, people living in rural communities have low educational attainments and literacy levels. According to McNeill et al. (2018), low literacy levels are associated with less preventive care and high hospitalization. While working with the rural community during the pandemic, I discovered that the vulnerable client had low adherence to measures such as hand washing hygiene, wearing face masks, and social distancing that reduces the spread of the virus. The implications of low literacy on this population included increased hospitalization and emergency care use. Low insurance coverage among rural communities is another social determinant to healthcare. The vulnerable client I served during my practicum experience was uninsured and did not receive preventive services for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic conditions. Lack of medical cover also deterred the vulnerable client from seeking healthcare services when it is needed due to the high costs involved. Overall, the limited insurance cover among the rural communities leads to inadequate access to recommended care and poor health outcomes. The Support Agency I Would Recommend for the Population in Future The support agency that I would recommend for the rural community in the future is the guide to Rural Health Care Collaboration and Coordination (HRSA). This support agency coordinates the efforts of community health centers, rural hospitals, local public healthcare departments, and other stakeholders to identify and address community health needs (Kearly et al., 2020). HRSA aims to improve access to healthcare by adopting coordination strategies to deliver quality care. The support agency will help rural communities improve their care outcomes by developing and strengthening care coordination. The Greatest Concerns about the Rural Population during Natural Disasters The most significant concern about rural communities is their access to health services during floods and other natural disasters. Floods cause an unprecedented change in the demand for health services. Rural communities affected by floods experience disrupted access to medical services since it destroys roads and communication lines. Floods also increase the risk of infectious diseases by bringing debris and waste that contaminate water and food sources. Rural communities are adversely affected by floods that limit their access to medical services. In conclusion, rural populations’ health, healthcare, and emergency preparedness are affected by challenges such as poor coordination, limited funding, and geographical barriers. A wide variety of factors such as environment, income, and literacy determine the health of rural populations. The programs and policies to increase rural community preparedness to healthcare and emergencies should focus on addressing the underlying healthcare determinants to focus on upstream activities supporting resilience. References Butkus, R., Rapp, K., Cooney, T. G., Engel, L. S., & Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians*. (2020). Envisioning a better US health care system for all: reducing barriers to care and addressing social determinants of health. Annals of Internal Medicine , 172 (2_Supplement), S50-S59. Kearly, A., Oputa, J., & Harper-Hardy, P. (2020). Telehealth: an opportunity for state and territorial health agencies to improve access to needed health services. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice , 26 (1), 86-90. Khan, Y., O’Sullivan, T., Brown, A., Tracey, S., Gibson, J., Généreux, M.,… & Schwartz, B. (2018). Public health emergency preparedness: a framework to promote resilience. BMC Public Health , 18 (1), 1-16. Web. McNeill, C. C., Killian, T. S., Moon, Z., Way, K. A., & Betsy Garrison, M. E. (2018). The relationship between perceptions of emergency preparedness, disaster experience, healthcare provider education, and emergency preparedness levels. International Quarterly Of Community Health Education , 38 (4), 233-243.

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Healthcare Workers’ Stress Coping Strategies Essay COVID-19 affected the world in various ways; however, the outcomes of the pandemic are not clear yet. One of such spheres which are still to be researched extensively, despite the colossal progress made so far, is healthcare. This is especially relevant for the mental health domain, as the major flows of resources in the healthcare sectors all over the globe are directed towards combating the main adverse physical consequences of the infection. Mental health issues receive significantly less attention; meanwhile, these issues are significant, especially for healthcare professionals, who suffer both physically and mentally from the enormous additional burden that the pandemic brought upon them. According to research, there is an “increased risk of acquiring trauma or stress-related disorders, depression, and anxiety” (Cabarkapa et al., 2020, para.3) for healthcare workers. Moreover, statistically, the risks are greater for nurses and female workers. Two primary sources of these potential problems are fear of the unknown and fear of getting infected. In such a dire situation, healthcare managers need to find new stress-coping methods or models for their healthcare facilities and workers. There have been various strategies tried in such a situation all across the globe, depending on resources that healthcare facilities possessed, cultural, social, and historical backgrounds of the communities. Some of the more researched strategies will be listed and discussed in more detail. The three main strategies to cope with healthcare workers’ stress are self-coping strategies, psycho-social interventions, and workplace awareness (Cabarkapa et al., 2020). It is possible to use and combine these strategies depending on the available resources of healthcare managers and their facilities. Regarding self-coping strategies, there have been six main coping behaviors identified and practiced among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. These included physical exercise, talk therapy, yoga, faith-based practices, meditation, and virtual support groups; the practices are listed from most to least popular ones (Shechter et al., 2020). At the same time, around 14% of workers did not engage in any stress-coping practices. A healthcare manager can find information on such practices, structure them, and familiarize other healthcare workers to promote such coping mechanisms. Despite the existence of self-coping mechanisms, they may not be enough, and psycho-social interventions may be necessary to reduce stress-related problems. One example is the intervention strategy that was developed in China – the first country hit by the coronavirus. The strategy calls “to balance the work and rest hours for frontline healthcare staff, strengthen their occupational health and safety conditions, and improve crisis psychological intervention and counseling” (Zhou et al., 2020, para.5). Interventions included financial security and safe working environments, while healthcare workers were provided with psychological and mental health services online and on-site. The deployment of mentioned measures resulted in the overall improvement of healthcare workers’ mental health, reduced stress, and improved sleep. Finally, regarding workplace awareness, it is essential to understand that it is difficult for people to self-diagnose depression or other stress-related disorders in many cases. Especially in the emergency, when there is less time to reflect on and analyze one’s mental health. At the same time, the effect of stress-related disorders on healthcare worker’s own health can be devastating; moreover, this can negatively affect the quality of worker’s services, therefore, putting patients in danger. Thus, it is essential to provide constant monitoring of healthcare workers’ mental health status. The study by An et al. (2020) suggested organizing regular screenings for healthcare workers operating in emergencies. Such practices can help both healthcare professionals and the patients they treat. References An, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, A., Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., Ungvari, G. S., Qin, M. Z., An, F. R., & Xiang, Y. T. (2020). Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak . Journal of affective disorders, 276 , 312–315. Web. Cabarkapa, S., Nadjidai, S. E., Murgier, J., & Ng, C. H. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review . Brain, behavior, & immunity – health , 8 , 100144. Web. Shechter, A., Diaz, F., Moise, N., Anstey, D. E., Ye, S., Agarwal, S., Birk, J. L., Brodie, D., Cannone, D. E., Chang, B., Claassen, J., Cornelius, T., Derby, L., Dong, M., Givens, R. C., Hochman, B., Homma, S., Kronish, I. M., Lee, S., Manzano, W., & Abdalla, M. (2020). Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic . General hospital psychiatry , 66 , 1–8. Web. Zhou, Y., Zhou, Y., Song, Y., Ren, L., Ng, C. H., Xiang, Y. T., & Tang, Y. (2020). Tackling the mental health burden of frontline healthcare staff in the COVID-19 pandemic: China’s experiences . Psychological medicine , 1–2. Advance online publication. Web.

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Heat Stress at Provincial, Federal, and International Levels Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Purpose of the Report 2. Provincial and Federal Perspective 3. International Perspective 4. The Executive Summary 5. Recommendations 6. Conclusion 7. References Purpose of the Report Nowadays, there are frequent accidents related to working in extreme temperatures, both hot and cold. Even though there are many laws and regulations in this regard, emergencies still happen. Primarily, this is due to the lack of a united, clear source of rules and regulations that would operate depending on the climatic zone. Furthermore, certain groups of stakeholders, such as employers and clients, are interested in the maximum productivity of their employees. Accordingly, employers often ignore working conditions norms. It formulates the purpose of the report, namely the comparison of norms and regulations for safe work at the provincial, federal and international levels. Moreover, after the comparative analysis is done, it will be possible for one to develop possible proposals for improving the existing rules. It is formulated by the fact that data visualization will help determine all the advantages and disadvantages of the issue. Additionally, one will be able to suggest possible solutions to the problem in the aspect of the employees. It may include what needs to be done when an employer violates existing regulations or when working conditions are unacceptable. It will also be possible to determine which of the existing standards should be referred to when defining safe working conditions. Finally, given possible proposals and existing problems, one can suggest how to make the process of determining safe working conditions more consistent and fair. Provincial and Federal Perspective Nowadays, there is no single centralized system of laws regarding safe work in all areas in Canada. It also implies the temperature aspect, as each province has its own climatic and industrial characteristics. However, there is its own rules and regulations for safe working conditions in each region. In order to visualize this information, it is necessary to compare several provinces, and for this comparison, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan provinces were selected. As one may notice in Table 1 , the Saskatchewan province has one of the most detailed lists of norms and regulations regarding the current issue. Table 1. Standards and Guidelines for Safety Work in Selected Canadian Provinces. Province Standard/Guideline Part 7 – Noise, vibration, radiation and temperature; Thermal Exposure, Sections 7.26 – 7.32 – Heat Exposure British Columbia (Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97; Amended to 320/2007) Should comply with ACGIH TLV®s, and requirements to clothing protection, treatment and removal, provision of water, controls, and stress assessment control plan. Alberta (Occupational Health and Safety Act, Occupational Health and Safety Code) Although the special requirements for working in heat or cold are absent, the law requires employers to provide health and safety of workers at their workplaces. Part 2 Code requires employers to assess and prevent hazards employees may be endangered in the workplace. Section 70 – Thermal conditions 70 (1) Subject to subsection (3), in an indoor place of employment, an employer, contractor or owner shall provide and maintain thermal conditions, including air temperature, radiant temperature, humidity and air movement, that * are appropriate to the nature of the work performed; * provide reasonable thermal comfort for workers; and * provide effective protection for the health and safety of workers. (2) In an indoor workplace where the thermal environment may pose a risk to the health or safety of workers, the employer, contractor, or owner must provide and maintain an appropriate and conveniently located thermal measurement device. 70. (3) In cases where it is practically impossible to control the temperature conditions, the employer, contractor or owner must observe and comply with the measures: Saskatchewan (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 1996, R.R.S., c. O-1, r. 1; Amended to Sask. Reg. 91/2007) * the reasonable thermal comfort of workers; and * the effective protection of the health and safety of workers. (4) Measures for the purposes set out in subsection (3) may include, but are not limited to, the following: * frequent monitoring of thermal conditions; * the provision of special or temporary equipment, including screens, shelters and temporary heating or cooling equipment; * the provision of suitable clothing or personal protective equipment; * the provision of hot or cold drinks; * the use of acclimatization or other physiological procedures; (5) If an employee has to work in thermal conditions other than those associated with one’s normal duties, the employer or contractor must provide and require the employee to use any suitable clothing or other personal protective equipment that is necessary to protect the environment and worker’s health and safety. Note. The data retrieved from “Best Practice – Working Safely in the Heat and Cold”, Work Safe Alberta, on February 9, 2022. Talking about the federal level, Canada has no specific norms and regulations regarding heat stress or heat exposure, as it can be seen in Table 2 . However, to compensate for the absence of the clearly listed laws, the Government usually refers to Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for heat stress as outlined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (Government of Canada, 2022). Under these regulations, certain rules for safe working conditions are formed. Namely, it is necessary to ensure that the worker is dressed in suitable clothing and consumes enough water and salt. Moreover, there is a division into acclimatized and non-acclimatized employees. To do this, studies of the well-being of employees in certain conditions are carried out, and depending on the indicators, individual characteristics of workers are distinguished. For example, if an employee’s performance does not meet the norm, certain measures are taken. Besides, Humidex Heat Stress Response Plan was developed by the Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW). Table 2. Rules and Regulations of Working Conditions in Canada. The following points must be accomplished: Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) 1. The workers must be in appropriate clothing depending on the thermal conditions; 2. Employers must be provided with adequate water and salt intake; 3. There should be individual working schedule depending on either the worker is acclimatized of non-acclimatized. The plan involves the following points: Humidex Heat Stress Response Plan by the Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW) 1. The combination of the temperature and relative humidity must be calculated; 2. Under high temperatures work must be moderate; 3. Workers must be in appropriate clothing and in good physical and mental health. Note. The data retrieved from “Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety”, Government of Canada, On February 9, 2022. International Perspective To effectively compare provincial, federal, and international regulations of safe working conditions, one should contrast several countries’ current norms. For this, the United States, Germany, Australia, and New Zealand’s laws related to appropriate employer and workers’ interaction were chosen. One identified that Australia, being a hot country, has relatively mild occupational heat stress risk. The highest degree is observed in military-related areas due to warm clothing and activities performed by participants (Jay & Brotherhood, 2016). As mentioned in Table 3 , in New Zealand, the Health and Safety at Work Act by Work Safe NZ agency is responsible for administering most of the industry fields controlling its working conditions. In Germany, the Joint German Health and Safety Strategy (GDA) on the base of EU-OSHA was developed as a regulative method to control the workflow process (EASHW, 2022). Finally, in the United States, this issue is regulated by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Table 3. Current Rules and Regulations of Working Conditions in Australia, New Zealand, United States, and Germany. Country Current Law/Regulation Australia There is no workplace exposure standard or limit for heat stress. However, there were developed several rules by Safe Work Australia body based on the Code of Practice. New Zealand The Health and Safety at Work Act by Work Safe NZ agency. United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Germany The Joint German Health and Safety Strategy (GDA) on the base of EU-OSHA. Note. The data retrieved from “European Agency for Safety and Health at Work”, on February 9, 2022. The Executive Summary One identified that nowadays, safe working conditions are regulated by several regulations, agencies, laws, and rules. It applies to provincial, federal, and international levels, and the absence of a single regulatory body might formulate some issues in this area. In places where there is no standards for heat stress, one developed rules and conditions which must be accomplished to meet the requirements. For example, in some areas, one must find out if the worker belongs to the groups of acclimatized individuals. Moreover, one must ensure that each employee is provided with water and salt intake. Recommendations In the absence of regulatory bodies, employers should refer to general rules listed under the hiring conditions. Regarding possible recommendations, one may propose developing a centralized regulatory system that would be based on united values, although differing depending on climate zone and country’s features. Moreover, these norms should consider each worker’s physical indicators, since people may work in high or low temperatures more or less effectively. Finally, it is necessary to implement international controlling body which would promote equal working conditions in multinational companies. Conclusion The reason why is there so little out there in terms of a set value is constituted by the desire of certain stakeholder groups (employers and clients) to make employees’ work as effective as possible. Due to this, in some cases, hirers ignore regulations, and it occurs at provincial, national, and international levels. The OSHA as a regulatory body is used most, since there is a European department (EU-OSHA). References Best Practice – Working Safely in the Heat and Cold. (2022). Work Safe Alberta . Web. European Agency of Safety and Health at Work (EASHW). (2022). Web. Government of Canada. (2022). Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety . Web.

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“Hegemony and the Language of Contention” by William Roseberry Essay In Hegemony and the language of contention , William Roseberry puts forth several crucial directions for comprehending hegemonic dynamics using Gramsci’s Notebook section. According to the last part of the entry, hegemony works in a specific way. The character suggests that people utilize the idea to understand conflict rather than agreement. Hegemony, therefore, establishes a common tangible and substantive foundation for living, criticizing, and responding to social arrangements marked by dominance. The notion’s significance for Gramsci in this specific moment, more specifically the collapse of northern-led Italian political development, is rooted in its illumination of vulnerability, of coalitions and class constituents unable to make their personal preferences be the interests of a larger community. My personal hegemonic experiences might include the observations of skyscrapers in the business centers of the cities. Thousands of companies compete with each other for a fair share of the market. As a result, among the ways to show their dominance and leadership is through their headquarters. Skyscrapers are especially preferred by many, and the higher the building, the better. Another example of hegemony can pertain to a modern political situation that involves one country trying to show dominance over others. For example, while reading the news, I found out about the invasion of one country by a neighboring country. Hence, according to Roseberry and his narration, Gramsci grasped and stressed, more explicitly than his interpreters, the intricate interdependence of force and agreement in contexts of control. In Gramsci’s use, hegemony was a much more material and political notion than it seems to have become. He recognized its instability, imperfection, dynamic aspects, and fluctuation. Hegemony, therefore, refers to strength and leadership, though it remains a complex subject.

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“He’s Just Not That Into You”: Communication Improvement Plan Essay Table of Contents 1. Alex and Gigi 2. Ben and Janine 3. Ben and Anna 4. Beth and Neil 5. Conor and Anna 6. Conor and Mary 7. References Alex and Gigi Today I would like to present my communication improvement plans for the couples from “He’s Just Not That Into You.” The first one I would like to discuss is the friendship between Alex and Gigi. The conflict occurs after the party at Alex’s apartment, the invitation for which Gigi misinterpreted as a sign of romantic interest and leads to her attempting to kiss him. However, Alex rebuffs Gig’s advances and criticizes her for twisting his actions to fit her agenda. They begin arguing, and Gigi calls him out for treating woman as expendable objects (Kwapis, 2009). My hypothesis for the reason behind the conflict is based on the Relationship Rules Theory (DeVito, 2016). Before the conflict, Alex attempted to teach the rules of relationships to Gigi. When Gigi disregards these rules again and instigates physical intimacy, she breaks the rules and boundaries of their friendship. The first conflict management strategy I propose for Alex and Gigi is face-enhancing. Gigi kissed Alex without his consent based on an assumption. Instead of being angry at him for rejecting her, Gigi should give him space and acknowledge his autonomy (DeVito, 2016). Furthermore, they shouldn’t blame each other for having misaligned feelings because that is an unproductive emotion that only festers resentment. Instead of criticizing each other’s personality and lifestyle, they should help each other retain a positive face by enhancing the other’s self-image (DeVito, 2016). Alex could say, “I appreciate the fact that you are romantic and sensitive, but I need some space to form my own opinion on this issue.” The second strategy I propose for Alex and Gigi is active talking and listening. They need to sit down, talk, and discuss their boundaries and expectations (DeVito, 2016). Firstly, they should to turn off the TV and devote their attention to one another fully. Secondly, they should state their thoughts and feelings as objectively as possible (DeVito, 2016). Gigi might say: “To be honest, I have never been so emotionally intimate with another person. I realized I had feelings for you, and I assumed they were reciprocated.” Thirdly, Alex and Gigi should express support, empathy, and openness. Alex could validate Gigi’s feelings by saying: “I understand that some of my actions were confusing and could have been misinterpreted. You’re right to be angry.” Active talking and listening create a safe space for vulnerability and lead to a productive conversation about relationship issues. Ben and Janine The second couple are a married one: Ben and Janine. Ben confesses that he had extramarital sex. Janine initially forgives him, and even attempts to revive intimacy between them. However, she then finds a pack of cigarettes in his pants despite the fact that her father died from lung cancer and he insisted multiple times that he had quit smoking (Kwapis, 2009). My hypothesis is that Ben’s pathological lies are understandable through the lens of the Relationship Dialectics Theory. Ben feels internal tension because of his contradictory desires for novelty and predictability (DeVito, 2016). He craves sexual adventures with other women but is simultaneously unwilling to renounce the comfort of his long-term relationship with Janine. The strategy that best suits Ben and Janine’s issues is active fighting. Instead of withdrawing from the relationship and avoiding their issues, they need to discuss them openly. Ben should tell Janine that he was unfairly pressured into marriage and still feels interested in other women. Janine needs to express her frustration over the question of having a baby instead of pretending to not care. Both need to take responsibility for their feelings, voice them, and listen carefully to the other’s (DeVito, 2016).. After an active discussion of their issues, Ben and Janine should come up with a win-win solution that satisfies both Ben’s internal tensions and Janine’s desire for a baby (DeVito, 2016). Numerous options could be explored. For example, they could try roleplay to inject some novelty into their sex life. Or perhaps they could even negotiate an open relationship. Furthermore, they should discuss why Ben does not want to start a family yet and come up with solutions that would make him feel ready. Specific goals that need to be met before having a baby and a deadline could be set so both partners feel as if they are winning. Ben and Anna The next analysis is the extramarital affair between Ben and Anna. The conflict occurs when Ben forces Anna to hide in the closet when Janine comes to surprise him at work. Anna overhears them have sex, and becomes angry because she assumed that Ben would eventually leave Janine and marry her (Kwapis, 2009). My hypothesis is built on the Relationship Rules Theory (DeVito, 2016). Anna accepted Ben’s married status as long as it seemed as if he was unhappy with Janine and planning to leave her. However, he broke the rules of extramarital affairs by having sex with his wife. Since the source of their conflict is visceral and recent, the first strategy I would recommend for both of them is avoidance (DeVito, 2016). Anna did not only find out that Ben still loved his wife, but she was forced to sit in a closet in her underwear and listen to them have sex (Kwapis, 2009). She is understandably shaken and angered by this bizarre situation. Anna needs time to calm down, process this information, and logically think about what she wants from this relationship. Ben should also reassess his life choices and consider possible resolutions to this conflict. Instead of confronting the issue immediately, Anna and Ben need to first get their relationship back to a less hostile stage. After taking some time to compose themselves, Ben and Anna need to discuss their relationship expectations. While Anna is hoping for that their affair will lead to marriage, it seems as if Ben simply sees her as a temporary source of sexual entertainment. They need to state their thoughts and feelings openly, instead of assuming the other person perceives the relationship the same way (DeVito, 2016). Even if their feelings are hurt and they feel the need to defend themselves, it would be productive to empathize with the other’s position. Active talking and listening would enable them to come to a conclusion about their future together. Beth and Neil The next couple are Beth and Neil, and the source of their conflict is marriage. They have been dating for over seven years and Beth has been waiting for a proposal for the last five. However, Neil insists that he does not believe in the institution of marriage and that they do not need to broadcast their relationship or involve the government if they are truly happy. Beth is afraid that Neil does not want to marry specifically her (Kwapis, 2009). This conflict is best understood through the social exchange theory of profits and losses (DeVito, 2016). Beth believes that her investment into this relationship should be rewarded with a proposal. However, the cost of compromising his beliefs about marriage is too high for Neil. The first communication strategy Beth and Neil should employ is face-enhancing. Instead of criticizing and demonizing the other for their beliefs, they need to respect each other, listen, and acknowledge the fact that their relationship is satisfactory in every other except this one (DeVito, 2016). Beth should recognize Neil’s autonomy and at least ask why he is so disillusioned with marriage. Neil should understand that his reluctance to propose has made Beth into an object of ridicule for her family and friends. They need to openly discuss this issue while enhancing the other’s self-esteem. For example, Beth could say: “Neil, you are an amazing, committed partner, but I am afraid that your hesitation to get engaged means that you are not 100% confident that you want to marry me.” Once they fully understand each other’s point of view, they need to find a solution that satisfies both Beth’s need for commitment and Neil’s opposition to the concept of marriage (DeVito, 2016). For example, a domestic partnership can be registered with the state. They can enter a common law marriage if they want to avoid legal formalities. They can even sign a cohabitation agreement that is tailored to their exact preferences. While their beliefs about marriage may seem irreconcilable, there are other ways to express their commitment to each other and satisfy both parties. Conor and Anna The fifth couple in this presentation are Conor and Anna. They used to have an intimate relationship. Although they are still physically affectionate, spend substantial time together, and even kiss, Conor is frustrated by the fact that Anna no longer wants to have sex with him. He tries to revive the relationship, but Anna refuses (Kwapis, 2009). I believe the social exchange theory is applicable in this situation (DeVito, 2016). Anna comes to Connor for care and validation, and thinks that her kisses and time are enough of a reward to satisfy him. However, Conor believes that he should profit more by either receiving sex or entering a serious relationship with Anna. Once again, this conflict is best resolved through active talking (DeVito, 2016). Anna should openly state that she would like to remain friends with Conor, but is not interested in sex or a future with him. Conor should admit that it is difficult for him to spend time with Anna platonically because he is interested in her romantically and sexually. Both should avoid blame and attempt to empathize and understand each other. Moreover, in a situation such as this, both need to use face-enhancing strategies (DeVito, 2016). Conor needs to respect Anna’s autonomy because he cannot coerce or rationalize his way into a relationship with her. At the same time, Anna should enhance his self-esteem during her rejection to make him understand that it is not his fault she is not attracted to him. For example, she could say: “You are a very sweet and wonderful guy, and you deserve a girlfriend who will truly see you and appreciate you.” Remaining polite and respectful during the dissolution of a relationship is crucial, especially if it is because of one-sided feelings. Conor and Mary The sixth and last couple I would like to analyze are Conor and Mary. The conflict between them occurs during their first-ever conversation over the phone. Mary calls him to discuss work issues, but Conor tries to ask about their mutual friend, Anna. Mary replies with a hard “no” and quickly ends the conversation (Kwapis, 2009). This conflict perfectly illustrates the social penetration theory. Since Conor and Mary are merely acquaintances talking for first time, the breadth and depth of their conversation is very narrow and superficial (DeVito, 2016). It is inappropriately personal and invasive of him to bring up his romantic interest in Anna. Since this conflict is very minor, I believe that the best strategy is avoidance. Reacting immediately would only result in hostility, defensiveness, and incite further conflict (DeVito, 2016). It seemed as if he was taken aback, so Conor should take a few moments to constructively assess the situation and understand why Mary reacted that way. Mary should empathize with Conor’s position and not judge him for mentioning Anna. The next time they talk, the conflict will presumably be forgotten but Conor will not make the mistake of discussing Anna with Mary again. If Conor does decide to address the conflict, the best strategy is face-enhancing (DeVito, 2016). Conor should respect Mary’s boundaries and unwillingness to discuss her friends. He should not blame her for her attitude, and Mary should not blame him for wanting to talk about Anna. Both parties need to remain polite and enhance the other’s self-image. For example, Conor could say: “I am sorry for what happened during our last conversation, I was in a vulnerable position back then but I appreciate you for not judging me. I will not bring up the subject again.” Politeness is crucial since the conflict is very minor and they barely know each other. And this concludes my presentation on conflict management strategies for the couples from the film “He’s Just Not That Into You”. Thank you for your attention. References DeVito, J. A. (2016). The interpersonal communication book (14th ed.). Pearson. Kwapis, K. (2009). He’s just not that into you [Film]. New Line Cinema.

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Historical Racism in South Africa and the US Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Historical Racism in South Africa 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction It is important to note that the longitudinal impact of historical racism in a systematic and institutional fashion cannot be washed away quickly. Damon Galgut’s interview encompasses these societal challenges, which are reflected in the current American and South African politics (Peirson-Hagger, 2021). The path for development and equality lies through unity and a single vision voiced coherently, which is complicated in the case of South Africa. Historical Racism in South Africa Although the author claims that the issue of race is reluctantly addressed in the United States, it is evident that South Africa and America had distinct issues of racism. One of the major differences between the US and South Africa is the fact that in the case of the former, an African American minority was brought to the continent to serve the White majority. However, in South Africa, a White minority dominated over the African majority in their historical continent. Therefore, achieving unity among South Africans is a far greater challenge than coordinating efforts among fewer African Americans. In other words, the impact of oppression and racism will likely have a much longer impact on South Africans. The United States is a more prosperous nation with stronger institutions, which is why the South African government is deeply affected by corruption. Conclusion In conclusion, Damon Galgut provides invaluable insights into race dynamics in South Africa. However, some analogies presented in the interview dismiss key historical differences between the two nations. The situation in South Africa is the result of large-scale racism, which makes it difficult to achieve unity in voice. Reference Peirson-Hagger, E. (2021). Booker Prize-winner Damon Galgut: “South Africa is not a country that speaks with one voice ”. The New Statesman. Web.

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History and Influence of Folk Music Essay Like many other areas of life, music has changed along with society. The period between 1959 and 1963 was transitional, and at least two distinct markets emerged in the music industry (Covach and Flory 112). The first one was defined by the new generation of teenagers who favored dance music (Covach and Flory 113). The second market consisted of former rock and rollers who preferred folk music associated with social, political, and economic issues (Covach and Flory 113). Folk had a long history of addressing problems within American society, and its music appeared to be more dedicated to the community than commercial pop (Covach and Flory 118-119). Folk performers appealed to the audience and represented people rather than being above them (Covach and Flory 119). Almost anyone could play folk, as the music was simple and required a few easy guitar accords (Covach and Flory 119). Thus, the idea spread of folk being “for the people and by the people” (Covach and Flory 119-120). The concept was related to the music and the people’s ideologies, as the singers and the audience, united by social issues, expressed their concerns through songs. As folk was the music of people, it was also a movement characterized by many important figures. The Weavers consisted of traditional performers such as Peete Seeger and were one of the most significant folk groups in the US (Covach and Flory 119). The Weavers focused on societal problems and prioritized the simplicity of the music, gaining an audience among college students (Covach and Flory 119). At the beginning of the 1960s, The Kingston Trio was the most popular group that started the folk revival in the mainstream pop market (Covach and Flory 119-120). The Kingston Trio’s pop-sensitive approach was favored by the public and defined folk music for many general listeners (Covach and Flory 120-121). Considerable singers have represented folk music, supporting the movement of addressing issues within society. Work Cited Covach, John Rudolph, and Andrew Flory. What’s that Sound? An Introduction to Rock and its History . 5th ed., WW Norton & Company, 2018.

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History and True Meaning of African American Slave Music Essay One of the most significant forms of American folklore, which laid the foundation for such musical genres as gospel, blues, and jazz, was the spiritual chants of African Americans. The ancestors of African Americans were forcibly separated from their homes and brought to the United States to work on the plantations of the Old South. Descendants of hundreds of different tribes in Africa brought distinctive musical traditions that were destined to have a global impact on world culture. Spirituals were generally considered religious music, but they carried a much deeper meaning to the people who composed and performed them. African Americans faced severe restrictions even in arts and music. White planters tried to split the communities to prevent riots, and sometimes slaves were forbidden to speak their native language (Music for emancipation of African Americans, 2016-2017). Music has become a primary way of expressing inner feelings, grief, sorrow, and a sense of oneness with brothers and sisters in distress. It is a story about the strength of the human spirit, pure reverence for ancestors, and faith in the future. Frederick Douglas was born in 1818 in the US state of Maryland into a family of slaves. He despised American slave laws and actively tried to shed light on the terrifying events taking place in the country. Frederick Douglas’s lifelong goal was to fight slavery in all its forms, advocate total emancipation, and raise the moral standards of society. He perceived musical creativity as a way of raising spirits, prosperous fighting for a hopeful future, and a manifestation of cultural pride. Slave owners often did not understand the true meaning of this art and demanded the slaves sing for entertainment. Frederick Douglas documented in his autobiography how compulsory singing oppressed him in childhood and how different it was from singing from the heart ( Music for emancipation of African Americans, 2016-2017). In an endless sense of homesickness and grief over the cruel perspective of the planters, music became an origin of the declaration of Blacks’ beliefs and transmissions into the world. Exploring Douglas’ work and the history of African American culture requires saving these ideas in mind to better understand the origins of the music and its message to the world. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was a prominent American historian, sociologist, and public figure. He was born into an impoverished family of farmers, but his extraordinary talents helped him lift himself out of poverty and become the first black graduate of Harvard University. He was the author of numerous books and articles on the history of peoples of African descent and their struggle against racism, slavery, and the slave trade. His works include visions for independence and the development of the prosperous traditions of African culture, stories, and plays about the life of African Americans. In the music, he saw the true feelings of his ancestors, but precisely through the prism of the Christian religion. A serious analysis of spirituals began primarily with the works of Du Bois, his final chapter of The Souls of the Black Folk , named The Sorrow Songs (Music for emancipation of African Americans, 2016-2017 ) . He viewed spirituals as anthems of self-determination and an expression of divine religious faith, messaged to God. It is a slightly different approach to the perception of African slave music, more revealing the religious aspect and its background. It is important to comprehend that one of the reasons people voluntarily converted to Christianity was the uncovered parallel in biblical stories with their real lives. The words were biblical, but the implications and meanings in songs were deeply personal. People could express their inner pain, protests, and the urging sense of the lack of justice. Gradually the Christian faith became the spiritual support of the slaves, which can be traced in the writer’s works regarding African American culture. The music of African slaves can be perceived from different angles, focusing on religion or, on the contrary, considering it solely a way to veil the true meaning from tyrants. The principal idea is unshakable: this is a monumental cultural heritage and the commencement of the prosperous crusade for freedom and equality. Reference Music for emancipation of African Americans. (2016 – 2017). UNIVERSITÉ D’ANGERS – Faculté des lettres. Web.

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History in “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay “Young Goodman Brown” was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1835, but it was set in Puritan New England during the late 17th century. The Puritans split from England’s Anglican Church, arriving at Plymouth Rock and founding both Plymouth and Boston. They became the main Christian sect in New England at the period, though other Christian groups such as Quakers and Anabaptists also had significant populations. Puritans believed in a rigid philosophy that left no space for mistake; for example, immoral thoughts and dreams were seen to be as damaging as actually committing a sin. Native Americans who did not follow Christianity were likewise thought to be Satan’s children, according to them. “Young Goodman Brown” is set during the Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts and exposes the Salem Puritans’ hypocritical and inhibitive moral ideals. When Brown was discussing his impression of Goody Cloyse and his father, one example of how Hawthorne’s heritage and Puritan beliefs were portrayed in the novel was shown. In the anecdote, he expresses his surprise that Goody was out in the woods, especially at night. “A marvel, truly, that Goody Cloyse should be so far in the wilderness at nightfall,” Brown said (Hawthorne 3). “My father never went into the woods on such an errand, nor his father before him. We have been a race of honest men and good Christians since the days of the martyrs,” Brown stated early in the story, referring to his father’s honesty and Christian faith (Hawthorne 2). Such an emphasis on religious faith could be understood through the reference to the Puritan beliefs. The Puritans’ belief was that the devil was responsible for every evil deed that took place, whether it was through witchcraft or through rituals. The Salem witch trials, which took place in the late 17th century and involved hearings, prosecutions, and executions, sentenced twenty people to death based on rumor and suspicion, including Martha Corey and Martha Ingalls Carrier, who is mentioned briefly in “Young Goodman Brown.” John Hathorne, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s direct ancestor, was one of the most ruthless judges in the Salem witch trials of 1692. It’s possible that Hawthorne felt some guilt about his ancestor’s crimes; not only did he drop the “w” from his surname to disassociate himself from Hathorne, but he also spent most of his writing career delving into American Puritanism, often finding more criticism than praise. Despite the fact that the Salem Witch Trials had occurred more than a century before, nineteenth-century New England was still bleeding with inherited guilt, even as it revolted against the Puritans’ restrictive standards. Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, into this culture in 1804. His roots and sensibilities were undeniably Puritan, despite the fact that he designated Unitarian as his official religion. The Salem Witch Trials, one of the terrifying incidents in Puritan history, saw the residents of Salem execute twenty-five innocent persons accused of being witches. Accusations of witchcraft were frequently made for motives other than perceived witchcraft, such as retribution, jealousy, or botched child delivery. During the second half of the seventeenth century, Quakers were subjected to Puritan intolerance. Puritans and Quakers both came to America in search of religious liberty and the opportunity to establish their own colonies where they could believe whatever they wished. In conclusion, the short story “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel Hawthorne describes historical events that took place in the late 17 century. Understanding the historical context of that time helps to understand the main idea of the work. The main message of it evolved around puritanism, which was influential in late 17 century England. Witchcrafts and the idea of the existence of the devil are also part of the historical context of that time. Thus, such rituals as witch trials are also presented in the short story and help to understand the attitudes of the main characters. Work Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “Young Goodman Brown.” (1835).

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History of Dances in Ireland Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Wide Irish Culture 3. The History of the Irish Dance 4. The Story Behind the Dance 5. The Variance of Music 6. Conclusion 7. Works Cited Introduction Ireland is a country with an ancient and prosperous culture, outstanding music, and customs. Visitors from all over the world come to Ireland to get acquainted with the historical sights of this country, be inspired by its picturesque landscapes, and enjoy delightful Irish holidays. Today, there are over 80 million ethnic Irish people around the world, and for all of them, Ireland remains home and distant beloved homeland. Ireland cordially and warmly welcomes foreigners, regardless of their nationality and religion. The Irish are brave and very patriotic people who fought for independence for a long time (Buck-Pavlick, 2021). The state to this day sacredly honors its traditions and heritage. The Wide Irish Culture Folk music and dance are a real highlight of Irish culture. Irish people are very fond of enjoyment and recesses; bright and amusing fairs have been a favorite pastime for several centuries. Locals can try the unique cuisine, buy souvenirs, drink beer, and meet new friends. The special part is the enjoyment of the performances of traditional music and traditional dance groups. The first documented information about Irish dances dates back to the peasant festivities of the 11th century (Buck-Pavlick, 2021). Some characteristic elements began to form during the time of the Druids, who practiced circular movements in religious rituals. When the Celts reached the island, they brought their national dances, mixed with kaleidoscopic round dances (Buck-Pavlick, 2021). The adoption and spread of Christianity had a huge impact on the customs and culture of Ireland, but the people retained the pagan spirit of their musical and dance compositions for a long time (Buck-Pavlick, 2021). For the Irish, dance is, first of all, a cultural and historical heritage that they cherish and are proud of. The History of the Irish Dance At the moment, Irish dances include several choreographic tendencies in dances with different key movements. Solo dances are the most popular direction and the most difficult to perform; they are rather standardized and exceptionally spectacular. As a rule, their stunning programs are used in various shows and programs of any international events related to folklore and ethnic genres. A distinctive feature of the dance is fast moves of the legs with a motionless body and hands tightly pressed to the body. There is a curious legend about the Irish waving their arms so chaotically during the dance that the old church declared it blatantly obscene. Since then, the good Catholics of the Emerald Isle began to move more with their legs. There is also a more truthful and banal explanation: this dance tradition is associated with a lack of space for maneuvers. In the old days, a door taken off its hinges was often used as a stable hard surface for dancing. The scene turned out to be rather small and forced the performer to the maximum compactness (Habecker, 2018). The rhythm and type of music of solo dances always depend on the hardness and softness of the shoes making the knocking sound while dancing. The Story Behind the Dance English colonization pursued all manifestations of local traditions, so Irish dances went underground for more than a century. They were secretly trained in remote villages by itinerant masters to keep the national spirit and belief. Different people offered unique techniques, and various dance schools were formed based on each. At the moment, this relic of the brave revolutionary past of Ireland is vividly perceptible through diverse styles of dance. Until the end of the century, dancing was a hobby mainly for emigrants and their descendants. The turning point was the international Eurovision Song Contest. In 1994, the incendiary show “Riverdance” with the participation of Irish dance champions highly impressed the audience (Habecker, 2018). The next day, the world began to wonder where to learn such explicit expressive moves. The Variance of Music Ireland has made a great contribution to the development of literature and traditional folk music along with Irish dance. The combination of all cultural components vividly reflects the rich culture of the country. Traditional music still holds a strong priority in Ireland, despite influences from various foreign bands. There is a huge number of local musical groups that play folk tunes specifically for traditional dances. Classical Irish tune acquired a rebirth only a few years ago, mainly impacted by the division of the island into northern and southern parts. Irish folk music is very diverse, from lullabies to drinking songs, from slow instrumental melodies to fast fiery dances. Traditional Irish dance music frequently includes drums, jigs, and hornpipes (Habecker, 2018). From the early 19th century, the polka gained more popularity in Ireland by dance teachers and soldiers returning from Europe. Conclusion The history of the Irish national dance reflects the events that took place with Ireland itself, from the 20th century BC to the 20th century AD: the migration of peoples and the invasion of conquerors, the change of religions. Every culture and national heritage the Irish have come into contact with has contributed to their dance tradition. Initially, the dance (Irish Dance Group – Irish Step Dancing (Riverdance)) had a ritual meaning: praising the sacred trees and the sun. Now it is a living reminder of centuries of Irish heritage. Works Cited Buck-Pavlick, Helen. “Examining “The Book”: How Perception, Power, and Practice Altered Memory of Irish Ceili Dances.” Journal of Music and Dance, 2021. Web. Habecker, Alexendra. “Music and Ireland’s National Identity: Connecting Folk Music and Cultural Theory through Emotional Sociology.” Portland State University, 2018. Web. “Irish Dance Group – Irish Step Dancing (Riverdance)”. YouTube, uploaded by fritz51286, 2009, Web.

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History: Roman Values in the Ancient Empire Essay The Roman Empire was largely polytheistic, suggesting that people acknowledged and honored several different gods. They thought that these entities had a part in the formation of Roman civilization and shaped the events of people’s everyday lives (Bartsch, 2020). Because of Rome’s geographical location, its population had regular interaction with Greek peoples who had expanded their territory into the Italian peninsula and Sicily (Beard, 2015). Many features of Greek culture were borrowed by Rome, with minor modifications to fit their requirements. According to Polybius ‘ interpretation of the Roman government, the monarchy was solidified in the office of the Consul. The tales of Manilus Hippomanes, Olivier de Noyen, and Julien Barneuve are connected through history in The Dream of Scipio by a philosophical musing claiming that man is accountable for his action’s own redemption, but only by understanding, not by works or faith (Ruden, 2013). Rome had two chancellors, each in control of divisions of the Roman army and had the authority to convene conferences and present different initiatives before the Senate; they were acclaimed yearly. Citizenship in Rome was a complicated notion that differed depending on one’s gender, family, and status in society. Males were the only ones who could acquire full citizenship. A kid born of a legal union between a citizen father and a citizen mother would be granted citizenship by descent (Beard, 2015). Citizenship in the United States can be obtained by birth or registration. People are generally born U.S. citizens if they are born in America or are born overseas to U.S. citizens. They may also obtain U.S. nationality as a youngster as a result of the marriage of one or both adults. References Beard, M. (2015). A History of Ancient Rome . Profile Books. Bartsch, S. (2020). The Aeneid: A New Translation . Profile Books. Ruden, S. trans. (2013). Apuleius. The golden ass .

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HIV Infection: Diagnosing and Testing Report (Assessment) Introduction The detailed investigation of clinical cases is a critical necessity for a health care system interested in improving the quality of life of the population and improving public health. It should be understood, however, that as far as the patient is concerned, their diagnosis is not always obvious, as it is often associated with subjective experiences of their own deteriorating health, feelings of stigma, and any possibility of inaccurate clinical tests. It is true that laboratory tests are a scientifically reasonable practice to refine the diagnosis as much as possible, but the possibility of human or instrumental error is never ruled out. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to clarifying the diagnosis, using a synthesis of scientifically based and subjective aspects of the course of the disease. This paper consistently evaluates an example of such a comprehensive approach, describing a case study of HIV infection. Background Information Although it is not a societal issue, especially in light of COVID-19, humanity is exposed to several pandemics on a daily basis. One of these pandemics is HIV, as a huge number of individuals are exposed to this infection: according to statistical studies, the number of HIV-positive patients will exceed 37.7 million globally by 2020 (UNAIDS, 2021). People from every continent are exposed to the disease, which gives it pandemic status. HIV itself is an infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus – during this disease, a pathogen from the class of retroviruses affects the patient’s immune T and B lymphocytes, resulting in lowered immunity. It is true that HIV has never been the cause of a person’s death, but instead, death occurs due to critical immune suppression and the development of opportunistic diseases. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine a comprehensive approach to diagnosing HIV in a hypothetical patient. Question Can HIV infection in a suspected patient really be detected comprehensively? Hypotheses 1. HIV infection can be detected by obtaining laboratory tests alone. 2. The use of the comprehensive method increases the reliability of the diagnostic results. Procedure Equipment Used * History questionnaire. * Rapid ELISA test kit. * PCR test kit. * Sanitary kit for physiological and clinical examination. Procedures 1. A hypothetical patient comes to see a general practitioner and talks about his or her concerns. The physician (after signing informed consent and consent for medical services) asks a series of clarifying questions to narrow down diagnostic options. The end point is to determine a possible (but not exact) diagnosis and referral to the following stages of diagnosis. 2. The lab technician sterilizes the site for the blood sample, administers an injection, and draws a few milliliters of blood for analysis. The puncture site is treated with a disinfectant. 3. The blood sample taken in the second step is used for PCR testing. In addition, the man gives a semen sample for PCR testing. Results This laboratory work explores three types of HIV testing. The first step uses a patient questionnaire, an example of which is shown in Figure 1 below. It is an extensive questionnaire that is completed by a general practitioner to clarify the diagnosis. In addition, the results of the ELISA test are given; Figure 2 shows that the diagnosis of HIV by ELISA is implemented visually with a control for which it is known for sure that HIV is not there. Finally, Figure 3 shows the results of the PCR test for HIV and demonstrates that the value obtained is significantly higher than the norm. Figure 1. Example of a patient questionnaire for HIV pre-screening and history taking (WHO, n.d.). Figure 2. Example of ELISA results for HIV infection (HIV ELISA, n.d.). Figure 3. Example of a PCR assay result for HIV (POZ, n.d.). Discussion Support the Hypothesis This laboratory work examined the possibility of diagnosing HIV infection in a hypothetical patient. The diagnosis was investigated using three variants of the test, a questionnaire, and conversation with the therapist, ELISA testing, and PCR testing. A summary of these results demonstrates confirmation of both hypotheses, as indeed, HIV was diagnosed using two different tests. In the paper above, the results of these three procedures were given; for two of them, it was shown that HIV infection was diagnosed. Explanation and Conclusion In fact, filling out the questionnaire from procedure #1 cannot lead to an accurate result because it describes the patient’s subjective experiences. Therefore, the questionnaire is not the sole and final point in the diagnosis of HIV but is nonetheless one of the most critical procedures in clarifying the diagnosis. Regarding PCR and ELISA, it must be said that these methods are not perfect either since each instrumental method does not exclude the possibility of errors (Medina-De la Garza et al., 2021). However, reference to studies shows that the combined use of PCR and ELISA increases the validity of the results, which increases reliability (Bagheri et al., 2018). In this regard, it is conceivable that the connection of a history collection questionnaire would further increase confidence in the diagnosis. Thus, comprehensive HIV diagnosis is an essential feature of modern, evidence-based medicine because it does increase the reliability of results. References Bagheri, R., Rabbani, B., Mahdieh, N., Khanahmad, H., Abachi, M., & Asgari, S. (2018). PCR-ELISA: A diagnostic assay for identifying Iranian HIV seropositives. Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology , (3), 36-39. HIV ELISA: Introduction, principle, procedure, result interpretation and clinical significance . (n.d.). Medina-De la Garza, C. E., de los Ángeles Castro-Corona, M., & Salinas-Carmona, M. C. (2021). Near misdiagnosis of acute HIV-infection with ELISA-Western Blot scheme: Time for mindset change . IDCases, 25 , 1-10. POZ. (n.d.). Understanding your lab work (blood tests) . POZ. UNAIDS. (2021). Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet . UNAIDS. WHO. (n.d.). Snap questionnaire . WHO. Web.

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Holes in Financial Plan of Mental Health Services Essay A proposed financial plan to support Mental Health Services for Healthcare Providers of Critical Patients: Category Subcategory Expenditures ($) Staff Mental Health Service Manager 400,000 Personal Consultants 840,000 Group Consultants 650,000 Technical Support Staff 180,000 Equipment Personal Laptops 12,000 Personal Mobile Phones 5,000 Services Telephone Service 2,400 Internet Service 300 Supplies Administrative Supplies 500 Medication 1,500 Training Employee Training 2,000 Managerial Training 2,000 Maintenance Offices Maintenance 3,000 Laptops and Mobile Phones Maintenance 1,500 Other Expenditures Unforeseen Expenditures 5,000 The impact of a biblical stewardship perspective on the proposed financial plan The biblical perspective on stewardship presumes that leaders are granted control over other people and resources by God (Carradus, Zozimo, & Discua Cruz, 2020). Thus, they should strive to ensure the well-being of every person in order to honor the Lord. In this regard, the current financial plan was designed in a manner that would benefit all the stakeholders involved, including healthcare providers of critical patients and consulting staff. The potential holes and unknowns in the project’s financial plan Although the financial plan seemingly addresses most of the expenses that may occur during the project realization, there are still some unknowns that should be considered. As such, O’Connell (2020) argues that managers should always think about the worst-case scenario and be prepared to respond adequately. In the case of the current project, first of all, it is hard to predict the real demand for mental health services among doctors. This, in turn, negatively affects the ability to predict the required number of mental health workers. Secondly, potential crises and resulting inflation rates may cause a price increase, which, in turn, would necessitate additional money to purchase equipment and medication. Moreover, the costs for the services, training, and maintenance may also surge. Assumptions that can fill the potential holes in the project’s financial plan As for the former hole in the financial plan, it can be assumed that there will be an average demand for mental services among healthcare professionals. This assumption would help to partly mitigate the risks of the unknown need for offered services. It is explained by the fact that when the expected demand is low but the actual necessity is high, then the patients are largely underserved. On the contrary, when expectations are high, but the actual demand is low, it leads to substantial financial losses. As for inflation, it is necessary to assume a certain amount of money for unforeseen expenditures. Therefore, if the prices rise, the organization will still be able to pay for the planned expenses. References Carradus, A., Zozimo, R., & Discua Cruz, A. (2020). Exploring a faith-led open-systems perspective of stewardship in family businesses. Journal of Business Ethics, 163 (4), 701-714. Web. O’Connell, S. (2020). 3 financial planning tips for an unknown future. Success . Web.

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Home Description and Perception Essay A house is more than simply a place to live; in fact, that is only one description of a house. A home is a place where one feels more comfortable and looks forward to living through every day. A house is constructed not with stones or timbers but with the link of family. A person may own every materialistic property on the earth, but it would be not very sensible if he did not have someone with whom to exchange it. In other terms, expressing pleasure is also linguistically tied to home. Additionally, home is more than a physical location; it is a state of mind. They share a sense of joy and pleasure with their family members. A home is when one understands they are around individuals who can run them nuts in a second and make them feel good in the very same second. Home signifies that no matter what one is experiencing or how difficult life becomes, there will always be someone watching out for them. When a person is secure enough to provide an honest account of themselves, they know they will be accepted definitively. For myself, I can single out a few places where I feel at home. This work was written with the aim of explaining one’s own concept of home and a place where a person feels at home. For me, home is made up of memories of memorable moments that contributed to shaping and teaching me. As a result, my house is also people, and when home takes on a human figure, it is referred to as a family. I feel that family is a relative concept that is determined by connections rather than blood (Hess). No matter where I go in the future, this atmosphere and these individuals who have shaped me as a human and shown me how to behave will always be a strong foundation for me. I know I can always return home. Indeed, the spirit is where the household is. Since college is where people spend most of their day, I feel at ease. My classmates, whom I have known for many years, are also at the same school. For instance, I have a friend in the same class as me who is like a sibling to me. We communicate a lot, and he knows all of my secrets. I have known him for years and consider him to be my best friend. All of my professors are familiar to me, and they are all delightful to me. They also instruct me and assist me with any problems I may have. In this way, I can summarize and express what home for me is. In this essay, like a home, I show my family and the college where I study. For me, the feeling of home is the place where I can return at any time, and if not all, then one person can definitely help me. Home is a sense of calm and security, and for myself, I single out such a factor as communication. The house is the place where you studied something for a long time and communicated with people who, as a result, became close to me. Feeling at home is an essential feeling for every person because it gives people support and faith in themselves and their loved ones. Work Cited Hess, Robert D., Gerald Handel, and Ralph LaRossa. Family worlds: A psychosocial approach to family life . Routledge, 2017.

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Homeless People and COVID-19: Maricopa Country Moved Homeless People Essay The coronavirus pandemic, which broke out all over the world for almost three years, completely changed the way of life of the modern world. Many researchers, journalists, and writers cover this topic and talk about various situations that can sometimes lead to shock. O’Connor Meg wrote about one of these cases in the article “Maricopa county moved homeless people to Sweltering parking lots in response to COVID-19”. This analysis aims to study this material in order to identify what actions were taken incorrectly and what consequences this entailed. People without permanent residence have become a particular threat to the spread of the pandemic. This is because this group has nowhere to live, and they often have close contact with each other, do not follow hygiene rules, and have minimal access to medical care. One of the opinions is that it is necessary to limit its causes with this problem. In other words, it is necessary to increase the level of social assistance to the homeless, increasing the availability of housing and social benefits. On the other hand, it is believed that homelessness and unemployment are psychological phenomena, and external factors cannot significantly contribute to their elimination. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic and the situation of the homeless have become particularly acute in the United States of America. The incident described in the article under study occurred in Maricopa County. There, next to Arizona’s biggest homeless shelter, Central Arizona Shelter Services (CASS) has been hosting tents with homeless people for a long time (O’Conner para. 1). As a measure to combat COVID-19, the state decided to relocate and encamp the camp near the encampment as part of Maricopa County’s, which was now located in the open air. Thus, hundreds of people were forced to change their habitat to a fenced asphalt place without shade in the triple-digit summer heat. As an example of a victim of homeless resettlement, there was the case of Elisha McKinley. Even though the woman has almost found a place to live, she was moved to the camp a few months ago. Moreover, McKinley faced police misconduct, as they threw away a cart that contained birth certificate, IDs and house-warming gifts from her daughter (O’Conner para. 5). In addition, although the government initially assessed these measures as temporary, permanent lamps were installed, from which people were expelled, preventing many of them from returning to the same place. All these measures were taken to contain the outbreak among the homeless part of the population, but the government managed to keep the situation under control. In addition to the absurdity of bringing people out into the open under the scorching sun, this decision was met with great doubt both from society and the state authorities. This factor became stronger after it became known about the death of three people in the fenced parking lot. Moreover, despite the negative in the direction of moving homeless people to the parking lot, social services request to change the zoning permit, that is, to increase it. This decision should attract a more significant number of people without a home. However, like the initial measure to move the camp, this initiative was met with a counter-action. In this case, businesses and homeowners in the neighborhood are dissatisfied with it. Such an attitude can significantly slow down the expansion process, as the services will have to wait for the city council’s approval. Based on the hostile experience of implementing the initiative concerning homeless camps, the Phoenix government is taking new measures. Hence, Phoenix raised money to rent one hundred and fifty hotel rooms for homeless residents, but this is only a tiny fraction of the entire infected homeless population. Therefore, this work carried out an analysis of the article about the not entirely fictitious actions of the right of Phoenix. The authorities, in the fight against a new coronavirus infection, moved homeless people to a fenced parking lot in the heat. This action led to the death of several people, which led to a wave of discontent from the general public. Because the pandemic is still not defeated, many people are losing their jobs and applying for unemployment benefits. Therefore, service providers and the state government need to work out measures to solve the potential problem. One of the positive trends has become the distribution of housing rental assistance. Work Cited O’Connor, Meg. “ Maricopa Country Moved Homeless People to Sweltering Parking Lots in Response to Covid-19 ”. The Appeal . 2020. Web.

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Homelessness as a Major Healthcare Issue Essay Homelessness is a major social, economic, and, most importantly, healthcare issue. There are currently hundreds of thousands of homeless people in the United States. If homeless people have already suffered greatly from a number of diseases before the pandemic, such as tuberculosis, HIV, drug addiction, and alcoholism, today COVID-19 is most prevalent among them (Canoso, 2021). The current American healthcare system is difficult to navigate under, even with the best of circumstances. For homeless people, the only medical care is being provided by hospital emergency departments. Emergency departments are costly and, since most homeless people do not have insurance, the money spent caring for these people can reach millions of dollars (Jain, 2021). However, even this amount of money does not solve the issue of homelessness; it only provides a temporary solution for people on the streets suffering. The current system of providing healthcare to the homeless is exceedingly expensive (Jain, 2021). In addition, it yields little to no actual result in caring for these people. This system requires a drastic change of the approach of solving the issue of homelessness to ensure people’s safety and sustainability of the economy. The complexity of caring for homeless people and the issues that led them to this state requires a highly coordinated partnership of major healthcare organizations. According to Tsai et al. (2017), homeless people, provided with improved housing outcomes and primary care services, move to a stable, healthy state relatively fast. As such, relocating the money to provide shelter and improve housing for homeless people would ensure a positive result of spending the budget to care for the homeless. However, this solution is unobtainable in the nearest future, and until the majority of homeless people can be housed, the rate of homelessness will continue to grow. In this case of unavailability of sheltering or housing, mobile street medical teams could bring healthcare to the people in need. This would require the cooperation of major healthcare organizations to design and develop such teams. Such a measure would ensure the efficiency of spending the budget to provide healthcare. Funding the teams of physicians to provide the availability of medical assistance to homeless people would require the budget that is already being spent; however, it would yield actual results. The change that can both provide effective care for homeless people and relocate the budget, making the most use of the money spent should be aimed at the long-term result. Most problems of the people living on the streets cannot be solved in an emergency setting. Compared to non-homeless, fewer homeless people keep appointments and take medications (Canoso, 2021). The complex behavioral and physical health needs of these people have to be met by the system of corresponding complexity. By providing the care now, the future need for it would be reduced proportionally with the decrease in the rate of homelessness. Since most homeless people are in no condition to attend medical facilities on a regular basis to achieve the long-term effects of the treatment they require, healthcare should be provided to them nonetheless. With more homeless people treated, the spread of COVID-19 and other diseases would decrease. Spending the budget on actual care for them now, resulting in the improvement of life of these people, means the reduction of the need for the said budget in the future. References Canoso, J. J. (2021). Homelessness: cause and effects. Clinical rheumatology , 40(1), 1-2. Jain, S. H. (2021). Homelessness is a healthcare issue: Why don’t we treat it as one? Forbes. Web. Tsai, J., O’Toole, T., & Kearney, L. K. (2017). Homelessness as a public mental health and social problem: New knowledge and solutions. Psychological services, 14(2), 113.

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Homophobic Name-Calling and Gender Identity Essay In the article “The influence of peers during adolescence: Does homophobic name-calling by peers change gender identity?” the authors claim that negative name-calling among peers can lead to a change in gender identity. Firstly, this is because negative experiences with peers of the same sex result in the need to identify with peers of the opposite sex. Secondly, during the period of growing up, the adolescents’ identity is not yet fully established. Therefore, they are constantly re-evaluating whether the identity formation is going in the right direction. DeLay et al. (2018) recognize that homophobia can be directed at homosexual and heterosexual adolescents. This is presumably because the purpose of victimization is to hurt someone’s feelings, not point out real flaws. Gender identity development is a critical stage in developing a personality occurring during adolescence (DeLay et al., 2018). Since homophobic name-calling is a form of victimization, this practice should be frowned upon or banned in schools. Ioverno et al. (2021) note that “bullying GNCV may represent a defensive reaction to demonstrate bullies’ gender conformity” (p. 215). Therefore, work with bullies should be carried out competently and with the participation of a psychologist. Interestingly, Ioverno et al. (2021) highlight how this statement is especially true for male bullies. That is because their “own gender conformity can affect the selection of victims based on their gender conformity” (p. 216). It is critical to understand this mirror interaction to resolve the issues of gender victimization. Equally important, victimization of adolescents, including LGB, trans, and heterosexual high school students may lead to “anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders, especially among sexual and gender minority youth” (Valido et al., p. 602). This is another valuable observation that indicates the need for concomitant prevention practices of substance abuse among adolescents. No less important, substance abuse should be perceived as the consequence of psychological problems. References DeLay, D., Lynn Martin, C., Cook, R. E., & Hanish, L. D. (2018). The influence of peers during adolescence: does homophobic name-calling by peers change gender identity? Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 47 (3), 636-649. Ioverno, S., DeLay, D., Martin, C. L., & Hanish, L. D. (2021). Who engages in gender bullying? The role of homophobic name-calling, gender pressure, and gender conformity. Educational Researcher , 50 (4), 215-224. Valido, A., Rivas-Koehl, M., Espelage, D. L., Robinson, L. E., Kuehl, T., Mintz, S., & Wyman, P. A. (2021). Protective factors of homophobic name-calling and sexual violence perpetration and victimization among LGB, trans, and heterosexual high school students. School Mental Health , 13 (3), 602-615.

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Homosexuality From a Christian Viewpoint Essay The first mention of a homosexual act is found in the Old Testament Book of Leviticus. And it is said there about this in a prohibitive manner: “Do not lie down with a man as with a woman: this is an abomination.” (Leviticus 18:22) The Apostle Paul says the following: “Just as men, having rejected natural intercourse with women, burn with lust for one another: men do shameful deeds with men, preparing for themselves the retribution that they deserve, having gone astray.” (Rom 1:27) First of all, when talking about homosexuality – the scriptures talk about “intercourse” or “lust,” but not about orientation in the sense that homosexual people today have in mind – an equal love relationship between two partners of the same sex. Homosexual relationships have been shared at all times and in all societies. However, the idea of ​​”orientation” as a property inherent in a particular person is relatively new; it appears only towards the end of the 19th century, making it difficult to directly compare the phenomenon of homosexuality in the context of Christianity (Kuefler 1256). The second important point is comparing religious books of homosexual relationships with a relationship with women. Homosexuality existed in the ancient world and the Middle Ages – but it was never understood as an equal union. In the Christian world, the execution was supposed to be for sodomites. In England, sodomites were executed until the New Times; for a long time, homosexuals were one of the targets of the Inquisition. The Code of Justinian in Byzantium provided severe punishments for them: up to castration and the death penalty. Given the high religiosity in the authorities, such persecution was supported by religious overtones. However, there was no equal modern understanding of the union, even at the level of a philosophical idea: such events were a deviation from the norm and were not perceived fundamentally. Works Cited Holy Bible . New International Version, Zondervan Publishing House, 1984. Kuefler, Mathew. “Homoeroticism in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Acts, Identities, Cultures Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century, by John Boswell.” The American Historical Review , vol. 123, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1246-1266. Web.

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Horngren’s Cost Accounting & Financial Management Essay Table of Contents 1. Project Budget 2. Fixed Costs 3. Personnel Costs 4. Supplies and Investments 5. Reference Project Budget 1. The financial plan is organized in a manner that allows successfully completing the project’s objectives; 2. The budget represents the monthly costs, thus, can be easily adapted to the unplanned changes in the expenses, revenues, or customer demand; Financial Principles (adopted from Principles of financial management , n.d.) 3. The latter implies that the financial plan should be often reviewed and compared to the actual performance; 4. The project seeks to operate within the predetermined budget and do not exceed it or leave certain financial and material resources unused without adequate reason; 5. The plan ensures that the project benefits are greater than the incurred costs. The total annual cost of $2658968 would allow: Cost-benefit assessment (Due to the fact that the company does not have any revenues, all the benefits are non-material) 1. Providing the service for approximately 1800 healthcare professionals who work with the critical patients; 2. Help doctors and nurses to successfully overcome stresses, depressions, and other mental problems that may occur due to the work and issues at home; 3. This, in turn, would help to improve the quality of provided services by the doctors significantly and, thus, have a positive impact on the local community. Instead of investing in mental health services, the money can be used to: Opportunity Costs 1. Increase the number of workers in the emergency rooms; 2. Invest in space enlargement (including the number of beds) or new equipment in the emergency rooms. 1. No inflation; Financial/resource assumptions 2. Sufficient budget revenues to cover costs; 3. Constant medication availability. Fixed Costs The first line of the financial plan is devoted to the description of fixed costs. The latter concept represents the expenditures that are constant throughout the analyzed period of time (Datar & Rajan, 2018). Firstly, telephone services include the mobile phone fees for two managers, which equal $200 each month. As such, it seeks to cover the phone calls that administrators would need to make to communicate with suppliers, clients, staff, and other people. Secondly, it is assumed that internet service fees will be paid by the building or facility administration where the mental health service will operate. In this regard, it is planned to pay $25 as a proportion of overall internet expenses. The internet is crucial for the project’s operations as it is assumed that part of the consultations with clients will be conducted online. Next, the offices rental is also assumed to be constant throughout the year. In total, it is planned to rent five offices for managers and personal consultants and two group consultation rooms for group mental health service providers. It may seem first that the rental space does not fit the necessity of all workers, especially considering that private consultants should occupy one office. However, calculations were made based on the assumption that employees will work in shifts and, thus, use the same office during different days. Moreover, the corporate plan of the TherapyNotes program will be purchased every month for $59 (TherapyNotes, n.d.). Finally, office and equipment maintenance is also regarded as a fixed cost, but it is less predictable than other expenses in this category (Zhang et al., 2017). It is assumed that equipment and space sustenance would require around 10% of the total investments in laptops and mobile phones and rental expenditures accordingly. Personnel Costs Personnel expenditures can be both variable and fixed costs depending on the form of payment for labor. In the case of the current project, all the expenditures are predefined, and employees will receive fixed salaries. The latter was determined as an average wage in the region, but small corrections will be made during the process of employment as the experience and qualification of the workers will be considered. As for the number of professionals, the number of six personal consultants and four group consultants was determined to effectively satisfy the yearly demand for mental health services which approximately assumed to be 1800 patients. Additionally, certain amount of money was budgeted to conduct initial personnel training. In particular, the two managers will be taught about specifics concerning the work in the sphere of mental health service and some techniques on how to manage employees and relations with clients and suppliers effectively. Furthermore, both administrators and common workers will have the training concerning the usage of the TherapyNotes program. Supplies and Investments Medical and administrative supplies are variable costs as they depend on the demand. However, for the former, the budget assumes the approximate cost of $125 every month, whereas, for the latter, the biggest expenditures will incur during the first month and be equal to $210. Moreover, every three months, $100 would be spent to ensure that there are sufficient supplies, including pencils, papers, and notebooks, all the time. During the other months, supply costs are budgeted to be $10, considering some unforeseen expenses may occur. Reference Datar, S. M., & Rajan, M. V. (2018). Horngren’s cost accounting: A managerial emphasis . Pearson. Principles of financial management . (n.d.). UCLA. Web. TherapyNotes. (n.d.). TherapyNote pricing . Web. Zhang, C., Gao, W., Guo, S., Li, Y., & Yang, T. (2017). Opportunistic maintenance for wind turbines considering imperfect, reliability-based maintenance. Renewable Energy, 103 , 606-612. Web.

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Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury Essay A hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) is a localized injury of underlying tissue or skin that some patients suffer during their stay in a hospital. HAPI is typically a result of prolonged immobility of patients, leading to unrelieved pressure upon bony prominences. In combination with shear, this pressure is linked to other variables such as age, perfusion, nutritional status, hematological measurements, sickness severity, and diabetes (Rondinelli et al., 2018). Despite the recent decline, the number of patients who acquired pressure injury during their stay is still over a million in the USA (Tschannen & Anderson, 2020). The development of HAPI increases patients’ risks of dying during the hospital stay by 2.8 times and dying within 30 days after leaving the medical facility by 1.69 (Tschannen & Anderson, 2020). Additionally, hospital-acquired pressure injury is accompanied by substantial pain and suffering, delayed functional recovery, as well as extended time for healing and hospital stay (Tschannen & Anderson, 2020). Even though much research has been done on the subject, HAPI remains a significant issue for elderly patients and a costly challenge for hospitals. During the patients’ time at the hospital, the primary care for them is provided by and the responsibility of the nurse practitioners. Since pressure injuries are proven to be preventable, the early recognition of the modifiable causes of the development of HAPI and taking corrective measures can stop the progression of the disease (Rondinelli et al., 2018). As such, working directly with patients enables nursing professionals to identify the symptoms and stop pressure injuries from developing. Failing to assess and prevent HAPI in patients accurately can lead to a severe impact on their lives and delay the healing process (Rondinelli et al., 2018). Furthermore, slow healing results in even longer hospital stay, which in turn facilitates the worsening of HAPI and increases healthcare costs. Within the framework of the assignment, for constructing a PCIOT question, each of its elements is further identified and described. The patients suffering from hospital-acquired pressure injuries are typically considered to be the older generation. The injury is acquired during their prolonged stay in a hospital, affected by their immobility, nutritional status, and sickness severity. One of the evidence-based solutions that can be applied to reducing the rates of acquiring and developing pressure injury in elderly patients is the minimization of shear and friction. It can be achieved by using low-friction slide sheets and air-assisted transfer devices, reducing the risk of skin injuries. Another solution for HAPI prevention is the appropriate usage of pressure redistribution surfaces, such as pressure-reducing mattresses. The outcomes of these measures can be evaluated by calculating and comparing the rates of HAPI development in patients. The time frame involved in the evidence-based practice initiative can be set to a year. As a result, the PCIOT question can be constructed as such: * P = elderly patients within the risk of developing a hospital-acquired pressure injury * I = minimization of shear and friction * C = usage of pressure redistribution * O = reducing the rates of HAPI development * T = a year * PICOT Question: In elderly patients with the risk of acquired pressure injury during the hospital stay, how effective is the minimization of shear and friction compared to the usage of pressure redistribution surfaces in reducing the rate of HAPI development a year? References Rondinelli, J., Zuniga, S., Kipnis, P., Kawar, L. N., Liu, V., & Escobar, G. J. (2018). Hospital-acquired pressure injury: risk-adjusted comparisons in an integrated healthcare delivery system. Nursing research , 67(1), 16. Tschannen, D., & Anderson, C. (2020). The pressure injury predictive model: a framework for hospital‐acquired pressure injuries. Journal of Clinical Nursing , 29(7-8), 1398-1421.

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How Does the Media Affect Politics? Essay The framers of the Constitution did not believe that citizens would take an active part in the political life of the country. While many freedoms were incorporated in the Constitution, its framers doubted whether people were interested enough in politics to follow its makings. It is true that in those times, information was limited; however, nowadays, mass media help people to be well-informed about political events. Moreover, the media act as a watchdog on the governmental powers (How Does the Media Affect Politics). Informational agencies report the events and let readers make their minds about them or share their views (How Does the Media Affect Politics). However, it always pays not to rely on the media too much and take pains to follow the political life of the country. They felt that everyday citizens were uninformed and did not care what was going on in our government. I disagree that citizens are uninformed and do not care about political life. Nowadays, there are many organizations that promote civil rights and freedoms closely following the events on the political landscape of the country. People do not wait for a crisis to voice their opinions; on the contrary, citizens try to stay well-informed about what is going on (Jach & Trolian, 2022). The media, as a great source of information, facilitates this task, allowing people to have access to the latest events all over the world (Greenberg & Page, 2015). Crises as such make people more interested in politics, but there are many people who take pains to voice their opinions, notwithstanding the political or economic situation. These people deserve great respect as they act as watchdogs on the wide judicial, legislative, and executive powers vested in our politicians and judges by the laws we have adopted as a nation. References How Does the Media Affect Politics? Web. Greenberg, E. S., & Page, B. I. (2015). Struggle for Democracy. The Pearson. Jach, E. A., & Trolian, T. L. (2022). Applied learning and student views of social and political involvement. Higher Education Research & Development , 1-15.

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How Economic Crises Affect Inflation Beliefs Essay Olivier Armantier’s et al. article, “How Economic Crises Affect Inflation Beliefs: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic,” was published in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization on July 24, 2021. Publisher Elsevier has partnered with the Copyright Center RightsLink service to offer various options for reusing this content. Elsevier offers open or restricted access to content with permanently unique identifiers to include links and citations. This paper is an independent article focusing on the state of the public economy during COVID-19. In their paper, the authors examine changes in the perception of inflation during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this paper is an independent work, Armantier et al. (2021) complemented other research in the field analyzing economic changes during the COVID-19 recession. A feature of the article is the study by the authors of the consequences of inflationary crises and comparison with pre-existing crises to calculate the level of the crisis as a whole. The survey’s main purpose is to collect against a wide range of economic outcomes. As a result of their research, the authors studied the evolution of households’ perceptions of inflation and concluded that the growth of inflationary expectations was more restrained. It means that the muted reaction of average inflation expectations masks a significant polarization of views, especially in the short term (Bekaert et al., 2020). A significant proportion of households, particularly those with higher education, initially expected that the pandemic would lead to low inflation or even deflation (Armantier et al., 2021). Thus, the authors achieved their goal and confirmed their results with numerous graphs and tables presented in the article. I liked the study by Armantier et al. (2021) because the authors look at non-traditionally triggered crises and household responses. In addition, through comparative analysis with past crises, Armantier et al. (2021) determine the spread of the crisis due to erroneous assumptions about inflation to other areas of the economy (Armantier et al., 2021). For example, the Great Recession was predominantly a strong negative demand shock driven by a falling house and stock prices. I also liked that the authors found evidence for strong polarization of inflation perceptions and identified differences between demographic groups. References Armantier, O., Koşar, G., Pomerantz, R., Skandalis, D., Smith, K., Topa, G., & van der Klaauw, W. (2021). How economic crises affect inflation beliefs: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 189 , 443-469. Web. Bekaert, G., Engstrom, E. C., & Ermolov, A. (2020). Aggregate demand and aggregate supply effects of COVID-19: A real-time analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal . Web.

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How Email Affects Interpersonal Communication Essay With the widespread use of digital technology, email has gained particular importance. With email, communication has become much easier, as people have been able to communicate with colleagues, relatives, loved ones, and business partners and representatives of organizations, literally in real-time, avoiding all the difficulties of “physical” communication. However, what is interesting is a study of the extent to which such communication has been modified with the advent of the phenomenon of email. In the context of interpersonal communication, two effects should be highlighted. First, email has meaningfully broadened the scope of communication so that communication is no longer only realized in the real world but can easily be continued online as well. This has changed the perception of interpersonal communication and greatly simplified the availability of communication. Meanwhile, email has changed the perception of nonverbal communication through emotions and body language, since in text correspondence, especially of a business nature, such expressions of speech do not make sense (Smith, n.d.). Of course, there are alternatives in the form of emoji and stickers, but in emails, as a rule, such forms are rarely used, unlike in messengers. From these features, an essential advantage of email is highlighted, namely increased accessibility, the possibility of virtually limitless communication, and staying connected with people at all times. However, there are also disadvantages: dependence on Internet equipment, the need for an electronic device, and any cybersecurity concerns. It is easy to make mistakes in electronic correspondence, as individuals automatically try to extrapolate real-world communication skills to the digital world. These mistakes include ignoring the type of interlocutor and lack of digital etiquette, mixing up writing styles, and sending long, unstructured messages (CNBC, 2018). To avoid making these mistakes in everyday correspondence, it is advisable to learn the rules of electronic etiquette, review your messages before sending, the appropriateness of using slang and style for specific interlocutors and reducing the letter to the minimum size that retains meaning. References CNBC. (2018). Email mistakes that make people hate you . YouTube. Web. Smith, T. (n.d.). Effects and impacts . CS. Web.

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